id sid tid token lemma pos 12299 1 1 Proofreaders proofreader NNS 12299 1 2 . . . 12299 2 1 Scans scan NNS 12299 2 2 provided provide VBN 12299 2 3 by by IN 12299 2 4 Case Case NNP 12299 2 5 Western Western NNP 12299 2 6 Reserve Reserve NNP 12299 2 7 University University NNP 12299 2 8 's 's POS 12299 2 9 Preservation Preservation NNP 12299 2 10 Department Department NNP 12299 2 11 http://www.cwru.edu/UL/preserve/general.htm http://www.cwru.edu/ul/preserve/general.htm JJ 12299 2 12 THE the DT 12299 2 13 MECHANICAL mechanical NN 12299 2 14 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 2 15 OF of IN 12299 2 16 WOOD wood NN 12299 2 17 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2 18 Illustration illustration NN 12299 2 19 : : : 12299 2 20 Frontispiece Frontispiece NNP 12299 2 21 . . . 12299 3 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 3 3 by by IN 12299 3 4 the the DT 12299 3 5 author author NN 12299 3 6 _ _ NNP 12299 3 7 . . . 12299 4 1 Photomicrograph Photomicrograph NNP 12299 4 2 of of IN 12299 4 3 a a DT 12299 4 4 small small JJ 12299 4 5 block block NN 12299 4 6 of of IN 12299 4 7 western western JJ 12299 4 8 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 4 9 . . . 12299 5 1 At at IN 12299 5 2 the the DT 12299 5 3 top top NN 12299 5 4 is be VBZ 12299 5 5 the the DT 12299 5 6 cross cross NN 12299 5 7 section section NN 12299 5 8 showing show VBG 12299 5 9 to to IN 12299 5 10 the the DT 12299 5 11 right right NN 12299 5 12 the the DT 12299 5 13 late late JJ 12299 5 14 wood wood NN 12299 5 15 of of IN 12299 5 16 one one CD 12299 5 17 season season NN 12299 5 18 's 's POS 12299 5 19 growth growth NN 12299 5 20 , , , 12299 5 21 to to IN 12299 5 22 the the DT 12299 5 23 left left JJ 12299 5 24 the the DT 12299 5 25 early early JJ 12299 5 26 wood wood NN 12299 5 27 of of IN 12299 5 28 the the DT 12299 5 29 next next JJ 12299 5 30 season season NN 12299 5 31 . . . 12299 6 1 The the DT 12299 6 2 other other JJ 12299 6 3 two two CD 12299 6 4 sections section NNS 12299 6 5 are be VBP 12299 6 6 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 6 7 and and CC 12299 6 8 show show VBP 12299 6 9 the the DT 12299 6 10 fibrous fibrous JJ 12299 6 11 character character NN 12299 6 12 of of IN 12299 6 13 the the DT 12299 6 14 wood wood NN 12299 6 15 . . . 12299 7 1 To to IN 12299 7 2 the the DT 12299 7 3 left left NN 12299 7 4 is be VBZ 12299 7 5 the the DT 12299 7 6 radial radial JJ 12299 7 7 section section NN 12299 7 8 with with IN 12299 7 9 three three CD 12299 7 10 rays ray NNS 12299 7 11 crossing cross VBG 12299 7 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 7 13 . . . 12299 8 1 To to IN 12299 8 2 the the DT 12299 8 3 right right NN 12299 8 4 is be VBZ 12299 8 5 the the DT 12299 8 6 tangential tangential JJ 12299 8 7 section section NN 12299 8 8 upon upon IN 12299 8 9 which which WDT 12299 8 10 the the DT 12299 8 11 rays ray NNS 12299 8 12 appear appear VBP 12299 8 13 as as IN 12299 8 14 vertical vertical JJ 12299 8 15 rows row NNS 12299 8 16 of of IN 12299 8 17 beads bead NNS 12299 8 18 . . . 12299 9 1 X X NNP 12299 9 2 35 35 CD 12299 9 3 . . . 12299 9 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 10 1 THE the DT 12299 10 2 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 10 3 PROPERTIES PROPERTIES NNP 12299 10 4 OF of IN 12299 10 5 WOOD WOOD NNP 12299 10 6 _ _ IN 12299 10 7 Including include VBG 12299 10 8 a a DT 12299 10 9 Discussion Discussion NNP 12299 10 10 of of IN 12299 10 11 the the DT 12299 10 12 Factors Factors NNPS 12299 10 13 Affecting affect VBG 12299 10 14 the the DT 12299 10 15 Mechanical Mechanical NNP 12299 10 16 Properties Properties NNPS 12299 10 17 , , , 12299 10 18 and and CC 12299 10 19 Methods Methods NNPS 12299 10 20 of of IN 12299 10 21 Timber Timber NNP 12299 10 22 Testing Testing NNP 12299 10 23 _ _ NNP 12299 10 24 BY by IN 12299 10 25 SAMUEL SAMUEL NNP 12299 10 26 J. J. NNP 12299 11 1 RECORD RECORD NNP 12299 11 2 , , , 12299 11 3 M.A. M.A. NNP 12299 11 4 , , , 12299 11 5 M.F. M.F. NNP 12299 12 1 ASSISTANT ASSISTANT NNP 12299 12 2 PROFESSOR PROFESSOR NNS 12299 12 3 OF of IN 12299 12 4 FOREST FOREST NNP 12299 12 5 PRODUCTS product NNS 12299 12 6 , , , 12299 12 7 YALE YALE NNP 12299 12 8 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 12299 12 9 FIRST FIRST NNP 12299 12 10 EDITION EDITION VBN 12299 12 11 FIRST first RB 12299 12 12 THOUSAND thousand CD 12299 12 13 1914 1914 CD 12299 12 14 BY by IN 12299 12 15 THE the DT 12299 12 16 SAME SAME NNP 12299 12 17 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 12299 12 18 Identification Identification NNP 12299 12 19 of of IN 12299 12 20 the the DT 12299 12 21 Economic Economic NNP 12299 12 22 Woods Woods NNP 12299 12 23 of of IN 12299 12 24 the the DT 12299 12 25 United United NNP 12299 12 26 States States NNP 12299 12 27 . . . 12299 13 1 8vo 8vo JJ 12299 13 2 , , , 12299 13 3 vi vi NNP 12299 13 4 + + SYM 12299 13 5 117 117 CD 12299 13 6 pages page NNS 12299 13 7 , , , 12299 13 8 15 15 CD 12299 13 9 figures figure NNS 12299 13 10 . . . 12299 14 1 Cloth cloth NN 12299 14 2 , , , 12299 14 3 $ $ $ 12299 14 4 1.25 1.25 CD 12299 14 5 net net NN 12299 14 6 . . . 12299 15 1 TO to IN 12299 15 2 THE the DT 12299 15 3 STAFF staff NN 12299 15 4 OF of IN 12299 15 5 THE the DT 12299 15 6 FOREST FOREST NNP 12299 15 7 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS NNP 12299 15 8 LABORATORY LABORATORY NNP 12299 15 9 , , , 12299 15 10 AT AT NNP 12299 15 11 MADISON MADISON NNP 12299 15 12 , , , 12299 15 13 WISCONSIN WISCONSIN NNP 12299 15 14 IN in IN 12299 15 15 APPRECIATION appreciation NN 12299 15 16 OF of IN 12299 15 17 THE the DT 12299 15 18 MANY many JJ 12299 15 19 OPPORTUNITIES opportunity NNS 12299 15 20 AFFORDED afforded NN 12299 15 21 AND and CC 12299 15 22 COURTESIES courtesy NNS 12299 15 23 EXTENDED EXTENDED NNP 12299 15 24 THE the DT 12299 15 25 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 12299 15 26 PREFACE preface VB 12299 15 27 This this DT 12299 15 28 book book NN 12299 15 29 was be VBD 12299 15 30 written write VBN 12299 15 31 primarily primarily RB 12299 15 32 for for IN 12299 15 33 students student NNS 12299 15 34 of of IN 12299 15 35 forestry forestry NN 12299 15 36 to to TO 12299 15 37 whom whom WP 12299 15 38 a a DT 12299 15 39 knowledge knowledge NN 12299 15 40 of of IN 12299 15 41 the the DT 12299 15 42 technical technical JJ 12299 15 43 properties property NNS 12299 15 44 of of IN 12299 15 45 wood wood NN 12299 15 46 is be VBZ 12299 15 47 essential essential JJ 12299 15 48 . . . 12299 16 1 The the DT 12299 16 2 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 16 3 involved involve VBN 12299 16 4 is be VBZ 12299 16 5 reduced reduce VBN 12299 16 6 to to IN 12299 16 7 the the DT 12299 16 8 simplest simple JJS 12299 16 9 terms term NNS 12299 16 10 and and CC 12299 16 11 without without IN 12299 16 12 reference reference NN 12299 16 13 to to IN 12299 16 14 higher high JJR 12299 16 15 mathematics mathematic NNS 12299 16 16 , , , 12299 16 17 with with IN 12299 16 18 which which WDT 12299 16 19 the the DT 12299 16 20 students student NNS 12299 16 21 rarely rarely RB 12299 16 22 are be VBP 12299 16 23 familiar familiar JJ 12299 16 24 . . . 12299 17 1 The the DT 12299 17 2 intention intention NN 12299 17 3 throughout throughout IN 12299 17 4 has have VBZ 12299 17 5 been be VBN 12299 17 6 to to TO 12299 17 7 avoid avoid VB 12299 17 8 all all DT 12299 17 9 unnecessarily unnecessarily RB 12299 17 10 technical technical JJ 12299 17 11 language language NN 12299 17 12 and and CC 12299 17 13 descriptions description NNS 12299 17 14 , , , 12299 17 15 thereby thereby RB 12299 17 16 making make VBG 12299 17 17 the the DT 12299 17 18 subject subject JJ 12299 17 19 - - HYPH 12299 17 20 matter matter NN 12299 17 21 readily readily RB 12299 17 22 available available JJ 12299 17 23 to to IN 12299 17 24 every every DT 12299 17 25 one one CD 12299 17 26 interested interested JJ 12299 17 27 in in IN 12299 17 28 wood wood NN 12299 17 29 . . . 12299 18 1 Part part NN 12299 18 2 I -PRON- PRP 12299 18 3 is be VBZ 12299 18 4 devoted devoted JJ 12299 18 5 to to IN 12299 18 6 a a DT 12299 18 7 discussion discussion NN 12299 18 8 of of IN 12299 18 9 the the DT 12299 18 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 18 11 properties property NNS 12299 18 12 of of IN 12299 18 13 wood wood NN 12299 18 14 -- -- : 12299 18 15 the the DT 12299 18 16 relation relation NN 12299 18 17 of of IN 12299 18 18 wood wood NN 12299 18 19 material material NN 12299 18 20 to to IN 12299 18 21 stresses stress NNS 12299 18 22 and and CC 12299 18 23 strains strain NNS 12299 18 24 . . . 12299 19 1 Much much JJ 12299 19 2 of of IN 12299 19 3 the the DT 12299 19 4 subject subject NN 12299 19 5 - - HYPH 12299 19 6 matter matter NN 12299 19 7 is be VBZ 12299 19 8 merely merely RB 12299 19 9 elementary elementary JJ 12299 19 10 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 19 11 of of IN 12299 19 12 materials material NNS 12299 19 13 in in IN 12299 19 14 general general JJ 12299 19 15 , , , 12299 19 16 though though IN 12299 19 17 written write VBN 12299 19 18 with with IN 12299 19 19 reference reference NN 12299 19 20 to to IN 12299 19 21 wood wood NN 12299 19 22 in in IN 12299 19 23 particular particular JJ 12299 19 24 . . . 12299 20 1 Numerous numerous JJ 12299 20 2 tables table NNS 12299 20 3 are be VBP 12299 20 4 included include VBN 12299 20 5 , , , 12299 20 6 showing show VBG 12299 20 7 the the DT 12299 20 8 various various JJ 12299 20 9 strength strength NN 12299 20 10 values value NNS 12299 20 11 of of IN 12299 20 12 many many JJ 12299 20 13 of of IN 12299 20 14 the the DT 12299 20 15 more more RBR 12299 20 16 important important JJ 12299 20 17 American american JJ 12299 20 18 woods wood NNS 12299 20 19 . . . 12299 21 1 Part part NN 12299 21 2 II ii CD 12299 21 3 deals deal NNS 12299 21 4 with with IN 12299 21 5 the the DT 12299 21 6 factors factor NNS 12299 21 7 affecting affect VBG 12299 21 8 the the DT 12299 21 9 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 21 10 properties property NNS 12299 21 11 of of IN 12299 21 12 wood wood NN 12299 21 13 . . . 12299 22 1 This this DT 12299 22 2 is be VBZ 12299 22 3 a a DT 12299 22 4 subject subject NN 12299 22 5 of of IN 12299 22 6 interest interest NN 12299 22 7 to to IN 12299 22 8 all all DT 12299 22 9 who who WP 12299 22 10 are be VBP 12299 22 11 concerned concern VBN 12299 22 12 in in IN 12299 22 13 the the DT 12299 22 14 rational rational JJ 12299 22 15 use use NN 12299 22 16 of of IN 12299 22 17 wood wood NN 12299 22 18 , , , 12299 22 19 and and CC 12299 22 20 to to IN 12299 22 21 the the DT 12299 22 22 forester forester NN 12299 22 23 it -PRON- PRP 12299 22 24 also also RB 12299 22 25 , , , 12299 22 26 by by IN 12299 22 27 retrospection retrospection NN 12299 22 28 , , , 12299 22 29 suggests suggest VBZ 12299 22 30 ways way NNS 12299 22 31 and and CC 12299 22 32 means mean NNS 12299 22 33 of of IN 12299 22 34 regulating regulate VBG 12299 22 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 12299 22 36 forest forest NN 12299 22 37 product product NN 12299 22 38 through through IN 12299 22 39 control control NN 12299 22 40 of of IN 12299 22 41 the the DT 12299 22 42 conditions condition NNS 12299 22 43 of of IN 12299 22 44 production production NN 12299 22 45 . . . 12299 23 1 Attempt Attempt NNP 12299 23 2 has have VBZ 12299 23 3 been be VBN 12299 23 4 made make VBN 12299 23 5 , , , 12299 23 6 in in IN 12299 23 7 the the DT 12299 23 8 light light NN 12299 23 9 of of IN 12299 23 10 all all DT 12299 23 11 data datum NNS 12299 23 12 at at IN 12299 23 13 hand hand NN 12299 23 14 , , , 12299 23 15 to to TO 12299 23 16 answer answer VB 12299 23 17 many many JJ 12299 23 18 moot moot JJ 12299 23 19 questions question NNS 12299 23 20 , , , 12299 23 21 such such JJ 12299 23 22 as as IN 12299 23 23 the the DT 12299 23 24 effect effect NN 12299 23 25 on on IN 12299 23 26 the the DT 12299 23 27 quality quality NN 12299 23 28 of of IN 12299 23 29 wood wood NN 12299 23 30 of of IN 12299 23 31 rate rate NN 12299 23 32 of of IN 12299 23 33 growth growth NN 12299 23 34 , , , 12299 23 35 season season NN 12299 23 36 of of IN 12299 23 37 cutting cutting NN 12299 23 38 , , , 12299 23 39 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 23 40 and and CC 12299 23 41 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 23 42 , , , 12299 23 43 locality locality NN 12299 23 44 of of IN 12299 23 45 growth growth NN 12299 23 46 , , , 12299 23 47 weight weight NN 12299 23 48 , , , 12299 23 49 water water NN 12299 23 50 content content NN 12299 23 51 , , , 12299 23 52 steaming steaming NN 12299 23 53 , , , 12299 23 54 and and CC 12299 23 55 defects defect NNS 12299 23 56 . . . 12299 24 1 Part part NN 12299 24 2 III III NNP 12299 24 3 describes describe VBZ 12299 24 4 methods method NNS 12299 24 5 of of IN 12299 24 6 timber timber NN 12299 24 7 testing testing NN 12299 24 8 . . . 12299 25 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 25 2 are be VBP 12299 25 3 for for IN 12299 25 4 the the DT 12299 25 5 most most JJS 12299 25 6 part part NN 12299 25 7 those those DT 12299 25 8 followed follow VBN 12299 25 9 by by IN 12299 25 10 the the DT 12299 25 11 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 25 12 Forest Forest NNP 12299 25 13 Service Service NNP 12299 25 14 . . . 12299 26 1 In in IN 12299 26 2 schools school NNS 12299 26 3 equipped equip VBN 12299 26 4 with with IN 12299 26 5 the the DT 12299 26 6 necessary necessary JJ 12299 26 7 machinery machinery NN 12299 26 8 the the DT 12299 26 9 instructions instruction NNS 12299 26 10 will will MD 12299 26 11 serve serve VB 12299 26 12 to to TO 12299 26 13 direct direct VB 12299 26 14 the the DT 12299 26 15 tests test NNS 12299 26 16 ; ; : 12299 26 17 in in IN 12299 26 18 others other NNS 12299 26 19 a a DT 12299 26 20 study study NN 12299 26 21 of of IN 12299 26 22 the the DT 12299 26 23 text text NN 12299 26 24 with with IN 12299 26 25 reference reference NN 12299 26 26 to to IN 12299 26 27 the the DT 12299 26 28 illustrations illustration NNS 12299 26 29 should should MD 12299 26 30 give give VB 12299 26 31 an an DT 12299 26 32 adequate adequate JJ 12299 26 33 conception conception NN 12299 26 34 of of IN 12299 26 35 the the DT 12299 26 36 methods method NNS 12299 26 37 employed employ VBN 12299 26 38 in in IN 12299 26 39 this this DT 12299 26 40 most most RBS 12299 26 41 important important JJ 12299 26 42 line line NN 12299 26 43 of of IN 12299 26 44 research research NN 12299 26 45 . . . 12299 27 1 The the DT 12299 27 2 appendix appendix NNP 12299 27 3 contains contain VBZ 12299 27 4 a a DT 12299 27 5 copy copy NN 12299 27 6 of of IN 12299 27 7 the the DT 12299 27 8 working work VBG 12299 27 9 plan plan NN 12299 27 10 followed follow VBN 12299 27 11 by by IN 12299 27 12 the the DT 12299 27 13 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 27 14 Forest Forest NNP 12299 27 15 Service Service NNP 12299 27 16 in in IN 12299 27 17 the the DT 12299 27 18 extensive extensive JJ 12299 27 19 investigations investigation NNS 12299 27 20 covering cover VBG 12299 27 21 the the DT 12299 27 22 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 27 23 properties property NNS 12299 27 24 of of IN 12299 27 25 the the DT 12299 27 26 woods wood NNS 12299 27 27 grown grow VBN 12299 27 28 in in IN 12299 27 29 the the DT 12299 27 30 United United NNP 12299 27 31 States States NNP 12299 27 32 . . . 12299 28 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 28 2 contains contain VBZ 12299 28 3 many many JJ 12299 28 4 valuable valuable JJ 12299 28 5 suggestions suggestion NNS 12299 28 6 for for IN 12299 28 7 the the DT 12299 28 8 independent independent JJ 12299 28 9 investigator investigator NN 12299 28 10 . . . 12299 29 1 In in IN 12299 29 2 addition addition NN 12299 29 3 four four CD 12299 29 4 tables table NNS 12299 29 5 of of IN 12299 29 6 strength strength NN 12299 29 7 values value NNS 12299 29 8 for for IN 12299 29 9 structural structural JJ 12299 29 10 timbers timber NNS 12299 29 11 , , , 12299 29 12 both both CC 12299 29 13 green green JJ 12299 29 14 and and CC 12299 29 15 air air NN 12299 29 16 - - HYPH 12299 29 17 seasoned season VBN 12299 29 18 , , , 12299 29 19 are be VBP 12299 29 20 included include VBN 12299 29 21 . . . 12299 30 1 The the DT 12299 30 2 relation relation NN 12299 30 3 of of IN 12299 30 4 the the DT 12299 30 5 stresses stress NNS 12299 30 6 developed develop VBN 12299 30 7 in in IN 12299 30 8 different different JJ 12299 30 9 structural structural JJ 12299 30 10 forms form NNS 12299 30 11 to to IN 12299 30 12 those those DT 12299 30 13 developed develop VBN 12299 30 14 in in IN 12299 30 15 the the DT 12299 30 16 small small JJ 12299 30 17 clear clear JJ 12299 30 18 specimens specimen NNS 12299 30 19 is be VBZ 12299 30 20 given give VBN 12299 30 21 . . . 12299 31 1 In in IN 12299 31 2 the the DT 12299 31 3 bibliography bibliography NN 12299 31 4 attempt attempt NN 12299 31 5 was be VBD 12299 31 6 made make VBN 12299 31 7 to to TO 12299 31 8 list list VB 12299 31 9 all all DT 12299 31 10 of of IN 12299 31 11 the the DT 12299 31 12 important important JJ 12299 31 13 publications publication NNS 12299 31 14 and and CC 12299 31 15 articles article NNS 12299 31 16 on on IN 12299 31 17 the the DT 12299 31 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 31 19 properties property NNS 12299 31 20 of of IN 12299 31 21 wood wood NN 12299 31 22 , , , 12299 31 23 and and CC 12299 31 24 timber timber NN 12299 31 25 testing testing NN 12299 31 26 . . . 12299 32 1 While while IN 12299 32 2 admittedly admittedly RB 12299 32 3 incomplete incomplete JJ 12299 32 4 , , , 12299 32 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 32 6 should should MD 12299 32 7 prove prove VB 12299 32 8 of of IN 12299 32 9 assistance assistance NN 12299 32 10 to to IN 12299 32 11 the the DT 12299 32 12 student student NN 12299 32 13 who who WP 12299 32 14 desires desire VBZ 12299 32 15 a a DT 12299 32 16 fuller full JJR 12299 32 17 knowledge knowledge NN 12299 32 18 of of IN 12299 32 19 the the DT 12299 32 20 subject subject NN 12299 32 21 than than IN 12299 32 22 is be VBZ 12299 32 23 presented present VBN 12299 32 24 here here RB 12299 32 25 . . . 12299 33 1 The the DT 12299 33 2 writer writer NN 12299 33 3 is be VBZ 12299 33 4 indebted indebte VBN 12299 33 5 to to IN 12299 33 6 the the DT 12299 33 7 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 33 8 Forest Forest NNP 12299 33 9 Service Service NNP 12299 33 10 for for IN 12299 33 11 nearly nearly RB 12299 33 12 all all DT 12299 33 13 of of IN 12299 33 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12299 33 15 tables table NNS 12299 33 16 and and CC 12299 33 17 photographs photograph NNS 12299 33 18 as as RB 12299 33 19 well well RB 12299 33 20 as as IN 12299 33 21 many many JJ 12299 33 22 of of IN 12299 33 23 the the DT 12299 33 24 data datum NNS 12299 33 25 upon upon IN 12299 33 26 which which WDT 12299 33 27 the the DT 12299 33 28 book book NN 12299 33 29 is be VBZ 12299 33 30 based base VBN 12299 33 31 , , , 12299 33 32 since since IN 12299 33 33 only only RB 12299 33 34 the the DT 12299 33 35 Government Government NNP 12299 33 36 is be VBZ 12299 33 37 able able JJ 12299 33 38 to to TO 12299 33 39 conduct conduct VB 12299 33 40 the the DT 12299 33 41 extensive extensive JJ 12299 33 42 investigations investigation NNS 12299 33 43 essential essential JJ 12299 33 44 to to IN 12299 33 45 a a DT 12299 33 46 thorough thorough JJ 12299 33 47 understanding understanding NN 12299 33 48 of of IN 12299 33 49 the the DT 12299 33 50 subject subject NN 12299 33 51 . . . 12299 34 1 More More JJR 12299 34 2 than than IN 12299 34 3 eighty eighty CD 12299 34 4 thousand thousand CD 12299 34 5 tests test NNS 12299 34 6 have have VBP 12299 34 7 been be VBN 12299 34 8 made make VBN 12299 34 9 at at IN 12299 34 10 the the DT 12299 34 11 Madison Madison NNP 12299 34 12 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 34 13 alone alone RB 12299 34 14 , , , 12299 34 15 and and CC 12299 34 16 the the DT 12299 34 17 work work NN 12299 34 18 is be VBZ 12299 34 19 far far RB 12299 34 20 from from IN 12299 34 21 completion completion NN 12299 34 22 . . . 12299 35 1 The the DT 12299 35 2 writer writer NN 12299 35 3 also also RB 12299 35 4 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ 12299 35 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12299 35 6 indebtedness indebtedness NN 12299 35 7 to to IN 12299 35 8 Mr. Mr. NNP 12299 35 9 Emanuel Emanuel NNP 12299 35 10 Fritz Fritz NNP 12299 35 11 , , , 12299 35 12 M.E. M.E. NNP 12299 35 13 , , , 12299 35 14 M.F. M.F. NNP 12299 35 15 , , , 12299 35 16 for for IN 12299 35 17 many many JJ 12299 35 18 helpful helpful JJ 12299 35 19 suggestions suggestion NNS 12299 35 20 in in IN 12299 35 21 the the DT 12299 35 22 preparation preparation NN 12299 35 23 of of IN 12299 35 24 Part Part NNP 12299 35 25 I -PRON- PRP 12299 35 26 ; ; : 12299 35 27 and and CC 12299 35 28 especially especially RB 12299 35 29 to to IN 12299 35 30 Mr. Mr. NNP 12299 35 31 Harry Harry NNP 12299 35 32 Donald Donald NNP 12299 35 33 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 35 34 , , , 12299 35 35 M.E. M.E. NNP 12299 35 36 , , , 12299 35 37 M.F. M.F. NNP 12299 35 38 , , , 12299 35 39 engineer engineer VBP 12299 35 40 in in IN 12299 35 41 charge charge NN 12299 35 42 of of IN 12299 35 43 Timber Timber NNP 12299 35 44 Physics Physics NNP 12299 35 45 at at IN 12299 35 46 the the DT 12299 35 47 Government Government NNP 12299 35 48 Forest Forest NNP 12299 35 49 Products Products NNPS 12299 35 50 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 12299 35 51 , , , 12299 35 52 Madison Madison NNP 12299 35 53 , , , 12299 35 54 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 12299 35 55 , , , 12299 35 56 for for IN 12299 35 57 careful careful JJ 12299 35 58 revision revision NN 12299 35 59 of of IN 12299 35 60 the the DT 12299 35 61 entire entire JJ 12299 35 62 manuscript manuscript NN 12299 35 63 . . . 12299 36 1 SAMUEL SAMUEL NNP 12299 36 2 J. J. NNP 12299 37 1 RECORD RECORD NNP 12299 37 2 . . . 12299 38 1 YALE YALE NNP 12299 38 2 FOREST FOREST NNP 12299 38 3 SCHOOL SCHOOL NNP 12299 38 4 , , , 12299 38 5 _ _ NNP 12299 38 6 July July NNP 12299 38 7 1 1 CD 12299 38 8 , , , 12299 38 9 1914 1914 CD 12299 38 10 _ _ NNP 12299 38 11 . . . 12299 39 1 CONTENTS content NNS 12299 39 2 PREFACE preface NN 12299 39 3 PART PART VBN 12299 39 4 I -PRON- PRP 12299 39 5 THE the DT 12299 39 6 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 39 7 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 39 8 OF of IN 12299 39 9 WOOD wood NN 12299 39 10 Introduction introduction NN 12299 39 11 Fundamental fundamental JJ 12299 39 12 considerations consideration NNS 12299 39 13 and and CC 12299 39 14 definitions definition NNS 12299 39 15 Tensile Tensile NNP 12299 39 16 strength strength NN 12299 39 17 Compressive Compressive NNP 12299 39 18 or or CC 12299 39 19 crushing crushing JJ 12299 39 20 strength strength NN 12299 39 21 Shearing shear VBG 12299 39 22 strength strength NN 12299 39 23 Transverse Transverse NNP 12299 39 24 or or CC 12299 39 25 bending bend VBG 12299 39 26 strength strength NN 12299 39 27 : : : 12299 39 28 Beams Beams NNP 12299 39 29 Toughness Toughness NNP 12299 39 30 : : : 12299 39 31 Torsion Torsion NNP 12299 39 32 Hardness Hardness NNP 12299 39 33 Cleavability Cleavability NNP 12299 39 34 PART PART NNP 12299 39 35 II II NNP 12299 39 36 FACTORS FACTORS NNP 12299 39 37 AFFECTING affect VBG 12299 39 38 THE the DT 12299 39 39 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 39 40 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 39 41 OF of IN 12299 39 42 WOOD wood NN 12299 39 43 Introduction introduction NN 12299 39 44 Rate rate NN 12299 39 45 of of IN 12299 39 46 growth growth NN 12299 39 47 Heartwood Heartwood NNP 12299 39 48 and and CC 12299 39 49 sapwood sapwood VBD 12299 39 50 Weight Weight NNP 12299 39 51 , , , 12299 39 52 density density NN 12299 39 53 , , , 12299 39 54 and and CC 12299 39 55 specific specific JJ 12299 39 56 gravity gravity NN 12299 39 57 Color Color NNP 12299 39 58 Cross Cross NNP 12299 39 59 grain grain NN 12299 39 60 Knots Knots NNP 12299 39 61 Frost Frost NNP 12299 39 62 splits split VBZ 12299 39 63 Shakes Shakes NNP 12299 39 64 , , , 12299 39 65 galls gall NNS 12299 39 66 , , , 12299 39 67 pitch pitch NN 12299 39 68 pockets pocket VBZ 12299 39 69 Insect Insect NNP 12299 39 70 injuries injurie VBZ 12299 39 71 Marine marine JJ 12299 39 72 wood wood NN 12299 39 73 - - HYPH 12299 39 74 borer borer NN 12299 39 75 injuries injury NNS 12299 39 76 Fungous fungous JJ 12299 39 77 injuries injury NNS 12299 39 78 Parasitic parasitic JJ 12299 39 79 plant plant NN 12299 39 80 injuries injurie VBZ 12299 39 81 Locality Locality NNP 12299 39 82 of of IN 12299 39 83 growth growth NN 12299 39 84 Season season NN 12299 39 85 of of IN 12299 39 86 cutting cut VBG 12299 39 87 Water Water NNP 12299 39 88 content content NN 12299 39 89 Temperature temperature NN 12299 39 90 Preservatives preservative VBZ 12299 39 91 PART part NN 12299 39 92 III iii CD 12299 39 93 TIMBER timber NN 12299 39 94 TESTING testing NN 12299 39 95 Working working NN 12299 39 96 plan plan VBP 12299 39 97 Forms form NNS 12299 39 98 of of IN 12299 39 99 material material NN 12299 39 100 tested test VBN 12299 39 101 Size size NN 12299 39 102 of of IN 12299 39 103 test test NN 12299 39 104 specimens specimen VBZ 12299 39 105 Moisture moisture NN 12299 39 106 determination determination NN 12299 39 107 Machine machine NN 12299 39 108 for for IN 12299 39 109 static static JJ 12299 39 110 tests test NNS 12299 39 111 Speed speed NN 12299 39 112 of of IN 12299 39 113 testing test VBG 12299 39 114 machine machine NN 12299 39 115 Bending bend VBG 12299 39 116 large large JJ 12299 39 117 beams beam NNS 12299 39 118 Bending bend VBG 12299 39 119 small small JJ 12299 39 120 beams beam NNS 12299 39 121 Endwise Endwise MD 12299 39 122 compression compression NN 12299 39 123 Compression Compression NNP 12299 39 124 across across IN 12299 39 125 the the DT 12299 39 126 grain grain NN 12299 39 127 Shear Shear NNP 12299 39 128 along along IN 12299 39 129 the the DT 12299 39 130 grain grain NN 12299 39 131 Impact impact NN 12299 39 132 test test NN 12299 39 133 Hardness Hardness NNP 12299 39 134 test test NN 12299 39 135 : : : 12299 39 136 Abrasion abrasion NN 12299 39 137 and and CC 12299 39 138 indentation indentation NN 12299 39 139 Cleavage cleavage NN 12299 39 140 test test NN 12299 39 141 Tension tension NN 12299 39 142 test test NN 12299 39 143 parallel parallel RB 12299 39 144 to to IN 12299 39 145 the the DT 12299 39 146 grain grain NN 12299 39 147 Tension tension NN 12299 39 148 test test NN 12299 39 149 at at IN 12299 39 150 right right JJ 12299 39 151 angles angle NNS 12299 39 152 to to IN 12299 39 153 the the DT 12299 39 154 grain grain NN 12299 39 155 Torsion torsion NN 12299 39 156 test test NN 12299 39 157 Special special JJ 12299 39 158 tests test NNS 12299 39 159 Spike Spike NNP 12299 39 160 pulling pull VBG 12299 39 161 test test NN 12299 39 162 Packing packing NN 12299 39 163 boxes box NNS 12299 39 164 Vehicle vehicle NN 12299 39 165 and and CC 12299 39 166 implement implement VB 12299 39 167 woods wood NNS 12299 39 168 Cross Cross NNP 12299 39 169 - - HYPH 12299 39 170 arms arm NNS 12299 39 171 Other other JJ 12299 39 172 tests test NNS 12299 39 173 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 12299 39 174 Sample Sample NNP 12299 39 175 working work VBG 12299 39 176 plan plan NN 12299 39 177 of of IN 12299 39 178 United United NNP 12299 39 179 States States NNP 12299 39 180 Forest Forest NNP 12299 39 181 Service Service NNP 12299 39 182 Strength Strength NNP 12299 39 183 values value NNS 12299 39 184 for for IN 12299 39 185 structural structural JJ 12299 39 186 timbers timber NNS 12299 39 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 12299 39 188 Part Part NNP 12299 39 189 I -PRON- PRP 12299 39 190 : : : 12299 39 191 Some some DT 12299 39 192 general general JJ 12299 39 193 works work NNS 12299 39 194 on on IN 12299 39 195 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 39 196 , , , 12299 39 197 materials material NNS 12299 39 198 of of IN 12299 39 199 construction construction NN 12299 39 200 , , , 12299 39 201 and and CC 12299 39 202 testing testing NN 12299 39 203 of of IN 12299 39 204 materials material NNS 12299 39 205 Part Part NNP 12299 39 206 II II NNP 12299 39 207 : : : 12299 39 208 Publications publication NNS 12299 39 209 and and CC 12299 39 210 articles article NNS 12299 39 211 on on IN 12299 39 212 the the DT 12299 39 213 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 39 214 properties property NNS 12299 39 215 of of IN 12299 39 216 wood wood NN 12299 39 217 , , , 12299 39 218 and and CC 12299 39 219 timber timber NN 12299 39 220 testing testing NN 12299 39 221 Part Part NNP 12299 39 222 III III NNP 12299 39 223 : : : 12299 39 224 Publications publication NNS 12299 39 225 of of IN 12299 39 226 the the DT 12299 39 227 United United NNP 12299 39 228 States States NNP 12299 39 229 Government Government NNP 12299 39 230 on on IN 12299 39 231 the the DT 12299 39 232 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 39 233 properties property NNS 12299 39 234 of of IN 12299 39 235 wood wood NN 12299 39 236 , , , 12299 39 237 and and CC 12299 39 238 timber timber NN 12299 39 239 testing testing NN 12299 39 240 ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS NNP 12299 39 241 Frontispiece Frontispiece NNP 12299 39 242 Photomicrograph Photomicrograph NNP 12299 39 243 of of IN 12299 39 244 a a DT 12299 39 245 small small JJ 12299 39 246 block block NN 12299 39 247 of of IN 12299 39 248 western western NNP 12299 39 249 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 39 250 1 1 CD 12299 39 251 . . . 12299 40 1 Stress stress NN 12299 40 2 - - HYPH 12299 40 3 strain strain NN 12299 40 4 diagrams diagram NNS 12299 40 5 of of IN 12299 40 6 two two CD 12299 40 7 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 40 8 pine pine NN 12299 40 9 beams beam NNS 12299 40 10 2 2 CD 12299 40 11 . . . 12299 41 1 Compression compression NN 12299 41 2 across across IN 12299 41 3 the the DT 12299 41 4 grain grain NN 12299 41 5 3 3 CD 12299 41 6 . . . 12299 42 1 Side side JJ 12299 42 2 view view NN 12299 42 3 of of IN 12299 42 4 failures failure NNS 12299 42 5 in in IN 12299 42 6 compression compression NN 12299 42 7 across across IN 12299 42 8 the the DT 12299 42 9 grain grain NN 12299 42 10 4 4 CD 12299 42 11 . . . 12299 43 1 End end JJ 12299 43 2 view view NN 12299 43 3 of of IN 12299 43 4 failures failure NNS 12299 43 5 in in IN 12299 43 6 compression compression NN 12299 43 7 across across IN 12299 43 8 the the DT 12299 43 9 grain grain NN 12299 43 10 5 5 CD 12299 43 11 . . . 12299 44 1 Testing test VBG 12299 44 2 a a DT 12299 44 3 buggy buggy NN 12299 44 4 - - : 12299 44 5 spoke speak VBD 12299 44 6 in in IN 12299 44 7 endwise endwise NN 12299 44 8 compression compression NNP 12299 44 9 6 6 CD 12299 44 10 . . . 12299 45 1 Unequal unequal JJ 12299 45 2 distribution distribution NN 12299 45 3 of of IN 12299 45 4 stress stress NN 12299 45 5 in in IN 12299 45 6 a a DT 12299 45 7 long long JJ 12299 45 8 column column NN 12299 45 9 due due JJ 12299 45 10 to to IN 12299 45 11 lateral lateral JJ 12299 45 12 bending bend VBG 12299 45 13 7 7 CD 12299 45 14 . . . 12299 46 1 Endwise endwise JJ 12299 46 2 compression compression NN 12299 46 3 of of IN 12299 46 4 a a DT 12299 46 5 short short JJ 12299 46 6 column column NN 12299 46 7 8 8 CD 12299 46 8 . . . 12299 47 1 Failures failure NNS 12299 47 2 of of IN 12299 47 3 a a DT 12299 47 4 short short JJ 12299 47 5 column column NN 12299 47 6 of of IN 12299 47 7 green green JJ 12299 47 8 spruce spruce NN 12299 47 9 9 9 CD 12299 47 10 . . . 12299 48 1 Failures failure NNS 12299 48 2 of of IN 12299 48 3 short short JJ 12299 48 4 columns column NNS 12299 48 5 of of IN 12299 48 6 dry dry JJ 12299 48 7 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 48 8 10 10 CD 12299 48 9 . . . 12299 49 1 Example example NN 12299 49 2 of of IN 12299 49 3 shear shear NN 12299 49 4 along along IN 12299 49 5 the the DT 12299 49 6 grain grain NN 12299 49 7 11 11 CD 12299 49 8 . . . 12299 50 1 Failures failure NNS 12299 50 2 of of IN 12299 50 3 test test NN 12299 50 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 50 5 in in IN 12299 50 6 shear shear NN 12299 50 7 along along IN 12299 50 8 the the DT 12299 50 9 grain grain NN 12299 50 10 12 12 CD 12299 50 11 . . . 12299 51 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 51 2 shear shear NN 12299 51 3 in in IN 12299 51 4 a a DT 12299 51 5 beam beam NN 12299 51 6 13 13 CD 12299 51 7 . . . 12299 52 1 Oblique oblique JJ 12299 52 2 shear shear NN 12299 52 3 in in IN 12299 52 4 a a DT 12299 52 5 short short JJ 12299 52 6 column column NN 12299 52 7 14 14 CD 12299 52 8 . . . 12299 53 1 Failure failure NN 12299 53 2 of of IN 12299 53 3 a a DT 12299 53 4 short short JJ 12299 53 5 column column NN 12299 53 6 by by IN 12299 53 7 oblique oblique NNP 12299 53 8 shear shear NNP 12299 53 9 15 15 CD 12299 53 10 . . . 12299 54 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 12299 54 2 of of IN 12299 54 3 a a DT 12299 54 4 simple simple JJ 12299 54 5 beam beam NN 12299 54 6 16 16 CD 12299 54 7 . . . 12299 55 1 Three three CD 12299 55 2 common common JJ 12299 55 3 forms form NNS 12299 55 4 of of IN 12299 55 5 beams--(1 beams--(1 JJ 12299 55 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 55 7 simple simple JJ 12299 55 8 , , , 12299 55 9 ( ( -LRB- 12299 55 10 2 2 LS 12299 55 11 ) ) -RRB- 12299 55 12 cantilever cantilever NN 12299 55 13 , , , 12299 55 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 55 15 3 3 LS 12299 55 16 ) ) -RRB- 12299 55 17 continuous continuous JJ 12299 55 18 17 17 CD 12299 55 19 . . . 12299 56 1 Characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 56 2 failures failure NNS 12299 56 3 of of IN 12299 56 4 simple simple JJ 12299 56 5 beams beam NNS 12299 56 6 18 18 CD 12299 56 7 . . . 12299 57 1 Failure failure NN 12299 57 2 of of IN 12299 57 3 a a DT 12299 57 4 large large JJ 12299 57 5 beam beam NN 12299 57 6 by by IN 12299 57 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 57 8 shear shear NN 12299 57 9 19 19 CD 12299 57 10 . . . 12299 58 1 Torsion torsion NN 12299 58 2 of of IN 12299 58 3 a a DT 12299 58 4 shaft shaft NN 12299 58 5 20 20 CD 12299 58 6 . . . 12299 59 1 Effect effect NN 12299 59 2 of of IN 12299 59 3 torsion torsion NN 12299 59 4 on on IN 12299 59 5 different different JJ 12299 59 6 grades grade NNS 12299 59 7 of of IN 12299 59 8 hickory hickory NN 12299 59 9 21 21 CD 12299 59 10 . . . 12299 60 1 Cleavage cleavage NN 12299 60 2 of of IN 12299 60 3 highly highly RB 12299 60 4 elastic elastic JJ 12299 60 5 wood wood NN 12299 60 6 22 22 CD 12299 60 7 . . . 12299 61 1 Cross cross NN 12299 61 2 - - NNS 12299 61 3 sections section NNS 12299 61 4 of of IN 12299 61 5 white white JJ 12299 61 6 ash ash NN 12299 61 7 , , , 12299 61 8 red red JJ 12299 61 9 gum gum NN 12299 61 10 , , , 12299 61 11 and and CC 12299 61 12 eastern eastern NNP 12299 61 13 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 61 14 23 23 CD 12299 61 15 . . . 12299 62 1 Cross cross JJ 12299 62 2 - - NN 12299 62 3 section section NN 12299 62 4 of of IN 12299 62 5 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 62 6 pine pine NN 12299 62 7 24 24 CD 12299 62 8 . . . 12299 63 1 Relation relation NN 12299 63 2 of of IN 12299 63 3 the the DT 12299 63 4 moisture moisture NN 12299 63 5 content content NN 12299 63 6 to to IN 12299 63 7 the the DT 12299 63 8 various various JJ 12299 63 9 strength strength NN 12299 63 10 values value NNS 12299 63 11 of of IN 12299 63 12 spruce spruce NN 12299 63 13 25 25 CD 12299 63 14 . . . 12299 64 1 Cross cross JJ 12299 64 2 - - NN 12299 64 3 section section NN 12299 64 4 of of IN 12299 64 5 the the DT 12299 64 6 wood wood NN 12299 64 7 of of IN 12299 64 8 western western JJ 12299 64 9 larch larch NN 12299 64 10 showing show VBG 12299 64 11 fissures fissure NNS 12299 64 12 in in IN 12299 64 13 the the DT 12299 64 14 thick thick JJ 12299 64 15 - - HYPH 12299 64 16 walled walled JJ 12299 64 17 cells cell NNS 12299 64 18 of of IN 12299 64 19 the the DT 12299 64 20 late late JJ 12299 64 21 wood wood NN 12299 64 22 26 26 CD 12299 64 23 . . . 12299 65 1 Progress progress NN 12299 65 2 of of IN 12299 65 3 drying dry VBG 12299 65 4 throughout throughout IN 12299 65 5 the the DT 12299 65 6 length length NN 12299 65 7 of of IN 12299 65 8 a a DT 12299 65 9 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 65 10 beam beam NN 12299 65 11 27 27 CD 12299 65 12 . . . 12299 66 1 Excessive excessive JJ 12299 66 2 season season NN 12299 66 3 checking check VBG 12299 66 4 28 28 CD 12299 66 5 . . . 12299 67 1 Control control NN 12299 67 2 of of IN 12299 67 3 season season NN 12299 67 4 checking check VBG 12299 67 5 by by IN 12299 67 6 the the DT 12299 67 7 use use NN 12299 67 8 of of IN 12299 67 9 S S NNP 12299 67 10 - - HYPH 12299 67 11 irons irons NNP 12299 67 12 29 29 CD 12299 67 13 . . . 12299 68 1 Static static JJ 12299 68 2 bending bending NN 12299 68 3 test test NN 12299 68 4 on on IN 12299 68 5 a a DT 12299 68 6 large large JJ 12299 68 7 beam beam NN 12299 68 8 30 30 CD 12299 68 9 . . . 12299 69 1 Two two CD 12299 69 2 methods method NNS 12299 69 3 of of IN 12299 69 4 loading load VBG 12299 69 5 a a DT 12299 69 6 beam beam NN 12299 69 7 31 31 CD 12299 69 8 . . . 12299 70 1 Static static JJ 12299 70 2 bending bending NN 12299 70 3 test test NN 12299 70 4 on on IN 12299 70 5 a a DT 12299 70 6 small small JJ 12299 70 7 beam beam NN 12299 70 8 32 32 CD 12299 70 9 . . . 12299 71 1 Sample sample NN 12299 71 2 log log NN 12299 71 3 sheet sheet NN 12299 71 4 , , , 12299 71 5 giving give VBG 12299 71 6 full full JJ 12299 71 7 details detail NNS 12299 71 8 of of IN 12299 71 9 a a DT 12299 71 10 transverse transverse JJ 12299 71 11 bending bend VBG 12299 71 12 test test NN 12299 71 13 on on IN 12299 71 14 a a DT 12299 71 15 small small JJ 12299 71 16 pine pine JJ 12299 71 17 beam beam NN 12299 71 18 33 33 CD 12299 71 19 . . . 12299 72 1 Endwise endwise NN 12299 72 2 compression compression NN 12299 72 3 test test NN 12299 72 4 34 34 CD 12299 72 5 . . . 12299 73 1 Sample sample NN 12299 73 2 log log NN 12299 73 3 sheet sheet NN 12299 73 4 of of IN 12299 73 5 an an DT 12299 73 6 endwise endwise NN 12299 73 7 compression compression NN 12299 73 8 test test NN 12299 73 9 on on IN 12299 73 10 a a DT 12299 73 11 short short JJ 12299 73 12 pine pine NN 12299 73 13 column column NN 12299 73 14 35 35 CD 12299 73 15 . . . 12299 74 1 Compression compression NN 12299 74 2 across across IN 12299 74 3 the the DT 12299 74 4 grain grain NN 12299 74 5 36 36 CD 12299 74 6 . . . 12299 75 1 Vertical vertical JJ 12299 75 2 section section NN 12299 75 3 of of IN 12299 75 4 shearing shear VBG 12299 75 5 tool tool NN 12299 75 6 37 37 CD 12299 75 7 . . . 12299 76 1 Front front JJ 12299 76 2 view view NN 12299 76 3 of of IN 12299 76 4 shearing shear VBG 12299 76 5 tool tool NN 12299 76 6 38 38 CD 12299 76 7 . . . 12299 77 1 Two two CD 12299 77 2 forms form NNS 12299 77 3 of of IN 12299 77 4 shear shear NN 12299 77 5 test test NN 12299 77 6 specimens specimen VBZ 12299 77 7 39 39 CD 12299 77 8 . . . 12299 78 1 Making make VBG 12299 78 2 a a DT 12299 78 3 shearing shearing NN 12299 78 4 test test NN 12299 78 5 40 40 CD 12299 78 6 . . . 12299 79 1 Impact impact NN 12299 79 2 testing testing NN 12299 79 3 machine machine NN 12299 79 4 41 41 CD 12299 79 5 . . . 12299 80 1 Drum drum VB 12299 80 2 record record NN 12299 80 3 of of IN 12299 80 4 impact impact NN 12299 80 5 bending bend VBG 12299 80 6 test test NN 12299 80 7 42 42 CD 12299 80 8 . . . 12299 81 1 Abrasion abrasion NN 12299 81 2 machine machine NN 12299 81 3 for for IN 12299 81 4 testing test VBG 12299 81 5 the the DT 12299 81 6 wearing wear VBG 12299 81 7 qualities quality NNS 12299 81 8 of of IN 12299 81 9 woods wood NNS 12299 81 10 43 43 CD 12299 81 11 . . . 12299 82 1 Design design NN 12299 82 2 of of IN 12299 82 3 tool tool NN 12299 82 4 for for IN 12299 82 5 testing test VBG 12299 82 6 the the DT 12299 82 7 hardness hardness NN 12299 82 8 of of IN 12299 82 9 woods wood NNS 12299 82 10 by by IN 12299 82 11 indentation indentation NNP 12299 82 12 44 44 CD 12299 82 13 . . . 12299 83 1 Design design NN 12299 83 2 of of IN 12299 83 3 tool tool NN 12299 83 4 for for IN 12299 83 5 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 83 6 test test NN 12299 83 7 45 45 CD 12299 83 8 . . . 12299 84 1 Design design NN 12299 84 2 of of IN 12299 84 3 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 84 4 test test NN 12299 84 5 specimen specimen VBZ 12299 84 6 46 46 CD 12299 84 7 . . . 12299 85 1 Designs design NNS 12299 85 2 of of IN 12299 85 3 tension tension NN 12299 85 4 test test NN 12299 85 5 specimens specimen NNS 12299 85 6 used use VBN 12299 85 7 in in IN 12299 85 8 United United NNP 12299 85 9 States States NNP 12299 85 10 47 47 CD 12299 85 11 . . . 12299 86 1 Design design NN 12299 86 2 of of IN 12299 86 3 tension tension NN 12299 86 4 test test NN 12299 86 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 86 6 used use VBN 12299 86 7 in in IN 12299 86 8 New New NNP 12299 86 9 South South NNP 12299 86 10 Wales Wales NNP 12299 86 11 48 48 CD 12299 86 12 . . . 12299 87 1 Design design NN 12299 87 2 of of IN 12299 87 3 tool tool NN 12299 87 4 and and CC 12299 87 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 87 6 for for IN 12299 87 7 testing test VBG 12299 87 8 tension tension NN 12299 87 9 at at IN 12299 87 10 right right JJ 12299 87 11 angles angle NNS 12299 87 12 to to IN 12299 87 13 the the DT 12299 87 14 grain grain NN 12299 87 15 49 49 CD 12299 87 16 . . . 12299 88 1 Making make VBG 12299 88 2 a a DT 12299 88 3 torsion torsion NN 12299 88 4 test test NN 12299 88 5 on on IN 12299 88 6 hickory hickory NNP 12299 88 7 50 50 CD 12299 88 8 . . . 12299 89 1 Method method NN 12299 89 2 of of IN 12299 89 3 cutting cut VBG 12299 89 4 and and CC 12299 89 5 marking mark VBG 12299 89 6 test test NN 12299 89 7 specimens specimen VBZ 12299 89 8 51 51 CD 12299 89 9 . . . 12299 90 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 12299 90 2 of of IN 12299 90 3 specific specific JJ 12299 90 4 gravity gravity NN 12299 90 5 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 90 6 TABLES tables NN 12299 90 7 I. i. NN 12299 91 1 Comparative comparative JJ 12299 91 2 strength strength NN 12299 91 3 of of IN 12299 91 4 iron iron NN 12299 91 5 , , , 12299 91 6 steel steel NN 12299 91 7 , , , 12299 91 8 and and CC 12299 91 9 wood wood NN 12299 91 10 II ii CD 12299 91 11 . . . 12299 92 1 Ratio ratio NN 12299 92 2 of of IN 12299 92 3 strength strength NN 12299 92 4 of of IN 12299 92 5 wood wood NN 12299 92 6 in in IN 12299 92 7 tension tension NN 12299 92 8 and and CC 12299 92 9 in in IN 12299 92 10 compression compression NN 12299 92 11 III iii CD 12299 92 12 . . . 12299 93 1 Right right RB 12299 93 2 - - HYPH 12299 93 3 angled angle VBN 12299 93 4 tensile tensile JJ 12299 93 5 strength strength NN 12299 93 6 of of IN 12299 93 7 small small JJ 12299 93 8 clear clear JJ 12299 93 9 pieces piece NNS 12299 93 10 of of IN 12299 93 11 25 25 CD 12299 93 12 woods wood NNS 12299 93 13 in in IN 12299 93 14 green green JJ 12299 93 15 condition condition NN 12299 93 16 IV IV NNP 12299 93 17 . . . 12299 94 1 Results result NNS 12299 94 2 of of IN 12299 94 3 compression compression NN 12299 94 4 tests test NNS 12299 94 5 across across IN 12299 94 6 the the DT 12299 94 7 grain grain NN 12299 94 8 on on IN 12299 94 9 51 51 CD 12299 94 10 woods wood NNS 12299 94 11 in in IN 12299 94 12 green green JJ 12299 94 13 condition condition NN 12299 94 14 , , , 12299 94 15 and and CC 12299 94 16 comparison comparison NN 12299 94 17 with with IN 12299 94 18 white white NNP 12299 94 19 oak oak NNP 12299 94 20 V. V. NNP 12299 94 21 Relation Relation NNP 12299 94 22 of of IN 12299 94 23 fibre fibre NN 12299 94 24 stress stress NN 12299 94 25 at at IN 12299 94 26 elastic elastic JJ 12299 94 27 limit limit NN 12299 94 28 in in IN 12299 94 29 bending bend VBG 12299 94 30 to to IN 12299 94 31 the the DT 12299 94 32 crushing crush VBG 12299 94 33 strength strength NN 12299 94 34 of of IN 12299 94 35 blocks block NNS 12299 94 36 cut cut VBN 12299 94 37 therefrom therefrom NN 12299 94 38 in in IN 12299 94 39 pounds pound NNS 12299 94 40 per per IN 12299 94 41 square square JJ 12299 94 42 inch inch NN 12299 94 43 VI VI NNP 12299 94 44 . . . 12299 95 1 Results result NNS 12299 95 2 of of IN 12299 95 3 endwise endwise NN 12299 95 4 compression compression NN 12299 95 5 tests test NNS 12299 95 6 on on IN 12299 95 7 small small JJ 12299 95 8 clear clear JJ 12299 95 9 pieces piece NNS 12299 95 10 of of IN 12299 95 11 40 40 CD 12299 95 12 woods wood NNS 12299 95 13 in in IN 12299 95 14 green green JJ 12299 95 15 condition condition NN 12299 95 16 VII vii NN 12299 95 17 . . . 12299 96 1 Shearing shear VBG 12299 96 2 strength strength NN 12299 96 3 along along IN 12299 96 4 the the DT 12299 96 5 grain grain NN 12299 96 6 of of IN 12299 96 7 small small JJ 12299 96 8 clear clear JJ 12299 96 9 pieces piece NNS 12299 96 10 of of IN 12299 96 11 41 41 CD 12299 96 12 woods wood NNS 12299 96 13 in in IN 12299 96 14 green green JJ 12299 96 15 condition condition NN 12299 96 16 VIII viii NN 12299 96 17 . . . 12299 97 1 Shearing shear VBG 12299 97 2 strength strength NN 12299 97 3 across across IN 12299 97 4 the the DT 12299 97 5 grain grain NN 12299 97 6 of of IN 12299 97 7 various various JJ 12299 97 8 American american JJ 12299 97 9 woods wood NNS 12299 97 10 IX IX NNP 12299 97 11 . . . 12299 98 1 Results result NNS 12299 98 2 of of IN 12299 98 3 static static JJ 12299 98 4 bending bending NN 12299 98 5 tests test NNS 12299 98 6 on on IN 12299 98 7 small small JJ 12299 98 8 clear clear JJ 12299 98 9 beams beam NNS 12299 98 10 of of IN 12299 98 11 49 49 CD 12299 98 12 woods wood NNS 12299 98 13 in in IN 12299 98 14 green green JJ 12299 98 15 condition condition NN 12299 98 16 X. x. NN 12299 99 1 Results result NNS 12299 99 2 of of IN 12299 99 3 impact impact NN 12299 99 4 bending bend VBG 12299 99 5 tests test NNS 12299 99 6 on on IN 12299 99 7 small small JJ 12299 99 8 clear clear JJ 12299 99 9 beams beam NNS 12299 99 10 of of IN 12299 99 11 34 34 CD 12299 99 12 woods wood NNS 12299 99 13 in in IN 12299 99 14 green green JJ 12299 99 15 condition condition NN 12299 99 16 XI XI NNP 12299 99 17 . . . 12299 100 1 Manner manner NN 12299 100 2 of of IN 12299 100 3 first first JJ 12299 100 4 failure failure NN 12299 100 5 of of IN 12299 100 6 large large JJ 12299 100 7 beams beam NNS 12299 100 8 XII XII NNP 12299 100 9 . . . 12299 101 1 Hardness hardness NN 12299 101 2 of of IN 12299 101 3 32 32 CD 12299 101 4 woods wood NNS 12299 101 5 in in IN 12299 101 6 green green JJ 12299 101 7 condition condition NN 12299 101 8 , , , 12299 101 9 as as IN 12299 101 10 indicated indicate VBN 12299 101 11 by by IN 12299 101 12 the the DT 12299 101 13 load load NN 12299 101 14 required require VBN 12299 101 15 to to TO 12299 101 16 imbed imbe VBN 12299 101 17 a a DT 12299 101 18 0.444-inch 0.444-inch CD 12299 101 19 steel steel NN 12299 101 20 ball ball NN 12299 101 21 to to IN 12299 101 22 one one CD 12299 101 23 - - HYPH 12299 101 24 half half NN 12299 101 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 101 26 diameter diameter NN 12299 101 27 XIII xiii NN 12299 101 28 . . . 12299 102 1 Cleavage cleavage NN 12299 102 2 strength strength NN 12299 102 3 of of IN 12299 102 4 small small JJ 12299 102 5 clear clear JJ 12299 102 6 pieces piece NNS 12299 102 7 of of IN 12299 102 8 32 32 CD 12299 102 9 woods wood NNS 12299 102 10 in in IN 12299 102 11 green green JJ 12299 102 12 condition condition NN 12299 102 13 XIV xiv NN 12299 102 14 . . . 12299 103 1 Specific specific JJ 12299 103 2 gravity gravity NN 12299 103 3 , , , 12299 103 4 and and CC 12299 103 5 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 103 6 of of IN 12299 103 7 51 51 CD 12299 103 8 American american JJ 12299 103 9 woods wood NNS 12299 103 10 XV XV NNP 12299 103 11 . . . 12299 104 1 Effect effect NN 12299 104 2 of of IN 12299 104 3 drying dry VBG 12299 104 4 on on IN 12299 104 5 the the DT 12299 104 6 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 104 7 properties property NNS 12299 104 8 of of IN 12299 104 9 wood wood NN 12299 104 10 , , , 12299 104 11 shown show VBN 12299 104 12 in in IN 12299 104 13 ratio ratio NN 12299 104 14 of of IN 12299 104 15 increase increase NN 12299 104 16 due due IN 12299 104 17 to to IN 12299 104 18 reducing reduce VBG 12299 104 19 moisture moisture NN 12299 104 20 content content NN 12299 104 21 from from IN 12299 104 22 the the DT 12299 104 23 green green JJ 12299 104 24 condition condition NN 12299 104 25 to to IN 12299 104 26 kiln kiln NNP 12299 104 27 - - HYPH 12299 104 28 dry dry JJ 12299 104 29 XVI xvi NN 12299 104 30 . . . 12299 105 1 Effect effect NN 12299 105 2 of of IN 12299 105 3 steaming steam VBG 12299 105 4 on on IN 12299 105 5 the the DT 12299 105 6 strength strength NN 12299 105 7 of of IN 12299 105 8 green green JJ 12299 105 9 loblolly loblolly RB 12299 105 10 pine pine JJ 12299 105 11 XVII XVII NNP 12299 105 12 . . . 12299 106 1 Speed speed NN 12299 106 2 - - HYPH 12299 106 3 strength strength NN 12299 106 4 moduli modulus NNS 12299 106 5 , , , 12299 106 6 and and CC 12299 106 7 relative relative JJ 12299 106 8 increase increase NN 12299 106 9 in in IN 12299 106 10 strength strength NN 12299 106 11 at at IN 12299 106 12 rates rate NNS 12299 106 13 of of IN 12299 106 14 fibre fibre NNP 12299 106 15 strain strain NN 12299 106 16 increasing increase VBG 12299 106 17 in in IN 12299 106 18 geometric geometric JJ 12299 106 19 ratio ratio NN 12299 106 20 XVIII xviii NN 12299 106 21 . . . 12299 107 1 Results result NNS 12299 107 2 of of IN 12299 107 3 bending bend VBG 12299 107 4 tests test NNS 12299 107 5 on on IN 12299 107 6 green green JJ 12299 107 7 structural structural JJ 12299 107 8 timbers timber NNS 12299 107 9 XIX XIX NNP 12299 107 10 . . . 12299 108 1 Results result NNS 12299 108 2 of of IN 12299 108 3 compression compression NN 12299 108 4 and and CC 12299 108 5 shear shear NN 12299 108 6 tests test NNS 12299 108 7 on on IN 12299 108 8 green green JJ 12299 108 9 structural structural JJ 12299 108 10 timbers timber NNS 12299 108 11 XX XX NNP 12299 108 12 . . . 12299 109 1 Results result NNS 12299 109 2 of of IN 12299 109 3 bending bend VBG 12299 109 4 tests test NNS 12299 109 5 on on IN 12299 109 6 air air NN 12299 109 7 - - HYPH 12299 109 8 seasoned season VBN 12299 109 9 structural structural JJ 12299 109 10 timbers timber NNS 12299 109 11 XXI XXI NNP 12299 109 12 . . . 12299 110 1 Results result NNS 12299 110 2 of of IN 12299 110 3 compression compression NN 12299 110 4 and and CC 12299 110 5 shear shear NN 12299 110 6 tests test NNS 12299 110 7 on on IN 12299 110 8 air air NN 12299 110 9 - - HYPH 12299 110 10 seasoned season VBN 12299 110 11 structural structural JJ 12299 110 12 timbers timber NNS 12299 110 13 XXII XXII NNP 12299 110 14 . . . 12299 111 1 Working work VBG 12299 111 2 unit unit NN 12299 111 3 stresses stress VBZ 12299 111 4 for for IN 12299 111 5 structural structural JJ 12299 111 6 timber timber NN 12299 111 7 expressed express VBN 12299 111 8 in in IN 12299 111 9 pounds pound NNS 12299 111 10 per per IN 12299 111 11 square square JJ 12299 111 12 inch inch NN 12299 111 13 PART PART NNP 12299 111 14 I -PRON- PRP 12299 111 15 THE the DT 12299 111 16 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 111 17 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 111 18 OF of IN 12299 111 19 WOOD wood NN 12299 111 20 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION VBN 12299 111 21 The the DT 12299 111 22 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 111 23 properties property NNS 12299 111 24 of of IN 12299 111 25 wood wood NN 12299 111 26 are be VBP 12299 111 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 111 28 fitness fitness NN 12299 111 29 and and CC 12299 111 30 ability ability NN 12299 111 31 to to TO 12299 111 32 resist resist VB 12299 111 33 applied applied JJ 12299 111 34 or or CC 12299 111 35 external external JJ 12299 111 36 forces force NNS 12299 111 37 . . . 12299 112 1 By by IN 12299 112 2 external external JJ 12299 112 3 force force NN 12299 112 4 is be VBZ 12299 112 5 meant mean VBN 12299 112 6 any any DT 12299 112 7 force force NN 12299 112 8 outside outside IN 12299 112 9 of of IN 12299 112 10 a a DT 12299 112 11 given give VBN 12299 112 12 piece piece NN 12299 112 13 of of IN 12299 112 14 material material NN 12299 112 15 which which WDT 12299 112 16 tends tend VBZ 12299 112 17 to to TO 12299 112 18 deform deform VB 12299 112 19 it -PRON- PRP 12299 112 20 in in IN 12299 112 21 any any DT 12299 112 22 manner manner NN 12299 112 23 . . . 12299 113 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 113 2 is be VBZ 12299 113 3 largely largely RB 12299 113 4 such such JJ 12299 113 5 properties property NNS 12299 113 6 that that WDT 12299 113 7 determine determine VBP 12299 113 8 the the DT 12299 113 9 use use NN 12299 113 10 of of IN 12299 113 11 wood wood NN 12299 113 12 for for IN 12299 113 13 structural structural JJ 12299 113 14 and and CC 12299 113 15 building building NN 12299 113 16 purposes purpose NNS 12299 113 17 and and CC 12299 113 18 innumerable innumerable VB 12299 113 19 other other JJ 12299 113 20 uses use NNS 12299 113 21 of of IN 12299 113 22 which which WDT 12299 113 23 furniture furniture NN 12299 113 24 , , , 12299 113 25 vehicles vehicle NNS 12299 113 26 , , , 12299 113 27 implements implement NNS 12299 113 28 , , , 12299 113 29 and and CC 12299 113 30 tool tool NN 12299 113 31 handles handle NNS 12299 113 32 are be VBP 12299 113 33 a a DT 12299 113 34 few few JJ 12299 113 35 common common JJ 12299 113 36 examples example NNS 12299 113 37 . . . 12299 114 1 Knowledge knowledge NN 12299 114 2 of of IN 12299 114 3 these these DT 12299 114 4 properties property NNS 12299 114 5 is be VBZ 12299 114 6 obtained obtain VBN 12299 114 7 through through IN 12299 114 8 experimentation experimentation NN 12299 114 9 either either CC 12299 114 10 in in IN 12299 114 11 the the DT 12299 114 12 employment employment NN 12299 114 13 of of IN 12299 114 14 the the DT 12299 114 15 wood wood NN 12299 114 16 in in IN 12299 114 17 practice practice NN 12299 114 18 or or CC 12299 114 19 by by IN 12299 114 20 means mean NNS 12299 114 21 of of IN 12299 114 22 special special JJ 12299 114 23 testing testing NN 12299 114 24 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 114 25 in in IN 12299 114 26 the the DT 12299 114 27 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 114 28 . . . 12299 115 1 Owing owe VBG 12299 115 2 to to IN 12299 115 3 the the DT 12299 115 4 wide wide JJ 12299 115 5 range range NN 12299 115 6 of of IN 12299 115 7 variation variation NN 12299 115 8 in in IN 12299 115 9 wood wood NN 12299 115 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 115 11 is be VBZ 12299 115 12 necessary necessary JJ 12299 115 13 that that IN 12299 115 14 a a DT 12299 115 15 great great JJ 12299 115 16 number number NN 12299 115 17 of of IN 12299 115 18 tests test NNS 12299 115 19 be be VB 12299 115 20 made make VBN 12299 115 21 and and CC 12299 115 22 that that DT 12299 115 23 so so RB 12299 115 24 far far RB 12299 115 25 as as IN 12299 115 26 possible possible JJ 12299 115 27 all all DT 12299 115 28 disturbing disturbing JJ 12299 115 29 factors factor NNS 12299 115 30 be be VB 12299 115 31 eliminated eliminate VBN 12299 115 32 . . . 12299 116 1 For for IN 12299 116 2 comparison comparison NN 12299 116 3 of of IN 12299 116 4 different different JJ 12299 116 5 kinds kind NNS 12299 116 6 or or CC 12299 116 7 sizes size VBZ 12299 116 8 a a DT 12299 116 9 standard standard JJ 12299 116 10 method method NN 12299 116 11 of of IN 12299 116 12 testing testing NN 12299 116 13 is be VBZ 12299 116 14 necessary necessary JJ 12299 116 15 and and CC 12299 116 16 the the DT 12299 116 17 values value NNS 12299 116 18 must must MD 12299 116 19 be be VB 12299 116 20 expressed express VBN 12299 116 21 in in IN 12299 116 22 some some DT 12299 116 23 defined define VBN 12299 116 24 units unit NNS 12299 116 25 . . . 12299 117 1 For for IN 12299 117 2 these these DT 12299 117 3 reasons reason NNS 12299 117 4 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 117 5 experiments experiment NNS 12299 117 6 if if IN 12299 117 7 properly properly RB 12299 117 8 conducted conduct VBN 12299 117 9 have have VBP 12299 117 10 many many JJ 12299 117 11 advantages advantage NNS 12299 117 12 over over IN 12299 117 13 any any DT 12299 117 14 other other JJ 12299 117 15 method method NN 12299 117 16 . . . 12299 118 1 One one CD 12299 118 2 object object NN 12299 118 3 of of IN 12299 118 4 such such JJ 12299 118 5 investigation investigation NN 12299 118 6 is be VBZ 12299 118 7 to to TO 12299 118 8 find find VB 12299 118 9 unit unit NN 12299 118 10 values value NNS 12299 118 11 for for IN 12299 118 12 strength strength NN 12299 118 13 and and CC 12299 118 14 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 118 15 , , , 12299 118 16 etc etc FW 12299 118 17 . . . 12299 119 1 These these DT 12299 119 2 , , , 12299 119 3 because because IN 12299 119 4 of of IN 12299 119 5 the the DT 12299 119 6 complex complex JJ 12299 119 7 structure structure NN 12299 119 8 of of IN 12299 119 9 wood wood NN 12299 119 10 , , , 12299 119 11 can can MD 12299 119 12 not not RB 12299 119 13 have have VB 12299 119 14 a a DT 12299 119 15 constant constant JJ 12299 119 16 value value NN 12299 119 17 which which WDT 12299 119 18 will will MD 12299 119 19 be be VB 12299 119 20 exactly exactly RB 12299 119 21 repeated repeat VBN 12299 119 22 in in IN 12299 119 23 each each DT 12299 119 24 test test NN 12299 119 25 , , , 12299 119 26 even even RB 12299 119 27 though though IN 12299 119 28 no no DT 12299 119 29 error error NN 12299 119 30 be be VB 12299 119 31 made make VBN 12299 119 32 . . . 12299 120 1 The the DT 12299 120 2 most most JJS 12299 120 3 that that WDT 12299 120 4 can can MD 12299 120 5 be be VB 12299 120 6 accomplished accomplish VBN 12299 120 7 is be VBZ 12299 120 8 to to TO 12299 120 9 find find VB 12299 120 10 average average JJ 12299 120 11 values value NNS 12299 120 12 , , , 12299 120 13 the the DT 12299 120 14 amount amount NN 12299 120 15 of of IN 12299 120 16 variation variation NN 12299 120 17 above above IN 12299 120 18 and and CC 12299 120 19 below below RB 12299 120 20 , , , 12299 120 21 and and CC 12299 120 22 the the DT 12299 120 23 laws law NNS 12299 120 24 which which WDT 12299 120 25 govern govern VBP 12299 120 26 the the DT 12299 120 27 variation variation NN 12299 120 28 . . . 12299 121 1 On on IN 12299 121 2 account account NN 12299 121 3 of of IN 12299 121 4 the the DT 12299 121 5 great great JJ 12299 121 6 variability variability NN 12299 121 7 in in IN 12299 121 8 strength strength NN 12299 121 9 of of IN 12299 121 10 different different JJ 12299 121 11 specimens specimen NNS 12299 121 12 of of IN 12299 121 13 wood wood NN 12299 121 14 even even RB 12299 121 15 from from IN 12299 121 16 the the DT 12299 121 17 same same JJ 12299 121 18 stick stick NN 12299 121 19 and and CC 12299 121 20 appearing appear VBG 12299 121 21 to to TO 12299 121 22 be be VB 12299 121 23 alike alike RB 12299 121 24 , , , 12299 121 25 it -PRON- PRP 12299 121 26 is be VBZ 12299 121 27 important important JJ 12299 121 28 to to TO 12299 121 29 eliminate eliminate VB 12299 121 30 as as RB 12299 121 31 far far RB 12299 121 32 as as IN 12299 121 33 possible possible JJ 12299 121 34 all all DT 12299 121 35 extraneous extraneous JJ 12299 121 36 factors factor NNS 12299 121 37 liable liable JJ 12299 121 38 to to TO 12299 121 39 influence influence VB 12299 121 40 the the DT 12299 121 41 results result NNS 12299 121 42 of of IN 12299 121 43 the the DT 12299 121 44 tests test NNS 12299 121 45 . . . 12299 122 1 The the DT 12299 122 2 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 122 3 properties property NNS 12299 122 4 of of IN 12299 122 5 wood wood NN 12299 122 6 considered consider VBN 12299 122 7 in in IN 12299 122 8 this this DT 12299 122 9 book book NN 12299 122 10 are be VBP 12299 122 11 : : : 12299 122 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 13 1 1 LS 12299 122 14 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 15 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 122 16 and and CC 12299 122 17 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 122 18 , , , 12299 122 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 20 2 2 LS 12299 122 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 22 tensile tensile NN 12299 122 23 strength strength NN 12299 122 24 , , , 12299 122 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 26 3 3 LS 12299 122 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 28 compressive compressive JJ 12299 122 29 or or CC 12299 122 30 crushing crushing JJ 12299 122 31 strength strength NN 12299 122 32 , , , 12299 122 33 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 34 4 4 LS 12299 122 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 36 shearing shearing NN 12299 122 37 strength strength NN 12299 122 38 , , , 12299 122 39 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 40 5 5 LS 12299 122 41 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 42 transverse transverse JJ 12299 122 43 or or CC 12299 122 44 bending bend VBG 12299 122 45 strength strength NN 12299 122 46 , , , 12299 122 47 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 48 6 6 LS 12299 122 49 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 50 toughness toughness NN 12299 122 51 , , , 12299 122 52 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 53 7 7 LS 12299 122 54 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 55 hardness hardness NN 12299 122 56 , , , 12299 122 57 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 58 8) 8) CD 12299 122 59 cleavability cleavability NN 12299 122 60 , , , 12299 122 61 ( ( -LRB- 12299 122 62 9 9 LS 12299 122 63 ) ) -RRB- 12299 122 64 resilience resilience NN 12299 122 65 . . . 12299 123 1 In in IN 12299 123 2 connection connection NN 12299 123 3 with with IN 12299 123 4 these these DT 12299 123 5 , , , 12299 123 6 associated associated JJ 12299 123 7 properties property NNS 12299 123 8 of of IN 12299 123 9 importance importance NN 12299 123 10 are be VBP 12299 123 11 briefly briefly RB 12299 123 12 treated treat VBN 12299 123 13 . . . 12299 124 1 In in IN 12299 124 2 making make VBG 12299 124 3 use use NN 12299 124 4 of of IN 12299 124 5 figures figure NNS 12299 124 6 indicating indicate VBG 12299 124 7 the the DT 12299 124 8 strength strength NN 12299 124 9 or or CC 12299 124 10 other other JJ 12299 124 11 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 124 12 properties property NNS 12299 124 13 of of IN 12299 124 14 wood wood NN 12299 124 15 for for IN 12299 124 16 the the DT 12299 124 17 purpose purpose NN 12299 124 18 of of IN 12299 124 19 comparing compare VBG 12299 124 20 the the DT 12299 124 21 relative relative JJ 12299 124 22 merits merit NNS 12299 124 23 of of IN 12299 124 24 different different JJ 12299 124 25 species specie NNS 12299 124 26 , , , 12299 124 27 the the DT 12299 124 28 fact fact NN 12299 124 29 should should MD 12299 124 30 be be VB 12299 124 31 borne bear VBN 12299 124 32 in in IN 12299 124 33 mind mind NN 12299 124 34 that that IN 12299 124 35 there there EX 12299 124 36 is be VBZ 12299 124 37 a a DT 12299 124 38 considerable considerable JJ 12299 124 39 range range NN 12299 124 40 in in IN 12299 124 41 variability variability NN 12299 124 42 of of IN 12299 124 43 each each DT 12299 124 44 individual individual JJ 12299 124 45 material material NN 12299 124 46 and and CC 12299 124 47 that that IN 12299 124 48 small small JJ 12299 124 49 differences difference NNS 12299 124 50 , , , 12299 124 51 such such JJ 12299 124 52 as as IN 12299 124 53 a a DT 12299 124 54 few few JJ 12299 124 55 hundred hundred CD 12299 124 56 pounds pound NNS 12299 124 57 in in IN 12299 124 58 values value NNS 12299 124 59 of of IN 12299 124 60 10,000 10,000 CD 12299 124 61 pounds pound NNS 12299 124 62 , , , 12299 124 63 can can MD 12299 124 64 not not RB 12299 124 65 be be VB 12299 124 66 considered consider VBN 12299 124 67 as as IN 12299 124 68 a a DT 12299 124 69 criterion criterion NN 12299 124 70 of of IN 12299 124 71 the the DT 12299 124 72 quality quality NN 12299 124 73 of of IN 12299 124 74 the the DT 12299 124 75 timber timber NN 12299 124 76 . . . 12299 125 1 In in IN 12299 125 2 testing testing NN 12299 125 3 material material NN 12299 125 4 of of IN 12299 125 5 the the DT 12299 125 6 same same JJ 12299 125 7 kind kind NN 12299 125 8 and and CC 12299 125 9 grade grade NN 12299 125 10 , , , 12299 125 11 differences difference NNS 12299 125 12 of of IN 12299 125 13 25 25 CD 12299 125 14 per per NN 12299 125 15 cent cent NN 12299 125 16 between between IN 12299 125 17 individual individual JJ 12299 125 18 specimens specimen NNS 12299 125 19 may may MD 12299 125 20 be be VB 12299 125 21 expected expect VBN 12299 125 22 in in IN 12299 125 23 conifers conifer NNS 12299 125 24 and and CC 12299 125 25 50 50 CD 12299 125 26 per per IN 12299 125 27 cent cent NN 12299 125 28 or or CC 12299 125 29 even even RB 12299 125 30 more more RBR 12299 125 31 in in IN 12299 125 32 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 125 33 . . . 12299 126 1 The the DT 12299 126 2 figures figure NNS 12299 126 3 given give VBN 12299 126 4 in in IN 12299 126 5 the the DT 12299 126 6 tables table NNS 12299 126 7 should should MD 12299 126 8 be be VB 12299 126 9 taken take VBN 12299 126 10 as as IN 12299 126 11 indications indication NNS 12299 126 12 rather rather RB 12299 126 13 than than IN 12299 126 14 fixed fix VBN 12299 126 15 values value NNS 12299 126 16 , , , 12299 126 17 and and CC 12299 126 18 as as IN 12299 126 19 applicable applicable JJ 12299 126 20 to to IN 12299 126 21 a a DT 12299 126 22 large large JJ 12299 126 23 number number NN 12299 126 24 collectively collectively RB 12299 126 25 and and CC 12299 126 26 not not RB 12299 126 27 to to IN 12299 126 28 individual individual JJ 12299 126 29 pieces piece NNS 12299 126 30 . . . 12299 127 1 FUNDAMENTAL fundamental JJ 12299 127 2 CONSIDERATIONS consideration NNS 12299 127 3 AND and CC 12299 127 4 DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS NNP 12299 127 5 Study Study NNP 12299 127 6 of of IN 12299 127 7 the the DT 12299 127 8 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 127 9 properties property NNS 12299 127 10 of of IN 12299 127 11 a a DT 12299 127 12 material material NN 12299 127 13 is be VBZ 12299 127 14 concerned concern VBN 12299 127 15 mostly mostly RB 12299 127 16 with with IN 12299 127 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 127 18 behavior behavior NN 12299 127 19 in in IN 12299 127 20 relation relation NN 12299 127 21 to to IN 12299 127 22 stresses stress NNS 12299 127 23 and and CC 12299 127 24 strains strain NNS 12299 127 25 , , , 12299 127 26 and and CC 12299 127 27 the the DT 12299 127 28 factors factor NNS 12299 127 29 affecting affect VBG 12299 127 30 this this DT 12299 127 31 behavior behavior NN 12299 127 32 . . . 12299 128 1 A a DT 12299 128 2 ~stress~ ~stress~ NNP 12299 128 3 is be VBZ 12299 128 4 a a DT 12299 128 5 distributed distributed JJ 12299 128 6 force force NN 12299 128 7 and and CC 12299 128 8 may may MD 12299 128 9 be be VB 12299 128 10 defined define VBN 12299 128 11 as as IN 12299 128 12 the the DT 12299 128 13 mutual mutual JJ 12299 128 14 action action NN 12299 128 15 ( ( -LRB- 12299 128 16 1 1 CD 12299 128 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 128 18 of of IN 12299 128 19 one one CD 12299 128 20 body body NN 12299 128 21 upon upon IN 12299 128 22 another another DT 12299 128 23 , , , 12299 128 24 or or CC 12299 128 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 128 26 2 2 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and CC 12299 132 17 it -PRON- PRP 12299 132 18 has have VBZ 12299 132 19 what what WP 12299 132 20 is be VBZ 12299 132 21 called call VBN 12299 132 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 132 23 _ _ NNP 12299 132 24 natural natural JJ 12299 132 25 shape shape NN 12299 132 26 and and CC 12299 132 27 size size NN 12299 132 28 _ _ NNP 12299 132 29 . . . 12299 133 1 If if IN 12299 133 2 sufficient sufficient JJ 12299 133 3 external external JJ 12299 133 4 force force NN 12299 133 5 is be VBZ 12299 133 6 applied apply VBN 12299 133 7 the the DT 12299 133 8 natural natural JJ 12299 133 9 shape shape NN 12299 133 10 and and CC 12299 133 11 size size NN 12299 133 12 will will MD 12299 133 13 be be VB 12299 133 14 changed change VBN 12299 133 15 . . . 12299 134 1 This this DT 12299 134 2 distortion distortion NN 12299 134 3 or or CC 12299 134 4 deformation deformation NN 12299 134 5 of of IN 12299 134 6 the the DT 12299 134 7 material material NN 12299 134 8 is be VBZ 12299 134 9 known know VBN 12299 134 10 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the DT 12299 135 35 stress stress NN 12299 135 36 producing produce VBG 12299 135 37 it -PRON- PRP 12299 135 38 . . . 12299 136 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 136 2 1 1 LS 12299 136 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 136 4 The the DT 12299 136 5 same same JJ 12299 136 6 intensity intensity NN 12299 136 7 of of IN 12299 136 8 stress stress NN 12299 136 9 , , , 12299 136 10 however however RB 12299 136 11 , , , 12299 136 12 does do VBZ 12299 136 13 not not RB 12299 136 14 produce produce VB 12299 136 15 the the DT 12299 136 16 same same JJ 12299 136 17 strain strain NN 12299 136 18 in in IN 12299 136 19 different different JJ 12299 136 20 materials material NNS 12299 136 21 or or CC 12299 136 22 in in IN 12299 136 23 different different JJ 12299 136 24 qualities quality NNS 12299 136 25 of of IN 12299 136 26 the the DT 12299 136 27 same same JJ 12299 136 28 material material NN 12299 136 29 . . . 12299 137 1 No no DT 12299 137 2 strain strain NN 12299 137 3 would would MD 12299 137 4 be be VB 12299 137 5 produced produce VBN 12299 137 6 in in IN 12299 137 7 a a DT 12299 137 8 perfectly perfectly RB 12299 137 9 rigid rigid JJ 12299 137 10 body body NN 12299 137 11 , , , 12299 137 12 but but CC 12299 137 13 such such JJ 12299 137 14 is be VBZ 12299 137 15 not not RB 12299 137 16 known know VBN 12299 137 17 to to TO 12299 137 18 exist exist VB 12299 137 19 . . . 12299 138 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 138 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 138 3 1 1 CD 12299 138 4 : : : 12299 138 5 This this DT 12299 138 6 is be VBZ 12299 138 7 in in IN 12299 138 8 accordance accordance NN 12299 138 9 with with IN 12299 138 10 the the DT 12299 138 11 discovery discovery NN 12299 138 12 made make VBN 12299 138 13 in in IN 12299 138 14 1678 1678 CD 12299 138 15 by by IN 12299 138 16 Robert Robert NNP 12299 138 17 Hooke Hooke NNP 12299 138 18 , , , 12299 138 19 and and CC 12299 138 20 is be VBZ 12299 138 21 known know VBN 12299 138 22 as as IN 12299 138 23 _ _ NNP 12299 138 24 Hooke Hooke NNP 12299 138 25 's 's POS 12299 138 26 law 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brittle JJ 12299 200 9 materials material NNS 12299 200 10 . . . 12299 201 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12299 201 2 the the DT 12299 201 3 word word NN 12299 201 4 _ _ NNP 12299 201 5 brash brash NN 12299 201 6 _ _ NNP 12299 201 7 is be VBZ 12299 201 8 used use VBN 12299 201 9 to to TO 12299 201 10 describe describe VB 12299 201 11 this this DT 12299 201 12 condition condition NN 12299 201 13 in in IN 12299 201 14 wood wood NN 12299 201 15 . . . 12299 202 1 A a DT 12299 202 2 brittle brittle JJ 12299 202 3 wood wood NN 12299 202 4 breaks break NNS 12299 202 5 suddenly suddenly RB 12299 202 6 with with IN 12299 202 7 a a DT 12299 202 8 clean clean JJ 12299 202 9 instead instead RB 12299 202 10 of of IN 12299 202 11 a a DT 12299 202 12 splintery splintery JJ 12299 202 13 fracture fracture NN 12299 202 14 and and CC 12299 202 15 without without IN 12299 202 16 warning warning NN 12299 202 17 . . . 12299 203 1 Such such JJ 12299 203 2 woods wood NNS 12299 203 3 are be VBP 12299 203 4 unfitted unfitted JJ 12299 203 5 to to TO 12299 203 6 resist resist VB 12299 203 7 shock shock NN 12299 203 8 or or CC 12299 203 9 sudden sudden JJ 12299 203 10 application application NN 12299 203 11 of of IN 12299 203 12 load load NN 12299 203 13 . . . 12299 204 1 The the DT 12299 204 2 measure measure NN 12299 204 3 of of IN 12299 204 4 the the DT 12299 204 5 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 204 6 of of IN 12299 204 7 wood wood NN 12299 204 8 is be VBZ 12299 204 9 termed term VBN 12299 204 10 the the DT 12299 204 11 ~modulus ~modulus NNP 12299 204 12 of of IN 12299 204 13 elasticity~ elasticity~ NNP 12299 204 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 204 15 or or CC 12299 204 16 _ _ NNP 12299 204 17 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 204 18 of of IN 12299 204 19 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 204 20 _ _ NNP 12299 204 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 204 22 . . . 12299 205 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 205 2 is be VBZ 12299 205 3 the the DT 12299 205 4 ratio ratio NN 12299 205 5 of of IN 12299 205 6 stress stress NN 12299 205 7 per per IN 12299 205 8 unit unit NN 12299 205 9 of of IN 12299 205 10 area area NN 12299 205 11 to to IN 12299 205 12 the the DT 12299 205 13 deformation deformation NN 12299 205 14 per per IN 12299 205 15 unit unit NN 12299 205 16 of of IN 12299 205 17 { { -LRB- 12299 205 18 unit unit NN 12299 205 19 stress stress NN 12299 205 20 } } -RRB- 12299 205 21 length length NN 12299 205 22 . . . 12299 206 1 { { -LRB- 12299 206 2 E e NN 12299 206 3 = = NFP 12299 206 4 ------------- ------------- NFP 12299 206 5 } } -RRB- 12299 206 6 It -PRON- PRP 12299 206 7 is be VBZ 12299 206 8 a a DT 12299 206 9 number number NN 12299 206 10 indicative indicative JJ 12299 206 11 of of IN 12299 206 12 { { -LRB- 12299 206 13 unit unit NN 12299 206 14 strain strain VB 12299 206 15 } } -RRB- 12299 206 16 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 206 17 , , , 12299 206 18 not not RB 12299 206 19 of of IN 12299 206 20 strength strength NN 12299 206 21 , , , 12299 206 22 and and CC 12299 206 23 only only RB 12299 206 24 applies apply VBZ 12299 206 25 to to IN 12299 206 26 conditions condition NNS 12299 206 27 within within IN 12299 206 28 the the DT 12299 206 29 elastic elastic JJ 12299 206 30 limit limit NN 12299 206 31 . . . 12299 207 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 207 2 is be VBZ 12299 207 3 nearly nearly RB 12299 207 4 the the DT 12299 207 5 same same JJ 12299 207 6 whether whether IN 12299 207 7 derived derive VBN 12299 207 8 from from IN 12299 207 9 compression compression NN 12299 207 10 tests test NNS 12299 207 11 or or CC 12299 207 12 from from IN 12299 207 13 tension tension NN 12299 207 14 tests test NNS 12299 207 15 . . . 12299 208 1 A a DT 12299 208 2 large large JJ 12299 208 3 modulus modulus NN 12299 208 4 indicates indicate VBZ 12299 208 5 a a DT 12299 208 6 stiff stiff JJ 12299 208 7 material material NN 12299 208 8 . . . 12299 209 1 Thus thus RB 12299 209 2 in in IN 12299 209 3 green green JJ 12299 209 4 wood wood NN 12299 209 5 tested test VBN 12299 209 6 in in IN 12299 209 7 static static JJ 12299 209 8 bending bend VBG 12299 209 9 it -PRON- PRP 12299 209 10 varies vary VBZ 12299 209 11 from from IN 12299 209 12 643,000 643,000 CD 12299 209 13 pounds pound NNS 12299 209 14 per per IN 12299 209 15 square square JJ 12299 209 16 inch inch NN 12299 209 17 for for IN 12299 209 18 arborvità arborvità NNP 12299 209 19 ¦ ¦ : 12299 209 20 to to IN 12299 209 21 1,662,000 1,662,000 CD 12299 209 22 pounds pound NNS 12299 209 23 for for IN 12299 209 24 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 209 25 pine pine NN 12299 209 26 , , , 12299 209 27 and and CC 12299 209 28 1,769,000 1,769,000 CD 12299 209 29 pounds pound NNS 12299 209 30 for for IN 12299 209 31 pignut pignut NN 12299 209 32 hickory hickory NN 12299 209 33 . . . 12299 210 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 210 2 See see VB 12299 210 3 Table table NN 12299 210 4 IX IX NNP 12299 210 5 . . . 12299 210 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 211 1 The the DT 12299 211 2 values value NNS 12299 211 3 derived derive VBN 12299 211 4 from from IN 12299 211 5 tests test NNS 12299 211 6 of of IN 12299 211 7 small small JJ 12299 211 8 beams beam NNS 12299 211 9 of of IN 12299 211 10 dry dry JJ 12299 211 11 material material NN 12299 211 12 are be VBP 12299 211 13 much much RB 12299 211 14 greater great JJR 12299 211 15 , , , 12299 211 16 approaching approach VBG 12299 211 17 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 12299 211 18 for for IN 12299 211 19 some some DT 12299 211 20 of of IN 12299 211 21 our -PRON- PRP$ 12299 211 22 woods wood NNS 12299 211 23 . . . 12299 212 1 These these DT 12299 212 2 values value NNS 12299 212 3 are be VBP 12299 212 4 small small JJ 12299 212 5 when when WRB 12299 212 6 compared compare VBN 12299 212 7 with with IN 12299 212 8 steel steel NN 12299 212 9 which which WDT 12299 212 10 has have VBZ 12299 212 11 a a DT 12299 212 12 modulus modulus NN 12299 212 13 of of IN 12299 212 14 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 212 15 of of IN 12299 212 16 about about RB 12299 212 17 30,000,000 30,000,000 CD 12299 212 18 pounds pound NNS 12299 212 19 per per IN 12299 212 20 square square JJ 12299 212 21 inch inch NN 12299 212 22 . . . 12299 213 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 213 2 See see VB 12299 213 3 Table table NN 12299 213 4 I. i. NN 12299 213 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 214 1 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 214 2 | | NNP 12299 214 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 214 4 I -PRON- PRP 12299 214 5 | | NNP 12299 214 6 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 214 7 | | NNP 12299 214 8 COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE NNP 12299 214 9 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 214 10 OF of IN 12299 214 11 IRON IRON NNP 12299 214 12 , , , 12299 214 13 STEEL STEEL NNP 12299 214 14 , , , 12299 214 15 AND and CC 12299 214 16 WOOD WOOD NNP 12299 214 17 | | NNP 12299 214 18 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 214 19 | | NNP 12299 214 20 | | NNP 12299 214 21 Sp Sp NNP 12299 214 22 . . . 12299 215 1 | | NNP 12299 215 2 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 215 3 of of IN 12299 215 4 | | NNP 12299 215 5 Tensile Tensile NNP 12299 215 6 | | NNP 12299 215 7 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 215 8 | | NNP 12299 215 9 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 215 10 | | NNP 12299 215 11 | | NNP 12299 215 12 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 215 13 | | NNP 12299 215 14 gr gr NNP 12299 215 15 . . NNP 12299 215 16 , , , 12299 215 17 | | NNP 12299 215 18 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 215 19 | | HYPH 12299 215 20 strength strength NN 12299 215 21 | | CD 12299 215 22 strength strength NN 12299 215 23 | | NNS 12299 215 24 of of IN 12299 215 25 | | NNP 12299 215 26 | | NNP 12299 215 27 | | NNP 12299 215 28 dry dry JJ 12299 215 29 | | NNP 12299 215 30 in in IN 12299 215 31 bending bend VBG 12299 215 32 | | CD 12299 215 33 | | CD 12299 215 34 | | CD 12299 215 35 rupture rupture NN 12299 215 36 | | NN 12299 215 37 |-------------------------+----- |-------------------------+----- NNS 12299 215 38 + + NNP 12299 215 39 ------------+----------+----------+----------| ------------+----------+----------+----------| NNP 12299 215 40 | | NNP 12299 215 41 | | NNP 12299 215 42 | | NNP 12299 215 43 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 215 44 . . . 12299 216 1 per per IN 12299 216 2 | | NNP 12299 216 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 216 4 . . . 12299 217 1 per per IN 12299 217 2 | | NNP 12299 217 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 217 4 . . . 12299 218 1 per per IN 12299 218 2 | | NNP 12299 218 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 218 4 . . . 12299 219 1 per per IN 12299 219 2 | | NNP 12299 219 3 | | NNP 12299 219 4 | | NNP 12299 219 5 | | CD 12299 219 6 sq sq NN 12299 219 7 . . . 12299 220 1 in in IN 12299 220 2 . . . 12299 221 1 | | NNP 12299 221 2 sq sq NNP 12299 221 3 . . . 12299 222 1 in in IN 12299 222 2 . . . 12299 223 1 | | NNP 12299 223 2 sq sq NNP 12299 223 3 . . . 12299 224 1 in in IN 12299 224 2 . . . 12299 225 1 | | NNP 12299 225 2 sq sq NNP 12299 225 3 . . . 12299 226 1 in in IN 12299 226 2 . . . 12299 227 1 | | NNP 12299 227 2 | | CD 12299 227 3 | | CD 12299 227 4 | | CD 12299 227 5 | | CD 12299 227 6 | | CD 12299 227 7 | | CD 12299 227 8 | | CD 12299 227 9 | | NNP 12299 227 10 Cast Cast NNP 12299 227 11 iron iron NN 12299 227 12 , , , 12299 227 13 cold cold JJ 12299 227 14 blast blast NN 12299 227 15 | | NNP 12299 227 16 | | NNP 12299 227 17 | | CD 12299 227 18 | | CD 12299 227 19 | | CD 12299 227 20 | | CD 12299 227 21 | | NNS 12299 227 22 ( ( -LRB- 12299 227 23 Hodgkinson Hodgkinson NNP 12299 227 24 ) ) -RRB- 12299 227 25 | | NNP 12299 227 26 7.1 7.1 CD 12299 227 27 | | CD 12299 227 28 17,270,000 17,270,000 CD 12299 227 29 | | CD 12299 227 30 16,700 16,700 CD 12299 227 31 | | CD 12299 227 32 106,000 106,000 CD 12299 227 33 | | CD 12299 227 34 38,500 38,500 CD 12299 227 35 | | CD 12299 227 36 | | NNP 12299 227 37 Bessenger Bessenger NNP 12299 227 38 steel steel NN 12299 227 39 , , , 12299 227 40 | | NNP 12299 227 41 | | CD 12299 227 42 | | CD 12299 227 43 | | CD 12299 227 44 | | CD 12299 227 45 | | CD 12299 227 46 | | CD 12299 227 47 high high JJ 12299 227 48 grade grade NN 12299 227 49 ( ( -LRB- 12299 227 50 Fairbain Fairbain NNP 12299 227 51 ) ) -RRB- 12299 227 52 | | NNP 12299 227 53 7.8 7.8 CD 12299 227 54 | | CD 12299 227 55 29,215,000 29,215,000 CD 12299 227 56 | | CD 12299 227 57 88,400 88,400 CD 12299 227 58 | | CD 12299 227 59 225,600 225,600 CD 12299 227 60 | | CD 12299 227 61 | | CD 12299 227 62 | | NNP 12299 227 63 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 227 64 pine pine NN 12299 227 65 , , , 12299 227 66 | | NNP 12299 227 67 | | CD 12299 227 68 | | CD 12299 227 69 | | CD 12299 227 70 | | CD 12299 227 71 | | CD 12299 227 72 | | CD 12299 227 73 3.5 3.5 CD 12299 227 74 % % NN 12299 227 75 moisture moisture NN 12299 227 76 ( ( -LRB- 12299 227 77 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 227 78 ) ) -RRB- 12299 227 79 | | NNP 12299 227 80 .63 .63 CD 12299 227 81 | | CD 12299 227 82 2,800,000 2,800,000 CD 12299 227 83 | | CD 12299 227 84 | | CD 12299 227 85 13,000 13,000 CD 12299 227 86 | | CD 12299 227 87 21,000 21,000 CD 12299 227 88 | | CD 12299 227 89 | | NNS 12299 227 90 Redspruce Redspruce NNP 12299 227 91 , , , 12299 227 92 | | NNP 12299 227 93 | | CD 12299 227 94 | | CD 12299 227 95 | | CD 12299 227 96 | | CD 12299 227 97 | | CD 12299 227 98 | | CD 12299 227 99 3.5 3.5 CD 12299 227 100 % % NN 12299 227 101 moisture moisture NN 12299 227 102 ( ( -LRB- 12299 227 103 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 227 104 ) ) -RRB- 12299 227 105 | | CD 12299 227 106 .41 .41 CD 12299 227 107 | | CD 12299 227 108 1,800,000 1,800,000 CD 12299 227 109 | | CD 12299 227 110 | | CD 12299 227 111 8,800 8,800 CD 12299 227 112 | | CD 12299 227 113 14,500 14,500 CD 12299 227 114 | | CD 12299 227 115 | | NNP 12299 227 116 Pignut Pignut NNP 12299 227 117 hickory hickory NN 12299 227 118 , , , 12299 227 119 | | NNP 12299 227 120 | | CD 12299 227 121 | | CD 12299 227 122 | | CD 12299 227 123 | | CD 12299 227 124 | | CD 12299 227 125 | | CD 12299 227 126 3.5 3.5 CD 12299 227 127 % % NN 12299 227 128 moisture moisture NN 12299 227 129 ( ( -LRB- 12299 227 130 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 227 131 ) ) -RRB- 12299 227 132 | | CD 12299 227 133 .86 .86 CD 12299 227 134 | | CD 12299 227 135 2,370,000 2,370,000 CD 12299 227 136 | | CD 12299 227 137 | | CD 12299 227 138 11,130 11,130 CD 12299 227 139 | | CD 12299 227 140 24,000 24,000 CD 12299 227 141 | | CD 12299 227 142 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 227 143 | | CD 12299 227 144 NOTE.--Great note.--great NN 12299 227 145 variation variation NN 12299 227 146 may may MD 12299 227 147 be be VB 12299 227 148 found find VBN 12299 227 149 in in IN 12299 227 150 different different JJ 12299 227 151 samples sample NNS 12299 227 152 of of IN 12299 227 153 metals metal NNS 12299 227 154 as as IN 12299 227 155 well well RB 12299 227 156 | | CD 12299 227 157 | | NNS 12299 227 158 as as IN 12299 227 159 of of IN 12299 227 160 wood wood NN 12299 227 161 . . . 12299 228 1 The the DT 12299 228 2 examples example NNS 12299 228 3 given give VBN 12299 228 4 represent represent VBP 12299 228 5 reasonable reasonable JJ 12299 228 6 values value NNS 12299 228 7 . . . 12299 229 1 | | NNP 12299 229 2 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 229 3 TENSILE TENSILE NNP 12299 229 4 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 229 5 ~Tension~ ~Tension~ NFP 12299 229 6 results result VBZ 12299 229 7 when when WRB 12299 229 8 a a DT 12299 229 9 pulling pull VBG 12299 229 10 force force NN 12299 229 11 is be VBZ 12299 229 12 applied apply VBN 12299 229 13 to to IN 12299 229 14 opposite opposite JJ 12299 229 15 ends end NNS 12299 229 16 of of IN 12299 229 17 a a DT 12299 229 18 body body NN 12299 229 19 . . . 12299 230 1 This this DT 12299 230 2 external external JJ 12299 230 3 pull pull NN 12299 230 4 is be VBZ 12299 230 5 communicated communicate VBN 12299 230 6 to to IN 12299 230 7 the the DT 12299 230 8 interior interior NN 12299 230 9 , , , 12299 230 10 so so IN 12299 230 11 that that IN 12299 230 12 any any DT 12299 230 13 portion portion NN 12299 230 14 of of IN 12299 230 15 the the DT 12299 230 16 material material NN 12299 230 17 exerts exert NNS 12299 230 18 a a DT 12299 230 19 pull pull NN 12299 230 20 or or CC 12299 230 21 tensile tensile JJ 12299 230 22 force force NN 12299 230 23 upon upon IN 12299 230 24 the the DT 12299 230 25 remainder remainder NN 12299 230 26 , , , 12299 230 27 the the DT 12299 230 28 ability ability NN 12299 230 29 to to TO 12299 230 30 do do VB 12299 230 31 so so RB 12299 230 32 depending depend VBG 12299 230 33 upon upon IN 12299 230 34 the the DT 12299 230 35 property property NN 12299 230 36 of of IN 12299 230 37 cohesion cohesion NN 12299 230 38 . . . 12299 231 1 The the DT 12299 231 2 result result NN 12299 231 3 is be VBZ 12299 231 4 an an DT 12299 231 5 elongation elongation NN 12299 231 6 or or CC 12299 231 7 stretching stretching NN 12299 231 8 of of IN 12299 231 9 the the DT 12299 231 10 material material NN 12299 231 11 in in IN 12299 231 12 the the DT 12299 231 13 direction direction NN 12299 231 14 of of IN 12299 231 15 the the DT 12299 231 16 applied applied JJ 12299 231 17 force force NN 12299 231 18 . . . 12299 232 1 The the DT 12299 232 2 action action NN 12299 232 3 is be VBZ 12299 232 4 the the DT 12299 232 5 opposite opposite NN 12299 232 6 of of IN 12299 232 7 compression compression NN 12299 232 8 . . . 12299 233 1 Wood wood NN 12299 233 2 exhibits exhibit VBZ 12299 233 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 233 4 greatest great JJS 12299 233 5 strength strength NN 12299 233 6 in in IN 12299 233 7 tension tension NN 12299 233 8 parallel parallel NN 12299 233 9 to to IN 12299 233 10 the the DT 12299 233 11 grain grain NN 12299 233 12 , , , 12299 233 13 and and CC 12299 233 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 233 15 is be VBZ 12299 233 16 very very RB 12299 233 17 uncommon uncommon JJ 12299 233 18 in in IN 12299 233 19 practice practice NN 12299 233 20 for for IN 12299 233 21 a a DT 12299 233 22 specimen speciman NNS 12299 233 23 to to TO 12299 233 24 be be VB 12299 233 25 pulled pull VBN 12299 233 26 in in IN 12299 233 27 two two CD 12299 233 28 lengthwise lengthwise RB 12299 233 29 . . . 12299 234 1 This this DT 12299 234 2 is be VBZ 12299 234 3 due due JJ 12299 234 4 to to IN 12299 234 5 the the DT 12299 234 6 difficulty difficulty NN 12299 234 7 of of IN 12299 234 8 making make VBG 12299 234 9 the the DT 12299 234 10 end end NN 12299 234 11 fastenings fastening NNS 12299 234 12 secure secure JJ 12299 234 13 enough enough RB 12299 234 14 for for IN 12299 234 15 the the DT 12299 234 16 full full JJ 12299 234 17 tensile tensile JJ 12299 234 18 strength strength NN 12299 234 19 to to TO 12299 234 20 be be VB 12299 234 21 brought bring VBN 12299 234 22 into into IN 12299 234 23 play play NN 12299 234 24 before before IN 12299 234 25 the the DT 12299 234 26 fastenings fastening NNS 12299 234 27 shear shear VBP 12299 234 28 off off RP 12299 234 29 longitudinally longitudinally RB 12299 234 30 . . . 12299 235 1 This this DT 12299 235 2 is be VBZ 12299 235 3 not not RB 12299 235 4 the the DT 12299 235 5 case case NN 12299 235 6 with with IN 12299 235 7 metals metal NNS 12299 235 8 , , , 12299 235 9 and and CC 12299 235 10 as as IN 12299 235 11 a a DT 12299 235 12 result result NN 12299 235 13 they -PRON- PRP 12299 235 14 are be VBP 12299 235 15 used use VBN 12299 235 16 in in IN 12299 235 17 almost almost RB 12299 235 18 all all DT 12299 235 19 places place NNS 12299 235 20 where where WRB 12299 235 21 tensile tensile JJ 12299 235 22 strength strength NN 12299 235 23 is be VBZ 12299 235 24 particularly particularly RB 12299 235 25 needed need VBN 12299 235 26 , , , 12299 235 27 even even RB 12299 235 28 though though IN 12299 235 29 the the DT 12299 235 30 remainder remainder NN 12299 235 31 of of IN 12299 235 32 the the DT 12299 235 33 structure structure NN 12299 235 34 , , , 12299 235 35 such such JJ 12299 235 36 as as IN 12299 235 37 sills sill NNS 12299 235 38 , , , 12299 235 39 beams beam NNS 12299 235 40 , , , 12299 235 41 joists joist NNS 12299 235 42 , , , 12299 235 43 posts post NNS 12299 235 44 , , , 12299 235 45 and and CC 12299 235 46 flooring flooring NN 12299 235 47 , , , 12299 235 48 may may MD 12299 235 49 be be VB 12299 235 50 of of IN 12299 235 51 wood wood NN 12299 235 52 . . . 12299 236 1 Thus thus RB 12299 236 2 in in IN 12299 236 3 a a DT 12299 236 4 wooden wooden JJ 12299 236 5 truss truss NN 12299 236 6 bridge bridge NN 12299 236 7 the the DT 12299 236 8 tension tension NN 12299 236 9 members member NNS 12299 236 10 are be VBP 12299 236 11 steel steel NN 12299 236 12 rods rod NNS 12299 236 13 . . . 12299 237 1 The the DT 12299 237 2 tensile tensile JJ 12299 237 3 strength strength NN 12299 237 4 of of IN 12299 237 5 wood wood NN 12299 237 6 parallel parallel NN 12299 237 7 to to IN 12299 237 8 the the DT 12299 237 9 grain grain NN 12299 237 10 depends depend VBZ 12299 237 11 upon upon IN 12299 237 12 the the DT 12299 237 13 strength strength NN 12299 237 14 of of IN 12299 237 15 the the DT 12299 237 16 fibres fibre NNS 12299 237 17 and and CC 12299 237 18 is be VBZ 12299 237 19 affected affect VBN 12299 237 20 not not RB 12299 237 21 only only RB 12299 237 22 by by IN 12299 237 23 the the DT 12299 237 24 nature nature NN 12299 237 25 and and CC 12299 237 26 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 237 27 of of IN 12299 237 28 the the DT 12299 237 29 wood wood NN 12299 237 30 elements element NNS 12299 237 31 but but CC 12299 237 32 also also RB 12299 237 33 by by IN 12299 237 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 237 35 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 237 36 . . . 12299 238 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 238 2 is be VBZ 12299 238 3 greatest great JJS 12299 238 4 in in IN 12299 238 5 straight straight RB 12299 238 6 - - HYPH 12299 238 7 grained grain VBN 12299 238 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 238 9 with with IN 12299 238 10 thick thick JJ 12299 238 11 - - HYPH 12299 238 12 walled walled JJ 12299 238 13 fibres fibre NNS 12299 238 14 . . . 12299 239 1 Cross cross VB 12299 239 2 grain grain NN 12299 239 3 of of IN 12299 239 4 any any DT 12299 239 5 kind kind NN 12299 239 6 materially materially RB 12299 239 7 reduces reduce VBZ 12299 239 8 the the DT 12299 239 9 tensile tensile JJ 12299 239 10 strength strength NN 12299 239 11 of of IN 12299 239 12 wood wood NN 12299 239 13 , , , 12299 239 14 since since IN 12299 239 15 the the DT 12299 239 16 tensile tensile JJ 12299 239 17 strength strength NN 12299 239 18 at at IN 12299 239 19 right right JJ 12299 239 20 angles angle NNS 12299 239 21 to to IN 12299 239 22 the the DT 12299 239 23 grain grain NN 12299 239 24 is be VBZ 12299 239 25 only only RB 12299 239 26 a a DT 12299 239 27 small small JJ 12299 239 28 fraction fraction NN 12299 239 29 of of IN 12299 239 30 that that DT 12299 239 31 parallel parallel NN 12299 239 32 to to IN 12299 239 33 the the DT 12299 239 34 grain grain NN 12299 239 35 . . . 12299 240 1 |--------------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 240 2 | | NNP 12299 240 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 240 4 II II NNP 12299 240 5 | | NNP 12299 240 6 |--------------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 240 7 | | NNP 12299 240 8 RATIO RATIO NNP 12299 240 9 OF of IN 12299 240 10 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 240 11 OF of IN 12299 240 12 WOOD wood NN 12299 240 13 IN in IN 12299 240 14 TENSION tension NN 12299 240 15 AND and CC 12299 240 16 IN in IN 12299 240 17 COMPRESSION COMPRESSION VBN 12299 240 18 | | CD 12299 240 19 | | NNS 12299 240 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 240 21 Bul Bul NNP 12299 240 22 . . . 12299 241 1 10 10 CD 12299 241 2 , , , 12299 241 3 U. U. NNP 12299 241 4 S. S. NNP 12299 241 5 Div Div NNP 12299 241 6 . . . 12299 242 1 of of IN 12299 242 2 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 242 3 , , , 12299 242 4 p. p. NN 12299 242 5 44 44 CD 12299 242 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 242 7 | | NNP 12299 242 8 |--------------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 242 9 | | NNP 12299 242 10 | | NNP 12299 242 11 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 242 12 : : : 12299 242 13 | | NNP 12299 242 14 A a DT 12299 242 15 stick stick NN 12299 242 16 1 1 CD 12299 242 17 square square JJ 12299 242 18 inch inch NN 12299 242 19 in in IN 12299 242 20 | | NNP 12299 242 21 | | NNP 12299 242 22 | | CD 12299 242 23 | | HYPH 12299 242 24 cross cross NN 12299 242 25 section section NN 12299 242 26 . . . 12299 243 1 | | NNP 12299 243 2 | | CD 12299 243 3 | | NNP 12299 243 4 Tensile Tensile NNP 12299 243 5 | | CD 12299 243 6 | | CD 12299 243 7 | | CD 12299 243 8 KIND kind NN 12299 243 9 OF of IN 12299 243 10 WOOD wood NN 12299 243 11 | | HYPH 12299 243 12 strength strength NN 12299 243 13 | | NNP 12299 243 14 Weight Weight NNP 12299 243 15 required require VBD 12299 243 16 to-- to-- NNP 12299 243 17 | | NNP 12299 243 18 | | NNP 12299 243 19 | | NNP 12299 243 20 R r NN 12299 243 21 = = NN 12299 243 22 ----------- ----------- NFP 12299 243 23 + + CC 12299 243 24 ----------------------------| ----------------------------| NNP 12299 243 25 | | NNP 12299 243 26 | | NNP 12299 243 27 compressive compressive JJ 12299 243 28 | | CD 12299 243 29 Pull pull VB 12299 243 30 apart apart RB 12299 243 31 | | JJ 12299 243 32 Crush Crush NNP 12299 243 33 endwise endwise NN 12299 243 34 | | CD 12299 243 35 | | CD 12299 243 36 | | CD 12299 243 37 strength strength NN 12299 243 38 | | NNP 12299 243 39 | | CD 12299 243 40 | | CD 12299 243 41 |---------------+-----------------+------------+---------------| |---------------+-----------------+------------+---------------| NNP 12299 243 42 | | NNP 12299 243 43 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 243 44 | | CD 12299 243 45 3.7 3.7 CD 12299 243 46 | | CD 12299 243 47 32,000 32,000 CD 12299 243 48 | | CD 12299 243 49 8,500 8,500 CD 12299 243 50 | | CD 12299 243 51 | | NNP 12299 243 52 Elm Elm NNP 12299 243 53 | | NNP 12299 243 54 3.8 3.8 CD 12299 243 55 | | CD 12299 243 56 29,000 29,000 CD 12299 243 57 | | CD 12299 243 58 7,500 7,500 CD 12299 243 59 | | CD 12299 243 60 | | NNP 12299 243 61 Larch Larch NNP 12299 243 62 | | NNP 12299 243 63 2.3 2.3 CD 12299 243 64 | | CD 12299 243 65 19,400 19,400 CD 12299 243 66 | | CD 12299 243 67 8,600 8,600 CD 12299 243 68 | | CD 12299 243 69 | | NNP 12299 243 70 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 243 71 Pine Pine NNP 12299 243 72 | | NNP 12299 243 73 2.2 2.2 CD 12299 243 74 | | CD 12299 243 75 17,300 17,300 CD 12299 243 76 | | CD 12299 243 77 7,400 7,400 CD 12299 243 78 | | CD 12299 243 79 |--------------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 243 80 | | CD 12299 243 81 NOTE.--Moisture note.--moisture JJ 12299 243 82 condition condition NN 12299 243 83 not not RB 12299 243 84 given give VBN 12299 243 85 . . . 12299 244 1 | | NNP 12299 244 2 |--------------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 244 3 Failure Failure NNP 12299 244 4 of of IN 12299 244 5 wood wood NN 12299 244 6 in in IN 12299 244 7 tension tension NN 12299 244 8 parallel parallel NN 12299 244 9 to to IN 12299 244 10 the the DT 12299 244 11 grain grain NN 12299 244 12 occurs occur VBZ 12299 244 13 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 244 14 in in IN 12299 244 15 flexure flexure NN 12299 244 16 , , , 12299 244 17 especially especially RB 12299 244 18 with with IN 12299 244 19 dry dry JJ 12299 244 20 material material NN 12299 244 21 . . . 12299 245 1 The the DT 12299 245 2 tension tension NN 12299 245 3 portion portion NN 12299 245 4 of of IN 12299 245 5 the the DT 12299 245 6 fracture fracture NN 12299 245 7 is be VBZ 12299 245 8 nearly nearly RB 12299 245 9 the the DT 12299 245 10 same same JJ 12299 245 11 as as IN 12299 245 12 though though IN 12299 245 13 the the DT 12299 245 14 piece piece NN 12299 245 15 were be VBD 12299 245 16 pulled pull VBN 12299 245 17 in in IN 12299 245 18 two two CD 12299 245 19 lengthwise lengthwise RB 12299 245 20 . . . 12299 246 1 The the DT 12299 246 2 fibre fibre NN 12299 246 3 walls wall NNS 12299 246 4 are be VBP 12299 246 5 torn tear VBN 12299 246 6 across across RB 12299 246 7 obliquely obliquely RB 12299 246 8 and and CC 12299 246 9 usually usually RB 12299 246 10 in in IN 12299 246 11 a a DT 12299 246 12 spiral spiral JJ 12299 246 13 direction direction NN 12299 246 14 . . . 12299 247 1 There there EX 12299 247 2 is be VBZ 12299 247 3 practically practically RB 12299 247 4 no no DT 12299 247 5 pulling pull VBG 12299 247 6 apart apart RB 12299 247 7 of of IN 12299 247 8 the the DT 12299 247 9 fibres fibre NNS 12299 247 10 , , , 12299 247 11 that that RB 12299 247 12 is is RB 12299 247 13 , , , 12299 247 14 no no DT 12299 247 15 separation separation NN 12299 247 16 of of IN 12299 247 17 the the DT 12299 247 18 fibres fibre NNS 12299 247 19 along along IN 12299 247 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 247 21 walls wall NNS 12299 247 22 , , , 12299 247 23 regardless regardless RB 12299 247 24 of of IN 12299 247 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 247 26 thickness thickness NN 12299 247 27 . . . 12299 248 1 The the DT 12299 248 2 nature nature NN 12299 248 3 of of IN 12299 248 4 tension tension NN 12299 248 5 failure failure NN 12299 248 6 is be VBZ 12299 248 7 apparently apparently RB 12299 248 8 not not RB 12299 248 9 affected affect VBN 12299 248 10 by by IN 12299 248 11 the the DT 12299 248 12 moisture moisture NN 12299 248 13 condition condition NN 12299 248 14 of of IN 12299 248 15 the the DT 12299 248 16 specimen speciman NNS 12299 248 17 , , , 12299 248 18 at at IN 12299 248 19 least least JJS 12299 248 20 not not RB 12299 248 21 so so RB 12299 248 22 much much RB 12299 248 23 so so RB 12299 248 24 as as IN 12299 248 25 the the DT 12299 248 26 other other JJ 12299 248 27 strength strength NN 12299 248 28 values value NNS 12299 248 29 . . . 12299 249 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 249 2 3 3 CD 12299 249 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 249 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 249 5 Footnote footnote NN 12299 249 6 3 3 CD 12299 249 7 : : : 12299 249 8 See see VB 12299 249 9 Brush Brush NNP 12299 249 10 , , , 12299 249 11 Warren Warren NNP 12299 249 12 D. D. NNP 12299 249 13 : : : 12299 249 14 A a DT 12299 249 15 microscopic microscopic JJ 12299 249 16 study study NN 12299 249 17 of of IN 12299 249 18 the the DT 12299 249 19 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 249 20 failure failure NN 12299 249 21 of of IN 12299 249 22 wood wood NN 12299 249 23 . . . 12299 250 1 Vol Vol NNP 12299 250 2 . . . 12299 251 1 II II NNP 12299 251 2 , , , 12299 251 3 Rev. Rev. NNP 12299 252 1 F.S. F.S. NNP 12299 253 1 Investigations investigation NNS 12299 253 2 , , , 12299 253 3 Washington Washington NNP 12299 253 4 , , , 12299 253 5 D.C. D.C. NNP 12299 253 6 , , , 12299 253 7 1912 1912 CD 12299 253 8 , , , 12299 253 9 p. p. NN 12299 254 1 35 35 CD 12299 254 2 . . . 12299 254 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 255 1 Tension tension NN 12299 255 2 at at IN 12299 255 3 right right JJ 12299 255 4 angles angle NNS 12299 255 5 to to IN 12299 255 6 the the DT 12299 255 7 grain grain NN 12299 255 8 is be VBZ 12299 255 9 closely closely RB 12299 255 10 related relate VBN 12299 255 11 to to IN 12299 255 12 cleavability cleavability NN 12299 255 13 . . . 12299 256 1 When when WRB 12299 256 2 wood wood NN 12299 256 3 fails fail VBZ 12299 256 4 in in IN 12299 256 5 this this DT 12299 256 6 manner manner NN 12299 256 7 the the DT 12299 256 8 thin thin JJ 12299 256 9 fibre fibre NN 12299 256 10 walls wall NNS 12299 256 11 are be VBP 12299 256 12 torn tear VBN 12299 256 13 in in IN 12299 256 14 two two CD 12299 256 15 lengthwise lengthwise RB 12299 256 16 while while IN 12299 256 17 the the DT 12299 256 18 thick thick JJ 12299 256 19 - - HYPH 12299 256 20 walled walled JJ 12299 256 21 fibres fibre NNS 12299 256 22 are be VBP 12299 256 23 usually usually RB 12299 256 24 pulled pull VBN 12299 256 25 apart apart RB 12299 256 26 along along IN 12299 256 27 the the DT 12299 256 28 primary primary JJ 12299 256 29 wall wall NN 12299 256 30 . . . 12299 257 1 |--------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 257 2 | | NNP 12299 257 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 257 4 III III NNP 12299 257 5 | | CD 12299 257 6 |--------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 257 7 | | NNP 12299 257 8 TENSILE TENSILE NNP 12299 257 9 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 257 10 AT AT NNP 12299 257 11 RIGHT RIGHT NNP 12299 257 12 ANGLES ANGLES NNP 12299 257 13 TO to IN 12299 257 14 THE the DT 12299 257 15 | | NNP 12299 257 16 | | NNP 12299 257 17 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 257 18 OF of IN 12299 257 19 SMALL small JJ 12299 257 20 CLEAR CLEAR NNP 12299 257 21 PIECES pieces NN 12299 257 22 OF of IN 12299 257 23 25 25 CD 12299 257 24 WOODS WOODS NNP 12299 257 25 IN in IN 12299 257 26 | | CD 12299 257 27 | | NNP 12299 257 28 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 257 29 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 257 30 | | NNP 12299 257 31 | | NNP 12299 257 32 ( ( -LRB- 12299 257 33 Forest Forest NNP 12299 257 34 Service Service NNP 12299 257 35 Cir Cir NNP 12299 257 36 . . . 12299 258 1 213 213 CD 12299 258 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 258 3 | | NNP 12299 258 4 |--------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 258 5 | | NNP 12299 258 6 | | NNP 12299 258 7 When when WRB 12299 258 8 | | NNP 12299 258 9 When when WRB 12299 258 10 | | HYPH 12299 258 11 | | NNP 12299 258 12 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 258 13 NAME NAME NNP 12299 258 14 | | CD 12299 258 15 surface surface NN 12299 258 16 of of IN 12299 258 17 | | CD 12299 258 18 surface surface NN 12299 258 19 of of IN 12299 258 20 | | NNP 12299 258 21 | | CD 12299 258 22 OF OF NNP 12299 258 23 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 258 24 | | NNP 12299 258 25 failure failure NN 12299 258 26 is be VBZ 12299 258 27 | | JJ 12299 258 28 failure failure NN 12299 258 29 is be VBZ 12299 258 30 | | CD 12299 258 31 | | CD 12299 258 32 | | CD 12299 258 33 radial radial JJ 12299 258 34 | | CD 12299 258 35 tangential tangential JJ 12299 258 36 | | NNP 12299 258 37 |------------------+------------+------------| |------------------+------------+------------| NNP 12299 258 38 | | NNP 12299 258 39 | | NNP 12299 258 40 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 258 41 . . . 12299 259 1 per per IN 12299 259 2 | | NNP 12299 259 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 259 4 . . . 12299 260 1 per per IN 12299 260 2 | | NNP 12299 260 3 | | NNP 12299 260 4 | | NNP 12299 260 5 sq sq NN 12299 260 6 . . . 12299 261 1 inch inch NNP 12299 261 2 | | NNP 12299 261 3 sq sq NN 12299 261 4 . . . 12299 262 1 inch inch NNP 12299 262 2 | | NNP 12299 262 3 | | NNP 12299 262 4 | | CD 12299 262 5 | | CD 12299 262 6 | | CD 12299 262 7 | | NNP 12299 262 8 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 262 9 | | NNP 12299 262 10 | | NNP 12299 262 11 | | CD 12299 262 12 | | CD 12299 262 13 | | CD 12299 262 14 | | CD 12299 262 15 | | CD 12299 262 16 | | NNS 12299 262 17 Ash Ash NNP 12299 262 18 , , , 12299 262 19 white white JJ 12299 262 20 | | CD 12299 262 21 645 645 CD 12299 262 22 | | CD 12299 262 23 671 671 CD 12299 262 24 | | CD 12299 262 25 | | CD 12299 262 26 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 262 27 | | NNP 12299 262 28 226 226 CD 12299 262 29 | | CD 12299 262 30 303 303 CD 12299 262 31 | | CD 12299 262 32 | | NNS 12299 262 33 Beech Beech NNP 12299 262 34 | | NNP 12299 262 35 633 633 CD 12299 262 36 | | CD 12299 262 37 969 969 CD 12299 262 38 | | CD 12299 262 39 | | NNP 12299 262 40 Birch Birch NNP 12299 262 41 , , , 12299 262 42 yellow yellow JJ 12299 262 43 | | CD 12299 262 44 446 446 CD 12299 262 45 | | CD 12299 262 46 526 526 CD 12299 262 47 | | NNP 12299 262 48 | | NNS 12299 262 49 Elm Elm NNP 12299 262 50 , , , 12299 262 51 slippery slippery JJ 12299 262 52 | | CD 12299 262 53 765 765 CD 12299 262 54 | | CD 12299 262 55 832 832 CD 12299 262 56 | | CD 12299 262 57 | | CD 12299 262 58 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 262 59 | | NNP 12299 262 60 661 661 CD 12299 262 61 | | CD 12299 262 62 786 786 CD 12299 262 63 | | CD 12299 262 64 | | NNP 12299 262 65 Locust Locust NNP 12299 262 66 , , , 12299 262 67 honey honey NN 12299 262 68 | | NNP 12299 262 69 1,133 1,133 CD 12299 262 70 | | CD 12299 262 71 1,445 1,445 CD 12299 262 72 | | CD 12299 262 73 | | NNP 12299 262 74 Maple Maple NNP 12299 262 75 , , , 12299 262 76 sugar sugar NN 12299 262 77 | | NNP 12299 262 78 610 610 CD 12299 262 79 | | CD 12299 262 80 864 864 CD 12299 262 81 | | CD 12299 262 82 | | NNP 12299 262 83 Oak Oak NNP 12299 262 84 , , , 12299 262 85 post post NNP 12299 262 86 | | NNP 12299 262 87 714 714 CD 12299 262 88 | | NNP 12299 262 89 924 924 CD 12299 262 90 | | CD 12299 262 91 | | CD 12299 262 92 red red JJ 12299 262 93 | | CD 12299 262 94 639 639 CD 12299 262 95 | | CD 12299 262 96 874 874 CD 12299 262 97 | | CD 12299 262 98 | | CD 12299 262 99 swamp swamp NN 12299 262 100 white white JJ 12299 262 101 | | CD 12299 262 102 757 757 CD 12299 262 103 | | CD 12299 262 104 909 909 CD 12299 262 105 | | CD 12299 262 106 | | CD 12299 262 107 white white JJ 12299 262 108 | | CD 12299 262 109 622 622 CD 12299 262 110 | | CD 12299 262 111 749 749 CD 12299 262 112 | | CD 12299 262 113 | | CD 12299 262 114 yellow yellow JJ 12299 262 115 | | CD 12299 262 116 728 728 CD 12299 262 117 | | CD 12299 262 118 929 929 CD 12299 262 119 | | CD 12299 262 120 | | NNP 12299 262 121 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 262 122 | | NNP 12299 262 123 540 540 CD 12299 262 124 | | CD 12299 262 125 781 781 CD 12299 262 126 | | CD 12299 262 127 | | NNP 12299 262 128 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 262 129 | | NNP 12299 262 130 472 472 CD 12299 262 131 | | CD 12299 262 132 796 796 CD 12299 262 133 | | CD 12299 262 134 | | NNP 12299 262 135 | | CD 12299 262 136 | | CD 12299 262 137 | | CD 12299 262 138 | | NNP 12299 262 139 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 262 140 | | NNP 12299 262 141 | | NNP 12299 262 142 | | CD 12299 262 143 | | CD 12299 262 144 | | CD 12299 262 145 | | CD 12299 262 146 | | CD 12299 262 147 | | CD 12299 262 148 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 262 149 ¦ ¦ : 12299 262 150 | | NNP 12299 262 151 241 241 CD 12299 262 152 | | CD 12299 262 153 235 235 CD 12299 262 154 | | CD 12299 262 155 | | NNP 12299 262 156 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 262 157 , , , 12299 262 158 bald bald JJ 12299 262 159 | | CD 12299 262 160 242 242 CD 12299 262 161 | | CD 12299 262 162 251 251 CD 12299 262 163 | | CD 12299 262 164 | | NNP 12299 262 165 Fir Fir NNP 12299 262 166 , , , 12299 262 167 white white JJ 12299 262 168 | | CD 12299 262 169 213 213 CD 12299 262 170 | | CD 12299 262 171 304 304 CD 12299 262 172 | | NNP 12299 262 173 | | NNP 12299 262 174 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 262 175 | | NNP 12299 262 176 271 271 CD 12299 262 177 | | CD 12299 262 178 323 323 CD 12299 262 179 | | NNP 12299 262 180 | | NNP 12299 262 181 Pine Pine NNP 12299 262 182 , , , 12299 262 183 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 262 184 | | CD 12299 262 185 240 240 CD 12299 262 186 | | CD 12299 262 187 298 298 CD 12299 262 188 | | CD 12299 262 189 | | CD 12299 262 190 red red JJ 12299 262 191 | | CD 12299 262 192 179 179 CD 12299 262 193 | | CD 12299 262 194 205 205 CD 12299 262 195 | | CD 12299 262 196 | | CD 12299 262 197 sugar sugar NN 12299 262 198 | | NNP 12299 262 199 239 239 CD 12299 262 200 | | CD 12299 262 201 304 304 CD 12299 262 202 | | CD 12299 262 203 | | CD 12299 262 204 western western JJ 12299 262 205 yellow yellow JJ 12299 262 206 | | CD 12299 262 207 230 230 CD 12299 262 208 | | CD 12299 262 209 252 252 CD 12299 262 210 | | CD 12299 262 211 | | CD 12299 262 212 white white JJ 12299 262 213 | | CD 12299 262 214 225 225 CD 12299 262 215 | | CD 12299 262 216 285 285 CD 12299 262 217 | | CD 12299 262 218 | | NNP 12299 262 219 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 262 220 | | NNP 12299 262 221 236 236 CD 12299 262 222 | | CD 12299 262 223 274 274 CD 12299 262 224 | | CD 12299 262 225 |--------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 262 226 COMPRESSIVE COMPRESSIVE NNP 12299 262 227 OR or CC 12299 262 228 CRUSHING CRUSHING NNP 12299 262 229 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 262 230 ~Compression ~Compression -LRB- 12299 262 231 across across IN 12299 262 232 the the DT 12299 262 233 grain~ grain~ NNP 12299 262 234 is be VBZ 12299 262 235 very very RB 12299 262 236 closely closely RB 12299 262 237 related related JJ 12299 262 238 to to IN 12299 262 239 hardness hardness JJ 12299 262 240 and and CC 12299 262 241 transverse transverse VB 12299 262 242 shear shear NN 12299 262 243 . . . 12299 263 1 There there EX 12299 263 2 are be VBP 12299 263 3 two two CD 12299 263 4 ways way NNS 12299 263 5 in in IN 12299 263 6 which which WDT 12299 263 7 wood wood NN 12299 263 8 is be VBZ 12299 263 9 subjected subject VBN 12299 263 10 to to IN 12299 263 11 stress stress NN 12299 263 12 of of IN 12299 263 13 this this DT 12299 263 14 kind kind NN 12299 263 15 , , , 12299 263 16 namely namely RB 12299 263 17 , , , 12299 263 18 ( ( -LRB- 12299 263 19 1 1 LS 12299 263 20 ) ) -RRB- 12299 263 21 with with IN 12299 263 22 the the DT 12299 263 23 load load NN 12299 263 24 acting act VBG 12299 263 25 over over IN 12299 263 26 the the DT 12299 263 27 entire entire JJ 12299 263 28 area area NN 12299 263 29 of of IN 12299 263 30 the the DT 12299 263 31 specimen speciman NNS 12299 263 32 , , , 12299 263 33 and and CC 12299 263 34 ( ( -LRB- 12299 263 35 2 2 LS 12299 263 36 ) ) -RRB- 12299 263 37 with with IN 12299 263 38 a a DT 12299 263 39 load load NN 12299 263 40 concentrated concentrate VBN 12299 263 41 over over IN 12299 263 42 a a DT 12299 263 43 portion portion NN 12299 263 44 of of IN 12299 263 45 the the DT 12299 263 46 area area NN 12299 263 47 . . . 12299 264 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 264 2 See see VB 12299 264 3 Fig fig NN 12299 264 4 . . . 12299 265 1 2 2 LS 12299 265 2 . . . 12299 265 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 266 1 The the DT 12299 266 2 latter latter NN 12299 266 3 is be VBZ 12299 266 4 the the DT 12299 266 5 condition condition NN 12299 266 6 more more RBR 12299 266 7 commonly commonly RB 12299 266 8 met meet VBN 12299 266 9 with with IN 12299 266 10 in in IN 12299 266 11 practice practice NN 12299 266 12 , , , 12299 266 13 as as IN 12299 266 14 , , , 12299 266 15 for for IN 12299 266 16 example example NN 12299 266 17 , , , 12299 266 18 where where WRB 12299 266 19 a a DT 12299 266 20 post post NN 12299 266 21 rests rest VBZ 12299 266 22 on on IN 12299 266 23 a a DT 12299 266 24 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 266 25 sill sill NN 12299 266 26 , , , 12299 266 27 or or CC 12299 266 28 a a DT 12299 266 29 rail rail NN 12299 266 30 rests rest VBZ 12299 266 31 on on IN 12299 266 32 a a DT 12299 266 33 cross cross JJ 12299 266 34 - - NN 12299 266 35 tie tie NN 12299 266 36 . . . 12299 267 1 The the DT 12299 267 2 former former JJ 12299 267 3 condition condition NN 12299 267 4 , , , 12299 267 5 however however RB 12299 267 6 , , , 12299 267 7 gives give VBZ 12299 267 8 the the DT 12299 267 9 true true JJ 12299 267 10 resistance resistance NN 12299 267 11 of of IN 12299 267 12 the the DT 12299 267 13 grain grain NN 12299 267 14 to to IN 12299 267 15 simple simple JJ 12299 267 16 crushing crushing NN 12299 267 17 . . . 12299 268 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 268 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 268 3 : : : 12299 268 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 268 5 . . . 12299 269 1 2.--Compression 2.--compression CD 12299 269 2 across across IN 12299 269 3 the the DT 12299 269 4 grain grain NN 12299 269 5 . . . 12299 269 6 ] ] -RRB- 12299 270 1 The the DT 12299 270 2 first first JJ 12299 270 3 effect effect NN 12299 270 4 of of IN 12299 270 5 compression compression NN 12299 270 6 across across IN 12299 270 7 the the DT 12299 270 8 grain grain NN 12299 270 9 is be VBZ 12299 270 10 to to TO 12299 270 11 compact compact VB 12299 270 12 the the DT 12299 270 13 fibres fibre NNS 12299 270 14 , , , 12299 270 15 the the DT 12299 270 16 load load NN 12299 270 17 gradually gradually RB 12299 270 18 but but CC 12299 270 19 irregularly irregularly RB 12299 270 20 increasing increase VBG 12299 270 21 as as IN 12299 270 22 the the DT 12299 270 23 density density NN 12299 270 24 of of IN 12299 270 25 the the DT 12299 270 26 material material NN 12299 270 27 is be VBZ 12299 270 28 increased increase VBN 12299 270 29 . . . 12299 271 1 If if IN 12299 271 2 the the DT 12299 271 3 specimen speciman NNS 12299 271 4 lies lie VBZ 12299 271 5 on on IN 12299 271 6 a a DT 12299 271 7 flat flat JJ 12299 271 8 surface surface NN 12299 271 9 and and CC 12299 271 10 the the DT 12299 271 11 load load NN 12299 271 12 is be VBZ 12299 271 13 applied apply VBN 12299 271 14 to to IN 12299 271 15 only only RB 12299 271 16 a a DT 12299 271 17 portion portion NN 12299 271 18 of of IN 12299 271 19 the the DT 12299 271 20 upper upper JJ 12299 271 21 area area NN 12299 271 22 , , , 12299 271 23 the the DT 12299 271 24 bearing bearing NN 12299 271 25 plate plate NN 12299 271 26 indents indent NNS 12299 271 27 the the DT 12299 271 28 wood wood NN 12299 271 29 , , , 12299 271 30 crushing crush VBG 12299 271 31 the the DT 12299 271 32 upper upper JJ 12299 271 33 fibres fibre NNS 12299 271 34 without without IN 12299 271 35 affecting affect VBG 12299 271 36 the the DT 12299 271 37 lower low JJR 12299 271 38 part part NN 12299 271 39 . . . 12299 272 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 272 2 See see VB 12299 272 3 Fig fig NN 12299 272 4 . . . 12299 273 1 3 3 LS 12299 273 2 . . . 12299 273 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 274 1 As as IN 12299 274 2 the the DT 12299 274 3 load load NN 12299 274 4 increases increase VBZ 12299 274 5 the the DT 12299 274 6 projecting projecting NN 12299 274 7 ends end VBZ 12299 274 8 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 274 9 split split VBN 12299 274 10 horizontally horizontally RB 12299 274 11 . . . 12299 275 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 275 2 See see VB 12299 275 3 Fig fig NN 12299 275 4 . . . 12299 276 1 4 4 LS 12299 276 2 . . . 12299 276 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 277 1 The the DT 12299 277 2 irregularities irregularity NNS 12299 277 3 in in IN 12299 277 4 the the DT 12299 277 5 load load NN 12299 277 6 are be VBP 12299 277 7 due due JJ 12299 277 8 to to IN 12299 277 9 the the DT 12299 277 10 fact fact NN 12299 277 11 that that IN 12299 277 12 the the DT 12299 277 13 fibres fibre NNS 12299 277 14 collapse collapse VBP 12299 277 15 a a DT 12299 277 16 few few JJ 12299 277 17 at at IN 12299 277 18 a a DT 12299 277 19 time time NN 12299 277 20 , , , 12299 277 21 beginning begin VBG 12299 277 22 with with IN 12299 277 23 those those DT 12299 277 24 with with IN 12299 277 25 the the DT 12299 277 26 thinnest thin JJS 12299 277 27 walls wall NNS 12299 277 28 . . . 12299 278 1 The the DT 12299 278 2 projection projection NN 12299 278 3 of of IN 12299 278 4 the the DT 12299 278 5 ends end NNS 12299 278 6 increases increase VBZ 12299 278 7 the the DT 12299 278 8 strength strength NN 12299 278 9 of of IN 12299 278 10 the the DT 12299 278 11 material material NN 12299 278 12 directly directly RB 12299 278 13 beneath beneath IN 12299 278 14 the the DT 12299 278 15 compressing compress VBG 12299 278 16 weight weight NN 12299 278 17 by by IN 12299 278 18 introducing introduce VBG 12299 278 19 a a DT 12299 278 20 beam beam NN 12299 278 21 action action NN 12299 278 22 which which WDT 12299 278 23 helps help VBZ 12299 278 24 support support VB 12299 278 25 the the DT 12299 278 26 load load NN 12299 278 27 . . . 12299 279 1 This this DT 12299 279 2 influence influence NN 12299 279 3 is be VBZ 12299 279 4 exerted exert VBN 12299 279 5 for for IN 12299 279 6 a a DT 12299 279 7 short short JJ 12299 279 8 distance distance NN 12299 279 9 only only RB 12299 279 10 . . . 12299 280 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 280 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 280 3 : : : 12299 280 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 280 5 . . . 12299 281 1 3.--Side 3.--side CD 12299 281 2 view view NN 12299 281 3 of of IN 12299 281 4 failures failure NNS 12299 281 5 in in IN 12299 281 6 compression compression NN 12299 281 7 across across IN 12299 281 8 the the DT 12299 281 9 grain grain NN 12299 281 10 , , , 12299 281 11 showing show VBG 12299 281 12 crushing crushing NN 12299 281 13 of of IN 12299 281 14 blocks block NNS 12299 281 15 under under IN 12299 281 16 bearing bear VBG 12299 281 17 plate plate NN 12299 281 18 . . . 12299 282 1 Specimen speciman NNS 12299 282 2 at at IN 12299 282 3 right right NN 12299 282 4 shows show VBZ 12299 282 5 splitting splitting NN 12299 282 6 at at IN 12299 282 7 ends end NNS 12299 282 8 . . . 12299 282 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 283 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 283 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 283 3 : : : 12299 283 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 283 5 . . . 12299 284 1 4.--End 4.--end JJ 12299 284 2 view view NN 12299 284 3 of of IN 12299 284 4 failures failure NNS 12299 284 5 in in IN 12299 284 6 compression compression NN 12299 284 7 across across IN 12299 284 8 the the DT 12299 284 9 grain grain NN 12299 284 10 , , , 12299 284 11 showing show VBG 12299 284 12 splitting splitting NN 12299 284 13 of of IN 12299 284 14 the the DT 12299 284 15 ends end NNS 12299 284 16 of of IN 12299 284 17 the the DT 12299 284 18 test test NN 12299 284 19 specimens specimen NNS 12299 284 20 . . . 12299 284 21 ] ] -RRB- 12299 285 1 When when WRB 12299 285 2 wood wood NN 12299 285 3 is be VBZ 12299 285 4 used use VBN 12299 285 5 for for IN 12299 285 6 columns column NNS 12299 285 7 , , , 12299 285 8 props prop NNS 12299 285 9 , , , 12299 285 10 posts post NNS 12299 285 11 , , , 12299 285 12 and and CC 12299 285 13 spokes spoke NNS 12299 285 14 , , , 12299 285 15 the the DT 12299 285 16 weight weight NN 12299 285 17 of of IN 12299 285 18 the the DT 12299 285 19 load load NN 12299 285 20 tends tend VBZ 12299 285 21 to to TO 12299 285 22 shorten shorten VB 12299 285 23 the the DT 12299 285 24 material material NN 12299 285 25 endwise endwise NN 12299 285 26 . . . 12299 286 1 This this DT 12299 286 2 is be VBZ 12299 286 3 ~endwise ~endwise VBN 12299 286 4 compression~ compression~ NNP 12299 286 5 , , , 12299 286 6 or or CC 12299 286 7 compression compression NN 12299 286 8 parallel parallel NN 12299 286 9 to to IN 12299 286 10 the the DT 12299 286 11 grain grain NN 12299 286 12 . . . 12299 287 1 In in IN 12299 287 2 the the DT 12299 287 3 case case NN 12299 287 4 of of IN 12299 287 5 long long JJ 12299 287 6 columns column NNS 12299 287 7 , , , 12299 287 8 that that RB 12299 287 9 is is RB 12299 287 10 , , , 12299 287 11 pieces piece NNS 12299 287 12 in in IN 12299 287 13 which which WDT 12299 287 14 the the DT 12299 287 15 length length NN 12299 287 16 is be VBZ 12299 287 17 very very RB 12299 287 18 great great JJ 12299 287 19 compared compare VBN 12299 287 20 with with IN 12299 287 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 287 22 diameter diameter NN 12299 287 23 , , , 12299 287 24 the the DT 12299 287 25 failure failure NN 12299 287 26 is be VBZ 12299 287 27 by by IN 12299 287 28 sidewise sidewise NN 12299 287 29 bending bending NN 12299 287 30 or or CC 12299 287 31 flexure flexure NN 12299 287 32 , , , 12299 287 33 instead instead RB 12299 287 34 of of IN 12299 287 35 by by IN 12299 287 36 crushing crush VBG 12299 287 37 or or CC 12299 287 38 splitting splitting NN 12299 287 39 . . . 12299 288 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 288 2 See see VB 12299 288 3 Fig fig NN 12299 288 4 . . . 12299 289 1 5 5 CD 12299 289 2 . . . 12299 289 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 290 1 A a DT 12299 290 2 familiar familiar JJ 12299 290 3 instance instance NN 12299 290 4 of of IN 12299 290 5 this this DT 12299 290 6 action action NN 12299 290 7 is be VBZ 12299 290 8 afforded afford VBN 12299 290 9 by by IN 12299 290 10 a a DT 12299 290 11 flexible flexible JJ 12299 290 12 walking walking NN 12299 290 13 - - HYPH 12299 290 14 stick stick NN 12299 290 15 . . . 12299 291 1 If if IN 12299 291 2 downward downward JJ 12299 291 3 pressure pressure NN 12299 291 4 is be VBZ 12299 291 5 exerted exert VBN 12299 291 6 with with IN 12299 291 7 the the DT 12299 291 8 hand hand NN 12299 291 9 on on IN 12299 291 10 the the DT 12299 291 11 upper upper JJ 12299 291 12 end end NN 12299 291 13 of of IN 12299 291 14 the the DT 12299 291 15 stick stick NN 12299 291 16 placed place VBN 12299 291 17 vertically vertically RB 12299 291 18 on on IN 12299 291 19 the the DT 12299 291 20 floor floor NN 12299 291 21 , , , 12299 291 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 291 23 will will MD 12299 291 24 be be VB 12299 291 25 noted note VBN 12299 291 26 that that IN 12299 291 27 a a DT 12299 291 28 definite definite JJ 12299 291 29 amount amount NN 12299 291 30 of of IN 12299 291 31 force force NN 12299 291 32 must must MD 12299 291 33 be be VB 12299 291 34 applied apply VBN 12299 291 35 in in IN 12299 291 36 each each DT 12299 291 37 instance instance NN 12299 291 38 before before IN 12299 291 39 decided decide VBD 12299 291 40 flexure flexure NN 12299 291 41 takes take VBZ 12299 291 42 place place NN 12299 291 43 . . . 12299 292 1 After after IN 12299 292 2 this this DT 12299 292 3 point point NN 12299 292 4 is be VBZ 12299 292 5 reached reach VBN 12299 292 6 a a DT 12299 292 7 very very RB 12299 292 8 slight slight JJ 12299 292 9 increase increase NN 12299 292 10 of of IN 12299 292 11 pressure pressure NN 12299 292 12 very very RB 12299 292 13 largely largely RB 12299 292 14 increases increase VBZ 12299 292 15 the the DT 12299 292 16 deflection deflection NN 12299 292 17 , , , 12299 292 18 thus thus RB 12299 292 19 obtaining obtain VBG 12299 292 20 so so RB 12299 292 21 great great RB 12299 292 22 a a DT 12299 292 23 leverage leverage NN 12299 292 24 about about IN 12299 292 25 the the DT 12299 292 26 middle middle JJ 12299 292 27 section section NN 12299 292 28 as as IN 12299 292 29 to to TO 12299 292 30 cause cause VB 12299 292 31 rupture rupture NN 12299 292 32 . . . 12299 293 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 293 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 293 3 : : : 12299 293 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 293 5 . . . 12299 294 1 5.--Testing 5.--teste VBG 12299 294 2 a a DT 12299 294 3 buggy buggy NN 12299 294 4 spoke speak VBD 12299 294 5 in in IN 12299 294 6 endwise endwise NN 12299 294 7 compression compression NN 12299 294 8 , , , 12299 294 9 illustrating illustrate VBG 12299 294 10 the the DT 12299 294 11 failure failure NN 12299 294 12 by by IN 12299 294 13 sidewise sidewise NN 12299 294 14 bending bending NN 12299 294 15 of of IN 12299 294 16 a a DT 12299 294 17 long long JJ 12299 294 18 column column NN 12299 294 19 fixed fix VBN 12299 294 20 only only RB 12299 294 21 at at IN 12299 294 22 the the DT 12299 294 23 lower low JJR 12299 294 24 end end NN 12299 294 25 . . . 12299 295 1 _ _ NNP 12299 295 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 295 3 by by IN 12299 295 4 U. U. NNP 12299 295 5 S. S. NNP 12299 295 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 295 7 Service Service NNP 12299 295 8 _ _ NNP 12299 295 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 295 10 The the DT 12299 295 11 lateral lateral JJ 12299 295 12 bending bending NN 12299 295 13 of of IN 12299 295 14 a a DT 12299 295 15 column column NN 12299 295 16 produces produce VBZ 12299 295 17 a a DT 12299 295 18 combination combination NN 12299 295 19 of of IN 12299 295 20 bending bend VBG 12299 295 21 with with IN 12299 295 22 compressive compressive JJ 12299 295 23 stress stress NN 12299 295 24 over over IN 12299 295 25 the the DT 12299 295 26 section section NN 12299 295 27 , , , 12299 295 28 the the DT 12299 295 29 compressive compressive JJ 12299 295 30 stress stress NN 12299 295 31 being be VBG 12299 295 32 maximum maximum JJ 12299 295 33 at at IN 12299 295 34 the the DT 12299 295 35 section section NN 12299 295 36 of of IN 12299 295 37 greatest great JJS 12299 295 38 deflection deflection NN 12299 295 39 on on IN 12299 295 40 the the DT 12299 295 41 concave concave NNP 12299 295 42 side side NN 12299 295 43 . . . 12299 296 1 The the DT 12299 296 2 convex convex NNP 12299 296 3 surface surface NN 12299 296 4 is be VBZ 12299 296 5 under under IN 12299 296 6 tension tension NN 12299 296 7 , , , 12299 296 8 as as IN 12299 296 9 in in IN 12299 296 10 an an DT 12299 296 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 296 12 beam beam NN 12299 296 13 test test NN 12299 296 14 . . . 12299 297 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 297 2 See see VB 12299 297 3 Fig fig NN 12299 297 4 . . . 12299 298 1 6 6 CD 12299 298 2 . . . 12299 298 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 299 1 If if IN 12299 299 2 the the DT 12299 299 3 same same JJ 12299 299 4 stick stick NN 12299 299 5 is be VBZ 12299 299 6 braced brace VBN 12299 299 7 in in IN 12299 299 8 such such PDT 12299 299 9 a a DT 12299 299 10 way way NN 12299 299 11 that that WDT 12299 299 12 flexure flexure NN 12299 299 13 is be VBZ 12299 299 14 prevented prevent VBN 12299 299 15 , , , 12299 299 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 299 17 supporting support VBG 12299 299 18 strength strength NN 12299 299 19 is be VBZ 12299 299 20 increased increase VBN 12299 299 21 enormously enormously RB 12299 299 22 , , , 12299 299 23 since since IN 12299 299 24 the the DT 12299 299 25 compressive compressive JJ 12299 299 26 stress stress NN 12299 299 27 acts act VBZ 12299 299 28 uniformly uniformly RB 12299 299 29 over over IN 12299 299 30 the the DT 12299 299 31 section section NN 12299 299 32 , , , 12299 299 33 and and CC 12299 299 34 failure failure NN 12299 299 35 is be VBZ 12299 299 36 by by IN 12299 299 37 crushing crush VBG 12299 299 38 or or CC 12299 299 39 splitting splitting NN 12299 299 40 , , , 12299 299 41 as as IN 12299 299 42 in in IN 12299 299 43 small small JJ 12299 299 44 blocks block NNS 12299 299 45 . . . 12299 300 1 In in IN 12299 300 2 all all DT 12299 300 3 columns column NNS 12299 300 4 free free JJ 12299 300 5 to to TO 12299 300 6 bend bend VB 12299 300 7 in in IN 12299 300 8 any any DT 12299 300 9 direction direction NN 12299 300 10 the the DT 12299 300 11 deflection deflection NN 12299 300 12 will will MD 12299 300 13 be be VB 12299 300 14 seen see VBN 12299 300 15 in in IN 12299 300 16 the the DT 12299 300 17 direction direction NN 12299 300 18 in in IN 12299 300 19 which which WDT 12299 300 20 the the DT 12299 300 21 column column NN 12299 300 22 is be VBZ 12299 300 23 least least RBS 12299 300 24 stiff stiff JJ 12299 300 25 . . . 12299 301 1 This this DT 12299 301 2 sidewise sidewise NN 12299 301 3 bending bending NN 12299 301 4 can can MD 12299 301 5 be be VB 12299 301 6 overcome overcome VBN 12299 301 7 by by IN 12299 301 8 making make VBG 12299 301 9 pillars pillar NNS 12299 301 10 and and CC 12299 301 11 columns column NNS 12299 301 12 thicker thick JJR 12299 301 13 in in IN 12299 301 14 the the DT 12299 301 15 middle middle NN 12299 301 16 than than IN 12299 301 17 at at IN 12299 301 18 the the DT 12299 301 19 ends end NNS 12299 301 20 , , , 12299 301 21 and and CC 12299 301 22 by by IN 12299 301 23 bracing brace VBG 12299 301 24 studding studding NN 12299 301 25 , , , 12299 301 26 props prop NNS 12299 301 27 , , , 12299 301 28 and and CC 12299 301 29 compression compression NN 12299 301 30 members member NNS 12299 301 31 of of IN 12299 301 32 trusses truss NNS 12299 301 33 . . . 12299 302 1 The the DT 12299 302 2 strength strength NN 12299 302 3 of of IN 12299 302 4 a a DT 12299 302 5 column column NN 12299 302 6 also also RB 12299 302 7 depends depend VBZ 12299 302 8 to to IN 12299 302 9 a a DT 12299 302 10 considerable considerable JJ 12299 302 11 extent extent NN 12299 302 12 upon upon IN 12299 302 13 whether whether IN 12299 302 14 the the DT 12299 302 15 ends end NNS 12299 302 16 are be VBP 12299 302 17 free free JJ 12299 302 18 to to TO 12299 302 19 turn turn VB 12299 302 20 or or CC 12299 302 21 are be VBP 12299 302 22 fixed fix VBN 12299 302 23 . . . 12299 303 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 303 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 303 3 : : : 12299 303 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 303 5 . . . 12299 304 1 6.--Unequal 6.--unequal CD 12299 304 2 distribution distribution NN 12299 304 3 of of IN 12299 304 4 stress stress NN 12299 304 5 in in IN 12299 304 6 a a DT 12299 304 7 long long JJ 12299 304 8 column column NN 12299 304 9 due due JJ 12299 304 10 to to IN 12299 304 11 lateral lateral JJ 12299 304 12 bending bending NN 12299 304 13 . . . 12299 304 14 ] ] -RRB- 12299 305 1 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 305 2 | | NNP 12299 305 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 305 4 IV IV NNP 12299 305 5 | | NNP 12299 305 6 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 305 7 | | NNP 12299 305 8 RESULTS results NN 12299 305 9 OF of IN 12299 305 10 COMPRESSION compression NN 12299 305 11 TESTS TESTS NNP 12299 305 12 ACROSS acros VBD 12299 305 13 THE the DT 12299 305 14 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 305 15 ON on IN 12299 305 16 | | CD 12299 305 17 | | CD 12299 305 18 51 51 CD 12299 305 19 WOODS woods NN 12299 305 20 IN in IN 12299 305 21 GREEN green JJ 12299 305 22 CONDITION condition NN 12299 305 23 , , , 12299 305 24 AND and CC 12299 305 25 COMPARISON COMPARISON NNP 12299 305 26 WITH with IN 12299 305 27 | | CD 12299 305 28 | | NNP 12299 305 29 WHITE WHITE NNP 12299 305 30 OAK OAK NNP 12299 305 31 | | NNP 12299 305 32 | | NNP 12299 305 33 ( ( -LRB- 12299 305 34 U. U. NNP 12299 305 35 S. S. NNP 12299 305 36 Forest Forest NNP 12299 305 37 Service Service NNP 12299 305 38 ) ) -RRB- 12299 305 39 | | NNP 12299 305 40 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 305 41 | | NNP 12299 305 42 | | NNP 12299 305 43 Fibre Fibre NNP 12299 305 44 stress stress NN 12299 305 45 | | NNP 12299 305 46 Fiber Fiber NNP 12299 305 47 stress stress NN 12299 305 48 | | POS 12299 305 49 | | NNP 12299 305 50 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 305 51 NAME NAME NNP 12299 305 52 | | NNP 12299 305 53 at at IN 12299 305 54 elastic elastic JJ 12299 305 55 | | NNP 12299 305 56 in in RP 12299 305 57 per per IN 12299 305 58 cent cent NN 12299 305 59 | | NNP 12299 305 60 | | NNP 12299 305 61 OF OF NNP 12299 305 62 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 305 63 | | CD 12299 305 64 limit limit NN 12299 305 65 | | NNP 12299 305 66 of of IN 12299 305 67 white white NNP 12299 305 68 oak oak NNP 12299 305 69 , , , 12299 305 70 | | NNP 12299 305 71 | | NNP 12299 305 72 | | CD 12299 305 73 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 305 74 | | CD 12299 305 75 or or CC 12299 305 76 853 853 CD 12299 305 77 pounds pound NNS 12299 305 78 | | CD 12299 305 79 | | CD 12299 305 80 | | CD 12299 305 81 to to TO 12299 305 82 grain grain VB 12299 305 83 | | NNP 12299 305 84 per per IN 12299 305 85 sq sq NN 12299 305 86 . . . 12299 306 1 in in IN 12299 306 2 . . . 12299 307 1 | | NNP 12299 307 2 |-----------------------+---------------+---------------| |-----------------------+---------------+---------------| NNP 12299 307 3 | | NNP 12299 307 4 | | NNP 12299 307 5 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 307 6 . . . 12299 308 1 per per IN 12299 308 2 | | NNP 12299 308 3 | | NNP 12299 308 4 | | NNP 12299 308 5 | | CD 12299 308 6 sq sq NN 12299 308 7 . . . 12299 309 1 inch inch NN 12299 309 2 | | NNP 12299 309 3 Per per IN 12299 309 4 cent cent NN 12299 309 5 | | NNP 12299 309 6 | | NNP 12299 309 7 | | CD 12299 309 8 | | CD 12299 309 9 | | CD 12299 309 10 | | NNP 12299 309 11 Osage Osage NNP 12299 309 12 orange orange NN 12299 309 13 | | CD 12299 309 14 2,260 2,260 CD 12299 309 15 | | CD 12299 309 16 265.0 265.0 CD 12299 309 17 | | CD 12299 309 18 | | NNP 12299 309 19 Honey Honey NNP 12299 309 20 locust locust NN 12299 309 21 | | POS 12299 309 22 1,684 1,684 CD 12299 309 23 | | CD 12299 309 24 197.5 197.5 CD 12299 309 25 | | CD 12299 309 26 | | NNP 12299 309 27 Black black JJ 12299 309 28 locust locust NN 12299 309 29 | | POS 12299 309 30 1,426 1,426 CD 12299 309 31 | | CD 12299 309 32 167.2 167.2 CD 12299 309 33 | | CD 12299 309 34 | | NNP 12299 309 35 Post Post NNP 12299 309 36 oak oak NN 12299 309 37 | | NNP 12299 309 38 1,148 1,148 CD 12299 309 39 | | CD 12299 309 40 134.6 134.6 CD 12299 309 41 | | CD 12299 309 42 | | NNP 12299 309 43 Pignut Pignut NNP 12299 309 44 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 45 | | CD 12299 309 46 1,142 1,142 CD 12299 309 47 | | CD 12299 309 48 133.9 133.9 CD 12299 309 49 | | CD 12299 309 50 | | NNP 12299 309 51 Water Water NNP 12299 309 52 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 53 | | CD 12299 309 54 1,088 1,088 CD 12299 309 55 | | CD 12299 309 56 127.5 127.5 CD 12299 309 57 | | CD 12299 309 58 | | NNP 12299 309 59 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 12299 309 60 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 61 | | CD 12299 309 62 1,070 1,070 CD 12299 309 63 | | CD 12299 309 64 125.5 125.5 CD 12299 309 65 | | CD 12299 309 66 | | NNP 12299 309 67 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 12299 309 68 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 69 | | CD 12299 309 70 1,012 1,012 CD 12299 309 71 | | CD 12299 309 72 118.6 118.6 CD 12299 309 73 | | CD 12299 309 74 | | CD 12299 309 75 Big big JJ 12299 309 76 shellbark shellbark NN 12299 309 77 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 78 | | CD 12299 309 79 997 997 CD 12299 309 80 | | CD 12299 309 81 116.9 116.9 CD 12299 309 82 | | CD 12299 309 83 | | NNP 12299 309 84 Bitternut Bitternut NNP 12299 309 85 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 86 | | CD 12299 309 87 986 986 CD 12299 309 88 | | CD 12299 309 89 115.7 115.7 CD 12299 309 90 | | CD 12299 309 91 | | NNP 12299 309 92 Nutmeg Nutmeg NNP 12299 309 93 hickory hickory NN 12299 309 94 | | NNP 12299 309 95 938 938 CD 12299 309 96 | | CD 12299 309 97 110.0 110.0 CD 12299 309 98 | | CD 12299 309 99 | | NNP 12299 309 100 Yellow Yellow NNP 12299 309 101 oak oak NN 12299 309 102 | | CD 12299 309 103 857 857 CD 12299 309 104 | | CD 12299 309 105 100.5 100.5 CD 12299 309 106 | | CD 12299 309 107 | | NNP 12299 309 108 White White NNP 12299 309 109 oak oak NN 12299 309 110 | | NNP 12299 309 111 853 853 CD 12299 309 112 | | CD 12299 309 113 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 309 114 | | CD 12299 309 115 | | NNP 12299 309 116 Bur Bur NNP 12299 309 117 oak oak NN 12299 309 118 | | NNP 12299 309 119 836 836 CD 12299 309 120 | | CD 12299 309 121 98.0 98.0 CD 12299 309 122 | | CD 12299 309 123 | | NNP 12299 309 124 White White NNP 12299 309 125 ash ash NN 12299 309 126 | | NNP 12299 309 127 828 828 CD 12299 309 128 | | CD 12299 309 129 97.1 97.1 CD 12299 309 130 | | CD 12299 309 131 | | NNP 12299 309 132 Red Red NNP 12299 309 133 oak oak NN 12299 309 134 | | NNP 12299 309 135 778 778 CD 12299 309 136 | | CD 12299 309 137 91.2 91.2 CD 12299 309 138 | | CD 12299 309 139 | | NNP 12299 309 140 Sugar Sugar NNP 12299 309 141 maple maple NN 12299 309 142 | | NNP 12299 309 143 742 742 CD 12299 309 144 | | CD 12299 309 145 87.0 87.0 CD 12299 309 146 | | CD 12299 309 147 | | NNP 12299 309 148 Rock Rock NNP 12299 309 149 elm elm NNP 12299 309 150 | | NNP 12299 309 151 696 696 CD 12299 309 152 | | CD 12299 309 153 81.6 81.6 CD 12299 309 154 | | CD 12299 309 155 | | NNS 12299 309 156 Beech Beech NNP 12299 309 157 | | NNP 12299 309 158 607 607 CD 12299 309 159 | | CD 12299 309 160 71.2 71.2 CD 12299 309 161 | | CD 12299 309 162 | | NNP 12299 309 163 Slippery Slippery NNP 12299 309 164 elm elm NNP 12299 309 165 | | NNP 12299 309 166 599 599 CD 12299 309 167 | | CD 12299 309 168 70.2 70.2 CD 12299 309 169 | | CD 12299 309 170 | | NNP 12299 309 171 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 309 172 | | NNP 12299 309 173 578 578 CD 12299 309 174 | | CD 12299 309 175 67.8 67.8 CD 12299 309 176 | | CD 12299 309 177 | | NNP 12299 309 178 Bald Bald NNP 12299 309 179 cypress cypress NN 12299 309 180 | | CD 12299 309 181 548 548 CD 12299 309 182 | | CD 12299 309 183 64.3 64.3 CD 12299 309 184 | | CD 12299 309 185 | | NNP 12299 309 186 Red Red NNP 12299 309 187 maple maple NN 12299 309 188 | | NNP 12299 309 189 531 531 CD 12299 309 190 | | CD 12299 309 191 62.3 62.3 CD 12299 309 192 | | CD 12299 309 193 | | NNP 12299 309 194 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 309 195 | | NNP 12299 309 196 525 525 CD 12299 309 197 | | CD 12299 309 198 61.6 61.6 CD 12299 309 199 | | CD 12299 309 200 | | CD 12299 309 201 Incense Incense NNP 12299 309 202 cedar cedar NN 12299 309 203 | | NNP 12299 309 204 518 518 CD 12299 309 205 | | CD 12299 309 206 60.8 60.8 CD 12299 309 207 | | CD 12299 309 208 | | NNP 12299 309 209 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 309 210 | | NNP 12299 309 211 497 497 CD 12299 309 212 | | CD 12299 309 213 58.3 58.3 CD 12299 309 214 | | CD 12299 309 215 | | NNP 12299 309 216 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 309 217 pine pine NN 12299 309 218 | | NNP 12299 309 219 491 491 CD 12299 309 220 | | CD 12299 309 221 57.6 57.6 CD 12299 309 222 | | CD 12299 309 223 | | NNP 12299 309 224 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 309 225 | | NNP 12299 309 226 480 480 CD 12299 309 227 | | CD 12299 309 228 56.3 56.3 CD 12299 309 229 | | CD 12299 309 230 | | NNP 12299 309 231 Silver Silver NNP 12299 309 232 maple maple NNP 12299 309 233 | | CD 12299 309 234 456 456 CD 12299 309 235 | | CD 12299 309 236 53.5 53.5 CD 12299 309 237 | | CD 12299 309 238 | | NNP 12299 309 239 Yellow Yellow NNP 12299 309 240 birch birch NN 12299 309 241 | | NNP 12299 309 242 454 454 CD 12299 309 243 | | CD 12299 309 244 53.2 53.2 CD 12299 309 245 | | CD 12299 309 246 | | NNP 12299 309 247 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 309 248 | | NNP 12299 309 249 451 451 CD 12299 309 250 | | CD 12299 309 251 52.9 52.9 CD 12299 309 252 | | CD 12299 309 253 | | NNP 12299 309 254 Black Black NNP 12299 309 255 cherry cherry NN 12299 309 256 | | NNP 12299 309 257 444 444 CD 12299 309 258 | | CD 12299 309 259 52.1 52.1 CD 12299 309 260 | | CD 12299 309 261 | | NNP 12299 309 262 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 309 263 | | NNP 12299 309 264 433 433 CD 12299 309 265 | | CD 12299 309 266 50.8 50.8 CD 12299 309 267 | | CD 12299 309 268 | | NNP 12299 309 269 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 309 270 fir fir NN 12299 309 271 | | NNP 12299 309 272 427 427 CD 12299 309 273 | | CD 12299 309 274 50.1 50.1 CD 12299 309 275 | | CD 12299 309 276 | | NNP 12299 309 277 Cucumber Cucumber NNP 12299 309 278 tree tree NN 12299 309 279 | | CD 12299 309 280 408 408 CD 12299 309 281 | | CD 12299 309 282 47.8 47.8 CD 12299 309 283 | | CD 12299 309 284 | | NNP 12299 309 285 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 309 286 pine pine NN 12299 309 287 | | NNP 12299 309 288 400 400 CD 12299 309 289 | | CD 12299 309 290 46.9 46.9 CD 12299 309 291 | | CD 12299 309 292 | | CD 12299 309 293 Red Red NNP 12299 309 294 pine pine NN 12299 309 295 | | NNP 12299 309 296 358 358 CD 12299 309 297 | | CD 12299 309 298 42.0 42.0 CD 12299 309 299 | | CD 12299 309 300 | | NNP 12299 309 301 Sugar Sugar NNP 12299 309 302 pine pine NN 12299 309 303 | | NNP 12299 309 304 353 353 CD 12299 309 305 | | CD 12299 309 306 41.1 41.1 CD 12299 309 307 | | CD 12299 309 308 | | NNP 12299 309 309 White White NNP 12299 309 310 elm elm NNP 12299 309 311 | | NNP 12299 309 312 351 351 CD 12299 309 313 | | CD 12299 309 314 41.2 41.2 CD 12299 309 315 | | CD 12299 309 316 | | CD 12299 309 317 Western western JJ 12299 309 318 yellow yellow JJ 12299 309 319 pine pine NN 12299 309 320 | | NNP 12299 309 321 348 348 CD 12299 309 322 | | CD 12299 309 323 40.8 40.8 CD 12299 309 324 | | CD 12299 309 325 | | NNP 12299 309 326 Lodgepole Lodgepole NNP 12299 309 327 pine pine NN 12299 309 328 | | NNP 12299 309 329 348 348 CD 12299 309 330 | | CD 12299 309 331 40.8 40.8 CD 12299 309 332 | | CD 12299 309 333 | | CD 12299 309 334 Red red JJ 12299 309 335 spruce spruce VB 12299 309 336 | | NNP 12299 309 337 345 345 CD 12299 309 338 | | CD 12299 309 339 40.5 40.5 CD 12299 309 340 | | CD 12299 309 341 | | CD 12299 309 342 White white JJ 12299 309 343 pine pine NN 12299 309 344 | | NNP 12299 309 345 314 314 CD 12299 309 346 | | CD 12299 309 347 36.8 36.8 CD 12299 309 348 | | CD 12299 309 349 | | NNP 12299 309 350 Engelman Engelman NNP 12299 309 351 spruce spruce VB 12299 309 352 | | CD 12299 309 353 290 290 CD 12299 309 354 | | CD 12299 309 355 34.0 34.0 CD 12299 309 356 | | CD 12299 309 357 | | CD 12299 309 358 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 309 359 ¦ ¦ : 12299 309 360 | | CD 12299 309 361 288 288 CD 12299 309 362 | | CD 12299 309 363 33.8 33.8 CD 12299 309 364 | | CD 12299 309 365 | | CD 12299 309 366 Largetooth Largetooth NNP 12299 309 367 aspen aspen NN 12299 309 368 | | CD 12299 309 369 269 269 CD 12299 309 370 | | CD 12299 309 371 31.5 31.5 CD 12299 309 372 | | CD 12299 309 373 | | NNP 12299 309 374 White white JJ 12299 309 375 spruce spruce VB 12299 309 376 | | NNP 12299 309 377 262 262 CD 12299 309 378 | | CD 12299 309 379 30.7 30.7 CD 12299 309 380 | | CD 12299 309 381 | | NNP 12299 309 382 Butternut Butternut NNP 12299 309 383 | | NNP 12299 309 384 258 258 CD 12299 309 385 | | CD 12299 309 386 30.3 30.3 CD 12299 309 387 | | CD 12299 309 388 | | NNP 12299 309 389 Buckeye Buckeye NNP 12299 309 390 ( ( -LRB- 12299 309 391 yellow yellow NNP 12299 309 392 ) ) -RRB- 12299 309 393 | | NNP 12299 309 394 210 210 CD 12299 309 395 | | CD 12299 309 396 24.6 24.6 CD 12299 309 397 | | CD 12299 309 398 | | CD 12299 309 399 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 309 400 | | NNP 12299 309 401 209 209 CD 12299 309 402 | | CD 12299 309 403 24.5 24.5 CD 12299 309 404 | | CD 12299 309 405 | | NNP 12299 309 406 Black Black NNP 12299 309 407 willow willow NN 12299 309 408 | | CD 12299 309 409 193 193 CD 12299 309 410 | | CD 12299 309 411 22.6 22.6 CD 12299 309 412 | | CD 12299 309 413 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 309 414 The the DT 12299 309 415 complexity complexity NN 12299 309 416 of of IN 12299 309 417 the the DT 12299 309 418 computations computation NNS 12299 309 419 depends depend VBZ 12299 309 420 upon upon IN 12299 309 421 the the DT 12299 309 422 way way NN 12299 309 423 in in IN 12299 309 424 which which WDT 12299 309 425 the the DT 12299 309 426 stress stress NN 12299 309 427 is be VBZ 12299 309 428 applied apply VBN 12299 309 429 and and CC 12299 309 430 the the DT 12299 309 431 manner manner NN 12299 309 432 in in IN 12299 309 433 which which WDT 12299 309 434 the the DT 12299 309 435 stick stick NN 12299 309 436 bends bend VBZ 12299 309 437 . . . 12299 310 1 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 12299 310 2 where where WRB 12299 310 3 the the DT 12299 310 4 length length NN 12299 310 5 of of IN 12299 310 6 the the DT 12299 310 7 test test NN 12299 310 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 310 9 is be VBZ 12299 310 10 not not RB 12299 310 11 greater great JJR 12299 310 12 than than IN 12299 310 13 four four CD 12299 310 14 diameters diameter NNS 12299 310 15 and and CC 12299 310 16 the the DT 12299 310 17 ends end NNS 12299 310 18 are be VBP 12299 310 19 squarely squarely RB 12299 310 20 faced face VBN 12299 310 21 ( ( -LRB- 12299 310 22 see see VB 12299 310 23 Fig Fig NNP 12299 310 24 . . . 12299 311 1 7 7 LS 12299 311 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 311 3 , , , 12299 311 4 the the DT 12299 311 5 force force NN 12299 311 6 acts act VBZ 12299 311 7 uniformly uniformly RB 12299 311 8 over over IN 12299 311 9 each each DT 12299 311 10 square square JJ 12299 311 11 inch inch NN 12299 311 12 of of IN 12299 311 13 area area NN 12299 311 14 and and CC 12299 311 15 the the DT 12299 311 16 crushing crush VBG 12299 311 17 strength strength NN 12299 311 18 is be VBZ 12299 311 19 equal equal JJ 12299 311 20 to to IN 12299 311 21 the the DT 12299 311 22 maximum maximum JJ 12299 311 23 load load NN 12299 311 24 ( ( -LRB- 12299 311 25 P p NN 12299 311 26 ) ) -RRB- 12299 311 27 divided divide VBD 12299 311 28 { { -LRB- 12299 311 29 P p NN 12299 311 30 } } -RRB- 12299 311 31 by by IN 12299 311 32 the the DT 12299 311 33 area area NN 12299 311 34 of of IN 12299 311 35 the the DT 12299 311 36 cross cross JJ 12299 311 37 - - NN 12299 311 38 section section JJ 12299 311 39 ( ( -LRB- 12299 311 40 A a NN 12299 311 41 ) ) -RRB- 12299 311 42 . . . 12299 312 1 { { -LRB- 12299 312 2 C C NNP 12299 312 3 = = NFP 12299 312 4 --- --- : 12299 312 5 } } -RRB- 12299 312 6 { { -LRB- 12299 312 7 A a NN 12299 312 8 } } -RRB- 12299 312 9 [ [ -LRB- 12299 312 10 Illustration illustration NN 12299 312 11 : : : 12299 312 12 FIG FIG NNP 12299 312 13 . . . 12299 313 1 7.--Endwise 7.--endwise CD 12299 313 2 compression compression NN 12299 313 3 of of IN 12299 313 4 a a DT 12299 313 5 short short JJ 12299 313 6 column column NN 12299 313 7 . . . 12299 313 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 314 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 314 2 has have VBZ 12299 314 3 been be VBN 12299 314 4 demonstrated[4 demonstrated[4 NNP 12299 314 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 314 6 that that IN 12299 314 7 the the DT 12299 314 8 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 314 9 strength strength NN 12299 314 10 in in IN 12299 314 11 compression compression NN 12299 314 12 parallel parallel NN 12299 314 13 to to IN 12299 314 14 the the DT 12299 314 15 grain grain NN 12299 314 16 is be VBZ 12299 314 17 very very RB 12299 314 18 nearly nearly RB 12299 314 19 the the DT 12299 314 20 same same JJ 12299 314 21 as as IN 12299 314 22 the the DT 12299 314 23 extreme extreme JJ 12299 314 24 fibre fibre NN 12299 314 25 stress stress NN 12299 314 26 at at IN 12299 314 27 the the DT 12299 314 28 elastic elastic JJ 12299 314 29 limit limit NN 12299 314 30 in in IN 12299 314 31 bending bend VBG 12299 314 32 . . . 12299 315 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 315 2 See see VB 12299 315 3 Table table NN 12299 315 4 V. v. NN 12299 315 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 315 6 In in IN 12299 315 7 other other JJ 12299 315 8 words word NNS 12299 315 9 , , , 12299 315 10 the the DT 12299 315 11 transverse transverse JJ 12299 315 12 strength strength NN 12299 315 13 of of IN 12299 315 14 beams beam NNS 12299 315 15 at at IN 12299 315 16 elastic elastic JJ 12299 315 17 limit limit NN 12299 315 18 is be VBZ 12299 315 19 practically practically RB 12299 315 20 equal equal JJ 12299 315 21 to to IN 12299 315 22 the the DT 12299 315 23 compressive compressive JJ 12299 315 24 strength strength NN 12299 315 25 of of IN 12299 315 26 the the DT 12299 315 27 same same JJ 12299 315 28 material material NN 12299 315 29 in in IN 12299 315 30 short short JJ 12299 315 31 columns column NNS 12299 315 32 . . . 12299 316 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 316 2 is be VBZ 12299 316 3 accordingly accordingly RB 12299 316 4 possible possible JJ 12299 316 5 to to TO 12299 316 6 calculate calculate VB 12299 316 7 the the DT 12299 316 8 approximate approximate JJ 12299 316 9 breaking breaking NN 12299 316 10 strength strength NN 12299 316 11 of of IN 12299 316 12 beams beam NNS 12299 316 13 from from IN 12299 316 14 the the DT 12299 316 15 compressive compressive JJ 12299 316 16 strength strength NN 12299 316 17 of of IN 12299 316 18 short short JJ 12299 316 19 columns column NNS 12299 316 20 except except IN 12299 316 21 when when WRB 12299 316 22 the the DT 12299 316 23 wood wood NN 12299 316 24 is be VBZ 12299 316 25 brittle brittle JJ 12299 316 26 . . . 12299 317 1 Since since IN 12299 317 2 tests test NNS 12299 317 3 on on IN 12299 317 4 endwise endwise NN 12299 317 5 compression compression NN 12299 317 6 are be VBP 12299 317 7 simpler simple JJR 12299 317 8 , , , 12299 317 9 easier easy JJR 12299 317 10 to to TO 12299 317 11 make make VB 12299 317 12 , , , 12299 317 13 and and CC 12299 317 14 less less RBR 12299 317 15 expensive expensive JJ 12299 317 16 than than IN 12299 317 17 transverse transverse JJ 12299 317 18 bending bend VBG 12299 317 19 tests test NNS 12299 317 20 , , , 12299 317 21 the the DT 12299 317 22 importance importance NN 12299 317 23 of of IN 12299 317 24 this this DT 12299 317 25 relation relation NN 12299 317 26 is be VBZ 12299 317 27 obvious obvious JJ 12299 317 28 , , , 12299 317 29 though though IN 12299 317 30 it -PRON- PRP 12299 317 31 does do VBZ 12299 317 32 not not RB 12299 317 33 do do VB 12299 317 34 away away RB 12299 317 35 with with IN 12299 317 36 the the DT 12299 317 37 necessity necessity NN 12299 317 38 of of IN 12299 317 39 making make VBG 12299 317 40 beam beam NN 12299 317 41 tests test NNS 12299 317 42 . . . 12299 318 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 318 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 318 3 4 4 CD 12299 318 4 : : : 12299 318 5 See see VB 12299 318 6 Circular circular JJ 12299 318 7 No no NN 12299 318 8 . . . 12299 319 1 18 18 CD 12299 319 2 , , , 12299 319 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 319 4 Division Division NNP 12299 319 5 of of IN 12299 319 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 319 7 : : : 12299 319 8 Progress progress VB 12299 319 9 in in IN 12299 319 10 timber timber NN 12299 319 11 physics physics NN 12299 319 12 , , , 12299 319 13 pp pp NNP 12299 319 14 . . . 12299 320 1 13 13 CD 12299 320 2 - - SYM 12299 320 3 18 18 CD 12299 320 4 ; ; : 12299 320 5 also also RB 12299 320 6 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 12299 320 7 70 70 CD 12299 320 8 , , , 12299 320 9 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 320 10 Forest Forest NNP 12299 320 11 Service Service NNP 12299 320 12 : : : 12299 320 13 Effect effect NN 12299 320 14 of of IN 12299 320 15 moisture moisture NN 12299 320 16 on on IN 12299 320 17 the the DT 12299 320 18 strength strength NN 12299 320 19 and and CC 12299 320 20 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 320 21 of of IN 12299 320 22 wood wood NN 12299 320 23 , , , 12299 320 24 pp pp NNP 12299 320 25 . . . 12299 321 1 42 42 CD 12299 321 2 , , , 12299 321 3 89 89 CD 12299 321 4 - - SYM 12299 321 5 90 90 CD 12299 321 6 . . . 12299 321 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 322 1 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 322 2 | | NNP 12299 322 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 322 4 V V NNP 12299 322 5 | | CD 12299 322 6 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 322 7 | | CD 12299 322 8 RELATION relation NN 12299 322 9 OF of IN 12299 322 10 FIBRE FIBRE NNP 12299 322 11 STRESS STRESS NNP 12299 322 12 AT AT NNP 12299 322 13 ELASTIC ELASTIC NNP 12299 322 14 LIMIT LIMIT NNP 12299 322 15 ( ( -LRB- 12299 322 16 r r NN 12299 322 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 322 18 IN in IN 12299 322 19 BENDING bend VBG 12299 322 20 TO to IN 12299 322 21 THE the DT 12299 322 22 CRUSHING CRUSHING NNP 12299 322 23 | | NNP 12299 322 24 | | NNP 12299 322 25 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 322 26 ( ( -LRB- 12299 322 27 C C NNP 12299 322 28 ) ) -RRB- 12299 322 29 OF of IN 12299 322 30 BLOCKS BLOCKS NNP 12299 322 31 CUT CUT NNP 12299 322 32 THEREFROM THEREFROM NNP 12299 322 33 , , , 12299 322 34 IN in IN 12299 322 35 POUNDS POUNDS NNP 12299 322 36 PER per IN 12299 322 37 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 12299 322 38 INCH INCH NNP 12299 322 39 | | NNP 12299 322 40 | | NNP 12299 322 41 ( ( -LRB- 12299 322 42 Forest Forest NNP 12299 322 43 Service Service NNP 12299 322 44 Bul Bul NNP 12299 322 45 . . . 12299 323 1 70 70 CD 12299 323 2 , , , 12299 323 3 p. p. NN 12299 323 4 90 90 CD 12299 323 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 323 6 | | CD 12299 323 7 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 323 8 | | NNP 12299 323 9 LONGLEAF LONGLEAF NNP 12299 323 10 PINE PINE NNP 12299 323 11 | | NNP 12299 323 12 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 323 13 | | CD 12299 323 14 | | CD 12299 323 15 Soaked soak VBD 12299 323 16 | | NNP 12299 323 17 Green Green NNP 12299 323 18 | | CD 12299 323 19 14 14 CD 12299 323 20 | | CD 12299 323 21 11.5 11.5 CD 12299 323 22 | | CD 12299 323 23 9.5 9.5 CD 12299 323 24 | | CD 12299 323 25 Kiln Kiln NNP 12299 323 26 - - HYPH 12299 323 27 dry dry NNP 12299 323 28 | | HYPH 12299 323 29 | | NNP 12299 323 30 MOISTURE MOISTURE NNP 12299 323 31 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 323 32 | | NNP 12299 323 33 50 50 CD 12299 323 34 per per IN 12299 323 35 | | CD 12299 323 36 23 23 CD 12299 323 37 per per IN 12299 323 38 | | CD 12299 323 39 per per IN 12299 323 40 | | CD 12299 323 41 per per IN 12299 323 42 | | CD 12299 323 43 per per IN 12299 323 44 | | CD 12299 323 45 6.2 6.2 CD 12299 323 46 per per IN 12299 323 47 | | NNP 12299 323 48 | | CD 12299 323 49 | | CD 12299 323 50 cent cent NN 12299 323 51 | | HYPH 12299 323 52 cent cent NN 12299 323 53 | | HYPH 12299 323 54 cent cent NN 12299 323 55 | | HYPH 12299 323 56 cent cent NN 12299 323 57 | | HYPH 12299 323 58 cent cent NN 12299 323 59 | | HYPH 12299 323 60 cent cent NN 12299 323 61 | | NNP 12299 323 62 | | NNP 12299 323 63 -------------------------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+----------| -------------------------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+----------| NN 12299 323 64 | | NNP 12299 323 65 Number Number NNP 12299 323 66 of of IN 12299 323 67 tests test NNS 12299 323 68 averaged average VBD 12299 323 69 | | CD 12299 323 70 5 5 CD 12299 323 71 | | CD 12299 323 72 5 5 CD 12299 323 73 | | CD 12299 323 74 5 5 CD 12299 323 75 | | CD 12299 323 76 5 5 CD 12299 323 77 | | CD 12299 323 78 4 4 CD 12299 323 79 | | CD 12299 323 80 5 5 CD 12299 323 81 | | CD 12299 323 82 | | NNP 12299 323 83 _ _ NNP 12299 323 84 r r NNP 12299 323 85 _ _ NNP 12299 323 86 in in IN 12299 323 87 bending bend VBG 12299 323 88 | | NNP 12299 323 89 4,920 4,920 CD 12299 323 90 | | CD 12299 323 91 5,944 5,944 CD 12299 323 92 | | CD 12299 323 93 6,924 6,924 CD 12299 323 94 | | CD 12299 323 95 7,852 7,852 CD 12299 323 96 | | CD 12299 323 97 9,280 9,280 CD 12299 323 98 | | CD 12299 323 99 11,550 11,550 CD 12299 323 100 | | CD 12299 323 101 | | CD 12299 323 102 _ _ NNP 12299 323 103 C C NNP 12299 323 104 _ _ NNP 12299 323 105 in in IN 12299 323 106 compression compression NN 12299 323 107 | | CD 12299 323 108 4,668 4,668 CD 12299 323 109 | | CD 12299 323 110 5,100 5,100 CD 12299 323 111 | | CD 12299 323 112 6,466 6,466 CD 12299 323 113 | | CD 12299 323 114 7,466 7,466 CD 12299 323 115 | | CD 12299 323 116 8,985 8,985 CD 12299 323 117 | | CD 12299 323 118 10,910 10,910 CD 12299 323 119 | | CD 12299 323 120 | | NNS 12299 323 121 Per Per NNP 12299 323 122 cent cent NN 12299 323 123 _ _ NNP 12299 323 124 r r NNP 12299 323 125 _ _ NNP 12299 323 126 is be VBZ 12299 323 127 in in IN 12299 323 128 | | NNP 12299 323 129 | | NNP 12299 323 130 | | CD 12299 323 131 | | CD 12299 323 132 | | CD 12299 323 133 | | CD 12299 323 134 | | CD 12299 323 135 | | NNS 12299 323 136 excess excess NN 12299 323 137 of of IN 12299 323 138 _ _ NNP 12299 323 139 C C NNP 12299 323 140 _ _ NNP 12299 323 141 | | NNP 12299 323 142 5.5 5.5 CD 12299 323 143 | | CD 12299 323 144 16.5 16.5 CD 12299 323 145 | | CD 12299 323 146 7.1 7.1 CD 12299 323 147 | | CD 12299 323 148 5.2 5.2 CD 12299 323 149 | | CD 12299 323 150 3.3 3.3 CD 12299 323 151 | | CD 12299 323 152 5.9 5.9 CD 12299 323 153 | | CD 12299 323 154 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 323 155 | | NNP 12299 323 156 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 12299 323 157 | | NNP 12299 323 158 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 323 159 | | CD 12299 323 160 | | CD 12299 323 161 Soaked soak VBD 12299 323 162 | | NNP 12299 323 163 Green Green NNP 12299 323 164 | | CD 12299 323 165 10 10 CD 12299 323 166 | | CD 12299 323 167 8.1 8.1 CD 12299 323 168 | | CD 12299 323 169 Kiln Kiln NNP 12299 323 170 - - HYPH 12299 323 171 dry dry NNP 12299 323 172 | | HYPH 12299 323 173 | | NNP 12299 323 174 MOISTURE MOISTURE NNP 12299 323 175 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 323 176 | | NNP 12299 323 177 30 30 CD 12299 323 178 per per IN 12299 323 179 | | CD 12299 323 180 30 30 CD 12299 323 181 per per IN 12299 323 182 | | CD 12299 323 183 per per IN 12299 323 184 | | CD 12299 323 185 per per IN 12299 323 186 | | CD 12299 323 187 3.9 3.9 CD 12299 323 188 per per IN 12299 323 189 | | NNP 12299 323 190 | | NNP 12299 323 191 | | CD 12299 323 192 cent cent NN 12299 323 193 | | HYPH 12299 323 194 cent cent NN 12299 323 195 | | HYPH 12299 323 196 cent cent NN 12299 323 197 | | HYPH 12299 323 198 cent cent NN 12299 323 199 | | HYPH 12299 323 200 cent cent NN 12299 323 201 | | NNP 12299 323 202 |----------------------------------+--------+--------+-------+-------+----------| |----------------------------------+--------+--------+-------+-------+----------| NNP 12299 323 203 | | NNP 12299 323 204 Number Number NNP 12299 323 205 of of IN 12299 323 206 tests test NNS 12299 323 207 averaged average VBD 12299 323 208 | | CD 12299 323 209 5 5 CD 12299 323 210 | | CD 12299 323 211 4 4 CD 12299 323 212 | | CD 12299 323 213 5 5 CD 12299 323 214 | | CD 12299 323 215 3 3 CD 12299 323 216 | | CD 12299 323 217 4 4 CD 12299 323 218 | | CD 12299 323 219 | | NNP 12299 323 220 _ _ NNP 12299 323 221 r r NNP 12299 323 222 _ _ NNP 12299 323 223 in in IN 12299 323 224 bending bend VBG 12299 323 225 | | NNP 12299 323 226 3,002 3,002 CD 12299 323 227 | | CD 12299 323 228 3,362 3,362 CD 12299 323 229 | | CD 12299 323 230 6,458 6,458 CD 12299 323 231 | | CD 12299 323 232 8,400 8,400 CD 12299 323 233 | | CD 12299 323 234 10,170 10,170 CD 12299 323 235 | | CD 12299 323 236 | | NNP 12299 323 237 _ _ NNP 12299 323 238 C C NNP 12299 323 239 _ _ NNP 12299 323 240 in in IN 12299 323 241 compression compression NN 12299 323 242 | | CD 12299 323 243 2,680 2,680 CD 12299 323 244 | | CD 12299 323 245 3,025 3,025 CD 12299 323 246 | | CD 12299 323 247 6,120 6,120 CD 12299 323 248 | | CD 12299 323 249 7,610 7,610 CD 12299 323 250 | | CD 12299 323 251 9,335 9,335 CD 12299 323 252 | | CD 12299 323 253 | | NNS 12299 323 254 Per Per NNP 12299 323 255 cent cent NN 12299 323 256 _ _ NNP 12299 323 257 r r NNP 12299 323 258 _ _ NNP 12299 323 259 | | NNP 12299 323 260 | | NNP 12299 323 261 | | CD 12299 323 262 | | CD 12299 323 263 | | CD 12299 323 264 | | CD 12299 323 265 | | CD 12299 323 266 is be VBZ 12299 323 267 in in IN 12299 323 268 excess excess NN 12299 323 269 of of IN 12299 323 270 _ _ NNP 12299 323 271 C C NNP 12299 323 272 _ _ NNP 12299 323 273 | | NNP 12299 323 274 12.0 12.0 CD 12299 323 275 | | CD 12299 323 276 11.1 11.1 CD 12299 323 277 | | CD 12299 323 278 5.5 5.5 CD 12299 323 279 | | CD 12299 323 280 10.4 10.4 CD 12299 323 281 | | CD 12299 323 282 9.0 9.0 CD 12299 323 283 | | CD 12299 323 284 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NN 12299 323 285 When when WRB 12299 323 286 a a DT 12299 323 287 short short JJ 12299 323 288 column column NN 12299 323 289 is be VBZ 12299 323 290 compressed compress VBN 12299 323 291 until until IN 12299 323 292 it -PRON- PRP 12299 323 293 breaks break VBZ 12299 323 294 , , , 12299 323 295 the the DT 12299 323 296 manner manner NN 12299 323 297 of of IN 12299 323 298 failure failure NN 12299 323 299 depends depend VBZ 12299 323 300 partly partly RB 12299 323 301 upon upon IN 12299 323 302 the the DT 12299 323 303 anatomical anatomical JJ 12299 323 304 structure structure NN 12299 323 305 and and CC 12299 323 306 partly partly RB 12299 323 307 upon upon IN 12299 323 308 the the DT 12299 323 309 degree degree NN 12299 323 310 of of IN 12299 323 311 humidity humidity NN 12299 323 312 of of IN 12299 323 313 the the DT 12299 323 314 wood wood NN 12299 323 315 . . . 12299 324 1 The the DT 12299 324 2 fibres fibre NNS 12299 324 3 ( ( -LRB- 12299 324 4 tracheids tracheid NNS 12299 324 5 in in IN 12299 324 6 conifers conifer NNS 12299 324 7 ) ) -RRB- 12299 324 8 act act VBP 12299 324 9 as as IN 12299 324 10 hollow hollow JJ 12299 324 11 tubes tube NNS 12299 324 12 bound bind VBN 12299 324 13 closely closely RB 12299 324 14 together together RB 12299 324 15 , , , 12299 324 16 and and CC 12299 324 17 in in IN 12299 324 18 giving give VBG 12299 324 19 way way NN 12299 324 20 they -PRON- PRP 12299 324 21 either either CC 12299 324 22 ( ( -LRB- 12299 324 23 1 1 LS 12299 324 24 ) ) -RRB- 12299 324 25 buckle buckle NN 12299 324 26 , , , 12299 324 27 or or CC 12299 324 28 ( ( -LRB- 12299 324 29 2 2 LS 12299 324 30 ) ) -RRB- 12299 324 31 bend bend NN 12299 324 32 . . . 12299 325 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 325 2 5 5 CD 12299 325 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 325 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 325 5 Footnote footnote NN 12299 325 6 5 5 CD 12299 325 7 : : : 12299 325 8 See See NNP 12299 325 9 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 12299 325 10 70 70 CD 12299 325 11 , , , 12299 325 12 _ _ NNP 12299 325 13 op op NN 12299 325 14 . . . 12299 326 1 cit cit NNP 12299 326 2 . . . 12299 326 3 _ _ NNP 12299 326 4 , , , 12299 326 5 p. p. NN 12299 327 1 129 129 CD 12299 327 2 . . . 12299 327 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 328 1 The the DT 12299 328 2 first first JJ 12299 328 3 is be VBZ 12299 328 4 typical typical JJ 12299 328 5 of of IN 12299 328 6 any any DT 12299 328 7 dry dry JJ 12299 328 8 thin thin JJ 12299 328 9 - - HYPH 12299 328 10 walled walled JJ 12299 328 11 cells cell NNS 12299 328 12 , , , 12299 328 13 as as IN 12299 328 14 is be VBZ 12299 328 15 usually usually RB 12299 328 16 the the DT 12299 328 17 case case NN 12299 328 18 in in IN 12299 328 19 seasoned season VBN 12299 328 20 white white JJ 12299 328 21 pine pine NN 12299 328 22 and and CC 12299 328 23 spruce spruce NN 12299 328 24 , , , 12299 328 25 and and CC 12299 328 26 in in IN 12299 328 27 the the DT 12299 328 28 early early JJ 12299 328 29 wood wood NN 12299 328 30 of of IN 12299 328 31 hard hard JJ 12299 328 32 pines pine NNS 12299 328 33 , , , 12299 328 34 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 328 35 , , , 12299 328 36 and and CC 12299 328 37 other other JJ 12299 328 38 species specie NNS 12299 328 39 with with IN 12299 328 40 decided decide VBN 12299 328 41 contrast contrast NN 12299 328 42 between between IN 12299 328 43 the the DT 12299 328 44 two two CD 12299 328 45 portions portion NNS 12299 328 46 of of IN 12299 328 47 the the DT 12299 328 48 growth growth NN 12299 328 49 ring ring NN 12299 328 50 . . . 12299 329 1 As as IN 12299 329 2 a a DT 12299 329 3 rule rule NN 12299 329 4 buckling buckle VBG 12299 329 5 of of IN 12299 329 6 a a DT 12299 329 7 tracheid tracheid NN 12299 329 8 begins begin VBZ 12299 329 9 at at IN 12299 329 10 the the DT 12299 329 11 bordered border VBN 12299 329 12 pits pit NNS 12299 329 13 which which WDT 12299 329 14 form form VBP 12299 329 15 places place NNS 12299 329 16 of of IN 12299 329 17 least least JJS 12299 329 18 resistance resistance NN 12299 329 19 in in IN 12299 329 20 the the DT 12299 329 21 walls wall NNS 12299 329 22 . . . 12299 330 1 In in IN 12299 330 2 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 330 3 such such JJ 12299 330 4 as as IN 12299 330 5 oak oak NN 12299 330 6 , , , 12299 330 7 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 330 8 , , , 12299 330 9 ash ash NN 12299 330 10 , , , 12299 330 11 etc etc FW 12299 330 12 . . FW 12299 330 13 , , , 12299 330 14 buckling buckle VBG 12299 330 15 occurs occur VBZ 12299 330 16 only only RB 12299 330 17 in in IN 12299 330 18 the the DT 12299 330 19 thinnest thinnest RBS 12299 330 20 - - HYPH 12299 330 21 walled wall VBN 12299 330 22 elements element NNS 12299 330 23 , , , 12299 330 24 such such JJ 12299 330 25 as as IN 12299 330 26 the the DT 12299 330 27 vessels vessel NNS 12299 330 28 , , , 12299 330 29 and and CC 12299 330 30 not not RB 12299 330 31 in in IN 12299 330 32 the the DT 12299 330 33 true true JJ 12299 330 34 fibres fibre NNS 12299 330 35 . . . 12299 331 1 According accord VBG 12299 331 2 to to IN 12299 331 3 Jaccard[6 Jaccard[6 NNP 12299 331 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 331 5 the the DT 12299 331 6 folding folding NN 12299 331 7 of of IN 12299 331 8 the the DT 12299 331 9 cells cell NNS 12299 331 10 is be VBZ 12299 331 11 accompanied accompany VBN 12299 331 12 by by IN 12299 331 13 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 331 14 alterations alteration NNS 12299 331 15 of of IN 12299 331 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 331 17 walls wall NNS 12299 331 18 which which WDT 12299 331 19 seem seem VBP 12299 331 20 to to TO 12299 331 21 split split VB 12299 331 22 them -PRON- PRP 12299 331 23 into into IN 12299 331 24 extremely extremely RB 12299 331 25 thin thin JJ 12299 331 26 layers layer NNS 12299 331 27 . . . 12299 332 1 When when WRB 12299 332 2 greatly greatly RB 12299 332 3 magnified magnify VBN 12299 332 4 , , , 12299 332 5 these these DT 12299 332 6 layers layer NNS 12299 332 7 appear appear VBP 12299 332 8 in in IN 12299 332 9 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 332 10 sections section NNS 12299 332 11 as as IN 12299 332 12 delicate delicate JJ 12299 332 13 threads thread NNS 12299 332 14 without without IN 12299 332 15 any any DT 12299 332 16 definite definite JJ 12299 332 17 arrangements arrangement NNS 12299 332 18 , , , 12299 332 19 while while IN 12299 332 20 on on IN 12299 332 21 cross cross NN 12299 332 22 section section NN 12299 332 23 they -PRON- PRP 12299 332 24 appear appear VBP 12299 332 25 as as IN 12299 332 26 numerous numerous JJ 12299 332 27 concentric concentric JJ 12299 332 28 strata strata NN 12299 332 29 . . . 12299 333 1 This this DT 12299 333 2 may may MD 12299 333 3 be be VB 12299 333 4 explained explain VBN 12299 333 5 on on IN 12299 333 6 the the DT 12299 333 7 ground ground NN 12299 333 8 that that IN 12299 333 9 the the DT 12299 333 10 growth growth NN 12299 333 11 of of IN 12299 333 12 a a DT 12299 333 13 fibre fibre NN 12299 333 14 is be VBZ 12299 333 15 by by IN 12299 333 16 successive successive JJ 12299 333 17 layers layer NNS 12299 333 18 which which WDT 12299 333 19 , , , 12299 333 20 under under IN 12299 333 21 the the DT 12299 333 22 influence influence NN 12299 333 23 of of IN 12299 333 24 compression compression NN 12299 333 25 , , , 12299 333 26 are be VBP 12299 333 27 sheared shear VBN 12299 333 28 apart apart RB 12299 333 29 . . . 12299 334 1 This this DT 12299 334 2 is be VBZ 12299 334 3 particularly particularly RB 12299 334 4 the the DT 12299 334 5 case case NN 12299 334 6 with with IN 12299 334 7 thick thick JJ 12299 334 8 - - HYPH 12299 334 9 walled walled JJ 12299 334 10 cells cell NNS 12299 334 11 such such JJ 12299 334 12 as as IN 12299 334 13 are be VBP 12299 334 14 found find VBN 12299 334 15 in in IN 12299 334 16 late late JJ 12299 334 17 wood wood NN 12299 334 18 . . . 12299 335 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 335 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 335 3 6 6 CD 12299 335 4 : : : 12299 335 5 Jaccard Jaccard NNP 12299 335 6 , , , 12299 335 7 P. p. NN 12299 335 8 : : : 12299 335 9 à à NNP 12299 335 10 � � NNP 12299 335 11 tude tude NN 12299 335 12 anatomique anatomique NN 12299 335 13 des des NNP 12299 335 14 bois bois NNP 12299 335 15 comprimà comprimà NNP 12299 335 16 © © NNP 12299 335 17 s s NNP 12299 335 18 . . . 12299 336 1 Mit Mit NNP 12299 336 2 . . . 12299 337 1 d. d. NNP 12299 337 2 Schw Schw NNP 12299 337 3 . . . 12299 338 1 Centralanstalt Centralanstalt NNP 12299 338 2 f.d f.d NNP 12299 338 3 . . . 12299 339 1 forst forst RB 12299 339 2 . . . 12299 340 1 Versuchswesen Versuchswesen NNP 12299 340 2 . . . 12299 341 1 X. X. NNP 12299 342 1 Band Band NNP 12299 342 2 , , , 12299 342 3 1 1 CD 12299 342 4 . . . 12299 343 1 Heft Heft NNP 12299 343 2 . . . 12299 344 1 Zurich Zurich NNP 12299 344 2 , , , 12299 344 3 1910 1910 CD 12299 344 4 , , , 12299 344 5 p. p. NN 12299 345 1 66 66 CD 12299 345 2 . . . 12299 345 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 346 1 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 346 2 | | NNP 12299 346 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 346 4 VI VI NNP 12299 346 5 | | NNP 12299 346 6 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 346 7 | | CD 12299 346 8 RESULTS results NN 12299 346 9 OF of IN 12299 346 10 ENDWISE ENDWISE NNP 12299 346 11 COMPRESSION compression NN 12299 346 12 TESTS test NNS 12299 346 13 ON on IN 12299 346 14 SMALL SMALL NNP 12299 346 15 CLEAR CLEAR NNP 12299 346 16 | | HYPH 12299 346 17 | | NNS 12299 346 18 PIECES pieces NN 12299 346 19 OF of IN 12299 346 20 40 40 CD 12299 346 21 WOODS woods NN 12299 346 22 IN in IN 12299 346 23 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 346 24 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 346 25 | | NNP 12299 346 26 | | NNP 12299 346 27 ( ( -LRB- 12299 346 28 Forest Forest NNP 12299 346 29 Service Service NNP 12299 346 30 Cir Cir NNP 12299 346 31 . . . 12299 347 1 213 213 CD 12299 347 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 347 3 | | NNP 12299 347 4 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 347 5 | | NNP 12299 347 6 | | NNP 12299 347 7 Fibre Fibre NNP 12299 347 8 | | NNP 12299 347 9 | | NNP 12299 347 10 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 347 11 | | NNP 12299 347 12 | | NNP 12299 347 13 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 347 14 NAME NAME NNP 12299 347 15 | | CD 12299 347 16 stress stress NN 12299 347 17 at at IN 12299 347 18 | | NNP 12299 347 19 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 347 20 | | NNP 12299 347 21 of of IN 12299 347 22 | | CD 12299 347 23 | | CD 12299 347 24 OF OF NNP 12299 347 25 SPECIES species JJ 12299 347 26 | | CD 12299 347 27 elastic elastic JJ 12299 347 28 | | HYPH 12299 347 29 strength strength NN 12299 347 30 | | CD 12299 347 31 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 347 32 | | CD 12299 347 33 | | CD 12299 347 34 | | CD 12299 347 35 limit limit NN 12299 347 36 | | NNP 12299 347 37 | | NNP 12299 347 38 | | CD 12299 347 39 |-------------------+-----------+----------+------------| |-------------------+-----------+----------+------------| NNP 12299 347 40 | | CD 12299 347 41 | | NNP 12299 347 42 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 347 43 . . . 12299 348 1 per per IN 12299 348 2 | | NNP 12299 348 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 348 4 . . . 12299 349 1 per per IN 12299 349 2 | | NNP 12299 349 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 349 4 . . . 12299 350 1 per per IN 12299 350 2 | | NNP 12299 350 3 | | NNP 12299 350 4 | | NNP 12299 350 5 sq sq NN 12299 350 6 . . . 12299 351 1 inch inch NNP 12299 351 2 | | NNP 12299 351 3 sq sq NN 12299 351 4 . . . 12299 352 1 inch inch NNP 12299 352 2 | | NNP 12299 352 3 sq sq NN 12299 352 4 . . . 12299 353 1 inch inch NNP 12299 353 2 | | NNP 12299 353 3 | | NNP 12299 353 4 | | CD 12299 353 5 | | CD 12299 353 6 | | CD 12299 353 7 | | CD 12299 353 8 | | NNP 12299 353 9 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 353 10 | | NNP 12299 353 11 | | NNP 12299 353 12 | | CD 12299 353 13 | | CD 12299 353 14 | | CD 12299 353 15 | | CD 12299 353 16 | | CD 12299 353 17 | | CD 12299 353 18 | | CD 12299 353 19 | | NNS 12299 353 20 Ash Ash NNP 12299 353 21 , , , 12299 353 22 white white JJ 12299 353 23 | | CD 12299 353 24 3,510 3,510 CD 12299 353 25 | | CD 12299 353 26 4,220 4,220 CD 12299 353 27 | | CD 12299 353 28 1,531,000 1,531,000 CD 12299 353 29 | | CD 12299 353 30 | | CD 12299 353 31 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 353 32 | | NNP 12299 353 33 780 780 CD 12299 353 34 | | CD 12299 353 35 1,820 1,820 CD 12299 353 36 | | CD 12299 353 37 1,016,000 1,016,000 CD 12299 353 38 | | CD 12299 353 39 | | NNS 12299 353 40 Beech Beech NNP 12299 353 41 | | NNP 12299 353 42 2,770 2,770 CD 12299 353 43 | | CD 12299 353 44 3,480 3,480 CD 12299 353 45 | | CD 12299 353 46 1,412,000 1,412,000 CD 12299 353 47 | | CD 12299 353 48 | | NNP 12299 353 49 Birch Birch NNP 12299 353 50 , , , 12299 353 51 yellow yellow JJ 12299 353 52 | | CD 12299 353 53 2,570 2,570 CD 12299 353 54 | | CD 12299 353 55 3,400 3,400 CD 12299 353 56 | | CD 12299 353 57 1,915,000 1,915,000 CD 12299 353 58 | | CD 12299 353 59 | | NNS 12299 353 60 Elm elm NN 12299 353 61 , , , 12299 353 62 slippery slippery JJ 12299 353 63 | | CD 12299 353 64 3,410 3,410 CD 12299 353 65 | | CD 12299 353 66 3,990 3,990 CD 12299 353 67 | | CD 12299 353 68 1,453,000 1,453,000 CD 12299 353 69 | | CD 12299 353 70 | | CD 12299 353 71 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 353 72 | | NNP 12299 353 73 2,730 2,730 CD 12299 353 74 | | CD 12299 353 75 3,310 3,310 CD 12299 353 76 | | CD 12299 353 77 1,068,000 1,068,000 CD 12299 353 78 | | CD 12299 353 79 | | NNS 12299 353 80 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 353 81 , , , 12299 353 82 | | NNP 12299 353 83 | | CD 12299 353 84 | | CD 12299 353 85 | | CD 12299 353 86 | | CD 12299 353 87 big big JJ 12299 353 88 shellbark shellbark NN 12299 353 89 | | CD 12299 353 90 3,570 3,570 CD 12299 353 91 | | CD 12299 353 92 4,520 4,520 CD 12299 353 93 | | CD 12299 353 94 1,658,000 1,658,000 CD 12299 353 95 | | CD 12299 353 96 | | NNP 12299 353 97 bitternut bitternut NN 12299 353 98 | | POS 12299 353 99 4,330 4,330 CD 12299 353 100 | | CD 12299 353 101 4,570 4,570 CD 12299 353 102 | | CD 12299 353 103 1,616,000 1,616,000 CD 12299 353 104 | | CD 12299 353 105 | | CD 12299 353 106 mockernut mockernut NN 12299 353 107 | | NNP 12299 353 108 3,990 3,990 CD 12299 353 109 | | CD 12299 353 110 4,320 4,320 CD 12299 353 111 | | CD 12299 353 112 1,359,000 1,359,000 CD 12299 353 113 | | CD 12299 353 114 | | CD 12299 353 115 nutmeg nutmeg NN 12299 353 116 | | CD 12299 353 117 3,620 3,620 CD 12299 353 118 | | CD 12299 353 119 3,980 3,980 CD 12299 353 120 | | CD 12299 353 121 1,411,000 1,411,000 CD 12299 353 122 | | CD 12299 353 123 | | NNP 12299 353 124 pignut pignut NN 12299 353 125 | | CD 12299 353 126 3,520 3,520 CD 12299 353 127 | | CD 12299 353 128 4,820 4,820 CD 12299 353 129 | | CD 12299 353 130 1,980,000 1,980,000 CD 12299 353 131 | | CD 12299 353 132 | | CD 12299 353 133 shagbark shagbark NN 12299 353 134 | | CD 12299 353 135 3,730 3,730 CD 12299 353 136 | | CD 12299 353 137 4,600 4,600 CD 12299 353 138 | | CD 12299 353 139 1,943,000 1,943,000 CD 12299 353 140 | | CD 12299 353 141 | | CD 12299 353 142 water water NN 12299 353 143 | | CD 12299 353 144 3,240 3,240 CD 12299 353 145 | | CD 12299 353 146 4,660 4,660 CD 12299 353 147 | | CD 12299 353 148 1,926,000 1,926,000 CD 12299 353 149 | | CD 12299 353 150 | | NNP 12299 353 151 Locust Locust NNP 12299 353 152 , , , 12299 353 153 honey honey NN 12299 353 154 | | NNP 12299 353 155 4,300 4,300 CD 12299 353 156 | | CD 12299 353 157 4,970 4,970 CD 12299 353 158 | | CD 12299 353 159 1,536,000 1,536,000 CD 12299 353 160 | | CD 12299 353 161 | | NNS 12299 353 162 Maple Maple NNP 12299 353 163 , , , 12299 353 164 sugar sugar NN 12299 353 165 | | NNP 12299 353 166 3,040 3,040 CD 12299 353 167 | | CD 12299 353 168 3,670 3,670 CD 12299 353 169 | | CD 12299 353 170 1,463,000 1,463,000 CD 12299 353 171 | | CD 12299 353 172 | | NNS 12299 353 173 Oak Oak NNP 12299 353 174 , , , 12299 353 175 post post NNP 12299 353 176 | | NNP 12299 353 177 2,780 2,780 CD 12299 353 178 | | CD 12299 353 179 3,330 3,330 CD 12299 353 180 | | CD 12299 353 181 1,062,000 1,062,000 CD 12299 353 182 | | CD 12299 353 183 | | CD 12299 353 184 red red JJ 12299 353 185 | | CD 12299 353 186 2,290 2,290 CD 12299 353 187 | | CD 12299 353 188 3,210 3,210 CD 12299 353 189 | | CD 12299 353 190 1,295,000 1,295,000 CD 12299 353 191 | | CD 12299 353 192 | | CD 12299 353 193 swamp swamp NN 12299 353 194 white white JJ 12299 353 195 | | CD 12299 353 196 3,470 3,470 CD 12299 353 197 | | CD 12299 353 198 4,360 4,360 CD 12299 353 199 | | CD 12299 353 200 1,489,000 1,489,000 CD 12299 353 201 | | CD 12299 353 202 | | CD 12299 353 203 white white JJ 12299 353 204 | | CD 12299 353 205 2,400 2,400 CD 12299 353 206 | | CD 12299 353 207 3,520 3,520 CD 12299 353 208 | | CD 12299 353 209 946,000 946,000 CD 12299 353 210 | | CD 12299 353 211 | | CD 12299 353 212 yellow yellow JJ 12299 353 213 | | CD 12299 353 214 2,870 2,870 CD 12299 353 215 | | CD 12299 353 216 3,700 3,700 CD 12299 353 217 | | CD 12299 353 218 1,465,000 1,465,000 CD 12299 353 219 | | CD 12299 353 220 | | NNP 12299 353 221 Osage Osage NNP 12299 353 222 orange orange NN 12299 353 223 | | CD 12299 353 224 3,980 3,980 CD 12299 353 225 | | CD 12299 353 226 5,810 5,810 CD 12299 353 227 | | CD 12299 353 228 1,331,000 1,331,000 CD 12299 353 229 | | CD 12299 353 230 | | NNP 12299 353 231 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 353 232 | | NNP 12299 353 233 2,320 2,320 CD 12299 353 234 | | CD 12299 353 235 2,790 2,790 CD 12299 353 236 | | CD 12299 353 237 1,073,000 1,073,000 CD 12299 353 238 | | CD 12299 353 239 | | NNP 12299 353 240 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 353 241 | | NNP 12299 353 242 2,280 2,280 CD 12299 353 243 | | CD 12299 353 244 3,550 3,550 CD 12299 353 245 | | CD 12299 353 246 1,280,000 1,280,000 CD 12299 353 247 | | CD 12299 353 248 | | CD 12299 353 249 | | CD 12299 353 250 | | CD 12299 353 251 | | CD 12299 353 252 | | CD 12299 353 253 | | NNP 12299 353 254 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 353 255 | | NNP 12299 353 256 | | NNP 12299 353 257 | | CD 12299 353 258 | | CD 12299 353 259 | | CD 12299 353 260 | | CD 12299 353 261 | | CD 12299 353 262 | | CD 12299 353 263 | | CD 12299 353 264 | | CD 12299 353 265 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 353 266 ¦ ¦ : 12299 353 267 | | CD 12299 353 268 1,420 1,420 CD 12299 353 269 | | CD 12299 353 270 1,990 1,990 CD 12299 353 271 | | CD 12299 353 272 754,000 754,000 CD 12299 353 273 | | CD 12299 353 274 | | NNP 12299 353 275 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 353 276 , , , 12299 353 277 incense incense NN 12299 353 278 | | CD 12299 353 279 2,710 2,710 CD 12299 353 280 | | CD 12299 353 281 3,030 3,030 CD 12299 353 282 | | CD 12299 353 283 868,000 868,000 CD 12299 353 284 | | CD 12299 353 285 | | NNP 12299 353 286 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 353 287 , , , 12299 353 288 bald bald JJ 12299 353 289 | | POS 12299 353 290 3,560 3,560 CD 12299 353 291 | | CD 12299 353 292 3,960 3,960 CD 12299 353 293 | | CD 12299 353 294 1,738,000 1,738,000 CD 12299 353 295 | | CD 12299 353 296 | | NNP 12299 353 297 Fir Fir NNP 12299 353 298 , , , 12299 353 299 alpine alpine NN 12299 353 300 | | NNP 12299 353 301 1,660 1,660 CD 12299 353 302 | | CD 12299 353 303 2,060 2,060 CD 12299 353 304 | | CD 12299 353 305 882,000 882,000 CD 12299 353 306 | | CD 12299 353 307 | | CD 12299 353 308 amabilis amabilis NN 12299 353 309 | | CD 12299 353 310 2,763 2,763 CD 12299 353 311 | | CD 12299 353 312 3,040 3,040 CD 12299 353 313 | | CD 12299 353 314 1,579,000 1,579,000 CD 12299 353 315 | | CD 12299 353 316 | | NNP 12299 353 317 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 353 318 | | POS 12299 353 319 2,390 2,390 CD 12299 353 320 | | CD 12299 353 321 2,920 2,920 CD 12299 353 322 | | CD 12299 353 323 1,440,000 1,440,000 CD 12299 353 324 | | CD 12299 353 325 | | CD 12299 353 326 white white JJ 12299 353 327 | | CD 12299 353 328 2,610 2,610 CD 12299 353 329 | | CD 12299 353 330 2,800 2,800 CD 12299 353 331 | | CD 12299 353 332 1,332,000 1,332,000 CD 12299 353 333 | | CD 12299 353 334 | | NNP 12299 353 335 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 353 336 | | NNP 12299 353 337 2,110 2,110 CD 12299 353 338 | | CD 12299 353 339 2,750 2,750 CD 12299 353 340 | | CD 12299 353 341 1,054,000 1,054,000 CD 12299 353 342 | | CD 12299 353 343 | | NNP 12299 353 344 Pine Pine NNP 12299 353 345 , , , 12299 353 346 lodgepole lodgepole NN 12299 353 347 | | NNP 12299 353 348 2,290 2,290 CD 12299 353 349 | | CD 12299 353 350 2,530 2,530 CD 12299 353 351 | | CD 12299 353 352 1,219,000 1,219,000 CD 12299 353 353 | | CD 12299 353 354 | | CD 12299 353 355 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 353 356 | | CD 12299 353 357 3,420 3,420 CD 12299 353 358 | | CD 12299 353 359 4,280 4,280 CD 12299 353 360 | | CD 12299 353 361 1,890,000 1,890,000 CD 12299 353 362 | | CD 12299 353 363 | | CD 12299 353 364 red red JJ 12299 353 365 | | CD 12299 353 366 2,470 2,470 CD 12299 353 367 | | CD 12299 353 368 3,080 3,080 CD 12299 353 369 | | CD 12299 353 370 1,646,000 1,646,000 CD 12299 353 371 | | CD 12299 353 372 | | CD 12299 353 373 sugar sugar NN 12299 353 374 | | NNP 12299 353 375 2,340 2,340 CD 12299 353 376 | | CD 12299 353 377 2,600 2,600 CD 12299 353 378 | | CD 12299 353 379 1,029,000 1,029,000 CD 12299 353 380 | | CD 12299 353 381 | | CD 12299 353 382 western western JJ 12299 353 383 yellow yellow JJ 12299 353 384 | | CD 12299 353 385 2,100 2,100 CD 12299 353 386 | | CD 12299 353 387 2,420 2,420 CD 12299 353 388 | | CD 12299 353 389 1,271,000 1,271,000 CD 12299 353 390 | | CD 12299 353 391 | | CD 12299 353 392 white white JJ 12299 353 393 | | CD 12299 353 394 2,370 2,370 CD 12299 353 395 | | CD 12299 353 396 2,720 2,720 CD 12299 353 397 | | CD 12299 353 398 1,318,000 1,318,000 CD 12299 353 399 | | CD 12299 353 400 | | CD 12299 353 401 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 353 402 | | CD 12299 353 403 3,420 3,420 CD 12299 353 404 | | CD 12299 353 405 3,820 3,820 CD 12299 353 406 | | CD 12299 353 407 1,175,000 1,175,000 CD 12299 353 408 | | CD 12299 353 409 | | NNS 12299 353 410 Spruce spruce NN 12299 353 411 , , , 12299 353 412 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 353 413 | | CD 12299 353 414 1,880 1,880 CD 12299 353 415 | | CD 12299 353 416 2,170 2,170 CD 12299 353 417 | | CD 12299 353 418 1,021,000 1,021,000 CD 12299 353 419 | | CD 12299 353 420 | | CD 12299 353 421 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 353 422 | | CD 12299 353 423 3,010 3,010 CD 12299 353 424 | | CD 12299 353 425 3,480 3,480 CD 12299 353 426 | | CD 12299 353 427 1,596,000 1,596,000 CD 12299 353 428 | | CD 12299 353 429 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNS 12299 353 430 The the DT 12299 353 431 second second JJ 12299 353 432 case case NN 12299 353 433 , , , 12299 353 434 where where WRB 12299 353 435 the the DT 12299 353 436 fibres fibre NNS 12299 353 437 bend bend VBP 12299 353 438 with with IN 12299 353 439 more more RBR 12299 353 440 or or CC 12299 353 441 less less RBR 12299 353 442 regular regular JJ 12299 353 443 curves curve NNS 12299 353 444 instead instead RB 12299 353 445 of of IN 12299 353 446 buckling buckle VBG 12299 353 447 , , , 12299 353 448 is be VBZ 12299 353 449 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 353 450 of of IN 12299 353 451 any any DT 12299 353 452 green green JJ 12299 353 453 or or CC 12299 353 454 wet wet JJ 12299 353 455 wood wood NN 12299 353 456 , , , 12299 353 457 and and CC 12299 353 458 in in IN 12299 353 459 dry dry JJ 12299 353 460 woods wood NNS 12299 353 461 where where WRB 12299 353 462 the the DT 12299 353 463 fibres fibre NNS 12299 353 464 are be VBP 12299 353 465 thick thick JJ 12299 353 466 - - HYPH 12299 353 467 walled walled JJ 12299 353 468 . . . 12299 354 1 In in IN 12299 354 2 woods wood NNS 12299 354 3 in in IN 12299 354 4 which which WDT 12299 354 5 the the DT 12299 354 6 fibre fibre NN 12299 354 7 walls wall NNS 12299 354 8 show show VBP 12299 354 9 all all DT 12299 354 10 gradations gradation NNS 12299 354 11 of of IN 12299 354 12 thickness thickness NN 12299 354 13 -- -- : 12299 354 14 in in IN 12299 354 15 other other JJ 12299 354 16 words word NNS 12299 354 17 , , , 12299 354 18 where where WRB 12299 354 19 the the DT 12299 354 20 transition transition NN 12299 354 21 from from IN 12299 354 22 the the DT 12299 354 23 thin thin JJ 12299 354 24 - - HYPH 12299 354 25 walled walled JJ 12299 354 26 cells cell NNS 12299 354 27 of of IN 12299 354 28 the the DT 12299 354 29 early early JJ 12299 354 30 wood wood NN 12299 354 31 to to IN 12299 354 32 the the DT 12299 354 33 thick thick JJ 12299 354 34 - - HYPH 12299 354 35 walled walled JJ 12299 354 36 cells cell NNS 12299 354 37 of of IN 12299 354 38 the the DT 12299 354 39 late late JJ 12299 354 40 wood wood NN 12299 354 41 is be VBZ 12299 354 42 gradual gradual JJ 12299 354 43 -- -- : 12299 354 44 the the DT 12299 354 45 two two CD 12299 354 46 kinds kind NNS 12299 354 47 of of IN 12299 354 48 failure failure NN 12299 354 49 , , , 12299 354 50 namely namely RB 12299 354 51 , , , 12299 354 52 buckling buckle VBG 12299 354 53 and and CC 12299 354 54 bending bend VBG 12299 354 55 , , , 12299 354 56 grade grade NN 12299 354 57 into into IN 12299 354 58 each each DT 12299 354 59 other other JJ 12299 354 60 . . . 12299 355 1 In in IN 12299 355 2 woods wood NNS 12299 355 3 with with IN 12299 355 4 very very RB 12299 355 5 decided decide VBN 12299 355 6 contrast contrast NN 12299 355 7 between between IN 12299 355 8 early early JJ 12299 355 9 and and CC 12299 355 10 late late JJ 12299 355 11 wood wood NN 12299 355 12 the the DT 12299 355 13 two two CD 12299 355 14 forms form NNS 12299 355 15 are be VBP 12299 355 16 usually usually RB 12299 355 17 distinct distinct JJ 12299 355 18 . . . 12299 356 1 Except except IN 12299 356 2 in in IN 12299 356 3 the the DT 12299 356 4 case case NN 12299 356 5 of of IN 12299 356 6 complete complete JJ 12299 356 7 failure failure NN 12299 356 8 the the DT 12299 356 9 cavity cavity NN 12299 356 10 of of IN 12299 356 11 the the DT 12299 356 12 deformed deform VBN 12299 356 13 cells cell NNS 12299 356 14 remains remain VBZ 12299 356 15 open open JJ 12299 356 16 , , , 12299 356 17 and and CC 12299 356 18 in in IN 12299 356 19 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 356 20 this this DT 12299 356 21 is be VBZ 12299 356 22 true true JJ 12299 356 23 not not RB 12299 356 24 only only RB 12299 356 25 of of IN 12299 356 26 the the DT 12299 356 27 wood wood NN 12299 356 28 fibres fibre NNS 12299 356 29 but but CC 12299 356 30 also also RB 12299 356 31 of of IN 12299 356 32 the the DT 12299 356 33 tube tube NN 12299 356 34 - - HYPH 12299 356 35 like like JJ 12299 356 36 vessels vessel NNS 12299 356 37 . . . 12299 357 1 In in IN 12299 357 2 many many JJ 12299 357 3 cases case NNS 12299 357 4 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 357 5 splits split NNS 12299 357 6 occur occur VB 12299 357 7 which which WDT 12299 357 8 isolate isolate VBP 12299 357 9 bundles bundle NNS 12299 357 10 of of IN 12299 357 11 elements element NNS 12299 357 12 by by IN 12299 357 13 greater great JJR 12299 357 14 or or CC 12299 357 15 less less JJR 12299 357 16 intervals interval NNS 12299 357 17 . . . 12299 358 1 The the DT 12299 358 2 splitting splitting NN 12299 358 3 occurs occur VBZ 12299 358 4 by by IN 12299 358 5 a a DT 12299 358 6 tearing tearing NN 12299 358 7 of of IN 12299 358 8 the the DT 12299 358 9 fibres fibre NNS 12299 358 10 or or CC 12299 358 11 rays ray NNS 12299 358 12 and and CC 12299 358 13 not not RB 12299 358 14 by by IN 12299 358 15 the the DT 12299 358 16 separation separation NN 12299 358 17 of of IN 12299 358 18 the the DT 12299 358 19 rays ray NNS 12299 358 20 from from IN 12299 358 21 the the DT 12299 358 22 adjacent adjacent JJ 12299 358 23 elements element NNS 12299 358 24 . . . 12299 359 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 359 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 359 3 : : : 12299 359 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 359 5 . . . 12299 360 1 8.--Failures 8.--failures CD 12299 360 2 of of IN 12299 360 3 short short JJ 12299 360 4 columns column NNS 12299 360 5 of of IN 12299 360 6 green green JJ 12299 360 7 spruce spruce NN 12299 360 8 . . . 12299 360 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 361 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 361 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 361 3 : : : 12299 361 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 361 5 . . . 12299 362 1 9.--Failures 9.--failure NNS 12299 362 2 of of IN 12299 362 3 short short JJ 12299 362 4 columns column NNS 12299 362 5 of of IN 12299 362 6 dry dry JJ 12299 362 7 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 362 8 . . . 12299 362 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 363 1 Moisture moisture NN 12299 363 2 in in IN 12299 363 3 wood wood NN 12299 363 4 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 363 5 the the DT 12299 363 6 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 363 7 of of IN 12299 363 8 the the DT 12299 363 9 fibre fibre NN 12299 363 10 walls wall NNS 12299 363 11 and and CC 12299 363 12 enlarges enlarge VBZ 12299 363 13 the the DT 12299 363 14 region region NN 12299 363 15 of of IN 12299 363 16 failure failure NN 12299 363 17 . . . 12299 364 1 The the DT 12299 364 2 curve curve NN 12299 364 3 which which WDT 12299 364 4 the the DT 12299 364 5 fibre fibre NN 12299 364 6 walls wall NNS 12299 364 7 make make VBP 12299 364 8 in in IN 12299 364 9 the the DT 12299 364 10 region region NN 12299 364 11 of of IN 12299 364 12 failure failure NN 12299 364 13 is be VBZ 12299 364 14 more more RBR 12299 364 15 gradual gradual JJ 12299 364 16 and and CC 12299 364 17 also also RB 12299 364 18 more more RBR 12299 364 19 irregular irregular JJ 12299 364 20 than than IN 12299 364 21 in in IN 12299 364 22 dry dry JJ 12299 364 23 wood wood NN 12299 364 24 , , , 12299 364 25 and and CC 12299 364 26 the the DT 12299 364 27 fibres fibre NNS 12299 364 28 are be VBP 12299 364 29 more more RBR 12299 364 30 likely likely JJ 12299 364 31 to to TO 12299 364 32 be be VB 12299 364 33 separated separate VBN 12299 364 34 . . . 12299 365 1 In in IN 12299 365 2 examining examine VBG 12299 365 3 the the DT 12299 365 4 lines line NNS 12299 365 5 of of IN 12299 365 6 rupture rupture NN 12299 365 7 in in IN 12299 365 8 compression compression NN 12299 365 9 parallel parallel NN 12299 365 10 to to IN 12299 365 11 the the DT 12299 365 12 grain grain NN 12299 365 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 365 14 appears appear VBZ 12299 365 15 that that IN 12299 365 16 there there EX 12299 365 17 does do VBZ 12299 365 18 not not RB 12299 365 19 exist exist VB 12299 365 20 any any DT 12299 365 21 specific specific JJ 12299 365 22 type type NN 12299 365 23 , , , 12299 365 24 that that RB 12299 365 25 is is RB 12299 365 26 , , , 12299 365 27 one one CD 12299 365 28 that that WDT 12299 365 29 is be VBZ 12299 365 30 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 365 31 of of IN 12299 365 32 all all DT 12299 365 33 woods wood NNS 12299 365 34 . . . 12299 366 1 Test test NN 12299 366 2 blocks block NNS 12299 366 3 taken take VBN 12299 366 4 from from IN 12299 366 5 different different JJ 12299 366 6 parts part NNS 12299 366 7 of of IN 12299 366 8 the the DT 12299 366 9 same same JJ 12299 366 10 log log NN 12299 366 11 may may MD 12299 366 12 show show VB 12299 366 13 very very RB 12299 366 14 decided decide VBN 12299 366 15 differences difference NNS 12299 366 16 in in IN 12299 366 17 the the DT 12299 366 18 manner manner NN 12299 366 19 of of IN 12299 366 20 failure failure NN 12299 366 21 , , , 12299 366 22 while while IN 12299 366 23 blocks block NNS 12299 366 24 that that WDT 12299 366 25 are be VBP 12299 366 26 much much RB 12299 366 27 alike alike RB 12299 366 28 in in IN 12299 366 29 the the DT 12299 366 30 size size NN 12299 366 31 , , , 12299 366 32 number number NN 12299 366 33 , , , 12299 366 34 and and CC 12299 366 35 distribution distribution NN 12299 366 36 of of IN 12299 366 37 the the DT 12299 366 38 elements element NNS 12299 366 39 of of IN 12299 366 40 unequal unequal JJ 12299 366 41 resistance resistance NN 12299 366 42 may may MD 12299 366 43 behave behave VB 12299 366 44 very very RB 12299 366 45 similarly similarly RB 12299 366 46 . . . 12299 367 1 The the DT 12299 367 2 direction direction NN 12299 367 3 of of IN 12299 367 4 rupture rupture NN 12299 367 5 is be VBZ 12299 367 6 , , , 12299 367 7 according accord VBG 12299 367 8 to to IN 12299 367 9 Jaccard Jaccard NNP 12299 367 10 , , , 12299 367 11 not not RB 12299 367 12 influenced influence VBN 12299 367 13 by by IN 12299 367 14 the the DT 12299 367 15 distribution distribution NN 12299 367 16 of of IN 12299 367 17 the the DT 12299 367 18 medullary medullary JJ 12299 367 19 rays ray NNS 12299 367 20 . . . 12299 368 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 368 2 7 7 LS 12299 368 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 368 4 These these DT 12299 368 5 are be VBP 12299 368 6 curved curve VBN 12299 368 7 with with IN 12299 368 8 the the DT 12299 368 9 bundles bundle NNS 12299 368 10 of of IN 12299 368 11 fibres fibre NNS 12299 368 12 to to TO 12299 368 13 which which WDT 12299 368 14 they -PRON- PRP 12299 368 15 are be VBP 12299 368 16 attached attach VBN 12299 368 17 . . . 12299 369 1 In in IN 12299 369 2 any any DT 12299 369 3 case case NN 12299 369 4 the the DT 12299 369 5 failure failure NN 12299 369 6 starts start VBZ 12299 369 7 at at IN 12299 369 8 the the DT 12299 369 9 weakest weak JJS 12299 369 10 points point NNS 12299 369 11 and and CC 12299 369 12 follows follow VBZ 12299 369 13 the the DT 12299 369 14 lines line NNS 12299 369 15 of of IN 12299 369 16 least least JJS 12299 369 17 resistance resistance NN 12299 369 18 . . . 12299 370 1 The the DT 12299 370 2 plane plane NN 12299 370 3 of of IN 12299 370 4 failure failure NN 12299 370 5 , , , 12299 370 6 as as IN 12299 370 7 visible visible JJ 12299 370 8 on on IN 12299 370 9 radial radial JJ 12299 370 10 surfaces surface NNS 12299 370 11 , , , 12299 370 12 is be VBZ 12299 370 13 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 370 14 , , , 12299 370 15 and and CC 12299 370 16 on on IN 12299 370 17 the the DT 12299 370 18 tangential tangential JJ 12299 370 19 surface surface NN 12299 370 20 it -PRON- PRP 12299 370 21 is be VBZ 12299 370 22 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 370 23 . . . 12299 371 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 371 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 371 3 7 7 CD 12299 371 4 : : : 12299 371 5 This this DT 12299 371 6 does do VBZ 12299 371 7 not not RB 12299 371 8 correspond correspond VB 12299 371 9 exactly exactly RB 12299 371 10 with with IN 12299 371 11 the the DT 12299 371 12 conclusions conclusion NNS 12299 371 13 of of IN 12299 371 14 A. a. NN 12299 371 15 Thil Thil NNP 12299 371 16 , , , 12299 371 17 who who WP 12299 371 18 says say VBZ 12299 371 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 371 20 " " `` 12299 371 21 Constitution Constitution NNP 12299 371 22 anatomique anatomique NN 12299 371 23 du du NNP 12299 371 24 bois bois NNP 12299 371 25 , , , 12299 371 26 " " '' 12299 371 27 pp pp NNP 12299 371 28 . . . 12299 372 1 140 140 CD 12299 372 2 - - SYM 12299 372 3 141 141 CD 12299 372 4 ) ) -RRB- 12299 372 5 : : : 12299 372 6 " " `` 12299 372 7 The the DT 12299 372 8 sides side NNS 12299 372 9 of of IN 12299 372 10 the the DT 12299 372 11 medullary medullary JJ 12299 372 12 rays ray NNS 12299 372 13 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 372 14 produce produce VBP 12299 372 15 planes plane NNS 12299 372 16 of of IN 12299 372 17 least least JJS 12299 372 18 resistance resistance NN 12299 372 19 varying varying NN 12299 372 20 in in IN 12299 372 21 size size NN 12299 372 22 with with IN 12299 372 23 the the DT 12299 372 24 height height NN 12299 372 25 of of IN 12299 372 26 the the DT 12299 372 27 rays ray NNS 12299 372 28 . . . 12299 373 1 The the DT 12299 373 2 medullary medullary NN 12299 373 3 rays ray NNS 12299 373 4 assume assume VBP 12299 373 5 a a DT 12299 373 6 direction direction NN 12299 373 7 more more RBR 12299 373 8 or or CC 12299 373 9 less less RBR 12299 373 10 parallel parallel NN 12299 373 11 to to IN 12299 373 12 the the DT 12299 373 13 lumen luman NNS 12299 373 14 of of IN 12299 373 15 the the DT 12299 373 16 cells cell NNS 12299 373 17 on on IN 12299 373 18 which which WDT 12299 373 19 they -PRON- PRP 12299 373 20 border border VBP 12299 373 21 ; ; : 12299 373 22 the the DT 12299 373 23 latter latter JJ 12299 373 24 curve curve NN 12299 373 25 to to IN 12299 373 26 the the DT 12299 373 27 right right NN 12299 373 28 or or CC 12299 373 29 left leave VBN 12299 373 30 to to TO 12299 373 31 make make VB 12299 373 32 room room NN 12299 373 33 for for IN 12299 373 34 the the DT 12299 373 35 ray ray NN 12299 373 36 and and CC 12299 373 37 then then RB 12299 373 38 close close VB 12299 373 39 again again RB 12299 373 40 beyond beyond IN 12299 373 41 it -PRON- PRP 12299 373 42 . . . 12299 374 1 If if IN 12299 374 2 the the DT 12299 374 3 force force NN 12299 374 4 acts act VBZ 12299 374 5 parallel parallel JJ 12299 374 6 to to IN 12299 374 7 the the DT 12299 374 8 axis axi NNS 12299 374 9 of of IN 12299 374 10 growth growth NN 12299 374 11 , , , 12299 374 12 the the DT 12299 374 13 tracheids tracheid NNS 12299 374 14 are be VBP 12299 374 15 more more RBR 12299 374 16 likely likely JJ 12299 374 17 to to TO 12299 374 18 be be VB 12299 374 19 displaced displace VBN 12299 374 20 if if IN 12299 374 21 the the DT 12299 374 22 marginal marginal JJ 12299 374 23 cells cell NNS 12299 374 24 of of IN 12299 374 25 the the DT 12299 374 26 medullary medullary JJ 12299 374 27 rays ray NNS 12299 374 28 are be VBP 12299 374 29 provided provide VBN 12299 374 30 with with IN 12299 374 31 weak weak JJ 12299 374 32 walls wall NNS 12299 374 33 that that WDT 12299 374 34 are be VBP 12299 374 35 readily readily RB 12299 374 36 compressed compress VBN 12299 374 37 . . . 12299 375 1 This this DT 12299 375 2 explains explain VBZ 12299 375 3 why why WRB 12299 375 4 on on IN 12299 375 5 the the DT 12299 375 6 radial radial JJ 12299 375 7 surface surface NN 12299 375 8 of of IN 12299 375 9 the the DT 12299 375 10 test test NN 12299 375 11 blocks block VBZ 12299 375 12 the the DT 12299 375 13 plane plane NN 12299 375 14 of of IN 12299 375 15 rupture rupture NN 12299 375 16 passes pass VBZ 12299 375 17 in in IN 12299 375 18 a a DT 12299 375 19 direction direction NN 12299 375 20 nearly nearly RB 12299 375 21 following follow VBG 12299 375 22 a a DT 12299 375 23 medullary medullary JJ 12299 375 24 ray ray NN 12299 375 25 , , , 12299 375 26 whereas whereas IN 12299 375 27 on on IN 12299 375 28 the the DT 12299 375 29 tangential tangential JJ 12299 375 30 surface surface NN 12299 375 31 the the DT 12299 375 32 direction direction NN 12299 375 33 of of IN 12299 375 34 the the DT 12299 375 35 plane plane NN 12299 375 36 of of IN 12299 375 37 rupture rupture NN 12299 375 38 is be VBZ 12299 375 39 oblique oblique JJ 12299 375 40 -- -- : 12299 375 41 but but CC 12299 375 42 with with IN 12299 375 43 an an DT 12299 375 44 obliquity obliquity NN 12299 375 45 varying varying NN 12299 375 46 with with IN 12299 375 47 the the DT 12299 375 48 species specie NNS 12299 375 49 and and CC 12299 375 50 determined determine VBN 12299 375 51 by by IN 12299 375 52 the the DT 12299 375 53 pitch pitch NN 12299 375 54 of of IN 12299 375 55 the the DT 12299 375 56 spirals spiral NNS 12299 375 57 along along IN 12299 375 58 which which WDT 12299 375 59 the the DT 12299 375 60 medullary medullary JJ 12299 375 61 rays ray NNS 12299 375 62 are be VBP 12299 375 63 distributed distribute VBN 12299 375 64 in in IN 12299 375 65 the the DT 12299 375 66 stem stem NN 12299 375 67 . . . 12299 375 68 " " '' 12299 376 1 See see VB 12299 376 2 Jaccard Jaccard NNP 12299 376 3 , , , 12299 376 4 _ _ NNP 12299 376 5 op op NN 12299 376 6 . . . 12299 377 1 cit cit NNP 12299 377 2 . . . 12299 377 3 _ _ NNP 12299 377 4 , , , 12299 377 5 pp pp NNP 12299 377 6 . . . 12299 378 1 57 57 CD 12299 378 2 _ _ NNP 12299 378 3 et et NNP 12299 378 4 seq seq NN 12299 378 5 . . . 12299 378 6 _ _ NNP 12299 378 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 378 8 SHEARING shear VBG 12299 378 9 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 378 10 Whenever whenever WRB 12299 378 11 forces force NNS 12299 378 12 act act VBP 12299 378 13 upon upon IN 12299 378 14 a a DT 12299 378 15 body body NN 12299 378 16 in in IN 12299 378 17 such such PDT 12299 378 18 a a DT 12299 378 19 way way NN 12299 378 20 that that WDT 12299 378 21 one one CD 12299 378 22 portion portion NN 12299 378 23 tends tend VBZ 12299 378 24 to to TO 12299 378 25 slide slide VB 12299 378 26 upon upon IN 12299 378 27 another another DT 12299 378 28 adjacent adjacent JJ 12299 378 29 to to IN 12299 378 30 it -PRON- PRP 12299 378 31 the the DT 12299 378 32 action action NN 12299 378 33 is be VBZ 12299 378 34 called call VBN 12299 378 35 a a DT 12299 378 36 ~shear~. ~shear~. XX 12299 379 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 379 2 8 8 CD 12299 379 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 379 4 In in IN 12299 379 5 wood wood NN 12299 379 6 this this DT 12299 379 7 shearing shear VBG 12299 379 8 action action NN 12299 379 9 may may MD 12299 379 10 be be VB 12299 379 11 ( ( -LRB- 12299 379 12 1 1 CD 12299 379 13 ) ) -RRB- 12299 379 14 ~along ~along NFP 12299 379 15 the the DT 12299 379 16 grain~ grain~ NNP 12299 379 17 , , , 12299 379 18 or or CC 12299 379 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 379 20 2 2 CD 12299 379 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 379 22 ~across ~across . 12299 379 23 the the DT 12299 379 24 grain~. grain~. NN 12299 380 1 A a DT 12299 380 2 tenon tenon NN 12299 380 3 breaking break VBG 12299 380 4 out out RP 12299 380 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 380 6 mortise mortise NN 12299 380 7 is be VBZ 12299 380 8 a a DT 12299 380 9 familiar familiar JJ 12299 380 10 example example NN 12299 380 11 of of IN 12299 380 12 shear shear NN 12299 380 13 along along IN 12299 380 14 the the DT 12299 380 15 grain grain NN 12299 380 16 , , , 12299 380 17 while while IN 12299 380 18 the the DT 12299 380 19 shoving shove VBG 12299 380 20 off off RP 12299 380 21 of of IN 12299 380 22 the the DT 12299 380 23 tenon tenon NN 12299 380 24 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 380 25 would would MD 12299 380 26 be be VB 12299 380 27 shear shear NN 12299 380 28 across across IN 12299 380 29 the the DT 12299 380 30 grain grain NN 12299 380 31 . . . 12299 381 1 The the DT 12299 381 2 use use NN 12299 381 3 of of IN 12299 381 4 wood wood NN 12299 381 5 for for IN 12299 381 6 pins pin NNS 12299 381 7 or or CC 12299 381 8 tree tree NN 12299 381 9 - - HYPH 12299 381 10 nails nail NNS 12299 381 11 involves involve VBZ 12299 381 12 resistance resistance NN 12299 381 13 to to TO 12299 381 14 shear shear VB 12299 381 15 across across IN 12299 381 16 the the DT 12299 381 17 grain grain NN 12299 381 18 . . . 12299 382 1 Another another DT 12299 382 2 common common JJ 12299 382 3 instance instance NN 12299 382 4 of of IN 12299 382 5 the the DT 12299 382 6 latter latter JJ 12299 382 7 is be VBZ 12299 382 8 where where WRB 12299 382 9 the the DT 12299 382 10 steel steel NN 12299 382 11 edge edge NN 12299 382 12 of of IN 12299 382 13 the the DT 12299 382 14 eye eye NN 12299 382 15 of of IN 12299 382 16 an an DT 12299 382 17 axe axe NN 12299 382 18 or or CC 12299 382 19 hammer hammer NN 12299 382 20 tends tend VBZ 12299 382 21 to to TO 12299 382 22 cut cut VB 12299 382 23 off off RP 12299 382 24 the the DT 12299 382 25 handle handle NN 12299 382 26 . . . 12299 383 1 In in IN 12299 383 2 Fig Fig NNP 12299 383 3 . . . 12299 384 1 10 10 CD 12299 384 2 the the DT 12299 384 3 action action NN 12299 384 4 of of IN 12299 384 5 the the DT 12299 384 6 wooden wooden JJ 12299 384 7 strut strut NN 12299 384 8 tends tend VBZ 12299 384 9 to to TO 12299 384 10 shear shear VB 12299 384 11 off off RP 12299 384 12 along along IN 12299 384 13 the the DT 12299 384 14 grain grain NN 12299 384 15 the the DT 12299 384 16 portion portion NN 12299 384 17 _ _ NNP 12299 384 18 AB AB NNP 12299 384 19 _ _ NNP 12299 384 20 of of IN 12299 384 21 the the DT 12299 384 22 wooden wooden JJ 12299 384 23 tie tie NN 12299 384 24 rod rod NN 12299 384 25 , , , 12299 384 26 and and CC 12299 384 27 it -PRON- PRP 12299 384 28 is be VBZ 12299 384 29 essential essential JJ 12299 384 30 that that IN 12299 384 31 the the DT 12299 384 32 length length NN 12299 384 33 of of IN 12299 384 34 this this DT 12299 384 35 portion portion NN 12299 384 36 be be VB 12299 384 37 great great JJ 12299 384 38 enough enough RB 12299 384 39 to to TO 12299 384 40 guard guard VB 12299 384 41 against against IN 12299 384 42 it -PRON- PRP 12299 384 43 . . . 12299 385 1 Fig fig NN 12299 385 2 . . . 12299 386 1 11 11 CD 12299 386 2 shows show VBZ 12299 386 3 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 386 4 failures failure NNS 12299 386 5 in in IN 12299 386 6 shear shear NN 12299 386 7 along along IN 12299 386 8 the the DT 12299 386 9 grain grain NN 12299 386 10 . . . 12299 387 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 387 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 387 3 8 8 CD 12299 387 4 : : : 12299 387 5 Shear shear NN 12299 387 6 should should MD 12299 387 7 not not RB 12299 387 8 be be VB 12299 387 9 confused confuse VBN 12299 387 10 with with IN 12299 387 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 387 12 cutting cutting NN 12299 387 13 or or CC 12299 387 14 incision incision NN 12299 387 15 . . . 12299 387 16 ] ] -RRB- 12299 388 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 388 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 388 3 : : : 12299 388 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 388 5 . . . 12299 389 1 10.--Example 10.--example CD 12299 389 2 of of IN 12299 389 3 shear shear NN 12299 389 4 along along IN 12299 389 5 the the DT 12299 389 6 grain grain NN 12299 389 7 . . . 12299 389 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 390 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 390 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 390 3 : : : 12299 390 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 390 5 . . . 12299 391 1 11.--Failures 11.--failures CD 12299 391 2 of of IN 12299 391 3 test test NN 12299 391 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 391 5 in in IN 12299 391 6 shear shear NN 12299 391 7 along along IN 12299 391 8 the the DT 12299 391 9 grain grain NN 12299 391 10 . . . 12299 392 1 In in IN 12299 392 2 the the DT 12299 392 3 block block NN 12299 392 4 at at IN 12299 392 5 the the DT 12299 392 6 left leave VBN 12299 392 7 the the DT 12299 392 8 surface surface NN 12299 392 9 of of IN 12299 392 10 failure failure NN 12299 392 11 is be VBZ 12299 392 12 radial radial JJ 12299 392 13 ; ; : 12299 392 14 in in IN 12299 392 15 the the DT 12299 392 16 one one NN 12299 392 17 at at IN 12299 392 18 the the DT 12299 392 19 right right JJ 12299 392 20 , , , 12299 392 21 tangential tangential NNP 12299 392 22 ] ] -RRB- 12299 392 23 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 392 24 | | NNP 12299 392 25 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 392 26 VII VII NNP 12299 392 27 | | NNP 12299 392 28 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 392 29 | | NNP 12299 392 30 SHEARING shearing NN 12299 392 31 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 392 32 ALONG along IN 12299 392 33 THE the DT 12299 392 34 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 392 35 OF of IN 12299 392 36 SMALL SMALL NNP 12299 392 37 | | NNP 12299 392 38 | | CD 12299 392 39 CLEAR CLEAR NNP 12299 392 40 PIECES pieces NN 12299 392 41 OF of IN 12299 392 42 41 41 CD 12299 392 43 WOODS woods NN 12299 392 44 IN in IN 12299 392 45 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 392 46 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 392 47 | | NNP 12299 392 48 | | NNP 12299 392 49 ( ( -LRB- 12299 392 50 Forest Forest NNP 12299 392 51 Service Service NNP 12299 392 52 Cir Cir NNP 12299 392 53 . . . 12299 393 1 213 213 CD 12299 393 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 393 3 | | NNP 12299 393 4 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 393 5 | | NNP 12299 393 6 | | NNP 12299 393 7 When when WRB 12299 393 8 | | NNP 12299 393 9 When when WRB 12299 393 10 | | HYPH 12299 393 11 | | NNP 12299 393 12 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 393 13 NAME NAME NNP 12299 393 14 | | CD 12299 393 15 surface surface NN 12299 393 16 of of IN 12299 393 17 | | CD 12299 393 18 surface surface NN 12299 393 19 of of IN 12299 393 20 | | NNP 12299 393 21 | | CD 12299 393 22 OF OF NNP 12299 393 23 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 393 24 | | NNP 12299 393 25 failure failure NN 12299 393 26 is be VBZ 12299 393 27 | | JJ 12299 393 28 failure failure NN 12299 393 29 is be VBZ 12299 393 30 | | CD 12299 393 31 | | CD 12299 393 32 | | CD 12299 393 33 radial radial JJ 12299 393 34 | | CD 12299 393 35 tangential tangential JJ 12299 393 36 | | NNP 12299 393 37 |-------------------+------------+------------| |-------------------+------------+------------| NNP 12299 393 38 | | NNP 12299 393 39 | | NNP 12299 393 40 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 393 41 . . . 12299 394 1 per per IN 12299 394 2 | | NNP 12299 394 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 394 4 . . . 12299 395 1 per per IN 12299 395 2 | | NNP 12299 395 3 | | NNP 12299 395 4 | | NNP 12299 395 5 sq sq NN 12299 395 6 . . . 12299 396 1 inch inch NNP 12299 396 2 | | NNP 12299 396 3 sq sq NN 12299 396 4 . . . 12299 397 1 inch inch NNP 12299 397 2 | | NNP 12299 397 3 | | NNP 12299 397 4 | | CD 12299 397 5 | | CD 12299 397 6 | | CD 12299 397 7 | | NNP 12299 397 8 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 397 9 | | NNP 12299 397 10 | | NNP 12299 397 11 | | CD 12299 397 12 | | CD 12299 397 13 | | CD 12299 397 14 | | CD 12299 397 15 | | CD 12299 397 16 | | NNS 12299 397 17 Ash Ash NNP 12299 397 18 , , , 12299 397 19 black black JJ 12299 397 20 | | CD 12299 397 21 876 876 CD 12299 397 22 | | CD 12299 397 23 832 832 CD 12299 397 24 | | CD 12299 397 25 | | CD 12299 397 26 white white JJ 12299 397 27 | | CD 12299 397 28 1,360 1,360 CD 12299 397 29 | | CD 12299 397 30 1,312 1,312 CD 12299 397 31 | | CD 12299 397 32 | | CD 12299 397 33 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 397 34 | | NNP 12299 397 35 560 560 CD 12299 397 36 | | CD 12299 397 37 617 617 CD 12299 397 38 | | CD 12299 397 39 | | NNS 12299 397 40 Beech Beech NNP 12299 397 41 | | CD 12299 397 42 1,154 1,154 CD 12299 397 43 | | CD 12299 397 44 1,375 1,375 CD 12299 397 45 | | CD 12299 397 46 | | NNP 12299 397 47 Birch Birch NNP 12299 397 48 , , , 12299 397 49 yellow yellow JJ 12299 397 50 | | CD 12299 397 51 1,103 1,103 CD 12299 397 52 | | CD 12299 397 53 1,188 1,188 CD 12299 397 54 | | CD 12299 397 55 | | NNP 12299 397 56 Elm Elm NNP 12299 397 57 , , , 12299 397 58 slippery slippery JJ 12299 397 59 | | CD 12299 397 60 1,197 1,197 CD 12299 397 61 | | CD 12299 397 62 1,174 1,174 CD 12299 397 63 | | CD 12299 397 64 | | CD 12299 397 65 white white JJ 12299 397 66 | | CD 12299 397 67 778 778 CD 12299 397 68 | | CD 12299 397 69 872 872 CD 12299 397 70 | | CD 12299 397 71 | | CD 12299 397 72 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 397 73 | | CD 12299 397 74 1,095 1,095 CD 12299 397 75 | | CD 12299 397 76 1,161 1,161 CD 12299 397 77 | | CD 12299 397 78 | | NNP 12299 397 79 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 397 80 , , , 12299 397 81 | | NNP 12299 397 82 | | CD 12299 397 83 | | CD 12299 397 84 | | CD 12299 397 85 big big JJ 12299 397 86 shellbark shellbark NN 12299 397 87 | | CD 12299 397 88 1,134 1,134 CD 12299 397 89 | | CD 12299 397 90 1,191 1,191 CD 12299 397 91 | | CD 12299 397 92 | | NNP 12299 397 93 bitternut bitternut NN 12299 397 94 | | POS 12299 397 95 1,134 1,134 CD 12299 397 96 | | CD 12299 397 97 1,348 1,348 CD 12299 397 98 | | CD 12299 397 99 | | HYPH 12299 397 100 mockernut mockernut NN 12299 397 101 | | CD 12299 397 102 1,251 1,251 CD 12299 397 103 | | CD 12299 397 104 1,313 1,313 CD 12299 397 105 | | CD 12299 397 106 | | CD 12299 397 107 nutmeg nutmeg NN 12299 397 108 | | POS 12299 397 109 1,010 1,010 CD 12299 397 110 | | CD 12299 397 111 1,053 1,053 CD 12299 397 112 | | CD 12299 397 113 | | NNP 12299 397 114 pignut pignut NN 12299 397 115 | | CD 12299 397 116 1,334 1,334 CD 12299 397 117 | | CD 12299 397 118 1,457 1,457 CD 12299 397 119 | | CD 12299 397 120 | | CD 12299 397 121 shagbark shagbark NN 12299 397 122 | | CD 12299 397 123 1,230 1,230 CD 12299 397 124 | | CD 12299 397 125 1,297 1,297 CD 12299 397 126 | | CD 12299 397 127 | | CD 12299 397 128 water water NN 12299 397 129 | | CD 12299 397 130 1,390 1,390 CD 12299 397 131 | | CD 12299 397 132 1,490 1,490 CD 12299 397 133 | | NNP 12299 397 134 | | NNP 12299 397 135 Locust Locust NNP 12299 397 136 , , , 12299 397 137 honey honey NN 12299 397 138 | | CD 12299 397 139 1,885 1,885 CD 12299 397 140 | | CD 12299 397 141 2,096 2,096 CD 12299 397 142 | | CD 12299 397 143 | | NNP 12299 397 144 Maple Maple NNP 12299 397 145 , , , 12299 397 146 red red JJ 12299 397 147 | | NNP 12299 397 148 1,130 1,130 CD 12299 397 149 | | CD 12299 397 150 1,330 1,330 CD 12299 397 151 | | CD 12299 397 152 | | CD 12299 397 153 sugar sugar NN 12299 397 154 | | NNP 12299 397 155 1,193 1,193 CD 12299 397 156 | | CD 12299 397 157 1,455 1,455 CD 12299 397 158 | | NNP 12299 397 159 | | NNP 12299 397 160 Oak Oak NNP 12299 397 161 , , , 12299 397 162 post post NNP 12299 397 163 | | NNP 12299 397 164 1,196 1,196 CD 12299 397 165 | | CD 12299 397 166 1,402 1,402 CD 12299 397 167 | | CD 12299 397 168 | | CD 12299 397 169 red red JJ 12299 397 170 | | CD 12299 397 171 1,132 1,132 CD 12299 397 172 | | CD 12299 397 173 1,195 1,195 CD 12299 397 174 | | CD 12299 397 175 | | CD 12299 397 176 swamp swamp NN 12299 397 177 white white JJ 12299 397 178 | | CD 12299 397 179 1,198 1,198 CD 12299 397 180 | | CD 12299 397 181 1,394 1,394 CD 12299 397 182 | | CD 12299 397 183 | | CD 12299 397 184 white white JJ 12299 397 185 | | CD 12299 397 186 1,096 1,096 CD 12299 397 187 | | CD 12299 397 188 1,292 1,292 CD 12299 397 189 | | CD 12299 397 190 | | CD 12299 397 191 yellow yellow JJ 12299 397 192 | | CD 12299 397 193 1,162 1,162 CD 12299 397 194 | | CD 12299 397 195 1,196 1,196 CD 12299 397 196 | | CD 12299 397 197 | | NNP 12299 397 198 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 397 199 | | NNP 12299 397 200 900 900 CD 12299 397 201 | | CD 12299 397 202 1,102 1,102 CD 12299 397 203 | | CD 12299 397 204 | | CD 12299 397 205 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 397 206 | | NNP 12299 397 207 978 978 CD 12299 397 208 | | CD 12299 397 209 1,084 1,084 CD 12299 397 210 | | CD 12299 397 211 | | CD 12299 397 212 | | CD 12299 397 213 | | CD 12299 397 214 | | CD 12299 397 215 | | NNP 12299 397 216 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 397 217 | | NNP 12299 397 218 | | NNP 12299 397 219 | | CD 12299 397 220 | | CD 12299 397 221 | | CD 12299 397 222 | | CD 12299 397 223 | | CD 12299 397 224 | | CD 12299 397 225 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 397 226 ¦ ¦ : 12299 397 227 | | CD 12299 397 228 617 617 CD 12299 397 229 | | CD 12299 397 230 614 614 CD 12299 397 231 | | CD 12299 397 232 | | NNP 12299 397 233 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 397 234 , , , 12299 397 235 incense incense NN 12299 397 236 | | NNP 12299 397 237 613 613 CD 12299 397 238 | | CD 12299 397 239 662 662 CD 12299 397 240 | | CD 12299 397 241 | | NNP 12299 397 242 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 397 243 , , , 12299 397 244 bald bald JJ 12299 397 245 | | CD 12299 397 246 836 836 CD 12299 397 247 | | CD 12299 397 248 800 800 CD 12299 397 249 | | CD 12299 397 250 | | NNP 12299 397 251 Fir Fir NNP 12299 397 252 , , , 12299 397 253 alpine alpine NN 12299 397 254 | | CD 12299 397 255 573 573 CD 12299 397 256 | | CD 12299 397 257 654 654 CD 12299 397 258 | | CD 12299 397 259 | | CD 12299 397 260 amabilis amabili VBD 12299 397 261 | | CD 12299 397 262 517 517 CD 12299 397 263 | | CD 12299 397 264 639 639 CD 12299 397 265 | | NNP 12299 397 266 | | NNP 12299 397 267 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 397 268 | | NNP 12299 397 269 853 853 CD 12299 397 270 | | CD 12299 397 271 858 858 CD 12299 397 272 | | CD 12299 397 273 | | CD 12299 397 274 white white JJ 12299 397 275 | | CD 12299 397 276 742 742 CD 12299 397 277 | | CD 12299 397 278 723 723 CD 12299 397 279 | | CD 12299 397 280 | | NNP 12299 397 281 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 397 282 | | NNP 12299 397 283 790 790 CD 12299 397 284 | | CD 12299 397 285 813 813 CD 12299 397 286 | | CD 12299 397 287 | | NNP 12299 397 288 Pine Pine NNP 12299 397 289 , , , 12299 397 290 lodgepole lodgepole NN 12299 397 291 | | CD 12299 397 292 672 672 CD 12299 397 293 | | CD 12299 397 294 747 747 CD 12299 397 295 | | CD 12299 397 296 | | CD 12299 397 297 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 397 298 | | CD 12299 397 299 1,060 1,060 CD 12299 397 300 | | CD 12299 397 301 953 953 CD 12299 397 302 | | CD 12299 397 303 | | CD 12299 397 304 red red JJ 12299 397 305 | | CD 12299 397 306 812 812 CD 12299 397 307 | | CD 12299 397 308 741 741 CD 12299 397 309 | | CD 12299 397 310 | | CD 12299 397 311 sugar sugar NN 12299 397 312 | | NNP 12299 397 313 702 702 CD 12299 397 314 | | CD 12299 397 315 714 714 CD 12299 397 316 | | CD 12299 397 317 | | CD 12299 397 318 western western JJ 12299 397 319 yellow yellow JJ 12299 397 320 | | CD 12299 397 321 686 686 CD 12299 397 322 | | CD 12299 397 323 706 706 CD 12299 397 324 | | CD 12299 397 325 | | CD 12299 397 326 white white JJ 12299 397 327 | | CD 12299 397 328 649 649 CD 12299 397 329 | | CD 12299 397 330 639 639 CD 12299 397 331 | | CD 12299 397 332 | | NNS 12299 397 333 Spruce spruce NN 12299 397 334 , , , 12299 397 335 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 397 336 | | NNP 12299 397 337 607 607 CD 12299 397 338 | | CD 12299 397 339 624 624 CD 12299 397 340 | | CD 12299 397 341 | | CD 12299 397 342 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 397 343 | | NNP 12299 397 344 883 883 CD 12299 397 345 | | CD 12299 397 346 843 843 CD 12299 397 347 | | CD 12299 397 348 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 397 349 Both both DT 12299 397 350 shearing shearing NN 12299 397 351 stresses stress NNS 12299 397 352 may may MD 12299 397 353 act act VB 12299 397 354 at at IN 12299 397 355 the the DT 12299 397 356 same same JJ 12299 397 357 time time NN 12299 397 358 . . . 12299 398 1 Thus thus RB 12299 398 2 the the DT 12299 398 3 weight weight NN 12299 398 4 carried carry VBN 12299 398 5 by by IN 12299 398 6 a a DT 12299 398 7 beam beam NN 12299 398 8 tends tend VBZ 12299 398 9 to to TO 12299 398 10 shear shear VB 12299 398 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 398 12 off off RP 12299 398 13 at at IN 12299 398 14 right right JJ 12299 398 15 angles angle NNS 12299 398 16 to to IN 12299 398 17 the the DT 12299 398 18 axis axis NN 12299 398 19 ; ; : 12299 398 20 this this DT 12299 398 21 stress stress NN 12299 398 22 is be VBZ 12299 398 23 equal equal JJ 12299 398 24 to to IN 12299 398 25 the the DT 12299 398 26 resultant resultant JJ 12299 398 27 force force NN 12299 398 28 acting act VBG 12299 398 29 perpendicularly perpendicularly RB 12299 398 30 at at IN 12299 398 31 any any DT 12299 398 32 point point NN 12299 398 33 , , , 12299 398 34 and and CC 12299 398 35 in in IN 12299 398 36 a a DT 12299 398 37 beam beam NN 12299 398 38 uniformly uniformly RB 12299 398 39 loaded load VBN 12299 398 40 and and CC 12299 398 41 supported support VBN 12299 398 42 at at IN 12299 398 43 either either DT 12299 398 44 end end NN 12299 398 45 is be VBZ 12299 398 46 maximum maximum JJ 12299 398 47 at at IN 12299 398 48 the the DT 12299 398 49 points point NNS 12299 398 50 of of IN 12299 398 51 support support NN 12299 398 52 and and CC 12299 398 53 zero zero CD 12299 398 54 at at IN 12299 398 55 the the DT 12299 398 56 centre centre NN 12299 398 57 . . . 12299 399 1 In in IN 12299 399 2 addition addition NN 12299 399 3 there there EX 12299 399 4 is be VBZ 12299 399 5 a a DT 12299 399 6 shearing shear VBG 12299 399 7 force force NN 12299 399 8 tending tend VBG 12299 399 9 to to TO 12299 399 10 move move VB 12299 399 11 the the DT 12299 399 12 fibres fibre NNS 12299 399 13 of of IN 12299 399 14 the the DT 12299 399 15 beam beam NN 12299 399 16 past past IN 12299 399 17 each each DT 12299 399 18 other other JJ 12299 399 19 in in IN 12299 399 20 a a DT 12299 399 21 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 399 22 direction direction NN 12299 399 23 . . . 12299 400 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 400 2 See see VB 12299 400 3 Fig fig NN 12299 400 4 . . . 12299 401 1 12 12 CD 12299 401 2 . . . 12299 401 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 402 1 This this DT 12299 402 2 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 402 3 shear shear NN 12299 402 4 is be VBZ 12299 402 5 maximum maximum JJ 12299 402 6 at at IN 12299 402 7 the the DT 12299 402 8 neutral neutral JJ 12299 402 9 plane plane NN 12299 402 10 and and CC 12299 402 11 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 402 12 toward toward IN 12299 402 13 the the DT 12299 402 14 upper upper JJ 12299 402 15 and and CC 12299 402 16 lower low JJR 12299 402 17 surfaces surface NNS 12299 402 18 . . . 12299 403 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 403 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 403 3 : : : 12299 403 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 403 5 . . . 12299 404 1 12.--Horizontal 12.--horizontal CD 12299 404 2 shear shear NN 12299 404 3 in in IN 12299 404 4 a a DT 12299 404 5 beam beam NN 12299 404 6 . . . 12299 404 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 405 1 Shearing shear VBG 12299 405 2 across across IN 12299 405 3 the the DT 12299 405 4 grain grain NN 12299 405 5 is be VBZ 12299 405 6 so so RB 12299 405 7 closely closely RB 12299 405 8 related related JJ 12299 405 9 to to IN 12299 405 10 compression compression NN 12299 405 11 at at IN 12299 405 12 right right JJ 12299 405 13 angles angle NNS 12299 405 14 to to IN 12299 405 15 the the DT 12299 405 16 grain grain NN 12299 405 17 and and CC 12299 405 18 to to TO 12299 405 19 hardness hardness VB 12299 405 20 that that IN 12299 405 21 there there EX 12299 405 22 is be VBZ 12299 405 23 little little JJ 12299 405 24 to to TO 12299 405 25 be be VB 12299 405 26 gained gain VBN 12299 405 27 by by IN 12299 405 28 making make VBG 12299 405 29 separate separate JJ 12299 405 30 tests test NNS 12299 405 31 upon upon IN 12299 405 32 it -PRON- PRP 12299 405 33 . . . 12299 406 1 Knowledge knowledge NN 12299 406 2 of of IN 12299 406 3 shear shear NN 12299 406 4 parallel parallel NN 12299 406 5 to to IN 12299 406 6 the the DT 12299 406 7 grain grain NN 12299 406 8 is be VBZ 12299 406 9 important important JJ 12299 406 10 , , , 12299 406 11 since since IN 12299 406 12 wood wood NN 12299 406 13 frequently frequently RB 12299 406 14 fails fail VBZ 12299 406 15 in in IN 12299 406 16 that that DT 12299 406 17 way way NN 12299 406 18 . . . 12299 407 1 The the DT 12299 407 2 value value NN 12299 407 3 of of IN 12299 407 4 shearing shear VBG 12299 407 5 stress stress NN 12299 407 6 parallel parallel JJ 12299 407 7 to to IN 12299 407 8 the the DT 12299 407 9 grain grain NN 12299 407 10 is be VBZ 12299 407 11 found find VBN 12299 407 12 by by IN 12299 407 13 dividing divide VBG 12299 407 14 the the DT 12299 407 15 maximum maximum JJ 12299 407 16 load load NN 12299 407 17 in in IN 12299 407 18 pounds pound NNS 12299 407 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 407 20 P p NN 12299 407 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 407 22 by by IN 12299 407 23 the the DT 12299 407 24 area area NN 12299 407 25 of of IN 12299 407 26 the the DT 12299 407 27 cross cross NN 12299 407 28 section section NN 12299 407 29 in in IN 12299 407 30 inches inch NNS 12299 407 31 ( ( -LRB- 12299 407 32 A a NN 12299 407 33 ) ) -RRB- 12299 407 34 . . . 12299 408 1 { { -LRB- 12299 408 2 P p NN 12299 408 3 } } -RRB- 12299 408 4 { { -LRB- 12299 408 5 Shear Shear NNP 12299 408 6 = = NFP 12299 408 7 --- --- : 12299 408 8 } } -RRB- 12299 408 9 { { -LRB- 12299 408 10 A a NN 12299 408 11 } } -RRB- 12299 408 12 Oblique Oblique NNP 12299 408 13 shearing shearing NN 12299 408 14 stresses stress NNS 12299 408 15 are be VBP 12299 408 16 developed develop VBN 12299 408 17 in in IN 12299 408 18 a a DT 12299 408 19 bar bar NN 12299 408 20 when when WRB 12299 408 21 it -PRON- PRP 12299 408 22 is be VBZ 12299 408 23 subjected subject VBN 12299 408 24 to to TO 12299 408 25 direct direct VB 12299 408 26 tension tension NN 12299 408 27 or or CC 12299 408 28 compression compression NN 12299 408 29 . . . 12299 409 1 The the DT 12299 409 2 maximum maximum JJ 12299 409 3 shearing shear VBG 12299 409 4 stress stress NN 12299 409 5 occurs occur VBZ 12299 409 6 along along IN 12299 409 7 a a DT 12299 409 8 plane plane NN 12299 409 9 when when WRB 12299 409 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 409 11 makes make VBZ 12299 409 12 an an DT 12299 409 13 angle angle NN 12299 409 14 of of IN 12299 409 15 45 45 CD 12299 409 16 degrees degree NNS 12299 409 17 P p NN 12299 409 18 with with IN 12299 409 19 the the DT 12299 409 20 axis axis NN 12299 409 21 of of IN 12299 409 22 the the DT 12299 409 23 specimen speciman NNS 12299 409 24 . . . 12299 410 1 In in IN 12299 410 2 this this DT 12299 410 3 case case NN 12299 410 4 , , , 12299 410 5 shear shear NN 12299 410 6 = = NFP 12299 410 7 ----- ----- NFP 12299 410 8 . . . 12299 411 1 When when WRB 12299 411 2 2 2 CD 12299 411 3 A a DT 12299 411 4 the the DT 12299 411 5 value value NN 12299 411 6 of of IN 12299 411 7 the the DT 12299 411 8 angle angle NN 12299 411 9 [ [ -LRB- 12299 411 10 Greek Greek NNP 12299 411 11 : : : 12299 411 12 theta theta NN 12299 411 13 ] ] -RRB- 12299 411 14 is be VBZ 12299 411 15 less less JJR 12299 411 16 than than IN 12299 411 17 45 45 CD 12299 411 18 degrees degree NNS 12299 411 19 , , , 12299 411 20 P p NN 12299 411 21 the the DT 12299 411 22 shear shear NN 12299 411 23 along along IN 12299 411 24 the the DT 12299 411 25 plane plane NN 12299 411 26 = = SYM 12299 411 27 --- --- : 12299 411 28 sin sin NN 12299 411 29 [ [ -LRB- 12299 411 30 Greek Greek NNP 12299 411 31 : : : 12299 411 32 theta theta NN 12299 411 33 ] ] -RRB- 12299 411 34 cos cos NNP 12299 411 35 [ [ -LRB- 12299 411 36 Greek Greek NNP 12299 411 37 : : : 12299 411 38 A a DT 12299 411 39 theta theta NN 12299 411 40 ] ] -RRB- 12299 411 41 . . . 12299 412 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 412 2 See see VB 12299 412 3 Fig fig NN 12299 412 4 . . . 12299 413 1 13 13 CD 12299 413 2 . . . 12299 413 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 414 1 The the DT 12299 414 2 effect effect NN 12299 414 3 of of IN 12299 414 4 oblique oblique JJ 12299 414 5 shear shear NN 12299 414 6 is be VBZ 12299 414 7 often often RB 12299 414 8 visible visible JJ 12299 414 9 in in IN 12299 414 10 the the DT 12299 414 11 failures failure NNS 12299 414 12 of of IN 12299 414 13 short short JJ 12299 414 14 columns column NNS 12299 414 15 . . . 12299 415 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 415 2 See see VB 12299 415 3 Fig fig NN 12299 415 4 . . . 12299 416 1 14 14 CD 12299 416 2 . . . 12299 416 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 417 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 417 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 417 3 : : : 12299 417 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 417 5 . . . 12299 418 1 13.--Oblique 13.--oblique LS 12299 418 2 shear shear NN 12299 418 3 in in IN 12299 418 4 a a DT 12299 418 5 short short JJ 12299 418 6 column column NN 12299 418 7 . . . 12299 418 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 419 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 419 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 419 3 : : : 12299 419 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 419 5 . . . 12299 420 1 14.--Failure 14.--failure CD 12299 420 2 of of IN 12299 420 3 short short JJ 12299 420 4 column column NN 12299 420 5 by by IN 12299 420 6 oblique oblique NNP 12299 420 7 shear shear NN 12299 420 8 . . . 12299 420 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 421 1 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 421 2 | | CD 12299 421 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 421 4 VIII VIII NNP 12299 421 5 | | NNP 12299 421 6 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 421 7 | | NNP 12299 421 8 SHEARING SHEARING NNP 12299 421 9 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 421 10 ACROSS acros VBD 12299 421 11 THE the DT 12299 421 12 GRAIN grain NN 12299 421 13 OF of IN 12299 421 14 VARIOUS VARIOUS NNP 12299 421 15 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 12299 421 16 WOODS WOODS NNP 12299 421 17 | | NNP 12299 421 18 | | NNP 12299 421 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 421 20 J.C. J.C. NNP 12299 421 21 Trautwine Trautwine NNP 12299 421 22 . . . 12299 422 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 422 2 . . . 12299 423 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 423 2 Institute Institute NNP 12299 423 3 . . . 12299 424 1 Vol Vol NNP 12299 424 2 . . . 12299 425 1 109 109 CD 12299 425 2 , , , 12299 425 3 1880 1880 CD 12299 425 4 , , , 12299 425 5 pp pp NNP 12299 425 6 . . . 12299 426 1 105 105 CD 12299 426 2 - - SYM 12299 426 3 106 106 CD 12299 426 4 ) ) -RRB- 12299 426 5 | | NNP 12299 426 6 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 426 7 | | CD 12299 426 8 KIND KIND NNP 12299 426 9 OF of IN 12299 426 10 WOOD wood NN 12299 426 11 | | NNP 12299 426 12 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 426 13 . . . 12299 427 1 per per IN 12299 427 2 | | NNP 12299 427 3 KIND kind NN 12299 427 4 OF of IN 12299 427 5 WOOD wood NN 12299 427 6 | | NNP 12299 427 7 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 427 8 . . . 12299 428 1 per per IN 12299 428 2 | | NNP 12299 428 3 | | NNP 12299 428 4 | | NNP 12299 428 5 sq sq NN 12299 428 6 . . . 12299 429 1 inch inch NNP 12299 429 2 | | NNP 12299 429 3 | | NNP 12299 429 4 sq sq NN 12299 429 5 . . . 12299 430 1 inch inch NNP 12299 430 2 | | NNP 12299 430 3 |-----------------------+----------+-----------------------------+----------| |-----------------------+----------+-----------------------------+----------| NNP 12299 430 4 | | NNP 12299 430 5 Ash Ash NNP 12299 430 6 | | NNP 12299 430 7 6,280 6,280 CD 12299 430 8 | | NNP 12299 430 9 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 430 10 | | CD 12299 430 11 7,285 7,285 CD 12299 430 12 | | CD 12299 430 13 | | NNP 12299 430 14 Beech Beech NNP 12299 430 15 | | NNP 12299 430 16 5,223 5,223 CD 12299 430 17 | | NNP 12299 430 18 Locust Locust NNP 12299 430 19 | | NNP 12299 430 20 7,176 7,176 CD 12299 430 21 | | CD 12299 430 22 | | NNP 12299 430 23 Birch Birch NNP 12299 430 24 | | NNP 12299 430 25 5,595 5,595 CD 12299 430 26 | | NNP 12299 430 27 Maple Maple NNP 12299 430 28 | | NNP 12299 430 29 6,355 6,355 CD 12299 430 30 | | CD 12299 430 31 | | NNP 12299 430 32 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 430 33 ( ( -LRB- 12299 430 34 white white NNP 12299 430 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 430 36 | | CD 12299 430 37 1,372 1,372 CD 12299 430 38 | | NNP 12299 430 39 Oak Oak NNP 12299 430 40 | | NNP 12299 430 41 4,425 4,425 CD 12299 430 42 | | CD 12299 430 43 | | NNP 12299 430 44 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 430 45 ( ( -LRB- 12299 430 46 white white NNP 12299 430 47 ) ) -RRB- 12299 430 48 | | NNP 12299 430 49 1,519 1,519 CD 12299 430 50 | | NNP 12299 430 51 Oak Oak NNP 12299 430 52 ( ( -LRB- 12299 430 53 live live RB 12299 430 54 ) ) -RRB- 12299 430 55 | | CD 12299 430 56 8,480 8,480 CD 12299 430 57 | | CD 12299 430 58 | | CD 12299 430 59 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 430 60 ( ( -LRB- 12299 430 61 Central Central NNP 12299 430 62 Amer Amer NNP 12299 430 63 . . . 12299 430 64 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 1 | | CD 12299 431 2 3,410 3,410 CD 12299 431 3 | | NNP 12299 431 4 Pine Pine NNP 12299 431 5 ( ( -LRB- 12299 431 6 white white NNP 12299 431 7 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 8 | | NNP 12299 431 9 2,480 2,480 CD 12299 431 10 | | CD 12299 431 11 | | NNP 12299 431 12 Cherry Cherry NNP 12299 431 13 | | NNP 12299 431 14 2,945 2,945 CD 12299 431 15 | | NNP 12299 431 16 Pine Pine NNP 12299 431 17 ( ( -LRB- 12299 431 18 northern northern JJ 12299 431 19 yellow yellow NN 12299 431 20 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 21 | | NNP 12299 431 22 4,340 4,340 CD 12299 431 23 | | CD 12299 431 24 | | NNP 12299 431 25 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 12299 431 26 | | CD 12299 431 27 1,536 1,536 CD 12299 431 28 | | NNP 12299 431 29 Pine Pine NNP 12299 431 30 ( ( -LRB- 12299 431 31 southernyellow southernyellow NN 12299 431 32 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 33 | | NNP 12299 431 34 5,735 5,735 CD 12299 431 35 | | CD 12299 431 36 | | NNP 12299 431 37 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 12299 431 38 | | CD 12299 431 39 6,510 6,510 CD 12299 431 40 | | NNP 12299 431 41 Pine Pine NNP 12299 431 42 ( ( -LRB- 12299 431 43 very very RB 12299 431 44 resinous resinous JJ 12299 431 45 yellow yellow NN 12299 431 46 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 47 | | CD 12299 431 48 5,053 5,053 CD 12299 431 49 | | CD 12299 431 50 | | NNP 12299 431 51 Ebony Ebony NNP 12299 431 52 | | NNP 12299 431 53 7,750 7,750 CD 12299 431 54 | | NNP 12299 431 55 Poplar Poplar NNP 12299 431 56 | | NNP 12299 431 57 4,418 4,418 CD 12299 431 58 | | CD 12299 431 59 | | NNP 12299 431 60 Gum Gum NNP 12299 431 61 | | CD 12299 431 62 5,890 5,890 CD 12299 431 63 | | NNP 12299 431 64 Spruce Spruce NNP 12299 431 65 | | NNP 12299 431 66 3,255 3,255 CD 12299 431 67 | | NNP 12299 431 68 | | NNP 12299 431 69 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 431 70 | | NNP 12299 431 71 2,750 2,750 CD 12299 431 72 | | CD 12299 431 73 Walnut Walnut NNP 12299 431 74 ( ( -LRB- 12299 431 75 black black NNP 12299 431 76 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 77 | | CD 12299 431 78 4,728 4,728 CD 12299 431 79 | | CD 12299 431 80 | | NNP 12299 431 81 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 431 82 | | CD 12299 431 83 6,045 6,045 CD 12299 431 84 | | CD 12299 431 85 Walnut Walnut NNP 12299 431 86 ( ( -LRB- 12299 431 87 common common JJ 12299 431 88 ) ) -RRB- 12299 431 89 | | NNP 12299 431 90 2,830 2,830 CD 12299 431 91 | | CD 12299 431 92 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 431 93 | | NNP 12299 431 94 NOTE.--Two note.--two JJ 12299 431 95 specimens specimen NNS 12299 431 96 of of IN 12299 431 97 each each DT 12299 431 98 were be VBD 12299 431 99 tested test VBN 12299 431 100 . . . 12299 432 1 All all DT 12299 432 2 were be VBD 12299 432 3 fairly fairly RB 12299 432 4 seasoned season VBN 12299 432 5 and and CC 12299 432 6 | | CD 12299 432 7 | | NNS 12299 432 8 without without IN 12299 432 9 defects defect NNS 12299 432 10 . . . 12299 433 1 The the DT 12299 433 2 piece piece NN 12299 433 3 sheared shear VBD 12299 433 4 off off RP 12299 433 5 was be VBD 12299 433 6 5/8 5/8 CD 12299 433 7 in in IN 12299 433 8 . . . 12299 434 1 The the DT 12299 434 2 single single JJ 12299 434 3 circular circular JJ 12299 434 4 | | CD 12299 434 5 | | CD 12299 434 6 area area NN 12299 434 7 of of IN 12299 434 8 each each DT 12299 434 9 pin pin NN 12299 434 10 was be VBD 12299 434 11 0.322 0.322 CD 12299 434 12 sq sq NN 12299 434 13 . . . 12299 435 1 in in IN 12299 435 2 . . . 12299 436 1 | | NNP 12299 436 2 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 436 3 TRANSVERSE TRANSVERSE NNP 12299 436 4 OR or CC 12299 436 5 BENDING bending NN 12299 436 6 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 436 7 : : : 12299 436 8 BEAMS BEAMS NNP 12299 436 9 When when WRB 12299 436 10 external external JJ 12299 436 11 forces force NNS 12299 436 12 acting act VBG 12299 436 13 in in IN 12299 436 14 the the DT 12299 436 15 same same JJ 12299 436 16 plane plane NN 12299 436 17 are be VBP 12299 436 18 applied apply VBN 12299 436 19 at at IN 12299 436 20 right right JJ 12299 436 21 angles angle NNS 12299 436 22 to to IN 12299 436 23 the the DT 12299 436 24 axis axi NNS 12299 436 25 of of IN 12299 436 26 a a DT 12299 436 27 bar bar NN 12299 436 28 so so IN 12299 436 29 as as IN 12299 436 30 to to TO 12299 436 31 cause cause VB 12299 436 32 it -PRON- PRP 12299 436 33 to to TO 12299 436 34 bend bend VB 12299 436 35 , , , 12299 436 36 they -PRON- PRP 12299 436 37 occasion occasion VBP 12299 436 38 a a DT 12299 436 39 shortening shortening NN 12299 436 40 of of IN 12299 436 41 the the DT 12299 436 42 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 436 43 fibres fibre NNS 12299 436 44 on on IN 12299 436 45 the the DT 12299 436 46 concave concave NNP 12299 436 47 side side NN 12299 436 48 and and CC 12299 436 49 an an DT 12299 436 50 elongation elongation NN 12299 436 51 of of IN 12299 436 52 those those DT 12299 436 53 on on IN 12299 436 54 the the DT 12299 436 55 convex convex NNP 12299 436 56 side side NN 12299 436 57 . . . 12299 437 1 Within within IN 12299 437 2 the the DT 12299 437 3 elastic elastic JJ 12299 437 4 limit limit NN 12299 437 5 the the DT 12299 437 6 relative relative JJ 12299 437 7 stretching stretching NN 12299 437 8 and and CC 12299 437 9 contraction contraction NN 12299 437 10 of of IN 12299 437 11 the the DT 12299 437 12 fibres fibre NNS 12299 437 13 is be VBZ 12299 437 14 directly[9 directly[9 NNP 12299 437 15 ] ] -RRB- 12299 437 16 proportional proportional JJ 12299 437 17 to to IN 12299 437 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 437 19 distances distance NNS 12299 437 20 from from IN 12299 437 21 a a DT 12299 437 22 plane plane NN 12299 437 23 intermediate intermediate JJ 12299 437 24 between between IN 12299 437 25 them -PRON- PRP 12299 437 26 -- -- : 12299 437 27 the the DT 12299 437 28 ~neutral ~neutral XX 12299 437 29 plane~. plane~. NNP 12299 438 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 438 2 N_{1 N_{1 NNP 12299 438 3 } } -RRB- 12299 438 4 P P NNP 12299 438 5 in in IN 12299 438 6 Fig Fig NNP 12299 438 7 . . . 12299 439 1 15 15 CD 12299 439 2 . . . 12299 439 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 440 1 Thus thus RB 12299 440 2 the the DT 12299 440 3 fibres fibre NNS 12299 440 4 half half JJ 12299 440 5 - - HYPH 12299 440 6 way way NN 12299 440 7 between between IN 12299 440 8 the the DT 12299 440 9 neutral neutral JJ 12299 440 10 plane plane NN 12299 440 11 and and CC 12299 440 12 the the DT 12299 440 13 outer outer JJ 12299 440 14 surface surface NN 12299 440 15 experience experience NN 12299 440 16 only only RB 12299 440 17 half half PDT 12299 440 18 as as RB 12299 440 19 much much JJ 12299 440 20 shortening shortening NN 12299 440 21 or or CC 12299 440 22 elongation elongation NN 12299 440 23 as as IN 12299 440 24 the the DT 12299 440 25 outermost outermost JJ 12299 440 26 or or CC 12299 440 27 extreme extreme JJ 12299 440 28 fibres fibre NNS 12299 440 29 . . . 12299 441 1 Similarly similarly RB 12299 441 2 for for IN 12299 441 3 other other JJ 12299 441 4 distances distance NNS 12299 441 5 . . . 12299 442 1 The the DT 12299 442 2 elements element NNS 12299 442 3 along along IN 12299 442 4 the the DT 12299 442 5 neutral neutral JJ 12299 442 6 plane plane NN 12299 442 7 experience experience NN 12299 442 8 no no DT 12299 442 9 tension tension NN 12299 442 10 or or CC 12299 442 11 compression compression NN 12299 442 12 in in IN 12299 442 13 an an DT 12299 442 14 axial axial JJ 12299 442 15 direction direction NN 12299 442 16 . . . 12299 443 1 The the DT 12299 443 2 line line NN 12299 443 3 of of IN 12299 443 4 intersection intersection NN 12299 443 5 of of IN 12299 443 6 this this DT 12299 443 7 plane plane NN 12299 443 8 and and CC 12299 443 9 the the DT 12299 443 10 plane plane NN 12299 443 11 of of IN 12299 443 12 section section NN 12299 443 13 is be VBZ 12299 443 14 known know VBN 12299 443 15 as as IN 12299 443 16 the the DT 12299 443 17 ~neutral ~neutral NNP 12299 443 18 axis~ axis~ NNP 12299 443 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 443 20 N N NNP 12299 443 21 A A NNP 12299 443 22 in in IN 12299 443 23 Fig fig NN 12299 443 24 . . . 12299 444 1 15 15 CD 12299 444 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 444 3 of of IN 12299 444 4 the the DT 12299 444 5 section section NN 12299 444 6 . . . 12299 445 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 445 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 445 3 9 9 CD 12299 445 4 : : : 12299 445 5 While while IN 12299 445 6 in in IN 12299 445 7 reality reality NN 12299 445 8 this this DT 12299 445 9 relationship relationship NN 12299 445 10 does do VBZ 12299 445 11 not not RB 12299 445 12 exactly exactly RB 12299 445 13 hold hold VB 12299 445 14 , , , 12299 445 15 the the DT 12299 445 16 formulà formulà NNP 12299 445 17 ¦ ¦ : 12299 445 18 for for IN 12299 445 19 beams beam NNS 12299 445 20 are be VBP 12299 445 21 based base VBN 12299 445 22 on on IN 12299 445 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 445 24 assumption assumption NN 12299 445 25 . . . 12299 445 26 ] ] -RRB- 12299 446 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 446 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 446 3 : : : 12299 446 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 446 5 . . . 12299 447 1 15.--Diagram 15.--diagram CD 12299 447 2 of of IN 12299 447 3 a a DT 12299 447 4 simple simple JJ 12299 447 5 beam beam NN 12299 447 6 . . . 12299 448 1 N_{1 N_{1 NNP 12299 448 2 } } -RRB- 12299 448 3 P P NNP 12299 448 4 = = SYM 12299 448 5 neutral neutral JJ 12299 448 6 plane plane NN 12299 448 7 , , , 12299 448 8 N N NNP 12299 448 9 A A NNP 12299 448 10 = = SYM 12299 448 11 neutral neutral JJ 12299 448 12 axis axis NN 12299 448 13 of of IN 12299 448 14 section section NN 12299 448 15 R R NNP 12299 448 16 S. S. NNP 12299 448 17 ] ] -RRB- 12299 448 18 If if IN 12299 448 19 the the DT 12299 448 20 bar bar NN 12299 448 21 is be VBZ 12299 448 22 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 12299 448 23 and and CC 12299 448 24 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 12299 448 25 the the DT 12299 448 26 neutral neutral JJ 12299 448 27 plane plane NN 12299 448 28 is be VBZ 12299 448 29 located locate VBN 12299 448 30 half half JJ 12299 448 31 - - HYPH 12299 448 32 way way NN 12299 448 33 between between IN 12299 448 34 the the DT 12299 448 35 upper upper JJ 12299 448 36 and and CC 12299 448 37 lower low JJR 12299 448 38 surfaces surface NNS 12299 448 39 , , , 12299 448 40 so so RB 12299 448 41 long long RB 12299 448 42 as as IN 12299 448 43 the the DT 12299 448 44 deflection deflection NN 12299 448 45 does do VBZ 12299 448 46 not not RB 12299 448 47 exceed exceed VB 12299 448 48 the the DT 12299 448 49 elastic elastic JJ 12299 448 50 limit limit NN 12299 448 51 of of IN 12299 448 52 the the DT 12299 448 53 material material NN 12299 448 54 . . . 12299 449 1 Owing owe VBG 12299 449 2 to to IN 12299 449 3 the the DT 12299 449 4 fact fact NN 12299 449 5 that that IN 12299 449 6 the the DT 12299 449 7 tensile tensile JJ 12299 449 8 strength strength NN 12299 449 9 of of IN 12299 449 10 wood wood NN 12299 449 11 is be VBZ 12299 449 12 from from IN 12299 449 13 two two CD 12299 449 14 to to IN 12299 449 15 nearly nearly RB 12299 449 16 four four CD 12299 449 17 times time NNS 12299 449 18 the the DT 12299 449 19 compressive compressive JJ 12299 449 20 strength strength NN 12299 449 21 , , , 12299 449 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 449 23 follows follow VBZ 12299 449 24 that that IN 12299 449 25 at at IN 12299 449 26 rupture rupture NN 12299 449 27 the the DT 12299 449 28 neutral neutral JJ 12299 449 29 plane plane NN 12299 449 30 is be VBZ 12299 449 31 much much RB 12299 449 32 nearer near JJR 12299 449 33 the the DT 12299 449 34 convex convex NNS 12299 449 35 than than IN 12299 449 36 the the DT 12299 449 37 concave concave NNP 12299 449 38 side side NN 12299 449 39 of of IN 12299 449 40 the the DT 12299 449 41 bar bar NN 12299 449 42 or or CC 12299 449 43 beam beam NN 12299 449 44 , , , 12299 449 45 since since IN 12299 449 46 the the DT 12299 449 47 sum sum NN 12299 449 48 of of IN 12299 449 49 all all PDT 12299 449 50 the the DT 12299 449 51 compressive compressive JJ 12299 449 52 stresses stress NNS 12299 449 53 on on IN 12299 449 54 the the DT 12299 449 55 concave concave NNP 12299 449 56 portion portion NN 12299 449 57 must must MD 12299 449 58 always always RB 12299 449 59 equal equal VB 12299 449 60 the the DT 12299 449 61 sum sum NN 12299 449 62 of of IN 12299 449 63 the the DT 12299 449 64 tensile tensile JJ 12299 449 65 stresses stress NNS 12299 449 66 on on IN 12299 449 67 the the DT 12299 449 68 convex convex NNP 12299 449 69 portion portion NN 12299 449 70 . . . 12299 450 1 The the DT 12299 450 2 neutral neutral JJ 12299 450 3 plane plane NN 12299 450 4 begins begin VBZ 12299 450 5 to to TO 12299 450 6 change change VB 12299 450 7 from from IN 12299 450 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 450 9 central central JJ 12299 450 10 position position NN 12299 450 11 as as RB 12299 450 12 soon soon RB 12299 450 13 as as IN 12299 450 14 the the DT 12299 450 15 elastic elastic JJ 12299 450 16 limit limit NN 12299 450 17 has have VBZ 12299 450 18 been be VBN 12299 450 19 passed pass VBN 12299 450 20 . . . 12299 451 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 451 2 location location NN 12299 451 3 at at IN 12299 451 4 any any DT 12299 451 5 time time NN 12299 451 6 is be VBZ 12299 451 7 very very RB 12299 451 8 uncertain uncertain JJ 12299 451 9 . . . 12299 452 1 The the DT 12299 452 2 external external JJ 12299 452 3 forces force NNS 12299 452 4 acting act VBG 12299 452 5 to to TO 12299 452 6 bend bend VB 12299 452 7 the the DT 12299 452 8 bar bar NN 12299 452 9 also also RB 12299 452 10 tend tend VBP 12299 452 11 to to TO 12299 452 12 rupture rupture VB 12299 452 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 452 14 at at IN 12299 452 15 right right JJ 12299 452 16 angles angle NNS 12299 452 17 to to IN 12299 452 18 the the DT 12299 452 19 neutral neutral JJ 12299 452 20 plane plane NN 12299 452 21 by by IN 12299 452 22 causing cause VBG 12299 452 23 one one CD 12299 452 24 transverse transverse JJ 12299 452 25 section section NN 12299 452 26 to to TO 12299 452 27 slip slip VB 12299 452 28 past past IN 12299 452 29 another another DT 12299 452 30 . . . 12299 453 1 This this DT 12299 453 2 stress stress NN 12299 453 3 at at IN 12299 453 4 any any DT 12299 453 5 point point NN 12299 453 6 is be VBZ 12299 453 7 equal equal JJ 12299 453 8 to to IN 12299 453 9 the the DT 12299 453 10 resultant resultant JJ 12299 453 11 perpendicular perpendicular NN 12299 453 12 to to IN 12299 453 13 the the DT 12299 453 14 axis axi NNS 12299 453 15 of of IN 12299 453 16 the the DT 12299 453 17 forces force NNS 12299 453 18 acting act VBG 12299 453 19 at at IN 12299 453 20 this this DT 12299 453 21 point point NN 12299 453 22 , , , 12299 453 23 and and CC 12299 453 24 is be VBZ 12299 453 25 termed term VBN 12299 453 26 the the DT 12299 453 27 ~transverse ~transverse NN 12299 453 28 shear~ shear~ NN 12299 453 29 ( ( -LRB- 12299 453 30 or or CC 12299 453 31 in in IN 12299 453 32 the the DT 12299 453 33 case case NN 12299 453 34 of of IN 12299 453 35 beams beam NNS 12299 453 36 , , , 12299 453 37 ~vertical ~vertical NNP 12299 453 38 shear~ shear~ NN 12299 453 39 ) ) -RRB- 12299 453 40 . . . 12299 454 1 In in IN 12299 454 2 addition addition NN 12299 454 3 to to IN 12299 454 4 this this DT 12299 454 5 there there EX 12299 454 6 is be VBZ 12299 454 7 a a DT 12299 454 8 shearing shear VBG 12299 454 9 stress stress NN 12299 454 10 , , , 12299 454 11 tending tend VBG 12299 454 12 to to TO 12299 454 13 move move VB 12299 454 14 the the DT 12299 454 15 fibres fibre NNS 12299 454 16 past past IN 12299 454 17 one one CD 12299 454 18 another another DT 12299 454 19 in in IN 12299 454 20 an an DT 12299 454 21 axial axial JJ 12299 454 22 direction direction NN 12299 454 23 , , , 12299 454 24 which which WDT 12299 454 25 is be VBZ 12299 454 26 called call VBN 12299 454 27 ~longitudinal ~longitudinal NNP 12299 454 28 shear~ shear~ NNP 12299 454 29 ( ( -LRB- 12299 454 30 or or CC 12299 454 31 in in IN 12299 454 32 the the DT 12299 454 33 case case NN 12299 454 34 of of IN 12299 454 35 beams beam NNS 12299 454 36 , , , 12299 454 37 ~horizontal ~horizontal NNP 12299 454 38 shear~ shear~ NNP 12299 454 39 ) ) -RRB- 12299 454 40 . . . 12299 455 1 This this DT 12299 455 2 stress stress NN 12299 455 3 must must MD 12299 455 4 be be VB 12299 455 5 taken take VBN 12299 455 6 into into IN 12299 455 7 consideration consideration NN 12299 455 8 in in IN 12299 455 9 the the DT 12299 455 10 design design NN 12299 455 11 of of IN 12299 455 12 timber timber NN 12299 455 13 structures structure NNS 12299 455 14 . . . 12299 456 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 456 2 is be VBZ 12299 456 3 maximum maximum JJ 12299 456 4 at at IN 12299 456 5 the the DT 12299 456 6 neutral neutral JJ 12299 456 7 plane plane NN 12299 456 8 and and CC 12299 456 9 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 456 10 to to IN 12299 456 11 zero zero CD 12299 456 12 at at IN 12299 456 13 the the DT 12299 456 14 outer outer JJ 12299 456 15 elements element NNS 12299 456 16 of of IN 12299 456 17 the the DT 12299 456 18 section section NN 12299 456 19 . . . 12299 457 1 The the DT 12299 457 2 shorter short JJR 12299 457 3 the the DT 12299 457 4 span span NN 12299 457 5 of of IN 12299 457 6 a a DT 12299 457 7 beam beam NN 12299 457 8 in in IN 12299 457 9 proportion proportion NN 12299 457 10 to to IN 12299 457 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 457 12 height height NN 12299 457 13 , , , 12299 457 14 the the DT 12299 457 15 greater great JJR 12299 457 16 is be VBZ 12299 457 17 the the DT 12299 457 18 liability liability NN 12299 457 19 of of IN 12299 457 20 failure failure NN 12299 457 21 in in IN 12299 457 22 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 457 23 shear shear NN 12299 457 24 before before IN 12299 457 25 the the DT 12299 457 26 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 457 27 strength strength NN 12299 457 28 of of IN 12299 457 29 the the DT 12299 457 30 beam beam NN 12299 457 31 is be VBZ 12299 457 32 reached reach VBN 12299 457 33 . . . 12299 458 1 _ _ NNP 12299 458 2 Beams Beams NNPS 12299 458 3 _ _ NNP 12299 458 4 There there EX 12299 458 5 are be VBP 12299 458 6 three three CD 12299 458 7 common common JJ 12299 458 8 forms form NNS 12299 458 9 of of IN 12299 458 10 beams beam NNS 12299 458 11 , , , 12299 458 12 as as IN 12299 458 13 follows follow VBZ 12299 458 14 : : : 12299 458 15 ( ( -LRB- 12299 458 16 1 1 CD 12299 458 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 458 18 ~Simple ~Simple NFP 12299 458 19 beam~--a beam~--a NFP 12299 458 20 bar bar NN 12299 458 21 resting rest VBG 12299 458 22 upon upon IN 12299 458 23 two two CD 12299 458 24 supports support NNS 12299 458 25 , , , 12299 458 26 one one CD 12299 458 27 near near IN 12299 458 28 each each DT 12299 458 29 end end NN 12299 458 30 . . . 12299 459 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 459 2 See see VB 12299 459 3 Fig fig NN 12299 459 4 . . . 12299 460 1 16 16 CD 12299 460 2 , , , 12299 460 3 No no UH 12299 460 4 . . . 12299 461 1 1 1 LS 12299 461 2 . . . 12299 461 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 462 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 462 2 2 2 LS 12299 462 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 462 4 ~Cantilever ~Cantilever NFP 12299 462 5 beam~--a beam~--a NFP 12299 462 6 bar bar NN 12299 462 7 resting rest VBG 12299 462 8 upon upon IN 12299 462 9 one one CD 12299 462 10 support support NN 12299 462 11 or or CC 12299 462 12 fulcrum fulcrum NN 12299 462 13 , , , 12299 462 14 or or CC 12299 462 15 that that DT 12299 462 16 portion portion NN 12299 462 17 of of IN 12299 462 18 any any DT 12299 462 19 beam beam NN 12299 462 20 projecting projecting NN 12299 462 21 out out IN 12299 462 22 of of IN 12299 462 23 a a DT 12299 462 24 wall wall NN 12299 462 25 or or CC 12299 462 26 beyond beyond IN 12299 462 27 a a DT 12299 462 28 support support NN 12299 462 29 . . . 12299 463 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 463 2 See see VB 12299 463 3 Fig fig NN 12299 463 4 . . . 12299 464 1 16 16 CD 12299 464 2 , , , 12299 464 3 No no UH 12299 464 4 . . . 12299 465 1 2 2 LS 12299 465 2 . . . 12299 465 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 466 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 466 2 3 3 LS 12299 466 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 466 4 ~Continuous ~Continuous NFP 12299 466 5 beam~--a beam~--a FW 12299 466 6 bar bar NN 12299 466 7 resting rest VBG 12299 466 8 upon upon IN 12299 466 9 more more JJR 12299 466 10 than than IN 12299 466 11 two two CD 12299 466 12 supports support NNS 12299 466 13 . . . 12299 467 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 467 2 See see VB 12299 467 3 Fig fig NN 12299 467 4 . . . 12299 468 1 16 16 CD 12299 468 2 , , , 12299 468 3 No no UH 12299 468 4 . . . 12299 469 1 3 3 LS 12299 469 2 . . . 12299 469 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 470 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 470 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 470 3 : : : 12299 470 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 470 5 . . . 12299 471 1 16.--Three 16.--three CD 12299 471 2 common common JJ 12299 471 3 forms form NNS 12299 471 4 of of IN 12299 471 5 beams beam NNS 12299 471 6 . . . 12299 472 1 1 1 LS 12299 472 2 . . . 12299 473 1 Simple simple JJ 12299 473 2 . . . 12299 474 1 2 2 LS 12299 474 2 . . . 12299 475 1 Cantilever Cantilever NNP 12299 475 2 . . . 12299 476 1 3 3 LS 12299 476 2 . . . 12299 477 1 Continuous continuous JJ 12299 477 2 . . . 12299 477 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 478 1 _ _ NNP 12299 478 2 Stiffness Stiffness NNP 12299 478 3 of of IN 12299 478 4 Beams Beams NNPS 12299 478 5 _ _ NNP 12299 478 6 The the DT 12299 478 7 two two CD 12299 478 8 main main JJ 12299 478 9 requirements requirement NNS 12299 478 10 of of IN 12299 478 11 a a DT 12299 478 12 beam beam NN 12299 478 13 are be VBP 12299 478 14 stiffness stiffness JJ 12299 478 15 and and CC 12299 478 16 strength strength NN 12299 478 17 . . . 12299 479 1 The the DT 12299 479 2 formulà formulà NNP 12299 479 3 ¦ ¦ : 12299 479 4 for for IN 12299 479 5 the the DT 12299 479 6 _ _ NNP 12299 479 7 modulus modulus NN 12299 479 8 of of IN 12299 479 9 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 479 10 ( ( -LRB- 12299 479 11 E e NN 12299 479 12 ) ) -RRB- 12299 479 13 _ _ NN 12299 479 14 or or CC 12299 479 15 measure measure NN 12299 479 16 of of IN 12299 479 17 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 479 18 of of IN 12299 479 19 a a DT 12299 479 20 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 479 21 prismatic prismatic JJ 12299 479 22 simple simple JJ 12299 479 23 beam beam NN 12299 479 24 loaded load VBN 12299 479 25 at at IN 12299 479 26 the the DT 12299 479 27 centre centre NN 12299 479 28 and and CC 12299 479 29 resting rest VBG 12299 479 30 freely freely RB 12299 479 31 on on IN 12299 479 32 supports support NNS 12299 479 33 at at IN 12299 479 34 either either DT 12299 479 35 end end NN 12299 479 36 is:[10 is:[10 NNS 12299 479 37 ] ] -RRB- 12299 479 38 [ [ -LRB- 12299 479 39 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 479 40 10 10 CD 12299 479 41 : : : 12299 479 42 Only only RB 12299 479 43 this this DT 12299 479 44 form form NN 12299 479 45 of of IN 12299 479 46 beam beam NN 12299 479 47 is be VBZ 12299 479 48 considered consider VBN 12299 479 49 since since IN 12299 479 50 it -PRON- PRP 12299 479 51 is be VBZ 12299 479 52 the the DT 12299 479 53 simplest simple JJS 12299 479 54 . . . 12299 480 1 For for IN 12299 480 2 cantilever cantilever NN 12299 480 3 and and CC 12299 480 4 continuous continuous JJ 12299 480 5 beams beam NNS 12299 480 6 , , , 12299 480 7 and and CC 12299 480 8 beams beam NNS 12299 480 9 rigidly rigidly RB 12299 480 10 fixed fix VBN 12299 480 11 at at IN 12299 480 12 one one CD 12299 480 13 or or CC 12299 480 14 both both DT 12299 480 15 ends end NNS 12299 480 16 , , , 12299 480 17 as as RB 12299 480 18 well well RB 12299 480 19 as as IN 12299 480 20 for for IN 12299 480 21 different different JJ 12299 480 22 methods method NNS 12299 480 23 of of IN 12299 480 24 loading loading NN 12299 480 25 , , , 12299 480 26 different different JJ 12299 480 27 forms form NNS 12299 480 28 of of IN 12299 480 29 cross cross NN 12299 480 30 section section NN 12299 480 31 , , , 12299 480 32 etc etc FW 12299 480 33 . . FW 12299 480 34 , , , 12299 480 35 other other JJ 12299 480 36 formulà formulà NNP 12299 480 37 ¦ ¦ : 12299 480 38 are be VBP 12299 480 39 required require VBN 12299 480 40 . . . 12299 481 1 See see VB 12299 481 2 any any DT 12299 481 3 book book NN 12299 481 4 on on IN 12299 481 5 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 481 6 . . . 12299 481 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 482 1 P p NN 12299 482 2 ' ' `` 12299 482 3 l^{3 l^{3 NNP 12299 482 4 } } -RRB- 12299 482 5 E E NNP 12299 482 6 = = NFP 12299 482 7 ------------- ------------- : 12299 482 8 4 4 CD 12299 482 9 D d NN 12299 482 10 b b NN 12299 482 11 h^{3 h^{3 NN 12299 482 12 } } -RRB- 12299 482 13 b b NNP 12299 482 14 = = SYM 12299 482 15 breadth breadth NN 12299 482 16 or or CC 12299 482 17 width width NN 12299 482 18 of of IN 12299 482 19 beam beam NN 12299 482 20 , , , 12299 482 21 inches inch NNS 12299 482 22 . . . 12299 483 1 h h LS 12299 483 2 = = SYM 12299 483 3 height height NN 12299 483 4 or or CC 12299 483 5 depth depth NN 12299 483 6 of of IN 12299 483 7 beam beam NN 12299 483 8 , , , 12299 483 9 inches inch NNS 12299 483 10 . . . 12299 484 1 l l NNP 12299 484 2 = = SYM 12299 484 3 span span NN 12299 484 4 ( ( -LRB- 12299 484 5 length length NN 12299 484 6 between between IN 12299 484 7 points point NNS 12299 484 8 of of IN 12299 484 9 supports support NNS 12299 484 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 484 11 of of IN 12299 484 12 beam beam NN 12299 484 13 , , , 12299 484 14 inches inch NNS 12299 484 15 . . . 12299 485 1 D D NNP 12299 485 2 = = SYM 12299 485 3 deflection deflection NN 12299 485 4 produced produce VBN 12299 485 5 by by IN 12299 485 6 load load NN 12299 485 7 P p NN 12299 485 8 ' ' '' 12299 485 9 , , , 12299 485 10 inches inch NNS 12299 485 11 . . . 12299 486 1 P p NN 12299 486 2 ' ' '' 12299 486 3 = = SYM 12299 486 4 load load NN 12299 486 5 at at IN 12299 486 6 or or CC 12299 486 7 below below IN 12299 486 8 elastic elastic JJ 12299 486 9 limit limit NN 12299 486 10 , , , 12299 486 11 pounds pound NNS 12299 486 12 . . . 12299 487 1 From from IN 12299 487 2 this this DT 12299 487 3 formulà formulà NNP 12299 487 4 ¦ ¦ : 12299 487 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 487 6 is be VBZ 12299 487 7 evident evident JJ 12299 487 8 that that IN 12299 487 9 for for IN 12299 487 10 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 487 11 beams beam NNS 12299 487 12 of of IN 12299 487 13 the the DT 12299 487 14 same same JJ 12299 487 15 material material NN 12299 487 16 , , , 12299 487 17 mode mode NN 12299 487 18 of of IN 12299 487 19 support support NN 12299 487 20 , , , 12299 487 21 and and CC 12299 487 22 loading loading NN 12299 487 23 , , , 12299 487 24 the the DT 12299 487 25 deflection deflection NN 12299 487 26 is be VBZ 12299 487 27 affected affect VBN 12299 487 28 as as IN 12299 487 29 follows follow VBZ 12299 487 30 : : : 12299 487 31 ( ( -LRB- 12299 487 32 1 1 LS 12299 487 33 ) ) -RRB- 12299 487 34 It -PRON- PRP 12299 487 35 is be VBZ 12299 487 36 inversely inversely RB 12299 487 37 proportional proportional JJ 12299 487 38 to to IN 12299 487 39 the the DT 12299 487 40 width width NN 12299 487 41 for for IN 12299 487 42 beams beam NNS 12299 487 43 of of IN 12299 487 44 the the DT 12299 487 45 same same JJ 12299 487 46 length length NN 12299 487 47 and and CC 12299 487 48 depth depth NN 12299 487 49 . . . 12299 488 1 If if IN 12299 488 2 the the DT 12299 488 3 width width NN 12299 488 4 is be VBZ 12299 488 5 tripled triple VBN 12299 488 6 the the DT 12299 488 7 deflection deflection NN 12299 488 8 is be VBZ 12299 488 9 one one CD 12299 488 10 - - HYPH 12299 488 11 third third NN 12299 488 12 as as RB 12299 488 13 great great JJ 12299 488 14 . . . 12299 489 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 489 2 2 2 LS 12299 489 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 489 4 It -PRON- PRP 12299 489 5 is be VBZ 12299 489 6 inversely inversely RB 12299 489 7 proportional proportional JJ 12299 489 8 to to IN 12299 489 9 the the DT 12299 489 10 cube cube NN 12299 489 11 of of IN 12299 489 12 the the DT 12299 489 13 depth depth NN 12299 489 14 for for IN 12299 489 15 beams beam NNS 12299 489 16 of of IN 12299 489 17 the the DT 12299 489 18 same same JJ 12299 489 19 length length NN 12299 489 20 and and CC 12299 489 21 breadth breadth NN 12299 489 22 . . . 12299 490 1 If if IN 12299 490 2 the the DT 12299 490 3 depth depth NN 12299 490 4 is be VBZ 12299 490 5 tripled triple VBN 12299 490 6 the the DT 12299 490 7 deflection deflection NN 12299 490 8 is be VBZ 12299 490 9 one one CD 12299 490 10 twenty twenty CD 12299 490 11 - - HYPH 12299 490 12 seventh seventh JJ 12299 490 13 as as RB 12299 490 14 great great JJ 12299 490 15 . . . 12299 491 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 491 2 3 3 LS 12299 491 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 491 4 It -PRON- PRP 12299 491 5 is be VBZ 12299 491 6 directly directly RB 12299 491 7 proportional proportional JJ 12299 491 8 to to IN 12299 491 9 the the DT 12299 491 10 cube cube NNP 12299 491 11 of of IN 12299 491 12 the the DT 12299 491 13 span span NN 12299 491 14 for for IN 12299 491 15 beams beam NNS 12299 491 16 of of IN 12299 491 17 the the DT 12299 491 18 same same JJ 12299 491 19 breadth breadth NN 12299 491 20 and and CC 12299 491 21 depth depth NN 12299 491 22 . . . 12299 492 1 Tripling triple VBG 12299 492 2 the the DT 12299 492 3 span span NN 12299 492 4 gives give VBZ 12299 492 5 twenty twenty CD 12299 492 6 - - HYPH 12299 492 7 seven seven CD 12299 492 8 times time NNS 12299 492 9 the the DT 12299 492 10 deflection deflection NN 12299 492 11 . . . 12299 493 1 The the DT 12299 493 2 number number NN 12299 493 3 of of IN 12299 493 4 pounds pound NNS 12299 493 5 which which WDT 12299 493 6 concentrated concentrate VBD 12299 493 7 at at IN 12299 493 8 the the DT 12299 493 9 centre centre NN 12299 493 10 will will MD 12299 493 11 deflect deflect VB 12299 493 12 a a DT 12299 493 13 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 493 14 prismatic prismatic JJ 12299 493 15 simple simple JJ 12299 493 16 beam beam NN 12299 493 17 one one CD 12299 493 18 inch inch NN 12299 493 19 may may MD 12299 493 20 be be VB 12299 493 21 found find VBN 12299 493 22 from from IN 12299 493 23 the the DT 12299 493 24 preceding precede VBG 12299 493 25 formulà formulà NNP 12299 493 26 ¦ ¦ : 12299 493 27 by by IN 12299 493 28 substituting substitute VBG 12299 493 29 D d NN 12299 493 30 = = SYM 12299 493 31 1 1 CD 12299 493 32 " " '' 12299 493 33 and and CC 12299 493 34 solving solve VBG 12299 493 35 for for IN 12299 493 36 P p NN 12299 493 37 ' ' '' 12299 493 38 . . . 12299 494 1 The the DT 12299 494 2 formulà formulà NNP 12299 494 3 ¦ ¦ : 12299 494 4 then then RB 12299 494 5 becomes become VBZ 12299 494 6 : : : 12299 494 7 4 4 CD 12299 494 8 E e NN 12299 494 9 b b NN 12299 494 10 h^{3 h^{3 NN 12299 494 11 } } -RRB- 12299 494 12 Necessary necessary JJ 12299 494 13 weight weight NN 12299 494 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 494 15 P p NN 12299 494 16 ' ' '' 12299 494 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 494 18 = = NFP 12299 494 19 ------------- ------------- NFP 12299 494 20 l^{3 l^{3 NN 12299 494 21 } } -RRB- 12299 494 22 In in IN 12299 494 23 this this DT 12299 494 24 case case NN 12299 494 25 the the DT 12299 494 26 values value NNS 12299 494 27 for for IN 12299 494 28 E E NNS 12299 494 29 are be VBP 12299 494 30 read read VBN 12299 494 31 from from IN 12299 494 32 tables table NNS 12299 494 33 prepared prepare VBN 12299 494 34 from from IN 12299 494 35 data datum NNS 12299 494 36 obtained obtain VBN 12299 494 37 by by IN 12299 494 38 experimentation experimentation NN 12299 494 39 on on IN 12299 494 40 the the DT 12299 494 41 given give VBN 12299 494 42 material material NN 12299 494 43 . . . 12299 495 1 _ _ NNP 12299 495 2 Strength Strength NNP 12299 495 3 of of IN 12299 495 4 Beams Beams NNPS 12299 495 5 _ _ XX 12299 495 6 The the DT 12299 495 7 measure measure NN 12299 495 8 of of IN 12299 495 9 the the DT 12299 495 10 breaking break VBG 12299 495 11 strength strength NN 12299 495 12 of of IN 12299 495 13 a a DT 12299 495 14 beam beam NN 12299 495 15 is be VBZ 12299 495 16 expressed express VBN 12299 495 17 in in IN 12299 495 18 terms term NNS 12299 495 19 of of IN 12299 495 20 unit unit NN 12299 495 21 stress stress NN 12299 495 22 by by IN 12299 495 23 a a DT 12299 495 24 _ _ NNP 12299 495 25 modulus modulus NN 12299 495 26 of of IN 12299 495 27 rupture rupture NN 12299 495 28 _ _ NNP 12299 495 29 , , , 12299 495 30 which which WDT 12299 495 31 is be VBZ 12299 495 32 a a DT 12299 495 33 purely purely RB 12299 495 34 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 12299 495 35 expression expression NN 12299 495 36 for for IN 12299 495 37 points point NNS 12299 495 38 beyond beyond IN 12299 495 39 the the DT 12299 495 40 elastic elastic JJ 12299 495 41 limit limit NN 12299 495 42 . . . 12299 496 1 The the DT 12299 496 2 formulà formulà NNP 12299 496 3 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 496 4 used use VBN 12299 496 5 in in IN 12299 496 6 computing compute VBG 12299 496 7 this this DT 12299 496 8 modulus modulus NN 12299 496 9 is be VBZ 12299 496 10 as as IN 12299 496 11 follows follow VBZ 12299 496 12 : : : 12299 496 13 1.5 1.5 CD 12299 496 14 P p NN 12299 496 15 l l NN 12299 496 16 R r NN 12299 496 17 = = SYM 12299 496 18 --------- --------- NFP 12299 496 19 b b NN 12299 496 20 h{^2 h{^2 NNP 12299 496 21 } } -RRB- 12299 496 22 b b NNP 12299 496 23 , , , 12299 496 24 h h NN 12299 496 25 , , , 12299 496 26 l l NNP 12299 496 27 = = SYM 12299 496 28 breadth breadth NN 12299 496 29 , , , 12299 496 30 height height NN 12299 496 31 , , , 12299 496 32 and and CC 12299 496 33 span span NN 12299 496 34 , , , 12299 496 35 respectively respectively RB 12299 496 36 , , , 12299 496 37 as as IN 12299 496 38 in in IN 12299 496 39 preceding precede VBG 12299 496 40 formulà formulà NNP 12299 496 41 ¦ ¦ : 12299 496 42 . . . 12299 497 1 R r NN 12299 497 2 = = SYM 12299 497 3 modulus modulus NN 12299 497 4 of of IN 12299 497 5 rupture rupture NN 12299 497 6 , , , 12299 497 7 pounds pound NNS 12299 497 8 per per IN 12299 497 9 square square JJ 12299 497 10 inch inch NN 12299 497 11 . . . 12299 498 1 P p NN 12299 498 2 = = SYM 12299 498 3 maximum maximum NN 12299 498 4 load load NN 12299 498 5 , , , 12299 498 6 pounds pound NNS 12299 498 7 . . . 12299 499 1 In in IN 12299 499 2 calculating calculate VBG 12299 499 3 the the DT 12299 499 4 fibre fibre NN 12299 499 5 stress stress NN 12299 499 6 at at IN 12299 499 7 the the DT 12299 499 8 elastic elastic JJ 12299 499 9 limit limit NN 12299 499 10 the the DT 12299 499 11 same same JJ 12299 499 12 formulà formulà NNP 12299 499 13 ¦ ¦ : 12299 499 14 is be VBZ 12299 499 15 used use VBN 12299 499 16 except except IN 12299 499 17 that that IN 12299 499 18 the the DT 12299 499 19 load load NN 12299 499 20 at at IN 12299 499 21 elastic elastic JJ 12299 499 22 limit limit NN 12299 499 23 ( ( -LRB- 12299 499 24 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 499 25 } } -RRB- 12299 499 26 ) ) -RRB- 12299 499 27 is be VBZ 12299 499 28 substituted substitute VBN 12299 499 29 for for IN 12299 499 30 the the DT 12299 499 31 maximum maximum JJ 12299 499 32 load load NN 12299 499 33 ( ( -LRB- 12299 499 34 P p NN 12299 499 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 499 36 . . . 12299 500 1 From from IN 12299 500 2 this this DT 12299 500 3 formulà formulà NNP 12299 500 4 ¦ ¦ : 12299 500 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 500 6 is be VBZ 12299 500 7 evident evident JJ 12299 500 8 that that IN 12299 500 9 for for IN 12299 500 10 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 500 11 prismatic prismatic JJ 12299 500 12 beams beam NNS 12299 500 13 of of IN 12299 500 14 the the DT 12299 500 15 same same JJ 12299 500 16 material material NN 12299 500 17 , , , 12299 500 18 mode mode NN 12299 500 19 of of IN 12299 500 20 support support NN 12299 500 21 , , , 12299 500 22 and and CC 12299 500 23 loading loading NN 12299 500 24 , , , 12299 500 25 the the DT 12299 500 26 load load NN 12299 500 27 which which WDT 12299 500 28 a a DT 12299 500 29 given give VBN 12299 500 30 beam beam NN 12299 500 31 can can MD 12299 500 32 support support VB 12299 500 33 varies varie NNS 12299 500 34 as as IN 12299 500 35 follows follow VBZ 12299 500 36 : : : 12299 500 37 ( ( -LRB- 12299 500 38 1 1 LS 12299 500 39 ) ) -RRB- 12299 500 40 It -PRON- PRP 12299 500 41 is be VBZ 12299 500 42 directly directly RB 12299 500 43 proportional proportional JJ 12299 500 44 to to IN 12299 500 45 the the DT 12299 500 46 breadth breadth NN 12299 500 47 for for IN 12299 500 48 beams beam NNS 12299 500 49 of of IN 12299 500 50 the the DT 12299 500 51 same same JJ 12299 500 52 length length NN 12299 500 53 and and CC 12299 500 54 depth depth NN 12299 500 55 , , , 12299 500 56 as as IN 12299 500 57 is be VBZ 12299 500 58 the the DT 12299 500 59 case case NN 12299 500 60 with with IN 12299 500 61 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 500 62 . . . 12299 501 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 501 2 2 2 LS 12299 501 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 501 4 It -PRON- PRP 12299 501 5 is be VBZ 12299 501 6 directly directly RB 12299 501 7 proportional proportional JJ 12299 501 8 to to IN 12299 501 9 the the DT 12299 501 10 square square NN 12299 501 11 of of IN 12299 501 12 the the DT 12299 501 13 height height NN 12299 501 14 for for IN 12299 501 15 beams beam NNS 12299 501 16 of of IN 12299 501 17 the the DT 12299 501 18 same same JJ 12299 501 19 length length NN 12299 501 20 and and CC 12299 501 21 breadth breadth NN 12299 501 22 , , , 12299 501 23 instead instead RB 12299 501 24 of of IN 12299 501 25 as as IN 12299 501 26 the the DT 12299 501 27 cube cube NN 12299 501 28 of of IN 12299 501 29 this this DT 12299 501 30 dimension dimension NN 12299 501 31 as as IN 12299 501 32 in in IN 12299 501 33 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 501 34 . . . 12299 502 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 502 2 3 3 LS 12299 502 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 502 4 It -PRON- PRP 12299 502 5 is be VBZ 12299 502 6 inversely inversely RB 12299 502 7 proportional proportional JJ 12299 502 8 to to IN 12299 502 9 the the DT 12299 502 10 span span NN 12299 502 11 for for IN 12299 502 12 beams beam NNS 12299 502 13 of of IN 12299 502 14 the the DT 12299 502 15 same same JJ 12299 502 16 breadth breadth NN 12299 502 17 and and CC 12299 502 18 depth depth NN 12299 502 19 and and CC 12299 502 20 not not RB 12299 502 21 to to IN 12299 502 22 the the DT 12299 502 23 cube cube NN 12299 502 24 of of IN 12299 502 25 this this DT 12299 502 26 dimension dimension NN 12299 502 27 as as IN 12299 502 28 in in IN 12299 502 29 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 502 30 . . . 12299 503 1 The the DT 12299 503 2 fact fact NN 12299 503 3 that that IN 12299 503 4 the the DT 12299 503 5 strength strength NN 12299 503 6 varies vary VBZ 12299 503 7 as as IN 12299 503 8 the the DT 12299 503 9 _ _ NNP 12299 503 10 square square NN 12299 503 11 _ _ NNP 12299 503 12 of of IN 12299 503 13 the the DT 12299 503 14 height height NN 12299 503 15 and and CC 12299 503 16 the the DT 12299 503 17 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 503 18 as as IN 12299 503 19 the the DT 12299 503 20 _ _ NNP 12299 503 21 cube cube NN 12299 503 22 _ _ NNP 12299 503 23 explains explain VBZ 12299 503 24 the the DT 12299 503 25 relationship relationship NN 12299 503 26 of of IN 12299 503 27 bending bend VBG 12299 503 28 to to IN 12299 503 29 thickness thickness NN 12299 503 30 . . . 12299 504 1 Were be VBD 12299 504 2 the the DT 12299 504 3 law law NN 12299 504 4 the the DT 12299 504 5 same same JJ 12299 504 6 for for IN 12299 504 7 strength strength NN 12299 504 8 and and CC 12299 504 9 stiffness stiffness VB 12299 504 10 a a DT 12299 504 11 thin thin JJ 12299 504 12 piece piece NN 12299 504 13 of of IN 12299 504 14 material material NN 12299 504 15 such such JJ 12299 504 16 as as IN 12299 504 17 a a DT 12299 504 18 sheet sheet NN 12299 504 19 of of IN 12299 504 20 paper paper NN 12299 504 21 could could MD 12299 504 22 not not RB 12299 504 23 be be VB 12299 504 24 bent bent JJ 12299 504 25 any any DT 12299 504 26 further further RB 12299 504 27 without without IN 12299 504 28 breaking break VBG 12299 504 29 than than IN 12299 504 30 a a DT 12299 504 31 thick thick JJ 12299 504 32 piece piece NN 12299 504 33 , , , 12299 504 34 say say VBP 12299 504 35 an an DT 12299 504 36 inch inch NN 12299 504 37 board board NN 12299 504 38 . . . 12299 505 1 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 505 2 | | NNP 12299 505 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 505 4 IX IX NNP 12299 505 5 | | NNP 12299 505 6 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 505 7 | | CD 12299 505 8 RESULTS RESULTS NNP 12299 505 9 OF of IN 12299 505 10 STATIC static NN 12299 505 11 BENDING BENDING NNP 12299 505 12 TESTS TESTS NNP 12299 505 13 ON on IN 12299 505 14 SMALL small JJ 12299 505 15 CLEAR CLEAR NNP 12299 505 16 BEAMS beams VBP 12299 505 17 OF of IN 12299 505 18 49 49 CD 12299 505 19 WOODS woods NN 12299 505 20 IN in IN 12299 505 21 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 505 22 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 505 23 | | NNP 12299 505 24 | | NNP 12299 505 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 505 26 Forest Forest NNP 12299 505 27 Service Service NNP 12299 505 28 Cir Cir NNP 12299 505 29 . . . 12299 506 1 213 213 CD 12299 506 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 506 3 | | NNP 12299 506 4 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 506 5 | | NNP 12299 506 6 | | NNP 12299 506 7 Fibre Fibre NNP 12299 506 8 | | HYPH 12299 506 9 | | NNP 12299 506 10 | | NNS 12299 506 11 Work work NN 12299 506 12 in in IN 12299 506 13 Bending Bending NNP 12299 506 14 | | HYPH 12299 506 15 | | CD 12299 506 16 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 506 17 NAME NAME NNP 12299 506 18 | | CD 12299 506 19 stress stress NN 12299 506 20 at at IN 12299 506 21 | | NNP 12299 506 22 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 506 23 | | NNP 12299 506 24 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 506 25 |-------------------------------| |-------------------------------| NNP 12299 506 26 | | NNP 12299 506 27 OF OF NNP 12299 506 28 SPECIES species JJ 12299 506 29 | | CD 12299 506 30 elastic elastic JJ 12299 506 31 | | NNP 12299 506 32 of of IN 12299 506 33 | | NNP 12299 506 34 of of IN 12299 506 35 | | CD 12299 506 36 To to IN 12299 506 37 | | CD 12299 506 38 To to IN 12299 506 39 | | CD 12299 506 40 | | CD 12299 506 41 | | CD 12299 506 42 | | CD 12299 506 43 limit limit NN 12299 506 44 | | CD 12299 506 45 rupture rupture NN 12299 506 46 | | CC 12299 506 47 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 506 48 | | CD 12299 506 49 elastic elastic JJ 12299 506 50 | | HYPH 12299 506 51 maximum maximum JJ 12299 506 52 | | NNP 12299 506 53 Total Total NNP 12299 506 54 | | NNP 12299 506 55 | | NNP 12299 506 56 | | CD 12299 506 57 | | CD 12299 506 58 | | CD 12299 506 59 | | CD 12299 506 60 limit limit NN 12299 506 61 | | HYPH 12299 506 62 load load NN 12299 506 63 | | NNP 12299 506 64 | | NNP 12299 506 65 |-----------------+-----------+----------+------------+----------+----------+---------| |-----------------+-----------+----------+------------+----------+----------+---------| NNP 12299 506 66 | | NNP 12299 506 67 | | NNP 12299 506 68 | | NNP 12299 506 69 | | CD 12299 506 70 | | NNS 12299 506 71 In.-lbs in.-lb NNS 12299 506 72 . . . 12299 507 1 | | NNP 12299 507 2 In.-lbs In.-lbs NNP 12299 507 3 . . . 12299 508 1 | | NNP 12299 508 2 In.-lb In.-lb NNP 12299 508 3 . . . 12299 509 1 | | NNP 12299 509 2 | | NNP 12299 509 3 | | NNP 12299 509 4 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 509 5 . . . 12299 510 1 per per IN 12299 510 2 | | NNP 12299 510 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 510 4 . . . 12299 511 1 per per IN 12299 511 2 | | NNP 12299 511 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 511 4 . . . 12299 512 1 per per IN 12299 512 2 | | NNP 12299 512 3 per per NNP 12299 512 4 cu cu NNP 12299 512 5 . . . 12299 513 1 | | NNS 12299 513 2 per per IN 12299 513 3 cu cu XX 12299 513 4 . . . 12299 514 1 | | NNP 12299 514 2 per per IN 12299 514 3 | | NNP 12299 514 4 | | NNP 12299 514 5 | | NNP 12299 514 6 sq sq NN 12299 514 7 . . . 12299 515 1 in in IN 12299 515 2 . . . 12299 516 1 | | NNP 12299 516 2 sq sq NNP 12299 516 3 . . . 12299 517 1 in in IN 12299 517 2 . . . 12299 518 1 | | NNP 12299 518 2 sq sq NNP 12299 518 3 . . . 12299 519 1 in in IN 12299 519 2 . . . 12299 520 1 | | NNP 12299 520 2 inch inch NN 12299 520 3 | | CD 12299 520 4 inch inch NN 12299 520 5 | | CD 12299 520 6 inch inch NN 12299 520 7 | | NNP 12299 520 8 | | CD 12299 520 9 | | CD 12299 520 10 | | CD 12299 520 11 | | CD 12299 520 12 | | CD 12299 520 13 | | CD 12299 520 14 | | CD 12299 520 15 | | CD 12299 520 16 | | NNP 12299 520 17 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 520 18 | | NNP 12299 520 19 | | NNP 12299 520 20 | | CD 12299 520 21 | | CD 12299 520 22 | | CD 12299 520 23 | | CD 12299 520 24 | | CD 12299 520 25 | | CD 12299 520 26 | | CD 12299 520 27 | | CD 12299 520 28 | | CD 12299 520 29 | | CD 12299 520 30 | | CD 12299 520 31 | | CD 12299 520 32 | | CD 12299 520 33 | | NNS 12299 520 34 Ash Ash NNP 12299 520 35 , , , 12299 520 36 black black JJ 12299 520 37 | | NNP 12299 520 38 2,580 2,580 CD 12299 520 39 | | CD 12299 520 40 6,000 6,000 CD 12299 520 41 | | CD 12299 520 42 960,000 960,000 CD 12299 520 43 | | CD 12299 520 44 0.41 0.41 CD 12299 520 45 | | CD 12299 520 46 13.1 13.1 CD 12299 520 47 | | CD 12299 520 48 38.9 38.9 CD 12299 520 49 | | CD 12299 520 50 | | CD 12299 520 51 white white JJ 12299 520 52 | | CD 12299 520 53 5,180 5,180 CD 12299 520 54 | | CD 12299 520 55 9,920 9,920 CD 12299 520 56 | | CD 12299 520 57 1,416,000 1,416,000 CD 12299 520 58 | | CD 12299 520 59 1.10 1.10 CD 12299 520 60 | | CD 12299 520 61 20.0 20.0 CD 12299 520 62 | | CD 12299 520 63 43.7 43.7 CD 12299 520 64 | | CD 12299 520 65 | | CD 12299 520 66 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 520 67 | | NNP 12299 520 68 2,480 2,480 CD 12299 520 69 | | CD 12299 520 70 4,450 4,450 CD 12299 520 71 | | CD 12299 520 72 842,000 842,000 CD 12299 520 73 | | CD 12299 520 74 .45 .45 CD 12299 520 75 | | CD 12299 520 76 5.8 5.8 CD 12299 520 77 | | CD 12299 520 78 8.9 8.9 CD 12299 520 79 | | CD 12299 520 80 | | NNP 12299 520 81 Beech Beech NNP 12299 520 82 | | CD 12299 520 83 4,490 4,490 CD 12299 520 84 | | CD 12299 520 85 8,610 8,610 CD 12299 520 86 | | CD 12299 520 87 1,353,000 1,353,000 CD 12299 520 88 | | CD 12299 520 89 .96 .96 CD 12299 520 90 | | CD 12299 520 91 14.1 14.1 CD 12299 520 92 | | CD 12299 520 93 31.4 31.4 CD 12299 520 94 | | CD 12299 520 95 | | NNP 12299 520 96 Birch Birch NNP 12299 520 97 , , , 12299 520 98 yellow yellow JJ 12299 520 99 | | CD 12299 520 100 4,190 4,190 CD 12299 520 101 | | CD 12299 520 102 8,390 8,390 CD 12299 520 103 | | CD 12299 520 104 1,597,000 1,597,000 CD 12299 520 105 | | CD 12299 520 106 .62 .62 CD 12299 520 107 | | CD 12299 520 108 14.2 14.2 CD 12299 520 109 | | CD 12299 520 110 31.5 31.5 CD 12299 520 111 | | CD 12299 520 112 | | NNP 12299 520 113 Elm elm NN 12299 520 114 , , , 12299 520 115 rock rock NN 12299 520 116 | | NNP 12299 520 117 4,290 4,290 CD 12299 520 118 | | CD 12299 520 119 9,430 9,430 CD 12299 520 120 | | CD 12299 520 121 1,222,000 1,222,000 CD 12299 520 122 | | CD 12299 520 123 .90 .90 CD 12299 520 124 | | CD 12299 520 125 19.4 19.4 CD 12299 520 126 | | CD 12299 520 127 47.4 47.4 CD 12299 520 128 | | CD 12299 520 129 | | CD 12299 520 130 slippery slippery JJ 12299 520 131 | | CD 12299 520 132 5,560 5,560 CD 12299 520 133 | | CD 12299 520 134 9,510 9,510 CD 12299 520 135 | | CD 12299 520 136 1,314,000 1,314,000 CD 12299 520 137 | | CD 12299 520 138 1.32 1.32 CD 12299 520 139 | | CD 12299 520 140 11.7 11.7 CD 12299 520 141 | | CD 12299 520 142 44.2 44.2 CD 12299 520 143 | | CD 12299 520 144 | | CD 12299 520 145 white white JJ 12299 520 146 | | CD 12299 520 147 2,850 2,850 CD 12299 520 148 | | CD 12299 520 149 6,940 6,940 CD 12299 520 150 | | CD 12299 520 151 1,052,000 1,052,000 CD 12299 520 152 | | CD 12299 520 153 .44 .44 CD 12299 520 154 | | CD 12299 520 155 11.8 11.8 CD 12299 520 156 | | CD 12299 520 157 27.4 27.4 CD 12299 520 158 | | CD 12299 520 159 | | NNP 12299 520 160 Gum Gum NNP 12299 520 161 , , , 12299 520 162 red red JJ 12299 520 163 | | NNP 12299 520 164 3,460 3,460 CD 12299 520 165 | | CD 12299 520 166 6,450 6,450 CD 12299 520 167 | | CD 12299 520 168 1,138,000 1,138,000 CD 12299 520 169 | | CD 12299 520 170 | | CD 12299 520 171 | | CD 12299 520 172 | | CD 12299 520 173 | | CD 12299 520 174 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 520 175 | | NNP 12299 520 176 3,320 3,320 CD 12299 520 177 | | CD 12299 520 178 7,800 7,800 CD 12299 520 179 | | CD 12299 520 180 1,170,000 1,170,000 CD 12299 520 181 | | CD 12299 520 182 .56 .56 CD 12299 520 183 | | CD 12299 520 184 19.6 19.6 CD 12299 520 185 | | CD 12299 520 186 52.9 52.9 CD 12299 520 187 | | CD 12299 520 188 | | NNP 12299 520 189 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 520 190 , , , 12299 520 191 | | NNP 12299 520 192 | | CD 12299 520 193 | | CD 12299 520 194 | | CD 12299 520 195 | | CD 12299 520 196 | | CD 12299 520 197 | | CD 12299 520 198 | | CD 12299 520 199 big big JJ 12299 520 200 shellbark shellbark NN 12299 520 201 | | CD 12299 520 202 6,370 6,370 CD 12299 520 203 | | CD 12299 520 204 11,110 11,110 CD 12299 520 205 | | CD 12299 520 206 1,562,000 1,562,000 CD 12299 520 207 | | CD 12299 520 208 1.47 1.47 CD 12299 520 209 | | CD 12299 520 210 24.3 24.3 CD 12299 520 211 | | CD 12299 520 212 78.0 78.0 CD 12299 520 213 | | CD 12299 520 214 | | NNP 12299 520 215 bitternut bitternut NN 12299 520 216 | | NNP 12299 520 217 5,470 5,470 CD 12299 520 218 | | CD 12299 520 219 10,280 10,280 CD 12299 520 220 | | CD 12299 520 221 1,399,000 1,399,000 CD 12299 520 222 | | CD 12299 520 223 1.22 1.22 CD 12299 520 224 | | CD 12299 520 225 20.0 20.0 CD 12299 520 226 | | CD 12299 520 227 75.5 75.5 CD 12299 520 228 | | CD 12299 520 229 | | NNP 12299 520 230 mockernut mockernut NN 12299 520 231 | | CD 12299 520 232 6,550 6,550 CD 12299 520 233 | | CD 12299 520 234 11,110 11,110 CD 12299 520 235 | | CD 12299 520 236 1,508,000 1,508,000 CD 12299 520 237 | | CD 12299 520 238 1.50 1.50 CD 12299 520 239 | | CD 12299 520 240 31.7 31.7 CD 12299 520 241 | | CD 12299 520 242 84.4 84.4 CD 12299 520 243 | | CD 12299 520 244 | | CD 12299 520 245 nutmeg nutmeg NN 12299 520 246 | | CD 12299 520 247 4,860 4,860 CD 12299 520 248 | | CD 12299 520 249 9,060 9,060 CD 12299 520 250 | | CD 12299 520 251 1,289,000 1,289,000 CD 12299 520 252 | | CD 12299 520 253 1.06 1.06 CD 12299 520 254 | | CD 12299 520 255 22.8 22.8 CD 12299 520 256 | | CD 12299 520 257 58.2 58.2 CD 12299 520 258 | | CD 12299 520 259 | | NNP 12299 520 260 pignut pignut NN 12299 520 261 | | CD 12299 520 262 5,860 5,860 CD 12299 520 263 | | CD 12299 520 264 11,810 11,810 CD 12299 520 265 | | CD 12299 520 266 1,769,000 1,769,000 CD 12299 520 267 | | CD 12299 520 268 1.12 1.12 CD 12299 520 269 | | CD 12299 520 270 30.6 30.6 CD 12299 520 271 | | CD 12299 520 272 86.7 86.7 CD 12299 520 273 | | CD 12299 520 274 | | CD 12299 520 275 shagbark shagbark VB 12299 520 276 | | CD 12299 520 277 6,120 6,120 CD 12299 520 278 | | CD 12299 520 279 11,000 11,000 CD 12299 520 280 | | CD 12299 520 281 1,752,000 1,752,000 CD 12299 520 282 | | CD 12299 520 283 1.22 1.22 CD 12299 520 284 | | CD 12299 520 285 18.3 18.3 CD 12299 520 286 | | CD 12299 520 287 72.3 72.3 CD 12299 520 288 | | CD 12299 520 289 | | CD 12299 520 290 water water NN 12299 520 291 | | CD 12299 520 292 5,980 5,980 CD 12299 520 293 | | CD 12299 520 294 10,740 10,740 CD 12299 520 295 | | CD 12299 520 296 1,563,000 1,563,000 CD 12299 520 297 | | CD 12299 520 298 1.29 1.29 CD 12299 520 299 | | CD 12299 520 300 18.8 18.8 CD 12299 520 301 | | CD 12299 520 302 52.9 52.9 CD 12299 520 303 | | CD 12299 520 304 | | NNP 12299 520 305 Locust Locust NNP 12299 520 306 , , , 12299 520 307 honey honey NN 12299 520 308 | | NNP 12299 520 309 6,020 6,020 CD 12299 520 310 | | CD 12299 520 311 12,360 12,360 CD 12299 520 312 | | CD 12299 520 313 1,732,000 1,732,000 CD 12299 520 314 | | CD 12299 520 315 1.28 1.28 CD 12299 520 316 | | CD 12299 520 317 17.3 17.3 CD 12299 520 318 | | CD 12299 520 319 64.4 64.4 CD 12299 520 320 | | CD 12299 520 321 | | NNP 12299 520 322 Maple Maple NNP 12299 520 323 , , , 12299 520 324 red red JJ 12299 520 325 | | CD 12299 520 326 4,450 4,450 CD 12299 520 327 | | CD 12299 520 328 8,310 8,310 CD 12299 520 329 | | CD 12299 520 330 1,445,000 1,445,000 CD 12299 520 331 | | CD 12299 520 332 .78 .78 CD 12299 520 333 | | CD 12299 520 334 9.8 9.8 CD 12299 520 335 | | CD 12299 520 336 17.1 17.1 CD 12299 520 337 | | CD 12299 520 338 | | CD 12299 520 339 sugar sugar NN 12299 520 340 | | CD 12299 520 341 4,630 4,630 CD 12299 520 342 | | CD 12299 520 343 8,860 8,860 CD 12299 520 344 | | CD 12299 520 345 1,462,000 1,462,000 CD 12299 520 346 | | CD 12299 520 347 .88 .88 CD 12299 520 348 | | CD 12299 520 349 12.7 12.7 CD 12299 520 350 | | CD 12299 520 351 32.0 32.0 CD 12299 520 352 | | CD 12299 520 353 | | NNP 12299 520 354 Oak Oak NNP 12299 520 355 , , , 12299 520 356 post post NNP 12299 520 357 | | NNP 12299 520 358 4,720 4,720 CD 12299 520 359 | | CD 12299 520 360 7,380 7,380 CD 12299 520 361 | | CD 12299 520 362 913,000 913,000 CD 12299 520 363 | | CD 12299 520 364 1.39 1.39 CD 12299 520 365 | | CD 12299 520 366 9.1 9.1 CD 12299 520 367 | | CD 12299 520 368 17.4 17.4 CD 12299 520 369 | | CD 12299 520 370 | | CD 12299 520 371 red red JJ 12299 520 372 | | CD 12299 520 373 3,490 3,490 CD 12299 520 374 | | CD 12299 520 375 7,780 7,780 CD 12299 520 376 | | CD 12299 520 377 1,268,000 1,268,000 CD 12299 520 378 | | CD 12299 520 379 .60 .60 CD 12299 520 380 | | CD 12299 520 381 11.4 11.4 CD 12299 520 382 | | CD 12299 520 383 26.0 26.0 CD 12299 520 384 | | CD 12299 520 385 | | CD 12299 520 386 swamp swamp NN 12299 520 387 white white JJ 12299 520 388 | | CD 12299 520 389 5,380 5,380 CD 12299 520 390 | | CD 12299 520 391 9,860 9,860 CD 12299 520 392 | | CD 12299 520 393 1,593,000 1,593,000 CD 12299 520 394 | | CD 12299 520 395 1.05 1.05 CD 12299 520 396 | | CD 12299 520 397 14.5 14.5 CD 12299 520 398 | | CD 12299 520 399 37.6 37.6 CD 12299 520 400 | | CD 12299 520 401 | | CD 12299 520 402 tanbark tanbark NN 12299 520 403 | | CD 12299 520 404 6,580 6,580 CD 12299 520 405 | | CD 12299 520 406 10,710 10,710 CD 12299 520 407 | | CD 12299 520 408 1,678,000 1,678,000 CD 12299 520 409 | | CD 12299 520 410 1.49 1.49 CD 12299 520 411 | | CD 12299 520 412 | | CD 12299 520 413 | | CD 12299 520 414 | | CD 12299 520 415 white white JJ 12299 520 416 | | CD 12299 520 417 4,320 4,320 CD 12299 520 418 | | CD 12299 520 419 8,090 8,090 CD 12299 520 420 | | CD 12299 520 421 1,137,000 1,137,000 CD 12299 520 422 | | CD 12299 520 423 .95 .95 CD 12299 520 424 | | CD 12299 520 425 12.1 12.1 CD 12299 520 426 | | CD 12299 520 427 36.7 36.7 CD 12299 520 428 | | CD 12299 520 429 | | CD 12299 520 430 yellow yellow JJ 12299 520 431 | | CD 12299 520 432 5,060 5,060 CD 12299 520 433 | | CD 12299 520 434 8,570 8,570 CD 12299 520 435 | | CD 12299 520 436 1,219,000 1,219,000 CD 12299 520 437 | | CD 12299 520 438 1.20 1.20 CD 12299 520 439 | | CD 12299 520 440 11.7 11.7 CD 12299 520 441 | | CD 12299 520 442 30.7 30.7 CD 12299 520 443 | | CD 12299 520 444 | | NNP 12299 520 445 Osage Osage NNP 12299 520 446 orange orange NN 12299 520 447 | | CD 12299 520 448 7,760 7,760 CD 12299 520 449 | | CD 12299 520 450 13,660 13,660 CD 12299 520 451 | | CD 12299 520 452 1,329,000 1,329,000 CD 12299 520 453 | | CD 12299 520 454 2.53 2.53 CD 12299 520 455 | | CD 12299 520 456 37.9 37.9 CD 12299 520 457 | | CD 12299 520 458 101.7 101.7 CD 12299 520 459 | | CD 12299 520 460 | | NNP 12299 520 461 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 520 462 | | POS 12299 520 463 2,820 2,820 CD 12299 520 464 | | CD 12299 520 465 6,300 6,300 CD 12299 520 466 | | CD 12299 520 467 961,000 961,000 CD 12299 520 468 | | CD 12299 520 469 .51 .51 CD 12299 520 470 | | CD 12299 520 471 7.1 7.1 CD 12299 520 472 | | CD 12299 520 473 13.6 13.6 CD 12299 520 474 | | CD 12299 520 475 | | CD 12299 520 476 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 520 477 | | NNP 12299 520 478 4,300 4,300 CD 12299 520 479 | | CD 12299 520 480 7,380 7,380 CD 12299 520 481 | | CD 12299 520 482 1,045,000 1,045,000 CD 12299 520 483 | | CD 12299 520 484 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 520 485 | | CD 12299 520 486 7.8 7.8 CD 12299 520 487 | | CD 12299 520 488 20.9 20.9 CD 12299 520 489 | | CD 12299 520 490 | | CD 12299 520 491 | | CD 12299 520 492 | | CD 12299 520 493 | | CD 12299 520 494 | | CD 12299 520 495 | | CD 12299 520 496 | | CD 12299 520 497 | | CD 12299 520 498 | | NNP 12299 520 499 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 520 500 | | NNP 12299 520 501 | | NNP 12299 520 502 | | CD 12299 520 503 | | CD 12299 520 504 | | CD 12299 520 505 | | CD 12299 520 506 | | CD 12299 520 507 | | CD 12299 520 508 | | CD 12299 520 509 | | CD 12299 520 510 | | CD 12299 520 511 | | CD 12299 520 512 | | CD 12299 520 513 | | CD 12299 520 514 | | CD 12299 520 515 | | CD 12299 520 516 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 520 517 ¦ ¦ : 12299 520 518 | | CD 12299 520 519 2,600 2,600 CD 12299 520 520 | | CD 12299 520 521 4,250 4,250 CD 12299 520 522 | | CD 12299 520 523 643,000 643,000 CD 12299 520 524 | | CD 12299 520 525 .60 .60 CD 12299 520 526 | | CD 12299 520 527 5.7 5.7 CD 12299 520 528 | | CD 12299 520 529 9.5 9.5 CD 12299 520 530 | | CD 12299 520 531 | | NNP 12299 520 532 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 520 533 , , , 12299 520 534 incense incense NN 12299 520 535 | | CD 12299 520 536 3,950 3,950 CD 12299 520 537 | | CD 12299 520 538 6,040 6,040 CD 12299 520 539 | | CD 12299 520 540 754,000 754,000 CD 12299 520 541 | | CD 12299 520 542 | | CD 12299 520 543 | | CD 12299 520 544 | | CD 12299 520 545 | | NNP 12299 520 546 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 520 547 , , , 12299 520 548 bald bald JJ 12299 520 549 | | CD 12299 520 550 4,430 4,430 CD 12299 520 551 | | CD 12299 520 552 7,110 7,110 CD 12299 520 553 | | CD 12299 520 554 1,378,000 1,378,000 CD 12299 520 555 | | CD 12299 520 556 .96 .96 CD 12299 520 557 | | CD 12299 520 558 5.1 5.1 CD 12299 520 559 | | CD 12299 520 560 15.4 15.4 CD 12299 520 561 | | CD 12299 520 562 | | NNP 12299 520 563 Fir Fir NNP 12299 520 564 , , , 12299 520 565 alpine alpine NN 12299 520 566 | | CD 12299 520 567 2,366 2,366 CD 12299 520 568 | | CD 12299 520 569 4,450 4,450 CD 12299 520 570 | | CD 12299 520 571 861,000 861,000 CD 12299 520 572 | | CD 12299 520 573 .66 .66 CD 12299 520 574 | | CD 12299 520 575 4.4 4.4 CD 12299 520 576 | | CD 12299 520 577 7.4 7.4 CD 12299 520 578 | | CD 12299 520 579 | | CD 12299 520 580 amabilis amabilis NN 12299 520 581 | | CD 12299 520 582 4,060 4,060 CD 12299 520 583 | | CD 12299 520 584 6,570 6,570 CD 12299 520 585 | | CD 12299 520 586 1,323,000 1,323,000 CD 12299 520 587 | | CD 12299 520 588 | | CD 12299 520 589 | | CD 12299 520 590 | | CD 12299 520 591 | | NNP 12299 520 592 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 520 593 | | POS 12299 520 594 3,570 3,570 CD 12299 520 595 | | CD 12299 520 596 6,340 6,340 CD 12299 520 597 | | CD 12299 520 598 1,242,000 1,242,000 CD 12299 520 599 | | CD 12299 520 600 .59 .59 CD 12299 520 601 | | CD 12299 520 602 6.6 6.6 CD 12299 520 603 | | CD 12299 520 604 13.6 13.6 CD 12299 520 605 | | CD 12299 520 606 | | CD 12299 520 607 white white JJ 12299 520 608 | | CD 12299 520 609 3,880 3,880 CD 12299 520 610 | | CD 12299 520 611 5,970 5,970 CD 12299 520 612 | | CD 12299 520 613 1,131,000 1,131,000 CD 12299 520 614 | | CD 12299 520 615 .77 .77 CD 12299 520 616 | | CD 12299 520 617 5.2 5.2 CD 12299 520 618 | | CD 12299 520 619 14.9 14.9 CD 12299 520 620 | | CD 12299 520 621 | | NNP 12299 520 622 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 520 623 | | NNP 12299 520 624 3,410 3,410 CD 12299 520 625 | | CD 12299 520 626 5,770 5,770 CD 12299 520 627 | | CD 12299 520 628 917,000 917,000 CD 12299 520 629 | | CD 12299 520 630 .73 .73 CD 12299 520 631 | | CD 12299 520 632 6.6 6.6 CD 12299 520 633 | | CD 12299 520 634 12.9 12.9 CD 12299 520 635 | | CD 12299 520 636 | | NNP 12299 520 637 Pine Pine NNP 12299 520 638 , , , 12299 520 639 lodgepole lodgepole NN 12299 520 640 | | NNP 12299 520 641 3,080 3,080 CD 12299 520 642 | | CD 12299 520 643 5,130 5,130 CD 12299 520 644 | | CD 12299 520 645 1,015,000 1,015,000 CD 12299 520 646 | | CD 12299 520 647 .54 .54 CD 12299 520 648 | | CD 12299 520 649 5.1 5.1 CD 12299 520 650 | | CD 12299 520 651 7.4 7.4 CD 12299 520 652 | | CD 12299 520 653 | | CD 12299 520 654 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 520 655 | | CD 12299 520 656 5,090 5,090 CD 12299 520 657 | | CD 12299 520 658 8,630 8,630 CD 12299 520 659 | | CD 12299 520 660 1,662,000 1,662,000 CD 12299 520 661 | | CD 12299 520 662 .88 .88 CD 12299 520 663 | | CD 12299 520 664 8.1 8.1 CD 12299 520 665 | | CD 12299 520 666 34.8 34.8 CD 12299 520 667 | | CD 12299 520 668 | | CD 12299 520 669 red red JJ 12299 520 670 | | CD 12299 520 671 3,740 3,740 CD 12299 520 672 | | CD 12299 520 673 6,430 6,430 CD 12299 520 674 | | CD 12299 520 675 1,384,000 1,384,000 CD 12299 520 676 | | CD 12299 520 677 .59 .59 CD 12299 520 678 | | CD 12299 520 679 5.8 5.8 CD 12299 520 680 | | CD 12299 520 681 28.0 28.0 CD 12299 520 682 | | CD 12299 520 683 | | CD 12299 520 684 shortleaf shortleaf JJ 12299 520 685 | | CD 12299 520 686 4,360 4,360 CD 12299 520 687 | | CD 12299 520 688 7,710 7,710 CD 12299 520 689 | | CD 12299 520 690 1,395,000 1,395,000 CD 12299 520 691 | | CD 12299 520 692 | | CD 12299 520 693 | | CD 12299 520 694 | | CD 12299 520 695 | | CD 12299 520 696 sugar sugar NN 12299 520 697 | | NNP 12299 520 698 3,330 3,330 CD 12299 520 699 | | CD 12299 520 700 5,270 5,270 CD 12299 520 701 | | CD 12299 520 702 966,000 966,000 CD 12299 520 703 | | CD 12299 520 704 .66 .66 CD 12299 520 705 | | CD 12299 520 706 5.0 5.0 CD 12299 520 707 | | CD 12299 520 708 11.6 11.6 CD 12299 520 709 | | CD 12299 520 710 | | CD 12299 520 711 west west NN 12299 520 712 , , , 12299 520 713 yellow yellow NNP 12299 520 714 | | CD 12299 520 715 3,180 3,180 CD 12299 520 716 | | CD 12299 520 717 5,180 5,180 CD 12299 520 718 | | CD 12299 520 719 1,111,000 1,111,000 CD 12299 520 720 | | CD 12299 520 721 .52 .52 CD 12299 520 722 | | CD 12299 520 723 4.3 4.3 CD 12299 520 724 | | CD 12299 520 725 15.6 15.6 CD 12299 520 726 | | CD 12299 520 727 | | NNP 12299 520 728 White White NNP 12299 520 729 | | CD 12299 520 730 3,410 3,410 CD 12299 520 731 | | CD 12299 520 732 5,310 5,310 CD 12299 520 733 | | CD 12299 520 734 1,073,000 1,073,000 CD 12299 520 735 | | CD 12299 520 736 .62 .62 CD 12299 520 737 | | CD 12299 520 738 5.9 5.9 CD 12299 520 739 | | CD 12299 520 740 13.3 13.3 CD 12299 520 741 | | CD 12299 520 742 | | NNP 12299 520 743 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 520 744 | | CD 12299 520 745 4,530 4,530 CD 12299 520 746 | | CD 12299 520 747 6,560 6,560 CD 12299 520 748 | | CD 12299 520 749 1,024,000 1,024,000 CD 12299 520 750 | | CD 12299 520 751 | | CD 12299 520 752 | | CD 12299 520 753 | | CD 12299 520 754 | | NNS 12299 520 755 Spruce spruce NN 12299 520 756 , , , 12299 520 757 | | NNP 12299 520 758 | | CD 12299 520 759 | | CD 12299 520 760 | | CD 12299 520 761 | | CD 12299 520 762 | | CD 12299 520 763 | | CD 12299 520 764 | | NNP 12299 520 765 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 520 766 | | CD 12299 520 767 2,740 2,740 CD 12299 520 768 | | CD 12299 520 769 4,550 4,550 CD 12299 520 770 | | CD 12299 520 771 866,000 866,000 CD 12299 520 772 | | CD 12299 520 773 .50 .50 CD 12299 520 774 | | CD 12299 520 775 4.8 4.8 CD 12299 520 776 | | CD 12299 520 777 6.1 6.1 CD 12299 520 778 | | CD 12299 520 779 | | CD 12299 520 780 red red JJ 12299 520 781 | | CD 12299 520 782 3,440 3,440 CD 12299 520 783 | | CD 12299 520 784 5,820 5,820 CD 12299 520 785 | | CD 12299 520 786 1,143,000 1,143,000 CD 12299 520 787 | | CD 12299 520 788 .62 .62 CD 12299 520 789 | | CD 12299 520 790 6.0 6.0 CD 12299 520 791 | | CD 12299 520 792 | | CD 12299 520 793 | | CD 12299 520 794 white white JJ 12299 520 795 | | CD 12299 520 796 3,160 3,160 CD 12299 520 797 | | CD 12299 520 798 5,200 5,200 CD 12299 520 799 | | CD 12299 520 800 968,000 968,000 CD 12299 520 801 | | CD 12299 520 802 .58 .58 CD 12299 520 803 | | CD 12299 520 804 6.6 6.6 CD 12299 520 805 | | CD 12299 520 806 | | CD 12299 520 807 | | NNP 12299 520 808 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 520 809 | | NNP 12299 520 810 4,200 4,200 CD 12299 520 811 | | CD 12299 520 812 7,170 7,170 CD 12299 520 813 | | CD 12299 520 814 1,236,000 1,236,000 CD 12299 520 815 | | CD 12299 520 816 .84 .84 CD 12299 520 817 | | CD 12299 520 818 7.2 7.2 CD 12299 520 819 | | CD 12299 520 820 30.0 30.0 CD 12299 520 821 | | CD 12299 520 822 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 520 823 _ _ NNP 12299 520 824 Kinds Kinds NNPS 12299 520 825 of of IN 12299 520 826 Loads Loads NNPS 12299 520 827 _ _ NNP 12299 520 828 There there EX 12299 520 829 are be VBP 12299 520 830 various various JJ 12299 520 831 ways way NNS 12299 520 832 in in IN 12299 520 833 which which WDT 12299 520 834 beams beam NNS 12299 520 835 are be VBP 12299 520 836 loaded load VBN 12299 520 837 , , , 12299 520 838 of of IN 12299 520 839 which which WDT 12299 520 840 the the DT 12299 520 841 following follow VBG 12299 520 842 are be VBP 12299 520 843 the the DT 12299 520 844 most most RBS 12299 520 845 important important JJ 12299 520 846 : : : 12299 520 847 ( ( -LRB- 12299 520 848 1 1 LS 12299 520 849 ) ) -RRB- 12299 520 850 ~Uniform ~Uniform NFP 12299 520 851 load~ load~ NNP 12299 520 852 occurs occur VBZ 12299 520 853 where where WRB 12299 520 854 the the DT 12299 520 855 load load NN 12299 520 856 is be VBZ 12299 520 857 spread spread VBN 12299 520 858 evenly evenly RB 12299 520 859 over over IN 12299 520 860 the the DT 12299 520 861 beam beam NN 12299 520 862 . . . 12299 521 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 521 2 2 2 LS 12299 521 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 521 4 ~Concentrated ~concentrate VBD 12299 521 5 load~ load~ NNP 12299 521 6 occurs occur VBZ 12299 521 7 where where WRB 12299 521 8 the the DT 12299 521 9 load load NN 12299 521 10 is be VBZ 12299 521 11 applied apply VBN 12299 521 12 at at IN 12299 521 13 single single JJ 12299 521 14 point point NN 12299 521 15 or or CC 12299 521 16 points point NNS 12299 521 17 . . . 12299 522 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 522 2 3 3 LS 12299 522 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 522 4 ~Live~ ~Live~ , 12299 522 5 or or CC 12299 522 6 ~immediate ~immediate VB 12299 522 7 load~ load~ NNP 12299 522 8 is be VBZ 12299 522 9 one one CD 12299 522 10 of of IN 12299 522 11 momentary momentary JJ 12299 522 12 or or CC 12299 522 13 short short JJ 12299 522 14 duration duration NN 12299 522 15 at at IN 12299 522 16 any any DT 12299 522 17 one one CD 12299 522 18 point point NN 12299 522 19 , , , 12299 522 20 such such JJ 12299 522 21 as as IN 12299 522 22 occurs occur VBZ 12299 522 23 in in IN 12299 522 24 crossing cross VBG 12299 522 25 a a DT 12299 522 26 bridge bridge NN 12299 522 27 . . . 12299 523 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 523 2 4 4 CD 12299 523 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 523 4 ~Dead~ ~Dead~ . 12299 523 5 or or CC 12299 523 6 ~permanent ~permanent NNP 12299 523 7 load~ load~ NNP 12299 523 8 is be VBZ 12299 523 9 one one CD 12299 523 10 of of IN 12299 523 11 constant constant JJ 12299 523 12 and and CC 12299 523 13 indeterminate indeterminate JJ 12299 523 14 duration duration NN 12299 523 15 , , , 12299 523 16 as as IN 12299 523 17 books book NNS 12299 523 18 on on IN 12299 523 19 a a DT 12299 523 20 shelf shelf NN 12299 523 21 . . . 12299 524 1 In in IN 12299 524 2 the the DT 12299 524 3 case case NN 12299 524 4 of of IN 12299 524 5 a a DT 12299 524 6 bridge bridge NN 12299 524 7 the the DT 12299 524 8 weight weight NN 12299 524 9 of of IN 12299 524 10 the the DT 12299 524 11 structure structure NN 12299 524 12 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 524 13 is be VBZ 12299 524 14 the the DT 12299 524 15 dead dead JJ 12299 524 16 load load NN 12299 524 17 . . . 12299 525 1 All all DT 12299 525 2 large large JJ 12299 525 3 beams beam NNS 12299 525 4 support support VBP 12299 525 5 a a DT 12299 525 6 uniform uniform JJ 12299 525 7 dead dead JJ 12299 525 8 load load NN 12299 525 9 consisting consisting NN 12299 525 10 of of IN 12299 525 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 525 12 own own JJ 12299 525 13 weight weight NN 12299 525 14 . . . 12299 526 1 The the DT 12299 526 2 effect effect NN 12299 526 3 of of IN 12299 526 4 dead dead JJ 12299 526 5 load load NN 12299 526 6 on on IN 12299 526 7 a a DT 12299 526 8 wooden wooden JJ 12299 526 9 beam beam NN 12299 526 10 may may MD 12299 526 11 be be VB 12299 526 12 two two CD 12299 526 13 or or CC 12299 526 14 more more JJR 12299 526 15 times time NNS 12299 526 16 that that WDT 12299 526 17 produced produce VBN 12299 526 18 by by IN 12299 526 19 an an DT 12299 526 20 immediate immediate JJ 12299 526 21 load load NN 12299 526 22 of of IN 12299 526 23 the the DT 12299 526 24 same same JJ 12299 526 25 weight weight NN 12299 526 26 . . . 12299 527 1 Loads load NNS 12299 527 2 greater great JJR 12299 527 3 than than IN 12299 527 4 the the DT 12299 527 5 elastic elastic JJ 12299 527 6 limit limit NN 12299 527 7 are be VBP 12299 527 8 unsafe unsafe JJ 12299 527 9 and and CC 12299 527 10 will will MD 12299 527 11 generally generally RB 12299 527 12 result result VB 12299 527 13 in in IN 12299 527 14 rupture rupture NN 12299 527 15 if if IN 12299 527 16 continued continue VBN 12299 527 17 long long RB 12299 527 18 enough enough RB 12299 527 19 . . . 12299 528 1 A a DT 12299 528 2 beam beam NN 12299 528 3 may may MD 12299 528 4 be be VB 12299 528 5 considered consider VBN 12299 528 6 safe safe JJ 12299 528 7 under under IN 12299 528 8 permanent permanent JJ 12299 528 9 load load NN 12299 528 10 when when WRB 12299 528 11 the the DT 12299 528 12 deflections deflection NNS 12299 528 13 diminish diminish VBP 12299 528 14 during during IN 12299 528 15 equal equal JJ 12299 528 16 successive successive JJ 12299 528 17 periods period NNS 12299 528 18 of of IN 12299 528 19 time time NN 12299 528 20 . . . 12299 529 1 A a DT 12299 529 2 continual continual JJ 12299 529 3 increase increase NN 12299 529 4 in in IN 12299 529 5 deflection deflection NN 12299 529 6 indicates indicate VBZ 12299 529 7 an an DT 12299 529 8 unsafe unsafe JJ 12299 529 9 load load NN 12299 529 10 which which WDT 12299 529 11 is be VBZ 12299 529 12 almost almost RB 12299 529 13 certain certain JJ 12299 529 14 to to TO 12299 529 15 rupture rupture VB 12299 529 16 the the DT 12299 529 17 beam beam NN 12299 529 18 eventually eventually RB 12299 529 19 . . . 12299 530 1 Variations variation NNS 12299 530 2 in in IN 12299 530 3 the the DT 12299 530 4 humidity humidity NN 12299 530 5 of of IN 12299 530 6 the the DT 12299 530 7 surrounding surround VBG 12299 530 8 air air NN 12299 530 9 influence influence NN 12299 530 10 the the DT 12299 530 11 deflection deflection NN 12299 530 12 of of IN 12299 530 13 dry dry JJ 12299 530 14 wood wood NN 12299 530 15 under under IN 12299 530 16 dead dead JJ 12299 530 17 load load NN 12299 530 18 , , , 12299 530 19 and and CC 12299 530 20 increased increase VBN 12299 530 21 deflections deflection NNS 12299 530 22 during during IN 12299 530 23 damp damp JJ 12299 530 24 weather weather NN 12299 530 25 are be VBP 12299 530 26 cumulative cumulative JJ 12299 530 27 and and CC 12299 530 28 not not RB 12299 530 29 recovered recover VBN 12299 530 30 by by IN 12299 530 31 subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 530 32 drying drying NN 12299 530 33 . . . 12299 531 1 In in IN 12299 531 2 the the DT 12299 531 3 case case NN 12299 531 4 of of IN 12299 531 5 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 531 6 pine pine NN 12299 531 7 , , , 12299 531 8 dry dry JJ 12299 531 9 beams beam NNS 12299 531 10 may may MD 12299 531 11 with with IN 12299 531 12 safety safety NN 12299 531 13 be be VB 12299 531 14 loaded load VBN 12299 531 15 permanently permanently RB 12299 531 16 to to IN 12299 531 17 within within IN 12299 531 18 three three CD 12299 531 19 - - HYPH 12299 531 20 fourths fourth NNS 12299 531 21 of of IN 12299 531 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 531 23 elastic elastic JJ 12299 531 24 limit limit NN 12299 531 25 as as IN 12299 531 26 determined determine VBN 12299 531 27 from from IN 12299 531 28 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 531 29 static static JJ 12299 531 30 tests test NNS 12299 531 31 . . . 12299 532 1 Increased increase VBN 12299 532 2 moisture moisture NN 12299 532 3 content content NN 12299 532 4 , , , 12299 532 5 due due IN 12299 532 6 to to IN 12299 532 7 greater great JJR 12299 532 8 humidity humidity NN 12299 532 9 of of IN 12299 532 10 the the DT 12299 532 11 air air NN 12299 532 12 , , , 12299 532 13 lowers lower VBZ 12299 532 14 the the DT 12299 532 15 elastic elastic JJ 12299 532 16 limit limit NN 12299 532 17 of of IN 12299 532 18 wood wood NN 12299 532 19 so so IN 12299 532 20 that that IN 12299 532 21 what what WP 12299 532 22 was be VBD 12299 532 23 a a DT 12299 532 24 safe safe JJ 12299 532 25 load load NN 12299 532 26 for for IN 12299 532 27 the the DT 12299 532 28 dry dry JJ 12299 532 29 material material NN 12299 532 30 may may MD 12299 532 31 become become VB 12299 532 32 unsafe unsafe JJ 12299 532 33 . . . 12299 533 1 When when WRB 12299 533 2 a a DT 12299 533 3 dead dead JJ 12299 533 4 load load NN 12299 533 5 not not RB 12299 533 6 great great JJ 12299 533 7 enough enough RB 12299 533 8 to to TO 12299 533 9 rupture rupture VB 12299 533 10 a a DT 12299 533 11 beam beam NN 12299 533 12 has have VBZ 12299 533 13 been be VBN 12299 533 14 removed remove VBN 12299 533 15 , , , 12299 533 16 the the DT 12299 533 17 beam beam NN 12299 533 18 tends tend VBZ 12299 533 19 gradually gradually RB 12299 533 20 to to TO 12299 533 21 recover recover VB 12299 533 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 533 23 former former JJ 12299 533 24 shape shape NN 12299 533 25 , , , 12299 533 26 but but CC 12299 533 27 the the DT 12299 533 28 recovery recovery NN 12299 533 29 is be VBZ 12299 533 30 not not RB 12299 533 31 always always RB 12299 533 32 complete complete JJ 12299 533 33 . . . 12299 534 1 If if IN 12299 534 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 534 3 from from IN 12299 534 4 such such PDT 12299 534 5 a a DT 12299 534 6 beam beam NN 12299 534 7 are be VBP 12299 534 8 tested test VBN 12299 534 9 in in IN 12299 534 10 the the DT 12299 534 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 534 12 testing testing NN 12299 534 13 machine machine NN 12299 534 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 534 15 will will MD 12299 534 16 be be VB 12299 534 17 found find VBN 12299 534 18 that that IN 12299 534 19 the the DT 12299 534 20 application application NN 12299 534 21 of of IN 12299 534 22 the the DT 12299 534 23 dead dead JJ 12299 534 24 load load NN 12299 534 25 did do VBD 12299 534 26 not not RB 12299 534 27 affect affect VB 12299 534 28 the the DT 12299 534 29 stiffness stiffness JJ 12299 534 30 , , , 12299 534 31 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 534 32 strength strength NN 12299 534 33 , , , 12299 534 34 or or CC 12299 534 35 elastic elastic JJ 12299 534 36 limit limit NN 12299 534 37 of of IN 12299 534 38 the the DT 12299 534 39 material material NN 12299 534 40 . . . 12299 535 1 In in IN 12299 535 2 other other JJ 12299 535 3 words word NNS 12299 535 4 , , , 12299 535 5 the the DT 12299 535 6 deflections deflection NNS 12299 535 7 and and CC 12299 535 8 recoveries recovery NNS 12299 535 9 produced produce VBN 12299 535 10 by by IN 12299 535 11 live live JJ 12299 535 12 loads load NNS 12299 535 13 are be VBP 12299 535 14 the the DT 12299 535 15 same same JJ 12299 535 16 as as IN 12299 535 17 would would MD 12299 535 18 have have VB 12299 535 19 been be VBN 12299 535 20 produced produce VBN 12299 535 21 had have VBD 12299 535 22 not not RB 12299 535 23 the the DT 12299 535 24 beam beam NN 12299 535 25 previously previously RB 12299 535 26 been be VBN 12299 535 27 subjected subject VBN 12299 535 28 to to IN 12299 535 29 a a DT 12299 535 30 dead dead JJ 12299 535 31 load load NN 12299 535 32 . . . 12299 536 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 536 2 11 11 CD 12299 536 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 536 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 536 5 Footnote footnote NN 12299 536 6 11 11 CD 12299 536 7 : : : 12299 536 8 See see VB 12299 536 9 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 536 10 , , , 12299 536 11 Harry Harry NNP 12299 536 12 D. D. NNP 12299 536 13 : : : 12299 536 14 Some some DT 12299 536 15 results result NNS 12299 536 16 of of IN 12299 536 17 dead dead JJ 12299 536 18 load load NN 12299 536 19 bending bend VBG 12299 536 20 tests test NNS 12299 536 21 of of IN 12299 536 22 timber timber NN 12299 536 23 by by IN 12299 536 24 means mean NNS 12299 536 25 of of IN 12299 536 26 a a DT 12299 536 27 recording recording NN 12299 536 28 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 536 29 . . . 12299 537 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 537 2 . . . 12299 538 1 Am Am NNP 12299 538 2 . . . 12299 539 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 539 2 . . . 12299 540 1 for for IN 12299 540 2 Testing Testing NNP 12299 540 3 Materials Materials NNPS 12299 540 4 . . . 12299 541 1 Phila Phila NNP 12299 541 2 . . . 12299 542 1 Vol Vol NNP 12299 542 2 . . . 12299 543 1 IX ix NN 12299 543 2 , , , 12299 543 3 1909 1909 CD 12299 543 4 , , , 12299 543 5 pp pp NNP 12299 543 6 . . . 12299 544 1 534 534 CD 12299 544 2 - - SYM 12299 544 3 548 548 CD 12299 544 4 . . . 12299 544 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 545 1 ~Maximum ~Maximum NFP 12299 545 2 load~ load~ NNP 12299 545 3 is be VBZ 12299 545 4 the the DT 12299 545 5 greatest great JJS 12299 545 6 load load NN 12299 545 7 a a DT 12299 545 8 material material NN 12299 545 9 will will MD 12299 545 10 support support VB 12299 545 11 and and CC 12299 545 12 is be VBZ 12299 545 13 usually usually RB 12299 545 14 greater great JJR 12299 545 15 than than IN 12299 545 16 the the DT 12299 545 17 load load NN 12299 545 18 at at IN 12299 545 19 rupture rupture NN 12299 545 20 . . . 12299 546 1 ~Safe ~Safe NNP 12299 546 2 load~ load~ NNP 12299 546 3 is be VBZ 12299 546 4 the the DT 12299 546 5 load load NN 12299 546 6 considered consider VBN 12299 546 7 safe safe JJ 12299 546 8 for for IN 12299 546 9 a a DT 12299 546 10 material material NN 12299 546 11 to to TO 12299 546 12 support support VB 12299 546 13 in in IN 12299 546 14 actual actual JJ 12299 546 15 practice practice NN 12299 546 16 . . . 12299 547 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 547 2 is be VBZ 12299 547 3 always always RB 12299 547 4 less less JJR 12299 547 5 than than IN 12299 547 6 the the DT 12299 547 7 load load NN 12299 547 8 at at IN 12299 547 9 elastic elastic JJ 12299 547 10 limit limit NN 12299 547 11 and and CC 12299 547 12 is be VBZ 12299 547 13 usually usually RB 12299 547 14 taken take VBN 12299 547 15 as as IN 12299 547 16 a a DT 12299 547 17 certain certain JJ 12299 547 18 proportion proportion NN 12299 547 19 of of IN 12299 547 20 the the DT 12299 547 21 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 547 22 or or CC 12299 547 23 breaking breaking JJ 12299 547 24 load load NN 12299 547 25 . . . 12299 548 1 The the DT 12299 548 2 ratio ratio NN 12299 548 3 of of IN 12299 548 4 the the DT 12299 548 5 breaking breaking NN 12299 548 6 to to IN 12299 548 7 the the DT 12299 548 8 safe safe JJ 12299 548 9 load load NN 12299 548 10 is be VBZ 12299 548 11 called call VBN 12299 548 12 the the DT 12299 548 13 factor factor NN 12299 548 14 of of IN 12299 548 15 safety safety NN 12299 548 16 . . . 12299 549 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 549 2 Factor Factor NNP 12299 549 3 of of IN 12299 549 4 safety safety NN 12299 549 5 = = SYM 12299 549 6 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 549 7 strength strength NN 12299 549 8 / / SYM 12299 549 9 safe safe JJ 12299 549 10 load load NN 12299 549 11 ) ) -RRB- 12299 549 12 In in IN 12299 549 13 order order NN 12299 549 14 to to TO 12299 549 15 make make VB 12299 549 16 due due JJ 12299 549 17 allowance allowance NN 12299 549 18 for for IN 12299 549 19 the the DT 12299 549 20 natural natural JJ 12299 549 21 variations variation NNS 12299 549 22 and and CC 12299 549 23 imperfections imperfection NNS 12299 549 24 in in IN 12299 549 25 wood wood NN 12299 549 26 and and CC 12299 549 27 in in IN 12299 549 28 the the DT 12299 549 29 aggregate aggregate JJ 12299 549 30 structure structure NN 12299 549 31 , , , 12299 549 32 as as RB 12299 549 33 well well RB 12299 549 34 as as IN 12299 549 35 for for IN 12299 549 36 variations variation NNS 12299 549 37 in in IN 12299 549 38 the the DT 12299 549 39 load load NN 12299 549 40 , , , 12299 549 41 the the DT 12299 549 42 factor factor NN 12299 549 43 of of IN 12299 549 44 safety safety NN 12299 549 45 is be VBZ 12299 549 46 usually usually RB 12299 549 47 as as RB 12299 549 48 high high JJ 12299 549 49 as as IN 12299 549 50 6 6 CD 12299 549 51 or or CC 12299 549 52 10 10 CD 12299 549 53 , , , 12299 549 54 especially especially RB 12299 549 55 if if IN 12299 549 56 the the DT 12299 549 57 safety safety NN 12299 549 58 of of IN 12299 549 59 human human JJ 12299 549 60 life life NN 12299 549 61 depends depend VBZ 12299 549 62 upon upon IN 12299 549 63 the the DT 12299 549 64 structure structure NN 12299 549 65 . . . 12299 550 1 This this DT 12299 550 2 means mean VBZ 12299 550 3 that that IN 12299 550 4 only only RB 12299 550 5 from from IN 12299 550 6 one one CD 12299 550 7 - - HYPH 12299 550 8 sixth sixth RB 12299 550 9 to to IN 12299 550 10 one one CD 12299 550 11 - - HYPH 12299 550 12 tenth tenth NN 12299 550 13 of of IN 12299 550 14 the the DT 12299 550 15 computed compute VBN 12299 550 16 strength strength NN 12299 550 17 values value NNS 12299 550 18 is be VBZ 12299 550 19 considered consider VBN 12299 550 20 safe safe JJ 12299 550 21 to to TO 12299 550 22 use use VB 12299 550 23 . . . 12299 551 1 If if IN 12299 551 2 the the DT 12299 551 3 depth depth NN 12299 551 4 of of IN 12299 551 5 timbers timber NNS 12299 551 6 exceeds exceed VBZ 12299 551 7 four four CD 12299 551 8 times time NNS 12299 551 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 551 10 thickness thickness NN 12299 551 11 there there EX 12299 551 12 is be VBZ 12299 551 13 a a DT 12299 551 14 great great JJ 12299 551 15 tendency tendency NN 12299 551 16 for for IN 12299 551 17 the the DT 12299 551 18 material material NN 12299 551 19 to to TO 12299 551 20 twist twist NN 12299 551 21 when when WRB 12299 551 22 loaded loaded JJ 12299 551 23 . . . 12299 552 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 552 2 is be VBZ 12299 552 3 to to TO 12299 552 4 overcome overcome VB 12299 552 5 this this DT 12299 552 6 tendency tendency NN 12299 552 7 that that DT 12299 552 8 floor floor NN 12299 552 9 joists joist NNS 12299 552 10 are be VBP 12299 552 11 braced brace VBN 12299 552 12 at at IN 12299 552 13 frequent frequent JJ 12299 552 14 intervals interval NNS 12299 552 15 . . . 12299 553 1 Short short JJ 12299 553 2 deep deep JJ 12299 553 3 pieces piece NNS 12299 553 4 shear shear VBP 12299 553 5 out out RP 12299 553 6 or or CC 12299 553 7 split split VB 12299 553 8 before before IN 12299 553 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 553 10 strength strength NN 12299 553 11 in in IN 12299 553 12 bending bending NN 12299 553 13 can can MD 12299 553 14 fully fully RB 12299 553 15 come come VB 12299 553 16 into into IN 12299 553 17 play play NN 12299 553 18 . . . 12299 554 1 _ _ NNP 12299 554 2 Application Application NNP 12299 554 3 of of IN 12299 554 4 Loads Loads NNPS 12299 554 5 _ _ NNP 12299 554 6 There there EX 12299 554 7 are be VBP 12299 554 8 three[12 three[12 NNP 12299 554 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 554 10 general general JJ 12299 554 11 methods method NNS 12299 554 12 in in IN 12299 554 13 which which WDT 12299 554 14 loads load NNS 12299 554 15 may may MD 12299 554 16 be be VB 12299 554 17 applied apply VBN 12299 554 18 to to IN 12299 554 19 beams beam NNS 12299 554 20 , , , 12299 554 21 namely namely RB 12299 554 22 : : : 12299 554 23 [ [ -LRB- 12299 554 24 Footnote footnote NN 12299 554 25 12 12 CD 12299 554 26 : : : 12299 554 27 A a DT 12299 554 28 fourth fourth JJ 12299 554 29 might may MD 12299 554 30 be be VB 12299 554 31 added add VBN 12299 554 32 , , , 12299 554 33 namely namely RB 12299 554 34 , , , 12299 554 35 ~vibratory~ ~vibratory~ NNP 12299 554 36 , , , 12299 554 37 or or CC 12299 554 38 ~harmonic ~harmonic NNP 12299 554 39 repetition~ repetition~ NN 12299 554 40 , , , 12299 554 41 which which WDT 12299 554 42 is be VBZ 12299 554 43 frequently frequently RB 12299 554 44 serious serious JJ 12299 554 45 in in IN 12299 554 46 the the DT 12299 554 47 case case NN 12299 554 48 of of IN 12299 554 49 bridges bridge NNS 12299 554 50 . . . 12299 554 51 ] ] -RRB- 12299 555 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 555 2 1 1 CD 12299 555 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 555 4 ~Static ~Static : 12299 555 5 loading~ loading~ NNP 12299 555 6 or or CC 12299 555 7 the the DT 12299 555 8 gradual gradual JJ 12299 555 9 imposition imposition NN 12299 555 10 of of IN 12299 555 11 load load NN 12299 555 12 so so IN 12299 555 13 that that IN 12299 555 14 the the DT 12299 555 15 moving move VBG 12299 555 16 parts part NNS 12299 555 17 acquire acquire VBP 12299 555 18 no no DT 12299 555 19 appreciable appreciable JJ 12299 555 20 momentum momentum NN 12299 555 21 . . . 12299 556 1 Loads load NNS 12299 556 2 are be VBP 12299 556 3 so so RB 12299 556 4 applied applied JJ 12299 556 5 in in IN 12299 556 6 the the DT 12299 556 7 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 556 8 testing testing NN 12299 556 9 machine machine NN 12299 556 10 . . . 12299 557 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 557 2 2 2 LS 12299 557 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 557 4 ~Sudden ~sudden CD 12299 557 5 imposition imposition NN 12299 557 6 of of IN 12299 557 7 load load NN 12299 557 8 without without IN 12299 557 9 initial initial JJ 12299 557 10 velocity.~ velocity.~ NNP 12299 557 11 " " `` 12299 557 12 Thus thus RB 12299 557 13 in in IN 12299 557 14 the the DT 12299 557 15 case case NN 12299 557 16 of of IN 12299 557 17 placing place VBG 12299 557 18 a a DT 12299 557 19 load load NN 12299 557 20 on on IN 12299 557 21 a a DT 12299 557 22 beam beam NN 12299 557 23 , , , 12299 557 24 if if IN 12299 557 25 the the DT 12299 557 26 load load NN 12299 557 27 be be VB 12299 557 28 brought bring VBN 12299 557 29 into into IN 12299 557 30 contact contact NN 12299 557 31 with with IN 12299 557 32 the the DT 12299 557 33 beam beam NN 12299 557 34 , , , 12299 557 35 but but CC 12299 557 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 557 37 weight weight NN 12299 557 38 sustained sustain VBN 12299 557 39 by by IN 12299 557 40 external external JJ 12299 557 41 means mean NNS 12299 557 42 , , , 12299 557 43 as as IN 12299 557 44 by by IN 12299 557 45 a a DT 12299 557 46 cord cord NN 12299 557 47 , , , 12299 557 48 and and CC 12299 557 49 then then RB 12299 557 50 this this DT 12299 557 51 external external JJ 12299 557 52 support support NN 12299 557 53 be be VB 12299 557 54 _ _ NNP 12299 557 55 suddenly suddenly RB 12299 557 56 _ _ NNP 12299 557 57 ( ( -LRB- 12299 557 58 instantaneously instantaneously RB 12299 557 59 ) ) -RRB- 12299 557 60 removed remove VBN 12299 557 61 , , , 12299 557 62 as as IN 12299 557 63 by by IN 12299 557 64 quickly quickly RB 12299 557 65 cutting cut VBG 12299 557 66 the the DT 12299 557 67 cord cord NN 12299 557 68 , , , 12299 557 69 then then RB 12299 557 70 , , , 12299 557 71 although although IN 12299 557 72 the the DT 12299 557 73 load load NN 12299 557 74 is be VBZ 12299 557 75 already already RB 12299 557 76 touching touch VBG 12299 557 77 the the DT 12299 557 78 beam beam NN 12299 557 79 ( ( -LRB- 12299 557 80 and and CC 12299 557 81 hence hence RB 12299 557 82 there there EX 12299 557 83 is be VBZ 12299 557 84 no no DT 12299 557 85 real real JJ 12299 557 86 impact impact NN 12299 557 87 ) ) -RRB- 12299 557 88 , , , 12299 557 89 yet yet CC 12299 557 90 the the DT 12299 557 91 beam beam NN 12299 557 92 is be VBZ 12299 557 93 at at IN 12299 557 94 first first JJ 12299 557 95 offering offer VBG 12299 557 96 no no DT 12299 557 97 resistance resistance NN 12299 557 98 , , , 12299 557 99 as as IN 12299 557 100 it -PRON- PRP 12299 557 101 has have VBZ 12299 557 102 yet yet RB 12299 557 103 suffered suffer VBN 12299 557 104 no no DT 12299 557 105 deformation deformation NN 12299 557 106 . . . 12299 558 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 12299 558 2 , , , 12299 558 3 as as IN 12299 558 4 the the DT 12299 558 5 beam beam NN 12299 558 6 deflects deflect VBZ 12299 558 7 the the DT 12299 558 8 resistance resistance NN 12299 558 9 increases increase VBZ 12299 558 10 , , , 12299 558 11 but but CC 12299 558 12 does do VBZ 12299 558 13 not not RB 12299 558 14 come come VB 12299 558 15 to to TO 12299 558 16 be be VB 12299 558 17 equal equal JJ 12299 558 18 to to IN 12299 558 19 the the DT 12299 558 20 load load NN 12299 558 21 until until IN 12299 558 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 558 23 has have VBZ 12299 558 24 attained attain VBN 12299 558 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 558 26 normal normal JJ 12299 558 27 deflection deflection NN 12299 558 28 . . . 12299 559 1 In in IN 12299 559 2 the the DT 12299 559 3 meantime meantime NN 12299 559 4 there there EX 12299 559 5 has have VBZ 12299 559 6 been be VBN 12299 559 7 an an DT 12299 559 8 unbalanced unbalanced JJ 12299 559 9 force force NN 12299 559 10 of of IN 12299 559 11 gravity gravity NN 12299 559 12 acting act VBG 12299 559 13 , , , 12299 559 14 of of IN 12299 559 15 a a DT 12299 559 16 constantly constantly RB 12299 559 17 diminishing diminishing JJ 12299 559 18 amount amount NN 12299 559 19 , , , 12299 559 20 equal equal JJ 12299 559 21 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560 27 of of IN 12299 560 28 the the DT 12299 560 29 weight weight NN 12299 560 30 and and CC 12299 560 31 beam beam NN 12299 560 32 gives give VBZ 12299 560 33 to to IN 12299 560 34 them -PRON- PRP 12299 560 35 an an DT 12299 560 36 energy energy NN 12299 560 37 , , , 12299 560 38 or or CC 12299 560 39 _ _ NNP 12299 560 40 vis vis FW 12299 560 41 viva viva FW 12299 560 42 _ _ NNP 12299 560 43 , , , 12299 560 44 which which WDT 12299 560 45 must must MD 12299 560 46 now now RB 12299 560 47 spend spend VB 12299 560 48 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 560 49 in in IN 12299 560 50 overcoming overcome VBG 12299 560 51 an an DT 12299 560 52 _ _ NNP 12299 560 53 excess excess JJ 12299 560 54 _ _ NNP 12299 560 55 of of IN 12299 560 56 resistance resistance NN 12299 560 57 over over RB 12299 560 58 and and CC 12299 560 59 above above IN 12299 560 60 the the DT 12299 560 61 imposed impose VBN 12299 560 62 load load NN 12299 560 63 , , , 12299 560 64 and and CC 12299 560 65 the the DT 12299 560 66 whole whole JJ 12299 560 67 mass mass NN 12299 560 68 will will MD 12299 560 69 not not RB 12299 560 70 stop stop VB 12299 560 71 until until IN 12299 560 72 the the DT 12299 560 73 deflection deflection NN 12299 560 74 ( ( -LRB- 12299 560 75 as as RB 12299 560 76 well well RB 12299 560 77 as as IN 12299 560 78 the the DT 12299 560 79 resistance resistance NN 12299 560 80 ) ) -RRB- 12299 560 81 has have VBZ 12299 560 82 come come VBN 12299 560 83 to to TO 12299 560 84 be be VB 12299 560 85 equal equal JJ 12299 560 86 to to IN 12299 560 87 _ _ NNP 12299 560 88 twice twice RB 12299 560 89 _ _ NNP 12299 560 90 that that IN 12299 560 91 corresponding correspond VBG 12299 560 92 to to IN 12299 560 93 the the DT 12299 560 94 static static JJ 12299 560 95 load load NN 12299 560 96 imposed impose VBN 12299 560 97 . . . 12299 561 1 Hence hence RB 12299 561 2 we -PRON- PRP 12299 561 3 say say VBP 12299 561 4 the the DT 12299 561 5 effect effect NN 12299 561 6 of of IN 12299 561 7 a a DT 12299 561 8 suddenly suddenly RB 12299 561 9 imposed impose VBN 12299 561 10 load load NN 12299 561 11 is be VBZ 12299 561 12 to to TO 12299 561 13 produce produce VB 12299 561 14 twice twice PDT 12299 561 15 the the DT 12299 561 16 deflection deflection NN 12299 561 17 and and CC 12299 561 18 stress stress NN 12299 561 19 of of IN 12299 561 20 the the DT 12299 561 21 same same JJ 12299 561 22 load load NN 12299 561 23 statically statically RB 12299 561 24 applied apply VBD 12299 561 25 . . . 12299 562 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 562 2 must must MD 12299 562 3 be be VB 12299 562 4 evident evident JJ 12299 562 5 , , , 12299 562 6 however however RB 12299 562 7 , , , 12299 562 8 that that IN 12299 562 9 this this DT 12299 562 10 case case NN 12299 562 11 has have VBZ 12299 562 12 nothing nothing NN 12299 562 13 in in IN 12299 562 14 common common JJ 12299 562 15 with with IN 12299 562 16 either either CC 12299 562 17 the the DT 12299 562 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 562 19 ' ' `` 12299 562 20 static static JJ 12299 562 21 ' ' '' 12299 562 22 tests test NNS 12299 562 23 of of IN 12299 562 24 structural structural JJ 12299 562 25 materials material NNS 12299 562 26 in in IN 12299 562 27 testing testing NN 12299 562 28 - - HYPH 12299 562 29 machines machine NNS 12299 562 30 , , , 12299 562 31 or or CC 12299 562 32 with with IN 12299 562 33 impact impact NN 12299 562 34 tests test NNS 12299 562 35 . . . 12299 563 1 " " `` 12299 563 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 563 3 13 13 CD 12299 563 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 563 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 563 6 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 563 7 13 13 CD 12299 563 8 : : : 12299 563 9 Johnson Johnson NNP 12299 563 10 , , , 12299 563 11 J.B. J.B. NNP 12299 563 12 : : : 12299 563 13 The the DT 12299 563 14 materials material NNS 12299 563 15 of of IN 12299 563 16 construction construction NN 12299 563 17 , , , 12299 563 18 pp pp NNP 12299 563 19 . . . 12299 564 1 81 81 CD 12299 564 2 - - SYM 12299 564 3 82 82 CD 12299 564 4 . . . 12299 564 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 565 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 565 2 3 3 CD 12299 565 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 565 4 ~Impact ~Impact NFP 12299 565 5 , , , 12299 565 6 shock,~ shock,~ CD 12299 565 7 or or CC 12299 565 8 ~blow.~[14 ~blow.~[14 NFP 12299 565 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 565 10 There there EX 12299 565 11 are be VBP 12299 565 12 various various JJ 12299 565 13 common common JJ 12299 565 14 uses use NNS 12299 565 15 of of IN 12299 565 16 wood wood NN 12299 565 17 where where WRB 12299 565 18 the the DT 12299 565 19 material material NN 12299 565 20 is be VBZ 12299 565 21 subjected subject VBN 12299 565 22 to to IN 12299 565 23 sudden sudden JJ 12299 565 24 shocks shock NNS 12299 565 25 and and CC 12299 565 26 jars jar NNS 12299 565 27 or or CC 12299 565 28 impact impact NN 12299 565 29 . . . 12299 566 1 Such such JJ 12299 566 2 is be VBZ 12299 566 3 the the DT 12299 566 4 action action NN 12299 566 5 on on IN 12299 566 6 the the DT 12299 566 7 felloes felloe NNS 12299 566 8 and and CC 12299 566 9 spokes spoke NNS 12299 566 10 of of IN 12299 566 11 a a DT 12299 566 12 wagon wagon NN 12299 566 13 wheel wheel NN 12299 566 14 passing pass VBG 12299 566 15 over over IN 12299 566 16 a a DT 12299 566 17 rough rough JJ 12299 566 18 road road NN 12299 566 19 ; ; : 12299 566 20 on on IN 12299 566 21 a a DT 12299 566 22 hammer hammer NN 12299 566 23 handle handle NN 12299 566 24 when when WRB 12299 566 25 a a DT 12299 566 26 blow blow NN 12299 566 27 is be VBZ 12299 566 28 struck strike VBN 12299 566 29 ; ; : 12299 566 30 on on IN 12299 566 31 a a DT 12299 566 32 maul maul NN 12299 566 33 when when WRB 12299 566 34 it -PRON- PRP 12299 566 35 strikes strike VBZ 12299 566 36 a a DT 12299 566 37 wedge wedge NN 12299 566 38 . . . 12299 567 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 567 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 567 3 14 14 CD 12299 567 4 : : : 12299 567 5 See see VB 12299 567 6 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 567 7 , , , 12299 567 8 Harry Harry NNP 12299 567 9 D. 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November NNP 12299 569 8 , , , 12299 569 9 1909 1909 CD 12299 569 10 , , , 12299 569 11 pp pp NNP 12299 569 12 . . . 12299 570 1 235 235 CD 12299 570 2 - - SYM 12299 570 3 259 259 CD 12299 570 4 , , , 12299 570 5 336 336 CD 12299 570 6 - - SYM 12299 570 7 364 364 CD 12299 570 8 . . . 12299 570 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 571 1 Resistance resistance NN 12299 571 2 to to TO 12299 571 3 impact impact VB 12299 571 4 is be VBZ 12299 571 5 resistance resistance NN 12299 571 6 to to IN 12299 571 7 energy energy NN 12299 571 8 which which WDT 12299 571 9 is be VBZ 12299 571 10 measured measure VBN 12299 571 11 by by IN 12299 571 12 the the DT 12299 571 13 product product NN 12299 571 14 of of IN 12299 571 15 the the DT 12299 571 16 force force NN 12299 571 17 into into IN 12299 571 18 the the DT 12299 571 19 space space NN 12299 571 20 through through IN 12299 571 21 which which WDT 12299 571 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 571 23 moves move VBZ 12299 571 24 , , , 12299 571 25 or or CC 12299 571 26 by by IN 12299 571 27 the the DT 12299 571 28 product product NN 12299 571 29 of of IN 12299 571 30 one one CD 12299 571 31 - - HYPH 12299 571 32 half half NN 12299 571 33 the the DT 12299 571 34 moving move VBG 12299 571 35 mass mass NN 12299 571 36 which which WDT 12299 571 37 causes cause VBZ 12299 571 38 the the DT 12299 571 39 shock shock NN 12299 571 40 into into IN 12299 571 41 the the DT 12299 571 42 square square NN 12299 571 43 of of IN 12299 571 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 571 45 velocity velocity NN 12299 571 46 . . . 12299 572 1 The the DT 12299 572 2 work work NN 12299 572 3 done do VBN 12299 572 4 upon upon IN 12299 572 5 the the DT 12299 572 6 piece piece NN 12299 572 7 at at IN 12299 572 8 the the DT 12299 572 9 instant instant NN 12299 572 10 the the DT 12299 572 11 velocity velocity NN 12299 572 12 is be VBZ 12299 572 13 entirely entirely RB 12299 572 14 removed remove VBN 12299 572 15 from from IN 12299 572 16 the the DT 12299 572 17 striking striking JJ 12299 572 18 body body NN 12299 572 19 is be VBZ 12299 572 20 equal equal JJ 12299 572 21 to to IN 12299 572 22 the the DT 12299 572 23 total total JJ 12299 572 24 energy energy NN 12299 572 25 of of IN 12299 572 26 that that DT 12299 572 27 body body NN 12299 572 28 . . . 12299 573 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 573 2 is be VBZ 12299 573 3 impossible impossible JJ 12299 573 4 , , , 12299 573 5 however however RB 12299 573 6 , , , 12299 573 7 to to TO 12299 573 8 get get VB 12299 573 9 all all DT 12299 573 10 of of IN 12299 573 11 the the DT 12299 573 12 energy energy NN 12299 573 13 of of IN 12299 573 14 the the DT 12299 573 15 striking striking JJ 12299 573 16 body body NN 12299 573 17 stored store VBN 12299 573 18 in in IN 12299 573 19 the the DT 12299 573 20 specimen speciman NNS 12299 573 21 , , , 12299 573 22 though though IN 12299 573 23 the the DT 12299 573 24 greater great JJR 12299 573 25 the the DT 12299 573 26 mass mass NN 12299 573 27 and and CC 12299 573 28 the the DT 12299 573 29 shorter short JJR 12299 573 30 the the DT 12299 573 31 space space NN 12299 573 32 through through IN 12299 573 33 which which WDT 12299 573 34 it -PRON- PRP 12299 573 35 moves move VBZ 12299 573 36 , , , 12299 573 37 or or CC 12299 573 38 , , , 12299 573 39 in in IN 12299 573 40 other other JJ 12299 573 41 words word NNS 12299 573 42 , , , 12299 573 43 the the DT 12299 573 44 greater great JJR 12299 573 45 the the DT 12299 573 46 proportion proportion NN 12299 573 47 of of IN 12299 573 48 weight weight NN 12299 573 49 and and CC 12299 573 50 the the DT 12299 573 51 smaller small JJR 12299 573 52 the the DT 12299 573 53 proportion proportion NN 12299 573 54 of of IN 12299 573 55 velocity velocity NN 12299 573 56 making make VBG 12299 573 57 up up RP 12299 573 58 the the DT 12299 573 59 energy energy NN 12299 573 60 of of IN 12299 573 61 the the DT 12299 573 62 striking strike VBG 12299 573 63 body body NN 12299 573 64 , , , 12299 573 65 the the DT 12299 573 66 more more JJR 12299 573 67 energy energy NN 12299 573 68 the the DT 12299 573 69 specimen speciman NNS 12299 573 70 will will MD 12299 573 71 absorb absorb VB 12299 573 72 . . . 12299 574 1 The the DT 12299 574 2 rest rest NN 12299 574 3 is be VBZ 12299 574 4 lost lose VBN 12299 574 5 in in IN 12299 574 6 friction friction NN 12299 574 7 , , , 12299 574 8 vibrations vibration NNS 12299 574 9 , , , 12299 574 10 heat heat NN 12299 574 11 , , , 12299 574 12 and and CC 12299 574 13 motion motion NN 12299 574 14 of of IN 12299 574 15 the the DT 12299 574 16 anvil anvil NN 12299 574 17 . . . 12299 575 1 In in IN 12299 575 2 impact impact NN 12299 575 3 the the DT 12299 575 4 stresses stress NNS 12299 575 5 produced produce VBN 12299 575 6 become become VBP 12299 575 7 very very RB 12299 575 8 complex complex JJ 12299 575 9 and and CC 12299 575 10 difficult difficult JJ 12299 575 11 to to TO 12299 575 12 measure measure VB 12299 575 13 , , , 12299 575 14 especially especially RB 12299 575 15 if if IN 12299 575 16 the the DT 12299 575 17 velocity velocity NN 12299 575 18 is be VBZ 12299 575 19 high high JJ 12299 575 20 , , , 12299 575 21 or or CC 12299 575 22 the the DT 12299 575 23 mass mass NN 12299 575 24 of of IN 12299 575 25 the the DT 12299 575 26 beam beam NN 12299 575 27 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 575 28 is be VBZ 12299 575 29 large large JJ 12299 575 30 compared compare VBN 12299 575 31 to to IN 12299 575 32 that that DT 12299 575 33 of of IN 12299 575 34 the the DT 12299 575 35 weight weight NN 12299 575 36 . . . 12299 576 1 The the DT 12299 576 2 difficulties difficulty NNS 12299 576 3 attending attend VBG 12299 576 4 the the DT 12299 576 5 measurement measurement NN 12299 576 6 of of IN 12299 576 7 the the DT 12299 576 8 stresses stress NNS 12299 576 9 beyond beyond IN 12299 576 10 the the DT 12299 576 11 elastic elastic JJ 12299 576 12 limit limit NN 12299 576 13 are be VBP 12299 576 14 so so RB 12299 576 15 great great JJ 12299 576 16 that that IN 12299 576 17 commonly commonly RB 12299 576 18 they -PRON- 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common common JJ 12299 578 3 method method NN 12299 578 4 of of IN 12299 578 5 making make VBG 12299 578 6 tests test NNS 12299 578 7 upon upon IN 12299 578 8 the the DT 12299 578 9 resistance resistance NN 12299 578 10 of of IN 12299 578 11 wood wood NN 12299 578 12 to to TO 12299 578 13 shock shock NN 12299 578 14 is be VBZ 12299 578 15 to to TO 12299 578 16 support support VB 12299 578 17 a a DT 12299 578 18 small small JJ 12299 578 19 beam beam NN 12299 578 20 at at IN 12299 578 21 the the DT 12299 578 22 ends end NNS 12299 578 23 and and CC 12299 578 24 drop drop VB 12299 578 25 a a DT 12299 578 26 heavy heavy JJ 12299 578 27 weight weight NN 12299 578 28 upon upon IN 12299 578 29 it -PRON- PRP 12299 578 30 in in IN 12299 578 31 the the DT 12299 578 32 middle middle NN 12299 578 33 . . . 12299 579 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 579 2 See see VB 12299 579 3 Fig fig NN 12299 579 4 . . . 12299 580 1 40 40 CD 12299 580 2 . . . 12299 580 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 581 1 The the DT 12299 581 2 height height 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12299 582 22 of of IN 12299 582 23 local local JJ 12299 582 24 inertia inertia NN 12299 582 25 of of IN 12299 582 26 the the DT 12299 582 27 molecules molecule NNS 12299 582 28 at at IN 12299 582 29 point point NN 12299 582 30 of of IN 12299 582 31 contact contact NN 12299 582 32 . . . 12299 583 1 The the DT 12299 583 2 stresses stress NNS 12299 583 3 involved involve VBN 12299 583 4 in in IN 12299 583 5 impact impact NN 12299 583 6 are be VBP 12299 583 7 complicated complicate VBN 12299 583 8 by by IN 12299 583 9 the the DT 12299 583 10 fact fact NN 12299 583 11 that that IN 12299 583 12 there there EX 12299 583 13 are be VBP 12299 583 14 various various JJ 12299 583 15 ways way NNS 12299 583 16 in in IN 12299 583 17 which which WDT 12299 583 18 the the DT 12299 583 19 energy energy NN 12299 583 20 of of IN 12299 583 21 the the DT 12299 583 22 striking striking JJ 12299 583 23 body body NN 12299 583 24 may may MD 12299 583 25 be be VB 12299 583 26 spent spend VBN 12299 583 27 : : : 12299 583 28 ( ( -LRB- 12299 583 29 _ _ NNP 12299 583 30 a a DT 12299 583 31 _ _ NNP 12299 583 32 ) ) -RRB- 12299 583 33 It -PRON- PRP 12299 583 34 produces produce VBZ 12299 583 35 a a DT 12299 583 36 local local JJ 12299 583 37 deformation deformation NN 12299 583 38 of of IN 12299 583 39 both both DT 12299 583 40 bodies body NNS 12299 583 41 at at IN 12299 583 42 the the DT 12299 583 43 surface surface NN 12299 583 44 of of IN 12299 583 45 contact contact NN 12299 583 46 , , , 12299 583 47 within within IN 12299 583 48 or or CC 12299 583 49 beyond beyond IN 12299 583 50 the the DT 12299 583 51 elastic elastic JJ 12299 583 52 limit limit NN 12299 583 53 . . . 12299 584 1 In in IN 12299 584 2 testing test VBG 12299 584 3 wood wood NN 12299 584 4 the the DT 12299 584 5 compression compression NN 12299 584 6 of of IN 12299 584 7 the the DT 12299 584 8 substance substance NN 12299 584 9 of of IN 12299 584 10 the the DT 12299 584 11 steel steel NN 12299 584 12 striking striking JJ 12299 584 13 - - HYPH 12299 584 14 weight weight NN 12299 584 15 may may MD 12299 584 16 be be VB 12299 584 17 neglected neglect VBN 12299 584 18 , , , 12299 584 19 since since IN 12299 584 20 the the DT 12299 584 21 steel steel NN 12299 584 22 is be VBZ 12299 584 23 very very RB 12299 584 24 hard hard JJ 12299 584 25 in in IN 12299 584 26 comparison comparison NN 12299 584 27 with with IN 12299 584 28 the the DT 12299 584 29 wood wood NN 12299 584 30 . . . 12299 585 1 In in IN 12299 585 2 addition addition NN 12299 585 3 to to IN 12299 585 4 the the DT 12299 585 5 compression compression NN 12299 585 6 of of IN 12299 585 7 the the DT 12299 585 8 fibres fibre NNS 12299 585 9 at at IN 12299 585 10 the the DT 12299 585 11 surface surface NN 12299 585 12 of of IN 12299 585 13 contact contact NN 12299 585 14 resistance resistance NN 12299 585 15 is be VBZ 12299 585 16 also also RB 12299 585 17 offered offer VBN 12299 585 18 by by IN 12299 585 19 the the DT 12299 585 20 inertia inertia NN 12299 585 21 of of IN 12299 585 22 the the DT 12299 585 23 particles particle NNS 12299 585 24 there there RB 12299 585 25 , , , 12299 585 26 the the DT 12299 585 27 combined combine VBN 12299 585 28 effect effect NN 12299 585 29 of of IN 12299 585 30 which which WDT 12299 585 31 is be VBZ 12299 585 32 a a DT 12299 585 33 stress stress NN 12299 585 34 at at IN 12299 585 35 the the DT 12299 585 36 surface surface NN 12299 585 37 of of IN 12299 585 38 contact contact NN 12299 585 39 often often RB 12299 585 40 entirely entirely RB 12299 585 41 out out IN 12299 585 42 of of IN 12299 585 43 proportion proportion NN 12299 585 44 to to IN 12299 585 45 the the DT 12299 585 46 compression compression NN 12299 585 47 which which WDT 12299 585 48 would would MD 12299 585 49 result result VB 12299 585 50 from from IN 12299 585 51 the the DT 12299 585 52 action action NN 12299 585 53 of of IN 12299 585 54 a a DT 12299 585 55 static static JJ 12299 585 56 force force NN 12299 585 57 of of IN 12299 585 58 the the DT 12299 585 59 same same JJ 12299 585 60 magnitude magnitude NN 12299 585 61 . . . 12299 586 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 586 2 frequently frequently RB 12299 586 3 exceeds exceed VBZ 12299 586 4 the the DT 12299 586 5 crushing crush VBG 12299 586 6 strength strength NN 12299 586 7 at at IN 12299 586 8 the the DT 12299 586 9 extreme extreme JJ 12299 586 10 surface surface NN 12299 586 11 of of IN 12299 586 12 contact contact NN 12299 586 13 , , , 12299 586 14 as as IN 12299 586 15 in in IN 12299 586 16 the the DT 12299 586 17 case case NN 12299 586 18 of of IN 12299 586 19 the the DT 12299 586 20 swaging swage VBG 12299 586 21 action action NN 12299 586 22 of of IN 12299 586 23 a a DT 12299 586 24 hammer hammer NN 12299 586 25 on on IN 12299 586 26 the the DT 12299 586 27 head head NN 12299 586 28 of of IN 12299 586 29 an an DT 12299 586 30 iron iron NN 12299 586 31 spike spike NN 12299 586 32 , , , 12299 586 33 or or CC 12299 586 34 of of IN 12299 586 35 a a DT 12299 586 36 locomotive locomotive JJ 12299 586 37 wheel wheel NN 12299 586 38 on on IN 12299 586 39 the the DT 12299 586 40 steel steel NN 12299 586 41 rail rail NN 12299 586 42 . . . 12299 587 1 This this DT 12299 587 2 is be VBZ 12299 587 3 also also RB 12299 587 4 the the DT 12299 587 5 case case NN 12299 587 6 when when WRB 12299 587 7 a a DT 12299 587 8 bullet bullet NN 12299 587 9 is be VBZ 12299 587 10 shot shoot VBN 12299 587 11 through through IN 12299 587 12 a a DT 12299 587 13 board board NN 12299 587 14 or or CC 12299 587 15 a a DT 12299 587 16 pane pane NN 12299 587 17 of of IN 12299 587 18 glass glass NN 12299 587 19 without without IN 12299 587 20 breaking break VBG 12299 587 21 it -PRON- PRP 12299 587 22 as as IN 12299 587 23 a a DT 12299 587 24 whole whole NN 12299 587 25 . . . 12299 588 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 588 2 _ _ NNP 12299 588 3 b b NNP 12299 588 4 _ _ NNP 12299 588 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 588 6 It -PRON- PRP 12299 588 7 may may MD 12299 588 8 move move VB 12299 588 9 the the DT 12299 588 10 struck struck JJ 12299 588 11 body body NN 12299 588 12 as as IN 12299 588 13 a a DT 12299 588 14 whole whole NN 12299 588 15 with with IN 12299 588 16 an an DT 12299 588 17 accelerated accelerated JJ 12299 588 18 velocity velocity NN 12299 588 19 , , , 12299 588 20 the the DT 12299 588 21 resistance resistance NN 12299 588 22 consisting consist VBG 12299 588 23 of of IN 12299 588 24 the the DT 12299 588 25 inertia inertia NN 12299 588 26 of of IN 12299 588 27 the the DT 12299 588 28 body body NN 12299 588 29 . . . 12299 589 1 This this DT 12299 589 2 effect effect NN 12299 589 3 is be VBZ 12299 589 4 seen see VBN 12299 589 5 when when WRB 12299 589 6 a a DT 12299 589 7 croquet croquet NN 12299 589 8 ball ball NN 12299 589 9 is be VBZ 12299 589 10 struck strike VBN 12299 589 11 with with IN 12299 589 12 a a DT 12299 589 13 mallet mallet NN 12299 589 14 . . . 12299 590 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 590 2 _ _ NNP 12299 590 3 c c NNP 12299 590 4 _ _ NNP 12299 590 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 590 6 It -PRON- PRP 12299 590 7 may may MD 12299 590 8 deform deform VB 12299 590 9 a a DT 12299 590 10 fixed fix VBN 12299 590 11 body body NN 12299 590 12 against against IN 12299 590 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 590 14 external external JJ 12299 590 15 supports support NNS 12299 590 16 and and CC 12299 590 17 resistances resistance NNS 12299 590 18 . . . 12299 591 1 In in IN 12299 591 2 making make VBG 12299 591 3 impact impact NN 12299 591 4 tests test NNS 12299 591 5 in in IN 12299 591 6 the the DT 12299 591 7 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 591 8 the the DT 12299 591 9 test test NN 12299 591 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 591 11 is be VBZ 12299 591 12 in in IN 12299 591 13 reality reality NN 12299 591 14 in in IN 12299 591 15 the the DT 12299 591 16 nature nature NN 12299 591 17 of of IN 12299 591 18 a a DT 12299 591 19 cushion cushion NN 12299 591 20 between between IN 12299 591 21 two two CD 12299 591 22 impacting impact VBG 12299 591 23 bodies body NNS 12299 591 24 , , , 12299 591 25 namely namely RB 12299 591 26 , , , 12299 591 27 the the DT 12299 591 28 striking striking JJ 12299 591 29 weight weight NN 12299 591 30 and and CC 12299 591 31 the the DT 12299 591 32 base base NN 12299 591 33 of of IN 12299 591 34 the the DT 12299 591 35 machine machine NN 12299 591 36 . . . 12299 592 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 592 2 is be VBZ 12299 592 3 important important JJ 12299 592 4 that that IN 12299 592 5 the the DT 12299 592 6 mass mass NN 12299 592 7 of of IN 12299 592 8 this this DT 12299 592 9 base base NN 12299 592 10 be be VB 12299 592 11 sufficiently sufficiently RB 12299 592 12 great great JJ 12299 592 13 that that IN 12299 592 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 592 15 relative relative JJ 12299 592 16 velocity velocity NN 12299 592 17 to to IN 12299 592 18 that that DT 12299 592 19 of of IN 12299 592 20 the the DT 12299 592 21 common common JJ 12299 592 22 centre centre NN 12299 592 23 of of IN 12299 592 24 gravity gravity NN 12299 592 25 of of IN 12299 592 26 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 592 27 and and CC 12299 592 28 the the DT 12299 592 29 striking striking JJ 12299 592 30 weight weight NN 12299 592 31 may may MD 12299 592 32 be be VB 12299 592 33 disregarded disregard VBN 12299 592 34 . . . 12299 593 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 593 2 _ _ NNP 12299 593 3 d d NNP 12299 593 4 _ _ NNP 12299 593 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 593 6 It -PRON- PRP 12299 593 7 may may MD 12299 593 8 deform deform VB 12299 593 9 the the DT 12299 593 10 struck struck JJ 12299 593 11 body body NN 12299 593 12 as as IN 12299 593 13 a a DT 12299 593 14 whole whole NN 12299 593 15 against against IN 12299 593 16 the the DT 12299 593 17 resisting resist VBG 12299 593 18 stresses stress NNS 12299 593 19 developed develop VBN 12299 593 20 by by IN 12299 593 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 593 22 own own JJ 12299 593 23 inertia inertia NN 12299 593 24 , , , 12299 593 25 as as IN 12299 593 26 , , , 12299 593 27 for for IN 12299 593 28 example example NN 12299 593 29 , , , 12299 593 30 when when WRB 12299 593 31 a a DT 12299 593 32 baseball baseball NN 12299 593 33 bat bat NN 12299 593 34 is be VBZ 12299 593 35 broken break VBN 12299 593 36 by by IN 12299 593 37 striking strike VBG 12299 593 38 the the DT 12299 593 39 ball ball NN 12299 593 40 . . . 12299 594 1 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 594 2 | | NNP 12299 594 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 594 4 X X NNP 12299 594 5 | | NNP 12299 594 6 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 594 7 | | CD 12299 594 8 RESULTS results NN 12299 594 9 OF of IN 12299 594 10 IMPACT impact NN 12299 594 11 BENDING bending NN 12299 594 12 TESTS test NNS 12299 594 13 ON on IN 12299 594 14 SMALL SMALL NNP 12299 594 15 CLEAR CLEAR NNP 12299 594 16 BEAMS BEAMS NNP 12299 594 17 | | HYPH 12299 594 18 | | NNP 12299 594 19 OF of IN 12299 594 20 34 34 CD 12299 594 21 WOODS woods NN 12299 594 22 IN in IN 12299 594 23 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 594 24 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 594 25 | | NNP 12299 594 26 | | NNP 12299 594 27 ( ( -LRB- 12299 594 28 Forest Forest NNP 12299 594 29 Service Service NNP 12299 594 30 Cir Cir NNP 12299 594 31 . . . 12299 595 1 213 213 CD 12299 595 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 595 3 | | NNP 12299 595 4 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 595 5 | | NNP 12299 595 6 | | NNP 12299 595 7 Fibre Fibre NNP 12299 595 8 | | HYPH 12299 595 9 | | NNP 12299 595 10 Work Work NNP 12299 595 11 in in IN 12299 595 12 | | CD 12299 595 13 | | NNP 12299 595 14 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 595 15 NAME NAME NNP 12299 595 16 | | CD 12299 595 17 stress stress NN 12299 595 18 at at IN 12299 595 19 | | NNP 12299 595 20 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 595 21 of of IN 12299 595 22 | | NNP 12299 595 23 bending bend VBG 12299 595 24 | | CD 12299 595 25 | | CD 12299 595 26 OF OF NNP 12299 595 27 SPECIES species JJ 12299 595 28 | | CD 12299 595 29 elastic elastic JJ 12299 595 30 | | HYPH 12299 595 31 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 595 32 | | NNS 12299 595 33 to to IN 12299 595 34 | | CD 12299 595 35 | | CD 12299 595 36 | | CD 12299 595 37 limit limit NN 12299 595 38 | | CD 12299 595 39 | | CD 12299 595 40 elastic elastic JJ 12299 595 41 | | CD 12299 595 42 | | CD 12299 595 43 | | CD 12299 595 44 | | CD 12299 595 45 | | CD 12299 595 46 limit limit NN 12299 595 47 | | NNP 12299 595 48 |-------------------+-----------+------------+----------| |-------------------+-----------+------------+----------| NNP 12299 595 49 | | CD 12299 595 50 | | NNP 12299 595 51 | | CD 12299 595 52 | | NNS 12299 595 53 In.-lbs in.-lb NNS 12299 595 54 . . . 12299 596 1 | | NNP 12299 596 2 | | NNP 12299 596 3 | | NNP 12299 596 4 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 596 5 . . . 12299 597 1 per per IN 12299 597 2 | | NNP 12299 597 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 597 4 . . . 12299 598 1 per per IN 12299 598 2 | | NNP 12299 598 3 per per NNP 12299 598 4 cu cu NNP 12299 598 5 . . . 12299 599 1 | | NNP 12299 599 2 | | NNP 12299 599 3 | | CD 12299 599 4 sq sq NN 12299 599 5 . . . 12299 600 1 in in IN 12299 600 2 . . . 12299 601 1 | | NNP 12299 601 2 sq sq NNP 12299 601 3 . . . 12299 602 1 in in IN 12299 602 2 . . . 12299 603 1 | | NNP 12299 603 2 inch inch NN 12299 603 3 | | NNP 12299 603 4 | | CD 12299 603 5 | | CD 12299 603 6 | | CD 12299 603 7 | | CD 12299 603 8 | | CD 12299 603 9 | | NNP 12299 603 10 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 603 11 | | NNP 12299 603 12 | | NNP 12299 603 13 | | CD 12299 603 14 | | CD 12299 603 15 | | CD 12299 603 16 | | CD 12299 603 17 | | CD 12299 603 18 | | CD 12299 603 19 | | CD 12299 603 20 | | NNS 12299 603 21 Ash Ash NNP 12299 603 22 , , , 12299 603 23 black black JJ 12299 603 24 | | NNP 12299 603 25 7,840 7,840 CD 12299 603 26 | | CD 12299 603 27 955,000 955,000 CD 12299 603 28 | | CD 12299 603 29 3.69 3.69 CD 12299 603 30 | | CD 12299 603 31 | | CD 12299 603 32 white white JJ 12299 603 33 | | CD 12299 603 34 11,710 11,710 CD 12299 603 35 | | CD 12299 603 36 1,564,000 1,564,000 CD 12299 603 37 | | CD 12299 603 38 4.93 4.93 CD 12299 603 39 | | CD 12299 603 40 | | CD 12299 603 41 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 603 42 | | NNP 12299 603 43 5,480 5,480 CD 12299 603 44 | | CD 12299 603 45 917,000 917,000 CD 12299 603 46 | | CD 12299 603 47 1.84 1.84 CD 12299 603 48 | | CD 12299 603 49 | | NNP 12299 603 50 Beech Beech NNP 12299 603 51 | | NNP 12299 603 52 11,760 11,760 CD 12299 603 53 | | CD 12299 603 54 1,501,000 1,501,000 CD 12299 603 55 | | CD 12299 603 56 5.10 5.10 CD 12299 603 57 | | CD 12299 603 58 | | NNP 12299 603 59 Birch Birch NNP 12299 603 60 , , , 12299 603 61 yellow yellow JJ 12299 603 62 | | CD 12299 603 63 11,080 11,080 CD 12299 603 64 | | CD 12299 603 65 1,812,000 1,812,000 CD 12299 603 66 | | CD 12299 603 67 3.79 3.79 CD 12299 603 68 | | NNP 12299 603 69 | | NNP 12299 603 70 Elm elm NN 12299 603 71 , , , 12299 603 72 rock rock NN 12299 603 73 | | CD 12299 603 74 12,090 12,090 CD 12299 603 75 | | CD 12299 603 76 1,367,000 1,367,000 CD 12299 603 77 | | CD 12299 603 78 6.52 6.52 CD 12299 603 79 | | CD 12299 603 80 | | CD 12299 603 81 slippery slippery JJ 12299 603 82 | | CD 12299 603 83 11,700 11,700 CD 12299 603 84 | | CD 12299 603 85 1,569,000 1,569,000 CD 12299 603 86 | | CD 12299 603 87 4.86 4.86 CD 12299 603 88 | | CD 12299 603 89 | | CD 12299 603 90 white white JJ 12299 603 91 | | CD 12299 603 92 9,910 9,910 CD 12299 603 93 | | CD 12299 603 94 1,138,000 1,138,000 CD 12299 603 95 | | CD 12299 603 96 4.82 4.82 CD 12299 603 97 | | CD 12299 603 98 | | CD 12299 603 99 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 603 100 | | NNP 12299 603 101 10,420 10,420 CD 12299 603 102 | | CD 12299 603 103 1,398,000 1,398,000 CD 12299 603 104 | | CD 12299 603 105 4.48 4.48 CD 12299 603 106 | | CD 12299 603 107 | | NNP 12299 603 108 Locust Locust NNP 12299 603 109 , , , 12299 603 110 honey honey NN 12299 603 111 | | CD 12299 603 112 13,460 13,460 CD 12299 603 113 | | CD 12299 603 114 2,114,000 2,114,000 CD 12299 603 115 | | CD 12299 603 116 4.76 4.76 CD 12299 603 117 | | CD 12299 603 118 | | NNP 12299 603 119 Maple Maple NNP 12299 603 120 , , , 12299 603 121 red red JJ 12299 603 122 | | CD 12299 603 123 11,670 11,670 CD 12299 603 124 | | CD 12299 603 125 1,411,000 1,411,000 CD 12299 603 126 | | CD 12299 603 127 5.45 5.45 CD 12299 603 128 | | CD 12299 603 129 | | CD 12299 603 130 sugar sugar NN 12299 603 131 | | CD 12299 603 132 11,680 11,680 CD 12299 603 133 | | CD 12299 603 134 1,680,000 1,680,000 CD 12299 603 135 | | CD 12299 603 136 4.55 4.55 CD 12299 603 137 | | CD 12299 603 138 | | NNP 12299 603 139 Oak Oak NNP 12299 603 140 , , , 12299 603 141 post post VB 12299 603 142 | | CD 12299 603 143 11,260 11,260 CD 12299 603 144 | | CD 12299 603 145 1,596,000 1,596,000 CD 12299 603 146 | | CD 12299 603 147 4.41 4.41 CD 12299 603 148 | | CD 12299 603 149 | | CD 12299 603 150 red red JJ 12299 603 151 | | CD 12299 603 152 10,580 10,580 CD 12299 603 153 | | CD 12299 603 154 1,506,000 1,506,000 CD 12299 603 155 | | CD 12299 603 156 4.16 4.16 CD 12299 603 157 | | CD 12299 603 158 | | CD 12299 603 159 swamp swamp NN 12299 603 160 white white JJ 12299 603 161 | | CD 12299 603 162 13,280 13,280 CD 12299 603 163 | | CD 12299 603 164 2,048,000 2,048,000 CD 12299 603 165 | | CD 12299 603 166 4.79 4.79 CD 12299 603 167 | | CD 12299 603 168 | | CD 12299 603 169 white white JJ 12299 603 170 | | CD 12299 603 171 9,860 9,860 CD 12299 603 172 | | CD 12299 603 173 1,414,000 1,414,000 CD 12299 603 174 | | CD 12299 603 175 3.84 3.84 CD 12299 603 176 | | CD 12299 603 177 | | CD 12299 603 178 yellow yellow JJ 12299 603 179 | | CD 12299 603 180 10,840 10,840 CD 12299 603 181 | | CD 12299 603 182 1,479,000 1,479,000 CD 12299 603 183 | | CD 12299 603 184 4.44 4.44 CD 12299 603 185 | | CD 12299 603 186 | | NNP 12299 603 187 Osage Osage NNP 12299 603 188 orange orange JJ 12299 603 189 | | CD 12299 603 190 15,520 15,520 CD 12299 603 191 | | CD 12299 603 192 1,498,000 1,498,000 CD 12299 603 193 | | CD 12299 603 194 8.92 8.92 CD 12299 603 195 | | CD 12299 603 196 | | NNP 12299 603 197 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 603 198 | | CD 12299 603 199 8,180 8,180 CD 12299 603 200 | | CD 12299 603 201 1,165,000 1,165,000 CD 12299 603 202 | | CD 12299 603 203 3.22 3.22 CD 12299 603 204 | | CD 12299 603 205 | | NNP 12299 603 206 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 603 207 | | NNP 12299 603 208 7,650 7,650 CD 12299 603 209 | | CD 12299 603 210 1,310,000 1,310,000 CD 12299 603 211 | | CD 12299 603 212 2.49 2.49 CD 12299 603 213 | | CD 12299 603 214 | | CD 12299 603 215 | | CD 12299 603 216 | | CD 12299 603 217 | | CD 12299 603 218 | | CD 12299 603 219 | | NNP 12299 603 220 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 603 221 | | NNP 12299 603 222 | | NNP 12299 603 223 | | CD 12299 603 224 | | CD 12299 603 225 | | CD 12299 603 226 | | CD 12299 603 227 | | CD 12299 603 228 | | CD 12299 603 229 | | CD 12299 603 230 | | CD 12299 603 231 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 603 232 ¦ ¦ : 12299 603 233 | | CD 12299 603 234 5,290 5,290 CD 12299 603 235 | | CD 12299 603 236 778,000 778,000 CD 12299 603 237 | | CD 12299 603 238 2.04 2.04 CD 12299 603 239 | | CD 12299 603 240 | | NNP 12299 603 241 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 603 242 , , , 12299 603 243 bald bald JJ 12299 603 244 | | NNP 12299 603 245 8,290 8,290 CD 12299 603 246 | | CD 12299 603 247 1,431,000 1,431,000 CD 12299 603 248 | | CD 12299 603 249 2.71 2.71 CD 12299 603 250 | | CD 12299 603 251 | | NNP 12299 603 252 Fir Fir NNP 12299 603 253 , , , 12299 603 254 alpine alpine NN 12299 603 255 | | NNP 12299 603 256 5,280 5,280 CD 12299 603 257 | | CD 12299 603 258 980,000 980,000 CD 12299 603 259 | | CD 12299 603 260 1.59 1.59 CD 12299 603 261 | | CD 12299 603 262 | | NNP 12299 603 263 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 603 264 | | CD 12299 603 265 8,870 8,870 CD 12299 603 266 | | CD 12299 603 267 1,579,000 1,579,000 CD 12299 603 268 | | CD 12299 603 269 2.79 2.79 CD 12299 603 270 | | CD 12299 603 271 | | CD 12299 603 272 white white JJ 12299 603 273 | | CD 12299 603 274 7,230 7,230 CD 12299 603 275 | | CD 12299 603 276 1,326,000 1,326,000 CD 12299 603 277 | | CD 12299 603 278 2.21 2.21 CD 12299 603 279 | | CD 12299 603 280 | | NNP 12299 603 281 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 603 282 | | NNP 12299 603 283 6,330 6,330 CD 12299 603 284 | | CD 12299 603 285 1,025,000 1,025,000 CD 12299 603 286 | | CD 12299 603 287 2.19 2.19 CD 12299 603 288 | | CD 12299 603 289 | | NNP 12299 603 290 Pine Pine NNP 12299 603 291 , , , 12299 603 292 lodgepole lodgepole NN 12299 603 293 | | CD 12299 603 294 6,870 6,870 CD 12299 603 295 | | CD 12299 603 296 1,142,000 1,142,000 CD 12299 603 297 | | CD 12299 603 298 2.31 2.31 CD 12299 603 299 | | CD 12299 603 300 | | CD 12299 603 301 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 603 302 | | CD 12299 603 303 9,680 9,680 CD 12299 603 304 | | CD 12299 603 305 1,739,000 1,739,000 CD 12299 603 306 | | CD 12299 603 307 3.02 3.02 CD 12299 603 308 | | CD 12299 603 309 | | CD 12299 603 310 red red JJ 12299 603 311 | | CD 12299 603 312 7,480 7,480 CD 12299 603 313 | | CD 12299 603 314 1,438,000 1,438,000 CD 12299 603 315 | | CD 12299 603 316 2.18 2.18 CD 12299 603 317 | | CD 12299 603 318 | | CD 12299 603 319 sugar sugar NN 12299 603 320 | | NNP 12299 603 321 6,740 6,740 CD 12299 603 322 | | CD 12299 603 323 1,083,000 1,083,000 CD 12299 603 324 | | CD 12299 603 325 2.34 2.34 CD 12299 603 326 | | CD 12299 603 327 | | CD 12299 603 328 western western JJ 12299 603 329 yellow yellow JJ 12299 603 330 | | CD 12299 603 331 7,070 7,070 CD 12299 603 332 | | CD 12299 603 333 1,115,000 1,115,000 CD 12299 603 334 | | CD 12299 603 335 2.51 2.51 CD 12299 603 336 | | CD 12299 603 337 | | CD 12299 603 338 white white JJ 12299 603 339 | | CD 12299 603 340 6,490 6,490 CD 12299 603 341 | | CD 12299 603 342 1,156,000 1,156,000 CD 12299 603 343 | | CD 12299 603 344 2.06 2.06 CD 12299 603 345 | | CD 12299 603 346 | | CD 12299 603 347 Spruce spruce NN 12299 603 348 , , , 12299 603 349 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 603 350 | | VBD 12299 603 351 6,300 6,300 CD 12299 603 352 | | CD 12299 603 353 1,076,000 1,076,000 CD 12299 603 354 | | CD 12299 603 355 2.09 2.09 CD 12299 603 356 | | CD 12299 603 357 | | CD 12299 603 358 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 603 359 | | NNP 12299 603 360 7,750 7,750 CD 12299 603 361 | | CD 12299 603 362 1,263,000 1,263,000 CD 12299 603 363 | | CD 12299 603 364 2.67 2.67 CD 12299 603 365 | | CD 12299 603 366 |-------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 603 367 Impact Impact NNP 12299 603 368 testing testing NN 12299 603 369 is be VBZ 12299 603 370 difficult difficult JJ 12299 603 371 to to TO 12299 603 372 conduct conduct VB 12299 603 373 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 12299 603 374 and and CC 12299 603 375 the the DT 12299 603 376 data datum NNS 12299 603 377 obtained obtain VBN 12299 603 378 are be VBP 12299 603 379 of of IN 12299 603 380 chief chief JJ 12299 603 381 value value NN 12299 603 382 in in IN 12299 603 383 a a DT 12299 603 384 relative relative JJ 12299 603 385 sense sense NN 12299 603 386 , , , 12299 603 387 that that RB 12299 603 388 is is RB 12299 603 389 , , , 12299 603 390 for for IN 12299 603 391 comparing compare VBG 12299 603 392 the the DT 12299 603 393 shock shock NN 12299 603 394 - - HYPH 12299 603 395 resisting resist VBG 12299 603 396 ability ability NN 12299 603 397 of of IN 12299 603 398 woods wood NNS 12299 603 399 of of IN 12299 603 400 which which WDT 12299 603 401 like like JJ 12299 603 402 specimens specimen NNS 12299 603 403 have have VBP 12299 603 404 been be VBN 12299 603 405 subjected subject VBN 12299 603 406 to to IN 12299 603 407 exactly exactly RB 12299 603 408 identical identical JJ 12299 603 409 treatment treatment NN 12299 603 410 . . . 12299 604 1 Yet yet RB 12299 604 2 this this DT 12299 604 3 test test NN 12299 604 4 is be VBZ 12299 604 5 one one CD 12299 604 6 of of IN 12299 604 7 the the DT 12299 604 8 most most RBS 12299 604 9 important important JJ 12299 604 10 made make VBN 12299 604 11 on on IN 12299 604 12 wood wood NN 12299 604 13 , , , 12299 604 14 as as IN 12299 604 15 it -PRON- PRP 12299 604 16 brings bring VBZ 12299 604 17 out out RP 12299 604 18 properties property NNS 12299 604 19 not not RB 12299 604 20 evident evident JJ 12299 604 21 from from IN 12299 604 22 other other JJ 12299 604 23 tests test NNS 12299 604 24 . . . 12299 605 1 Defects defect NNS 12299 605 2 and and CC 12299 605 3 brittleness brittleness NN 12299 605 4 are be VBP 12299 605 5 revealed reveal VBN 12299 605 6 by by IN 12299 605 7 impact impact NN 12299 605 8 better well JJR 12299 605 9 than than IN 12299 605 10 by by IN 12299 605 11 any any DT 12299 605 12 other other JJ 12299 605 13 kind kind NN 12299 605 14 of of IN 12299 605 15 test test NN 12299 605 16 . . . 12299 606 1 In in IN 12299 606 2 common common JJ 12299 606 3 practice practice NN 12299 606 4 nearly nearly RB 12299 606 5 all all DT 12299 606 6 external external JJ 12299 606 7 stresses stress NNS 12299 606 8 are be VBP 12299 606 9 of of IN 12299 606 10 the the DT 12299 606 11 nature nature NN 12299 606 12 of of IN 12299 606 13 impact impact NN 12299 606 14 . . . 12299 607 1 In in IN 12299 607 2 fact fact NN 12299 607 3 , , , 12299 607 4 no no DT 12299 607 5 two two CD 12299 607 6 moving move VBG 12299 607 7 bodies body NNS 12299 607 8 can can MD 12299 607 9 come come VB 12299 607 10 together together RB 12299 607 11 without without IN 12299 607 12 impact impact NN 12299 607 13 stress stress NN 12299 607 14 . . . 12299 608 1 Impact impact NN 12299 608 2 is be VBZ 12299 608 3 therefore therefore RB 12299 608 4 the the DT 12299 608 5 commonest common JJS 12299 608 6 form form NN 12299 608 7 of of IN 12299 608 8 applied applied JJ 12299 608 9 stress stress NN 12299 608 10 , , , 12299 608 11 although although IN 12299 608 12 the the DT 12299 608 13 most most RBS 12299 608 14 difficult difficult JJ 12299 608 15 to to TO 12299 608 16 measure measure VB 12299 608 17 . . . 12299 609 1 _ _ NNP 12299 609 2 Failures failure NNS 12299 609 3 in in IN 12299 609 4 Timber Timber NNP 12299 609 5 Beams Beams NNPS 12299 609 6 _ _ XX 12299 609 7 If if IN 12299 609 8 a a DT 12299 609 9 beam beam NN 12299 609 10 is be VBZ 12299 609 11 loaded load VBN 12299 609 12 too too RB 12299 609 13 heavily heavily RB 12299 609 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 609 15 will will MD 12299 609 16 break break VB 12299 609 17 or or CC 12299 609 18 fail fail VB 12299 609 19 in in IN 12299 609 20 some some DT 12299 609 21 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 609 22 manner manner NN 12299 609 23 . . . 12299 610 1 These these DT 12299 610 2 failures failure NNS 12299 610 3 may may MD 12299 610 4 be be VB 12299 610 5 classified classify VBN 12299 610 6 according accord VBG 12299 610 7 to to IN 12299 610 8 the the DT 12299 610 9 way way NN 12299 610 10 in in IN 12299 610 11 which which WDT 12299 610 12 they -PRON- PRP 12299 610 13 develop develop VBP 12299 610 14 , , , 12299 610 15 as as IN 12299 610 16 tension tension NN 12299 610 17 , , , 12299 610 18 compression compression NN 12299 610 19 , , , 12299 610 20 and and CC 12299 610 21 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 610 22 shear shear NN 12299 610 23 ; ; : 12299 610 24 and and CC 12299 610 25 according accord VBG 12299 610 26 to to IN 12299 610 27 the the DT 12299 610 28 appearance appearance NN 12299 610 29 of of IN 12299 610 30 the the DT 12299 610 31 broken break VBN 12299 610 32 surface surface NN 12299 610 33 , , , 12299 610 34 as as IN 12299 610 35 brash brash NNP 12299 610 36 , , , 12299 610 37 and and CC 12299 610 38 fibrous fibrous JJ 12299 610 39 . . . 12299 611 1 A a DT 12299 611 2 number number NN 12299 611 3 of of IN 12299 611 4 forms form NNS 12299 611 5 may may MD 12299 611 6 develop develop VB 12299 611 7 if if IN 12299 611 8 the the DT 12299 611 9 beam beam NN 12299 611 10 is be VBZ 12299 611 11 completely completely RB 12299 611 12 ruptured rupture VBN 12299 611 13 . . . 12299 612 1 Since since IN 12299 612 2 the the DT 12299 612 3 tensile tensile JJ 12299 612 4 strength strength NN 12299 612 5 of of IN 12299 612 6 wood wood NN 12299 612 7 is be VBZ 12299 612 8 on on IN 12299 612 9 the the DT 12299 612 10 average average NN 12299 612 11 about about RB 12299 612 12 three three CD 12299 612 13 times time NNS 12299 612 14 as as RB 12299 612 15 great great JJ 12299 612 16 as as IN 12299 612 17 the the DT 12299 612 18 compressive compressive JJ 12299 612 19 strength strength NN 12299 612 20 , , , 12299 612 21 a a DT 12299 612 22 beam beam NN 12299 612 23 should should MD 12299 612 24 , , , 12299 612 25 therefore therefore RB 12299 612 26 , , , 12299 612 27 be be VB 12299 612 28 expected expect VBN 12299 612 29 to to TO 12299 612 30 fail fail VB 12299 612 31 by by IN 12299 612 32 the the DT 12299 612 33 formation formation NN 12299 612 34 in in IN 12299 612 35 the the DT 12299 612 36 first first JJ 12299 612 37 place place NN 12299 612 38 of of IN 12299 612 39 a a DT 12299 612 40 fold fold NN 12299 612 41 on on IN 12299 612 42 the the DT 12299 612 43 compression compression NN 12299 612 44 side side NN 12299 612 45 due due IN 12299 612 46 to to IN 12299 612 47 the the DT 12299 612 48 crushing crush VBG 12299 612 49 action action NN 12299 612 50 , , , 12299 612 51 followed follow VBN 12299 612 52 by by IN 12299 612 53 failure failure NN 12299 612 54 on on IN 12299 612 55 the the DT 12299 612 56 tension tension NN 12299 612 57 side side NN 12299 612 58 . . . 12299 613 1 This this DT 12299 613 2 is be VBZ 12299 613 3 usually usually RB 12299 613 4 the the DT 12299 613 5 case case NN 12299 613 6 in in IN 12299 613 7 green green JJ 12299 613 8 or or CC 12299 613 9 moist moist JJ 12299 613 10 wood wood NN 12299 613 11 . . . 12299 614 1 In in IN 12299 614 2 dry dry JJ 12299 614 3 material material NN 12299 614 4 the the DT 12299 614 5 first first JJ 12299 614 6 visible visible JJ 12299 614 7 failure failure NN 12299 614 8 is be VBZ 12299 614 9 not not RB 12299 614 10 infrequently infrequently RB 12299 614 11 on on IN 12299 614 12 the the DT 12299 614 13 lower low JJR 12299 614 14 or or CC 12299 614 15 tension tension NN 12299 614 16 side side NN 12299 614 17 , , , 12299 614 18 and and CC 12299 614 19 various various JJ 12299 614 20 attempts attempt NNS 12299 614 21 have have VBP 12299 614 22 been be VBN 12299 614 23 made make VBN 12299 614 24 to to TO 12299 614 25 explain explain VB 12299 614 26 why why WRB 12299 614 27 such such JJ 12299 614 28 is be VBZ 12299 614 29 the the DT 12299 614 30 case case NN 12299 614 31 . . . 12299 615 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 615 2 15 15 CD 12299 615 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 615 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 615 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 615 6 15 15 CD 12299 615 7 : : : 12299 615 8 See see VB 12299 615 9 Proc Proc NNP 12299 615 10 . . . 12299 616 1 Int Int NNP 12299 616 2 . . . 12299 617 1 Assn assn UH 12299 617 2 . . . 12299 618 1 for for IN 12299 618 2 Testing Testing NNP 12299 618 3 Materials Materials NNPS 12299 618 4 , , , 12299 618 5 1912 1912 CD 12299 618 6 , , , 12299 618 7 XXIII_{2 XXIII_{2 NNP 12299 618 8 } } -RRB- 12299 618 9 , , , 12299 618 10 pp pp NNP 12299 618 11 . . . 12299 619 1 12 12 CD 12299 619 2 - - SYM 12299 619 3 13 13 CD 12299 619 4 . . . 12299 619 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 620 1 Within within IN 12299 620 2 the the DT 12299 620 3 elastic elastic JJ 12299 620 4 limit limit NN 12299 620 5 the the DT 12299 620 6 elongations elongation NNS 12299 620 7 and and CC 12299 620 8 shortenings shortening NNS 12299 620 9 are be VBP 12299 620 10 equal equal JJ 12299 620 11 , , , 12299 620 12 and and CC 12299 620 13 the the DT 12299 620 14 neutral neutral JJ 12299 620 15 plane plane NN 12299 620 16 lies lie VBZ 12299 620 17 in in IN 12299 620 18 the the DT 12299 620 19 middle middle NN 12299 620 20 of of IN 12299 620 21 the the DT 12299 620 22 beam beam NN 12299 620 23 . . . 12299 621 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 621 2 See see VB 12299 621 3 TRANSVERSE transverse NN 12299 621 4 OR or CC 12299 621 5 BENDING bending NN 12299 621 6 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 621 7 : : : 12299 621 8 BEAMS BEAMS NNP 12299 621 9 , , , 12299 621 10 above above RB 12299 621 11 . . . 12299 621 12 ) ) -RRB- 12299 622 1 Later later RB 12299 622 2 the the DT 12299 622 3 top top JJ 12299 622 4 layer layer NN 12299 622 5 of of IN 12299 622 6 fibres fibre NNS 12299 622 7 on on IN 12299 622 8 the the DT 12299 622 9 upper upper JJ 12299 622 10 or or CC 12299 622 11 compression compression NN 12299 622 12 side side NN 12299 622 13 fail fail VB 12299 622 14 , , , 12299 622 15 and and CC 12299 622 16 on on IN 12299 622 17 the the DT 12299 622 18 load load NN 12299 622 19 increasing increase VBG 12299 622 20 , , , 12299 622 21 the the DT 12299 622 22 next next JJ 12299 622 23 layer layer NN 12299 622 24 of of IN 12299 622 25 fibres fibre NNS 12299 622 26 fail fail VBP 12299 622 27 , , , 12299 622 28 and and CC 12299 622 29 so so RB 12299 622 30 on on RB 12299 622 31 , , , 12299 622 32 even even RB 12299 622 33 though though IN 12299 622 34 this this DT 12299 622 35 failure failure NN 12299 622 36 may may MD 12299 622 37 not not RB 12299 622 38 be be VB 12299 622 39 visible visible JJ 12299 622 40 . . . 12299 623 1 As as IN 12299 623 2 a a DT 12299 623 3 result result NN 12299 623 4 the the DT 12299 623 5 shortenings shortening NNS 12299 623 6 on on IN 12299 623 7 the the DT 12299 623 8 upper upper JJ 12299 623 9 side side NN 12299 623 10 of of IN 12299 623 11 the the DT 12299 623 12 beam beam NN 12299 623 13 become become VBP 12299 623 14 considerably considerably RB 12299 623 15 greater great JJR 12299 623 16 than than IN 12299 623 17 the the DT 12299 623 18 elongations elongation NNS 12299 623 19 on on IN 12299 623 20 the the DT 12299 623 21 lower low JJR 12299 623 22 side side NN 12299 623 23 . . . 12299 624 1 The the DT 12299 624 2 neutral neutral JJ 12299 624 3 plane plane NN 12299 624 4 must must MD 12299 624 5 be be VB 12299 624 6 presumed presume VBN 12299 624 7 to to TO 12299 624 8 sink sink VB 12299 624 9 gradually gradually RB 12299 624 10 toward toward IN 12299 624 11 the the DT 12299 624 12 tension tension NN 12299 624 13 side side NN 12299 624 14 , , , 12299 624 15 and and CC 12299 624 16 when when WRB 12299 624 17 the the DT 12299 624 18 stresses stress NNS 12299 624 19 on on IN 12299 624 20 the the DT 12299 624 21 outer outer JJ 12299 624 22 fibres fibre NNS 12299 624 23 at at IN 12299 624 24 the the DT 12299 624 25 bottom bottom NN 12299 624 26 have have VBP 12299 624 27 become become VBN 12299 624 28 sufficiently sufficiently RB 12299 624 29 great great JJ 12299 624 30 , , , 12299 624 31 the the DT 12299 624 32 fibres fibre NNS 12299 624 33 are be VBP 12299 624 34 pulled pull VBN 12299 624 35 in in IN 12299 624 36 two two CD 12299 624 37 , , , 12299 624 38 the the DT 12299 624 39 tension tension NN 12299 624 40 area area NN 12299 624 41 being be VBG 12299 624 42 much much RB 12299 624 43 smaller small JJR 12299 624 44 than than IN 12299 624 45 the the DT 12299 624 46 compression compression NN 12299 624 47 area area NN 12299 624 48 . . . 12299 625 1 The the DT 12299 625 2 rupture rupture NN 12299 625 3 is be VBZ 12299 625 4 often often RB 12299 625 5 irregular irregular JJ 12299 625 6 , , , 12299 625 7 as as IN 12299 625 8 in in IN 12299 625 9 direct direct JJ 12299 625 10 tension tension NN 12299 625 11 tests test NNS 12299 625 12 . . . 12299 626 1 Failure failure NN 12299 626 2 may may MD 12299 626 3 occur occur VB 12299 626 4 partially partially RB 12299 626 5 in in IN 12299 626 6 single single JJ 12299 626 7 bundles bundle NNS 12299 626 8 of of IN 12299 626 9 fibres fibre NNS 12299 626 10 some some DT 12299 626 11 time time NN 12299 626 12 before before IN 12299 626 13 the the DT 12299 626 14 final final JJ 12299 626 15 failure failure NN 12299 626 16 takes take VBZ 12299 626 17 place place NN 12299 626 18 . . . 12299 627 1 One one CD 12299 627 2 reason reason NN 12299 627 3 why why WRB 12299 627 4 the the DT 12299 627 5 failure failure NN 12299 627 6 of of IN 12299 627 7 a a DT 12299 627 8 dry dry JJ 12299 627 9 beam beam NN 12299 627 10 is be VBZ 12299 627 11 different different JJ 12299 627 12 from from IN 12299 627 13 one one NN 12299 627 14 that that WDT 12299 627 15 is be VBZ 12299 627 16 moist moist JJ 12299 627 17 , , , 12299 627 18 is be VBZ 12299 627 19 that that IN 12299 627 20 drying drying NN 12299 627 21 increases increase VBZ 12299 627 22 the the DT 12299 627 23 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 627 24 of of IN 12299 627 25 the the DT 12299 627 26 fibres fibre NNS 12299 627 27 so so IN 12299 627 28 that that IN 12299 627 29 they -PRON- PRP 12299 627 30 offer offer VBP 12299 627 31 more more JJR 12299 627 32 resistance resistance NN 12299 627 33 to to IN 12299 627 34 crushing crush VBG 12299 627 35 , , , 12299 627 36 while while IN 12299 627 37 it -PRON- PRP 12299 627 38 has have VBZ 12299 627 39 much much RB 12299 627 40 less less JJR 12299 627 41 effect effect NN 12299 627 42 upon upon IN 12299 627 43 the the DT 12299 627 44 tensile tensile JJ 12299 627 45 strength strength NN 12299 627 46 . . . 12299 628 1 There there EX 12299 628 2 is be VBZ 12299 628 3 considerable considerable JJ 12299 628 4 variation variation NN 12299 628 5 in in IN 12299 628 6 tension tension NN 12299 628 7 failures failure NNS 12299 628 8 depending depend VBG 12299 628 9 upon upon IN 12299 628 10 the the DT 12299 628 11 toughness toughness NN 12299 628 12 or or CC 12299 628 13 the the DT 12299 628 14 brittleness brittleness NN 12299 628 15 of of IN 12299 628 16 the the DT 12299 628 17 wood wood NN 12299 628 18 , , , 12299 628 19 the the DT 12299 628 20 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 628 21 of of IN 12299 628 22 the the DT 12299 628 23 grain grain NN 12299 628 24 , , , 12299 628 25 defects defect NNS 12299 628 26 , , , 12299 628 27 etc etc FW 12299 628 28 . . NN 12299 628 29 , , , 12299 628 30 making make VBG 12299 628 31 further further JJ 12299 628 32 classification classification NN 12299 628 33 desirable desirable JJ 12299 628 34 . . . 12299 629 1 The the DT 12299 629 2 four four CD 12299 629 3 most most RBS 12299 629 4 common common JJ 12299 629 5 forms form NNS 12299 629 6 are be VBP 12299 629 7 : : : 12299 629 8 ( ( -LRB- 12299 629 9 1)~Simple 1)~simple CD 12299 629 10 tension,~ tension,~ CD 12299 629 11 in in IN 12299 629 12 which which WDT 12299 629 13 there there EX 12299 629 14 is be VBZ 12299 629 15 a a DT 12299 629 16 direct direct JJ 12299 629 17 pulling pulling NN 12299 629 18 in in IN 12299 629 19 two two CD 12299 629 20 of of IN 12299 629 21 the the DT 12299 629 22 wood wood NN 12299 629 23 on on IN 12299 629 24 the the DT 12299 629 25 under under JJ 12299 629 26 side side NN 12299 629 27 of of IN 12299 629 28 the the DT 12299 629 29 beam beam NN 12299 629 30 due due IN 12299 629 31 to to IN 12299 629 32 a a DT 12299 629 33 tensile tensile JJ 12299 629 34 stress stress NN 12299 629 35 parallel parallel JJ 12299 629 36 to to IN 12299 629 37 the the DT 12299 629 38 grain grain NN 12299 629 39 , , , 12299 629 40 ( ( -LRB- 12299 629 41 See see VB 12299 629 42 Fig Fig NNP 12299 629 43 . . . 12299 630 1 17 17 CD 12299 630 2 , , , 12299 630 3 No no UH 12299 630 4 . . . 12299 631 1 1 1 LS 12299 631 2 . . . 12299 631 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 632 1 This this DT 12299 632 2 is be VBZ 12299 632 3 common common JJ 12299 632 4 in in IN 12299 632 5 straight straight RB 12299 632 6 - - HYPH 12299 632 7 grained grain VBN 12299 632 8 beams beam NNS 12299 632 9 , , , 12299 632 10 particularly particularly RB 12299 632 11 when when WRB 12299 632 12 the the DT 12299 632 13 wood wood NN 12299 632 14 is be VBZ 12299 632 15 seasoned season VBN 12299 632 16 . . . 12299 633 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 633 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 633 3 : : : 12299 633 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 633 5 . . . 12299 634 1 17.--Characteristic 17.--characteristic CD 12299 634 2 failures failure NNS 12299 634 3 of of IN 12299 634 4 simple simple JJ 12299 634 5 beams beam NNS 12299 634 6 . . . 12299 634 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 635 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 635 2 2)~Cross 2)~cross CD 12299 635 3 - - HYPH 12299 635 4 grained grain VBN 12299 635 5 tension,~ tension,~ NNP 12299 635 6 in in IN 12299 635 7 which which WDT 12299 635 8 the the DT 12299 635 9 fracture fracture NN 12299 635 10 is be VBZ 12299 635 11 caused cause VBN 12299 635 12 by by IN 12299 635 13 a a DT 12299 635 14 tensile tensile JJ 12299 635 15 force force NN 12299 635 16 acting act VBG 12299 635 17 oblique oblique NNP 12299 635 18 to to IN 12299 635 19 the the DT 12299 635 20 grain grain NN 12299 635 21 . . . 12299 636 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 636 2 See see VB 12299 636 3 Fig fig NN 12299 636 4 . . . 12299 637 1 17 17 CD 12299 637 2 , , , 12299 637 3 No no UH 12299 637 4 . . . 12299 638 1 2 2 LS 12299 638 2 . . . 12299 638 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 639 1 This this DT 12299 639 2 is be VBZ 12299 639 3 a a DT 12299 639 4 common common JJ 12299 639 5 form form NN 12299 639 6 of of IN 12299 639 7 failure failure NN 12299 639 8 where where WRB 12299 639 9 the the DT 12299 639 10 beam beam NN 12299 639 11 has have VBZ 12299 639 12 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 639 13 , , , 12299 639 14 spiral spiral JJ 12299 639 15 or or CC 12299 639 16 other other JJ 12299 639 17 form form NN 12299 639 18 of of IN 12299 639 19 cross cross NN 12299 639 20 grain grain NN 12299 639 21 on on IN 12299 639 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 639 23 lower low JJR 12299 639 24 side side NN 12299 639 25 . . . 12299 640 1 Since since IN 12299 640 2 the the DT 12299 640 3 tensile tensile JJ 12299 640 4 strength strength NN 12299 640 5 of of IN 12299 640 6 wood wood NN 12299 640 7 across across IN 12299 640 8 the the DT 12299 640 9 grain grain NN 12299 640 10 is be VBZ 12299 640 11 only only RB 12299 640 12 a a DT 12299 640 13 small small JJ 12299 640 14 fraction fraction NN 12299 640 15 of of IN 12299 640 16 that that DT 12299 640 17 with with IN 12299 640 18 the the DT 12299 640 19 grain grain NN 12299 640 20 it -PRON- PRP 12299 640 21 is be VBZ 12299 640 22 easy easy JJ 12299 640 23 to to TO 12299 640 24 see see VB 12299 640 25 why why WRB 12299 640 26 a a DT 12299 640 27 cross cross JJ 12299 640 28 - - JJ 12299 640 29 grained grained JJ 12299 640 30 timber timber NN 12299 640 31 would would MD 12299 640 32 fail fail VB 12299 640 33 in in IN 12299 640 34 this this DT 12299 640 35 manner manner NN 12299 640 36 . . . 12299 641 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 641 2 3)~Splintering 3)~splintering CD 12299 641 3 tension,~ tension,~ NN 12299 641 4 in in IN 12299 641 5 which which WDT 12299 641 6 the the DT 12299 641 7 failure failure NN 12299 641 8 consists consist VBZ 12299 641 9 of of IN 12299 641 10 a a DT 12299 641 11 considerable considerable JJ 12299 641 12 number number NN 12299 641 13 of of IN 12299 641 14 slight slight JJ 12299 641 15 tension tension NN 12299 641 16 failures failure NNS 12299 641 17 , , , 12299 641 18 producing produce VBG 12299 641 19 a a DT 12299 641 20 ragged ragged JJ 12299 641 21 or or CC 12299 641 22 splintery splintery JJ 12299 641 23 break break NN 12299 641 24 on on IN 12299 641 25 the the DT 12299 641 26 under under JJ 12299 641 27 surface surface NN 12299 641 28 of of IN 12299 641 29 the the DT 12299 641 30 beam beam NN 12299 641 31 . . . 12299 642 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 642 2 See see VB 12299 642 3 Fig fig NN 12299 642 4 . . . 12299 643 1 17 17 CD 12299 643 2 , , , 12299 643 3 No no UH 12299 643 4 . . . 12299 644 1 3 3 LS 12299 644 2 . . . 12299 644 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 645 1 This this DT 12299 645 2 is be VBZ 12299 645 3 common common JJ 12299 645 4 in in IN 12299 645 5 tough tough JJ 12299 645 6 woods wood NNS 12299 645 7 . . . 12299 646 1 In in IN 12299 646 2 this this DT 12299 646 3 case case NN 12299 646 4 the the DT 12299 646 5 surface surface NN 12299 646 6 of of IN 12299 646 7 fracture fracture NN 12299 646 8 is be VBZ 12299 646 9 fibrous fibrous JJ 12299 646 10 . . . 12299 647 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 647 2 4)~Brittle 4)~brittle CD 12299 647 3 tension,~ tension,~ NN 12299 647 4 in in IN 12299 647 5 which which WDT 12299 647 6 the the DT 12299 647 7 beam beam NN 12299 647 8 fails fail VBZ 12299 647 9 by by IN 12299 647 10 a a DT 12299 647 11 clean clean JJ 12299 647 12 break break NN 12299 647 13 extending extend VBG 12299 647 14 entirely entirely RB 12299 647 15 through through IN 12299 647 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 647 17 . . . 12299 648 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 648 2 See see VB 12299 648 3 Fig fig NN 12299 648 4 . . . 12299 649 1 17 17 CD 12299 649 2 , , , 12299 649 3 No no UH 12299 649 4 . . . 12299 650 1 4 4 LS 12299 650 2 . . . 12299 650 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 651 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 651 2 is be VBZ 12299 651 3 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 651 4 of of IN 12299 651 5 a a DT 12299 651 6 brittle brittle JJ 12299 651 7 wood wood NN 12299 651 8 which which WDT 12299 651 9 gives give VBZ 12299 651 10 way way NN 12299 651 11 suddenly suddenly RB 12299 651 12 without without IN 12299 651 13 warning warning NN 12299 651 14 , , , 12299 651 15 like like IN 12299 651 16 a a DT 12299 651 17 piece piece NN 12299 651 18 of of IN 12299 651 19 chalk chalk NN 12299 651 20 . . . 12299 652 1 In in IN 12299 652 2 this this DT 12299 652 3 case case NN 12299 652 4 the the DT 12299 652 5 surface surface NN 12299 652 6 of of IN 12299 652 7 fracture fracture NN 12299 652 8 is be VBZ 12299 652 9 described describe VBN 12299 652 10 as as IN 12299 652 11 brash brash NNP 12299 652 12 . . . 12299 653 1 ~Compression ~Compression NFP 12299 653 2 failure~ failure~ NNP 12299 653 3 ( ( -LRB- 12299 653 4 see see VB 12299 653 5 Fig Fig NNP 12299 653 6 . . . 12299 654 1 17 17 CD 12299 654 2 , , , 12299 654 3 No no UH 12299 654 4 . . . 12299 655 1 5 5 LS 12299 655 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 655 3 has have VBZ 12299 655 4 few few JJ 12299 655 5 variations variation NNS 12299 655 6 except except IN 12299 655 7 that that IN 12299 655 8 it -PRON- PRP 12299 655 9 appears appear VBZ 12299 655 10 at at IN 12299 655 11 various various JJ 12299 655 12 distances distance NNS 12299 655 13 from from IN 12299 655 14 the the DT 12299 655 15 neutral neutral JJ 12299 655 16 plane plane NN 12299 655 17 of of IN 12299 655 18 the the DT 12299 655 19 beam beam NN 12299 655 20 . . . 12299 656 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 656 2 is be VBZ 12299 656 3 very very RB 12299 656 4 common common JJ 12299 656 5 in in IN 12299 656 6 green green JJ 12299 656 7 timbers timber NNS 12299 656 8 . . . 12299 657 1 The the DT 12299 657 2 compressive compressive JJ 12299 657 3 stress stress NN 12299 657 4 parallel parallel NN 12299 657 5 to to IN 12299 657 6 the the DT 12299 657 7 fibres fibre NNS 12299 657 8 causes cause VBZ 12299 657 9 them -PRON- PRP 12299 657 10 to to TO 12299 657 11 buckle buckle VB 12299 657 12 or or CC 12299 657 13 bend bend VB 12299 657 14 as as IN 12299 657 15 in in IN 12299 657 16 an an DT 12299 657 17 endwise endwise JJ 12299 657 18 compressive compressive JJ 12299 657 19 test test NN 12299 657 20 . . . 12299 658 1 This this DT 12299 658 2 action action NN 12299 658 3 usually usually RB 12299 658 4 begins begin VBZ 12299 658 5 on on IN 12299 658 6 the the DT 12299 658 7 top top JJ 12299 658 8 side side NN 12299 658 9 shortly shortly RB 12299 658 10 after after IN 12299 658 11 the the DT 12299 658 12 elastic elastic JJ 12299 658 13 limit limit NN 12299 658 14 is be VBZ 12299 658 15 reached reach VBN 12299 658 16 and and CC 12299 658 17 extends extend VBZ 12299 658 18 downward downward RB 12299 658 19 , , , 12299 658 20 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 658 21 almost almost RB 12299 658 22 reaching reach VBG 12299 658 23 the the DT 12299 658 24 neutral neutral JJ 12299 658 25 plane plane NN 12299 658 26 before before IN 12299 658 27 complete complete JJ 12299 658 28 failure failure NN 12299 658 29 occurs occur VBZ 12299 658 30 . . . 12299 659 1 Frequently frequently RB 12299 659 2 two two CD 12299 659 3 or or CC 12299 659 4 more more JJR 12299 659 5 failures failure NNS 12299 659 6 develop develop VBP 12299 659 7 at at IN 12299 659 8 about about IN 12299 659 9 the the DT 12299 659 10 same same JJ 12299 659 11 time time NN 12299 659 12 . . . 12299 660 1 ~Horizontal ~Horizontal NFP 12299 660 2 shear shear NNP 12299 660 3 failure,~ failure,~ NNP 12299 660 4 in in IN 12299 660 5 which which WDT 12299 660 6 the the DT 12299 660 7 upper upper JJ 12299 660 8 and and CC 12299 660 9 lower low JJR 12299 660 10 portions portion NNS 12299 660 11 of of IN 12299 660 12 the the DT 12299 660 13 beam beam NN 12299 660 14 slide slide NN 12299 660 15 along along IN 12299 660 16 each each DT 12299 660 17 other other JJ 12299 660 18 for for IN 12299 660 19 a a DT 12299 660 20 portion portion NN 12299 660 21 of of IN 12299 660 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 660 23 length length NN 12299 660 24 either either CC 12299 660 25 at at IN 12299 660 26 one one CD 12299 660 27 or or CC 12299 660 28 at at IN 12299 660 29 both both DT 12299 660 30 ends end NNS 12299 660 31 ( ( -LRB- 12299 660 32 see see VB 12299 660 33 Fig Fig NNP 12299 660 34 . . . 12299 661 1 17 17 CD 12299 661 2 , , , 12299 661 3 No no UH 12299 661 4 . . . 12299 662 1 6 6 LS 12299 662 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 662 3 , , , 12299 662 4 is be VBZ 12299 662 5 fairly fairly RB 12299 662 6 common common JJ 12299 662 7 in in IN 12299 662 8 air air NN 12299 662 9 - - HYPH 12299 662 10 dry dry JJ 12299 662 11 material material NN 12299 662 12 and and CC 12299 662 13 in in IN 12299 662 14 green green JJ 12299 662 15 material material NN 12299 662 16 when when WRB 12299 662 17 the the DT 12299 662 18 ratio ratio NN 12299 662 19 of of IN 12299 662 20 the the DT 12299 662 21 height height NN 12299 662 22 of of IN 12299 662 23 the the DT 12299 662 24 beam beam NN 12299 662 25 to to IN 12299 662 26 the the DT 12299 662 27 span span NN 12299 662 28 is be VBZ 12299 662 29 relatively relatively RB 12299 662 30 large large JJ 12299 662 31 . . . 12299 663 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 663 2 is be VBZ 12299 663 3 not not RB 12299 663 4 common common JJ 12299 663 5 in in IN 12299 663 6 small small JJ 12299 663 7 clear clear JJ 12299 663 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 663 9 . . . 12299 664 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 664 2 is be VBZ 12299 664 3 often often RB 12299 664 4 due due JJ 12299 664 5 to to TO 12299 664 6 shake shake VB 12299 664 7 or or CC 12299 664 8 season season NN 12299 664 9 checks check NNS 12299 664 10 , , , 12299 664 11 common common JJ 12299 664 12 in in IN 12299 664 13 large large JJ 12299 664 14 timbers timber NNS 12299 664 15 , , , 12299 664 16 which which WDT 12299 664 17 reduce reduce VBP 12299 664 18 the the DT 12299 664 19 actual actual JJ 12299 664 20 area area NN 12299 664 21 resisting resist VBG 12299 664 22 the the DT 12299 664 23 shearing shearing NN 12299 664 24 action action NN 12299 664 25 considerably considerably RB 12299 664 26 below below IN 12299 664 27 the the DT 12299 664 28 calculated calculate VBN 12299 664 29 area area NN 12299 664 30 used use VBN 12299 664 31 in in IN 12299 664 32 the the DT 12299 664 33 formulà formulà NNP 12299 664 34 ¦ ¦ : 12299 664 35 for for IN 12299 664 36 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 664 37 shear shear NN 12299 664 38 . . . 12299 665 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 665 2 See see VB 12299 665 3 page page NN 12299 665 4 98 98 CD 12299 665 5 for for IN 12299 665 6 this this DT 12299 665 7 formulà formulà NNP 12299 665 8 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 665 9 . . . 12299 665 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 666 1 For for IN 12299 666 2 this this DT 12299 666 3 reason reason NN 12299 666 4 it -PRON- PRP 12299 666 5 is be VBZ 12299 666 6 unsafe unsafe JJ 12299 666 7 , , , 12299 666 8 in in IN 12299 666 9 designing design VBG 12299 666 10 large large JJ 12299 666 11 timber timber NN 12299 666 12 beams beam NNS 12299 666 13 , , , 12299 666 14 to to TO 12299 666 15 use use VB 12299 666 16 shearing shearing NN 12299 666 17 stresses stress NNS 12299 666 18 higher high JJR 12299 666 19 than than IN 12299 666 20 those those DT 12299 666 21 calculated calculate VBN 12299 666 22 for for IN 12299 666 23 beams beam NNS 12299 666 24 that that WDT 12299 666 25 failed fail VBD 12299 666 26 in in IN 12299 666 27 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 666 28 shear shear NN 12299 666 29 . . . 12299 667 1 The the DT 12299 667 2 effect effect NN 12299 667 3 of of IN 12299 667 4 a a DT 12299 667 5 failure failure NN 12299 667 6 in in IN 12299 667 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 667 8 shear shear NN 12299 667 9 is be VBZ 12299 667 10 to to TO 12299 667 11 divide divide VB 12299 667 12 the the DT 12299 667 13 beam beam NN 12299 667 14 into into IN 12299 667 15 two two CD 12299 667 16 or or CC 12299 667 17 more more JJR 12299 667 18 beams beam NNS 12299 667 19 the the DT 12299 667 20 combined combined JJ 12299 667 21 strength strength NN 12299 667 22 of of IN 12299 667 23 which which WDT 12299 667 24 is be VBZ 12299 667 25 much much RB 12299 667 26 less less JJR 12299 667 27 than than IN 12299 667 28 that that DT 12299 667 29 of of IN 12299 667 30 the the DT 12299 667 31 original original JJ 12299 667 32 beam beam NN 12299 667 33 . . . 12299 668 1 Fig fig NN 12299 668 2 . . . 12299 669 1 18 18 CD 12299 669 2 shows show VBZ 12299 669 3 a a DT 12299 669 4 large large JJ 12299 669 5 beam beam NN 12299 669 6 in in IN 12299 669 7 which which WDT 12299 669 8 two two CD 12299 669 9 failures failure NNS 12299 669 10 in in IN 12299 669 11 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 669 12 shear shear NN 12299 669 13 occurred occur VBD 12299 669 14 at at IN 12299 669 15 the the DT 12299 669 16 same same JJ 12299 669 17 end end NN 12299 669 18 . . . 12299 670 1 That that IN 12299 670 2 the the DT 12299 670 3 parts part NNS 12299 670 4 behave behave VBP 12299 670 5 independently independently RB 12299 670 6 is be VBZ 12299 670 7 shown show VBN 12299 670 8 by by IN 12299 670 9 the the DT 12299 670 10 compression compression NN 12299 670 11 failure failure NN 12299 670 12 below below IN 12299 670 13 the the DT 12299 670 14 original original JJ 12299 670 15 location location NN 12299 670 16 of of IN 12299 670 17 the the DT 12299 670 18 neutral neutral JJ 12299 670 19 plane plane NN 12299 670 20 . . . 12299 671 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 671 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 671 3 : : : 12299 671 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 671 5 . . . 12299 672 1 18.--Failure 18.--failure CD 12299 672 2 of of IN 12299 672 3 a a DT 12299 672 4 large large JJ 12299 672 5 beam beam NN 12299 672 6 by by IN 12299 672 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 672 8 shear shear NN 12299 672 9 . . . 12299 673 1 _ _ NNP 12299 673 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 673 3 by by IN 12299 673 4 U. U. NNP 12299 674 1 S S NNP 12299 674 2 , , , 12299 674 3 Forest Forest NNP 12299 674 4 Service Service NNP 12299 674 5 . . . 12299 674 6 _ _ NNP 12299 674 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 674 8 Table table NN 12299 674 9 XI XI NNP 12299 674 10 gives give VBZ 12299 674 11 an an DT 12299 674 12 analysis analysis NN 12299 674 13 of of IN 12299 674 14 the the DT 12299 674 15 causes cause NNS 12299 674 16 of of IN 12299 674 17 first first JJ 12299 674 18 failure failure NN 12299 674 19 in in IN 12299 674 20 840 840 CD 12299 674 21 large large JJ 12299 674 22 timber timber NN 12299 674 23 beams beam NNS 12299 674 24 of of IN 12299 674 25 nine nine CD 12299 674 26 different different JJ 12299 674 27 species specie NNS 12299 674 28 of of IN 12299 674 29 conifers conifer NNS 12299 674 30 . . . 12299 675 1 Of of IN 12299 675 2 the the DT 12299 675 3 total total JJ 12299 675 4 number number NN 12299 675 5 tested test VBN 12299 675 6 165 165 CD 12299 675 7 were be VBD 12299 675 8 air air NN 12299 675 9 - - HYPH 12299 675 10 seasoned season VBN 12299 675 11 , , , 12299 675 12 the the DT 12299 675 13 remainder remainder NN 12299 675 14 green green JJ 12299 675 15 . . . 12299 676 1 The the DT 12299 676 2 failure failure NN 12299 676 3 occurring occur VBG 12299 676 4 first first JJ 12299 676 5 signifies signifie NNS 12299 676 6 the the DT 12299 676 7 point point NN 12299 676 8 of of IN 12299 676 9 greatest great JJS 12299 676 10 weakness weakness NN 12299 676 11 in in IN 12299 676 12 the the DT 12299 676 13 specimen speciman NNS 12299 676 14 under under IN 12299 676 15 the the DT 12299 676 16 particular particular JJ 12299 676 17 conditions condition NNS 12299 676 18 of of IN 12299 676 19 loading loading NN 12299 676 20 employed employ VBN 12299 676 21 ( ( -LRB- 12299 676 22 in in IN 12299 676 23 this this DT 12299 676 24 case case NN 12299 676 25 , , , 12299 676 26 third third JJ 12299 676 27 - - HYPH 12299 676 28 point point NN 12299 676 29 static static JJ 12299 676 30 loading loading NN 12299 676 31 ) ) -RRB- 12299 676 32 . . . 12299 677 1 |-----------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 677 2 | | NNP 12299 677 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 677 4 XI XI NNP 12299 677 5 | | NNP 12299 677 6 |-----------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 677 7 | | NNP 12299 677 8 MANNER MANNER NNP 12299 677 9 OF of IN 12299 677 10 FIRST first JJ 12299 677 11 FAILURE FAILURE NNS 12299 677 12 OF of IN 12299 677 13 LARGE LARGE NNP 12299 677 14 BEAMS BEAMS NNP 12299 677 15 | | NNP 12299 677 16 | | NNP 12299 677 17 ( ( -LRB- 12299 677 18 Forest Forest NNP 12299 677 19 Service Service NNP 12299 677 20 Bul Bul NNP 12299 677 21 . . . 12299 678 1 108 108 CD 12299 678 2 , , , 12299 678 3 p. p. NN 12299 678 4 56 56 CD 12299 678 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 678 6 | | NNP 12299 678 7 |-----------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 678 8 | | NNP 12299 678 9 | | NNP 12299 678 10 Total Total NNP 12299 678 11 | | HYPH 12299 678 12 Per per NN 12299 678 13 cent cent NN 12299 678 14 of of IN 12299 678 15 total total JJ 12299 678 16 failing failing NN 12299 678 17 by by IN 12299 678 18 | | CD 12299 678 19 | | NNP 12299 678 20 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 678 21 NAME NAME NNP 12299 678 22 | | CD 12299 678 23 number number NN 12299 678 24 |---------+-------------+-------| |---------+-------------+-------| NNP 12299 678 25 | | NNP 12299 678 26 OF OF NNP 12299 678 27 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 678 28 | | NNP 12299 678 29 of of IN 12299 678 30 | | NNP 12299 678 31 Tension Tension NNP 12299 678 32 | | NNP 12299 678 33 Compression Compression NNP 12299 678 34 | | NNP 12299 678 35 Shear Shear NNP 12299 678 36 | | NNP 12299 678 37 | | CD 12299 678 38 | | NNP 12299 678 39 tests test VBZ 12299 678 40 | | CD 12299 678 41 | | CD 12299 678 42 | | NNP 12299 678 43 | | NNP 12299 678 44 |------------------+--------+---------+-------------+-------| |------------------+--------+---------+-------------+-------| NNP 12299 678 45 | | NNP 12299 678 46 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 678 47 pine pine NN 12299 678 48 : : : 12299 678 49 | | CD 12299 678 50 | | CD 12299 678 51 | | CD 12299 678 52 | | CD 12299 678 53 | | CD 12299 678 54 | | CD 12299 678 55 green green JJ 12299 678 56 | | CD 12299 678 57 17 17 CD 12299 678 58 | | CD 12299 678 59 18 18 CD 12299 678 60 | | CD 12299 678 61 24 24 CD 12299 678 62 | | CD 12299 678 63 58 58 CD 12299 678 64 | | CD 12299 678 65 | | CD 12299 678 66 dry dry JJ 12299 678 67 | | CD 12299 678 68 9 9 CD 12299 678 69 | | CD 12299 678 70 22 22 CD 12299 678 71 | | CD 12299 678 72 22 22 CD 12299 678 73 | | CD 12299 678 74 56 56 CD 12299 678 75 | | CD 12299 678 76 | | NNP 12299 678 77 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 678 78 fir fir NN 12299 678 79 : : : 12299 678 80 | | CD 12299 678 81 | | CD 12299 678 82 | | CD 12299 678 83 | | CD 12299 678 84 | | CD 12299 678 85 | | CD 12299 678 86 green green JJ 12299 678 87 | | CD 12299 678 88 191 191 CD 12299 678 89 | | CD 12299 678 90 27 27 CD 12299 678 91 | | CD 12299 678 92 72 72 CD 12299 678 93 | | CD 12299 678 94 1 1 CD 12299 678 95 | | CD 12299 678 96 | | CD 12299 678 97 dry dry JJ 12299 678 98 | | CD 12299 678 99 91 91 CD 12299 678 100 | | CD 12299 678 101 19 19 CD 12299 678 102 | | CD 12299 678 103 76 76 CD 12299 678 104 | | CD 12299 678 105 5 5 CD 12299 678 106 | | CD 12299 678 107 | | CD 12299 678 108 Shortleaf shortleaf NN 12299 678 109 pine pine NN 12299 678 110 : : : 12299 678 111 | | CD 12299 678 112 | | CD 12299 678 113 | | CD 12299 678 114 | | CD 12299 678 115 | | CD 12299 678 116 | | CD 12299 678 117 green green JJ 12299 678 118 | | CD 12299 678 119 48 48 CD 12299 678 120 | | CD 12299 678 121 27 27 CD 12299 678 122 | | CD 12299 678 123 56 56 CD 12299 678 124 | | CD 12299 678 125 17 17 CD 12299 678 126 | | CD 12299 678 127 | | CD 12299 678 128 dry dry JJ 12299 678 129 | | CD 12299 678 130 13 13 CD 12299 678 131 | | CD 12299 678 132 54 54 CD 12299 678 133 | | CD 12299 678 134 | | CD 12299 678 135 46 46 CD 12299 678 136 | | CD 12299 678 137 | | JJ 12299 678 138 Western western JJ 12299 678 139 larch larch NN 12299 678 140 : : : 12299 678 141 | | CD 12299 678 142 | | CD 12299 678 143 | | CD 12299 678 144 | | CD 12299 678 145 | | CD 12299 678 146 | | CD 12299 678 147 green green JJ 12299 678 148 | | CD 12299 678 149 62 62 CD 12299 678 150 | | CD 12299 678 151 23 23 CD 12299 678 152 | | CD 12299 678 153 71 71 CD 12299 678 154 | | CD 12299 678 155 6 6 CD 12299 678 156 | | CD 12299 678 157 | | CD 12299 678 158 dry dry JJ 12299 678 159 | | CD 12299 678 160 52 52 CD 12299 678 161 | | CD 12299 678 162 54 54 CD 12299 678 163 | | CD 12299 678 164 19 19 CD 12299 678 165 | | CD 12299 678 166 27 27 CD 12299 678 167 | | CD 12299 678 168 | | NNS 12299 678 169 Loblolly loblolly RB 12299 678 170 pine pine NN 12299 678 171 : : : 12299 678 172 | | CD 12299 678 173 | | CD 12299 678 174 | | CD 12299 678 175 | | CD 12299 678 176 | | CD 12299 678 177 | | CD 12299 678 178 green green JJ 12299 678 179 | | CD 12299 678 180 111 111 CD 12299 678 181 | | CD 12299 678 182 40 40 CD 12299 678 183 | | CD 12299 678 184 53 53 CD 12299 678 185 | | CD 12299 678 186 7 7 CD 12299 678 187 | | CD 12299 678 188 | | CD 12299 678 189 dry dry JJ 12299 678 190 | | CD 12299 678 191 25 25 CD 12299 678 192 | | CD 12299 678 193 60 60 CD 12299 678 194 | | CD 12299 678 195 12 12 CD 12299 678 196 | | CD 12299 678 197 28 28 CD 12299 678 198 | | CD 12299 678 199 | | CD 12299 678 200 Tamarack tamarack NN 12299 678 201 : : : 12299 678 202 | | CD 12299 678 203 | | CD 12299 678 204 | | CD 12299 678 205 | | CD 12299 678 206 | | CD 12299 678 207 | | CD 12299 678 208 green green JJ 12299 678 209 | | CD 12299 678 210 30 30 CD 12299 678 211 | | CD 12299 678 212 37 37 CD 12299 678 213 | | CD 12299 678 214 53 53 CD 12299 678 215 | | CD 12299 678 216 10 10 CD 12299 678 217 | | CD 12299 678 218 | | CD 12299 678 219 dry dry JJ 12299 678 220 | | CD 12299 678 221 9 9 CD 12299 678 222 | | CD 12299 678 223 45 45 CD 12299 678 224 | | CD 12299 678 225 22 22 CD 12299 678 226 | | CD 12299 678 227 33 33 CD 12299 678 228 | | CD 12299 678 229 | | CD 12299 678 230 Western western JJ 12299 678 231 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 678 232 : : : 12299 678 233 | | CD 12299 678 234 | | CD 12299 678 235 | | CD 12299 678 236 | | CD 12299 678 237 | | CD 12299 678 238 | | CD 12299 678 239 green green JJ 12299 678 240 | | CD 12299 678 241 39 39 CD 12299 678 242 | | CD 12299 678 243 21 21 CD 12299 678 244 | | CD 12299 678 245 74 74 CD 12299 678 246 | | CD 12299 678 247 5 5 CD 12299 678 248 | | CD 12299 678 249 | | CD 12299 678 250 dry dry JJ 12299 678 251 | | CD 12299 678 252 44 44 CD 12299 678 253 | | CD 12299 678 254 11 11 CD 12299 678 255 | | CD 12299 678 256 66 66 CD 12299 678 257 | | CD 12299 678 258 23 23 CD 12299 678 259 | | CD 12299 678 260 | | CD 12299 678 261 Redwood redwood NN 12299 678 262 : : : 12299 678 263 | | NNP 12299 678 264 | | CD 12299 678 265 | | CD 12299 678 266 | | CD 12299 678 267 | | CD 12299 678 268 | | CD 12299 678 269 green green JJ 12299 678 270 | | CD 12299 678 271 28 28 CD 12299 678 272 | | CD 12299 678 273 43 43 CD 12299 678 274 | | CD 12299 678 275 50 50 CD 12299 678 276 | | CD 12299 678 277 7 7 CD 12299 678 278 | | CD 12299 678 279 | | CD 12299 678 280 dry dry JJ 12299 678 281 | | CD 12299 678 282 12 12 CD 12299 678 283 | | CD 12299 678 284 83 83 CD 12299 678 285 | | CD 12299 678 286 17 17 CD 12299 678 287 | | CD 12299 678 288 | | CD 12299 678 289 | | NNP 12299 678 290 Norway Norway NNP 12299 678 291 pine pine NN 12299 678 292 : : : 12299 678 293 | | CD 12299 678 294 | | CD 12299 678 295 | | CD 12299 678 296 | | CD 12299 678 297 | | CD 12299 678 298 | | CD 12299 678 299 green green JJ 12299 678 300 | | CD 12299 678 301 49 49 CD 12299 678 302 | | CD 12299 678 303 18 18 CD 12299 678 304 | | CD 12299 678 305 76 76 CD 12299 678 306 | | CD 12299 678 307 6 6 CD 12299 678 308 | | CD 12299 678 309 | | CD 12299 678 310 dry dry JJ 12299 678 311 | | CD 12299 678 312 10 10 CD 12299 678 313 | | CD 12299 678 314 30 30 CD 12299 678 315 | | CD 12299 678 316 60 60 CD 12299 678 317 | | CD 12299 678 318 10 10 CD 12299 678 319 | | NNP 12299 678 320 |-----------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 678 321 | | CD 12299 678 322 NOTE.--These note.--these JJ 12299 678 323 tests test NNS 12299 678 324 were be VBD 12299 678 325 made make VBN 12299 678 326 on on IN 12299 678 327 timbers timber NNS 12299 678 328 ranging range VBG 12299 678 329 in in IN 12299 678 330 cross cross JJ 12299 678 331 | | JJ 12299 678 332 | | NNP 12299 678 333 section section NN 12299 678 334 from from IN 12299 678 335 4 4 CD 12299 678 336 " " NNS 12299 678 337 x x SYM 12299 678 338 10 10 CD 12299 678 339 " " '' 12299 678 340 to to IN 12299 678 341 8 8 CD 12299 678 342 " " NNS 12299 678 343 x x SYM 12299 678 344 16 16 CD 12299 678 345 " " '' 12299 678 346 , , , 12299 678 347 and and CC 12299 678 348 with with IN 12299 678 349 a a DT 12299 678 350 span span NN 12299 678 351 of of IN 12299 678 352 15 15 CD 12299 678 353 | | HYPH 12299 678 354 | | CD 12299 678 355 feet foot NNS 12299 678 356 . . . 12299 679 1 | | NNP 12299 679 2 |-----------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 679 3 TOUGHNESS TOUGHNESS NNP 12299 679 4 : : : 12299 679 5 TORSION TORSION NNP 12299 679 6 Toughness Toughness NNP 12299 679 7 is be VBZ 12299 679 8 a a DT 12299 679 9 term term NN 12299 679 10 applied apply VBN 12299 679 11 to to IN 12299 679 12 more more JJR 12299 679 13 than than IN 12299 679 14 one one CD 12299 679 15 property property NN 12299 679 16 of of IN 12299 679 17 wood wood NN 12299 679 18 . . . 12299 680 1 Thus thus RB 12299 680 2 wood wood NN 12299 680 3 that that WDT 12299 680 4 is be VBZ 12299 680 5 difficult difficult JJ 12299 680 6 to to TO 12299 680 7 split split VB 12299 680 8 is be VBZ 12299 680 9 said say VBN 12299 680 10 to to TO 12299 680 11 be be VB 12299 680 12 tough tough JJ 12299 680 13 . . . 12299 681 1 Again again RB 12299 681 2 , , , 12299 681 3 a a DT 12299 681 4 tough tough JJ 12299 681 5 wood wood NN 12299 681 6 is be VBZ 12299 681 7 one one NN 12299 681 8 that that WDT 12299 681 9 will will MD 12299 681 10 not not RB 12299 681 11 rupture rupture VB 12299 681 12 until until IN 12299 681 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 681 14 has have VBZ 12299 681 15 deformed deform VBN 12299 681 16 considerably considerably RB 12299 681 17 under under IN 12299 681 18 loads load NNS 12299 681 19 at at IN 12299 681 20 or or CC 12299 681 21 near near IN 12299 681 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 681 23 maximum maximum JJ 12299 681 24 strength strength NN 12299 681 25 , , , 12299 681 26 or or CC 12299 681 27 one one CD 12299 681 28 which which WDT 12299 681 29 still still RB 12299 681 30 hangs hang VBZ 12299 681 31 together together RB 12299 681 32 after after IN 12299 681 33 it -PRON- PRP 12299 681 34 has have VBZ 12299 681 35 been be VBN 12299 681 36 ruptured rupture VBN 12299 681 37 and and CC 12299 681 38 may may MD 12299 681 39 be be VB 12299 681 40 bent bent JJ 12299 681 41 back back RB 12299 681 42 and and CC 12299 681 43 forth forth RB 12299 681 44 without without IN 12299 681 45 breaking break VBG 12299 681 46 apart apart RB 12299 681 47 . . . 12299 682 1 Toughness Toughness NNP 12299 682 2 includes include VBZ 12299 682 3 flexibility flexibility NN 12299 682 4 and and CC 12299 682 5 is be VBZ 12299 682 6 the the DT 12299 682 7 reverse reverse NN 12299 682 8 of of IN 12299 682 9 brittleness brittleness NN 12299 682 10 , , , 12299 682 11 in in IN 12299 682 12 that that DT 12299 682 13 tough tough JJ 12299 682 14 woods wood NNS 12299 682 15 break break VBP 12299 682 16 gradually gradually RB 12299 682 17 and and CC 12299 682 18 give give VB 12299 682 19 warning warning NN 12299 682 20 of of IN 12299 682 21 failure failure NN 12299 682 22 . . . 12299 683 1 Tough tough JJ 12299 683 2 woods wood NNS 12299 683 3 offer offer VBP 12299 683 4 great great JJ 12299 683 5 resistance resistance NN 12299 683 6 to to TO 12299 683 7 impact impact VB 12299 683 8 and and CC 12299 683 9 will will MD 12299 683 10 permit permit VB 12299 683 11 rougher rough JJR 12299 683 12 treatment treatment NN 12299 683 13 in in IN 12299 683 14 manipulations manipulation NNS 12299 683 15 attending attend VBG 12299 683 16 manufacture manufacture NN 12299 683 17 and and CC 12299 683 18 use use NN 12299 683 19 . . . 12299 684 1 Toughness Toughness NNP 12299 684 2 is be VBZ 12299 684 3 dependent dependent JJ 12299 684 4 upon upon IN 12299 684 5 the the DT 12299 684 6 strength strength NN 12299 684 7 , , , 12299 684 8 cohesion cohesion NN 12299 684 9 , , , 12299 684 10 quality quality NN 12299 684 11 , , , 12299 684 12 length length NN 12299 684 13 , , , 12299 684 14 and and CC 12299 684 15 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 684 16 of of IN 12299 684 17 fibre fibre NN 12299 684 18 , , , 12299 684 19 and and CC 12299 684 20 the the DT 12299 684 21 pliability pliability NN 12299 684 22 of of IN 12299 684 23 the the DT 12299 684 24 wood wood NN 12299 684 25 . . . 12299 685 1 Coniferous coniferous JJ 12299 685 2 woods wood NNS 12299 685 3 as as IN 12299 685 4 a a DT 12299 685 5 rule rule NN 12299 685 6 are be VBP 12299 685 7 not not RB 12299 685 8 as as RB 12299 685 9 tough tough JJ 12299 685 10 as as IN 12299 685 11 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 685 12 , , , 12299 685 13 of of IN 12299 685 14 which which WDT 12299 685 15 hickory hickory NN 12299 685 16 and and CC 12299 685 17 elm elm NNP 12299 685 18 are be VBP 12299 685 19 the the DT 12299 685 20 best good JJS 12299 685 21 examples example NNS 12299 685 22 . . . 12299 686 1 The the DT 12299 686 2 torsion torsion NN 12299 686 3 or or CC 12299 686 4 twisting twisting NN 12299 686 5 test test NN 12299 686 6 is be VBZ 12299 686 7 useful useful JJ 12299 686 8 in in IN 12299 686 9 determining determine VBG 12299 686 10 the the DT 12299 686 11 toughness toughness NN 12299 686 12 of of IN 12299 686 13 wood wood NN 12299 686 14 . . . 12299 687 1 If if IN 12299 687 2 the the DT 12299 687 3 ends end NNS 12299 687 4 of of IN 12299 687 5 a a DT 12299 687 6 shaft shaft NN 12299 687 7 are be VBP 12299 687 8 turned turn VBN 12299 687 9 in in RP 12299 687 10 opposite opposite JJ 12299 687 11 directions direction NNS 12299 687 12 , , , 12299 687 13 or or CC 12299 687 14 one one CD 12299 687 15 end end NN 12299 687 16 is be VBZ 12299 687 17 turned turn VBN 12299 687 18 and and CC 12299 687 19 the the DT 12299 687 20 other other JJ 12299 687 21 is be VBZ 12299 687 22 fixed fix VBN 12299 687 23 , , , 12299 687 24 all all DT 12299 687 25 of of IN 12299 687 26 the the DT 12299 687 27 fibres fibre NNS 12299 687 28 except except IN 12299 687 29 those those DT 12299 687 30 at at IN 12299 687 31 the the DT 12299 687 32 axis axi NNS 12299 687 33 tend tend VBP 12299 687 34 to to TO 12299 687 35 assume assume VB 12299 687 36 the the DT 12299 687 37 form form NN 12299 687 38 of of IN 12299 687 39 helices helix NNS 12299 687 40 . . . 12299 688 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 688 2 See see VB 12299 688 3 Fig fig NN 12299 688 4 . . . 12299 689 1 19 19 CD 12299 689 2 . . . 12299 689 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 690 1 The the DT 12299 690 2 strain strain NN 12299 690 3 produced produce VBN 12299 690 4 by by IN 12299 690 5 torsion torsion NN 12299 690 6 or or CC 12299 690 7 twisting twisting NN 12299 690 8 is be VBZ 12299 690 9 essentially essentially RB 12299 690 10 shear shear JJ 12299 690 11 transverse transverse JJ 12299 690 12 and and CC 12299 690 13 parallel parallel JJ 12299 690 14 to to IN 12299 690 15 the the DT 12299 690 16 fibres fibre NNS 12299 690 17 , , , 12299 690 18 combined combine VBN 12299 690 19 with with IN 12299 690 20 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 690 21 tension tension NN 12299 690 22 and and CC 12299 690 23 transverse transverse JJ 12299 690 24 compression compression NN 12299 690 25 . . . 12299 691 1 Within within IN 12299 691 2 the the DT 12299 691 3 elastic elastic JJ 12299 691 4 limit limit NN 12299 691 5 the the DT 12299 691 6 strains strain NNS 12299 691 7 increase increase VBP 12299 691 8 directly directly RB 12299 691 9 as as IN 12299 691 10 the the DT 12299 691 11 distance distance NN 12299 691 12 from from IN 12299 691 13 the the DT 12299 691 14 axis axis NN 12299 691 15 of of IN 12299 691 16 the the DT 12299 691 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 691 18 . . . 12299 692 1 The the DT 12299 692 2 outer outer JJ 12299 692 3 elements element NNS 12299 692 4 are be VBP 12299 692 5 subjected subject VBN 12299 692 6 to to IN 12299 692 7 tensile tensile JJ 12299 692 8 stresses stress NNS 12299 692 9 , , , 12299 692 10 and and CC 12299 692 11 as as IN 12299 692 12 they -PRON- PRP 12299 692 13 become become VBP 12299 692 14 twisted twisted JJ 12299 692 15 tend tend VBP 12299 692 16 to to TO 12299 692 17 compress compress VB 12299 692 18 those those DT 12299 692 19 near near IN 12299 692 20 the the DT 12299 692 21 axis axi NNS 12299 692 22 . . . 12299 693 1 The the DT 12299 693 2 elongated elongated JJ 12299 693 3 elements element NNS 12299 693 4 also also RB 12299 693 5 contract contract VBP 12299 693 6 laterally laterally RB 12299 693 7 . . . 12299 694 1 Cross cross NN 12299 694 2 sections section NNS 12299 694 3 which which WDT 12299 694 4 were be VBD 12299 694 5 originally originally RB 12299 694 6 plane plane NN 12299 694 7 become become JJ 12299 694 8 warped warped JJ 12299 694 9 . . . 12299 695 1 With with IN 12299 695 2 increasing increase VBG 12299 695 3 strain strain VB 12299 695 4 the the DT 12299 695 5 lateral lateral JJ 12299 695 6 adhesion adhesion NN 12299 695 7 of of IN 12299 695 8 the the DT 12299 695 9 outer outer JJ 12299 695 10 fibres fibre NNS 12299 695 11 is be VBZ 12299 695 12 destroyed destroy VBN 12299 695 13 , , , 12299 695 14 allowing allow VBG 12299 695 15 them -PRON- PRP 12299 695 16 to to TO 12299 695 17 slide slide VB 12299 695 18 past past IN 12299 695 19 each each DT 12299 695 20 other other JJ 12299 695 21 , , , 12299 695 22 and and CC 12299 695 23 reducing reduce VBG 12299 695 24 greatly greatly RB 12299 695 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 695 26 power power NN 12299 695 27 of of IN 12299 695 28 resistance resistance NN 12299 695 29 . . . 12299 696 1 In in IN 12299 696 2 this this DT 12299 696 3 way way NN 12299 696 4 the the DT 12299 696 5 strains strain NNS 12299 696 6 on on IN 12299 696 7 the the DT 12299 696 8 fibres fibre NNS 12299 696 9 nearer nearer IN 12299 696 10 the the DT 12299 696 11 axis axi NNS 12299 696 12 are be VBP 12299 696 13 progressively progressively RB 12299 696 14 increased increase VBN 12299 696 15 until until IN 12299 696 16 finally finally RB 12299 696 17 all all DT 12299 696 18 of of IN 12299 696 19 the the DT 12299 696 20 elements element NNS 12299 696 21 are be VBP 12299 696 22 sheared shear VBN 12299 696 23 apart apart RB 12299 696 24 . . . 12299 697 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 697 2 is be VBZ 12299 697 3 only only RB 12299 697 4 in in IN 12299 697 5 the the DT 12299 697 6 toughest tough JJS 12299 697 7 materials material NNS 12299 697 8 that that IN 12299 697 9 the the DT 12299 697 10 full full JJ 12299 697 11 effect effect NN 12299 697 12 of of IN 12299 697 13 this this DT 12299 697 14 action action NN 12299 697 15 can can MD 12299 697 16 be be VB 12299 697 17 observed observe VBN 12299 697 18 . . . 12299 698 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 698 2 See see VB 12299 698 3 Fig fig NN 12299 698 4 . . . 12299 699 1 20 20 CD 12299 699 2 . . . 12299 699 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 700 1 Brittle brittle JJ 12299 700 2 woods wood NNS 12299 700 3 snap snap VBP 12299 700 4 off off RP 12299 700 5 suddenly suddenly RB 12299 700 6 with with IN 12299 700 7 only only RB 12299 700 8 a a DT 12299 700 9 small small JJ 12299 700 10 amount amount NN 12299 700 11 of of IN 12299 700 12 torsion torsion NN 12299 700 13 , , , 12299 700 14 and and CC 12299 700 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 700 16 fracture fracture NN 12299 700 17 is be VBZ 12299 700 18 irregular irregular JJ 12299 700 19 and and CC 12299 700 20 oblique oblique JJ 12299 700 21 to to IN 12299 700 22 the the DT 12299 700 23 axis axis NN 12299 700 24 of of IN 12299 700 25 the the DT 12299 700 26 piece piece NN 12299 700 27 instead instead RB 12299 700 28 of of IN 12299 700 29 frayed fray VBN 12299 700 30 out out RP 12299 700 31 and and CC 12299 700 32 more more RBR 12299 700 33 nearly nearly RB 12299 700 34 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 700 35 to to IN 12299 700 36 the the DT 12299 700 37 axis axis NN 12299 700 38 as as IN 12299 700 39 is be VBZ 12299 700 40 the the DT 12299 700 41 case case NN 12299 700 42 with with IN 12299 700 43 tough tough JJ 12299 700 44 woods wood NNS 12299 700 45 . . . 12299 701 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 701 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 701 3 : : : 12299 701 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 701 5 . . . 12299 702 1 19.--Torsion 19.--torsion CD 12299 702 2 of of IN 12299 702 3 a a DT 12299 702 4 shaft shaft NN 12299 702 5 . . . 12299 702 6 ] ] -RRB- 12299 703 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 703 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 703 3 : : : 12299 703 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 703 5 . . . 12299 704 1 20.--Effect 20.--effect CD 12299 704 2 of of IN 12299 704 3 torsion torsion NN 12299 704 4 on on IN 12299 704 5 different different JJ 12299 704 6 grades grade NNS 12299 704 7 of of IN 12299 704 8 hickory hickory NN 12299 704 9 . . . 12299 705 1 _ _ NNP 12299 705 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 705 3 by by IN 12299 705 4 U. U. NNP 12299 705 5 S. S. NNP 12299 705 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 705 7 Service Service NNP 12299 705 8 . . . 12299 705 9 _ _ NNP 12299 705 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 705 11 HARDNESS HARDNESS NNP 12299 705 12 The the DT 12299 705 13 term term NN 12299 705 14 _ _ NNP 12299 705 15 hardness hardness NN 12299 705 16 _ _ NNP 12299 705 17 is be VBZ 12299 705 18 used use VBN 12299 705 19 in in IN 12299 705 20 two two CD 12299 705 21 senses sense NNS 12299 705 22 , , , 12299 705 23 namely namely RB 12299 705 24 : : : 12299 705 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 705 26 1 1 LS 12299 705 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 705 28 resistance resistance NN 12299 705 29 to to IN 12299 705 30 indentation indentation NN 12299 705 31 , , , 12299 705 32 and and CC 12299 705 33 ( ( -LRB- 12299 705 34 2 2 LS 12299 705 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 705 36 resistance resistance NN 12299 705 37 to to IN 12299 705 38 abrasion abrasion NN 12299 705 39 or or CC 12299 705 40 scratching scratching NN 12299 705 41 . . . 12299 706 1 In in IN 12299 706 2 the the DT 12299 706 3 latter latter JJ 12299 706 4 sense sense NN 12299 706 5 hardness hardness NN 12299 706 6 combined combine VBN 12299 706 7 with with IN 12299 706 8 toughness toughness NN 12299 706 9 is be VBZ 12299 706 10 a a DT 12299 706 11 measure measure NN 12299 706 12 of of IN 12299 706 13 the the DT 12299 706 14 wearing wear VBG 12299 706 15 ability ability NN 12299 706 16 of of IN 12299 706 17 wood wood NN 12299 706 18 and and CC 12299 706 19 is be VBZ 12299 706 20 an an DT 12299 706 21 important important JJ 12299 706 22 consideration consideration NN 12299 706 23 in in IN 12299 706 24 the the DT 12299 706 25 use use NN 12299 706 26 of of IN 12299 706 27 wood wood NN 12299 706 28 for for IN 12299 706 29 floors floor NNS 12299 706 30 , , , 12299 706 31 paving pave VBG 12299 706 32 blocks block NNS 12299 706 33 , , , 12299 706 34 bearings bearing NNS 12299 706 35 , , , 12299 706 36 and and CC 12299 706 37 rollers roller NNS 12299 706 38 . . . 12299 707 1 While while IN 12299 707 2 resistance resistance NN 12299 707 3 to to IN 12299 707 4 indentation indentation NN 12299 707 5 is be VBZ 12299 707 6 dependent dependent JJ 12299 707 7 mostly mostly RB 12299 707 8 upon upon IN 12299 707 9 the the DT 12299 707 10 density density NN 12299 707 11 of of IN 12299 707 12 the the DT 12299 707 13 wood wood NN 12299 707 14 , , , 12299 707 15 the the DT 12299 707 16 wearing wear VBG 12299 707 17 qualities quality NNS 12299 707 18 may may MD 12299 707 19 be be VB 12299 707 20 governed govern VBN 12299 707 21 by by IN 12299 707 22 other other JJ 12299 707 23 factors factor NNS 12299 707 24 such such JJ 12299 707 25 as as IN 12299 707 26 toughness toughness NN 12299 707 27 , , , 12299 707 28 and and CC 12299 707 29 the the DT 12299 707 30 size size NN 12299 707 31 , , , 12299 707 32 cohesion cohesion NN 12299 707 33 , , , 12299 707 34 and and CC 12299 707 35 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 707 36 of of IN 12299 707 37 the the DT 12299 707 38 fibres fibre NNS 12299 707 39 . . . 12299 708 1 In in IN 12299 708 2 use use NN 12299 708 3 for for IN 12299 708 4 floors floor NNS 12299 708 5 , , , 12299 708 6 some some DT 12299 708 7 woods wood NNS 12299 708 8 tend tend VBP 12299 708 9 to to TO 12299 708 10 compact compact VB 12299 708 11 and and CC 12299 708 12 wear wear VB 12299 708 13 smooth smooth JJ 12299 708 14 , , , 12299 708 15 while while IN 12299 708 16 others other NNS 12299 708 17 become become VBP 12299 708 18 splintery splintery JJ 12299 708 19 and and CC 12299 708 20 rough rough JJ 12299 708 21 . . . 12299 709 1 This this DT 12299 709 2 feature feature NN 12299 709 3 is be VBZ 12299 709 4 affected affect VBN 12299 709 5 to to IN 12299 709 6 some some DT 12299 709 7 extent extent NN 12299 709 8 by by IN 12299 709 9 the the DT 12299 709 10 manner manner NN 12299 709 11 in in IN 12299 709 12 which which WDT 12299 709 13 the the DT 12299 709 14 wood wood NN 12299 709 15 is be VBZ 12299 709 16 sawed saw VBN 12299 709 17 ; ; : 12299 709 18 thus thus RB 12299 709 19 edge edge NN 12299 709 20 - - HYPH 12299 709 21 grain grain NN 12299 709 22 pine pine NN 12299 709 23 flooring flooring NN 12299 709 24 is be VBZ 12299 709 25 much much RB 12299 709 26 better well JJR 12299 709 27 than than IN 12299 709 28 flat flat JJ 12299 709 29 - - HYPH 12299 709 30 sawn sawn NN 12299 709 31 for for IN 12299 709 32 uniformity uniformity NN 12299 709 33 of of IN 12299 709 34 wear wear NN 12299 709 35 . . . 12299 710 1 |-------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 710 2 | | NNP 12299 710 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 710 4 XII XII NNP 12299 710 5 | | NNP 12299 710 6 |-------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 710 7 | | NNP 12299 710 8 HARDNESS HARDNESS NNP 12299 710 9 OF of IN 12299 710 10 32 32 CD 12299 710 11 WOODS woods NN 12299 710 12 IN in IN 12299 710 13 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 710 14 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 710 15 , , , 12299 710 16 | | NNP 12299 710 17 | | NNP 12299 710 18 AS as IN 12299 710 19 INDICATED indicate VBN 12299 710 20 BY by IN 12299 710 21 THE the DT 12299 710 22 LOAD LOAD NNP 12299 710 23 REQUIRED REQUIRED NNP 12299 710 24 TO to IN 12299 710 25 IMBED IMBED NNP 12299 710 26 | | CD 12299 710 27 | | NNP 12299 710 28 A A NNP 12299 710 29 0.444-INCH 0.444-INCH NNP 12299 710 30 STEEL steel NN 12299 710 31 BALL ball NN 12299 710 32 TO to IN 12299 710 33 ONE one CD 12299 710 34 - - HYPH 12299 710 35 HALF half NN 12299 710 36 ITS its PRP$ 12299 710 37 DIAMETER DIAMETER NNP 12299 710 38 | | HYPH 12299 710 39 | | NNP 12299 710 40 ( ( -LRB- 12299 710 41 Forest Forest NNP 12299 710 42 Service Service NNP 12299 710 43 Cir Cir NNP 12299 710 44 . . . 12299 711 1 213 213 CD 12299 711 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 711 3 | | NNP 12299 711 4 |-------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 711 5 | | CD 12299 711 6 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 711 7 NAME NAME NNP 12299 711 8 OF of IN 12299 711 9 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 711 10 | | NNP 12299 711 11 Average Average NNP 12299 711 12 | | NNP 12299 711 13 End End NNP 12299 711 14 | | NNP 12299 711 15 Radial Radial NNP 12299 711 16 | | NNP 12299 711 17 Tangential Tangential NNP 12299 711 18 | | NNP 12299 711 19 | | NNP 12299 711 20 | | CD 12299 711 21 | | CD 12299 711 22 surface surface NN 12299 711 23 | | HYPH 12299 711 24 surface surface NN 12299 711 25 | | HYPH 12299 711 26 surface surface NN 12299 711 27 | | NNP 12299 711 28 |------------------------+---------+---------+---------+------------| |------------------------+---------+---------+---------+------------| NNP 12299 711 29 | | NNP 12299 711 30 | | NNP 12299 711 31 Pounds Pounds NNPS 12299 711 32 | | NNP 12299 711 33 Pounds Pounds NNPS 12299 711 34 | | NNP 12299 711 35 Pounds Pounds NNP 12299 711 36 | | NNP 12299 711 37 Pounds Pounds NNPS 12299 711 38 | | POS 12299 711 39 | | CD 12299 711 40 | | CD 12299 711 41 | | CD 12299 711 42 | | CD 12299 711 43 | | CD 12299 711 44 | | CD 12299 711 45 | | NNP 12299 711 46 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 711 47 | | NNP 12299 711 48 | | NNP 12299 711 49 | | CD 12299 711 50 | | CD 12299 711 51 | | CD 12299 711 52 | | CD 12299 711 53 | | CD 12299 711 54 | | CD 12299 711 55 | | CD 12299 711 56 | | CD 12299 711 57 | | CD 12299 711 58 | | CD 12299 711 59 1 1 CD 12299 711 60 Osage osage NN 12299 711 61 orange orange NN 12299 711 62 | | CD 12299 711 63 1,971 1,971 CD 12299 711 64 | | CD 12299 711 65 1,838 1,838 CD 12299 711 66 | | CD 12299 711 67 2,312 2,312 CD 12299 711 68 | | CD 12299 711 69 1,762 1,762 CD 12299 711 70 | | CD 12299 711 71 | | CD 12299 711 72 2 2 CD 12299 711 73 Honey Honey NNP 12299 711 74 locust locust NN 12299 711 75 | | POS 12299 711 76 1,851 1,851 CD 12299 711 77 | | CD 12299 711 78 1,862 1,862 CD 12299 711 79 | | CD 12299 711 80 1,860 1,860 CD 12299 711 81 | | CD 12299 711 82 1,832 1,832 CD 12299 711 83 | | CD 12299 711 84 | | CD 12299 711 85 3 3 CD 12299 711 86 Swamp Swamp NNP 12299 711 87 white white JJ 12299 711 88 oak oak NN 12299 711 89 | | CD 12299 711 90 1,174 1,174 CD 12299 711 91 | | CD 12299 711 92 1,205 1,205 CD 12299 711 93 | | CD 12299 711 94 1,217 1,217 CD 12299 711 95 | | CD 12299 711 96 1,099 1,099 CD 12299 711 97 | | CD 12299 711 98 | | CD 12299 711 99 4 4 CD 12299 711 100 White White NNP 12299 711 101 oak oak NNP 12299 711 102 | | NNP 12299 711 103 1,164 1,164 CD 12299 711 104 | | CD 12299 711 105 1,183 1,183 CD 12299 711 106 | | CD 12299 711 107 1,163 1,163 CD 12299 711 108 | | CD 12299 711 109 1,147 1,147 CD 12299 711 110 | | CD 12299 711 111 | | CD 12299 711 112 5 5 CD 12299 711 113 Post Post NNP 12299 711 114 oak oak NNP 12299 711 115 | | NNP 12299 711 116 1,099 1,099 CD 12299 711 117 | | CD 12299 711 118 1,139 1,139 CD 12299 711 119 | | CD 12299 711 120 1,068 1,068 CD 12299 711 121 | | CD 12299 711 122 1,081 1,081 CD 12299 711 123 | | CD 12299 711 124 | | CD 12299 711 125 6 6 CD 12299 711 126 Black Black NNP 12299 711 127 oak oak NN 12299 711 128 | | CD 12299 711 129 1,069 1,069 CD 12299 711 130 | | CD 12299 711 131 1,093 1,093 CD 12299 711 132 | | CD 12299 711 133 1,083 1,083 CD 12299 711 134 | | CD 12299 711 135 1,031 1,031 CD 12299 711 136 | | CD 12299 711 137 | | CD 12299 711 138 7 7 CD 12299 711 139 Red Red NNP 12299 711 140 oak oak NN 12299 711 141 | | NNP 12299 711 142 1,043 1,043 CD 12299 711 143 | | CD 12299 711 144 1,107 1,107 CD 12299 711 145 | | CD 12299 711 146 1,020 1,020 CD 12299 711 147 | | CD 12299 711 148 1,002 1,002 CD 12299 711 149 | | CD 12299 711 150 | | CD 12299 711 151 8 8 CD 12299 711 152 White White NNP 12299 711 153 ash ash NNP 12299 711 154 | | NNP 12299 711 155 1,046 1,046 CD 12299 711 156 | | CD 12299 711 157 1,121 1,121 CD 12299 711 158 | | CD 12299 711 159 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 711 160 | | CD 12299 711 161 1,017 1,017 CD 12299 711 162 | | CD 12299 711 163 | | CD 12299 711 164 9 9 CD 12299 711 165 Beech Beech NNP 12299 711 166 | | CD 12299 711 167 942 942 CD 12299 711 168 | | CD 12299 711 169 1,012 1,012 CD 12299 711 170 | | CD 12299 711 171 897 897 CD 12299 711 172 | | CD 12299 711 173 918 918 CD 12299 711 174 | | CD 12299 711 175 | | CD 12299 711 176 10 10 CD 12299 711 177 Sugar Sugar NNP 12299 711 178 maple maple NNP 12299 711 179 | | NNP 12299 711 180 937 937 CD 12299 711 181 | | CD 12299 711 182 992 992 CD 12299 711 183 | | CD 12299 711 184 918 918 CD 12299 711 185 | | CD 12299 711 186 901 901 CD 12299 711 187 | | CD 12299 711 188 | | CD 12299 711 189 11 11 CD 12299 711 190 Rock Rock NNP 12299 711 191 elm elm NNP 12299 711 192 | | NNP 12299 711 193 910 910 CD 12299 711 194 | | CD 12299 711 195 954 954 CD 12299 711 196 | | CD 12299 711 197 883 883 CD 12299 711 198 | | CD 12299 711 199 893 893 CD 12299 711 200 | | CD 12299 711 201 | | CD 12299 711 202 12 12 CD 12299 711 203 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 711 204 | | NNP 12299 711 205 799 799 CD 12299 711 206 | | CD 12299 711 207 829 829 CD 12299 711 208 | | CD 12299 711 209 795 795 CD 12299 711 210 | | CD 12299 711 211 773 773 CD 12299 711 212 | | CD 12299 711 213 | | CD 12299 711 214 13 13 CD 12299 711 215 Slippery Slippery NNP 12299 711 216 elm elm NNP 12299 711 217 | | NNP 12299 711 218 788 788 CD 12299 711 219 | | CD 12299 711 220 919 919 CD 12299 711 221 | | CD 12299 711 222 757 757 CD 12299 711 223 | | CD 12299 711 224 687 687 CD 12299 711 225 | | CD 12299 711 226 | | CD 12299 711 227 14 14 CD 12299 711 228 Yellow yellow JJ 12299 711 229 birch birch NN 12299 711 230 | | CD 12299 711 231 778 778 CD 12299 711 232 | | CD 12299 711 233 827 827 CD 12299 711 234 | | CD 12299 711 235 768 768 CD 12299 711 236 | | CD 12299 711 237 739 739 CD 12299 711 238 | | CD 12299 711 239 | | CD 12299 711 240 15 15 CD 12299 711 241 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 711 242 | | NNP 12299 711 243 738 738 CD 12299 711 244 | | CD 12299 711 245 814 814 CD 12299 711 246 | | CD 12299 711 247 666 666 CD 12299 711 248 | | CD 12299 711 249 733 733 CD 12299 711 250 | | CD 12299 711 251 | | CD 12299 711 252 16 16 CD 12299 711 253 Red Red NNP 12299 711 254 maple maple NN 12299 711 255 | | NNP 12299 711 256 671 671 CD 12299 711 257 | | CD 12299 711 258 766 766 CD 12299 711 259 | | CD 12299 711 260 621 621 CD 12299 711 261 | | CD 12299 711 262 626 626 CD 12299 711 263 | | CD 12299 711 264 | | CD 12299 711 265 17 17 CD 12299 711 266 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 711 267 | | CD 12299 711 268 608 608 CD 12299 711 269 | | CD 12299 711 270 664 664 CD 12299 711 271 | | CD 12299 711 272 560 560 CD 12299 711 273 | | CD 12299 711 274 599 599 CD 12299 711 275 | | CD 12299 711 276 | | CD 12299 711 277 18 18 CD 12299 711 278 Black Black NNP 12299 711 279 ash ash NN 12299 711 280 | | NNP 12299 711 281 551 551 CD 12299 711 282 | | CD 12299 711 283 565 565 CD 12299 711 284 | | CD 12299 711 285 542 542 CD 12299 711 286 | | CD 12299 711 287 546 546 CD 12299 711 288 | | CD 12299 711 289 | | CD 12299 711 290 19 19 CD 12299 711 291 White White NNP 12299 711 292 elm elm NNP 12299 711 293 | | NNP 12299 711 294 496 496 CD 12299 711 295 | | CD 12299 711 296 536 536 CD 12299 711 297 | | CD 12299 711 298 456 456 CD 12299 711 299 | | CD 12299 711 300 497 497 CD 12299 711 301 | | CD 12299 711 302 | | CD 12299 711 303 20 20 CD 12299 711 304 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 711 305 | | NNP 12299 711 306 239 239 CD 12299 711 307 | | CD 12299 711 308 273 273 CD 12299 711 309 | | CD 12299 711 310 226 226 CD 12299 711 311 | | CD 12299 711 312 217 217 CD 12299 711 313 | | CD 12299 711 314 | | CD 12299 711 315 | | CD 12299 711 316 | | CD 12299 711 317 | | CD 12299 711 318 | | CD 12299 711 319 | | CD 12299 711 320 | | NNP 12299 711 321 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 711 322 | | NNP 12299 711 323 | | NNP 12299 711 324 | | CD 12299 711 325 | | CD 12299 711 326 | | CD 12299 711 327 | | CD 12299 711 328 | | CD 12299 711 329 | | CD 12299 711 330 | | CD 12299 711 331 | | CD 12299 711 332 | | CD 12299 711 333 | | CD 12299 711 334 1 1 CD 12299 711 335 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 711 336 pine pine NN 12299 711 337 | | NNP 12299 711 338 532 532 CD 12299 711 339 | | CD 12299 711 340 574 574 CD 12299 711 341 | | CD 12299 711 342 502 502 CD 12299 711 343 | | CD 12299 711 344 521 521 CD 12299 711 345 | | CD 12299 711 346 | | CD 12299 711 347 2 2 CD 12299 711 348 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 711 349 fir fir NN 12299 711 350 | | NNP 12299 711 351 410 410 CD 12299 711 352 | | CD 12299 711 353 415 415 CD 12299 711 354 | | CD 12299 711 355 399 399 CD 12299 711 356 | | CD 12299 711 357 416 416 CD 12299 711 358 | | CD 12299 711 359 | | CD 12299 711 360 3 3 CD 12299 711 361 Bald Bald NNP 12299 711 362 cypress cypress NNP 12299 711 363 | | NNP 12299 711 364 390 390 CD 12299 711 365 | | CD 12299 711 366 460 460 CD 12299 711 367 | | CD 12299 711 368 355 355 CD 12299 711 369 | | CD 12299 711 370 354 354 CD 12299 711 371 | | CD 12299 711 372 | | CD 12299 711 373 4 4 CD 12299 711 374 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 711 375 | | NNP 12299 711 376 384 384 CD 12299 711 377 | | CD 12299 711 378 463 463 CD 12299 711 379 | | CD 12299 711 380 354 354 CD 12299 711 381 | | CD 12299 711 382 334 334 CD 12299 711 383 | | CD 12299 711 384 | | CD 12299 711 385 5 5 CD 12299 711 386 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 711 387 | | NNP 12299 711 388 384 384 CD 12299 711 389 | | CD 12299 711 390 401 401 CD 12299 711 391 | | CD 12299 711 392 380 380 CD 12299 711 393 | | CD 12299 711 394 370 370 CD 12299 711 395 | | CD 12299 711 396 | | CD 12299 711 397 6 6 CD 12299 711 398 Red Red NNP 12299 711 399 pine pine NN 12299 711 400 | | NNP 12299 711 401 347 347 CD 12299 711 402 | | CD 12299 711 403 355 355 CD 12299 711 404 | | CD 12299 711 405 345 345 CD 12299 711 406 | | CD 12299 711 407 340 340 CD 12299 711 408 | | CD 12299 711 409 | | CD 12299 711 410 7 7 CD 12299 711 411 White White NNP 12299 711 412 fir fir NN 12299 711 413 | | NNP 12299 711 414 346 346 CD 12299 711 415 | | CD 12299 711 416 381 381 CD 12299 711 417 | | CD 12299 711 418 322 322 CD 12299 711 419 | | CD 12299 711 420 334 334 CD 12299 711 421 | | CD 12299 711 422 | | CD 12299 711 423 8 8 CD 12299 711 424 Western western JJ 12299 711 425 yellow yellow JJ 12299 711 426 pine pine NN 12299 711 427 | | NNP 12299 711 428 328 328 CD 12299 711 429 | | CD 12299 711 430 334 334 CD 12299 711 431 | | CD 12299 711 432 307 307 CD 12299 711 433 | | CD 12299 711 434 342 342 CD 12299 711 435 | | CD 12299 711 436 | | CD 12299 711 437 9 9 CD 12299 711 438 Lodgepole Lodgepole NNP 12299 711 439 pine pine NN 12299 711 440 | | NNP 12299 711 441 318 318 CD 12299 711 442 | | CD 12299 711 443 316 316 CD 12299 711 444 | | CD 12299 711 445 318 318 CD 12299 711 446 | | CD 12299 711 447 319 319 CD 12299 711 448 | | CD 12299 711 449 | | CD 12299 711 450 10 10 CD 12299 711 451 White White NNP 12299 711 452 pine pine NN 12299 711 453 | | NNP 12299 711 454 299 299 CD 12299 711 455 | | CD 12299 711 456 304 304 CD 12299 711 457 | | CD 12299 711 458 294 294 CD 12299 711 459 | | CD 12299 711 460 299 299 CD 12299 711 461 | | CD 12299 711 462 | | CD 12299 711 463 11 11 CD 12299 711 464 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 711 465 pine pine NN 12299 711 466 | | NNP 12299 711 467 266 266 CD 12299 711 468 | | CD 12299 711 469 272 272 CD 12299 711 470 | | CD 12299 711 471 253 253 CD 12299 711 472 | | CD 12299 711 473 274 274 CD 12299 711 474 | | CD 12299 711 475 | | CD 12299 711 476 12 12 CD 12299 711 477 Alpine Alpine NNP 12299 711 478 fir fir NN 12299 711 479 | | NNP 12299 711 480 241 241 CD 12299 711 481 | | CD 12299 711 482 284 284 CD 12299 711 483 | | CD 12299 711 484 203 203 CD 12299 711 485 | | CD 12299 711 486 235 235 CD 12299 711 487 | | CD 12299 711 488 |-------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 711 489 | | NNP 12299 711 490 NOTE.--Black NOTE.--Black NNP 12299 711 491 locust locust NN 12299 711 492 and and CC 12299 711 493 hickory hickory NN 12299 711 494 are be VBP 12299 711 495 not not RB 12299 711 496 included include VBN 12299 711 497 in in IN 12299 711 498 this this DT 12299 711 499 table table NN 12299 711 500 , , , 12299 711 501 | | CD 12299 711 502 | | NNS 12299 711 503 but but CC 12299 711 504 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 711 505 position position NN 12299 711 506 would would MD 12299 711 507 be be VB 12299 711 508 near near IN 12299 711 509 the the DT 12299 711 510 head head NN 12299 711 511 of of IN 12299 711 512 the the DT 12299 711 513 list list NN 12299 711 514 . . . 12299 712 1 | | NNP 12299 712 2 |-------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 712 3 Tests Tests NNPS 12299 712 4 for for IN 12299 712 5 either either DT 12299 712 6 form form NN 12299 712 7 of of IN 12299 712 8 hardness hardness NN 12299 712 9 are be VBP 12299 712 10 of of IN 12299 712 11 comparative comparative JJ 12299 712 12 value value NN 12299 712 13 only only RB 12299 712 14 . . . 12299 713 1 Tests test NNS 12299 713 2 for for IN 12299 713 3 indentation indentation NN 12299 713 4 are be VBP 12299 713 5 commonly commonly RB 12299 713 6 made make VBN 12299 713 7 by by IN 12299 713 8 penetrations penetration NNS 12299 713 9 of of IN 12299 713 10 the the DT 12299 713 11 material material NN 12299 713 12 with with IN 12299 713 13 a a DT 12299 713 14 steel steel NN 12299 713 15 punch punch NN 12299 713 16 or or CC 12299 713 17 ball ball NN 12299 713 18 . . . 12299 714 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 714 2 16 16 CD 12299 714 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 714 4 Tests test NNS 12299 714 5 for for IN 12299 714 6 abrasion abrasion NN 12299 714 7 are be VBP 12299 714 8 made make VBN 12299 714 9 by by IN 12299 714 10 wearing wear VBG 12299 714 11 down down RP 12299 714 12 wood wood NN 12299 714 13 with with IN 12299 714 14 sandpaper sandpaper NN 12299 714 15 or or CC 12299 714 16 by by IN 12299 714 17 means mean NNS 12299 714 18 of of IN 12299 714 19 a a DT 12299 714 20 sand sand NN 12299 714 21 blast blast NN 12299 714 22 . . . 12299 715 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 715 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 715 3 16 16 CD 12299 715 4 : : : 12299 715 5 See see VB 12299 715 6 articles article NNS 12299 715 7 by by IN 12299 715 8 Gabriel Gabriel NNP 12299 715 9 Janka Janka NNP 12299 715 10 listed list VBD 12299 715 11 in in IN 12299 715 12 bibliography bibliography NN 12299 715 13 , , , 12299 715 14 pages page VBZ 12299 715 15 151 151 CD 12299 715 16 - - SYM 12299 715 17 152 152 CD 12299 715 18 . . . 12299 715 19 ] ] -RRB- 12299 716 1 CLEAVABILITY CLEAVABILITY NNP 12299 716 2 _ _ NNP 12299 716 3 Cleavability Cleavability NNP 12299 716 4 _ _ NNP 12299 716 5 is be VBZ 12299 716 6 the the DT 12299 716 7 term term NN 12299 716 8 used use VBN 12299 716 9 to to TO 12299 716 10 denote denote VB 12299 716 11 the the DT 12299 716 12 facility facility NN 12299 716 13 with with IN 12299 716 14 which which WDT 12299 716 15 wood wood NN 12299 716 16 is be VBZ 12299 716 17 split split VBN 12299 716 18 . . . 12299 717 1 A a DT 12299 717 2 splitting splitting JJ 12299 717 3 stress stress NN 12299 717 4 is be VBZ 12299 717 5 one one CD 12299 717 6 in in IN 12299 717 7 which which WDT 12299 717 8 the the DT 12299 717 9 forces force NNS 12299 717 10 act act VBP 12299 717 11 normally normally RB 12299 717 12 like like IN 12299 717 13 a a DT 12299 717 14 wedge wedge NN 12299 717 15 . . . 12299 718 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 718 2 See see VB 12299 718 3 Fig fig NN 12299 718 4 . . . 12299 719 1 21 21 CD 12299 719 2 . . . 12299 719 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 720 1 The the DT 12299 720 2 plane plane NN 12299 720 3 of of IN 12299 720 4 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 720 5 is be VBZ 12299 720 6 parallel parallel JJ 12299 720 7 to to IN 12299 720 8 the the DT 12299 720 9 grain grain NN 12299 720 10 , , , 12299 720 11 either either CC 12299 720 12 radially radially NNP 12299 720 13 or or CC 12299 720 14 tangentially tangentially RB 12299 720 15 . . . 12299 721 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 721 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 721 3 : : : 12299 721 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 721 5 . . . 12299 722 1 21.--Cleavage 21.--cleavage CD 12299 722 2 of of IN 12299 722 3 highly highly RB 12299 722 4 elastic elastic JJ 12299 722 5 wood wood NN 12299 722 6 . . . 12299 723 1 The the DT 12299 723 2 cleft cleft NN 12299 723 3 runs run VBZ 12299 723 4 far far RB 12299 723 5 ahead ahead RB 12299 723 6 of of IN 12299 723 7 the the DT 12299 723 8 wedge wedge NN 12299 723 9 . . . 12299 723 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 724 1 This this DT 12299 724 2 property property NN 12299 724 3 of of IN 12299 724 4 wood wood NN 12299 724 5 is be VBZ 12299 724 6 very very RB 12299 724 7 important important JJ 12299 724 8 in in IN 12299 724 9 certain certain JJ 12299 724 10 uses use NNS 12299 724 11 such such JJ 12299 724 12 as as IN 12299 724 13 firewood firewood NN 12299 724 14 , , , 12299 724 15 fence fence NN 12299 724 16 rails rail NNS 12299 724 17 , , , 12299 724 18 billets billet NNS 12299 724 19 , , , 12299 724 20 and and CC 12299 724 21 squares square NNS 12299 724 22 . . . 12299 725 1 Resistance resistance NN 12299 725 2 to to IN 12299 725 3 splitting splitting NN 12299 725 4 or or CC 12299 725 5 low low JJ 12299 725 6 cleavability cleavability NN 12299 725 7 is be VBZ 12299 725 8 desirable desirable JJ 12299 725 9 where where WRB 12299 725 10 wood wood NN 12299 725 11 must must MD 12299 725 12 hold hold VB 12299 725 13 nails nail NNS 12299 725 14 or or CC 12299 725 15 screws screw NNS 12299 725 16 , , , 12299 725 17 as as IN 12299 725 18 in in IN 12299 725 19 box box NN 12299 725 20 - - HYPH 12299 725 21 making making NN 12299 725 22 . . . 12299 726 1 Wood wood NN 12299 726 2 usually usually RB 12299 726 3 splits split VBZ 12299 726 4 more more RBR 12299 726 5 readily readily RB 12299 726 6 along along IN 12299 726 7 the the DT 12299 726 8 radius radius NN 12299 726 9 than than IN 12299 726 10 parallel parallel NN 12299 726 11 to to IN 12299 726 12 the the DT 12299 726 13 growth growth NN 12299 726 14 rings ring NNS 12299 726 15 though though IN 12299 726 16 exceptions exception NNS 12299 726 17 occur occur VBP 12299 726 18 , , , 12299 726 19 as as IN 12299 726 20 in in IN 12299 726 21 the the DT 12299 726 22 case case NN 12299 726 23 of of IN 12299 726 24 cross cross NN 12299 726 25 grain grain NN 12299 726 26 . . . 12299 727 1 Splitting splitting NN 12299 727 2 involves involve VBZ 12299 727 3 transverse transverse JJ 12299 727 4 tension tension NN 12299 727 5 , , , 12299 727 6 but but CC 12299 727 7 only only RB 12299 727 8 a a DT 12299 727 9 portion portion NN 12299 727 10 of of IN 12299 727 11 the the DT 12299 727 12 fibres fibre NNS 12299 727 13 are be VBP 12299 727 14 under under IN 12299 727 15 stress stress NN 12299 727 16 at at IN 12299 727 17 a a DT 12299 727 18 time time NN 12299 727 19 . . . 12299 728 1 A a DT 12299 728 2 wood wood NN 12299 728 3 of of IN 12299 728 4 little little JJ 12299 728 5 stiffness stiffness JJ 12299 728 6 and and CC 12299 728 7 strong strong JJ 12299 728 8 cohesion cohesion NN 12299 728 9 across across IN 12299 728 10 the the DT 12299 728 11 grain grain NN 12299 728 12 is be VBZ 12299 728 13 difficult difficult JJ 12299 728 14 to to TO 12299 728 15 split split VB 12299 728 16 , , , 12299 728 17 while while IN 12299 728 18 one one CD 12299 728 19 with with IN 12299 728 20 great great JJ 12299 728 21 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 728 22 , , , 12299 728 23 such such JJ 12299 728 24 as as IN 12299 728 25 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 728 26 pine pine NN 12299 728 27 , , , 12299 728 28 is be VBZ 12299 728 29 easily easily RB 12299 728 30 split split VBN 12299 728 31 . . . 12299 729 1 The the DT 12299 729 2 form form NN 12299 729 3 of of IN 12299 729 4 the the DT 12299 729 5 grain grain NN 12299 729 6 and and CC 12299 729 7 the the DT 12299 729 8 presence presence NN 12299 729 9 of of IN 12299 729 10 knots knot NNS 12299 729 11 greatly greatly RB 12299 729 12 affect affect VBP 12299 729 13 this this DT 12299 729 14 quality quality NN 12299 729 15 . . . 12299 730 1 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 730 2 | | NNP 12299 730 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 730 4 XIII XIII NNP 12299 730 5 | | NNP 12299 730 6 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 730 7 | | NNP 12299 730 8 CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE NNP 12299 730 9 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 730 10 OF of IN 12299 730 11 SMALL small JJ 12299 730 12 CLEAR CLEAR NNP 12299 730 13 PIECES pieces NN 12299 730 14 OF of IN 12299 730 15 | | CD 12299 730 16 | | CD 12299 730 17 32 32 CD 12299 730 18 WOODS woods NN 12299 730 19 IN in IN 12299 730 20 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 730 21 CONDITION CONDITION NNP 12299 730 22 | | NNP 12299 730 23 | | NNP 12299 730 24 ( ( -LRB- 12299 730 25 Forest Forest NNP 12299 730 26 Service Service NNP 12299 730 27 Cir Cir NNP 12299 730 28 . . . 12299 731 1 213 213 CD 12299 731 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 731 3 | | NNP 12299 731 4 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 731 5 | | NNP 12299 731 6 | | NNP 12299 731 7 When when WRB 12299 731 8 | | NNP 12299 731 9 When when WRB 12299 731 10 | | HYPH 12299 731 11 | | NNP 12299 731 12 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 731 13 NAME NAME NNP 12299 731 14 | | CD 12299 731 15 surface surface NN 12299 731 16 of of IN 12299 731 17 | | CD 12299 731 18 surface surface NN 12299 731 19 of of IN 12299 731 20 | | NNP 12299 731 21 | | CD 12299 731 22 OF OF NNP 12299 731 23 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 731 24 | | NNP 12299 731 25 failure failure NN 12299 731 26 is be VBZ 12299 731 27 | | JJ 12299 731 28 failure failure NN 12299 731 29 is be VBZ 12299 731 30 | | CD 12299 731 31 | | CD 12299 731 32 | | CD 12299 731 33 radial radial JJ 12299 731 34 | | CD 12299 731 35 tangential tangential JJ 12299 731 36 | | NNP 12299 731 37 |-------------------+------------+------------| |-------------------+------------+------------| NNP 12299 731 38 | | NNP 12299 731 39 | | NNP 12299 731 40 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 731 41 . . . 12299 732 1 per per IN 12299 732 2 | | NNP 12299 732 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 732 4 . . . 12299 733 1 per per IN 12299 733 2 | | NNP 12299 733 3 | | NNP 12299 733 4 | | NNP 12299 733 5 sq sq NN 12299 733 6 . . . 12299 734 1 inch inch NNP 12299 734 2 | | NNP 12299 734 3 sq sq NN 12299 734 4 . . . 12299 735 1 inch inch NNP 12299 735 2 | | NNP 12299 735 3 | | NNP 12299 735 4 | | CD 12299 735 5 | | CD 12299 735 6 | | CD 12299 735 7 | | NNP 12299 735 8 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 735 9 | | NNP 12299 735 10 | | NNP 12299 735 11 | | CD 12299 735 12 | | CD 12299 735 13 | | CD 12299 735 14 | | CD 12299 735 15 | | CD 12299 735 16 | | NNS 12299 735 17 Ash Ash NNP 12299 735 18 , , , 12299 735 19 black black JJ 12299 735 20 | | NNP 12299 735 21 275 275 CD 12299 735 22 | | CD 12299 735 23 260 260 CD 12299 735 24 | | CD 12299 735 25 | | CD 12299 735 26 white white JJ 12299 735 27 | | CD 12299 735 28 333 333 CD 12299 735 29 | | CD 12299 735 30 346 346 CD 12299 735 31 | | CD 12299 735 32 | | NNP 12299 735 33 Bashwood Bashwood NNP 12299 735 34 | | NNP 12299 735 35 130 130 CD 12299 735 36 | | CD 12299 735 37 168 168 CD 12299 735 38 | | CD 12299 735 39 | | NNP 12299 735 40 Beech Beech NNP 12299 735 41 | | NNP 12299 735 42 339 339 CD 12299 735 43 | | CD 12299 735 44 527 527 CD 12299 735 45 | | CD 12299 735 46 | | NNP 12299 735 47 Birch Birch NNP 12299 735 48 , , , 12299 735 49 yellow yellow JJ 12299 735 50 | | CD 12299 735 51 294 294 CD 12299 735 52 | | CD 12299 735 53 287 287 CD 12299 735 54 | | CD 12299 735 55 | | NNS 12299 735 56 Elm elm NN 12299 735 57 , , , 12299 735 58 slippery slippery JJ 12299 735 59 | | CD 12299 735 60 401 401 CD 12299 735 61 | | CD 12299 735 62 424 424 CD 12299 735 63 | | CD 12299 735 64 | | CD 12299 735 65 white white JJ 12299 735 66 | | CD 12299 735 67 210 210 CD 12299 735 68 | | CD 12299 735 69 270 270 CD 12299 735 70 | | CD 12299 735 71 | | CD 12299 735 72 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 735 73 | | NNP 12299 735 74 422 422 CD 12299 735 75 | | CD 12299 735 76 436 436 CD 12299 735 77 | | CD 12299 735 78 | | NNP 12299 735 79 Locust Locust NNP 12299 735 80 , , , 12299 735 81 honey honey NN 12299 735 82 | | NNP 12299 735 83 552 552 CD 12299 735 84 | | CD 12299 735 85 610 610 CD 12299 735 86 | | CD 12299 735 87 | | NNP 12299 735 88 Maple Maple NNP 12299 735 89 , , , 12299 735 90 red red JJ 12299 735 91 | | NNP 12299 735 92 297 297 CD 12299 735 93 | | CD 12299 735 94 330 330 CD 12299 735 95 | | CD 12299 735 96 | | CD 12299 735 97 sugar sugar NN 12299 735 98 | | NNP 12299 735 99 376 376 CD 12299 735 100 | | CD 12299 735 101 513 513 CD 12299 735 102 | | CD 12299 735 103 | | NNS 12299 735 104 Oak Oak NNP 12299 735 105 , , , 12299 735 106 post post NN 12299 735 107 | | NNP 12299 735 108 354 354 CD 12299 735 109 | | CD 12299 735 110 487 487 CD 12299 735 111 | | CD 12299 735 112 | | CD 12299 735 113 red red JJ 12299 735 114 | | CD 12299 735 115 380 380 CD 12299 735 116 | | CD 12299 735 117 470 470 CD 12299 735 118 | | CD 12299 735 119 | | CD 12299 735 120 swamp swamp NN 12299 735 121 white white JJ 12299 735 122 | | CD 12299 735 123 428 428 CD 12299 735 124 | | CD 12299 735 125 536 536 CD 12299 735 126 | | CD 12299 735 127 | | CD 12299 735 128 white white JJ 12299 735 129 | | CD 12299 735 130 382 382 CD 12299 735 131 | | CD 12299 735 132 457 457 CD 12299 735 133 | | CD 12299 735 134 | | CD 12299 735 135 yellow yellow JJ 12299 735 136 | | CD 12299 735 137 379 379 CD 12299 735 138 | | CD 12299 735 139 470 470 CD 12299 735 140 | | CD 12299 735 141 | | NNP 12299 735 142 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 735 143 | | NNP 12299 735 144 265 265 CD 12299 735 145 | | CD 12299 735 146 425 425 CD 12299 735 147 | | CD 12299 735 148 | | CD 12299 735 149 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 735 150 | | NNP 12299 735 151 277 277 CD 12299 735 152 | | CD 12299 735 153 380 380 CD 12299 735 154 | | CD 12299 735 155 | | CD 12299 735 156 | | CD 12299 735 157 | | CD 12299 735 158 | | CD 12299 735 159 | | NNP 12299 735 160 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 735 161 | | NNP 12299 735 162 | | NNP 12299 735 163 | | CD 12299 735 164 | | CD 12299 735 165 | | CD 12299 735 166 | | CD 12299 735 167 | | CD 12299 735 168 | | CD 12299 735 169 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 735 170 ¦ ¦ : 12299 735 171 | | NNP 12299 735 172 148 148 CD 12299 735 173 | | CD 12299 735 174 139 139 CD 12299 735 175 | | CD 12299 735 176 | | NNP 12299 735 177 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 735 178 , , , 12299 735 179 bald bald JJ 12299 735 180 | | CD 12299 735 181 167 167 CD 12299 735 182 | | CD 12299 735 183 154 154 CD 12299 735 184 | | CD 12299 735 185 | | NNS 12299 735 186 Fir Fir NNP 12299 735 187 , , , 12299 735 188 alpine alpine NN 12299 735 189 | | NNP 12299 735 190 130 130 CD 12299 735 191 | | CD 12299 735 192 133 133 CD 12299 735 193 | | CD 12299 735 194 | | NNP 12299 735 195 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 735 196 | | NNP 12299 735 197 139 139 CD 12299 735 198 | | CD 12299 735 199 127 127 CD 12299 735 200 | | CD 12299 735 201 | | CD 12299 735 202 white white JJ 12299 735 203 | | CD 12299 735 204 145 145 CD 12299 735 205 | | CD 12299 735 206 187 187 CD 12299 735 207 | | CD 12299 735 208 | | NNP 12299 735 209 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 735 210 | | NNP 12299 735 211 168 168 CD 12299 735 212 | | CD 12299 735 213 151 151 CD 12299 735 214 | | CD 12299 735 215 | | NNP 12299 735 216 Pine Pine NNP 12299 735 217 , , , 12299 735 218 lodgepole lodgepole NN 12299 735 219 | | NNP 12299 735 220 142 142 CD 12299 735 221 | | CD 12299 735 222 140 140 CD 12299 735 223 | | CD 12299 735 224 | | CD 12299 735 225 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 735 226 | | CD 12299 735 227 187 187 CD 12299 735 228 | | CD 12299 735 229 180 180 CD 12299 735 230 | | CD 12299 735 231 | | CD 12299 735 232 red red JJ 12299 735 233 | | CD 12299 735 234 161 161 CD 12299 735 235 | | CD 12299 735 236 154 154 CD 12299 735 237 | | CD 12299 735 238 | | CD 12299 735 239 sugar sugar NN 12299 735 240 | | NNP 12299 735 241 168 168 CD 12299 735 242 | | CD 12299 735 243 189 189 CD 12299 735 244 | | CD 12299 735 245 | | CD 12299 735 246 western western JJ 12299 735 247 yellow yellow JJ 12299 735 248 | | CD 12299 735 249 162 162 CD 12299 735 250 | | CD 12299 735 251 187 187 CD 12299 735 252 | | CD 12299 735 253 | | CD 12299 735 254 white white JJ 12299 735 255 | | CD 12299 735 256 144 144 CD 12299 735 257 | | CD 12299 735 258 160 160 CD 12299 735 259 | | CD 12299 735 260 | | CD 12299 735 261 Spruce Spruce NNP 12299 735 262 , , , 12299 735 263 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 735 264 | | VBD 12299 735 265 110 110 CD 12299 735 266 | | CD 12299 735 267 135 135 CD 12299 735 268 | | CD 12299 735 269 | | NNP 12299 735 270 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 735 271 | | NNP 12299 735 272 167 167 CD 12299 735 273 | | CD 12299 735 274 159 159 CD 12299 735 275 | | CD 12299 735 276 |---------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 735 277 PART PART NNP 12299 735 278 II II NNP 12299 735 279 FACTORS FACTORS NNP 12299 735 280 AFFECTING affect VBG 12299 735 281 THE the DT 12299 735 282 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 735 283 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 735 284 OF of IN 12299 735 285 WOOD wood NN 12299 735 286 INTRODUCTION introduction FW 12299 735 287 Wood wood NN 12299 735 288 is be VBZ 12299 735 289 an an DT 12299 735 290 organic organic JJ 12299 735 291 product product NN 12299 735 292 -- -- : 12299 735 293 a a DT 12299 735 294 structure structure NN 12299 735 295 of of IN 12299 735 296 infinite infinite JJ 12299 735 297 variation variation NN 12299 735 298 of of IN 12299 735 299 detail detail NN 12299 735 300 and and CC 12299 735 301 design design NN 12299 735 302 . . . 12299 736 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 736 2 17 17 CD 12299 736 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 736 4 It -PRON- PRP 12299 736 5 is be VBZ 12299 736 6 on on IN 12299 736 7 this this DT 12299 736 8 account account NN 12299 736 9 that that IN 12299 736 10 no no DT 12299 736 11 two two CD 12299 736 12 woods wood NNS 12299 736 13 are be VBP 12299 736 14 alike alike RB 12299 736 15 -- -- : 12299 736 16 in in IN 12299 736 17 reality reality NN 12299 736 18 no no DT 12299 736 19 two two CD 12299 736 20 specimens specimen NNS 12299 736 21 from from IN 12299 736 22 the the DT 12299 736 23 same same JJ 12299 736 24 log log NN 12299 736 25 are be VBP 12299 736 26 identical identical JJ 12299 736 27 . . . 12299 737 1 There there EX 12299 737 2 are be VBP 12299 737 3 certain certain JJ 12299 737 4 properties property NNS 12299 737 5 that that WDT 12299 737 6 characterize characterize VBP 12299 737 7 each each DT 12299 737 8 species species NN 12299 737 9 , , , 12299 737 10 but but CC 12299 737 11 they -PRON- PRP 12299 737 12 are be VBP 12299 737 13 subject subject JJ 12299 737 14 to to IN 12299 737 15 considerable considerable JJ 12299 737 16 variation variation NN 12299 737 17 . . . 12299 738 1 Oak Oak NNP 12299 738 2 , , , 12299 738 3 for for IN 12299 738 4 example example NN 12299 738 5 , , , 12299 738 6 is be VBZ 12299 738 7 considered consider VBN 12299 738 8 hard hard JJ 12299 738 9 , , , 12299 738 10 heavy heavy JJ 12299 738 11 , , , 12299 738 12 and and CC 12299 738 13 strong strong JJ 12299 738 14 , , , 12299 738 15 but but CC 12299 738 16 some some DT 12299 738 17 pieces piece NNS 12299 738 18 , , , 12299 738 19 even even RB 12299 738 20 of of IN 12299 738 21 the the DT 12299 738 22 same same JJ 12299 738 23 species specie NNS 12299 738 24 of of IN 12299 738 25 oak oak NN 12299 738 26 , , , 12299 738 27 are be VBP 12299 738 28 much much RB 12299 738 29 harder hard JJR 12299 738 30 , , , 12299 738 31 heavier heavy JJR 12299 738 32 , , , 12299 738 33 and and CC 12299 738 34 stronger strong JJR 12299 738 35 than than IN 12299 738 36 others other NNS 12299 738 37 . . . 12299 739 1 With with IN 12299 739 2 hickory hickory NN 12299 739 3 are be VBP 12299 739 4 associated associate VBN 12299 739 5 the the DT 12299 739 6 properties property NNS 12299 739 7 of of IN 12299 739 8 great great JJ 12299 739 9 strength strength NN 12299 739 10 , , , 12299 739 11 toughness toughness NN 12299 739 12 , , , 12299 739 13 and and CC 12299 739 14 resilience resilience NN 12299 739 15 , , , 12299 739 16 but but CC 12299 739 17 some some DT 12299 739 18 pieces piece NNS 12299 739 19 are be VBP 12299 739 20 comparatively comparatively RB 12299 739 21 weak weak JJ 12299 739 22 and and CC 12299 739 23 brash brash JJ 12299 739 24 and and CC 12299 739 25 ill ill RB 12299 739 26 - - HYPH 12299 739 27 suited suit VBN 12299 739 28 for for IN 12299 739 29 the the DT 12299 739 30 exacting exact VBG 12299 739 31 demands demand NNS 12299 739 32 for for IN 12299 739 33 which which WDT 12299 739 34 good good JJ 12299 739 35 hickory hickory NN 12299 739 36 is be VBZ 12299 739 37 peculiarly peculiarly RB 12299 739 38 adapted adapt VBN 12299 739 39 . . . 12299 740 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 740 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 740 3 17 17 CD 12299 740 4 : : : 12299 740 5 For for IN 12299 740 6 details detail NNS 12299 740 7 regarding regard VBG 12299 740 8 the the DT 12299 740 9 structure structure NN 12299 740 10 of of IN 12299 740 11 wood wood NN 12299 740 12 see see VBP 12299 740 13 Record Record NNP 12299 740 14 , , , 12299 740 15 Samuel Samuel NNP 12299 740 16 J. J. NNP 12299 740 17 : : : 12299 740 18 Identification identification NN 12299 740 19 of of IN 12299 740 20 the the DT 12299 740 21 economic economic JJ 12299 740 22 woods wood NNS 12299 740 23 of of IN 12299 740 24 the the DT 12299 740 25 United United NNP 12299 740 26 States States NNP 12299 740 27 . . . 12299 741 1 New New NNP 12299 741 2 York York NNP 12299 741 3 , , , 12299 741 4 John John NNP 12299 741 5 Wiley Wiley NNP 12299 741 6 & & CC 12299 741 7 Sons Sons NNPS 12299 741 8 , , , 12299 741 9 1912 1912 CD 12299 741 10 . . . 12299 741 11 ] ] -RRB- 12299 742 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 742 2 follows follow VBZ 12299 742 3 that that IN 12299 742 4 no no DT 12299 742 5 definite definite JJ 12299 742 6 value value NN 12299 742 7 can can MD 12299 742 8 be be VB 12299 742 9 assigned assign VBN 12299 742 10 to to IN 12299 742 11 the the DT 12299 742 12 properties property NNS 12299 742 13 of of IN 12299 742 14 any any DT 12299 742 15 wood wood NN 12299 742 16 and and CC 12299 742 17 that that IN 12299 742 18 tables table NNS 12299 742 19 giving give VBG 12299 742 20 average average JJ 12299 742 21 results result NNS 12299 742 22 of of IN 12299 742 23 tests test NNS 12299 742 24 may may MD 12299 742 25 not not RB 12299 742 26 be be VB 12299 742 27 directly directly RB 12299 742 28 applicable applicable JJ 12299 742 29 to to IN 12299 742 30 any any DT 12299 742 31 individual individual JJ 12299 742 32 stick stick NN 12299 742 33 . . . 12299 743 1 With with IN 12299 743 2 sufficient sufficient JJ 12299 743 3 knowledge knowledge NN 12299 743 4 of of IN 12299 743 5 the the DT 12299 743 6 intrinsic intrinsic JJ 12299 743 7 factors factor NNS 12299 743 8 affecting affect VBG 12299 743 9 the the DT 12299 743 10 results result NNS 12299 743 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 743 12 becomes become VBZ 12299 743 13 possible possible JJ 12299 743 14 to to TO 12299 743 15 infer infer VB 12299 743 16 from from IN 12299 743 17 the the DT 12299 743 18 appearance appearance NN 12299 743 19 of of IN 12299 743 20 material material NN 12299 743 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 743 22 probable probable JJ 12299 743 23 variation variation NN 12299 743 24 from from IN 12299 743 25 the the DT 12299 743 26 average average NN 12299 743 27 . . . 12299 744 1 As as IN 12299 744 2 yet yet RB 12299 744 3 too too RB 12299 744 4 little little JJ 12299 744 5 is be VBZ 12299 744 6 known know VBN 12299 744 7 of of IN 12299 744 8 the the DT 12299 744 9 relation relation NN 12299 744 10 of of IN 12299 744 11 structure structure NN 12299 744 12 and and CC 12299 744 13 chemical chemical NN 12299 744 14 composition composition NN 12299 744 15 to to IN 12299 744 16 the the DT 12299 744 17 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 744 18 and and CC 12299 744 19 physical physical JJ 12299 744 20 properties property NNS 12299 744 21 to to TO 12299 744 22 permit permit VB 12299 744 23 more more JJR 12299 744 24 than than IN 12299 744 25 general general JJ 12299 744 26 conclusions conclusion NNS 12299 744 27 . . . 12299 745 1 RATE rate NN 12299 745 2 OF of IN 12299 745 3 GROWTH GROWTH NNS 12299 745 4 To to TO 12299 745 5 understand understand VB 12299 745 6 the the DT 12299 745 7 effect effect NN 12299 745 8 of of IN 12299 745 9 variations variation NNS 12299 745 10 in in IN 12299 745 11 the the DT 12299 745 12 rate rate NN 12299 745 13 of of IN 12299 745 14 growth growth NN 12299 745 15 it -PRON- PRP 12299 745 16 is be VBZ 12299 745 17 first first RB 12299 745 18 necessary necessary JJ 12299 745 19 to to TO 12299 745 20 know know VB 12299 745 21 how how WRB 12299 745 22 wood wood NN 12299 745 23 is be VBZ 12299 745 24 formed form VBN 12299 745 25 . . . 12299 746 1 A a DT 12299 746 2 tree tree NN 12299 746 3 increases increase VBZ 12299 746 4 in in IN 12299 746 5 diameter diameter NN 12299 746 6 by by IN 12299 746 7 the the DT 12299 746 8 formation formation NN 12299 746 9 , , , 12299 746 10 between between IN 12299 746 11 the the DT 12299 746 12 old old JJ 12299 746 13 wood wood NN 12299 746 14 and and CC 12299 746 15 the the DT 12299 746 16 inner inner JJ 12299 746 17 bark bark NN 12299 746 18 , , , 12299 746 19 of of IN 12299 746 20 new new JJ 12299 746 21 woody woody NN 12299 746 22 layers layer NNS 12299 746 23 which which WDT 12299 746 24 envelop envelop VBP 12299 746 25 the the DT 12299 746 26 entire entire JJ 12299 746 27 stem stem NN 12299 746 28 , , , 12299 746 29 living live VBG 12299 746 30 branches branch NNS 12299 746 31 , , , 12299 746 32 and and CC 12299 746 33 roots root NNS 12299 746 34 . . . 12299 747 1 Under under IN 12299 747 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 747 3 conditions condition NNS 12299 747 4 one one CD 12299 747 5 layer layer NN 12299 747 6 is be VBZ 12299 747 7 formed form VBN 12299 747 8 each each DT 12299 747 9 year year NN 12299 747 10 and and CC 12299 747 11 in in IN 12299 747 12 cross cross NN 12299 747 13 section section NN 12299 747 14 as as IN 12299 747 15 on on IN 12299 747 16 the the DT 12299 747 17 end end NN 12299 747 18 of of IN 12299 747 19 a a DT 12299 747 20 log log NN 12299 747 21 they -PRON- PRP 12299 747 22 appear appear VBP 12299 747 23 as as IN 12299 747 24 rings ring NNS 12299 747 25 -- -- : 12299 747 26 often often RB 12299 747 27 spoken speak VBN 12299 747 28 of of IN 12299 747 29 as as IN 12299 747 30 _ _ NNP 12299 747 31 annual annual JJ 12299 747 32 rings ring NNS 12299 747 33 _ _ NNP 12299 747 34 . . . 12299 748 1 These these DT 12299 748 2 growth growth NN 12299 748 3 layers layer NNS 12299 748 4 are be VBP 12299 748 5 made make VBN 12299 748 6 up up RP 12299 748 7 of of IN 12299 748 8 wood wood NN 12299 748 9 cells cell NNS 12299 748 10 of of IN 12299 748 11 various various JJ 12299 748 12 kinds kind NNS 12299 748 13 , , , 12299 748 14 but but CC 12299 748 15 for for IN 12299 748 16 the the DT 12299 748 17 most most JJS 12299 748 18 part part NN 12299 748 19 fibrous fibrous JJ 12299 748 20 . . . 12299 749 1 In in IN 12299 749 2 timbers timber NNS 12299 749 3 like like IN 12299 749 4 pine pine NN 12299 749 5 , , , 12299 749 6 spruce spruce NN 12299 749 7 , , , 12299 749 8 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 749 9 , , , 12299 749 10 and and CC 12299 749 11 other other JJ 12299 749 12 coniferous coniferous JJ 12299 749 13 or or CC 12299 749 14 softwood softwood NN 12299 749 15 species specie NNS 12299 749 16 the the DT 12299 749 17 wood wood NN 12299 749 18 cells cell NNS 12299 749 19 are be VBP 12299 749 20 mostly mostly RB 12299 749 21 of of IN 12299 749 22 one one CD 12299 749 23 kind kind NN 12299 749 24 , , , 12299 749 25 and and CC 12299 749 26 as as IN 12299 749 27 a a DT 12299 749 28 result result NN 12299 749 29 the the DT 12299 749 30 material material NN 12299 749 31 is be VBZ 12299 749 32 much much RB 12299 749 33 more more JJR 12299 749 34 uniform uniform JJ 12299 749 35 in in IN 12299 749 36 structure structure NN 12299 749 37 than than IN 12299 749 38 that that DT 12299 749 39 of of IN 12299 749 40 most most JJS 12299 749 41 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 749 42 . . . 12299 750 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 750 2 See see VB 12299 750 3 Frontispiece Frontispiece NNP 12299 750 4 . . . 12299 750 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 751 1 There there EX 12299 751 2 are be VBP 12299 751 3 no no DT 12299 751 4 vessels vessel NNS 12299 751 5 or or CC 12299 751 6 pores pore NNS 12299 751 7 in in IN 12299 751 8 coniferous coniferous JJ 12299 751 9 wood wood NN 12299 751 10 such such JJ 12299 751 11 as as IN 12299 751 12 one one NN 12299 751 13 sees see VBZ 12299 751 14 so so RB 12299 751 15 prominently prominently RB 12299 751 16 in in IN 12299 751 17 oak oak NN 12299 751 18 and and CC 12299 751 19 ash ash NN 12299 751 20 , , , 12299 751 21 for for IN 12299 751 22 example example NN 12299 751 23 . . . 12299 752 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 752 2 See see VB 12299 752 3 Fig fig NN 12299 752 4 . . . 12299 753 1 22 22 CD 12299 753 2 . . . 12299 753 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 754 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 754 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 754 3 : : : 12299 754 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 754 5 . . . 12299 755 1 22.--Cross 22.--cross CD 12299 755 2 sections section NNS 12299 755 3 of of IN 12299 755 4 a a DT 12299 755 5 ring re VBG 12299 755 6 - - HYPH 12299 755 7 porous porous JJ 12299 755 8 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 755 9 ( ( -LRB- 12299 755 10 white white NNP 12299 755 11 ash ash NNP 12299 755 12 ) ) -RRB- 12299 755 13 , , , 12299 755 14 a a DT 12299 755 15 diffuse diffuse NN 12299 755 16 - - HYPH 12299 755 17 porous porous JJ 12299 755 18 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 755 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 755 20 red red NNP 12299 755 21 gum gum NN 12299 755 22 ) ) -RRB- 12299 755 23 , , , 12299 755 24 and and CC 12299 755 25 a a DT 12299 755 26 non non JJ 12299 755 27 - - JJ 12299 755 28 porous porous JJ 12299 755 29 or or CC 12299 755 30 coniferous coniferous JJ 12299 755 31 wood wood NN 12299 755 32 ( ( -LRB- 12299 755 33 eastern eastern NNP 12299 755 34 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 755 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 755 36 . . . 12299 756 1 X X NNP 12299 756 2 30 30 CD 12299 756 3 . . . 12299 757 1 _ _ NNP 12299 757 2 Photomicrographs Photomicrographs NNP 12299 757 3 by by IN 12299 757 4 the the DT 12299 757 5 author author NN 12299 757 6 . . . 12299 757 7 _ _ NNP 12299 757 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 757 9 The the DT 12299 757 10 structure structure NN 12299 757 11 of of IN 12299 757 12 the the DT 12299 757 13 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 757 14 is be VBZ 12299 757 15 more more RBR 12299 757 16 complex complex JJ 12299 757 17 . . . 12299 758 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 758 2 are be VBP 12299 758 3 more more RBR 12299 758 4 or or CC 12299 758 5 less less RBR 12299 758 6 filled fill VBN 12299 758 7 with with IN 12299 758 8 vessels vessel NNS 12299 758 9 , , , 12299 758 10 in in IN 12299 758 11 some some DT 12299 758 12 cases case NNS 12299 758 13 ( ( -LRB- 12299 758 14 oak oak NN 12299 758 15 , , , 12299 758 16 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 758 17 , , , 12299 758 18 ash ash NNP 12299 758 19 ) ) -RRB- 12299 758 20 quite quite RB 12299 758 21 large large JJ 12299 758 22 and and CC 12299 758 23 distinct distinct JJ 12299 758 24 , , , 12299 758 25 in in IN 12299 758 26 others other NNS 12299 758 27 ( ( -LRB- 12299 758 28 buckeye buckeye NN 12299 758 29 , , , 12299 758 30 poplar poplar JJ 12299 758 31 , , , 12299 758 32 gum gum NN 12299 758 33 ) ) -RRB- 12299 758 34 too too RB 12299 758 35 small small JJ 12299 758 36 to to TO 12299 758 37 be be VB 12299 758 38 seen see VBN 12299 758 39 plainly plainly RB 12299 758 40 without without IN 12299 758 41 a a DT 12299 758 42 small small JJ 12299 758 43 hand hand NN 12299 758 44 lens lens NN 12299 758 45 . . . 12299 759 1 In in IN 12299 759 2 discussing discuss VBG 12299 759 3 such such JJ 12299 759 4 woods wood NNS 12299 759 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 759 6 is be VBZ 12299 759 7 customary customary JJ 12299 759 8 to to TO 12299 759 9 divide divide VB 12299 759 10 them -PRON- PRP 12299 759 11 into into IN 12299 759 12 two two CD 12299 759 13 large large JJ 12299 759 14 classes--_ring classes--_ring JJ 12299 759 15 - - HYPH 12299 759 16 porous porous JJ 12299 759 17 _ _ NNP 12299 759 18 and and CC 12299 759 19 _ _ NNP 12299 759 20 diffuse diffuse NN 12299 759 21 - - HYPH 12299 759 22 porous porous JJ 12299 759 23 _ _ NNP 12299 759 24 . . . 12299 760 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 760 2 See see VB 12299 760 3 Fig fig NN 12299 760 4 . . . 12299 761 1 22 22 CD 12299 761 2 . . . 12299 761 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 762 1 In in IN 12299 762 2 ring ring JJ 12299 762 3 - - HYPH 12299 762 4 porous porous JJ 12299 762 5 species specie NNS 12299 762 6 , , , 12299 762 7 such such JJ 12299 762 8 as as IN 12299 762 9 oak oak NN 12299 762 10 , , , 12299 762 11 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 762 12 , , , 12299 762 13 ash ash NN 12299 762 14 , , , 12299 762 15 black black JJ 12299 762 16 locust locust NN 12299 762 17 , , , 12299 762 18 catalpa catalpa NN 12299 762 19 , , , 12299 762 20 mulberry mulberry NN 12299 762 21 , , , 12299 762 22 hickory hickory NN 12299 762 23 , , , 12299 762 24 and and CC 12299 762 25 elm elm NNP 12299 762 26 , , , 12299 762 27 the the DT 12299 762 28 larger large JJR 12299 762 29 vessels vessel NNS 12299 762 30 or or CC 12299 762 31 pores pore NNS 12299 762 32 ( ( -LRB- 12299 762 33 as as IN 12299 762 34 cross cross NN 12299 762 35 sections section NNS 12299 762 36 of of IN 12299 762 37 vessels vessel NNS 12299 762 38 are be VBP 12299 762 39 called call VBN 12299 762 40 ) ) -RRB- 12299 762 41 become become VBN 12299 762 42 localized localize VBN 12299 762 43 in in IN 12299 762 44 one one CD 12299 762 45 part part NN 12299 762 46 of of IN 12299 762 47 the the DT 12299 762 48 growth growth NN 12299 762 49 ring ring NN 12299 762 50 , , , 12299 762 51 thus thus RB 12299 762 52 forming form VBG 12299 762 53 a a DT 12299 762 54 region region NN 12299 762 55 of of IN 12299 762 56 more more JJR 12299 762 57 or or CC 12299 762 58 less less RBR 12299 762 59 open open JJ 12299 762 60 and and CC 12299 762 61 porous porous JJ 12299 762 62 tissue tissue NN 12299 762 63 . . . 12299 763 1 The the DT 12299 763 2 rest rest NN 12299 763 3 of of IN 12299 763 4 the the DT 12299 763 5 ring ring NN 12299 763 6 is be VBZ 12299 763 7 made make VBN 12299 763 8 up up RP 12299 763 9 of of IN 12299 763 10 smaller small JJR 12299 763 11 vessels vessel NNS 12299 763 12 and and CC 12299 763 13 a a DT 12299 763 14 much much RB 12299 763 15 greater great JJR 12299 763 16 proportion proportion NN 12299 763 17 of of IN 12299 763 18 wood wood NN 12299 763 19 fibres fibre NNS 12299 763 20 . . . 12299 764 1 These these DT 12299 764 2 fibres fibre NNS 12299 764 3 are be VBP 12299 764 4 the the DT 12299 764 5 elements element NNS 12299 764 6 which which WDT 12299 764 7 give give VBP 12299 764 8 strength strength NN 12299 764 9 and and CC 12299 764 10 toughness toughness NN 12299 764 11 to to IN 12299 764 12 wood wood NN 12299 764 13 , , , 12299 764 14 while while IN 12299 764 15 the the DT 12299 764 16 vessels vessel NNS 12299 764 17 are be VBP 12299 764 18 a a DT 12299 764 19 source source NN 12299 764 20 of of IN 12299 764 21 weakness weakness NN 12299 764 22 . . . 12299 765 1 In in IN 12299 765 2 diffuse diffuse NN 12299 765 3 - - HYPH 12299 765 4 porous porous JJ 12299 765 5 woods wood NNS 12299 765 6 the the DT 12299 765 7 pores pore NNS 12299 765 8 are be VBP 12299 765 9 scattered scatter VBN 12299 765 10 throughout throughout IN 12299 765 11 the the DT 12299 765 12 growth growth NN 12299 765 13 ring ring NN 12299 765 14 instead instead RB 12299 765 15 of of IN 12299 765 16 being be VBG 12299 765 17 collected collect VBN 12299 765 18 in in IN 12299 765 19 a a DT 12299 765 20 band band NN 12299 765 21 or or CC 12299 765 22 row row NN 12299 765 23 . . . 12299 766 1 Examples example NNS 12299 766 2 of of IN 12299 766 3 this this DT 12299 766 4 kind kind NN 12299 766 5 of of IN 12299 766 6 wood wood NN 12299 766 7 are be VBP 12299 766 8 gum gum NN 12299 766 9 , , , 12299 766 10 yellow yellow JJ 12299 766 11 poplar poplar JJ 12299 766 12 , , , 12299 766 13 birch birch NNP 12299 766 14 , , , 12299 766 15 maple maple NN 12299 766 16 , , , 12299 766 17 cottonwood cottonwood NN 12299 766 18 , , , 12299 766 19 basswood basswood NN 12299 766 20 , , , 12299 766 21 buckeye buckeye NN 12299 766 22 , , , 12299 766 23 and and CC 12299 766 24 willow willow VB 12299 766 25 . . . 12299 767 1 Some some DT 12299 767 2 species specie NNS 12299 767 3 , , , 12299 767 4 such such JJ 12299 767 5 as as IN 12299 767 6 walnut walnut NNP 12299 767 7 and and CC 12299 767 8 cherry cherry NN 12299 767 9 , , , 12299 767 10 are be VBP 12299 767 11 on on IN 12299 767 12 the the DT 12299 767 13 border border NN 12299 767 14 between between IN 12299 767 15 the the DT 12299 767 16 two two CD 12299 767 17 classes class NNS 12299 767 18 , , , 12299 767 19 forming form VBG 12299 767 20 a a DT 12299 767 21 sort sort NN 12299 767 22 of of IN 12299 767 23 intermediate intermediate JJ 12299 767 24 group group NN 12299 767 25 . . . 12299 768 1 If if IN 12299 768 2 one one CD 12299 768 3 examines examine VBZ 12299 768 4 the the DT 12299 768 5 smoothly smoothly RB 12299 768 6 cut cut VBN 12299 768 7 end end NN 12299 768 8 of of IN 12299 768 9 a a DT 12299 768 10 stick stick NN 12299 768 11 of of IN 12299 768 12 almost almost RB 12299 768 13 any any DT 12299 768 14 kind kind NN 12299 768 15 of of IN 12299 768 16 wood wood NN 12299 768 17 , , , 12299 768 18 he -PRON- PRP 12299 768 19 will will MD 12299 768 20 note note VB 12299 768 21 that that IN 12299 768 22 each each DT 12299 768 23 growth growth NN 12299 768 24 ring ring NN 12299 768 25 is be VBZ 12299 768 26 made make VBN 12299 768 27 up up RP 12299 768 28 of of IN 12299 768 29 two two CD 12299 768 30 more more JJR 12299 768 31 or or CC 12299 768 32 less less RBR 12299 768 33 well well RB 12299 768 34 - - HYPH 12299 768 35 defined define VBN 12299 768 36 parts part NNS 12299 768 37 . . . 12299 769 1 That that DT 12299 769 2 originally originally RB 12299 769 3 nearest near JJS 12299 769 4 the the DT 12299 769 5 centre centre NN 12299 769 6 of of IN 12299 769 7 the the DT 12299 769 8 tree tree NN 12299 769 9 is be VBZ 12299 769 10 more more RBR 12299 769 11 open open JJ 12299 769 12 textured textured JJ 12299 769 13 and and CC 12299 769 14 almost almost RB 12299 769 15 invariably invariably RB 12299 769 16 lighter light JJR 12299 769 17 in in IN 12299 769 18 color color NN 12299 769 19 than than IN 12299 769 20 that that DT 12299 769 21 near near IN 12299 769 22 the the DT 12299 769 23 outer outer JJ 12299 769 24 portion portion NN 12299 769 25 of of IN 12299 769 26 the the DT 12299 769 27 ring ring NN 12299 769 28 . . . 12299 770 1 The the DT 12299 770 2 inner inner JJ 12299 770 3 portion portion NN 12299 770 4 was be VBD 12299 770 5 formed form VBN 12299 770 6 early early RB 12299 770 7 in in IN 12299 770 8 the the DT 12299 770 9 season season NN 12299 770 10 , , , 12299 770 11 when when WRB 12299 770 12 growth growth NN 12299 770 13 was be VBD 12299 770 14 comparatively comparatively RB 12299 770 15 rapid rapid JJ 12299 770 16 and and CC 12299 770 17 is be VBZ 12299 770 18 known know VBN 12299 770 19 as as IN 12299 770 20 _ _ NNP 12299 770 21 early early JJ 12299 770 22 wood wood NN 12299 770 23 _ _ NNP 12299 770 24 ( ( -LRB- 12299 770 25 also also RB 12299 770 26 spring spring VB 12299 770 27 wood wood NN 12299 770 28 ) ) -RRB- 12299 770 29 ; ; : 12299 770 30 the the DT 12299 770 31 outer outer JJ 12299 770 32 portion portion NN 12299 770 33 is be VBZ 12299 770 34 the the DT 12299 770 35 _ _ NNP 12299 770 36 late late JJ 12299 770 37 wood wood NN 12299 770 38 _ _ NNP 12299 770 39 , , , 12299 770 40 being be VBG 12299 770 41 produced produce VBN 12299 770 42 in in IN 12299 770 43 the the DT 12299 770 44 summer summer NN 12299 770 45 or or CC 12299 770 46 early early JJ 12299 770 47 fall fall NN 12299 770 48 . . . 12299 771 1 In in IN 12299 771 2 soft soft JJ 12299 771 3 pines pine NNS 12299 771 4 there there EX 12299 771 5 is be VBZ 12299 771 6 not not RB 12299 771 7 much much JJ 12299 771 8 contrast contrast NN 12299 771 9 in in IN 12299 771 10 the the DT 12299 771 11 different different JJ 12299 771 12 parts part NNS 12299 771 13 of of IN 12299 771 14 the the DT 12299 771 15 ring ring NN 12299 771 16 , , , 12299 771 17 and and CC 12299 771 18 as as IN 12299 771 19 a a DT 12299 771 20 result result NN 12299 771 21 the the DT 12299 771 22 wood wood NN 12299 771 23 is be VBZ 12299 771 24 very very RB 12299 771 25 uniform uniform JJ 12299 771 26 in in IN 12299 771 27 texture texture NN 12299 771 28 and and CC 12299 771 29 is be VBZ 12299 771 30 easy easy JJ 12299 771 31 to to TO 12299 771 32 work work VB 12299 771 33 . . . 12299 772 1 In in IN 12299 772 2 hard hard JJ 12299 772 3 pine pine NN 12299 772 4 , , , 12299 772 5 on on IN 12299 772 6 the the DT 12299 772 7 other other JJ 12299 772 8 hand hand NN 12299 772 9 , , , 12299 772 10 the the DT 12299 772 11 late late JJ 12299 772 12 wood wood NN 12299 772 13 is be VBZ 12299 772 14 very very RB 12299 772 15 dense dense JJ 12299 772 16 and and CC 12299 772 17 is be VBZ 12299 772 18 deep deep RB 12299 772 19 - - HYPH 12299 772 20 colored colored JJ 12299 772 21 , , , 12299 772 22 presenting present VBG 12299 772 23 a a DT 12299 772 24 very very RB 12299 772 25 decided decide VBN 12299 772 26 contrast contrast NN 12299 772 27 to to IN 12299 772 28 the the DT 12299 772 29 soft soft JJ 12299 772 30 , , , 12299 772 31 straw straw NN 12299 772 32 - - HYPH 12299 772 33 colored color VBN 12299 772 34 early early JJ 12299 772 35 wood wood NN 12299 772 36 . . . 12299 773 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 773 2 See see VB 12299 773 3 Fig fig NN 12299 773 4 . . . 12299 774 1 23 23 CD 12299 774 2 . . . 12299 774 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 775 1 In in IN 12299 775 2 ring ring JJ 12299 775 3 - - HYPH 12299 775 4 porous porous JJ 12299 775 5 woods wood NNS 12299 775 6 each each DT 12299 775 7 season season NN 12299 775 8 's 's POS 12299 775 9 growth growth NN 12299 775 10 is be VBZ 12299 775 11 always always RB 12299 775 12 well well RB 12299 775 13 defined define VBN 12299 775 14 , , , 12299 775 15 because because IN 12299 775 16 the the DT 12299 775 17 large large JJ 12299 775 18 pores pore NNS 12299 775 19 of of IN 12299 775 20 the the DT 12299 775 21 spring spring NN 12299 775 22 abut abut NNP 12299 775 23 on on IN 12299 775 24 the the DT 12299 775 25 denser denser NN 12299 775 26 tissue tissue NN 12299 775 27 of of IN 12299 775 28 the the DT 12299 775 29 fall fall NN 12299 775 30 before before RB 12299 775 31 . . . 12299 776 1 In in IN 12299 776 2 the the DT 12299 776 3 diffuse diffuse NN 12299 776 4 - - HYPH 12299 776 5 porous porous JJ 12299 776 6 , , , 12299 776 7 the the DT 12299 776 8 demarcation demarcation NN 12299 776 9 between between IN 12299 776 10 rings ring NNS 12299 776 11 is be VBZ 12299 776 12 not not RB 12299 776 13 always always RB 12299 776 14 so so RB 12299 776 15 clear clear JJ 12299 776 16 and and CC 12299 776 17 in in IN 12299 776 18 not not RB 12299 776 19 a a DT 12299 776 20 few few JJ 12299 776 21 cases case NNS 12299 776 22 is be VBZ 12299 776 23 almost almost RB 12299 776 24 , , , 12299 776 25 if if IN 12299 776 26 not not RB 12299 776 27 entirely entirely RB 12299 776 28 , , , 12299 776 29 invisible invisible JJ 12299 776 30 to to IN 12299 776 31 the the DT 12299 776 32 unaided unaided JJ 12299 776 33 eye eye NN 12299 776 34 . . . 12299 777 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 777 2 See see VB 12299 777 3 Fig fig NN 12299 777 4 . . . 12299 778 1 22 22 CD 12299 778 2 . . . 12299 778 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 779 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 779 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 779 3 : : : 12299 779 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 779 5 . . . 12299 780 1 23.--Cross 23.--cross CD 12299 780 2 section section NN 12299 780 3 of of IN 12299 780 4 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 780 5 pine pine NN 12299 780 6 showing show VBG 12299 780 7 several several JJ 12299 780 8 growth growth NN 12299 780 9 rings ring NNS 12299 780 10 with with IN 12299 780 11 variations variation NNS 12299 780 12 in in IN 12299 780 13 the the DT 12299 780 14 width width NN 12299 780 15 of of IN 12299 780 16 the the DT 12299 780 17 dark dark JJ 12299 780 18 - - HYPH 12299 780 19 colored colored JJ 12299 780 20 late late JJ 12299 780 21 wood wood NN 12299 780 22 . . . 12299 781 1 Seven seven CD 12299 781 2 resin resin NN 12299 781 3 ducts duct NNS 12299 781 4 are be VBP 12299 781 5 visible visible JJ 12299 781 6 . . . 12299 782 1 X X NNP 12299 782 2 33 33 CD 12299 782 3 . . . 12299 783 1 _ _ NNP 12299 783 2 Photomicrograph Photomicrograph NNP 12299 783 3 by by IN 12299 783 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 783 5 Forest Forest NNP 12299 783 6 Service Service NNP 12299 783 7 _ _ NNP 12299 783 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 783 9 If if IN 12299 783 10 one one NN 12299 783 11 compares compare VBZ 12299 783 12 a a DT 12299 783 13 heavy heavy JJ 12299 783 14 piece piece NN 12299 783 15 of of IN 12299 783 16 pine pine NN 12299 783 17 with with IN 12299 783 18 a a DT 12299 783 19 light light NN 12299 783 20 specimen speciman NNS 12299 783 21 it -PRON- PRP 12299 783 22 will will MD 12299 783 23 be be VB 12299 783 24 seen see VBN 12299 783 25 at at IN 12299 783 26 once once RB 12299 783 27 that that IN 12299 783 28 the the DT 12299 783 29 heavier heavy JJR 12299 783 30 one one NN 12299 783 31 contains contain VBZ 12299 783 32 a a DT 12299 783 33 larger large JJR 12299 783 34 proportion proportion NN 12299 783 35 of of IN 12299 783 36 late late JJ 12299 783 37 wood wood NN 12299 783 38 than than IN 12299 783 39 the the DT 12299 783 40 other other JJ 12299 783 41 , , , 12299 783 42 and and CC 12299 783 43 is be VBZ 12299 783 44 therefore therefore RB 12299 783 45 considerably considerably RB 12299 783 46 darker dark JJR 12299 783 47 . . . 12299 784 1 The the DT 12299 784 2 late late JJ 12299 784 3 wood wood NN 12299 784 4 of of IN 12299 784 5 all all DT 12299 784 6 species specie NNS 12299 784 7 is be VBZ 12299 784 8 denser dense JJR 12299 784 9 than than IN 12299 784 10 that that DT 12299 784 11 formed form VBN 12299 784 12 early early RB 12299 784 13 in in IN 12299 784 14 the the DT 12299 784 15 season season NN 12299 784 16 , , , 12299 784 17 hence hence RB 12299 784 18 the the DT 12299 784 19 greater great JJR 12299 784 20 the the DT 12299 784 21 proportion proportion NN 12299 784 22 of of IN 12299 784 23 late late JJ 12299 784 24 wood wood NN 12299 784 25 the the DT 12299 784 26 greater great JJR 12299 784 27 the the DT 12299 784 28 density density NN 12299 784 29 and and CC 12299 784 30 strength strength NN 12299 784 31 . . . 12299 785 1 When when WRB 12299 785 2 examined examine VBN 12299 785 3 under under IN 12299 785 4 a a DT 12299 785 5 microscope microscope NN 12299 785 6 the the DT 12299 785 7 cells cell NNS 12299 785 8 of of IN 12299 785 9 the the DT 12299 785 10 late late JJ 12299 785 11 wood wood NN 12299 785 12 are be VBP 12299 785 13 seen see VBN 12299 785 14 to to TO 12299 785 15 be be VB 12299 785 16 very very RB 12299 785 17 thick thick JJ 12299 785 18 - - HYPH 12299 785 19 walled walled JJ 12299 785 20 and and CC 12299 785 21 with with IN 12299 785 22 very very RB 12299 785 23 small small JJ 12299 785 24 cavities cavity NNS 12299 785 25 , , , 12299 785 26 while while IN 12299 785 27 those those DT 12299 785 28 formed form VBN 12299 785 29 first first RB 12299 785 30 in in IN 12299 785 31 the the DT 12299 785 32 season season NN 12299 785 33 have have VBP 12299 785 34 thin thin JJ 12299 785 35 walls wall NNS 12299 785 36 and and CC 12299 785 37 large large JJ 12299 785 38 cavities cavity NNS 12299 785 39 . . . 12299 786 1 The the DT 12299 786 2 strength strength NN 12299 786 3 is be VBZ 12299 786 4 in in IN 12299 786 5 the the DT 12299 786 6 walls wall NNS 12299 786 7 , , , 12299 786 8 not not RB 12299 786 9 the the DT 12299 786 10 cavities cavity NNS 12299 786 11 . . . 12299 787 1 In in IN 12299 787 2 choosing choose VBG 12299 787 3 a a DT 12299 787 4 piece piece NN 12299 787 5 of of IN 12299 787 6 pine pine NN 12299 787 7 where where WRB 12299 787 8 strength strength NN 12299 787 9 or or CC 12299 787 10 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 787 11 is be VBZ 12299 787 12 the the DT 12299 787 13 important important JJ 12299 787 14 consideration consideration NN 12299 787 15 , , , 12299 787 16 the the DT 12299 787 17 principal principal JJ 12299 787 18 thing thing NN 12299 787 19 to to TO 12299 787 20 observe observe VB 12299 787 21 is be VBZ 12299 787 22 the the DT 12299 787 23 comparative comparative JJ 12299 787 24 amounts amount NNS 12299 787 25 of of IN 12299 787 26 early early JJ 12299 787 27 and and CC 12299 787 28 late late JJ 12299 787 29 wood wood NN 12299 787 30 . . . 12299 788 1 The the DT 12299 788 2 width width NN 12299 788 3 of of IN 12299 788 4 ring ring NN 12299 788 5 , , , 12299 788 6 that that RB 12299 788 7 is is RB 12299 788 8 , , , 12299 788 9 the the DT 12299 788 10 number number NN 12299 788 11 per per IN 12299 788 12 inch inch NN 12299 788 13 , , , 12299 788 14 is be VBZ 12299 788 15 not not RB 12299 788 16 nearly nearly RB 12299 788 17 so so RB 12299 788 18 important important JJ 12299 788 19 as as IN 12299 788 20 the the DT 12299 788 21 proportion proportion NN 12299 788 22 of of IN 12299 788 23 the the DT 12299 788 24 late late JJ 12299 788 25 wood wood NN 12299 788 26 in in IN 12299 788 27 the the DT 12299 788 28 ring ring NN 12299 788 29 . . . 12299 789 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 789 2 is be VBZ 12299 789 3 not not RB 12299 789 4 only only RB 12299 789 5 the the DT 12299 789 6 proportion proportion NN 12299 789 7 of of IN 12299 789 8 late late JJ 12299 789 9 wood wood NN 12299 789 10 , , , 12299 789 11 but but CC 12299 789 12 also also RB 12299 789 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 789 14 quality quality NN 12299 789 15 , , , 12299 789 16 that that WDT 12299 789 17 counts count VBZ 12299 789 18 . . . 12299 790 1 In in IN 12299 790 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 790 3 that that WDT 12299 790 4 show show VBP 12299 790 5 a a DT 12299 790 6 very very RB 12299 790 7 large large JJ 12299 790 8 proportion proportion NN 12299 790 9 of of IN 12299 790 10 late late JJ 12299 790 11 wood wood NN 12299 790 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 790 13 may may MD 12299 790 14 be be VB 12299 790 15 noticeably noticeably RB 12299 790 16 more more RBR 12299 790 17 porous porous JJ 12299 790 18 and and CC 12299 790 19 weigh weigh VBP 12299 790 20 considerably considerably RB 12299 790 21 less less JJR 12299 790 22 than than IN 12299 790 23 the the DT 12299 790 24 late late JJ 12299 790 25 wood wood NN 12299 790 26 in in IN 12299 790 27 pieces piece NNS 12299 790 28 that that WDT 12299 790 29 contain contain VBP 12299 790 30 but but CC 12299 790 31 little little JJ 12299 790 32 . . . 12299 791 1 One one PRP 12299 791 2 can can MD 12299 791 3 judge judge VB 12299 791 4 comparative comparative JJ 12299 791 5 density density NN 12299 791 6 , , , 12299 791 7 and and CC 12299 791 8 therefore therefore RB 12299 791 9 to to IN 12299 791 10 some some DT 12299 791 11 extent extent NN 12299 791 12 weight weight NN 12299 791 13 and and CC 12299 791 14 strength strength NN 12299 791 15 , , , 12299 791 16 by by IN 12299 791 17 visual visual JJ 12299 791 18 inspection inspection NN 12299 791 19 . . . 12299 792 1 The the DT 12299 792 2 conclusions conclusion NNS 12299 792 3 of of IN 12299 792 4 the the DT 12299 792 5 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 792 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 792 7 Service Service NNP 12299 792 8 regarding regard VBG 12299 792 9 the the DT 12299 792 10 effect effect NN 12299 792 11 of of IN 12299 792 12 rate rate NN 12299 792 13 of of IN 12299 792 14 growth growth NN 12299 792 15 on on IN 12299 792 16 the the DT 12299 792 17 properties property NNS 12299 792 18 of of IN 12299 792 19 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 792 20 fir fir NN 12299 792 21 are be VBP 12299 792 22 summarized summarize VBN 12299 792 23 as as IN 12299 792 24 follows follow VBZ 12299 792 25 : : : 12299 792 26 " " `` 12299 792 27 1 1 CD 12299 792 28 . . . 12299 793 1 In in IN 12299 793 2 general general JJ 12299 793 3 , , , 12299 793 4 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 793 5 grown grow VBD 12299 793 6 wood wood NN 12299 793 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 793 8 less less JJR 12299 793 9 than than IN 12299 793 10 eight eight CD 12299 793 11 rings ring NNS 12299 793 12 per per IN 12299 793 13 inch inch NN 12299 793 14 ) ) -RRB- 12299 793 15 is be VBZ 12299 793 16 relatively relatively RB 12299 793 17 weak weak JJ 12299 793 18 . . . 12299 794 1 A a DT 12299 794 2 study study NN 12299 794 3 of of IN 12299 794 4 the the DT 12299 794 5 individual individual JJ 12299 794 6 tests test NNS 12299 794 7 upon upon IN 12299 794 8 which which WDT 12299 794 9 the the DT 12299 794 10 average average JJ 12299 794 11 points point NNS 12299 794 12 are be VBP 12299 794 13 based base VBN 12299 794 14 shows show NNS 12299 794 15 , , , 12299 794 16 however however RB 12299 794 17 , , , 12299 794 18 that that IN 12299 794 19 when when WRB 12299 794 20 it -PRON- PRP 12299 794 21 is be VBZ 12299 794 22 not not RB 12299 794 23 associated associate VBN 12299 794 24 with with IN 12299 794 25 light light JJ 12299 794 26 weight weight NN 12299 794 27 and and CC 12299 794 28 a a DT 12299 794 29 small small JJ 12299 794 30 proportion proportion NN 12299 794 31 of of IN 12299 794 32 summer summer NN 12299 794 33 wood wood NN 12299 794 34 , , , 12299 794 35 rapid rapid JJ 12299 794 36 growth growth NN 12299 794 37 is be VBZ 12299 794 38 not not RB 12299 794 39 indicative indicative JJ 12299 794 40 of of IN 12299 794 41 weak weak JJ 12299 794 42 wood wood NN 12299 794 43 . . . 12299 795 1 " " `` 12299 795 2 2 2 CD 12299 795 3 . . . 12299 796 1 An an DT 12299 796 2 average average JJ 12299 796 3 rate rate NN 12299 796 4 of of IN 12299 796 5 growth growth NN 12299 796 6 , , , 12299 796 7 indicated indicate VBN 12299 796 8 by by IN 12299 796 9 from from IN 12299 796 10 12 12 CD 12299 796 11 to to TO 12299 796 12 16 16 CD 12299 796 13 rings ring NNS 12299 796 14 per per IN 12299 796 15 inch inch NN 12299 796 16 , , , 12299 796 17 seems seem VBZ 12299 796 18 to to TO 12299 796 19 produce produce VB 12299 796 20 the the DT 12299 796 21 best good JJS 12299 796 22 material material NN 12299 796 23 . . . 12299 797 1 " " `` 12299 797 2 3 3 CD 12299 797 3 . . . 12299 798 1 In in IN 12299 798 2 rates rate NNS 12299 798 3 of of IN 12299 798 4 growths growth NNS 12299 798 5 lower low JJR 12299 798 6 than than IN 12299 798 7 16 16 CD 12299 798 8 rings ring NNS 12299 798 9 per per IN 12299 798 10 inch inch NN 12299 798 11 , , , 12299 798 12 the the DT 12299 798 13 average average JJ 12299 798 14 strength strength NN 12299 798 15 of of IN 12299 798 16 the the DT 12299 798 17 material material NN 12299 798 18 decreases decrease NNS 12299 798 19 , , , 12299 798 20 apparently apparently RB 12299 798 21 approaching approach VBG 12299 798 22 a a DT 12299 798 23 uniform uniform JJ 12299 798 24 condition condition NN 12299 798 25 above above IN 12299 798 26 24 24 CD 12299 798 27 rings ring NNS 12299 798 28 per per IN 12299 798 29 inch inch NN 12299 798 30 . . . 12299 799 1 In in IN 12299 799 2 such such JJ 12299 799 3 slow slow JJ 12299 799 4 rates rate NNS 12299 799 5 of of IN 12299 799 6 growth growth NN 12299 799 7 the the DT 12299 799 8 texture texture NN 12299 799 9 of of IN 12299 799 10 the the DT 12299 799 11 wood wood NN 12299 799 12 is be VBZ 12299 799 13 very very RB 12299 799 14 uniform uniform JJ 12299 799 15 , , , 12299 799 16 and and CC 12299 799 17 naturally naturally RB 12299 799 18 there there EX 12299 799 19 is be VBZ 12299 799 20 little little JJ 12299 799 21 variation variation NN 12299 799 22 in in IN 12299 799 23 weight weight NN 12299 799 24 or or CC 12299 799 25 strength strength NN 12299 799 26 . . . 12299 800 1 " " `` 12299 800 2 An an DT 12299 800 3 analysis analysis NN 12299 800 4 of of IN 12299 800 5 tests test NNS 12299 800 6 on on IN 12299 800 7 large large JJ 12299 800 8 beams beam NNS 12299 800 9 was be VBD 12299 800 10 made make VBN 12299 800 11 to to TO 12299 800 12 ascertain ascertain VB 12299 800 13 if if IN 12299 800 14 average average JJ 12299 800 15 rate rate NN 12299 800 16 of of IN 12299 800 17 growth growth NN 12299 800 18 has have VBZ 12299 800 19 any any DT 12299 800 20 relation relation NN 12299 800 21 to to IN 12299 800 22 the the DT 12299 800 23 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 800 24 properties property NNS 12299 800 25 of of IN 12299 800 26 the the DT 12299 800 27 beams beam NNS 12299 800 28 . . . 12299 801 1 The the DT 12299 801 2 analysis analysis NN 12299 801 3 indicated indicate VBD 12299 801 4 conclusively conclusively RB 12299 801 5 that that IN 12299 801 6 there there EX 12299 801 7 was be VBD 12299 801 8 no no DT 12299 801 9 such such JJ 12299 801 10 relation relation NN 12299 801 11 . . . 12299 802 1 Average average JJ 12299 802 2 rate rate NN 12299 802 3 of of IN 12299 802 4 growth growth NN 12299 802 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 802 6 without without IN 12299 802 7 consideration consideration NN 12299 802 8 also also RB 12299 802 9 of of IN 12299 802 10 density density NN 12299 802 11 ] ] -RRB- 12299 802 12 , , , 12299 802 13 therefore therefore RB 12299 802 14 , , , 12299 802 15 has have VBZ 12299 802 16 little little JJ 12299 802 17 significance significance NN 12299 802 18 in in IN 12299 802 19 grading grade VBG 12299 802 20 structural structural JJ 12299 802 21 timber timber NN 12299 802 22 . . . 12299 803 1 " " `` 12299 803 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 803 3 18 18 CD 12299 803 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 803 5 This this DT 12299 803 6 is be VBZ 12299 803 7 because because IN 12299 803 8 of of IN 12299 803 9 the the DT 12299 803 10 wide wide JJ 12299 803 11 variation variation NN 12299 803 12 in in IN 12299 803 13 the the DT 12299 803 14 percentage percentage NN 12299 803 15 of of IN 12299 803 16 late late JJ 12299 803 17 wood wood NN 12299 803 18 in in IN 12299 803 19 different different JJ 12299 803 20 parts part NNS 12299 803 21 of of IN 12299 803 22 the the DT 12299 803 23 cross cross NN 12299 803 24 section section NN 12299 803 25 . . . 12299 804 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 804 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 804 3 18 18 CD 12299 804 4 : : : 12299 804 5 Bul Bul NNP 12299 804 6 . . . 12299 805 1 88 88 CD 12299 805 2 : : : 12299 805 3 Properties property NNS 12299 805 4 and and CC 12299 805 5 uses use NNS 12299 805 6 of of IN 12299 805 7 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 805 8 fir fir NN 12299 805 9 , , , 12299 805 10 p. p. NN 12299 806 1 29 29 CD 12299 806 2 . . . 12299 806 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 807 1 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 807 2 seem seem VBP 12299 807 3 to to TO 12299 807 4 indicate indicate VB 12299 807 5 that that IN 12299 807 6 for for IN 12299 807 7 most most JJS 12299 807 8 species specie NNS 12299 807 9 there there EX 12299 807 10 is be VBZ 12299 807 11 a a DT 12299 807 12 rate rate NN 12299 807 13 of of IN 12299 807 14 growth growth NN 12299 807 15 which which WDT 12299 807 16 , , , 12299 807 17 in in IN 12299 807 18 general general JJ 12299 807 19 , , , 12299 807 20 is be VBZ 12299 807 21 associated associate VBN 12299 807 22 with with IN 12299 807 23 the the DT 12299 807 24 greatest great JJS 12299 807 25 strength strength NN 12299 807 26 , , , 12299 807 27 especially especially RB 12299 807 28 in in IN 12299 807 29 small small JJ 12299 807 30 specimens specimen NNS 12299 807 31 . . . 12299 808 1 For for IN 12299 808 2 eight eight CD 12299 808 3 conifers conifer NNS 12299 808 4 it -PRON- PRP 12299 808 5 is be VBZ 12299 808 6 as as IN 12299 808 7 follows:[19 follows:[19 ADD 12299 808 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 808 9 [ [ -LRB- 12299 808 10 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 808 11 19 19 CD 12299 808 12 : : : 12299 808 13 Bul Bul NNP 12299 808 14 . . . 12299 809 1 108 108 CD 12299 809 2 , , , 12299 809 3 U. U. NNP 12299 809 4 S. S. NNP 12299 809 5 Forest Forest NNP 12299 809 6 Service Service NNP 12299 809 7 : : : 12299 809 8 Tests test NNS 12299 809 9 of of IN 12299 809 10 structural structural JJ 12299 809 11 timbers timber NNS 12299 809 12 , , , 12299 809 13 p. p. NN 12299 810 1 37 37 CD 12299 810 2 . . . 12299 810 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 811 1 Rings ring NNS 12299 811 2 per per IN 12299 811 3 inch inch NN 12299 811 4 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 811 5 fir fir NN 12299 811 6 24 24 CD 12299 811 7 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 811 8 pine pine NN 12299 811 9 12 12 CD 12299 811 10 Loblolly loblolly RB 12299 811 11 pine pine JJ 12299 811 12 6 6 CD 12299 811 13 Western western JJ 12299 811 14 larch larch NN 12299 811 15 18 18 CD 12299 811 16 Western western JJ 12299 811 17 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 811 18 14 14 CD 12299 811 19 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 811 20 20 20 CD 12299 811 21 Norway Norway NNP 12299 811 22 pine pine VBP 12299 811 23 18 18 CD 12299 811 24 Redwood redwood NN 12299 811 25 30 30 CD 12299 811 26 No no DT 12299 811 27 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 12299 811 28 explanation explanation NN 12299 811 29 can can MD 12299 811 30 as as RB 12299 811 31 yet yet RB 12299 811 32 be be VB 12299 811 33 given give VBN 12299 811 34 for for IN 12299 811 35 the the DT 12299 811 36 real real JJ 12299 811 37 causes cause NNS 12299 811 38 underlying underlie VBG 12299 811 39 the the DT 12299 811 40 formation formation NN 12299 811 41 of of IN 12299 811 42 early early JJ 12299 811 43 and and CC 12299 811 44 late late JJ 12299 811 45 wood wood NN 12299 811 46 . . . 12299 812 1 Several several JJ 12299 812 2 factors factor NNS 12299 812 3 may may MD 12299 812 4 be be VB 12299 812 5 involved involve VBN 12299 812 6 . . . 12299 813 1 In in IN 12299 813 2 conifers conifer NNS 12299 813 3 , , , 12299 813 4 at at IN 12299 813 5 least least JJS 12299 813 6 , , , 12299 813 7 rate rate NN 12299 813 8 of of IN 12299 813 9 growth growth NN 12299 813 10 alone alone RB 12299 813 11 does do VBZ 12299 813 12 not not RB 12299 813 13 determine determine VB 12299 813 14 the the DT 12299 813 15 proportion proportion NN 12299 813 16 of of IN 12299 813 17 the the DT 12299 813 18 two two CD 12299 813 19 portions portion NNS 12299 813 20 of of IN 12299 813 21 the the DT 12299 813 22 ring ring NN 12299 813 23 , , , 12299 813 24 for for IN 12299 813 25 in in IN 12299 813 26 some some DT 12299 813 27 cases case NNS 12299 813 28 the the DT 12299 813 29 wood wood NN 12299 813 30 of of IN 12299 813 31 slow slow JJ 12299 813 32 growth growth NN 12299 813 33 is be VBZ 12299 813 34 very very RB 12299 813 35 hard hard JJ 12299 813 36 and and CC 12299 813 37 heavy heavy JJ 12299 813 38 , , , 12299 813 39 while while IN 12299 813 40 in in IN 12299 813 41 others other NNS 12299 813 42 the the DT 12299 813 43 opposite opposite NN 12299 813 44 is be VBZ 12299 813 45 true true JJ 12299 813 46 . . . 12299 814 1 The the DT 12299 814 2 quality quality NN 12299 814 3 of of IN 12299 814 4 the the DT 12299 814 5 site site NN 12299 814 6 where where WRB 12299 814 7 the the DT 12299 814 8 tree tree NN 12299 814 9 grows grow VBZ 12299 814 10 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 12299 814 11 affects affect VBZ 12299 814 12 the the DT 12299 814 13 character character NN 12299 814 14 of of IN 12299 814 15 the the DT 12299 814 16 wood wood NN 12299 814 17 formed form VBN 12299 814 18 , , , 12299 814 19 though though IN 12299 814 20 it -PRON- PRP 12299 814 21 is be VBZ 12299 814 22 not not RB 12299 814 23 possible possible JJ 12299 814 24 to to TO 12299 814 25 formulate formulate VB 12299 814 26 a a DT 12299 814 27 rule rule NN 12299 814 28 governing govern VBG 12299 814 29 it -PRON- PRP 12299 814 30 . . . 12299 815 1 In in IN 12299 815 2 general general JJ 12299 815 3 , , , 12299 815 4 however however RB 12299 815 5 , , , 12299 815 6 it -PRON- PRP 12299 815 7 may may MD 12299 815 8 be be VB 12299 815 9 said say VBN 12299 815 10 that that IN 12299 815 11 where where WRB 12299 815 12 strength strength NN 12299 815 13 or or CC 12299 815 14 ease ease NN 12299 815 15 of of IN 12299 815 16 working work VBG 12299 815 17 is be VBZ 12299 815 18 essential essential JJ 12299 815 19 , , , 12299 815 20 woods wood NNS 12299 815 21 of of IN 12299 815 22 moderate moderate JJ 12299 815 23 to to TO 12299 815 24 slow slow VB 12299 815 25 growth growth NN 12299 815 26 should should MD 12299 815 27 be be VB 12299 815 28 chosen choose VBN 12299 815 29 . . . 12299 816 1 But but CC 12299 816 2 in in IN 12299 816 3 choosing choose VBG 12299 816 4 a a DT 12299 816 5 particular particular JJ 12299 816 6 specimen speciman NNS 12299 816 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 816 8 is be VBZ 12299 816 9 not not RB 12299 816 10 the the DT 12299 816 11 width width NN 12299 816 12 of of IN 12299 816 13 ring ring NN 12299 816 14 , , , 12299 816 15 but but CC 12299 816 16 the the DT 12299 816 17 proportion proportion NN 12299 816 18 and and CC 12299 816 19 character character NN 12299 816 20 of of IN 12299 816 21 the the DT 12299 816 22 late late JJ 12299 816 23 wood wood NN 12299 816 24 which which WDT 12299 816 25 should should MD 12299 816 26 govern govern VB 12299 816 27 . . . 12299 817 1 In in IN 12299 817 2 the the DT 12299 817 3 case case NN 12299 817 4 of of IN 12299 817 5 the the DT 12299 817 6 ring ring NN 12299 817 7 - - HYPH 12299 817 8 porous porous JJ 12299 817 9 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 817 10 there there EX 12299 817 11 seems seem VBZ 12299 817 12 to to TO 12299 817 13 exist exist VB 12299 817 14 a a DT 12299 817 15 pretty pretty RB 12299 817 16 definite definite JJ 12299 817 17 relation relation NN 12299 817 18 between between IN 12299 817 19 the the DT 12299 817 20 rate rate NN 12299 817 21 of of IN 12299 817 22 growth growth NN 12299 817 23 of of IN 12299 817 24 timber timber NN 12299 817 25 and and CC 12299 817 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 817 27 properties property NNS 12299 817 28 . . . 12299 818 1 This this DT 12299 818 2 may may MD 12299 818 3 be be VB 12299 818 4 briefly briefly RB 12299 818 5 summed sum VBN 12299 818 6 up up RP 12299 818 7 in in IN 12299 818 8 the the DT 12299 818 9 general general JJ 12299 818 10 statement statement NN 12299 818 11 that that IN 12299 818 12 the the DT 12299 818 13 more more RBR 12299 818 14 rapid rapid JJ 12299 818 15 the the DT 12299 818 16 growth growth NN 12299 818 17 or or CC 12299 818 18 the the DT 12299 818 19 wider wide JJR 12299 818 20 the the DT 12299 818 21 rings ring NNS 12299 818 22 of of IN 12299 818 23 growth growth NN 12299 818 24 , , , 12299 818 25 the the DT 12299 818 26 heavier heavy JJR 12299 818 27 , , , 12299 818 28 harder hard RBR 12299 818 29 , , , 12299 818 30 stronger strong JJR 12299 818 31 , , , 12299 818 32 and and CC 12299 818 33 stiffer stiffer VB 12299 818 34 the the DT 12299 818 35 wood wood NN 12299 818 36 . . . 12299 819 1 This this DT 12299 819 2 , , , 12299 819 3 it -PRON- PRP 12299 819 4 must must MD 12299 819 5 be be VB 12299 819 6 remembered remember VBN 12299 819 7 , , , 12299 819 8 applies apply VBZ 12299 819 9 only only RB 12299 819 10 to to IN 12299 819 11 ring ring VB 12299 819 12 - - HYPH 12299 819 13 porous porous JJ 12299 819 14 woods wood NNS 12299 819 15 such such JJ 12299 819 16 as as IN 12299 819 17 oak oak NN 12299 819 18 , , , 12299 819 19 ash ash NN 12299 819 20 , , , 12299 819 21 hickory hickory NN 12299 819 22 , , , 12299 819 23 and and CC 12299 819 24 others other NNS 12299 819 25 of of IN 12299 819 26 the the DT 12299 819 27 same same JJ 12299 819 28 group group NN 12299 819 29 , , , 12299 819 30 and and CC 12299 819 31 is be VBZ 12299 819 32 , , , 12299 819 33 of of IN 12299 819 34 course course NN 12299 819 35 , , , 12299 819 36 subject subject JJ 12299 819 37 to to IN 12299 819 38 some some DT 12299 819 39 exceptions exception NNS 12299 819 40 and and CC 12299 819 41 limitations limitation NNS 12299 819 42 . . . 12299 820 1 In in IN 12299 820 2 ring ring JJ 12299 820 3 - - HYPH 12299 820 4 porous porous JJ 12299 820 5 woods wood NNS 12299 820 6 of of IN 12299 820 7 good good JJ 12299 820 8 growth growth NN 12299 820 9 it -PRON- PRP 12299 820 10 is be VBZ 12299 820 11 usually usually RB 12299 820 12 the the DT 12299 820 13 middle middle JJ 12299 820 14 portion portion NN 12299 820 15 of of IN 12299 820 16 the the DT 12299 820 17 ring ring NN 12299 820 18 in in IN 12299 820 19 which which WDT 12299 820 20 the the DT 12299 820 21 thick thick JJ 12299 820 22 - - HYPH 12299 820 23 walled walled JJ 12299 820 24 , , , 12299 820 25 strength strength NN 12299 820 26 - - HYPH 12299 820 27 giving give VBG 12299 820 28 fibres fibre NNS 12299 820 29 are be VBP 12299 820 30 most most RBS 12299 820 31 abundant abundant JJ 12299 820 32 . . . 12299 821 1 As as IN 12299 821 2 the the DT 12299 821 3 breadth breadth NN 12299 821 4 of of IN 12299 821 5 ring ring NN 12299 821 6 diminishes diminishe NNS 12299 821 7 , , , 12299 821 8 this this DT 12299 821 9 middle middle JJ 12299 821 10 portion portion NN 12299 821 11 is be VBZ 12299 821 12 reduced reduce VBN 12299 821 13 so so IN 12299 821 14 that that DT 12299 821 15 very very RB 12299 821 16 slow slow JJ 12299 821 17 growth growth NN 12299 821 18 produces produce VBZ 12299 821 19 comparatively comparatively RB 12299 821 20 light light JJ 12299 821 21 , , , 12299 821 22 porous porous JJ 12299 821 23 wood wood NN 12299 821 24 composed compose VBN 12299 821 25 of of IN 12299 821 26 thin thin JJ 12299 821 27 - - HYPH 12299 821 28 walled walled JJ 12299 821 29 vessels vessel NNS 12299 821 30 and and CC 12299 821 31 wood wood NN 12299 821 32 parenchyma parenchyma NN 12299 821 33 . . . 12299 822 1 In in IN 12299 822 2 good good JJ 12299 822 3 oak oak NN 12299 822 4 these these DT 12299 822 5 large large JJ 12299 822 6 vessels vessel NNS 12299 822 7 of of IN 12299 822 8 the the DT 12299 822 9 early early JJ 12299 822 10 wood wood NN 12299 822 11 occupy occupy NN 12299 822 12 from from IN 12299 822 13 6 6 CD 12299 822 14 to to TO 12299 822 15 10 10 CD 12299 822 16 per per NN 12299 822 17 cent cent NN 12299 822 18 of of IN 12299 822 19 the the DT 12299 822 20 volume volume NN 12299 822 21 of of IN 12299 822 22 the the DT 12299 822 23 log log NN 12299 822 24 , , , 12299 822 25 while while IN 12299 822 26 in in IN 12299 822 27 inferior inferior JJ 12299 822 28 material material NN 12299 822 29 they -PRON- PRP 12299 822 30 may may MD 12299 822 31 make make VB 12299 822 32 up up RP 12299 822 33 25 25 CD 12299 822 34 per per IN 12299 822 35 cent cent NN 12299 822 36 or or CC 12299 822 37 more more JJR 12299 822 38 . . . 12299 823 1 The the DT 12299 823 2 late late JJ 12299 823 3 wood wood NN 12299 823 4 of of IN 12299 823 5 good good JJ 12299 823 6 oak oak NN 12299 823 7 , , , 12299 823 8 except except IN 12299 823 9 for for IN 12299 823 10 radial radial JJ 12299 823 11 grayish grayish NN 12299 823 12 patches patch NNS 12299 823 13 of of IN 12299 823 14 small small JJ 12299 823 15 pores pore NNS 12299 823 16 , , , 12299 823 17 is be VBZ 12299 823 18 dark dark JJ 12299 823 19 colored colored JJ 12299 823 20 and and CC 12299 823 21 firm firm JJ 12299 823 22 , , , 12299 823 23 and and CC 12299 823 24 consists consist VBZ 12299 823 25 of of IN 12299 823 26 thick thick JJ 12299 823 27 - - HYPH 12299 823 28 walled walled JJ 12299 823 29 fibres fibre NNS 12299 823 30 which which WDT 12299 823 31 form form VBP 12299 823 32 one one CD 12299 823 33 - - HYPH 12299 823 34 half half NN 12299 823 35 or or CC 12299 823 36 more more JJR 12299 823 37 of of IN 12299 823 38 the the DT 12299 823 39 wood wood NN 12299 823 40 . . . 12299 824 1 In in IN 12299 824 2 inferior inferior JJ 12299 824 3 oak oak NN 12299 824 4 , , , 12299 824 5 such such JJ 12299 824 6 fibre fibre NN 12299 824 7 areas area NNS 12299 824 8 are be VBP 12299 824 9 much much RB 12299 824 10 reduced reduce VBN 12299 824 11 both both CC 12299 824 12 in in IN 12299 824 13 quantity quantity NN 12299 824 14 and and CC 12299 824 15 quality quality NN 12299 824 16 . . . 12299 825 1 Such such JJ 12299 825 2 variation variation NN 12299 825 3 is be VBZ 12299 825 4 very very RB 12299 825 5 largely largely RB 12299 825 6 the the DT 12299 825 7 result result NN 12299 825 8 of of IN 12299 825 9 rate rate NN 12299 825 10 of of IN 12299 825 11 growth growth NN 12299 825 12 . . . 12299 826 1 Wide wide RB 12299 826 2 - - HYPH 12299 826 3 ringed ring VBN 12299 826 4 wood wood NN 12299 826 5 is be VBZ 12299 826 6 often often RB 12299 826 7 called call VBN 12299 826 8 " " `` 12299 826 9 second second JJ 12299 826 10 - - HYPH 12299 826 11 growth growth NN 12299 826 12 , , , 12299 826 13 " " '' 12299 826 14 because because IN 12299 826 15 the the DT 12299 826 16 growth growth NN 12299 826 17 of of IN 12299 826 18 the the DT 12299 826 19 young young JJ 12299 826 20 timber timber NN 12299 826 21 in in IN 12299 826 22 open open JJ 12299 826 23 stands stand NNS 12299 826 24 after after IN 12299 826 25 the the DT 12299 826 26 old old JJ 12299 826 27 trees tree NNS 12299 826 28 have have VBP 12299 826 29 been be VBN 12299 826 30 removed remove VBN 12299 826 31 is be VBZ 12299 826 32 more more RBR 12299 826 33 rapid rapid JJ 12299 826 34 than than IN 12299 826 35 in in IN 12299 826 36 trees tree NNS 12299 826 37 in in IN 12299 826 38 the the DT 12299 826 39 forest forest NN 12299 826 40 , , , 12299 826 41 and and CC 12299 826 42 in in IN 12299 826 43 the the DT 12299 826 44 manufacture manufacture NN 12299 826 45 of of IN 12299 826 46 articles article NNS 12299 826 47 where where WRB 12299 826 48 strength strength NN 12299 826 49 is be VBZ 12299 826 50 an an DT 12299 826 51 important important JJ 12299 826 52 consideration consideration NN 12299 826 53 such such JJ 12299 826 54 " " `` 12299 826 55 second second JJ 12299 826 56 - - HYPH 12299 826 57 growth growth NN 12299 826 58 " " `` 12299 826 59 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 826 60 material material NN 12299 826 61 is be VBZ 12299 826 62 preferred prefer VBN 12299 826 63 . . . 12299 827 1 This this DT 12299 827 2 is be VBZ 12299 827 3 particularly particularly RB 12299 827 4 the the DT 12299 827 5 case case NN 12299 827 6 in in IN 12299 827 7 the the DT 12299 827 8 choice choice NN 12299 827 9 of of IN 12299 827 10 hickory hickory NN 12299 827 11 for for IN 12299 827 12 handles handle NNS 12299 827 13 and and CC 12299 827 14 spokes spoke NNS 12299 827 15 . . . 12299 828 1 Here here RB 12299 828 2 not not RB 12299 828 3 only only RB 12299 828 4 strength strength NN 12299 828 5 , , , 12299 828 6 but but CC 12299 828 7 toughness toughness NN 12299 828 8 and and CC 12299 828 9 resilience resilience NN 12299 828 10 are be VBP 12299 828 11 important important JJ 12299 828 12 . . . 12299 829 1 The the DT 12299 829 2 results result NNS 12299 829 3 of of IN 12299 829 4 a a DT 12299 829 5 series series NN 12299 829 6 of of IN 12299 829 7 tests test NNS 12299 829 8 on on IN 12299 829 9 hickory hickory NN 12299 829 10 by by IN 12299 829 11 the the DT 12299 829 12 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 829 13 Forest Forest NNP 12299 829 14 Service Service NNP 12299 829 15 show show VBP 12299 829 16 that that IN 12299 829 17 " " `` 12299 829 18 the the DT 12299 829 19 work work NN 12299 829 20 or or CC 12299 829 21 shock shock NN 12299 829 22 - - HYPH 12299 829 23 resisting resist VBG 12299 829 24 ability ability NN 12299 829 25 is be VBZ 12299 829 26 greatest great JJS 12299 829 27 in in IN 12299 829 28 wide wide RB 12299 829 29 - - HYPH 12299 829 30 ringed ring VBN 12299 829 31 wood wood NN 12299 829 32 that that WDT 12299 829 33 has have VBZ 12299 829 34 from from IN 12299 829 35 5 5 CD 12299 829 36 to to TO 12299 829 37 14 14 CD 12299 829 38 rings ring NNS 12299 829 39 per per IN 12299 829 40 inch inch NN 12299 829 41 , , , 12299 829 42 is be VBZ 12299 829 43 fairly fairly RB 12299 829 44 constant constant JJ 12299 829 45 from from IN 12299 829 46 14 14 CD 12299 829 47 to to TO 12299 829 48 38 38 CD 12299 829 49 rings ring NNS 12299 829 50 , , , 12299 829 51 and and CC 12299 829 52 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 829 53 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 829 54 from from IN 12299 829 55 38 38 CD 12299 829 56 to to TO 12299 829 57 47 47 CD 12299 829 58 rings ring NNS 12299 829 59 . . . 12299 830 1 The the DT 12299 830 2 strength strength NN 12299 830 3 at at IN 12299 830 4 maximum maximum JJ 12299 830 5 load load NN 12299 830 6 is be VBZ 12299 830 7 not not RB 12299 830 8 so so RB 12299 830 9 great great JJ 12299 830 10 with with IN 12299 830 11 the the DT 12299 830 12 most most RBS 12299 830 13 rapid rapid RB 12299 830 14 - - HYPH 12299 830 15 growing grow VBG 12299 830 16 wood wood NN 12299 830 17 ; ; : 12299 830 18 it -PRON- PRP 12299 830 19 is be VBZ 12299 830 20 maximum maximum JJ 12299 830 21 with with IN 12299 830 22 from from IN 12299 830 23 14 14 CD 12299 830 24 to to TO 12299 830 25 20 20 CD 12299 830 26 rings ring NNS 12299 830 27 per per IN 12299 830 28 inch inch NN 12299 830 29 , , , 12299 830 30 and and CC 12299 830 31 again again RB 12299 830 32 becomes become VBZ 12299 830 33 less less JJR 12299 830 34 as as IN 12299 830 35 the the DT 12299 830 36 wood wood NN 12299 830 37 becomes become VBZ 12299 830 38 more more RBR 12299 830 39 closely closely RB 12299 830 40 ringed ring VBN 12299 830 41 . . . 12299 831 1 The the DT 12299 831 2 natural natural JJ 12299 831 3 deduction deduction NN 12299 831 4 is be VBZ 12299 831 5 that that IN 12299 831 6 wood wood NN 12299 831 7 of of IN 12299 831 8 first first JJ 12299 831 9 - - HYPH 12299 831 10 class class NN 12299 831 11 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 831 12 value value NN 12299 831 13 shows show VBZ 12299 831 14 from from IN 12299 831 15 5 5 CD 12299 831 16 to to TO 12299 831 17 20 20 CD 12299 831 18 rings ring NNS 12299 831 19 per per IN 12299 831 20 inch inch NN 12299 831 21 and and CC 12299 831 22 that that IN 12299 831 23 slower slow JJR 12299 831 24 growth growth NN 12299 831 25 yields yield NNS 12299 831 26 poorer poor JJR 12299 831 27 stock stock NN 12299 831 28 . . . 12299 832 1 Thus thus RB 12299 832 2 the the DT 12299 832 3 inspector inspector NN 12299 832 4 or or CC 12299 832 5 buyer buyer NN 12299 832 6 of of IN 12299 832 7 hickory hickory NN 12299 832 8 should should MD 12299 832 9 discriminate discriminate VB 12299 832 10 against against IN 12299 832 11 timber timber NN 12299 832 12 that that WDT 12299 832 13 has have VBZ 12299 832 14 more more JJR 12299 832 15 than than IN 12299 832 16 20 20 CD 12299 832 17 rings ring NNS 12299 832 18 per per IN 12299 832 19 inch inch NN 12299 832 20 . . . 12299 833 1 Exceptions exception NNS 12299 833 2 exist exist VBP 12299 833 3 , , , 12299 833 4 however however RB 12299 833 5 , , , 12299 833 6 in in IN 12299 833 7 the the DT 12299 833 8 case case NN 12299 833 9 of of IN 12299 833 10 normal normal JJ 12299 833 11 growth growth NN 12299 833 12 upon upon IN 12299 833 13 dry dry JJ 12299 833 14 situations situation NNS 12299 833 15 , , , 12299 833 16 in in IN 12299 833 17 which which WDT 12299 833 18 the the DT 12299 833 19 slow slow RB 12299 833 20 - - HYPH 12299 833 21 growing grow VBG 12299 833 22 material material NN 12299 833 23 may may MD 12299 833 24 be be VB 12299 833 25 strong strong JJ 12299 833 26 and and CC 12299 833 27 tough tough JJ 12299 833 28 . . . 12299 834 1 " " `` 12299 834 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 834 3 20 20 CD 12299 834 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 834 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 834 6 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 834 7 20 20 CD 12299 834 8 : : : 12299 834 9 Bul Bul NNP 12299 834 10 . . . 12299 835 1 80 80 CD 12299 835 2 : : : 12299 835 3 The the DT 12299 835 4 commercial commercial JJ 12299 835 5 hickories hickory NNS 12299 835 6 , , , 12299 835 7 pp pp NNP 12299 835 8 . . . 12299 836 1 48 48 CD 12299 836 2 - - SYM 12299 836 3 50 50 CD 12299 836 4 . . . 12299 836 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 837 1 The the DT 12299 837 2 effect effect NN 12299 837 3 of of IN 12299 837 4 rate rate NN 12299 837 5 of of IN 12299 837 6 growth growth NN 12299 837 7 on on IN 12299 837 8 the the DT 12299 837 9 qualities quality NNS 12299 837 10 of of IN 12299 837 11 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 837 12 wood wood NN 12299 837 13 is be VBZ 12299 837 14 summarized summarize VBN 12299 837 15 by by IN 12299 837 16 the the DT 12299 837 17 same same JJ 12299 837 18 authority authority NN 12299 837 19 as as IN 12299 837 20 follows follow VBZ 12299 837 21 : : : 12299 837 22 " " `` 12299 837 23 When when WRB 12299 837 24 the the DT 12299 837 25 rings ring NNS 12299 837 26 are be VBP 12299 837 27 wide wide JJ 12299 837 28 , , , 12299 837 29 the the DT 12299 837 30 transition transition NN 12299 837 31 from from IN 12299 837 32 spring spring NN 12299 837 33 wood wood NN 12299 837 34 to to IN 12299 837 35 summer summer NN 12299 837 36 wood wood NN 12299 837 37 is be VBZ 12299 837 38 gradual gradual JJ 12299 837 39 , , , 12299 837 40 while while IN 12299 837 41 in in IN 12299 837 42 the the DT 12299 837 43 narrow narrow JJ 12299 837 44 rings ring NNS 12299 837 45 the the DT 12299 837 46 spring spring NN 12299 837 47 wood wood NN 12299 837 48 passes pass VBZ 12299 837 49 into into IN 12299 837 50 summer summer NN 12299 837 51 wood wood NN 12299 837 52 abruptly abruptly RB 12299 837 53 . . . 12299 838 1 The the DT 12299 838 2 width width NN 12299 838 3 of of IN 12299 838 4 the the DT 12299 838 5 spring spring NN 12299 838 6 wood wood NN 12299 838 7 changes change NNS 12299 838 8 but but CC 12299 838 9 little little JJ 12299 838 10 with with IN 12299 838 11 the the DT 12299 838 12 width width NN 12299 838 13 of of IN 12299 838 14 the the DT 12299 838 15 annual annual JJ 12299 838 16 ring ring NN 12299 838 17 , , , 12299 838 18 so so IN 12299 838 19 that that IN 12299 838 20 the the DT 12299 838 21 narrowing narrowing NN 12299 838 22 or or CC 12299 838 23 broadening broadening NN 12299 838 24 of of IN 12299 838 25 the the DT 12299 838 26 annual annual JJ 12299 838 27 ring ring NN 12299 838 28 is be VBZ 12299 838 29 always always RB 12299 838 30 at at IN 12299 838 31 the the DT 12299 838 32 expense expense NN 12299 838 33 of of IN 12299 838 34 the the DT 12299 838 35 summer summer NN 12299 838 36 wood wood NN 12299 838 37 . . . 12299 839 1 The the DT 12299 839 2 narrow narrow JJ 12299 839 3 vessels vessel NNS 12299 839 4 of of IN 12299 839 5 the the DT 12299 839 6 summer summer NN 12299 839 7 wood wood NN 12299 839 8 make make VBP 12299 839 9 it -PRON- PRP 12299 839 10 richer rich JJR 12299 839 11 in in IN 12299 839 12 wood wood NN 12299 839 13 substance substance NN 12299 839 14 than than IN 12299 839 15 the the DT 12299 839 16 spring spring NN 12299 839 17 wood wood NN 12299 839 18 composed compose VBN 12299 839 19 of of IN 12299 839 20 wide wide JJ 12299 839 21 vessels vessel NNS 12299 839 22 . . . 12299 840 1 Therefore therefore RB 12299 840 2 , , , 12299 840 3 rapid rapid RB 12299 840 4 - - HYPH 12299 840 5 growing grow VBG 12299 840 6 specimens specimen NNS 12299 840 7 with with IN 12299 840 8 wide wide JJ 12299 840 9 rings ring NNS 12299 840 10 have have VBP 12299 840 11 more more JJR 12299 840 12 wood wood NN 12299 840 13 substance substance NN 12299 840 14 than than IN 12299 840 15 slow slow RB 12299 840 16 - - HYPH 12299 840 17 growing grow VBG 12299 840 18 trees tree NNS 12299 840 19 with with IN 12299 840 20 narrow narrow JJ 12299 840 21 rings ring NNS 12299 840 22 . . . 12299 841 1 Since since IN 12299 841 2 the the DT 12299 841 3 more more JJR 12299 841 4 the the DT 12299 841 5 wood wood NN 12299 841 6 substance substance NN 12299 841 7 the the DT 12299 841 8 greater great JJR 12299 841 9 the the DT 12299 841 10 weight weight NN 12299 841 11 , , , 12299 841 12 and and CC 12299 841 13 the the DT 12299 841 14 greater great JJR 12299 841 15 the the DT 12299 841 16 weight weight NN 12299 841 17 the the DT 12299 841 18 stronger strong JJR 12299 841 19 the the DT 12299 841 20 wood wood NN 12299 841 21 , , , 12299 841 22 chestnuts chestnut NNS 12299 841 23 with with IN 12299 841 24 wide wide JJ 12299 841 25 rings ring NNS 12299 841 26 must must MD 12299 841 27 have have VB 12299 841 28 stronger strong JJR 12299 841 29 wood wood NN 12299 841 30 than than IN 12299 841 31 chestnuts chestnut NNS 12299 841 32 with with IN 12299 841 33 narrow narrow JJ 12299 841 34 rings ring NNS 12299 841 35 . . . 12299 842 1 This this DT 12299 842 2 agrees agree VBZ 12299 842 3 with with IN 12299 842 4 the the DT 12299 842 5 accepted accepted JJ 12299 842 6 view view NN 12299 842 7 that that IN 12299 842 8 sprouts sprout NNS 12299 842 9 ( ( -LRB- 12299 842 10 which which WDT 12299 842 11 always always RB 12299 842 12 have have VBP 12299 842 13 wide wide JJ 12299 842 14 rings ring NNS 12299 842 15 ) ) -RRB- 12299 842 16 yield yield VBP 12299 842 17 better well JJR 12299 842 18 and and CC 12299 842 19 stronger strong JJR 12299 842 20 wood wood NN 12299 842 21 than than IN 12299 842 22 seedling seedle VBG 12299 842 23 chestnuts chestnut NNS 12299 842 24 , , , 12299 842 25 which which WDT 12299 842 26 grow grow VBP 12299 842 27 more more RBR 12299 842 28 slowly slowly RB 12299 842 29 in in IN 12299 842 30 diameter diameter NN 12299 842 31 . . . 12299 843 1 " " `` 12299 843 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 843 3 21 21 CD 12299 843 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 843 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 843 6 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 843 7 21 21 CD 12299 843 8 : : : 12299 843 9 Bul Bul NNP 12299 843 10 . . . 12299 844 1 53 53 LS 12299 844 2 : : : 12299 844 3 Chestnut chestnut NN 12299 844 4 in in IN 12299 844 5 southern southern JJ 12299 844 6 Maryland Maryland NNP 12299 844 7 , , , 12299 844 8 pp pp NNP 12299 844 9 . . . 12299 845 1 20 20 CD 12299 845 2 - - SYM 12299 845 3 21 21 CD 12299 845 4 . . . 12299 845 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 846 1 In in IN 12299 846 2 diffuse diffuse NN 12299 846 3 - - HYPH 12299 846 4 porous porous JJ 12299 846 5 woods wood NNS 12299 846 6 , , , 12299 846 7 as as IN 12299 846 8 has have VBZ 12299 846 9 been be VBN 12299 846 10 stated state VBN 12299 846 11 , , , 12299 846 12 the the DT 12299 846 13 vessels vessel NNS 12299 846 14 or or CC 12299 846 15 pores pore NNS 12299 846 16 are be VBP 12299 846 17 scattered scatter VBN 12299 846 18 throughout throughout IN 12299 846 19 the the DT 12299 846 20 ring ring NN 12299 846 21 instead instead RB 12299 846 22 of of IN 12299 846 23 collected collect VBN 12299 846 24 in in IN 12299 846 25 the the DT 12299 846 26 early early JJ 12299 846 27 wood wood NN 12299 846 28 . . . 12299 847 1 The the DT 12299 847 2 effect effect NN 12299 847 3 of of IN 12299 847 4 rate rate NN 12299 847 5 of of IN 12299 847 6 growth growth NN 12299 847 7 is be VBZ 12299 847 8 , , , 12299 847 9 therefore therefore RB 12299 847 10 , , , 12299 847 11 not not RB 12299 847 12 the the DT 12299 847 13 same same JJ 12299 847 14 as as IN 12299 847 15 in in IN 12299 847 16 the the DT 12299 847 17 ring ring NN 12299 847 18 - - HYPH 12299 847 19 porous porous JJ 12299 847 20 woods wood NNS 12299 847 21 , , , 12299 847 22 approaching approach VBG 12299 847 23 more more RBR 12299 847 24 nearly nearly RB 12299 847 25 the the DT 12299 847 26 conditions condition NNS 12299 847 27 in in IN 12299 847 28 the the DT 12299 847 29 conifers conifer NNS 12299 847 30 . . . 12299 848 1 In in IN 12299 848 2 general general JJ 12299 848 3 it -PRON- PRP 12299 848 4 may may MD 12299 848 5 be be VB 12299 848 6 stated state VBN 12299 848 7 that that IN 12299 848 8 such such JJ 12299 848 9 woods wood NNS 12299 848 10 of of IN 12299 848 11 medium medium JJ 12299 848 12 growth growth NN 12299 848 13 afford afford VBP 12299 848 14 stronger strong JJR 12299 848 15 material material NN 12299 848 16 than than IN 12299 848 17 when when WRB 12299 848 18 very very RB 12299 848 19 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 848 20 or or CC 12299 848 21 very very RB 12299 848 22 slowly slowly RB 12299 848 23 grown grow VBN 12299 848 24 . . . 12299 849 1 In in IN 12299 849 2 many many JJ 12299 849 3 uses use NNS 12299 849 4 of of IN 12299 849 5 wood wood NN 12299 849 6 , , , 12299 849 7 strength strength NN 12299 849 8 is be VBZ 12299 849 9 not not RB 12299 849 10 the the DT 12299 849 11 main main JJ 12299 849 12 consideration consideration NN 12299 849 13 . . . 12299 850 1 If if IN 12299 850 2 ease ease NN 12299 850 3 of of IN 12299 850 4 working working NN 12299 850 5 is be VBZ 12299 850 6 prized prize VBN 12299 850 7 , , , 12299 850 8 wood wood NN 12299 850 9 should should MD 12299 850 10 be be VB 12299 850 11 chosen choose VBN 12299 850 12 with with IN 12299 850 13 regard regard NN 12299 850 14 to to IN 12299 850 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 850 16 uniformity uniformity NN 12299 850 17 of of IN 12299 850 18 texture texture NN 12299 850 19 and and CC 12299 850 20 straightness straightness NN 12299 850 21 of of IN 12299 850 22 grain grain NN 12299 850 23 , , , 12299 850 24 which which WDT 12299 850 25 will will MD 12299 850 26 in in IN 12299 850 27 most most JJS 12299 850 28 cases case NNS 12299 850 29 occur occur VBP 12299 850 30 when when WRB 12299 850 31 there there EX 12299 850 32 is be VBZ 12299 850 33 little little JJ 12299 850 34 contrast contrast NN 12299 850 35 between between IN 12299 850 36 the the DT 12299 850 37 late late JJ 12299 850 38 wood wood NN 12299 850 39 of of IN 12299 850 40 one one CD 12299 850 41 season season NN 12299 850 42 's 's POS 12299 850 43 growth growth NN 12299 850 44 and and CC 12299 850 45 the the DT 12299 850 46 early early JJ 12299 850 47 wood wood NN 12299 850 48 of of IN 12299 850 49 the the DT 12299 850 50 next next JJ 12299 850 51 . . . 12299 851 1 HEARTWOOD HEARTWOOD NNP 12299 851 2 AND and CC 12299 851 3 SAPWOOD sapwood NN 12299 851 4 Examination examination NN 12299 851 5 of of IN 12299 851 6 the the DT 12299 851 7 end end NN 12299 851 8 of of IN 12299 851 9 a a DT 12299 851 10 log log NN 12299 851 11 of of IN 12299 851 12 many many JJ 12299 851 13 species specie NNS 12299 851 14 reveals reveal VBZ 12299 851 15 a a DT 12299 851 16 darker dark JJR 12299 851 17 - - HYPH 12299 851 18 colored color VBN 12299 851 19 inner inner JJ 12299 851 20 portion portion NN 12299 851 21 -- -- : 12299 851 22 the the DT 12299 851 23 _ _ NNP 12299 851 24 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 851 25 _ _ NNP 12299 851 26 , , , 12299 851 27 surrounded surround VBN 12299 851 28 by by IN 12299 851 29 a a DT 12299 851 30 lighter lighter RBR 12299 851 31 - - HYPH 12299 851 32 colored colored JJ 12299 851 33 zone zone NN 12299 851 34 -- -- : 12299 851 35 the the DT 12299 851 36 _ _ NNP 12299 851 37 sapwood sapwood VBD 12299 851 38 _ _ NNP 12299 851 39 . . . 12299 852 1 In in IN 12299 852 2 some some DT 12299 852 3 instances instance NNS 12299 852 4 this this DT 12299 852 5 distinction distinction NN 12299 852 6 in in IN 12299 852 7 color color NN 12299 852 8 is be VBZ 12299 852 9 very very RB 12299 852 10 marked marked JJ 12299 852 11 ; ; : 12299 852 12 in in IN 12299 852 13 others other NNS 12299 852 14 , , , 12299 852 15 the the DT 12299 852 16 contrast contrast NN 12299 852 17 is be VBZ 12299 852 18 slight slight JJ 12299 852 19 , , , 12299 852 20 so so IN 12299 852 21 that that IN 12299 852 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 852 23 is be VBZ 12299 852 24 not not RB 12299 852 25 always always RB 12299 852 26 easy easy JJ 12299 852 27 to to TO 12299 852 28 tell tell VB 12299 852 29 where where WRB 12299 852 30 one one PRP 12299 852 31 leaves leave VBZ 12299 852 32 off off RP 12299 852 33 and and CC 12299 852 34 the the DT 12299 852 35 other other JJ 12299 852 36 begins begin VBZ 12299 852 37 . . . 12299 853 1 The the DT 12299 853 2 color color NN 12299 853 3 of of IN 12299 853 4 fresh fresh JJ 12299 853 5 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 853 6 is be VBZ 12299 853 7 always always RB 12299 853 8 light light JJ 12299 853 9 , , , 12299 853 10 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 853 11 pure pure JJ 12299 853 12 white white JJ 12299 853 13 , , , 12299 853 14 but but CC 12299 853 15 more more RBR 12299 853 16 often often RB 12299 853 17 with with IN 12299 853 18 a a DT 12299 853 19 decided decide VBN 12299 853 20 tinge tinge NN 12299 853 21 of of IN 12299 853 22 green green JJ 12299 853 23 or or CC 12299 853 24 brown brown JJ 12299 853 25 . . . 12299 854 1 Sapwood Sapwood NNP 12299 854 2 is be VBZ 12299 854 3 comparatively comparatively RB 12299 854 4 new new JJ 12299 854 5 wood wood NN 12299 854 6 . . . 12299 855 1 There there EX 12299 855 2 is be VBZ 12299 855 3 a a DT 12299 855 4 time time NN 12299 855 5 in in IN 12299 855 6 the the DT 12299 855 7 early early JJ 12299 855 8 history history NN 12299 855 9 of of IN 12299 855 10 every every DT 12299 855 11 tree tree NN 12299 855 12 when when WRB 12299 855 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 855 14 wood wood NN 12299 855 15 is be VBZ 12299 855 16 all all RB 12299 855 17 sapwood sapwood VBN 12299 855 18 . . . 12299 856 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 856 2 principal principal JJ 12299 856 3 functions function NNS 12299 856 4 are be VBP 12299 856 5 to to TO 12299 856 6 conduct conduct VB 12299 856 7 water water NN 12299 856 8 from from IN 12299 856 9 the the DT 12299 856 10 roots root NNS 12299 856 11 to to IN 12299 856 12 the the DT 12299 856 13 leaves leave NNS 12299 856 14 and and CC 12299 856 15 to to TO 12299 856 16 store store VB 12299 856 17 up up RP 12299 856 18 and and CC 12299 856 19 give give VB 12299 856 20 back back RP 12299 856 21 according accord VBG 12299 856 22 to to IN 12299 856 23 the the DT 12299 856 24 season season NN 12299 856 25 the the DT 12299 856 26 food food NN 12299 856 27 prepared prepare VBN 12299 856 28 in in IN 12299 856 29 the the DT 12299 856 30 leaves leave NNS 12299 856 31 . . . 12299 857 1 The the DT 12299 857 2 more more JJR 12299 857 3 leaves leave VBZ 12299 857 4 a a DT 12299 857 5 tree tree NN 12299 857 6 bears bear VBZ 12299 857 7 and and CC 12299 857 8 the the DT 12299 857 9 more more RBR 12299 857 10 thrifty thrifty JJ 12299 857 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 857 12 growth growth NN 12299 857 13 , , , 12299 857 14 the the DT 12299 857 15 larger large JJR 12299 857 16 the the DT 12299 857 17 volume volume NN 12299 857 18 of of IN 12299 857 19 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 857 20 required require VBN 12299 857 21 , , , 12299 857 22 hence hence RB 12299 857 23 trees tree NNS 12299 857 24 making make VBG 12299 857 25 rapid rapid JJ 12299 857 26 growth growth NN 12299 857 27 in in IN 12299 857 28 the the DT 12299 857 29 open open JJ 12299 857 30 have have VBP 12299 857 31 thicker thick JJR 12299 857 32 sapwood sapwood VBN 12299 857 33 for for IN 12299 857 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 857 35 size size NN 12299 857 36 than than IN 12299 857 37 trees tree NNS 12299 857 38 of of IN 12299 857 39 the the DT 12299 857 40 same same JJ 12299 857 41 species specie NNS 12299 857 42 growing grow VBG 12299 857 43 in in IN 12299 857 44 dense dense JJ 12299 857 45 forests forest NNS 12299 857 46 . . . 12299 858 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12299 858 2 trees tree NNS 12299 858 3 grown grow VBN 12299 858 4 in in IN 12299 858 5 the the DT 12299 858 6 open open NN 12299 858 7 may may MD 12299 858 8 become become VB 12299 858 9 of of IN 12299 858 10 considerable considerable JJ 12299 858 11 size size NN 12299 858 12 , , , 12299 858 13 a a DT 12299 858 14 foot foot NN 12299 858 15 or or CC 12299 858 16 more more JJR 12299 858 17 in in IN 12299 858 18 diameter diameter NN 12299 858 19 , , , 12299 858 20 before before IN 12299 858 21 any any DT 12299 858 22 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 858 23 begins begin VBZ 12299 858 24 to to TO 12299 858 25 form form VB 12299 858 26 , , , 12299 858 27 for for IN 12299 858 28 example example NN 12299 858 29 , , , 12299 858 30 in in IN 12299 858 31 second second JJ 12299 858 32 - - HYPH 12299 858 33 growth growth NN 12299 858 34 hickory hickory NN 12299 858 35 , , , 12299 858 36 or or CC 12299 858 37 field field NN 12299 858 38 - - HYPH 12299 858 39 grown grow VBN 12299 858 40 white white JJ 12299 858 41 and and CC 12299 858 42 loblolly loblolly JJ 12299 858 43 pines pine NNS 12299 858 44 . . . 12299 859 1 As as IN 12299 859 2 a a DT 12299 859 3 tree tree NN 12299 859 4 increases increase VBZ 12299 859 5 in in IN 12299 859 6 age age NN 12299 859 7 and and CC 12299 859 8 diameter diameter NN 12299 859 9 an an DT 12299 859 10 inner inner JJ 12299 859 11 portion portion NN 12299 859 12 of of IN 12299 859 13 the the DT 12299 859 14 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 859 15 becomes become VBZ 12299 859 16 inactive inactive JJ 12299 859 17 and and CC 12299 859 18 finally finally RB 12299 859 19 ceases cease VBZ 12299 859 20 to to TO 12299 859 21 function function VB 12299 859 22 . . . 12299 860 1 This this DT 12299 860 2 inert inert JJ 12299 860 3 or or CC 12299 860 4 dead dead JJ 12299 860 5 portion portion NN 12299 860 6 is be VBZ 12299 860 7 called call VBN 12299 860 8 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 860 9 , , , 12299 860 10 deriving derive VBG 12299 860 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 860 12 name name NN 12299 860 13 solely solely RB 12299 860 14 from from IN 12299 860 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 860 16 position position NN 12299 860 17 and and CC 12299 860 18 not not RB 12299 860 19 from from IN 12299 860 20 any any DT 12299 860 21 vital vital JJ 12299 860 22 importance importance NN 12299 860 23 to to IN 12299 860 24 the the DT 12299 860 25 tree tree NN 12299 860 26 , , , 12299 860 27 as as IN 12299 860 28 is be VBZ 12299 860 29 shown show VBN 12299 860 30 by by IN 12299 860 31 the the DT 12299 860 32 fact fact NN 12299 860 33 that that IN 12299 860 34 a a DT 12299 860 35 tree tree NN 12299 860 36 can can MD 12299 860 37 thrive thrive VB 12299 860 38 with with IN 12299 860 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 860 40 heart heart NN 12299 860 41 completely completely RB 12299 860 42 decayed decay VBN 12299 860 43 . . . 12299 861 1 Some some DT 12299 861 2 , , , 12299 861 3 species specie NNS 12299 861 4 begin begin VBP 12299 861 5 to to TO 12299 861 6 form form VB 12299 861 7 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 861 8 very very RB 12299 861 9 early early RB 12299 861 10 in in IN 12299 861 11 life life NN 12299 861 12 , , , 12299 861 13 while while IN 12299 861 14 in in IN 12299 861 15 others other NNS 12299 861 16 the the DT 12299 861 17 change change NN 12299 861 18 comes come VBZ 12299 861 19 slowly slowly RB 12299 861 20 . . . 12299 862 1 Thin thin JJ 12299 862 2 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 862 3 is be VBZ 12299 862 4 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 862 5 of of IN 12299 862 6 such such JJ 12299 862 7 trees tree NNS 12299 862 8 as as IN 12299 862 9 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 862 10 , , , 12299 862 11 black black JJ 12299 862 12 locust locust NN 12299 862 13 , , , 12299 862 14 mulberry mulberry NN 12299 862 15 , , , 12299 862 16 Osage osage NN 12299 862 17 orange orange NN 12299 862 18 , , , 12299 862 19 and and CC 12299 862 20 sassafras sassafra NNS 12299 862 21 , , , 12299 862 22 while while IN 12299 862 23 in in IN 12299 862 24 maple maple NN 12299 862 25 , , , 12299 862 26 ash ash NN 12299 862 27 , , , 12299 862 28 gum gum NN 12299 862 29 , , , 12299 862 30 hickory hickory NN 12299 862 31 , , , 12299 862 32 hackberry hackberry JJ 12299 862 33 , , , 12299 862 34 beech beech FW 12299 862 35 , , , 12299 862 36 and and CC 12299 862 37 loblolly loblolly RB 12299 862 38 pine pine JJ 12299 862 39 , , , 12299 862 40 thick thick JJ 12299 862 41 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 862 42 is be VBZ 12299 862 43 the the DT 12299 862 44 rule rule NN 12299 862 45 . . . 12299 863 1 There there EX 12299 863 2 is be VBZ 12299 863 3 no no DT 12299 863 4 definite definite JJ 12299 863 5 relation relation NN 12299 863 6 between between IN 12299 863 7 the the DT 12299 863 8 annual annual JJ 12299 863 9 rings ring NNS 12299 863 10 of of IN 12299 863 11 growth growth NN 12299 863 12 and and CC 12299 863 13 the the DT 12299 863 14 amount amount NN 12299 863 15 of of IN 12299 863 16 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 863 17 . . . 12299 864 1 Within within IN 12299 864 2 the the DT 12299 864 3 same same JJ 12299 864 4 species specie NNS 12299 864 5 the the DT 12299 864 6 cross cross JJ 12299 864 7 - - JJ 12299 864 8 sectional sectional JJ 12299 864 9 area area NN 12299 864 10 of of IN 12299 864 11 the the DT 12299 864 12 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 864 13 is be VBZ 12299 864 14 roughly roughly RB 12299 864 15 proportional proportional JJ 12299 864 16 to to IN 12299 864 17 the the DT 12299 864 18 size size NN 12299 864 19 of of IN 12299 864 20 the the DT 12299 864 21 crown crown NN 12299 864 22 of of IN 12299 864 23 the the DT 12299 864 24 tree tree NN 12299 864 25 . . . 12299 865 1 If if IN 12299 865 2 the the DT 12299 865 3 rings ring NNS 12299 865 4 are be VBP 12299 865 5 narrow narrow JJ 12299 865 6 , , , 12299 865 7 more more JJR 12299 865 8 of of IN 12299 865 9 them -PRON- PRP 12299 865 10 are be VBP 12299 865 11 required require VBN 12299 865 12 than than IN 12299 865 13 where where WRB 12299 865 14 they -PRON- PRP 12299 865 15 are be VBP 12299 865 16 wide wide JJ 12299 865 17 . . . 12299 866 1 As as IN 12299 866 2 the the DT 12299 866 3 tree tree NN 12299 866 4 gets get VBZ 12299 866 5 larger large JJR 12299 866 6 , , , 12299 866 7 the the DT 12299 866 8 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 866 9 must must MD 12299 866 10 necessarily necessarily RB 12299 866 11 become become VB 12299 866 12 thinner thinner NN 12299 866 13 or or CC 12299 866 14 increase increase VB 12299 866 15 materially materially RB 12299 866 16 in in IN 12299 866 17 volume volume NN 12299 866 18 . . . 12299 867 1 Sapwood Sapwood NNP 12299 867 2 is be VBZ 12299 867 3 thicker thick JJR 12299 867 4 in in IN 12299 867 5 the the DT 12299 867 6 upper upper JJ 12299 867 7 portion portion NN 12299 867 8 of of IN 12299 867 9 the the DT 12299 867 10 trunk trunk NN 12299 867 11 of of IN 12299 867 12 a a DT 12299 867 13 tree tree NN 12299 867 14 than than IN 12299 867 15 near near IN 12299 867 16 the the DT 12299 867 17 base base NN 12299 867 18 , , , 12299 867 19 because because IN 12299 867 20 the the DT 12299 867 21 age age NN 12299 867 22 and and CC 12299 867 23 the the DT 12299 867 24 diameter diameter NN 12299 867 25 of of IN 12299 867 26 the the DT 12299 867 27 upper upper JJ 12299 867 28 sections section NNS 12299 867 29 are be VBP 12299 867 30 less less JJR 12299 867 31 . . . 12299 868 1 When when WRB 12299 868 2 a a DT 12299 868 3 tree tree NN 12299 868 4 is be VBZ 12299 868 5 very very RB 12299 868 6 young young JJ 12299 868 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 868 8 is be VBZ 12299 868 9 covered cover VBN 12299 868 10 with with IN 12299 868 11 limbs limb NNS 12299 868 12 almost almost RB 12299 868 13 , , , 12299 868 14 if if IN 12299 868 15 not not RB 12299 868 16 entirely entirely RB 12299 868 17 , , , 12299 868 18 to to IN 12299 868 19 the the DT 12299 868 20 ground ground NN 12299 868 21 , , , 12299 868 22 but but CC 12299 868 23 as as IN 12299 868 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 868 25 grows grow VBZ 12299 868 26 older old JJR 12299 868 27 some some DT 12299 868 28 or or CC 12299 868 29 all all DT 12299 868 30 of of IN 12299 868 31 them -PRON- PRP 12299 868 32 will will MD 12299 868 33 eventually eventually RB 12299 868 34 die die VB 12299 868 35 and and CC 12299 868 36 be be VB 12299 868 37 broken break VBN 12299 868 38 off off RP 12299 868 39 . . . 12299 869 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 869 2 growth growth NN 12299 869 3 of of IN 12299 869 4 wood wood NN 12299 869 5 may may MD 12299 869 6 completely completely RB 12299 869 7 conceal conceal VB 12299 869 8 the the DT 12299 869 9 stubs stub NNS 12299 869 10 which which WDT 12299 869 11 , , , 12299 869 12 however however RB 12299 869 13 , , , 12299 869 14 will will MD 12299 869 15 remain remain VB 12299 869 16 as as IN 12299 869 17 knots knot NNS 12299 869 18 . . . 12299 870 1 No no RB 12299 870 2 matter matter RB 12299 870 3 how how WRB 12299 870 4 smooth smooth JJ 12299 870 5 and and CC 12299 870 6 clear clear JJ 12299 870 7 a a DT 12299 870 8 log log NN 12299 870 9 is be VBZ 12299 870 10 on on IN 12299 870 11 the the DT 12299 870 12 outside outside NN 12299 870 13 , , , 12299 870 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 870 15 is be VBZ 12299 870 16 more more RBR 12299 870 17 or or CC 12299 870 18 less less RBR 12299 870 19 knotty knotty NN 12299 870 20 near near IN 12299 870 21 the the DT 12299 870 22 middle middle NN 12299 870 23 . . . 12299 871 1 Consequently consequently RB 12299 871 2 the the DT 12299 871 3 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 871 4 of of IN 12299 871 5 an an DT 12299 871 6 old old JJ 12299 871 7 tree tree NN 12299 871 8 , , , 12299 871 9 and and CC 12299 871 10 particularly particularly RB 12299 871 11 of of IN 12299 871 12 a a DT 12299 871 13 forest forest NN 12299 871 14 - - HYPH 12299 871 15 grown grow VBN 12299 871 16 tree tree NN 12299 871 17 , , , 12299 871 18 will will MD 12299 871 19 be be VB 12299 871 20 freer free JJR 12299 871 21 from from IN 12299 871 22 knots knot NNS 12299 871 23 than than IN 12299 871 24 the the DT 12299 871 25 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 871 26 . . . 12299 872 1 Since since IN 12299 872 2 in in IN 12299 872 3 most most JJS 12299 872 4 uses use NNS 12299 872 5 of of IN 12299 872 6 wood wood NN 12299 872 7 , , , 12299 872 8 knots knot NNS 12299 872 9 are be VBP 12299 872 10 defects defect NNS 12299 872 11 that that WDT 12299 872 12 weaken weaken VBP 12299 872 13 the the DT 12299 872 14 timber timber NN 12299 872 15 and and CC 12299 872 16 interfere interfere VB 12299 872 17 with with IN 12299 872 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 872 19 ease ease NN 12299 872 20 of of IN 12299 872 21 working working NN 12299 872 22 and and CC 12299 872 23 other other JJ 12299 872 24 properties property NNS 12299 872 25 , , , 12299 872 26 it -PRON- PRP 12299 872 27 follows follow VBZ 12299 872 28 that that DT 12299 872 29 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 872 30 , , , 12299 872 31 because because IN 12299 872 32 of of IN 12299 872 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 872 34 position position NN 12299 872 35 in in IN 12299 872 36 the the DT 12299 872 37 tree tree NN 12299 872 38 , , , 12299 872 39 may may MD 12299 872 40 have have VB 12299 872 41 certain certain JJ 12299 872 42 advantages advantage NNS 12299 872 43 over over IN 12299 872 44 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 872 45 . . . 12299 873 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 873 2 is be VBZ 12299 873 3 really really RB 12299 873 4 remarkable remarkable JJ 12299 873 5 that that IN 12299 873 6 the the DT 12299 873 7 inner inner JJ 12299 873 8 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 873 9 of of IN 12299 873 10 old old JJ 12299 873 11 trees tree NNS 12299 873 12 remains remain VBZ 12299 873 13 as as RB 12299 873 14 sound sound JJ 12299 873 15 as as IN 12299 873 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 873 17 usually usually RB 12299 873 18 does do VBZ 12299 873 19 , , , 12299 873 20 since since IN 12299 873 21 in in IN 12299 873 22 many many JJ 12299 873 23 cases case NNS 12299 873 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 873 25 is be VBZ 12299 873 26 hundreds hundred NNS 12299 873 27 of of IN 12299 873 28 years year NNS 12299 873 29 , , , 12299 873 30 and and CC 12299 873 31 in in IN 12299 873 32 a a DT 12299 873 33 few few JJ 12299 873 34 instances instance NNS 12299 873 35 thousands thousand NNS 12299 873 36 of of IN 12299 873 37 years year NNS 12299 873 38 , , , 12299 873 39 old old JJ 12299 873 40 . . . 12299 874 1 Every every DT 12299 874 2 broken broken JJ 12299 874 3 limb limb NN 12299 874 4 or or CC 12299 874 5 root root NN 12299 874 6 , , , 12299 874 7 or or CC 12299 874 8 deep deep JJ 12299 874 9 wound wound NN 12299 874 10 from from IN 12299 874 11 fire fire NN 12299 874 12 , , , 12299 874 13 insects insect NNS 12299 874 14 , , , 12299 874 15 or or CC 12299 874 16 falling fall VBG 12299 874 17 timber timber NN 12299 874 18 , , , 12299 874 19 may may MD 12299 874 20 afford afford VB 12299 874 21 an an DT 12299 874 22 entrance entrance NN 12299 874 23 for for IN 12299 874 24 decay decay NN 12299 874 25 , , , 12299 874 26 which which WDT 12299 874 27 , , , 12299 874 28 once once RB 12299 874 29 started start VBD 12299 874 30 , , , 12299 874 31 may may MD 12299 874 32 penetrate penetrate VB 12299 874 33 to to IN 12299 874 34 all all DT 12299 874 35 parts part NNS 12299 874 36 of of IN 12299 874 37 the the DT 12299 874 38 trunk trunk NN 12299 874 39 . . . 12299 875 1 The the DT 12299 875 2 larvà larvà NNP 12299 875 3 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 875 4 of of IN 12299 875 5 many many JJ 12299 875 6 insects insect NNS 12299 875 7 bore bear VBN 12299 875 8 into into IN 12299 875 9 the the DT 12299 875 10 trees tree NNS 12299 875 11 and and CC 12299 875 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 875 13 tunnels tunnel NNS 12299 875 14 remain remain VBP 12299 875 15 indefinitely indefinitely RB 12299 875 16 as as IN 12299 875 17 sources source NNS 12299 875 18 of of IN 12299 875 19 weakness weakness NN 12299 875 20 . . . 12299 876 1 Whatever whatever WDT 12299 876 2 advantages advantage NNS 12299 876 3 , , , 12299 876 4 however however RB 12299 876 5 , , , 12299 876 6 that that IN 12299 876 7 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 876 8 may may MD 12299 876 9 have have VB 12299 876 10 in in IN 12299 876 11 this this DT 12299 876 12 connection connection NN 12299 876 13 are be VBP 12299 876 14 due due JJ 12299 876 15 solely solely RB 12299 876 16 to to IN 12299 876 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 876 18 relative relative JJ 12299 876 19 age age NN 12299 876 20 and and CC 12299 876 21 position position NN 12299 876 22 . . . 12299 877 1 If if IN 12299 877 2 a a DT 12299 877 3 tree tree NN 12299 877 4 grows grow VBZ 12299 877 5 all all PDT 12299 877 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 877 7 life life NN 12299 877 8 in in IN 12299 877 9 the the DT 12299 877 10 open open NN 12299 877 11 and and CC 12299 877 12 the the DT 12299 877 13 conditions condition NNS 12299 877 14 of of IN 12299 877 15 soil soil NN 12299 877 16 and and CC 12299 877 17 site site NN 12299 877 18 remain remain VBP 12299 877 19 unchanged unchanged JJ 12299 877 20 , , , 12299 877 21 it -PRON- PRP 12299 877 22 will will MD 12299 877 23 make make VB 12299 877 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 877 25 most most RBS 12299 877 26 rapid rapid JJ 12299 877 27 growth growth NN 12299 877 28 in in IN 12299 877 29 youth youth NN 12299 877 30 , , , 12299 877 31 and and CC 12299 877 32 gradually gradually RB 12299 877 33 decline decline VB 12299 877 34 . . . 12299 878 1 The the DT 12299 878 2 annual annual JJ 12299 878 3 rings ring NNS 12299 878 4 of of IN 12299 878 5 growth growth NN 12299 878 6 are be VBP 12299 878 7 for for IN 12299 878 8 many many JJ 12299 878 9 years year NNS 12299 878 10 quite quite RB 12299 878 11 wide wide RB 12299 878 12 , , , 12299 878 13 but but CC 12299 878 14 later later RB 12299 878 15 they -PRON- PRP 12299 878 16 become become VBP 12299 878 17 narrower narrow JJR 12299 878 18 and and CC 12299 878 19 narrower narrow JJR 12299 878 20 . . . 12299 879 1 Since since IN 12299 879 2 each each DT 12299 879 3 succeeding succeed VBG 12299 879 4 ring ring NN 12299 879 5 is be VBZ 12299 879 6 laid lay VBN 12299 879 7 down down RP 12299 879 8 on on IN 12299 879 9 the the DT 12299 879 10 outside outside NN 12299 879 11 of of IN 12299 879 12 the the DT 12299 879 13 wood wood NN 12299 879 14 previously previously RB 12299 879 15 formed form VBN 12299 879 16 , , , 12299 879 17 it -PRON- PRP 12299 879 18 follows follow VBZ 12299 879 19 that that IN 12299 879 20 unless unless IN 12299 879 21 a a DT 12299 879 22 tree tree NN 12299 879 23 materially materially RB 12299 879 24 increases increase VBZ 12299 879 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 879 26 production production NN 12299 879 27 of of IN 12299 879 28 wood wood NN 12299 879 29 from from IN 12299 879 30 year year NN 12299 879 31 to to IN 12299 879 32 year year NN 12299 879 33 , , , 12299 879 34 the the DT 12299 879 35 rings ring NNS 12299 879 36 must must MD 12299 879 37 necessarily necessarily RB 12299 879 38 become become VB 12299 879 39 thinner thin JJR 12299 879 40 . . . 12299 880 1 As as IN 12299 880 2 a a DT 12299 880 3 tree tree NN 12299 880 4 reaches reach VBZ 12299 880 5 maturity maturity NN 12299 880 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 880 7 crown crown NN 12299 880 8 becomes become VBZ 12299 880 9 more more RBR 12299 880 10 open open JJ 12299 880 11 and and CC 12299 880 12 the the DT 12299 880 13 annual annual JJ 12299 880 14 wood wood NN 12299 880 15 production production NN 12299 880 16 is be VBZ 12299 880 17 lessened lessen VBN 12299 880 18 , , , 12299 880 19 thereby thereby RB 12299 880 20 reducing reduce VBG 12299 880 21 still still RB 12299 880 22 more more JJR 12299 880 23 the the DT 12299 880 24 width width NN 12299 880 25 of of IN 12299 880 26 the the DT 12299 880 27 growth growth NN 12299 880 28 rings ring NNS 12299 880 29 . . . 12299 881 1 In in IN 12299 881 2 the the DT 12299 881 3 case case NN 12299 881 4 of of IN 12299 881 5 forest forest NN 12299 881 6 - - HYPH 12299 881 7 grown grow VBN 12299 881 8 trees tree NNS 12299 881 9 so so RB 12299 881 10 much much JJ 12299 881 11 depends depend VBZ 12299 881 12 upon upon IN 12299 881 13 the the DT 12299 881 14 competition competition NN 12299 881 15 of of IN 12299 881 16 the the DT 12299 881 17 trees tree NNS 12299 881 18 in in IN 12299 881 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 881 20 struggle struggle NN 12299 881 21 for for IN 12299 881 22 light light NN 12299 881 23 and and CC 12299 881 24 nourishment nourishment NN 12299 881 25 that that IN 12299 881 26 periods period NNS 12299 881 27 of of IN 12299 881 28 rapid rapid JJ 12299 881 29 and and CC 12299 881 30 slow slow JJ 12299 881 31 growth growth NN 12299 881 32 may may MD 12299 881 33 alternate alternate VB 12299 881 34 . . . 12299 882 1 Some some DT 12299 882 2 trees tree NNS 12299 882 3 , , , 12299 882 4 such such JJ 12299 882 5 as as IN 12299 882 6 southern southern JJ 12299 882 7 oaks oak NNS 12299 882 8 , , , 12299 882 9 maintain maintain VB 12299 882 10 the the DT 12299 882 11 same same JJ 12299 882 12 width width NN 12299 882 13 of of IN 12299 882 14 ring ring NN 12299 882 15 for for IN 12299 882 16 hundreds hundred NNS 12299 882 17 of of IN 12299 882 18 years year NNS 12299 882 19 . . . 12299 883 1 Upon upon IN 12299 883 2 the the DT 12299 883 3 whole whole NN 12299 883 4 , , , 12299 883 5 however however RB 12299 883 6 , , , 12299 883 7 as as IN 12299 883 8 a a DT 12299 883 9 tree tree NN 12299 883 10 gets get VBZ 12299 883 11 larger large JJR 12299 883 12 in in IN 12299 883 13 diameter diameter NN 12299 883 14 the the DT 12299 883 15 width width NN 12299 883 16 of of IN 12299 883 17 the the DT 12299 883 18 growth growth NN 12299 883 19 rings ring NNS 12299 883 20 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 883 21 . . . 12299 884 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 884 2 is be VBZ 12299 884 3 evident evident JJ 12299 884 4 that that IN 12299 884 5 there there EX 12299 884 6 may may MD 12299 884 7 be be VB 12299 884 8 decided decide VBN 12299 884 9 differences difference NNS 12299 884 10 in in IN 12299 884 11 the the DT 12299 884 12 grain grain NN 12299 884 13 of of IN 12299 884 14 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 884 15 and and CC 12299 884 16 sapwood sapwood VBD 12299 884 17 cut cut NN 12299 884 18 from from IN 12299 884 19 a a DT 12299 884 20 large large JJ 12299 884 21 tree tree NN 12299 884 22 , , , 12299 884 23 particularly particularly RB 12299 884 24 one one CD 12299 884 25 that that WDT 12299 884 26 is be VBZ 12299 884 27 overmature overmature JJ 12299 884 28 . . . 12299 885 1 The the DT 12299 885 2 relationship relationship NN 12299 885 3 between between IN 12299 885 4 width width NN 12299 885 5 of of IN 12299 885 6 growth growth NN 12299 885 7 rings ring NNS 12299 885 8 and and CC 12299 885 9 the the DT 12299 885 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 885 11 properties property NNS 12299 885 12 of of IN 12299 885 13 wood wood NN 12299 885 14 is be VBZ 12299 885 15 discussed discuss VBN 12299 885 16 under under IN 12299 885 17 Rate rate NN 12299 885 18 of of IN 12299 885 19 Growth growth NN 12299 885 20 . . . 12299 886 1 In in IN 12299 886 2 this this DT 12299 886 3 connection connection NN 12299 886 4 , , , 12299 886 5 however however RB 12299 886 6 , , , 12299 886 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 886 8 may may MD 12299 886 9 be be VB 12299 886 10 stated state VBN 12299 886 11 that that IN 12299 886 12 as as IN 12299 886 13 a a DT 12299 886 14 general general JJ 12299 886 15 rule rule NN 12299 886 16 the the DT 12299 886 17 wood wood NN 12299 886 18 laid lay VBN 12299 886 19 on on RP 12299 886 20 late late RB 12299 886 21 in in IN 12299 886 22 the the DT 12299 886 23 life life NN 12299 886 24 of of IN 12299 886 25 a a DT 12299 886 26 tree tree NN 12299 886 27 is be VBZ 12299 886 28 softer soft JJR 12299 886 29 , , , 12299 886 30 lighter light JJR 12299 886 31 , , , 12299 886 32 weaker weak JJR 12299 886 33 , , , 12299 886 34 and and CC 12299 886 35 more more RBR 12299 886 36 even even RB 12299 886 37 - - HYPH 12299 886 38 textured texture VBN 12299 886 39 than than IN 12299 886 40 that that DT 12299 886 41 produced produce VBN 12299 886 42 earlier early RBR 12299 886 43 . . . 12299 887 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 887 2 follows follow VBZ 12299 887 3 that that IN 12299 887 4 in in IN 12299 887 5 a a DT 12299 887 6 large large JJ 12299 887 7 log log NN 12299 887 8 the the DT 12299 887 9 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 887 10 , , , 12299 887 11 because because IN 12299 887 12 of of IN 12299 887 13 the the DT 12299 887 14 time time NN 12299 887 15 in in IN 12299 887 16 the the DT 12299 887 17 life life NN 12299 887 18 of of IN 12299 887 19 the the DT 12299 887 20 tree tree NN 12299 887 21 when when WRB 12299 887 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 887 23 was be VBD 12299 887 24 grown grow VBN 12299 887 25 , , , 12299 887 26 may may MD 12299 887 27 be be VB 12299 887 28 inferior inferior JJ 12299 887 29 in in IN 12299 887 30 hardness hardness NN 12299 887 31 , , , 12299 887 32 strength strength NN 12299 887 33 , , , 12299 887 34 and and CC 12299 887 35 toughness toughness NN 12299 887 36 to to TO 12299 887 37 equally equally RB 12299 887 38 sound sound VB 12299 887 39 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 887 40 from from IN 12299 887 41 the the DT 12299 887 42 same same JJ 12299 887 43 log log NN 12299 887 44 . . . 12299 888 1 After after IN 12299 888 2 exhaustive exhaustive JJ 12299 888 3 tests test NNS 12299 888 4 on on IN 12299 888 5 a a DT 12299 888 6 number number NN 12299 888 7 of of IN 12299 888 8 different different JJ 12299 888 9 woods wood NNS 12299 888 10 the the DT 12299 888 11 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 888 12 Forest Forest NNP 12299 888 13 Service Service NNP 12299 888 14 concludes conclude VBZ 12299 888 15 as as IN 12299 888 16 follows follow VBZ 12299 888 17 : : : 12299 888 18 " " `` 12299 888 19 Sapwood Sapwood NNP 12299 888 20 , , , 12299 888 21 except except IN 12299 888 22 that that IN 12299 888 23 from from IN 12299 888 24 old old JJ 12299 888 25 , , , 12299 888 26 overmature overmature NN 12299 888 27 trees tree NNS 12299 888 28 , , , 12299 888 29 is be VBZ 12299 888 30 as as RB 12299 888 31 strong strong JJ 12299 888 32 as as IN 12299 888 33 heartwood heartwood JJ 12299 888 34 , , , 12299 888 35 other other JJ 12299 888 36 things thing NNS 12299 888 37 being be VBG 12299 888 38 equal equal JJ 12299 888 39 , , , 12299 888 40 and and CC 12299 888 41 so so RB 12299 888 42 far far RB 12299 888 43 as as IN 12299 888 44 the the DT 12299 888 45 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 888 46 properties property NNS 12299 888 47 go go VB 12299 888 48 should should MD 12299 888 49 not not RB 12299 888 50 be be VB 12299 888 51 regarded regard VBN 12299 888 52 as as IN 12299 888 53 a a DT 12299 888 54 defect defect NN 12299 888 55 . . . 12299 889 1 " " `` 12299 889 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 889 3 22 22 CD 12299 889 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 889 5 Careful careful JJ 12299 889 6 inspection inspection NN 12299 889 7 of of IN 12299 889 8 the the DT 12299 889 9 individual individual JJ 12299 889 10 tests test NNS 12299 889 11 made make VBN 12299 889 12 in in IN 12299 889 13 the the DT 12299 889 14 investigation investigation NN 12299 889 15 fails fail VBZ 12299 889 16 to to TO 12299 889 17 reveal reveal VB 12299 889 18 any any DT 12299 889 19 relation relation NN 12299 889 20 between between IN 12299 889 21 the the DT 12299 889 22 proportion proportion NN 12299 889 23 of of IN 12299 889 24 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 889 25 and and CC 12299 889 26 the the DT 12299 889 27 breaking break VBG 12299 889 28 strength strength NN 12299 889 29 of of IN 12299 889 30 timber timber NN 12299 889 31 . . . 12299 890 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 890 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 890 3 22 22 CD 12299 890 4 : : : 12299 890 5 Bul Bul NNP 12299 890 6 . . . 12299 891 1 108 108 CD 12299 891 2 : : : 12299 891 3 Tests test NNS 12299 891 4 of of IN 12299 891 5 structural structural JJ 12299 891 6 timber timber NN 12299 891 7 , , , 12299 891 8 p. p. NN 12299 892 1 35 35 CD 12299 892 2 . . . 12299 892 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 893 1 In in IN 12299 893 2 the the DT 12299 893 3 study study NN 12299 893 4 of of IN 12299 893 5 the the DT 12299 893 6 hickories hickory NNS 12299 893 7 the the DT 12299 893 8 conclusion conclusion NN 12299 893 9 was be VBD 12299 893 10 : : : 12299 893 11 " " `` 12299 893 12 There there EX 12299 893 13 is be VBZ 12299 893 14 an an DT 12299 893 15 unfounded unfounded JJ 12299 893 16 prejudice prejudice NN 12299 893 17 against against IN 12299 893 18 the the DT 12299 893 19 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 893 20 . . . 12299 894 1 Specifications specification NNS 12299 894 2 place place VBP 12299 894 3 white white JJ 12299 894 4 hickory hickory NN 12299 894 5 , , , 12299 894 6 or or CC 12299 894 7 sapwood sapwood VBD 12299 894 8 , , , 12299 894 9 in in IN 12299 894 10 a a DT 12299 894 11 higher high JJR 12299 894 12 grade grade NN 12299 894 13 than than IN 12299 894 14 red red JJ 12299 894 15 hickory hickory NN 12299 894 16 , , , 12299 894 17 or or CC 12299 894 18 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 894 19 , , , 12299 894 20 though though IN 12299 894 21 there there EX 12299 894 22 is be VBZ 12299 894 23 no no DT 12299 894 24 inherent inherent JJ 12299 894 25 difference difference NN 12299 894 26 in in IN 12299 894 27 strength strength NN 12299 894 28 . . . 12299 895 1 In in IN 12299 895 2 fact fact NN 12299 895 3 , , , 12299 895 4 in in IN 12299 895 5 the the DT 12299 895 6 case case NN 12299 895 7 of of IN 12299 895 8 large large JJ 12299 895 9 and and CC 12299 895 10 old old JJ 12299 895 11 hickory hickory NN 12299 895 12 trees tree NNS 12299 895 13 , , , 12299 895 14 the the DT 12299 895 15 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 895 16 nearest near JJS 12299 895 17 the the DT 12299 895 18 bark bark NN 12299 895 19 is be VBZ 12299 895 20 comparatively comparatively RB 12299 895 21 weak weak JJ 12299 895 22 , , , 12299 895 23 and and CC 12299 895 24 the the DT 12299 895 25 best good JJS 12299 895 26 wood wood NN 12299 895 27 is be VBZ 12299 895 28 in in IN 12299 895 29 the the DT 12299 895 30 heart heart NN 12299 895 31 , , , 12299 895 32 though though IN 12299 895 33 in in IN 12299 895 34 young young JJ 12299 895 35 trees tree NNS 12299 895 36 of of IN 12299 895 37 thrifty thrifty JJ 12299 895 38 growth growth NN 12299 895 39 the the DT 12299 895 40 best good JJS 12299 895 41 wood wood NN 12299 895 42 is be VBZ 12299 895 43 in in IN 12299 895 44 the the DT 12299 895 45 sap sap NN 12299 895 46 . . . 12299 896 1 " " `` 12299 896 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 896 3 23 23 CD 12299 896 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 896 5 The the DT 12299 896 6 results result NNS 12299 896 7 of of IN 12299 896 8 tests test NNS 12299 896 9 from from IN 12299 896 10 selected selected JJ 12299 896 11 pieces piece NNS 12299 896 12 lying lie VBG 12299 896 13 side side NN 12299 896 14 by by IN 12299 896 15 side side NN 12299 896 16 in in IN 12299 896 17 the the DT 12299 896 18 same same JJ 12299 896 19 tree tree NN 12299 896 20 , , , 12299 896 21 and and CC 12299 896 22 also also RB 12299 896 23 the the DT 12299 896 24 average average JJ 12299 896 25 values value NNS 12299 896 26 for for IN 12299 896 27 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 896 28 and and CC 12299 896 29 sapwood sapwood VBN 12299 896 30 in in IN 12299 896 31 shipments shipment NNS 12299 896 32 of of IN 12299 896 33 the the DT 12299 896 34 commercial commercial JJ 12299 896 35 hickories hickory NNS 12299 896 36 without without IN 12299 896 37 selection selection NN 12299 896 38 , , , 12299 896 39 show show VBP 12299 896 40 conclusively conclusively RB 12299 896 41 that that IN 12299 896 42 " " `` 12299 896 43 the the DT 12299 896 44 transformation transformation NN 12299 896 45 of of IN 12299 896 46 sapwood sapwood VBN 12299 896 47 into into IN 12299 896 48 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 896 49 does do VBZ 12299 896 50 not not RB 12299 896 51 affect affect VB 12299 896 52 either either CC 12299 896 53 the the DT 12299 896 54 strength strength NN 12299 896 55 or or CC 12299 896 56 toughness toughness NN 12299 896 57 of of IN 12299 896 58 the the DT 12299 896 59 wood wood NN 12299 896 60 .... .... . 12299 897 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 897 2 is be VBZ 12299 897 3 true true JJ 12299 897 4 , , , 12299 897 5 however however RB 12299 897 6 , , , 12299 897 7 that that IN 12299 897 8 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 897 9 is be VBZ 12299 897 10 usually usually RB 12299 897 11 more more RBR 12299 897 12 free free JJ 12299 897 13 from from IN 12299 897 14 latent latent NN 12299 897 15 defects defect NNS 12299 897 16 than than IN 12299 897 17 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 897 18 . . . 12299 898 1 " " `` 12299 898 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 898 3 24 24 CD 12299 898 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 898 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 898 6 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 898 7 23 23 CD 12299 898 8 : : : 12299 898 9 Bul Bul NNP 12299 898 10 . . . 12299 899 1 80 80 CD 12299 899 2 : : : 12299 899 3 The the DT 12299 899 4 commercial commercial JJ 12299 899 5 hickories hickory NNS 12299 899 6 , , , 12299 899 7 p. p. NN 12299 900 1 50 50 CD 12299 900 2 . . . 12299 900 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 901 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 901 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 901 3 24 24 CD 12299 901 4 : : : 12299 901 5 _ _ NNP 12299 901 6 Loc Loc NNP 12299 901 7 . . . 12299 902 1 cit cit NNP 12299 902 2 . . . 12299 902 3 _ _ NNP 12299 902 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 902 5 Specifications specification NNS 12299 902 6 for for IN 12299 902 7 paving pave VBG 12299 902 8 blocks block NNS 12299 902 9 often often RB 12299 902 10 require require VBP 12299 902 11 that that IN 12299 902 12 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 902 13 pine pine NN 12299 902 14 be be VB 12299 902 15 90 90 CD 12299 902 16 per per IN 12299 902 17 cent cent NN 12299 902 18 heart heart NN 12299 902 19 . . . 12299 903 1 This this DT 12299 903 2 is be VBZ 12299 903 3 on on IN 12299 903 4 the the DT 12299 903 5 belief belief NN 12299 903 6 that that IN 12299 903 7 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 903 8 is be VBZ 12299 903 9 not not RB 12299 903 10 only only RB 12299 903 11 more more RBR 12299 903 12 subject subject JJ 12299 903 13 to to IN 12299 903 14 decay decay NN 12299 903 15 , , , 12299 903 16 but but CC 12299 903 17 is be VBZ 12299 903 18 also also RB 12299 903 19 weaker weak JJR 12299 903 20 than than IN 12299 903 21 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 903 22 . . . 12299 904 1 In in IN 12299 904 2 reality reality NN 12299 904 3 there there EX 12299 904 4 is be VBZ 12299 904 5 no no DT 12299 904 6 sound sound JJ 12299 904 7 basis basis NN 12299 904 8 for for IN 12299 904 9 discrimination discrimination NN 12299 904 10 against against IN 12299 904 11 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 904 12 on on IN 12299 904 13 account account NN 12299 904 14 of of IN 12299 904 15 strength strength NN 12299 904 16 , , , 12299 904 17 provided provide VBD 12299 904 18 other other JJ 12299 904 19 conditions condition NNS 12299 904 20 are be VBP 12299 904 21 equal equal JJ 12299 904 22 . . . 12299 905 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 905 2 is be VBZ 12299 905 3 true true JJ 12299 905 4 that that IN 12299 905 5 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 905 6 will will MD 12299 905 7 not not RB 12299 905 8 resist resist VB 12299 905 9 decay decay NN 12299 905 10 as as RB 12299 905 11 long long RB 12299 905 12 as as IN 12299 905 13 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 905 14 , , , 12299 905 15 if if IN 12299 905 16 both both DT 12299 905 17 are be VBP 12299 905 18 untreated untreated JJ 12299 905 19 with with IN 12299 905 20 preservatives preservative NNS 12299 905 21 . . . 12299 906 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 906 2 is be VBZ 12299 906 3 especially especially RB 12299 906 4 so so RB 12299 906 5 of of IN 12299 906 6 woods wood NNS 12299 906 7 with with IN 12299 906 8 deep deep JJ 12299 906 9 - - HYPH 12299 906 10 colored colored JJ 12299 906 11 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 906 12 , , , 12299 906 13 and and CC 12299 906 14 is be VBZ 12299 906 15 due due JJ 12299 906 16 to to IN 12299 906 17 infiltrations infiltration NNS 12299 906 18 of of IN 12299 906 19 tannins tannin NNS 12299 906 20 , , , 12299 906 21 oils oil NNS 12299 906 22 , , , 12299 906 23 and and CC 12299 906 24 resins resin NNS 12299 906 25 , , , 12299 906 26 which which WDT 12299 906 27 make make VBP 12299 906 28 the the DT 12299 906 29 wood wood NN 12299 906 30 more more RBR 12299 906 31 or or CC 12299 906 32 less less RBR 12299 906 33 obnoxious obnoxious JJ 12299 906 34 to to TO 12299 906 35 decay decay VB 12299 906 36 - - HYPH 12299 906 37 producing produce VBG 12299 906 38 fungi fungi NN 12299 906 39 . . . 12299 907 1 If if IN 12299 907 2 , , , 12299 907 3 however however RB 12299 907 4 , , , 12299 907 5 the the DT 12299 907 6 timbers timber NNS 12299 907 7 are be VBP 12299 907 8 to to TO 12299 907 9 be be VB 12299 907 10 treated treat VBN 12299 907 11 , , , 12299 907 12 sapwood sapwood VBN 12299 907 13 is be VBZ 12299 907 14 not not RB 12299 907 15 a a DT 12299 907 16 defect defect NN 12299 907 17 ; ; : 12299 907 18 in in IN 12299 907 19 fact fact NN 12299 907 20 , , , 12299 907 21 because because IN 12299 907 22 of of IN 12299 907 23 the the DT 12299 907 24 relative relative JJ 12299 907 25 ease ease NN 12299 907 26 with with IN 12299 907 27 which which WDT 12299 907 28 it -PRON- PRP 12299 907 29 can can MD 12299 907 30 be be VB 12299 907 31 impregnated impregnate VBN 12299 907 32 with with IN 12299 907 33 preservatives preservative NNS 12299 907 34 it -PRON- PRP 12299 907 35 may may MD 12299 907 36 be be VB 12299 907 37 made make VBN 12299 907 38 more more RBR 12299 907 39 desirable desirable JJ 12299 907 40 than than IN 12299 907 41 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 907 42 . . . 12299 908 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 908 2 25 25 CD 12299 908 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 908 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 908 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 908 6 25 25 CD 12299 908 7 : : : 12299 908 8 Although although IN 12299 908 9 the the DT 12299 908 10 factor factor NN 12299 908 11 of of IN 12299 908 12 heart heart NN 12299 908 13 or or CC 12299 908 14 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 908 15 does do VBZ 12299 908 16 not not RB 12299 908 17 influence influence VB 12299 908 18 the the DT 12299 908 19 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 908 20 properties property NNS 12299 908 21 of of IN 12299 908 22 the the DT 12299 908 23 wood wood NN 12299 908 24 and and CC 12299 908 25 there there EX 12299 908 26 is be VBZ 12299 908 27 usually usually RB 12299 908 28 no no DT 12299 908 29 difference difference NN 12299 908 30 in in IN 12299 908 31 structure structure NN 12299 908 32 observable observable JJ 12299 908 33 under under IN 12299 908 34 the the DT 12299 908 35 microscope microscope NN 12299 908 36 , , , 12299 908 37 nevertheless nevertheless RB 12299 908 38 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 908 39 is be VBZ 12299 908 40 generally generally RB 12299 908 41 decidedly decidedly RB 12299 908 42 different different JJ 12299 908 43 from from IN 12299 908 44 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 908 45 in in IN 12299 908 46 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 908 47 physical physical JJ 12299 908 48 properties property NNS 12299 908 49 . . . 12299 909 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 909 2 dries dry VBZ 12299 909 3 better well JJR 12299 909 4 and and CC 12299 909 5 more more RBR 12299 909 6 easily easily RB 12299 909 7 than than IN 12299 909 8 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 909 9 , , , 12299 909 10 usually usually RB 12299 909 11 with with IN 12299 909 12 less less JJR 12299 909 13 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 909 14 and and CC 12299 909 15 little little JJ 12299 909 16 checking checking NN 12299 909 17 or or CC 12299 909 18 honeycombing honeycombing NN 12299 909 19 . . . 12299 910 1 This this DT 12299 910 2 is be VBZ 12299 910 3 especially especially RB 12299 910 4 the the DT 12299 910 5 case case NN 12299 910 6 with with IN 12299 910 7 the the DT 12299 910 8 more more RBR 12299 910 9 refractory refractory JJ 12299 910 10 woods wood NNS 12299 910 11 , , , 12299 910 12 such such JJ 12299 910 13 as as IN 12299 910 14 white white JJ 12299 910 15 oaks oak NNS 12299 910 16 and and CC 12299 910 17 _ _ NNP 12299 910 18 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus NNP 12299 910 19 globulus globulus JJ 12299 910 20 _ _ NNP 12299 910 21 and and CC 12299 910 22 _ _ NNP 12299 910 23 viminalis viminalis NN 12299 910 24 _ _ NNP 12299 910 25 . . . 12299 911 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 911 2 is be VBZ 12299 911 3 usually usually RB 12299 911 4 much much RB 12299 911 5 more more RBR 12299 911 6 permeable permeable JJ 12299 911 7 to to IN 12299 911 8 air air NN 12299 911 9 , , , 12299 911 10 even even RB 12299 911 11 in in IN 12299 911 12 green green JJ 12299 911 13 wood wood NN 12299 911 14 , , , 12299 911 15 notably notably RB 12299 911 16 so so RB 12299 911 17 in in IN 12299 911 18 loblolly loblolly RB 12299 911 19 pine pine JJ 12299 911 20 and and CC 12299 911 21 even even RB 12299 911 22 in in IN 12299 911 23 white white NNP 12299 911 24 oak oak NNP 12299 911 25 . . . 12299 912 1 As as IN 12299 912 2 already already RB 12299 912 3 stated state VBN 12299 912 4 , , , 12299 912 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 912 6 is be VBZ 12299 912 7 much much RB 12299 912 8 more more JJR 12299 912 9 subject subject JJ 12299 912 10 to to IN 12299 912 11 decay decay NN 12299 912 12 . . . 12299 913 1 The the DT 12299 913 2 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 913 3 of of IN 12299 913 4 white white JJ 12299 913 5 oak oak NNP 12299 913 6 may may MD 12299 913 7 be be VB 12299 913 8 impregnated impregnate VBN 12299 913 9 with with IN 12299 913 10 creosote creosote NN 12299 913 11 with with IN 12299 913 12 comparative comparative JJ 12299 913 13 ease ease NN 12299 913 14 , , , 12299 913 15 while while IN 12299 913 16 the the DT 12299 913 17 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 913 18 is be VBZ 12299 913 19 practically practically RB 12299 913 20 impenetrable impenetrable JJ 12299 913 21 . . . 12299 914 1 These these DT 12299 914 2 facts fact NNS 12299 914 3 indicate indicate VBP 12299 914 4 a a DT 12299 914 5 difference difference NN 12299 914 6 in in IN 12299 914 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 914 8 chemical chemical NN 12299 914 9 nature.--H.D. nature.--H.D. NNS 12299 915 1 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 915 2 . . . 12299 915 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 916 1 In in IN 12299 916 2 specifications specification NNS 12299 916 3 for for IN 12299 916 4 structural structural JJ 12299 916 5 timbers timber NNS 12299 916 6 reference reference NN 12299 916 7 is be VBZ 12299 916 8 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 916 9 made make VBN 12299 916 10 to to TO 12299 916 11 " " `` 12299 916 12 boxheart boxheart NN 12299 916 13 , , , 12299 916 14 " " '' 12299 916 15 meaning mean VBG 12299 916 16 the the DT 12299 916 17 inclusion inclusion NN 12299 916 18 of of IN 12299 916 19 the the DT 12299 916 20 pith pith NNP 12299 916 21 or or CC 12299 916 22 centre centre NN 12299 916 23 of of IN 12299 916 24 the the DT 12299 916 25 tree tree NN 12299 916 26 within within IN 12299 916 27 a a DT 12299 916 28 cross cross NN 12299 916 29 section section NN 12299 916 30 of of IN 12299 916 31 the the DT 12299 916 32 timber timber NN 12299 916 33 . . . 12299 917 1 From from IN 12299 917 2 numerous numerous JJ 12299 917 3 experiments experiment NNS 12299 917 4 it -PRON- PRP 12299 917 5 appears appear VBZ 12299 917 6 that that IN 12299 917 7 the the DT 12299 917 8 position position NN 12299 917 9 of of IN 12299 917 10 the the DT 12299 917 11 pith pith NNP 12299 917 12 does do VBZ 12299 917 13 not not RB 12299 917 14 bear bear VB 12299 917 15 any any DT 12299 917 16 relation relation NN 12299 917 17 to to IN 12299 917 18 the the DT 12299 917 19 strength strength NN 12299 917 20 of of IN 12299 917 21 the the DT 12299 917 22 material material NN 12299 917 23 . . . 12299 918 1 Since since IN 12299 918 2 most most JJS 12299 918 3 season season NN 12299 918 4 checks check NNS 12299 918 5 , , , 12299 918 6 however however RB 12299 918 7 , , , 12299 918 8 are be VBP 12299 918 9 radial radial JJ 12299 918 10 , , , 12299 918 11 the the DT 12299 918 12 position position NN 12299 918 13 of of IN 12299 918 14 the the DT 12299 918 15 pith pith NNP 12299 918 16 may may MD 12299 918 17 influence influence VB 12299 918 18 the the DT 12299 918 19 resistance resistance NN 12299 918 20 of of IN 12299 918 21 a a DT 12299 918 22 seasoned seasoned JJ 12299 918 23 beam beam NN 12299 918 24 to to IN 12299 918 25 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 918 26 shear shear NN 12299 918 27 , , , 12299 918 28 being be VBG 12299 918 29 greatest great JJS 12299 918 30 when when WRB 12299 918 31 the the DT 12299 918 32 pith pith NNP 12299 918 33 is be VBZ 12299 918 34 located locate VBN 12299 918 35 in in IN 12299 918 36 the the DT 12299 918 37 middle middle JJ 12299 918 38 half half NN 12299 918 39 of of IN 12299 918 40 the the DT 12299 918 41 section section NN 12299 918 42 . . . 12299 919 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 919 2 26 26 CD 12299 919 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 919 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 919 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 919 6 26 26 CD 12299 919 7 : : : 12299 919 8 Bul Bul NNP 12299 919 9 . . . 12299 920 1 108 108 CD 12299 920 2 , , , 12299 920 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 920 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 920 5 Service Service NNP 12299 920 6 , , , 12299 920 7 p. p. NN 12299 921 1 36 36 CD 12299 921 2 . . . 12299 921 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 922 1 WEIGHT WEIGHT NNP 12299 922 2 , , , 12299 922 3 DENSITY density NN 12299 922 4 , , , 12299 922 5 AND and CC 12299 922 6 SPECIFIC SPECIFIC VBD 12299 922 7 GRAVITY GRAVITY NNP 12299 922 8 From from IN 12299 922 9 data datum NNS 12299 922 10 obtained obtain VBN 12299 922 11 from from IN 12299 922 12 a a DT 12299 922 13 large large JJ 12299 922 14 number number NN 12299 922 15 of of IN 12299 922 16 tests test NNS 12299 922 17 on on IN 12299 922 18 the the DT 12299 922 19 strength strength NN 12299 922 20 of of IN 12299 922 21 different different JJ 12299 922 22 woods wood NNS 12299 922 23 it -PRON- PRP 12299 922 24 appears appear VBZ 12299 922 25 that that IN 12299 922 26 , , , 12299 922 27 other other JJ 12299 922 28 things thing NNS 12299 922 29 being be VBG 12299 922 30 equal equal JJ 12299 922 31 , , , 12299 922 32 the the DT 12299 922 33 crushing crush VBG 12299 922 34 strength strength NN 12299 922 35 parallel parallel NN 12299 922 36 to to IN 12299 922 37 the the DT 12299 922 38 grain grain NN 12299 922 39 , , , 12299 922 40 fibre fibre NN 12299 922 41 stress stress NN 12299 922 42 at at IN 12299 922 43 elastic elastic JJ 12299 922 44 limit limit NN 12299 922 45 in in IN 12299 922 46 bending bending NN 12299 922 47 , , , 12299 922 48 and and CC 12299 922 49 shearing shear VBG 12299 922 50 strength strength NN 12299 922 51 along along IN 12299 922 52 the the DT 12299 922 53 grain grain NN 12299 922 54 of of IN 12299 922 55 wood wood NN 12299 922 56 vary vary VBP 12299 922 57 in in IN 12299 922 58 direct direct JJ 12299 922 59 proportion proportion NN 12299 922 60 to to IN 12299 922 61 the the DT 12299 922 62 weight weight NN 12299 922 63 of of IN 12299 922 64 dry dry JJ 12299 922 65 wood wood NN 12299 922 66 per per IN 12299 922 67 unit unit NN 12299 922 68 of of IN 12299 922 69 volume volume NN 12299 922 70 when when WRB 12299 922 71 green green JJ 12299 922 72 . . . 12299 923 1 Other other JJ 12299 923 2 strength strength NN 12299 923 3 values value NNS 12299 923 4 follow follow VBP 12299 923 5 different different JJ 12299 923 6 laws law NNS 12299 923 7 . . . 12299 924 1 The the DT 12299 924 2 hardness hardness JJ 12299 924 3 varies vary VBZ 12299 924 4 in in IN 12299 924 5 a a DT 12299 924 6 slightly slightly RB 12299 924 7 greater great JJR 12299 924 8 ratio ratio NN 12299 924 9 than than IN 12299 924 10 the the DT 12299 924 11 square square NN 12299 924 12 of of IN 12299 924 13 the the DT 12299 924 14 density density NN 12299 924 15 . . . 12299 925 1 The the DT 12299 925 2 work work NN 12299 925 3 to to IN 12299 925 4 the the DT 12299 925 5 breaking breaking NN 12299 925 6 point point NN 12299 925 7 increases increase NNS 12299 925 8 even even RB 12299 925 9 more more RBR 12299 925 10 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 925 11 than than IN 12299 925 12 the the DT 12299 925 13 cube cube NN 12299 925 14 of of IN 12299 925 15 density density NN 12299 925 16 . . . 12299 926 1 The the DT 12299 926 2 modulus modulus NN 12299 926 3 of of IN 12299 926 4 rupture rupture NN 12299 926 5 in in IN 12299 926 6 bending bend VBG 12299 926 7 lies lie NNS 12299 926 8 between between IN 12299 926 9 the the DT 12299 926 10 first first JJ 12299 926 11 power power NN 12299 926 12 and and CC 12299 926 13 the the DT 12299 926 14 square square NN 12299 926 15 of of IN 12299 926 16 the the DT 12299 926 17 density density NN 12299 926 18 . . . 12299 927 1 This this DT 12299 927 2 , , , 12299 927 3 of of IN 12299 927 4 course course NN 12299 927 5 , , , 12299 927 6 is be VBZ 12299 927 7 true true JJ 12299 927 8 only only RB 12299 927 9 in in IN 12299 927 10 case case NN 12299 927 11 the the DT 12299 927 12 greater great JJR 12299 927 13 weight weight NN 12299 927 14 is be VBZ 12299 927 15 due due JJ 12299 927 16 to to TO 12299 927 17 increase increase VB 12299 927 18 in in IN 12299 927 19 the the DT 12299 927 20 amount amount NN 12299 927 21 of of IN 12299 927 22 wood wood NN 12299 927 23 substance substance NN 12299 927 24 . . . 12299 928 1 A a DT 12299 928 2 wood wood NN 12299 928 3 heavy heavy JJ 12299 928 4 with with IN 12299 928 5 resin resin NN 12299 928 6 or or CC 12299 928 7 other other JJ 12299 928 8 infiltrated infiltrate VBN 12299 928 9 substance substance NN 12299 928 10 is be VBZ 12299 928 11 not not RB 12299 928 12 necessarily necessarily RB 12299 928 13 stronger strong JJR 12299 928 14 than than IN 12299 928 15 a a DT 12299 928 16 similar similar JJ 12299 928 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 928 18 free free JJ 12299 928 19 from from IN 12299 928 20 such such JJ 12299 928 21 materials material NNS 12299 928 22 . . . 12299 929 1 If if IN 12299 929 2 differences difference NNS 12299 929 3 in in IN 12299 929 4 weight weight NN 12299 929 5 are be VBP 12299 929 6 due due JJ 12299 929 7 to to IN 12299 929 8 degree degree NN 12299 929 9 of of IN 12299 929 10 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 929 11 , , , 12299 929 12 in in IN 12299 929 13 other other JJ 12299 929 14 words word NNS 12299 929 15 , , , 12299 929 16 to to IN 12299 929 17 the the DT 12299 929 18 relative relative JJ 12299 929 19 amounts amount NNS 12299 929 20 of of IN 12299 929 21 water water NN 12299 929 22 contained contain VBN 12299 929 23 , , , 12299 929 24 the the DT 12299 929 25 rules rule NNS 12299 929 26 given give VBN 12299 929 27 above above RB 12299 929 28 will will MD 12299 929 29 of of IN 12299 929 30 course course NN 12299 929 31 not not RB 12299 929 32 hold hold VB 12299 929 33 , , , 12299 929 34 since since IN 12299 929 35 strength strength NN 12299 929 36 increases increase NNS 12299 929 37 with with IN 12299 929 38 dryness dryness NN 12299 929 39 . . . 12299 930 1 But but CC 12299 930 2 of of IN 12299 930 3 given give VBN 12299 930 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 930 5 of of IN 12299 930 6 pine pine NN 12299 930 7 or or CC 12299 930 8 of of IN 12299 930 9 oak oak NN 12299 930 10 , , , 12299 930 11 for for IN 12299 930 12 example example NN 12299 930 13 , , , 12299 930 14 in in IN 12299 930 15 the the DT 12299 930 16 green green JJ 12299 930 17 condition condition NN 12299 930 18 , , , 12299 930 19 the the DT 12299 930 20 comparative comparative JJ 12299 930 21 strength strength NN 12299 930 22 may may MD 12299 930 23 be be VB 12299 930 24 inferred infer VBN 12299 930 25 from from IN 12299 930 26 the the DT 12299 930 27 weight weight NN 12299 930 28 . . . 12299 931 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 931 2 is be VBZ 12299 931 3 not not RB 12299 931 4 permissible permissible JJ 12299 931 5 , , , 12299 931 6 however however RB 12299 931 7 , , , 12299 931 8 to to TO 12299 931 9 compare compare VB 12299 931 10 such such JJ 12299 931 11 widely widely RB 12299 931 12 different different JJ 12299 931 13 woods wood NNS 12299 931 14 as as IN 12299 931 15 oak oak NN 12299 931 16 and and CC 12299 931 17 pine pine VB 12299 931 18 on on IN 12299 931 19 a a DT 12299 931 20 basis basis NN 12299 931 21 of of IN 12299 931 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 931 23 weights weight NNS 12299 931 24 . . . 12299 932 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 932 2 27 27 CD 12299 932 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 932 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 932 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 932 6 27 27 CD 12299 932 7 : : : 12299 932 8 The the DT 12299 932 9 oaks oak NNS 12299 932 10 for for IN 12299 932 11 some some DT 12299 932 12 unknown unknown JJ 12299 932 13 reason reason NN 12299 932 14 fall fall NN 12299 932 15 below below IN 12299 932 16 the the DT 12299 932 17 normal normal JJ 12299 932 18 strength strength NN 12299 932 19 for for IN 12299 932 20 weight weight NN 12299 932 21 , , , 12299 932 22 whereas whereas IN 12299 932 23 the the DT 12299 932 24 hickories hickory NNS 12299 932 25 rise rise VBP 12299 932 26 above above RB 12299 932 27 . . . 12299 933 1 Certain certain JJ 12299 933 2 other other JJ 12299 933 3 woods wood NNS 12299 933 4 also also RB 12299 933 5 are be VBP 12299 933 6 somewhat somewhat RB 12299 933 7 exceptional exceptional JJ 12299 933 8 to to IN 12299 933 9 the the DT 12299 933 10 normal normal JJ 12299 933 11 relation relation NN 12299 933 12 of of IN 12299 933 13 strength strength NN 12299 933 14 and and CC 12299 933 15 density density NN 12299 933 16 . . . 12299 933 17 ] ] -RRB- 12299 934 1 The the DT 12299 934 2 weight weight NN 12299 934 3 of of IN 12299 934 4 wood wood NN 12299 934 5 substance substance NN 12299 934 6 , , , 12299 934 7 that that RB 12299 934 8 is is RB 12299 934 9 , , , 12299 934 10 the the DT 12299 934 11 material material NN 12299 934 12 which which WDT 12299 934 13 composes compose VBZ 12299 934 14 the the DT 12299 934 15 walls wall NNS 12299 934 16 of of IN 12299 934 17 the the DT 12299 934 18 fibres fibre NNS 12299 934 19 and and CC 12299 934 20 other other JJ 12299 934 21 cells cell NNS 12299 934 22 , , , 12299 934 23 is be VBZ 12299 934 24 practically practically RB 12299 934 25 the the DT 12299 934 26 same same JJ 12299 934 27 in in IN 12299 934 28 all all DT 12299 934 29 species specie NNS 12299 934 30 , , , 12299 934 31 whether whether IN 12299 934 32 pine pine JJ 12299 934 33 , , , 12299 934 34 hickory hickory JJ 12299 934 35 , , , 12299 934 36 or or CC 12299 934 37 cottonwood cottonwood NN 12299 934 38 , , , 12299 934 39 being be VBG 12299 934 40 a a DT 12299 934 41 little little RB 12299 934 42 greater great JJR 12299 934 43 than than IN 12299 934 44 half half NN 12299 934 45 again again RB 12299 934 46 as as RB 12299 934 47 heavy heavy JJ 12299 934 48 as as IN 12299 934 49 water water NN 12299 934 50 . . . 12299 935 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 935 2 varies vary VBZ 12299 935 3 slightly slightly RB 12299 935 4 from from IN 12299 935 5 beech beech NNP 12299 935 6 sapwood sapwood NNP 12299 935 7 , , , 12299 935 8 1.50 1.50 CD 12299 935 9 , , , 12299 935 10 to to IN 12299 935 11 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 935 12 fir fir NN 12299 935 13 heartwood heartwood NNP 12299 935 14 , , , 12299 935 15 1.57 1.57 CD 12299 935 16 , , , 12299 935 17 averaging average VBG 12299 935 18 about about IN 12299 935 19 1.55 1.55 CD 12299 935 20 at at IN 12299 935 21 30 30â CD 12299 935 22 ° ° NNS 12299 935 23 to to IN 12299 935 24 35 35 NNP 12299 935 25 ° ° , 12299 935 26 C. C. NNP 12299 935 27 , , , 12299 935 28 in in IN 12299 935 29 terms term NNS 12299 935 30 of of IN 12299 935 31 water water NN 12299 935 32 at at IN 12299 935 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 935 34 greatest great JJS 12299 935 35 density density NN 12299 935 36 4 4â NN 12299 935 37 ° ° , 12299 935 38 C. C. NNP 12299 935 39 The the DT 12299 935 40 reason reason NN 12299 935 41 any any DT 12299 935 42 wood wood NN 12299 935 43 floats float VBZ 12299 935 44 is be VBZ 12299 935 45 that that IN 12299 935 46 the the DT 12299 935 47 air air NN 12299 935 48 imprisoned imprison VBN 12299 935 49 in in IN 12299 935 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 935 51 cavities cavity NNS 12299 935 52 buoys buoy VBZ 12299 935 53 it -PRON- PRP 12299 935 54 up up RP 12299 935 55 . . . 12299 936 1 When when WRB 12299 936 2 this this DT 12299 936 3 is be VBZ 12299 936 4 displaced displace VBN 12299 936 5 by by IN 12299 936 6 water water NN 12299 936 7 the the DT 12299 936 8 wood wood NN 12299 936 9 becomes become VBZ 12299 936 10 water water NN 12299 936 11 - - HYPH 12299 936 12 logged log VBN 12299 936 13 and and CC 12299 936 14 sinks sink NNS 12299 936 15 . . . 12299 937 1 Leaving leave VBG 12299 937 2 out out IN 12299 937 3 of of IN 12299 937 4 consideration consideration NN 12299 937 5 infiltrated infiltrate VBN 12299 937 6 substances substance NNS 12299 937 7 , , , 12299 937 8 the the DT 12299 937 9 reason reason NN 12299 937 10 a a DT 12299 937 11 cubic cubic JJ 12299 937 12 foot foot NN 12299 937 13 of of IN 12299 937 14 one one CD 12299 937 15 kind kind NN 12299 937 16 of of IN 12299 937 17 dry dry JJ 12299 937 18 wood wood NN 12299 937 19 is be VBZ 12299 937 20 heavier heavy JJR 12299 937 21 than than IN 12299 937 22 that that DT 12299 937 23 of of IN 12299 937 24 another another DT 12299 937 25 is be VBZ 12299 937 26 because because IN 12299 937 27 it -PRON- PRP 12299 937 28 contains contain VBZ 12299 937 29 a a DT 12299 937 30 greater great JJR 12299 937 31 amount amount NN 12299 937 32 of of IN 12299 937 33 wood wood NN 12299 937 34 substance substance NN 12299 937 35 . . . 12299 938 1 ~Density~ ~Density~ NFP 12299 938 2 is be VBZ 12299 938 3 merely merely RB 12299 938 4 the the DT 12299 938 5 weight weight NN 12299 938 6 of of IN 12299 938 7 a a DT 12299 938 8 unit unit NN 12299 938 9 of of IN 12299 938 10 volume volume NN 12299 938 11 , , , 12299 938 12 as as IN 12299 938 13 35 35 CD 12299 938 14 pounds pound NNS 12299 938 15 per per IN 12299 938 16 cubic cubic JJ 12299 938 17 foot foot NN 12299 938 18 , , , 12299 938 19 or or CC 12299 938 20 0.56 0.56 CD 12299 938 21 grams gram NNS 12299 938 22 per per IN 12299 938 23 cubic cubic JJ 12299 938 24 centimetre centimetre NN 12299 938 25 . . . 12299 939 1 ~Specific ~Specific : 12299 939 2 gravity~ gravity~ NN 12299 939 3 or or CC 12299 939 4 relative relative JJ 12299 939 5 density density NN 12299 939 6 is be VBZ 12299 939 7 the the DT 12299 939 8 ratio ratio NN 12299 939 9 of of IN 12299 939 10 the the DT 12299 939 11 density density NN 12299 939 12 of of IN 12299 939 13 any any DT 12299 939 14 material material NN 12299 939 15 to to IN 12299 939 16 the the DT 12299 939 17 density density NN 12299 939 18 of of IN 12299 939 19 distilled distilled JJ 12299 939 20 water water NN 12299 939 21 at at IN 12299 939 22 4 4 NNP 12299 939 23 ° ° NNP 12299 939 24 C. C. NNP 12299 939 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 939 26 39.2 39.2â CD 12299 939 27 ° ° , 12299 939 28 F. F. NNP 12299 939 29 ) ) -RRB- 12299 939 30 . . . 12299 940 1 A a DT 12299 940 2 cubic cubic JJ 12299 940 3 foot foot NN 12299 940 4 of of IN 12299 940 5 distilled distilled JJ 12299 940 6 water water NN 12299 940 7 at at IN 12299 940 8 4 4 NNP 12299 940 9 ° ° NNP 12299 940 10 C. C. NNP 12299 940 11 weighs weigh VBZ 12299 940 12 62.43 62.43 CD 12299 940 13 pounds pound NNS 12299 940 14 . . . 12299 941 1 Hence hence RB 12299 941 2 the the DT 12299 941 3 specific specific JJ 12299 941 4 gravity gravity NN 12299 941 5 of of IN 12299 941 6 a a DT 12299 941 7 piece piece NN 12299 941 8 of of IN 12299 941 9 wood wood NN 12299 941 10 with with IN 12299 941 11 a a DT 12299 941 12 density density NN 12299 941 13 of of IN 12299 941 14 35 35 CD 12299 941 15 pounds pound NNS 12299 941 16 is be VBZ 12299 941 17 35 35 CD 12299 941 18 / / SYM 12299 941 19 62.43 62.43 CD 12299 941 20 = = SYM 12299 941 21 0.561 0.561 CD 12299 941 22 . . . 12299 942 1 To to TO 12299 942 2 find find VB 12299 942 3 the the DT 12299 942 4 weight weight NN 12299 942 5 per per IN 12299 942 6 cubic cubic JJ 12299 942 7 foot foot NN 12299 942 8 when when WRB 12299 942 9 the the DT 12299 942 10 specific specific JJ 12299 942 11 gravity gravity NN 12299 942 12 is be VBZ 12299 942 13 given give VBN 12299 942 14 , , , 12299 942 15 simply simply RB 12299 942 16 multiply multiply VB 12299 942 17 by by IN 12299 942 18 62.43 62.43 CD 12299 942 19 . . . 12299 943 1 Thus thus RB 12299 943 2 , , , 12299 943 3 0.561 0.561 CD 12299 943 4 X x NN 12299 943 5 62.43 62.43 CD 12299 943 6 = = SYM 12299 943 7 35 35 CD 12299 943 8 . . . 12299 944 1 In in IN 12299 944 2 the the DT 12299 944 3 metric metric JJ 12299 944 4 system system NN 12299 944 5 , , , 12299 944 6 since since IN 12299 944 7 the the DT 12299 944 8 weight weight NN 12299 944 9 of of IN 12299 944 10 a a DT 12299 944 11 cubic cubic JJ 12299 944 12 centimetre centimetre NN 12299 944 13 of of IN 12299 944 14 pure pure JJ 12299 944 15 water water NN 12299 944 16 is be VBZ 12299 944 17 one one CD 12299 944 18 gram gram NN 12299 944 19 , , , 12299 944 20 the the DT 12299 944 21 density density NN 12299 944 22 in in IN 12299 944 23 grams gram NNS 12299 944 24 per per IN 12299 944 25 cubic cubic JJ 12299 944 26 centimetre centimetre NNP 12299 944 27 has have VBZ 12299 944 28 the the DT 12299 944 29 same same JJ 12299 944 30 numerical numerical JJ 12299 944 31 value value NN 12299 944 32 as as IN 12299 944 33 the the DT 12299 944 34 specific specific JJ 12299 944 35 gravity gravity NN 12299 944 36 . . . 12299 945 1 Since since IN 12299 945 2 the the DT 12299 945 3 amount amount NN 12299 945 4 of of IN 12299 945 5 water water NN 12299 945 6 in in IN 12299 945 7 wood wood NN 12299 945 8 is be VBZ 12299 945 9 extremely extremely RB 12299 945 10 variable variable JJ 12299 945 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 945 12 usually usually RB 12299 945 13 is be VBZ 12299 945 14 not not RB 12299 945 15 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 12299 945 16 to to TO 12299 945 17 refer refer VB 12299 945 18 to to IN 12299 945 19 the the DT 12299 945 20 density density NN 12299 945 21 of of IN 12299 945 22 green green JJ 12299 945 23 wood wood NN 12299 945 24 . . . 12299 946 1 For for IN 12299 946 2 scientific scientific JJ 12299 946 3 purposes purpose NNS 12299 946 4 the the DT 12299 946 5 density density NN 12299 946 6 of of IN 12299 946 7 " " `` 12299 946 8 oven oven NNP 12299 946 9 - - HYPH 12299 946 10 dry dry NNP 12299 946 11 " " '' 12299 946 12 wood wood NN 12299 946 13 is be VBZ 12299 946 14 used use VBN 12299 946 15 ; ; : 12299 946 16 that that RB 12299 946 17 is is RB 12299 946 18 , , , 12299 946 19 the the DT 12299 946 20 wood wood NN 12299 946 21 is be VBZ 12299 946 22 dried dry VBN 12299 946 23 in in IN 12299 946 24 an an DT 12299 946 25 oven oven NN 12299 946 26 at at IN 12299 946 27 a a DT 12299 946 28 temperature temperature NN 12299 946 29 of of IN 12299 946 30 100 100â CD 12299 946 31 ° ° NNS 12299 946 32 C C NNP 12299 946 33 . . . 12299 947 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 947 2 212 212â CD 12299 947 3 ° ° , 12299 947 4 F F NNP 12299 947 5 . . . 12299 947 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 948 1 until until IN 12299 948 2 a a DT 12299 948 3 constant constant JJ 12299 948 4 weight weight NN 12299 948 5 is be VBZ 12299 948 6 attained attain VBN 12299 948 7 . . . 12299 949 1 For for IN 12299 949 2 commercial commercial JJ 12299 949 3 purposes purpose NNS 12299 949 4 the the DT 12299 949 5 weight weight NN 12299 949 6 or or CC 12299 949 7 density density NN 12299 949 8 of of IN 12299 949 9 air air NN 12299 949 10 - - HYPH 12299 949 11 dry dry NN 12299 949 12 or or CC 12299 949 13 " " `` 12299 949 14 shipping shipping NN 12299 949 15 - - HYPH 12299 949 16 dry dry JJ 12299 949 17 " " '' 12299 949 18 wood wood NN 12299 949 19 is be VBZ 12299 949 20 used use VBN 12299 949 21 . . . 12299 950 1 This this DT 12299 950 2 is be VBZ 12299 950 3 usually usually RB 12299 950 4 expressed express VBN 12299 950 5 in in IN 12299 950 6 pounds pound NNS 12299 950 7 per per IN 12299 950 8 thousand thousand CD 12299 950 9 board board NN 12299 950 10 feet foot NNS 12299 950 11 , , , 12299 950 12 a a DT 12299 950 13 board board NN 12299 950 14 foot foot NN 12299 950 15 being be VBG 12299 950 16 considered consider VBN 12299 950 17 as as IN 12299 950 18 one one CD 12299 950 19 - - HYPH 12299 950 20 twelfth twelfth NN 12299 950 21 of of IN 12299 950 22 a a DT 12299 950 23 cubic cubic JJ 12299 950 24 foot foot NN 12299 950 25 . . . 12299 951 1 Wood wood NN 12299 951 2 shrinks shrink NNS 12299 951 3 greatly greatly RB 12299 951 4 in in IN 12299 951 5 drying dry VBG 12299 951 6 from from IN 12299 951 7 the the DT 12299 951 8 green green NN 12299 951 9 to to IN 12299 951 10 the the DT 12299 951 11 oven oven RB 12299 951 12 - - HYPH 12299 951 13 dry dry JJ 12299 951 14 condition condition NN 12299 951 15 . . . 12299 952 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 952 2 See see VB 12299 952 3 Table Table NNP 12299 952 4 XIV XIV NNP 12299 952 5 . . . 12299 952 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 953 1 Consequently consequently RB 12299 953 2 a a DT 12299 953 3 block block NN 12299 953 4 of of IN 12299 953 5 wood wood NN 12299 953 6 measuring measure VBG 12299 953 7 a a DT 12299 953 8 cubic cubic JJ 12299 953 9 foot foot NN 12299 953 10 when when WRB 12299 953 11 green green JJ 12299 953 12 will will MD 12299 953 13 measure measure VB 12299 953 14 considerably considerably RB 12299 953 15 less less RBR 12299 953 16 when when WRB 12299 953 17 oven oven NN 12299 953 18 - - HYPH 12299 953 19 dry dry NNP 12299 953 20 . . . 12299 954 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 954 2 follows follow VBZ 12299 954 3 that that IN 12299 954 4 the the DT 12299 954 5 density density NN 12299 954 6 of of IN 12299 954 7 oven oven NNP 12299 954 8 - - HYPH 12299 954 9 dry dry JJ 12299 954 10 wood wood NN 12299 954 11 does do VBZ 12299 954 12 not not RB 12299 954 13 represent represent VB 12299 954 14 the the DT 12299 954 15 weight weight NN 12299 954 16 of of IN 12299 954 17 the the DT 12299 954 18 dry dry JJ 12299 954 19 wood wood NN 12299 954 20 substance substance NN 12299 954 21 in in IN 12299 954 22 a a DT 12299 954 23 cubic cubic JJ 12299 954 24 foot foot NN 12299 954 25 of of IN 12299 954 26 green green JJ 12299 954 27 wood wood NN 12299 954 28 . . . 12299 955 1 In in IN 12299 955 2 other other JJ 12299 955 3 words word NNS 12299 955 4 , , , 12299 955 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 955 6 is be VBZ 12299 955 7 not not RB 12299 955 8 the the DT 12299 955 9 weight weight NN 12299 955 10 of of IN 12299 955 11 a a DT 12299 955 12 cubic cubic JJ 12299 955 13 foot foot NN 12299 955 14 of of IN 12299 955 15 green green JJ 12299 955 16 wood wood NN 12299 955 17 minus minus CC 12299 955 18 the the DT 12299 955 19 weight weight NN 12299 955 20 of of IN 12299 955 21 the the DT 12299 955 22 water water NN 12299 955 23 which which WDT 12299 955 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 955 25 contains contain VBZ 12299 955 26 . . . 12299 956 1 Since since IN 12299 956 2 the the DT 12299 956 3 latter latter NN 12299 956 4 is be VBZ 12299 956 5 often often RB 12299 956 6 a a DT 12299 956 7 more more RBR 12299 956 8 convenient convenient JJ 12299 956 9 figure figure NN 12299 956 10 to to TO 12299 956 11 use use VB 12299 956 12 and and CC 12299 956 13 much much RB 12299 956 14 easier easy JJR 12299 956 15 to to TO 12299 956 16 obtain obtain VB 12299 956 17 than than IN 12299 956 18 the the DT 12299 956 19 weight weight NN 12299 956 20 of of IN 12299 956 21 oven oven NNP 12299 956 22 - - HYPH 12299 956 23 dry dry JJ 12299 956 24 wood wood NN 12299 956 25 , , , 12299 956 26 it -PRON- PRP 12299 956 27 is be VBZ 12299 956 28 commonly commonly RB 12299 956 29 expressed express VBN 12299 956 30 in in IN 12299 956 31 tables table NNS 12299 956 32 of of IN 12299 956 33 " " `` 12299 956 34 specific specific JJ 12299 956 35 gravity gravity NN 12299 956 36 or or CC 12299 956 37 density density NN 12299 956 38 of of IN 12299 956 39 dry dry JJ 12299 956 40 wood wood NN 12299 956 41 . . . 12299 956 42 " " '' 12299 957 1 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 957 2 | | NNP 12299 957 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 957 4 XIV XIV NNP 12299 957 5 | | NNP 12299 957 6 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 957 7 | | NNP 12299 957 8 SPECIFIC SPECIFIC VBN 12299 957 9 GRAVITY GRAVITY NNP 12299 957 10 , , , 12299 957 11 AND and CC 12299 957 12 SHRINKAGE shrinkage NN 12299 957 13 OF of IN 12299 957 14 51 51 CD 12299 957 15 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 12299 957 16 WOODS WOODS NNP 12299 957 17 | | HYPH 12299 957 18 | | NNP 12299 957 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 957 20 Forest Forest NNP 12299 957 21 Service Service NNP 12299 957 22 Cir Cir NNP 12299 957 23 . . . 12299 958 1 213 213 CD 12299 958 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 958 3 | | NNP 12299 958 4 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 958 5 | | NNP 12299 958 6 | | NNP 12299 958 7 | | CD 12299 958 8 Specific specific JJ 12299 958 9 gravity gravity NN 12299 958 10 | | NNP 12299 958 11 Shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 958 12 from from IN 12299 958 13 green green JJ 12299 958 14 to to IN 12299 958 15 | | CD 12299 958 16 | | NNP 12299 958 17 | | NNP 12299 958 18 Mois- Mois- NNP 12299 958 19 | | NNP 12299 958 20 oven oven RB 12299 958 21 - - HYPH 12299 958 22 dry dry NNP 12299 958 23 , , , 12299 958 24 based base VBN 12299 958 25 on on IN 12299 958 26 | | NNP 12299 958 27 oven oven RB 12299 958 28 - - HYPH 12299 958 29 dry dry JJ 12299 958 30 condition condition NN 12299 958 31 | | JJ 12299 958 32 | | CD 12299 958 33 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 958 34 NAME NAME NNP 12299 958 35 | | CD 12299 958 36 ture ture NN 12299 958 37 |--------------------+---------------------------| |--------------------+---------------------------| NNP 12299 958 38 | | NNP 12299 958 39 OF OF NNP 12299 958 40 SPECIES species JJ 12299 958 41 | | CD 12299 958 42 content content NN 12299 958 43 | | NNP 12299 958 44 Volume Volume NNP 12299 958 45 | | NNP 12299 958 46 Volume Volume NNP 12299 958 47 | | NNP 12299 958 48 In In NNP 12299 958 49 | | NNP 12299 958 50 | | NNP 12299 958 51 Tangen- Tangen- NNP 12299 958 52 | | NNP 12299 958 53 | | NNP 12299 958 54 | | CD 12299 958 55 | | NNS 12299 958 56 when when WRB 12299 958 57 | | JJ 12299 958 58 when when WRB 12299 958 59 | | CD 12299 958 60 volume volume NN 12299 958 61 | | NNP 12299 958 62 Radial Radial NNP 12299 958 63 | | NNP 12299 958 64 tial tial JJ 12299 958 65 | | CD 12299 958 66 | | CD 12299 958 67 | | CD 12299 958 68 | | CD 12299 958 69 green green JJ 12299 958 70 | | HYPH 12299 958 71 oven oven RB 12299 958 72 - - HYPH 12299 958 73 dry dry NNP 12299 958 74 | | NNP 12299 958 75 | | NNP 12299 958 76 | | CD 12299 958 77 | | CD 12299 958 78 |-----------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------| |-----------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------| CD 12299 958 79 | | CD 12299 958 80 | | NNP 12299 958 81 Per per IN 12299 958 82 | | NNP 12299 958 83 | | NNP 12299 958 84 | | CD 12299 958 85 Per per IN 12299 958 86 | | CD 12299 958 87 Per per IN 12299 958 88 | | CD 12299 958 89 Per Per NNP 12299 958 90 | | CD 12299 958 91 | | NNP 12299 958 92 | | CD 12299 958 93 cent cent NN 12299 958 94 | | CD 12299 958 95 | | CD 12299 958 96 | | CD 12299 958 97 cent cent NN 12299 958 98 | | HYPH 12299 958 99 cent cent NN 12299 958 100 | | HYPH 12299 958 101 cent cent NN 12299 958 102 | | NNP 12299 958 103 | | NNP 12299 958 104 | | CD 12299 958 105 | | CD 12299 958 106 | | CD 12299 958 107 | | CD 12299 958 108 | | CD 12299 958 109 | | CD 12299 958 110 | | CD 12299 958 111 | | NNP 12299 958 112 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 958 113 | | NNP 12299 958 114 | | NNP 12299 958 115 | | CD 12299 958 116 | | CD 12299 958 117 | | CD 12299 958 118 | | CD 12299 958 119 | | CD 12299 958 120 | | CD 12299 958 121 | | CD 12299 958 122 | | CD 12299 958 123 | | CD 12299 958 124 | | CD 12299 958 125 | | CD 12299 958 126 | | CD 12299 958 127 | | CD 12299 958 128 | | NNS 12299 958 129 Ash Ash NNP 12299 958 130 , , , 12299 958 131 black black JJ 12299 958 132 | | CD 12299 958 133 77 77 CD 12299 958 134 | | CD 12299 958 135 0.466 0.466 CD 12299 958 136 | | CD 12299 958 137 | | CD 12299 958 138 | | CD 12299 958 139 | | CD 12299 958 140 | | CD 12299 958 141 | | CD 12299 958 142 white white JJ 12299 958 143 | | CD 12299 958 144 38 38 CD 12299 958 145 | | CD 12299 958 146 .550 .550 CD 12299 958 147 | | CD 12299 958 148 0.640 0.640 CD 12299 958 149 | | CD 12299 958 150 12.6 12.6 CD 12299 958 151 | | CD 12299 958 152 4.3 4.3 CD 12299 958 153 | | CD 12299 958 154 6.4 6.4 CD 12299 958 155 | | CD 12299 958 156 | | CD 12299 958 157 " " '' 12299 958 158 | | NNP 12299 958 159 47 47 CD 12299 958 160 | | CD 12299 958 161 .516 .516 CD 12299 958 162 | | CD 12299 958 163 .590 .590 CD 12299 958 164 | | CD 12299 958 165 11.7 11.7 CD 12299 958 166 | | CD 12299 958 167 | | CD 12299 958 168 | | CD 12299 958 169 | | CD 12299 958 170 Basswood Basswood NNP 12299 958 171 | | NNP 12299 958 172 110 110 CD 12299 958 173 | | CD 12299 958 174 .315 .315 CD 12299 958 175 | | CD 12299 958 176 .374 .374 CD 12299 958 177 | | CD 12299 958 178 14.5 14.5 CD 12299 958 179 | | CD 12299 958 180 6.2 6.2 CD 12299 958 181 | | CD 12299 958 182 8.4 8.4 CD 12299 958 183 | | CD 12299 958 184 | | NNP 12299 958 185 Beech Beech NNP 12299 958 186 | | CD 12299 958 187 61 61 CD 12299 958 188 | | CD 12299 958 189 .556 .556 CD 12299 958 190 | | CD 12299 958 191 .669 .669 CD 12299 958 192 | | CD 12299 958 193 16.5 16.5 CD 12299 958 194 | | CD 12299 958 195 4.6 4.6 CD 12299 958 196 | | CD 12299 958 197 10.5 10.5 CD 12299 958 198 | | CD 12299 958 199 | | NNP 12299 958 200 Birch Birch NNP 12299 958 201 , , , 12299 958 202 yellow yellow JJ 12299 958 203 | | CD 12299 958 204 72 72 CD 12299 958 205 | | CD 12299 958 206 .545 .545 CD 12299 958 207 | | NNP 12299 958 208 .661 .661 CD 12299 958 209 | | CD 12299 958 210 17.0 17.0 CD 12299 958 211 | | CD 12299 958 212 7.9 7.9 CD 12299 958 213 | | CD 12299 958 214 9.0 9.0 CD 12299 958 215 | | CD 12299 958 216 | | NNP 12299 958 217 Elm elm NN 12299 958 218 , , , 12299 958 219 rock rock NN 12299 958 220 | | CD 12299 958 221 46 46 CD 12299 958 222 | | CD 12299 958 223 .578 .578 CD 12299 958 224 | | CD 12299 958 225 | | CD 12299 958 226 | | CD 12299 958 227 | | CD 12299 958 228 | | CD 12299 958 229 | | CD 12299 958 230 slippery slippery JJ 12299 958 231 | | CD 12299 958 232 57 57 CD 12299 958 233 | | CD 12299 958 234 .541 .541 CD 12299 958 235 | | CD 12299 958 236 .639 .639 CD 12299 958 237 | | CD 12299 958 238 15.5 15.5 CD 12299 958 239 | | CD 12299 958 240 5.1 5.1 CD 12299 958 241 | | CD 12299 958 242 9.9 9.9 CD 12299 958 243 | | CD 12299 958 244 | | CD 12299 958 245 white white JJ 12299 958 246 | | CD 12299 958 247 66 66 CD 12299 958 248 | | CD 12299 958 249 .430 .430 CD 12299 958 250 | | CD 12299 958 251 | | CD 12299 958 252 | | CD 12299 958 253 | | CD 12299 958 254 | | CD 12299 958 255 | | NNP 12299 958 256 Gum Gum NNP 12299 958 257 , , , 12299 958 258 red red JJ 12299 958 259 | | CD 12299 958 260 71 71 CD 12299 958 261 | | CD 12299 958 262 .434 .434 CD 12299 958 263 | | CD 12299 958 264 | | CD 12299 958 265 | | CD 12299 958 266 | | CD 12299 958 267 | | CD 12299 958 268 | | CD 12299 958 269 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 12299 958 270 | | NNP 12299 958 271 50 50 CD 12299 958 272 | | CD 12299 958 273 .504 .504 CD 12299 958 274 | | CD 12299 958 275 .576 .576 CD 12299 958 276 | | CD 12299 958 277 14.0 14.0 CD 12299 958 278 | | CD 12299 958 279 4.2 4.2 CD 12299 958 280 | | CD 12299 958 281 8.9 8.9 CD 12299 958 282 | | CD 12299 958 283 | | NNP 12299 958 284 Hickory Hickory NNP 12299 958 285 , , , 12299 958 286 | | NNP 12299 958 287 | | CD 12299 958 288 | | CD 12299 958 289 | | CD 12299 958 290 | | CD 12299 958 291 | | CD 12299 958 292 | | CD 12299 958 293 | | CD 12299 958 294 big big JJ 12299 958 295 shellbark shellbark NN 12299 958 296 | | CD 12299 958 297 64 64 CD 12299 958 298 | | CD 12299 958 299 .601 .601 CD 12299 958 300 | | CD 12299 958 301 | | CD 12299 958 302 17.6 17.6 CD 12299 958 303 | | CD 12299 958 304 7.4 7.4 CD 12299 958 305 | | CD 12299 958 306 11.2 11.2 CD 12299 958 307 | | CD 12299 958 308 | | CD 12299 958 309 " " '' 12299 958 310 " " '' 12299 958 311 | | CD 12299 958 312 55 55 CD 12299 958 313 | | CD 12299 958 314 .666 .666 CD 12299 958 315 | | CD 12299 958 316 | | CD 12299 958 317 20.9 20.9 CD 12299 958 318 | | CD 12299 958 319 7.9 7.9 CD 12299 958 320 | | CD 12299 958 321 14.2 14.2 CD 12299 958 322 | | CD 12299 958 323 | | NNP 12299 958 324 bitternut bitternut NN 12299 958 325 | | NNP 12299 958 326 65 65 CD 12299 958 327 | | CD 12299 958 328 .624 .624 CD 12299 958 329 | | CD 12299 958 330 | | CD 12299 958 331 | | CD 12299 958 332 | | CD 12299 958 333 | | CD 12299 958 334 | | HYPH 12299 958 335 mockernut mockernut NN 12299 958 336 | | CD 12299 958 337 64 64 CD 12299 958 338 | | CD 12299 958 339 .606 .606 CD 12299 958 340 | | CD 12299 958 341 | | CD 12299 958 342 16.5 16.5 CD 12299 958 343 | | CD 12299 958 344 6.9 6.9 CD 12299 958 345 | | CD 12299 958 346 10.4 10.4 CD 12299 958 347 | | CD 12299 958 348 | | NNP 12299 958 349 " " '' 12299 958 350 | | CD 12299 958 351 57 57 CD 12299 958 352 | | CD 12299 958 353 .662 .662 CD 12299 958 354 | | CD 12299 958 355 | | CD 12299 958 356 18.9 18.9 CD 12299 958 357 | | CD 12299 958 358 8.4 8.4 CD 12299 958 359 | | CD 12299 958 360 11.4 11.4 CD 12299 958 361 | | CD 12299 958 362 | | NNP 12299 958 363 " " '' 12299 958 364 | | CD 12299 958 365 48 48 CD 12299 958 366 | | CD 12299 958 367 .666 .666 CD 12299 958 368 | | CD 12299 958 369 | | NNP 12299 958 370 | | CD 12299 958 371 | | CD 12299 958 372 | | CD 12299 958 373 | | CD 12299 958 374 nutmeg nutmeg NN 12299 958 375 | | NNP 12299 958 376 76 76 CD 12299 958 377 | | CD 12299 958 378 .558 .558 CD 12299 958 379 | | CD 12299 958 380 | | CD 12299 958 381 | | CD 12299 958 382 | | CD 12299 958 383 | | CD 12299 958 384 | | NNP 12299 958 385 pignut pignut NN 12299 958 386 | | CD 12299 958 387 59 59 CD 12299 958 388 | | CD 12299 958 389 .627 .627 CD 12299 958 390 | | CD 12299 958 391 | | CD 12299 958 392 15.0 15.0 CD 12299 958 393 | | CD 12299 958 394 5.6 5.6 CD 12299 958 395 | | CD 12299 958 396 9.8 9.8 CD 12299 958 397 | | CD 12299 958 398 | | CD 12299 958 399 " " '' 12299 958 400 | | CD 12299 958 401 54 54 CD 12299 958 402 | | CD 12299 958 403 .667 .667 CD 12299 958 404 | | CD 12299 958 405 | | CD 12299 958 406 15.3 15.3 CD 12299 958 407 | | CD 12299 958 408 6.3 6.3 CD 12299 958 409 | | CD 12299 958 410 9.5 9.5 CD 12299 958 411 | | CD 12299 958 412 | | CD 12299 958 413 " " '' 12299 958 414 | | CD 12299 958 415 55 55 CD 12299 958 416 | | CD 12299 958 417 .667 .667 CD 12299 958 418 | | CD 12299 958 419 | | CD 12299 958 420 16.9 16.9 CD 12299 958 421 | | CD 12299 958 422 6.8 6.8 CD 12299 958 423 | | CD 12299 958 424 10.9 10.9 CD 12299 958 425 | | CD 12299 958 426 | | CD 12299 958 427 " " '' 12299 958 428 | | CD 12299 958 429 52 52 CD 12299 958 430 | | CD 12299 958 431 .667 .667 CD 12299 958 432 | | CD 12299 958 433 | | CD 12299 958 434 21.2 21.2 CD 12299 958 435 | | CD 12299 958 436 8.5 8.5 CD 12299 958 437 | | CD 12299 958 438 13.8 13.8 CD 12299 958 439 | | CD 12299 958 440 | | CD 12299 958 441 shagbark shagbark NN 12299 958 442 | | CD 12299 958 443 65 65 CD 12299 958 444 | | CD 12299 958 445 .608 .608 CD 12299 958 446 | | CD 12299 958 447 | | CD 12299 958 448 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 958 449 | | CD 12299 958 450 6.5 6.5 CD 12299 958 451 | | CD 12299 958 452 10.2 10.2 CD 12299 958 453 | | CD 12299 958 454 | | CD 12299 958 455 " " '' 12299 958 456 | | NNP 12299 958 457 58 58 CD 12299 958 458 | | CD 12299 958 459 .646 .646 CD 12299 958 460 | | CD 12299 958 461 | | CD 12299 958 462 18.4 18.4 CD 12299 958 463 | | CD 12299 958 464 7.9 7.9 CD 12299 958 465 | | CD 12299 958 466 11.4 11.4 CD 12299 958 467 | | CD 12299 958 468 | | NNP 12299 958 469 " " '' 12299 958 470 | | CD 12299 958 471 64 64 CD 12299 958 472 | | CD 12299 958 473 .617 .617 CD 12299 958 474 | | CD 12299 958 475 | | CD 12299 958 476 | | CD 12299 958 477 | | CD 12299 958 478 | | CD 12299 958 479 | | NNP 12299 958 480 " " '' 12299 958 481 | | NNP 12299 958 482 60 60 CD 12299 958 483 | | CD 12299 958 484 .653 .653 CD 12299 958 485 | | CD 12299 958 486 | | CD 12299 958 487 15.5 15.5 CD 12299 958 488 | | CD 12299 958 489 6.5 6.5 CD 12299 958 490 | | CD 12299 958 491 9.7 9.7 CD 12299 958 492 | | CD 12299 958 493 | | CD 12299 958 494 water water NN 12299 958 495 | | CD 12299 958 496 74 74 CD 12299 958 497 | | CD 12299 958 498 .630 .630 CD 12299 958 499 | | CD 12299 958 500 | | CD 12299 958 501 | | CD 12299 958 502 | | CD 12299 958 503 | | CD 12299 958 504 | | NNP 12299 958 505 Locust Locust NNP 12299 958 506 , , , 12299 958 507 honey honey NN 12299 958 508 | | NNP 12299 958 509 53 53 CD 12299 958 510 | | CD 12299 958 511 .695 .695 CD 12299 958 512 | | NNP 12299 958 513 .759 .759 CD 12299 958 514 | | CD 12299 958 515 8.6 8.6 CD 12299 958 516 | | CD 12299 958 517 | | CD 12299 958 518 | | CD 12299 958 519 | | NNP 12299 958 520 Maple Maple NNP 12299 958 521 , , , 12299 958 522 red red JJ 12299 958 523 | | CD 12299 958 524 69 69 CD 12299 958 525 | | CD 12299 958 526 .512 .512 CD 12299 958 527 | | CD 12299 958 528 | | CD 12299 958 529 | | CD 12299 958 530 | | CD 12299 958 531 | | CD 12299 958 532 | | CD 12299 958 533 sugar sugar NN 12299 958 534 | | NNP 12299 958 535 57 57 CD 12299 958 536 | | CD 12299 958 537 .546 .546 CD 12299 958 538 | | CD 12299 958 539 .643 .643 CD 12299 958 540 | | CD 12299 958 541 14.3 14.3 CD 12299 958 542 | | CD 12299 958 543 4.9 4.9 CD 12299 958 544 | | CD 12299 958 545 9.1 9.1 CD 12299 958 546 | | CD 12299 958 547 | | CD 12299 958 548 " " '' 12299 958 549 | | CD 12299 958 550 56 56 CD 12299 958 551 | | CD 12299 958 552 .577 .577 CD 12299 958 553 | | CD 12299 958 554 | | NNP 12299 958 555 | | CD 12299 958 556 | | CD 12299 958 557 | | CD 12299 958 558 | | NNP 12299 958 559 Oak Oak NNP 12299 958 560 , , , 12299 958 561 post post NNP 12299 958 562 | | NNP 12299 958 563 64 64 CD 12299 958 564 | | CD 12299 958 565 .590 .590 CD 12299 958 566 | | CD 12299 958 567 .732 .732 CD 12299 958 568 | | CD 12299 958 569 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 958 570 | | CD 12299 958 571 5.7 5.7 CD 12299 958 572 | | CD 12299 958 573 10.6 10.6 CD 12299 958 574 | | CD 12299 958 575 | | CD 12299 958 576 red red JJ 12299 958 577 | | CD 12299 958 578 80 80 CD 12299 958 579 | | CD 12299 958 580 .568 .568 CD 12299 958 581 | | CD 12299 958 582 .660 .660 CD 12299 958 583 | | CD 12299 958 584 13.1 13.1 CD 12299 958 585 | | CD 12299 958 586 3.7 3.7 CD 12299 958 587 | | CD 12299 958 588 8.3 8.3 CD 12299 958 589 | | CD 12299 958 590 | | CD 12299 958 591 swamp swamp NN 12299 958 592 white white JJ 12299 958 593 | | CD 12299 958 594 74 74 CD 12299 958 595 | | CD 12299 958 596 .637 .637 CD 12299 958 597 | | CD 12299 958 598 .792 .792 CD 12299 958 599 | | CD 12299 958 600 17.7 17.7 CD 12299 958 601 | | CD 12299 958 602 5.5 5.5 CD 12299 958 603 | | CD 12299 958 604 10.6 10.6 CD 12299 958 605 | | CD 12299 958 606 | | CD 12299 958 607 tanbark tanbark NN 12299 958 608 | | CD 12299 958 609 88 88 CD 12299 958 610 | | CD 12299 958 611 .585 .585 CD 12299 958 612 | | CD 12299 958 613 | | CD 12299 958 614 | | CD 12299 958 615 | | CD 12299 958 616 | | CD 12299 958 617 | | CD 12299 958 618 white white JJ 12299 958 619 | | CD 12299 958 620 58 58 CD 12299 958 621 | | CD 12299 958 622 .594 .594 CD 12299 958 623 | | CD 12299 958 624 .704 .704 CD 12299 958 625 | | CD 12299 958 626 15.8 15.8 CD 12299 958 627 | | CD 12299 958 628 6.2 6.2 CD 12299 958 629 | | CD 12299 958 630 8.3 8.3 CD 12299 958 631 | | CD 12299 958 632 | | CD 12299 958 633 " " '' 12299 958 634 | | CD 12299 958 635 62 62 CD 12299 958 636 | | CD 12299 958 637 .603 .603 CD 12299 958 638 | | CD 12299 958 639 .696 .696 CD 12299 958 640 | | NNP 12299 958 641 14.3 14.3 CD 12299 958 642 | | CD 12299 958 643 4.9 4.9 CD 12299 958 644 | | CD 12299 958 645 9.0 9.0 CD 12299 958 646 | | CD 12299 958 647 | | NNP 12299 958 648 " " '' 12299 958 649 | | NNP 12299 958 650 78 78 CD 12299 958 651 | | CD 12299 958 652 .600 .600 CD 12299 958 653 | | CD 12299 958 654 .708 .708 CD 12299 958 655 | | CD 12299 958 656 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 958 657 | | CD 12299 958 658 4.8 4.8 CD 12299 958 659 | | CD 12299 958 660 9.2 9.2 CD 12299 958 661 | | CD 12299 958 662 | | CD 12299 958 663 yellow yellow JJ 12299 958 664 | | CD 12299 958 665 77 77 CD 12299 958 666 | | CD 12299 958 667 .573 .573 CD 12299 958 668 | | CD 12299 958 669 .669 .669 CD 12299 958 670 | | CD 12299 958 671 14.2 14.2 CD 12299 958 672 | | CD 12299 958 673 4.5 4.5 CD 12299 958 674 | | CD 12299 958 675 9.7 9.7 CD 12299 958 676 | | CD 12299 958 677 | | CD 12299 958 678 " " '' 12299 958 679 | | CD 12299 958 680 80 80 CD 12299 958 681 | | CD 12299 958 682 .550 .550 CD 12299 958 683 | | CD 12299 958 684 | | CD 12299 958 685 | | CD 12299 958 686 | | CD 12299 958 687 | | CD 12299 958 688 | | NNP 12299 958 689 Osage Osage NNP 12299 958 690 orange orange NN 12299 958 691 | | CD 12299 958 692 31 31 CD 12299 958 693 | | CD 12299 958 694 .761 .761 CD 12299 958 695 | | CD 12299 958 696 .838 .838 CD 12299 958 697 | | CD 12299 958 698 8.9 8.9 CD 12299 958 699 | | CD 12299 958 700 | | CD 12299 958 701 | | CD 12299 958 702 | | NNP 12299 958 703 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 12299 958 704 | | NNP 12299 958 705 81 81 CD 12299 958 706 | | CD 12299 958 707 .454 .454 CD 12299 958 708 | | CD 12299 958 709 .526 .526 CD 12299 958 710 | | CD 12299 958 711 13.5 13.5 CD 12299 958 712 | | CD 12299 958 713 5.0 5.0 CD 12299 958 714 | | CD 12299 958 715 7.3 7.3 CD 12299 958 716 | | CD 12299 958 717 | | CD 12299 958 718 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 12299 958 719 | | NNP 12299 958 720 121 121 CD 12299 958 721 | | CD 12299 958 722 .475 .475 CD 12299 958 723 | | CD 12299 958 724 .545 .545 CD 12299 958 725 | | CD 12299 958 726 12.4 12.4 CD 12299 958 727 | | CD 12299 958 728 4.4 4.4 CD 12299 958 729 | | CD 12299 958 730 7.9 7.9 CD 12299 958 731 | | CD 12299 958 732 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 958 733 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 958 734 | | NNP 12299 958 735 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 958 736 XIV XIV NNP 12299 958 737 ( ( -LRB- 12299 958 738 CONT CONT NNP 12299 958 739 . . . 12299 958 740 ) ) -RRB- 12299 959 1 | | NNP 12299 959 2 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 959 3 | | NNP 12299 959 4 SPECIFIC SPECIFIC VBN 12299 959 5 GRAVITY GRAVITY NNP 12299 959 6 , , , 12299 959 7 AND and CC 12299 959 8 SHRINKAGE shrinkage NN 12299 959 9 OF of IN 12299 959 10 51 51 CD 12299 959 11 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 12299 959 12 WOODS WOODS NNP 12299 959 13 | | HYPH 12299 959 14 | | NNP 12299 959 15 ( ( -LRB- 12299 959 16 Forest Forest NNP 12299 959 17 Service Service NNP 12299 959 18 Cir Cir NNP 12299 959 19 . . . 12299 960 1 213 213 CD 12299 960 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 960 3 | | NNP 12299 960 4 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 960 5 | | NNP 12299 960 6 | | NNP 12299 960 7 | | CD 12299 960 8 Specific specific JJ 12299 960 9 gravity gravity NN 12299 960 10 | | NNP 12299 960 11 Shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 960 12 from from IN 12299 960 13 green green JJ 12299 960 14 to to IN 12299 960 15 | | CD 12299 960 16 | | CD 12299 960 17 | | CD 12299 960 18 | | CD 12299 960 19 oven oven RB 12299 960 20 - - HYPH 12299 960 21 dry dry NNP 12299 960 22 , , , 12299 960 23 based base VBN 12299 960 24 on on IN 12299 960 25 | | NNP 12299 960 26 oven oven RB 12299 960 27 - - HYPH 12299 960 28 dry dry JJ 12299 960 29 condition condition NN 12299 960 30 | | JJ 12299 960 31 | | CD 12299 960 32 COMMON COMMON NNP 12299 960 33 NAME NAME NNP 12299 960 34 | | NNP 12299 960 35 |--------------------+---------------------------| |--------------------+---------------------------| NNP 12299 960 36 | | NNP 12299 960 37 OF OF NNP 12299 960 38 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 12299 960 39 | | NNP 12299 960 40 Mois- Mois- NNP 12299 960 41 | | NNP 12299 960 42 Volume Volume NNP 12299 960 43 | | NNP 12299 960 44 Volume Volume NNP 12299 960 45 | | NNP 12299 960 46 In In NNP 12299 960 47 | | NNP 12299 960 48 | | NNP 12299 960 49 Tangen- Tangen- NNP 12299 960 50 | | NNP 12299 960 51 | | NNP 12299 960 52 | | CD 12299 960 53 ture ture NN 12299 960 54 | | NNP 12299 960 55 when when WRB 12299 960 56 | | JJ 12299 960 57 when when WRB 12299 960 58 | | CD 12299 960 59 volume volume NN 12299 960 60 | | NNP 12299 960 61 Radial Radial NNP 12299 960 62 | | NNP 12299 960 63 tial tial JJ 12299 960 64 | | CD 12299 960 65 | | CD 12299 960 66 | | CD 12299 960 67 content content NN 12299 960 68 | | HYPH 12299 960 69 green green JJ 12299 960 70 | | HYPH 12299 960 71 oven oven RB 12299 960 72 - - HYPH 12299 960 73 dry dry NNP 12299 960 74 | | NNP 12299 960 75 | | NNP 12299 960 76 | | CD 12299 960 77 | | CD 12299 960 78 |-----------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------| |-----------------+---------+---------+----------+--------+--------+---------| CD 12299 960 79 | | CD 12299 960 80 | | NNP 12299 960 81 Per per IN 12299 960 82 | | NNP 12299 960 83 | | NNP 12299 960 84 | | CD 12299 960 85 Per per IN 12299 960 86 | | CD 12299 960 87 Per per IN 12299 960 88 | | CD 12299 960 89 Per Per NNP 12299 960 90 | | CD 12299 960 91 | | NNP 12299 960 92 | | CD 12299 960 93 cent cent NN 12299 960 94 | | CD 12299 960 95 | | CD 12299 960 96 | | CD 12299 960 97 cent cent NN 12299 960 98 | | HYPH 12299 960 99 cent cent NN 12299 960 100 | | HYPH 12299 960 101 cent cent NN 12299 960 102 | | NNP 12299 960 103 | | NNP 12299 960 104 | | CD 12299 960 105 | | CD 12299 960 106 | | CD 12299 960 107 | | CD 12299 960 108 | | CD 12299 960 109 | | CD 12299 960 110 | | CD 12299 960 111 | | NNP 12299 960 112 Conifers Conifers NNPS 12299 960 113 | | NNP 12299 960 114 | | NNP 12299 960 115 | | CD 12299 960 116 | | CD 12299 960 117 | | CD 12299 960 118 | | CD 12299 960 119 | | CD 12299 960 120 | | CD 12299 960 121 | | CD 12299 960 122 | | CD 12299 960 123 | | CD 12299 960 124 | | CD 12299 960 125 | | CD 12299 960 126 | | CD 12299 960 127 | | CD 12299 960 128 | | CD 12299 960 129 Arborvità Arborvità NNS 12299 960 130 ¦ ¦ : 12299 960 131 | | CD 12299 960 132 55 55 CD 12299 960 133 | | CD 12299 960 134 .293 .293 CD 12299 960 135 | | CD 12299 960 136 .315 .315 CD 12299 960 137 | | CD 12299 960 138 7.0 7.0 CD 12299 960 139 | | CD 12299 960 140 2.1 2.1 CD 12299 960 141 | | CD 12299 960 142 4.9 4.9 CD 12299 960 143 | | CD 12299 960 144 | | NNP 12299 960 145 Cedar Cedar NNP 12299 960 146 , , , 12299 960 147 incense incense NN 12299 960 148 | | CD 12299 960 149 80 80 CD 12299 960 150 | | CD 12299 960 151 .363 .363 CD 12299 960 152 | | CD 12299 960 153 | | CD 12299 960 154 | | CD 12299 960 155 | | CD 12299 960 156 | | CD 12299 960 157 | | NNP 12299 960 158 Cypress Cypress NNP 12299 960 159 , , , 12299 960 160 bald bald JJ 12299 960 161 | | CD 12299 960 162 79 79 CD 12299 960 163 | | CD 12299 960 164 .452 .452 CD 12299 960 165 | | CD 12299 960 166 .513 .513 CD 12299 960 167 | | CD 12299 960 168 11.5 11.5 CD 12299 960 169 | | CD 12299 960 170 3.8 3.8 CD 12299 960 171 | | CD 12299 960 172 6.0 6.0 CD 12299 960 173 | | CD 12299 960 174 | | NNP 12299 960 175 Fir Fir NNP 12299 960 176 , , , 12299 960 177 alpine alpine NN 12299 960 178 | | CD 12299 960 179 47 47 CD 12299 960 180 | | CD 12299 960 181 .306 .306 CD 12299 960 182 | | CD 12299 960 183 .321 .321 CD 12299 960 184 | | CD 12299 960 185 9.0 9.0 CD 12299 960 186 | | CD 12299 960 187 2.5 2.5 CD 12299 960 188 | | CD 12299 960 189 7.1 7.1 CD 12299 960 190 | | CD 12299 960 191 | | CD 12299 960 192 amabilis amabili VBD 12299 960 193 | | CD 12299 960 194 117 117 CD 12299 960 195 | | CD 12299 960 196 .383 .383 CD 12299 960 197 | | CD 12299 960 198 | | CD 12299 960 199 | | CD 12299 960 200 | | CD 12299 960 201 | | CD 12299 960 202 | | NNP 12299 960 203 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 960 204 | | NNP 12299 960 205 32 32 CD 12299 960 206 | | CD 12299 960 207 .418 .418 CD 12299 960 208 | | CD 12299 960 209 .458 .458 CD 12299 960 210 | | CD 12299 960 211 10.9 10.9 CD 12299 960 212 | | CD 12299 960 213 3.7 3.7 CD 12299 960 214 | | CD 12299 960 215 6.6 6.6 CD 12299 960 216 | | CD 12299 960 217 | | CD 12299 960 218 white white JJ 12299 960 219 | | CD 12299 960 220 156 156 CD 12299 960 221 | | CD 12299 960 222 .350 .350 CD 12299 960 223 | | CD 12299 960 224 .437 .437 CD 12299 960 225 | | CD 12299 960 226 10.2 10.2 CD 12299 960 227 | | CD 12299 960 228 3.4 3.4 CD 12299 960 229 | | CD 12299 960 230 7.0 7.0 CD 12299 960 231 | | CD 12299 960 232 | | NNP 12299 960 233 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 12299 960 234 ( ( -LRB- 12299 960 235 east east NNP 12299 960 236 . . . 12299 960 237 ) ) -RRB- 12299 961 1 | | NNP 12299 961 2 129 129 CD 12299 961 3 | | CD 12299 961 4 .340 .340 CD 12299 961 5 | | CD 12299 961 6 .394 .394 CD 12299 961 7 | | CD 12299 961 8 9.2 9.2 CD 12299 961 9 | | CD 12299 961 10 2.3 2.3 CD 12299 961 11 | | CD 12299 961 12 5.0 5.0 CD 12299 961 13 | | CD 12299 961 14 | | NNP 12299 961 15 Pine Pine NNP 12299 961 16 , , , 12299 961 17 lodgepole lodgepole NN 12299 961 18 | | CD 12299 961 19 44 44 CD 12299 961 20 | | CD 12299 961 21 .370 .370 CD 12299 961 22 | | CD 12299 961 23 .415 .415 CD 12299 961 24 | | CD 12299 961 25 11.3 11.3 CD 12299 961 26 | | CD 12299 961 27 4.2 4.2 CD 12299 961 28 | | CD 12299 961 29 7.1 7.1 CD 12299 961 30 | | CD 12299 961 31 | | CD 12299 961 32 " " '' 12299 961 33 | | NNP 12299 961 34 58 58 CD 12299 961 35 | | CD 12299 961 36 .371 .371 CD 12299 961 37 | | CD 12299 961 38 .407 .407 CD 12299 961 39 | | CD 12299 961 40 10.1 10.1 CD 12299 961 41 | | CD 12299 961 42 3.6 3.6 CD 12299 961 43 | | CD 12299 961 44 5.9 5.9 CD 12299 961 45 | | CD 12299 961 46 | | CD 12299 961 47 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 961 48 | | CD 12299 961 49 63 63 CD 12299 961 50 | | CD 12299 961 51 .528 .528 CD 12299 961 52 | | CD 12299 961 53 .599 .599 CD 12299 961 54 | | CD 12299 961 55 12.8 12.8 CD 12299 961 56 | | CD 12299 961 57 6.0 6.0 CD 12299 961 58 | | CD 12299 961 59 7.6 7.6 CD 12299 961 60 | | CD 12299 961 61 | | CD 12299 961 62 red red NN 12299 961 63 or or CC 12299 961 64 Nor nor CC 12299 961 65 | | CD 12299 961 66 54 54 CD 12299 961 67 | | CD 12299 961 68 .440 .440 CD 12299 961 69 | | CD 12299 961 70 .507 .507 CD 12299 961 71 | | CD 12299 961 72 11.5 11.5 CD 12299 961 73 | | CD 12299 961 74 4.5 4.5 CD 12299 961 75 | | CD 12299 961 76 7.2 7.2 CD 12299 961 77 | | CD 12299 961 78 | | CD 12299 961 79 shortleaf shortleaf JJ 12299 961 80 | | CD 12299 961 81 52 52 CD 12299 961 82 | | CD 12299 961 83 .447 .447 CD 12299 961 84 | | CD 12299 961 85 | | CD 12299 961 86 | | CD 12299 961 87 | | CD 12299 961 88 | | CD 12299 961 89 | | CD 12299 961 90 sugar sugar NN 12299 961 91 | | NNP 12299 961 92 123 123 CD 12299 961 93 | | CD 12299 961 94 .360 .360 CD 12299 961 95 | | CD 12299 961 96 .386 .386 CD 12299 961 97 | | CD 12299 961 98 8.4 8.4 CD 12299 961 99 | | CD 12299 961 100 2.9 2.9 CD 12299 961 101 | | CD 12299 961 102 5.6 5.6 CD 12299 961 103 | | CD 12299 961 104 | | CD 12299 961 105 west west NN 12299 961 106 yellow yellow NNP 12299 961 107 | | CD 12299 961 108 98 98 CD 12299 961 109 | | CD 12299 961 110 .353 .353 CD 12299 961 111 | | CD 12299 961 112 .395 .395 CD 12299 961 113 | | CD 12299 961 114 9.2 9.2 CD 12299 961 115 | | CD 12299 961 116 4.1 4.1 CD 12299 961 117 | | CD 12299 961 118 6.4 6.4 CD 12299 961 119 | | CD 12299 961 120 | | CD 12299 961 121 " " '' 12299 961 122 " " '' 12299 961 123 | | NNP 12299 961 124 125 125 CD 12299 961 125 | | CD 12299 961 126 .377 .377 CD 12299 961 127 | | NNP 12299 961 128 .433 .433 CD 12299 961 129 | | CD 12299 961 130 11.5 11.5 CD 12299 961 131 | | CD 12299 961 132 4.3 4.3 CD 12299 961 133 | | CD 12299 961 134 7.3 7.3 CD 12299 961 135 | | CD 12299 961 136 | | CD 12299 961 137 " " '' 12299 961 138 " " `` 12299 961 139 | | CD 12299 961 140 93 93 CD 12299 961 141 | | CD 12299 961 142 .391 .391 CD 12299 961 143 | | CD 12299 961 144 .435 .435 CD 12299 961 145 | | CD 12299 961 146 9.9 9.9 CD 12299 961 147 | | CD 12299 961 148 3.8 3.8 CD 12299 961 149 | | CD 12299 961 150 5.8 5.8 CD 12299 961 151 | | CD 12299 961 152 | | CD 12299 961 153 white white JJ 12299 961 154 | | CD 12299 961 155 74 74 CD 12299 961 156 | | CD 12299 961 157 .363 .363 CD 12299 961 158 | | CD 12299 961 159 .391 .391 CD 12299 961 160 | | CD 12299 961 161 7.8 7.8 CD 12299 961 162 | | CD 12299 961 163 2.2 2.2 CD 12299 961 164 | | CD 12299 961 165 5.9 5.9 CD 12299 961 166 | | CD 12299 961 167 | | CD 12299 961 168 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 961 169 | | NNP 12299 961 170 81 81 CD 12299 961 171 | | CD 12299 961 172 .334 .334 CD 12299 961 173 | | CD 12299 961 174 | | CD 12299 961 175 | | CD 12299 961 176 | | CD 12299 961 177 | | CD 12299 961 178 | | NNP 12299 961 179 " " '' 12299 961 180 | | NNP 12299 961 181 69 69 CD 12299 961 182 | | CD 12299 961 183 .366 .366 CD 12299 961 184 | | CD 12299 961 185 | | CD 12299 961 186 | | CD 12299 961 187 | | CD 12299 961 188 | | CD 12299 961 189 | | NNS 12299 961 190 Spruce spruce NN 12299 961 191 , , , 12299 961 192 | | NNP 12299 961 193 | | CD 12299 961 194 | | CD 12299 961 195 | | CD 12299 961 196 | | CD 12299 961 197 | | CD 12299 961 198 | | CD 12299 961 199 | | NNP 12299 961 200 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 12299 961 201 | | CD 12299 961 202 45 45 CD 12299 961 203 | | CD 12299 961 204 .325 .325 CD 12299 961 205 | | CD 12299 961 206 .359 .359 CD 12299 961 207 | | CD 12299 961 208 10.5 10.5 CD 12299 961 209 | | CD 12299 961 210 3.7 3.7 CD 12299 961 211 | | CD 12299 961 212 6.9 6.9 CD 12299 961 213 | | CD 12299 961 214 | | CD 12299 961 215 " " '' 12299 961 216 | | NNP 12299 961 217 156 156 CD 12299 961 218 | | CD 12299 961 219 .299 .299 CD 12299 961 220 | | CD 12299 961 221 .335 .335 CD 12299 961 222 | | CD 12299 961 223 10.3 10.3 CD 12299 961 224 | | CD 12299 961 225 3.0 3.0 CD 12299 961 226 | | CD 12299 961 227 6.2 6.2 CD 12299 961 228 | | CD 12299 961 229 | | CD 12299 961 230 red red JJ 12299 961 231 | | CD 12299 961 232 31 31 CD 12299 961 233 | | CD 12299 961 234 .396 .396 CD 12299 961 235 | | CD 12299 961 236 | | CD 12299 961 237 | | CD 12299 961 238 | | CD 12299 961 239 | | CD 12299 961 240 | | CD 12299 961 241 white white JJ 12299 961 242 | | CD 12299 961 243 41 41 CD 12299 961 244 | | CD 12299 961 245 .318 .318 CD 12299 961 246 | | CD 12299 961 247 | | CD 12299 961 248 | | CD 12299 961 249 | | CD 12299 961 250 | | CD 12299 961 251 | | NNP 12299 961 252 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 961 253 | | CD 12299 961 254 52 52 CD 12299 961 255 | | CD 12299 961 256 .491 .491 CD 12299 961 257 | | CD 12299 961 258 .558 .558 CD 12299 961 259 | | CD 12299 961 260 13.6 13.6 CD 12299 961 261 | | CD 12299 961 262 3.7 3.7 CD 12299 961 263 | | CD 12299 961 264 7.4 7.4 CD 12299 961 265 | | CD 12299 961 266 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 961 267 This this DT 12299 961 268 weight weight NN 12299 961 269 divided divide VBN 12299 961 270 by by IN 12299 961 271 62.43 62.43 CD 12299 961 272 gives give VBZ 12299 961 273 the the DT 12299 961 274 specific specific JJ 12299 961 275 gravity gravity NN 12299 961 276 per per IN 12299 961 277 green green JJ 12299 961 278 volume volume NN 12299 961 279 . . . 12299 962 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 962 2 is be VBZ 12299 962 3 purely purely RB 12299 962 4 a a DT 12299 962 5 fictitious fictitious JJ 12299 962 6 quantity quantity NN 12299 962 7 . . . 12299 963 1 To to TO 12299 963 2 convert convert VB 12299 963 3 this this DT 12299 963 4 figure figure NN 12299 963 5 into into IN 12299 963 6 actual actual JJ 12299 963 7 density density NN 12299 963 8 or or CC 12299 963 9 specific specific JJ 12299 963 10 gravity gravity NN 12299 963 11 of of IN 12299 963 12 the the DT 12299 963 13 dry dry JJ 12299 963 14 wood wood NN 12299 963 15 , , , 12299 963 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 963 17 is be VBZ 12299 963 18 necessary necessary JJ 12299 963 19 to to TO 12299 963 20 know know VB 12299 963 21 the the DT 12299 963 22 amount amount NN 12299 963 23 of of IN 12299 963 24 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 963 25 in in IN 12299 963 26 volume volume NN 12299 963 27 . . . 12299 964 1 If if IN 12299 964 2 S S NNP 12299 964 3 is be VBZ 12299 964 4 the the DT 12299 964 5 percentage percentage NN 12299 964 6 of of IN 12299 964 7 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 964 8 from from IN 12299 964 9 the the DT 12299 964 10 green green NN 12299 964 11 to to IN 12299 964 12 the the DT 12299 964 13 oven oven RB 12299 964 14 - - HYPH 12299 964 15 dry dry JJ 12299 964 16 condition condition NN 12299 964 17 , , , 12299 964 18 based base VBN 12299 964 19 on on IN 12299 964 20 the the DT 12299 964 21 green green JJ 12299 964 22 volume volume NN 12299 964 23 ; ; : 12299 964 24 D d NN 12299 964 25 , , , 12299 964 26 the the DT 12299 964 27 density density NN 12299 964 28 of of IN 12299 964 29 the the DT 12299 964 30 dry dry JJ 12299 964 31 wood wood NN 12299 964 32 per per IN 12299 964 33 cubic cubic JJ 12299 964 34 foot foot NN 12299 964 35 while while IN 12299 964 36 green green JJ 12299 964 37 ; ; : 12299 964 38 and and CC 12299 964 39 d d LS 12299 964 40 the the DT 12299 964 41 actual actual JJ 12299 964 42 D D NNP 12299 964 43 density density NN 12299 964 44 of of IN 12299 964 45 oven oven JJ 12299 964 46 - - HYPH 12299 964 47 dry dry JJ 12299 964 48 wood wood NN 12299 964 49 , , , 12299 964 50 then then RB 12299 964 51 ---------- ---------- NFP 12299 964 52 = = SYM 12299 964 53 d. d. NNP 12299 964 54 1 1 CD 12299 964 55 - - HYPH 12299 964 56 .0 .0 . 12299 964 57 S S NNP 12299 964 58 This this DT 12299 964 59 relation relation NN 12299 964 60 becomes become VBZ 12299 964 61 clearer clear JJR 12299 964 62 from from IN 12299 964 63 the the DT 12299 964 64 following follow VBG 12299 964 65 analysis analysis NN 12299 964 66 : : : 12299 964 67 Taking take VBG 12299 964 68 V v NN 12299 964 69 and and CC 12299 964 70 W W NNP 12299 964 71 as as IN 12299 964 72 the the DT 12299 964 73 volume volume NN 12299 964 74 and and CC 12299 964 75 weight weight NN 12299 964 76 , , , 12299 964 77 respectively respectively RB 12299 964 78 , , , 12299 964 79 when when WRB 12299 964 80 green green JJ 12299 964 81 , , , 12299 964 82 and and CC 12299 964 83 v v NN 12299 964 84 and and CC 12299 964 85 w w NNP 12299 964 86 as as IN 12299 964 87 the the DT 12299 964 88 corresponding corresponding JJ 12299 964 89 volume volume NN 12299 964 90 and and CC 12299 964 91 weight weight NN 12299 964 92 when when WRB 12299 964 93 w w NNP 12299 964 94 W W NNP 12299 964 95 V V NNP 12299 964 96 - - HYPH 12299 964 97 v v NNP 12299 964 98 oven oven NNP 12299 964 99 - - HYPH 12299 964 100 dry dry NNP 12299 964 101 , , , 12299 964 102 then then RB 12299 964 103 , , , 12299 964 104 d d NNP 12299 964 105 = = SYM 12299 964 106 --- --- : 12299 964 107 ; ; : 12299 964 108 D D NNP 12299 964 109 = = SYM 12299 964 110 --- --- : 12299 964 111 ; ; : 12299 964 112 S S NNP 12299 964 113 = = NFP 12299 964 114 ------- ------- NFP 12299 964 115 X x NN 12299 964 116 100 100 CD 12299 964 117 , , , 12299 964 118 and and CC 12299 964 119 v v LS 12299 964 120 V v NN 12299 964 121 V v NN 12299 964 122 V v NN 12299 964 123 - - HYPH 12299 964 124 v v NNP 12299 964 125 s s NN 12299 964 126 = = NN 12299 964 127 ------- ------- NFP 12299 964 128 X x NN 12299 964 129 100 100 CD 12299 964 130 , , , 12299 964 131 in in IN 12299 964 132 which which WDT 12299 964 133 S S NNP 12299 964 134 is be VBZ 12299 964 135 the the DT 12299 964 136 percentage percentage NN 12299 964 137 of of IN 12299 964 138 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 964 139 v v NN 12299 964 140 from from IN 12299 964 141 the the DT 12299 964 142 green green NN 12299 964 143 to to IN 12299 964 144 the the DT 12299 964 145 oven oven RB 12299 964 146 - - HYPH 12299 964 147 dry dry JJ 12299 964 148 condition condition NN 12299 964 149 , , , 12299 964 150 based base VBN 12299 964 151 on on IN 12299 964 152 the the DT 12299 964 153 green green JJ 12299 964 154 volume volume NN 12299 964 155 , , , 12299 964 156 and and CC 12299 964 157 s s VBZ 12299 964 158 the the DT 12299 964 159 same same JJ 12299 964 160 based base VBN 12299 964 161 on on IN 12299 964 162 the the DT 12299 964 163 oven oven RB 12299 964 164 - - HYPH 12299 964 165 dry dry JJ 12299 964 166 volume volume NN 12299 964 167 . . . 12299 965 1 In in IN 12299 965 2 tables table NNS 12299 965 3 of of IN 12299 965 4 specific specific JJ 12299 965 5 gravity gravity NN 12299 965 6 or or CC 12299 965 7 density density NN 12299 965 8 of of IN 12299 965 9 wood wood NN 12299 965 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 965 11 should should MD 12299 965 12 always always RB 12299 965 13 be be VB 12299 965 14 stated state VBN 12299 965 15 whether whether IN 12299 965 16 the the DT 12299 965 17 dry dry JJ 12299 965 18 weight weight NN 12299 965 19 per per IN 12299 965 20 unit unit NN 12299 965 21 of of IN 12299 965 22 volume volume NN 12299 965 23 when when WRB 12299 965 24 green green JJ 12299 965 25 or or CC 12299 965 26 the the DT 12299 965 27 dry dry JJ 12299 965 28 weight weight NN 12299 965 29 per per IN 12299 965 30 unit unit NN 12299 965 31 of of IN 12299 965 32 volume volume NN 12299 965 33 when when WRB 12299 965 34 dry dry NNP 12299 965 35 is be VBZ 12299 965 36 intended intend VBN 12299 965 37 , , , 12299 965 38 since since IN 12299 965 39 the the DT 12299 965 40 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 965 41 in in IN 12299 965 42 volume volume NN 12299 965 43 may may MD 12299 965 44 vary vary VB 12299 965 45 from from IN 12299 965 46 6 6 CD 12299 965 47 to to TO 12299 965 48 50 50 CD 12299 965 49 per per NN 12299 965 50 cent cent NN 12299 965 51 , , , 12299 965 52 though though IN 12299 965 53 in in IN 12299 965 54 conifers conifer NNS 12299 965 55 it -PRON- PRP 12299 965 56 is be VBZ 12299 965 57 usually usually RB 12299 965 58 about about IN 12299 965 59 10 10 CD 12299 965 60 per per NN 12299 965 61 cent cent NN 12299 965 62 , , , 12299 965 63 and and CC 12299 965 64 in in IN 12299 965 65 hardwoods hardwoods NNP 12299 965 66 nearer near RBR 12299 965 67 15 15 CD 12299 965 68 per per NN 12299 965 69 cent cent NN 12299 965 70 . . . 12299 966 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 966 2 See see VB 12299 966 3 Table Table NNP 12299 966 4 XIV XIV NNP 12299 966 5 . . . 12299 966 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 967 1 COLOR COLOR NNP 12299 967 2 In in IN 12299 967 3 species specie NNS 12299 967 4 which which WDT 12299 967 5 show show VBP 12299 967 6 a a DT 12299 967 7 distinct distinct JJ 12299 967 8 difference difference NN 12299 967 9 between between IN 12299 967 10 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 967 11 and and CC 12299 967 12 sapwood sapwood VBD 12299 967 13 the the DT 12299 967 14 natural natural JJ 12299 967 15 color color NN 12299 967 16 of of IN 12299 967 17 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 967 18 is be VBZ 12299 967 19 invariably invariably RB 12299 967 20 darker dark JJR 12299 967 21 than than IN 12299 967 22 that that DT 12299 967 23 of of IN 12299 967 24 the the DT 12299 967 25 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 967 26 , , , 12299 967 27 and and CC 12299 967 28 very very RB 12299 967 29 frequently frequently RB 12299 967 30 the the DT 12299 967 31 contrast contrast NN 12299 967 32 is be VBZ 12299 967 33 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 12299 967 34 . . . 12299 968 1 This this DT 12299 968 2 is be VBZ 12299 968 3 produced produce VBN 12299 968 4 by by IN 12299 968 5 deposits deposit NNS 12299 968 6 in in IN 12299 968 7 the the DT 12299 968 8 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 968 9 of of IN 12299 968 10 various various JJ 12299 968 11 materials material NNS 12299 968 12 resulting result VBG 12299 968 13 from from IN 12299 968 14 the the DT 12299 968 15 process process NN 12299 968 16 of of IN 12299 968 17 growth growth NN 12299 968 18 , , , 12299 968 19 increased increase VBD 12299 968 20 possibly possibly RB 12299 968 21 by by IN 12299 968 22 oxidation oxidation NN 12299 968 23 and and CC 12299 968 24 other other JJ 12299 968 25 chemical chemical NN 12299 968 26 changes change NNS 12299 968 27 , , , 12299 968 28 which which WDT 12299 968 29 usually usually RB 12299 968 30 have have VBP 12299 968 31 little little JJ 12299 968 32 or or CC 12299 968 33 no no DT 12299 968 34 appreciable appreciable JJ 12299 968 35 effect effect NN 12299 968 36 on on IN 12299 968 37 the the DT 12299 968 38 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 968 39 properties property NNS 12299 968 40 of of IN 12299 968 41 the the DT 12299 968 42 wood wood NN 12299 968 43 . . . 12299 969 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 969 2 See see VB 12299 969 3 HEARTWOOD HEARTWOOD NNP 12299 969 4 AND and CC 12299 969 5 SAPWOOD SAPWOOD NNP 12299 969 6 , , , 12299 969 7 above above RB 12299 969 8 . . . 12299 969 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 970 1 Some some DT 12299 970 2 experiments[28 experiments[28 NN 12299 970 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 970 4 on on IN 12299 970 5 very very RB 12299 970 6 resinous resinous JJ 12299 970 7 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 970 8 pine pine NN 12299 970 9 specimens specimen NNS 12299 970 10 , , , 12299 970 11 however however RB 12299 970 12 , , , 12299 970 13 indicate indicate VBP 12299 970 14 an an DT 12299 970 15 increase increase NN 12299 970 16 in in IN 12299 970 17 strength strength NN 12299 970 18 . . . 12299 971 1 This this DT 12299 971 2 is be VBZ 12299 971 3 due due JJ 12299 971 4 to to IN 12299 971 5 the the DT 12299 971 6 resin resin NN 12299 971 7 which which WDT 12299 971 8 increases increase VBZ 12299 971 9 the the DT 12299 971 10 strength strength NN 12299 971 11 when when WRB 12299 971 12 dry dry JJ 12299 971 13 . . . 12299 972 1 Spruce spruce VB 12299 972 2 impregnated impregnate VBN 12299 972 3 with with IN 12299 972 4 crude crude JJ 12299 972 5 resin resin NN 12299 972 6 and and CC 12299 972 7 dried dry VBN 12299 972 8 is be VBZ 12299 972 9 greatly greatly RB 12299 972 10 increased increase VBN 12299 972 11 in in IN 12299 972 12 strength strength NN 12299 972 13 thereby thereby RB 12299 972 14 . . . 12299 973 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 973 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 973 3 28 28 CD 12299 973 4 : : : 12299 973 5 Bul Bul NNP 12299 973 6 . . . 12299 974 1 70 70 CD 12299 974 2 , , , 12299 974 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 974 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 974 5 Service Service NNP 12299 974 6 , , , 12299 974 7 p. p. NN 12299 974 8 92 92 CD 12299 974 9 ; ; : 12299 974 10 also also RB 12299 974 11 p. p. NN 12299 974 12 126 126 CD 12299 974 13 , , , 12299 974 14 appendix appendix NNP 12299 974 15 . . . 12299 974 16 ] ] -RRB- 12299 975 1 Since since IN 12299 975 2 the the DT 12299 975 3 late late JJ 12299 975 4 wood wood NN 12299 975 5 of of IN 12299 975 6 a a DT 12299 975 7 growth growth NN 12299 975 8 ring ring NN 12299 975 9 is be VBZ 12299 975 10 usually usually RB 12299 975 11 darker dark JJR 12299 975 12 in in IN 12299 975 13 color color NN 12299 975 14 than than IN 12299 975 15 the the DT 12299 975 16 early early JJ 12299 975 17 wood wood NN 12299 975 18 , , , 12299 975 19 this this DT 12299 975 20 fact fact NN 12299 975 21 may may MD 12299 975 22 be be VB 12299 975 23 used use VBN 12299 975 24 in in IN 12299 975 25 judging judge VBG 12299 975 26 the the DT 12299 975 27 density density NN 12299 975 28 , , , 12299 975 29 and and CC 12299 975 30 therefore therefore RB 12299 975 31 the the DT 12299 975 32 hardness hardness NN 12299 975 33 and and CC 12299 975 34 strength strength NN 12299 975 35 of of IN 12299 975 36 the the DT 12299 975 37 material material NN 12299 975 38 . . . 12299 976 1 This this DT 12299 976 2 is be VBZ 12299 976 3 particularly particularly RB 12299 976 4 the the DT 12299 976 5 case case NN 12299 976 6 with with IN 12299 976 7 coniferous coniferous JJ 12299 976 8 woods wood NNS 12299 976 9 . . . 12299 977 1 In in IN 12299 977 2 ring ring JJ 12299 977 3 - - HYPH 12299 977 4 porous porous JJ 12299 977 5 woods wood NNS 12299 977 6 the the DT 12299 977 7 vessels vessel NNS 12299 977 8 of of IN 12299 977 9 the the DT 12299 977 10 early early JJ 12299 977 11 wood wood NN 12299 977 12 not not RB 12299 977 13 infrequently infrequently RB 12299 977 14 appear appear VBP 12299 977 15 on on IN 12299 977 16 a a DT 12299 977 17 finished finished JJ 12299 977 18 surface surface NN 12299 977 19 as as IN 12299 977 20 darker dark JJR 12299 977 21 than than IN 12299 977 22 the the DT 12299 977 23 denser denser NN 12299 977 24 late late JJ 12299 977 25 wood wood NN 12299 977 26 , , , 12299 977 27 though though IN 12299 977 28 on on IN 12299 977 29 cross cross JJ 12299 977 30 sections section NNS 12299 977 31 of of IN 12299 977 32 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 977 33 the the DT 12299 977 34 reverse reverse NN 12299 977 35 is be VBZ 12299 977 36 commonly commonly RB 12299 977 37 true true JJ 12299 977 38 . . . 12299 978 1 Except except IN 12299 978 2 in in IN 12299 978 3 the the DT 12299 978 4 manner manner NN 12299 978 5 just just RB 12299 978 6 stated state VBD 12299 978 7 the the DT 12299 978 8 color color NN 12299 978 9 of of IN 12299 978 10 wood wood NN 12299 978 11 is be VBZ 12299 978 12 no no DT 12299 978 13 indication indication NN 12299 978 14 of of IN 12299 978 15 strength strength NN 12299 978 16 . . . 12299 979 1 Abnormal abnormal JJ 12299 979 2 discoloration discoloration NN 12299 979 3 of of IN 12299 979 4 wood wood NN 12299 979 5 often often RB 12299 979 6 denotes denote VBZ 12299 979 7 a a DT 12299 979 8 diseased diseased JJ 12299 979 9 condition condition NN 12299 979 10 , , , 12299 979 11 indicating indicate VBG 12299 979 12 unsoundness unsoundness JJ 12299 979 13 . . . 12299 980 1 The the DT 12299 980 2 black black JJ 12299 980 3 check check NN 12299 980 4 in in IN 12299 980 5 western western JJ 12299 980 6 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 980 7 is be VBZ 12299 980 8 the the DT 12299 980 9 result result NN 12299 980 10 of of IN 12299 980 11 insect insect JJ 12299 980 12 attacks attack NNS 12299 980 13 . . . 12299 981 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 981 2 29 29 CD 12299 981 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 981 4 The the DT 12299 981 5 reddish reddish JJ 12299 981 6 - - HYPH 12299 981 7 brown brown JJ 12299 981 8 streaks streak NNS 12299 981 9 so so RB 12299 981 10 common common JJ 12299 981 11 in in IN 12299 981 12 hickory hickory JJ 12299 981 13 and and CC 12299 981 14 certain certain JJ 12299 981 15 other other JJ 12299 981 16 woods wood NNS 12299 981 17 are be VBP 12299 981 18 mostly mostly RB 12299 981 19 the the DT 12299 981 20 result result NN 12299 981 21 of of IN 12299 981 22 injury injury NN 12299 981 23 by by IN 12299 981 24 birds bird NNS 12299 981 25 . . . 12299 982 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 982 2 30 30 CD 12299 982 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 982 4 The the DT 12299 982 5 discoloration discoloration NN 12299 982 6 is be VBZ 12299 982 7 merely merely RB 12299 982 8 an an DT 12299 982 9 indication indication NN 12299 982 10 of of IN 12299 982 11 an an DT 12299 982 12 injury injury NN 12299 982 13 , , , 12299 982 14 and and CC 12299 982 15 in in IN 12299 982 16 all all DT 12299 982 17 probability probability NN 12299 982 18 does do VBZ 12299 982 19 not not RB 12299 982 20 of of IN 12299 982 21 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 982 22 affect affect VB 12299 982 23 the the DT 12299 982 24 properties property NNS 12299 982 25 of of IN 12299 982 26 the the DT 12299 982 27 wood wood NN 12299 982 28 . . . 12299 983 1 Certain certain JJ 12299 983 2 rot rot VB 12299 983 3 - - HYPH 12299 983 4 producing produce VBG 12299 983 5 fungi fungi NN 12299 983 6 impart impart NN 12299 983 7 to to IN 12299 983 8 wood wood NN 12299 983 9 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 983 10 colors color NNS 12299 983 11 which which WDT 12299 983 12 thus thus RB 12299 983 13 become become VBP 12299 983 14 criterions criterion NNS 12299 983 15 of of IN 12299 983 16 weakness weakness NN 12299 983 17 . . . 12299 984 1 Ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 984 2 sap sap NN 12299 984 3 - - HYPH 12299 984 4 staining staining NN 12299 984 5 is be VBZ 12299 984 6 due due JJ 12299 984 7 to to IN 12299 984 8 fungous fungous JJ 12299 984 9 growth growth NN 12299 984 10 , , , 12299 984 11 but but CC 12299 984 12 does do VBZ 12299 984 13 not not RB 12299 984 14 necessarily necessarily RB 12299 984 15 produce produce VB 12299 984 16 a a DT 12299 984 17 weakening weakening NN 12299 984 18 effect effect NN 12299 984 19 . . . 12299 985 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 985 2 31 31 CD 12299 985 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 985 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 985 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 985 6 29 29 CD 12299 985 7 : : : 12299 985 8 See see VB 12299 985 9 Burke Burke NNP 12299 985 10 , , , 12299 985 11 H.E. H.E. NNP 12299 986 1 : : : 12299 986 2 Black black JJ 12299 986 3 check check NN 12299 986 4 in in IN 12299 986 5 western western JJ 12299 986 6 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 986 7 . . . 12299 987 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 987 2 . . . 12299 988 1 No no UH 12299 988 2 . . . 12299 989 1 61 61 CD 12299 989 2 , , , 12299 989 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 989 4 Bu Bu NNP 12299 989 5 . . . 12299 990 1 Entomology entomology NN 12299 990 2 , , , 12299 990 3 1905 1905 CD 12299 990 4 . . . 12299 990 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 991 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 991 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 991 3 30 30 CD 12299 991 4 : : : 12299 991 5 See see VB 12299 991 6 McAtee McAtee NNP 12299 991 7 , , , 12299 991 8 W.L. W.L. NNP 12299 992 1 : : : 12299 992 2 Woodpeckers woodpecker NNS 12299 992 3 in in IN 12299 992 4 relation relation NN 12299 992 5 to to IN 12299 992 6 trees tree NNS 12299 992 7 and and CC 12299 992 8 wood wood NN 12299 992 9 products product NNS 12299 992 10 . . . 12299 993 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 993 2 . . . 12299 994 1 No no UH 12299 994 2 . . . 12299 995 1 39 39 CD 12299 995 2 , , , 12299 995 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 995 4 Biol Biol NNP 12299 995 5 . . . 12299 996 1 Survey survey NN 12299 996 2 , , , 12299 996 3 1911 1911 CD 12299 996 4 . . . 12299 996 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 997 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 997 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 997 3 31 31 CD 12299 997 4 : : : 12299 997 5 See see VB 12299 997 6 Von Von NNP 12299 997 7 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 12299 997 8 , , , 12299 997 9 Hermann Hermann NNP 12299 997 10 : : : 12299 997 11 The the DT 12299 997 12 " " `` 12299 997 13 bluing bluing NN 12299 997 14 " " '' 12299 997 15 and and CC 12299 997 16 the the DT 12299 997 17 " " `` 12299 997 18 red red JJ 12299 997 19 rot rot NN 12299 997 20 " " '' 12299 997 21 of of IN 12299 997 22 the the DT 12299 997 23 western western JJ 12299 997 24 yellow yellow JJ 12299 997 25 pine pine NN 12299 997 26 , , , 12299 997 27 with with IN 12299 997 28 special special JJ 12299 997 29 reference reference NN 12299 997 30 to to IN 12299 997 31 the the DT 12299 997 32 Black Black NNP 12299 997 33 Hills Hills NNP 12299 997 34 forest forest NN 12299 997 35 reserve reserve NN 12299 997 36 . . . 12299 998 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 998 2 . . . 12299 999 1 No no UH 12299 999 2 . . . 12299 1000 1 36 36 CD 12299 1000 2 , , , 12299 1000 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1000 4 Bu Bu NNP 12299 1000 5 . . . 12299 1001 1 Plant plant NN 12299 1001 2 Industry Industry NNP 12299 1001 3 , , , 12299 1001 4 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1001 5 , , , 12299 1001 6 1903 1903 CD 12299 1001 7 , , , 12299 1001 8 pp pp NNP 12299 1001 9 . . . 12299 1002 1 13 13 CD 12299 1002 2 - - SYM 12299 1002 3 14 14 CD 12299 1002 4 . . . 12299 1003 1 Weiss Weiss NNP 12299 1003 2 , , , 12299 1003 3 Howard Howard NNP 12299 1003 4 , , , 12299 1003 5 and and CC 12299 1003 6 Barnum Barnum NNP 12299 1003 7 , , , 12299 1003 8 Charles Charles NNP 12299 1003 9 T. T. NNP 12299 1003 10 : : : 12299 1003 11 The the DT 12299 1003 12 prevention prevention NN 12299 1003 13 of of IN 12299 1003 14 sapstain sapstain NN 12299 1003 15 in in IN 12299 1003 16 lumber lumber NN 12299 1003 17 . . . 12299 1004 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1004 2 . . . 12299 1005 1 192 192 CD 12299 1005 2 , , , 12299 1005 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1005 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1005 5 Service Service NNP 12299 1005 6 , , , 12299 1005 7 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1005 8 , , , 12299 1005 9 1911 1911 CD 12299 1005 10 , , , 12299 1005 11 pp pp NNP 12299 1005 12 . . . 12299 1006 1 16 16 CD 12299 1006 2 - - SYM 12299 1006 3 17 17 CD 12299 1006 4 . . . 12299 1006 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1007 1 CROSS CROSS NNP 12299 1007 2 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 1007 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1007 4 Cross Cross NNP 12299 1007 5 grain grain NN 12299 1007 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1007 7 is be VBZ 12299 1007 8 a a DT 12299 1007 9 very very RB 12299 1007 10 common common JJ 12299 1007 11 defect defect NN 12299 1007 12 in in IN 12299 1007 13 timber timber NN 12299 1007 14 . . . 12299 1008 1 One one CD 12299 1008 2 form form NN 12299 1008 3 of of IN 12299 1008 4 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1008 5 is be VBZ 12299 1008 6 produced produce VBN 12299 1008 7 in in IN 12299 1008 8 lumber lumber NN 12299 1008 9 by by IN 12299 1008 10 the the DT 12299 1008 11 method method NN 12299 1008 12 of of IN 12299 1008 13 sawing saw VBG 12299 1008 14 and and CC 12299 1008 15 has have VBZ 12299 1008 16 no no DT 12299 1008 17 reference reference NN 12299 1008 18 to to IN 12299 1008 19 the the DT 12299 1008 20 natural natural JJ 12299 1008 21 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 1008 22 of of IN 12299 1008 23 the the DT 12299 1008 24 wood wood NN 12299 1008 25 elements element NNS 12299 1008 26 . . . 12299 1009 1 Thus thus RB 12299 1009 2 if if IN 12299 1009 3 the the DT 12299 1009 4 plane plane NN 12299 1009 5 of of IN 12299 1009 6 the the DT 12299 1009 7 saw saw NN 12299 1009 8 is be VBZ 12299 1009 9 not not RB 12299 1009 10 approximately approximately RB 12299 1009 11 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1009 12 to to IN 12299 1009 13 the the DT 12299 1009 14 axis axi NNS 12299 1009 15 of of IN 12299 1009 16 the the DT 12299 1009 17 log log NN 12299 1009 18 the the DT 12299 1009 19 grain grain NN 12299 1009 20 of of IN 12299 1009 21 the the DT 12299 1009 22 lumber lumber NN 12299 1009 23 cut cut NN 12299 1009 24 is be VBZ 12299 1009 25 not not RB 12299 1009 26 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1009 27 to to IN 12299 1009 28 the the DT 12299 1009 29 edges edge NNS 12299 1009 30 and and CC 12299 1009 31 is be VBZ 12299 1009 32 termed term VBN 12299 1009 33 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 1009 34 . . . 12299 1010 1 This this DT 12299 1010 2 is be VBZ 12299 1010 3 likely likely JJ 12299 1010 4 to to TO 12299 1010 5 occur occur VB 12299 1010 6 where where WRB 12299 1010 7 the the DT 12299 1010 8 logs log NNS 12299 1010 9 have have VBP 12299 1010 10 considerable considerable JJ 12299 1010 11 taper taper NN 12299 1010 12 , , , 12299 1010 13 and and CC 12299 1010 14 in in IN 12299 1010 15 this this DT 12299 1010 16 case case NN 12299 1010 17 may may MD 12299 1010 18 be be VB 12299 1010 19 produced produce VBN 12299 1010 20 if if IN 12299 1010 21 sawed saw VBN 12299 1010 22 parallel parallel NN 12299 1010 23 to to IN 12299 1010 24 the the DT 12299 1010 25 axis axi NNS 12299 1010 26 of of IN 12299 1010 27 growth growth NN 12299 1010 28 instead instead RB 12299 1010 29 of of IN 12299 1010 30 parallel parallel NN 12299 1010 31 to to IN 12299 1010 32 the the DT 12299 1010 33 growth growth NN 12299 1010 34 rings ring NNS 12299 1010 35 . . . 12299 1011 1 Lumber lumber NN 12299 1011 2 and and CC 12299 1011 3 timber timber NN 12299 1011 4 with with IN 12299 1011 5 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 1011 6 grain grain NN 12299 1011 7 is be VBZ 12299 1011 8 always always RB 12299 1011 9 weaker weak JJR 12299 1011 10 than than IN 12299 1011 11 straight straight RB 12299 1011 12 - - HYPH 12299 1011 13 grained grain VBN 12299 1011 14 material material NN 12299 1011 15 , , , 12299 1011 16 the the DT 12299 1011 17 extent extent NN 12299 1011 18 of of IN 12299 1011 19 the the DT 12299 1011 20 defect defect JJ 12299 1011 21 varying varying NN 12299 1011 22 with with IN 12299 1011 23 the the DT 12299 1011 24 degree degree NN 12299 1011 25 of of IN 12299 1011 26 the the DT 12299 1011 27 angle angle NN 12299 1011 28 the the DT 12299 1011 29 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1011 30 make make VBP 12299 1011 31 with with IN 12299 1011 32 the the DT 12299 1011 33 axis axis NN 12299 1011 34 of of IN 12299 1011 35 the the DT 12299 1011 36 stick stick NN 12299 1011 37 . . . 12299 1012 1 In in IN 12299 1012 2 the the DT 12299 1012 3 vicinity vicinity NN 12299 1012 4 of of IN 12299 1012 5 large large JJ 12299 1012 6 knots knot NNS 12299 1012 7 the the DT 12299 1012 8 grain grain NN 12299 1012 9 is be VBZ 12299 1012 10 likely likely JJ 12299 1012 11 to to TO 12299 1012 12 be be VB 12299 1012 13 cross cross JJ 12299 1012 14 . . . 12299 1013 1 The the DT 12299 1013 2 defect defect NN 12299 1013 3 is be VBZ 12299 1013 4 most most RBS 12299 1013 5 serious serious JJ 12299 1013 6 where where WRB 12299 1013 7 wood wood NN 12299 1013 8 is be VBZ 12299 1013 9 subjected subject VBN 12299 1013 10 to to IN 12299 1013 11 flexure flexure VB 12299 1013 12 , , , 12299 1013 13 as as IN 12299 1013 14 in in IN 12299 1013 15 beams beam NNS 12299 1013 16 . . . 12299 1014 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1014 2 Spiral Spiral NNP 12299 1014 3 grain grain NN 12299 1014 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1014 5 is be VBZ 12299 1014 6 a a DT 12299 1014 7 very very RB 12299 1014 8 common common JJ 12299 1014 9 defect defect NN 12299 1014 10 in in IN 12299 1014 11 a a DT 12299 1014 12 tree tree NN 12299 1014 13 , , , 12299 1014 14 and and CC 12299 1014 15 when when WRB 12299 1014 16 excessive excessive JJ 12299 1014 17 renders render VBZ 12299 1014 18 the the DT 12299 1014 19 timber timber NN 12299 1014 20 valueless valueless NN 12299 1014 21 for for IN 12299 1014 22 use use NN 12299 1014 23 except except IN 12299 1014 24 in in IN 12299 1014 25 the the DT 12299 1014 26 round round NN 12299 1014 27 . . . 12299 1015 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1015 2 is be VBZ 12299 1015 3 produced produce VBN 12299 1015 4 by by IN 12299 1015 5 the the DT 12299 1015 6 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 1015 7 of of IN 12299 1015 8 the the DT 12299 1015 9 wood wood NN 12299 1015 10 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1015 11 in in IN 12299 1015 12 a a DT 12299 1015 13 spiral spiral JJ 12299 1015 14 direction direction NN 12299 1015 15 about about IN 12299 1015 16 the the DT 12299 1015 17 axis axi NNS 12299 1015 18 instead instead RB 12299 1015 19 of of IN 12299 1015 20 exactly exactly RB 12299 1015 21 vertical vertical JJ 12299 1015 22 . . . 12299 1016 1 Timber timber VB 12299 1016 2 with with IN 12299 1016 3 spiral spiral JJ 12299 1016 4 grain grain NN 12299 1016 5 is be VBZ 12299 1016 6 also also RB 12299 1016 7 known know VBN 12299 1016 8 as as IN 12299 1016 9 " " `` 12299 1016 10 torse torse NNP 12299 1016 11 wood wood NN 12299 1016 12 . . . 12299 1016 13 " " '' 12299 1017 1 Spiral spiral JJ 12299 1017 2 grain grain NN 12299 1017 3 usually usually RB 12299 1017 4 can can MD 12299 1017 5 not not RB 12299 1017 6 be be VB 12299 1017 7 detected detect VBN 12299 1017 8 by by IN 12299 1017 9 casual casual JJ 12299 1017 10 inspection inspection NN 12299 1017 11 of of IN 12299 1017 12 a a DT 12299 1017 13 stick stick NN 12299 1017 14 , , , 12299 1017 15 since since IN 12299 1017 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1017 17 does do VBZ 12299 1017 18 not not RB 12299 1017 19 show show VB 12299 1017 20 in in IN 12299 1017 21 the the DT 12299 1017 22 so so RB 12299 1017 23 - - HYPH 12299 1017 24 called call VBN 12299 1017 25 visible visible JJ 12299 1017 26 grain grain NN 12299 1017 27 of of IN 12299 1017 28 the the DT 12299 1017 29 wood wood NN 12299 1017 30 , , , 12299 1017 31 by by IN 12299 1017 32 which which WDT 12299 1017 33 is be VBZ 12299 1017 34 commonly commonly RB 12299 1017 35 meant mean VBN 12299 1017 36 a a DT 12299 1017 37 sectional sectional JJ 12299 1017 38 view view NN 12299 1017 39 of of IN 12299 1017 40 the the DT 12299 1017 41 annual annual JJ 12299 1017 42 rings ring NNS 12299 1017 43 of of IN 12299 1017 44 growth growth NN 12299 1017 45 cut cut VBD 12299 1017 46 longitudinally longitudinally RB 12299 1017 47 . . . 12299 1018 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1018 2 is be VBZ 12299 1018 3 accordingly accordingly RB 12299 1018 4 very very RB 12299 1018 5 easy easy JJ 12299 1018 6 to to TO 12299 1018 7 allow allow VB 12299 1018 8 spiral spiral NN 12299 1018 9 - - HYPH 12299 1018 10 grained grain VBN 12299 1018 11 material material NN 12299 1018 12 to to TO 12299 1018 13 pass pass VB 12299 1018 14 inspection inspection NN 12299 1018 15 , , , 12299 1018 16 thereby thereby RB 12299 1018 17 introducing introduce VBG 12299 1018 18 an an DT 12299 1018 19 element element NN 12299 1018 20 of of IN 12299 1018 21 weakness weakness NN 12299 1018 22 in in IN 12299 1018 23 a a DT 12299 1018 24 structure structure NN 12299 1018 25 . . . 12299 1019 1 There there EX 12299 1019 2 are be VBP 12299 1019 3 methods method NNS 12299 1019 4 for for IN 12299 1019 5 readily readily RB 12299 1019 6 detecting detect VBG 12299 1019 7 spiral spiral JJ 12299 1019 8 grain grain NN 12299 1019 9 . . . 12299 1020 1 The the DT 12299 1020 2 simplest simple JJS 12299 1020 3 is be VBZ 12299 1020 4 that that DT 12299 1020 5 of of IN 12299 1020 6 splitting split VBG 12299 1020 7 a a DT 12299 1020 8 small small JJ 12299 1020 9 piece piece NN 12299 1020 10 radially radially NN 12299 1020 11 . . . 12299 1021 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1021 2 is be VBZ 12299 1021 3 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1021 4 , , , 12299 1021 5 of of IN 12299 1021 6 course course NN 12299 1021 7 , , , 12299 1021 8 that that IN 12299 1021 9 the the DT 12299 1021 10 split split NN 12299 1021 11 be be VBP 12299 1021 12 radial radial JJ 12299 1021 13 , , , 12299 1021 14 that that RB 12299 1021 15 is is RB 12299 1021 16 , , , 12299 1021 17 in in IN 12299 1021 18 a a DT 12299 1021 19 plane plane NN 12299 1021 20 passing pass VBG 12299 1021 21 through through IN 12299 1021 22 the the DT 12299 1021 23 axis axis NN 12299 1021 24 of of IN 12299 1021 25 the the DT 12299 1021 26 log log NN 12299 1021 27 , , , 12299 1021 28 and and CC 12299 1021 29 not not RB 12299 1021 30 tangentially tangentially RB 12299 1021 31 . . . 12299 1022 1 In in IN 12299 1022 2 the the DT 12299 1022 3 latter latter JJ 12299 1022 4 case case NN 12299 1022 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1022 6 is be VBZ 12299 1022 7 quite quite RB 12299 1022 8 probable probable JJ 12299 1022 9 that that IN 12299 1022 10 the the DT 12299 1022 11 wood wood NN 12299 1022 12 would would MD 12299 1022 13 split split VB 12299 1022 14 straight straight RB 12299 1022 15 , , , 12299 1022 16 the the DT 12299 1022 17 line line NN 12299 1022 18 of of IN 12299 1022 19 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 1022 20 being be VBG 12299 1022 21 between between IN 12299 1022 22 the the DT 12299 1022 23 growth growth NN 12299 1022 24 rings ring NNS 12299 1022 25 . . . 12299 1023 1 In in IN 12299 1023 2 inspection inspection NN 12299 1023 3 , , , 12299 1023 4 the the DT 12299 1023 5 elements element NNS 12299 1023 6 to to TO 12299 1023 7 examine examine VB 12299 1023 8 are be VBP 12299 1023 9 the the DT 12299 1023 10 rays ray NNS 12299 1023 11 . . . 12299 1024 1 In in IN 12299 1024 2 the the DT 12299 1024 3 case case NN 12299 1024 4 of of IN 12299 1024 5 oak oak NN 12299 1024 6 and and CC 12299 1024 7 certain certain JJ 12299 1024 8 other other JJ 12299 1024 9 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 1024 10 these these DT 12299 1024 11 rays ray NNS 12299 1024 12 are be VBP 12299 1024 13 so so RB 12299 1024 14 large large JJ 12299 1024 15 that that IN 12299 1024 16 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1024 17 are be VBP 12299 1024 18 readily readily RB 12299 1024 19 seen see VBN 12299 1024 20 not not RB 12299 1024 21 only only RB 12299 1024 22 on on IN 12299 1024 23 a a DT 12299 1024 24 radial radial JJ 12299 1024 25 surface surface NN 12299 1024 26 , , , 12299 1024 27 but but CC 12299 1024 28 on on IN 12299 1024 29 the the DT 12299 1024 30 tangential tangential NN 12299 1024 31 as as RB 12299 1024 32 well well RB 12299 1024 33 . . . 12299 1025 1 On on IN 12299 1025 2 the the DT 12299 1025 3 former former JJ 12299 1025 4 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1025 5 appear appear VBP 12299 1025 6 as as IN 12299 1025 7 flakes flake NNS 12299 1025 8 , , , 12299 1025 9 on on IN 12299 1025 10 the the DT 12299 1025 11 latter latter JJ 12299 1025 12 as as IN 12299 1025 13 short short JJ 12299 1025 14 lines line NNS 12299 1025 15 . . . 12299 1026 1 Since since IN 12299 1026 2 these these DT 12299 1026 3 rays ray NNS 12299 1026 4 are be VBP 12299 1026 5 between between IN 12299 1026 6 the the DT 12299 1026 7 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1026 8 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1026 9 naturally naturally RB 12299 1026 10 follows follow VBZ 12299 1026 11 that that IN 12299 1026 12 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1026 13 will will MD 12299 1026 14 be be VB 12299 1026 15 vertical vertical JJ 12299 1026 16 or or CC 12299 1026 17 inclined incline VBN 12299 1026 18 according accord VBG 12299 1026 19 as as IN 12299 1026 20 the the DT 12299 1026 21 tree tree NN 12299 1026 22 is be VBZ 12299 1026 23 straight straight RB 12299 1026 24 - - HYPH 12299 1026 25 grained grain VBN 12299 1026 26 or or CC 12299 1026 27 spiral spiral NN 12299 1026 28 - - HYPH 12299 1026 29 grained grain VBN 12299 1026 30 . . . 12299 1027 1 While while IN 12299 1027 2 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1027 3 are be VBP 12299 1027 4 not not RB 12299 1027 5 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 12299 1027 6 in in IN 12299 1027 7 the the DT 12299 1027 8 softwoods softwood NNS 12299 1027 9 , , , 12299 1027 10 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1027 11 can can MD 12299 1027 12 be be VB 12299 1027 13 seen see VBN 12299 1027 14 upon upon IN 12299 1027 15 close close JJ 12299 1027 16 scrutiny scrutiny NN 12299 1027 17 , , , 12299 1027 18 and and CC 12299 1027 19 particularly particularly RB 12299 1027 20 so so IN 12299 1027 21 if if IN 12299 1027 22 a a DT 12299 1027 23 small small JJ 12299 1027 24 hand hand NN 12299 1027 25 magnifier magnifier NN 12299 1027 26 is be VBZ 12299 1027 27 used use VBN 12299 1027 28 . . . 12299 1028 1 When when WRB 12299 1028 2 wood wood NN 12299 1028 3 has have VBZ 12299 1028 4 begun begin VBN 12299 1028 5 to to TO 12299 1028 6 dry dry VB 12299 1028 7 and and CC 12299 1028 8 check check VB 12299 1028 9 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1028 10 is be VBZ 12299 1028 11 very very RB 12299 1028 12 easy easy JJ 12299 1028 13 to to TO 12299 1028 14 see see VB 12299 1028 15 whether whether IN 12299 1028 16 or or CC 12299 1028 17 not not RB 12299 1028 18 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1028 19 is be VBZ 12299 1028 20 straight- straight- JJ 12299 1028 21 or or CC 12299 1028 22 spiral spiral JJ 12299 1028 23 - - HYPH 12299 1028 24 grained grain VBN 12299 1028 25 , , , 12299 1028 26 since since IN 12299 1028 27 the the DT 12299 1028 28 checks check NNS 12299 1028 29 will will MD 12299 1028 30 for for IN 12299 1028 31 the the DT 12299 1028 32 most most JJS 12299 1028 33 part part NN 12299 1028 34 follow follow VBP 12299 1028 35 along along IN 12299 1028 36 the the DT 12299 1028 37 rays ray NNS 12299 1028 38 . . . 12299 1029 1 If if IN 12299 1029 2 one one PRP 12299 1029 3 examines examine VBZ 12299 1029 4 a a DT 12299 1029 5 row row NN 12299 1029 6 of of IN 12299 1029 7 telephone telephone NN 12299 1029 8 poles pole NNS 12299 1029 9 , , , 12299 1029 10 for for IN 12299 1029 11 example example NN 12299 1029 12 , , , 12299 1029 13 he -PRON- PRP 12299 1029 14 will will MD 12299 1029 15 probably probably RB 12299 1029 16 find find VB 12299 1029 17 that that IN 12299 1029 18 most most JJS 12299 1029 19 of of IN 12299 1029 20 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1029 21 have have VBP 12299 1029 22 checks check NNS 12299 1029 23 running run VBG 12299 1029 24 spirally spirally RB 12299 1029 25 around around IN 12299 1029 26 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1029 27 . . . 12299 1030 1 If if IN 12299 1030 2 boards board NNS 12299 1030 3 were be VBD 12299 1030 4 sawed saw VBN 12299 1030 5 from from IN 12299 1030 6 such such PDT 12299 1030 7 a a DT 12299 1030 8 pole pole NN 12299 1030 9 after after IN 12299 1030 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1030 11 was be VBD 12299 1030 12 badly badly RB 12299 1030 13 checked check VBN 12299 1030 14 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1030 15 would would MD 12299 1030 16 fall fall VB 12299 1030 17 to to IN 12299 1030 18 pieces piece NNS 12299 1030 19 of of IN 12299 1030 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1030 21 own own JJ 12299 1030 22 weight weight NN 12299 1030 23 . . . 12299 1031 1 The the DT 12299 1031 2 only only JJ 12299 1031 3 way way NN 12299 1031 4 to to TO 12299 1031 5 get get VB 12299 1031 6 straight straight JJ 12299 1031 7 material material NN 12299 1031 8 would would MD 12299 1031 9 be be VB 12299 1031 10 to to TO 12299 1031 11 split split VB 12299 1031 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1031 13 out out RP 12299 1031 14 . . . 12299 1032 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1032 2 is be VBZ 12299 1032 3 for for IN 12299 1032 4 this this DT 12299 1032 5 reason reason NN 12299 1032 6 that that WDT 12299 1032 7 split split VBD 12299 1032 8 billets billet NNS 12299 1032 9 and and CC 12299 1032 10 squares square NNS 12299 1032 11 are be VBP 12299 1032 12 stronger strong JJR 12299 1032 13 than than IN 12299 1032 14 most most JJS 12299 1032 15 sawed saw VBN 12299 1032 16 material material NN 12299 1032 17 . . . 12299 1033 1 The the DT 12299 1033 2 presence presence NN 12299 1033 3 of of IN 12299 1033 4 the the DT 12299 1033 5 spiral spiral JJ 12299 1033 6 grain grain NN 12299 1033 7 has have VBZ 12299 1033 8 little little JJ 12299 1033 9 , , , 12299 1033 10 if if IN 12299 1033 11 any any DT 12299 1033 12 , , , 12299 1033 13 effect effect NN 12299 1033 14 on on IN 12299 1033 15 the the DT 12299 1033 16 timber timber NN 12299 1033 17 when when WRB 12299 1033 18 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1033 19 is be VBZ 12299 1033 20 used use VBN 12299 1033 21 in in IN 12299 1033 22 the the DT 12299 1033 23 round round NN 12299 1033 24 , , , 12299 1033 25 but but CC 12299 1033 26 in in IN 12299 1033 27 sawed saw VBN 12299 1033 28 material material NN 12299 1033 29 the the DT 12299 1033 30 greater great JJR 12299 1033 31 the the DT 12299 1033 32 pitch pitch NN 12299 1033 33 of of IN 12299 1033 34 the the DT 12299 1033 35 spiral spiral NN 12299 1033 36 the the DT 12299 1033 37 greater great JJR 12299 1033 38 is be VBZ 12299 1033 39 the the DT 12299 1033 40 defect defect NN 12299 1033 41 . . . 12299 1034 1 KNOTS KNOTS NNP 12299 1034 2 _ _ NNP 12299 1034 3 Knots Knots NNP 12299 1034 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1034 5 are be VBP 12299 1034 6 portions portion NNS 12299 1034 7 of of IN 12299 1034 8 branches branch NNS 12299 1034 9 included include VBN 12299 1034 10 in in IN 12299 1034 11 the the DT 12299 1034 12 wood wood NN 12299 1034 13 of of IN 12299 1034 14 the the DT 12299 1034 15 stem stem NN 12299 1034 16 or or CC 12299 1034 17 larger large JJR 12299 1034 18 branch branch NN 12299 1034 19 . . . 12299 1035 1 Branches branch NNS 12299 1035 2 originate originate VBP 12299 1035 3 as as IN 12299 1035 4 a a DT 12299 1035 5 rule rule NN 12299 1035 6 from from IN 12299 1035 7 the the DT 12299 1035 8 central central JJ 12299 1035 9 axis axis NN 12299 1035 10 of of IN 12299 1035 11 a a DT 12299 1035 12 stem stem NN 12299 1035 13 , , , 12299 1035 14 and and CC 12299 1035 15 while while IN 12299 1035 16 living live VBG 12299 1035 17 increase increase NN 12299 1035 18 in in IN 12299 1035 19 size size NN 12299 1035 20 by by IN 12299 1035 21 the the DT 12299 1035 22 addition addition NN 12299 1035 23 of of IN 12299 1035 24 annual annual JJ 12299 1035 25 woody woody NN 12299 1035 26 layers layer NNS 12299 1035 27 which which WDT 12299 1035 28 are be VBP 12299 1035 29 a a DT 12299 1035 30 continuation continuation NN 12299 1035 31 of of IN 12299 1035 32 those those DT 12299 1035 33 of of IN 12299 1035 34 the the DT 12299 1035 35 stem stem NN 12299 1035 36 . . . 12299 1036 1 The the DT 12299 1036 2 included include VBN 12299 1036 3 portion portion NN 12299 1036 4 is be VBZ 12299 1036 5 irregularly irregularly RB 12299 1036 6 conical conical JJ 12299 1036 7 in in IN 12299 1036 8 shape shape NN 12299 1036 9 with with IN 12299 1036 10 the the DT 12299 1036 11 tip tip NN 12299 1036 12 at at IN 12299 1036 13 the the DT 12299 1036 14 pith pith NNP 12299 1036 15 . . . 12299 1037 1 The the DT 12299 1037 2 direction direction NN 12299 1037 3 of of IN 12299 1037 4 the the DT 12299 1037 5 fibre fibre NN 12299 1037 6 is be VBZ 12299 1037 7 at at IN 12299 1037 8 right right JJ 12299 1037 9 angles angle NNS 12299 1037 10 or or CC 12299 1037 11 oblique oblique JJ 12299 1037 12 to to IN 12299 1037 13 the the DT 12299 1037 14 grain grain NN 12299 1037 15 of of IN 12299 1037 16 the the DT 12299 1037 17 stem stem NN 12299 1037 18 , , , 12299 1037 19 thus thus RB 12299 1037 20 producing produce VBG 12299 1037 21 local local JJ 12299 1037 22 cross cross NN 12299 1037 23 grain grain NN 12299 1037 24 . . . 12299 1038 1 During during IN 12299 1038 2 the the DT 12299 1038 3 development development NN 12299 1038 4 of of IN 12299 1038 5 a a DT 12299 1038 6 tree tree NN 12299 1038 7 most most JJS 12299 1038 8 of of IN 12299 1038 9 the the DT 12299 1038 10 limbs limb NNS 12299 1038 11 , , , 12299 1038 12 especially especially RB 12299 1038 13 the the DT 12299 1038 14 lower low JJR 12299 1038 15 ones one NNS 12299 1038 16 , , , 12299 1038 17 die die VBP 12299 1038 18 , , , 12299 1038 19 but but CC 12299 1038 20 persist persist VB 12299 1038 21 for for IN 12299 1038 22 a a DT 12299 1038 23 time time NN 12299 1038 24 -- -- : 12299 1038 25 often often RB 12299 1038 26 for for IN 12299 1038 27 years year NNS 12299 1038 28 . . . 12299 1039 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 1039 2 layers layer NNS 12299 1039 3 of of IN 12299 1039 4 growth growth NN 12299 1039 5 of of IN 12299 1039 6 the the DT 12299 1039 7 stem stem NN 12299 1039 8 are be VBP 12299 1039 9 no no RB 12299 1039 10 longer long RBR 12299 1039 11 intimately intimately RB 12299 1039 12 joined join VBN 12299 1039 13 with with IN 12299 1039 14 the the DT 12299 1039 15 dead dead JJ 12299 1039 16 limb limb NN 12299 1039 17 , , , 12299 1039 18 but but CC 12299 1039 19 are be VBP 12299 1039 20 laid lay VBN 12299 1039 21 around around IN 12299 1039 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1039 23 . . . 12299 1040 1 Hence hence RB 12299 1040 2 dead dead JJ 12299 1040 3 branches branch NNS 12299 1040 4 produce produce VBP 12299 1040 5 knots knot NNS 12299 1040 6 which which WDT 12299 1040 7 are be VBP 12299 1040 8 nothing nothing NN 12299 1040 9 more more JJR 12299 1040 10 than than IN 12299 1040 11 pegs peg NNS 12299 1040 12 in in IN 12299 1040 13 a a DT 12299 1040 14 hole hole NN 12299 1040 15 , , , 12299 1040 16 and and CC 12299 1040 17 likely likely JJ 12299 1040 18 to to TO 12299 1040 19 drop drop VB 12299 1040 20 out out RP 12299 1040 21 after after IN 12299 1040 22 the the DT 12299 1040 23 tree tree NN 12299 1040 24 has have VBZ 12299 1040 25 been be VBN 12299 1040 26 sawed saw VBN 12299 1040 27 into into IN 12299 1040 28 lumber lumber NN 12299 1040 29 . . . 12299 1041 1 In in IN 12299 1041 2 grading grade VBG 12299 1041 3 lumber lumber NN 12299 1041 4 and and CC 12299 1041 5 structural structural JJ 12299 1041 6 timber timber NN 12299 1041 7 , , , 12299 1041 8 knots knot NNS 12299 1041 9 are be VBP 12299 1041 10 classified classify VBN 12299 1041 11 according accord VBG 12299 1041 12 to to IN 12299 1041 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1041 14 form form NN 12299 1041 15 , , , 12299 1041 16 size size NN 12299 1041 17 , , , 12299 1041 18 soundness soundness NN 12299 1041 19 , , , 12299 1041 20 and and CC 12299 1041 21 the the DT 12299 1041 22 firmness firmness NN 12299 1041 23 with with IN 12299 1041 24 which which WDT 12299 1041 25 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1041 26 are be VBP 12299 1041 27 held hold VBN 12299 1041 28 in in IN 12299 1041 29 place place NN 12299 1041 30 . . . 12299 1042 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1042 2 32 32 CD 12299 1042 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1042 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1042 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1042 6 32 32 CD 12299 1042 7 : : : 12299 1042 8 See see VB 12299 1042 9 Standard standard JJ 12299 1042 10 classification classification NN 12299 1042 11 of of IN 12299 1042 12 structural structural JJ 12299 1042 13 timber timber NN 12299 1042 14 . . . 12299 1043 1 Yearbook Yearbook NNP 12299 1043 2 Am Am NNP 12299 1043 3 . . . 12299 1044 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 1044 2 . . . 12299 1045 1 for for IN 12299 1045 2 Testing Testing NNP 12299 1045 3 Materials Materials NNPS 12299 1045 4 , , , 12299 1045 5 1913 1913 CD 12299 1045 6 , , , 12299 1045 7 pp pp NNP 12299 1045 8 . . . 12299 1046 1 300 300 CD 12299 1046 2 - - SYM 12299 1046 3 303 303 CD 12299 1046 4 . . . 12299 1047 1 Contains contain VBZ 12299 1047 2 three three CD 12299 1047 3 plates plate NNS 12299 1047 4 showing show VBG 12299 1047 5 standard standard JJ 12299 1047 6 defects defect NNS 12299 1047 7 . . . 12299 1047 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1048 1 Knots knot NNS 12299 1048 2 materially materially RB 12299 1048 3 affect affect VBP 12299 1048 4 checking check VBG 12299 1048 5 and and CC 12299 1048 6 warping warping NN 12299 1048 7 , , , 12299 1048 8 ease ease NN 12299 1048 9 in in IN 12299 1048 10 working working NN 12299 1048 11 , , , 12299 1048 12 and and CC 12299 1048 13 cleavability cleavability NN 12299 1048 14 of of IN 12299 1048 15 timber timber NN 12299 1048 16 . . . 12299 1049 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1049 2 are be VBP 12299 1049 3 defects defect NNS 12299 1049 4 which which WDT 12299 1049 5 weaken weaken VBP 12299 1049 6 timber timber NN 12299 1049 7 and and CC 12299 1049 8 depreciate depreciate VB 12299 1049 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1049 10 value value NN 12299 1049 11 for for IN 12299 1049 12 structural structural JJ 12299 1049 13 purposes purpose NNS 12299 1049 14 where where WRB 12299 1049 15 strength strength NN 12299 1049 16 is be VBZ 12299 1049 17 an an DT 12299 1049 18 important important JJ 12299 1049 19 consideration consideration NN 12299 1049 20 . . . 12299 1050 1 The the DT 12299 1050 2 weakening weakening NN 12299 1050 3 effect effect NN 12299 1050 4 is be VBZ 12299 1050 5 much much RB 12299 1050 6 more more RBR 12299 1050 7 serious serious JJ 12299 1050 8 where where WRB 12299 1050 9 timber timber NN 12299 1050 10 is be VBZ 12299 1050 11 subjected subject VBN 12299 1050 12 to to IN 12299 1050 13 bending bending NN 12299 1050 14 and and CC 12299 1050 15 tension tension NN 12299 1050 16 than than IN 12299 1050 17 where where WRB 12299 1050 18 under under IN 12299 1050 19 compression compression NN 12299 1050 20 . . . 12299 1051 1 The the DT 12299 1051 2 extent extent NN 12299 1051 3 to to TO 12299 1051 4 which which WDT 12299 1051 5 knots knot NNS 12299 1051 6 affect affect VBP 12299 1051 7 the the DT 12299 1051 8 strength strength NN 12299 1051 9 of of IN 12299 1051 10 a a DT 12299 1051 11 beam beam NN 12299 1051 12 depends depend VBZ 12299 1051 13 upon upon IN 12299 1051 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1051 15 position position NN 12299 1051 16 , , , 12299 1051 17 size size NN 12299 1051 18 , , , 12299 1051 19 number number NN 12299 1051 20 , , , 12299 1051 21 direction direction NN 12299 1051 22 of of IN 12299 1051 23 fibre fibre NN 12299 1051 24 , , , 12299 1051 25 and and CC 12299 1051 26 condition condition NN 12299 1051 27 . . . 12299 1052 1 A a DT 12299 1052 2 knot knot NN 12299 1052 3 on on IN 12299 1052 4 the the DT 12299 1052 5 upper upper JJ 12299 1052 6 side side NN 12299 1052 7 is be VBZ 12299 1052 8 compressed compress VBN 12299 1052 9 , , , 12299 1052 10 while while IN 12299 1052 11 one one CD 12299 1052 12 on on IN 12299 1052 13 the the DT 12299 1052 14 lower low JJR 12299 1052 15 side side NN 12299 1052 16 is be VBZ 12299 1052 17 subjected subject VBN 12299 1052 18 to to IN 12299 1052 19 tension tension NN 12299 1052 20 . . . 12299 1053 1 The the DT 12299 1053 2 knot knot NN 12299 1053 3 , , , 12299 1053 4 especially especially RB 12299 1053 5 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1053 6 as as IN 12299 1053 7 is be VBZ 12299 1053 8 often often RB 12299 1053 9 the the DT 12299 1053 10 case case NN 12299 1053 11 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1053 12 if if IN 12299 1053 13 there there EX 12299 1053 14 is be VBZ 12299 1053 15 a a DT 12299 1053 16 season season NN 12299 1053 17 check check NN 12299 1053 18 in in IN 12299 1053 19 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1053 20 , , , 12299 1053 21 offers offer VBZ 12299 1053 22 little little JJ 12299 1053 23 resistance resistance NN 12299 1053 24 to to IN 12299 1053 25 this this DT 12299 1053 26 tensile tensile JJ 12299 1053 27 stress stress NN 12299 1053 28 . . . 12299 1054 1 Small small JJ 12299 1054 2 , , , 12299 1054 3 knots knot NNS 12299 1054 4 , , , 12299 1054 5 however however RB 12299 1054 6 , , , 12299 1054 7 may may MD 12299 1054 8 be be VB 12299 1054 9 so so RB 12299 1054 10 located locate VBN 12299 1054 11 in in IN 12299 1054 12 a a DT 12299 1054 13 beam beam NN 12299 1054 14 along along IN 12299 1054 15 the the DT 12299 1054 16 neutral neutral JJ 12299 1054 17 plane plane NN 12299 1054 18 as as IN 12299 1054 19 actually actually RB 12299 1054 20 to to TO 12299 1054 21 increase increase VB 12299 1054 22 the the DT 12299 1054 23 strength strength NN 12299 1054 24 by by IN 12299 1054 25 tending tend VBG 12299 1054 26 to to TO 12299 1054 27 prevent prevent VB 12299 1054 28 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 1054 29 shearing shearing NN 12299 1054 30 . . . 12299 1055 1 Knots knot NNS 12299 1055 2 in in IN 12299 1055 3 a a DT 12299 1055 4 board board NN 12299 1055 5 or or CC 12299 1055 6 plank plank NNP 12299 1055 7 are be VBP 12299 1055 8 least least JJS 12299 1055 9 injurious injurious JJ 12299 1055 10 when when WRB 12299 1055 11 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1055 12 extend extend VBP 12299 1055 13 through through IN 12299 1055 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1055 15 at at IN 12299 1055 16 right right JJ 12299 1055 17 angles angle NNS 12299 1055 18 to to IN 12299 1055 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1055 20 broadest broad JJS 12299 1055 21 surface surface NN 12299 1055 22 . . . 12299 1056 1 Knots knot NNS 12299 1056 2 which which WDT 12299 1056 3 occur occur VBP 12299 1056 4 near near IN 12299 1056 5 the the DT 12299 1056 6 ends end NNS 12299 1056 7 of of IN 12299 1056 8 a a DT 12299 1056 9 beam beam NN 12299 1056 10 do do VBP 12299 1056 11 not not RB 12299 1056 12 weaken weaken VB 12299 1056 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1056 14 . . . 12299 1057 1 Sound sound JJ 12299 1057 2 knots knot NNS 12299 1057 3 which which WDT 12299 1057 4 occur occur VBP 12299 1057 5 in in IN 12299 1057 6 the the DT 12299 1057 7 central central JJ 12299 1057 8 portion portion NN 12299 1057 9 one one CD 12299 1057 10 - - HYPH 12299 1057 11 fourth fourth NN 12299 1057 12 the the DT 12299 1057 13 height height NN 12299 1057 14 of of IN 12299 1057 15 the the DT 12299 1057 16 beam beam NN 12299 1057 17 from from IN 12299 1057 18 either either DT 12299 1057 19 edge edge NN 12299 1057 20 are be VBP 12299 1057 21 not not RB 12299 1057 22 serious serious JJ 12299 1057 23 defects defect NNS 12299 1057 24 . . . 12299 1058 1 Extensive extensive JJ 12299 1058 2 experiments experiment NNS 12299 1058 3 by by IN 12299 1058 4 the the DT 12299 1058 5 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1058 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1058 7 Service[33 Service[33 , 12299 1058 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1058 9 indicate indicate VBP 12299 1058 10 the the DT 12299 1058 11 following following JJ 12299 1058 12 effects effect NNS 12299 1058 13 of of IN 12299 1058 14 knots knot NNS 12299 1058 15 on on IN 12299 1058 16 structural structural JJ 12299 1058 17 timbers timber NNS 12299 1058 18 : : : 12299 1058 19 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1058 20 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1058 21 33 33 CD 12299 1058 22 : : : 12299 1058 23 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1058 24 . . . 12299 1059 1 108 108 CD 12299 1059 2 , , , 12299 1059 3 pp pp NNP 12299 1059 4 . . . 12299 1060 1 52 52 CD 12299 1060 2 _ _ NNP 12299 1060 3 et et NNP 12299 1060 4 seq seq NN 12299 1060 5 . . . 12299 1060 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1060 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1060 8 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1060 9 1 1 LS 12299 1060 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1060 11 Knots knot NNS 12299 1060 12 do do VBP 12299 1060 13 not not RB 12299 1060 14 materially materially RB 12299 1060 15 influence influence VB 12299 1060 16 the the DT 12299 1060 17 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 1060 18 of of IN 12299 1060 19 structural structural JJ 12299 1060 20 timber timber NN 12299 1060 21 . . . 12299 1061 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1061 2 2 2 LS 12299 1061 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1061 4 Only only JJ 12299 1061 5 defects defect NNS 12299 1061 6 of of IN 12299 1061 7 the the DT 12299 1061 8 most most RBS 12299 1061 9 serious serious JJ 12299 1061 10 character character NN 12299 1061 11 affect affect VBP 12299 1061 12 the the DT 12299 1061 13 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1061 14 limit limit NN 12299 1061 15 of of IN 12299 1061 16 beams beam NNS 12299 1061 17 . . . 12299 1062 1 Stiffness stiffness JJ 12299 1062 2 and and CC 12299 1062 3 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1062 4 strength strength NN 12299 1062 5 are be VBP 12299 1062 6 more more RBR 12299 1062 7 dependent dependent JJ 12299 1062 8 upon upon IN 12299 1062 9 the the DT 12299 1062 10 quality quality NN 12299 1062 11 of of IN 12299 1062 12 the the DT 12299 1062 13 wood wood NN 12299 1062 14 fibre fibre NN 12299 1062 15 than than IN 12299 1062 16 upon upon IN 12299 1062 17 defects defect NNS 12299 1062 18 in in IN 12299 1062 19 the the DT 12299 1062 20 beam beam NN 12299 1062 21 . . . 12299 1063 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1063 2 3 3 LS 12299 1063 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1063 4 The the DT 12299 1063 5 effect effect NN 12299 1063 6 of of IN 12299 1063 7 knots knot NNS 12299 1063 8 is be VBZ 12299 1063 9 to to TO 12299 1063 10 reduce reduce VB 12299 1063 11 the the DT 12299 1063 12 difference difference NN 12299 1063 13 between between IN 12299 1063 14 the the DT 12299 1063 15 fibre fibre NN 12299 1063 16 stress stress NN 12299 1063 17 at at IN 12299 1063 18 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1063 19 limit limit NN 12299 1063 20 and and CC 12299 1063 21 the the DT 12299 1063 22 modulus modulus NN 12299 1063 23 of of IN 12299 1063 24 rupture rupture NN 12299 1063 25 of of IN 12299 1063 26 beams beam NNS 12299 1063 27 . . . 12299 1064 1 The the DT 12299 1064 2 breaking break VBG 12299 1064 3 strength strength NN 12299 1064 4 is be VBZ 12299 1064 5 very very RB 12299 1064 6 susceptible susceptible JJ 12299 1064 7 to to IN 12299 1064 8 defects defect NNS 12299 1064 9 . . . 12299 1065 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1065 2 4 4 LS 12299 1065 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1065 4 Sound sound JJ 12299 1065 5 knots knot NNS 12299 1065 6 do do VBP 12299 1065 7 not not RB 12299 1065 8 weaken weaken VB 12299 1065 9 wood wood NN 12299 1065 10 when when WRB 12299 1065 11 subject subject JJ 12299 1065 12 to to IN 12299 1065 13 compression compression NN 12299 1065 14 parallel parallel NN 12299 1065 15 to to IN 12299 1065 16 the the DT 12299 1065 17 grain grain NN 12299 1065 18 . . . 12299 1066 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1066 2 34 34 CD 12299 1066 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1066 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1066 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1066 6 34 34 CD 12299 1066 7 : : : 12299 1066 8 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1066 9 . . . 12299 1067 1 115 115 CD 12299 1067 2 , , , 12299 1067 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1067 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1067 5 Service Service NNP 12299 1067 6 : : : 12299 1067 7 Mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1067 8 properties property NNS 12299 1067 9 of of IN 12299 1067 10 western western JJ 12299 1067 11 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 1067 12 , , , 12299 1067 13 p. p. NN 12299 1068 1 20 20 CD 12299 1068 2 . . . 12299 1068 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1069 1 FROST FROST NNS 12299 1069 2 SPLITS SPLITS NNP 12299 1069 3 A a DT 12299 1069 4 common common JJ 12299 1069 5 defect defect NN 12299 1069 6 in in IN 12299 1069 7 standing stand VBG 12299 1069 8 timber timber NN 12299 1069 9 results result NNS 12299 1069 10 from from IN 12299 1069 11 radial radial JJ 12299 1069 12 splits split NNS 12299 1069 13 which which WDT 12299 1069 14 extend extend VBP 12299 1069 15 inward inward RB 12299 1069 16 from from IN 12299 1069 17 the the DT 12299 1069 18 periphery periphery NN 12299 1069 19 of of IN 12299 1069 20 the the DT 12299 1069 21 tree tree NN 12299 1069 22 , , , 12299 1069 23 and and CC 12299 1069 24 almost almost RB 12299 1069 25 , , , 12299 1069 26 if if IN 12299 1069 27 not not RB 12299 1069 28 always always RB 12299 1069 29 , , , 12299 1069 30 near near IN 12299 1069 31 the the DT 12299 1069 32 base base NN 12299 1069 33 . . . 12299 1070 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1070 2 is be VBZ 12299 1070 3 most most RBS 12299 1070 4 common common JJ 12299 1070 5 in in IN 12299 1070 6 trees tree NNS 12299 1070 7 which which WDT 12299 1070 8 split split VBD 12299 1070 9 readily readily RB 12299 1070 10 , , , 12299 1070 11 and and CC 12299 1070 12 those those DT 12299 1070 13 with with IN 12299 1070 14 large large JJ 12299 1070 15 rays ray NNS 12299 1070 16 and and CC 12299 1070 17 thin thin JJ 12299 1070 18 bark bark NN 12299 1070 19 . . . 12299 1071 1 The the DT 12299 1071 2 primary primary JJ 12299 1071 3 cause cause NN 12299 1071 4 of of IN 12299 1071 5 the the DT 12299 1071 6 splitting splitting NN 12299 1071 7 is be VBZ 12299 1071 8 frost frost JJ 12299 1071 9 , , , 12299 1071 10 and and CC 12299 1071 11 various various JJ 12299 1071 12 theories theory NNS 12299 1071 13 have have VBP 12299 1071 14 been be VBN 12299 1071 15 advanced advance VBN 12299 1071 16 to to TO 12299 1071 17 explain explain VB 12299 1071 18 the the DT 12299 1071 19 action action NN 12299 1071 20 . . . 12299 1072 1 R. R. NNP 12299 1072 2 Hartig[35 Hartig[35 NNP 12299 1072 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1072 4 believes believe VBZ 12299 1072 5 that that IN 12299 1072 6 freezing freeze VBG 12299 1072 7 forces force NNS 12299 1072 8 out out RP 12299 1072 9 a a DT 12299 1072 10 part part NN 12299 1072 11 of of IN 12299 1072 12 the the DT 12299 1072 13 imbibition imbibition NN 12299 1072 14 water water NN 12299 1072 15 of of IN 12299 1072 16 the the DT 12299 1072 17 cell cell NN 12299 1072 18 walls wall NNS 12299 1072 19 , , , 12299 1072 20 thereby thereby RB 12299 1072 21 causing cause VBG 12299 1072 22 the the DT 12299 1072 23 wood wood NN 12299 1072 24 to to TO 12299 1072 25 shrink shrink VB 12299 1072 26 , , , 12299 1072 27 and and CC 12299 1072 28 if if IN 12299 1072 29 the the DT 12299 1072 30 interior interior JJ 12299 1072 31 layers layer NNS 12299 1072 32 have have VBP 12299 1072 33 not not RB 12299 1072 34 yet yet RB 12299 1072 35 been be VBN 12299 1072 36 cooled cool VBN 12299 1072 37 , , , 12299 1072 38 tangential tangential JJ 12299 1072 39 strains strain NNS 12299 1072 40 arise arise VBP 12299 1072 41 which which WDT 12299 1072 42 finally finally RB 12299 1072 43 produce produce VBP 12299 1072 44 radial radial JJ 12299 1072 45 clefts cleft NNS 12299 1072 46 . . . 12299 1073 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1073 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1073 3 35 35 CD 12299 1073 4 : : : 12299 1073 5 Hartig Hartig NNP 12299 1073 6 , , , 12299 1073 7 R. R. NNP 12299 1073 8 : : : 12299 1073 9 The the DT 12299 1073 10 diseases disease NNS 12299 1073 11 of of IN 12299 1073 12 trees tree NNS 12299 1073 13 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1073 14 trans tran NNS 12299 1073 15 . . . 12299 1074 1 by by IN 12299 1074 2 Somerville Somerville NNP 12299 1074 3 and and CC 12299 1074 4 Ward Ward NNP 12299 1074 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1074 6 , , , 12299 1074 7 London London NNP 12299 1074 8 and and CC 12299 1074 9 New New NNP 12299 1074 10 York York NNP 12299 1074 11 , , , 12299 1074 12 1894 1894 CD 12299 1074 13 , , , 12299 1074 14 pp pp NNP 12299 1074 15 . . . 12299 1075 1 282 282 CD 12299 1075 2 - - SYM 12299 1075 3 294 294 CD 12299 1075 4 . . . 12299 1075 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1076 1 Another another DT 12299 1076 2 theory theory NN 12299 1076 3 holds hold VBZ 12299 1076 4 that that IN 12299 1076 5 the the DT 12299 1076 6 water water NN 12299 1076 7 is be VBZ 12299 1076 8 not not RB 12299 1076 9 driven drive VBN 12299 1076 10 out out IN 12299 1076 11 of of IN 12299 1076 12 the the DT 12299 1076 13 cell cell NN 12299 1076 14 walls wall NNS 12299 1076 15 , , , 12299 1076 16 but but CC 12299 1076 17 that that DT 12299 1076 18 difference difference NN 12299 1076 19 in in IN 12299 1076 20 temperature temperature NN 12299 1076 21 conditions condition NNS 12299 1076 22 of of IN 12299 1076 23 inner inner JJ 12299 1076 24 and and CC 12299 1076 25 outer outer JJ 12299 1076 26 layers layer NNS 12299 1076 27 is be VBZ 12299 1076 28 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 1076 29 sufficient sufficient JJ 12299 1076 30 to to TO 12299 1076 31 set set VB 12299 1076 32 up up RP 12299 1076 33 the the DT 12299 1076 34 strains strain NNS 12299 1076 35 , , , 12299 1076 36 resulting result VBG 12299 1076 37 in in IN 12299 1076 38 splitting splitting NN 12299 1076 39 . . . 12299 1077 1 An an DT 12299 1077 2 air air NN 12299 1077 3 temperature temperature NN 12299 1077 4 of of IN 12299 1077 5 14 14 NNP 12299 1077 6 ° ° , 12299 1077 7 F F NNP 12299 1077 8 . . . 12299 1078 1 or or CC 12299 1078 2 less less RBR 12299 1078 3 is be VBZ 12299 1078 4 considered consider VBN 12299 1078 5 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1078 6 to to TO 12299 1078 7 produce produce VB 12299 1078 8 frost frost NN 12299 1078 9 splits split NNS 12299 1078 10 . . . 12299 1079 1 A a DT 12299 1079 2 still still RB 12299 1079 3 more more RBR 12299 1079 4 recent recent JJ 12299 1079 5 theory theory NN 12299 1079 6 is be VBZ 12299 1079 7 that that DT 12299 1079 8 of of IN 12299 1079 9 Busse[36 busse[36 ADD 12299 1079 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1079 11 who who WP 12299 1079 12 considers consider VBZ 12299 1079 13 the the DT 12299 1079 14 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1079 15 action action NN 12299 1079 16 of of IN 12299 1079 17 the the DT 12299 1079 18 wind wind NN 12299 1079 19 a a DT 12299 1079 20 very very RB 12299 1079 21 important important JJ 12299 1079 22 factor factor NN 12299 1079 23 . . . 12299 1080 1 He -PRON- PRP 12299 1080 2 observed observe VBD 12299 1080 3 : : : 12299 1080 4 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1080 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1080 6 a a DT 12299 1080 7 _ _ NNP 12299 1080 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1080 9 Frost Frost NNP 12299 1080 10 splits split NNS 12299 1080 11 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1080 12 occur occur VBP 12299 1080 13 at at IN 12299 1080 14 higher high JJR 12299 1080 15 temperatures temperature NNS 12299 1080 16 than than IN 12299 1080 17 14 14â CD 12299 1080 18 ° ° , 12299 1080 19 F F NNP 12299 1080 20 . . . 12299 1081 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1081 2 _ _ NNP 12299 1081 3 b b NNP 12299 1081 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1081 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1081 6 Most Most JJS 12299 1081 7 splits split NNS 12299 1081 8 take take VBP 12299 1081 9 place place NN 12299 1081 10 shortly shortly RB 12299 1081 11 before before IN 12299 1081 12 sunrise sunrise NN 12299 1081 13 , , , 12299 1081 14 _ _ NNP 12299 1081 15 i.e. i.e. FW 12299 1081 16 _ _ NNP 12299 1081 17 , , , 12299 1081 18 at at IN 12299 1081 19 the the DT 12299 1081 20 time time NN 12299 1081 21 of of IN 12299 1081 22 lowest low JJS 12299 1081 23 air air NN 12299 1081 24 and and CC 12299 1081 25 soil soil NN 12299 1081 26 temperature temperature NN 12299 1081 27 ; ; : 12299 1081 28 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1081 29 are be VBP 12299 1081 30 never never RB 12299 1081 31 heard hear VBN 12299 1081 32 to to TO 12299 1081 33 take take VB 12299 1081 34 place place NN 12299 1081 35 at at IN 12299 1081 36 noon noon NN 12299 1081 37 , , , 12299 1081 38 afternoon afternoon NN 12299 1081 39 , , , 12299 1081 40 or or CC 12299 1081 41 evening evening NN 12299 1081 42 . . . 12299 1082 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1082 2 _ _ NNP 12299 1082 3 c c NNP 12299 1082 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1082 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1082 6 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1082 7 always always RB 12299 1082 8 occur occur VBP 12299 1082 9 between between IN 12299 1082 10 two two CD 12299 1082 11 roots root NNS 12299 1082 12 or or CC 12299 1082 13 between between IN 12299 1082 14 the the DT 12299 1082 15 collars collar NNS 12299 1082 16 of of IN 12299 1082 17 two two CD 12299 1082 18 roots root NNS 12299 1082 19 , , , 12299 1082 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1082 21 _ _ NNP 12299 1082 22 d d NNP 12299 1082 23 _ _ NNP 12299 1082 24 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1082 25 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1082 26 are be VBP 12299 1082 27 most most RBS 12299 1082 28 frequent frequent JJ 12299 1082 29 in in IN 12299 1082 30 old old JJ 12299 1082 31 , , , 12299 1082 32 stout stout RB 12299 1082 33 - - HYPH 12299 1082 34 rooted root VBN 12299 1082 35 , , , 12299 1082 36 broad broad RB 12299 1082 37 - - HYPH 12299 1082 38 crowned crown VBN 12299 1082 39 trees tree NNS 12299 1082 40 ; ; : 12299 1082 41 in in IN 12299 1082 42 younger young JJR 12299 1082 43 stands stand VBZ 12299 1082 44 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1082 45 is be VBZ 12299 1082 46 always always RB 12299 1082 47 the the DT 12299 1082 48 stoutest stout JJS 12299 1082 49 members member NNS 12299 1082 50 that that WDT 12299 1082 51 are be VBP 12299 1082 52 found find VBN 12299 1082 53 with with IN 12299 1082 54 frost frost JJ 12299 1082 55 splits split NNS 12299 1082 56 , , , 12299 1082 57 while while IN 12299 1082 58 in in IN 12299 1082 59 quite quite RB 12299 1082 60 young young JJ 12299 1082 61 stands stand NNS 12299 1082 62 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1082 63 are be VBP 12299 1082 64 altogether altogether RB 12299 1082 65 absent absent JJ 12299 1082 66 , , , 12299 1082 67 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1082 68 _ _ NNP 12299 1082 69 e e NNP 12299 1082 70 _ _ NNP 12299 1082 71 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1082 72 Trees tree NNS 12299 1082 73 on on IN 12299 1082 74 wet wet JJ 12299 1082 75 sites site NNS 12299 1082 76 are be VBP 12299 1082 77 most most RBS 12299 1082 78 liable liable JJ 12299 1082 79 to to IN 12299 1082 80 splits split NNS 12299 1082 81 , , , 12299 1082 82 due due IN 12299 1082 83 to to IN 12299 1082 84 difference difference NN 12299 1082 85 in in IN 12299 1082 86 wood wood NN 12299 1082 87 structure structure NN 12299 1082 88 , , , 12299 1082 89 just just RB 12299 1082 90 as as IN 12299 1082 91 difference difference NN 12299 1082 92 in in IN 12299 1082 93 wood wood NN 12299 1082 94 structure structure NN 12299 1082 95 makes make VBZ 12299 1082 96 different different JJ 12299 1082 97 species specie NNS 12299 1082 98 vary vary VBP 12299 1082 99 in in IN 12299 1082 100 this this DT 12299 1082 101 regard regard NN 12299 1082 102 . . . 12299 1083 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1083 2 _ _ NNP 12299 1083 3 f f NNP 12299 1083 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1083 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1083 6 Frost Frost NNP 12299 1083 7 splits split NNS 12299 1083 8 are be VBP 12299 1083 9 most most RBS 12299 1083 10 numerous numerous JJ 12299 1083 11 less less JJR 12299 1083 12 than than IN 12299 1083 13 three three CD 12299 1083 14 feet foot NNS 12299 1083 15 above above IN 12299 1083 16 the the DT 12299 1083 17 ground ground NN 12299 1083 18 . . . 12299 1084 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1084 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 1084 3 36 36 CD 12299 1084 4 : : : 12299 1084 5 Busse Busse NNP 12299 1084 6 , , , 12299 1084 7 W. W. NNP 12299 1084 8 : : : 12299 1084 9 Frost- Frost- NNP 12299 1084 10 , , , 12299 1084 11 Ring- Ring- NNP 12299 1084 12 und und VBP 12299 1084 13 Kernrisse Kernrisse NNP 12299 1084 14 . . . 12299 1085 1 Forstwiss Forstwiss NNP 12299 1085 2 . . . 12299 1086 1 Centralb Centralb NNP 12299 1086 2 . . . 12299 1086 3 , , , 12299 1086 4 XXXII XXXII NNP 12299 1086 5 , , , 12299 1086 6 2 2 CD 12299 1086 7 , , , 12299 1086 8 1910 1910 CD 12299 1086 9 , , , 12299 1086 10 pp pp NNP 12299 1086 11 . . . 12299 1087 1 74 74 CD 12299 1087 2 - - SYM 12299 1087 3 81 81 CD 12299 1087 4 . . . 12299 1087 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1088 1 When when WRB 12299 1088 2 a a DT 12299 1088 3 tree tree NN 12299 1088 4 is be VBZ 12299 1088 5 swayed sway VBN 12299 1088 6 by by IN 12299 1088 7 the the DT 12299 1088 8 wind wind NN 12299 1088 9 the the DT 12299 1088 10 roots root NNS 12299 1088 11 are be VBP 12299 1088 12 counteracting counteract VBG 12299 1088 13 forces force NNS 12299 1088 14 , , , 12299 1088 15 and and CC 12299 1088 16 the the DT 12299 1088 17 wood wood NN 12299 1088 18 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1088 19 are be VBP 12299 1088 20 tested test VBN 12299 1088 21 in in IN 12299 1088 22 tension tension NN 12299 1088 23 and and CC 12299 1088 24 compression compression NN 12299 1088 25 by by IN 12299 1088 26 the the DT 12299 1088 27 opposing oppose VBG 12299 1088 28 forces force NNS 12299 1088 29 ; ; : 12299 1088 30 where where WRB 12299 1088 31 the the DT 12299 1088 32 roots root NNS 12299 1088 33 exercise exercise VBP 12299 1088 34 tension tension NN 12299 1088 35 stresses stress VBZ 12299 1088 36 most most RBS 12299 1088 37 effectively effectively RB 12299 1088 38 the the DT 12299 1088 39 effect effect NN 12299 1088 40 of of IN 12299 1088 41 compression compression NN 12299 1088 42 stresses stress NNS 12299 1088 43 is be VBZ 12299 1088 44 at at IN 12299 1088 45 a a DT 12299 1088 46 minimum minimum NN 12299 1088 47 ; ; : 12299 1088 48 only only RB 12299 1088 49 where where WRB 12299 1088 50 the the DT 12299 1088 51 pressure pressure NN 12299 1088 52 is be VBZ 12299 1088 53 in in IN 12299 1088 54 excess excess NN 12299 1088 55 of of IN 12299 1088 56 the the DT 12299 1088 57 tension tension NN 12299 1088 58 , , , 12299 1088 59 _ _ NNP 12299 1088 60 i.e. i.e. FW 12299 1088 61 _ _ NNP 12299 1088 62 , , , 12299 1088 63 between between IN 12299 1088 64 the the DT 12299 1088 65 roots root NNS 12299 1088 66 , , , 12299 1088 67 can can MD 12299 1088 68 a a DT 12299 1088 69 separation separation NN 12299 1088 70 of of IN 12299 1088 71 the the DT 12299 1088 72 fibre fibre NN 12299 1088 73 result result NN 12299 1088 74 . . . 12299 1089 1 Hence hence RB 12299 1089 2 , , , 12299 1089 3 when when WRB 12299 1089 4 by by IN 12299 1089 5 frost frost NN 12299 1089 6 a a DT 12299 1089 7 tension tension NN 12299 1089 8 on on IN 12299 1089 9 the the DT 12299 1089 10 entire entire JJ 12299 1089 11 periphery periphery NN 12299 1089 12 is be VBZ 12299 1089 13 established establish VBN 12299 1089 14 , , , 12299 1089 15 and and CC 12299 1089 16 the the DT 12299 1089 17 wind wind NN 12299 1089 18 localizes localize VBZ 12299 1089 19 additional additional JJ 12299 1089 20 strains strain NNS 12299 1089 21 , , , 12299 1089 22 failure failure NN 12299 1089 23 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1089 24 . . . 12299 1090 1 The the DT 12299 1090 2 stronger strong JJR 12299 1090 3 the the DT 12299 1090 4 compression compression NN 12299 1090 5 and and CC 12299 1090 6 tension tension NN 12299 1090 7 , , , 12299 1090 8 the the DT 12299 1090 9 severer severer NN 12299 1090 10 the the DT 12299 1090 11 strains strain NNS 12299 1090 12 and and CC 12299 1090 13 the the DT 12299 1090 14 oftener oftener NN 12299 1090 15 failures failure NNS 12299 1090 16 occur occur VBP 12299 1090 17 . . . 12299 1091 1 The the DT 12299 1091 2 occurrence occurrence NN 12299 1091 3 of of IN 12299 1091 4 reports report NNS 12299 1091 5 of of IN 12299 1091 6 frost frost JJ 12299 1091 7 splits split NNS 12299 1091 8 on on IN 12299 1091 9 wind wind NN 12299 1091 10 - - HYPH 12299 1091 11 still still RB 12299 1091 12 days day NNS 12299 1091 13 is be VBZ 12299 1091 14 believed believe VBN 12299 1091 15 by by IN 12299 1091 16 Busse Busse NNP 12299 1091 17 to to TO 12299 1091 18 be be VB 12299 1091 19 due due IN 12299 1091 20 to to IN 12299 1091 21 the the DT 12299 1091 22 opening opening NN 12299 1091 23 of of IN 12299 1091 24 old old JJ 12299 1091 25 frost frost NN 12299 1091 26 splits split NNS 12299 1091 27 where where WRB 12299 1091 28 the the DT 12299 1091 29 tension tension NN 12299 1091 30 produced produce VBN 12299 1091 31 by by IN 12299 1091 32 the the DT 12299 1091 33 frost frost NN 12299 1091 34 alone alone RB 12299 1091 35 is be VBZ 12299 1091 36 sufficient sufficient JJ 12299 1091 37 . . . 12299 1092 1 Frost frost JJ 12299 1092 2 splits split NNS 12299 1092 3 may may MD 12299 1092 4 heal heal VB 12299 1092 5 over over RP 12299 1092 6 temporarily temporarily RB 12299 1092 7 , , , 12299 1092 8 but but CC 12299 1092 9 usually usually RB 12299 1092 10 open open VB 12299 1092 11 up up RP 12299 1092 12 again again RB 12299 1092 13 during during IN 12299 1092 14 the the DT 12299 1092 15 following follow VBG 12299 1092 16 winter winter NN 12299 1092 17 . . . 12299 1093 1 The the DT 12299 1093 2 presence presence NN 12299 1093 3 of of IN 12299 1093 4 old old JJ 12299 1093 5 splits split NNS 12299 1093 6 is be VBZ 12299 1093 7 often often RB 12299 1093 8 indicated indicate VBN 12299 1093 9 by by IN 12299 1093 10 a a DT 12299 1093 11 ridge ridge NN 12299 1093 12 of of IN 12299 1093 13 callous callous JJ 12299 1093 14 , , , 12299 1093 15 the the DT 12299 1093 16 result result NN 12299 1093 17 of of IN 12299 1093 18 the the DT 12299 1093 19 cambium cambium NN 12299 1093 20 's 's POS 12299 1093 21 effort effort NN 12299 1093 22 to to TO 12299 1093 23 occlude occlude VB 12299 1093 24 the the DT 12299 1093 25 wound wound NN 12299 1093 26 . . . 12299 1094 1 Frost Frost NNP 12299 1094 2 splits split VBZ 12299 1094 3 not not RB 12299 1094 4 only only RB 12299 1094 5 affect affect VBP 12299 1094 6 the the DT 12299 1094 7 value value NN 12299 1094 8 of of IN 12299 1094 9 lumber lumber NN 12299 1094 10 , , , 12299 1094 11 but but CC 12299 1094 12 also also RB 12299 1094 13 afford afford VB 12299 1094 14 an an DT 12299 1094 15 entrance entrance NN 12299 1094 16 into into IN 12299 1094 17 the the DT 12299 1094 18 living living NN 12299 1094 19 tree tree NN 12299 1094 20 for for IN 12299 1094 21 disease disease NN 12299 1094 22 and and CC 12299 1094 23 decay decay NN 12299 1094 24 . . . 12299 1095 1 SHAKES SHAKES NNP 12299 1095 2 , , , 12299 1095 3 GALLS GALLS NNP 12299 1095 4 , , , 12299 1095 5 PITCH PITCH NNP 12299 1095 6 POCKETS POCKETS NNP 12299 1095 7 _ _ NNP 12299 1095 8 Heart Heart NNP 12299 1095 9 shake shake VB 12299 1095 10 _ _ NNP 12299 1095 11 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1095 12 in in RP 12299 1095 13 nearly nearly RB 12299 1095 14 all all DT 12299 1095 15 overmature overmature NN 12299 1095 16 timber timber NN 12299 1095 17 , , , 12299 1095 18 being be VBG 12299 1095 19 more more RBR 12299 1095 20 frequent frequent JJ 12299 1095 21 in in IN 12299 1095 22 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 1095 23 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1095 24 especially especially RB 12299 1095 25 oak oak NN 12299 1095 26 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1095 27 than than IN 12299 1095 28 in in IN 12299 1095 29 conifers conifer NNS 12299 1095 30 . . . 12299 1096 1 In in IN 12299 1096 2 typical typical JJ 12299 1096 3 heart heart NN 12299 1096 4 shake shake VBP 12299 1096 5 the the DT 12299 1096 6 centre centre NN 12299 1096 7 of of IN 12299 1096 8 the the DT 12299 1096 9 hole hole NN 12299 1096 10 shows show VBZ 12299 1096 11 indications indication NNS 12299 1096 12 of of IN 12299 1096 13 becoming become VBG 12299 1096 14 hollow hollow JJ 12299 1096 15 and and CC 12299 1096 16 radial radial JJ 12299 1096 17 clefts cleft NNS 12299 1096 18 of of IN 12299 1096 19 varying vary VBG 12299 1096 20 size size NN 12299 1096 21 extend extend VBP 12299 1096 22 outward outward RB 12299 1096 23 from from IN 12299 1096 24 the the DT 12299 1096 25 pith pith NNP 12299 1096 26 , , , 12299 1096 27 being be VBG 12299 1096 28 widest wide JJS 12299 1096 29 inward inward RB 12299 1096 30 . . . 12299 1097 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1097 2 frequently frequently RB 12299 1097 3 affects affect VBZ 12299 1097 4 only only RB 12299 1097 5 the the DT 12299 1097 6 butt butt NN 12299 1097 7 log log NN 12299 1097 8 , , , 12299 1097 9 but but CC 12299 1097 10 may may MD 12299 1097 11 extend extend VB 12299 1097 12 to to IN 12299 1097 13 the the DT 12299 1097 14 entire entire JJ 12299 1097 15 hole hole NN 12299 1097 16 and and CC 12299 1097 17 even even RB 12299 1097 18 the the DT 12299 1097 19 larger large JJR 12299 1097 20 branches branch NNS 12299 1097 21 . . . 12299 1098 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1098 2 usually usually RB 12299 1098 3 results result VBZ 12299 1098 4 from from IN 12299 1098 5 a a DT 12299 1098 6 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1098 7 of of IN 12299 1098 8 the the DT 12299 1098 9 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 1098 10 due due JJ 12299 1098 11 probably probably RB 12299 1098 12 to to IN 12299 1098 13 chemical chemical NN 12299 1098 14 changes change NNS 12299 1098 15 in in IN 12299 1098 16 the the DT 12299 1098 17 wood wood NN 12299 1098 18 . . . 12299 1099 1 When when WRB 12299 1099 2 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1099 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 1099 4 of of IN 12299 1099 5 a a DT 12299 1099 6 single single JJ 12299 1099 7 cleft cleft NNS 12299 1099 8 extending extend VBG 12299 1099 9 across across IN 12299 1099 10 the the DT 12299 1099 11 pith pith NN 12299 1099 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1099 13 is be VBZ 12299 1099 14 termed term VBN 12299 1099 15 _ _ NNP 12299 1099 16 simple simple JJ 12299 1099 17 heart heart NN 12299 1099 18 shake shake VB 12299 1099 19 _ _ NNP 12299 1099 20 . . . 12299 1100 1 Shake shake NN 12299 1100 2 of of IN 12299 1100 3 this this DT 12299 1100 4 character character NN 12299 1100 5 in in IN 12299 1100 6 straight straight RB 12299 1100 7 - - HYPH 12299 1100 8 grained grain VBN 12299 1100 9 trees tree NNS 12299 1100 10 affects affect VBZ 12299 1100 11 only only RB 12299 1100 12 one one CD 12299 1100 13 or or CC 12299 1100 14 two two CD 12299 1100 15 central central JJ 12299 1100 16 boards board NNS 12299 1100 17 when when WRB 12299 1100 18 cut cut VBN 12299 1100 19 into into IN 12299 1100 20 lumber lumber NN 12299 1100 21 , , , 12299 1100 22 but but CC 12299 1100 23 in in IN 12299 1100 24 spiral spiral NN 12299 1100 25 - - HYPH 12299 1100 26 grained grain VBN 12299 1100 27 timber timber NN 12299 1100 28 the the DT 12299 1100 29 damage damage NN 12299 1100 30 is be VBZ 12299 1100 31 much much RB 12299 1100 32 greater great JJR 12299 1100 33 . . . 12299 1101 1 When when WRB 12299 1101 2 shake shake VB 12299 1101 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 1101 4 of of IN 12299 1101 5 several several JJ 12299 1101 6 radial radial JJ 12299 1101 7 clefts cleft NNS 12299 1101 8 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1101 9 is be VBZ 12299 1101 10 termed term VBN 12299 1101 11 _ _ NNP 12299 1101 12 star star NN 12299 1101 13 shake shake NN 12299 1101 14 _ _ NNP 12299 1101 15 . . . 12299 1102 1 In in IN 12299 1102 2 some some DT 12299 1102 3 instances instance NNS 12299 1102 4 one one CD 12299 1102 5 or or CC 12299 1102 6 more more JJR 12299 1102 7 of of IN 12299 1102 8 these these DT 12299 1102 9 clefts cleft NNS 12299 1102 10 may may MD 12299 1102 11 extend extend VB 12299 1102 12 nearly nearly RB 12299 1102 13 to to IN 12299 1102 14 the the DT 12299 1102 15 bark bark NN 12299 1102 16 . . . 12299 1103 1 In in IN 12299 1103 2 felled fell VBN 12299 1103 3 or or CC 12299 1103 4 converted convert VBN 12299 1103 5 timber timber NN 12299 1103 6 clefts cleft NNS 12299 1103 7 due due JJ 12299 1103 8 to to IN 12299 1103 9 heart heart NN 12299 1103 10 shake shake NN 12299 1103 11 may may MD 12299 1103 12 be be VB 12299 1103 13 distinguished distinguish VBN 12299 1103 14 from from IN 12299 1103 15 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 1103 16 cracks crack NNS 12299 1103 17 by by IN 12299 1103 18 the the DT 12299 1103 19 darker dark JJR 12299 1103 20 color color NN 12299 1103 21 of of IN 12299 1103 22 the the DT 12299 1103 23 exposed expose VBN 12299 1103 24 surfaces surface NNS 12299 1103 25 . . . 12299 1104 1 Such such JJ 12299 1104 2 clefts cleft NNS 12299 1104 3 , , , 12299 1104 4 however however RB 12299 1104 5 , , , 12299 1104 6 tend tend VBP 12299 1104 7 to to TO 12299 1104 8 open open VB 12299 1104 9 up up RP 12299 1104 10 more more RBR 12299 1104 11 and and CC 12299 1104 12 more more RBR 12299 1104 13 as as IN 12299 1104 14 the the DT 12299 1104 15 timber timber NN 12299 1104 16 seasons season NNS 12299 1104 17 . . . 12299 1105 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1105 2 Cup Cup NNP 12299 1105 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1105 4 or or CC 12299 1105 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1105 6 ring ring NN 12299 1105 7 shake shake NN 12299 1105 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1105 9 results result NNS 12299 1105 10 from from IN 12299 1105 11 the the DT 12299 1105 12 pulling pull VBG 12299 1105 13 apart apart RB 12299 1105 14 of of IN 12299 1105 15 two two CD 12299 1105 16 or or CC 12299 1105 17 more more JJR 12299 1105 18 growth growth NN 12299 1105 19 rings ring NNS 12299 1105 20 . . . 12299 1106 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1106 2 is be VBZ 12299 1106 3 one one CD 12299 1106 4 of of IN 12299 1106 5 the the DT 12299 1106 6 most most RBS 12299 1106 7 serious serious JJ 12299 1106 8 defects defect NNS 12299 1106 9 to to TO 12299 1106 10 which which WDT 12299 1106 11 sound sound JJ 12299 1106 12 timber timber NN 12299 1106 13 is be VBZ 12299 1106 14 subject subject JJ 12299 1106 15 , , , 12299 1106 16 as as IN 12299 1106 17 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1106 18 seriously seriously RB 12299 1106 19 reduces reduce VBZ 12299 1106 20 the the DT 12299 1106 21 technical technical JJ 12299 1106 22 properties property NNS 12299 1106 23 of of IN 12299 1106 24 wood wood NN 12299 1106 25 . . . 12299 1107 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1107 2 is be VBZ 12299 1107 3 very very RB 12299 1107 4 common common JJ 12299 1107 5 in in IN 12299 1107 6 sycamore sycamore NN 12299 1107 7 and and CC 12299 1107 8 in in IN 12299 1107 9 western western JJ 12299 1107 10 larch larch NN 12299 1107 11 , , , 12299 1107 12 particularly particularly RB 12299 1107 13 in in IN 12299 1107 14 the the DT 12299 1107 15 butt butt NN 12299 1107 16 portion portion NN 12299 1107 17 . . . 12299 1108 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1108 2 occurrence occurrence NN 12299 1108 3 is be VBZ 12299 1108 4 most most RBS 12299 1108 5 frequent frequent JJ 12299 1108 6 at at IN 12299 1108 7 the the DT 12299 1108 8 junction junction NN 12299 1108 9 of of IN 12299 1108 10 two two CD 12299 1108 11 growth growth NN 12299 1108 12 layers layer NNS 12299 1108 13 of of IN 12299 1108 14 very very RB 12299 1108 15 unequal unequal JJ 12299 1108 16 thickness thickness NN 12299 1108 17 . . . 12299 1109 1 Consequently consequently RB 12299 1109 2 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1109 3 is be VBZ 12299 1109 4 likely likely JJ 12299 1109 5 to to TO 12299 1109 6 occur occur VB 12299 1109 7 in in IN 12299 1109 8 trees tree NNS 12299 1109 9 which which WDT 12299 1109 10 have have VBP 12299 1109 11 grown grow VBN 12299 1109 12 slowly slowly RB 12299 1109 13 for for IN 12299 1109 14 a a DT 12299 1109 15 time time NN 12299 1109 16 , , , 12299 1109 17 then then RB 12299 1109 18 abruptly abruptly RB 12299 1109 19 increased increase VBD 12299 1109 20 , , , 12299 1109 21 due due IN 12299 1109 22 to to IN 12299 1109 23 improved improved JJ 12299 1109 24 conditions condition NNS 12299 1109 25 of of IN 12299 1109 26 light light NN 12299 1109 27 and and CC 12299 1109 28 food food NN 12299 1109 29 , , , 12299 1109 30 as as IN 12299 1109 31 in in IN 12299 1109 32 thinning thinning NN 12299 1109 33 . . . 12299 1110 1 Old old JJ 12299 1110 2 timber timber NN 12299 1110 3 is be VBZ 12299 1110 4 more more RBR 12299 1110 5 subject subject JJ 12299 1110 6 to to IN 12299 1110 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1110 8 than than IN 12299 1110 9 young young JJ 12299 1110 10 trees tree NNS 12299 1110 11 . . . 12299 1111 1 The the DT 12299 1111 2 damage damage NN 12299 1111 3 is be VBZ 12299 1111 4 largely largely RB 12299 1111 5 confined confine VBN 12299 1111 6 to to IN 12299 1111 7 the the DT 12299 1111 8 butt butt NN 12299 1111 9 log log NN 12299 1111 10 . . . 12299 1112 1 Cup Cup NNP 12299 1112 2 shake shake NN 12299 1112 3 is be VBZ 12299 1112 4 often often RB 12299 1112 5 associated associate VBN 12299 1112 6 with with IN 12299 1112 7 other other JJ 12299 1112 8 forms form NNS 12299 1112 9 of of IN 12299 1112 10 shake shake NN 12299 1112 11 , , , 12299 1112 12 and and CC 12299 1112 13 not not RB 12299 1112 14 infrequently infrequently RB 12299 1112 15 shows show VBZ 12299 1112 16 traces trace NNS 12299 1112 17 of of IN 12299 1112 18 decay decay NN 12299 1112 19 . . . 12299 1113 1 The the DT 12299 1113 2 causes cause NNS 12299 1113 3 of of IN 12299 1113 4 cup cup NN 12299 1113 5 shake shake NN 12299 1113 6 are be VBP 12299 1113 7 uncertain uncertain JJ 12299 1113 8 . . . 12299 1114 1 The the DT 12299 1114 2 swaying sway VBG 12299 1114 3 action action NN 12299 1114 4 of of IN 12299 1114 5 the the DT 12299 1114 6 wind wind NN 12299 1114 7 may may MD 12299 1114 8 result result VB 12299 1114 9 in in IN 12299 1114 10 shearing shear VBG 12299 1114 11 apart apart RB 12299 1114 12 the the DT 12299 1114 13 growth growth NN 12299 1114 14 layers layer NNS 12299 1114 15 , , , 12299 1114 16 especially especially RB 12299 1114 17 in in IN 12299 1114 18 trees tree NNS 12299 1114 19 growing grow VBG 12299 1114 20 in in IN 12299 1114 21 exposed expose VBN 12299 1114 22 places place NNS 12299 1114 23 . . . 12299 1115 1 Frost Frost NNP 12299 1115 2 may may MD 12299 1115 3 in in IN 12299 1115 4 some some DT 12299 1115 5 instances instance NNS 12299 1115 6 be be VB 12299 1115 7 responsible responsible JJ 12299 1115 8 for for IN 12299 1115 9 cup cup NN 12299 1115 10 shake shake NN 12299 1115 11 or or CC 12299 1115 12 at at IN 12299 1115 13 least least JJS 12299 1115 14 a a DT 12299 1115 15 contributing contribute VBG 12299 1115 16 factor factor NN 12299 1115 17 , , , 12299 1115 18 although although IN 12299 1115 19 trees tree NNS 12299 1115 20 growing grow VBG 12299 1115 21 in in IN 12299 1115 22 regions region NNS 12299 1115 23 free free JJ 12299 1115 24 from from IN 12299 1115 25 frost frost NN 12299 1115 26 often often RB 12299 1115 27 have have VBP 12299 1115 28 ring re VBG 12299 1115 29 shake shake NN 12299 1115 30 . . . 12299 1116 1 Shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1116 2 of of IN 12299 1116 3 the the DT 12299 1116 4 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 1116 5 may may MD 12299 1116 6 be be VB 12299 1116 7 concentric concentric JJ 12299 1116 8 as as RB 12299 1116 9 well well RB 12299 1116 10 as as IN 12299 1116 11 radial radial JJ 12299 1116 12 in in IN 12299 1116 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1116 14 action action NN 12299 1116 15 , , , 12299 1116 16 thus thus RB 12299 1116 17 producing produce VBG 12299 1116 18 cup cup NN 12299 1116 19 shake shake NN 12299 1116 20 instead instead RB 12299 1116 21 of of IN 12299 1116 22 , , , 12299 1116 23 or or CC 12299 1116 24 in in IN 12299 1116 25 connection connection NN 12299 1116 26 with with IN 12299 1116 27 , , , 12299 1116 28 heart heart NN 12299 1116 29 shake shake NN 12299 1116 30 . . . 12299 1117 1 A a DT 12299 1117 2 local local JJ 12299 1117 3 defect defect NN 12299 1117 4 somewhat somewhat RB 12299 1117 5 similar similar JJ 12299 1117 6 in in IN 12299 1117 7 effect effect NN 12299 1117 8 to to TO 12299 1117 9 cup cup VB 12299 1117 10 shake shake NN 12299 1117 11 is be VBZ 12299 1117 12 known know VBN 12299 1117 13 as as IN 12299 1117 14 _ _ NNP 12299 1117 15 rind rind NN 12299 1117 16 gall gall NN 12299 1117 17 _ _ NNP 12299 1117 18 . . . 12299 1118 1 If if IN 12299 1118 2 the the DT 12299 1118 3 cambium cambium NN 12299 1118 4 layer layer NN 12299 1118 5 is be VBZ 12299 1118 6 exposed expose VBN 12299 1118 7 by by IN 12299 1118 8 the the DT 12299 1118 9 removal removal NN 12299 1118 10 of of IN 12299 1118 11 the the DT 12299 1118 12 entire entire JJ 12299 1118 13 bark bark NN 12299 1118 14 or or CC 12299 1118 15 rind rind NN 12299 1118 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1118 17 will will MD 12299 1118 18 die die VB 12299 1118 19 . . . 12299 1119 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 1119 2 growth growth NN 12299 1119 3 over over IN 12299 1119 4 the the DT 12299 1119 5 damaged damage VBN 12299 1119 6 portion portion NN 12299 1119 7 does do VBZ 12299 1119 8 not not RB 12299 1119 9 cohere cohere VB 12299 1119 10 with with IN 12299 1119 11 the the DT 12299 1119 12 wood wood NN 12299 1119 13 previously previously RB 12299 1119 14 formed form VBN 12299 1119 15 by by IN 12299 1119 16 the the DT 12299 1119 17 old old JJ 12299 1119 18 cambium cambium NN 12299 1119 19 . . . 12299 1120 1 The the DT 12299 1120 2 defect defect NN 12299 1120 3 resulting result VBG 12299 1120 4 is be VBZ 12299 1120 5 termed term VBN 12299 1120 6 rind rind JJ 12299 1120 7 gall gall NN 12299 1120 8 . . . 12299 1121 1 The the DT 12299 1121 2 most most RBS 12299 1121 3 common common JJ 12299 1121 4 causes cause NNS 12299 1121 5 of of IN 12299 1121 6 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1121 7 are be VBP 12299 1121 8 fire fire NN 12299 1121 9 , , , 12299 1121 10 gnawing gnawing NN 12299 1121 11 , , , 12299 1121 12 blazing blazing NN 12299 1121 13 , , , 12299 1121 14 chipping chipping NN 12299 1121 15 , , , 12299 1121 16 sun sun NNP 12299 1121 17 scald scald NNP 12299 1121 18 , , , 12299 1121 19 lightning lightning NN 12299 1121 20 , , , 12299 1121 21 and and CC 12299 1121 22 abrasions abrasion NNS 12299 1121 23 . . . 12299 1122 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1122 2 Heart Heart NNP 12299 1122 3 break break NN 12299 1122 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1122 5 is be VBZ 12299 1122 6 a a DT 12299 1122 7 term term NN 12299 1122 8 applied apply VBN 12299 1122 9 to to IN 12299 1122 10 areas area NNS 12299 1122 11 of of IN 12299 1122 12 compression compression NN 12299 1122 13 failure failure NN 12299 1122 14 along along IN 12299 1122 15 the the DT 12299 1122 16 grain grain NN 12299 1122 17 found find VBN 12299 1122 18 in in IN 12299 1122 19 occasional occasional JJ 12299 1122 20 logs log NNS 12299 1122 21 . . . 12299 1123 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1123 2 these these DT 12299 1123 3 breaks break NNS 12299 1123 4 are be VBP 12299 1123 5 invisible invisible JJ 12299 1123 6 until until IN 12299 1123 7 the the DT 12299 1123 8 wood wood NN 12299 1123 9 is be VBZ 12299 1123 10 manufactured manufacture VBN 12299 1123 11 into into IN 12299 1123 12 the the DT 12299 1123 13 finished finished JJ 12299 1123 14 article article NN 12299 1123 15 . . . 12299 1124 1 The the DT 12299 1124 2 occurrence occurrence NN 12299 1124 3 of of IN 12299 1124 4 this this DT 12299 1124 5 defect defect NN 12299 1124 6 is be VBZ 12299 1124 7 mostly mostly RB 12299 1124 8 limited limit VBN 12299 1124 9 to to IN 12299 1124 10 the the DT 12299 1124 11 dense dense JJ 12299 1124 12 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 1124 13 , , , 12299 1124 14 such such JJ 12299 1124 15 as as IN 12299 1124 16 hickory hickory NN 12299 1124 17 and and CC 12299 1124 18 to to IN 12299 1124 19 heavy heavy JJ 12299 1124 20 tropical tropical JJ 12299 1124 21 species specie NNS 12299 1124 22 . . . 12299 1125 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1125 2 is be VBZ 12299 1125 3 the the DT 12299 1125 4 source source NN 12299 1125 5 of of IN 12299 1125 6 considerable considerable JJ 12299 1125 7 loss loss NN 12299 1125 8 in in IN 12299 1125 9 the the DT 12299 1125 10 fancy fancy JJ 12299 1125 11 veneer veneer NN 12299 1125 12 industry industry NN 12299 1125 13 , , , 12299 1125 14 as as IN 12299 1125 15 the the DT 12299 1125 16 veneer veneer NN 12299 1125 17 from from IN 12299 1125 18 valuable valuable JJ 12299 1125 19 logs log NNS 12299 1125 20 so so RB 12299 1125 21 affected affect VBD 12299 1125 22 drops drop NNS 12299 1125 23 to to IN 12299 1125 24 pieces piece NNS 12299 1125 25 . . . 12299 1126 1 The the DT 12299 1126 2 cause cause NN 12299 1126 3 of of IN 12299 1126 4 heart heart NN 12299 1126 5 break break NN 12299 1126 6 is be VBZ 12299 1126 7 not not RB 12299 1126 8 positively positively RB 12299 1126 9 known know VBN 12299 1126 10 . . . 12299 1127 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1127 2 is be VBZ 12299 1127 3 highly highly RB 12299 1127 4 probable probable JJ 12299 1127 5 , , , 12299 1127 6 however however RB 12299 1127 7 , , , 12299 1127 8 that that IN 12299 1127 9 when when WRB 12299 1127 10 the the DT 12299 1127 11 tree tree NN 12299 1127 12 is be VBZ 12299 1127 13 felled fell VBN 12299 1127 14 the the DT 12299 1127 15 trunk trunk NN 12299 1127 16 strikes strike NNS 12299 1127 17 across across IN 12299 1127 18 a a DT 12299 1127 19 rock rock NN 12299 1127 20 or or CC 12299 1127 21 another another DT 12299 1127 22 log log NN 12299 1127 23 , , , 12299 1127 24 and and CC 12299 1127 25 the the DT 12299 1127 26 impact impact NN 12299 1127 27 causes cause VBZ 12299 1127 28 actual actual JJ 12299 1127 29 failure failure NN 12299 1127 30 in in IN 12299 1127 31 the the DT 12299 1127 32 log log NN 12299 1127 33 as as IN 12299 1127 34 in in IN 12299 1127 35 a a DT 12299 1127 36 beam beam NN 12299 1127 37 . . . 12299 1128 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1128 2 Resin Resin NNP 12299 1128 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1128 4 or or CC 12299 1128 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1128 6 pitch pitch NN 12299 1128 7 pockets pocket NNS 12299 1128 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1128 9 are be VBP 12299 1128 10 of of IN 12299 1128 11 common common JJ 12299 1128 12 occurrence occurrence NN 12299 1128 13 in in IN 12299 1128 14 the the DT 12299 1128 15 wood wood NN 12299 1128 16 of of IN 12299 1128 17 larch larch NN 12299 1128 18 , , , 12299 1128 19 spruce spruce NN 12299 1128 20 , , , 12299 1128 21 fir fir NN 12299 1128 22 , , , 12299 1128 23 and and CC 12299 1128 24 especially especially RB 12299 1128 25 of of IN 12299 1128 26 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 1128 27 and and CC 12299 1128 28 other other JJ 12299 1128 29 hard hard JJ 12299 1128 30 pines pine NNS 12299 1128 31 . . . 12299 1129 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1129 2 are be VBP 12299 1129 3 due due JJ 12299 1129 4 to to IN 12299 1129 5 accumulations accumulation NNS 12299 1129 6 of of IN 12299 1129 7 resin resin NN 12299 1129 8 in in IN 12299 1129 9 openings opening NNS 12299 1129 10 between between IN 12299 1129 11 adjacent adjacent JJ 12299 1129 12 layers layer NNS 12299 1129 13 of of IN 12299 1129 14 growth growth NN 12299 1129 15 . . . 12299 1130 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1130 2 are be VBP 12299 1130 3 more more RBR 12299 1130 4 frequent frequent JJ 12299 1130 5 in in IN 12299 1130 6 trees tree NNS 12299 1130 7 growing grow VBG 12299 1130 8 alone alone RB 12299 1130 9 than than IN 12299 1130 10 in in IN 12299 1130 11 those those DT 12299 1130 12 of of IN 12299 1130 13 dense dense JJ 12299 1130 14 stands stand NNS 12299 1130 15 . . . 12299 1131 1 The the DT 12299 1131 2 pockets pocket NNS 12299 1131 3 are be VBP 12299 1131 4 usually usually RB 12299 1131 5 a a DT 12299 1131 6 few few JJ 12299 1131 7 inches inch NNS 12299 1131 8 in in IN 12299 1131 9 greatest great JJS 12299 1131 10 dimension dimension NN 12299 1131 11 and and CC 12299 1131 12 affect affect VB 12299 1131 13 only only RB 12299 1131 14 one one CD 12299 1131 15 or or CC 12299 1131 16 two two CD 12299 1131 17 growth growth NN 12299 1131 18 layers layer NNS 12299 1131 19 . . . 12299 1132 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1132 2 are be VBP 12299 1132 3 hidden hide VBN 12299 1132 4 until until IN 12299 1132 5 exposed expose VBN 12299 1132 6 by by IN 12299 1132 7 the the DT 12299 1132 8 saw saw NN 12299 1132 9 , , , 12299 1132 10 rendering render VBG 12299 1132 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1132 12 impossible impossible JJ 12299 1132 13 to to TO 12299 1132 14 cut cut VB 12299 1132 15 lumber lumber NN 12299 1132 16 with with IN 12299 1132 17 reference reference NN 12299 1132 18 to to IN 12299 1132 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1132 20 position position NN 12299 1132 21 . . . 12299 1133 1 Often often RB 12299 1133 2 several several JJ 12299 1133 3 boards board NNS 12299 1133 4 are be VBP 12299 1133 5 damaged damage VBN 12299 1133 6 by by IN 12299 1133 7 a a DT 12299 1133 8 single single JJ 12299 1133 9 pocket pocket NN 12299 1133 10 . . . 12299 1134 1 In in IN 12299 1134 2 grading grade VBG 12299 1134 3 lumber lumber NN 12299 1134 4 , , , 12299 1134 5 pitch pitch NN 12299 1134 6 pockets pocket NNS 12299 1134 7 are be VBP 12299 1134 8 classified classify VBN 12299 1134 9 as as IN 12299 1134 10 small small JJ 12299 1134 11 , , , 12299 1134 12 standard standard JJ 12299 1134 13 , , , 12299 1134 14 and and CC 12299 1134 15 large large JJ 12299 1134 16 , , , 12299 1134 17 depending depend VBG 12299 1134 18 upon upon IN 12299 1134 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1134 20 width width NN 12299 1134 21 and and CC 12299 1134 22 length length NN 12299 1134 23 . . . 12299 1135 1 INSECT INSECT NNP 12299 1135 2 INJURIES[37 INJURIES[37 -LRB- 12299 1135 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1135 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1135 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1135 6 37 37 CD 12299 1135 7 : : : 12299 1135 8 For for IN 12299 1135 9 detailed detailed JJ 12299 1135 10 information information NN 12299 1135 11 regarding regard VBG 12299 1135 12 insect insect JJ 12299 1135 13 injuries injury NNS 12299 1135 14 , , , 12299 1135 15 the the DT 12299 1135 16 reader reader NN 12299 1135 17 is be VBZ 12299 1135 18 referred refer VBN 12299 1135 19 to to IN 12299 1135 20 the the DT 12299 1135 21 various various JJ 12299 1135 22 publications publication NNS 12299 1135 23 of of IN 12299 1135 24 the the DT 12299 1135 25 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1135 26 Bureau Bureau NNP 12299 1135 27 of of IN 12299 1135 28 Entomology Entomology NNP 12299 1135 29 , , , 12299 1135 30 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1135 31 , , , 12299 1135 32 D.C. D.C. NNP 12299 1135 33 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1135 34 The the DT 12299 1135 35 larvà larvà NNP 12299 1135 36 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1135 37 of of IN 12299 1135 38 many many JJ 12299 1135 39 insects insect NNS 12299 1135 40 are be VBP 12299 1135 41 destructive destructive JJ 12299 1135 42 to to IN 12299 1135 43 wood wood NN 12299 1135 44 . . . 12299 1136 1 Some some DT 12299 1136 2 attack attack VBP 12299 1136 3 the the DT 12299 1136 4 wood wood NN 12299 1136 5 of of IN 12299 1136 6 living living NN 12299 1136 7 trees tree NNS 12299 1136 8 , , , 12299 1136 9 others other NNS 12299 1136 10 only only RB 12299 1136 11 that that DT 12299 1136 12 of of IN 12299 1136 13 felled fell VBN 12299 1136 14 or or CC 12299 1136 15 converted convert VBN 12299 1136 16 material material NN 12299 1136 17 . . . 12299 1137 1 Every every DT 12299 1137 2 hole hole NN 12299 1137 3 breaks break VBZ 12299 1137 4 the the DT 12299 1137 5 continuity continuity NN 12299 1137 6 of of IN 12299 1137 7 the the DT 12299 1137 8 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1137 9 and and CC 12299 1137 10 impairs impairs VBP 12299 1137 11 the the DT 12299 1137 12 strength strength NN 12299 1137 13 , , , 12299 1137 14 and and CC 12299 1137 15 if if IN 12299 1137 16 there there EX 12299 1137 17 are be VBP 12299 1137 18 very very RB 12299 1137 19 many many JJ 12299 1137 20 of of IN 12299 1137 21 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1137 22 the the DT 12299 1137 23 material material NN 12299 1137 24 may may MD 12299 1137 25 be be VB 12299 1137 26 ruined ruin VBN 12299 1137 27 for for IN 12299 1137 28 all all DT 12299 1137 29 purposes purpose NNS 12299 1137 30 where where WRB 12299 1137 31 strength strength NN 12299 1137 32 is be VBZ 12299 1137 33 required require VBN 12299 1137 34 . . . 12299 1138 1 Some some DT 12299 1138 2 of of IN 12299 1138 3 the the DT 12299 1138 4 most most RBS 12299 1138 5 common common JJ 12299 1138 6 insects insect NNS 12299 1138 7 attacking attack VBG 12299 1138 8 the the DT 12299 1138 9 wood wood NN 12299 1138 10 of of IN 12299 1138 11 living living NN 12299 1138 12 trees tree NNS 12299 1138 13 are be VBP 12299 1138 14 the the DT 12299 1138 15 oak oak NN 12299 1138 16 timber timber NNP 12299 1138 17 worm worm NN 12299 1138 18 , , , 12299 1138 19 the the DT 12299 1138 20 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 1138 21 timber timber NN 12299 1138 22 worm worm NN 12299 1138 23 , , , 12299 1138 24 carpenter carpenter NNP 12299 1138 25 worms worm NNS 12299 1138 26 , , , 12299 1138 27 ambrosia ambrosia NNP 12299 1138 28 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1138 29 , , , 12299 1138 30 the the DT 12299 1138 31 locust locust NN 12299 1138 32 borer borer NN 12299 1138 33 , , , 12299 1138 34 turpentine turpentine NN 12299 1138 35 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1138 36 and and CC 12299 1138 37 turpentine turpentine NN 12299 1138 38 borers borer NNS 12299 1138 39 , , , 12299 1138 40 and and CC 12299 1138 41 the the DT 12299 1138 42 white white NNP 12299 1138 43 pine pine NNP 12299 1138 44 weevil weevil NNP 12299 1138 45 . . . 12299 1139 1 The the DT 12299 1139 2 insect insect NN 12299 1139 3 injuries injury NNS 12299 1139 4 to to IN 12299 1139 5 forest forest NN 12299 1139 6 products product NNS 12299 1139 7 may may MD 12299 1139 8 be be VB 12299 1139 9 classed class VBN 12299 1139 10 according accord VBG 12299 1139 11 to to IN 12299 1139 12 the the DT 12299 1139 13 stage stage NN 12299 1139 14 of of IN 12299 1139 15 manufacture manufacture NN 12299 1139 16 of of IN 12299 1139 17 the the DT 12299 1139 18 material material NN 12299 1139 19 . . . 12299 1140 1 Thus thus RB 12299 1140 2 round round JJ 12299 1140 3 timber timber NN 12299 1140 4 with with IN 12299 1140 5 the the DT 12299 1140 6 bark bark NN 12299 1140 7 on on RB 12299 1140 8 , , , 12299 1140 9 such such JJ 12299 1140 10 as as IN 12299 1140 11 poles pole NNS 12299 1140 12 , , , 12299 1140 13 posts post NNS 12299 1140 14 , , , 12299 1140 15 mine -PRON- PRP 12299 1140 16 props prop NNS 12299 1140 17 , , , 12299 1140 18 and and CC 12299 1140 19 sawlogs sawlog VBZ 12299 1140 20 , , , 12299 1140 21 is be VBZ 12299 1140 22 subject subject JJ 12299 1140 23 to to IN 12299 1140 24 serious serious JJ 12299 1140 25 damage damage NN 12299 1140 26 by by IN 12299 1140 27 the the DT 12299 1140 28 same same JJ 12299 1140 29 class class NN 12299 1140 30 of of IN 12299 1140 31 insects insect NNS 12299 1140 32 as as IN 12299 1140 33 those those DT 12299 1140 34 mentioned mention VBN 12299 1140 35 above above RB 12299 1140 36 , , , 12299 1140 37 particularly particularly RB 12299 1140 38 by by IN 12299 1140 39 the the DT 12299 1140 40 round round NN 12299 1140 41 - - HYPH 12299 1140 42 headed head VBN 12299 1140 43 borers borer NNS 12299 1140 44 , , , 12299 1140 45 timber timber NN 12299 1140 46 worms worm NNS 12299 1140 47 , , , 12299 1140 48 and and CC 12299 1140 49 ambrosia ambrosia NNP 12299 1140 50 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1140 51 . . . 12299 1141 1 Manufactured manufactured JJ 12299 1141 2 unseasoned unseasoned JJ 12299 1141 3 products product NNS 12299 1141 4 are be VBP 12299 1141 5 subject subject JJ 12299 1141 6 to to IN 12299 1141 7 damage damage NN 12299 1141 8 from from IN 12299 1141 9 ambrosia ambrosia JJ 12299 1141 10 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1141 11 and and CC 12299 1141 12 other other JJ 12299 1141 13 wood wood NN 12299 1141 14 borers borer NNS 12299 1141 15 . . . 12299 1142 1 Seasoned seasoned JJ 12299 1142 2 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 1142 3 lumber lumber NN 12299 1142 4 of of IN 12299 1142 5 all all DT 12299 1142 6 kinds kind NNS 12299 1142 7 , , , 12299 1142 8 rough rough JJ 12299 1142 9 handles handle NNS 12299 1142 10 , , , 12299 1142 11 wagon wagon NN 12299 1142 12 stock stock NN 12299 1142 13 , , , 12299 1142 14 etc etc FW 12299 1142 15 . . NN 12299 1142 16 , , , 12299 1142 17 made make VBN 12299 1142 18 partially partially RB 12299 1142 19 or or CC 12299 1142 20 entirely entirely RB 12299 1142 21 of of IN 12299 1142 22 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 1142 23 , , , 12299 1142 24 are be VBP 12299 1142 25 often often RB 12299 1142 26 reduced reduce VBN 12299 1142 27 in in IN 12299 1142 28 value value NN 12299 1142 29 from from IN 12299 1142 30 10 10 CD 12299 1142 31 to to TO 12299 1142 32 90 90 CD 12299 1142 33 per per NN 12299 1142 34 cent cent NN 12299 1142 35 by by IN 12299 1142 36 a a DT 12299 1142 37 class class NN 12299 1142 38 of of IN 12299 1142 39 insects insect NNS 12299 1142 40 known know VBN 12299 1142 41 as as IN 12299 1142 42 powder powder NN 12299 1142 43 - - HYPH 12299 1142 44 post post NN 12299 1142 45 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1142 46 . . . 12299 1143 1 Finished finished JJ 12299 1143 2 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 1143 3 products product NNS 12299 1143 4 such such JJ 12299 1143 5 as as IN 12299 1143 6 handles handle NNS 12299 1143 7 , , , 12299 1143 8 wagon wagon NN 12299 1143 9 , , , 12299 1143 10 carriage carriage NN 12299 1143 11 and and CC 12299 1143 12 machinery machinery NN 12299 1143 13 stock stock NN 12299 1143 14 , , , 12299 1143 15 especially especially RB 12299 1143 16 if if IN 12299 1143 17 ash ash NN 12299 1143 18 or or CC 12299 1143 19 hickory hickory NN 12299 1143 20 , , , 12299 1143 21 are be VBP 12299 1143 22 often often RB 12299 1143 23 destroyed destroy VBN 12299 1143 24 by by IN 12299 1143 25 the the DT 12299 1143 26 powder powder NN 12299 1143 27 - - HYPH 12299 1143 28 post post NN 12299 1143 29 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1143 30 . . . 12299 1144 1 Construction construction NN 12299 1144 2 timbers timber NNS 12299 1144 3 in in IN 12299 1144 4 buildings building NNS 12299 1144 5 , , , 12299 1144 6 bridges bridge NNS 12299 1144 7 and and CC 12299 1144 8 trestles trestle NNS 12299 1144 9 , , , 12299 1144 10 cross cross NN 12299 1144 11 - - NNS 12299 1144 12 ties tie NNS 12299 1144 13 , , , 12299 1144 14 poles pole NNS 12299 1144 15 , , , 12299 1144 16 mine mine NN 12299 1144 17 props prop NNS 12299 1144 18 , , , 12299 1144 19 fence fence NN 12299 1144 20 posts post NNS 12299 1144 21 , , , 12299 1144 22 etc etc FW 12299 1144 23 . . . 12299 1144 24 , , , 12299 1144 25 are be VBP 12299 1144 26 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1144 27 seriously seriously RB 12299 1144 28 injured injure VBN 12299 1144 29 by by IN 12299 1144 30 wood wood NN 12299 1144 31 - - HYPH 12299 1144 32 boring boring JJ 12299 1144 33 larvà larvà NNP 12299 1144 34 ¦ ¦ : 12299 1144 35 , , , 12299 1144 36 termites termite NNS 12299 1144 37 , , , 12299 1144 38 black black JJ 12299 1144 39 ants ant NNS 12299 1144 40 , , , 12299 1144 41 carpenter carpenter NN 12299 1144 42 bees bee NNS 12299 1144 43 , , , 12299 1144 44 and and CC 12299 1144 45 powder powder NN 12299 1144 46 - - HYPH 12299 1144 47 post post NN 12299 1144 48 beetles beetle NNS 12299 1144 49 , , , 12299 1144 50 and and CC 12299 1144 51 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1144 52 reduced reduce VBN 12299 1144 53 in in IN 12299 1144 54 value value NN 12299 1144 55 from from IN 12299 1144 56 10 10 CD 12299 1144 57 to to TO 12299 1144 58 100 100 CD 12299 1144 59 per per NN 12299 1144 60 cent cent NN 12299 1144 61 . . . 12299 1145 1 In in IN 12299 1145 2 tropical tropical JJ 12299 1145 3 countries country NNS 12299 1145 4 termites termite NNS 12299 1145 5 are be VBP 12299 1145 6 a a DT 12299 1145 7 very very RB 12299 1145 8 serious serious JJ 12299 1145 9 pest pest NN 12299 1145 10 in in IN 12299 1145 11 this this DT 12299 1145 12 respect respect NN 12299 1145 13 . . . 12299 1146 1 MARINE MARINE NNP 12299 1146 2 WOOD wood FW 12299 1146 3 - - HYPH 12299 1146 4 BORER borer NN 12299 1146 5 INJURIES injury NNS 12299 1146 6 Vast vast JJ 12299 1146 7 amounts amount NNS 12299 1146 8 of of IN 12299 1146 9 timber timber NN 12299 1146 10 used use VBN 12299 1146 11 for for IN 12299 1146 12 piles pile NNS 12299 1146 13 in in IN 12299 1146 14 wharves wharf NNS 12299 1146 15 and and CC 12299 1146 16 other other JJ 12299 1146 17 marine marine JJ 12299 1146 18 structures structure NNS 12299 1146 19 are be VBP 12299 1146 20 constantly constantly RB 12299 1146 21 being be VBG 12299 1146 22 destroyed destroy VBN 12299 1146 23 or or CC 12299 1146 24 seriously seriously RB 12299 1146 25 injured injure VBN 12299 1146 26 by by IN 12299 1146 27 marine marine JJ 12299 1146 28 borers borer NNS 12299 1146 29 . . . 12299 1147 1 Almost almost RB 12299 1147 2 invariably invariably RB 12299 1147 3 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1147 4 are be VBP 12299 1147 5 confined confine VBN 12299 1147 6 to to IN 12299 1147 7 salt salt NN 12299 1147 8 water water NN 12299 1147 9 , , , 12299 1147 10 and and CC 12299 1147 11 all all PDT 12299 1147 12 the the DT 12299 1147 13 woods wood NNS 12299 1147 14 commonly commonly RB 12299 1147 15 used use VBN 12299 1147 16 for for IN 12299 1147 17 piling piling NN 12299 1147 18 are be VBP 12299 1147 19 subject subject JJ 12299 1147 20 to to IN 12299 1147 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1147 22 attacks attack NNS 12299 1147 23 . . . 12299 1148 1 There there EX 12299 1148 2 are be VBP 12299 1148 3 two two CD 12299 1148 4 genera genera NN 12299 1148 5 of of IN 12299 1148 6 mollusks mollusk NNS 12299 1148 7 , , , 12299 1148 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 9 Xylotrya Xylotrya NNP 12299 1148 10 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 11 and and CC 12299 1148 12 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 13 Teredo Teredo NNP 12299 1148 14 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 15 , , , 12299 1148 16 and and CC 12299 1148 17 three three CD 12299 1148 18 of of IN 12299 1148 19 crustaceans crustacean NNS 12299 1148 20 , , , 12299 1148 21 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 22 Limnoria Limnoria NNP 12299 1148 23 , , , 12299 1148 24 Chelura Chelura NNP 12299 1148 25 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 26 , , , 12299 1148 27 and and CC 12299 1148 28 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 29 Sphoeroma Sphoeroma NNP 12299 1148 30 _ _ NNP 12299 1148 31 , , , 12299 1148 32 that that WDT 12299 1148 33 do do VBP 12299 1148 34 serious serious JJ 12299 1148 35 damage damage NN 12299 1148 36 in in IN 12299 1148 37 many many JJ 12299 1148 38 places place NNS 12299 1148 39 along along IN 12299 1148 40 both both CC 12299 1148 41 the the DT 12299 1148 42 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 12299 1148 43 and and CC 12299 1148 44 Pacific Pacific NNP 12299 1148 45 coasts coast NNS 12299 1148 46 . . . 12299 1149 1 These these DT 12299 1149 2 mollusks mollusk NNS 12299 1149 3 , , , 12299 1149 4 which which WDT 12299 1149 5 are be VBP 12299 1149 6 popularly popularly RB 12299 1149 7 known know VBN 12299 1149 8 as as IN 12299 1149 9 " " `` 12299 1149 10 shipworms shipworm NNS 12299 1149 11 , , , 12299 1149 12 " " '' 12299 1149 13 are be VBP 12299 1149 14 much much RB 12299 1149 15 alike alike RB 12299 1149 16 in in IN 12299 1149 17 structure structure NN 12299 1149 18 and and CC 12299 1149 19 mode mode NN 12299 1149 20 of of IN 12299 1149 21 life life NN 12299 1149 22 . . . 12299 1150 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1150 2 attack attack VBP 12299 1150 3 the the DT 12299 1150 4 exposed expose VBN 12299 1150 5 surface surface NN 12299 1150 6 of of IN 12299 1150 7 the the DT 12299 1150 8 wood wood NN 12299 1150 9 and and CC 12299 1150 10 immediately immediately RB 12299 1150 11 begin begin VBP 12299 1150 12 to to TO 12299 1150 13 bore bore VB 12299 1150 14 . . . 12299 1151 1 The the DT 12299 1151 2 tunnels tunnel NNS 12299 1151 3 , , , 12299 1151 4 often often RB 12299 1151 5 as as RB 12299 1151 6 large large JJ 12299 1151 7 as as IN 12299 1151 8 a a DT 12299 1151 9 lead lead JJ 12299 1151 10 pencil pencil NN 12299 1151 11 , , , 12299 1151 12 extend extend VBP 12299 1151 13 usually usually RB 12299 1151 14 in in IN 12299 1151 15 a a DT 12299 1151 16 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 1151 17 direction direction NN 12299 1151 18 and and CC 12299 1151 19 follow follow VB 12299 1151 20 a a DT 12299 1151 21 very very RB 12299 1151 22 irregular irregular JJ 12299 1151 23 , , , 12299 1151 24 tangled tangle VBN 12299 1151 25 course course NN 12299 1151 26 . . . 12299 1152 1 Hard hard JJ 12299 1152 2 woods wood NNS 12299 1152 3 are be VBP 12299 1152 4 apparently apparently RB 12299 1152 5 penetrated penetrate VBN 12299 1152 6 as as RB 12299 1152 7 readily readily RB 12299 1152 8 as as IN 12299 1152 9 soft soft JJ 12299 1152 10 woods wood NNS 12299 1152 11 , , , 12299 1152 12 though though IN 12299 1152 13 in in IN 12299 1152 14 the the DT 12299 1152 15 same same JJ 12299 1152 16 timber timber NN 12299 1152 17 the the DT 12299 1152 18 softer soft JJR 12299 1152 19 parts part NNS 12299 1152 20 are be VBP 12299 1152 21 preferred prefer VBN 12299 1152 22 . . . 12299 1153 1 The the DT 12299 1153 2 food food NN 12299 1153 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 1153 4 of of IN 12299 1153 5 infusoria infusoria NNP 12299 1153 6 and and CC 12299 1153 7 is be VBZ 12299 1153 8 not not RB 12299 1153 9 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1153 10 from from IN 12299 1153 11 the the DT 12299 1153 12 wood wood NN 12299 1153 13 substance substance NN 12299 1153 14 . . . 12299 1154 1 The the DT 12299 1154 2 sole sole JJ 12299 1154 3 object object NN 12299 1154 4 of of IN 12299 1154 5 boring bore VBG 12299 1154 6 into into IN 12299 1154 7 the the DT 12299 1154 8 wood wood NN 12299 1154 9 is be VBZ 12299 1154 10 to to TO 12299 1154 11 obtain obtain VB 12299 1154 12 shelter shelter NN 12299 1154 13 . . . 12299 1155 1 Although although IN 12299 1155 2 shipworms shipworm NNS 12299 1155 3 can can MD 12299 1155 4 live live VB 12299 1155 5 in in IN 12299 1155 6 cold cold JJ 12299 1155 7 water water NN 12299 1155 8 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1155 9 thrive thrive VBP 12299 1155 10 best best RB 12299 1155 11 and and CC 12299 1155 12 are be VBP 12299 1155 13 most most RBS 12299 1155 14 destructive destructive JJ 12299 1155 15 in in IN 12299 1155 16 warm warm JJ 12299 1155 17 water water NN 12299 1155 18 . . . 12299 1156 1 The the DT 12299 1156 2 length length NN 12299 1156 3 of of IN 12299 1156 4 time time NN 12299 1156 5 required require VBN 12299 1156 6 to to TO 12299 1156 7 destroy destroy VB 12299 1156 8 an an DT 12299 1156 9 average average JJ 12299 1156 10 barked barked JJ 12299 1156 11 , , , 12299 1156 12 unprotected unprotected JJ 12299 1156 13 pine pine NN 12299 1156 14 pile pile NN 12299 1156 15 on on IN 12299 1156 16 the the DT 12299 1156 17 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 12299 1156 18 coast coast NN 12299 1156 19 south south RB 12299 1156 20 from from IN 12299 1156 21 Chesapeake Chesapeake NNP 12299 1156 22 Bay Bay NNP 12299 1156 23 and and CC 12299 1156 24 along along IN 12299 1156 25 the the DT 12299 1156 26 entire entire JJ 12299 1156 27 Pacific Pacific NNP 12299 1156 28 coast coast NN 12299 1156 29 varies vary VBZ 12299 1156 30 from from IN 12299 1156 31 but but CC 12299 1156 32 one one CD 12299 1156 33 to to TO 12299 1156 34 three three CD 12299 1156 35 years year NNS 12299 1156 36 . . . 12299 1157 1 Of of IN 12299 1157 2 the the DT 12299 1157 3 crustacean crustacean JJ 12299 1157 4 borers borer NNS 12299 1157 5 , , , 12299 1157 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1157 7 Limnoria Limnoria NNP 12299 1157 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1157 9 , , , 12299 1157 10 or or CC 12299 1157 11 the the DT 12299 1157 12 " " `` 12299 1157 13 wood wood NN 12299 1157 14 louse louse NN 12299 1157 15 , , , 12299 1157 16 " " '' 12299 1157 17 is be VBZ 12299 1157 18 the the DT 12299 1157 19 only only JJ 12299 1157 20 one one CD 12299 1157 21 of of IN 12299 1157 22 great great JJ 12299 1157 23 importance importance NN 12299 1157 24 , , , 12299 1157 25 although although IN 12299 1157 26 _ _ NNP 12299 1157 27 Sphoeroma Sphoeroma NNP 12299 1157 28 _ _ NNP 12299 1157 29 is be VBZ 12299 1157 30 reported report VBN 12299 1157 31 destructive destructive JJ 12299 1157 32 in in IN 12299 1157 33 places place NNS 12299 1157 34 . . . 12299 1158 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1158 2 Limnoria Limnoria NNP 12299 1158 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1158 4 is be VBZ 12299 1158 5 about about IN 12299 1158 6 the the DT 12299 1158 7 size size NN 12299 1158 8 of of IN 12299 1158 9 a a DT 12299 1158 10 grain grain NN 12299 1158 11 of of IN 12299 1158 12 rice rice NN 12299 1158 13 and and CC 12299 1158 14 tunnels tunnel NNS 12299 1158 15 into into IN 12299 1158 16 the the DT 12299 1158 17 wood wood NN 12299 1158 18 for for IN 12299 1158 19 both both CC 12299 1158 20 food food NN 12299 1158 21 and and CC 12299 1158 22 shelter shelter NN 12299 1158 23 . . . 12299 1159 1 The the DT 12299 1159 2 galleries gallery NNS 12299 1159 3 extend extend VBP 12299 1159 4 inward inward IN 12299 1159 5 radially radially NN 12299 1159 6 , , , 12299 1159 7 side side NN 12299 1159 8 by by IN 12299 1159 9 side side NN 12299 1159 10 , , , 12299 1159 11 in in IN 12299 1159 12 countless countless JJ 12299 1159 13 numbers number NNS 12299 1159 14 , , , 12299 1159 15 to to IN 12299 1159 16 the the DT 12299 1159 17 depth depth NN 12299 1159 18 of of IN 12299 1159 19 about about RB 12299 1159 20 one one CD 12299 1159 21 - - HYPH 12299 1159 22 half half NN 12299 1159 23 inch inch NN 12299 1159 24 . . . 12299 1160 1 The the DT 12299 1160 2 thin thin JJ 12299 1160 3 wood wood NN 12299 1160 4 partitions partition NNS 12299 1160 5 remaining remain VBG 12299 1160 6 are be VBP 12299 1160 7 destroyed destroy VBN 12299 1160 8 by by IN 12299 1160 9 wave wave NN 12299 1160 10 action action NN 12299 1160 11 , , , 12299 1160 12 so so IN 12299 1160 13 that that IN 12299 1160 14 a a DT 12299 1160 15 fresh fresh JJ 12299 1160 16 surface surface NN 12299 1160 17 is be VBZ 12299 1160 18 exposed expose VBN 12299 1160 19 to to IN 12299 1160 20 attack attack NN 12299 1160 21 . . . 12299 1161 1 Both both DT 12299 1161 2 hard hard JJ 12299 1161 3 and and CC 12299 1161 4 soft soft JJ 12299 1161 5 woods wood NNS 12299 1161 6 are be VBP 12299 1161 7 damaged damage VBN 12299 1161 8 , , , 12299 1161 9 but but CC 12299 1161 10 the the DT 12299 1161 11 rate rate NN 12299 1161 12 is be VBZ 12299 1161 13 faster fast JJR 12299 1161 14 in in IN 12299 1161 15 the the DT 12299 1161 16 soft soft JJ 12299 1161 17 woods wood NNS 12299 1161 18 or or CC 12299 1161 19 softer soft JJR 12299 1161 20 portions portion NNS 12299 1161 21 of of IN 12299 1161 22 a a DT 12299 1161 23 wood wood NN 12299 1161 24 . . . 12299 1162 1 Timbers timber NNS 12299 1162 2 seriously seriously RB 12299 1162 3 attacked attack VBN 12299 1162 4 by by IN 12299 1162 5 marine marine JJ 12299 1162 6 borers borer NNS 12299 1162 7 are be VBP 12299 1162 8 badly badly RB 12299 1162 9 weakened weakened JJ 12299 1162 10 or or CC 12299 1162 11 completely completely RB 12299 1162 12 destroyed destroy VBN 12299 1162 13 . . . 12299 1163 1 If if IN 12299 1163 2 the the DT 12299 1163 3 original original JJ 12299 1163 4 strength strength NN 12299 1163 5 of of IN 12299 1163 6 the the DT 12299 1163 7 material material NN 12299 1163 8 is be VBZ 12299 1163 9 to to TO 12299 1163 10 be be VB 12299 1163 11 preserved preserve VBN 12299 1163 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1163 13 is be VBZ 12299 1163 14 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1163 15 to to TO 12299 1163 16 protect protect VB 12299 1163 17 the the DT 12299 1163 18 wood wood NN 12299 1163 19 from from IN 12299 1163 20 the the DT 12299 1163 21 borers borer NNS 12299 1163 22 . . . 12299 1164 1 This this DT 12299 1164 2 is be VBZ 12299 1164 3 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1164 4 accomplished accomplish VBN 12299 1164 5 by by IN 12299 1164 6 proper proper JJ 12299 1164 7 injection injection NN 12299 1164 8 of of IN 12299 1164 9 creosote creosote NN 12299 1164 10 oil oil NN 12299 1164 11 , , , 12299 1164 12 and and CC 12299 1164 13 more more RBR 12299 1164 14 or or CC 12299 1164 15 less less RBR 12299 1164 16 successfully successfully RB 12299 1164 17 by by IN 12299 1164 18 the the DT 12299 1164 19 use use NN 12299 1164 20 of of IN 12299 1164 21 various various JJ 12299 1164 22 kinds kind NNS 12299 1164 23 of of IN 12299 1164 24 external external JJ 12299 1164 25 coatings coating NNS 12299 1164 26 . . . 12299 1165 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1165 2 38 38 CD 12299 1165 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1165 4 No no DT 12299 1165 5 treatment treatment NN 12299 1165 6 , , , 12299 1165 7 however however RB 12299 1165 8 , , , 12299 1165 9 has have VBZ 12299 1165 10 proved prove VBN 12299 1165 11 entirely entirely RB 12299 1165 12 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 12299 1165 13 . . . 12299 1166 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1166 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1166 3 38 38 CD 12299 1166 4 : : : 12299 1166 5 See see VB 12299 1166 6 Smith Smith NNP 12299 1166 7 , , , 12299 1166 8 C. C. NNP 12299 1166 9 Stowell Stowell NNP 12299 1166 10 : : : 12299 1166 11 Preservation preservation NN 12299 1166 12 of of IN 12299 1166 13 piling pile VBG 12299 1166 14 against against IN 12299 1166 15 marine marine JJ 12299 1166 16 wood wood NN 12299 1166 17 borers borer NNS 12299 1166 18 . . . 12299 1167 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1167 2 . . . 12299 1168 1 128 128 CD 12299 1168 2 , , , 12299 1168 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1168 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1168 5 Service Service NNP 12299 1168 6 , , , 12299 1168 7 1908 1908 CD 12299 1168 8 , , , 12299 1168 9 pp pp NNP 12299 1168 10 . . . 12299 1169 1 15 15 CD 12299 1169 2 . . . 12299 1169 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1170 1 FUNGOUS fungous JJ 12299 1170 2 INJURIES[39 INJURIES[39 '' 12299 1170 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1170 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1170 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1170 6 39 39 CD 12299 1170 7 : : : 12299 1170 8 See see VB 12299 1170 9 Von Von NNP 12299 1170 10 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 12299 1170 11 , , , 12299 1170 12 H. H. NNP 12299 1170 13 : : : 12299 1170 14 The the DT 12299 1170 15 decay decay NN 12299 1170 16 of of IN 12299 1170 17 timber timber NN 12299 1170 18 and and CC 12299 1170 19 methods method NNS 12299 1170 20 of of IN 12299 1170 21 preventing prevent VBG 12299 1170 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1170 23 . . . 12299 1171 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1171 2 . . . 12299 1172 1 14 14 CD 12299 1172 2 , , , 12299 1172 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1172 4 Bu Bu NNP 12299 1172 5 . . . 12299 1173 1 Plant plant NN 12299 1173 2 Industry Industry NNP 12299 1173 3 , , , 12299 1173 4 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1173 5 , , , 12299 1173 6 D.C. D.C. NNP 12299 1173 7 , , , 12299 1173 8 1902 1902 CD 12299 1173 9 . . . 12299 1174 1 Also also RB 12299 1174 2 Buls bul NNS 12299 1174 3 . . . 12299 1175 1 32 32 CD 12299 1175 2 , , , 12299 1175 3 114 114 CD 12299 1175 4 , , , 12299 1175 5 214 214 CD 12299 1175 6 , , , 12299 1175 7 266 266 CD 12299 1175 8 . . . 12299 1176 1 Meineoke Meineoke NNP 12299 1176 2 , , , 12299 1176 3 E.P. E.P. NNP 12299 1177 1 : : : 12299 1177 2 Forest forest NN 12299 1177 3 tree tree NN 12299 1177 4 diseases disease VBZ 12299 1177 5 common common JJ 12299 1177 6 in in IN 12299 1177 7 California California NNP 12299 1177 8 and and CC 12299 1177 9 Nevada Nevada NNP 12299 1177 10 , , , 12299 1177 11 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1177 12 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1177 13 Service Service NNP 12299 1177 14 , , , 12299 1177 15 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1177 16 , , , 12299 1177 17 D.C. D.C. NNP 12299 1177 18 , , , 12299 1177 19 1914 1914 CD 12299 1177 20 . . . 12299 1178 1 Hartig Hartig NNP 12299 1178 2 , , , 12299 1178 3 R. R. NNP 12299 1178 4 : : : 12299 1178 5 The the DT 12299 1178 6 diseases disease NNS 12299 1178 7 of of IN 12299 1178 8 trees tree NNS 12299 1178 9 . . . 12299 1179 1 London London NNP 12299 1179 2 and and CC 12299 1179 3 New New NNP 12299 1179 4 York York NNP 12299 1179 5 , , , 12299 1179 6 1894 1894 CD 12299 1179 7 . . . 12299 1179 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1180 1 Fungi fungus NNS 12299 1180 2 are be VBP 12299 1180 3 responsible responsible JJ 12299 1180 4 for for IN 12299 1180 5 almost almost RB 12299 1180 6 all all DT 12299 1180 7 decay decay NN 12299 1180 8 of of IN 12299 1180 9 wood wood NN 12299 1180 10 . . . 12299 1181 1 So so RB 12299 1181 2 far far RB 12299 1181 3 as as IN 12299 1181 4 known know VBN 12299 1181 5 , , , 12299 1181 6 all all DT 12299 1181 7 decay decay NN 12299 1181 8 is be VBZ 12299 1181 9 produced produce VBN 12299 1181 10 by by IN 12299 1181 11 living live VBG 12299 1181 12 organisms organism NNS 12299 1181 13 , , , 12299 1181 14 either either CC 12299 1181 15 fungi fungi NN 12299 1181 16 or or CC 12299 1181 17 bacteria bacteria NNS 12299 1181 18 . . . 12299 1182 1 Some some DT 12299 1182 2 species species NN 12299 1182 3 attack attack NN 12299 1182 4 living living NN 12299 1182 5 trees tree NNS 12299 1182 6 , , , 12299 1182 7 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1182 8 killing kill VBG 12299 1182 9 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1182 10 , , , 12299 1182 11 or or CC 12299 1182 12 making make VBG 12299 1182 13 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1182 14 hollow hollow JJ 12299 1182 15 , , , 12299 1182 16 or or CC 12299 1182 17 in in IN 12299 1182 18 the the DT 12299 1182 19 case case NN 12299 1182 20 of of IN 12299 1182 21 pecky pecky JJ 12299 1182 22 cypress cypress NN 12299 1182 23 and and CC 12299 1182 24 incense incense NN 12299 1182 25 cedar cedar NN 12299 1182 26 filling fill VBG 12299 1182 27 the the DT 12299 1182 28 wood wood NN 12299 1182 29 with with IN 12299 1182 30 galleries gallery NNS 12299 1182 31 like like IN 12299 1182 32 those those DT 12299 1182 33 of of IN 12299 1182 34 boring boring JJ 12299 1182 35 insects insect NNS 12299 1182 36 . . . 12299 1183 1 A a DT 12299 1183 2 much much RB 12299 1183 3 larger large JJR 12299 1183 4 variety variety NN 12299 1183 5 work work NN 12299 1183 6 only only RB 12299 1183 7 in in IN 12299 1183 8 felled fell VBN 12299 1183 9 or or CC 12299 1183 10 dead dead JJ 12299 1183 11 wood wood NN 12299 1183 12 , , , 12299 1183 13 even even RB 12299 1183 14 after after IN 12299 1183 15 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1183 16 is be VBZ 12299 1183 17 placed place VBN 12299 1183 18 in in IN 12299 1183 19 buildings building NNS 12299 1183 20 or or CC 12299 1183 21 manufactured manufacture VBN 12299 1183 22 articles article NNS 12299 1183 23 . . . 12299 1184 1 In in IN 12299 1184 2 any any DT 12299 1184 3 case case NN 12299 1184 4 the the DT 12299 1184 5 process process NN 12299 1184 6 of of IN 12299 1184 7 destruction destruction NN 12299 1184 8 is be VBZ 12299 1184 9 the the DT 12299 1184 10 same same JJ 12299 1184 11 . . . 12299 1185 1 The the DT 12299 1185 2 mycelial mycelial JJ 12299 1185 3 threads thread NNS 12299 1185 4 penetrate penetrate VBP 12299 1185 5 the the DT 12299 1185 6 walls wall NNS 12299 1185 7 of of IN 12299 1185 8 the the DT 12299 1185 9 cells cell NNS 12299 1185 10 in in IN 12299 1185 11 search search NN 12299 1185 12 of of IN 12299 1185 13 food food NN 12299 1185 14 , , , 12299 1185 15 which which WDT 12299 1185 16 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1185 17 find find VBP 12299 1185 18 either either CC 12299 1185 19 in in IN 12299 1185 20 the the DT 12299 1185 21 cell cell NN 12299 1185 22 contents content NNS 12299 1185 23 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1185 24 starches starch NNS 12299 1185 25 , , , 12299 1185 26 sugars sugar NNS 12299 1185 27 , , , 12299 1185 28 etc etc FW 12299 1185 29 . . . 12299 1186 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1186 2 , , , 12299 1186 3 or or CC 12299 1186 4 in in IN 12299 1186 5 the the DT 12299 1186 6 cell cell NN 12299 1186 7 wall wall NN 12299 1186 8 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 1186 9 . . . 12299 1187 1 The the DT 12299 1187 2 breaking break VBG 12299 1187 3 down down RP 12299 1187 4 of of IN 12299 1187 5 the the DT 12299 1187 6 cell cell NN 12299 1187 7 walls wall NNS 12299 1187 8 through through IN 12299 1187 9 the the DT 12299 1187 10 chemical chemical NN 12299 1187 11 action action NN 12299 1187 12 of of IN 12299 1187 13 so so RB 12299 1187 14 - - HYPH 12299 1187 15 called call VBN 12299 1187 16 " " `` 12299 1187 17 enzymes enzyme NNS 12299 1187 18 " " '' 12299 1187 19 secreted secrete VBN 12299 1187 20 by by IN 12299 1187 21 the the DT 12299 1187 22 fungi fungi NN 12299 1187 23 follows follow VBZ 12299 1187 24 , , , 12299 1187 25 and and CC 12299 1187 26 the the DT 12299 1187 27 eventual eventual JJ 12299 1187 28 product product NN 12299 1187 29 is be VBZ 12299 1187 30 a a DT 12299 1187 31 rotten rotten JJ 12299 1187 32 , , , 12299 1187 33 moist moist JJ 12299 1187 34 substance substance NN 12299 1187 35 crumbling crumble VBG 12299 1187 36 readily readily RB 12299 1187 37 under under IN 12299 1187 38 the the DT 12299 1187 39 slightest slight JJS 12299 1187 40 pressure pressure NN 12299 1187 41 . . . 12299 1188 1 Some some DT 12299 1188 2 species specie NNS 12299 1188 3 remove remove VBP 12299 1188 4 the the DT 12299 1188 5 ligneous ligneous JJ 12299 1188 6 matter matter NN 12299 1188 7 and and CC 12299 1188 8 leave leave VBP 12299 1188 9 almost almost RB 12299 1188 10 pure pure JJ 12299 1188 11 cellulose cellulose NN 12299 1188 12 , , , 12299 1188 13 which which WDT 12299 1188 14 is be VBZ 12299 1188 15 white white JJ 12299 1188 16 , , , 12299 1188 17 like like IN 12299 1188 18 cotton cotton NN 12299 1188 19 ; ; : 12299 1188 20 others other NNS 12299 1188 21 dissolve dissolve VBP 12299 1188 22 the the DT 12299 1188 23 cellulose cellulose NN 12299 1188 24 , , , 12299 1188 25 leaving leave VBG 12299 1188 26 a a DT 12299 1188 27 brittle brittle JJ 12299 1188 28 , , , 12299 1188 29 dark dark JJ 12299 1188 30 brown brown JJ 12299 1188 31 mass mass NN 12299 1188 32 of of IN 12299 1188 33 ligno ligno NN 12299 1188 34 - - HYPH 12299 1188 35 cellulose cellulose NN 12299 1188 36 . . . 12299 1189 1 Fungi Fungi NNP 12299 1189 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1189 3 such such JJ 12299 1189 4 as as IN 12299 1189 5 the the DT 12299 1189 6 bluing bluing NN 12299 1189 7 fungus fungus NN 12299 1189 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1189 9 which which WDT 12299 1189 10 merely merely RB 12299 1189 11 stain stain VBP 12299 1189 12 wood wood NN 12299 1189 13 usually usually RB 12299 1189 14 do do VBP 12299 1189 15 not not RB 12299 1189 16 affect affect VB 12299 1189 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1189 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1189 19 properties property NNS 12299 1189 20 unless unless IN 12299 1189 21 the the DT 12299 1189 22 attacks attack NNS 12299 1189 23 are be VBP 12299 1189 24 excessive excessive JJ 12299 1189 25 . . . 12299 1190 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1190 2 is be VBZ 12299 1190 3 evident evident JJ 12299 1190 4 , , , 12299 1190 5 then then RB 12299 1190 6 , , , 12299 1190 7 that that IN 12299 1190 8 the the DT 12299 1190 9 action action NN 12299 1190 10 of of IN 12299 1190 11 rot rot VB 12299 1190 12 - - HYPH 12299 1190 13 causing cause VBG 12299 1190 14 fungi fungi NN 12299 1190 15 is be VBZ 12299 1190 16 to to TO 12299 1190 17 decrease decrease VB 12299 1190 18 the the DT 12299 1190 19 strength strength NN 12299 1190 20 of of IN 12299 1190 21 wood wood NN 12299 1190 22 , , , 12299 1190 23 rendering render VBG 12299 1190 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1190 25 unsound unsound JJ 12299 1190 26 , , , 12299 1190 27 brittle brittle JJ 12299 1190 28 , , , 12299 1190 29 and and CC 12299 1190 30 dangerous dangerous JJ 12299 1190 31 to to TO 12299 1190 32 use use VB 12299 1190 33 . . . 12299 1191 1 The the DT 12299 1191 2 most most RBS 12299 1191 3 dangerous dangerous JJ 12299 1191 4 kinds kind NNS 12299 1191 5 are be VBP 12299 1191 6 the the DT 12299 1191 7 so so RB 12299 1191 8 - - HYPH 12299 1191 9 called call VBN 12299 1191 10 " " `` 12299 1191 11 dry dry NNP 12299 1191 12 - - HYPH 12299 1191 13 rot rot VB 12299 1191 14 " " '' 12299 1191 15 fungi fungi NN 12299 1191 16 which which WDT 12299 1191 17 work work VBP 12299 1191 18 in in IN 12299 1191 19 many many JJ 12299 1191 20 kinds kind NNS 12299 1191 21 of of IN 12299 1191 22 lumber lumber NN 12299 1191 23 after after IN 12299 1191 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1191 25 is be VBZ 12299 1191 26 placed place VBN 12299 1191 27 in in IN 12299 1191 28 the the DT 12299 1191 29 buildings building NNS 12299 1191 30 . . . 12299 1192 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1192 2 are be VBP 12299 1192 3 particularly particularly RB 12299 1192 4 to to TO 12299 1192 5 be be VB 12299 1192 6 dreaded dread VBN 12299 1192 7 because because IN 12299 1192 8 unseen unseen JJ 12299 1192 9 , , , 12299 1192 10 working work VBG 12299 1192 11 as as IN 12299 1192 12 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1192 13 do do VBP 12299 1192 14 within within IN 12299 1192 15 the the DT 12299 1192 16 walls wall NNS 12299 1192 17 or or CC 12299 1192 18 inside inside RB 12299 1192 19 of of IN 12299 1192 20 casings casing NNS 12299 1192 21 . . . 12299 1193 1 Several several JJ 12299 1193 2 serious serious JJ 12299 1193 3 wrecks wreck NNS 12299 1193 4 of of IN 12299 1193 5 large large JJ 12299 1193 6 buildings building NNS 12299 1193 7 have have VBP 12299 1193 8 been be VBN 12299 1193 9 attributed attribute VBN 12299 1193 10 to to IN 12299 1193 11 this this DT 12299 1193 12 cause cause NN 12299 1193 13 . . . 12299 1194 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1194 2 is be VBZ 12299 1194 3 stated[40 stated[40 NN 12299 1194 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1194 5 that that IN 12299 1194 6 in in IN 12299 1194 7 the the DT 12299 1194 8 three three CD 12299 1194 9 years year NNS 12299 1194 10 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1194 11 1911 1911 CD 12299 1194 12 - - SYM 12299 1194 13 1913 1913 CD 12299 1194 14 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1194 15 more more JJR 12299 1194 16 than than IN 12299 1194 17 $ $ $ 12299 1194 18 100,000 100,000 CD 12299 1194 19 was be VBD 12299 1194 20 required require VBN 12299 1194 21 to to TO 12299 1194 22 repair repair VB 12299 1194 23 damage damage NN 12299 1194 24 due due JJ 12299 1194 25 to to IN 12299 1194 26 dry dry JJ 12299 1194 27 rot rot NN 12299 1194 28 . . . 12299 1195 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1195 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1195 3 40 40 CD 12299 1195 4 : : : 12299 1195 5 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1195 6 rot rot VB 12299 1195 7 in in IN 12299 1195 8 factory factory NN 12299 1195 9 timbers timber NNS 12299 1195 10 , , , 12299 1195 11 by by IN 12299 1195 12 Inspection Inspection NNP 12299 1195 13 Dept Dept NNP 12299 1195 14 . . . 12299 1196 1 Associated Associated NNP 12299 1196 2 Factory Factory NNP 12299 1196 3 Mutual Mutual NNP 12299 1196 4 Fire Fire NNP 12299 1196 5 Insurance Insurance NNP 12299 1196 6 Cos Cos NNP 12299 1196 7 . . NNP 12299 1196 8 , , , 12299 1196 9 31 31 CD 12299 1196 10 Milk Milk NNP 12299 1196 11 Street Street NNP 12299 1196 12 , , , 12299 1196 13 Boston Boston NNP 12299 1196 14 , , , 12299 1196 15 1913 1913 CD 12299 1196 16 . . . 12299 1196 17 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1197 1 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1197 2 rot rot NNP 12299 1197 3 develops develop VBZ 12299 1197 4 best good JJS 12299 1197 5 at at IN 12299 1197 6 75 75â CD 12299 1197 7 ° ° , 12299 1197 8 F F NNP 12299 1197 9 . . . 12299 1198 1 and and CC 12299 1198 2 is be VBZ 12299 1198 3 said say VBN 12299 1198 4 to to TO 12299 1198 5 be be VB 12299 1198 6 killed kill VBN 12299 1198 7 by by IN 12299 1198 8 a a DT 12299 1198 9 temperature temperature NN 12299 1198 10 of of IN 12299 1198 11 110 110 NNP 12299 1198 12 ° ° , 12299 1198 13 F F NNP 12299 1198 14 . . . 12299 1199 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1199 2 41 41 CD 12299 1199 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1199 4 Fully fully RB 12299 1199 5 70 70 CD 12299 1199 6 per per IN 12299 1199 7 cent cent NN 12299 1199 8 humidity humidity NN 12299 1199 9 is be VBZ 12299 1199 10 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1199 11 in in IN 12299 1199 12 the the DT 12299 1199 13 air air NN 12299 1199 14 in in IN 12299 1199 15 which which WDT 12299 1199 16 a a DT 12299 1199 17 timber timber NN 12299 1199 18 is be VBZ 12299 1199 19 surrounded surround VBN 12299 1199 20 for for IN 12299 1199 21 the the DT 12299 1199 22 growth growth NN 12299 1199 23 of of IN 12299 1199 24 this this DT 12299 1199 25 fungus fungus NN 12299 1199 26 , , , 12299 1199 27 and and CC 12299 1199 28 probably probably RB 12299 1199 29 the the DT 12299 1199 30 wood wood NN 12299 1199 31 must must MD 12299 1199 32 be be VB 12299 1199 33 quite quite RB 12299 1199 34 near near IN 12299 1199 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1199 36 fibre fibre NNP 12299 1199 37 saturation saturation NN 12299 1199 38 condition condition NN 12299 1199 39 . . . 12299 1200 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 12299 1200 2 _ _ NNP 12299 1200 3 Merulius Merulius NNP 12299 1200 4 lacrymans lacryman NNS 12299 1200 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1200 6 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1200 7 one one CD 12299 1200 8 of of IN 12299 1200 9 the the DT 12299 1200 10 most most RBS 12299 1200 11 important important JJ 12299 1200 12 species specie NNS 12299 1200 13 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1200 14 has have VBZ 12299 1200 15 been be VBN 12299 1200 16 found find VBN 12299 1200 17 to to TO 12299 1200 18 live live VB 12299 1200 19 four four CD 12299 1200 20 years year NNS 12299 1200 21 and and CC 12299 1200 22 eight eight CD 12299 1200 23 months month NNS 12299 1200 24 in in IN 12299 1200 25 a a DT 12299 1200 26 dry dry JJ 12299 1200 27 condition condition NN 12299 1200 28 . . . 12299 1201 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1201 2 42 42 CD 12299 1201 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1201 4 Thorough thorough JJ 12299 1201 5 kiln kiln NN 12299 1201 6 - - HYPH 12299 1201 7 drying drying NN 12299 1201 8 will will MD 12299 1201 9 kill kill VB 12299 1201 10 this this DT 12299 1201 11 fungus fungus NN 12299 1201 12 , , , 12299 1201 13 but but CC 12299 1201 14 will will MD 12299 1201 15 not not RB 12299 1201 16 prevent prevent VB 12299 1201 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1201 18 redevelopment redevelopment NN 12299 1201 19 . . . 12299 1202 1 Antiseptic antiseptic JJ 12299 1202 2 treatment treatment NN 12299 1202 3 , , , 12299 1202 4 such such JJ 12299 1202 5 as as IN 12299 1202 6 creosoting creosoting NN 12299 1202 7 , , , 12299 1202 8 is be VBZ 12299 1202 9 the the DT 12299 1202 10 best good JJS 12299 1202 11 prevention prevention NN 12299 1202 12 . . . 12299 1203 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1203 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1203 3 41 41 CD 12299 1203 4 : : : 12299 1203 5 Falck Falck NNP 12299 1203 6 , , , 12299 1203 7 Richard Richard NNP 12299 1203 8 : : : 12299 1203 9 Die Die NNP 12299 1203 10 Meruliusfaüle Meruliusfaüle HYPH 12299 1203 11 des des NNP 12299 1203 12 Bauholzes Bauholzes NNP 12299 1203 13 , , , 12299 1203 14 Hausschwammforschungen Hausschwammforschungen NNP 12299 1203 15 , , , 12299 1203 16 6 6 CD 12299 1203 17 . . . 12299 1204 1 Heft Heft NNP 12299 1204 2 . . . 12299 1204 3 , , , 12299 1204 4 Jena Jena NNP 12299 1204 5 , , , 12299 1204 6 1912 1912 CD 12299 1204 7 . . . 12299 1204 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1205 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1205 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1205 3 42 42 CD 12299 1205 4 : : : 12299 1205 5 Mez Mez NNP 12299 1205 6 , , , 12299 1205 7 Carl Carl NNP 12299 1205 8 : : : 12299 1205 9 Der Der NNP 12299 1205 10 Hausschwamm Hausschwamm NNP 12299 1205 11 . . . 12299 1206 1 Dresden dresden JJ 12299 1206 2 , , , 12299 1206 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 1206 4 , , , 12299 1206 5 p. p. NN 12299 1207 1 63 63 CD 12299 1207 2 . . . 12299 1207 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1208 1 All all DT 12299 1208 2 fungi fungus NNS 12299 1208 3 require require VBP 12299 1208 4 moisture moisture NN 12299 1208 5 and and CC 12299 1208 6 air[43 air[43 NN 12299 1208 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1208 8 for for IN 12299 1208 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1208 10 growth growth NN 12299 1208 11 . . . 12299 1209 1 Deprived deprive VBN 12299 1209 2 of of IN 12299 1209 3 either either DT 12299 1209 4 of of IN 12299 1209 5 these these DT 12299 1209 6 the the DT 12299 1209 7 fungus fungus NN 12299 1209 8 dies die VBZ 12299 1209 9 or or CC 12299 1209 10 ceases cease VBZ 12299 1209 11 to to TO 12299 1209 12 develop develop VB 12299 1209 13 . . . 12299 1210 1 Just just RB 12299 1210 2 what what WDT 12299 1210 3 degree degree NN 12299 1210 4 of of IN 12299 1210 5 moisture moisture NN 12299 1210 6 in in IN 12299 1210 7 wood wood NN 12299 1210 8 is be VBZ 12299 1210 9 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1210 10 for for IN 12299 1210 11 the the DT 12299 1210 12 " " `` 12299 1210 13 dry dry NNP 12299 1210 14 - - HYPH 12299 1210 15 rot rot VB 12299 1210 16 " " `` 12299 1210 17 fungus fungus NN 12299 1210 18 has have VBZ 12299 1210 19 not not RB 12299 1210 20 been be VBN 12299 1210 21 determined determine VBN 12299 1210 22 , , , 12299 1210 23 but but CC 12299 1210 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1210 25 is be VBZ 12299 1210 26 evidently evidently RB 12299 1210 27 considerably considerably RB 12299 1210 28 above above IN 12299 1210 29 that that DT 12299 1210 30 of of IN 12299 1210 31 thoroughly thoroughly RB 12299 1210 32 air air NN 12299 1210 33 - - HYPH 12299 1210 34 dry dry JJ 12299 1210 35 timber timber NN 12299 1210 36 , , , 12299 1210 37 probably probably RB 12299 1210 38 more more JJR 12299 1210 39 than than IN 12299 1210 40 15 15 CD 12299 1210 41 per per NN 12299 1210 42 cent cent NN 12299 1210 43 moisture moisture NN 12299 1210 44 . . . 12299 1211 1 Hence hence RB 12299 1211 2 the the DT 12299 1211 3 importance importance NN 12299 1211 4 of of IN 12299 1211 5 free free JJ 12299 1211 6 circulation circulation NN 12299 1211 7 of of IN 12299 1211 8 air air NN 12299 1211 9 about about IN 12299 1211 10 all all DT 12299 1211 11 timbers timber NNS 12299 1211 12 in in IN 12299 1211 13 a a DT 12299 1211 14 building building NN 12299 1211 15 . . . 12299 1212 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1212 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1212 3 43 43 CD 12299 1212 4 : : : 12299 1212 5 A a DT 12299 1212 6 culture culture NN 12299 1212 7 of of IN 12299 1212 8 fungus fungus NN 12299 1212 9 placed place VBN 12299 1212 10 in in IN 12299 1212 11 a a DT 12299 1212 12 glass glass NN 12299 1212 13 jar jar NN 12299 1212 14 and and CC 12299 1212 15 the the DT 12299 1212 16 air air NN 12299 1212 17 pumped pump VBD 12299 1212 18 out out RP 12299 1212 19 ceases cease NNS 12299 1212 20 to to TO 12299 1212 21 grow grow VB 12299 1212 22 , , , 12299 1212 23 but but CC 12299 1212 24 will will MD 12299 1212 25 start start VB 12299 1212 26 again again RB 12299 1212 27 as as RB 12299 1212 28 soon soon RB 12299 1212 29 as as IN 12299 1212 30 oxygen oxygen NN 12299 1212 31 is be VBZ 12299 1212 32 admitted admit VBN 12299 1212 33 . . . 12299 1212 34 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1213 1 Warmth Warmth NNP 12299 1213 2 is be VBZ 12299 1213 3 also also RB 12299 1213 4 conducive conducive JJ 12299 1213 5 to to IN 12299 1213 6 the the DT 12299 1213 7 growth growth NN 12299 1213 8 of of IN 12299 1213 9 fungi fungi NNP 12299 1213 10 , , , 12299 1213 11 the the DT 12299 1213 12 most most RBS 12299 1213 13 favorable favorable JJ 12299 1213 14 temperature temperature NN 12299 1213 15 being be VBG 12299 1213 16 about about IN 12299 1213 17 90 90 NNP 12299 1213 18 ° ° , 12299 1213 19 F f NN 12299 1213 20 . . . 12299 1214 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1214 2 can can MD 12299 1214 3 not not RB 12299 1214 4 grow grow VB 12299 1214 5 in in IN 12299 1214 6 extreme extreme JJ 12299 1214 7 cold cold NN 12299 1214 8 , , , 12299 1214 9 although although IN 12299 1214 10 no no DT 12299 1214 11 degree degree NN 12299 1214 12 of of IN 12299 1214 13 cold cold NN 12299 1214 14 such such JJ 12299 1214 15 as as IN 12299 1214 16 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1214 17 naturally naturally RB 12299 1214 18 will will MD 12299 1214 19 kill kill VB 12299 1214 20 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1214 21 . . . 12299 1215 1 On on IN 12299 1215 2 the the DT 12299 1215 3 other other JJ 12299 1215 4 hand hand NN 12299 1215 5 , , , 12299 1215 6 high high JJ 12299 1215 7 temperature temperature NN 12299 1215 8 will will MD 12299 1215 9 kill kill VB 12299 1215 10 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1215 11 , , , 12299 1215 12 but but CC 12299 1215 13 the the DT 12299 1215 14 spores spore NNS 12299 1215 15 may may MD 12299 1215 16 survive survive VB 12299 1215 17 even even RB 12299 1215 18 the the DT 12299 1215 19 boiling boiling NN 12299 1215 20 temperature temperature NN 12299 1215 21 . . . 12299 1216 1 Mould Mould NNP 12299 1216 2 fungus fungus NN 12299 1216 3 has have VBZ 12299 1216 4 been be VBN 12299 1216 5 observed observe VBN 12299 1216 6 to to TO 12299 1216 7 develop develop VB 12299 1216 8 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1216 9 at at IN 12299 1216 10 130 130â CD 12299 1216 11 ° ° NN 12299 1216 12 F F NNP 12299 1216 13 . . . 12299 1217 1 in in IN 12299 1217 2 a a DT 12299 1217 3 dry dry JJ 12299 1217 4 kiln kiln NN 12299 1217 5 in in IN 12299 1217 6 moist moist JJ 12299 1217 7 air air NN 12299 1217 8 , , , 12299 1217 9 a a DT 12299 1217 10 condition condition NN 12299 1217 11 under under IN 12299 1217 12 which which WDT 12299 1217 13 an an DT 12299 1217 14 animal animal NN 12299 1217 15 can can MD 12299 1217 16 not not RB 12299 1217 17 live live VB 12299 1217 18 more more JJR 12299 1217 19 than than IN 12299 1217 20 a a DT 12299 1217 21 few few JJ 12299 1217 22 minutes minute NNS 12299 1217 23 . . . 12299 1218 1 This this DT 12299 1218 2 fungus fungus NN 12299 1218 3 was be VBD 12299 1218 4 killed kill VBN 12299 1218 5 , , , 12299 1218 6 however however RB 12299 1218 7 , , , 12299 1218 8 at at IN 12299 1218 9 about about IN 12299 1218 10 140 140â CD 12299 1218 11 ° ° , 12299 1218 12 or or CC 12299 1218 13 145 145â CD 12299 1218 14 ° ° , 12299 1218 15 F f NN 12299 1218 16 . . . 12299 1219 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1219 2 44 44 CD 12299 1219 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1219 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1219 5 Footnote footnote NN 12299 1219 6 44 44 CD 12299 1219 7 : : : 12299 1219 8 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 1219 9 in in IN 12299 1219 10 kiln kiln NN 12299 1219 11 - - HYPH 12299 1219 12 drying drying NN 12299 1219 13 _ _ NNP 12299 1219 14 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus NNP 12299 1219 15 _ _ NNP 12299 1219 16 in in IN 12299 1219 17 Berkeley Berkeley NNP 12299 1219 18 , , , 12299 1219 19 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1219 20 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1219 21 Service Service NNP 12299 1219 22 . . . 12299 1219 23 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1220 1 The the DT 12299 1220 2 fungus fungus NN 12299 1220 3 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1220 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1220 5 Endothia Endothia NNP 12299 1220 6 parasitica parasitica NN 12299 1220 7 _ _ NNP 12299 1220 8 And and CC 12299 1220 9 . . . 12299 1220 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1221 1 which which WDT 12299 1221 2 causes cause VBZ 12299 1221 3 the the DT 12299 1221 4 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 1221 5 blight blight NN 12299 1221 6 kills kill VBZ 12299 1221 7 the the DT 12299 1221 8 trees tree NNS 12299 1221 9 by by IN 12299 1221 10 girdling girdle VBG 12299 1221 11 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1221 12 and and CC 12299 1221 13 has have VBZ 12299 1221 14 no no DT 12299 1221 15 direct direct JJ 12299 1221 16 effect effect NN 12299 1221 17 upon upon IN 12299 1221 18 the the DT 12299 1221 19 wood wood NN 12299 1221 20 save save NN 12299 1221 21 possibly possibly RB 12299 1221 22 the the DT 12299 1221 23 four four CD 12299 1221 24 or or CC 12299 1221 25 five five CD 12299 1221 26 growth growth NN 12299 1221 27 rings ring NNS 12299 1221 28 of of IN 12299 1221 29 the the DT 12299 1221 30 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 1221 31 . . . 12299 1222 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1222 2 45 45 CD 12299 1222 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1222 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1222 5 Footnote footnote NN 12299 1222 6 45 45 CD 12299 1222 7 : : : 12299 1222 8 See see VB 12299 1222 9 Anderson Anderson NNP 12299 1222 10 , , , 12299 1222 11 Paul Paul NNP 12299 1222 12 J. J. NNP 12299 1222 13 : : : 12299 1222 14 The the DT 12299 1222 15 morphology morphology NN 12299 1222 16 and and CC 12299 1222 17 life life NN 12299 1222 18 history history NN 12299 1222 19 of of IN 12299 1222 20 the the DT 12299 1222 21 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 1222 22 blight blight NN 12299 1222 23 fungus fungus NN 12299 1222 24 . . . 12299 1223 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1223 2 . . . 12299 1224 1 No no UH 12299 1224 2 . . . 12299 1225 1 7 7 LS 12299 1225 2 , , , 12299 1225 3 Penna Penna NNP 12299 1225 4 . . . 12299 1226 1 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 12299 1226 2 Tree Tree NNP 12299 1226 3 Blight Blight NNP 12299 1226 4 Com Com NNP 12299 1226 5 . . NNP 12299 1226 6 , , , 12299 1226 7 Harrisburg Harrisburg NNP 12299 1226 8 , , , 12299 1226 9 1914 1914 CD 12299 1226 10 , , , 12299 1226 11 p. p. NN 12299 1227 1 17 17 CD 12299 1227 2 . . . 12299 1227 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1228 1 PARASITIC parasitic JJ 12299 1228 2 PLANT plant NN 12299 1228 3 INJURIES injury NNS 12299 1228 4 . . . 12299 1229 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1229 2 46 46 CD 12299 1229 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1229 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1229 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1229 6 46 46 CD 12299 1229 7 : : : 12299 1229 8 See see VB 12299 1229 9 York York NNP 12299 1229 10 , , , 12299 1229 11 Harlan Harlan NNP 12299 1229 12 H. H. NNP 12299 1229 13 : : : 12299 1229 14 The the DT 12299 1229 15 anatomy anatomy NN 12299 1229 16 and and CC 12299 1229 17 some some DT 12299 1229 18 of of IN 12299 1229 19 the the DT 12299 1229 20 biological biological JJ 12299 1229 21 aspects aspect NNS 12299 1229 22 of of IN 12299 1229 23 the the DT 12299 1229 24 " " `` 12299 1229 25 American american JJ 12299 1229 26 mistletoe mistletoe NN 12299 1229 27 . . . 12299 1229 28 " " '' 12299 1230 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1230 2 . . . 12299 1231 1 120 120 CD 12299 1231 2 , , , 12299 1231 3 Sci Sci NNP 12299 1231 4 . . . 12299 1232 1 Ser Ser NNP 12299 1232 2 . . . 12299 1233 1 No no UH 12299 1233 2 . . . 12299 1234 1 13 13 CD 12299 1234 2 , , , 12299 1234 3 Univ Univ NNP 12299 1234 4 . . . 12299 1235 1 of of IN 12299 1235 2 Texas Texas NNP 12299 1235 3 , , , 12299 1235 4 Austin Austin NNP 12299 1235 5 , , , 12299 1235 6 1909 1909 CD 12299 1235 7 . . . 12299 1236 1 Bray Bray NNP 12299 1236 2 , , , 12299 1236 3 Wm Wm NNP 12299 1236 4 . . . 12299 1237 1 L. L. NNP 12299 1237 2 : : : 12299 1237 3 The the DT 12299 1237 4 mistletoe mistletoe NN 12299 1237 5 pest pest NN 12299 1237 6 in in IN 12299 1237 7 the the DT 12299 1237 8 Southwest Southwest NNP 12299 1237 9 . . . 12299 1238 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1238 2 . . . 12299 1239 1 166 166 CD 12299 1239 2 , , , 12299 1239 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1239 4 Bu Bu NNP 12299 1239 5 . . . 12299 1240 1 Plant Plant NNP 12299 1240 2 Ind. Indiana NNP 12299 1240 3 , , , 12299 1240 4 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1240 5 , , , 12299 1240 6 1910 1910 CD 12299 1240 7 . . . 12299 1241 1 Meinecke Meinecke NNP 12299 1241 2 , , , 12299 1241 3 E.P. E.P. NNP 12299 1242 1 : : : 12299 1242 2 Forest forest NN 12299 1242 3 tree tree NN 12299 1242 4 diseases disease VBZ 12299 1242 5 common common JJ 12299 1242 6 in in IN 12299 1242 7 California California NNP 12299 1242 8 and and CC 12299 1242 9 Nevada Nevada NNP 12299 1242 10 . . . 12299 1243 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1243 2 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1243 3 Service Service NNP 12299 1243 4 , , , 12299 1243 5 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1243 6 , , , 12299 1243 7 1914 1914 CD 12299 1243 8 , , , 12299 1243 9 pp pp NNP 12299 1243 10 . . . 12299 1244 1 54 54 CD 12299 1244 2 - - SYM 12299 1244 3 58 58 CD 12299 1244 4 . . . 12299 1244 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1245 1 The the DT 12299 1245 2 most most RBS 12299 1245 3 common common JJ 12299 1245 4 of of IN 12299 1245 5 the the DT 12299 1245 6 higher high JJR 12299 1245 7 parasitic parasitic JJ 12299 1245 8 plants plant NNS 12299 1245 9 damaging damage VBG 12299 1245 10 timber timber NN 12299 1245 11 trees tree NNS 12299 1245 12 are be VBP 12299 1245 13 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them -PRON- PRP 12299 1248 32 are be VBP 12299 1248 33 common common JJ 12299 1248 34 on on IN 12299 1248 35 coniferous coniferous JJ 12299 1248 36 trees tree NNS 12299 1248 37 in in IN 12299 1248 38 the the DT 12299 1248 39 Rocky Rocky NNP 12299 1248 40 Mountains Mountains NNPS 12299 1248 41 and and CC 12299 1248 42 along along IN 12299 1248 43 the the DT 12299 1248 44 Pacific Pacific NNP 12299 1248 45 coast coast NN 12299 1248 46 . . . 12299 1249 1 One one CD 12299 1249 2 effect effect NN 12299 1249 3 of of IN 12299 1249 4 the the DT 12299 1249 5 common common JJ 12299 1249 6 mistletoe mistletoe NN 12299 1249 7 is be VBZ 12299 1249 8 the the DT 12299 1249 9 formation formation NN 12299 1249 10 of of IN 12299 1249 11 large large JJ 12299 1249 12 swellings swelling NNS 12299 1249 13 or or CC 12299 1249 14 tumors tumor NNS 12299 1249 15 . . . 12299 1250 1 Often often RB 12299 1250 2 the the DT 12299 1250 3 entire entire JJ 12299 1250 4 tree tree NN 12299 1250 5 may may MD 12299 1250 6 become become VB 12299 1250 7 stunted stunted JJ 12299 1250 8 or or CC 12299 1250 9 distorted distort VBN 12299 1250 10 . . . 12299 1251 1 The the DT 12299 1251 2 western western JJ 12299 1251 3 mistletoe mistletoe NN 12299 1251 4 is be VBZ 12299 1251 5 most most RBS 12299 1251 6 common common JJ 12299 1251 7 on on IN 12299 1251 8 the the DT 12299 1251 9 branches branch NNS 12299 1251 10 , , , 12299 1251 11 where where WRB 12299 1251 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1251 13 produces produce VBZ 12299 1251 14 " " `` 12299 1251 15 witches witch NNS 12299 1251 16 ' ' POS 12299 1251 17 broom broom NN 12299 1251 18 . . . 12299 1251 19 " " '' 12299 1252 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1252 2 frequently frequently RB 12299 1252 3 attacks attack VBZ 12299 1252 4 the the DT 12299 1252 5 trunk trunk NN 12299 1252 6 as as RB 12299 1252 7 well well RB 12299 1252 8 , , , 12299 1252 9 and and CC 12299 1252 10 boards board NNS 12299 1252 11 cut cut NN 12299 1252 12 from from IN 12299 1252 13 such such JJ 12299 1252 14 trees tree NNS 12299 1252 15 are be VBP 12299 1252 16 filled fill VBN 12299 1252 17 with with IN 12299 1252 18 long long JJ 12299 1252 19 , , , 12299 1252 20 radial radial JJ 12299 1252 21 holes hole NNS 12299 1252 22 which which WDT 12299 1252 23 seriously seriously RB 12299 1252 24 damage damage VBP 12299 1252 25 or or CC 12299 1252 26 destroy destroy VB 12299 1252 27 the the DT 12299 1252 28 value value NN 12299 1252 29 of of IN 12299 1252 30 the the DT 12299 1252 31 timber timber NN 12299 1252 32 affected affect VBN 12299 1252 33 . . . 12299 1253 1 LOCALITY LOCALITY NNS 12299 1253 2 OF of IN 12299 1253 3 GROWTH GROWTH NNS 12299 1253 4 The the DT 12299 1253 5 data datum NNS 12299 1253 6 available available JJ 12299 1253 7 regarding regard VBG 12299 1253 8 the the DT 12299 1253 9 effect effect NN 12299 1253 10 of of IN 12299 1253 11 the the DT 12299 1253 12 locality locality NN 12299 1253 13 of of IN 12299 1253 14 growth growth NN 12299 1253 15 upon upon IN 12299 1253 16 the the DT 12299 1253 17 properties property NNS 12299 1253 18 of of IN 12299 1253 19 wood wood NN 12299 1253 20 are be VBP 12299 1253 21 not not RB 12299 1253 22 sufficient sufficient JJ 12299 1253 23 to to TO 12299 1253 24 warrant warrant VB 12299 1253 25 definite definite JJ 12299 1253 26 conclusions conclusion NNS 12299 1253 27 . . . 12299 1254 1 The the DT 12299 1254 2 subject subject NN 12299 1254 3 has have VBZ 12299 1254 4 , , , 12299 1254 5 however however RB 12299 1254 6 , , , 12299 1254 7 been be VBN 12299 1254 8 kept keep VBN 12299 1254 9 in in IN 12299 1254 10 mind mind NN 12299 1254 11 in in IN 12299 1254 12 many many JJ 12299 1254 13 of of IN 12299 1254 14 the the DT 12299 1254 15 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1254 16 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1254 17 Service Service NNP 12299 1254 18 timber timber NN 12299 1254 19 tests test NNS 12299 1254 20 and and CC 12299 1254 21 the the DT 12299 1254 22 following follow VBG 12299 1254 23 quotations quotation NNS 12299 1254 24 are be VBP 12299 1254 25 assembled assemble VBN 12299 1254 26 from from IN 12299 1254 27 various various JJ 12299 1254 28 reports report NNS 12299 1254 29 : : : 12299 1254 30 " " `` 12299 1254 31 In in IN 12299 1254 32 both both PDT 12299 1254 33 the the DT 12299 1254 34 Cuban cuban JJ 12299 1254 35 and and CC 12299 1254 36 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 1254 37 pine pine VBP 12299 1254 38 the the DT 12299 1254 39 locality locality NN 12299 1254 40 where where WRB 12299 1254 41 grown grow VBN 12299 1254 42 appears appear VBZ 12299 1254 43 to to TO 12299 1254 44 have have VB 12299 1254 45 but but CC 12299 1254 46 little little JJ 12299 1254 47 influence influence NN 12299 1254 48 on on IN 12299 1254 49 weight weight NN 12299 1254 50 or or CC 12299 1254 51 strength strength NN 12299 1254 52 , , , 12299 1254 53 and and CC 12299 1254 54 there there EX 12299 1254 55 is be VBZ 12299 1254 56 no no DT 12299 1254 57 reason reason NN 12299 1254 58 to to TO 12299 1254 59 believe believe VB 12299 1254 60 that that IN 12299 1254 61 the the DT 12299 1254 62 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 1254 63 pine pine NN 12299 1254 64 from from IN 12299 1254 65 one one CD 12299 1254 66 State state NN 12299 1254 67 is be VBZ 12299 1254 68 better well JJR 12299 1254 69 than than IN 12299 1254 70 that that DT 12299 1254 71 from from IN 12299 1254 72 any any DT 12299 1254 73 other other JJ 12299 1254 74 , , , 12299 1254 75 since since IN 12299 1254 76 such such JJ 12299 1254 77 variations variation NNS 12299 1254 78 as as IN 12299 1254 79 are be VBP 12299 1254 80 claimed claim VBN 12299 1254 81 can can MD 12299 1254 82 be be VB 12299 1254 83 found find VBN 12299 1254 84 on on IN 12299 1254 85 any any DT 12299 1254 86 40-acre 40-acre CD 12299 1254 87 lot lot NN 12299 1254 88 of of IN 12299 1254 89 timber timber NN 12299 1254 90 in in IN 12299 1254 91 any any DT 12299 1254 92 State State NNP 12299 1254 93 . . . 12299 1255 1 But but CC 12299 1255 2 with with IN 12299 1255 3 loblolly loblolly RB 12299 1255 4 and and CC 12299 1255 5 still still RB 12299 1255 6 more more RBR 12299 1255 7 with with IN 12299 1255 8 shortleaf shortleaf NN 12299 1255 9 this this DT 12299 1255 10 seems seem VBZ 12299 1255 11 not not RB 12299 1255 12 to to TO 12299 1255 13 be be VB 12299 1255 14 the the DT 12299 1255 15 case case NN 12299 1255 16 . . . 12299 1256 1 Being be VBG 12299 1256 2 widely widely RB 12299 1256 3 distributed distribute VBN 12299 1256 4 over over IN 12299 1256 5 many many JJ 12299 1256 6 localities locality NNS 12299 1256 7 different different JJ 12299 1256 8 in in IN 12299 1256 9 soil soil NN 12299 1256 10 and and CC 12299 1256 11 climate climate NN 12299 1256 12 , , , 12299 1256 13 the the DT 12299 1256 14 growth growth NN 12299 1256 15 of of IN 12299 1256 16 the the DT 12299 1256 17 shortleaf shortleaf NN 12299 1256 18 pine pine NN 12299 1256 19 seems seem VBZ 12299 1256 20 materially materially RB 12299 1256 21 influenced influence VBN 12299 1256 22 by by IN 12299 1256 23 location location NN 12299 1256 24 . . . 12299 1257 1 The the DT 12299 1257 2 wood wood NN 12299 1257 3 from from IN 12299 1257 4 the the DT 12299 1257 5 southern southern JJ 12299 1257 6 coast coast NNP 12299 1257 7 and and CC 12299 1257 8 gulf gulf NNP 12299 1257 9 region region NN 12299 1257 10 and and CC 12299 1257 11 even even RB 12299 1257 12 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 12299 1257 13 is be VBZ 12299 1257 14 generally generally RB 12299 1257 15 heavier heavy JJR 12299 1257 16 than than IN 12299 1257 17 the the DT 12299 1257 18 wood wood NN 12299 1257 19 from from IN 12299 1257 20 localities locality NNS 12299 1257 21 farther far RBR 12299 1257 22 north north RB 12299 1257 23 . . . 12299 1258 1 Very very RB 12299 1258 2 light light JJ 12299 1258 3 and and CC 12299 1258 4 fine fine RB 12299 1258 5 - - HYPH 12299 1258 6 grained grain VBN 12299 1258 7 wood wood NN 12299 1258 8 is be VBZ 12299 1258 9 seldom seldom RB 12299 1258 10 met meet VBN 12299 1258 11 near near IN 12299 1258 12 the the DT 12299 1258 13 southern southern JJ 12299 1258 14 limit limit NN 12299 1258 15 of of IN 12299 1258 16 the the DT 12299 1258 17 range range NN 12299 1258 18 , , , 12299 1258 19 while while IN 12299 1258 20 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1258 21 is be VBZ 12299 1258 22 almost almost RB 12299 1258 23 the the DT 12299 1258 24 rule rule NN 12299 1258 25 in in IN 12299 1258 26 Missouri Missouri NNP 12299 1258 27 , , , 12299 1258 28 where where WRB 12299 1258 29 forms form NNS 12299 1258 30 resembling resemble VBG 12299 1258 31 the the DT 12299 1258 32 Norway Norway NNP 12299 1258 33 pine pine NN 12299 1258 34 are be VBP 12299 1258 35 by by IN 12299 1258 36 no no DT 12299 1258 37 means means NN 12299 1258 38 rare rare JJ 12299 1258 39 . . . 12299 1259 1 The the DT 12299 1259 2 loblolly loblolly RB 12299 1259 3 , , , 12299 1259 4 occupying occupy VBG 12299 1259 5 both both CC 12299 1259 6 wet wet JJ 12299 1259 7 and and CC 12299 1259 8 dry dry JJ 12299 1259 9 soils soil NNS 12299 1259 10 , , , 12299 1259 11 varies vary VBZ 12299 1259 12 accordingly accordingly RB 12299 1259 13 . . . 12299 1259 14 " " '' 12299 1260 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1260 2 . . . 12299 1261 1 No no UH 12299 1261 2 . . . 12299 1262 1 12 12 CD 12299 1262 2 , , , 12299 1262 3 p. p. NN 12299 1262 4 6 6 CD 12299 1262 5 . . . 12299 1262 6 " " '' 12299 1263 1 ... ... NFP 12299 1264 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1264 2 is be VBZ 12299 1264 3 clear clear JJ 12299 1264 4 that that IN 12299 1264 5 as as IN 12299 1264 6 all all DT 12299 1264 7 localities locality NNS 12299 1264 8 have have VBP 12299 1264 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1264 10 heavy heavy JJ 12299 1264 11 and and CC 12299 1264 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1264 13 light light JJ 12299 1264 14 timber timber NN 12299 1264 15 , , , 12299 1264 16 so so IN 12299 1264 17 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1264 18 all all DT 12299 1264 19 share share VBP 12299 1264 20 in in IN 12299 1264 21 strong strong JJ 12299 1264 22 and and CC 12299 1264 23 weak weak JJ 12299 1264 24 , , , 12299 1264 25 hard hard JJ 12299 1264 26 and and CC 12299 1264 27 soft soft JJ 12299 1264 28 material material NN 12299 1264 29 , , , 12299 1264 30 and and CC 12299 1264 31 the the DT 12299 1264 32 difference difference NN 12299 1264 33 in in IN 12299 1264 34 quality quality NN 12299 1264 35 of of IN 12299 1264 36 material material NN 12299 1264 37 is be VBZ 12299 1264 38 evidently evidently RB 12299 1264 39 far far RB 12299 1264 40 more more RBR 12299 1264 41 a a DT 12299 1264 42 matter matter NN 12299 1264 43 of of IN 12299 1264 44 individual individual JJ 12299 1264 45 variation variation NN 12299 1264 46 than than IN 12299 1264 47 of of IN 12299 1264 48 soil soil NN 12299 1264 49 or or CC 12299 1264 50 climate climate NN 12299 1264 51 . . . 12299 1264 52 " " '' 12299 1265 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1265 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 1265 3 . . . 12299 1265 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1265 5 , , , 12299 1265 6 p.22 p.22 FW 12299 1265 7 " " `` 12299 1265 8 A a DT 12299 1265 9 representative representative JJ 12299 1265 10 committee committee NN 12299 1265 11 of of IN 12299 1265 12 the the DT 12299 1265 13 Carriage Carriage NNP 12299 1265 14 Builders Builders NNPS 12299 1265 15 ' ' POS 12299 1265 16 Association Association NNP 12299 1265 17 had have VBD 12299 1265 18 publicly publicly RB 12299 1265 19 declared declare VBN 12299 1265 20 that that IN 12299 1265 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1266 6 be be VB 12299 1266 7 little little RB 12299 1266 8 better well JJR 12299 1266 9 than than IN 12299 1266 10 a a DT 12299 1266 11 guess guess NN 12299 1266 12 , , , 12299 1266 13 and and CC 12299 1266 14 was be VBD 12299 1266 15 doubly doubly RB 12299 1266 16 unwarranted unwarranted JJ 12299 1266 17 , , , 12299 1266 18 since since IN 12299 1266 19 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1266 20 condemned condemn VBD 12299 1266 21 an an DT 12299 1266 22 enormous enormous JJ 12299 1266 23 amount amount NN 12299 1266 24 of of IN 12299 1266 25 material material NN 12299 1266 26 , , , 12299 1266 27 and and CC 12299 1266 28 one one NN 12299 1266 29 produced produce VBN 12299 1266 30 under under IN 12299 1266 31 a a DT 12299 1266 32 great great JJ 12299 1266 33 variety variety NN 12299 1266 34 of of IN 12299 1266 35 conditions condition NNS 12299 1266 36 and and CC 12299 1266 37 by by IN 12299 1266 38 at at RB 12299 1266 39 least least JJS 12299 1266 40 a a DT 12299 1266 41 dozen dozen NN 12299 1266 42 species specie NNS 12299 1266 43 of of IN 12299 1266 44 trees tree NNS 12299 1266 45 , , , 12299 1266 46 involving involve VBG 12299 1266 47 , , , 12299 1266 48 therefore therefore RB 12299 1266 49 , , , 12299 1266 50 a a DT 12299 1266 51 complexity complexity NN 12299 1266 52 of of IN 12299 1266 53 problems problem NNS 12299 1266 54 difficult difficult JJ 12299 1266 55 enough enough RB 12299 1266 56 for for IN 12299 1266 57 the the DT 12299 1266 58 careful careful JJ 12299 1266 59 investigator investigator NN 12299 1266 60 , , , 12299 1266 61 and and CC 12299 1266 62 entirely entirely RB 12299 1266 63 beyond beyond IN 12299 1266 64 the the DT 12299 1266 65 few few JJ 12299 1266 66 unsystematic unsystematic JJ 12299 1266 67 observations observation NNS 12299 1266 68 of of IN 12299 1266 69 the the DT 12299 1266 70 members member NNS 12299 1266 71 of of IN 12299 1266 72 a a DT 12299 1266 73 committee committee NN 12299 1266 74 on on IN 12299 1266 75 a a DT 12299 1266 76 flying fly VBG 12299 1266 77 trip trip NN 12299 1266 78 through through IN 12299 1266 79 one one CD 12299 1266 80 of of IN 12299 1266 81 the the DT 12299 1266 82 greatest great JJS 12299 1266 83 timber timber NN 12299 1266 84 regions region NNS 12299 1266 85 of of IN 12299 1266 86 the the DT 12299 1266 87 world world NN 12299 1266 88 . . . 12299 1267 1 " " `` 12299 1267 2 A a DT 12299 1267 3 number number NN 12299 1267 4 of of IN 12299 1267 5 samples sample NNS 12299 1267 6 were be VBD 12299 1267 7 at at IN 12299 1267 8 once once RB 12299 1267 9 collected collect VBN 12299 1267 10 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1267 11 part part NN 12299 1267 12 of of IN 12299 1267 13 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1267 14 supplied supply VBN 12299 1267 15 by by IN 12299 1267 16 the the DT 12299 1267 17 carriage carriage NN 12299 1267 18 builders builder NNS 12299 1267 19 ' ' POS 12299 1267 20 committee committee NN 12299 1267 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1267 22 , , , 12299 1267 23 and and CC 12299 1267 24 the the DT 12299 1267 25 fallacy fallacy NN 12299 1267 26 of of IN 12299 1267 27 the the DT 12299 1267 28 broad broad JJ 12299 1267 29 statement statement NN 12299 1267 30 mentioned mention VBN 12299 1267 31 was be VBD 12299 1267 32 fully fully RB 12299 1267 33 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 12299 1267 34 by by IN 12299 1267 35 a a DT 12299 1267 36 short short JJ 12299 1267 37 series series NN 12299 1267 38 of of IN 12299 1267 39 tests test NNS 12299 1267 40 and and CC 12299 1267 41 a a DT 12299 1267 42 more more RBR 12299 1267 43 extensive extensive JJ 12299 1267 44 study study NN 12299 1267 45 into into IN 12299 1267 46 structure structure NN 12299 1267 47 and and CC 12299 1267 48 weight weight NN 12299 1267 49 of of IN 12299 1267 50 these these DT 12299 1267 51 materials material NNS 12299 1267 52 . . . 12299 1268 1 From from IN 12299 1268 2 these these DT 12299 1268 3 tests test NNS 12299 1268 4 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1268 5 appears appear VBZ 12299 1268 6 that that IN 12299 1268 7 pieces piece NNS 12299 1268 8 of of IN 12299 1268 9 white white JJ 12299 1268 10 oak oak NN 12299 1268 11 from from IN 12299 1268 12 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 12299 1268 13 excelled excel VBD 12299 1268 14 well well RB 12299 1268 15 - - HYPH 12299 1268 16 selected select VBN 12299 1268 17 pieces piece NNS 12299 1268 18 from from IN 12299 1268 19 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 12299 1268 20 , , , 12299 1268 21 both both CC 12299 1268 22 in in IN 12299 1268 23 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 1268 24 and and CC 12299 1268 25 endwise endwise NN 12299 1268 26 compression compression NN 12299 1268 27 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1268 28 the the DT 12299 1268 29 two two CD 12299 1268 30 most most RBS 12299 1268 31 important important JJ 12299 1268 32 forms form NNS 12299 1268 33 of of IN 12299 1268 34 resistance resistance NN 12299 1268 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1268 36 . . . 12299 1268 37 " " '' 12299 1269 1 Report report VB 12299 1269 2 upon upon IN 12299 1269 3 the the DT 12299 1269 4 forestry forestry NN 12299 1269 5 investigations investigation NNS 12299 1269 6 of of IN 12299 1269 7 the the DT 12299 1269 8 U.S.D.A. U.S.D.A. NNP 12299 1270 1 1877 1877 CD 12299 1270 2 - - SYM 12299 1270 3 1898 1898 CD 12299 1270 4 , , , 12299 1270 5 p. p. NN 12299 1270 6 331 331 CD 12299 1270 7 . . . 12299 1271 1 See see VB 12299 1271 2 also also RB 12299 1271 3 Rep. Rep. NNP 12299 1271 4 of of IN 12299 1271 5 Div Div NNP 12299 1271 6 . . . 12299 1272 1 of of IN 12299 1272 2 For for IN 12299 1272 3 . . . 12299 1272 4 , , , 12299 1272 5 1890 1890 CD 12299 1272 6 , , , 12299 1272 7 p. p. NN 12299 1272 8 209 209 CD 12299 1272 9 . . . 12299 1273 1 " " `` 12299 1273 2 In in IN 12299 1273 3 some some DT 12299 1273 4 regions region NNS 12299 1273 5 there there EX 12299 1273 6 are be VBP 12299 1273 7 many many JJ 12299 1273 8 small small JJ 12299 1273 9 , , , 12299 1273 10 stunted stunted JJ 12299 1273 11 hickories hickory NNS 12299 1273 12 , , , 12299 1273 13 which which WDT 12299 1273 14 most most JJS 12299 1273 15 users user NNS 12299 1273 16 will will MD 12299 1273 17 not not RB 12299 1273 18 touch touch VB 12299 1273 19 . . . 12299 1274 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1274 2 have have VBP 12299 1274 3 narrow narrow JJ 12299 1274 4 sap sap NN 12299 1274 5 , , , 12299 1274 6 are be VBP 12299 1274 7 likely likely JJ 12299 1274 8 to to TO 12299 1274 9 be be VB 12299 1274 10 birdpecked birdpecke VBN 12299 1274 11 , , , 12299 1274 12 and and CC 12299 1274 13 show show VB 12299 1274 14 very very RB 12299 1274 15 slow slow JJ 12299 1274 16 growth growth NN 12299 1274 17 . . . 12299 1275 1 Yet yet RB 12299 1275 2 five five CD 12299 1275 3 of of IN 12299 1275 4 these these DT 12299 1275 5 trees tree NNS 12299 1275 6 from from IN 12299 1275 7 a a DT 12299 1275 8 steep steep JJ 12299 1275 9 , , , 12299 1275 10 dry dry JJ 12299 1275 11 south south JJ 12299 1275 12 slope slope NN 12299 1275 13 in in IN 12299 1275 14 West West NNP 12299 1275 15 Virginia Virginia NNP 12299 1275 16 had have VBD 12299 1275 17 an an DT 12299 1275 18 average average JJ 12299 1275 19 strength strength NN 12299 1275 20 fully fully RB 12299 1275 21 equal equal JJ 12299 1275 22 to to IN 12299 1275 23 that that DT 12299 1275 24 of of IN 12299 1275 25 the the DT 12299 1275 26 pignut pignut NN 12299 1275 27 from from IN 12299 1275 28 the the DT 12299 1275 29 better well JJR 12299 1275 30 situation situation NN 12299 1275 31 , , , 12299 1275 32 and and CC 12299 1275 33 were be VBD 12299 1275 34 superior superior JJ 12299 1275 35 in in IN 12299 1275 36 toughness toughness NNP 12299 1275 37 , , , 12299 1275 38 the the DT 12299 1275 39 work work NN 12299 1275 40 to to IN 12299 1275 41 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1275 42 load load NN 12299 1275 43 being be VBG 12299 1275 44 36.8 36.8 CD 12299 1275 45 as as IN 12299 1275 46 against against IN 12299 1275 47 31.2 31.2 CD 12299 1275 48 for for IN 12299 1275 49 pignut pignut NNP 12299 1275 50 . . . 12299 1276 1 The the DT 12299 1276 2 trees tree NNS 12299 1276 3 had have VBD 12299 1276 4 about about RB 12299 1276 5 twice twice PDT 12299 1276 6 as as RB 12299 1276 7 many many JJ 12299 1276 8 rings ring NNS 12299 1276 9 per per IN 12299 1276 10 inch inch NN 12299 1276 11 as as IN 12299 1276 12 others other NNS 12299 1276 13 from from IN 12299 1276 14 better well JJR 12299 1276 15 situations situation NNS 12299 1276 16 . . . 12299 1277 1 " " `` 12299 1277 2 This this DT 12299 1277 3 , , , 12299 1277 4 however however RB 12299 1277 5 , , , 12299 1277 6 is be VBZ 12299 1277 7 not not RB 12299 1277 8 very very RB 12299 1277 9 significant significant JJ 12299 1277 10 , , , 12299 1277 11 as as IN 12299 1277 12 trees tree NNS 12299 1277 13 of of IN 12299 1277 14 the the DT 12299 1277 15 same same JJ 12299 1277 16 species specie NNS 12299 1277 17 , , , 12299 1277 18 age age NN 12299 1277 19 , , , 12299 1277 20 and and CC 12299 1277 21 size size NN 12299 1277 22 , , , 12299 1277 23 growing grow VBG 12299 1277 24 side side NN 12299 1277 25 by by IN 12299 1277 26 side side NN 12299 1277 27 under under IN 12299 1277 28 the the DT 12299 1277 29 same same JJ 12299 1277 30 conditions condition NNS 12299 1277 31 of of IN 12299 1277 32 soil soil NN 12299 1277 33 and and CC 12299 1277 34 situation situation NN 12299 1277 35 , , , 12299 1277 36 show show VBP 12299 1277 37 great great JJ 12299 1277 38 variation variation NN 12299 1277 39 in in IN 12299 1277 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1277 41 technical technical JJ 12299 1277 42 value value NN 12299 1277 43 . . . 12299 1278 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1278 2 is be VBZ 12299 1278 3 hard hard JJ 12299 1278 4 to to TO 12299 1278 5 account account VB 12299 1278 6 for for IN 12299 1278 7 this this DT 12299 1278 8 difference difference NN 12299 1278 9 , , , 12299 1278 10 but but CC 12299 1278 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1278 12 seems seem VBZ 12299 1278 13 that that IN 12299 1278 14 trees tree NNS 12299 1278 15 growing grow VBG 12299 1278 16 in in IN 12299 1278 17 wet wet JJ 12299 1278 18 or or CC 12299 1278 19 moist moist JJ 12299 1278 20 situations situation NNS 12299 1278 21 are be VBP 12299 1278 22 rather rather RB 12299 1278 23 inferior inferior JJ 12299 1278 24 to to IN 12299 1278 25 those those DT 12299 1278 26 growing grow VBG 12299 1278 27 on on IN 12299 1278 28 fresher fresh JJR 12299 1278 29 soil soil NN 12299 1278 30 ; ; : 12299 1278 31 also also RB 12299 1278 32 , , , 12299 1278 33 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1278 34 is be VBZ 12299 1278 35 claimed claim VBN 12299 1278 36 by by IN 12299 1278 37 many many JJ 12299 1278 38 hickory hickory JJ 12299 1278 39 users user NNS 12299 1278 40 that that IN 12299 1278 41 the the DT 12299 1278 42 wood wood NN 12299 1278 43 from from IN 12299 1278 44 limestone limestone NN 12299 1278 45 soils soil NNS 12299 1278 46 is be VBZ 12299 1278 47 superior superior JJ 12299 1278 48 to to IN 12299 1278 49 that that DT 12299 1278 50 from from IN 12299 1278 51 sandy sandy JJ 12299 1278 52 soils soil NNS 12299 1278 53 . . . 12299 1279 1 " " `` 12299 1279 2 One one CD 12299 1279 3 of of IN 12299 1279 4 the the DT 12299 1279 5 moot moot JJ 12299 1279 6 questions question NNS 12299 1279 7 among among IN 12299 1279 8 hickory hickory NN 12299 1279 9 men man NNS 12299 1279 10 is be VBZ 12299 1279 11 the the DT 12299 1279 12 relative relative JJ 12299 1279 13 value value NN 12299 1279 14 of of IN 12299 1279 15 northern northern JJ 12299 1279 16 and and CC 12299 1279 17 southern southern JJ 12299 1279 18 hickory hickory NN 12299 1279 19 . . . 12299 1280 1 The the DT 12299 1280 2 impression impression NN 12299 1280 3 prevails prevail VBZ 12299 1280 4 that that IN 12299 1280 5 southern southern JJ 12299 1280 6 hickory hickory NN 12299 1280 7 is be VBZ 12299 1280 8 more more RBR 12299 1280 9 porous porous JJ 12299 1280 10 and and CC 12299 1280 11 brash brash JJ 12299 1280 12 than than IN 12299 1280 13 hickory hickory NN 12299 1280 14 from from IN 12299 1280 15 the the DT 12299 1280 16 north north NN 12299 1280 17 . . . 12299 1281 1 The the DT 12299 1281 2 tests test NNS 12299 1281 3 ... ... NFP 12299 1281 4 indicate indicate VBP 12299 1281 5 that that IN 12299 1281 6 southern southern JJ 12299 1281 7 hickory hickory NN 12299 1281 8 is be VBZ 12299 1281 9 as as RB 12299 1281 10 tough tough JJ 12299 1281 11 and and CC 12299 1281 12 strong strong JJ 12299 1281 13 as as IN 12299 1281 14 northern northern JJ 12299 1281 15 hickory hickory NN 12299 1281 16 of of IN 12299 1281 17 the the DT 12299 1281 18 same same JJ 12299 1281 19 age age NN 12299 1281 20 . . . 12299 1282 1 But but CC 12299 1282 2 the the DT 12299 1282 3 southern southern JJ 12299 1282 4 hickories hickory NNS 12299 1282 5 have have VBP 12299 1282 6 a a DT 12299 1282 7 greater great JJR 12299 1282 8 tendency tendency NN 12299 1282 9 to to TO 12299 1282 10 be be VB 12299 1282 11 shaky shaky JJ 12299 1282 12 , , , 12299 1282 13 and and CC 12299 1282 14 this this DT 12299 1282 15 results result VBZ 12299 1282 16 in in IN 12299 1282 17 much much JJ 12299 1282 18 waste waste NN 12299 1282 19 . . . 12299 1283 1 In in IN 12299 1283 2 trees tree NNS 12299 1283 3 from from IN 12299 1283 4 southern southern JJ 12299 1283 5 river river NN 12299 1283 6 bottoms bottom NNS 12299 1283 7 the the DT 12299 1283 8 loss loss NN 12299 1283 9 through through IN 12299 1283 10 shakes shake NNS 12299 1283 11 and and CC 12299 1283 12 grub grub NN 12299 1283 13 - - HYPH 12299 1283 14 holes hole NNS 12299 1283 15 in in IN 12299 1283 16 many many JJ 12299 1283 17 cases case NNS 12299 1283 18 amounts amount VBZ 12299 1283 19 to to IN 12299 1283 20 as as RB 12299 1283 21 much much JJ 12299 1283 22 as as IN 12299 1283 23 50 50 CD 12299 1283 24 per per NN 12299 1283 25 cent cent NN 12299 1283 26 . . . 12299 1284 1 " " `` 12299 1284 2 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1284 3 is be VBZ 12299 1284 4 clear clear JJ 12299 1284 5 , , , 12299 1284 6 therefore therefore RB 12299 1284 7 , , , 12299 1284 8 that that IN 12299 1284 9 the the DT 12299 1284 10 difference difference NN 12299 1284 11 in in IN 12299 1284 12 northern northern JJ 12299 1284 13 and and CC 12299 1284 14 southern southern JJ 12299 1284 15 hickory hickory NN 12299 1284 16 is be VBZ 12299 1284 17 not not RB 12299 1284 18 due due JJ 12299 1284 19 to to IN 12299 1284 20 geographic geographic JJ 12299 1284 21 location location NN 12299 1284 22 , , , 12299 1284 23 but but CC 12299 1284 24 rather rather RB 12299 1284 25 to to IN 12299 1284 26 the the DT 12299 1284 27 character character NN 12299 1284 28 of of IN 12299 1284 29 timber timber NN 12299 1284 30 that that WDT 12299 1284 31 is be VBZ 12299 1284 32 being be VBG 12299 1284 33 cut cut VBN 12299 1284 34 . . . 12299 1285 1 Nearly nearly RB 12299 1285 2 all all DT 12299 1285 3 of of IN 12299 1285 4 that that DT 12299 1285 5 from from IN 12299 1285 6 southern southern JJ 12299 1285 7 river river NN 12299 1285 8 bottoms bottom NNS 12299 1285 9 and and CC 12299 1285 10 from from IN 12299 1285 11 the the DT 12299 1285 12 Cumberland Cumberland NNP 12299 1285 13 Mountains Mountains NNPS 12299 1285 14 is be VBZ 12299 1285 15 from from IN 12299 1285 16 large large JJ 12299 1285 17 , , , 12299 1285 18 old old JJ 12299 1285 19 - - HYPH 12299 1285 20 growth growth NN 12299 1285 21 trees tree NNS 12299 1285 22 ; ; : 12299 1285 23 that that IN 12299 1285 24 from from IN 12299 1285 25 the the DT 12299 1285 26 north north NN 12299 1285 27 is be VBZ 12299 1285 28 from from IN 12299 1285 29 younger young JJR 12299 1285 30 trees tree NNS 12299 1285 31 which which WDT 12299 1285 32 are be VBP 12299 1285 33 grown grow VBN 12299 1285 34 under under IN 12299 1285 35 more more JJR 12299 1285 36 favorable favorable JJ 12299 1285 37 conditions condition NNS 12299 1285 38 , , , 12299 1285 39 and and CC 12299 1285 40 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1285 41 is be VBZ 12299 1285 42 due due JJ 12299 1285 43 simply simply RB 12299 1285 44 to to IN 12299 1285 45 the the DT 12299 1285 46 greater great JJR 12299 1285 47 age age NN 12299 1285 48 of of IN 12299 1285 49 the the DT 12299 1285 50 southern southern JJ 12299 1285 51 trees tree NNS 12299 1285 52 that that WDT 12299 1285 53 hickory hickory VBP 12299 1285 54 from from IN 12299 1285 55 that that DT 12299 1285 56 region region NN 12299 1285 57 is be VBZ 12299 1285 58 lighter light JJR 12299 1285 59 and and CC 12299 1285 60 more more JJR 12299 1285 61 brash brash JJ 12299 1285 62 than than IN 12299 1285 63 that that DT 12299 1285 64 from from IN 12299 1285 65 the the DT 12299 1285 66 north north NN 12299 1285 67 . . . 12299 1285 68 " " '' 12299 1286 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1286 2 . . . 12299 1287 1 80 80 CD 12299 1287 2 , , , 12299 1287 3 pp pp NNP 12299 1287 4 . . . 12299 1288 1 52 52 CD 12299 1288 2 - - SYM 12299 1288 3 55 55 CD 12299 1288 4 . . . 12299 1289 1 SEASON SEASON NNS 12299 1289 2 OF of IN 12299 1289 3 CUTTING cutting NN 12299 1289 4 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1289 5 is be VBZ 12299 1289 6 generally generally RB 12299 1289 7 believed believe VBN 12299 1289 8 that that IN 12299 1289 9 winter winter NN 12299 1289 10 - - HYPH 12299 1289 11 felled fell VBN 12299 1289 12 timber timber NN 12299 1289 13 has have VBZ 12299 1289 14 decided decide VBN 12299 1289 15 advantages advantage NNS 12299 1289 16 over over IN 12299 1289 17 that that DT 12299 1289 18 cut cut NN 12299 1289 19 at at IN 12299 1289 20 other other JJ 12299 1289 21 seasons season NNS 12299 1289 22 of of IN 12299 1289 23 the the DT 12299 1289 24 year year NN 12299 1289 25 , , , 12299 1289 26 and and CC 12299 1289 27 to to IN 12299 1289 28 that that DT 12299 1289 29 cause cause NN 12299 1289 30 alone alone RB 12299 1289 31 are be VBP 12299 1289 32 frequently frequently RB 12299 1289 33 ascribed ascribe VBN 12299 1289 34 much much RB 12299 1289 35 greater great JJR 12299 1289 36 durability durability NN 12299 1289 37 , , , 12299 1289 38 less less JJR 12299 1289 39 liability liability NN 12299 1289 40 to to TO 12299 1289 41 check check VB 12299 1289 42 and and CC 12299 1289 43 split split VB 12299 1289 44 , , , 12299 1289 45 better well JJR 12299 1289 46 color color NN 12299 1289 47 , , , 12299 1289 48 and and CC 12299 1289 49 even even RB 12299 1289 50 increased increase VBN 12299 1289 51 strength strength NN 12299 1289 52 and and CC 12299 1289 53 toughness toughness NN 12299 1289 54 . . . 12299 1290 1 The the DT 12299 1290 2 conclusion conclusion NN 12299 1290 3 from from IN 12299 1290 4 the the DT 12299 1290 5 various various JJ 12299 1290 6 experiments experiment NNS 12299 1290 7 made make VBN 12299 1290 8 on on IN 12299 1290 9 the the DT 12299 1290 10 subject subject NN 12299 1290 11 is be VBZ 12299 1290 12 that that IN 12299 1290 13 while while IN 12299 1290 14 the the DT 12299 1290 15 time time NN 12299 1290 16 of of IN 12299 1290 17 felling felling NN 12299 1290 18 may may MD 12299 1290 19 , , , 12299 1290 20 and and CC 12299 1290 21 often often RB 12299 1290 22 does do VBZ 12299 1290 23 , , , 12299 1290 24 affect affect VB 12299 1290 25 the the DT 12299 1290 26 properties property NNS 12299 1290 27 of of IN 12299 1290 28 wood wood NN 12299 1290 29 , , , 12299 1290 30 such such JJ 12299 1290 31 result result NN 12299 1290 32 is be VBZ 12299 1290 33 due due JJ 12299 1290 34 to to IN 12299 1290 35 the the DT 12299 1290 36 weather weather NN 12299 1290 37 conditions condition NNS 12299 1290 38 rather rather RB 12299 1290 39 than than IN 12299 1290 40 to to IN 12299 1290 41 the the DT 12299 1290 42 condition condition NN 12299 1290 43 of of IN 12299 1290 44 the the DT 12299 1290 45 wood wood NN 12299 1290 46 . . . 12299 1291 1 There there EX 12299 1291 2 are be VBP 12299 1291 3 two two CD 12299 1291 4 phases phase NNS 12299 1291 5 of of IN 12299 1291 6 this this DT 12299 1291 7 question question NN 12299 1291 8 . . . 12299 1292 1 One one CD 12299 1292 2 is be VBZ 12299 1292 3 concerned concern VBN 12299 1292 4 with with IN 12299 1292 5 the the DT 12299 1292 6 physiological physiological JJ 12299 1292 7 changes change NNS 12299 1292 8 which which WDT 12299 1292 9 might may MD 12299 1292 10 take take VB 12299 1292 11 place place NN 12299 1292 12 during during IN 12299 1292 13 the the DT 12299 1292 14 year year NN 12299 1292 15 in in IN 12299 1292 16 the the DT 12299 1292 17 wood wood NN 12299 1292 18 of of IN 12299 1292 19 a a DT 12299 1292 20 living living NN 12299 1292 21 tree tree NN 12299 1292 22 . . . 12299 1293 1 The the DT 12299 1293 2 other other JJ 12299 1293 3 deals deal NNS 12299 1293 4 with with IN 12299 1293 5 the the DT 12299 1293 6 purely purely RB 12299 1293 7 physical physical JJ 12299 1293 8 results result NNS 12299 1293 9 due due IN 12299 1293 10 to to IN 12299 1293 11 the the DT 12299 1293 12 weather weather NN 12299 1293 13 , , , 12299 1293 14 as as IN 12299 1293 15 differences difference NNS 12299 1293 16 in in IN 12299 1293 17 temperature temperature NN 12299 1293 18 , , , 12299 1293 19 humidity humidity NN 12299 1293 20 , , , 12299 1293 21 moisture moisture NN 12299 1293 22 , , , 12299 1293 23 and and CC 12299 1293 24 other other JJ 12299 1293 25 features feature NNS 12299 1293 26 to to TO 12299 1293 27 be be VB 12299 1293 28 mentioned mention VBN 12299 1293 29 later later RB 12299 1293 30 . . . 12299 1294 1 Those those DT 12299 1294 2 who who WP 12299 1294 3 adhere adhere VBP 12299 1294 4 to to IN 12299 1294 5 the the DT 12299 1294 6 first first JJ 12299 1294 7 view view NN 12299 1294 8 maintain maintain VB 12299 1294 9 that that IN 12299 1294 10 wood wood NN 12299 1294 11 cut cut VBN 12299 1294 12 in in IN 12299 1294 13 summer summer NN 12299 1294 14 is be VBZ 12299 1294 15 quite quite RB 12299 1294 16 different different JJ 12299 1294 17 in in IN 12299 1294 18 composition composition NN 12299 1294 19 from from IN 12299 1294 20 that that DT 12299 1294 21 cut cut NN 12299 1294 22 in in IN 12299 1294 23 winter winter NN 12299 1294 24 . . . 12299 1295 1 One one CD 12299 1295 2 opinion opinion NN 12299 1295 3 is be VBZ 12299 1295 4 that that IN 12299 1295 5 in in IN 12299 1295 6 summer summer NN 12299 1295 7 the the DT 12299 1295 8 " " `` 12299 1295 9 sap sap NN 12299 1295 10 is be VBZ 12299 1295 11 up up RB 12299 1295 12 , , , 12299 1295 13 " " '' 12299 1295 14 while while IN 12299 1295 15 in in IN 12299 1295 16 winter winter NN 12299 1295 17 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1295 18 is be VBZ 12299 1295 19 " " `` 12299 1295 20 down down RB 12299 1295 21 , , , 12299 1295 22 " " '' 12299 1295 23 consequently consequently RB 12299 1295 24 winter winter NN 12299 1295 25 - - HYPH 12299 1295 26 felled fell VBN 12299 1295 27 timber timber NN 12299 1295 28 is be VBZ 12299 1295 29 drier dry JJR 12299 1295 30 . . . 12299 1296 1 A a DT 12299 1296 2 variation variation NN 12299 1296 3 of of IN 12299 1296 4 this this DT 12299 1296 5 belief belief NN 12299 1296 6 is be VBZ 12299 1296 7 that that IN 12299 1296 8 in in IN 12299 1296 9 summer summer NN 12299 1296 10 the the DT 12299 1296 11 sap sap NN 12299 1296 12 contains contain VBZ 12299 1296 13 certain certain JJ 12299 1296 14 chemicals chemical NNS 12299 1296 15 which which WDT 12299 1296 16 affect affect VBP 12299 1296 17 the the DT 12299 1296 18 properties property NNS 12299 1296 19 of of IN 12299 1296 20 wood wood NN 12299 1296 21 and and CC 12299 1296 22 does do VBZ 12299 1296 23 not not RB 12299 1296 24 contain contain VB 12299 1296 25 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1296 26 in in IN 12299 1296 27 winter winter NN 12299 1296 28 . . . 12299 1297 1 Again again RB 12299 1297 2 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1297 3 is be VBZ 12299 1297 4 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1297 5 asserted assert VBN 12299 1297 6 that that IN 12299 1297 7 wood wood NN 12299 1297 8 is be VBZ 12299 1297 9 actually actually RB 12299 1297 10 denser denser NN 12299 1297 11 in in IN 12299 1297 12 winter winter NN 12299 1297 13 than than IN 12299 1297 14 in in IN 12299 1297 15 summer summer NN 12299 1297 16 , , , 12299 1297 17 as as IN 12299 1297 18 part part NN 12299 1297 19 of of IN 12299 1297 20 the the DT 12299 1297 21 wood wood NN 12299 1297 22 substance substance NN 12299 1297 23 is be VBZ 12299 1297 24 dissolved dissolve VBN 12299 1297 25 out out RP 12299 1297 26 in in IN 12299 1297 27 the the DT 12299 1297 28 spring spring NN 12299 1297 29 and and CC 12299 1297 30 used use VBN 12299 1297 31 for for IN 12299 1297 32 plant plant NN 12299 1297 33 food food NN 12299 1297 34 , , , 12299 1297 35 being be VBG 12299 1297 36 restored restore VBN 12299 1297 37 in in IN 12299 1297 38 the the DT 12299 1297 39 fall fall NN 12299 1297 40 . . . 12299 1298 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1298 2 is be VBZ 12299 1298 3 obvious obvious JJ 12299 1298 4 that that IN 12299 1298 5 such such JJ 12299 1298 6 views view NNS 12299 1298 7 could could MD 12299 1298 8 apply apply VB 12299 1298 9 only only RB 12299 1298 10 to to IN 12299 1298 11 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 1298 12 , , , 12299 1298 13 since since IN 12299 1298 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1298 15 alone alone RB 12299 1298 16 is be VBZ 12299 1298 17 in in IN 12299 1298 18 living live VBG 12299 1298 19 condition condition NN 12299 1298 20 at at IN 12299 1298 21 the the DT 12299 1298 22 time time NN 12299 1298 23 of of IN 12299 1298 24 cutting cutting NN 12299 1298 25 . . . 12299 1299 1 Heartwood Heartwood NNP 12299 1299 2 is be VBZ 12299 1299 3 dead dead JJ 12299 1299 4 wood wood NN 12299 1299 5 and and CC 12299 1299 6 has have VBZ 12299 1299 7 almost almost RB 12299 1299 8 no no DT 12299 1299 9 function function NN 12299 1299 10 in in IN 12299 1299 11 the the DT 12299 1299 12 existence existence NN 12299 1299 13 of of IN 12299 1299 14 the the DT 12299 1299 15 tree tree NN 12299 1299 16 other other JJ 12299 1299 17 than than IN 12299 1299 18 the the DT 12299 1299 19 purely purely RB 12299 1299 20 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1299 21 one one CD 12299 1299 22 of of IN 12299 1299 23 support support NN 12299 1299 24 . . . 12299 1300 1 Heartwood Heartwood NNP 12299 1300 2 does do VBZ 12299 1300 3 undergo undergo VB 12299 1300 4 changes change NNS 12299 1300 5 , , , 12299 1300 6 but but CC 12299 1300 7 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1300 8 are be VBP 12299 1300 9 gradual gradual JJ 12299 1300 10 and and CC 12299 1300 11 almost almost RB 12299 1300 12 entirely entirely RB 12299 1300 13 independent independent JJ 12299 1300 14 of of IN 12299 1300 15 the the DT 12299 1300 16 seasons season NNS 12299 1300 17 . . . 12299 1301 1 Sapwood Sapwood NNP 12299 1301 2 might may MD 12299 1301 3 reasonably reasonably RB 12299 1301 4 be be VB 12299 1301 5 expected expect VBN 12299 1301 6 to to TO 12299 1301 7 respond respond VB 12299 1301 8 to to IN 12299 1301 9 seasonal seasonal JJ 12299 1301 10 changes change NNS 12299 1301 11 , , , 12299 1301 12 and and CC 12299 1301 13 to to IN 12299 1301 14 some some DT 12299 1301 15 extent extent NN 12299 1301 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1301 17 does do VBZ 12299 1301 18 . . . 12299 1302 1 Just just RB 12299 1302 2 beneath beneath IN 12299 1302 3 the the DT 12299 1302 4 bark bark NN 12299 1302 5 there there EX 12299 1302 6 is be VBZ 12299 1302 7 a a DT 12299 1302 8 thin thin JJ 12299 1302 9 layer layer NN 12299 1302 10 of of IN 12299 1302 11 cells cell NNS 12299 1302 12 which which WDT 12299 1302 13 during during IN 12299 1302 14 the the DT 12299 1302 15 growing grow VBG 12299 1302 16 season season NN 12299 1302 17 have have VBP 12299 1302 18 not not RB 12299 1302 19 attained attain VBN 12299 1302 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1302 21 greatest great JJS 12299 1302 22 density density NN 12299 1302 23 . . . 12299 1303 1 With with IN 12299 1303 2 the the DT 12299 1303 3 exception exception NN 12299 1303 4 of of IN 12299 1303 5 this this DT 12299 1303 6 one one CD 12299 1303 7 annual annual JJ 12299 1303 8 ring ring NN 12299 1303 9 , , , 12299 1303 10 or or CC 12299 1303 11 portion portion NN 12299 1303 12 of of IN 12299 1303 13 one one CD 12299 1303 14 , , , 12299 1303 15 the the DT 12299 1303 16 density density NN 12299 1303 17 of of IN 12299 1303 18 the the DT 12299 1303 19 wood wood NN 12299 1303 20 substance substance NN 12299 1303 21 of of IN 12299 1303 22 the the DT 12299 1303 23 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 1303 24 is be VBZ 12299 1303 25 nearly nearly RB 12299 1303 26 the the DT 12299 1303 27 same same JJ 12299 1303 28 the the DT 12299 1303 29 year year NN 12299 1303 30 round round NN 12299 1303 31 . . . 12299 1304 1 Slight slight JJ 12299 1304 2 variations variation NNS 12299 1304 3 may may MD 12299 1304 4 occur occur VB 12299 1304 5 due due IN 12299 1304 6 to to IN 12299 1304 7 impregnation impregnation NN 12299 1304 8 with with IN 12299 1304 9 sugar sugar NN 12299 1304 10 and and CC 12299 1304 11 starch starch NN 12299 1304 12 in in IN 12299 1304 13 the the DT 12299 1304 14 winter winter NN 12299 1304 15 and and CC 12299 1304 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1304 17 dissolution dissolution NN 12299 1304 18 in in IN 12299 1304 19 the the DT 12299 1304 20 growing grow VBG 12299 1304 21 season season NN 12299 1304 22 . . . 12299 1305 1 The the DT 12299 1305 2 time time NN 12299 1305 3 of of IN 12299 1305 4 cutting cutting NN 12299 1305 5 can can MD 12299 1305 6 have have VB 12299 1305 7 no no DT 12299 1305 8 material material JJ 12299 1305 9 effect effect NN 12299 1305 10 on on IN 12299 1305 11 the the DT 12299 1305 12 inherent inherent JJ 12299 1305 13 strength strength NN 12299 1305 14 and and CC 12299 1305 15 other other JJ 12299 1305 16 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1305 17 properties property NNS 12299 1305 18 of of IN 12299 1305 19 wood wood NN 12299 1305 20 except except IN 12299 1305 21 in in IN 12299 1305 22 the the DT 12299 1305 23 outermost outermost JJ 12299 1305 24 annual annual JJ 12299 1305 25 ring ring NN 12299 1305 26 of of IN 12299 1305 27 growth growth NN 12299 1305 28 . . . 12299 1306 1 The the DT 12299 1306 2 popular popular JJ 12299 1306 3 belief belief NN 12299 1306 4 that that IN 12299 1306 5 sap sap NN 12299 1306 6 is be VBZ 12299 1306 7 up up RB 12299 1306 8 in in IN 12299 1306 9 the the DT 12299 1306 10 spring spring NN 12299 1306 11 and and CC 12299 1306 12 summer summer NN 12299 1306 13 and and CC 12299 1306 14 is be VBZ 12299 1306 15 down down RB 12299 1306 16 in in IN 12299 1306 17 the the DT 12299 1306 18 winter winter NN 12299 1306 19 has have VBZ 12299 1306 20 not not RB 12299 1306 21 been be VBN 12299 1306 22 substantiated substantiate VBN 12299 1306 23 by by IN 12299 1306 24 experiment experiment NN 12299 1306 25 . . . 12299 1307 1 There there EX 12299 1307 2 are be VBP 12299 1307 3 seasonal seasonal JJ 12299 1307 4 differences difference NNS 12299 1307 5 in in IN 12299 1307 6 the the DT 12299 1307 7 composition composition NN 12299 1307 8 of of IN 12299 1307 9 sap sap NN 12299 1307 10 , , , 12299 1307 11 but but CC 12299 1307 12 so so RB 12299 1307 13 far far RB 12299 1307 14 as as IN 12299 1307 15 the the DT 12299 1307 16 amount amount NN 12299 1307 17 of of IN 12299 1307 18 sap sap NN 12299 1307 19 in in IN 12299 1307 20 a a DT 12299 1307 21 tree tree NN 12299 1307 22 is be VBZ 12299 1307 23 concerned concern VBN 12299 1307 24 there there EX 12299 1307 25 is be VBZ 12299 1307 26 fully fully RB 12299 1307 27 as as RB 12299 1307 28 much much JJ 12299 1307 29 , , , 12299 1307 30 if if IN 12299 1307 31 not not RB 12299 1307 32 more more JJR 12299 1307 33 , , , 12299 1307 34 during during IN 12299 1307 35 the the DT 12299 1307 36 winter winter NN 12299 1307 37 than than IN 12299 1307 38 in in IN 12299 1307 39 summer summer NN 12299 1307 40 . . . 12299 1308 1 Winter winter NN 12299 1308 2 - - HYPH 12299 1308 3 cut cut VBN 12299 1308 4 wood wood NN 12299 1308 5 is be VBZ 12299 1308 6 not not RB 12299 1308 7 drier dry JJR 12299 1308 8 , , , 12299 1308 9 to to TO 12299 1308 10 begin begin VB 12299 1308 11 with with IN 12299 1308 12 , , , 12299 1308 13 than than IN 12299 1308 14 summer summer NN 12299 1308 15 - - HYPH 12299 1308 16 felled fell VBN 12299 1308 17 -- -- : 12299 1308 18 in in IN 12299 1308 19 reality reality NN 12299 1308 20 , , , 12299 1308 21 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1308 22 is be VBZ 12299 1308 23 likely likely JJ 12299 1308 24 to to TO 12299 1308 25 be be VB 12299 1308 26 wetter wet JJR 12299 1308 27 . . . 12299 1309 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1309 2 47 47 CD 12299 1309 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1309 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1309 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1309 6 47 47 CD 12299 1309 7 : : : 12299 1309 8 See see VB 12299 1309 9 Record Record NNP 12299 1309 10 , , , 12299 1309 11 S.J. S.J. NNP 12299 1310 1 : : : 12299 1310 2 Sap sap NN 12299 1310 3 in in IN 12299 1310 4 relation relation NN 12299 1310 5 to to IN 12299 1310 6 the the DT 12299 1310 7 properties property NNS 12299 1310 8 of of IN 12299 1310 9 wood wood NN 12299 1310 10 . . . 12299 1311 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 1311 2 . . . 12299 1312 1 Am Am NNP 12299 1312 2 . . . 12299 1313 1 Wood Wood NNP 12299 1313 2 Preservers Preservers NNP 12299 1313 3 ' ' POS 12299 1313 4 Assn Assn NNP 12299 1313 5 . . . 12299 1313 6 , , , 12299 1313 7 Baltimore Baltimore NNP 12299 1313 8 , , , 12299 1313 9 Md. Md. NNP 12299 1313 10 , , , 12299 1313 11 1913 1913 CD 12299 1313 12 , , , 12299 1313 13 pp pp NNP 12299 1313 14 . . . 12299 1314 1 160 160 CD 12299 1314 2 - - SYM 12299 1314 3 166 166 CD 12299 1314 4 . . . 12299 1315 1 Kempfer Kempfer NNP 12299 1315 2 , , , 12299 1315 3 Wm Wm NNP 12299 1315 4 . . . 12299 1316 1 H. H. NNP 12299 1316 2 : : : 12299 1316 3 The the DT 12299 1316 4 air air NN 12299 1316 5 - - HYPH 12299 1316 6 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 1316 7 of of IN 12299 1316 8 timber timber NN 12299 1316 9 . . . 12299 1317 1 In in IN 12299 1317 2 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1317 3 . . . 12299 1318 1 161 161 CD 12299 1318 2 , , , 12299 1318 3 Am Am NNP 12299 1318 4 . . . 12299 1319 1 Ry Ry NNP 12299 1319 2 . . . 12299 1320 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 1320 2 . . . 12299 1321 1 Assn assn UH 12299 1321 2 . . . 12299 1321 3 , , , 12299 1321 4 1913 1913 CD 12299 1321 5 , , , 12299 1321 6 p. p. NN 12299 1322 1 214 214 CD 12299 1322 2 . . . 12299 1322 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1323 1 The the DT 12299 1323 2 important important JJ 12299 1323 3 consideration consideration NN 12299 1323 4 in in IN 12299 1323 5 regard regard NN 12299 1323 6 to to IN 12299 1323 7 this this DT 12299 1323 8 question question NN 12299 1323 9 is be VBZ 12299 1323 10 the the DT 12299 1323 11 series series NN 12299 1323 12 of of IN 12299 1323 13 circumstances circumstance NNS 12299 1323 14 attending attend VBG 12299 1323 15 the the DT 12299 1323 16 handling handling NN 12299 1323 17 of of IN 12299 1323 18 the the DT 12299 1323 19 timber timber NN 12299 1323 20 after after IN 12299 1323 21 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1323 22 is be VBZ 12299 1323 23 felled fell VBN 12299 1323 24 . . . 12299 1324 1 Wood wood NN 12299 1324 2 dries dry NNS 12299 1324 3 more more RBR 12299 1324 4 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1324 5 in in IN 12299 1324 6 summer summer NN 12299 1324 7 than than IN 12299 1324 8 in in IN 12299 1324 9 winter winter NN 12299 1324 10 , , , 12299 1324 11 not not RB 12299 1324 12 because because IN 12299 1324 13 there there EX 12299 1324 14 is be VBZ 12299 1324 15 less less JJR 12299 1324 16 moisture moisture NN 12299 1324 17 at at IN 12299 1324 18 one one CD 12299 1324 19 time time NN 12299 1324 20 than than IN 12299 1324 21 another another DT 12299 1324 22 , , , 12299 1324 23 but but CC 12299 1324 24 because because IN 12299 1324 25 of of IN 12299 1324 26 the the DT 12299 1324 27 higher high JJR 12299 1324 28 temperature temperature NN 12299 1324 29 in in IN 12299 1324 30 summer summer NN 12299 1324 31 . . . 12299 1325 1 This this DT 12299 1325 2 greater great JJR 12299 1325 3 heat heat NN 12299 1325 4 is be VBZ 12299 1325 5 often often RB 12299 1325 6 accompanied accompany VBN 12299 1325 7 by by IN 12299 1325 8 low low JJ 12299 1325 9 humidity humidity NN 12299 1325 10 , , , 12299 1325 11 and and CC 12299 1325 12 conditions condition NNS 12299 1325 13 are be VBP 12299 1325 14 favorable favorable JJ 12299 1325 15 for for IN 12299 1325 16 the the DT 12299 1325 17 rapid rapid JJ 12299 1325 18 removal removal NN 12299 1325 19 of of IN 12299 1325 20 moisture moisture NN 12299 1325 21 from from IN 12299 1325 22 the the DT 12299 1325 23 exposed expose VBN 12299 1325 24 portions portion NNS 12299 1325 25 of of IN 12299 1325 26 wood wood NN 12299 1325 27 . . . 12299 1326 1 Wood wood NN 12299 1326 2 dries dry NNS 12299 1326 3 by by IN 12299 1326 4 evaporation evaporation NN 12299 1326 5 , , , 12299 1326 6 and and CC 12299 1326 7 other other JJ 12299 1326 8 things thing NNS 12299 1326 9 being be VBG 12299 1326 10 equal equal JJ 12299 1326 11 , , , 12299 1326 12 this this DT 12299 1326 13 will will MD 12299 1326 14 proceed proceed VB 12299 1326 15 much much RB 12299 1326 16 faster fast RBR 12299 1326 17 in in IN 12299 1326 18 hot hot JJ 12299 1326 19 weather weather NN 12299 1326 20 than than IN 12299 1326 21 in in IN 12299 1326 22 cold cold NN 12299 1326 23 . . . 12299 1327 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1327 2 is be VBZ 12299 1327 3 a a DT 12299 1327 4 matter matter NN 12299 1327 5 of of IN 12299 1327 6 common common JJ 12299 1327 7 observation observation NN 12299 1327 8 that that IN 12299 1327 9 when when WRB 12299 1327 10 wood wood NN 12299 1327 11 dries dry NNS 12299 1327 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1327 13 shrinks shrink VBZ 12299 1327 14 , , , 12299 1327 15 and and CC 12299 1327 16 if if IN 12299 1327 17 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1327 18 is be VBZ 12299 1327 19 not not RB 12299 1327 20 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1327 21 in in IN 12299 1327 22 all all DT 12299 1327 23 directions direction NNS 12299 1327 24 the the DT 12299 1327 25 material material NN 12299 1327 26 pulls pull VBZ 12299 1327 27 apart apart RB 12299 1327 28 , , , 12299 1327 29 causing cause VBG 12299 1327 30 season season NN 12299 1327 31 checks check NNS 12299 1327 32 . . . 12299 1328 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1328 2 See see VB 12299 1328 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1328 4 . . . 12299 1329 1 27 27 CD 12299 1329 2 . . . 12299 1329 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1330 1 If if IN 12299 1330 2 evaporation evaporation NN 12299 1330 3 proceeds proceed VBZ 12299 1330 4 more more RBR 12299 1330 5 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1330 6 on on IN 12299 1330 7 the the DT 12299 1330 8 outside outside NN 12299 1330 9 than than IN 12299 1330 10 inside inside RB 12299 1330 11 , , , 12299 1330 12 the the DT 12299 1330 13 greater great JJR 12299 1330 14 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1330 15 of of IN 12299 1330 16 the the DT 12299 1330 17 outer outer JJ 12299 1330 18 portions portion NNS 12299 1330 19 is be VBZ 12299 1330 20 bound bind VBN 12299 1330 21 to to TO 12299 1330 22 result result VB 12299 1330 23 in in IN 12299 1330 24 many many JJ 12299 1330 25 checks check NNS 12299 1330 26 , , , 12299 1330 27 the the DT 12299 1330 28 number number NN 12299 1330 29 and and CC 12299 1330 30 size size NN 12299 1330 31 increasing increase VBG 12299 1330 32 with with IN 12299 1330 33 the the DT 12299 1330 34 degree degree NN 12299 1330 35 of of IN 12299 1330 36 inequality inequality NN 12299 1330 37 of of IN 12299 1330 38 drying drying NN 12299 1330 39 . . . 12299 1331 1 In in IN 12299 1331 2 cold cold JJ 12299 1331 3 weather weather NN 12299 1331 4 , , , 12299 1331 5 drying drying NN 12299 1331 6 proceeds proceed NNS 12299 1331 7 slowly slowly RB 12299 1331 8 but but CC 12299 1331 9 uniformly uniformly RB 12299 1331 10 , , , 12299 1331 11 thus thus RB 12299 1331 12 allowing allow VBG 12299 1331 13 the the DT 12299 1331 14 wood wood NN 12299 1331 15 elements element NNS 12299 1331 16 to to TO 12299 1331 17 adjust adjust VB 12299 1331 18 themselves -PRON- PRP 12299 1331 19 with with IN 12299 1331 20 the the DT 12299 1331 21 least least JJS 12299 1331 22 amount amount NN 12299 1331 23 of of IN 12299 1331 24 rupturing rupture VBG 12299 1331 25 . . . 12299 1332 1 In in IN 12299 1332 2 summer summer NN 12299 1332 3 , , , 12299 1332 4 drying drying NN 12299 1332 5 proceeds proceed NNS 12299 1332 6 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1332 7 and and CC 12299 1332 8 irregularly irregularly RB 12299 1332 9 , , , 12299 1332 10 so so IN 12299 1332 11 that that IN 12299 1332 12 material material NN 12299 1332 13 seasoned season VBN 12299 1332 14 at at IN 12299 1332 15 that that DT 12299 1332 16 time time NN 12299 1332 17 is be VBZ 12299 1332 18 more more RBR 12299 1332 19 likely likely JJ 12299 1332 20 to to TO 12299 1332 21 split split VB 12299 1332 22 and and CC 12299 1332 23 check check VB 12299 1332 24 . . . 12299 1333 1 There there EX 12299 1333 2 is be VBZ 12299 1333 3 less less JJR 12299 1333 4 danger danger NN 12299 1333 5 of of IN 12299 1333 6 sap sap NNP 12299 1333 7 rot rot VB 12299 1333 8 when when WRB 12299 1333 9 trees tree NNS 12299 1333 10 are be VBP 12299 1333 11 felled fell VBN 12299 1333 12 in in IN 12299 1333 13 winter winter NN 12299 1333 14 because because IN 12299 1333 15 the the DT 12299 1333 16 fungus fungus NN 12299 1333 17 does do VBZ 12299 1333 18 not not RB 12299 1333 19 grow grow VB 12299 1333 20 in in IN 12299 1333 21 the the DT 12299 1333 22 very very RB 12299 1333 23 cold cold JJ 12299 1333 24 weather weather NN 12299 1333 25 , , , 12299 1333 26 and and CC 12299 1333 27 the the DT 12299 1333 28 lumber lumber NN 12299 1333 29 has have VBZ 12299 1333 30 a a DT 12299 1333 31 chance chance NN 12299 1333 32 to to TO 12299 1333 33 season season VB 12299 1333 34 to to IN 12299 1333 35 below below IN 12299 1333 36 the the DT 12299 1333 37 danger danger NN 12299 1333 38 point point NN 12299 1333 39 before before IN 12299 1333 40 the the DT 12299 1333 41 fungus fungus NN 12299 1333 42 gets get VBZ 12299 1333 43 a a DT 12299 1333 44 chance chance NN 12299 1333 45 to to TO 12299 1333 46 attack attack VB 12299 1333 47 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1333 48 . . . 12299 1334 1 If if IN 12299 1334 2 the the DT 12299 1334 3 logs log NNS 12299 1334 4 in in IN 12299 1334 5 each each DT 12299 1334 6 case case NN 12299 1334 7 could could MD 12299 1334 8 be be VB 12299 1334 9 cut cut VBN 12299 1334 10 into into IN 12299 1334 11 lumber lumber NN 12299 1334 12 immediately immediately RB 12299 1334 13 after after IN 12299 1334 14 felling fell VBG 12299 1334 15 and and CC 12299 1334 16 given give VBN 12299 1334 17 exactly exactly RB 12299 1334 18 the the DT 12299 1334 19 same same JJ 12299 1334 20 treatment treatment NN 12299 1334 21 , , , 12299 1334 22 for for IN 12299 1334 23 example example NN 12299 1334 24 , , , 12299 1334 25 kiln kiln NN 12299 1334 26 - - HYPH 12299 1334 27 dried dry VBN 12299 1334 28 , , , 12299 1334 29 no no DT 12299 1334 30 difference difference NN 12299 1334 31 due due IN 12299 1334 32 to to IN 12299 1334 33 the the DT 12299 1334 34 season season NN 12299 1334 35 of of IN 12299 1334 36 cutting cutting NN 12299 1334 37 would would MD 12299 1334 38 be be VB 12299 1334 39 noted note VBN 12299 1334 40 . . . 12299 1335 1 WATER water NN 12299 1335 2 CONTENT[48 CONTENT[48 '' 12299 1335 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1335 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1335 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1335 6 48 48 CD 12299 1335 7 : : : 12299 1335 8 See see VB 12299 1335 9 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 1335 10 , , , 12299 1335 11 H.D. H.D. NNP 12299 1336 1 : : : 12299 1336 2 Effect effect NN 12299 1336 3 of of IN 12299 1336 4 moisture moisture NN 12299 1336 5 upon upon IN 12299 1336 6 the the DT 12299 1336 7 strength strength NN 12299 1336 8 and and CC 12299 1336 9 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 1336 10 of of IN 12299 1336 11 wood wood NN 12299 1336 12 . . . 12299 1337 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1337 2 . . . 12299 1338 1 70 70 CD 12299 1338 2 , , , 12299 1338 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1338 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1338 5 Service Service NNP 12299 1338 6 , , , 12299 1338 7 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1338 8 , , , 12299 1338 9 D.C. D.C. NNP 12299 1338 10 , , , 12299 1338 11 1906 1906 CD 12299 1338 12 ; ; : 12299 1338 13 also also RB 12299 1338 14 Cir Cir NNP 12299 1338 15 . . . 12299 1339 1 108 108 CD 12299 1339 2 , , , 12299 1339 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 1339 4 . . . 12299 1339 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1340 1 Water water NN 12299 1340 2 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1340 3 in in IN 12299 1340 4 living live VBG 12299 1340 5 wood wood NN 12299 1340 6 in in IN 12299 1340 7 three three CD 12299 1340 8 conditions condition NNS 12299 1340 9 , , , 12299 1340 10 namely namely RB 12299 1340 11 : : : 12299 1340 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1340 13 1 1 LS 12299 1340 14 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1340 15 in in IN 12299 1340 16 the the DT 12299 1340 17 cell cell NN 12299 1340 18 walls wall NNS 12299 1340 19 , , , 12299 1340 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1340 21 2 2 LS 12299 1340 22 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1340 23 in in IN 12299 1340 24 the the DT 12299 1340 25 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 12299 1340 26 contents content NNS 12299 1340 27 of of IN 12299 1340 28 the the DT 12299 1340 29 cells cell NNS 12299 1340 30 , , , 12299 1340 31 and and CC 12299 1340 32 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1340 33 3 3 LS 12299 1340 34 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1340 35 as as IN 12299 1340 36 free free JJ 12299 1340 37 water water NN 12299 1340 38 in in IN 12299 1340 39 the the DT 12299 1340 40 cell cell NN 12299 1340 41 cavities cavity NNS 12299 1340 42 and and CC 12299 1340 43 spaces space NNS 12299 1340 44 . . . 12299 1341 1 In in IN 12299 1341 2 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 1341 3 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1341 4 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1341 5 only only RB 12299 1341 6 in in IN 12299 1341 7 the the DT 12299 1341 8 first first JJ 12299 1341 9 and and CC 12299 1341 10 last last JJ 12299 1341 11 forms form NNS 12299 1341 12 . . . 12299 1342 1 Wood wood NN 12299 1342 2 that that WDT 12299 1342 3 is be VBZ 12299 1342 4 thoroughly thoroughly RB 12299 1342 5 air air NN 12299 1342 6 - - HYPH 12299 1342 7 dried dry VBN 12299 1342 8 retains retain NNS 12299 1342 9 from from IN 12299 1342 10 8 8 CD 12299 1342 11 to to TO 12299 1342 12 16 16 CD 12299 1342 13 per per NN 12299 1342 14 cent cent NN 12299 1342 15 of of IN 12299 1342 16 water water NN 12299 1342 17 in in IN 12299 1342 18 the the DT 12299 1342 19 cell cell NN 12299 1342 20 walls wall NNS 12299 1342 21 , , , 12299 1342 22 and and CC 12299 1342 23 none none NN 12299 1342 24 , , , 12299 1342 25 or or CC 12299 1342 26 practically practically RB 12299 1342 27 none none NN 12299 1342 28 , , , 12299 1342 29 in in IN 12299 1342 30 the the DT 12299 1342 31 other other JJ 12299 1342 32 forms form NNS 12299 1342 33 . . . 12299 1343 1 Even even RB 12299 1343 2 oven oven RB 12299 1343 3 - - HYPH 12299 1343 4 dried dry VBN 12299 1343 5 wood wood NN 12299 1343 6 retains retain VBZ 12299 1343 7 a a DT 12299 1343 8 small small JJ 12299 1343 9 percentage percentage NN 12299 1343 10 of of IN 12299 1343 11 moisture moisture NN 12299 1343 12 , , , 12299 1343 13 but but CC 12299 1343 14 for for IN 12299 1343 15 all all DT 12299 1343 16 except except IN 12299 1343 17 chemical chemical JJ 12299 1343 18 purposes purpose NNS 12299 1343 19 , , , 12299 1343 20 may may MD 12299 1343 21 be be VB 12299 1343 22 considered consider VBN 12299 1343 23 absolutely absolutely RB 12299 1343 24 dry dry JJ 12299 1343 25 . . . 12299 1344 1 The the DT 12299 1344 2 general general JJ 12299 1344 3 effect effect NN 12299 1344 4 of of IN 12299 1344 5 the the DT 12299 1344 6 water water NN 12299 1344 7 content content NN 12299 1344 8 upon upon IN 12299 1344 9 the the DT 12299 1344 10 wood wood NN 12299 1344 11 substance substance NN 12299 1344 12 is be VBZ 12299 1344 13 to to TO 12299 1344 14 render render VB 12299 1344 15 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1344 16 softer soft JJR 12299 1344 17 and and CC 12299 1344 18 more more RBR 12299 1344 19 pliable pliable JJ 12299 1344 20 . . . 12299 1345 1 A a DT 12299 1345 2 similar similar JJ 12299 1345 3 effect effect NN 12299 1345 4 of of IN 12299 1345 5 common common JJ 12299 1345 6 observation observation NN 12299 1345 7 is be VBZ 12299 1345 8 in in IN 12299 1345 9 the the DT 12299 1345 10 softening softening JJ 12299 1345 11 action action NN 12299 1345 12 of of IN 12299 1345 13 water water NN 12299 1345 14 on on IN 12299 1345 15 rawhide rawhide NN 12299 1345 16 , , , 12299 1345 17 paper paper NN 12299 1345 18 , , , 12299 1345 19 or or CC 12299 1345 20 cloth cloth NN 12299 1345 21 . . . 12299 1346 1 Within within IN 12299 1346 2 certain certain JJ 12299 1346 3 limits limit NNS 12299 1346 4 the the DT 12299 1346 5 greater great JJR 12299 1346 6 the the DT 12299 1346 7 water water NN 12299 1346 8 content content NN 12299 1346 9 the the DT 12299 1346 10 greater great JJR 12299 1346 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1346 12 softening soften VBG 12299 1346 13 effect effect NN 12299 1346 14 . . . 12299 1347 1 Drying Drying NNP 12299 1347 2 produces produce VBZ 12299 1347 3 a a DT 12299 1347 4 decided decided JJ 12299 1347 5 increase increase NN 12299 1347 6 in in IN 12299 1347 7 the the DT 12299 1347 8 strength strength NN 12299 1347 9 of of IN 12299 1347 10 wood wood NN 12299 1347 11 , , , 12299 1347 12 particularly particularly RB 12299 1347 13 in in IN 12299 1347 14 small small JJ 12299 1347 15 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1347 16 . . . 12299 1348 1 An an DT 12299 1348 2 extreme extreme JJ 12299 1348 3 example example NN 12299 1348 4 is be VBZ 12299 1348 5 the the DT 12299 1348 6 case case NN 12299 1348 7 of of IN 12299 1348 8 a a DT 12299 1348 9 completely completely RB 12299 1348 10 dry dry JJ 12299 1348 11 spruce spruce NN 12299 1348 12 block block NN 12299 1348 13 two two CD 12299 1348 14 inches inch NNS 12299 1348 15 in in IN 12299 1348 16 section section NN 12299 1348 17 , , , 12299 1348 18 which which WDT 12299 1348 19 will will MD 12299 1348 20 sustain sustain VB 12299 1348 21 a a DT 12299 1348 22 permanent permanent JJ 12299 1348 23 load load NN 12299 1348 24 four four CD 12299 1348 25 times time NNS 12299 1348 26 as as RB 12299 1348 27 great great JJ 12299 1348 28 as as IN 12299 1348 29 that that DT 12299 1348 30 which which WDT 12299 1348 31 a a DT 12299 1348 32 green green JJ 12299 1348 33 block block NN 12299 1348 34 of of IN 12299 1348 35 the the DT 12299 1348 36 same same JJ 12299 1348 37 size size NN 12299 1348 38 will will MD 12299 1348 39 support support VB 12299 1348 40 . . . 12299 1349 1 The the DT 12299 1349 2 greatest great JJS 12299 1349 3 increase increase NN 12299 1349 4 due due IN 12299 1349 5 to to IN 12299 1349 6 drying drying NN 12299 1349 7 is be VBZ 12299 1349 8 in in IN 12299 1349 9 the the DT 12299 1349 10 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 1349 11 crushing crushing NN 12299 1349 12 strength strength NN 12299 1349 13 , , , 12299 1349 14 and and CC 12299 1349 15 strength strength NN 12299 1349 16 at at IN 12299 1349 17 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1349 18 limit limit NN 12299 1349 19 in in IN 12299 1349 20 endwise endwise NN 12299 1349 21 compression compression NN 12299 1349 22 ; ; : 12299 1349 23 these these DT 12299 1349 24 are be VBP 12299 1349 25 followed follow VBN 12299 1349 26 by by IN 12299 1349 27 the the DT 12299 1349 28 modulus modulus NN 12299 1349 29 of of IN 12299 1349 30 rupture rupture NN 12299 1349 31 , , , 12299 1349 32 and and CC 12299 1349 33 stress stress NN 12299 1349 34 at at IN 12299 1349 35 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1349 36 limit limit NN 12299 1349 37 in in IN 12299 1349 38 cross cross NN 12299 1349 39 - - JJ 12299 1349 40 bending bending JJ 12299 1349 41 , , , 12299 1349 42 while while IN 12299 1349 43 the the DT 12299 1349 44 modulus modulus NN 12299 1349 45 of of IN 12299 1349 46 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1349 47 is be VBZ 12299 1349 48 least least RBS 12299 1349 49 affected affected JJ 12299 1349 50 . . . 12299 1350 1 These these DT 12299 1350 2 ratios ratio NNS 12299 1350 3 are be VBP 12299 1350 4 shown show VBN 12299 1350 5 in in IN 12299 1350 6 Table Table NNP 12299 1350 7 XV XV NNP 12299 1350 8 , , , 12299 1350 9 but but CC 12299 1350 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1350 11 is be VBZ 12299 1350 12 to to TO 12299 1350 13 be be VB 12299 1350 14 noted note VBN 12299 1350 15 that that IN 12299 1350 16 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1350 17 apply apply VBP 12299 1350 18 only only RB 12299 1350 19 to to IN 12299 1350 20 wood wood NN 12299 1350 21 in in IN 12299 1350 22 a a DT 12299 1350 23 much much RB 12299 1350 24 drier dry JJR 12299 1350 25 condition condition NN 12299 1350 26 than than IN 12299 1350 27 is be VBZ 12299 1350 28 used use VBN 12299 1350 29 in in IN 12299 1350 30 practice practice NN 12299 1350 31 . . . 12299 1351 1 For for IN 12299 1351 2 air air NN 12299 1351 3 - - HYPH 12299 1351 4 dry dry JJ 12299 1351 5 wood wood NN 12299 1351 6 the the DT 12299 1351 7 ratios ratio NNS 12299 1351 8 are be VBP 12299 1351 9 considerably considerably RB 12299 1351 10 lower low JJR 12299 1351 11 , , , 12299 1351 12 particularly particularly RB 12299 1351 13 in in IN 12299 1351 14 the the DT 12299 1351 15 case case NN 12299 1351 16 of of IN 12299 1351 17 the the DT 12299 1351 18 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 1351 19 strength strength NN 12299 1351 20 and and CC 12299 1351 21 the the DT 12299 1351 22 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1351 23 limit limit NN 12299 1351 24 . . . 12299 1352 1 Stiffness Stiffness NNP 12299 1352 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1352 3 within within IN 12299 1352 4 the the DT 12299 1352 5 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1352 6 limit limit NN 12299 1352 7 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1352 8 , , , 12299 1352 9 while while IN 12299 1352 10 following follow VBG 12299 1352 11 a a DT 12299 1352 12 similar similar JJ 12299 1352 13 law law NN 12299 1352 14 , , , 12299 1352 15 is be VBZ 12299 1352 16 less less RBR 12299 1352 17 affected affected JJ 12299 1352 18 . . . 12299 1353 1 In in IN 12299 1353 2 the the DT 12299 1353 3 case case NN 12299 1353 4 of of IN 12299 1353 5 shear shear NN 12299 1353 6 parallel parallel NN 12299 1353 7 to to IN 12299 1353 8 the the DT 12299 1353 9 grain grain NN 12299 1353 10 , , , 12299 1353 11 the the DT 12299 1353 12 general general JJ 12299 1353 13 effect effect NN 12299 1353 14 of of IN 12299 1353 15 drying drying NN 12299 1353 16 is be VBZ 12299 1353 17 to to TO 12299 1353 18 increase increase VB 12299 1353 19 the the DT 12299 1353 20 strength strength NN 12299 1353 21 , , , 12299 1353 22 but but CC 12299 1353 23 this this DT 12299 1353 24 is be VBZ 12299 1353 25 often often RB 12299 1353 26 offset offset VBN 12299 1353 27 by by IN 12299 1353 28 small small JJ 12299 1353 29 splits split NNS 12299 1353 30 and and CC 12299 1353 31 checks check NNS 12299 1353 32 caused cause VBN 12299 1353 33 by by IN 12299 1353 34 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1353 35 . . . 12299 1354 1 |----------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1354 2 | | NNP 12299 1354 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 1354 4 XV XV NNP 12299 1354 5 | | NNP 12299 1354 6 |----------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1354 7 | | NNP 12299 1354 8 EFFECT EFFECT NNP 12299 1354 9 OF of IN 12299 1354 10 DRYING drying NN 12299 1354 11 ON on IN 12299 1354 12 THE the DT 12299 1354 13 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 1354 14 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 1354 15 OF of IN 12299 1354 16 WOOD wood NN 12299 1354 17 , , , 12299 1354 18 SHOWN show VBN 12299 1354 19 IN in IN 12299 1354 20 | | CD 12299 1354 21 | | NNS 12299 1354 22 RATIO RATIO NNS 12299 1354 23 OF of IN 12299 1354 24 INCREASE increase NN 12299 1354 25 DUE DUE NNP 12299 1354 26 TO to IN 12299 1354 27 REDUCING REDUCING NNP 12299 1354 28 MOISTURE MOISTURE NNP 12299 1354 29 CONTENT CONTENT NNP 12299 1354 30 FROM from IN 12299 1354 31 | | CD 12299 1354 32 | | NNS 12299 1354 33 THE the DT 12299 1354 34 GREEN green JJ 12299 1354 35 CONDITION condition NN 12299 1354 36 TO to IN 12299 1354 37 KILN KILN NNP 12299 1354 38 - - HYPH 12299 1354 39 DRY DRY NNP 12299 1354 40 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1354 41 3.5 3.5 CD 12299 1354 42 PER per NN 12299 1354 43 CENT CENT NNP 12299 1354 44 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1354 45 | | CD 12299 1354 46 | | NNP 12299 1354 47 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1354 48 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1354 49 Service Service NNP 12299 1354 50 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1354 51 . . . 12299 1355 1 70 70 CD 12299 1355 2 , , , 12299 1355 3 p. p. NN 12299 1355 4 89 89 CD 12299 1355 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 6 | | NNP 12299 1355 7 |----------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1355 8 | | NNP 12299 1355 9 KIND KIND NNP 12299 1355 10 OF of IN 12299 1355 11 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 1355 12 | | NNP 12299 1355 13 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 1355 14 | | NNP 12299 1355 15 Spruce Spruce NNP 12299 1355 16 | | NNP 12299 1355 17 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 12299 1355 18 | | NNP 12299 1355 19 | | NNP 12299 1355 20 | | CD 12299 1355 21 pine pine JJ 12299 1355 22 | | NNP 12299 1355 23 | | NNP 12299 1355 24 | | NNP 12299 1355 25 |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------| |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------| NNP 12299 1355 26 | | CD 12299 1355 27 | | NNS 12299 1355 28 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1355 29 1 1 CD 12299 1355 30 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 31 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1355 32 2 2 LS 12299 1355 33 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 34 | | NNP 12299 1355 35 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1355 36 1 1 CD 12299 1355 37 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 38 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1355 39 2 2 LS 12299 1355 40 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 41 | | NNP 12299 1355 42 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1355 43 1 1 CD 12299 1355 44 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 45 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1355 46 2 2 LS 12299 1355 47 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1355 48 | | CD 12299 1355 49 | | CD 12299 1355 50 | | CD 12299 1355 51 | | CD 12299 1355 52 | | CD 12299 1355 53 | | CD 12299 1355 54 | | NNP 12299 1355 55 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 1355 56 strength strength NN 12299 1355 57 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1355 58 | | CD 12299 1355 59 | | CD 12299 1355 60 | | CD 12299 1355 61 | | CD 12299 1355 62 | | CD 12299 1355 63 to to TO 12299 1355 64 grain grain VB 12299 1355 65 | | CD 12299 1355 66 2.89 2.89 CD 12299 1355 67 2.60 2.60 CD 12299 1355 68 | | CD 12299 1355 69 3.71 3.71 CD 12299 1355 70 3.41 3.41 CD 12299 1355 71 | | CD 12299 1355 72 2.83 2.83 CD 12299 1355 73 2.55 2.55 CD 12299 1355 74 | | CD 12299 1355 75 | | CD 12299 1355 76 Elastic elastic JJ 12299 1355 77 limit limit NN 12299 1355 78 in in IN 12299 1355 79 | | CD 12299 1355 80 | | CD 12299 1355 81 | | CD 12299 1355 82 | | CD 12299 1355 83 | | CD 12299 1355 84 compression compression NN 12299 1355 85 | | CD 12299 1355 86 | | CD 12299 1355 87 | | CD 12299 1355 88 | | CD 12299 1355 89 | | CD 12299 1355 90 parallel parallel NN 12299 1355 91 to to IN 12299 1355 92 grain grain NN 12299 1355 93 | | CD 12299 1355 94 2.60 2.60 CD 12299 1355 95 2.34 2.34 CD 12299 1355 96 | | CD 12299 1355 97 3.80 3.80 CD 12299 1355 98 3.49 3.49 CD 12299 1355 99 | | CD 12299 1355 100 2.40 2.40 CD 12299 1355 101 2.26 2.26 CD 12299 1355 102 | | CD 12299 1355 103 | | NNP 12299 1355 104 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 1355 105 of of IN 12299 1355 106 rupture rupture NN 12299 1355 107 in in IN 12299 1355 108 | | NNP 12299 1355 109 | | NNP 12299 1355 110 | | CD 12299 1355 111 | | CD 12299 1355 112 | | CD 12299 1355 113 bending bend VBG 12299 1355 114 | | CD 12299 1355 115 2.50 2.50 CD 12299 1355 116 2.20 2.20 CD 12299 1355 117 | | CD 12299 1355 118 2.81 2.81 CD 12299 1355 119 2.50 2.50 CD 12299 1355 120 | | CD 12299 1355 121 2.09 2.09 CD 12299 1355 122 1.82 1.82 CD 12299 1355 123 | | CD 12299 1355 124 | | CD 12299 1355 125 Stress Stress NNP 12299 1355 126 at at IN 12299 1355 127 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1355 128 limit limit NN 12299 1355 129 in in IN 12299 1355 130 | | NNP 12299 1355 131 | | CD 12299 1355 132 | | CD 12299 1355 133 | | CD 12299 1355 134 | | CD 12299 1355 135 bending bend VBG 12299 1355 136 | | CD 12299 1355 137 2.90 2.90 CD 12299 1355 138 2.55 2.55 CD 12299 1355 139 | | CD 12299 1355 140 2.90 2.90 CD 12299 1355 141 2.58 2.58 CD 12299 1355 142 | | CD 12299 1355 143 2.30 2.30 CD 12299 1355 144 2.00 2.00 CD 12299 1355 145 | | CD 12299 1355 146 | | NNP 12299 1355 147 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 1355 148 strength strength NN 12299 1355 149 at at IN 12299 1355 150 right right JJ 12299 1355 151 | | NNP 12299 1355 152 | | NNP 12299 1355 153 | | CD 12299 1355 154 | | CD 12299 1355 155 | | CD 12299 1355 156 angles angle NNS 12299 1355 157 to to IN 12299 1355 158 grain grain NN 12299 1355 159 | | CD 12299 1355 160 | | CD 12299 1355 161 2.58 2.58 CD 12299 1355 162 2.48 2.48 CD 12299 1355 163 | | CD 12299 1355 164 | | CD 12299 1355 165 | | NNS 12299 1355 166 Shearing shearing NN 12299 1355 167 strength strength NN 12299 1355 168 parallel parallel NN 12299 1355 169 | | CD 12299 1355 170 | | CD 12299 1355 171 | | CD 12299 1355 172 | | CD 12299 1355 173 | | CD 12299 1355 174 to to TO 12299 1355 175 grain grain VB 12299 1355 176 | | CD 12299 1355 177 2.01 2.01 CD 12299 1355 178 1.91 1.91 CD 12299 1355 179 | | CD 12299 1355 180 2.03 2.03 CD 12299 1355 181 1.95 1.95 CD 12299 1355 182 | | CD 12299 1355 183 1.55 1.55 CD 12299 1355 184 1.47 1.47 CD 12299 1355 185 | | CD 12299 1355 186 | | NNP 12299 1355 187 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 1355 188 of of IN 12299 1355 189 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1355 190 in in IN 12299 1355 191 | | NNP 12299 1355 192 | | NNP 12299 1355 193 | | CD 12299 1355 194 | | CD 12299 1355 195 | | CD 12299 1355 196 compression compression NN 12299 1355 197 parallel parallel NN 12299 1355 198 to to IN 12299 1355 199 | | CD 12299 1355 200 | | CD 12299 1355 201 | | CD 12299 1355 202 | | CD 12299 1355 203 | | CD 12299 1355 204 grain grain NN 12299 1355 205 | | CD 12299 1355 206 1.63 1.63 CD 12299 1355 207 1.47 1.47 CD 12299 1355 208 | | CD 12299 1355 209 2.26 2.26 CD 12299 1355 210 2.08 2.08 CD 12299 1355 211 | | CD 12299 1355 212 1.43 1.43 CD 12299 1355 213 1.29 1.29 CD 12299 1355 214 | | CD 12299 1355 215 | | NNP 12299 1355 216 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 1355 217 of of IN 12299 1355 218 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1355 219 in in IN 12299 1355 220 | | NNP 12299 1355 221 | | NNP 12299 1355 222 | | CD 12299 1355 223 | | CD 12299 1355 224 | | CD 12299 1355 225 bending bend VBG 12299 1355 226 | | CD 12299 1355 227 1.59 1.59 CD 12299 1355 228 1.35 1.35 CD 12299 1355 229 | | CD 12299 1355 230 1.43 1.43 CD 12299 1355 231 1.23 1.23 CD 12299 1355 232 | | CD 12299 1355 233 1.44 1.44 CD 12299 1355 234 1.21 1.21 CD 12299 1355 235 | | NNP 12299 1355 236 |----------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1355 237 | | CD 12299 1355 238 NOTE.--The note.--the JJ 12299 1355 239 figures figure NNS 12299 1355 240 in in IN 12299 1355 241 the the DT 12299 1355 242 first first JJ 12299 1355 243 column column NN 12299 1355 244 show show VBP 12299 1355 245 the the DT 12299 1355 246 relative relative JJ 12299 1355 247 increase increase NN 12299 1355 248 in in IN 12299 1355 249 | | CD 12299 1355 250 | | CD 12299 1355 251 strength strength NN 12299 1355 252 between between IN 12299 1355 253 a a DT 12299 1355 254 green green JJ 12299 1355 255 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1355 256 and and CC 12299 1355 257 a a DT 12299 1355 258 kiln kiln NN 12299 1355 259 - - HYPH 12299 1355 260 dry dry JJ 12299 1355 261 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1355 262 of of IN 12299 1355 263 equal equal JJ 12299 1355 264 | | HYPH 12299 1355 265 | | NNP 12299 1355 266 size size NN 12299 1355 267 . . . 12299 1356 1 The the DT 12299 1356 2 figures figure NNS 12299 1356 3 in in IN 12299 1356 4 the the DT 12299 1356 5 second second JJ 12299 1356 6 column column NN 12299 1356 7 show show VBP 12299 1356 8 the the DT 12299 1356 9 relative relative JJ 12299 1356 10 increase increase NN 12299 1356 11 of of IN 12299 1356 12 | | CD 12299 1356 13 | | CD 12299 1356 14 strength strength NN 12299 1356 15 of of IN 12299 1356 16 the the DT 12299 1356 17 same same JJ 12299 1356 18 block block NN 12299 1356 19 after after IN 12299 1356 20 being be VBG 12299 1356 21 dried dry VBN 12299 1356 22 from from IN 12299 1356 23 a a DT 12299 1356 24 green green JJ 12299 1356 25 condition condition NN 12299 1356 26 | | CD 12299 1356 27 | | CD 12299 1356 28 to to IN 12299 1356 29 3.5 3.5 CD 12299 1356 30 per per NN 12299 1356 31 cent cent NN 12299 1356 32 moisture moisture NN 12299 1356 33 , , , 12299 1356 34 correction correction NN 12299 1356 35 having have VBG 12299 1356 36 been be VBN 12299 1356 37 made make VBN 12299 1356 38 for for IN 12299 1356 39 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1356 40 . . . 12299 1357 1 | | NNS 12299 1357 2 | | NNS 12299 1357 3 That that RB 12299 1357 4 is is RB 12299 1357 5 , , , 12299 1357 6 in in IN 12299 1357 7 the the DT 12299 1357 8 first first JJ 12299 1357 9 column column NN 12299 1357 10 the the DT 12299 1357 11 strength strength NN 12299 1357 12 values value NNS 12299 1357 13 per per IN 12299 1357 14 actual actual JJ 12299 1357 15 unit unit NN 12299 1357 16 of of IN 12299 1357 17 | | NNP 12299 1357 18 | | CD 12299 1357 19 area area NN 12299 1357 20 are be VBP 12299 1357 21 used use VBN 12299 1357 22 ; ; : 12299 1357 23 in in IN 12299 1357 24 the the DT 12299 1357 25 second second JJ 12299 1357 26 the the DT 12299 1357 27 values value NNS 12299 1357 28 per per IN 12299 1357 29 unit unit NN 12299 1357 30 of of IN 12299 1357 31 area area NN 12299 1357 32 of of IN 12299 1357 33 green green JJ 12299 1357 34 | | JJ 12299 1357 35 | | CD 12299 1357 36 wood wood NN 12299 1357 37 which which WDT 12299 1357 38 shrinks shrink VBZ 12299 1357 39 to to TO 12299 1357 40 smaller small JJR 12299 1357 41 size size NN 12299 1357 42 when when WRB 12299 1357 43 dried dry VBN 12299 1357 44 . . . 12299 1358 1 | | NNP 12299 1358 2 | | CD 12299 1358 3 | | CD 12299 1358 4 | | NNS 12299 1358 5 See see VB 12299 1358 6 also also RB 12299 1358 7 Cir Cir NNP 12299 1358 8 . . . 12299 1359 1 108 108 CD 12299 1359 2 , , , 12299 1359 3 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1359 4 . . . 12299 1360 1 1 1 CD 12299 1360 2 , , , 12299 1360 3 p. p. NN 12299 1360 4 8 8 CD 12299 1360 5 . . . 12299 1361 1 | | NNS 12299 1361 2 |----------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------| VBP 12299 1361 3 The the DT 12299 1361 4 moisture moisture NN 12299 1361 5 content content NN 12299 1361 6 has have VBZ 12299 1361 7 a a DT 12299 1361 8 decided decided JJ 12299 1361 9 bearing bearing NN 12299 1361 10 also also RB 12299 1361 11 upon upon IN 12299 1361 12 the the DT 12299 1361 13 manner manner NN 12299 1361 14 in in IN 12299 1361 15 which which WDT 12299 1361 16 wood wood NN 12299 1361 17 fails fail VBZ 12299 1361 18 . . . 12299 1362 1 In in IN 12299 1362 2 compression compression NN 12299 1362 3 tests test VBZ 12299 1362 4 on on IN 12299 1362 5 very very RB 12299 1362 6 dry dry JJ 12299 1362 7 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1362 8 the the DT 12299 1362 9 entire entire JJ 12299 1362 10 piece piece NN 12299 1362 11 splits split VBZ 12299 1362 12 suddenly suddenly RB 12299 1362 13 into into IN 12299 1362 14 pieces piece NNS 12299 1362 15 before before IN 12299 1362 16 any any DT 12299 1362 17 buckling buckling NN 12299 1362 18 takes take VBZ 12299 1362 19 place place NN 12299 1362 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1362 21 see see VB 12299 1362 22 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1362 23 . . . 12299 1363 1 9 9 CD 12299 1363 2 . . . 12299 1364 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1364 2 , , , 12299 1364 3 while while IN 12299 1364 4 with with IN 12299 1364 5 wet wet JJ 12299 1364 6 material material NN 12299 1364 7 the the DT 12299 1364 8 block block NN 12299 1364 9 gives give VBZ 12299 1364 10 way way NN 12299 1364 11 gradually gradually RB 12299 1364 12 , , , 12299 1364 13 due due IN 12299 1364 14 to to IN 12299 1364 15 the the DT 12299 1364 16 buckling buckling NN 12299 1364 17 or or CC 12299 1364 18 bending bending NN 12299 1364 19 of of IN 12299 1364 20 the the DT 12299 1364 21 walls wall NNS 12299 1364 22 of of IN 12299 1364 23 the the DT 12299 1364 24 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1364 25 along along IN 12299 1364 26 one one CD 12299 1364 27 or or CC 12299 1364 28 more more JJR 12299 1364 29 shearing shearing NN 12299 1364 30 planes plane NNS 12299 1364 31 . . . 12299 1365 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1365 2 See see VB 12299 1365 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1365 4 . . . 12299 1366 1 14 14 CD 12299 1366 2 . . . 12299 1366 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1367 1 In in IN 12299 1367 2 bending bend VBG 12299 1367 3 tests test NNS 12299 1367 4 on on IN 12299 1367 5 wet wet JJ 12299 1367 6 beams beam NNS 12299 1367 7 , , , 12299 1367 8 first first JJ 12299 1367 9 failure failure NN 12299 1367 10 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1367 11 by by IN 12299 1367 12 compression compression NN 12299 1367 13 on on IN 12299 1367 14 top top NN 12299 1367 15 of of IN 12299 1367 16 the the DT 12299 1367 17 beam beam NN 12299 1367 18 , , , 12299 1367 19 gradually gradually RB 12299 1367 20 extending extend VBG 12299 1367 21 downward downward RB 12299 1367 22 toward toward IN 12299 1367 23 the the DT 12299 1367 24 neutral neutral JJ 12299 1367 25 axis axi NNS 12299 1367 26 . . . 12299 1368 1 Finally finally RB 12299 1368 2 the the DT 12299 1368 3 beam beam NN 12299 1368 4 ruptures rupture VBZ 12299 1368 5 at at IN 12299 1368 6 the the DT 12299 1368 7 bottom bottom NN 12299 1368 8 . . . 12299 1369 1 In in IN 12299 1369 2 the the DT 12299 1369 3 case case NN 12299 1369 4 of of IN 12299 1369 5 very very RB 12299 1369 6 dry dry JJ 12299 1369 7 beams beam NNS 12299 1369 8 the the DT 12299 1369 9 failure failure NN 12299 1369 10 is be VBZ 12299 1369 11 usually usually RB 12299 1369 12 by by IN 12299 1369 13 splitting splitting NN 12299 1369 14 or or CC 12299 1369 15 tension tension NN 12299 1369 16 on on IN 12299 1369 17 the the DT 12299 1369 18 under under JJ 12299 1369 19 side side NN 12299 1369 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1369 21 see see VB 12299 1369 22 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1369 23 . . . 12299 1370 1 17 17 CD 12299 1370 2 . . . 12299 1371 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1371 2 , , , 12299 1371 3 without without IN 12299 1371 4 compression compression NN 12299 1371 5 on on IN 12299 1371 6 the the DT 12299 1371 7 upper upper JJ 12299 1371 8 , , , 12299 1371 9 and and CC 12299 1371 10 is be VBZ 12299 1371 11 often often RB 12299 1371 12 sudden sudden JJ 12299 1371 13 and and CC 12299 1371 14 without without IN 12299 1371 15 warning warning NN 12299 1371 16 , , , 12299 1371 17 and and CC 12299 1371 18 even even RB 12299 1371 19 while while IN 12299 1371 20 the the DT 12299 1371 21 load load NN 12299 1371 22 is be VBZ 12299 1371 23 still still RB 12299 1371 24 increasing increase VBG 12299 1371 25 . . . 12299 1372 1 The the DT 12299 1372 2 effect effect NN 12299 1372 3 varies vary VBZ 12299 1372 4 somewhat somewhat RB 12299 1372 5 with with IN 12299 1372 6 different different JJ 12299 1372 7 species specie NNS 12299 1372 8 , , , 12299 1372 9 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 1372 10 , , , 12299 1372 11 for for IN 12299 1372 12 example example NN 12299 1372 13 , , , 12299 1372 14 becoming become VBG 12299 1372 15 more more RBR 12299 1372 16 brittle brittle JJ 12299 1372 17 upon upon IN 12299 1372 18 drying drying NN 12299 1372 19 than than IN 12299 1372 20 do do VBP 12299 1372 21 ash ash NN 12299 1372 22 , , , 12299 1372 23 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 1372 24 , , , 12299 1372 25 and and CC 12299 1372 26 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 1372 27 pine pine NN 12299 1372 28 . . . 12299 1373 1 The the DT 12299 1373 2 tensile tensile JJ 12299 1373 3 strength strength NN 12299 1373 4 of of IN 12299 1373 5 wood wood NN 12299 1373 6 is be VBZ 12299 1373 7 least least RBS 12299 1373 8 affected affected JJ 12299 1373 9 by by IN 12299 1373 10 drying dry VBG 12299 1373 11 , , , 12299 1373 12 as as IN 12299 1373 13 a a DT 12299 1373 14 rule rule NN 12299 1373 15 . . . 12299 1374 1 In in IN 12299 1374 2 drying drying NN 12299 1374 3 wood wood NN 12299 1374 4 no no DT 12299 1374 5 increase increase NN 12299 1374 6 in in IN 12299 1374 7 strength strength NN 12299 1374 8 results result NNS 12299 1374 9 until until IN 12299 1374 10 the the DT 12299 1374 11 free free JJ 12299 1374 12 water water NN 12299 1374 13 is be VBZ 12299 1374 14 evaporated evaporate VBN 12299 1374 15 and and CC 12299 1374 16 the the DT 12299 1374 17 cell cell NN 12299 1374 18 walls wall NNS 12299 1374 19 begin begin VBP 12299 1374 20 to to IN 12299 1374 21 dry[49 dry[49 NN 12299 1374 22 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1374 23 . . . 12299 1375 1 This this DT 12299 1375 2 critical critical JJ 12299 1375 3 point point NN 12299 1375 4 has have VBZ 12299 1375 5 been be VBN 12299 1375 6 called call VBN 12299 1375 7 the the DT 12299 1375 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1375 9 fibre fibre NN 12299 1375 10 - - HYPH 12299 1375 11 saturation saturation NN 12299 1375 12 point point NN 12299 1375 13 _ _ NNP 12299 1375 14 . . . 12299 1376 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1376 2 See see VB 12299 1376 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1376 4 . . . 12299 1377 1 24 24 CD 12299 1377 2 . . . 12299 1377 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1378 1 Conversely conversely RB 12299 1378 2 , , , 12299 1378 3 after after IN 12299 1378 4 the the DT 12299 1378 5 cell cell NN 12299 1378 6 walls wall NNS 12299 1378 7 are be VBP 12299 1378 8 saturated saturate VBN 12299 1378 9 with with IN 12299 1378 10 water water NN 12299 1378 11 , , , 12299 1378 12 any any DT 12299 1378 13 increase increase NN 12299 1378 14 in in IN 12299 1378 15 the the DT 12299 1378 16 amount amount NN 12299 1378 17 of of IN 12299 1378 18 water water NN 12299 1378 19 absorbed absorb VBN 12299 1378 20 merely merely RB 12299 1378 21 fills fill VBZ 12299 1378 22 the the DT 12299 1378 23 cavities cavity NNS 12299 1378 24 and and CC 12299 1378 25 intercellular intercellular JJ 12299 1378 26 spaces space NNS 12299 1378 27 , , , 12299 1378 28 and and CC 12299 1378 29 has have VBZ 12299 1378 30 no no DT 12299 1378 31 effect effect NN 12299 1378 32 on on IN 12299 1378 33 the the DT 12299 1378 34 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1378 35 properties property NNS 12299 1378 36 . . . 12299 1379 1 Hence hence RB 12299 1379 2 , , , 12299 1379 3 soaking soak VBG 12299 1379 4 green green JJ 12299 1379 5 wood wood NN 12299 1379 6 does do VBZ 12299 1379 7 not not RB 12299 1379 8 lessen lessen VB 12299 1379 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1379 10 strength strength NN 12299 1379 11 unless unless IN 12299 1379 12 the the DT 12299 1379 13 water water NN 12299 1379 14 is be VBZ 12299 1379 15 heated heat VBN 12299 1379 16 , , , 12299 1379 17 whereupon whereupon IN 12299 1379 18 a a DT 12299 1379 19 decided decide VBN 12299 1379 20 weakening weakening NN 12299 1379 21 results result NNS 12299 1379 22 . . . 12299 1380 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1380 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1380 3 49 49 CD 12299 1380 4 : : : 12299 1380 5 The the DT 12299 1380 6 wood wood NN 12299 1380 7 of of IN 12299 1380 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1380 9 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus NNP 12299 1380 10 globulus globulus JJ 12299 1380 11 _ _ NNP 12299 1380 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1380 13 blue blue JJ 12299 1380 14 gum gum NN 12299 1380 15 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1380 16 appears appear VBZ 12299 1380 17 to to TO 12299 1380 18 be be VB 12299 1380 19 an an DT 12299 1380 20 exception exception NN 12299 1380 21 to to IN 12299 1380 22 this this DT 12299 1380 23 rule rule NN 12299 1380 24 . . . 12299 1381 1 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 1381 2 says say VBZ 12299 1381 3 : : : 12299 1381 4 " " `` 12299 1381 5 The the DT 12299 1381 6 wood wood NN 12299 1381 7 of of IN 12299 1381 8 blue blue JJ 12299 1381 9 gum gum NN 12299 1381 10 begins begin VBZ 12299 1381 11 to to TO 12299 1381 12 shrink shrink VB 12299 1381 13 immediately immediately RB 12299 1381 14 from from IN 12299 1381 15 the the DT 12299 1381 16 green green JJ 12299 1381 17 condition condition NN 12299 1381 18 , , , 12299 1381 19 even even RB 12299 1381 20 at at IN 12299 1381 21 70 70 CD 12299 1381 22 to to TO 12299 1381 23 90 90 CD 12299 1381 24 per per NN 12299 1381 25 cent cent NN 12299 1381 26 moisture moisture NN 12299 1381 27 content content NN 12299 1381 28 , , , 12299 1381 29 instead instead RB 12299 1381 30 of of IN 12299 1381 31 from from IN 12299 1381 32 30 30 CD 12299 1381 33 or or CC 12299 1381 34 25 25 CD 12299 1381 35 per per NN 12299 1381 36 cent cent NN 12299 1381 37 as as IN 12299 1381 38 in in IN 12299 1381 39 other other JJ 12299 1381 40 species specie NNS 12299 1381 41 of of IN 12299 1381 42 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 1381 43 . . . 12299 1381 44 " " '' 12299 1382 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 1382 2 . . . 12299 1383 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 1383 2 . . . 12299 1384 1 Am Am NNP 12299 1384 2 . . . 12299 1385 1 For for IN 12299 1385 2 . . NNP 12299 1385 3 , , , 12299 1385 4 Washington Washington NNP 12299 1385 5 , , , 12299 1385 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 1385 7 . . . 12299 1386 1 VIII VIII NNP 12299 1386 2 , , , 12299 1386 3 No no UH 12299 1386 4 . . . 12299 1387 1 3 3 LS 12299 1387 2 , , , 12299 1387 3 Oct. October NNP 12299 1387 4 , , , 12299 1387 5 1913 1913 CD 12299 1387 6 , , , 12299 1387 7 p. p. NN 12299 1388 1 313 313 CD 12299 1388 2 . . . 12299 1388 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1389 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1389 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1389 3 : : : 12299 1389 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1389 5 . . . 12299 1390 1 24.--Relation 24.--relation CD 12299 1390 2 of of IN 12299 1390 3 the the DT 12299 1390 4 moisture moisture NN 12299 1390 5 content content NN 12299 1390 6 to to IN 12299 1390 7 the the DT 12299 1390 8 various various JJ 12299 1390 9 strength strength NN 12299 1390 10 values value NNS 12299 1390 11 of of IN 12299 1390 12 spruce spruce NN 12299 1390 13 . . . 12299 1391 1 FSP FSP NNP 12299 1391 2 = = SYM 12299 1391 3 fibre fibre NN 12299 1391 4 - - HYPH 12299 1391 5 saturation saturation NN 12299 1391 6 point point NN 12299 1391 7 . . . 12299 1391 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1392 1 The the DT 12299 1392 2 strengthening strengthen VBG 12299 1392 3 effects effect NNS 12299 1392 4 of of IN 12299 1392 5 drying drying NN 12299 1392 6 , , , 12299 1392 7 while while IN 12299 1392 8 very very RB 12299 1392 9 marked marked JJ 12299 1392 10 in in IN 12299 1392 11 the the DT 12299 1392 12 case case NN 12299 1392 13 of of IN 12299 1392 14 small small JJ 12299 1392 15 pieces piece NNS 12299 1392 16 , , , 12299 1392 17 may may MD 12299 1392 18 be be VB 12299 1392 19 fully fully RB 12299 1392 20 offset offset VBN 12299 1392 21 in in IN 12299 1392 22 structural structural JJ 12299 1392 23 timbers timber NNS 12299 1392 24 by by IN 12299 1392 25 inherent inherent JJ 12299 1392 26 weakening weakening NN 12299 1392 27 effects effect NNS 12299 1392 28 due due IN 12299 1392 29 to to IN 12299 1392 30 the the DT 12299 1392 31 splitting splitting NN 12299 1392 32 apart apart RB 12299 1392 33 of of IN 12299 1392 34 the the DT 12299 1392 35 wood wood NN 12299 1392 36 elements element NNS 12299 1392 37 as as IN 12299 1392 38 a a DT 12299 1392 39 result result NN 12299 1392 40 of of IN 12299 1392 41 irregular irregular JJ 12299 1392 42 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1392 43 , , , 12299 1392 44 and and CC 12299 1392 45 in in IN 12299 1392 46 some some DT 12299 1392 47 cases case NNS 12299 1392 48 also also RB 12299 1392 49 to to IN 12299 1392 50 the the DT 12299 1392 51 slitting slitting NN 12299 1392 52 of of IN 12299 1392 53 the the DT 12299 1392 54 cell cell NN 12299 1392 55 walls wall NNS 12299 1392 56 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1392 57 see see VB 12299 1392 58 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1392 59 . . . 12299 1393 1 25 25 CD 12299 1393 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1393 3 . . . 12299 1394 1 Consequently consequently RB 12299 1394 2 with with IN 12299 1394 3 large large JJ 12299 1394 4 timbers timber NNS 12299 1394 5 in in IN 12299 1394 6 commercial commercial JJ 12299 1394 7 use use NN 12299 1394 8 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1394 9 is be VBZ 12299 1394 10 unsafe unsafe JJ 12299 1394 11 to to TO 12299 1394 12 count count VB 12299 1394 13 upon upon IN 12299 1394 14 any any DT 12299 1394 15 greater great JJR 12299 1394 16 strength strength NN 12299 1394 17 , , , 12299 1394 18 even even RB 12299 1394 19 after after IN 12299 1394 20 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 1394 21 , , , 12299 1394 22 than than IN 12299 1394 23 that that DT 12299 1394 24 of of IN 12299 1394 25 the the DT 12299 1394 26 green green JJ 12299 1394 27 or or CC 12299 1394 28 fresh fresh JJ 12299 1394 29 condition condition NN 12299 1394 30 . . . 12299 1395 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1395 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1395 3 : : : 12299 1395 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1395 5 . . . 12299 1396 1 25.--Cross 25.--cross CD 12299 1396 2 section section NN 12299 1396 3 of of IN 12299 1396 4 the the DT 12299 1396 5 wood wood NN 12299 1396 6 of of IN 12299 1396 7 western western JJ 12299 1396 8 larch larch NN 12299 1396 9 showing show VBG 12299 1396 10 fissures fissure NNS 12299 1396 11 in in IN 12299 1396 12 the the DT 12299 1396 13 thick thick JJ 12299 1396 14 - - HYPH 12299 1396 15 walled walled JJ 12299 1396 16 cells cell NNS 12299 1396 17 of of IN 12299 1396 18 the the DT 12299 1396 19 late late JJ 12299 1396 20 wood wood NN 12299 1396 21 . . . 12299 1397 1 Highly highly RB 12299 1397 2 magnified magnify VBN 12299 1397 3 . . . 12299 1398 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1398 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 1398 3 by by IN 12299 1398 4 U. U. NNP 12299 1398 5 S. S. NNP 12299 1398 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1398 7 Service Service NNP 12299 1398 8 . . . 12299 1398 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1398 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1398 11 In in IN 12299 1398 12 green green JJ 12299 1398 13 wood wood NN 12299 1398 14 the the DT 12299 1398 15 cells cell NNS 12299 1398 16 are be VBP 12299 1398 17 all all DT 12299 1398 18 intimately intimately RB 12299 1398 19 joined join VBN 12299 1398 20 together together RB 12299 1398 21 and and CC 12299 1398 22 are be VBP 12299 1398 23 at at IN 12299 1398 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1398 25 natural natural JJ 12299 1398 26 or or CC 12299 1398 27 normal normal JJ 12299 1398 28 size size NN 12299 1398 29 when when WRB 12299 1398 30 saturated saturate VBN 12299 1398 31 with with IN 12299 1398 32 water water NN 12299 1398 33 . . . 12299 1399 1 The the DT 12299 1399 2 cell cell NN 12299 1399 3 walls wall NNS 12299 1399 4 may may MD 12299 1399 5 be be VB 12299 1399 6 considered consider VBN 12299 1399 7 as as IN 12299 1399 8 made make VBN 12299 1399 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thin JJR 12299 1401 9 with with IN 12299 1401 10 loss loss NN 12299 1401 11 of of IN 12299 1401 12 moisture,--in moisture,--in NN 12299 1401 13 other other JJ 12299 1401 14 words word NNS 12299 1401 15 , , , 12299 1401 16 the the DT 12299 1401 17 cell cell NN 12299 1401 18 shrinks shrink NNS 12299 1401 19 . . . 12299 1402 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1402 2 is be VBZ 12299 1402 3 at at IN 12299 1402 4 once once RB 12299 1402 5 evident evident JJ 12299 1402 6 that that IN 12299 1402 7 if if IN 12299 1402 8 drying drying NN 12299 1402 9 does do VBZ 12299 1402 10 not not RB 12299 1402 11 take take VB 12299 1402 12 place place NN 12299 1402 13 uniformly uniformly RB 12299 1402 14 throughout throughout IN 12299 1402 15 an an DT 12299 1402 16 entire entire JJ 12299 1402 17 piece piece NN 12299 1402 18 of of IN 12299 1402 19 timber timber NN 12299 1402 20 , , , 12299 1402 21 the the DT 12299 1402 22 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1402 23 as as IN 12299 1402 24 a a DT 12299 1402 25 whole whole NN 12299 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12299 1403 34 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1403 35 , , , 12299 1403 36 so so RB 12299 1403 37 far far RB 12299 1403 38 as as IN 12299 1403 39 the the DT 12299 1403 40 degree degree NN 12299 1403 41 of of IN 12299 1403 42 moisture moisture NN 12299 1403 43 affected affect VBD 12299 1403 44 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1403 45 , , , 12299 1403 46 would would MD 12299 1403 47 be be VB 12299 1403 48 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1403 49 . . . 12299 1404 1 In in IN 12299 1404 2 the the DT 12299 1404 3 best good JJS 12299 1404 4 type type NN 12299 1404 5 of of IN 12299 1404 6 dry dry JJ 12299 1404 7 kilns kiln NNS 12299 1404 8 this this DT 12299 1404 9 condition condition NN 12299 1404 10 is be VBZ 12299 1404 11 approximated approximate VBN 12299 1404 12 by by IN 12299 1404 13 first first RB 12299 1404 14 heating heat VBG 12299 1404 15 the the DT 12299 1404 16 wood wood NN 12299 1404 17 thoroughly thoroughly RB 12299 1404 18 in in IN 12299 1404 19 a a DT 12299 1404 20 moist moist JJ 12299 1404 21 atmosphere atmosphere NN 12299 1404 22 before before IN 12299 1404 23 allowing allow VBG 12299 1404 24 drying dry VBG 12299 1404 25 to to TO 12299 1404 26 begin begin VB 12299 1404 27 . . . 12299 1405 1 In in IN 12299 1405 2 air air NN 12299 1405 3 - - HYPH 12299 1405 4 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 1405 5 and and CC 12299 1405 6 in in IN 12299 1405 7 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1405 8 dry dry JJ 12299 1405 9 kilns kiln NNS 12299 1405 10 this this DT 12299 1405 11 condition condition NN 12299 1405 12 too too RB 12299 1405 13 often often RB 12299 1405 14 is be VBZ 12299 1405 15 not not RB 12299 1405 16 attained attain VBN 12299 1405 17 , , , 12299 1405 18 and and CC 12299 1405 19 the the DT 12299 1405 20 result result NN 12299 1405 21 is be VBZ 12299 1405 22 that that IN 12299 1405 23 a a DT 12299 1405 24 dry dry JJ 12299 1405 25 shell shell NN 12299 1405 26 is be VBZ 12299 1405 27 formed form VBN 12299 1405 28 which which WDT 12299 1405 29 encloses enclose VBZ 12299 1405 30 a a DT 12299 1405 31 moist moist JJ 12299 1405 32 interior interior NN 12299 1405 33 . . . 12299 1406 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1406 2 See see VB 12299 1406 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1406 4 . . . 12299 1407 1 26 26 CD 12299 1407 2 . . . 12299 1407 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1408 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 1408 2 drying drying NN 12299 1408 3 out out IN 12299 1408 4 of of IN 12299 1408 5 the the DT 12299 1408 6 inner inner JJ 12299 1408 7 portion portion NN 12299 1408 8 is be VBZ 12299 1408 9 rendered render VBN 12299 1408 10 more more RBR 12299 1408 11 difficult difficult JJ 12299 1408 12 by by IN 12299 1408 13 this this DT 12299 1408 14 " " `` 12299 1408 15 case case NN 12299 1408 16 - - HYPH 12299 1408 17 hardened harden VBN 12299 1408 18 " " '' 12299 1408 19 condition condition NN 12299 1408 20 . . . 12299 1409 1 As as IN 12299 1409 2 the the DT 12299 1409 3 outer outer JJ 12299 1409 4 part part NN 12299 1409 5 dries dry VBZ 12299 1409 6 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1409 7 is be VBZ 12299 1409 8 prevented prevent VBN 12299 1409 9 from from IN 12299 1409 10 shrinking shrink VBG 12299 1409 11 by by IN 12299 1409 12 the the DT 12299 1409 13 wet wet JJ 12299 1409 14 interior interior NN 12299 1409 15 , , , 12299 1409 16 which which WDT 12299 1409 17 is be VBZ 12299 1409 18 still still RB 12299 1409 19 at at IN 12299 1409 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1409 21 greatest great JJS 12299 1409 22 volume volume NN 12299 1409 23 . . . 12299 1410 1 This this DT 12299 1410 2 outer outer JJ 12299 1410 3 portion portion NN 12299 1410 4 must must MD 12299 1410 5 either either CC 12299 1410 6 check check VB 12299 1410 7 open open RB 12299 1410 8 or or CC 12299 1410 9 the the DT 12299 1410 10 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1410 11 become become VBP 12299 1410 12 strained strained JJ 12299 1410 13 in in IN 12299 1410 14 tension tension NN 12299 1410 15 . . . 12299 1411 1 If if IN 12299 1411 2 this this DT 12299 1411 3 outer outer JJ 12299 1411 4 shell shell NN 12299 1411 5 dries dry NNS 12299 1411 6 while while IN 12299 1411 7 the the DT 12299 1411 8 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1411 9 are be VBP 12299 1411 10 thus thus RB 12299 1411 11 strained strain VBN 12299 1411 12 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1411 13 become become VBP 12299 1411 14 " " `` 12299 1411 15 set set VBN 12299 1411 16 " " '' 12299 1411 17 in in IN 12299 1411 18 this this DT 12299 1411 19 condition condition NN 12299 1411 20 , , , 12299 1411 21 and and CC 12299 1411 22 are be VBP 12299 1411 23 no no RB 12299 1411 24 longer long RBR 12299 1411 25 in in IN 12299 1411 26 tension tension NN 12299 1411 27 . . . 12299 1412 1 Later later RB 12299 1412 2 when when WRB 12299 1412 3 the the DT 12299 1412 4 inner inner JJ 12299 1412 5 part part NN 12299 1412 6 dries dry NNS 12299 1412 7 , , , 12299 1412 8 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1412 9 tends tend VBZ 12299 1412 10 to to TO 12299 1412 11 shrink shrink VB 12299 1412 12 away away RB 12299 1412 13 from from IN 12299 1412 14 the the DT 12299 1412 15 hardened hardened JJ 12299 1412 16 outer outer JJ 12299 1412 17 shell shell NN 12299 1412 18 , , , 12299 1412 19 so so IN 12299 1412 20 that that IN 12299 1412 21 the the DT 12299 1412 22 inner inner JJ 12299 1412 23 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1412 24 are be VBP 12299 1412 25 now now RB 12299 1412 26 strained strain VBN 12299 1412 27 in in IN 12299 1412 28 tension tension NN 12299 1412 29 and and CC 12299 1412 30 the the DT 12299 1412 31 outer outer JJ 12299 1412 32 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1412 33 are be VBP 12299 1412 34 in in IN 12299 1412 35 compression compression NN 12299 1412 36 . . . 12299 1413 1 If if IN 12299 1413 2 the the DT 12299 1413 3 stress stress NN 12299 1413 4 exceeds exceed VBZ 12299 1413 5 the the DT 12299 1413 6 cohesion cohesion NN 12299 1413 7 , , , 12299 1413 8 numerous numerous JJ 12299 1413 9 cracks crack NNS 12299 1413 10 open open VBP 12299 1413 11 up up RP 12299 1413 12 , , , 12299 1413 13 producing produce VBG 12299 1413 14 a a DT 12299 1413 15 " " `` 12299 1413 16 honey honey NN 12299 1413 17 - - HYPH 12299 1413 18 combed comb VBN 12299 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compression compression NN 12299 1414 25 , , , 12299 1414 26 with with IN 12299 1414 27 the the DT 12299 1414 28 concave concave NNP 12299 1414 29 surface surface NN 12299 1414 30 inward inward RB 12299 1414 31 . . . 12299 1415 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1415 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1415 3 : : : 12299 1415 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1415 5 . . . 12299 1416 1 26.--Progress 26.--progress CD 12299 1416 2 of of IN 12299 1416 3 drying dry VBG 12299 1416 4 throughout throughout IN 12299 1416 5 the the DT 12299 1416 6 length length NN 12299 1416 7 of of IN 12299 1416 8 a a DT 12299 1416 9 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 1416 10 beam beam NN 12299 1416 11 , , , 12299 1416 12 the the DT 12299 1416 13 black black JJ 12299 1416 14 spots spot NNS 12299 1416 15 indicating indicate VBG 12299 1416 16 the the DT 12299 1416 17 presence presence NN 12299 1416 18 of of IN 12299 1416 19 free free JJ 12299 1416 20 water water NN 12299 1416 21 in in IN 12299 1416 22 the the DT 12299 1416 23 wood wood NN 12299 1416 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U. NNP 12299 1419 5 S. S. NNP 12299 1419 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1419 7 Service Service NNP 12299 1419 8 . . . 12299 1419 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1419 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1419 11 For for IN 12299 1419 12 a a DT 12299 1419 13 given give VBN 12299 1419 14 surface surface NN 12299 1419 15 area area NN 12299 1419 16 the the DT 12299 1419 17 loss loss NN 12299 1419 18 of of IN 12299 1419 19 water water NN 12299 1419 20 from from IN 12299 1419 21 wood wood NN 12299 1419 22 is be VBZ 12299 1419 23 always always RB 12299 1419 24 greater great JJR 12299 1419 25 from from IN 12299 1419 26 the the DT 12299 1419 27 ends end NNS 12299 1419 28 than than IN 12299 1419 29 from from IN 12299 1419 30 the the DT 12299 1419 31 sides side NNS 12299 1419 32 , , , 12299 1419 33 due due IN 12299 1419 34 to to IN 12299 1419 35 the the DT 12299 1419 36 fact fact NN 12299 1419 37 that that IN 12299 1419 38 the the DT 12299 1419 39 vessels vessel NNS 12299 1419 40 and and CC 12299 1419 41 other other JJ 12299 1419 42 water water NN 12299 1419 43 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checking checking NN 12299 1428 4 . . . 12299 1429 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1429 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 1429 3 by by IN 12299 1429 4 U. U. NNP 12299 1429 5 S. S. NNP 12299 1429 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1429 7 Service Service NNP 12299 1429 8 . . . 12299 1429 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1429 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1429 11 A a DT 12299 1429 12 wood wood NN 12299 1429 13 cell cell NN 12299 1429 14 shrinks shrink NNS 12299 1429 15 very very RB 12299 1429 16 little little RB 12299 1429 17 lengthwise lengthwise RB 12299 1429 18 . . . 12299 1430 1 A a DT 12299 1430 2 dry dry JJ 12299 1430 3 wood wood NN 12299 1430 4 cell cell NN 12299 1430 5 is be VBZ 12299 1430 6 , , , 12299 1430 7 therefore therefore RB 12299 1430 8 , , , 12299 1430 9 practically practically RB 12299 1430 10 of of IN 12299 1430 11 the the DT 12299 1430 12 same same JJ 12299 1430 13 length length NN 12299 1430 14 as as IN 12299 1430 15 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1430 16 was be VBD 12299 1430 17 in in IN 12299 1430 18 a a DT 12299 1430 19 green green JJ 12299 1430 20 or or CC 12299 1430 21 saturated saturate VBN 12299 1430 22 condition condition NN 12299 1430 23 , , , 12299 1430 24 but but CC 12299 1430 25 is be VBZ 12299 1430 26 smaller small JJR 12299 1430 27 in in IN 12299 1430 28 cross cross NNP 12299 1430 29 section section NN 12299 1430 30 , , , 12299 1430 31 has have VBZ 12299 1430 32 thinner thin JJR 12299 1430 33 walls wall NNS 12299 1430 34 , , , 12299 1430 35 and and CC 12299 1430 36 a a DT 12299 1430 37 larger large JJR 12299 1430 38 cavity cavity NN 12299 1430 39 . . . 12299 1431 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1431 2 is be VBZ 12299 1431 3 at at IN 12299 1431 4 once once RB 12299 1431 5 evident evident JJ 12299 1431 6 that that IN 12299 1431 7 this this DT 12299 1431 8 fact fact NN 12299 1431 9 makes make VBZ 12299 1431 10 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1431 11 more more RBR 12299 1431 12 irregular irregular JJ 12299 1431 13 , , , 12299 1431 14 for for IN 12299 1431 15 wherever wherever WRB 12299 1431 16 cells cell NNS 12299 1431 17 cross cross VBP 12299 1431 18 each each DT 12299 1431 19 other other JJ 12299 1431 20 at at IN 12299 1431 21 a a DT 12299 1431 22 decided decided JJ 12299 1431 23 angle angle NN 12299 1431 24 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1431 25 will will MD 12299 1431 26 tend tend VB 12299 1431 27 to to TO 12299 1431 28 pull pull VB 12299 1431 29 apart apart RB 12299 1431 30 upon upon IN 12299 1431 31 drying drying NN 12299 1431 32 . . . 12299 1432 1 This this DT 12299 1432 2 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1432 3 wherever wherever WRB 12299 1432 4 pith pith NNP 12299 1432 5 rays ray NNS 12299 1432 6 and and CC 12299 1432 7 wood wood NN 12299 1432 8 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1432 9 meet meet VBP 12299 1432 10 . . . 12299 1433 1 A a DT 12299 1433 2 considerable considerable JJ 12299 1433 3 portion portion NN 12299 1433 4 of of IN 12299 1433 5 every every DT 12299 1433 6 wood wood NN 12299 1433 7 is be VBZ 12299 1433 8 made make VBN 12299 1433 9 up up RP 12299 1433 10 of of IN 12299 1433 11 these these DT 12299 1433 12 rays ray NNS 12299 1433 13 , , , 12299 1433 14 which which WDT 12299 1433 15 for for IN 12299 1433 16 the the DT 12299 1433 17 most most JJS 12299 1433 18 part part NN 12299 1433 19 have have VBP 12299 1433 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1433 21 cells cell NNS 12299 1433 22 lying lie VBG 12299 1433 23 in in IN 12299 1433 24 a a DT 12299 1433 25 radial radial JJ 12299 1433 26 direction direction NN 12299 1433 27 instead instead RB 12299 1433 28 of of IN 12299 1433 29 longitudinally longitudinally RB 12299 1433 30 . . . 12299 1434 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1434 2 See see VB 12299 1434 3 Frontispiece Frontispiece NNP 12299 1434 4 . . . 12299 1434 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1435 1 In in IN 12299 1435 2 pine pine NN 12299 1435 3 , , , 12299 1435 4 over over IN 12299 1435 5 15,000 15,000 CD 12299 1435 6 of of IN 12299 1435 7 these these DT 12299 1435 8 occur occur VBP 12299 1435 9 on on IN 12299 1435 10 a a DT 12299 1435 11 square square JJ 12299 1435 12 inch inch NN 12299 1435 13 of of IN 12299 1435 14 a a DT 12299 1435 15 tangential tangential JJ 12299 1435 16 section section NN 12299 1435 17 , , , 12299 1435 18 and and CC 12299 1435 19 even even RB 12299 1435 20 in in IN 12299 1435 21 oak oak NN 12299 1435 22 the the DT 12299 1435 23 very very RB 12299 1435 24 large large JJ 12299 1435 25 rays ray NNS 12299 1435 26 which which WDT 12299 1435 27 are be VBP 12299 1435 28 readily readily RB 12299 1435 29 visible visible JJ 12299 1435 30 to to IN 12299 1435 31 the the DT 12299 1435 32 eye eye NN 12299 1435 33 as as IN 12299 1435 34 flakes flake NNS 12299 1435 35 on on IN 12299 1435 36 quarter quarter NN 12299 1435 37 - - HYPH 12299 1435 38 sawed saw VBN 12299 1435 39 material material NN 12299 1435 40 represent represent VBP 12299 1435 41 scarcely scarcely RB 12299 1435 42 one one CD 12299 1435 43 per per IN 12299 1435 44 cent cent NN 12299 1435 45 of of IN 12299 1435 46 the the DT 12299 1435 47 number number NN 12299 1435 48 which which WDT 12299 1435 49 the the DT 12299 1435 50 microscope microscope NN 12299 1435 51 reveals reveal VBZ 12299 1435 52 . . . 12299 1436 1 A a DT 12299 1436 2 pith pith NNP 12299 1436 3 ray ray NN 12299 1436 4 shrinks shrink NNS 12299 1436 5 in in IN 12299 1436 6 height height NN 12299 1436 7 and and CC 12299 1436 8 width width NN 12299 1436 9 , , , 12299 1436 10 that that RB 12299 1436 11 is is RB 12299 1436 12 , , , 12299 1436 13 vertically vertically RB 12299 1436 14 and and CC 12299 1436 15 tangentially tangentially RB 12299 1436 16 as as IN 12299 1436 17 applied apply VBN 12299 1436 18 to to IN 12299 1436 19 the the DT 12299 1436 20 position position NN 12299 1436 21 in in IN 12299 1436 22 a a DT 12299 1436 23 standing standing NN 12299 1436 24 tree tree NN 12299 1436 25 , , , 12299 1436 26 but but CC 12299 1436 27 very very RB 12299 1436 28 little little JJ 12299 1436 29 in in IN 12299 1436 30 length length NN 12299 1436 31 or or CC 12299 1436 32 radially radially NN 12299 1436 33 . . . 12299 1437 1 The the DT 12299 1437 2 other other JJ 12299 1437 3 elements element NNS 12299 1437 4 of of IN 12299 1437 5 the the DT 12299 1437 6 wood wood NN 12299 1437 7 shrink shrink NN 12299 1437 8 radially radially NNP 12299 1437 9 and and CC 12299 1437 10 tangentially tangentially RB 12299 1437 11 , , , 12299 1437 12 but but CC 12299 1437 13 almost almost RB 12299 1437 14 none none NN 12299 1437 15 lengthwise lengthwise RB 12299 1437 16 or or CC 12299 1437 17 vertically vertically RB 12299 1437 18 as as IN 12299 1437 19 applied apply VBN 12299 1437 20 to to IN 12299 1437 21 the the DT 12299 1437 22 tree tree NN 12299 1437 23 . . . 12299 1438 1 Here here RB 12299 1438 2 , , , 12299 1438 3 then then RB 12299 1438 4 , , , 12299 1438 5 we -PRON- PRP 12299 1438 6 find find VBP 12299 1438 7 the the DT 12299 1438 8 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1438 9 of of IN 12299 1438 10 the the DT 12299 1438 11 rays ray NNS 12299 1438 12 tending tend VBG 12299 1438 13 to to TO 12299 1438 14 shorten shorten VB 12299 1438 15 a a DT 12299 1438 16 stick stick NN 12299 1438 17 of of IN 12299 1438 18 wood wood NN 12299 1438 19 , , , 12299 1438 20 while while IN 12299 1438 21 the the DT 12299 1438 22 other other JJ 12299 1438 23 cells cell NNS 12299 1438 24 resist resist VBP 12299 1438 25 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1438 26 , , , 12299 1438 27 and and CC 12299 1438 28 the the DT 12299 1438 29 tendency tendency NN 12299 1438 30 of of IN 12299 1438 31 a a DT 12299 1438 32 stick stick NN 12299 1438 33 to to TO 12299 1438 34 get get VB 12299 1438 35 smaller small JJR 12299 1438 36 in in IN 12299 1438 37 circumference circumference NN 12299 1438 38 is be VBZ 12299 1438 39 resisted resist VBN 12299 1438 40 by by IN 12299 1438 41 the the DT 12299 1438 42 endwise endwise NN 12299 1438 43 reaction reaction NN 12299 1438 44 or or CC 12299 1438 45 thrust thrust NN 12299 1438 46 of of IN 12299 1438 47 the the DT 12299 1438 48 rays ray NNS 12299 1438 49 . . . 12299 1439 1 Only only RB 12299 1439 2 in in IN 12299 1439 3 a a DT 12299 1439 4 tangential tangential JJ 12299 1439 5 direction direction NN 12299 1439 6 , , , 12299 1439 7 or or CC 12299 1439 8 around around IN 12299 1439 9 the the DT 12299 1439 10 stick stick NN 12299 1439 11 in in IN 12299 1439 12 direction direction NN 12299 1439 13 of of IN 12299 1439 14 the the DT 12299 1439 15 annual annual JJ 12299 1439 16 rings ring NNS 12299 1439 17 of of IN 12299 1439 18 growth growth NN 12299 1439 19 , , , 12299 1439 20 do do VB 12299 1439 21 the the DT 12299 1439 22 two two CD 12299 1439 23 forces force NNS 12299 1439 24 coincide coincide RB 12299 1439 25 . . . 12299 1440 1 Another another DT 12299 1440 2 factor factor NN 12299 1440 3 to to IN 12299 1440 4 the the DT 12299 1440 5 same same JJ 12299 1440 6 end end NN 12299 1440 7 is be VBZ 12299 1440 8 that that IN 12299 1440 9 the the DT 12299 1440 10 denser denser NN 12299 1440 11 bands band NNS 12299 1440 12 of of IN 12299 1440 13 late late JJ 12299 1440 14 wood wood NN 12299 1440 15 are be VBP 12299 1440 16 continuous continuous JJ 12299 1440 17 in in IN 12299 1440 18 a a DT 12299 1440 19 tangential tangential JJ 12299 1440 20 direction direction NN 12299 1440 21 , , , 12299 1440 22 while while IN 12299 1440 23 radially radially NN 12299 1440 24 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1440 25 are be VBP 12299 1440 26 separated separate VBN 12299 1440 27 by by IN 12299 1440 28 alternate alternate JJ 12299 1440 29 zones zone NNS 12299 1440 30 of of IN 12299 1440 31 less less RBR 12299 1440 32 dense dense JJ 12299 1440 33 early early JJ 12299 1440 34 wood wood NN 12299 1440 35 . . . 12299 1441 1 Consequently consequently RB 12299 1441 2 the the DT 12299 1441 3 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1441 4 along along IN 12299 1441 5 the the DT 12299 1441 6 rings ring NNS 12299 1441 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1441 8 tangential tangential NNP 12299 1441 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1441 10 is be VBZ 12299 1441 11 fully fully RB 12299 1441 12 twice twice PDT 12299 1441 13 as as RB 12299 1441 14 much much JJ 12299 1441 15 as as IN 12299 1441 16 toward toward IN 12299 1441 17 the the DT 12299 1441 18 centre centre NN 12299 1441 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1441 20 radial radial NNP 12299 1441 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1441 22 . . . 12299 1442 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1442 2 See see VB 12299 1442 3 Table Table NNP 12299 1442 4 XIV XIV NNP 12299 1442 5 . . . 12299 1442 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1443 1 This this DT 12299 1443 2 explains explain VBZ 12299 1443 3 why why WRB 12299 1443 4 some some DT 12299 1443 5 cracks crack NNS 12299 1443 6 open open VBP 12299 1443 7 more more RBR 12299 1443 8 and and CC 12299 1443 9 more more RBR 12299 1443 10 as as IN 12299 1443 11 drying drying NN 12299 1443 12 advances advance NNS 12299 1443 13 . . . 12299 1444 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1444 2 See see VB 12299 1444 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1444 4 . . . 12299 1445 1 27 27 CD 12299 1445 2 . . . 12299 1445 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1446 1 Although although IN 12299 1446 2 actual actual JJ 12299 1446 3 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1446 4 in in IN 12299 1446 5 length length NN 12299 1446 6 is be VBZ 12299 1446 7 small small JJ 12299 1446 8 , , , 12299 1446 9 nevertheless nevertheless RB 12299 1446 10 the the DT 12299 1446 11 tendency tendency NN 12299 1446 12 of of IN 12299 1446 13 the the DT 12299 1446 14 rays ray NNS 12299 1446 15 to to TO 12299 1446 16 shorten shorten VB 12299 1446 17 a a DT 12299 1446 18 stick stick NN 12299 1446 19 produces produce VBZ 12299 1446 20 strains strain NNS 12299 1446 21 which which WDT 12299 1446 22 are be VBP 12299 1446 23 responsible responsible JJ 12299 1446 24 for for IN 12299 1446 25 some some DT 12299 1446 26 of of IN 12299 1446 27 the the DT 12299 1446 28 splitting splitting NN 12299 1446 29 open open NN 12299 1446 30 of of IN 12299 1446 31 ties tie NNS 12299 1446 32 , , , 12299 1446 33 posts post NNS 12299 1446 34 , , , 12299 1446 35 and and CC 12299 1446 36 sawed saw VBD 12299 1446 37 timbers timber NNS 12299 1446 38 with with IN 12299 1446 39 box box NN 12299 1446 40 heart heart NN 12299 1446 41 . . . 12299 1447 1 At at IN 12299 1447 2 the the DT 12299 1447 3 very very RB 12299 1447 4 centre centre NN 12299 1447 5 of of IN 12299 1447 6 a a DT 12299 1447 7 tree tree NN 12299 1447 8 the the DT 12299 1447 9 wood wood NN 12299 1447 10 is be VBZ 12299 1447 11 light light JJ 12299 1447 12 and and CC 12299 1447 13 weak weak JJ 12299 1447 14 , , , 12299 1447 15 while while IN 12299 1447 16 farther farther RB 12299 1447 17 out out RP 12299 1447 18 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1447 19 becomes become VBZ 12299 1447 20 denser denser NN 12299 1447 21 and and CC 12299 1447 22 stronger strong JJR 12299 1447 23 . . . 12299 1448 1 Longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 1448 2 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1448 3 is be VBZ 12299 1448 4 accordingly accordingly RB 12299 1448 5 least least JJS 12299 1448 6 at at IN 12299 1448 7 the the DT 12299 1448 8 centre centre NN 12299 1448 9 and and CC 12299 1448 10 greater great JJR 12299 1448 11 toward toward IN 12299 1448 12 the the DT 12299 1448 13 outside outside NN 12299 1448 14 , , , 12299 1448 15 tending tend VBG 12299 1448 16 to to TO 12299 1448 17 become become VB 12299 1448 18 greatest great JJS 12299 1448 19 in in IN 12299 1448 20 the the DT 12299 1448 21 sapwood sapwood NN 12299 1448 22 . . . 12299 1449 1 When when WRB 12299 1449 2 a a DT 12299 1449 3 round round NN 12299 1449 4 or or CC 12299 1449 5 a a DT 12299 1449 6 box box NN 12299 1449 7 - - HYPH 12299 1449 8 heart heart NN 12299 1449 9 timber timber NN 12299 1449 10 dries dry NNS 12299 1449 11 fast fast VBP 12299 1449 12 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1449 13 splits split VBZ 12299 1449 14 radially radially NNP 12299 1449 15 , , , 12299 1449 16 and and CC 12299 1449 17 as as IN 12299 1449 18 drying drying NN 12299 1449 19 continues continue VBZ 12299 1449 20 the the DT 12299 1449 21 cleft cleft JJ 12299 1449 22 widens widen VBZ 12299 1449 23 partly partly RB 12299 1449 24 on on IN 12299 1449 25 account account NN 12299 1449 26 of of IN 12299 1449 27 the the DT 12299 1449 28 greater great JJR 12299 1449 29 tangential tangential JJ 12299 1449 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1449 31 and and CC 12299 1449 32 also also RB 12299 1449 33 because because IN 12299 1449 34 the the DT 12299 1449 35 greater great JJR 12299 1449 36 contraction contraction NN 12299 1449 37 of of IN 12299 1449 38 the the DT 12299 1449 39 outer outer JJ 12299 1449 40 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1449 41 warps warp VBZ 12299 1449 42 the the DT 12299 1449 43 sections section NNS 12299 1449 44 apart apart RB 12299 1449 45 . . . 12299 1450 1 If if IN 12299 1450 2 a a DT 12299 1450 3 small small JJ 12299 1450 4 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 1450 5 stem stem NN 12299 1450 6 is be VBZ 12299 1450 7 split split VBN 12299 1450 8 while while IN 12299 1450 9 green green JJ 12299 1450 10 for for IN 12299 1450 11 a a DT 12299 1450 12 short short JJ 12299 1450 13 distance distance NN 12299 1450 14 at at IN 12299 1450 15 the the DT 12299 1450 16 end end NN 12299 1450 17 and and CC 12299 1450 18 placed place VBN 12299 1450 19 where where WRB 12299 1450 20 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1450 21 can can MD 12299 1450 22 dry dry VB 12299 1450 23 out out RP 12299 1450 24 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1450 25 , , , 12299 1450 26 the the DT 12299 1450 27 sections section NNS 12299 1450 28 will will MD 12299 1450 29 become become VB 12299 1450 30 bow bow NN 12299 1450 31 - - HYPH 12299 1450 32 shaped shaped JJ 12299 1450 33 with with IN 12299 1450 34 the the DT 12299 1450 35 concave concave NNP 12299 1450 36 sides side VBZ 12299 1450 37 out out RP 12299 1450 38 . . . 12299 1451 1 These these DT 12299 1451 2 various various JJ 12299 1451 3 facts fact NNS 12299 1451 4 , , , 12299 1451 5 taken take VBN 12299 1451 6 together together RB 12299 1451 7 , , , 12299 1451 8 explain explain VBP 12299 1451 9 why why WRB 12299 1451 10 , , , 12299 1451 11 for for IN 12299 1451 12 example example NN 12299 1451 13 , , , 12299 1451 14 an an DT 12299 1451 15 oak oak NN 12299 1451 16 tie tie NN 12299 1451 17 , , , 12299 1451 18 pole pole NN 12299 1451 19 , , , 12299 1451 20 or or CC 12299 1451 21 log log NN 12299 1451 22 may may MD 12299 1451 23 split split VB 12299 1451 24 open open JJ 12299 1451 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1451 26 entire entire JJ 12299 1451 27 length length NN 12299 1451 28 if if IN 12299 1451 29 drying drying NN 12299 1451 30 proceeds proceed NNS 12299 1451 31 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1451 32 and and CC 12299 1451 33 far far RB 12299 1451 34 enough enough RB 12299 1451 35 . . . 12299 1452 1 Initial initial JJ 12299 1452 2 stresses stress NNS 12299 1452 3 in in IN 12299 1452 4 the the DT 12299 1452 5 living living NN 12299 1452 6 trees tree NNS 12299 1452 7 produce produce VBP 12299 1452 8 a a DT 12299 1452 9 similar similar JJ 12299 1452 10 effect effect NN 12299 1452 11 when when WRB 12299 1452 12 the the DT 12299 1452 13 log log NN 12299 1452 14 is be VBZ 12299 1452 15 sawn saw VBN 12299 1452 16 into into IN 12299 1452 17 boards board NNS 12299 1452 18 . . . 12299 1453 1 This this DT 12299 1453 2 is be VBZ 12299 1453 3 especially especially RB 12299 1453 4 so so RB 12299 1453 5 in in IN 12299 1453 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1453 7 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus NNP 12299 1453 8 globulus globulus JJ 12299 1453 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1453 10 and and CC 12299 1453 11 to to IN 12299 1453 12 a a DT 12299 1453 13 less less JJR 12299 1453 14 extent extent NN 12299 1453 15 with with IN 12299 1453 16 any any DT 12299 1453 17 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1453 18 grown grow VBN 12299 1453 19 wood wood NN 12299 1453 20 . . . 12299 1454 1 The the DT 12299 1454 2 use use NN 12299 1454 3 of of IN 12299 1454 4 S S NNP 12299 1454 5 - - HYPH 12299 1454 6 shaped shape VBN 12299 1454 7 thin thin JJ 12299 1454 8 steel steel NN 12299 1454 9 clamps clamp NNS 12299 1454 10 to to TO 12299 1454 11 prevent prevent VB 12299 1454 12 large large JJ 12299 1454 13 checks check NNS 12299 1454 14 and and CC 12299 1454 15 splits split NNS 12299 1454 16 is be VBZ 12299 1454 17 now now RB 12299 1454 18 a a DT 12299 1454 19 common common JJ 12299 1454 20 practice practice NN 12299 1454 21 in in IN 12299 1454 22 this this DT 12299 1454 23 country country NN 12299 1454 24 with with IN 12299 1454 25 crossties crosstie NNS 12299 1454 26 and and CC 12299 1454 27 poles pole NNS 12299 1454 28 as as IN 12299 1454 29 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1454 30 has have VBZ 12299 1454 31 been be VBN 12299 1454 32 for for IN 12299 1454 33 a a DT 12299 1454 34 long long JJ 12299 1454 35 time time NN 12299 1454 36 in in IN 12299 1454 37 European european JJ 12299 1454 38 countries country NNS 12299 1454 39 . . . 12299 1455 1 These these DT 12299 1455 2 devices device NNS 12299 1455 3 are be VBP 12299 1455 4 driven drive VBN 12299 1455 5 into into IN 12299 1455 6 the the DT 12299 1455 7 butts butts NN 12299 1455 8 of of IN 12299 1455 9 the the DT 12299 1455 10 timbers timber NNS 12299 1455 11 so so IN 12299 1455 12 as as IN 12299 1455 13 to to TO 12299 1455 14 cross cross VB 12299 1455 15 incipient incipient JJ 12299 1455 16 checks check NNS 12299 1455 17 and and CC 12299 1455 18 prevent prevent VB 12299 1455 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1455 20 widening widening NN 12299 1455 21 . . . 12299 1456 1 In in IN 12299 1456 2 place place NN 12299 1456 3 of of IN 12299 1456 4 the the DT 12299 1456 5 regular regular JJ 12299 1456 6 S S NNP 12299 1456 7 - - HYPH 12299 1456 8 hook hook NN 12299 1456 9 another another DT 12299 1456 10 of of IN 12299 1456 11 crimped crimp VBN 12299 1456 12 iron iron NN 12299 1456 13 has have VBZ 12299 1456 14 been be VBN 12299 1456 15 devised devise VBN 12299 1456 16 . . . 12299 1457 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1457 2 See see VB 12299 1457 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1457 4 . . . 12299 1458 1 28 28 CD 12299 1458 2 . . . 12299 1458 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1459 1 Thin thin JJ 12299 1459 2 straps strap NNS 12299 1459 3 of of IN 12299 1459 4 iron iron NN 12299 1459 5 with with IN 12299 1459 6 one one CD 12299 1459 7 tapered tapered JJ 12299 1459 8 edge edge NN 12299 1459 9 are be VBP 12299 1459 10 run run VBN 12299 1459 11 between between IN 12299 1459 12 intermeshing intermeshe VBG 12299 1459 13 cogs cog NNS 12299 1459 14 and and CC 12299 1459 15 crimped crimp VBD 12299 1459 16 , , , 12299 1459 17 after after IN 12299 1459 18 which which WDT 12299 1459 19 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1459 20 may may MD 12299 1459 21 be be VB 12299 1459 22 cut cut VBN 12299 1459 23 off off RP 12299 1459 24 any any DT 12299 1459 25 length length NN 12299 1459 26 desired desire VBN 12299 1459 27 . . . 12299 1460 1 The the DT 12299 1460 2 time time NN 12299 1460 3 for for IN 12299 1460 4 driving drive VBG 12299 1460 5 S s NN 12299 1460 6 - - HYPH 12299 1460 7 irons iron NNS 12299 1460 8 of of IN 12299 1460 9 either either DT 12299 1460 10 form form NN 12299 1460 11 is be VBZ 12299 1460 12 when when WRB 12299 1460 13 the the DT 12299 1460 14 cracks crack NNS 12299 1460 15 first first RB 12299 1460 16 appear appear VBP 12299 1460 17 . . . 12299 1461 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1461 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1461 3 : : : 12299 1461 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1461 5 . . . 12299 1462 1 28.--Control 28.--control CD 12299 1462 2 of of IN 12299 1462 3 season season NN 12299 1462 4 checking check VBG 12299 1462 5 by by IN 12299 1462 6 the the DT 12299 1462 7 use use NN 12299 1462 8 of of IN 12299 1462 9 S s NN 12299 1462 10 - - HYPH 12299 1462 11 irons iron NNS 12299 1462 12 . . . 12299 1463 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1463 2 Photo Photo NNP 12299 1463 3 by by IN 12299 1463 4 U. U. NNP 12299 1463 5 S. S. NNP 12299 1463 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1463 7 Service Service NNP 12299 1463 8 . . . 12299 1463 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1463 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1463 11 The the DT 12299 1463 12 tendency tendency NN 12299 1463 13 of of IN 12299 1463 14 logs log NNS 12299 1463 15 to to TO 12299 1463 16 split split VB 12299 1463 17 emphasizes emphasize VBZ 12299 1463 18 the the DT 12299 1463 19 importance importance NN 12299 1463 20 of of IN 12299 1463 21 converting convert VBG 12299 1463 22 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1463 23 into into IN 12299 1463 24 planks plank NNS 12299 1463 25 or or CC 12299 1463 26 timbers timber NNS 12299 1463 27 while while IN 12299 1463 28 in in IN 12299 1463 29 a a DT 12299 1463 30 green green JJ 12299 1463 31 condition condition NN 12299 1463 32 . . . 12299 1464 1 Otherwise otherwise RB 12299 1464 2 the the DT 12299 1464 3 presence presence NN 12299 1464 4 of of IN 12299 1464 5 large large JJ 12299 1464 6 checks check NNS 12299 1464 7 may may MD 12299 1464 8 render render VB 12299 1464 9 much much JJ 12299 1464 10 lumber lumber NN 12299 1464 11 worthless worthless NN 12299 1464 12 which which WDT 12299 1464 13 might may MD 12299 1464 14 have have VB 12299 1464 15 been be VBN 12299 1464 16 cut cut VBN 12299 1464 17 out out RP 12299 1464 18 in in IN 12299 1464 19 good good JJ 12299 1464 20 condition condition NN 12299 1464 21 . . . 12299 1465 1 The the DT 12299 1465 2 loss loss NN 12299 1465 3 would would MD 12299 1465 4 not not RB 12299 1465 5 be be VB 12299 1465 6 so so RB 12299 1465 7 great great JJ 12299 1465 8 if if IN 12299 1465 9 logs log NNS 12299 1465 10 were be VBD 12299 1465 11 perfectly perfectly RB 12299 1465 12 straight straight RB 12299 1465 13 - - HYPH 12299 1465 14 grained grain VBN 12299 1465 15 , , , 12299 1465 16 but but CC 12299 1465 17 this this DT 12299 1465 18 is be VBZ 12299 1465 19 seldom seldom RB 12299 1465 20 the the DT 12299 1465 21 case case NN 12299 1465 22 , , , 12299 1465 23 most most JJS 12299 1465 24 trees tree NNS 12299 1465 25 growing grow VBG 12299 1465 26 more more RBR 12299 1465 27 or or CC 12299 1465 28 less less RBR 12299 1465 29 spirally spirally RB 12299 1465 30 or or CC 12299 1465 31 irregularly irregularly RB 12299 1465 32 . . . 12299 1466 1 Large large JJ 12299 1466 2 pieces piece NNS 12299 1466 3 crack crack VBP 12299 1466 4 more more JJR 12299 1466 5 than than IN 12299 1466 6 smaller small JJR 12299 1466 7 ones one NNS 12299 1466 8 , , , 12299 1466 9 quartered quarter VBN 12299 1466 10 lumber lumber NN 12299 1466 11 less less JJR 12299 1466 12 than than IN 12299 1466 13 that that DT 12299 1466 14 sawed saw VBD 12299 1466 15 through through IN 12299 1466 16 and and CC 12299 1466 17 through through IN 12299 1466 18 , , , 12299 1466 19 thin thin JJ 12299 1466 20 pieces piece NNS 12299 1466 21 , , , 12299 1466 22 especially especially RB 12299 1466 23 veneers veneer NNS 12299 1466 24 , , , 12299 1466 25 less less JJR 12299 1466 26 than than IN 12299 1466 27 thicker thick JJR 12299 1466 28 boards board NNS 12299 1466 29 . . . 12299 1467 1 In in IN 12299 1467 2 order order NN 12299 1467 3 to to TO 12299 1467 4 prevent prevent VB 12299 1467 5 cracks crack NNS 12299 1467 6 at at IN 12299 1467 7 the the DT 12299 1467 8 ends end NNS 12299 1467 9 of of IN 12299 1467 10 boards board NNS 12299 1467 11 , , , 12299 1467 12 small small JJ 12299 1467 13 straps strap NNS 12299 1467 14 of of IN 12299 1467 15 wood wood NN 12299 1467 16 may may MD 12299 1467 17 be be VB 12299 1467 18 nailed nail VBN 12299 1467 19 on on IN 12299 1467 20 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1467 21 or or CC 12299 1467 22 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1467 23 may may MD 12299 1467 24 be be VB 12299 1467 25 painted paint VBN 12299 1467 26 . . . 12299 1468 1 This this DT 12299 1468 2 method method NN 12299 1468 3 is be VBZ 12299 1468 4 usually usually RB 12299 1468 5 considered consider VBN 12299 1468 6 too too RB 12299 1468 7 expensive expensive JJ 12299 1468 8 , , , 12299 1468 9 except except IN 12299 1468 10 in in IN 12299 1468 11 the the DT 12299 1468 12 case case NN 12299 1468 13 of of IN 12299 1468 14 valuable valuable JJ 12299 1468 15 material material NN 12299 1468 16 . . . 12299 1469 1 Squares square NNS 12299 1469 2 used use VBN 12299 1469 3 for for IN 12299 1469 4 shuttles shuttle NNS 12299 1469 5 , , , 12299 1469 6 furniture furniture NN 12299 1469 7 , , , 12299 1469 8 gun gun NN 12299 1469 9 - - HYPH 12299 1469 10 stocks stock NNS 12299 1469 11 , , , 12299 1469 12 and and CC 12299 1469 13 tool tool NN 12299 1469 14 handles handle NNS 12299 1469 15 should should MD 12299 1469 16 always always RB 12299 1469 17 be be VB 12299 1469 18 protected protect VBN 12299 1469 19 at at IN 12299 1469 20 the the DT 12299 1469 21 ends end NNS 12299 1469 22 . . . 12299 1470 1 One one CD 12299 1470 2 of of IN 12299 1470 3 the the DT 12299 1470 4 best good JJS 12299 1470 5 means means NN 12299 1470 6 is be VBZ 12299 1470 7 to to TO 12299 1470 8 dip dip VB 12299 1470 9 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1470 10 into into IN 12299 1470 11 melted melt VBN 12299 1470 12 paraffine paraffine NN 12299 1470 13 , , , 12299 1470 14 which which WDT 12299 1470 15 seals seal VBZ 12299 1470 16 the the DT 12299 1470 17 ends end NNS 12299 1470 18 and and CC 12299 1470 19 prevents prevent VBZ 12299 1470 20 loss loss NN 12299 1470 21 of of IN 12299 1470 22 moisture moisture NN 12299 1470 23 there there RB 12299 1470 24 . . . 12299 1471 1 Another another DT 12299 1471 2 method method NN 12299 1471 3 is be VBZ 12299 1471 4 to to TO 12299 1471 5 glue glue NN 12299 1471 6 paper paper NN 12299 1471 7 on on IN 12299 1471 8 the the DT 12299 1471 9 ends end NNS 12299 1471 10 . . . 12299 1472 1 In in IN 12299 1472 2 some some DT 12299 1472 3 cases case NNS 12299 1472 4 abroad abroad RB 12299 1472 5 paper paper NN 12299 1472 6 is be VBZ 12299 1472 7 glued glue VBN 12299 1472 8 on on IN 12299 1472 9 to to IN 12299 1472 10 all all PDT 12299 1472 11 the the DT 12299 1472 12 surfaces surface NNS 12299 1472 13 of of IN 12299 1472 14 valuable valuable JJ 12299 1472 15 exotic exotic JJ 12299 1472 16 balks balk NNS 12299 1472 17 . . . 12299 1473 1 Other other JJ 12299 1473 2 substances substance NNS 12299 1473 3 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1473 4 employed employ VBN 12299 1473 5 for for IN 12299 1473 6 the the DT 12299 1473 7 purpose purpose NN 12299 1473 8 of of IN 12299 1473 9 sealing seal VBG 12299 1473 10 the the DT 12299 1473 11 wood wood NN 12299 1473 12 are be VBP 12299 1473 13 grease grease NN 12299 1473 14 , , , 12299 1473 15 carbolineum carbolineum NN 12299 1473 16 , , , 12299 1473 17 wax wax NN 12299 1473 18 , , , 12299 1473 19 clay clay NN 12299 1473 20 , , , 12299 1473 21 petroleum petroleum NN 12299 1473 22 , , , 12299 1473 23 linseed linseed NN 12299 1473 24 oil oil NN 12299 1473 25 , , , 12299 1473 26 tar tar NN 12299 1473 27 , , , 12299 1473 28 and and CC 12299 1473 29 soluble soluble JJ 12299 1473 30 glass glass NN 12299 1473 31 . . . 12299 1474 1 In in IN 12299 1474 2 place place NN 12299 1474 3 of of IN 12299 1474 4 solid solid JJ 12299 1474 5 beams beam NNS 12299 1474 6 , , , 12299 1474 7 built build VBN 12299 1474 8 - - HYPH 12299 1474 9 up up RP 12299 1474 10 material material NN 12299 1474 11 is be VBZ 12299 1474 12 often often RB 12299 1474 13 preferable preferable JJ 12299 1474 14 , , , 12299 1474 15 as as IN 12299 1474 16 the the DT 12299 1474 17 disastrous disastrous JJ 12299 1474 18 results result NNS 12299 1474 19 of of IN 12299 1474 20 season season NN 12299 1474 21 checks check NNS 12299 1474 22 are be VBP 12299 1474 23 thereby thereby RB 12299 1474 24 largely largely RB 12299 1474 25 overcome overcome VBN 12299 1474 26 or or CC 12299 1474 27 minimized minimize VBD 12299 1474 28 . . . 12299 1475 1 TEMPERATURE temperature PDT 12299 1475 2 The the DT 12299 1475 3 effect effect NN 12299 1475 4 of of IN 12299 1475 5 temperature temperature NN 12299 1475 6 on on IN 12299 1475 7 wood wood NN 12299 1475 8 depends depend VBZ 12299 1475 9 very very RB 12299 1475 10 largely largely RB 12299 1475 11 upon upon IN 12299 1475 12 the the DT 12299 1475 13 moisture moisture NN 12299 1475 14 content content NN 12299 1475 15 of of IN 12299 1475 16 the the DT 12299 1475 17 wood wood NN 12299 1475 18 and and CC 12299 1475 19 the the DT 12299 1475 20 surrounding surround VBG 12299 1475 21 medium medium NN 12299 1475 22 . . . 12299 1476 1 If if IN 12299 1476 2 absolutely absolutely RB 12299 1476 3 dry dry JJ 12299 1476 4 wood wood NN 12299 1476 5 is be VBZ 12299 1476 6 heated heat VBN 12299 1476 7 in in IN 12299 1476 8 absolutely absolutely RB 12299 1476 9 dry dry JJ 12299 1476 10 air air NN 12299 1476 11 the the DT 12299 1476 12 wood wood NN 12299 1476 13 expands expand VBZ 12299 1476 14 . . . 12299 1477 1 The the DT 12299 1477 2 extent extent NN 12299 1477 3 of of IN 12299 1477 4 this this DT 12299 1477 5 expansion expansion NN 12299 1477 6 is be VBZ 12299 1477 7 denoted denote VBN 12299 1477 8 by by IN 12299 1477 9 a a DT 12299 1477 10 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 1477 11 corresponding correspond VBG 12299 1477 12 to to IN 12299 1477 13 the the DT 12299 1477 14 increase increase NN 12299 1477 15 in in IN 12299 1477 16 length length NN 12299 1477 17 or or CC 12299 1477 18 other other JJ 12299 1477 19 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 1477 20 for for IN 12299 1477 21 each each DT 12299 1477 22 degree degree NN 12299 1477 23 rise rise NN 12299 1477 24 in in IN 12299 1477 25 temperature temperature NN 12299 1477 26 divided divide VBN 12299 1477 27 by by IN 12299 1477 28 the the DT 12299 1477 29 original original JJ 12299 1477 30 length length NN 12299 1477 31 or or CC 12299 1477 32 other other JJ 12299 1477 33 dimension dimension NN 12299 1477 34 of of IN 12299 1477 35 the the DT 12299 1477 36 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1477 37 . . . 12299 1478 1 The the DT 12299 1478 2 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 1478 3 of of IN 12299 1478 4 linear linear JJ 12299 1478 5 expansion expansion NN 12299 1478 6 of of IN 12299 1478 7 oak oak NNP 12299 1478 8 has have VBZ 12299 1478 9 been be VBN 12299 1478 10 found find VBN 12299 1478 11 to to TO 12299 1478 12 be be VB 12299 1478 13 .00000492 .00000492 VBN 12299 1478 14 ; ; : 12299 1478 15 radial radial JJ 12299 1478 16 expansion expansion NN 12299 1478 17 , , , 12299 1478 18 .0000544 .0000544 NNP 12299 1478 19 , , , 12299 1478 20 or or CC 12299 1478 21 about about RB 12299 1478 22 eleven eleven CD 12299 1478 23 times time NNS 12299 1478 24 the the DT 12299 1478 25 longitudinal longitudinal NN 12299 1478 26 . . . 12299 1479 1 Spruce spruce VB 12299 1479 2 expands expand VBZ 12299 1479 3 less less JJR 12299 1479 4 than than IN 12299 1479 5 oak oak NNP 12299 1479 6 , , , 12299 1479 7 the the DT 12299 1479 8 ratio ratio NN 12299 1479 9 of of IN 12299 1479 10 radial radial NN 12299 1479 11 to to IN 12299 1479 12 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 1479 13 expansion expansion NN 12299 1479 14 being be VBG 12299 1479 15 about about RB 12299 1479 16 six six CD 12299 1479 17 to to IN 12299 1479 18 one one CD 12299 1479 19 . . . 12299 1480 1 Metals metal NNS 12299 1480 2 and and CC 12299 1480 3 glass glass NN 12299 1480 4 expand expand VBP 12299 1480 5 equally equally RB 12299 1480 6 in in IN 12299 1480 7 all all DT 12299 1480 8 directions direction NNS 12299 1480 9 , , , 12299 1480 10 since since IN 12299 1480 11 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1480 12 are be VBP 12299 1480 13 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 12299 1480 14 substances substance NNS 12299 1480 15 , , , 12299 1480 16 while while IN 12299 1480 17 wood wood NN 12299 1480 18 is be VBZ 12299 1480 19 a a DT 12299 1480 20 complicated complicated JJ 12299 1480 21 structure structure NN 12299 1480 22 . . . 12299 1481 1 The the DT 12299 1481 2 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 1481 3 of of IN 12299 1481 4 expansion expansion NN 12299 1481 5 of of IN 12299 1481 6 iron iron NN 12299 1481 7 is be VBZ 12299 1481 8 .0000285 .0000285 FW 12299 1481 9 , , , 12299 1481 10 or or CC 12299 1481 11 nearly nearly RB 12299 1481 12 six six CD 12299 1481 13 times time NNS 12299 1481 14 the the DT 12299 1481 15 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 1481 16 of of IN 12299 1481 17 linear linear JJ 12299 1481 18 expansion expansion NN 12299 1481 19 of of IN 12299 1481 20 oak oak NNP 12299 1481 21 and and CC 12299 1481 22 seven seven CD 12299 1481 23 times time NNS 12299 1481 24 that that DT 12299 1481 25 of of IN 12299 1481 26 spruce[50 spruce[50 NNP 12299 1481 27 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1481 28 . . . 12299 1482 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1482 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 1482 3 50 50 CD 12299 1482 4 : : : 12299 1482 5 See see VB 12299 1482 6 Schlich Schlich NNP 12299 1482 7 's 's POS 12299 1482 8 Manual Manual NNP 12299 1482 9 of of IN 12299 1482 10 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 1482 11 , , , 12299 1482 12 Vol Vol NNP 12299 1482 13 . . . 12299 1483 1 V. V. NNP 12299 1483 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1483 3 rev rev NNP 12299 1483 4 . . . 12299 1484 1 ed ed NNP 12299 1484 2 . . . 12299 1485 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1485 2 , , , 12299 1485 3 p. p. NN 12299 1486 1 75 75 CD 12299 1486 2 . . . 12299 1486 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1487 1 Under under IN 12299 1487 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1487 3 conditions condition NNS 12299 1487 4 wood wood NN 12299 1487 5 contains contain VBZ 12299 1487 6 more more RBR 12299 1487 7 or or CC 12299 1487 8 less less JJR 12299 1487 9 moisture moisture NN 12299 1487 10 , , , 12299 1487 11 so so IN 12299 1487 12 that that IN 12299 1487 13 the the DT 12299 1487 14 application application NN 12299 1487 15 of of IN 12299 1487 16 heat heat NN 12299 1487 17 has have VBZ 12299 1487 18 a a DT 12299 1487 19 drying drying NN 12299 1487 20 effect effect NN 12299 1487 21 which which WDT 12299 1487 22 is be VBZ 12299 1487 23 accompanied accompany VBN 12299 1487 24 by by IN 12299 1487 25 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1487 26 . . . 12299 1488 1 This this DT 12299 1488 2 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 1488 3 completely completely RB 12299 1488 4 obscures obscure VBZ 12299 1488 5 the the DT 12299 1488 6 expansion expansion NN 12299 1488 7 due due IN 12299 1488 8 to to IN 12299 1488 9 the the DT 12299 1488 10 heating heating NN 12299 1488 11 . . . 12299 1489 1 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 1489 2 made make VBN 12299 1489 3 at at IN 12299 1489 4 the the DT 12299 1489 5 Yale Yale NNP 12299 1489 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1489 7 School School NNP 12299 1489 8 revealed reveal VBD 12299 1489 9 the the DT 12299 1489 10 effect effect NN 12299 1489 11 of of IN 12299 1489 12 temperature temperature NN 12299 1489 13 on on IN 12299 1489 14 the the DT 12299 1489 15 crushing crush VBG 12299 1489 16 strength strength NN 12299 1489 17 of of IN 12299 1489 18 wet wet JJ 12299 1489 19 wood wood NN 12299 1489 20 . . . 12299 1490 1 In in IN 12299 1490 2 the the DT 12299 1490 3 case case NN 12299 1490 4 of of IN 12299 1490 5 wet wet JJ 12299 1490 6 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 1490 7 wood wood VB 12299 1490 8 the the DT 12299 1490 9 strength strength NN 12299 1490 10 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 1490 11 0.42 0.42 CD 12299 1490 12 per per IN 12299 1490 13 cent cent NN 12299 1490 14 for for IN 12299 1490 15 each each DT 12299 1490 16 degree degree NN 12299 1490 17 the the DT 12299 1490 18 water water NN 12299 1490 19 is be VBZ 12299 1490 20 heated heat VBN 12299 1490 21 above above IN 12299 1490 22 60 60â CD 12299 1490 23 ° ° , 12299 1490 24 F. F. NNP 12299 1490 25 ; ; : 12299 1490 26 in in IN 12299 1490 27 the the DT 12299 1490 28 case case NN 12299 1490 29 of of IN 12299 1490 30 spruce spruce NN 12299 1490 31 the the DT 12299 1490 32 decrease decrease NN 12299 1490 33 is be VBZ 12299 1490 34 0.32 0.32 CD 12299 1490 35 per per IN 12299 1490 36 cent cent NN 12299 1490 37 . . . 12299 1491 1 The the DT 12299 1491 2 effects effect NNS 12299 1491 3 of of IN 12299 1491 4 high high JJ 12299 1491 5 temperature temperature NN 12299 1491 6 on on IN 12299 1491 7 wet wet JJ 12299 1491 8 wood wood NN 12299 1491 9 are be VBP 12299 1491 10 very very RB 12299 1491 11 marked marked JJ 12299 1491 12 . . . 12299 1492 1 Boiling boiling NN 12299 1492 2 produces produce VBZ 12299 1492 3 a a DT 12299 1492 4 condition condition NN 12299 1492 5 of of IN 12299 1492 6 great great JJ 12299 1492 7 pliability pliability NN 12299 1492 8 , , , 12299 1492 9 especially especially RB 12299 1492 10 in in IN 12299 1492 11 the the DT 12299 1492 12 case case NN 12299 1492 13 of of IN 12299 1492 14 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 1492 15 . . . 12299 1493 1 If if IN 12299 1493 2 wood wood NN 12299 1493 3 in in IN 12299 1493 4 this this DT 12299 1493 5 condition condition NN 12299 1493 6 is be VBZ 12299 1493 7 bent bent JJ 12299 1493 8 and and CC 12299 1493 9 allowed allow VBN 12299 1493 10 to to TO 12299 1493 11 dry dry VB 12299 1493 12 , , , 12299 1493 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1493 14 rigidly rigidly RB 12299 1493 15 retains retain VBZ 12299 1493 16 the the DT 12299 1493 17 shape shape NN 12299 1493 18 of of IN 12299 1493 19 the the DT 12299 1493 20 bend bend NN 12299 1493 21 , , , 12299 1493 22 though though IN 12299 1493 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1493 24 strength strength NN 12299 1493 25 may may MD 12299 1493 26 be be VB 12299 1493 27 somewhat somewhat RB 12299 1493 28 reduced reduce VBN 12299 1493 29 . . . 12299 1494 1 Except except IN 12299 1494 2 in in IN 12299 1494 3 the the DT 12299 1494 4 case case NN 12299 1494 5 of of IN 12299 1494 6 very very RB 12299 1494 7 dry dry JJ 12299 1494 8 wood wood NN 12299 1494 9 the the DT 12299 1494 10 effect effect NN 12299 1494 11 of of IN 12299 1494 12 cold cold NN 12299 1494 13 is be VBZ 12299 1494 14 to to TO 12299 1494 15 increase increase VB 12299 1494 16 the the DT 12299 1494 17 strength strength NN 12299 1494 18 and and CC 12299 1494 19 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 1494 20 of of IN 12299 1494 21 wood wood NN 12299 1494 22 . . . 12299 1495 1 The the DT 12299 1495 2 freezing freezing NN 12299 1495 3 of of IN 12299 1495 4 any any DT 12299 1495 5 free free JJ 12299 1495 6 water water NN 12299 1495 7 in in IN 12299 1495 8 the the DT 12299 1495 9 pores pore NNS 12299 1495 10 of of IN 12299 1495 11 the the DT 12299 1495 12 wood wood NN 12299 1495 13 will will MD 12299 1495 14 augment augment VB 12299 1495 15 these these DT 12299 1495 16 conditions condition NNS 12299 1495 17 . . . 12299 1496 1 The the DT 12299 1496 2 effect effect NN 12299 1496 3 of of IN 12299 1496 4 steaming steam VBG 12299 1496 5 upon upon IN 12299 1496 6 the the DT 12299 1496 7 strength strength NN 12299 1496 8 of of IN 12299 1496 9 cross cross NN 12299 1496 10 - - NNS 12299 1496 11 ties tie NNS 12299 1496 12 was be VBD 12299 1496 13 investigated investigate VBN 12299 1496 14 by by IN 12299 1496 15 the the DT 12299 1496 16 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1496 17 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1496 18 Service Service NNP 12299 1496 19 in in IN 12299 1496 20 1904 1904 CD 12299 1496 21 . . . 12299 1497 1 The the DT 12299 1497 2 conclusions conclusion NNS 12299 1497 3 were be VBD 12299 1497 4 summarized summarize VBN 12299 1497 5 as as IN 12299 1497 6 follows follow VBZ 12299 1497 7 : : : 12299 1497 8 " " `` 12299 1497 9 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1497 10 1 1 LS 12299 1497 11 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1497 12 The the DT 12299 1497 13 steam steam NN 12299 1497 14 at at IN 12299 1497 15 pressure pressure NN 12299 1497 16 up up IN 12299 1497 17 to to TO 12299 1497 18 40 40 CD 12299 1497 19 pounds pound NNS 12299 1497 20 applied apply VBN 12299 1497 21 for for IN 12299 1497 22 4 4 CD 12299 1497 23 hours hour NNS 12299 1497 24 , , , 12299 1497 25 or or CC 12299 1497 26 at at IN 12299 1497 27 a a DT 12299 1497 28 pressure pressure NN 12299 1497 29 of of IN 12299 1497 30 20 20 CD 12299 1497 31 pounds pound NNS 12299 1497 32 up up IN 12299 1497 33 to to TO 12299 1497 34 20 20 CD 12299 1497 35 hours hour NNS 12299 1497 36 , , , 12299 1497 37 increases increase VBZ 12299 1497 38 the the DT 12299 1497 39 weight weight NN 12299 1497 40 of of IN 12299 1497 41 ties tie NNS 12299 1497 42 . . . 12299 1498 1 At at IN 12299 1498 2 40 40 CD 12299 1498 3 pounds pound NNS 12299 1498 4 ' ' POS 12299 1498 5 pressure pressure NN 12299 1498 6 applied apply VBD 12299 1498 7 for for IN 12299 1498 8 4 4 CD 12299 1498 9 hours hour NNS 12299 1498 10 and and CC 12299 1498 11 at at IN 12299 1498 12 20 20 CD 12299 1498 13 pounds pound NNS 12299 1498 14 for for IN 12299 1498 15 5 5 CD 12299 1498 16 hours hour NNS 12299 1498 17 the the DT 12299 1498 18 wood wood NN 12299 1498 19 began begin VBD 12299 1498 20 to to TO 12299 1498 21 be be VB 12299 1498 22 scorched scorch VBN 12299 1498 23 . . . 12299 1499 1 " " `` 12299 1499 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1499 3 2 2 LS 12299 1499 4 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1499 5 The the DT 12299 1499 6 steamed steamed JJ 12299 1499 7 and and CC 12299 1499 8 saturated saturate VBN 12299 1499 9 wood wood NN 12299 1499 10 , , , 12299 1499 11 when when WRB 12299 1499 12 tested test VBN 12299 1499 13 immediately immediately RB 12299 1499 14 after after IN 12299 1499 15 treatment treatment NN 12299 1499 16 , , , 12299 1499 17 exhibited exhibit VBN 12299 1499 18 weaknesses weakness NNS 12299 1499 19 in in IN 12299 1499 20 proportion proportion NN 12299 1499 21 to to IN 12299 1499 22 the the DT 12299 1499 23 pressure pressure NN 12299 1499 24 and and CC 12299 1499 25 duration duration NN 12299 1499 26 of of IN 12299 1499 27 steaming steam VBG 12299 1499 28 . . . 12299 1500 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1500 2 See see VB 12299 1500 3 Table Table NNP 12299 1500 4 XVI XVI NNP 12299 1500 5 . . . 12299 1500 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1501 1 If if IN 12299 1501 2 allowed allow VBN 12299 1501 3 to to IN 12299 1501 4 air air NN 12299 1501 5 - - HYPH 12299 1501 6 dry dry VB 12299 1501 7 subsequently subsequently RB 12299 1501 8 the the DT 12299 1501 9 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1501 10 regained regain VBD 12299 1501 11 the the DT 12299 1501 12 greater great JJR 12299 1501 13 part part NN 12299 1501 14 of of IN 12299 1501 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1501 16 strength strength NN 12299 1501 17 , , , 12299 1501 18 provided provide VBD 12299 1501 19 the the DT 12299 1501 20 pressure pressure NN 12299 1501 21 and and CC 12299 1501 22 duration duration NN 12299 1501 23 had have VBD 12299 1501 24 not not RB 12299 1501 25 exceeded exceed VBN 12299 1501 26 those those DT 12299 1501 27 cited cite VBN 12299 1501 28 under under IN 12299 1501 29 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1501 30 1 1 CD 12299 1501 31 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1501 32 . . . 12299 1502 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 1502 2 immersion immersion NN 12299 1502 3 in in IN 12299 1502 4 water water NN 12299 1502 5 of of IN 12299 1502 6 the the DT 12299 1502 7 steamed steamed JJ 12299 1502 8 wood wood NN 12299 1502 9 and and CC 12299 1502 10 dried dry VBN 12299 1502 11 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1502 12 showed show VBD 12299 1502 13 that that IN 12299 1502 14 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1502 15 were be VBD 12299 1502 16 weaker weak JJR 12299 1502 17 than than IN 12299 1502 18 natural natural JJ 12299 1502 19 wood wood NN 12299 1502 20 similarly similarly RB 12299 1502 21 dried dry VBN 12299 1502 22 and and CC 12299 1502 23 resoaked resoake VBN 12299 1502 24 . . . 12299 1503 1 " " `` 12299 1503 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1503 3 51 51 CD 12299 1503 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1503 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1503 6 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1503 7 51 51 CD 12299 1503 8 : : : 12299 1503 9 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1503 10 . . . 12299 1504 1 39 39 CD 12299 1504 2 . . . 12299 1505 1 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 1505 2 on on IN 12299 1505 3 the the DT 12299 1505 4 strength strength NN 12299 1505 5 of of IN 12299 1505 6 treated treat VBN 12299 1505 7 timber timber NN 12299 1505 8 , , , 12299 1505 9 p. p. NN 12299 1506 1 18 18 CD 12299 1506 2 . . . 12299 1506 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1507 1 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1507 2 | | NNP 12299 1507 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 1507 4 XVI XVI NNP 12299 1507 5 | | NNP 12299 1507 6 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1507 7 | | NNP 12299 1507 8 EFFECT EFFECT NNP 12299 1507 9 OF of IN 12299 1507 10 STEAMING steam VBG 12299 1507 11 ON on IN 12299 1507 12 THE the DT 12299 1507 13 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 1507 14 OF of IN 12299 1507 15 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 1507 16 LOBLOLLY LOBLOLLY NNP 12299 1507 17 PINE PINE NNP 12299 1507 18 | | NNP 12299 1507 19 | | NNP 12299 1507 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1507 21 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1507 22 Service Service NNP 12299 1507 23 , , , 12299 1507 24 Cir Cir NNP 12299 1507 25 . . . 12299 1508 1 39 39 CD 12299 1508 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1508 3 | | NNP 12299 1508 4 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1508 5 | | NNP 12299 1508 6 | | NNP 12299 1508 7 Cylinder Cylinder NNP 12299 1508 8 conditions condition NNS 12299 1508 9 | | NNP 12299 1508 10 Strength Strength NNP 12299 1508 11 | | NNP 12299 1508 12 | | NNP 12299 1508 13 |---------------------------------+--------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------+--------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1508 14 | | NNP 12299 1508 15 | | NNP 12299 1508 16 Steaming Steaming NNP 12299 1508 17 | | NNP 12299 1508 18 Static Static NNP 12299 1508 19 | | NNP 12299 1508 20 Impact Impact NNP 12299 1508 21 | | NNP 12299 1508 22 | | NNP 12299 1508 23 | | NNP 12299 1508 24 |---------------------------------+---------------------+----------| |---------------------------------+---------------------+----------| NNP 12299 1508 25 Average Average NNP 12299 1508 26 | | NNP 12299 1508 27 | | NNP 12299 1508 28 Treatment Treatment NNP 12299 1508 29 | | NNP 12299 1508 30 | | NNP 12299 1508 31 | | CD 12299 1508 32 | | NNP 12299 1508 33 Bending Bending NNP 12299 1508 34 | | NNP 12299 1508 35 Compres- Compres- NNP 12299 1508 36 | | NNP 12299 1508 37 Height Height NNP 12299 1508 38 | | NNP 12299 1508 39 of of IN 12299 1508 40 the the DT 12299 1508 41 | | NNP 12299 1508 42 | | NNP 12299 1508 43 | | CD 12299 1508 44 | | CD 12299 1508 45 | | CD 12299 1508 46 | | CD 12299 1508 47 modulus modulus JJ 12299 1508 48 | | CD 12299 1508 49 sion sion NN 12299 1508 50 | | NNP 12299 1508 51 of of IN 12299 1508 52 drop drop NN 12299 1508 53 | | NNP 12299 1508 54 three three CD 12299 1508 55 | | CD 12299 1508 56 | | CD 12299 1508 57 | | NNP 12299 1508 58 Period Period NNP 12299 1508 59 | | NNP 12299 1508 60 Pressure Pressure NNP 12299 1508 61 | | NNP 12299 1508 62 Temperature Temperature NNP 12299 1508 63 | | NNS 12299 1508 64 of of IN 12299 1508 65 | | CD 12299 1508 66 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1508 67 | | CD 12299 1508 68 causing cause VBG 12299 1508 69 | | CD 12299 1508 70 strengths strength NNS 12299 1508 71 | | CD 12299 1508 72 | | CD 12299 1508 73 | | CD 12299 1508 74 | | CD 12299 1508 75 | | CD 12299 1508 76 | | CD 12299 1508 77 rupture rupture NN 12299 1508 78 | | CD 12299 1508 79 to to TO 12299 1508 80 grain grain VB 12299 1508 81 | | HYPH 12299 1508 82 complete complete JJ 12299 1508 83 | | NNP 12299 1508 84 | | CD 12299 1508 85 | | CD 12299 1508 86 | | CD 12299 1508 87 | | CD 12299 1508 88 | | CD 12299 1508 89 | | CD 12299 1508 90 | | CD 12299 1508 91 | | CD 12299 1508 92 failure failure NN 12299 1508 93 | | CD 12299 1508 94 | | CD 12299 1508 95 |-----------+--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+-----------| |-----------+--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+-----------| NNP 12299 1508 96 | | CD 12299 1508 97 | | NNP 12299 1508 98 | | NNP 12299 1508 99 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 1508 100 . . . 12299 1509 1 per per IN 12299 1509 2 | | NNP 12299 1509 3 | | NNP 12299 1509 4 Per per IN 12299 1509 5 cent cent NN 12299 1509 6 | | NN 12299 1509 7 Per per IN 12299 1509 8 cent cent NN 12299 1509 9 | | NN 12299 1509 10 Per per IN 12299 1509 11 cent cent NN 12299 1509 12 | | NN 12299 1509 13 Per per IN 12299 1509 14 cent cent NNP 12299 1509 15 | | NNP 12299 1509 16 | | NNP 12299 1509 17 | | NNP 12299 1509 18 Hrs Hrs NNP 12299 1509 19 . . . 12299 1510 1 | | NNP 12299 1510 2 sq sq NNP 12299 1510 3 . . . 12299 1511 1 inch inch NN 12299 1511 2 | | NNP 12299 1511 3   NNP 12299 1511 4 ° ° , 12299 1511 5 F f NN 12299 1511 6 . . . 12299 1512 1 | | NNP 12299 1512 2 | | CD 12299 1512 3 | | CD 12299 1512 4 | | CD 12299 1512 5 | | CD 12299 1512 6 | | CD 12299 1512 7 | | CD 12299 1512 8 | | CD 12299 1512 9 | | CD 12299 1512 10 | | CD 12299 1512 11 Untreated untreated JJ 12299 1512 12 wood wood NN 12299 1512 13 = = SYM 12299 1512 14 100 100 CD 12299 1512 15 % % NN 12299 1512 16 | | CD 12299 1512 17 | | CD 12299 1512 18 | | CD 12299 1512 19 | | CD 12299 1512 20 | | CD 12299 1512 21 | | CD 12299 1512 22 | | CD 12299 1512 23 | | CD 12299 1512 24 | | CD 12299 1512 25 | | CD 12299 1512 26 | | NNP 12299 1512 27 Steam Steam NNP 12299 1512 28 , , , 12299 1512 29 | | NNP 12299 1512 30 4 4 CD 12299 1512 31 | | CD 12299 1512 32 | | CD 12299 1512 33 230[a 230[a CD 12299 1512 34 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1512 35 | | CD 12299 1512 36 91.3 91.3 CD 12299 1512 37 | | CD 12299 1512 38 79.1 79.1 CD 12299 1512 39 | | CD 12299 1512 40 96.4 96.4 CD 12299 1512 41 | | CD 12299 1512 42 88.9 88.9 CD 12299 1512 43 | | CD 12299 1512 44 | | CD 12299 1512 45 at at IN 12299 1512 46 | | CD 12299 1512 47 4 4 CD 12299 1512 48 | | CD 12299 1512 49 10 10 CD 12299 1512 50 | | CD 12299 1512 51 238 238 CD 12299 1512 52 | | CD 12299 1512 53 78.2 78.2 CD 12299 1512 54 | | CD 12299 1512 55 93.7 93.7 CD 12299 1512 56 | | CD 12299 1512 57 93.3 93.3 CD 12299 1512 58 | | CD 12299 1512 59 88.4 88.4 CD 12299 1512 60 | | CD 12299 1512 61 | | CD 12299 1512 62 various various JJ 12299 1512 63 | | CD 12299 1512 64 4 4 CD 12299 1512 65 | | CD 12299 1512 66 20 20 CD 12299 1512 67 | | CD 12299 1512 68 253 253 CD 12299 1512 69 | | CD 12299 1512 70 83.3 83.3 CD 12299 1512 71 | | CD 12299 1512 72 84.2 84.2 CD 12299 1512 73 | | CD 12299 1512 74 91.4 91.4 CD 12299 1512 75 | | CD 12299 1512 76 80.8 80.8 CD 12299 1512 77 | | CD 12299 1512 78 | | NNP 12299 1512 79 pressures pressure NNS 12299 1512 80 | | CD 12299 1512 81 4 4 CD 12299 1512 82 | | CD 12299 1512 83 30 30 CD 12299 1512 84 | | CD 12299 1512 85 269 269 CD 12299 1512 86 | | CD 12299 1512 87 80.4 80.4 CD 12299 1512 88 | | CD 12299 1512 89 78.4 78.4 CD 12299 1512 90 | | CD 12299 1512 91 89.8 89.8 CD 12299 1512 92 | | CD 12299 1512 93 82.9 82.9 CD 12299 1512 94 | | CD 12299 1512 95 | | CD 12299 1512 96 | | CD 12299 1512 97 4 4 CD 12299 1512 98 | | CD 12299 1512 99 40 40 CD 12299 1512 100 | | CD 12299 1512 101 283 283 CD 12299 1512 102 | | CD 12299 1512 103 78.1 78.1 CD 12299 1512 104 | | CD 12299 1512 105 74.4 74.4 CD 12299 1512 106 | | CD 12299 1512 107 74.0 74.0 CD 12299 1512 108 | | CD 12299 1512 109 75.5 75.5 CD 12299 1512 110 | | CD 12299 1512 111 | | CD 12299 1512 112 | | CD 12299 1512 113 4 4 CD 12299 1512 114 | | CD 12299 1512 115 50 50 CD 12299 1512 116 | | CD 12299 1512 117 292 292 CD 12299 1512 118 | | CD 12299 1512 119 75.8 75.8 CD 12299 1512 120 | | CD 12299 1512 121 71.5 71.5 CD 12299 1512 122 | | CD 12299 1512 123 63.9 63.9 CD 12299 1512 124 | | CD 12299 1512 125 70.4 70.4 CD 12299 1512 126 | | CD 12299 1512 127 | | CD 12299 1512 128 | | CD 12299 1512 129 4 4 CD 12299 1512 130 | | CD 12299 1512 131 100 100 CD 12299 1512 132 | | CD 12299 1512 133 337 337 CD 12299 1512 134 | | CD 12299 1512 135 41.4 41.4 CD 12299 1512 136 | | CD 12299 1512 137 65.0 65.0 CD 12299 1512 138 | | CD 12299 1512 139 55.2 55.2 CD 12299 1512 140 | | CD 12299 1512 141 53.9 53.9 CD 12299 1512 142 | | CD 12299 1512 143 |-----------+--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+-----------| |-----------+--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+-----------| NNP 12299 1512 144 | | NNP 12299 1512 145 Steam Steam NNP 12299 1512 146 , , , 12299 1512 147 | | NNP 12299 1512 148 1 1 CD 12299 1512 149 | | CD 12299 1512 150 20 20 CD 12299 1512 151 | | CD 12299 1512 152 257 257 CD 12299 1512 153 | | CD 12299 1512 154 100.6 100.6 CD 12299 1512 155 | | CD 12299 1512 156 98.6 98.6 CD 12299 1512 157 | | CD 12299 1512 158 86.7 86.7 CD 12299 1512 159 | | CD 12299 1512 160 95.3 95.3 CD 12299 1512 161 | | CD 12299 1512 162 | | CD 12299 1512 163 for for IN 12299 1512 164 | | CD 12299 1512 165 2 2 CD 12299 1512 166 | | CD 12299 1512 167 20 20 CD 12299 1512 168 | | CD 12299 1512 169 267 267 CD 12299 1512 170 | | CD 12299 1512 171 88.4 88.4 CD 12299 1512 172 | | CD 12299 1512 173 93.0 93.0 CD 12299 1512 174 | | CD 12299 1512 175 107.0 107.0 CD 12299 1512 176 | | CD 12299 1512 177 96.1 96.1 CD 12299 1512 178 | | CD 12299 1512 179 | | CD 12299 1512 180 various various JJ 12299 1512 181 | | CD 12299 1512 182 3 3 CD 12299 1512 183 | | CD 12299 1512 184 20 20 CD 12299 1512 185 | | CD 12299 1512 186 260 260 CD 12299 1512 187 | | CD 12299 1512 188 90.0 90.0 CD 12299 1512 189 | | CD 12299 1512 190 93.6 93.6 CD 12299 1512 191 | | CD 12299 1512 192 84.1 84.1 CD 12299 1512 193 | | CD 12299 1512 194 89.2 89.2 CD 12299 1512 195 | | CD 12299 1512 196 | | NNS 12299 1512 197 periods period NNS 12299 1512 198 | | CD 12299 1512 199 4 4 CD 12299 1512 200 | | CD 12299 1512 201 20 20 CD 12299 1512 202 | | CD 12299 1512 203 253 253 CD 12299 1512 204 | | CD 12299 1512 205 83.3 83.3 CD 12299 1512 206 | | CD 12299 1512 207 84.2 84.2 CD 12299 1512 208 | | CD 12299 1512 209 91.4 91.4 CD 12299 1512 210 | | CD 12299 1512 211 86.3 86.3 CD 12299 1512 212 | | CD 12299 1512 213 | | CD 12299 1512 214 | | CD 12299 1512 215 5 5 CD 12299 1512 216 | | CD 12299 1512 217 20 20 CD 12299 1512 218 | | CD 12299 1512 219 253 253 CD 12299 1512 220 | | CD 12299 1512 221 85.0 85.0 CD 12299 1512 222 | | CD 12299 1512 223 78.1 78.1 CD 12299 1512 224 | | CD 12299 1512 225 84.2 84.2 CD 12299 1512 226 | | CD 12299 1512 227 82.4 82.4 CD 12299 1512 228 | | CD 12299 1512 229 | | CD 12299 1512 230 | | CD 12299 1512 231 6 6 CD 12299 1512 232 | | CD 12299 1512 233 20 20 CD 12299 1512 234 | | CD 12299 1512 235 242 242 CD 12299 1512 236 | | CD 12299 1512 237 95.2 95.2 CD 12299 1512 238 | | CD 12299 1512 239 89.8 89.8 CD 12299 1512 240 | | CD 12299 1512 241 76.0 76.0 CD 12299 1512 242 | | CD 12299 1512 243 87.0 87.0 CD 12299 1512 244 | | CD 12299 1512 245 | | CD 12299 1512 246 | | CD 12299 1512 247 10 10 CD 12299 1512 248 | | CD 12299 1512 249 20 20 CD 12299 1512 250 | | CD 12299 1512 251 255 255 CD 12299 1512 252 | | CD 12299 1512 253 73.7 73.7 CD 12299 1512 254 | | CD 12299 1512 255 82.0 82.0 CD 12299 1512 256 | | CD 12299 1512 257 76.0 76.0 CD 12299 1512 258 | | CD 12299 1512 259 77.2 77.2 CD 12299 1512 260 | | CD 12299 1512 261 | | CD 12299 1512 262 | | CD 12299 1512 263 20 20 CD 12299 1512 264 | | CD 12299 1512 265 20 20 CD 12299 1512 266 | | CD 12299 1512 267 258 258 CD 12299 1512 268 | | CD 12299 1512 269 67.5 67.5 CD 12299 1512 270 | | CD 12299 1512 271 65.0 65.0 CD 12299 1512 272 | | CD 12299 1512 273 99.0 99.0 CD 12299 1512 274 | | CD 12299 1512 275 77.2 77.2 CD 12299 1512 276 | | CD 12299 1512 277 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1512 278 | | NNP 12299 1512 279 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1512 280 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1512 281 a a DT 12299 1512 282 : : : 12299 1512 283 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1512 284 will will MD 12299 1512 285 be be VB 12299 1512 286 noted note VBN 12299 1512 287 that that IN 12299 1512 288 the the DT 12299 1512 289 temperature temperature NN 12299 1512 290 was be VBD 12299 1512 291 230 230â CD 12299 1512 292 ° ° NNS 12299 1512 293 . . . 12299 1513 1 This this DT 12299 1513 2 is be VBZ 12299 1513 3 the the DT 12299 1513 4 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1513 5 | | CD 12299 1513 6 | | CD 12299 1513 7 temperature temperature NN 12299 1513 8 by by IN 12299 1513 9 the the DT 12299 1513 10 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1513 11 - - HYPH 12299 1513 12 temperature temperature NN 12299 1513 13 recording record VBG 12299 1513 14 thermometer thermometer NN 12299 1513 15 , , , 12299 1513 16 and and CC 12299 1513 17 is be VBZ 12299 1513 18 due due JJ 12299 1513 19 to to IN 12299 1513 20 the the DT 12299 1513 21 handling handling NN 12299 1513 22 | | CD 12299 1513 23 | | CD 12299 1513 24 of of IN 12299 1513 25 the the DT 12299 1513 26 exhaust exhaust NN 12299 1513 27 valve valve NN 12299 1513 28 . . . 12299 1514 1 The the DT 12299 1514 2 average average JJ 12299 1514 3 temperature temperature NN 12299 1514 4 was be VBD 12299 1514 5 that that DT 12299 1514 6 of of IN 12299 1514 7 exhaust exhaust NN 12299 1514 8 steam steam NN 12299 1514 9 . . . 12299 1514 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1515 1 | | NNP 12299 1515 2 |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1515 3 " " '' 12299 1515 4 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1515 5 3 3 LS 12299 1515 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1515 7 A a DT 12299 1515 8 high high JJ 12299 1515 9 degree degree NN 12299 1515 10 of of IN 12299 1515 11 steaming steaming NN 12299 1515 12 is be VBZ 12299 1515 13 injurious injurious JJ 12299 1515 14 to to TO 12299 1515 15 wood wood NN 12299 1515 16 in in IN 12299 1515 17 strength strength NN 12299 1515 18 and and CC 12299 1515 19 spike spike NN 12299 1515 20 - - HYPH 12299 1515 21 holding hold VBG 12299 1515 22 power power NN 12299 1515 23 . . . 12299 1516 1 The the DT 12299 1516 2 degree degree NN 12299 1516 3 of of IN 12299 1516 4 steaming steam VBG 12299 1516 5 at at IN 12299 1516 6 which which WDT 12299 1516 7 pronounced pronounce VBN 12299 1516 8 harm harm NN 12299 1516 9 results result NNS 12299 1516 10 will will MD 12299 1516 11 depend depend VB 12299 1516 12 upon upon IN 12299 1516 13 the the DT 12299 1516 14 quality quality NN 12299 1516 15 of of IN 12299 1516 16 the the DT 12299 1516 17 wood wood NN 12299 1516 18 and and CC 12299 1516 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1516 20 degree degree NN 12299 1516 21 of of IN 12299 1516 22 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 1516 23 , , , 12299 1516 24 and and CC 12299 1516 25 upon upon IN 12299 1516 26 the the DT 12299 1516 27 pressure pressure NN 12299 1516 28 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1516 29 temperature temperature NN 12299 1516 30 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1516 31 of of IN 12299 1516 32 steam steam NN 12299 1516 33 and and CC 12299 1516 34 the the DT 12299 1516 35 duration duration NN 12299 1516 36 of of IN 12299 1516 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1516 38 application application NN 12299 1516 39 . . . 12299 1517 1 For for IN 12299 1517 2 loblolly loblolly RB 12299 1517 3 pine pine VB 12299 1517 4 the the DT 12299 1517 5 limit limit NN 12299 1517 6 of of IN 12299 1517 7 safety safety NN 12299 1517 8 is be VBZ 12299 1517 9 certainly certainly RB 12299 1517 10 30 30 CD 12299 1517 11 pounds pound NNS 12299 1517 12 for for IN 12299 1517 13 4 4 CD 12299 1517 14 hours hour NNS 12299 1517 15 , , , 12299 1517 16 or or CC 12299 1517 17 20 20 CD 12299 1517 18 pounds pound NNS 12299 1517 19 for for IN 12299 1517 20 6 6 CD 12299 1517 21 hours hour NNS 12299 1517 22 . . . 12299 1518 1 " " `` 12299 1518 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1518 3 52 52 CD 12299 1518 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1518 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1518 6 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1518 7 52 52 CD 12299 1518 8 : : : 12299 1518 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1518 10 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 1518 11 . . . 12299 1518 12 _ _ NNP 12299 1518 13 , , , 12299 1518 14 p. p. NN 12299 1518 15 21 21 CD 12299 1518 16 . . . 12299 1519 1 See see VB 12299 1519 2 also also RB 12299 1519 3 Cir Cir NNP 12299 1519 4 . . . 12299 1520 1 108 108 CD 12299 1520 2 , , , 12299 1520 3 p. p. NN 12299 1520 4 19 19 CD 12299 1520 5 , , , 12299 1520 6 table table NN 12299 1520 7 5 5 CD 12299 1520 8 . . . 12299 1520 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1521 1 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 1521 2 made make VBN 12299 1521 3 at at IN 12299 1521 4 the the DT 12299 1521 5 Yale Yale NNP 12299 1521 6 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1521 7 School School NNP 12299 1521 8 showed show VBD 12299 1521 9 that that IN 12299 1521 10 steaming steam VBG 12299 1521 11 above above IN 12299 1521 12 30 30 CD 12299 1521 13 pounds pound NNS 12299 1521 14 ' ' POS 12299 1521 15 gauge gauge NN 12299 1521 16 pressure pressure NN 12299 1521 17 reduces reduce VBZ 12299 1521 18 the the DT 12299 1521 19 strength strength NN 12299 1521 20 of of IN 12299 1521 21 wood wood NN 12299 1521 22 permanently permanently RB 12299 1521 23 while while IN 12299 1521 24 wet wet JJ 12299 1521 25 from from IN 12299 1521 26 25 25 CD 12299 1521 27 to to TO 12299 1521 28 75 75 CD 12299 1521 29 per per NN 12299 1521 30 cent cent NN 12299 1521 31 . . . 12299 1522 1 PRESERVATIVES PRESERVATIVES NNP 12299 1522 2 The the DT 12299 1522 3 exact exact JJ 12299 1522 4 effects effect NNS 12299 1522 5 of of IN 12299 1522 6 chemical chemical NN 12299 1522 7 impregnation impregnation NN 12299 1522 8 upon upon IN 12299 1522 9 the the DT 12299 1522 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1522 11 properties property NNS 12299 1522 12 of of IN 12299 1522 13 wood wood NN 12299 1522 14 have have VBP 12299 1522 15 not not RB 12299 1522 16 been be VBN 12299 1522 17 fully fully RB 12299 1522 18 determined determine VBN 12299 1522 19 , , , 12299 1522 20 though though IN 12299 1522 21 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1522 22 have have VBP 12299 1522 23 been be VBN 12299 1522 24 the the DT 12299 1522 25 subject subject NN 12299 1522 26 of of IN 12299 1522 27 considerable considerable JJ 12299 1522 28 investigation investigation NN 12299 1522 29 . . . 12299 1523 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1523 2 53 53 CD 12299 1523 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1523 4 More More JJR 12299 1523 5 depends depend VBZ 12299 1523 6 upon upon IN 12299 1523 7 the the DT 12299 1523 8 method method NN 12299 1523 9 of of IN 12299 1523 10 treatment treatment NN 12299 1523 11 than than IN 12299 1523 12 upon upon IN 12299 1523 13 the the DT 12299 1523 14 preservatives preservative NNS 12299 1523 15 used use VBD 12299 1523 16 . . . 12299 1524 1 Thus thus RB 12299 1524 2 preliminary preliminary JJ 12299 1524 3 steaming steaming NN 12299 1524 4 at at IN 12299 1524 5 too too RB 12299 1524 6 high high JJ 12299 1524 7 pressure pressure NN 12299 1524 8 or or CC 12299 1524 9 for for IN 12299 1524 10 too too RB 12299 1524 11 long long RB 12299 1524 12 a a DT 12299 1524 13 period period NN 12299 1524 14 will will MD 12299 1524 15 materially materially RB 12299 1524 16 weaken weaken VB 12299 1524 17 the the DT 12299 1524 18 wood wood NN 12299 1524 19 , , , 12299 1524 20 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1524 21 See see VB 12299 1524 22 TEMPERATURE temperature NN 12299 1524 23 , , , 12299 1524 24 above above RB 12299 1524 25 . . . 12299 1524 26 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1525 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1525 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1525 3 53 53 CD 12299 1525 4 : : : 12299 1525 5 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 1525 6 , , , 12299 1525 7 W. W. NNP 12299 1525 8 K. K. NNP 12299 1525 9 : : : 12299 1525 10 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 1525 11 on on IN 12299 1525 12 the the DT 12299 1525 13 strength strength NN 12299 1525 14 of of IN 12299 1525 15 treated treat VBN 12299 1525 16 timber timber NN 12299 1525 17 . . . 12299 1526 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1526 2 . . . 12299 1527 1 39 39 CD 12299 1527 2 , , , 12299 1527 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1527 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1527 5 Service Service NNP 12299 1527 6 , , , 12299 1527 7 1906 1906 CD 12299 1527 8 , , , 12299 1527 9 p. p. NN 12299 1528 1 31 31 CD 12299 1528 2 . . . 12299 1528 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1529 1 The the DT 12299 1529 2 presence presence NN 12299 1529 3 of of IN 12299 1529 4 zinc zinc NN 12299 1529 5 chloride chloride NN 12299 1529 6 does do VBZ 12299 1529 7 not not RB 12299 1529 8 weaken weaken VB 12299 1529 9 wood wood NN 12299 1529 10 under under IN 12299 1529 11 static static JJ 12299 1529 12 loading loading NN 12299 1529 13 , , , 12299 1529 14 although although IN 12299 1529 15 the the DT 12299 1529 16 indications indication NNS 12299 1529 17 are be VBP 12299 1529 18 that that IN 12299 1529 19 the the DT 12299 1529 20 wood wood NN 12299 1529 21 becomes become VBZ 12299 1529 22 brittle brittle JJ 12299 1529 23 under under IN 12299 1529 24 impact impact NN 12299 1529 25 . . . 12299 1530 1 If if IN 12299 1530 2 the the DT 12299 1530 3 solution solution NN 12299 1530 4 is be VBZ 12299 1530 5 too too RB 12299 1530 6 strong strong JJ 12299 1530 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1530 8 will will MD 12299 1530 9 decompose decompose VB 12299 1530 10 the the DT 12299 1530 11 wood wood NN 12299 1530 12 . . . 12299 1531 1 Soaking soak VBG 12299 1531 2 in in IN 12299 1531 3 creosote creosote NN 12299 1531 4 oil oil NN 12299 1531 5 causes cause VBZ 12299 1531 6 wood wood NN 12299 1531 7 to to TO 12299 1531 8 swell swell VB 12299 1531 9 , , , 12299 1531 10 and and CC 12299 1531 11 accordingly accordingly RB 12299 1531 12 decreases decrease VBZ 12299 1531 13 the the DT 12299 1531 14 strength strength NN 12299 1531 15 to to IN 12299 1531 16 some some DT 12299 1531 17 extent extent NN 12299 1531 18 , , , 12299 1531 19 but but CC 12299 1531 20 not not RB 12299 1531 21 nearly nearly RB 12299 1531 22 so so RB 12299 1531 23 much much RB 12299 1531 24 so so RB 12299 1531 25 as as IN 12299 1531 26 soaking soak VBG 12299 1531 27 in in IN 12299 1531 28 water water NN 12299 1531 29 . . . 12299 1532 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1532 2 54 54 CD 12299 1532 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1532 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1532 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1532 6 54 54 CD 12299 1532 7 : : : 12299 1532 8 Teesdale Teesdale NNP 12299 1532 9 , , , 12299 1532 10 Clyde Clyde NNP 12299 1532 11 II II NNP 12299 1532 12 . . . 12299 1533 1 : : : 12299 1533 2 The the DT 12299 1533 3 absorption absorption NN 12299 1533 4 of of IN 12299 1533 5 creosote creosote NN 12299 1533 6 by by IN 12299 1533 7 the the DT 12299 1533 8 cell cell NN 12299 1533 9 walls wall NNS 12299 1533 10 of of IN 12299 1533 11 wood wood NN 12299 1533 12 . . . 12299 1534 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1534 2 . . . 12299 1535 1 200 200 CD 12299 1535 2 , , , 12299 1535 3 U. U. NNP 12299 1535 4 S. S. NNP 12299 1535 5 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1535 6 Service Service NNP 12299 1535 7 , , , 12299 1535 8 1912 1912 CD 12299 1535 9 , , , 12299 1535 10 p. p. NN 12299 1536 1 7 7 LS 12299 1536 2 . . . 12299 1536 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1537 1 Soaking soak VBG 12299 1537 2 in in RP 12299 1537 3 kerosene kerosene NN 12299 1537 4 seems seem VBZ 12299 1537 5 to to TO 12299 1537 6 have have VB 12299 1537 7 no no DT 12299 1537 8 significant significant JJ 12299 1537 9 weakening weakening NN 12299 1537 10 effect effect NN 12299 1537 11 . . . 12299 1538 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1538 2 55 55 CD 12299 1538 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1538 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1538 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1538 6 55 55 CD 12299 1538 7 : : : 12299 1538 8 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 1538 9 , , , 12299 1538 10 H.D. H.D. NNP 12299 1539 1 : : : 12299 1539 2 Effect effect NN 12299 1539 3 of of IN 12299 1539 4 moisture moisture NN 12299 1539 5 upon upon IN 12299 1539 6 the the DT 12299 1539 7 strength strength NN 12299 1539 8 and and CC 12299 1539 9 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 1539 10 of of IN 12299 1539 11 wood wood NN 12299 1539 12 . . . 12299 1540 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1540 2 . . . 12299 1541 1 70 70 CD 12299 1541 2 , , , 12299 1541 3 U. U. NNP 12299 1541 4 S. S. NNP 12299 1541 5 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1541 6 Service Service NNP 12299 1541 7 , , , 12299 1541 8 1907 1907 CD 12299 1541 9 , , , 12299 1541 10 pp pp NNP 12299 1541 11 . . . 12299 1542 1 122 122 CD 12299 1542 2 - - SYM 12299 1542 3 123 123 CD 12299 1542 4 , , , 12299 1542 5 tables table VBZ 12299 1542 6 43 43 CD 12299 1542 7 - - SYM 12299 1542 8 44 44 CD 12299 1542 9 . . . 12299 1542 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1543 1 PART PART NNP 12299 1543 2 III iii CD 12299 1543 3 TIMBER timber NN 12299 1543 4 TESTING[56 TESTING[56 '' 12299 1543 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1543 6 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1543 7 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1543 8 56 56 CD 12299 1543 9 : : : 12299 1543 10 The the DT 12299 1543 11 methods method NNS 12299 1543 12 of of IN 12299 1543 13 timber timber NN 12299 1543 14 testing testing NN 12299 1543 15 described describe VBN 12299 1543 16 here here RB 12299 1543 17 are be VBP 12299 1543 18 for for IN 12299 1543 19 the the DT 12299 1543 20 most most JJS 12299 1543 21 part part NN 12299 1543 22 those those DT 12299 1543 23 employed employ VBN 12299 1543 24 by by IN 12299 1543 25 the the DT 12299 1543 26 U. U. NNP 12299 1543 27 S. S. NNP 12299 1543 28 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1543 29 Service Service NNP 12299 1543 30 . . . 12299 1544 1 See see VB 12299 1544 2 Cir Cir NNP 12299 1544 3 . . . 12299 1545 1 38 38 CD 12299 1545 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1545 3 rev rev NNP 12299 1545 4 . . . 12299 1546 1 ed ed NNP 12299 1546 2 . . . 12299 1547 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1547 2 , , , 12299 1547 3 1909 1909 CD 12299 1547 4 . . . 12299 1547 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1548 1 WORKING working NN 12299 1548 2 PLAN PLAN VBD 12299 1548 3 Preliminary Preliminary NNP 12299 1548 4 to to IN 12299 1548 5 making make VBG 12299 1548 6 a a DT 12299 1548 7 series series NN 12299 1548 8 of of IN 12299 1548 9 timber timber NN 12299 1548 10 tests test NNS 12299 1548 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1548 12 is be VBZ 12299 1548 13 very very RB 12299 1548 14 important important JJ 12299 1548 15 that that IN 12299 1548 16 a a DT 12299 1548 17 working work VBG 12299 1548 18 plan plan NN 12299 1548 19 be be VB 12299 1548 20 prepared prepare VBN 12299 1548 21 as as IN 12299 1548 22 a a DT 12299 1548 23 guide guide NN 12299 1548 24 to to IN 12299 1548 25 the the DT 12299 1548 26 investigation investigation NN 12299 1548 27 . . . 12299 1549 1 This this DT 12299 1549 2 should should MD 12299 1549 3 embrace embrace VB 12299 1549 4 : : : 12299 1549 5 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1549 6 1 1 LS 12299 1549 7 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1549 8 the the DT 12299 1549 9 purpose purpose NN 12299 1549 10 of of IN 12299 1549 11 the the DT 12299 1549 12 tests test NNS 12299 1549 13 ; ; , 12299 1549 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1549 15 2 2 LS 12299 1549 16 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1549 17 kind kind NN 12299 1549 18 , , , 12299 1549 19 size size NN 12299 1549 20 , , , 12299 1549 21 condition condition NN 12299 1549 22 , , , 12299 1549 23 and and CC 12299 1549 24 amount amount NN 12299 1549 25 of of IN 12299 1549 26 material material NN 12299 1549 27 needed need VBN 12299 1549 28 ; ; : 12299 1549 29 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1549 30 3 3 LS 12299 1549 31 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1549 32 full full JJ 12299 1549 33 description description NN 12299 1549 34 of of IN 12299 1549 35 the the DT 12299 1549 36 system system NN 12299 1549 37 of of IN 12299 1549 38 marking mark VBG 12299 1549 39 the the DT 12299 1549 40 pieces piece NNS 12299 1549 41 ; ; , 12299 1549 42 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1549 43 4 4 LS 12299 1549 44 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1549 45 details detail NNS 12299 1549 46 of of IN 12299 1549 47 any any DT 12299 1549 48 special special JJ 12299 1549 49 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1549 50 and and CC 12299 1549 51 methods method NNS 12299 1549 52 employed employ VBN 12299 1549 53 ; ; : 12299 1549 54 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1549 55 5 5 LS 12299 1549 56 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1549 57 proposed propose VBN 12299 1549 58 method method NN 12299 1549 59 of of IN 12299 1549 60 analyzing analyze VBG 12299 1549 61 the the DT 12299 1549 62 data datum NNS 12299 1549 63 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1549 64 and and CC 12299 1549 65 the the DT 12299 1549 66 nature nature NN 12299 1549 67 of of IN 12299 1549 68 the the DT 12299 1549 69 final final JJ 12299 1549 70 report report NN 12299 1549 71 . . . 12299 1550 1 Great great JJ 12299 1550 2 care care NN 12299 1550 3 should should MD 12299 1550 4 be be VB 12299 1550 5 taken take VBN 12299 1550 6 in in IN 12299 1550 7 the the DT 12299 1550 8 preparation preparation NN 12299 1550 9 of of IN 12299 1550 10 this this DT 12299 1550 11 plan plan NN 12299 1550 12 in in IN 12299 1550 13 order order NN 12299 1550 14 that that IN 12299 1550 15 all all DT 12299 1550 16 problems problem NNS 12299 1550 17 arising arise VBG 12299 1550 18 may may MD 12299 1550 19 be be VB 12299 1550 20 anticipated anticipate VBN 12299 1550 21 so so RB 12299 1550 22 far far RB 12299 1550 23 as as IN 12299 1550 24 possible possible JJ 12299 1550 25 and and CC 12299 1550 26 delays delay NNS 12299 1550 27 and and CC 12299 1550 28 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 12299 1550 29 work work NN 12299 1550 30 avoided avoid VBD 12299 1550 31 . . . 12299 1551 1 A a DT 12299 1551 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 12299 1551 3 study study NN 12299 1551 4 of of IN 12299 1551 5 previous previous JJ 12299 1551 6 investigations investigation NNS 12299 1551 7 along along IN 12299 1551 8 the the DT 12299 1551 9 same same JJ 12299 1551 10 or or CC 12299 1551 11 related related JJ 12299 1551 12 lines line NNS 12299 1551 13 should should MD 12299 1551 14 prove prove VB 12299 1551 15 very very RB 12299 1551 16 helpful helpful JJ 12299 1551 17 in in IN 12299 1551 18 outlining outline VBG 12299 1551 19 the the DT 12299 1551 20 work work NN 12299 1551 21 and and CC 12299 1551 22 preparing prepare VBG 12299 1551 23 the the DT 12299 1551 24 report report NN 12299 1551 25 . . . 12299 1552 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1552 2 For for IN 12299 1552 3 sample sample NN 12299 1552 4 working working NN 12299 1552 5 plan plan NN 12299 1552 6 see see VB 12299 1552 7 Appendix Appendix NNP 12299 1552 8 . . . 12299 1552 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1553 1 FORMS form NNS 12299 1553 2 OF of IN 12299 1553 3 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNS 12299 1553 4 TESTED test VBN 12299 1553 5 In in IN 12299 1553 6 general general JJ 12299 1553 7 , , , 12299 1553 8 four four CD 12299 1553 9 forms form NNS 12299 1553 10 of of IN 12299 1553 11 material material NN 12299 1553 12 are be VBP 12299 1553 13 tested test VBN 12299 1553 14 , , , 12299 1553 15 namely namely RB 12299 1553 16 : : : 12299 1553 17 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1553 18 1 1 LS 12299 1553 19 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1553 20 large large JJ 12299 1553 21 timbers timber NNS 12299 1553 22 , , , 12299 1553 23 such such JJ 12299 1553 24 as as IN 12299 1553 25 bridge bridge NN 12299 1553 26 stringers stringer NNS 12299 1553 27 , , , 12299 1553 28 car car NN 12299 1553 29 sills sill NNS 12299 1553 30 , , , 12299 1553 31 large large JJ 12299 1553 32 beams beam NNS 12299 1553 33 , , , 12299 1553 34 and and CC 12299 1553 35 other other JJ 12299 1553 36 pieces piece NNS 12299 1553 37 five five CD 12299 1553 38 feet foot NNS 12299 1553 39 or or CC 12299 1553 40 more more JJR 12299 1553 41 in in IN 12299 1553 42 length length NN 12299 1553 43 , , , 12299 1553 44 of of IN 12299 1553 45 actual actual JJ 12299 1553 46 sizes size NNS 12299 1553 47 and and CC 12299 1553 48 grades grade NNS 12299 1553 49 in in IN 12299 1553 50 common common JJ 12299 1553 51 use use NN 12299 1553 52 ; ; , 12299 1553 53 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1553 54 2 2 LS 12299 1553 55 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1553 56 built build VBN 12299 1553 57 - - HYPH 12299 1553 58 up up RP 12299 1553 59 structural structural JJ 12299 1553 60 forms form NNS 12299 1553 61 and and CC 12299 1553 62 fastenings fastening NNS 12299 1553 63 , , , 12299 1553 64 such such JJ 12299 1553 65 as as IN 12299 1553 66 built build VBN 12299 1553 67 - - HYPH 12299 1553 68 up up RP 12299 1553 69 beams beam NNS 12299 1553 70 , , , 12299 1553 71 trusses truss NNS 12299 1553 72 , , , 12299 1553 73 and and CC 12299 1553 74 various various JJ 12299 1553 75 kind kind NN 12299 1553 76 of of IN 12299 1553 77 joints joint NNS 12299 1553 78 ; ; , 12299 1553 79 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1553 80 3 3 LS 12299 1553 81 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1553 82 small small JJ 12299 1553 83 clear clear JJ 12299 1553 84 pieces piece NNS 12299 1553 85 , , , 12299 1553 86 such such JJ 12299 1553 87 as as IN 12299 1553 88 are be VBP 12299 1553 89 used use VBN 12299 1553 90 in in IN 12299 1553 91 compression compression NN 12299 1553 92 , , , 12299 1553 93 shear shear NN 12299 1553 94 , , , 12299 1553 95 cleavage cleavage VBP 12299 1553 96 , , , 12299 1553 97 and and CC 12299 1553 98 small small JJ 12299 1553 99 cross cross JJ 12299 1553 100 - - JJ 12299 1553 101 breaking breaking JJ 12299 1553 102 tests test NNS 12299 1553 103 ; ; : 12299 1553 104 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1553 105 4 4 LS 12299 1553 106 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1553 107 manufactured manufacture VBN 12299 1553 108 articles article NNS 12299 1553 109 , , , 12299 1553 110 such such JJ 12299 1553 111 as as IN 12299 1553 112 axles axle NNS 12299 1553 113 , , , 12299 1553 114 spokes spoke NNS 12299 1553 115 , , , 12299 1553 116 shafts shaft NNS 12299 1553 117 , , , 12299 1553 118 wagon wagon NN 12299 1553 119 - - HYPH 12299 1553 120 tongues tongue NNS 12299 1553 121 , , , 12299 1553 122 cross cross JJ 12299 1553 123 - - NNS 12299 1553 124 arms arm NNS 12299 1553 125 , , , 12299 1553 126 insulator insulator NN 12299 1553 127 pins pin NNS 12299 1553 128 , , , 12299 1553 129 barrels barrel NNS 12299 1553 130 , , , 12299 1553 131 and and CC 12299 1553 132 packing packing NN 12299 1553 133 boxes box NNS 12299 1553 134 . . . 12299 1554 1 As as IN 12299 1554 2 the the DT 12299 1554 3 moisture moisture NN 12299 1554 4 content content NN 12299 1554 5 is be VBZ 12299 1554 6 of of IN 12299 1554 7 fundamental fundamental JJ 12299 1554 8 importance importance NN 12299 1554 9 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1554 10 see see VB 12299 1554 11 WATER WATER NNP 12299 1554 12 CONTENT CONTENT NNP 12299 1554 13 , , , 12299 1554 14 above above RB 12299 1554 15 . . . 12299 1555 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1555 2 , , , 12299 1555 3 all all DT 12299 1555 4 standard standard JJ 12299 1555 5 tests test NNS 12299 1555 6 are be VBP 12299 1555 7 usually usually RB 12299 1555 8 made make VBN 12299 1555 9 in in IN 12299 1555 10 the the DT 12299 1555 11 green green JJ 12299 1555 12 condition condition NN 12299 1555 13 . . . 12299 1556 1 Another another DT 12299 1556 2 series series NN 12299 1556 3 is be VBZ 12299 1556 4 also also RB 12299 1556 5 usually usually RB 12299 1556 6 run run VBN 12299 1556 7 in in IN 12299 1556 8 an an DT 12299 1556 9 air air NN 12299 1556 10 - - HYPH 12299 1556 11 dry dry JJ 12299 1556 12 condition condition NN 12299 1556 13 of of IN 12299 1556 14 about about RB 12299 1556 15 12 12 CD 12299 1556 16 per per NN 12299 1556 17 cent cent NN 12299 1556 18 moisture moisture NN 12299 1556 19 . . . 12299 1557 1 In in IN 12299 1557 2 all all DT 12299 1557 3 cases case NNS 12299 1557 4 the the DT 12299 1557 5 moisture moisture NN 12299 1557 6 is be VBZ 12299 1557 7 very very RB 12299 1557 8 carefully carefully RB 12299 1557 9 determined determined JJ 12299 1557 10 and and CC 12299 1557 11 stated state VBN 12299 1557 12 with with IN 12299 1557 13 the the DT 12299 1557 14 results result NNS 12299 1557 15 in in IN 12299 1557 16 the the DT 12299 1557 17 tables table NNS 12299 1557 18 . . . 12299 1558 1 SIZE size NN 12299 1558 2 OF of IN 12299 1558 3 TEST test NN 12299 1558 4 SPECIMENS SPECIMENS NNP 12299 1558 5 The the DT 12299 1558 6 size size NN 12299 1558 7 of of IN 12299 1558 8 the the DT 12299 1558 9 test test NN 12299 1558 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1558 11 must must MD 12299 1558 12 be be VB 12299 1558 13 governed govern VBN 12299 1558 14 largely largely RB 12299 1558 15 by by IN 12299 1558 16 the the DT 12299 1558 17 purpose purpose NN 12299 1558 18 for for IN 12299 1558 19 which which WDT 12299 1558 20 the the DT 12299 1558 21 test test NN 12299 1558 22 is be VBZ 12299 1558 23 made make VBN 12299 1558 24 . . . 12299 1559 1 If if IN 12299 1559 2 the the DT 12299 1559 3 effect effect NN 12299 1559 4 of of IN 12299 1559 5 a a DT 12299 1559 6 single single JJ 12299 1559 7 factor factor NN 12299 1559 8 , , , 12299 1559 9 such such JJ 12299 1559 10 as as IN 12299 1559 11 moisture moisture NN 12299 1559 12 , , , 12299 1559 13 is be VBZ 12299 1559 14 the the DT 12299 1559 15 object object NN 12299 1559 16 of of IN 12299 1559 17 experiment experiment NN 12299 1559 18 , , , 12299 1559 19 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1559 20 is be VBZ 12299 1559 21 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1559 22 to to TO 12299 1559 23 use use VB 12299 1559 24 small small JJ 12299 1559 25 pieces piece NNS 12299 1559 26 of of IN 12299 1559 27 wood wood NN 12299 1559 28 in in IN 12299 1559 29 order order NN 12299 1559 30 to to TO 12299 1559 31 eliminate eliminate VB 12299 1559 32 so so RB 12299 1559 33 far far RB 12299 1559 34 as as IN 12299 1559 35 possible possible JJ 12299 1559 36 all all DT 12299 1559 37 disturbing disturbing JJ 12299 1559 38 factors factor NNS 12299 1559 39 . . . 12299 1560 1 If if IN 12299 1560 2 the the DT 12299 1560 3 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1560 4 are be VBP 12299 1560 5 too too RB 12299 1560 6 large large JJ 12299 1560 7 , , , 12299 1560 8 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1560 9 is be VBZ 12299 1560 10 impossible impossible JJ 12299 1560 11 to to TO 12299 1560 12 secure secure VB 12299 1560 13 enough enough JJ 12299 1560 14 perfect perfect JJ 12299 1560 15 pieces piece NNS 12299 1560 16 from from IN 12299 1560 17 one one CD 12299 1560 18 tree tree NN 12299 1560 19 to to TO 12299 1560 20 form form VB 12299 1560 21 a a DT 12299 1560 22 series series NN 12299 1560 23 for for IN 12299 1560 24 various various JJ 12299 1560 25 tests test NNS 12299 1560 26 . . . 12299 1561 1 Moreover moreover RB 12299 1561 2 , , , 12299 1561 3 the the DT 12299 1561 4 drying drying NN 12299 1561 5 process process NN 12299 1561 6 with with IN 12299 1561 7 large large JJ 12299 1561 8 timbers timber NNS 12299 1561 9 is be VBZ 12299 1561 10 very very RB 12299 1561 11 difficult difficult JJ 12299 1561 12 and and CC 12299 1561 13 irregular irregular JJ 12299 1561 14 , , , 12299 1561 15 and and CC 12299 1561 16 requires require VBZ 12299 1561 17 a a DT 12299 1561 18 long long JJ 12299 1561 19 period period NN 12299 1561 20 of of IN 12299 1561 21 time time NN 12299 1561 22 , , , 12299 1561 23 besides besides IN 12299 1561 24 causing cause VBG 12299 1561 25 checks check NNS 12299 1561 26 and and CC 12299 1561 27 internal internal JJ 12299 1561 28 stresses stress NNS 12299 1561 29 which which WDT 12299 1561 30 may may MD 12299 1561 31 obscure obscure VB 12299 1561 32 the the DT 12299 1561 33 results result NNS 12299 1561 34 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1561 35 . . . 12299 1562 1 On on IN 12299 1562 2 the the DT 12299 1562 3 other other JJ 12299 1562 4 hand hand NN 12299 1562 5 , , , 12299 1562 6 the the DT 12299 1562 7 smaller small JJR 12299 1562 8 the the DT 12299 1562 9 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 1562 10 of of IN 12299 1562 11 the the DT 12299 1562 12 test test NN 12299 1562 13 specimen specimen VBZ 12299 1562 14 the the DT 12299 1562 15 greater great JJR 12299 1562 16 becomes become VBZ 12299 1562 17 the the DT 12299 1562 18 relative relative JJ 12299 1562 19 effect effect NN 12299 1562 20 of of IN 12299 1562 21 the the DT 12299 1562 22 inherent inherent JJ 12299 1562 23 factors factor NNS 12299 1562 24 affecting affect VBG 12299 1562 25 the the DT 12299 1562 26 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1562 27 properties property NNS 12299 1562 28 . . . 12299 1563 1 For for IN 12299 1563 2 example example NN 12299 1563 3 , , , 12299 1563 4 the the DT 12299 1563 5 effect effect NN 12299 1563 6 of of IN 12299 1563 7 a a DT 12299 1563 8 knot knot NN 12299 1563 9 of of IN 12299 1563 10 given give VBN 12299 1563 11 size size NN 12299 1563 12 is be VBZ 12299 1563 13 more more RBR 12299 1563 14 serious serious JJ 12299 1563 15 in in IN 12299 1563 16 a a DT 12299 1563 17 small small JJ 12299 1563 18 stick stick NN 12299 1563 19 than than IN 12299 1563 20 in in IN 12299 1563 21 a a DT 12299 1563 22 large large JJ 12299 1563 23 one one NN 12299 1563 24 . . . 12299 1564 1 Moreover moreover RB 12299 1564 2 , , , 12299 1564 3 the the DT 12299 1564 4 smaller small JJR 12299 1564 5 the the DT 12299 1564 6 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1564 7 the the DT 12299 1564 8 fewer few JJR 12299 1564 9 growth growth NN 12299 1564 10 rings ring NNS 12299 1564 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1564 12 contains contain VBZ 12299 1564 13 , , , 12299 1564 14 hence hence RB 12299 1564 15 there there EX 12299 1564 16 is be VBZ 12299 1564 17 greater great JJR 12299 1564 18 opportunity opportunity NN 12299 1564 19 for for IN 12299 1564 20 variation variation NN 12299 1564 21 due due IN 12299 1564 22 to to IN 12299 1564 23 irregularities irregularity NNS 12299 1564 24 of of IN 12299 1564 25 grain grain NN 12299 1564 26 . . . 12299 1565 1 Tests test NNS 12299 1565 2 on on IN 12299 1565 3 large large JJ 12299 1565 4 timbers timber NNS 12299 1565 5 are be VBP 12299 1565 6 considered consider VBN 12299 1565 7 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1565 8 to to TO 12299 1565 9 furnish furnish VB 12299 1565 10 designers designer NNS 12299 1565 11 data datum NNS 12299 1565 12 on on IN 12299 1565 13 the the DT 12299 1565 14 probable probable JJ 12299 1565 15 strength strength NN 12299 1565 16 of of IN 12299 1565 17 the the DT 12299 1565 18 different different JJ 12299 1565 19 sizes size NNS 12299 1565 20 and and CC 12299 1565 21 grades grade NNS 12299 1565 22 of of IN 12299 1565 23 timber timber NN 12299 1565 24 on on IN 12299 1565 25 the the DT 12299 1565 26 market market NN 12299 1565 27 ; ; : 12299 1565 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1565 29 coefficients coefficient NNS 12299 1565 30 of of IN 12299 1565 31 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1565 32 under under IN 12299 1565 33 bending bend VBG 12299 1565 34 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1565 35 since since IN 12299 1565 36 the the DT 12299 1565 37 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 1565 38 rather rather RB 12299 1565 39 than than IN 12299 1565 40 the the DT 12299 1565 41 strength strength NN 12299 1565 42 often often RB 12299 1565 43 determines determine VBZ 12299 1565 44 the the DT 12299 1565 45 size size NN 12299 1565 46 of of IN 12299 1565 47 a a DT 12299 1565 48 beam beam NN 12299 1565 49 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1565 50 ; ; : 12299 1565 51 and and CC 12299 1565 52 the the DT 12299 1565 53 manner manner NN 12299 1565 54 of of IN 12299 1565 55 failure failure NN 12299 1565 56 , , , 12299 1565 57 whether whether IN 12299 1565 58 in in IN 12299 1565 59 bending bend VBG 12299 1565 60 fibre fibre NN 12299 1565 61 stress stress NN 12299 1565 62 or or CC 12299 1565 63 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 1565 64 shear shear NN 12299 1565 65 . . . 12299 1566 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1566 2 is be VBZ 12299 1566 3 believed believe VBN 12299 1566 4 that that IN 12299 1566 5 this this DT 12299 1566 6 information information NN 12299 1566 7 can can MD 12299 1566 8 only only RB 12299 1566 9 be be VB 12299 1566 10 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1566 11 by by IN 12299 1566 12 direct direct JJ 12299 1566 13 tests test NNS 12299 1566 14 on on IN 12299 1566 15 the the DT 12299 1566 16 different different JJ 12299 1566 17 grades grade NNS 12299 1566 18 of of IN 12299 1566 19 car car NN 12299 1566 20 sills sill NNS 12299 1566 21 , , , 12299 1566 22 stringers stringer NNS 12299 1566 23 , , , 12299 1566 24 and and CC 12299 1566 25 other other JJ 12299 1566 26 material material NN 12299 1566 27 in in IN 12299 1566 28 common common JJ 12299 1566 29 use use NN 12299 1566 30 . . . 12299 1567 1 When when WRB 12299 1567 2 small small JJ 12299 1567 3 pieces piece NNS 12299 1567 4 are be VBP 12299 1567 5 selected select VBN 12299 1567 6 for for IN 12299 1567 7 test test NN 12299 1567 8 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1567 9 very very RB 12299 1567 10 often often RB 12299 1567 11 are be VBP 12299 1567 12 clear clear JJ 12299 1567 13 and and CC 12299 1567 14 straight straight RB 12299 1567 15 - - HYPH 12299 1567 16 grained grain VBN 12299 1567 17 , , , 12299 1567 18 and and CC 12299 1567 19 thus thus RB 12299 1567 20 of of IN 12299 1567 21 so so RB 12299 1567 22 much much RB 12299 1567 23 better well JJR 12299 1567 24 grade grade NN 12299 1567 25 than than IN 12299 1567 26 the the DT 12299 1567 27 large large JJ 12299 1567 28 sticks stick NNS 12299 1567 29 that that WDT 12299 1567 30 tests test VBZ 12299 1567 31 upon upon IN 12299 1567 32 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1567 33 may may MD 12299 1567 34 not not RB 12299 1567 35 yield yield VB 12299 1567 36 unit unit NN 12299 1567 37 values value NNS 12299 1567 38 applicable applicable JJ 12299 1567 39 to to IN 12299 1567 40 the the DT 12299 1567 41 larger large JJR 12299 1567 42 sizes size NNS 12299 1567 43 . . . 12299 1568 1 Extensive extensive JJ 12299 1568 2 experiments experiment NNS 12299 1568 3 show show VBP 12299 1568 4 , , , 12299 1568 5 however however RB 12299 1568 6 , , , 12299 1568 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1568 8 1 1 LS 12299 1568 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1568 10 that that IN 12299 1568 11 the the DT 12299 1568 12 modulus modulus NN 12299 1568 13 of of IN 12299 1568 14 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1568 15 is be VBZ 12299 1568 16 approximately approximately RB 12299 1568 17 the the DT 12299 1568 18 same same JJ 12299 1568 19 for for IN 12299 1568 20 large large JJ 12299 1568 21 timbers timber NNS 12299 1568 22 as as IN 12299 1568 23 for for IN 12299 1568 24 small small JJ 12299 1568 25 clear clear JJ 12299 1568 26 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1568 27 cut cut VBN 12299 1568 28 from from IN 12299 1568 29 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1568 30 , , , 12299 1568 31 and and CC 12299 1568 32 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1568 33 2 2 LS 12299 1568 34 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1568 35 that that IN 12299 1568 36 the the DT 12299 1568 37 fibre fibre NN 12299 1568 38 stress stress NN 12299 1568 39 at at IN 12299 1568 40 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1568 41 limit limit NN 12299 1568 42 for for IN 12299 1568 43 large large JJ 12299 1568 44 beams beam NNS 12299 1568 45 is be VBZ 12299 1568 46 , , , 12299 1568 47 except except IN 12299 1568 48 in in IN 12299 1568 49 the the DT 12299 1568 50 weakest weak JJS 12299 1568 51 timbers timber NNS 12299 1568 52 , , , 12299 1568 53 practically practically RB 12299 1568 54 equal equal JJ 12299 1568 55 to to IN 12299 1568 56 the the DT 12299 1568 57 crushing crush VBG 12299 1568 58 strength strength NN 12299 1568 59 of of IN 12299 1568 60 small small JJ 12299 1568 61 clear clear JJ 12299 1568 62 pieces piece NNS 12299 1568 63 of of IN 12299 1568 64 the the DT 12299 1568 65 same same JJ 12299 1568 66 material material NN 12299 1568 67 . . . 12299 1569 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1569 2 57 57 CD 12299 1569 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1569 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1569 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1569 6 57 57 CD 12299 1569 7 : : : 12299 1569 8 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1569 9 . . . 12299 1570 1 108 108 CD 12299 1570 2 , , , 12299 1570 3 U. U. NNP 12299 1570 4 S. S. NNP 12299 1570 5 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1570 6 Service Service NNP 12299 1570 7 : : : 12299 1570 8 Tests test NNS 12299 1570 9 of of IN 12299 1570 10 structural structural JJ 12299 1570 11 timbers timber NNS 12299 1570 12 , , , 12299 1570 13 pp pp NNP 12299 1570 14 . . . 12299 1571 1 53 53 CD 12299 1571 2 - - SYM 12299 1571 3 54 54 CD 12299 1571 4 . . . 12299 1571 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1572 1 MOISTURE MOISTURE NNP 12299 1572 2 DETERMINATION DETERMINATION NNP 12299 1572 3 In in IN 12299 1572 4 order order NN 12299 1572 5 for for IN 12299 1572 6 tests test NNS 12299 1572 7 to to TO 12299 1572 8 be be VB 12299 1572 9 comparable comparable JJ 12299 1572 10 , , , 12299 1572 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1572 12 is be VBZ 12299 1572 13 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1572 14 to to TO 12299 1572 15 know know VB 12299 1572 16 the the DT 12299 1572 17 moisture moisture NN 12299 1572 18 content content NN 12299 1572 19 of of IN 12299 1572 20 the the DT 12299 1572 21 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1572 22 at at IN 12299 1572 23 the the DT 12299 1572 24 zone zone NN 12299 1572 25 of of IN 12299 1572 26 failure failure NN 12299 1572 27 . . . 12299 1573 1 This this DT 12299 1573 2 is be VBZ 12299 1573 3 determined determine VBN 12299 1573 4 from from IN 12299 1573 5 disks disk NNS 12299 1573 6 an an DT 12299 1573 7 inch inch NN 12299 1573 8 thick thick JJ 12299 1573 9 cut cut NN 12299 1573 10 from from IN 12299 1573 11 the the DT 12299 1573 12 timber timber NN 12299 1573 13 immediately immediately RB 12299 1573 14 after after IN 12299 1573 15 testing testing NN 12299 1573 16 . . . 12299 1574 1 In in IN 12299 1574 2 cases case NNS 12299 1574 3 , , , 12299 1574 4 as as IN 12299 1574 5 in in IN 12299 1574 6 large large JJ 12299 1574 7 beams beam NNS 12299 1574 8 , , , 12299 1574 9 where where WRB 12299 1574 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1574 11 is be VBZ 12299 1574 12 desirable desirable JJ 12299 1574 13 to to TO 12299 1574 14 know know VB 12299 1574 15 not not RB 12299 1574 16 only only RB 12299 1574 17 the the DT 12299 1574 18 average average JJ 12299 1574 19 moisture moisture NN 12299 1574 20 content content NN 12299 1574 21 but but CC 12299 1574 22 also also RB 12299 1574 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1574 24 distribution distribution NN 12299 1574 25 through through IN 12299 1574 26 the the DT 12299 1574 27 timber timber NN 12299 1574 28 , , , 12299 1574 29 the the DT 12299 1574 30 disks disk NNS 12299 1574 31 are be VBP 12299 1574 32 cut cut VBN 12299 1574 33 up up RP 12299 1574 34 so so IN 12299 1574 35 as as IN 12299 1574 36 to to TO 12299 1574 37 obtain obtain VB 12299 1574 38 an an DT 12299 1574 39 outside outside NN 12299 1574 40 , , , 12299 1574 41 a a DT 12299 1574 42 middle middle NN 12299 1574 43 , , , 12299 1574 44 and and CC 12299 1574 45 an an DT 12299 1574 46 inner inner JJ 12299 1574 47 portion portion NN 12299 1574 48 , , , 12299 1574 49 of of IN 12299 1574 50 approximately approximately RB 12299 1574 51 equal equal JJ 12299 1574 52 areas area NNS 12299 1574 53 . . . 12299 1575 1 Thus thus RB 12299 1575 2 in in IN 12299 1575 3 a a DT 12299 1575 4 section section NN 12299 1575 5 10 10 CD 12299 1575 6 " " NNS 12299 1575 7 x x SYM 12299 1575 8 12 12 CD 12299 1575 9 " " `` 12299 1575 10 the the DT 12299 1575 11 outer outer JJ 12299 1575 12 strip strip NN 12299 1575 13 would would MD 12299 1575 14 be be VB 12299 1575 15 one one CD 12299 1575 16 inch inch NN 12299 1575 17 wide wide JJ 12299 1575 18 , , , 12299 1575 19 and and CC 12299 1575 20 the the DT 12299 1575 21 second second JJ 12299 1575 22 one one NN 12299 1575 23 a a DT 12299 1575 24 little little JJ 12299 1575 25 more more JJR 12299 1575 26 than than IN 12299 1575 27 an an DT 12299 1575 28 inch inch NN 12299 1575 29 and and CC 12299 1575 30 a a DT 12299 1575 31 quarter quarter NN 12299 1575 32 . . . 12299 1576 1 Moisture moisture NN 12299 1576 2 determinations determination NNS 12299 1576 3 are be VBP 12299 1576 4 made make VBN 12299 1576 5 for for IN 12299 1576 6 each each DT 12299 1576 7 of of IN 12299 1576 8 the the DT 12299 1576 9 three three CD 12299 1576 10 portions portion NNS 12299 1576 11 separately separately RB 12299 1576 12 . . . 12299 1577 1 The the DT 12299 1577 2 procedure procedure NN 12299 1577 3 is be VBZ 12299 1577 4 as as IN 12299 1577 5 follows follow VBZ 12299 1577 6 : : : 12299 1577 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1577 8 1 1 LS 12299 1577 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1577 10 Immediately immediately RB 12299 1577 11 after after IN 12299 1577 12 sawing saw VBG 12299 1577 13 , , , 12299 1577 14 loose loose JJ 12299 1577 15 splinters splinter NNS 12299 1577 16 are be VBP 12299 1577 17 removed remove VBN 12299 1577 18 and and CC 12299 1577 19 each each DT 12299 1577 20 section section NN 12299 1577 21 is be VBZ 12299 1577 22 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1577 23 . . . 12299 1578 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1578 2 2 2 LS 12299 1578 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1578 4 The the DT 12299 1578 5 material material NN 12299 1578 6 is be VBZ 12299 1578 7 put put VBN 12299 1578 8 into into IN 12299 1578 9 a a DT 12299 1578 10 drying drying NN 12299 1578 11 oven oven NN 12299 1578 12 at at IN 12299 1578 13 100 100â CD 12299 1578 14 ° ° NNS 12299 1578 15 C. C. NNP 12299 1578 16 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1578 17 212 212â CD 12299 1578 18 ° ° , 12299 1578 19 F. F. NNP 12299 1578 20 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1578 21 and and CC 12299 1578 22 dried dry VBD 12299 1578 23 until until IN 12299 1578 24 the the DT 12299 1578 25 variation variation NN 12299 1578 26 in in IN 12299 1578 27 weight weight NN 12299 1578 28 for for IN 12299 1578 29 a a DT 12299 1578 30 period period NN 12299 1578 31 of of IN 12299 1578 32 twenty twenty CD 12299 1578 33 - - HYPH 12299 1578 34 four four CD 12299 1578 35 hours hour NNS 12299 1578 36 is be VBZ 12299 1578 37 less less JJR 12299 1578 38 than than IN 12299 1578 39 0.5 0.5 CD 12299 1578 40 per per IN 12299 1578 41 cent cent NN 12299 1578 42 . . . 12299 1579 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1579 2 3 3 LS 12299 1579 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1579 4 The the DT 12299 1579 5 disk disk NN 12299 1579 6 is be VBZ 12299 1579 7 again again RB 12299 1579 8 carefully carefully RB 12299 1579 9 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1579 10 . . . 12299 1580 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1580 2 4 4 LS 12299 1580 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1580 4 The the DT 12299 1580 5 loss loss NN 12299 1580 6 in in IN 12299 1580 7 weight weight NN 12299 1580 8 expressed express VBN 12299 1580 9 in in IN 12299 1580 10 per per IN 12299 1580 11 cent cent NN 12299 1580 12 of of IN 12299 1580 13 the the DT 12299 1580 14 dry dry JJ 12299 1580 15 weight weight NN 12299 1580 16 indicates indicate VBZ 12299 1580 17 the the DT 12299 1580 18 moisture moisture NN 12299 1580 19 content content NN 12299 1580 20 of of IN 12299 1580 21 the the DT 12299 1580 22 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1580 23 from from IN 12299 1580 24 which which WDT 12299 1580 25 the the DT 12299 1580 26 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1580 27 was be VBD 12299 1580 28 cut cut VBN 12299 1580 29 . . . 12299 1581 1 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1581 2 FOR for IN 12299 1581 3 STATIC STATIC NNP 12299 1581 4 TESTS TESTS NNP 12299 1581 5 The the DT 12299 1581 6 standard standard JJ 12299 1581 7 screw screw NN 12299 1581 8 machines machine NNS 12299 1581 9 used use VBN 12299 1581 10 for for IN 12299 1581 11 metal metal NN 12299 1581 12 tests test NNS 12299 1581 13 are be VBP 12299 1581 14 also also RB 12299 1581 15 used use VBN 12299 1581 16 for for IN 12299 1581 17 wood wood NN 12299 1581 18 , , , 12299 1581 19 but but CC 12299 1581 20 in in IN 12299 1581 21 the the DT 12299 1581 22 case case NN 12299 1581 23 of of IN 12299 1581 24 wood wood NN 12299 1581 25 tests test VBZ 12299 1581 26 the the DT 12299 1581 27 readings reading NNS 12299 1581 28 must must MD 12299 1581 29 be be VB 12299 1581 30 taken take VBN 12299 1581 31 " " '' 12299 1581 32 on on IN 12299 1581 33 the the DT 12299 1581 34 fly fly NN 12299 1581 35 , , , 12299 1581 36 " " '' 12299 1581 37 and and CC 12299 1581 38 the the DT 12299 1581 39 machine machine NN 12299 1581 40 operated operate VBD 12299 1581 41 at at IN 12299 1581 42 a a DT 12299 1581 43 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1581 44 speed speed NN 12299 1581 45 without without IN 12299 1581 46 interruption interruption NN 12299 1581 47 from from IN 12299 1581 48 beginning begin VBG 12299 1581 49 to to IN 12299 1581 50 end end NN 12299 1581 51 of of IN 12299 1581 52 the the DT 12299 1581 53 test test NN 12299 1581 54 . . . 12299 1582 1 This this DT 12299 1582 2 is be VBZ 12299 1582 3 on on IN 12299 1582 4 account account NN 12299 1582 5 of of IN 12299 1582 6 the the DT 12299 1582 7 time time NN 12299 1582 8 factor factor NN 12299 1582 9 in in IN 12299 1582 10 the the DT 12299 1582 11 strength strength NN 12299 1582 12 of of IN 12299 1582 13 wood wood NN 12299 1582 14 . . . 12299 1583 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1583 2 See see VB 12299 1583 3 SPEED speed NN 12299 1583 4 OF of IN 12299 1583 5 TESTING testing NN 12299 1583 6 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1583 7 , , , 12299 1583 8 below below RB 12299 1583 9 . . . 12299 1583 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1584 1 The the DT 12299 1584 2 standard standard JJ 12299 1584 3 machines machine NNS 12299 1584 4 for for IN 12299 1584 5 static static JJ 12299 1584 6 tests test NNS 12299 1584 7 can can MD 12299 1584 8 be be VB 12299 1584 9 used use VBN 12299 1584 10 for for IN 12299 1584 11 transverse transverse JJ 12299 1584 12 bending bending NN 12299 1584 13 , , , 12299 1584 14 compression compression NN 12299 1584 15 , , , 12299 1584 16 tension tension NN 12299 1584 17 , , , 12299 1584 18 shear shear NN 12299 1584 19 , , , 12299 1584 20 and and CC 12299 1584 21 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 1584 22 . . . 12299 1585 1 A a DT 12299 1585 2 common common JJ 12299 1585 3 form form NN 12299 1585 4 consists consist VBZ 12299 1585 5 of of IN 12299 1585 6 three three CD 12299 1585 7 main main JJ 12299 1585 8 parts part NNS 12299 1585 9 , , , 12299 1585 10 namely namely RB 12299 1585 11 : : : 12299 1585 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1585 13 1 1 LS 12299 1585 14 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1585 15 the the DT 12299 1585 16 straining strain VBG 12299 1585 17 mechanism mechanism NN 12299 1585 18 , , , 12299 1585 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1585 20 2 2 LS 12299 1585 21 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1585 22 the the DT 12299 1585 23 weighing weighing NN 12299 1585 24 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1585 25 , , , 12299 1585 26 and and CC 12299 1585 27 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1585 28 3 3 LS 12299 1585 29 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1585 30 the the DT 12299 1585 31 machinery machinery NN 12299 1585 32 for for IN 12299 1585 33 communicating communicate VBG 12299 1585 34 motion motion NN 12299 1585 35 to to IN 12299 1585 36 the the DT 12299 1585 37 screws screw NNS 12299 1585 38 . . . 12299 1586 1 The the DT 12299 1586 2 straining strain VBG 12299 1586 3 mechanism mechanism NN 12299 1586 4 consists consist VBZ 12299 1586 5 of of IN 12299 1586 6 two two CD 12299 1586 7 parts part NNS 12299 1586 8 , , , 12299 1586 9 one one CD 12299 1586 10 of of IN 12299 1586 11 which which WDT 12299 1586 12 is be VBZ 12299 1586 13 a a DT 12299 1586 14 movable movable JJ 12299 1586 15 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1586 16 operated operate VBN 12299 1586 17 by by IN 12299 1586 18 four four CD 12299 1586 19 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1586 20 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1586 21 two two CD 12299 1586 22 or or CC 12299 1586 23 three three CD 12299 1586 24 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1586 25 upright upright JJ 12299 1586 26 steel steel NN 12299 1586 27 straining strain VBG 12299 1586 28 screws screw NNS 12299 1586 29 which which WDT 12299 1586 30 pass pass VBP 12299 1586 31 through through IN 12299 1586 32 openings opening NNS 12299 1586 33 in in IN 12299 1586 34 the the DT 12299 1586 35 platform platform NN 12299 1586 36 and and CC 12299 1586 37 bear bear VB 12299 1586 38 upward upward RB 12299 1586 39 on on IN 12299 1586 40 the the DT 12299 1586 41 bed bed NN 12299 1586 42 of of IN 12299 1586 43 the the DT 12299 1586 44 machine machine NN 12299 1586 45 upon upon IN 12299 1586 46 which which WDT 12299 1586 47 the the DT 12299 1586 48 weighing weigh VBG 12299 1586 49 platform platform NN 12299 1586 50 rests rest NNS 12299 1586 51 as as IN 12299 1586 52 a a DT 12299 1586 53 fulcrum fulcrum NN 12299 1586 54 . . . 12299 1587 1 At at IN 12299 1587 2 the the DT 12299 1587 3 lower low JJR 12299 1587 4 ends end NNS 12299 1587 5 of of IN 12299 1587 6 these these DT 12299 1587 7 screws screw NNS 12299 1587 8 are be VBP 12299 1587 9 geared gear VBN 12299 1587 10 nuts nut NNS 12299 1587 11 all all DT 12299 1587 12 rotated rotate VBN 12299 1587 13 simultaneously simultaneously RB 12299 1587 14 by by IN 12299 1587 15 a a DT 12299 1587 16 system system NN 12299 1587 17 of of IN 12299 1587 18 gears gear NNS 12299 1587 19 which which WDT 12299 1587 20 cause cause VBP 12299 1587 21 the the DT 12299 1587 22 movable movable JJ 12299 1587 23 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1587 24 to to TO 12299 1587 25 rise rise VB 12299 1587 26 and and CC 12299 1587 27 fall fall VB 12299 1587 28 as as IN 12299 1587 29 desired desire VBN 12299 1587 30 . . . 12299 1588 1 The the DT 12299 1588 2 stationary stationary JJ 12299 1588 3 part part NN 12299 1588 4 of of IN 12299 1588 5 the the DT 12299 1588 6 straining strain VBG 12299 1588 7 mechanism mechanism NN 12299 1588 8 , , , 12299 1588 9 which which WDT 12299 1588 10 is be VBZ 12299 1588 11 used use VBN 12299 1588 12 only only RB 12299 1588 13 for for IN 12299 1588 14 tension tension NN 12299 1588 15 and and CC 12299 1588 16 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 1588 17 tests test NNS 12299 1588 18 , , , 12299 1588 19 consists consist VBZ 12299 1588 20 of of IN 12299 1588 21 a a DT 12299 1588 22 steel steel NN 12299 1588 23 cage cage NN 12299 1588 24 above above IN 12299 1588 25 the the DT 12299 1588 26 movable movable JJ 12299 1588 27 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1588 28 and and CC 12299 1588 29 rests rest VBZ 12299 1588 30 directly directly RB 12299 1588 31 upon upon IN 12299 1588 32 the the DT 12299 1588 33 weighing weighing NN 12299 1588 34 platform platform NN 12299 1588 35 . . . 12299 1589 1 The the DT 12299 1589 2 top top NN 12299 1589 3 of of IN 12299 1589 4 the the DT 12299 1589 5 cage cage NN 12299 1589 6 contains contain VBZ 12299 1589 7 a a DT 12299 1589 8 square square JJ 12299 1589 9 hole hole NN 12299 1589 10 into into IN 12299 1589 11 which which WDT 12299 1589 12 one one CD 12299 1589 13 end end NN 12299 1589 14 of of IN 12299 1589 15 the the DT 12299 1589 16 test test NN 12299 1589 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1589 18 may may MD 12299 1589 19 be be VB 12299 1589 20 clamped clamp VBN 12299 1589 21 , , , 12299 1589 22 the the DT 12299 1589 23 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1589 24 containing contain VBG 12299 1589 25 a a DT 12299 1589 26 similar similar JJ 12299 1589 27 clamp clamp NN 12299 1589 28 for for IN 12299 1589 29 the the DT 12299 1589 30 other other JJ 12299 1589 31 end end NN 12299 1589 32 , , , 12299 1589 33 in in IN 12299 1589 34 making make VBG 12299 1589 35 tension tension NN 12299 1589 36 tests test NNS 12299 1589 37 . . . 12299 1590 1 For for IN 12299 1590 2 testing test VBG 12299 1590 3 long long JJ 12299 1590 4 beams beam NNS 12299 1590 5 a a DT 12299 1590 6 special special JJ 12299 1590 7 form form NN 12299 1590 8 of of IN 12299 1590 9 machine machine NN 12299 1590 10 with with IN 12299 1590 11 an an DT 12299 1590 12 extended extended JJ 12299 1590 13 platform platform NN 12299 1590 14 is be VBZ 12299 1590 15 used use VBN 12299 1590 16 . . . 12299 1591 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1591 2 See see VB 12299 1591 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1591 4 . . . 12299 1592 1 29 29 CD 12299 1592 2 . . . 12299 1592 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1593 1 The the DT 12299 1593 2 weighing weigh VBG 12299 1593 3 platform platform NN 12299 1593 4 rests rest NNS 12299 1593 5 upon upon IN 12299 1593 6 knife knife NN 12299 1593 7 edges edge NNS 12299 1593 8 carried carry VBN 12299 1593 9 by by IN 12299 1593 10 primary primary JJ 12299 1593 11 levers lever NNS 12299 1593 12 of of IN 12299 1593 13 the the DT 12299 1593 14 weighing weighing NN 12299 1593 15 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1593 16 , , , 12299 1593 17 the the DT 12299 1593 18 fulcrum fulcrum NN 12299 1593 19 being be VBG 12299 1593 20 on on IN 12299 1593 21 the the DT 12299 1593 22 bed bed NN 12299 1593 23 of of IN 12299 1593 24 the the DT 12299 1593 25 machine machine NN 12299 1593 26 , , , 12299 1593 27 and and CC 12299 1593 28 any any DT 12299 1593 29 pressure pressure NN 12299 1593 30 upon upon IN 12299 1593 31 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1593 32 is be VBZ 12299 1593 33 directly directly RB 12299 1593 34 transmitted transmit VBN 12299 1593 35 through through IN 12299 1593 36 a a DT 12299 1593 37 series series NN 12299 1593 38 of of IN 12299 1593 39 levers lever NNS 12299 1593 40 to to IN 12299 1593 41 the the DT 12299 1593 42 weighing weighing NN 12299 1593 43 beam beam NN 12299 1593 44 . . . 12299 1594 1 This this DT 12299 1594 2 beam beam NN 12299 1594 3 is be VBZ 12299 1594 4 adjusted adjust VBN 12299 1594 5 by by IN 12299 1594 6 means mean NNS 12299 1594 7 of of IN 12299 1594 8 a a DT 12299 1594 9 poise poise JJ 12299 1594 10 running running NN 12299 1594 11 on on IN 12299 1594 12 a a DT 12299 1594 13 screw screw NN 12299 1594 14 . . . 12299 1595 1 In in IN 12299 1595 2 operation operation NN 12299 1595 3 the the DT 12299 1595 4 beam beam NN 12299 1595 5 is be VBZ 12299 1595 6 kept keep VBN 12299 1595 7 floating float VBG 12299 1595 8 by by IN 12299 1595 9 means mean NNS 12299 1595 10 of of IN 12299 1595 11 another another DT 12299 1595 12 poise poise NN 12299 1595 13 moved move VBN 12299 1595 14 back back RB 12299 1595 15 and and CC 12299 1595 16 forth forth RB 12299 1595 17 by by IN 12299 1595 18 a a DT 12299 1595 19 screw screw NN 12299 1595 20 which which WDT 12299 1595 21 is be VBZ 12299 1595 22 operated operate VBN 12299 1595 23 by by IN 12299 1595 24 a a DT 12299 1595 25 hand hand NN 12299 1595 26 wheel wheel NN 12299 1595 27 or or CC 12299 1595 28 automatically automatically RB 12299 1595 29 . . . 12299 1596 1 The the DT 12299 1596 2 larger large JJR 12299 1596 3 units unit NNS 12299 1596 4 of of IN 12299 1596 5 stress stress NN 12299 1596 6 are be VBP 12299 1596 7 read read VBN 12299 1596 8 from from IN 12299 1596 9 the the DT 12299 1596 10 graduations graduation NNS 12299 1596 11 along along IN 12299 1596 12 the the DT 12299 1596 13 side side NN 12299 1596 14 of of IN 12299 1596 15 the the DT 12299 1596 16 beam beam NN 12299 1596 17 , , , 12299 1596 18 while while IN 12299 1596 19 the the DT 12299 1596 20 intermediate intermediate JJ 12299 1596 21 smaller small JJR 12299 1596 22 weights weight NNS 12299 1596 23 are be VBP 12299 1596 24 observed observe VBN 12299 1596 25 on on IN 12299 1596 26 the the DT 12299 1596 27 dial dial NN 12299 1596 28 on on IN 12299 1596 29 the the DT 12299 1596 30 rear rear JJ 12299 1596 31 end end NN 12299 1596 32 of of IN 12299 1596 33 the the DT 12299 1596 34 beam beam NN 12299 1596 35 . . . 12299 1597 1 The the DT 12299 1597 2 machine machine NN 12299 1597 3 is be VBZ 12299 1597 4 driven drive VBN 12299 1597 5 by by IN 12299 1597 6 power power NN 12299 1597 7 from from IN 12299 1597 8 a a DT 12299 1597 9 shaft shaft NN 12299 1597 10 or or CC 12299 1597 11 a a DT 12299 1597 12 motor motor NN 12299 1597 13 and and CC 12299 1597 14 is be VBZ 12299 1597 15 so so RB 12299 1597 16 geared gear VBN 12299 1597 17 that that IN 12299 1597 18 various various JJ 12299 1597 19 speeds speed NNS 12299 1597 20 are be VBP 12299 1597 21 obtainable obtainable JJ 12299 1597 22 . . . 12299 1598 1 One one CD 12299 1598 2 man man NN 12299 1598 3 can can MD 12299 1598 4 operate operate VB 12299 1598 5 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1598 6 . . . 12299 1599 1 In in IN 12299 1599 2 making make VBG 12299 1599 3 tests test NNS 12299 1599 4 the the DT 12299 1599 5 operation operation NN 12299 1599 6 of of IN 12299 1599 7 the the DT 12299 1599 8 straining strain VBG 12299 1599 9 screws screw NNS 12299 1599 10 is be VBZ 12299 1599 11 always always RB 12299 1599 12 downward downward JJ 12299 1599 13 so so IN 12299 1599 14 as as IN 12299 1599 15 to to TO 12299 1599 16 bring bring VB 12299 1599 17 pressure pressure NN 12299 1599 18 to to TO 12299 1599 19 bear bear VB 12299 1599 20 upon upon IN 12299 1599 21 the the DT 12299 1599 22 weighing weighing NN 12299 1599 23 platform platform NN 12299 1599 24 . . . 12299 1600 1 For for IN 12299 1600 2 tests test NNS 12299 1600 3 in in IN 12299 1600 4 tension tension NN 12299 1600 5 and and CC 12299 1600 6 cleavage cleavage VB 12299 1600 7 the the DT 12299 1600 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1600 9 is be VBZ 12299 1600 10 placed place VBN 12299 1600 11 between between IN 12299 1600 12 the the DT 12299 1600 13 top top NN 12299 1600 14 of of IN 12299 1600 15 the the DT 12299 1600 16 stationary stationary JJ 12299 1600 17 cage cage NN 12299 1600 18 and and CC 12299 1600 19 the the DT 12299 1600 20 movable movable JJ 12299 1600 21 head head NN 12299 1600 22 and and CC 12299 1600 23 subjected subject VBN 12299 1600 24 to to IN 12299 1600 25 a a DT 12299 1600 26 pull pull NN 12299 1600 27 . . . 12299 1601 1 For for IN 12299 1601 2 tests test NNS 12299 1601 3 in in IN 12299 1601 4 transverse transverse JJ 12299 1601 5 bending bending NN 12299 1601 6 , , , 12299 1601 7 compression compression NN 12299 1601 8 , , , 12299 1601 9 and and CC 12299 1601 10 cleavage cleavage VB 12299 1601 11 the the DT 12299 1601 12 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1601 13 is be VBZ 12299 1601 14 placed place VBN 12299 1601 15 between between IN 12299 1601 16 the the DT 12299 1601 17 movable movable JJ 12299 1601 18 head head NN 12299 1601 19 and and CC 12299 1601 20 the the DT 12299 1601 21 platform platform NN 12299 1601 22 , , , 12299 1601 23 and and CC 12299 1601 24 a a DT 12299 1601 25 direct direct JJ 12299 1601 26 compression compression NN 12299 1601 27 force force NN 12299 1601 28 applied apply VBD 12299 1601 29 . . . 12299 1602 1 Testing testing NN 12299 1602 2 machines machine NNS 12299 1602 3 are be VBP 12299 1602 4 usually usually RB 12299 1602 5 calibrated calibrate VBN 12299 1602 6 to to IN 12299 1602 7 a a DT 12299 1602 8 portion portion NN 12299 1602 9 of of IN 12299 1602 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1602 11 capacity capacity NN 12299 1602 12 before before IN 12299 1602 13 leaving leave VBG 12299 1602 14 the the DT 12299 1602 15 factory factory NN 12299 1602 16 . . . 12299 1603 1 The the DT 12299 1603 2 delicacy delicacy NN 12299 1603 3 of of IN 12299 1603 4 the the DT 12299 1603 5 weighing weigh VBG 12299 1603 6 levers lever NNS 12299 1603 7 is be VBZ 12299 1603 8 verified verify VBN 12299 1603 9 by by IN 12299 1603 10 determining determine VBG 12299 1603 11 the the DT 12299 1603 12 number number NN 12299 1603 13 of of IN 12299 1603 14 pounds pound NNS 12299 1603 15 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1603 16 to to TO 12299 1603 17 move move VB 12299 1603 18 the the DT 12299 1603 19 beam beam NN 12299 1603 20 between between IN 12299 1603 21 the the DT 12299 1603 22 stops stop NNS 12299 1603 23 while while IN 12299 1603 24 a a DT 12299 1603 25 load load NN 12299 1603 26 of of IN 12299 1603 27 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 1603 28 pounds pound NNS 12299 1603 29 rests rest NNS 12299 1603 30 on on IN 12299 1603 31 the the DT 12299 1603 32 platform platform NN 12299 1603 33 . . . 12299 1604 1 The the DT 12299 1604 2 usual usual JJ 12299 1604 3 requirement requirement NN 12299 1604 4 is be VBZ 12299 1604 5 that that IN 12299 1604 6 ten ten CD 12299 1604 7 pounds pound NNS 12299 1604 8 should should MD 12299 1604 9 accomplish accomplish VB 12299 1604 10 this this DT 12299 1604 11 movement movement NN 12299 1604 12 . . . 12299 1605 1 The the DT 12299 1605 2 size size NN 12299 1605 3 of of IN 12299 1605 4 machine machine NN 12299 1605 5 suitable suitable JJ 12299 1605 6 for for IN 12299 1605 7 compression compression NN 12299 1605 8 tests test NNS 12299 1605 9 on on IN 12299 1605 10 2 2 CD 12299 1605 11 " " `` 12299 1605 12 X x NN 12299 1605 13 2 2 CD 12299 1605 14 " " '' 12299 1605 15 sticks stick NNS 12299 1605 16 or or CC 12299 1605 17 for for IN 12299 1605 18 2 2 CD 12299 1605 19 " " `` 12299 1605 20 X x NN 12299 1605 21 2 2 CD 12299 1605 22 " " '' 12299 1605 23 beams beam NNS 12299 1605 24 with with IN 12299 1605 25 26 26 CD 12299 1605 26 to to TO 12299 1605 27 36-inch 36-inch CD 12299 1605 28 span span NN 12299 1605 29 has have VBZ 12299 1605 30 a a DT 12299 1605 31 capacity capacity NN 12299 1605 32 of of IN 12299 1605 33 30,000 30,000 CD 12299 1605 34 pounds pound NNS 12299 1605 35 . . . 12299 1606 1 SPEED SPEED NNP 12299 1606 2 OF of IN 12299 1606 3 TESTING test VBG 12299 1606 4 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1606 5 In in IN 12299 1606 6 instructions instruction NNS 12299 1606 7 for for IN 12299 1606 8 making make VBG 12299 1606 9 static static JJ 12299 1606 10 tests test NNS 12299 1606 11 the the DT 12299 1606 12 rate rate NN 12299 1606 13 of of IN 12299 1606 14 application application NN 12299 1606 15 of of IN 12299 1606 16 the the DT 12299 1606 17 stress stress NN 12299 1606 18 , , , 12299 1606 19 _ _ NNP 12299 1606 20 i.e. i.e. FW 12299 1606 21 _ _ NNP 12299 1606 22 , , , 12299 1606 23 the the DT 12299 1606 24 speed speed NN 12299 1606 25 of of IN 12299 1606 26 the the DT 12299 1606 27 machine machine NN 12299 1606 28 , , , 12299 1606 29 is be VBZ 12299 1606 30 given give VBN 12299 1606 31 because because IN 12299 1606 32 the the DT 12299 1606 33 strength strength NN 12299 1606 34 of of IN 12299 1606 35 wood wood NN 12299 1606 36 varies vary VBZ 12299 1606 37 with with IN 12299 1606 38 the the DT 12299 1606 39 speed speed NN 12299 1606 40 at at IN 12299 1606 41 which which WDT 12299 1606 42 the the DT 12299 1606 43 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1606 44 are be VBP 12299 1606 45 strained strain VBN 12299 1606 46 . . . 12299 1607 1 The the DT 12299 1607 2 speed speed NN 12299 1607 3 of of IN 12299 1607 4 the the DT 12299 1607 5 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1607 6 of of IN 12299 1607 7 the the DT 12299 1607 8 testing testing NN 12299 1607 9 machine machine NN 12299 1607 10 is be VBZ 12299 1607 11 practically practically RB 12299 1607 12 never never RB 12299 1607 13 constant constant JJ 12299 1607 14 , , , 12299 1607 15 due due IN 12299 1607 16 to to IN 12299 1607 17 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 1607 18 defects defect NNS 12299 1607 19 of of IN 12299 1607 20 the the DT 12299 1607 21 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1607 22 and and CC 12299 1607 23 variations variation NNS 12299 1607 24 in in IN 12299 1607 25 the the DT 12299 1607 26 speed speed NN 12299 1607 27 of of IN 12299 1607 28 the the DT 12299 1607 29 motor motor NN 12299 1607 30 , , , 12299 1607 31 but but CC 12299 1607 32 so so RB 12299 1607 33 long long RB 12299 1607 34 as as IN 12299 1607 35 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1607 36 does do VBZ 12299 1607 37 not not RB 12299 1607 38 exceed exceed VB 12299 1607 39 25 25 CD 12299 1607 40 per per IN 12299 1607 41 cent cent NN 12299 1607 42 the the DT 12299 1607 43 results result NNS 12299 1607 44 will will MD 12299 1607 45 not not RB 12299 1607 46 be be VB 12299 1607 47 appreciably appreciably RB 12299 1607 48 affected affect VBN 12299 1607 49 . . . 12299 1608 1 In in IN 12299 1608 2 fact fact NN 12299 1608 3 , , , 12299 1608 4 a a DT 12299 1608 5 change change NN 12299 1608 6 in in IN 12299 1608 7 speed speed NN 12299 1608 8 of of IN 12299 1608 9 50 50 CD 12299 1608 10 per per NN 12299 1608 11 cent cent NN 12299 1608 12 will will MD 12299 1608 13 not not RB 12299 1608 14 cause cause VB 12299 1608 15 the the DT 12299 1608 16 strength strength NN 12299 1608 17 of of IN 12299 1608 18 the the DT 12299 1608 19 wood wood NN 12299 1608 20 to to TO 12299 1608 21 vary vary VB 12299 1608 22 more more JJR 12299 1608 23 than than IN 12299 1608 24 2 2 CD 12299 1608 25 per per NN 12299 1608 26 cent cent NN 12299 1608 27 . . . 12299 1609 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1609 2 58 58 CD 12299 1609 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1609 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1609 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1609 6 58 58 CD 12299 1609 7 : : : 12299 1609 8 See see VB 12299 1609 9 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 1609 10 , , , 12299 1609 11 Harry Harry NNP 12299 1609 12 Donald Donald NNP 12299 1609 13 : : : 12299 1609 14 The the DT 12299 1609 15 effect effect NN 12299 1609 16 of of IN 12299 1609 17 the the DT 12299 1609 18 speed speed NN 12299 1609 19 of of IN 12299 1609 20 testing testing NN 12299 1609 21 upon upon IN 12299 1609 22 the the DT 12299 1609 23 strength strength NN 12299 1609 24 and and CC 12299 1609 25 the the DT 12299 1609 26 standardization standardization NN 12299 1609 27 of of IN 12299 1609 28 tests test NNS 12299 1609 29 for for IN 12299 1609 30 speed speed NN 12299 1609 31 . . . 12299 1610 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 1610 2 . . . 12299 1611 1 Am Am NNP 12299 1611 2 . . . 12299 1612 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 1612 2 . . . 12299 1613 1 for for IN 12299 1613 2 Testing Testing NNP 12299 1613 3 Materials Materials NNPS 12299 1613 4 , , , 12299 1613 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 1613 6 . . . 12299 1614 1 VIII VIII NNP 12299 1614 2 , , , 12299 1614 3 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 12299 1614 4 , , , 12299 1614 5 1908 1908 CD 12299 1614 6 . . . 12299 1614 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1615 1 Following follow VBG 12299 1615 2 are be VBP 12299 1615 3 the the DT 12299 1615 4 formulà formulà NNP 12299 1615 5 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1615 6 used use VBN 12299 1615 7 in in IN 12299 1615 8 determining determine VBG 12299 1615 9 the the DT 12299 1615 10 speed speed NN 12299 1615 11 of of IN 12299 1615 12 the the DT 12299 1615 13 movable movable JJ 12299 1615 14 head head NN 12299 1615 15 of of IN 12299 1615 16 the the DT 12299 1615 17 machine machine NN 12299 1615 18 in in IN 12299 1615 19 inches inch NNS 12299 1615 20 per per IN 12299 1615 21 minute minute NN 12299 1615 22 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1615 23 n n NN 12299 1615 24 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1615 25 : : : 12299 1615 26 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1615 27 1 1 LS 12299 1615 28 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1615 29 For for IN 12299 1615 30 endwise endwise NN 12299 1615 31 compression compression NN 12299 1615 32 n n CC 12299 1615 33 = = SYM 12299 1615 34 Z Z NNP 12299 1615 35 l l NN 12299 1615 36 Z z NN 12299 1615 37 l^{2 l^{2 NN 12299 1615 38 } } -RRB- 12299 1615 39 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1615 40 2 2 CD 12299 1615 41 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1615 42 For for IN 12299 1615 43 beams beam NNS 12299 1615 44 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1615 45 centre centre NN 12299 1615 46 loading loading NNP 12299 1615 47 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1615 48 n n NNP 12299 1615 49 = = SYM 12299 1615 50 --------- --------- NFP 12299 1615 51 6h 6h NN 12299 1615 52 Z Z NNP 12299 1615 53 l^{2 l^{2 NN 12299 1615 54 } } -RRB- 12299 1615 55 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1615 56 3 3 CD 12299 1615 57 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1615 58 For for IN 12299 1615 59 beams beam NNS 12299 1615 60 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1615 61 third third RB 12299 1615 62 - - HYPH 12299 1615 63 pointloading pointloade VBG 12299 1615 64 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1615 65 n n CC 12299 1615 66 = = SYM 12299 1615 67 --------- --------- NFP 12299 1615 68 5.4h 5.4h CD 12299 1615 69 Z z NN 12299 1615 70 = = SYM 12299 1615 71 rate rate NN 12299 1615 72 of of IN 12299 1615 73 fibre fibre NN 12299 1615 74 strain strain NN 12299 1615 75 per per IN 12299 1615 76 inch inch NN 12299 1615 77 of of IN 12299 1615 78 fibre fibre NN 12299 1615 79 length length NN 12299 1615 80 . . . 12299 1616 1 l l NNP 12299 1616 2 = = SYM 12299 1616 3 span span NN 12299 1616 4 of of IN 12299 1616 5 beam beam NN 12299 1616 6 or or CC 12299 1616 7 length length NN 12299 1616 8 of of IN 12299 1616 9 compression compression NN 12299 1616 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1616 11 . . . 12299 1617 1 h h LS 12299 1617 2 = = SYM 12299 1617 3 height height NN 12299 1617 4 of of IN 12299 1617 5 beam beam NN 12299 1617 6 . . . 12299 1618 1 The the DT 12299 1618 2 values value NNS 12299 1618 3 commonly commonly RB 12299 1618 4 used use VBN 12299 1618 5 for for IN 12299 1618 6 Z z NN 12299 1618 7 are be VBP 12299 1618 8 as as IN 12299 1618 9 follows follow VBZ 12299 1618 10 : : : 12299 1618 11 Bending bend VBG 12299 1618 12 large large JJ 12299 1618 13 beams beam NNS 12299 1618 14 Z z NN 12299 1618 15 = = SYM 12299 1618 16 0.0007 0.0007 CD 12299 1618 17 Bending bend VBG 12299 1618 18 small small JJ 12299 1618 19 beams beam NNS 12299 1618 20 Z z NN 12299 1618 21 = = SYM 12299 1618 22 0.0015 0.0015 CD 12299 1618 23 Endwise endwise NN 12299 1618 24 compression compression NN 12299 1618 25 - - HYPH 12299 1618 26 large large JJ 12299 1618 27 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1618 28 Z z NN 12299 1618 29 = = SYM 12299 1618 30 0.0015 0.0015 CD 12299 1618 31 Endwise Endwise NNP 12299 1618 32 compression compression NN 12299 1618 33 - - HYPH 12299 1618 34 small small JJ 12299 1618 35 " " `` 12299 1618 36 Z z NN 12299 1618 37 = = SYM 12299 1618 38 0.003 0.003 CD 12299 1618 39 Right right RB 12299 1618 40 - - HYPH 12299 1618 41 angled angle VBN 12299 1618 42 compression compression NN 12299 1618 43 - - HYPH 12299 1618 44 large large JJ 12299 1618 45 " " `` 12299 1618 46 Z z NN 12299 1618 47 = = SYM 12299 1618 48 0.007 0.007 CD 12299 1618 49 Right right UH 12299 1618 50 - - HYPH 12299 1618 51 angled angle VBN 12299 1618 52 compression compression NN 12299 1618 53 - - HYPH 12299 1618 54 small small JJ 12299 1618 55 " " `` 12299 1618 56 Z z NN 12299 1618 57 = = SYM 12299 1618 58 0.015 0.015 CD 12299 1618 59 Shearing shear VBG 12299 1618 60 parallel parallel NN 12299 1618 61 to to IN 12299 1618 62 the the DT 12299 1618 63 grain grain NN 12299 1618 64 Z z NN 12299 1618 65 = = SYM 12299 1618 66 0.015 0.015 CD 12299 1618 67 Example example NN 12299 1618 68 : : : 12299 1618 69 At at IN 12299 1618 70 what what WDT 12299 1618 71 speed speed NN 12299 1618 72 should should MD 12299 1618 73 the the DT 12299 1618 74 crosshead crosshead JJ 12299 1618 75 move move NN 12299 1618 76 to to TO 12299 1618 77 give give VB 12299 1618 78 the the DT 12299 1618 79 required require VBN 12299 1618 80 rate rate NN 12299 1618 81 of of IN 12299 1618 82 fibre fibre NN 12299 1618 83 strain strain NN 12299 1618 84 in in IN 12299 1618 85 testing test VBG 12299 1618 86 a a DT 12299 1618 87 small small JJ 12299 1618 88 beam beam NN 12299 1618 89 2 2 CD 12299 1618 90 " " `` 12299 1618 91 X x NN 12299 1618 92 2 2 CD 12299 1618 93 " " '' 12299 1618 94 X x NN 12299 1618 95 30 30 CD 12299 1618 96 " " '' 12299 1618 97 . . . 12299 1619 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1619 2 Span Span NNP 12299 1619 3 = = SYM 12299 1619 4 28 28 CD 12299 1619 5 " " '' 12299 1619 6 . . . 12299 1619 7 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1620 1 Substituting substitute VBG 12299 1620 2 these these DT 12299 1620 3 values value NNS 12299 1620 4 in in IN 12299 1620 5 equation equation NN 12299 1620 6 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1620 7 2 2 LS 12299 1620 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1620 9 above above RB 12299 1620 10 : : : 12299 1620 11 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1620 12 0.0015 0.0015 CD 12299 1620 13 X X NNP 12299 1620 14 28 28 CD 12299 1620 15 ^ ^ NN 12299 1620 16 2 2 CD 12299 1620 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1620 18 n n NNP 12299 1620 19 = = SYM 12299 1620 20 ----------------- ----------------- NFP 12299 1620 21 = = SYM 12299 1620 22 0.1 0.1 CD 12299 1620 23 inch inch NN 12299 1620 24 per per IN 12299 1620 25 minute minute NN 12299 1620 26 . . . 12299 1621 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1621 2 6 6 CD 12299 1621 3 X x NN 12299 1621 4 2 2 CD 12299 1621 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1621 6 In in IN 12299 1621 7 order order NN 12299 1621 8 that that IN 12299 1621 9 tests test NNS 12299 1621 10 may may MD 12299 1621 11 be be VB 12299 1621 12 intelligently intelligently RB 12299 1621 13 compared compare VBN 12299 1621 14 , , , 12299 1621 15 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1621 16 is be VBZ 12299 1621 17 important important JJ 12299 1621 18 that that IN 12299 1621 19 account account NN 12299 1621 20 be be VB 12299 1621 21 taken take VBN 12299 1621 22 of of IN 12299 1621 23 the the DT 12299 1621 24 speed speed NN 12299 1621 25 at at IN 12299 1621 26 which which WDT 12299 1621 27 the the DT 12299 1621 28 stress stress NN 12299 1621 29 was be VBD 12299 1621 30 applied apply VBN 12299 1621 31 . . . 12299 1622 1 In in IN 12299 1622 2 determining determine VBG 12299 1622 3 the the DT 12299 1622 4 basis basis NN 12299 1622 5 for for IN 12299 1622 6 a a DT 12299 1622 7 ratio ratio NN 12299 1622 8 between between IN 12299 1622 9 time time NN 12299 1622 10 and and CC 12299 1622 11 strength strength NN 12299 1622 12 the the DT 12299 1622 13 rate rate NN 12299 1622 14 of of IN 12299 1622 15 strain strain NN 12299 1622 16 , , , 12299 1622 17 which which WDT 12299 1622 18 is be VBZ 12299 1622 19 controllable controllable JJ 12299 1622 20 , , , 12299 1622 21 and and CC 12299 1622 22 not not RB 12299 1622 23 the the DT 12299 1622 24 ratio ratio NN 12299 1622 25 of of IN 12299 1622 26 stress stress NN 12299 1622 27 , , , 12299 1622 28 which which WDT 12299 1622 29 is be VBZ 12299 1622 30 circumstantial circumstantial JJ 12299 1622 31 , , , 12299 1622 32 should should MD 12299 1622 33 be be VB 12299 1622 34 used use VBN 12299 1622 35 . . . 12299 1623 1 In in IN 12299 1623 2 other other JJ 12299 1623 3 words word NNS 12299 1623 4 , , , 12299 1623 5 the the DT 12299 1623 6 rate rate NN 12299 1623 7 at at IN 12299 1623 8 which which WDT 12299 1623 9 the the DT 12299 1623 10 movable movable JJ 12299 1623 11 head head NN 12299 1623 12 of of IN 12299 1623 13 the the DT 12299 1623 14 testing testing NN 12299 1623 15 machine machine NN 12299 1623 16 descends descend VBZ 12299 1623 17 and and CC 12299 1623 18 not not RB 12299 1623 19 the the DT 12299 1623 20 rate rate NN 12299 1623 21 of of IN 12299 1623 22 increase increase NN 12299 1623 23 in in IN 12299 1623 24 the the DT 12299 1623 25 load load NN 12299 1623 26 is be VBZ 12299 1623 27 to to TO 12299 1623 28 be be VB 12299 1623 29 regulated regulate VBN 12299 1623 30 . . . 12299 1624 1 This this DT 12299 1624 2 ratio ratio NN 12299 1624 3 , , , 12299 1624 4 to to TO 12299 1624 5 which which WDT 12299 1624 6 the the DT 12299 1624 7 name name NN 12299 1624 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1624 9 speed speed NN 12299 1624 10 - - HYPH 12299 1624 11 strength strength NN 12299 1624 12 modulus modulus NN 12299 1624 13 _ _ NNP 12299 1624 14 has have VBZ 12299 1624 15 been be VBN 12299 1624 16 given give VBN 12299 1624 17 , , , 12299 1624 18 may may MD 12299 1624 19 be be VB 12299 1624 20 expressed express VBN 12299 1624 21 as as IN 12299 1624 22 a a DT 12299 1624 23 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 1624 24 which which WDT 12299 1624 25 , , , 12299 1624 26 if if IN 12299 1624 27 multiplied multiply VBN 12299 1624 28 into into IN 12299 1624 29 any any DT 12299 1624 30 proportional proportional JJ 12299 1624 31 change change NN 12299 1624 32 in in IN 12299 1624 33 speed speed NN 12299 1624 34 , , , 12299 1624 35 will will MD 12299 1624 36 give give VB 12299 1624 37 the the DT 12299 1624 38 proportional proportional JJ 12299 1624 39 change change NN 12299 1624 40 in in IN 12299 1624 41 strength strength NN 12299 1624 42 . . . 12299 1625 1 This this DT 12299 1625 2 ratio ratio NN 12299 1625 3 is be VBZ 12299 1625 4 derived derive VBN 12299 1625 5 from from IN 12299 1625 6 empirical empirical JJ 12299 1625 7 curves curve NNS 12299 1625 8 . . . 12299 1626 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1626 2 See see VB 12299 1626 3 Table table NN 12299 1626 4 XVII XVII NNP 12299 1626 5 . . . 12299 1626 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1627 1 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1627 2 | | NNP 12299 1627 3 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 1627 4 XVII XVII NNP 12299 1627 5 TABLE TABLE NNP 12299 1627 6 XVII XVII NNP 12299 1627 7 | | NNP 12299 1627 8 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1627 9 | | CD 12299 1627 10 SPEED SPEED NNP 12299 1627 11 - - HYPH 12299 1627 12 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 1627 13 MODULI modulus NNS 12299 1627 14 AND and CC 12299 1627 15 RELATIVE relative NN 12299 1627 16 INCREASE increase RB 12299 1627 17 IN in IN 12299 1627 18 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 1627 19 AT at IN 12299 1627 20 RATES rate NNS 12299 1627 21 OF of IN 12299 1627 22 FIBRE FIBRE NNP 12299 1627 23 STRAIN STRAIN VBD 12299 1627 24 INCREASING increase VBG 12299 1627 25 IN in IN 12299 1627 26 GEOMETRICAL GEOMETRICAL NNP 12299 1627 27 RATIO RATIO NNP 12299 1627 28 . . . 12299 1628 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1628 2 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 1628 3 , , , 12299 1628 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1628 5 loc loc NN 12299 1628 6 . . . 12299 1629 1 cit cit NNP 12299 1629 2 . . . 12299 1629 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1629 4 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1629 5 | | NNP 12299 1629 6 | | NNS 12299 1629 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1629 8 Values value NNS 12299 1629 9 in in IN 12299 1629 10 parentheses parenthesis NNS 12299 1629 11 are be VBP 12299 1629 12 approximate approximate JJ 12299 1629 13 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1629 14 | | NNP 12299 1629 15 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1629 16 | | NNP 12299 1629 17 Rate Rate NNP 12299 1629 18 of of IN 12299 1629 19 fibre fibre NN 12299 1629 20 strain strain NN 12299 1629 21 . . . 12299 1630 1 | | NNP 12299 1630 2 | | CD 12299 1630 3 | | CD 12299 1630 4 | | CD 12299 1630 5 | | CD 12299 1630 6 | | CD 12299 1630 7 | | CD 12299 1630 8 | | CD 12299 1630 9 | | CD 12299 1630 10 Ten ten CD 12299 1630 11 - - HYPH 12299 1630 12 thousandths thousandth NNS 12299 1630 13 inch inch NN 12299 1630 14 | | CD 12299 1630 15 2/3 2/3 CD 12299 1630 16 | | CD 12299 1630 17 2 2 CD 12299 1630 18 | | CD 12299 1630 19 6 6 CD 12299 1630 20 | | CD 12299 1630 21 18 18 CD 12299 1630 22 | | CD 12299 1630 23 54 54 CD 12299 1630 24 | | CD 12299 1630 25 162 162 CD 12299 1630 26 | | CD 12299 1630 27 486 486 CD 12299 1630 28 | | CD 12299 1630 29 | | NNS 12299 1630 30 per per IN 12299 1630 31 minute minute NN 12299 1630 32 per per IN 12299 1630 33 inch inch NN 12299 1630 34 | | NNP 12299 1630 35 | | NNP 12299 1630 36 | | CD 12299 1630 37 | | CD 12299 1630 38 | | CD 12299 1630 39 | | CD 12299 1630 40 | | CD 12299 1630 41 | | NNP 12299 1630 42 |-------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| |-------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| NNP 12299 1630 43 | | NNP 12299 1630 44 C C NNP 12299 1630 45 | | NNP 12299 1630 46 Speed Speed NNP 12299 1630 47 of of IN 12299 1630 48 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1630 49 . . . 12299 1631 1 | | NNP 12299 1631 2 | | CD 12299 1631 3 | | CD 12299 1631 4 | | CD 12299 1631 5 | | CD 12299 1631 6 | | CD 12299 1631 7 | | CD 12299 1631 8 | | CD 12299 1631 9 | | NNP 12299 1631 10 O o NN 12299 1631 11 | | NNP 12299 1631 12 Inches inch NNS 12299 1631 13 per per IN 12299 1631 14 minute minute JJ 12299 1631 15 | | CD 12299 1631 16 0.000383 0.000383 CD 12299 1631 17 | | CD 12299 1631 18 0.00115 0.00115 CD 12299 1631 19 | | CD 12299 1631 20 0.00345 0.00345 CD 12299 1631 21 | | CD 12299 1631 22 0.0103 0.0103 CD 12299 1631 23 | | CD 12299 1631 24 0.0310 0.0310 CD 12299 1631 25 | | CD 12299 1631 26 0.0931 0.0931 CD 12299 1631 27 | | CD 12299 1631 28 .279 .279 CD 12299 1631 29 | | CD 12299 1631 30 | | NNP 12299 1631 31 M M NNP 12299 1631 32 | | HYPH 12299 1631 33 | | NNP 12299 1631 34 | | CD 12299 1631 35 | | CD 12299 1631 36 | | CD 12299 1631 37 | | CD 12299 1631 38 | | CD 12299 1631 39 | | CD 12299 1631 40 | | CD 12299 1631 41 | | NNP 12299 1631 42 P P NNP 12299 1631 43 |---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| |---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| NNP 12299 1631 44 | | NNP 12299 1631 45 R R NNP 12299 1631 46 | | NNP 12299 1631 47 Specimens Specimens NNP 12299 1631 48 | | NNP 12299 1631 49 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 50 | | NNP 12299 1631 51 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 52 | | NNP 12299 1631 53 All all DT 12299 1631 54 | | NNP 12299 1631 55 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 56 | | NNP 12299 1631 57 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 58 | | NNP 12299 1631 59 All all DT 12299 1631 60 | | NNP 12299 1631 61 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 62 | | NNP 12299 1631 63 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 64 | | NNP 12299 1631 65 All all DT 12299 1631 66 | | NNP 12299 1631 67 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 68 | | NNP 12299 1631 69 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 70 | | NNP 12299 1631 71 All all DT 12299 1631 72 | | NNP 12299 1631 73 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 74 | | NNP 12299 1631 75 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 76 | | NNP 12299 1631 77 All all DT 12299 1631 78 | | NNP 12299 1631 79 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 80 | | NNP 12299 1631 81 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 82 | | NNP 12299 1631 83 All all DT 12299 1631 84 | | NNP 12299 1631 85 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1631 86 | | NNP 12299 1631 87 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1631 88 | | NNP 12299 1631 89 All all DT 12299 1631 90 | | CD 12299 1631 91 | | NNP 12299 1631 92 E E NNP 12299 1631 93 |---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------| |---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------| NNP 12299 1631 94 | | NNP 12299 1631 95 S S NNP 12299 1631 96 | | NNP 12299 1631 97 Relative Relative NNP 12299 1631 98 | | NNP 12299 1631 99 | | NNP 12299 1631 100 | | CD 12299 1631 101 | | CD 12299 1631 102 | | CD 12299 1631 103 | | CD 12299 1631 104 | | CD 12299 1631 105 | | CD 12299 1631 106 | | CD 12299 1631 107 | | CD 12299 1631 108 | | CD 12299 1631 109 | | CD 12299 1631 110 | | CD 12299 1631 111 | | CD 12299 1631 112 | | CD 12299 1631 113 | | CD 12299 1631 114 | | CD 12299 1631 115 | | CD 12299 1631 116 | | CD 12299 1631 117 | | CD 12299 1631 118 | | NNP 12299 1631 119 S S NNP 12299 1631 120 | | NNP 12299 1631 121 crushing crush VBG 12299 1631 122 | | CD 12299 1631 123 | | CD 12299 1631 124 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 1631 125 | | CD 12299 1631 126 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 1631 127 | | CD 12299 1631 128 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 1631 129 | | CD 12299 1631 130 103.4 103.4 CD 12299 1631 131 | | CD 12299 1631 132 100.8 100.8 CD 12299 1631 133 | | CD 12299 1631 134 101.5 101.5 CD 12299 1631 135 | | CD 12299 1631 136 107.5 107.5 CD 12299 1631 137 | | CD 12299 1631 138 102.7 102.7 CD 12299 1631 139 | | CD 12299 1631 140 103.8 103.8 CD 12299 1631 141 | | CD 12299 1631 142 113.9 113.9 CD 12299 1631 143 | | CD 12299 1631 144 105.5 105.5 CD 12299 1631 145 | | CD 12299 1631 146 107.9 107.9 CD 12299 1631 147 | | CD 12299 1631 148 121.3 121.3 CD 12299 1631 149 | | CD 12299 1631 150 108.3 108.3 CD 12299 1631 151 | | CD 12299 1631 152 116.4 116.4 CD 12299 1631 153 | | CD 12299 1631 154 128.8 128.8 CD 12299 1631 155 | | CD 12299 1631 156 110.0 110.0 CD 12299 1631 157 |118.9 |118.9 CD 12299 1631 158 | | CD 12299 1631 159 | | NNS 12299 1631 160 I -PRON- PRP 12299 1631 161 | | CD 12299 1631 162 strength strength NN 12299 1631 163 | | CD 12299 1631 164 | | CD 12299 1631 165 | | CD 12299 1631 166 | | CD 12299 1631 167 | | CD 12299 1631 168 | | CD 12299 1631 169 | | CD 12299 1631 170 | | CD 12299 1631 171 | | CD 12299 1631 172 | | CD 12299 1631 173 | | CD 12299 1631 174 | | CD 12299 1631 175 | | CD 12299 1631 176 | | CD 12299 1631 177 | | CD 12299 1631 178 | | CD 12299 1631 179 | | CD 12299 1631 180 | | CD 12299 1631 181 | | CD 12299 1631 182 | | CD 12299 1631 183 | | NNP 12299 1631 184 O O NNP 12299 1631 185 | | NNP 12299 1631 186 | | NNP 12299 1631 187 | | CD 12299 1631 188 | | CD 12299 1631 189 | | CD 12299 1631 190 | | CD 12299 1631 191 | | CD 12299 1631 192 | | CD 12299 1631 193 | | CD 12299 1631 194 | | CD 12299 1631 195 | | CD 12299 1631 196 | | CD 12299 1631 197 | | CD 12299 1631 198 | | CD 12299 1631 199 | | CD 12299 1631 200 | | CD 12299 1631 201 | | CD 12299 1631 202 | | CD 12299 1631 203 | | CD 12299 1631 204 | | CD 12299 1631 205 | | CD 12299 1631 206 | | NNP 12299 1631 207 N N NNP 12299 1631 208 | | NNP 12299 1631 209 Speed speed NN 12299 1631 210 - - HYPH 12299 1631 211 strength strength NN 12299 1631 212 | | CD 12299 1631 213 | | CD 12299 1631 214 0.017 0.017 CD 12299 1631 215 |(0.006)|(0.009)| |(0.006)|(0.009)| -LRB- 12299 1631 216 0.033 0.033 CD 12299 1631 217 | | CD 12299 1631 218 0.012 0.012 CD 12299 1631 219 | | CD 12299 1631 220 0.016 0.016 CD 12299 1631 221 | | CD 12299 1631 222 0.047 0.047 CD 12299 1631 223 | | CD 12299 1631 224 0.021 0.021 CD 12299 1631 225 | | CD 12299 1631 226 0.029 0.029 CD 12299 1631 227 | | CD 12299 1631 228 0.053 0.053 CD 12299 1631 229 | | CD 12299 1631 230 0.027 0.027 CD 12299 1631 231 | | CD 12299 1631 232 0.039 0.039 CD 12299 1631 233 | | CD 12299 1631 234 0.060 0.060 CD 12299 1631 235 | | CD 12299 1631 236 0.023 0.023 CD 12299 1631 237 | | CD 12299 1631 238 0.049 0.049 CD 12299 1631 239 |(0.052)|(0.015)|(0.040)| |(0.052)|(0.015)|(0.040)| NNP 12299 1631 240 | | NNP 12299 1631 241 | | NNP 12299 1631 242 modulus modulus NN 12299 1631 243 , , , 12299 1631 244 _ _ NNP 12299 1631 245 T T NNP 12299 1631 246 _ _ NNP 12299 1631 247 | | NNP 12299 1631 248 | | NNP 12299 1631 249 | | CD 12299 1631 250 | | CD 12299 1631 251 | | CD 12299 1631 252 | | CD 12299 1631 253 | | CD 12299 1631 254 | | CD 12299 1631 255 | | CD 12299 1631 256 | | CD 12299 1631 257 | | CD 12299 1631 258 | | CD 12299 1631 259 | | CD 12299 1631 260 | | CD 12299 1631 261 | | CD 12299 1631 262 | | CD 12299 1631 263 | | CD 12299 1631 264 | | CD 12299 1631 265 | | CD 12299 1631 266 | | NNP 12299 1631 267 |---+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| |---+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| NNP 12299 1631 268 | | NNP 12299 1631 269 | | NNP 12299 1631 270 Speed Speed NNP 12299 1631 271 of of IN 12299 1631 272 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1631 273 . . . 12299 1632 1 | | NNP 12299 1632 2 | | CD 12299 1632 3 | | CD 12299 1632 4 | | CD 12299 1632 5 | | CD 12299 1632 6 | | CD 12299 1632 7 | | CD 12299 1632 8 | | CD 12299 1632 9 | | CD 12299 1632 10 | | NNS 12299 1632 11 Inches inch NNS 12299 1632 12 per per IN 12299 1632 13 minute minute JJ 12299 1632 14 | | CD 12299 1632 15 0.0072 0.0072 CD 12299 1632 16 | | CD 12299 1632 17 0.0216 0.0216 CD 12299 1632 18 | | CD 12299 1632 19 0.0648 0.0648 CD 12299 1632 20 | | CD 12299 1632 21 0.194 0.194 CD 12299 1632 22 | | CD 12299 1632 23 0.583 0.583 CD 12299 1632 24 | | CD 12299 1632 25 1.75 1.75 CD 12299 1632 26 | | CD 12299 1632 27 5.25 5.25 CD 12299 1632 28 | | CD 12299 1632 29 | | NNP 12299 1632 30 B B NNP 12299 1632 31 | | NNP 12299 1632 32 | | NNP 12299 1632 33 | | CD 12299 1632 34 | | CD 12299 1632 35 | | CD 12299 1632 36 | | CD 12299 1632 37 | | CD 12299 1632 38 | | CD 12299 1632 39 | | CD 12299 1632 40 | | CD 12299 1632 41 E E NNP 12299 1632 42 |---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| |---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------| NNP 12299 1632 43 | | NNP 12299 1632 44 N N NNP 12299 1632 45 | | NNP 12299 1632 46 Specimens Specimens NNP 12299 1632 47 | | NNP 12299 1632 48 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 49 | | NNP 12299 1632 50 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 51 | | NNP 12299 1632 52 All all DT 12299 1632 53 | | NNP 12299 1632 54 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 55 | | NNP 12299 1632 56 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 57 | | NNP 12299 1632 58 All all DT 12299 1632 59 | | NNP 12299 1632 60 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 61 | | NNP 12299 1632 62 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 63 | | NNP 12299 1632 64 All all DT 12299 1632 65 | | NNP 12299 1632 66 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 67 | | NNP 12299 1632 68 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 69 | | NNP 12299 1632 70 All all DT 12299 1632 71 | | NNP 12299 1632 72 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 73 | | NNP 12299 1632 74 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 75 | | NNP 12299 1632 76 All all DT 12299 1632 77 | | NNP 12299 1632 78 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 79 | | NNP 12299 1632 80 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 81 | | NNP 12299 1632 82 All all DT 12299 1632 83 | | NNP 12299 1632 84 Wet Wet NNP 12299 1632 85 | | NNP 12299 1632 86 Dry Dry NNP 12299 1632 87 | | NNP 12299 1632 88 All all DT 12299 1632 89 | | CD 12299 1632 90 | | NNP 12299 1632 91 D D NNP 12299 1632 92 |---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------| |---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------| NNP 12299 1632 93 | | NNP 12299 1632 94 I -PRON- PRP 12299 1632 95 | | NNP 12299 1632 96 Relative Relative NNP 12299 1632 97 | | NNP 12299 1632 98 | | NNP 12299 1632 99 | | CD 12299 1632 100 | | CD 12299 1632 101 | | CD 12299 1632 102 | | CD 12299 1632 103 | | CD 12299 1632 104 | | CD 12299 1632 105 | | CD 12299 1632 106 | | CD 12299 1632 107 | | CD 12299 1632 108 | | CD 12299 1632 109 | | CD 12299 1632 110 | | CD 12299 1632 111 | | CD 12299 1632 112 | | CD 12299 1632 113 | | CD 12299 1632 114 | | CD 12299 1632 115 | | CD 12299 1632 116 | | CD 12299 1632 117 | | CD 12299 1632 118 | | CD 12299 1632 119 | | NNP 12299 1632 120 N n CD 12299 1632 121 | | NNP 12299 1632 122 crushing crush VBG 12299 1632 123 | | CD 12299 1632 124 97.4 97.4 CD 12299 1632 125 | | CD 12299 1632 126 99.0 99.0 CD 12299 1632 127 | | CD 12299 1632 128 98.2 98.2 CD 12299 1632 129 | | CD 12299 1632 130 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 1632 131 | | CD 12299 1632 132 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 1632 133 | | CD 12299 1632 134 100.0 100.0 CD 12299 1632 135 | | CD 12299 1632 136 105.1 105.1 CD 12299 1632 137 | | CD 12299 1632 138 102.1 102.1 CD 12299 1632 139 | | CD 12299 1632 140 103.7 103.7 CD 12299 1632 141 | | CD 12299 1632 142 111.3 111.3 CD 12299 1632 143 | | CD 12299 1632 144 105.8 105.8 CD 12299 1632 145 | | CD 12299 1632 146 108.1 108.1 CD 12299 1632 147 | | CD 12299 1632 148 117.9 117.9 CD 12299 1632 149 | | CD 12299 1632 150 108.6 108.6 CD 12299 1632 151 | | CD 12299 1632 152 112.7 112.7 CD 12299 1632 153 | | CD 12299 1632 154 123.7 123.7 CD 12299 1632 155 | | CD 12299 1632 156 109.6 109.6 CD 12299 1632 157 | | CD 12299 1632 158 116.3 116.3 CD 12299 1632 159 | | CD 12299 1632 160 126.3 126.3 CD 12299 1632 161 | | CD 12299 1632 162 110.3 110.3 CD 12299 1632 163 | | CD 12299 1632 164 118.9 118.9 CD 12299 1632 165 | | CD 12299 1632 166 | | NNP 12299 1632 167 G g NN 12299 1632 168 | | NNP 12299 1632 169 strength strength NN 12299 1632 170 | | CD 12299 1632 171 | | CD 12299 1632 172 | | CD 12299 1632 173 | | CD 12299 1632 174 | | CD 12299 1632 175 | | CD 12299 1632 176 | | CD 12299 1632 177 | | CD 12299 1632 178 | | CD 12299 1632 179 | | CD 12299 1632 180 | | CD 12299 1632 181 | | CD 12299 1632 182 | | CD 12299 1632 183 | | CD 12299 1632 184 | | CD 12299 1632 185 | | CD 12299 1632 186 | | CD 12299 1632 187 | | CD 12299 1632 188 | | CD 12299 1632 189 | | CD 12299 1632 190 | | CD 12299 1632 191 | | CD 12299 1632 192 | | CD 12299 1632 193 | | CD 12299 1632 194 | | CD 12299 1632 195 | | CD 12299 1632 196 | | CD 12299 1632 197 | | CD 12299 1632 198 | | CD 12299 1632 199 | | CD 12299 1632 200 | | CD 12299 1632 201 | | CD 12299 1632 202 | | CD 12299 1632 203 | | CD 12299 1632 204 | | CD 12299 1632 205 | | CD 12299 1632 206 | | CD 12299 1632 207 | | CD 12299 1632 208 | | CD 12299 1632 209 | | CD 12299 1632 210 | | CD 12299 1632 211 | | CD 12299 1632 212 | | CD 12299 1632 213 | | CD 12299 1632 214 | | CD 12299 1632 215 | | CD 12299 1632 216 | | CD 12299 1632 217 | | NNP 12299 1632 218 Speed speed NN 12299 1632 219 - - HYPH 12299 1632 220 strength strength NN 12299 1632 221 |(0.014)|(0.005)| |(0.014)|(0.005)| : 12299 1632 222 0.012 0.012 CD 12299 1632 223 | | CD 12299 1632 224 0.033 0.033 CD 12299 1632 225 | | CD 12299 1632 226 0.014 0.014 CD 12299 1632 227 | | CD 12299 1632 228 0.026 0.026 CD 12299 1632 229 | | CD 12299 1632 230 0.049 0.049 CD 12299 1632 231 | | CD 12299 1632 232 0.026 0.026 CD 12299 1632 233 | | CD 12299 1632 234 0.037 0.037 CD 12299 1632 235 | | CD 12299 1632 236 0.053 0.053 CD 12299 1632 237 | | CD 12299 1632 238 0.033 0.033 CD 12299 1632 239 | | CD 12299 1632 240 0.038 0.038 CD 12299 1632 241 | | CD 12299 1632 242 0.049 0.049 CD 12299 1632 243 | | CD 12299 1632 244 0.014 0.014 CD 12299 1632 245 | | CD 12299 1632 246 0.035 0.035 CD 12299 1632 247 | | CD 12299 1632 248 0.038 0.038 CD 12299 1632 249 | | CD 12299 1632 250 0.006 0.006 CD 12299 1632 251 | | CD 12299 1632 252 0.025 0.025 CD 12299 1632 253 |(0.023)|(0.004)|(0.014)| |(0.023)|(0.004)|(0.014)| NNP 12299 1632 254 | | NNP 12299 1632 255 | | NNP 12299 1632 256 modulus modulus NN 12299 1632 257 , , , 12299 1632 258 _ _ NNP 12299 1632 259 T T NNP 12299 1632 260 _ _ NNP 12299 1632 261 | | NNP 12299 1632 262 | | NNP 12299 1632 263 | | CD 12299 1632 264 | | CD 12299 1632 265 | | CD 12299 1632 266 | | CD 12299 1632 267 | | CD 12299 1632 268 | | CD 12299 1632 269 | | CD 12299 1632 270 | | CD 12299 1632 271 | | CD 12299 1632 272 | | CD 12299 1632 273 | | CD 12299 1632 274 | | CD 12299 1632 275 | | CD 12299 1632 276 | | CD 12299 1632 277 | | CD 12299 1632 278 | | CD 12299 1632 279 | | CD 12299 1632 280 | | CD 12299 1632 281 | | CD 12299 1632 282 | | NNP 12299 1632 283 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1632 284 | | CD 12299 1632 285 NOTE.--The note.--the JJ 12299 1632 286 usual usual JJ 12299 1632 287 speeds speed NNS 12299 1632 288 of of IN 12299 1632 289 testing testing NN 12299 1632 290 at at IN 12299 1632 291 the the DT 12299 1632 292 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1632 293 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1632 294 Service Service NNP 12299 1632 295 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 1632 296 are be VBP 12299 1632 297 at at IN 12299 1632 298 rates rate NNS 12299 1632 299 of of IN 12299 1632 300 fibre fibre NN 12299 1632 301 strain strain NNP 12299 1632 302 | | NNP 12299 1632 303 | | NNP 12299 1632 304 of of IN 12299 1632 305 15 15 CD 12299 1632 306 and and CC 12299 1632 307 10 10 CD 12299 1632 308 ten ten CD 12299 1632 309 - - HYPH 12299 1632 310 thousandths thousandth NNS 12299 1632 311 in in IN 12299 1632 312 . . . 12299 1633 1 per per IN 12299 1633 2 min min NNP 12299 1633 3 . . . 12299 1634 1 per per IN 12299 1634 2 in in IN 12299 1634 3 . . . 12299 1635 1 for for IN 12299 1635 2 compression compression NN 12299 1635 3 and and CC 12299 1635 4 bending bend VBG 12299 1635 5 respectively respectively RB 12299 1635 6 . . . 12299 1636 1 | | NNP 12299 1636 2 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 1636 3 BENDING bend VBG 12299 1636 4 LARGE large NN 12299 1636 5 BEAMS beam NNS 12299 1636 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1636 7 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 1636 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1636 9 : : : 12299 1636 10 A a DT 12299 1636 11 static static JJ 12299 1636 12 bending bend VBG 12299 1636 13 machine machine NN 12299 1636 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1636 15 described describe VBN 12299 1636 16 above above RB 12299 1636 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1636 18 , , , 12299 1636 19 with with IN 12299 1636 20 a a DT 12299 1636 21 special special JJ 12299 1636 22 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1636 23 for for IN 12299 1636 24 third third JJ 12299 1636 25 - - HYPH 12299 1636 26 point point NN 12299 1636 27 loading loading NN 12299 1636 28 and and CC 12299 1636 29 a a DT 12299 1636 30 long long JJ 12299 1636 31 platform platform NN 12299 1636 32 bearing bear VBG 12299 1636 33 knife knife NN 12299 1636 34 - - HYPH 12299 1636 35 edge edge NN 12299 1636 36 supports support NNS 12299 1636 37 , , , 12299 1636 38 is be VBZ 12299 1636 39 required require VBN 12299 1636 40 . . . 12299 1637 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1637 2 See see VB 12299 1637 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1637 4 . . . 12299 1638 1 29 29 CD 12299 1638 2 . . . 12299 1638 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1639 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1639 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1639 3 : : : 12299 1639 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1639 5 . . . 12299 1640 1 29.--Static 29.--static CD 12299 1640 2 bending bend VBG 12299 1640 3 test test NN 12299 1640 4 on on IN 12299 1640 5 large large JJ 12299 1640 6 beam beam NN 12299 1640 7 . . . 12299 1641 1 Note note VB 12299 1641 2 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 1641 3 of of IN 12299 1641 4 wire wire NN 12299 1641 5 and and CC 12299 1641 6 scale scale NN 12299 1641 7 for for IN 12299 1641 8 measuring measure VBG 12299 1641 9 deflection deflection NN 12299 1641 10 ; ; : 12299 1641 11 also also RB 12299 1641 12 method method NN 12299 1641 13 of of IN 12299 1641 14 applying apply VBG 12299 1641 15 load load NN 12299 1641 16 at at IN 12299 1641 17 " " `` 12299 1641 18 third third JJ 12299 1641 19 - - HYPH 12299 1641 20 points point NNS 12299 1641 21 . . . 12299 1641 22 " " '' 12299 1641 23 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1642 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1642 2 Preparing prepare VBG 12299 1642 3 the the DT 12299 1642 4 material material NN 12299 1642 5 _ _ NN 12299 1642 6 : : : 12299 1642 7 Standard standard JJ 12299 1642 8 sizes size NNS 12299 1642 9 and and CC 12299 1642 10 grades grade NNS 12299 1642 11 of of IN 12299 1642 12 beams beam NNS 12299 1642 13 and and CC 12299 1642 14 timbers timber NNS 12299 1642 15 in in IN 12299 1642 16 common common JJ 12299 1642 17 use use NN 12299 1642 18 are be VBP 12299 1642 19 employed employ VBN 12299 1642 20 . . . 12299 1643 1 The the DT 12299 1643 2 ends end NNS 12299 1643 3 are be VBP 12299 1643 4 roughly roughly RB 12299 1643 5 squared square VBN 12299 1643 6 and and CC 12299 1643 7 the the DT 12299 1643 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1643 9 weighed weigh VBD 12299 1643 10 and and CC 12299 1643 11 measured measure VBN 12299 1643 12 , , , 12299 1643 13 taking take VBG 12299 1643 14 the the DT 12299 1643 15 cross cross JJ 12299 1643 16 - - JJ 12299 1643 17 sectional sectional JJ 12299 1643 18 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 1643 19 midway midway RB 12299 1643 20 of of IN 12299 1643 21 the the DT 12299 1643 22 length length NN 12299 1643 23 . . . 12299 1644 1 Weights weight NNS 12299 1644 2 should should MD 12299 1644 3 be be VB 12299 1644 4 to to IN 12299 1644 5 the the DT 12299 1644 6 nearest near JJS 12299 1644 7 pound pound NN 12299 1644 8 , , , 12299 1644 9 lengths length NNS 12299 1644 10 to to IN 12299 1644 11 the the DT 12299 1644 12 nearest near JJS 12299 1644 13 0.1 0.1 CD 12299 1644 14 inch inch NN 12299 1644 15 , , , 12299 1644 16 and and CC 12299 1644 17 cross cross JJ 12299 1644 18 - - JJ 12299 1644 19 sectional sectional JJ 12299 1644 20 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 1644 21 to to IN 12299 1644 22 the the DT 12299 1644 23 nearest near JJS 12299 1644 24 0.01 0.01 CD 12299 1644 25 inch inch NN 12299 1644 26 . . . 12299 1645 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1645 2 Marking Marking NNP 12299 1645 3 and and CC 12299 1645 4 sketching sketch VBG 12299 1645 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1645 6 : : : 12299 1645 7 The the DT 12299 1645 8 butt butt NN 12299 1645 9 end end NN 12299 1645 10 of of IN 12299 1645 11 the the DT 12299 1645 12 beam beam NN 12299 1645 13 is be VBZ 12299 1645 14 marked mark VBN 12299 1645 15 _ _ NNP 12299 1645 16 A A NNP 12299 1645 17 _ _ NNP 12299 1645 18 and and CC 12299 1645 19 the the DT 12299 1645 20 top top JJ 12299 1645 21 end end NN 12299 1645 22 _ _ NNP 12299 1645 23 B B NNP 12299 1645 24 _ _ NNP 12299 1645 25 . . . 12299 1646 1 While while IN 12299 1646 2 facing face VBG 12299 1646 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 4 A A NNP 12299 1646 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 6 , , , 12299 1646 7 the the DT 12299 1646 8 top top JJ 12299 1646 9 side side NN 12299 1646 10 is be VBZ 12299 1646 11 marked mark VBN 12299 1646 12 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 13 a a DT 12299 1646 14 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 15 , , , 12299 1646 16 the the DT 12299 1646 17 right right JJ 12299 1646 18 hand hand NN 12299 1646 19 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 20 b b NNP 12299 1646 21 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 22 , , , 12299 1646 23 the the DT 12299 1646 24 bottom bottom NN 12299 1646 25 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 26 c c NNP 12299 1646 27 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 28 , , , 12299 1646 29 the the DT 12299 1646 30 left left JJ 12299 1646 31 hand hand NN 12299 1646 32 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 33 d d NNP 12299 1646 34 _ _ NNP 12299 1646 35 . . . 12299 1647 1 Sketches sketch NNS 12299 1647 2 are be VBP 12299 1647 3 made make VBN 12299 1647 4 of of IN 12299 1647 5 each each DT 12299 1647 6 side side NN 12299 1647 7 and and CC 12299 1647 8 end end NN 12299 1647 9 , , , 12299 1647 10 showing show VBG 12299 1647 11 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1647 12 1 1 LS 12299 1647 13 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1647 14 size size NN 12299 1647 15 , , , 12299 1647 16 location location NN 12299 1647 17 , , , 12299 1647 18 and and CC 12299 1647 19 condition condition NN 12299 1647 20 of of IN 12299 1647 21 knots knot NNS 12299 1647 22 , , , 12299 1647 23 checks check NNS 12299 1647 24 , , , 12299 1647 25 splits split NNS 12299 1647 26 , , , 12299 1647 27 and and CC 12299 1647 28 other other JJ 12299 1647 29 defects defect NNS 12299 1647 30 ; ; , 12299 1647 31 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1647 32 2 2 LS 12299 1647 33 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1647 34 irregularities irregularity NNS 12299 1647 35 of of IN 12299 1647 36 grain grain NN 12299 1647 37 ; ; : 12299 1647 38 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1647 39 3 3 LS 12299 1647 40 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1647 41 distribution distribution NN 12299 1647 42 of of IN 12299 1647 43 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 1647 44 and and CC 12299 1647 45 sapwood sapwood VBD 12299 1647 46 ; ; : 12299 1647 47 and and CC 12299 1647 48 on on IN 12299 1647 49 the the DT 12299 1647 50 ends end NNS 12299 1647 51 : : : 12299 1647 52 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1647 53 4 4 LS 12299 1647 54 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1647 55 the the DT 12299 1647 56 location location NN 12299 1647 57 of of IN 12299 1647 58 the the DT 12299 1647 59 pith pith NNP 12299 1647 60 and and CC 12299 1647 61 the the DT 12299 1647 62 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 1647 63 of of IN 12299 1647 64 the the DT 12299 1647 65 growth growth NN 12299 1647 66 rings ring NNS 12299 1647 67 , , , 12299 1647 68 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1647 69 5 5 LS 12299 1647 70 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1647 71 number number NN 12299 1647 72 of of IN 12299 1647 73 rings ring NNS 12299 1647 74 per per IN 12299 1647 75 inch inch NN 12299 1647 76 , , , 12299 1647 77 and and CC 12299 1647 78 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1647 79 6 6 LS 12299 1647 80 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1647 81 the the DT 12299 1647 82 proportion proportion NN 12299 1647 83 of of IN 12299 1647 84 late late JJ 12299 1647 85 wood wood NN 12299 1647 86 . . . 12299 1648 1 The the DT 12299 1648 2 number number NN 12299 1648 3 of of IN 12299 1648 4 rings ring NNS 12299 1648 5 per per IN 12299 1648 6 inch inch NN 12299 1648 7 and and CC 12299 1648 8 the the DT 12299 1648 9 proportion proportion NN 12299 1648 10 of of IN 12299 1648 11 late late JJ 12299 1648 12 wood wood NN 12299 1648 13 should should MD 12299 1648 14 always always RB 12299 1648 15 be be VB 12299 1648 16 determined determine VBN 12299 1648 17 along along IN 12299 1648 18 a a DT 12299 1648 19 radius radius NN 12299 1648 20 or or CC 12299 1648 21 a a DT 12299 1648 22 line line NN 12299 1648 23 normal normal JJ 12299 1648 24 to to IN 12299 1648 25 the the DT 12299 1648 26 rings ring NNS 12299 1648 27 . . . 12299 1649 1 The the DT 12299 1649 2 average average JJ 12299 1649 3 number number NN 12299 1649 4 of of IN 12299 1649 5 rings ring NNS 12299 1649 6 per per IN 12299 1649 7 inch inch NN 12299 1649 8 is be VBZ 12299 1649 9 the the DT 12299 1649 10 total total JJ 12299 1649 11 number number NN 12299 1649 12 of of IN 12299 1649 13 rings ring NNS 12299 1649 14 divided divide VBN 12299 1649 15 by by IN 12299 1649 16 the the DT 12299 1649 17 length length NN 12299 1649 18 of of IN 12299 1649 19 the the DT 12299 1649 20 line line NN 12299 1649 21 crossing cross VBG 12299 1649 22 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1649 23 . . . 12299 1650 1 The the DT 12299 1650 2 proportion proportion NN 12299 1650 3 of of IN 12299 1650 4 late late JJ 12299 1650 5 wood wood NN 12299 1650 6 is be VBZ 12299 1650 7 equal equal JJ 12299 1650 8 to to IN 12299 1650 9 the the DT 12299 1650 10 sum sum NN 12299 1650 11 of of IN 12299 1650 12 the the DT 12299 1650 13 widths width NNS 12299 1650 14 of of IN 12299 1650 15 the the DT 12299 1650 16 late late JJ 12299 1650 17 wood wood NN 12299 1650 18 crossed cross VBN 12299 1650 19 by by IN 12299 1650 20 the the DT 12299 1650 21 line line NN 12299 1650 22 , , , 12299 1650 23 divided divide VBN 12299 1650 24 by by IN 12299 1650 25 the the DT 12299 1650 26 length length NN 12299 1650 27 of of IN 12299 1650 28 the the DT 12299 1650 29 line line NN 12299 1650 30 . . . 12299 1651 1 Rings ring NNS 12299 1651 2 per per IN 12299 1651 3 inch inch NN 12299 1651 4 should should MD 12299 1651 5 be be VB 12299 1651 6 to to IN 12299 1651 7 the the DT 12299 1651 8 nearest near JJS 12299 1651 9 0.1 0.1 CD 12299 1651 10 ; ; : 12299 1651 11 late late JJ 12299 1651 12 wood wood NN 12299 1651 13 to to IN 12299 1651 14 the the DT 12299 1651 15 nearest near JJS 12299 1651 16 0.1 0.1 CD 12299 1651 17 per per IN 12299 1651 18 cent cent NN 12299 1651 19 . . . 12299 1652 1 Since since IN 12299 1652 2 in in IN 12299 1652 3 large large JJ 12299 1652 4 beams beam NNS 12299 1652 5 a a DT 12299 1652 6 great great JJ 12299 1652 7 variation variation NN 12299 1652 8 in in IN 12299 1652 9 rate rate NN 12299 1652 10 of of IN 12299 1652 11 growth growth NN 12299 1652 12 and and CC 12299 1652 13 relative relative JJ 12299 1652 14 amount amount NN 12299 1652 15 of of IN 12299 1652 16 late late JJ 12299 1652 17 wood wood NN 12299 1652 18 is be VBZ 12299 1652 19 likely likely JJ 12299 1652 20 in in IN 12299 1652 21 different different JJ 12299 1652 22 parts part NNS 12299 1652 23 of of IN 12299 1652 24 the the DT 12299 1652 25 section section NN 12299 1652 26 , , , 12299 1652 27 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1652 28 is be VBZ 12299 1652 29 advisable advisable JJ 12299 1652 30 to to TO 12299 1652 31 consider consider VB 12299 1652 32 the the DT 12299 1652 33 cross cross NN 12299 1652 34 section section NN 12299 1652 35 in in IN 12299 1652 36 three three CD 12299 1652 37 volumes volume NNS 12299 1652 38 , , , 12299 1652 39 namely namely RB 12299 1652 40 , , , 12299 1652 41 the the DT 12299 1652 42 upper upper JJ 12299 1652 43 and and CC 12299 1652 44 lower low JJR 12299 1652 45 quarters quarter NNS 12299 1652 46 and and CC 12299 1652 47 the the DT 12299 1652 48 middle middle JJ 12299 1652 49 half half NN 12299 1652 50 . . . 12299 1653 1 The the DT 12299 1653 2 determination determination NN 12299 1653 3 should should MD 12299 1653 4 be be VB 12299 1653 5 made make VBN 12299 1653 6 upon upon IN 12299 1653 7 each each DT 12299 1653 8 volume volume NN 12299 1653 9 separately separately RB 12299 1653 10 , , , 12299 1653 11 and and CC 12299 1653 12 the the DT 12299 1653 13 average average NN 12299 1653 14 for for IN 12299 1653 15 the the DT 12299 1653 16 entire entire JJ 12299 1653 17 cross cross NN 12299 1653 18 section section NN 12299 1653 19 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1653 20 from from IN 12299 1653 21 these these DT 12299 1653 22 results result NNS 12299 1653 23 . . . 12299 1654 1 At at IN 12299 1654 2 the the DT 12299 1654 3 conclusion conclusion NN 12299 1654 4 of of IN 12299 1654 5 the the DT 12299 1654 6 test test NN 12299 1654 7 the the DT 12299 1654 8 failure failure NN 12299 1654 9 , , , 12299 1654 10 as as IN 12299 1654 11 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1654 12 appears appear VBZ 12299 1654 13 on on IN 12299 1654 14 each each DT 12299 1654 15 surface surface NN 12299 1654 16 , , , 12299 1654 17 is be VBZ 12299 1654 18 traced trace VBN 12299 1654 19 on on IN 12299 1654 20 the the DT 12299 1654 21 sketches sketch NNS 12299 1654 22 , , , 12299 1654 23 with with IN 12299 1654 24 the the DT 12299 1654 25 failures failure NNS 12299 1654 26 numbered number VBN 12299 1654 27 in in IN 12299 1654 28 the the DT 12299 1654 29 order order NN 12299 1654 30 of of IN 12299 1654 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1654 32 occurrence occurrence NN 12299 1654 33 . . . 12299 1655 1 If if IN 12299 1655 2 the the DT 12299 1655 3 beam beam NN 12299 1655 4 is be VBZ 12299 1655 5 subsequently subsequently RB 12299 1655 6 cut cut VBN 12299 1655 7 up up RP 12299 1655 8 and and CC 12299 1655 9 used use VBN 12299 1655 10 for for IN 12299 1655 11 other other JJ 12299 1655 12 tests test NNS 12299 1655 13 an an DT 12299 1655 14 additional additional JJ 12299 1655 15 sketch sketch NN 12299 1655 16 may may MD 12299 1655 17 be be VB 12299 1655 18 desirable desirable JJ 12299 1655 19 to to TO 12299 1655 20 show show VB 12299 1655 21 the the DT 12299 1655 22 location location NN 12299 1655 23 of of IN 12299 1655 24 each each DT 12299 1655 25 piece piece NN 12299 1655 26 . . . 12299 1656 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1656 2 Adjusting Adjusting NNP 12299 1656 3 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1656 4 in in IN 12299 1656 5 machine machine NN 12299 1656 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1656 7 : : : 12299 1656 8 The the DT 12299 1656 9 beam beam NN 12299 1656 10 is be VBZ 12299 1656 11 placed place VBN 12299 1656 12 in in IN 12299 1656 13 the the DT 12299 1656 14 machine machine NN 12299 1656 15 with with IN 12299 1656 16 the the DT 12299 1656 17 side side NN 12299 1656 18 marked mark VBN 12299 1656 19 _ _ NNP 12299 1656 20 a a DT 12299 1656 21 _ _ NNP 12299 1656 22 on on IN 12299 1656 23 top top NN 12299 1656 24 , , , 12299 1656 25 and and CC 12299 1656 26 with with IN 12299 1656 27 the the DT 12299 1656 28 ends end NNS 12299 1656 29 projecting project VBG 12299 1656 30 equally equally RB 12299 1656 31 beyond beyond IN 12299 1656 32 the the DT 12299 1656 33 supports support NNS 12299 1656 34 . . . 12299 1657 1 In in IN 12299 1657 2 order order NN 12299 1657 3 to to TO 12299 1657 4 prevent prevent VB 12299 1657 5 crushing crushing NN 12299 1657 6 of of IN 12299 1657 7 the the DT 12299 1657 8 fibre fibre NN 12299 1657 9 at at IN 12299 1657 10 the the DT 12299 1657 11 points point NNS 12299 1657 12 where where WRB 12299 1657 13 the the DT 12299 1657 14 stress stress NN 12299 1657 15 is be VBZ 12299 1657 16 applied apply VBN 12299 1657 17 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1657 18 is be VBZ 12299 1657 19 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1657 20 to to TO 12299 1657 21 use use VB 12299 1657 22 bearing bearing NN 12299 1657 23 blocks block NNS 12299 1657 24 of of IN 12299 1657 25 maple maple NN 12299 1657 26 or or CC 12299 1657 27 other other JJ 12299 1657 28 hard hard JJ 12299 1657 29 wood wood NN 12299 1657 30 with with IN 12299 1657 31 a a DT 12299 1657 32 convex convex NNP 12299 1657 33 surface surface NN 12299 1657 34 in in IN 12299 1657 35 contact contact NN 12299 1657 36 with with IN 12299 1657 37 the the DT 12299 1657 38 beam beam NN 12299 1657 39 . . . 12299 1658 1 Roller Roller NNP 12299 1658 2 bearings bearing NNS 12299 1658 3 should should MD 12299 1658 4 be be VB 12299 1658 5 placed place VBN 12299 1658 6 between between IN 12299 1658 7 the the DT 12299 1658 8 bearing bearing NN 12299 1658 9 blocks block NNS 12299 1658 10 and and CC 12299 1658 11 the the DT 12299 1658 12 knife knife NN 12299 1658 13 edges edge NNS 12299 1658 14 of of IN 12299 1658 15 the the DT 12299 1658 16 crosshead crosshead NN 12299 1658 17 to to TO 12299 1658 18 allow allow VB 12299 1658 19 for for IN 12299 1658 20 the the DT 12299 1658 21 shortening shortening NN 12299 1658 22 due due JJ 12299 1658 23 to to IN 12299 1658 24 flexure flexure NN 12299 1658 25 . . . 12299 1659 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1659 2 See see VB 12299 1659 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1659 4 . . . 12299 1660 1 29 29 CD 12299 1660 2 . . . 12299 1660 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1661 1 Third third JJ 12299 1661 2 - - HYPH 12299 1661 3 point point NN 12299 1661 4 loading loading NN 12299 1661 5 is be VBZ 12299 1661 6 used use VBN 12299 1661 7 , , , 12299 1661 8 that that RB 12299 1661 9 is is RB 12299 1661 10 , , , 12299 1661 11 the the DT 12299 1661 12 load load NN 12299 1661 13 is be VBZ 12299 1661 14 applied apply VBN 12299 1661 15 at at IN 12299 1661 16 two two CD 12299 1661 17 points point NNS 12299 1661 18 one one CD 12299 1661 19 - - HYPH 12299 1661 20 third third NN 12299 1661 21 the the DT 12299 1661 22 span span NN 12299 1661 23 of of IN 12299 1661 24 the the DT 12299 1661 25 beam beam NN 12299 1661 26 apart apart RB 12299 1661 27 . . . 12299 1662 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1662 2 See see VB 12299 1662 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1662 4 . . . 12299 1663 1 30 30 CD 12299 1663 2 . . . 12299 1663 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1664 1 This this DT 12299 1664 2 affords afford VBZ 12299 1664 3 a a DT 12299 1664 4 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1664 5 bending bend VBG 12299 1664 6 moment moment NN 12299 1664 7 throughout throughout IN 12299 1664 8 the the DT 12299 1664 9 central central JJ 12299 1664 10 third third NN 12299 1664 11 of of IN 12299 1664 12 the the DT 12299 1664 13 beam beam NN 12299 1664 14 . . . 12299 1665 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1665 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1665 3 : : : 12299 1665 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1665 5 . . . 12299 1666 1 30.--Two 30.--two CD 12299 1666 2 methods method NNS 12299 1666 3 of of IN 12299 1666 4 loading load VBG 12299 1666 5 a a DT 12299 1666 6 beam beam NN 12299 1666 7 , , , 12299 1666 8 namely namely RB 12299 1666 9 , , , 12299 1666 10 third third JJ 12299 1666 11 - - HYPH 12299 1666 12 point point NN 12299 1666 13 loading loading NN 12299 1666 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1666 15 upper upper NNP 12299 1666 16 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1666 17 , , , 12299 1666 18 and and CC 12299 1666 19 centre centre NN 12299 1666 20 loading loading NN 12299 1666 21 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1666 22 lower lower RBR 12299 1666 23 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1666 24 . . . 12299 1666 25 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1667 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1667 2 Measuring measure VBG 12299 1667 3 the the DT 12299 1667 4 deflection deflection NN 12299 1667 5 _ _ NN 12299 1667 6 : : : 12299 1667 7 The the DT 12299 1667 8 method method NN 12299 1667 9 of of IN 12299 1667 10 measuring measure VBG 12299 1667 11 the the DT 12299 1667 12 deflection deflection NN 12299 1667 13 should should MD 12299 1667 14 be be VB 12299 1667 15 such such JJ 12299 1667 16 that that IN 12299 1667 17 any any DT 12299 1667 18 compression compression NN 12299 1667 19 at at IN 12299 1667 20 the the DT 12299 1667 21 points point NNS 12299 1667 22 of of IN 12299 1667 23 support support NN 12299 1667 24 or or CC 12299 1667 25 at at IN 12299 1667 26 the the DT 12299 1667 27 application application NN 12299 1667 28 of of IN 12299 1667 29 the the DT 12299 1667 30 load load NN 12299 1667 31 will will MD 12299 1667 32 not not RB 12299 1667 33 affect affect VB 12299 1667 34 the the DT 12299 1667 35 reading reading NN 12299 1667 36 . . . 12299 1668 1 This this DT 12299 1668 2 may may MD 12299 1668 3 be be VB 12299 1668 4 accomplished accomplish VBN 12299 1668 5 by by IN 12299 1668 6 driving drive VBG 12299 1668 7 a a DT 12299 1668 8 small small JJ 12299 1668 9 nail nail NN 12299 1668 10 near near IN 12299 1668 11 each each DT 12299 1668 12 end end NN 12299 1668 13 of of IN 12299 1668 14 the the DT 12299 1668 15 beam beam NN 12299 1668 16 , , , 12299 1668 17 the the DT 12299 1668 18 exact exact JJ 12299 1668 19 location location NN 12299 1668 20 being be VBG 12299 1668 21 on on IN 12299 1668 22 the the DT 12299 1668 23 neutral neutral JJ 12299 1668 24 plane plane NN 12299 1668 25 and and CC 12299 1668 26 vertically vertically RB 12299 1668 27 above above IN 12299 1668 28 each each DT 12299 1668 29 knife knife NN 12299 1668 30 - - HYPH 12299 1668 31 edge edge NN 12299 1668 32 support support NN 12299 1668 33 . . . 12299 1669 1 Between between IN 12299 1669 2 these these DT 12299 1669 3 nails nail NNS 12299 1669 4 a a DT 12299 1669 5 fine fine JJ 12299 1669 6 wire wire NN 12299 1669 7 is be VBZ 12299 1669 8 stretched stretch VBN 12299 1669 9 free free JJ 12299 1669 10 of of IN 12299 1669 11 the the DT 12299 1669 12 beam beam NN 12299 1669 13 and and CC 12299 1669 14 kept keep VBD 12299 1669 15 taut taut NNP 12299 1669 16 by by IN 12299 1669 17 means mean NNS 12299 1669 18 of of IN 12299 1669 19 a a DT 12299 1669 20 rubber rubber NN 12299 1669 21 band band NN 12299 1669 22 or or CC 12299 1669 23 coiled coil VBD 12299 1669 24 spring spring NN 12299 1669 25 on on IN 12299 1669 26 one one CD 12299 1669 27 end end NN 12299 1669 28 . . . 12299 1670 1 Behind behind IN 12299 1670 2 the the DT 12299 1670 3 wire wire NN 12299 1670 4 at at IN 12299 1670 5 a a DT 12299 1670 6 point point NN 12299 1670 7 on on IN 12299 1670 8 the the DT 12299 1670 9 beam beam NN 12299 1670 10 midway midway NN 12299 1670 11 between between IN 12299 1670 12 the the DT 12299 1670 13 supports support NNS 12299 1670 14 a a DT 12299 1670 15 steel steel NN 12299 1670 16 scale scale NN 12299 1670 17 graduated graduate VBN 12299 1670 18 to to IN 12299 1670 19 hundredths hundredth NNS 12299 1670 20 of of IN 12299 1670 21 an an DT 12299 1670 22 inch inch NN 12299 1670 23 is be VBZ 12299 1670 24 fastened fasten VBN 12299 1670 25 vertically vertically RB 12299 1670 26 by by IN 12299 1670 27 means mean NNS 12299 1670 28 of of IN 12299 1670 29 thumb thumb NN 12299 1670 30 - - HYPH 12299 1670 31 tacks tacks NN 12299 1670 32 or or CC 12299 1670 33 small small JJ 12299 1670 34 screws screw NNS 12299 1670 35 passing pass VBG 12299 1670 36 through through IN 12299 1670 37 holes hole NNS 12299 1670 38 in in IN 12299 1670 39 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1670 40 . . . 12299 1671 1 Attachment attachment NN 12299 1671 2 should should MD 12299 1671 3 be be VB 12299 1671 4 made make VBN 12299 1671 5 on on IN 12299 1671 6 the the DT 12299 1671 7 neutral neutral JJ 12299 1671 8 plane plane NN 12299 1671 9 . . . 12299 1672 1 The the DT 12299 1672 2 first first JJ 12299 1672 3 reading reading NN 12299 1672 4 is be VBZ 12299 1672 5 made make VBN 12299 1672 6 when when WRB 12299 1672 7 the the DT 12299 1672 8 scale scale NN 12299 1672 9 beam beam NN 12299 1672 10 is be VBZ 12299 1672 11 balanced balance VBN 12299 1672 12 at at IN 12299 1672 13 zero zero CD 12299 1672 14 load load NN 12299 1672 15 , , , 12299 1672 16 and and CC 12299 1672 17 afterward afterward RB 12299 1672 18 at at IN 12299 1672 19 regular regular JJ 12299 1672 20 increments increment NNS 12299 1672 21 of of IN 12299 1672 22 the the DT 12299 1672 23 load load NN 12299 1672 24 which which WDT 12299 1672 25 is be VBZ 12299 1672 26 applied apply VBN 12299 1672 27 continuously continuously RB 12299 1672 28 and and CC 12299 1672 29 at at IN 12299 1672 30 a a DT 12299 1672 31 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1672 32 speed speed NN 12299 1672 33 . . . 12299 1673 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1673 2 See see VB 12299 1673 3 SPEED speed NN 12299 1673 4 OF of IN 12299 1673 5 TESTING testing NN 12299 1673 6 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1673 7 , , , 12299 1673 8 above above RB 12299 1673 9 . . . 12299 1673 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1674 1 If if IN 12299 1674 2 desired desire VBN 12299 1674 3 , , , 12299 1674 4 however however RB 12299 1674 5 , , , 12299 1674 6 the the DT 12299 1674 7 load load NN 12299 1674 8 may may MD 12299 1674 9 be be VB 12299 1674 10 read read VBN 12299 1674 11 at at IN 12299 1674 12 regular regular JJ 12299 1674 13 increments increment NNS 12299 1674 14 of of IN 12299 1674 15 deflection deflection NN 12299 1674 16 . . . 12299 1675 1 The the DT 12299 1675 2 deflection deflection NN 12299 1675 3 readings reading NNS 12299 1675 4 should should MD 12299 1675 5 be be VB 12299 1675 6 to to IN 12299 1675 7 the the DT 12299 1675 8 nearest near JJS 12299 1675 9 0.01 0.01 CD 12299 1675 10 inch inch NN 12299 1675 11 . . . 12299 1676 1 To to TO 12299 1676 2 avoid avoid VB 12299 1676 3 error error NN 12299 1676 4 due due IN 12299 1676 5 to to IN 12299 1676 6 parallax parallax NN 12299 1676 7 , , , 12299 1676 8 the the DT 12299 1676 9 readings reading NNS 12299 1676 10 may may MD 12299 1676 11 be be VB 12299 1676 12 taken take VBN 12299 1676 13 by by IN 12299 1676 14 means mean NNS 12299 1676 15 of of IN 12299 1676 16 a a DT 12299 1676 17 reading read VBG 12299 1676 18 telescope telescope NN 12299 1676 19 about about IN 12299 1676 20 ten ten CD 12299 1676 21 feet foot NNS 12299 1676 22 distant distant JJ 12299 1676 23 and and CC 12299 1676 24 approximately approximately RB 12299 1676 25 on on IN 12299 1676 26 a a DT 12299 1676 27 level level NN 12299 1676 28 with with IN 12299 1676 29 the the DT 12299 1676 30 wire wire NN 12299 1676 31 . . . 12299 1677 1 A a DT 12299 1677 2 mirror mirror NN 12299 1677 3 fastened fasten VBD 12299 1677 4 to to IN 12299 1677 5 the the DT 12299 1677 6 scale scale NN 12299 1677 7 will will MD 12299 1677 8 increase increase VB 12299 1677 9 the the DT 12299 1677 10 accuracy accuracy NN 12299 1677 11 of of IN 12299 1677 12 the the DT 12299 1677 13 readings reading NNS 12299 1677 14 if if IN 12299 1677 15 the the DT 12299 1677 16 telescope telescope NN 12299 1677 17 is be VBZ 12299 1677 18 not not RB 12299 1677 19 used use VBN 12299 1677 20 . . . 12299 1678 1 As as IN 12299 1678 2 in in IN 12299 1678 3 all all DT 12299 1678 4 tests test NNS 12299 1678 5 on on IN 12299 1678 6 timber timber NN 12299 1678 7 , , , 12299 1678 8 the the DT 12299 1678 9 strain strain NN 12299 1678 10 must must MD 12299 1678 11 be be VB 12299 1678 12 continuous continuous JJ 12299 1678 13 to to TO 12299 1678 14 rupture rupture VB 12299 1678 15 , , , 12299 1678 16 not not RB 12299 1678 17 intermittent intermittent JJ 12299 1678 18 , , , 12299 1678 19 and and CC 12299 1678 20 readings reading NNS 12299 1678 21 must must MD 12299 1678 22 be be VB 12299 1678 23 taken take VBN 12299 1678 24 " " '' 12299 1678 25 on on IN 12299 1678 26 the the DT 12299 1678 27 fly fly NN 12299 1678 28 . . . 12299 1678 29 " " '' 12299 1679 1 The the DT 12299 1679 2 weighing weighing JJ 12299 1679 3 beam beam NN 12299 1679 4 is be VBZ 12299 1679 5 kept keep VBN 12299 1679 6 balanced balance VBN 12299 1679 7 after after IN 12299 1679 8 the the DT 12299 1679 9 yield yield NN 12299 1679 10 point point NN 12299 1679 11 is be VBZ 12299 1679 12 reached reach VBN 12299 1679 13 and and CC 12299 1679 14 the the DT 12299 1679 15 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1679 16 load load NN 12299 1679 17 , , , 12299 1679 18 and and CC 12299 1679 19 at at RB 12299 1679 20 least least RBS 12299 1679 21 one one CD 12299 1679 22 point point NN 12299 1679 23 beyond beyond IN 12299 1679 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1679 25 , , , 12299 1679 26 noted note VBD 12299 1679 27 . . . 12299 1680 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1680 2 Log Log NNP 12299 1680 3 of of IN 12299 1680 4 the the DT 12299 1680 5 test test NN 12299 1680 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1680 7 : : : 12299 1680 8 The the DT 12299 1680 9 proper proper JJ 12299 1680 10 log log NN 12299 1680 11 sheet sheet NN 12299 1680 12 for for IN 12299 1680 13 this this DT 12299 1680 14 test test NN 12299 1680 15 consists consist VBZ 12299 1680 16 of of IN 12299 1680 17 a a DT 12299 1680 18 piece piece NN 12299 1680 19 of of IN 12299 1680 20 cross cross JJ 12299 1680 21 - - JJ 12299 1680 22 section section NN 12299 1680 23 paper paper NN 12299 1680 24 with with IN 12299 1680 25 space space NN 12299 1680 26 at at IN 12299 1680 27 the the DT 12299 1680 28 margin margin NN 12299 1680 29 for for IN 12299 1680 30 notes note NNS 12299 1680 31 . . . 12299 1681 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1681 2 See see VB 12299 1681 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1681 4 . . . 12299 1682 1 32 32 CD 12299 1682 2 . . . 12299 1682 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1683 1 The the DT 12299 1683 2 load load NN 12299 1683 3 in in IN 12299 1683 4 some some DT 12299 1683 5 convenient convenient JJ 12299 1683 6 unit unit NN 12299 1683 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1683 8 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 1683 9 to to TO 12299 1683 10 10,000 10,000 CD 12299 1683 11 pounds pound NNS 12299 1683 12 , , , 12299 1683 13 depending depend VBG 12299 1683 14 upon upon IN 12299 1683 15 the the DT 12299 1683 16 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 1683 17 of of IN 12299 1683 18 the the DT 12299 1683 19 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1683 20 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1683 21 is be VBZ 12299 1683 22 entered enter VBN 12299 1683 23 on on IN 12299 1683 24 the the DT 12299 1683 25 ordinates ordinate NNS 12299 1683 26 , , , 12299 1683 27 the the DT 12299 1683 28 deflection deflection NN 12299 1683 29 in in IN 12299 1683 30 tenths tenth NNS 12299 1683 31 of of IN 12299 1683 32 an an DT 12299 1683 33 inch inch NN 12299 1683 34 on on IN 12299 1683 35 the the DT 12299 1683 36 abscissà abscissà NNP 12299 1683 37 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1683 38 . . . 12299 1684 1 The the DT 12299 1684 2 increments increment NNS 12299 1684 3 of of IN 12299 1684 4 load load NN 12299 1684 5 should should MD 12299 1684 6 be be VB 12299 1684 7 chosen choose VBN 12299 1684 8 so so IN 12299 1684 9 as as IN 12299 1684 10 to to TO 12299 1684 11 furnish furnish VB 12299 1684 12 about about RB 12299 1684 13 ten ten CD 12299 1684 14 points point NNS 12299 1684 15 on on IN 12299 1684 16 the the DT 12299 1684 17 stress stress NN 12299 1684 18 - - HYPH 12299 1684 19 strain strain NN 12299 1684 20 diagram diagram NN 12299 1684 21 below below IN 12299 1684 22 the the DT 12299 1684 23 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1684 24 limit limit NN 12299 1684 25 . . . 12299 1685 1 As as IN 12299 1685 2 the the DT 12299 1685 3 readings reading NNS 12299 1685 4 of of IN 12299 1685 5 the the DT 12299 1685 6 wire wire NN 12299 1685 7 on on IN 12299 1685 8 the the DT 12299 1685 9 scale scale NN 12299 1685 10 are be VBP 12299 1685 11 made make VBN 12299 1685 12 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1685 13 are be VBP 12299 1685 14 entered enter VBN 12299 1685 15 directly directly RB 12299 1685 16 in in IN 12299 1685 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1685 18 proper proper JJ 12299 1685 19 place place NN 12299 1685 20 on on IN 12299 1685 21 the the DT 12299 1685 22 cross cross JJ 12299 1685 23 - - JJ 12299 1685 24 section section NN 12299 1685 25 paper paper NN 12299 1685 26 . . . 12299 1686 1 In in IN 12299 1686 2 many many JJ 12299 1686 3 cases case NNS 12299 1686 4 a a DT 12299 1686 5 test test NN 12299 1686 6 should should MD 12299 1686 7 be be VB 12299 1686 8 continued continue VBN 12299 1686 9 until until IN 12299 1686 10 complete complete JJ 12299 1686 11 failure failure NN 12299 1686 12 results result NNS 12299 1686 13 . . . 12299 1687 1 The the DT 12299 1687 2 points point NNS 12299 1687 3 where where WRB 12299 1687 4 the the DT 12299 1687 5 various various JJ 12299 1687 6 failures failure NNS 12299 1687 7 occur occur VBP 12299 1687 8 are be VBP 12299 1687 9 indicated indicate VBN 12299 1687 10 on on IN 12299 1687 11 the the DT 12299 1687 12 stress stress NN 12299 1687 13 - - HYPH 12299 1687 14 strain strain NN 12299 1687 15 diagram diagram NN 12299 1687 16 . . . 12299 1688 1 A a DT 12299 1688 2 brief brief JJ 12299 1688 3 description description NN 12299 1688 4 of of IN 12299 1688 5 the the DT 12299 1688 6 failure failure NN 12299 1688 7 is be VBZ 12299 1688 8 made make VBN 12299 1688 9 on on IN 12299 1688 10 the the DT 12299 1688 11 margin margin NN 12299 1688 12 of of IN 12299 1688 13 the the DT 12299 1688 14 log log NN 12299 1688 15 sheet sheet NN 12299 1688 16 , , , 12299 1688 17 and and CC 12299 1688 18 the the DT 12299 1688 19 form form NN 12299 1688 20 traced trace VBN 12299 1688 21 on on IN 12299 1688 22 the the DT 12299 1688 23 sketches sketch NNS 12299 1688 24 . . . 12299 1689 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1689 2 Disposal Disposal NNP 12299 1689 3 of of IN 12299 1689 4 the the DT 12299 1689 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1689 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1689 7 : : : 12299 1689 8 Two two CD 12299 1689 9 one one CD 12299 1689 10 - - HYPH 12299 1689 11 inch inch NN 12299 1689 12 sections section NNS 12299 1689 13 are be VBP 12299 1689 14 cut cut VBN 12299 1689 15 from from IN 12299 1689 16 the the DT 12299 1689 17 region region NN 12299 1689 18 of of IN 12299 1689 19 failure failure NN 12299 1689 20 to to TO 12299 1689 21 be be VB 12299 1689 22 used use VBN 12299 1689 23 in in IN 12299 1689 24 determining determine VBG 12299 1689 25 the the DT 12299 1689 26 moisture moisture NN 12299 1689 27 content content NN 12299 1689 28 . . . 12299 1690 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1690 2 See see VB 12299 1690 3 MOISTURE MOISTURE NNP 12299 1690 4 DETERMINATION DETERMINATION NNP 12299 1690 5 , , , 12299 1690 6 above above RB 12299 1690 7 . . . 12299 1690 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1691 1 A a DT 12299 1691 2 two two CD 12299 1691 3 - - HYPH 12299 1691 4 inch inch NN 12299 1691 5 section section NN 12299 1691 6 may may MD 12299 1691 7 be be VB 12299 1691 8 cut cut VBN 12299 1691 9 for for IN 12299 1691 10 subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 1691 11 reference reference NN 12299 1691 12 and and CC 12299 1691 13 identification identification NN 12299 1691 14 , , , 12299 1691 15 and and CC 12299 1691 16 possible possible JJ 12299 1691 17 microscopic microscopic JJ 12299 1691 18 study study NN 12299 1691 19 . . . 12299 1692 1 The the DT 12299 1692 2 remainder remainder NN 12299 1692 3 of of IN 12299 1692 4 the the DT 12299 1692 5 beam beam NN 12299 1692 6 may may MD 12299 1692 7 be be VB 12299 1692 8 cut cut VBN 12299 1692 9 into into IN 12299 1692 10 small small JJ 12299 1692 11 beams beam NNS 12299 1692 12 and and CC 12299 1692 13 compression compression NN 12299 1692 14 pieces piece NNS 12299 1692 15 . . . 12299 1693 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1693 2 Calculating calculate VBG 12299 1693 3 the the DT 12299 1693 4 results result NNS 12299 1693 5 _ _ XX 12299 1693 6 : : : 12299 1693 7 The the DT 12299 1693 8 formulà formulà NNP 12299 1693 9 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1693 10 used use VBN 12299 1693 11 in in IN 12299 1693 12 calculating calculate VBG 12299 1693 13 the the DT 12299 1693 14 results result NNS 12299 1693 15 of of IN 12299 1693 16 tests test NNS 12299 1693 17 on on IN 12299 1693 18 large large JJ 12299 1693 19 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 1693 20 simple simple JJ 12299 1693 21 beams beam NNS 12299 1693 22 loaded load VBN 12299 1693 23 at at IN 12299 1693 24 third third JJ 12299 1693 25 points point NNS 12299 1693 26 of of IN 12299 1693 27 the the DT 12299 1693 28 span span NN 12299 1693 29 are be VBP 12299 1693 30 as as IN 12299 1693 31 follows follow VBZ 12299 1693 32 : : : 12299 1693 33 0.75 0.75 CD 12299 1693 34 P p NN 12299 1693 35 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 36 1 1 LS 12299 1693 37 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 38 J J NNP 12299 1693 39 = = SYM 12299 1693 40 -------- -------- . 12299 1693 41 b b NN 12299 1693 42 h h NNP 12299 1693 43 l l NN 12299 1693 44 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 45 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1693 46 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 47 + + CC 12299 1693 48 0.75 0.75 CD 12299 1693 49 W w NN 12299 1693 50 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 51 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 52 2 2 LS 12299 1693 53 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 54 r r NN 12299 1693 55 = = SYM 12299 1693 56 -------------------- -------------------- NFP 12299 1693 57 b b NNP 12299 1693 58 h^{2 h^{2 NN 12299 1693 59 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 60 l l NN 12299 1693 61 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 62 P p NN 12299 1693 63 + + CD 12299 1693 64 0.75 0.75 CD 12299 1693 65 W w NN 12299 1693 66 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 67 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 68 3 3 LS 12299 1693 69 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 70 R r NN 12299 1693 71 = = SYM 12299 1693 72 ---------------- ---------------- NFP 12299 1693 73 b b NN 12299 1693 74 h^{2 h^{2 NNP 12299 1693 75 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 76 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1693 77 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 78 l^{3 l^{3 NNP 12299 1693 79 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 80 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 81 4 4 LS 12299 1693 82 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 83 E e NN 12299 1693 84 = = NNS 12299 1693 85 --------------- --------------- NFP 12299 1693 86 4.7 4.7 CD 12299 1693 87 D d NN 12299 1693 88 b b NN 12299 1693 89 h^{3 h^{3 NN 12299 1693 90 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 91 0.87 0.87 CD 12299 1693 92 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1693 93 } } -RRB- 12299 1693 94 D D NNP 12299 1693 95 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1693 96 5 5 CD 12299 1693 97 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1693 98 S s NN 12299 1693 99 = = NFP 12299 1693 100 -------------- -------------- NFP 12299 1693 101 2 2 CD 12299 1693 102 V v NN 12299 1693 103 b b NN 12299 1693 104 , , , 12299 1693 105 h h NN 12299 1693 106 , , , 12299 1693 107 l l NNP 12299 1693 108 = = SYM 12299 1693 109 breadth breadth NN 12299 1693 110 , , , 12299 1693 111 height height NN 12299 1693 112 , , , 12299 1693 113 and and CC 12299 1693 114 span span NN 12299 1693 115 of of IN 12299 1693 116 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1693 117 , , , 12299 1693 118 inches inch NNS 12299 1693 119 . . . 12299 1694 1 D D NNP 12299 1694 2 = = SYM 12299 1694 3 total total JJ 12299 1694 4 deflection deflection NN 12299 1694 5 at at IN 12299 1694 6 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1694 7 limit limit NN 12299 1694 8 , , , 12299 1694 9 inches inch NNS 12299 1694 10 . . . 12299 1695 1 P p NN 12299 1695 2 = = SYM 12299 1695 3 maximum maximum NN 12299 1695 4 load load NN 12299 1695 5 , , , 12299 1695 6 pounds pound NNS 12299 1695 7 . . . 12299 1696 1 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1696 2 } } -RRB- 12299 1696 3 = = SYM 12299 1696 4 load load NN 12299 1696 5 at at IN 12299 1696 6 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1696 7 limit limit NN 12299 1696 8 , , , 12299 1696 9 pounds pound NNS 12299 1696 10 . . . 12299 1697 1 E E NNP 12299 1697 2 = = SYM 12299 1697 3 modulus modulus NN 12299 1697 4 of of IN 12299 1697 5 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1697 6 , , , 12299 1697 7 pounds pound NNS 12299 1697 8 per per IN 12299 1697 9 square square JJ 12299 1697 10 inch inch NN 12299 1697 11 . . . 12299 1698 1 r r LS 12299 1698 2 = = SYM 12299 1698 3 fibre fibre NN 12299 1698 4 stress stress NN 12299 1698 5 at at IN 12299 1698 6 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1698 7 limit limit NN 12299 1698 8 , , , 12299 1698 9 pounds pound NNS 12299 1698 10 per per IN 12299 1698 11 sq sq NN 12299 1698 12 . . . 12299 1699 1 inch inch NN 12299 1699 2 . . . 12299 1700 1 R r NN 12299 1700 2 = = SYM 12299 1700 3 modulus modulus NN 12299 1700 4 of of IN 12299 1700 5 rupture rupture NN 12299 1700 6 , , , 12299 1700 7 pounds pound NNS 12299 1700 8 per per IN 12299 1700 9 square square JJ 12299 1700 10 inch inch NN 12299 1700 11 . . . 12299 1701 1 S S NNP 12299 1701 2 = = SYM 12299 1701 3 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1701 4 resilience resilience NN 12299 1701 5 or or CC 12299 1701 6 work work NN 12299 1701 7 to to IN 12299 1701 8 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1701 9 limit limit NN 12299 1701 10 , , , 12299 1701 11 inch inch NN 12299 1701 12 - - HYPH 12299 1701 13 pounds pound NNS 12299 1701 14 per per IN 12299 1701 15 cu cu XX 12299 1701 16 . . . 12299 1702 1 in in IN 12299 1702 2 . . . 12299 1703 1 J J NNP 12299 1703 2 = = SYM 12299 1703 3 greatest great JJS 12299 1703 4 calculated calculate VBN 12299 1703 5 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 12299 1703 6 shear shear NN 12299 1703 7 , , , 12299 1703 8 pounds pound NNS 12299 1703 9 per per IN 12299 1703 10 square square JJ 12299 1703 11 inch inch NN 12299 1703 12 . . . 12299 1704 1 V v NN 12299 1704 2 = = SYM 12299 1704 3 volume volume NN 12299 1704 4 of of IN 12299 1704 5 beam beam NN 12299 1704 6 , , , 12299 1704 7 cubic cubic JJ 12299 1704 8 inches inch NNS 12299 1704 9 . . . 12299 1705 1 W w NN 12299 1705 2 = = SYM 12299 1705 3 weight weight NN 12299 1705 4 of of IN 12299 1705 5 the the DT 12299 1705 6 beam beam NN 12299 1705 7 . . . 12299 1706 1 In in IN 12299 1706 2 large large JJ 12299 1706 3 beams beam NNS 12299 1706 4 the the DT 12299 1706 5 weight weight NN 12299 1706 6 should should MD 12299 1706 7 be be VB 12299 1706 8 taken take VBN 12299 1706 9 into into IN 12299 1706 10 account account NN 12299 1706 11 in in IN 12299 1706 12 calculating calculate VBG 12299 1706 13 the the DT 12299 1706 14 fibre fibre NN 12299 1706 15 stress stress NN 12299 1706 16 . . . 12299 1707 1 In in IN 12299 1707 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1707 3 2 2 CD 12299 1707 4 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1707 5 and and CC 12299 1707 6 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1707 7 3 3 LS 12299 1707 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1707 9 three three CD 12299 1707 10 - - HYPH 12299 1707 11 fourths fourth NNS 12299 1707 12 of of IN 12299 1707 13 the the DT 12299 1707 14 weight weight NN 12299 1707 15 of of IN 12299 1707 16 the the DT 12299 1707 17 beam beam NN 12299 1707 18 is be VBZ 12299 1707 19 added add VBN 12299 1707 20 to to IN 12299 1707 21 the the DT 12299 1707 22 load load NN 12299 1707 23 for for IN 12299 1707 24 this this DT 12299 1707 25 reason reason NN 12299 1707 26 . . . 12299 1708 1 BENDING bend VBG 12299 1708 2 SMALL SMALL NNP 12299 1708 3 BEAMS BEAMS NNP 12299 1708 4 _ _ NNP 12299 1708 5 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 1708 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1708 7 : : : 12299 1708 8 An an DT 12299 1708 9 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1708 10 static static JJ 12299 1708 11 bending bending NN 12299 1708 12 machine machine NN 12299 1708 13 , , , 12299 1708 14 a a DT 12299 1708 15 steel steel NN 12299 1708 16 I -PRON- PRP 12299 1708 17 - - HYPH 12299 1708 18 beam beam NN 12299 1708 19 bearing bearing NN 12299 1708 20 two two CD 12299 1708 21 adjustable adjustable JJ 12299 1708 22 knife knife NN 12299 1708 23 - - HYPH 12299 1708 24 edge edge NN 12299 1708 25 supports support NNS 12299 1708 26 to to TO 12299 1708 27 rest rest VB 12299 1708 28 on on IN 12299 1708 29 the the DT 12299 1708 30 platform platform NN 12299 1708 31 , , , 12299 1708 32 and and CC 12299 1708 33 a a DT 12299 1708 34 special special JJ 12299 1708 35 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 1708 36 , , , 12299 1708 37 are be VBP 12299 1708 38 required require VBN 12299 1708 39 . . . 12299 1709 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1709 2 See see VB 12299 1709 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1709 4 . . . 12299 1710 1 31 31 CD 12299 1710 2 . . . 12299 1710 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1711 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1711 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1711 3 : : : 12299 1711 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1711 5 . . . 12299 1712 1 31.--Static 31.--static LS 12299 1712 2 bending bend VBG 12299 1712 3 test test NN 12299 1712 4 on on IN 12299 1712 5 small small JJ 12299 1712 6 beam beam NN 12299 1712 7 . . . 12299 1713 1 Note note VB 12299 1713 2 the the DT 12299 1713 3 use use NN 12299 1713 4 of of IN 12299 1713 5 the the DT 12299 1713 6 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 1713 7 with with IN 12299 1713 8 indicator indicator NN 12299 1713 9 and and CC 12299 1713 10 dial dial NN 12299 1713 11 for for IN 12299 1713 12 measuring measure VBG 12299 1713 13 the the DT 12299 1713 14 deflection deflection NN 12299 1713 15 ; ; : 12299 1713 16 also also RB 12299 1713 17 roller roller NN 12299 1713 18 bearings bearing NNS 12299 1713 19 between between IN 12299 1713 20 beam beam NN 12299 1713 21 and and CC 12299 1713 22 supports support NNS 12299 1713 23 . . . 12299 1713 24 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1714 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1714 2 Preparing prepare VBG 12299 1714 3 the the DT 12299 1714 4 material material NN 12299 1714 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1714 6 : : : 12299 1714 7 The the DT 12299 1714 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1714 9 may may MD 12299 1714 10 be be VB 12299 1714 11 of of IN 12299 1714 12 any any DT 12299 1714 13 convenient convenient JJ 12299 1714 14 size size NN 12299 1714 15 , , , 12299 1714 16 though though IN 12299 1714 17 beams beam NNS 12299 1714 18 2 2 CD 12299 1714 19 " " `` 12299 1714 20 X x NN 12299 1714 21 2 2 CD 12299 1714 22 " " '' 12299 1714 23 X x NN 12299 1714 24 30 30 CD 12299 1714 25 " " '' 12299 1714 26 tested test VBN 12299 1714 27 over over IN 12299 1714 28 a a DT 12299 1714 29 28-inch 28-inch CD 12299 1714 30 span span NN 12299 1714 31 , , , 12299 1714 32 are be VBP 12299 1714 33 considered consider VBN 12299 1714 34 best good JJS 12299 1714 35 . . . 12299 1715 1 The the DT 12299 1715 2 beams beam NNS 12299 1715 3 are be VBP 12299 1715 4 surfaced surface VBN 12299 1715 5 on on IN 12299 1715 6 all all DT 12299 1715 7 four four CD 12299 1715 8 sides side NNS 12299 1715 9 , , , 12299 1715 10 care care NN 12299 1715 11 being being NN 12299 1715 12 taken take VBN 12299 1715 13 that that IN 12299 1715 14 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1715 15 are be VBP 12299 1715 16 not not RB 12299 1715 17 damaged damage VBN 12299 1715 18 by by IN 12299 1715 19 the the DT 12299 1715 20 rollers roller NNS 12299 1715 21 of of IN 12299 1715 22 the the DT 12299 1715 23 surfacing surface VBG 12299 1715 24 machine machine NN 12299 1715 25 . . . 12299 1716 1 Material material NN 12299 1716 2 for for IN 12299 1716 3 these these DT 12299 1716 4 tests test NNS 12299 1716 5 is be VBZ 12299 1716 6 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1716 7 cut cut VBN 12299 1716 8 from from IN 12299 1716 9 large large JJ 12299 1716 10 beams beam NNS 12299 1716 11 after after IN 12299 1716 12 failure failure NN 12299 1716 13 . . . 12299 1717 1 The the DT 12299 1717 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1717 3 are be VBP 12299 1717 4 carefully carefully RB 12299 1717 5 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1717 6 in in IN 12299 1717 7 grams gram NNS 12299 1717 8 , , , 12299 1717 9 and and CC 12299 1717 10 all all DT 12299 1717 11 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 1717 12 measured measure VBN 12299 1717 13 to to IN 12299 1717 14 the the DT 12299 1717 15 nearest near JJS 12299 1717 16 0.01 0.01 CD 12299 1717 17 inch inch NN 12299 1717 18 . . . 12299 1718 1 If if IN 12299 1718 2 to to TO 12299 1718 3 be be VB 12299 1718 4 tested test VBN 12299 1718 5 in in IN 12299 1718 6 a a DT 12299 1718 7 green green JJ 12299 1718 8 or or CC 12299 1718 9 fresh fresh JJ 12299 1718 10 condition condition NN 12299 1718 11 the the DT 12299 1718 12 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1718 13 should should MD 12299 1718 14 be be VB 12299 1718 15 kept keep VBN 12299 1718 16 in in IN 12299 1718 17 a a DT 12299 1718 18 damp damp JJ 12299 1718 19 box box NN 12299 1718 20 or or CC 12299 1718 21 covered cover VBN 12299 1718 22 with with IN 12299 1718 23 moist moist NN 12299 1718 24 sawdust sawdust NNP 12299 1718 25 until until IN 12299 1718 26 needed need VBN 12299 1718 27 . . . 12299 1719 1 No no DT 12299 1719 2 defects defect NNS 12299 1719 3 should should MD 12299 1719 4 be be VB 12299 1719 5 allowed allow VBN 12299 1719 6 in in IN 12299 1719 7 these these DT 12299 1719 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1719 9 . . . 12299 1720 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1720 2 Marking Marking NNP 12299 1720 3 and and CC 12299 1720 4 sketching sketch VBG 12299 1720 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1720 6 : : : 12299 1720 7 Sketches sketch NNS 12299 1720 8 are be VBP 12299 1720 9 made make VBN 12299 1720 10 of of IN 12299 1720 11 each each DT 12299 1720 12 end end NN 12299 1720 13 of of IN 12299 1720 14 the the DT 12299 1720 15 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1720 16 to to TO 12299 1720 17 show show VB 12299 1720 18 the the DT 12299 1720 19 character character NN 12299 1720 20 of of IN 12299 1720 21 the the DT 12299 1720 22 growth growth NN 12299 1720 23 , , , 12299 1720 24 and and CC 12299 1720 25 after after IN 12299 1720 26 testing testing NN 12299 1720 27 , , , 12299 1720 28 the the DT 12299 1720 29 manner manner NN 12299 1720 30 of of IN 12299 1720 31 failure failure NN 12299 1720 32 is be VBZ 12299 1720 33 shown show VBN 12299 1720 34 for for IN 12299 1720 35 all all DT 12299 1720 36 four four CD 12299 1720 37 sides side NNS 12299 1720 38 . . . 12299 1721 1 In in IN 12299 1721 2 obtaining obtain VBG 12299 1721 3 data datum NNS 12299 1721 4 regarding regard VBG 12299 1721 5 the the DT 12299 1721 6 rate rate NN 12299 1721 7 of of IN 12299 1721 8 growth growth NN 12299 1721 9 and and CC 12299 1721 10 the the DT 12299 1721 11 proportion proportion NN 12299 1721 12 of of IN 12299 1721 13 late late JJ 12299 1721 14 wood wood NN 12299 1721 15 the the DT 12299 1721 16 same same JJ 12299 1721 17 procedure procedure NN 12299 1721 18 is be VBZ 12299 1721 19 followed follow VBN 12299 1721 20 as as IN 12299 1721 21 with with IN 12299 1721 22 large large JJ 12299 1721 23 beams beam NNS 12299 1721 24 . . . 12299 1722 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1722 2 Adjusting Adjusting NNP 12299 1722 3 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1722 4 in in IN 12299 1722 5 machine machine NN 12299 1722 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1722 7 : : : 12299 1722 8 The the DT 12299 1722 9 beam beam NN 12299 1722 10 should should MD 12299 1722 11 be be VB 12299 1722 12 correctly correctly RB 12299 1722 13 centred centre VBN 12299 1722 14 in in IN 12299 1722 15 the the DT 12299 1722 16 machine machine NN 12299 1722 17 and and CC 12299 1722 18 each each DT 12299 1722 19 end end NN 12299 1722 20 should should MD 12299 1722 21 have have VB 12299 1722 22 a a DT 12299 1722 23 plate plate NN 12299 1722 24 with with IN 12299 1722 25 roller roller NN 12299 1722 26 bearings bearing NNS 12299 1722 27 between between IN 12299 1722 28 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1722 29 and and CC 12299 1722 30 the the DT 12299 1722 31 support support NN 12299 1722 32 . . . 12299 1723 1 Centre centre NN 12299 1723 2 loading loading NN 12299 1723 3 is be VBZ 12299 1723 4 used use VBN 12299 1723 5 . . . 12299 1724 1 Between between IN 12299 1724 2 the the DT 12299 1724 3 movable movable JJ 12299 1724 4 head head NN 12299 1724 5 of of IN 12299 1724 6 the the DT 12299 1724 7 machine machine NN 12299 1724 8 and and CC 12299 1724 9 the the DT 12299 1724 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1724 11 is be VBZ 12299 1724 12 placed place VBN 12299 1724 13 a a DT 12299 1724 14 bearing bearing NN 12299 1724 15 block block NN 12299 1724 16 of of IN 12299 1724 17 maple maple NN 12299 1724 18 or or CC 12299 1724 19 other other JJ 12299 1724 20 hard hard JJ 12299 1724 21 wood wood NN 12299 1724 22 , , , 12299 1724 23 the the DT 12299 1724 24 lower low JJR 12299 1724 25 surface surface NN 12299 1724 26 of of IN 12299 1724 27 which which WDT 12299 1724 28 is be VBZ 12299 1724 29 curved curve VBN 12299 1724 30 in in IN 12299 1724 31 a a DT 12299 1724 32 direction direction NN 12299 1724 33 along along IN 12299 1724 34 the the DT 12299 1724 35 beam beam NN 12299 1724 36 , , , 12299 1724 37 the the DT 12299 1724 38 curvature curvature NN 12299 1724 39 of of IN 12299 1724 40 which which WDT 12299 1724 41 should should MD 12299 1724 42 be be VB 12299 1724 43 slightly slightly RB 12299 1724 44 less less JJR 12299 1724 45 than than IN 12299 1724 46 that that DT 12299 1724 47 of of IN 12299 1724 48 the the DT 12299 1724 49 beam beam NN 12299 1724 50 at at IN 12299 1724 51 rupture rupture NN 12299 1724 52 , , , 12299 1724 53 in in IN 12299 1724 54 order order NN 12299 1724 55 to to TO 12299 1724 56 prevent prevent VB 12299 1724 57 the the DT 12299 1724 58 edges edge NNS 12299 1724 59 from from IN 12299 1724 60 crushing crush VBG 12299 1724 61 into into IN 12299 1724 62 the the DT 12299 1724 63 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1724 64 of of IN 12299 1724 65 the the DT 12299 1724 66 test test NN 12299 1724 67 piece piece NN 12299 1724 68 . . . 12299 1725 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1725 2 Measuring measure VBG 12299 1725 3 the the DT 12299 1725 4 deflection deflection NN 12299 1725 5 _ _ NN 12299 1725 6 : : : 12299 1725 7 The the DT 12299 1725 8 method method NN 12299 1725 9 of of IN 12299 1725 10 measuring measure VBG 12299 1725 11 deflection deflection NN 12299 1725 12 of of IN 12299 1725 13 large large JJ 12299 1725 14 beams beam NNS 12299 1725 15 can can MD 12299 1725 16 be be VB 12299 1725 17 used use VBN 12299 1725 18 for for IN 12299 1725 19 small small JJ 12299 1725 20 sizes size NNS 12299 1725 21 , , , 12299 1725 22 but but CC 12299 1725 23 because because IN 12299 1725 24 of of IN 12299 1725 25 the the DT 12299 1725 26 shortness shortness NN 12299 1725 27 of of IN 12299 1725 28 the the DT 12299 1725 29 span span NN 12299 1725 30 and and CC 12299 1725 31 consequent consequent JJ 12299 1725 32 slight slight JJ 12299 1725 33 deformation deformation NN 12299 1725 34 in in IN 12299 1725 35 the the DT 12299 1725 36 latter latter JJ 12299 1725 37 , , , 12299 1725 38 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1725 39 is be VBZ 12299 1725 40 hardly hardly RB 12299 1725 41 accurate accurate JJ 12299 1725 42 enough enough RB 12299 1725 43 for for IN 12299 1725 44 good good JJ 12299 1725 45 work work NN 12299 1725 46 . . . 12299 1726 1 The the DT 12299 1726 2 special special JJ 12299 1726 3 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 1726 4 shown show VBN 12299 1726 5 in in IN 12299 1726 6 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1726 7 . . . 12299 1727 1 31 31 CD 12299 1727 2 allows allow VBZ 12299 1727 3 closer close JJR 12299 1727 4 reading reading NN 12299 1727 5 , , , 12299 1727 6 as as IN 12299 1727 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1727 8 magnifies magnify VBZ 12299 1727 9 the the DT 12299 1727 10 deflection deflection NN 12299 1727 11 ten ten CD 12299 1727 12 times time NNS 12299 1727 13 . . . 12299 1728 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1728 2 rests rest VBZ 12299 1728 3 on on IN 12299 1728 4 two two CD 12299 1728 5 small small JJ 12299 1728 6 nails nail NNS 12299 1728 7 driven drive VBN 12299 1728 8 in in IN 12299 1728 9 the the DT 12299 1728 10 beam beam NN 12299 1728 11 on on IN 12299 1728 12 the the DT 12299 1728 13 neutral neutral JJ 12299 1728 14 plane plane NN 12299 1728 15 and and CC 12299 1728 16 vertically vertically RB 12299 1728 17 above above IN 12299 1728 18 the the DT 12299 1728 19 supports support NNS 12299 1728 20 . . . 12299 1729 1 The the DT 12299 1729 2 fine fine JJ 12299 1729 3 wire wire NN 12299 1729 4 on on IN 12299 1729 5 the the DT 12299 1729 6 wheel wheel NN 12299 1729 7 at at IN 12299 1729 8 the the DT 12299 1729 9 base base NN 12299 1729 10 of of IN 12299 1729 11 the the DT 12299 1729 12 indicator indicator NN 12299 1729 13 is be VBZ 12299 1729 14 attached attach VBN 12299 1729 15 to to IN 12299 1729 16 another another DT 12299 1729 17 small small JJ 12299 1729 18 nail nail NN 12299 1729 19 driven drive VBN 12299 1729 20 in in IN 12299 1729 21 the the DT 12299 1729 22 beam beam NN 12299 1729 23 on on IN 12299 1729 24 the the DT 12299 1729 25 neutral neutral JJ 12299 1729 26 plane plane NN 12299 1729 27 midway midway NN 12299 1729 28 between between IN 12299 1729 29 the the DT 12299 1729 30 end end NN 12299 1729 31 nails nail NNS 12299 1729 32 . . . 12299 1730 1 All all DT 12299 1730 2 three three CD 12299 1730 3 nails nail NNS 12299 1730 4 should should MD 12299 1730 5 be be VB 12299 1730 6 in in IN 12299 1730 7 place place NN 12299 1730 8 before before IN 12299 1730 9 the the DT 12299 1730 10 beam beam NN 12299 1730 11 is be VBZ 12299 1730 12 put put VBN 12299 1730 13 into into IN 12299 1730 14 the the DT 12299 1730 15 machine machine NN 12299 1730 16 . . . 12299 1731 1 The the DT 12299 1731 2 indicator indicator NN 12299 1731 3 is be VBZ 12299 1731 4 adjustable adjustable JJ 12299 1731 5 by by IN 12299 1731 6 means mean NNS 12299 1731 7 of of IN 12299 1731 8 a a DT 12299 1731 9 thumb thumb NN 12299 1731 10 - - HYPH 12299 1731 11 screw screw NN 12299 1731 12 at at IN 12299 1731 13 the the DT 12299 1731 14 base base NN 12299 1731 15 and and CC 12299 1731 16 is be VBZ 12299 1731 17 set set VBN 12299 1731 18 at at IN 12299 1731 19 zero zero CD 12299 1731 20 before before IN 12299 1731 21 the the DT 12299 1731 22 load load NN 12299 1731 23 is be VBZ 12299 1731 24 applied apply VBN 12299 1731 25 . . . 12299 1732 1 Deflections deflection NNS 12299 1732 2 are be VBP 12299 1732 3 read read VBN 12299 1732 4 to to IN 12299 1732 5 the the DT 12299 1732 6 nearest near JJS 12299 1732 7 0.001 0.001 CD 12299 1732 8 inch inch NN 12299 1732 9 . . . 12299 1733 1 For for IN 12299 1733 2 rate rate NN 12299 1733 3 of of IN 12299 1733 4 application application NN 12299 1733 5 of of IN 12299 1733 6 load load NN 12299 1733 7 see see VBP 12299 1733 8 SPEED SPEED NNP 12299 1733 9 OF of IN 12299 1733 10 TESTING test VBG 12299 1733 11 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1733 12 , , , 12299 1733 13 above above RB 12299 1733 14 . . . 12299 1734 1 The the DT 12299 1734 2 speed speed NN 12299 1734 3 should should MD 12299 1734 4 be be VB 12299 1734 5 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1734 6 from from IN 12299 1734 7 start start NN 12299 1734 8 to to IN 12299 1734 9 finish finish NN 12299 1734 10 without without IN 12299 1734 11 stopping stop VBG 12299 1734 12 . . . 12299 1735 1 Readings reading NNS 12299 1735 2 must must MD 12299 1735 3 be be VB 12299 1735 4 made make VBN 12299 1735 5 " " `` 12299 1735 6 on on IN 12299 1735 7 the the DT 12299 1735 8 fly fly NN 12299 1735 9 . . . 12299 1735 10 " " '' 12299 1736 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1736 2 Log Log NNP 12299 1736 3 of of IN 12299 1736 4 the the DT 12299 1736 5 test test NN 12299 1736 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1736 7 : : : 12299 1736 8 The the DT 12299 1736 9 log log NN 12299 1736 10 sheets sheet NNS 12299 1736 11 used use VBN 12299 1736 12 for for IN 12299 1736 13 small small JJ 12299 1736 14 beams beam NNS 12299 1736 15 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1736 16 see see VB 12299 1736 17 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1736 18 . . . 12299 1737 1 32 32 CD 12299 1737 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1737 3 are be VBP 12299 1737 4 the the DT 12299 1737 5 same same JJ 12299 1737 6 as as IN 12299 1737 7 for for IN 12299 1737 8 large large JJ 12299 1737 9 sizes size NNS 12299 1737 10 and and CC 12299 1737 11 the the DT 12299 1737 12 procedure procedure NN 12299 1737 13 is be VBZ 12299 1737 14 practically practically RB 12299 1737 15 identical identical JJ 12299 1737 16 . . . 12299 1738 1 The the DT 12299 1738 2 stress stress NN 12299 1738 3 - - HYPH 12299 1738 4 strain strain NN 12299 1738 5 diagram diagram NN 12299 1738 6 is be VBZ 12299 1738 7 continued continue VBN 12299 1738 8 to to IN 12299 1738 9 or or CC 12299 1738 10 beyond beyond IN 12299 1738 11 the the DT 12299 1738 12 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1738 13 load load NN 12299 1738 14 , , , 12299 1738 15 and and CC 12299 1738 16 in in IN 12299 1738 17 a a DT 12299 1738 18 portion portion NN 12299 1738 19 of of IN 12299 1738 20 the the DT 12299 1738 21 tests test NNS 12299 1738 22 should should MD 12299 1738 23 be be VB 12299 1738 24 continued continue VBN 12299 1738 25 to to IN 12299 1738 26 six six CD 12299 1738 27 - - HYPH 12299 1738 28 inch inch NN 12299 1738 29 deflection deflection NN 12299 1738 30 or or CC 12299 1738 31 until until IN 12299 1738 32 the the DT 12299 1738 33 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1738 34 fails fail VBZ 12299 1738 35 to to TO 12299 1738 36 support support VB 12299 1738 37 a a DT 12299 1738 38 load load NN 12299 1738 39 of of IN 12299 1738 40 200 200 CD 12299 1738 41 pounds pound NNS 12299 1738 42 . . . 12299 1739 1 Deflection deflection NN 12299 1739 2 readings reading NNS 12299 1739 3 for for IN 12299 1739 4 equal equal JJ 12299 1739 5 increments increment NNS 12299 1739 6 of of IN 12299 1739 7 load load NN 12299 1739 8 are be VBP 12299 1739 9 taken take VBN 12299 1739 10 until until IN 12299 1739 11 well well RB 12299 1739 12 beyond beyond IN 12299 1739 13 the the DT 12299 1739 14 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1739 15 limit limit NN 12299 1739 16 , , , 12299 1739 17 after after IN 12299 1739 18 which which WDT 12299 1739 19 the the DT 12299 1739 20 scale scale NN 12299 1739 21 beam beam NN 12299 1739 22 is be VBZ 12299 1739 23 kept keep VBN 12299 1739 24 balanced balanced JJ 12299 1739 25 and and CC 12299 1739 26 the the DT 12299 1739 27 load load NN 12299 1739 28 read read VBD 12299 1739 29 for for IN 12299 1739 30 each each DT 12299 1739 31 0.1 0.1 CD 12299 1739 32 inch inch NN 12299 1739 33 deflection deflection NN 12299 1739 34 . . . 12299 1740 1 The the DT 12299 1740 2 load load NN 12299 1740 3 and and CC 12299 1740 4 deflection deflection NN 12299 1740 5 at at IN 12299 1740 6 first first JJ 12299 1740 7 failure failure NN 12299 1740 8 , , , 12299 1740 9 the the DT 12299 1740 10 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1740 11 load load NN 12299 1740 12 , , , 12299 1740 13 and and CC 12299 1740 14 any any DT 12299 1740 15 points point NNS 12299 1740 16 of of IN 12299 1740 17 sudden sudden JJ 12299 1740 18 change change NN 12299 1740 19 should should MD 12299 1740 20 be be VB 12299 1740 21 shown show VBN 12299 1740 22 on on IN 12299 1740 23 the the DT 12299 1740 24 diagram diagram NN 12299 1740 25 , , , 12299 1740 26 even even RB 12299 1740 27 though though IN 12299 1740 28 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1740 29 do do VBP 12299 1740 30 not not RB 12299 1740 31 occur occur VB 12299 1740 32 at at IN 12299 1740 33 one one CD 12299 1740 34 of of IN 12299 1740 35 the the DT 12299 1740 36 regular regular JJ 12299 1740 37 points point NNS 12299 1740 38 . . . 12299 1741 1 A a DT 12299 1741 2 brief brief JJ 12299 1741 3 description description NN 12299 1741 4 of of IN 12299 1741 5 the the DT 12299 1741 6 failure failure NN 12299 1741 7 and and CC 12299 1741 8 the the DT 12299 1741 9 nature nature NN 12299 1741 10 of of IN 12299 1741 11 any any DT 12299 1741 12 defects defect NNS 12299 1741 13 is be VBZ 12299 1741 14 entered enter VBN 12299 1741 15 on on IN 12299 1741 16 the the DT 12299 1741 17 log log NN 12299 1741 18 sheet sheet NN 12299 1741 19 . . . 12299 1742 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1742 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1742 3 : : : 12299 1742 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1742 5 . . . 12299 1743 1 32.--Sample 32.--sample CD 12299 1743 2 log log NN 12299 1743 3 sheet sheet NN 12299 1743 4 , , , 12299 1743 5 giving give VBG 12299 1743 6 full full JJ 12299 1743 7 details detail NNS 12299 1743 8 of of IN 12299 1743 9 a a DT 12299 1743 10 transverse transverse JJ 12299 1743 11 bending bend VBG 12299 1743 12 test test NN 12299 1743 13 on on IN 12299 1743 14 a a DT 12299 1743 15 small small JJ 12299 1743 16 pine pine JJ 12299 1743 17 beam beam NN 12299 1743 18 . . . 12299 1743 19 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1744 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1744 2 Calculating calculate VBG 12299 1744 3 the the DT 12299 1744 4 results result NNS 12299 1744 5 _ _ XX 12299 1744 6 : : : 12299 1744 7 The the DT 12299 1744 8 formulà formulà NNP 12299 1744 9 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1744 10 used use VBN 12299 1744 11 in in IN 12299 1744 12 calculating calculate VBG 12299 1744 13 the the DT 12299 1744 14 results result NNS 12299 1744 15 of of IN 12299 1744 16 tests test NNS 12299 1744 17 on on IN 12299 1744 18 small small JJ 12299 1744 19 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 1744 20 simple simple JJ 12299 1744 21 beams beam NNS 12299 1744 22 are be VBP 12299 1744 23 as as IN 12299 1744 24 follows follow VBZ 12299 1744 25 : : : 12299 1744 26 0.75 0.75 CD 12299 1744 27 P p NN 12299 1744 28 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1744 29 1 1 LS 12299 1744 30 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1744 31 J J NNP 12299 1744 32 = = SYM 12299 1744 33 -------- -------- NFP 12299 1744 34 b b NN 12299 1744 35 h h NNP 12299 1744 36 1.5 1.5 CD 12299 1744 37 P_{1 p_{1 NN 12299 1744 38 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 39 l l NN 12299 1744 40 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1744 41 2 2 CD 12299 1744 42 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1744 43 r r NN 12299 1744 44 = = NFP 12299 1744 45 ------------- ------------- NFP 12299 1744 46 b b NN 12299 1744 47 h^{2 h^{2 NN 12299 1744 48 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 49 1.5 1.5 CD 12299 1744 50 P p NN 12299 1744 51 l l NN 12299 1744 52 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1744 53 3 3 LS 12299 1744 54 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1744 55 R r NN 12299 1744 56 = = SYM 12299 1744 57 --------- --------- NFP 12299 1744 58 b b NN 12299 1744 59 h^{2 h^{2 NNP 12299 1744 60 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 61 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1744 62 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 63 l^{3 l^{3 NNP 12299 1744 64 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 65 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1744 66 4 4 LS 12299 1744 67 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1744 68 E e NN 12299 1744 69 = = NNS 12299 1744 70 ------------- ------------- : 12299 1744 71 4 4 CD 12299 1744 72 D d NN 12299 1744 73 b b NN 12299 1744 74 h^{3 h^{3 NNP 12299 1744 75 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 76 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1744 77 } } -RRB- 12299 1744 78 D D NNP 12299 1744 79 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1744 80 5 5 CD 12299 1744 81 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1744 82 S s NN 12299 1744 83 = = NFP 12299 1744 84 --------- --------- NFP 12299 1744 85 2 2 CD 12299 1744 86 V v NN 12299 1744 87 The the DT 12299 1744 88 same same JJ 12299 1744 89 legend legend NN 12299 1744 90 is be VBZ 12299 1744 91 used use VBN 12299 1744 92 as as IN 12299 1744 93 in in IN 12299 1744 94 BENDING bend VBG 12299 1744 95 LARGE LARGE NNP 12299 1744 96 BEAMS beam NNS 12299 1744 97 . . . 12299 1745 1 The the DT 12299 1745 2 weight weight NN 12299 1745 3 of of IN 12299 1745 4 the the DT 12299 1745 5 beam beam NN 12299 1745 6 itself -PRON- PRP 12299 1745 7 is be VBZ 12299 1745 8 disregarded disregard VBN 12299 1745 9 . . . 12299 1746 1 ENDWISE ENDWISE NNP 12299 1746 2 COMPRESSION COMPRESSION NNP 12299 1746 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1746 4 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 1746 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1746 6 : : : 12299 1746 7 An an DT 12299 1746 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1746 9 static static JJ 12299 1746 10 testing testing NN 12299 1746 11 machine machine NN 12299 1746 12 and and CC 12299 1746 13 a a DT 12299 1746 14 compressometer compressometer NN 12299 1746 15 are be VBP 12299 1746 16 required require VBN 12299 1746 17 . . . 12299 1747 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1747 2 See see VB 12299 1747 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1747 4 . . . 12299 1748 1 33 33 CD 12299 1748 2 . . . 12299 1748 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1749 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1749 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1749 3 : : : 12299 1749 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1749 5 . . . 12299 1750 1 33.--Endwise 33.--endwise CD 12299 1750 2 compression compression NN 12299 1750 3 test test NN 12299 1750 4 , , , 12299 1750 5 showing show VBG 12299 1750 6 method method NN 12299 1750 7 of of IN 12299 1750 8 measuring measure VBG 12299 1750 9 the the DT 12299 1750 10 deformation deformation NN 12299 1750 11 by by IN 12299 1750 12 means mean NNS 12299 1750 13 of of IN 12299 1750 14 a a DT 12299 1750 15 compressometer compressometer NN 12299 1750 16 . . . 12299 1750 17 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1751 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1751 2 Preparing prepare VBG 12299 1751 3 the the DT 12299 1751 4 material material NN 12299 1751 5 _ _ NN 12299 1751 6 : : : 12299 1751 7 Two two CD 12299 1751 8 classes class NNS 12299 1751 9 of of IN 12299 1751 10 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1751 11 are be VBP 12299 1751 12 commonly commonly RB 12299 1751 13 used use VBN 12299 1751 14 , , , 12299 1751 15 namely namely RB 12299 1751 16 , , , 12299 1751 17 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1751 18 1 1 LS 12299 1751 19 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1751 20 posts post VBZ 12299 1751 21 24 24 CD 12299 1751 22 inches inch NNS 12299 1751 23 in in IN 12299 1751 24 length length NN 12299 1751 25 , , , 12299 1751 26 and and CC 12299 1751 27 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1751 28 2 2 LS 12299 1751 29 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1751 30 small small JJ 12299 1751 31 clear clear JJ 12299 1751 32 blocks block NNS 12299 1751 33 approximately approximately RB 12299 1751 34 2 2 CD 12299 1751 35 " " `` 12299 1751 36 X x NN 12299 1751 37 2 2 CD 12299 1751 38 " " '' 12299 1751 39 X x NN 12299 1751 40 8 8 CD 12299 1751 41 " " '' 12299 1751 42 . . . 12299 1752 1 The the DT 12299 1752 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1752 3 are be VBP 12299 1752 4 surfaced surface VBN 12299 1752 5 on on IN 12299 1752 6 all all DT 12299 1752 7 four four CD 12299 1752 8 sides side NNS 12299 1752 9 and and CC 12299 1752 10 both both DT 12299 1752 11 ends end NNS 12299 1752 12 squared square VBD 12299 1752 13 smoothly smoothly RB 12299 1752 14 and and CC 12299 1752 15 evenly evenly RB 12299 1752 16 . . . 12299 1753 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 1753 2 are be VBP 12299 1753 3 carefully carefully RB 12299 1753 4 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1753 5 , , , 12299 1753 6 measured measure VBN 12299 1753 7 , , , 12299 1753 8 rate rate NN 12299 1753 9 of of IN 12299 1753 10 growth growth NN 12299 1753 11 and and CC 12299 1753 12 proportion proportion NN 12299 1753 13 of of IN 12299 1753 14 late late JJ 12299 1753 15 wood wood NN 12299 1753 16 determined determine VBN 12299 1753 17 , , , 12299 1753 18 as as IN 12299 1753 19 in in IN 12299 1753 20 bending bend VBG 12299 1753 21 tests test NNS 12299 1753 22 . . . 12299 1754 1 After after IN 12299 1754 2 the the DT 12299 1754 3 test test NN 12299 1754 4 a a DT 12299 1754 5 moisture moisture NN 12299 1754 6 section section NN 12299 1754 7 is be VBZ 12299 1754 8 cut cut VBN 12299 1754 9 and and CC 12299 1754 10 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1754 11 . . . 12299 1755 1 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 12299 1755 2 these these DT 12299 1755 3 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1755 4 should should MD 12299 1755 5 be be VB 12299 1755 6 free free JJ 12299 1755 7 from from IN 12299 1755 8 defects defect NNS 12299 1755 9 . . . 12299 1756 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1756 2 Sketching Sketching NNP 12299 1756 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1756 4 : : : 12299 1756 5 Sketches sketch NNS 12299 1756 6 are be VBP 12299 1756 7 made make VBN 12299 1756 8 of of IN 12299 1756 9 each each DT 12299 1756 10 end end NN 12299 1756 11 of of IN 12299 1756 12 the the DT 12299 1756 13 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1756 14 to to TO 12299 1756 15 show show VB 12299 1756 16 the the DT 12299 1756 17 character character NN 12299 1756 18 of of IN 12299 1756 19 the the DT 12299 1756 20 growth growth NN 12299 1756 21 . . . 12299 1757 1 After after IN 12299 1757 2 testing testing NN 12299 1757 3 , , , 12299 1757 4 the the DT 12299 1757 5 manner manner NN 12299 1757 6 of of IN 12299 1757 7 failure failure NN 12299 1757 8 is be VBZ 12299 1757 9 shown show VBN 12299 1757 10 for for IN 12299 1757 11 all all DT 12299 1757 12 four four CD 12299 1757 13 sides side NNS 12299 1757 14 , , , 12299 1757 15 and and CC 12299 1757 16 the the DT 12299 1757 17 various various JJ 12299 1757 18 parts part NNS 12299 1757 19 of of IN 12299 1757 20 the the DT 12299 1757 21 failure failure NN 12299 1757 22 are be VBP 12299 1757 23 numbered number VBN 12299 1757 24 in in IN 12299 1757 25 the the DT 12299 1757 26 order order NN 12299 1757 27 of of IN 12299 1757 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1757 29 occurrence occurrence NN 12299 1757 30 . . . 12299 1758 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1758 2 Adjusting Adjusting NNP 12299 1758 3 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1758 4 in in IN 12299 1758 5 machine machine NN 12299 1758 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1758 7 : : : 12299 1758 8 The the DT 12299 1758 9 compressometer compressometer NN 12299 1758 10 collars collar NNS 12299 1758 11 are be VBP 12299 1758 12 adjusted adjust VBN 12299 1758 13 , , , 12299 1758 14 the the DT 12299 1758 15 distance distance NN 12299 1758 16 between between IN 12299 1758 17 them -PRON- PRP 12299 1758 18 being be VBG 12299 1758 19 20 20 CD 12299 1758 20 inches inch NNS 12299 1758 21 for for IN 12299 1758 22 the the DT 12299 1758 23 posts post NNS 12299 1758 24 and and CC 12299 1758 25 6 6 CD 12299 1758 26 inches inch NNS 12299 1758 27 for for IN 12299 1758 28 the the DT 12299 1758 29 blocks block NNS 12299 1758 30 . . . 12299 1759 1 If if IN 12299 1759 2 the the DT 12299 1759 3 two two CD 12299 1759 4 ends end NNS 12299 1759 5 of of IN 12299 1759 6 the the DT 12299 1759 7 blocks block NNS 12299 1759 8 are be VBP 12299 1759 9 not not RB 12299 1759 10 exactly exactly RB 12299 1759 11 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1759 12 a a DT 12299 1759 13 ball ball NN 12299 1759 14 - - HYPH 12299 1759 15 and and CC 12299 1759 16 - - HYPH 12299 1759 17 socket socket NN 12299 1759 18 block block NN 12299 1759 19 can can MD 12299 1759 20 be be VB 12299 1759 21 placed place VBN 12299 1759 22 between between IN 12299 1759 23 the the DT 12299 1759 24 upper upper JJ 12299 1759 25 end end NN 12299 1759 26 of of IN 12299 1759 27 the the DT 12299 1759 28 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1759 29 and and CC 12299 1759 30 the the DT 12299 1759 31 movable movable JJ 12299 1759 32 head head NN 12299 1759 33 of of IN 12299 1759 34 the the DT 12299 1759 35 machine machine NN 12299 1759 36 to to TO 12299 1759 37 overcome overcome VB 12299 1759 38 the the DT 12299 1759 39 irregularity irregularity NN 12299 1759 40 . . . 12299 1760 1 If if IN 12299 1760 2 the the DT 12299 1760 3 blocks block NNS 12299 1760 4 are be VBP 12299 1760 5 true true JJ 12299 1760 6 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1760 7 can can MD 12299 1760 8 simply simply RB 12299 1760 9 be be VB 12299 1760 10 stood stand VBN 12299 1760 11 on on IN 12299 1760 12 end end NN 12299 1760 13 upon upon IN 12299 1760 14 the the DT 12299 1760 15 platform platform NN 12299 1760 16 and and CC 12299 1760 17 the the DT 12299 1760 18 movable movable JJ 12299 1760 19 head head NN 12299 1760 20 allowed allow VBN 12299 1760 21 to to TO 12299 1760 22 press press VB 12299 1760 23 directly directly RB 12299 1760 24 upon upon IN 12299 1760 25 the the DT 12299 1760 26 upper upper JJ 12299 1760 27 end end NN 12299 1760 28 . . . 12299 1761 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1761 2 Measuring measure VBG 12299 1761 3 the the DT 12299 1761 4 deformation deformation NN 12299 1761 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1761 6 : : : 12299 1761 7 The the DT 12299 1761 8 deformation deformation NN 12299 1761 9 is be VBZ 12299 1761 10 measured measure VBN 12299 1761 11 by by IN 12299 1761 12 a a DT 12299 1761 13 compressometer compressometer NN 12299 1761 14 . . . 12299 1762 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1762 2 See see VB 12299 1762 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1762 4 . . . 12299 1763 1 33 33 CD 12299 1763 2 . . . 12299 1763 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1764 1 The the DT 12299 1764 2 latter latter JJ 12299 1764 3 registers register NNS 12299 1764 4 to to IN 12299 1764 5 0.001 0.001 CD 12299 1764 6 inch inch NN 12299 1764 7 . . . 12299 1765 1 In in IN 12299 1765 2 the the DT 12299 1765 3 case case NN 12299 1765 4 of of IN 12299 1765 5 posts post NNS 12299 1765 6 the the DT 12299 1765 7 compression compression NN 12299 1765 8 between between IN 12299 1765 9 the the DT 12299 1765 10 collars collar NNS 12299 1765 11 is be VBZ 12299 1765 12 communicated communicate VBN 12299 1765 13 to to IN 12299 1765 14 the the DT 12299 1765 15 four four CD 12299 1765 16 points point NNS 12299 1765 17 on on IN 12299 1765 18 the the DT 12299 1765 19 arms arm NNS 12299 1765 20 by by IN 12299 1765 21 means mean NNS 12299 1765 22 of of IN 12299 1765 23 brass brass NN 12299 1765 24 rods rod NNS 12299 1765 25 ; ; , 12299 1765 26 with with IN 12299 1765 27 short short JJ 12299 1765 28 blocks block NNS 12299 1765 29 , , , 12299 1765 30 as as IN 12299 1765 31 in in IN 12299 1765 32 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1765 33 . . . 12299 1766 1 33 33 CD 12299 1766 2 , , , 12299 1766 3 the the DT 12299 1766 4 points point NNS 12299 1766 5 of of IN 12299 1766 6 the the DT 12299 1766 7 arms arm NNS 12299 1766 8 are be VBP 12299 1766 9 in in IN 12299 1766 10 direct direct JJ 12299 1766 11 contact contact NN 12299 1766 12 with with IN 12299 1766 13 the the DT 12299 1766 14 collars collar NNS 12299 1766 15 . . . 12299 1767 1 The the DT 12299 1767 2 operator operator NN 12299 1767 3 lowers lower VBZ 12299 1767 4 the the DT 12299 1767 5 fulcrum fulcrum NN 12299 1767 6 of of IN 12299 1767 7 the the DT 12299 1767 8 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1767 9 by by IN 12299 1767 10 moving move VBG 12299 1767 11 the the DT 12299 1767 12 micrometer micrometer NN 12299 1767 13 screws screw NNS 12299 1767 14 at at IN 12299 1767 15 such such PDT 12299 1767 16 a a DT 12299 1767 17 rate rate NN 12299 1767 18 that that WDT 12299 1767 19 the the DT 12299 1767 20 set set NN 12299 1767 21 - - HYPH 12299 1767 22 screw screw NN 12299 1767 23 in in IN 12299 1767 24 the the DT 12299 1767 25 rear rear JJ 12299 1767 26 end end NN 12299 1767 27 of of IN 12299 1767 28 the the DT 12299 1767 29 upper upper JJ 12299 1767 30 lever lever NN 12299 1767 31 is be VBZ 12299 1767 32 kept keep VBN 12299 1767 33 barely barely RB 12299 1767 34 touching touch VBG 12299 1767 35 the the DT 12299 1767 36 fixed fix VBN 12299 1767 37 arm arm NN 12299 1767 38 below below IN 12299 1767 39 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1767 40 , , , 12299 1767 41 being be VBG 12299 1767 42 guided guide VBN 12299 1767 43 by by IN 12299 1767 44 a a DT 12299 1767 45 bell bell NN 12299 1767 46 operated operate VBN 12299 1767 47 by by IN 12299 1767 48 electric electric JJ 12299 1767 49 contact contact NN 12299 1767 50 . . . 12299 1768 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1768 2 Log Log NNP 12299 1768 3 of of IN 12299 1768 4 the the DT 12299 1768 5 test test NN 12299 1768 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1768 7 : : : 12299 1768 8 The the DT 12299 1768 9 load load NN 12299 1768 10 is be VBZ 12299 1768 11 applied apply VBN 12299 1768 12 continuously continuously RB 12299 1768 13 at at IN 12299 1768 14 a a DT 12299 1768 15 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1768 16 rate rate NN 12299 1768 17 of of IN 12299 1768 18 speed speed NN 12299 1768 19 . . . 12299 1769 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1769 2 See see VB 12299 1769 3 SPEED speed NN 12299 1769 4 OF of IN 12299 1769 5 TESTING testing NN 12299 1769 6 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1769 7 , , , 12299 1769 8 above above RB 12299 1769 9 . . . 12299 1769 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1770 1 Readings reading NNS 12299 1770 2 are be VBP 12299 1770 3 taken take VBN 12299 1770 4 from from IN 12299 1770 5 the the DT 12299 1770 6 scale scale NN 12299 1770 7 of of IN 12299 1770 8 the the DT 12299 1770 9 compressometer compressometer NN 12299 1770 10 at at IN 12299 1770 11 regular regular JJ 12299 1770 12 increments increment NNS 12299 1770 13 of of IN 12299 1770 14 either either DT 12299 1770 15 load load NN 12299 1770 16 or or CC 12299 1770 17 compression compression NN 12299 1770 18 . . . 12299 1771 1 The the DT 12299 1771 2 stress stress NN 12299 1771 3 - - HYPH 12299 1771 4 strain strain NN 12299 1771 5 diagram diagram NN 12299 1771 6 is be VBZ 12299 1771 7 continued continue VBN 12299 1771 8 to to IN 12299 1771 9 at at RB 12299 1771 10 least least RBS 12299 1771 11 one one CD 12299 1771 12 deformation deformation NN 12299 1771 13 point point NN 12299 1771 14 beyond beyond IN 12299 1771 15 the the DT 12299 1771 16 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1771 17 load load NN 12299 1771 18 , , , 12299 1771 19 and and CC 12299 1771 20 in in IN 12299 1771 21 event event NN 12299 1771 22 of of IN 12299 1771 23 sudden sudden JJ 12299 1771 24 failure failure NN 12299 1771 25 , , , 12299 1771 26 the the DT 12299 1771 27 direction direction NN 12299 1771 28 of of IN 12299 1771 29 the the DT 12299 1771 30 curve curve NN 12299 1771 31 beyond beyond IN 12299 1771 32 the the DT 12299 1771 33 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1771 34 point point NN 12299 1771 35 is be VBZ 12299 1771 36 indicated indicate VBN 12299 1771 37 . . . 12299 1772 1 A a DT 12299 1772 2 brief brief JJ 12299 1772 3 description description NN 12299 1772 4 of of IN 12299 1772 5 the the DT 12299 1772 6 failure failure NN 12299 1772 7 is be VBZ 12299 1772 8 entered enter VBN 12299 1772 9 on on IN 12299 1772 10 the the DT 12299 1772 11 log log NN 12299 1772 12 sheet sheet NN 12299 1772 13 . . . 12299 1773 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1773 2 See see VB 12299 1773 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1773 4 . . . 12299 1774 1 34 34 CD 12299 1774 2 . . . 12299 1774 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1775 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1775 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1775 3 : : : 12299 1775 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1775 5 . . . 12299 1776 1 34.--Sample 34.--sample LS 12299 1776 2 log log NN 12299 1776 3 sheet sheet NN 12299 1776 4 of of IN 12299 1776 5 an an DT 12299 1776 6 endwise endwise NN 12299 1776 7 compression compression NN 12299 1776 8 test test NN 12299 1776 9 on on IN 12299 1776 10 a a DT 12299 1776 11 short short JJ 12299 1776 12 pine pine JJ 12299 1776 13 column column NN 12299 1776 14 . . . 12299 1776 15 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1777 1 In in IN 12299 1777 2 short short JJ 12299 1777 3 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1777 4 the the DT 12299 1777 5 failure failure NN 12299 1777 6 usually usually RB 12299 1777 7 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1777 8 in in IN 12299 1777 9 one one CD 12299 1777 10 or or CC 12299 1777 11 several several JJ 12299 1777 12 planes plane NNS 12299 1777 13 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 1777 14 to to IN 12299 1777 15 the the DT 12299 1777 16 axis axis NN 12299 1777 17 of of IN 12299 1777 18 the the DT 12299 1777 19 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1777 20 . . . 12299 1778 1 If if IN 12299 1778 2 the the DT 12299 1778 3 ends end NNS 12299 1778 4 are be VBP 12299 1778 5 more more RBR 12299 1778 6 moist moist JJ 12299 1778 7 than than IN 12299 1778 8 the the DT 12299 1778 9 middle middle NN 12299 1778 10 a a DT 12299 1778 11 crushing crushing NN 12299 1778 12 may may MD 12299 1778 13 occur occur VB 12299 1778 14 on on IN 12299 1778 15 the the DT 12299 1778 16 extreme extreme JJ 12299 1778 17 ends end NNS 12299 1778 18 in in IN 12299 1778 19 a a DT 12299 1778 20 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 1778 21 plane plane NN 12299 1778 22 . . . 12299 1779 1 Such such PDT 12299 1779 2 a a DT 12299 1779 3 test test NN 12299 1779 4 is be VBZ 12299 1779 5 not not RB 12299 1779 6 valid valid JJ 12299 1779 7 and and CC 12299 1779 8 should should MD 12299 1779 9 always always RB 12299 1779 10 be be VB 12299 1779 11 culled cull VBN 12299 1779 12 . . . 12299 1780 1 If if IN 12299 1780 2 the the DT 12299 1780 3 grain grain NN 12299 1780 4 is be VBZ 12299 1780 5 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 1780 6 or or CC 12299 1780 7 the the DT 12299 1780 8 stress stress NN 12299 1780 9 is be VBZ 12299 1780 10 unevenly unevenly RB 12299 1780 11 applied apply VBN 12299 1780 12 a a DT 12299 1780 13 diagonal diagonal JJ 12299 1780 14 shear shear NN 12299 1780 15 may may MD 12299 1780 16 occur occur VB 12299 1780 17 from from IN 12299 1780 18 top top NN 12299 1780 19 to to IN 12299 1780 20 bottom bottom NN 12299 1780 21 of of IN 12299 1780 22 the the DT 12299 1780 23 test test NN 12299 1780 24 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1780 25 . . . 12299 1781 1 Such such JJ 12299 1781 2 tests test NNS 12299 1781 3 are be VBP 12299 1781 4 also also RB 12299 1781 5 invalid invalid JJ 12299 1781 6 and and CC 12299 1781 7 should should MD 12299 1781 8 be be VB 12299 1781 9 culled cull VBN 12299 1781 10 . . . 12299 1782 1 When when WRB 12299 1782 2 the the DT 12299 1782 3 plane plane NN 12299 1782 4 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1782 5 or or CC 12299 1782 6 several several JJ 12299 1782 7 planes plane NNS 12299 1782 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1782 9 of of IN 12299 1782 10 failure failure NN 12299 1782 11 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1782 12 through through IN 12299 1782 13 the the DT 12299 1782 14 body body NN 12299 1782 15 of of IN 12299 1782 16 the the DT 12299 1782 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1782 18 the the DT 12299 1782 19 test test NN 12299 1782 20 is be VBZ 12299 1782 21 valid valid JJ 12299 1782 22 . . . 12299 1783 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1783 2 may may MD 12299 1783 3 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1783 4 be be VB 12299 1783 5 advantageous advantageous JJ 12299 1783 6 to to TO 12299 1783 7 allow allow VB 12299 1783 8 the the DT 12299 1783 9 extreme extreme JJ 12299 1783 10 ends end NNS 12299 1783 11 to to TO 12299 1783 12 dry dry VB 12299 1783 13 slightly slightly RB 12299 1783 14 before before IN 12299 1783 15 testing testing NN 12299 1783 16 in in IN 12299 1783 17 order order NN 12299 1783 18 to to TO 12299 1783 19 bring bring VB 12299 1783 20 the the DT 12299 1783 21 planes plane NNS 12299 1783 22 of of IN 12299 1783 23 failure failure NN 12299 1783 24 within within IN 12299 1783 25 the the DT 12299 1783 26 body body NN 12299 1783 27 . . . 12299 1784 1 This this DT 12299 1784 2 is be VBZ 12299 1784 3 a a DT 12299 1784 4 perfectly perfectly RB 12299 1784 5 legitimate legitimate JJ 12299 1784 6 procedure procedure NN 12299 1784 7 provided provide VBN 12299 1784 8 no no DT 12299 1784 9 drying drying NN 12299 1784 10 is be VBZ 12299 1784 11 allowed allow VBN 12299 1784 12 from from IN 12299 1784 13 the the DT 12299 1784 14 sides side NNS 12299 1784 15 of of IN 12299 1784 16 the the DT 12299 1784 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1784 18 , , , 12299 1784 19 and and CC 12299 1784 20 the the DT 12299 1784 21 moisture moisture NN 12299 1784 22 disk disk NN 12299 1784 23 is be VBZ 12299 1784 24 cut cut VBN 12299 1784 25 from from IN 12299 1784 26 the the DT 12299 1784 27 region region NN 12299 1784 28 of of IN 12299 1784 29 failure failure NN 12299 1784 30 . . . 12299 1785 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1785 2 Calculating calculate VBG 12299 1785 3 the the DT 12299 1785 4 results result NNS 12299 1785 5 : : : 12299 1785 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1785 7 The the DT 12299 1785 8 formulà formulà NNP 12299 1785 9 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1785 10 used use VBN 12299 1785 11 in in IN 12299 1785 12 calculating calculate VBG 12299 1785 13 the the DT 12299 1785 14 results result NNS 12299 1785 15 of of IN 12299 1785 16 tests test NNS 12299 1785 17 on on IN 12299 1785 18 endwise endwise NN 12299 1785 19 compression compression NN 12299 1785 20 are be VBP 12299 1785 21 as as IN 12299 1785 22 follows follow VBZ 12299 1785 23 : : : 12299 1785 24 P p NN 12299 1785 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1785 26 1 1 CD 12299 1785 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1785 28 C C NNP 12299 1785 29 = = -RRB- 12299 1785 30 ----- ----- NFP 12299 1785 31 A a DT 12299 1785 32 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1785 33 } } -RRB- 12299 1785 34 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1785 35 2 2 LS 12299 1785 36 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1785 37 c c NN 12299 1785 38 = = NFP 12299 1785 39 ------- ------- NFP 12299 1785 40 A a DT 12299 1785 41 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1785 42 } } -RRB- 12299 1785 43 l l NN 12299 1785 44 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1785 45 3 3 LS 12299 1785 46 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1785 47 E e NN 12299 1785 48 = = NNS 12299 1785 49 --------- --------- NFP 12299 1785 50 A a NN 12299 1785 51 D d NN 12299 1785 52 P p NN 12299 1785 53 D d NN 12299 1785 54 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1785 55 4 4 CD 12299 1785 56 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1785 57 S s NN 12299 1785 58 = = NFP 12299 1785 59 ----- ----- NFP 12299 1785 60 2 2 CD 12299 1785 61 V v NN 12299 1785 62 C c NN 12299 1785 63 = = SYM 12299 1785 64 crushing crushing NN 12299 1785 65 strength strength NN 12299 1785 66 , , , 12299 1785 67 pounds pound NNS 12299 1785 68 per per IN 12299 1785 69 square square JJ 12299 1785 70 inch inch NN 12299 1785 71 . . . 12299 1786 1 c c LS 12299 1786 2 = = SYM 12299 1786 3 fibre fibre NN 12299 1786 4 strength strength NN 12299 1786 5 at at IN 12299 1786 6 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1786 7 limit limit NN 12299 1786 8 , , , 12299 1786 9 pounds pound NNS 12299 1786 10 per per IN 12299 1786 11 square square JJ 12299 1786 12 inch inch NN 12299 1786 13 . . . 12299 1787 1 A a DT 12299 1787 2 = = SYM 12299 1787 3 area area NN 12299 1787 4 of of IN 12299 1787 5 cross cross NN 12299 1787 6 section section NN 12299 1787 7 , , , 12299 1787 8 square square JJ 12299 1787 9 inches inch NNS 12299 1787 10 . . . 12299 1788 1 l l NN 12299 1788 2 = = SYM 12299 1788 3 distance distance NN 12299 1788 4 between between IN 12299 1788 5 centres centre NNS 12299 1788 6 of of IN 12299 1788 7 collars collar NNS 12299 1788 8 , , , 12299 1788 9 inches inch NNS 12299 1788 10 . . . 12299 1789 1 D D NNP 12299 1789 2 = = SYM 12299 1789 3 total total JJ 12299 1789 4 shortening shortening NN 12299 1789 5 at at IN 12299 1789 6 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1789 7 limit limit NN 12299 1789 8 , , , 12299 1789 9 inches inch NNS 12299 1789 10 . . . 12299 1790 1 V v NN 12299 1790 2 = = SYM 12299 1790 3 volume volume NN 12299 1790 4 of of IN 12299 1790 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1790 6 , , , 12299 1790 7 cubic cubic JJ 12299 1790 8 inches inch NNS 12299 1790 9 . . . 12299 1791 1 Remainder remainder NN 12299 1791 2 of of IN 12299 1791 3 legend legend NN 12299 1791 4 as as IN 12299 1791 5 in in IN 12299 1791 6 BENDING bend VBG 12299 1791 7 LARGE LARGE NNP 12299 1791 8 BEAMS beam NNS 12299 1791 9 , , , 12299 1791 10 above above RB 12299 1791 11 . . . 12299 1792 1 COMPRESSION COMPRESSION VBN 12299 1792 2 ACROSS acros VBD 12299 1792 3 THE the DT 12299 1792 4 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 1792 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1792 6 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 1792 7 _ _ NNP 12299 1792 8 : : : 12299 1792 9 An an DT 12299 1792 10 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1792 11 static static JJ 12299 1792 12 testing testing NN 12299 1792 13 machine machine NN 12299 1792 14 , , , 12299 1792 15 a a DT 12299 1792 16 bearing bearing NN 12299 1792 17 plate plate NN 12299 1792 18 , , , 12299 1792 19 and and CC 12299 1792 20 a a DT 12299 1792 21 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 1792 22 are be VBP 12299 1792 23 required require VBN 12299 1792 24 . . . 12299 1793 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1793 2 See see VB 12299 1793 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1793 4 . . . 12299 1794 1 35 35 CD 12299 1794 2 . . . 12299 1794 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1795 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1795 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1795 3 : : : 12299 1795 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1795 5 . . . 12299 1796 1 35.--Compression 35.--compression NN 12299 1796 2 across across IN 12299 1796 3 the the DT 12299 1796 4 grain grain NN 12299 1796 5 . . . 12299 1797 1 Note note VB 12299 1797 2 method method NN 12299 1797 3 of of IN 12299 1797 4 measuring measure VBG 12299 1797 5 the the DT 12299 1797 6 deformation deformation NN 12299 1797 7 by by IN 12299 1797 8 means mean NNS 12299 1797 9 of of IN 12299 1797 10 a a DT 12299 1797 11 deflectomoter deflectomoter NN 12299 1797 12 . . . 12299 1797 13 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1798 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1798 2 Preparing prepare VBG 12299 1798 3 the the DT 12299 1798 4 material material NN 12299 1798 5 _ _ NN 12299 1798 6 : : : 12299 1798 7 Two two CD 12299 1798 8 classes class NNS 12299 1798 9 of of IN 12299 1798 10 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1798 11 are be VBP 12299 1798 12 used use VBN 12299 1798 13 , , , 12299 1798 14 namely namely RB 12299 1798 15 , , , 12299 1798 16 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1798 17 1 1 LS 12299 1798 18 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1798 19 sections section NNS 12299 1798 20 of of IN 12299 1798 21 commercial commercial JJ 12299 1798 22 sizes size NNS 12299 1798 23 of of IN 12299 1798 24 ties tie NNS 12299 1798 25 , , , 12299 1798 26 beams beam NNS 12299 1798 27 , , , 12299 1798 28 and and CC 12299 1798 29 other other JJ 12299 1798 30 timbers timber NNS 12299 1798 31 , , , 12299 1798 32 and and CC 12299 1798 33 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1798 34 2 2 LS 12299 1798 35 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1798 36 small small JJ 12299 1798 37 , , , 12299 1798 38 clear clear JJ 12299 1798 39 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1798 40 with with IN 12299 1798 41 the the DT 12299 1798 42 length length NN 12299 1798 43 several several JJ 12299 1798 44 times time NNS 12299 1798 45 the the DT 12299 1798 46 width width NN 12299 1798 47 . . . 12299 1799 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1799 2 small small JJ 12299 1799 3 cubes cube NNS 12299 1799 4 are be VBP 12299 1799 5 tested test VBN 12299 1799 6 , , , 12299 1799 7 but but CC 12299 1799 8 the the DT 12299 1799 9 results result NNS 12299 1799 10 are be VBP 12299 1799 11 hardly hardly RB 12299 1799 12 applicable applicable JJ 12299 1799 13 to to IN 12299 1799 14 conditions condition NNS 12299 1799 15 in in IN 12299 1799 16 practice practice NN 12299 1799 17 . . . 12299 1800 1 In in IN 12299 1800 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1800 3 2 2 LS 12299 1800 4 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1800 5 the the DT 12299 1800 6 sides side NNS 12299 1800 7 are be VBP 12299 1800 8 surfaced surface VBN 12299 1800 9 and and CC 12299 1800 10 the the DT 12299 1800 11 ends end NNS 12299 1800 12 squared square VBD 12299 1800 13 . . . 12299 1801 1 The the DT 12299 1801 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1801 3 are be VBP 12299 1801 4 then then RB 12299 1801 5 carefully carefully RB 12299 1801 6 measured measure VBN 12299 1801 7 and and CC 12299 1801 8 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1801 9 , , , 12299 1801 10 defects defect NNS 12299 1801 11 noted note VBN 12299 1801 12 , , , 12299 1801 13 rate rate NN 12299 1801 14 of of IN 12299 1801 15 growth growth NN 12299 1801 16 and and CC 12299 1801 17 proportion proportion NN 12299 1801 18 of of IN 12299 1801 19 late late JJ 12299 1801 20 wood wood NN 12299 1801 21 determined determine VBN 12299 1801 22 , , , 12299 1801 23 as as IN 12299 1801 24 in in IN 12299 1801 25 bending bend VBG 12299 1801 26 tests test NNS 12299 1801 27 . . . 12299 1802 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1802 2 See see VB 12299 1802 3 BENDING bend VBG 12299 1802 4 LARGE large NN 12299 1802 5 BEAMS beam NNS 12299 1802 6 , , , 12299 1802 7 above above RB 12299 1802 8 . . . 12299 1802 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1803 1 After after IN 12299 1803 2 the the DT 12299 1803 3 test test NN 12299 1803 4 a a DT 12299 1803 5 moisture moisture NN 12299 1803 6 section section NN 12299 1803 7 is be VBZ 12299 1803 8 cut cut VBN 12299 1803 9 and and CC 12299 1803 10 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1803 11 . . . 12299 1804 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1804 2 Sketching Sketching NNP 12299 1804 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1804 4 : : : 12299 1804 5 Sketches sketch NNS 12299 1804 6 are be VBP 12299 1804 7 made make VBN 12299 1804 8 as as IN 12299 1804 9 in in IN 12299 1804 10 endwise endwise NN 12299 1804 11 compression compression NN 12299 1804 12 tests test NNS 12299 1804 13 . . . 12299 1805 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1805 2 See see VB 12299 1805 3 ENDWISE ENDWISE NNP 12299 1805 4 COMPRESSION compression NN 12299 1805 5 , , , 12299 1805 6 above above RB 12299 1805 7 . . . 12299 1805 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1806 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1806 2 Adjusting Adjusting NNP 12299 1806 3 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1806 4 in in IN 12299 1806 5 machine machine NN 12299 1806 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1806 7 : : : 12299 1806 8 The the DT 12299 1806 9 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1806 10 is be VBZ 12299 1806 11 laid lay VBN 12299 1806 12 horizontally horizontally RB 12299 1806 13 upon upon IN 12299 1806 14 the the DT 12299 1806 15 platform platform NN 12299 1806 16 of of IN 12299 1806 17 the the DT 12299 1806 18 machine machine NN 12299 1806 19 and and CC 12299 1806 20 a a DT 12299 1806 21 steel steel NN 12299 1806 22 bearing bear VBG 12299 1806 23 plate plate NN 12299 1806 24 placed place VBN 12299 1806 25 on on IN 12299 1806 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1806 27 upper upper JJ 12299 1806 28 surface surface NN 12299 1806 29 immediately immediately RB 12299 1806 30 beneath beneath IN 12299 1806 31 the the DT 12299 1806 32 centre centre NN 12299 1806 33 of of IN 12299 1806 34 the the DT 12299 1806 35 movable movable JJ 12299 1806 36 head head NN 12299 1806 37 . . . 12299 1807 1 For for IN 12299 1807 2 the the DT 12299 1807 3 larger large JJR 12299 1807 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1807 5 this this DT 12299 1807 6 plate plate NN 12299 1807 7 is be VBZ 12299 1807 8 six six CD 12299 1807 9 inches inch NNS 12299 1807 10 wide wide JJ 12299 1807 11 ; ; : 12299 1807 12 for for IN 12299 1807 13 the the DT 12299 1807 14 smaller small JJR 12299 1807 15 sizes size NNS 12299 1807 16 , , , 12299 1807 17 two two CD 12299 1807 18 inches inch NNS 12299 1807 19 wide wide JJ 12299 1807 20 . . . 12299 1808 1 The the DT 12299 1808 2 plate plate NN 12299 1808 3 in in IN 12299 1808 4 all all DT 12299 1808 5 cases case NNS 12299 1808 6 projects project NNS 12299 1808 7 over over IN 12299 1808 8 the the DT 12299 1808 9 edges edge NNS 12299 1808 10 of of IN 12299 1808 11 the the DT 12299 1808 12 test test NN 12299 1808 13 piece piece NN 12299 1808 14 , , , 12299 1808 15 and and CC 12299 1808 16 in in IN 12299 1808 17 no no DT 12299 1808 18 case case NN 12299 1808 19 should should MD 12299 1808 20 the the DT 12299 1808 21 length length NN 12299 1808 22 of of IN 12299 1808 23 the the DT 12299 1808 24 latter latter JJ 12299 1808 25 be be VB 12299 1808 26 less less JJR 12299 1808 27 than than IN 12299 1808 28 four four CD 12299 1808 29 times time NNS 12299 1808 30 the the DT 12299 1808 31 width width NN 12299 1808 32 of of IN 12299 1808 33 the the DT 12299 1808 34 plate plate NN 12299 1808 35 . . . 12299 1809 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1809 2 Measuring measure VBG 12299 1809 3 the the DT 12299 1809 4 deformation deformation NN 12299 1809 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1809 6 : : : 12299 1809 7 The the DT 12299 1809 8 compression compression NN 12299 1809 9 is be VBZ 12299 1809 10 measured measure VBN 12299 1809 11 by by IN 12299 1809 12 means mean NNS 12299 1809 13 of of IN 12299 1809 14 a a DT 12299 1809 15 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 1809 16 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1809 17 see see VB 12299 1809 18 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1809 19 . . . 12299 1810 1 35 35 CD 12299 1810 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1810 3 , , , 12299 1810 4 which which WDT 12299 1810 5 , , , 12299 1810 6 after after IN 12299 1810 7 the the DT 12299 1810 8 first first JJ 12299 1810 9 increment increment NN 12299 1810 10 of of IN 12299 1810 11 load load NN 12299 1810 12 is be VBZ 12299 1810 13 applied apply VBN 12299 1810 14 , , , 12299 1810 15 is be VBZ 12299 1810 16 adjusted adjust VBN 12299 1810 17 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1810 18 by by IN 12299 1810 19 means mean NNS 12299 1810 20 of of IN 12299 1810 21 a a DT 12299 1810 22 small small JJ 12299 1810 23 set set NN 12299 1810 24 screw screw NN 12299 1810 25 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1810 26 to to TO 12299 1810 27 read read VB 12299 1810 28 zero zero CD 12299 1810 29 . . . 12299 1811 1 The the DT 12299 1811 2 actual actual JJ 12299 1811 3 downward downward JJ 12299 1811 4 motion motion NN 12299 1811 5 of of IN 12299 1811 6 the the DT 12299 1811 7 movable movable JJ 12299 1811 8 head head NN 12299 1811 9 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1811 10 corresponding correspond VBG 12299 1811 11 to to IN 12299 1811 12 the the DT 12299 1811 13 compression compression NN 12299 1811 14 of of IN 12299 1811 15 the the DT 12299 1811 16 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1811 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1811 18 is be VBZ 12299 1811 19 multiplied multiply VBN 12299 1811 20 ten ten CD 12299 1811 21 times time NNS 12299 1811 22 on on IN 12299 1811 23 the the DT 12299 1811 24 scale scale NN 12299 1811 25 from from IN 12299 1811 26 which which WDT 12299 1811 27 the the DT 12299 1811 28 readings reading NNS 12299 1811 29 are be VBP 12299 1811 30 made make VBN 12299 1811 31 . . . 12299 1812 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1812 2 Log Log NNP 12299 1812 3 of of IN 12299 1812 4 the the DT 12299 1812 5 test test NN 12299 1812 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1812 7 : : : 12299 1812 8 The the DT 12299 1812 9 load load NN 12299 1812 10 is be VBZ 12299 1812 11 applied apply VBN 12299 1812 12 continuously continuously RB 12299 1812 13 and and CC 12299 1812 14 at at IN 12299 1812 15 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1812 16 speed speed NN 12299 1812 17 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1812 18 see see VB 12299 1812 19 SPEED SPEED NNP 12299 1812 20 OF of IN 12299 1812 21 TESTING test VBG 12299 1812 22 MACHINE machine NN 12299 1812 23 , , , 12299 1812 24 above above RB 12299 1812 25 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1812 26 , , , 12299 1812 27 until until IN 12299 1812 28 well well RB 12299 1812 29 beyond beyond IN 12299 1812 30 the the DT 12299 1812 31 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1812 32 limit limit NN 12299 1812 33 . . . 12299 1813 1 The the DT 12299 1813 2 compression compression NN 12299 1813 3 readings reading NNS 12299 1813 4 are be VBP 12299 1813 5 taken take VBN 12299 1813 6 at at IN 12299 1813 7 regular regular JJ 12299 1813 8 load load NN 12299 1813 9 increments increment NNS 12299 1813 10 and and CC 12299 1813 11 entered enter VBD 12299 1813 12 on on IN 12299 1813 13 the the DT 12299 1813 14 cross cross JJ 12299 1813 15 - - JJ 12299 1813 16 section section NN 12299 1813 17 paper paper NN 12299 1813 18 in in IN 12299 1813 19 the the DT 12299 1813 20 usual usual JJ 12299 1813 21 way way NN 12299 1813 22 . . . 12299 1814 1 Usually usually RB 12299 1814 2 there there EX 12299 1814 3 is be VBZ 12299 1814 4 no no DT 12299 1814 5 real real JJ 12299 1814 6 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1814 7 load load NN 12299 1814 8 in in IN 12299 1814 9 this this DT 12299 1814 10 case case NN 12299 1814 11 , , , 12299 1814 12 as as IN 12299 1814 13 the the DT 12299 1814 14 strength strength NN 12299 1814 15 continually continually RB 12299 1814 16 increases increase VBZ 12299 1814 17 as as IN 12299 1814 18 the the DT 12299 1814 19 fibres fibre NNS 12299 1814 20 are be VBP 12299 1814 21 crushed crush VBN 12299 1814 22 more more RBR 12299 1814 23 compactly compactly RB 12299 1814 24 together together RB 12299 1814 25 . . . 12299 1815 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1815 2 Calculating calculate VBG 12299 1815 3 the the DT 12299 1815 4 results result NNS 12299 1815 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1815 6 : : : 12299 1815 7 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 12299 1815 8 only only RB 12299 1815 9 the the DT 12299 1815 10 fibre fibre NN 12299 1815 11 stress stress NN 12299 1815 12 at at IN 12299 1815 13 the the DT 12299 1815 14 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1815 15 limit limit NN 12299 1815 16 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1815 17 c c NN 12299 1815 18 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1815 19 is be VBZ 12299 1815 20 computed compute VBN 12299 1815 21 . . . 12299 1816 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1816 2 is be VBZ 12299 1816 3 equal equal JJ 12299 1816 4 to to IN 12299 1816 5 the the DT 12299 1816 6 load load NN 12299 1816 7 at at IN 12299 1816 8 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1816 9 limit limit NN 12299 1816 10 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1816 11 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1816 12 } } -RRB- 12299 1816 13 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1816 14 divided divide VBN 12299 1816 15 by by IN 12299 1816 16 the the DT 12299 1816 17 area area NN 12299 1816 18 under under IN 12299 1816 19 the the DT 12299 1816 20 plate plate NN 12299 1816 21 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1816 22 B b NN 12299 1816 23 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1816 24 . . . 12299 1817 1 { { -LRB- 12299 1817 2 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 12299 1817 3 } } -RRB- 12299 1817 4 } } -RRB- 12299 1817 5 { { -LRB- 12299 1817 6 c c NN 12299 1817 7 = = NFP 12299 1817 8 ------- ------- NFP 12299 1817 9 } } -RRB- 12299 1817 10 { { -LRB- 12299 1817 11 B b NN 12299 1817 12 } } -RRB- 12299 1817 13 SHEAR SHEAR NNP 12299 1817 14 ALONG along IN 12299 1817 15 THE the DT 12299 1817 16 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 1817 17 _ _ NNP 12299 1817 18 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 1817 19 _ _ NNP 12299 1817 20 : : : 12299 1817 21 An an DT 12299 1817 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1817 23 static static JJ 12299 1817 24 testing testing NN 12299 1817 25 machine machine NN 12299 1817 26 and and CC 12299 1817 27 a a DT 12299 1817 28 special special JJ 12299 1817 29 tool tool NN 12299 1817 30 designed design VBN 12299 1817 31 for for IN 12299 1817 32 producing produce VBG 12299 1817 33 single single JJ 12299 1817 34 shear shear NN 12299 1817 35 are be VBP 12299 1817 36 required require VBN 12299 1817 37 . . . 12299 1818 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1818 2 See see VB 12299 1818 3 Figs fig NNS 12299 1818 4 . . . 12299 1819 1 36 36 CD 12299 1819 2 and and CC 12299 1819 3 37 37 CD 12299 1819 4 . . . 12299 1819 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1820 1 This this DT 12299 1820 2 shearing shearing NN 12299 1820 3 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1820 4 consists consist VBZ 12299 1820 5 of of IN 12299 1820 6 a a DT 12299 1820 7 solid solid JJ 12299 1820 8 steel steel NN 12299 1820 9 frame frame NN 12299 1820 10 with with IN 12299 1820 11 set set NN 12299 1820 12 screws screw NNS 12299 1820 13 for for IN 12299 1820 14 clamping clamp VBG 12299 1820 15 the the DT 12299 1820 16 block block NN 12299 1820 17 within within IN 12299 1820 18 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1820 19 firmly firmly RB 12299 1820 20 in in IN 12299 1820 21 a a DT 12299 1820 22 vertical vertical JJ 12299 1820 23 position position NN 12299 1820 24 . . . 12299 1821 1 In in IN 12299 1821 2 the the DT 12299 1821 3 centre centre NN 12299 1821 4 of of IN 12299 1821 5 the the DT 12299 1821 6 frame frame NN 12299 1821 7 is be VBZ 12299 1821 8 a a DT 12299 1821 9 vertical vertical JJ 12299 1821 10 slot slot NN 12299 1821 11 in in IN 12299 1821 12 which which WDT 12299 1821 13 a a DT 12299 1821 14 square square RB 12299 1821 15 - - HYPH 12299 1821 16 edged edge VBN 12299 1821 17 steel steel NN 12299 1821 18 plate plate NN 12299 1821 19 slides slide VBZ 12299 1821 20 freely freely RB 12299 1821 21 . . . 12299 1822 1 When when WRB 12299 1822 2 the the DT 12299 1822 3 testing testing NN 12299 1822 4 block block NN 12299 1822 5 is be VBZ 12299 1822 6 in in IN 12299 1822 7 position position NN 12299 1822 8 , , , 12299 1822 9 this this DT 12299 1822 10 plate plate NN 12299 1822 11 impinges impinge NNS 12299 1822 12 squarely squarely RB 12299 1822 13 along along IN 12299 1822 14 the the DT 12299 1822 15 upper upper JJ 12299 1822 16 surface surface NN 12299 1822 17 of of IN 12299 1822 18 the the DT 12299 1822 19 tenon tenon NN 12299 1822 20 or or CC 12299 1822 21 lip lip NNP 12299 1822 22 , , , 12299 1822 23 which which WDT 12299 1822 24 , , , 12299 1822 25 as as IN 12299 1822 26 vertical vertical JJ 12299 1822 27 pressure pressure NN 12299 1822 28 is be VBZ 12299 1822 29 applied apply VBN 12299 1822 30 , , , 12299 1822 31 shears shear VBZ 12299 1822 32 off off RP 12299 1822 33 . . . 12299 1823 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1823 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1823 3 : : : 12299 1823 4 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1823 5 . . . 12299 1824 1 36.--Vertical 36.--vertical CD 12299 1824 2 section section NN 12299 1824 3 of of IN 12299 1824 4 shearing shear VBG 12299 1824 5 tool tool NN 12299 1824 6 . . . 12299 1824 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1825 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1825 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1825 3 : : : 12299 1825 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1825 5 . . . 12299 1826 1 37.--Front 37.--front JJ 12299 1826 2 view view NN 12299 1826 3 of of IN 12299 1826 4 shearing shear VBG 12299 1826 5 tool tool NN 12299 1826 6 with with IN 12299 1826 7 test test NN 12299 1826 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1826 9 and and CC 12299 1826 10 steel steel NN 12299 1826 11 plate plate NN 12299 1826 12 in in IN 12299 1826 13 position position NN 12299 1826 14 for for IN 12299 1826 15 testing testing NN 12299 1826 16 . . . 12299 1826 17 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1827 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1827 2 Preparing prepare VBG 12299 1827 3 the the DT 12299 1827 4 material material NN 12299 1827 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1827 6 : : : 12299 1827 7 The the DT 12299 1827 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1827 9 are be VBP 12299 1827 10 usually usually RB 12299 1827 11 in in IN 12299 1827 12 the the DT 12299 1827 13 form form NN 12299 1827 14 of of IN 12299 1827 15 small small JJ 12299 1827 16 , , , 12299 1827 17 clear clear JJ 12299 1827 18 , , , 12299 1827 19 straight straight RB 12299 1827 20 - - HYPH 12299 1827 21 grained grain VBN 12299 1827 22 blocks block NNS 12299 1827 23 with with IN 12299 1827 24 a a DT 12299 1827 25 projecting projecting NN 12299 1827 26 tenon tenon NN 12299 1827 27 or or CC 12299 1827 28 lip lip NN 12299 1827 29 to to TO 12299 1827 30 be be VB 12299 1827 31 sheared shear VBN 12299 1827 32 off off RP 12299 1827 33 . . . 12299 1828 1 Two two CD 12299 1828 2 common common JJ 12299 1828 3 forms form NNS 12299 1828 4 and and CC 12299 1828 5 sizes size NNS 12299 1828 6 are be VBP 12299 1828 7 shown show VBN 12299 1828 8 in in IN 12299 1828 9 Figure Figure NNP 12299 1828 10 38 38 CD 12299 1828 11 . . . 12299 1829 1 Part part NN 12299 1829 2 of of IN 12299 1829 3 the the DT 12299 1829 4 blocks block NNS 12299 1829 5 are be VBP 12299 1829 6 cut cut VBN 12299 1829 7 so so IN 12299 1829 8 that that IN 12299 1829 9 the the DT 12299 1829 10 shearing shearing NN 12299 1829 11 surface surface NN 12299 1829 12 is be VBZ 12299 1829 13 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1829 14 to to IN 12299 1829 15 the the DT 12299 1829 16 growth growth NN 12299 1829 17 rings ring NNS 12299 1829 18 , , , 12299 1829 19 or or CC 12299 1829 20 tangential tangential NN 12299 1829 21 ; ; : 12299 1829 22 others other NNS 12299 1829 23 at at IN 12299 1829 24 right right JJ 12299 1829 25 angles angle NNS 12299 1829 26 to to IN 12299 1829 27 the the DT 12299 1829 28 growth growth NN 12299 1829 29 rings ring NNS 12299 1829 30 , , , 12299 1829 31 or or CC 12299 1829 32 radial radial JJ 12299 1829 33 . . . 12299 1830 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1830 2 is be VBZ 12299 1830 3 important important JJ 12299 1830 4 that that IN 12299 1830 5 the the DT 12299 1830 6 upper upper JJ 12299 1830 7 surface surface NN 12299 1830 8 of of IN 12299 1830 9 the the DT 12299 1830 10 tenon tenon NN 12299 1830 11 or or CC 12299 1830 12 lip lip NN 12299 1830 13 be be VB 12299 1830 14 sawed saw VBN 12299 1830 15 exactly exactly RB 12299 1830 16 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1830 17 to to IN 12299 1830 18 the the DT 12299 1830 19 base base NN 12299 1830 20 of of IN 12299 1830 21 the the DT 12299 1830 22 block block NN 12299 1830 23 . . . 12299 1831 1 When when WRB 12299 1831 2 the the DT 12299 1831 3 form form NN 12299 1831 4 with with IN 12299 1831 5 a a DT 12299 1831 6 tenon tenon NN 12299 1831 7 is be VBZ 12299 1831 8 used use VBN 12299 1831 9 the the DT 12299 1831 10 under under JJ 12299 1831 11 cut cut NN 12299 1831 12 is be VBZ 12299 1831 13 extended extend VBN 12299 1831 14 a a DT 12299 1831 15 short short JJ 12299 1831 16 distance distance NN 12299 1831 17 horizontally horizontally RB 12299 1831 18 into into IN 12299 1831 19 the the DT 12299 1831 20 block block NN 12299 1831 21 to to TO 12299 1831 22 prevent prevent VB 12299 1831 23 any any DT 12299 1831 24 compression compression NN 12299 1831 25 from from IN 12299 1831 26 below below RB 12299 1831 27 . . . 12299 1832 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1832 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1832 3 : : : 12299 1832 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1832 5 . . . 12299 1833 1 38.--Two 38.--two CD 12299 1833 2 forms form NNS 12299 1833 3 of of IN 12299 1833 4 shear shear NN 12299 1833 5 test test NN 12299 1833 6 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1833 7 . . . 12299 1833 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1834 1 In in IN 12299 1834 2 designing design VBG 12299 1834 3 a a DT 12299 1834 4 shearing shearing NN 12299 1834 5 specimen specimen VBZ 12299 1834 6 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1834 7 is be VBZ 12299 1834 8 necessary necessary JJ 12299 1834 9 to to TO 12299 1834 10 take take VB 12299 1834 11 into into IN 12299 1834 12 consideration consideration NN 12299 1834 13 the the DT 12299 1834 14 proportions proportion NNS 12299 1834 15 of of IN 12299 1834 16 the the DT 12299 1834 17 area area NN 12299 1834 18 of of IN 12299 1834 19 shear shear NN 12299 1834 20 , , , 12299 1834 21 since since IN 12299 1834 22 , , , 12299 1834 23 if if IN 12299 1834 24 the the DT 12299 1834 25 length length NN 12299 1834 26 of of IN 12299 1834 27 the the DT 12299 1834 28 portion portion NN 12299 1834 29 to to TO 12299 1834 30 be be VB 12299 1834 31 sheared shear VBN 12299 1834 32 off off RP 12299 1834 33 is be VBZ 12299 1834 34 too too RB 12299 1834 35 great great JJ 12299 1834 36 in in IN 12299 1834 37 the the DT 12299 1834 38 direction direction NN 12299 1834 39 of of IN 12299 1834 40 the the DT 12299 1834 41 shearing shear VBG 12299 1834 42 face face NN 12299 1834 43 , , , 12299 1834 44 failure failure NN 12299 1834 45 would would MD 12299 1834 46 occur occur VB 12299 1834 47 by by IN 12299 1834 48 compression compression NN 12299 1834 49 before before IN 12299 1834 50 the the DT 12299 1834 51 piece piece NN 12299 1834 52 would would MD 12299 1834 53 shear shear VB 12299 1834 54 . . . 12299 1835 1 Inasmuch inasmuch IN 12299 1835 2 as as IN 12299 1835 3 the the DT 12299 1835 4 endwise endwise JJ 12299 1835 5 compressive compressive JJ 12299 1835 6 strength strength NN 12299 1835 7 is be VBZ 12299 1835 8 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1835 9 not not RB 12299 1835 10 more more JJR 12299 1835 11 than than IN 12299 1835 12 five five CD 12299 1835 13 times time NNS 12299 1835 14 the the DT 12299 1835 15 shearing shearing NN 12299 1835 16 strength strength NN 12299 1835 17 , , , 12299 1835 18 the the DT 12299 1835 19 shearing shearing NN 12299 1835 20 surface surface NN 12299 1835 21 should should MD 12299 1835 22 be be VB 12299 1835 23 less less JJR 12299 1835 24 than than IN 12299 1835 25 five five CD 12299 1835 26 times time NNS 12299 1835 27 the the DT 12299 1835 28 surface surface NN 12299 1835 29 to to TO 12299 1835 30 which which WDT 12299 1835 31 the the DT 12299 1835 32 load load NN 12299 1835 33 is be VBZ 12299 1835 34 applied apply VBN 12299 1835 35 . . . 12299 1836 1 This this DT 12299 1836 2 condition condition NN 12299 1836 3 is be VBZ 12299 1836 4 fulfilled fulfil VBN 12299 1836 5 in in IN 12299 1836 6 the the DT 12299 1836 7 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1836 8 illustrated illustrate VBN 12299 1836 9 . . . 12299 1837 1 Shearing shear VBG 12299 1837 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1837 3 are be VBP 12299 1837 4 frequently frequently RB 12299 1837 5 cut cut VBN 12299 1837 6 from from IN 12299 1837 7 beams beam NNS 12299 1837 8 after after IN 12299 1837 9 testing testing NN 12299 1837 10 . . . 12299 1838 1 In in IN 12299 1838 2 this this DT 12299 1838 3 case case NN 12299 1838 4 the the DT 12299 1838 5 specific specific JJ 12299 1838 6 gravity gravity NN 12299 1838 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1838 8 dry dry NNP 12299 1838 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1838 10 , , , 12299 1838 11 proportion proportion NN 12299 1838 12 of of IN 12299 1838 13 late late JJ 12299 1838 14 wood wood NN 12299 1838 15 , , , 12299 1838 16 and and CC 12299 1838 17 rate rate NN 12299 1838 18 of of IN 12299 1838 19 growth growth NN 12299 1838 20 are be VBP 12299 1838 21 assumed assume VBN 12299 1838 22 to to TO 12299 1838 23 be be VB 12299 1838 24 the the DT 12299 1838 25 same same JJ 12299 1838 26 as as IN 12299 1838 27 already already RB 12299 1838 28 recorded record VBN 12299 1838 29 for for IN 12299 1838 30 the the DT 12299 1838 31 beams beam NNS 12299 1838 32 . . . 12299 1839 1 In in IN 12299 1839 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1839 3 not not RB 12299 1839 4 so so RB 12299 1839 5 taken take VBN 12299 1839 6 , , , 12299 1839 7 these these DT 12299 1839 8 quantities quantity NNS 12299 1839 9 are be VBP 12299 1839 10 determined determine VBN 12299 1839 11 in in IN 12299 1839 12 the the DT 12299 1839 13 usual usual JJ 12299 1839 14 way way NN 12299 1839 15 . . . 12299 1840 1 The the DT 12299 1840 2 sheared shear VBN 12299 1840 3 - - HYPH 12299 1840 4 off off RP 12299 1840 5 portion portion NN 12299 1840 6 is be VBZ 12299 1840 7 used use VBN 12299 1840 8 for for IN 12299 1840 9 a a DT 12299 1840 10 moisture moisture NN 12299 1840 11 section section NN 12299 1840 12 . . . 12299 1841 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1841 2 Adjusting Adjusting NNP 12299 1841 3 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1841 4 in in IN 12299 1841 5 machine machine NN 12299 1841 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1841 7 : : : 12299 1841 8 The the DT 12299 1841 9 test test NN 12299 1841 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1841 11 is be VBZ 12299 1841 12 placed place VBN 12299 1841 13 in in IN 12299 1841 14 the the DT 12299 1841 15 shearing shearing NN 12299 1841 16 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1841 17 with with IN 12299 1841 18 the the DT 12299 1841 19 tenon tenon NN 12299 1841 20 or or CC 12299 1841 21 lip lip NN 12299 1841 22 under under IN 12299 1841 23 the the DT 12299 1841 24 sliding slide VBG 12299 1841 25 plate plate NN 12299 1841 26 , , , 12299 1841 27 which which WDT 12299 1841 28 is be VBZ 12299 1841 29 centred centre VBN 12299 1841 30 under under IN 12299 1841 31 the the DT 12299 1841 32 movable movable JJ 12299 1841 33 head head NN 12299 1841 34 of of IN 12299 1841 35 the the DT 12299 1841 36 machine machine NN 12299 1841 37 . . . 12299 1842 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1842 2 See see VB 12299 1842 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1842 4 . . . 12299 1843 1 39 39 CD 12299 1843 2 . . . 12299 1843 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1844 1 In in IN 12299 1844 2 order order NN 12299 1844 3 to to TO 12299 1844 4 reduce reduce VB 12299 1844 5 to to IN 12299 1844 6 a a DT 12299 1844 7 minimum minimum NN 12299 1844 8 the the DT 12299 1844 9 friction friction NN 12299 1844 10 due due IN 12299 1844 11 to to IN 12299 1844 12 the the DT 12299 1844 13 lateral lateral JJ 12299 1844 14 pressure pressure NN 12299 1844 15 of of IN 12299 1844 16 the the DT 12299 1844 17 plate plate NN 12299 1844 18 against against IN 12299 1844 19 the the DT 12299 1844 20 bearings bearing NNS 12299 1844 21 of of IN 12299 1844 22 the the DT 12299 1844 23 slot slot NN 12299 1844 24 , , , 12299 1844 25 the the DT 12299 1844 26 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1844 27 is be VBZ 12299 1844 28 sometimes sometimes RB 12299 1844 29 placed place VBN 12299 1844 30 upon upon IN 12299 1844 31 several several JJ 12299 1844 32 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1844 33 steel steel NN 12299 1844 34 rods rod NNS 12299 1844 35 to to TO 12299 1844 36 form form VB 12299 1844 37 a a DT 12299 1844 38 roller roller NN 12299 1844 39 base base NN 12299 1844 40 . . . 12299 1845 1 A a DT 12299 1845 2 slight slight JJ 12299 1845 3 initial initial JJ 12299 1845 4 load load NN 12299 1845 5 is be VBZ 12299 1845 6 applied apply VBN 12299 1845 7 to to TO 12299 1845 8 take take VB 12299 1845 9 up up RP 12299 1845 10 the the DT 12299 1845 11 lost lost JJ 12299 1845 12 motion motion NN 12299 1845 13 of of IN 12299 1845 14 the the DT 12299 1845 15 machinery machinery NN 12299 1845 16 , , , 12299 1845 17 and and CC 12299 1845 18 the the DT 12299 1845 19 beam beam NN 12299 1845 20 balanced balanced JJ 12299 1845 21 . . . 12299 1846 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1846 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1846 3 : : : 12299 1846 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1846 5 . . . 12299 1847 1 39.--Making 39.--making CD 12299 1847 2 a a DT 12299 1847 3 shearing shear VBG 12299 1847 4 test test NN 12299 1847 5 . . . 12299 1847 6 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1848 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1848 2 Log Log NNP 12299 1848 3 of of IN 12299 1848 4 the the DT 12299 1848 5 test test NN 12299 1848 6 _ _ NNP 12299 1848 7 : : : 12299 1848 8 The the DT 12299 1848 9 load load NN 12299 1848 10 is be VBZ 12299 1848 11 applied apply VBN 12299 1848 12 continuously continuously RB 12299 1848 13 and and CC 12299 1848 14 at at IN 12299 1848 15 a a DT 12299 1848 16 uniform uniform JJ 12299 1848 17 rate rate NN 12299 1848 18 until until IN 12299 1848 19 failure failure NN 12299 1848 20 , , , 12299 1848 21 but but CC 12299 1848 22 no no DT 12299 1848 23 deformations deformation NNS 12299 1848 24 are be VBP 12299 1848 25 measured measure VBN 12299 1848 26 . . . 12299 1849 1 The the DT 12299 1849 2 points point NNS 12299 1849 3 noted note VBD 12299 1849 4 are be VBP 12299 1849 5 the the DT 12299 1849 6 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1849 7 load load NN 12299 1849 8 and and CC 12299 1849 9 the the DT 12299 1849 10 length length NN 12299 1849 11 of of IN 12299 1849 12 time time NN 12299 1849 13 required require VBN 12299 1849 14 to to TO 12299 1849 15 reach reach VB 12299 1849 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1849 17 . . . 12299 1850 1 Sketches sketch NNS 12299 1850 2 are be VBP 12299 1850 3 made make VBN 12299 1850 4 of of IN 12299 1850 5 the the DT 12299 1850 6 failure failure NN 12299 1850 7 . . . 12299 1851 1 If if IN 12299 1851 2 the the DT 12299 1851 3 failure failure NN 12299 1851 4 is be VBZ 12299 1851 5 not not RB 12299 1851 6 pure pure JJ 12299 1851 7 shear shear NN 12299 1851 8 the the DT 12299 1851 9 test test NN 12299 1851 10 is be VBZ 12299 1851 11 culled cull VBN 12299 1851 12 . . . 12299 1852 1 The the DT 12299 1852 2 shearing shearing NN 12299 1852 3 strength strength NN 12299 1852 4 per per IN 12299 1852 5 square square JJ 12299 1852 6 inch inch NN 12299 1852 7 is be VBZ 12299 1852 8 found find VBN 12299 1852 9 by by IN 12299 1852 10 dividing divide VBG 12299 1852 11 the the DT 12299 1852 12 { { -LRB- 12299 1852 13 P p NN 12299 1852 14 } } -RRB- 12299 1852 15 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1852 16 load load NN 12299 1852 17 by by IN 12299 1852 18 the the DT 12299 1852 19 cross cross JJ 12299 1852 20 - - JJ 12299 1852 21 sectional sectional JJ 12299 1852 22 area area NN 12299 1852 23 . . . 12299 1853 1 { { -LRB- 12299 1853 2 Q q NN 12299 1853 3 = = NFP 12299 1853 4 --- --- : 12299 1853 5 } } -RRB- 12299 1853 6 { { -LRB- 12299 1853 7 A a NN 12299 1853 8 } } -RRB- 12299 1853 9 IMPACT IMPACT NNP 12299 1853 10 TEST test NN 12299 1853 11 _ _ NNP 12299 1853 12 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 1853 13 _ _ NNP 12299 1853 14 : : : 12299 1853 15 There there EX 12299 1853 16 are be VBP 12299 1853 17 several several JJ 12299 1853 18 types type NNS 12299 1853 19 of of IN 12299 1853 20 impact impact NN 12299 1853 21 testing testing NN 12299 1853 22 machines machine NNS 12299 1853 23 . . . 12299 1854 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1854 2 59 59 CD 12299 1854 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1854 4 One one CD 12299 1854 5 of of IN 12299 1854 6 the the DT 12299 1854 7 simplest simple JJS 12299 1854 8 and and CC 12299 1854 9 most most RBS 12299 1854 10 efficient efficient JJ 12299 1854 11 for for IN 12299 1854 12 use use NN 12299 1854 13 with with IN 12299 1854 14 wood wood NN 12299 1854 15 is be VBZ 12299 1854 16 illustrated illustrate VBN 12299 1854 17 in in IN 12299 1854 18 Figure Figure NNP 12299 1854 19 40 40 CD 12299 1854 20 . . . 12299 1855 1 The the DT 12299 1855 2 base base NN 12299 1855 3 of of IN 12299 1855 4 the the DT 12299 1855 5 machine machine NN 12299 1855 6 is be VBZ 12299 1855 7 7 7 CD 12299 1855 8 feet foot NNS 12299 1855 9 long long JJ 12299 1855 10 , , , 12299 1855 11 2.5 2.5 CD 12299 1855 12 feet foot NNS 12299 1855 13 wide wide JJ 12299 1855 14 at at IN 12299 1855 15 the the DT 12299 1855 16 centre centre NN 12299 1855 17 , , , 12299 1855 18 and and CC 12299 1855 19 weighs weigh VBZ 12299 1855 20 3,500 3,500 CD 12299 1855 21 pounds pound NNS 12299 1855 22 . . . 12299 1856 1 Two two CD 12299 1856 2 upright upright JJ 12299 1856 3 columns column NNS 12299 1856 4 , , , 12299 1856 5 each each DT 12299 1856 6 8 8 CD 12299 1856 7 feet foot NNS 12299 1856 8 long long JJ 12299 1856 9 , , , 12299 1856 10 act act VBP 12299 1856 11 as as IN 12299 1856 12 guides guide NNS 12299 1856 13 for for IN 12299 1856 14 the the DT 12299 1856 15 striking striking JJ 12299 1856 16 head head NN 12299 1856 17 . . . 12299 1857 1 At at IN 12299 1857 2 the the DT 12299 1857 3 top top NN 12299 1857 4 of of IN 12299 1857 5 the the DT 12299 1857 6 column column NN 12299 1857 7 is be VBZ 12299 1857 8 the the DT 12299 1857 9 hoisting hoisting NN 12299 1857 10 mechanism mechanism NN 12299 1857 11 for for IN 12299 1857 12 raising raise VBG 12299 1857 13 or or CC 12299 1857 14 lowering lower VBG 12299 1857 15 the the DT 12299 1857 16 striking strike VBG 12299 1857 17 weights weight NNS 12299 1857 18 . . . 12299 1858 1 The the DT 12299 1858 2 power power NN 12299 1858 3 for for IN 12299 1858 4 operating operate VBG 12299 1858 5 the the DT 12299 1858 6 machine machine NN 12299 1858 7 is be VBZ 12299 1858 8 furnished furnish VBN 12299 1858 9 by by IN 12299 1858 10 a a DT 12299 1858 11 motor motor NN 12299 1858 12 set set VBN 12299 1858 13 on on IN 12299 1858 14 the the DT 12299 1858 15 top top NN 12299 1858 16 . . . 12299 1859 1 The the DT 12299 1859 2 hoisting hoisting NN 12299 1859 3 - - HYPH 12299 1859 4 mechanism mechanism NN 12299 1859 5 is be VBZ 12299 1859 6 all all DT 12299 1859 7 controlled control VBN 12299 1859 8 by by IN 12299 1859 9 a a DT 12299 1859 10 single single JJ 12299 1859 11 operating operating NN 12299 1859 12 lever lever NN 12299 1859 13 , , , 12299 1859 14 shown show VBN 12299 1859 15 on on IN 12299 1859 16 the the DT 12299 1859 17 side side NN 12299 1859 18 of of IN 12299 1859 19 the the DT 12299 1859 20 column column NN 12299 1859 21 , , , 12299 1859 22 whereby whereby WRB 12299 1859 23 the the DT 12299 1859 24 striking striking JJ 12299 1859 25 weight weight NN 12299 1859 26 may may MD 12299 1859 27 be be VB 12299 1859 28 raised raise VBN 12299 1859 29 , , , 12299 1859 30 lowered lower VBN 12299 1859 31 , , , 12299 1859 32 or or CC 12299 1859 33 stopped stop VBD 12299 1859 34 at at IN 12299 1859 35 the the DT 12299 1859 36 will will NN 12299 1859 37 of of IN 12299 1859 38 the the DT 12299 1859 39 operator operator NN 12299 1859 40 . . . 12299 1860 1 There there EX 12299 1860 2 is be VBZ 12299 1860 3 an an DT 12299 1860 4 automatic automatic JJ 12299 1860 5 safety safety NN 12299 1860 6 device device NN 12299 1860 7 for for IN 12299 1860 8 stopping stop VBG 12299 1860 9 the the DT 12299 1860 10 machine machine NN 12299 1860 11 when when WRB 12299 1860 12 the the DT 12299 1860 13 weight weight NN 12299 1860 14 reaches reach VBZ 12299 1860 15 the the DT 12299 1860 16 top top NN 12299 1860 17 . . . 12299 1861 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1861 2 Footnote footnote NN 12299 1861 3 59 59 CD 12299 1861 4 : : : 12299 1861 5 For for IN 12299 1861 6 description description NN 12299 1861 7 of of IN 12299 1861 8 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1861 9 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1861 10 Service Service NNP 12299 1861 11 automatic automatic JJ 12299 1861 12 and and CC 12299 1861 13 autographic autographic JJ 12299 1861 14 impact impact NN 12299 1861 15 testing testing NN 12299 1861 16 machine machine NN 12299 1861 17 , , , 12299 1861 18 see see VB 12299 1861 19 Proc Proc NNP 12299 1861 20 . . . 12299 1862 1 Am Am NNP 12299 1862 2 . . . 12299 1863 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 1863 2 . . . 12299 1864 1 for for IN 12299 1864 2 Testing Testing NNP 12299 1864 3 Materials Materials NNPS 12299 1864 4 , , , 12299 1864 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 1864 6 . . . 12299 1865 1 VIII VIII NNP 12299 1865 2 , , , 12299 1865 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 1865 4 , , , 12299 1865 5 pp pp NNP 12299 1865 6 . . . 12299 1866 1 538 538 CD 12299 1866 2 - - HYPH 12299 1866 3 540 540 CD 12299 1866 4 . . . 12299 1866 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1867 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1867 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1867 3 : : : 12299 1867 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1867 5 . . . 12299 1868 1 40.--Impact 40.--impact CD 12299 1868 2 testing testing NN 12299 1868 3 machine machine NN 12299 1868 4 . . . 12299 1868 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1869 1 The the DT 12299 1869 2 weight weight NN 12299 1869 3 is be VBZ 12299 1869 4 lifted lift VBN 12299 1869 5 by by IN 12299 1869 6 a a DT 12299 1869 7 chain chain NN 12299 1869 8 , , , 12299 1869 9 one one CD 12299 1869 10 end end NN 12299 1869 11 of of IN 12299 1869 12 which which WDT 12299 1869 13 passes pass VBZ 12299 1869 14 over over IN 12299 1869 15 a a DT 12299 1869 16 sprocket sprocket NN 12299 1869 17 wheel wheel NN 12299 1869 18 in in IN 12299 1869 19 the the DT 12299 1869 20 hoisting hoisting NN 12299 1869 21 mechanism mechanism NN 12299 1869 22 . . . 12299 1870 1 On on IN 12299 1870 2 the the DT 12299 1870 3 lower low JJR 12299 1870 4 end end NN 12299 1870 5 of of IN 12299 1870 6 the the DT 12299 1870 7 chain chain NN 12299 1870 8 is be VBZ 12299 1870 9 hung hang VBN 12299 1870 10 an an DT 12299 1870 11 electro electro JJ 12299 1870 12 - - HYPH 12299 1870 13 magnet magnet NN 12299 1870 14 of of IN 12299 1870 15 sufficient sufficient JJ 12299 1870 16 magnetic magnetic JJ 12299 1870 17 strength strength NN 12299 1870 18 to to TO 12299 1870 19 support support VB 12299 1870 20 the the DT 12299 1870 21 heaviest heavy JJS 12299 1870 22 striking striking NN 12299 1870 23 weights weight NNS 12299 1870 24 . . . 12299 1871 1 When when WRB 12299 1871 2 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1871 3 is be VBZ 12299 1871 4 desired desire VBN 12299 1871 5 to to TO 12299 1871 6 drop drop VB 12299 1871 7 the the DT 12299 1871 8 striking striking JJ 12299 1871 9 weight weight NN 12299 1871 10 the the DT 12299 1871 11 electric electric JJ 12299 1871 12 current current NN 12299 1871 13 is be VBZ 12299 1871 14 broken break VBN 12299 1871 15 and and CC 12299 1871 16 reversed reverse VBN 12299 1871 17 by by IN 12299 1871 18 means mean NNS 12299 1871 19 of of IN 12299 1871 20 an an DT 12299 1871 21 automatic automatic JJ 12299 1871 22 switch switch NN 12299 1871 23 and and CC 12299 1871 24 current current JJ 12299 1871 25 breaker breaker NN 12299 1871 26 . . . 12299 1872 1 The the DT 12299 1872 2 height height NN 12299 1872 3 of of IN 12299 1872 4 drop drop NN 12299 1872 5 may may MD 12299 1872 6 be be VB 12299 1872 7 regulated regulate VBN 12299 1872 8 by by IN 12299 1872 9 setting set VBG 12299 1872 10 at at IN 12299 1872 11 the the DT 12299 1872 12 desired desire VBN 12299 1872 13 height height NN 12299 1872 14 on on IN 12299 1872 15 one one CD 12299 1872 16 of of IN 12299 1872 17 the the DT 12299 1872 18 columns column NNS 12299 1872 19 a a DT 12299 1872 20 tripping tripping NN 12299 1872 21 pin pin NN 12299 1872 22 which which WDT 12299 1872 23 throws throw VBZ 12299 1872 24 the the DT 12299 1872 25 switch switch NN 12299 1872 26 on on IN 12299 1872 27 the the DT 12299 1872 28 magnet magnet NN 12299 1872 29 and and CC 12299 1872 30 so so RB 12299 1872 31 breaks break NNS 12299 1872 32 and and CC 12299 1872 33 reverses reverse VBZ 12299 1872 34 the the DT 12299 1872 35 current current NN 12299 1872 36 . . . 12299 1873 1 There there EX 12299 1873 2 are be VBP 12299 1873 3 four four CD 12299 1873 4 striking strike VBG 12299 1873 5 weights weight NNS 12299 1873 6 , , , 12299 1873 7 weighing weigh VBG 12299 1873 8 respectively respectively RB 12299 1873 9 50 50 CD 12299 1873 10 , , , 12299 1873 11 100 100 CD 12299 1873 12 , , , 12299 1873 13 250 250 CD 12299 1873 14 , , , 12299 1873 15 and and CC 12299 1873 16 500 500 CD 12299 1873 17 pounds pound NNS 12299 1873 18 , , , 12299 1873 19 any any DT 12299 1873 20 one one CD 12299 1873 21 of of IN 12299 1873 22 which which WDT 12299 1873 23 may may MD 12299 1873 24 be be VB 12299 1873 25 used use VBN 12299 1873 26 , , , 12299 1873 27 depending depend VBG 12299 1873 28 upon upon IN 12299 1873 29 the the DT 12299 1873 30 desired desire VBN 12299 1873 31 energy energy NN 12299 1873 32 of of IN 12299 1873 33 blow blow NN 12299 1873 34 . . . 12299 1874 1 When when WRB 12299 1874 2 used use VBN 12299 1874 3 for for IN 12299 1874 4 compression compression NN 12299 1874 5 tests test VBZ 12299 1874 6 a a DT 12299 1874 7 flat flat JJ 12299 1874 8 steel steel NN 12299 1874 9 head head NN 12299 1874 10 six six CD 12299 1874 11 inches inch NNS 12299 1874 12 in in IN 12299 1874 13 diameter diameter NN 12299 1874 14 is be VBZ 12299 1874 15 screwed screw VBN 12299 1874 16 into into IN 12299 1874 17 the the DT 12299 1874 18 lower low JJR 12299 1874 19 end end NN 12299 1874 20 of of IN 12299 1874 21 the the DT 12299 1874 22 weight weight NN 12299 1874 23 . . . 12299 1875 1 For for IN 12299 1875 2 transverse transverse JJ 12299 1875 3 tests test NNS 12299 1875 4 , , , 12299 1875 5 a a DT 12299 1875 6 well well RB 12299 1875 7 - - HYPH 12299 1875 8 rounded rounded JJ 12299 1875 9 knife knife NN 12299 1875 10 edge edge NN 12299 1875 11 is be VBZ 12299 1875 12 screwed screw VBN 12299 1875 13 into into IN 12299 1875 14 the the DT 12299 1875 15 weight weight NN 12299 1875 16 in in IN 12299 1875 17 place place NN 12299 1875 18 of of IN 12299 1875 19 the the DT 12299 1875 20 flat flat JJ 12299 1875 21 head head NN 12299 1875 22 . . . 12299 1876 1 Knife Knife NNP 12299 1876 2 edges edge VBZ 12299 1876 3 for for IN 12299 1876 4 supporting support VBG 12299 1876 5 the the DT 12299 1876 6 ends end NNS 12299 1876 7 of of IN 12299 1876 8 the the DT 12299 1876 9 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1876 10 to to TO 12299 1876 11 be be VB 12299 1876 12 tested test VBN 12299 1876 13 , , , 12299 1876 14 are be VBP 12299 1876 15 securely securely RB 12299 1876 16 bolted bolt VBN 12299 1876 17 to to IN 12299 1876 18 the the DT 12299 1876 19 base base NN 12299 1876 20 of of IN 12299 1876 21 the the DT 12299 1876 22 machine machine NN 12299 1876 23 . . . 12299 1877 1 The the DT 12299 1877 2 record record NN 12299 1877 3 of of IN 12299 1877 4 the the DT 12299 1877 5 behavior behavior NN 12299 1877 6 of of IN 12299 1877 7 the the DT 12299 1877 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1877 9 at at IN 12299 1877 10 time time NN 12299 1877 11 of of IN 12299 1877 12 impact impact NN 12299 1877 13 is be VBZ 12299 1877 14 traced trace VBN 12299 1877 15 upon upon IN 12299 1877 16 a a DT 12299 1877 17 revolving revolving JJ 12299 1877 18 drum drum NN 12299 1877 19 by by IN 12299 1877 20 a a DT 12299 1877 21 pencil pencil NN 12299 1877 22 fixed fix VBN 12299 1877 23 in in IN 12299 1877 24 the the DT 12299 1877 25 striking striking JJ 12299 1877 26 head head NN 12299 1877 27 . . . 12299 1878 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1878 2 See see VB 12299 1878 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1878 4 . . . 12299 1879 1 41 41 CD 12299 1879 2 . . . 12299 1879 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1880 1 When when WRB 12299 1880 2 a a DT 12299 1880 3 drop drop NN 12299 1880 4 is be VBZ 12299 1880 5 made make VBN 12299 1880 6 the the DT 12299 1880 7 pencil pencil NN 12299 1880 8 comes come VBZ 12299 1880 9 in in IN 12299 1880 10 contact contact NN 12299 1880 11 with with IN 12299 1880 12 the the DT 12299 1880 13 drum drum NN 12299 1880 14 and and CC 12299 1880 15 is be VBZ 12299 1880 16 held hold VBN 12299 1880 17 in in IN 12299 1880 18 place place NN 12299 1880 19 by by IN 12299 1880 20 a a DT 12299 1880 21 spring spring NN 12299 1880 22 . . . 12299 1881 1 The the DT 12299 1881 2 drum drum NN 12299 1881 3 is be VBZ 12299 1881 4 revolved revolve VBN 12299 1881 5 very very RB 12299 1881 6 slowly slowly RB 12299 1881 7 , , , 12299 1881 8 either either CC 12299 1881 9 automatically automatically RB 12299 1881 10 or or CC 12299 1881 11 by by IN 12299 1881 12 hand hand NN 12299 1881 13 . . . 12299 1882 1 The the DT 12299 1882 2 speed speed NN 12299 1882 3 of of IN 12299 1882 4 the the DT 12299 1882 5 drum drum NN 12299 1882 6 can can MD 12299 1882 7 be be VB 12299 1882 8 recorded record VBN 12299 1882 9 by by IN 12299 1882 10 a a DT 12299 1882 11 pencil pencil NN 12299 1882 12 in in IN 12299 1882 13 the the DT 12299 1882 14 end end NN 12299 1882 15 of of IN 12299 1882 16 a a DT 12299 1882 17 tuning tuning NN 12299 1882 18 fork fork NN 12299 1882 19 which which WDT 12299 1882 20 gives give VBZ 12299 1882 21 a a DT 12299 1882 22 known know VBN 12299 1882 23 number number NN 12299 1882 24 of of IN 12299 1882 25 vibrations vibration NNS 12299 1882 26 per per IN 12299 1882 27 second second NN 12299 1882 28 . . . 12299 1883 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1883 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1883 3 : : : 12299 1883 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1883 5 . . . 12299 1884 1 41.--Drum 41.--drum LS 12299 1884 2 record record NN 12299 1884 3 of of IN 12299 1884 4 impact impact NN 12299 1884 5 bending bend VBG 12299 1884 6 test test NN 12299 1884 7 . . . 12299 1884 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1885 1 One one CD 12299 1885 2 size size NN 12299 1885 3 of of IN 12299 1885 4 this this DT 12299 1885 5 machine machine NN 12299 1885 6 will will MD 12299 1885 7 handle handle VB 12299 1885 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1885 9 for for IN 12299 1885 10 transverse transverse JJ 12299 1885 11 tests test NNS 12299 1885 12 9 9 CD 12299 1885 13 inches inch NNS 12299 1885 14 wide wide JJ 12299 1885 15 and and CC 12299 1885 16 6-foot 6-foot CD 12299 1885 17 span span NN 12299 1885 18 ; ; : 12299 1885 19 the the DT 12299 1885 20 other other JJ 12299 1885 21 , , , 12299 1885 22 12 12 CD 12299 1885 23 inches inch NNS 12299 1885 24 wide wide JJ 12299 1885 25 and and CC 12299 1885 26 8-foot 8-foot CD 12299 1885 27 span span NN 12299 1885 28 . . . 12299 1886 1 For for IN 12299 1886 2 compression compression NN 12299 1886 3 tests test VBZ 12299 1886 4 a a DT 12299 1886 5 free free JJ 12299 1886 6 fall fall NN 12299 1886 7 of of IN 12299 1886 8 about about IN 12299 1886 9 6.5 6.5 CD 12299 1886 10 feet foot NNS 12299 1886 11 may may MD 12299 1886 12 be be VB 12299 1886 13 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1886 14 . . . 12299 1887 1 For for IN 12299 1887 2 transverse transverse JJ 12299 1887 3 tests test NNS 12299 1887 4 the the DT 12299 1887 5 fall fall NN 12299 1887 6 is be VBZ 12299 1887 7 a a DT 12299 1887 8 little little JJ 12299 1887 9 less less JJR 12299 1887 10 , , , 12299 1887 11 depending depend VBG 12299 1887 12 upon upon IN 12299 1887 13 the the DT 12299 1887 14 size size NN 12299 1887 15 of of IN 12299 1887 16 the the DT 12299 1887 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1887 18 . . . 12299 1888 1 The the DT 12299 1888 2 machine machine NN 12299 1888 3 is be VBZ 12299 1888 4 calibrated calibrate VBN 12299 1888 5 by by IN 12299 1888 6 dropping drop VBG 12299 1888 7 the the DT 12299 1888 8 hammer hammer NN 12299 1888 9 upon upon IN 12299 1888 10 a a DT 12299 1888 11 copper copper NN 12299 1888 12 cylinder cylinder NN 12299 1888 13 . . . 12299 1889 1 The the DT 12299 1889 2 axial axial JJ 12299 1889 3 compression compression NN 12299 1889 4 of of IN 12299 1889 5 the the DT 12299 1889 6 plug plug NN 12299 1889 7 is be VBZ 12299 1889 8 noted note VBN 12299 1889 9 . . . 12299 1890 1 The the DT 12299 1890 2 energy energy NN 12299 1890 3 used use VBN 12299 1890 4 in in IN 12299 1890 5 static static JJ 12299 1890 6 tests test NNS 12299 1890 7 to to TO 12299 1890 8 produce produce VB 12299 1890 9 this this DT 12299 1890 10 axial axial JJ 12299 1890 11 compression compression NN 12299 1890 12 under under IN 12299 1890 13 stress stress NN 12299 1890 14 in in IN 12299 1890 15 a a DT 12299 1890 16 like like JJ 12299 1890 17 piece piece NN 12299 1890 18 of of IN 12299 1890 19 metal metal NN 12299 1890 20 is be VBZ 12299 1890 21 determined determine VBN 12299 1890 22 . . . 12299 1891 1 The the DT 12299 1891 2 external external JJ 12299 1891 3 energy energy NN 12299 1891 4 of of IN 12299 1891 5 the the DT 12299 1891 6 blow blow NN 12299 1891 7 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1891 8 _ _ NNP 12299 1891 9 i.e. i.e. FW 12299 1891 10 _ _ NNP 12299 1891 11 , , , 12299 1891 12 the the DT 12299 1891 13 weight weight NN 12299 1891 14 of of IN 12299 1891 15 the the DT 12299 1891 16 hammer hammer NN 12299 1891 17 X x NN 12299 1891 18 the the DT 12299 1891 19 height height NN 12299 1891 20 of of IN 12299 1891 21 drop drop NN 12299 1891 22 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1891 23 is be VBZ 12299 1891 24 compared compare VBN 12299 1891 25 with with IN 12299 1891 26 the the DT 12299 1891 27 energy energy NN 12299 1891 28 used use VBN 12299 1891 29 in in IN 12299 1891 30 static static JJ 12299 1891 31 tests test NNS 12299 1891 32 at at IN 12299 1891 33 equal equal JJ 12299 1891 34 amounts amount NNS 12299 1891 35 of of IN 12299 1891 36 compression compression NN 12299 1891 37 . . . 12299 1892 1 For for IN 12299 1892 2 instance instance NN 12299 1892 3 : : : 12299 1892 4 Energy energy NN 12299 1892 5 delivered deliver VBN 12299 1892 6 , , , 12299 1892 7 impact impact NN 12299 1892 8 test test NN 12299 1892 9 35,000 35,000 CD 12299 1892 10 inch inch NN 12299 1892 11 - - HYPH 12299 1892 12 pounds pound NNS 12299 1892 13 Energy Energy NNP 12299 1892 14 computed compute VBD 12299 1892 15 from from IN 12299 1892 16 static static JJ 12299 1892 17 test test NN 12299 1892 18 .26,400 .26,400 . 12299 1892 19 " " '' 12299 1892 20 " " `` 12299 1892 21 Efficiency Efficiency NNP 12299 1892 22 of of IN 12299 1892 23 blow blow NN 12299 1892 24 of of IN 12299 1892 25 hammer hammer NN 12299 1892 26 .75.3 .75.3 . 12299 1892 27 per per IN 12299 1892 28 cent cent NN 12299 1892 29 . . . 12299 1893 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1893 2 Preparing prepare VBG 12299 1893 3 the the DT 12299 1893 4 material material NN 12299 1893 5 _ _ NNP 12299 1893 6 : : : 12299 1893 7 The the DT 12299 1893 8 material material NN 12299 1893 9 used use VBN 12299 1893 10 in in IN 12299 1893 11 making make VBG 12299 1893 12 impact impact NN 12299 1893 13 tests test NNS 12299 1893 14 is be VBZ 12299 1893 15 of of IN 12299 1893 16 the the DT 12299 1893 17 same same JJ 12299 1893 18 size size NN 12299 1893 19 and and CC 12299 1893 20 prepared prepare VBD 12299 1893 21 in in IN 12299 1893 22 the the DT 12299 1893 23 same same JJ 12299 1893 24 way way NN 12299 1893 25 as as IN 12299 1893 26 for for IN 12299 1893 27 static static JJ 12299 1893 28 bending bending NN 12299 1893 29 and and CC 12299 1893 30 compression compression NN 12299 1893 31 tests test NNS 12299 1893 32 . . . 12299 1894 1 Bending bend VBG 12299 1894 2 in in IN 12299 1894 3 impact impact NN 12299 1894 4 tests test NNS 12299 1894 5 is be VBZ 12299 1894 6 more more RBR 12299 1894 7 commonly commonly RB 12299 1894 8 used use VBN 12299 1894 9 than than IN 12299 1894 10 compression compression NN 12299 1894 11 , , , 12299 1894 12 and and CC 12299 1894 13 small small JJ 12299 1894 14 beams beam NNS 12299 1894 15 with with IN 12299 1894 16 28-inch 28-inch CD 12299 1894 17 span span NN 12299 1894 18 are be VBP 12299 1894 19 usually usually RB 12299 1894 20 employed employ VBN 12299 1894 21 . . . 12299 1895 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1895 2 Method Method NNP 12299 1895 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1895 4 : : : 12299 1895 5 In in IN 12299 1895 6 making make VBG 12299 1895 7 an an DT 12299 1895 8 impact impact NN 12299 1895 9 bending bend VBG 12299 1895 10 test test NN 12299 1895 11 the the DT 12299 1895 12 hammer hammer NN 12299 1895 13 is be VBZ 12299 1895 14 allowed allow VBN 12299 1895 15 to to TO 12299 1895 16 rest rest VB 12299 1895 17 upon upon IN 12299 1895 18 the the DT 12299 1895 19 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1895 20 and and CC 12299 1895 21 a a DT 12299 1895 22 zero zero CD 12299 1895 23 or or CC 12299 1895 24 datum datum NN 12299 1895 25 line line NN 12299 1895 26 is be VBZ 12299 1895 27 drawn draw VBN 12299 1895 28 . . . 12299 1896 1 The the DT 12299 1896 2 hammer hammer NN 12299 1896 3 is be VBZ 12299 1896 4 then then RB 12299 1896 5 dropped drop VBN 12299 1896 6 from from IN 12299 1896 7 increasing increase VBG 12299 1896 8 heights height NNS 12299 1896 9 and and CC 12299 1896 10 drum drum VB 12299 1896 11 records record NNS 12299 1896 12 taken take VBN 12299 1896 13 until until IN 12299 1896 14 first first JJ 12299 1896 15 failure failure NN 12299 1896 16 . . . 12299 1897 1 The the DT 12299 1897 2 first first JJ 12299 1897 3 drop drop NN 12299 1897 4 is be VBZ 12299 1897 5 one one CD 12299 1897 6 inch inch NN 12299 1897 7 and and CC 12299 1897 8 the the DT 12299 1897 9 increase increase NN 12299 1897 10 is be VBZ 12299 1897 11 by by IN 12299 1897 12 increments increment NNS 12299 1897 13 of of IN 12299 1897 14 one one CD 12299 1897 15 inch inch NN 12299 1897 16 until until IN 12299 1897 17 a a DT 12299 1897 18 height height NN 12299 1897 19 of of IN 12299 1897 20 ten ten CD 12299 1897 21 inches inch NNS 12299 1897 22 is be VBZ 12299 1897 23 reached reach VBN 12299 1897 24 , , , 12299 1897 25 after after IN 12299 1897 26 which which WDT 12299 1897 27 increments increment NNS 12299 1897 28 of of IN 12299 1897 29 two two CD 12299 1897 30 inches inch NNS 12299 1897 31 are be VBP 12299 1897 32 used use VBN 12299 1897 33 until until IN 12299 1897 34 complete complete JJ 12299 1897 35 failure failure NN 12299 1897 36 occurs occur VBZ 12299 1897 37 or or CC 12299 1897 38 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 1897 39 deflection deflection NN 12299 1897 40 is be VBZ 12299 1897 41 secured secure VBN 12299 1897 42 . . . 12299 1898 1 The the DT 12299 1898 2 50-pound 50-pound CD 12299 1898 3 hammer hammer NN 12299 1898 4 is be VBZ 12299 1898 5 used use VBN 12299 1898 6 when when WRB 12299 1898 7 with with IN 12299 1898 8 drops drop NNS 12299 1898 9 up up IN 12299 1898 10 to to TO 12299 1898 11 68 68 CD 12299 1898 12 inches inch NNS 12299 1898 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1898 14 is be VBZ 12299 1898 15 reasonably reasonably RB 12299 1898 16 certain certain JJ 12299 1898 17 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1898 18 will will MD 12299 1898 19 produce produce VB 12299 1898 20 complete complete JJ 12299 1898 21 failure failure NN 12299 1898 22 or or CC 12299 1898 23 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 1898 24 deflection deflection NN 12299 1898 25 in in IN 12299 1898 26 the the DT 12299 1898 27 case case NN 12299 1898 28 of of IN 12299 1898 29 all all DT 12299 1898 30 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1898 31 of of IN 12299 1898 32 a a DT 12299 1898 33 species species NN 12299 1898 34 ; ; : 12299 1898 35 for for IN 12299 1898 36 all all DT 12299 1898 37 other other JJ 12299 1898 38 species specie NNS 12299 1898 39 a a DT 12299 1898 40 100-pound 100-pound CD 12299 1898 41 hammer hammer NN 12299 1898 42 is be VBZ 12299 1898 43 used use VBN 12299 1898 44 . . . 12299 1899 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1899 2 Results Results NNP 12299 1899 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1899 4 : : : 12299 1899 5 The the DT 12299 1899 6 tracing tracing NN 12299 1899 7 on on IN 12299 1899 8 the the DT 12299 1899 9 drum drum NN 12299 1899 10 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1899 11 see see VB 12299 1899 12 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1899 13 . . . 12299 1900 1 41 41 CD 12299 1900 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1900 3 represents represent VBZ 12299 1900 4 the the DT 12299 1900 5 actual actual JJ 12299 1900 6 deflection deflection NN 12299 1900 7 of of IN 12299 1900 8 the the DT 12299 1900 9 stick stick NN 12299 1900 10 and and CC 12299 1900 11 the the DT 12299 1900 12 subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 1900 13 rebounds rebound NNS 12299 1900 14 for for IN 12299 1900 15 each each DT 12299 1900 16 drop drop NN 12299 1900 17 . . . 12299 1901 1 The the DT 12299 1901 2 distance distance NN 12299 1901 3 from from IN 12299 1901 4 the the DT 12299 1901 5 lowest low JJS 12299 1901 6 point point NN 12299 1901 7 in in IN 12299 1901 8 each each DT 12299 1901 9 case case NN 12299 1901 10 to to IN 12299 1901 11 the the DT 12299 1901 12 datum datum NN 12299 1901 13 line line NN 12299 1901 14 is be VBZ 12299 1901 15 measured measure VBN 12299 1901 16 and and CC 12299 1901 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1901 18 square square NN 12299 1901 19 in in IN 12299 1901 20 tenths tenth NNS 12299 1901 21 of of IN 12299 1901 22 a a DT 12299 1901 23 square square JJ 12299 1901 24 inch inch NN 12299 1901 25 entered enter VBN 12299 1901 26 as as IN 12299 1901 27 an an DT 12299 1901 28 abscissa abscissa NN 12299 1901 29 on on IN 12299 1901 30 cross cross JJ 12299 1901 31 - - JJ 12299 1901 32 section section NN 12299 1901 33 paper paper NN 12299 1901 34 , , , 12299 1901 35 with with IN 12299 1901 36 the the DT 12299 1901 37 height height NN 12299 1901 38 of of IN 12299 1901 39 drop drop NN 12299 1901 40 in in IN 12299 1901 41 inches inch NNS 12299 1901 42 as as IN 12299 1901 43 the the DT 12299 1901 44 ordinate ordinate NN 12299 1901 45 . . . 12299 1902 1 The the DT 12299 1902 2 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1902 3 limit limit NN 12299 1902 4 is be VBZ 12299 1902 5 that that DT 12299 1902 6 point point NN 12299 1902 7 on on IN 12299 1902 8 the the DT 12299 1902 9 diagram diagram NN 12299 1902 10 where where WRB 12299 1902 11 the the DT 12299 1902 12 square square NN 12299 1902 13 of of IN 12299 1902 14 the the DT 12299 1902 15 deflection deflection NN 12299 1902 16 begins begin VBZ 12299 1902 17 to to TO 12299 1902 18 increase increase VB 12299 1902 19 more more RBR 12299 1902 20 rapidly rapidly RB 12299 1902 21 than than IN 12299 1902 22 the the DT 12299 1902 23 height height NN 12299 1902 24 of of IN 12299 1902 25 drop drop NNP 12299 1902 26 . . . 12299 1903 1 The the DT 12299 1903 2 difference difference NN 12299 1903 3 between between IN 12299 1903 4 the the DT 12299 1903 5 datum datum NN 12299 1903 6 line line NN 12299 1903 7 and and CC 12299 1903 8 the the DT 12299 1903 9 final final JJ 12299 1903 10 resting resting NN 12299 1903 11 point point NN 12299 1903 12 after after IN 12299 1903 13 each each DT 12299 1903 14 drop drop NN 12299 1903 15 represents represent VBZ 12299 1903 16 the the DT 12299 1903 17 set set NN 12299 1903 18 the the DT 12299 1903 19 material material NN 12299 1903 20 has have VBZ 12299 1903 21 received receive VBN 12299 1903 22 . . . 12299 1904 1 The the DT 12299 1904 2 formulà formulà NNP 12299 1904 3 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 1904 4 used use VBN 12299 1904 5 in in IN 12299 1904 6 calculating calculate VBG 12299 1904 7 the the DT 12299 1904 8 results result NNS 12299 1904 9 of of IN 12299 1904 10 impact impact NN 12299 1904 11 tests test NNS 12299 1904 12 in in IN 12299 1904 13 bending bend VBG 12299 1904 14 when when WRB 12299 1904 15 the the DT 12299 1904 16 load load NN 12299 1904 17 is be VBZ 12299 1904 18 applied apply VBN 12299 1904 19 at at IN 12299 1904 20 the the DT 12299 1904 21 centre centre NN 12299 1904 22 up up RP 12299 1904 23 to to IN 12299 1904 24 the the DT 12299 1904 25 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1904 26 limit limit NN 12299 1904 27 are be VBP 12299 1904 28 as as IN 12299 1904 29 follows follow VBZ 12299 1904 30 : : : 12299 1904 31 3 3 CD 12299 1904 32 W w NN 12299 1904 33 H h NN 12299 1904 34 l l NN 12299 1904 35 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1904 36 1 1 CD 12299 1904 37 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1904 38 r r NN 12299 1904 39 = = NFP 12299 1904 40 ----------- ----------- NFP 12299 1904 41 D d NN 12299 1904 42 b b NN 12299 1904 43 h^{2 h^{2 NNP 12299 1904 44 } } -RRB- 12299 1904 45 F F NNP 12299 1904 46 S S NNP 12299 1904 47 l^{2 l^{2 NNP 12299 1904 48 } } -RRB- 12299 1904 49 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1904 50 2 2 LS 12299 1904 51 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1904 52 E e NN 12299 1904 53 = = NNS 12299 1904 54 ----------- ----------- NFP 12299 1904 55 6 6 CD 12299 1904 56 D d NN 12299 1904 57 h h NN 12299 1904 58 W w NN 12299 1904 59 H h NN 12299 1904 60 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1904 61 3 3 LS 12299 1904 62 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1904 63 S s NN 12299 1904 64 = = NFP 12299 1904 65 ------- ------- NFP 12299 1904 66 l l NN 12299 1904 67 b b NN 12299 1904 68 h h NN 12299 1904 69 H h NN 12299 1904 70 = = SYM 12299 1904 71 height height NN 12299 1904 72 of of IN 12299 1904 73 drop drop NN 12299 1904 74 of of IN 12299 1904 75 hammer hammer NNP 12299 1904 76 , , , 12299 1904 77 including include VBG 12299 1904 78 deflection deflection NN 12299 1904 79 , , , 12299 1904 80 inches inch NNS 12299 1904 81 . . . 12299 1905 1 S S NNP 12299 1905 2 = = SYM 12299 1905 3 modulus modulus NN 12299 1905 4 of of IN 12299 1905 5 elastic elastic JJ 12299 1905 6 resilience resilience NN 12299 1905 7 , , , 12299 1905 8 inch inch NN 12299 1905 9 - - HYPH 12299 1905 10 pounds pound NNS 12299 1905 11 per per IN 12299 1905 12 cubic cubic JJ 12299 1905 13 inch inch NN 12299 1905 14 . . . 12299 1906 1 W w NN 12299 1906 2 = = SYM 12299 1906 3 weight weight NN 12299 1906 4 of of IN 12299 1906 5 hammer hammer NN 12299 1906 6 , , , 12299 1906 7 pounds pound NNS 12299 1906 8 . . . 12299 1907 1 Remainder remainder NN 12299 1907 2 of of IN 12299 1907 3 legend legend NN 12299 1907 4 as as IN 12299 1907 5 in in IN 12299 1907 6 BENDING bend VBG 12299 1907 7 LARGE LARGE NNP 12299 1907 8 BEAMS beam NNS 12299 1907 9 , , , 12299 1907 10 above above RB 12299 1907 11 . . . 12299 1908 1 HARDNESS hardness NN 12299 1908 2 TEST test NN 12299 1908 3 : : : 12299 1908 4 ABRASION abrasion NN 12299 1908 5 AND and CC 12299 1908 6 INDENTATION INDENTATION NNP 12299 1908 7 _ _ NNP 12299 1908 8 Abrasion Abrasion NNP 12299 1908 9 _ _ NNP 12299 1908 10 : : : 12299 1908 11 The the DT 12299 1908 12 machine machine NN 12299 1908 13 used use VBN 12299 1908 14 by by IN 12299 1908 15 the the DT 12299 1908 16 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1908 17 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1908 18 Service Service NNP 12299 1908 19 is be VBZ 12299 1908 20 a a DT 12299 1908 21 modified modify VBN 12299 1908 22 form form NN 12299 1908 23 of of IN 12299 1908 24 the the DT 12299 1908 25 Dorry Dorry NNP 12299 1908 26 abrasion abrasion NN 12299 1908 27 machine machine NN 12299 1908 28 . . . 12299 1909 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1909 2 See see VB 12299 1909 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1909 4 . . . 12299 1910 1 42 42 CD 12299 1910 2 . . . 12299 1910 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1911 1 Upon upon IN 12299 1911 2 the the DT 12299 1911 3 revolving revolving JJ 12299 1911 4 horizontal horizontal JJ 12299 1911 5 disk disk NN 12299 1911 6 is be VBZ 12299 1911 7 glued glue VBN 12299 1911 8 a a DT 12299 1911 9 commercial commercial JJ 12299 1911 10 sandpaper sandpaper NN 12299 1911 11 , , , 12299 1911 12 known know VBN 12299 1911 13 as as IN 12299 1911 14 garnet garnet NN 12299 1911 15 paper paper NN 12299 1911 16 , , , 12299 1911 17 which which WDT 12299 1911 18 is be VBZ 12299 1911 19 commonly commonly RB 12299 1911 20 employed employ VBN 12299 1911 21 in in IN 12299 1911 22 factories factory NNS 12299 1911 23 in in IN 12299 1911 24 finishing finish VBG 12299 1911 25 wood wood NN 12299 1911 26 . . . 12299 1912 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1912 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1912 3 : : : 12299 1912 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1912 5 . . . 12299 1913 1 42.--Abrasion 42.--abrasion CD 12299 1913 2 machine machine NN 12299 1913 3 for for IN 12299 1913 4 testing test VBG 12299 1913 5 the the DT 12299 1913 6 wearing wear VBG 12299 1913 7 qualities quality NNS 12299 1913 8 of of IN 12299 1913 9 woods wood NNS 12299 1913 10 . . . 12299 1913 11 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1914 1 A a DT 12299 1914 2 small small JJ 12299 1914 3 block block NN 12299 1914 4 of of IN 12299 1914 5 the the DT 12299 1914 6 wood wood NN 12299 1914 7 to to TO 12299 1914 8 be be VB 12299 1914 9 tested test VBN 12299 1914 10 is be VBZ 12299 1914 11 fixed fix VBN 12299 1914 12 in in IN 12299 1914 13 one one CD 12299 1914 14 clamp clamp NN 12299 1914 15 and and CC 12299 1914 16 a a DT 12299 1914 17 similar similar JJ 12299 1914 18 block block NN 12299 1914 19 of of IN 12299 1914 20 some some DT 12299 1914 21 wood wood NN 12299 1914 22 chosen choose VBN 12299 1914 23 as as IN 12299 1914 24 a a DT 12299 1914 25 standard standard NN 12299 1914 26 , , , 12299 1914 27 as as IN 12299 1914 28 sugar sugar NN 12299 1914 29 maple maple NNP 12299 1914 30 , , , 12299 1914 31 at at IN 12299 1914 32 10 10 CD 12299 1914 33 per per NN 12299 1914 34 cent cent NN 12299 1914 35 moisture moisture NN 12299 1914 36 , , , 12299 1914 37 in in IN 12299 1914 38 the the DT 12299 1914 39 opposite opposite NN 12299 1914 40 , , , 12299 1914 41 and and CC 12299 1914 42 held hold VBN 12299 1914 43 against against IN 12299 1914 44 the the DT 12299 1914 45 same same JJ 12299 1914 46 zone zone NN 12299 1914 47 of of IN 12299 1914 48 sandpaper sandpaper NN 12299 1914 49 by by IN 12299 1914 50 a a DT 12299 1914 51 weight weight NN 12299 1914 52 of of IN 12299 1914 53 26 26 CD 12299 1914 54 pounds pound NNS 12299 1914 55 each each DT 12299 1914 56 . . . 12299 1915 1 The the DT 12299 1915 2 size size NN 12299 1915 3 of of IN 12299 1915 4 the the DT 12299 1915 5 section section NN 12299 1915 6 under under IN 12299 1915 7 abrasion abrasion NN 12299 1915 8 for for IN 12299 1915 9 each each DT 12299 1915 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1915 11 is be VBZ 12299 1915 12 2 2 CD 12299 1915 13 " " `` 12299 1915 14 X x NN 12299 1915 15 2 2 CD 12299 1915 16 " " '' 12299 1915 17 . . . 12299 1916 1 The the DT 12299 1916 2 conditions condition NNS 12299 1916 3 for for IN 12299 1916 4 wear wear NN 12299 1916 5 are be VBP 12299 1916 6 the the DT 12299 1916 7 same same JJ 12299 1916 8 for for IN 12299 1916 9 both both DT 12299 1916 10 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1916 11 . . . 12299 1917 1 The the DT 12299 1917 2 speed speed NN 12299 1917 3 of of IN 12299 1917 4 rotation rotation NN 12299 1917 5 is be VBZ 12299 1917 6 68 68 CD 12299 1917 7 revolutions revolution NNS 12299 1917 8 a a DT 12299 1917 9 minute minute NN 12299 1917 10 . . . 12299 1918 1 The the DT 12299 1918 2 test test NN 12299 1918 3 is be VBZ 12299 1918 4 continued continue VBN 12299 1918 5 until until IN 12299 1918 6 the the DT 12299 1918 7 standard standard JJ 12299 1918 8 specimen specimen NNP 12299 1918 9 is be VBZ 12299 1918 10 worn wear VBN 12299 1918 11 a a DT 12299 1918 12 specified specify VBN 12299 1918 13 amount amount NN 12299 1918 14 , , , 12299 1918 15 which which WDT 12299 1918 16 varies vary VBZ 12299 1918 17 with with IN 12299 1918 18 the the DT 12299 1918 19 kind kind NN 12299 1918 20 of of IN 12299 1918 21 wood wood NN 12299 1918 22 under under IN 12299 1918 23 test test NN 12299 1918 24 . . . 12299 1919 1 A a DT 12299 1919 2 comparison comparison NN 12299 1919 3 of of IN 12299 1919 4 the the DT 12299 1919 5 wear wear NN 12299 1919 6 of of IN 12299 1919 7 the the DT 12299 1919 8 two two CD 12299 1919 9 blocks block NNS 12299 1919 10 affords afford VBZ 12299 1919 11 a a DT 12299 1919 12 fair fair JJ 12299 1919 13 idea idea NN 12299 1919 14 of of IN 12299 1919 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1919 16 relative relative JJ 12299 1919 17 resistance resistance NN 12299 1919 18 to to IN 12299 1919 19 abrasion abrasion NN 12299 1919 20 . . . 12299 1920 1 Another another DT 12299 1920 2 method method NN 12299 1920 3 makes make VBZ 12299 1920 4 use use NN 12299 1920 5 of of IN 12299 1920 6 a a DT 12299 1920 7 sand sand NN 12299 1920 8 blast blast NN 12299 1920 9 to to TO 12299 1920 10 abrade abrade VB 12299 1920 11 the the DT 12299 1920 12 woods wood NNS 12299 1920 13 and and CC 12299 1920 14 is be VBZ 12299 1920 15 the the DT 12299 1920 16 one one CD 12299 1920 17 employed employ VBN 12299 1920 18 in in IN 12299 1920 19 New New NNP 12299 1920 20 South South NNP 12299 1920 21 Wales Wales NNP 12299 1920 22 . . . 12299 1921 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1921 2 60 60 CD 12299 1921 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1921 4 The the DT 12299 1921 5 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1921 6 consists consist VBZ 12299 1921 7 essentially essentially RB 12299 1921 8 of of IN 12299 1921 9 a a DT 12299 1921 10 nozzle nozzle NN 12299 1921 11 through through IN 12299 1921 12 which which WDT 12299 1921 13 sand sand NN 12299 1921 14 can can MD 12299 1921 15 be be VB 12299 1921 16 propelled propel VBN 12299 1921 17 at at IN 12299 1921 18 a a DT 12299 1921 19 high high JJ 12299 1921 20 velocity velocity NN 12299 1921 21 against against IN 12299 1921 22 the the DT 12299 1921 23 test test NN 12299 1921 24 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1921 25 by by IN 12299 1921 26 means mean NNS 12299 1921 27 of of IN 12299 1921 28 a a DT 12299 1921 29 steam steam NN 12299 1921 30 jet jet NN 12299 1921 31 . . . 12299 1922 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1922 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1922 3 60 60 CD 12299 1922 4 : : : 12299 1922 5 See See NNP 12299 1922 6 Warren Warren NNP 12299 1922 7 , , , 12299 1922 8 W.H. W.H. NNP 12299 1923 1 : : : 12299 1923 2 The the DT 12299 1923 3 strength strength NN 12299 1923 4 , , , 12299 1923 5 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 1923 6 , , , 12299 1923 7 and and CC 12299 1923 8 other other JJ 12299 1923 9 properties property NNS 12299 1923 10 of of IN 12299 1923 11 New New NNP 12299 1923 12 South South NNP 12299 1923 13 Wales Wales NNP 12299 1923 14 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 1923 15 timbers timber NNS 12299 1923 16 . . . 12299 1924 1 Dept dept VB 12299 1924 2 . . . 12299 1925 1 For for IN 12299 1925 2 . . . 12299 1925 3 , , , 12299 1925 4 N.S.W. N.S.W. NNP 12299 1925 5 , , , 12299 1925 6 Sydney Sydney NNP 12299 1925 7 , , , 12299 1925 8 1911 1911 CD 12299 1925 9 , , , 12299 1925 10 pp pp NNP 12299 1925 11 . . . 12299 1926 1 88 88 CD 12299 1926 2 - - SYM 12299 1926 3 95 95 CD 12299 1926 4 . . . 12299 1926 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1927 1 The the DT 12299 1927 2 wood wood NN 12299 1927 3 to to TO 12299 1927 4 be be VB 12299 1927 5 tested test VBN 12299 1927 6 is be VBZ 12299 1927 7 cut cut VBN 12299 1927 8 into into IN 12299 1927 9 blocks blocks NNP 12299 1927 10 3 3 CD 12299 1927 11 " " `` 12299 1927 12 X x NN 12299 1927 13 3 3 CD 12299 1927 14 " " '' 12299 1927 15 X x NN 12299 1927 16 1 1 CD 12299 1927 17 ' ' '' 12299 1927 18 , , , 12299 1927 19 and and CC 12299 1927 20 these these DT 12299 1927 21 are be VBP 12299 1927 22 weighed weigh VBN 12299 1927 23 to to IN 12299 1927 24 the the DT 12299 1927 25 nearest near JJS 12299 1927 26 grain grain NN 12299 1927 27 just just RB 12299 1927 28 before before IN 12299 1927 29 placing place VBG 12299 1927 30 in in IN 12299 1927 31 the the DT 12299 1927 32 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1927 33 . . . 12299 1928 1 Steam steam NN 12299 1928 2 from from IN 12299 1928 3 the the DT 12299 1928 4 boiler boiler NN 12299 1928 5 at at IN 12299 1928 6 a a DT 12299 1928 7 pressure pressure NN 12299 1928 8 of of IN 12299 1928 9 about about IN 12299 1928 10 43 43 CD 12299 1928 11 pounds pound NNS 12299 1928 12 per per IN 12299 1928 13 square square JJ 12299 1928 14 inch inch NN 12299 1928 15 is be VBZ 12299 1928 16 ejected eject VBN 12299 1928 17 from from IN 12299 1928 18 a a DT 12299 1928 19 nozzle nozzle NN 12299 1928 20 in in IN 12299 1928 21 such such PDT 12299 1928 22 a a DT 12299 1928 23 way way NN 12299 1928 24 that that WDT 12299 1928 25 particles particle NNS 12299 1928 26 of of IN 12299 1928 27 fine fine JJ 12299 1928 28 quartz quartz NN 12299 1928 29 sand sand NN 12299 1928 30 are be VBP 12299 1928 31 caught catch VBN 12299 1928 32 up up IN 12299 1928 33 and and CC 12299 1928 34 thrown throw VBN 12299 1928 35 violently violently RB 12299 1928 36 against against IN 12299 1928 37 the the DT 12299 1928 38 block block NN 12299 1928 39 which which WDT 12299 1928 40 is be VBZ 12299 1928 41 being be VBG 12299 1928 42 rotated rotate VBN 12299 1928 43 . . . 12299 1929 1 Only only RB 12299 1929 2 superheated superheate VBN 12299 1929 3 steam steam NN 12299 1929 4 strikes strike VBZ 12299 1929 5 the the DT 12299 1929 6 block block NN 12299 1929 7 , , , 12299 1929 8 thus thus RB 12299 1929 9 leaving leave VBG 12299 1929 10 the the DT 12299 1929 11 wood wood NN 12299 1929 12 dry dry JJ 12299 1929 13 . . . 12299 1930 1 The the DT 12299 1930 2 test test NN 12299 1930 3 is be VBZ 12299 1930 4 continued continue VBN 12299 1930 5 for for IN 12299 1930 6 two two CD 12299 1930 7 minutes minute NNS 12299 1930 8 , , , 12299 1930 9 after after IN 12299 1930 10 which which WDT 12299 1930 11 the the DT 12299 1930 12 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1930 13 is be VBZ 12299 1930 14 removed remove VBN 12299 1930 15 and and CC 12299 1930 16 immediately immediately RB 12299 1930 17 weighed weigh VBD 12299 1930 18 . . . 12299 1931 1 By by IN 12299 1931 2 comparison comparison NN 12299 1931 3 with with IN 12299 1931 4 the the DT 12299 1931 5 original original JJ 12299 1931 6 weight weight NN 12299 1931 7 the the DT 12299 1931 8 loss loss NN 12299 1931 9 from from IN 12299 1931 10 abrasion abrasion NN 12299 1931 11 is be VBZ 12299 1931 12 determined determine VBN 12299 1931 13 , , , 12299 1931 14 and and CC 12299 1931 15 by by IN 12299 1931 16 comparison comparison NN 12299 1931 17 with with IN 12299 1931 18 a a DT 12299 1931 19 certain certain JJ 12299 1931 20 wood wood NN 12299 1931 21 chosen choose VBN 12299 1931 22 as as IN 12299 1931 23 a a DT 12299 1931 24 standard standard NN 12299 1931 25 , , , 12299 1931 26 a a DT 12299 1931 27 coefficient coefficient NN 12299 1931 28 of of IN 12299 1931 29 wear wear NN 12299 1931 30 - - HYPH 12299 1931 31 resistance resistance NN 12299 1931 32 can can MD 12299 1931 33 be be VB 12299 1931 34 obtained obtain VBN 12299 1931 35 . . . 12299 1932 1 The the DT 12299 1932 2 amount amount NN 12299 1932 3 of of IN 12299 1932 4 wear wear NN 12299 1932 5 will will MD 12299 1932 6 vary vary VB 12299 1932 7 more more RBR 12299 1932 8 or or CC 12299 1932 9 less less RBR 12299 1932 10 according accord VBG 12299 1932 11 to to IN 12299 1932 12 the the DT 12299 1932 13 surface surface NN 12299 1932 14 exposed expose VBN 12299 1932 15 , , , 12299 1932 16 and and CC 12299 1932 17 in in IN 12299 1932 18 these these DT 12299 1932 19 tests test NNS 12299 1932 20 quarter quarter NN 12299 1932 21 - - HYPH 12299 1932 22 sawed saw VBN 12299 1932 23 material material NN 12299 1932 24 was be VBD 12299 1932 25 used use VBN 12299 1932 26 with with IN 12299 1932 27 the the DT 12299 1932 28 edge edge NN 12299 1932 29 grain grain NN 12299 1932 30 to to IN 12299 1932 31 the the DT 12299 1932 32 blast blast NN 12299 1932 33 . . . 12299 1933 1 _ _ NNP 12299 1933 2 Indentation Indentation NNP 12299 1933 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1933 4 : : : 12299 1933 5 The the DT 12299 1933 6 tool tool NN 12299 1933 7 used use VBN 12299 1933 8 for for IN 12299 1933 9 this this DT 12299 1933 10 test test NN 12299 1933 11 consists consist VBZ 12299 1933 12 of of IN 12299 1933 13 a a DT 12299 1933 14 punch punch NN 12299 1933 15 with with IN 12299 1933 16 a a DT 12299 1933 17 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 12299 1933 18 end end NN 12299 1933 19 or or CC 12299 1933 20 steel steel NN 12299 1933 21 ball ball NN 12299 1933 22 having have VBG 12299 1933 23 a a DT 12299 1933 24 diameter diameter NN 12299 1933 25 of of IN 12299 1933 26 0.444 0.444 CD 12299 1933 27 inch inch NN 12299 1933 28 , , , 12299 1933 29 giving give VBG 12299 1933 30 a a DT 12299 1933 31 surface surface NN 12299 1933 32 area area NN 12299 1933 33 of of IN 12299 1933 34 one one CD 12299 1933 35 - - HYPH 12299 1933 36 fourth fourth NN 12299 1933 37 square square JJ 12299 1933 38 inch inch NN 12299 1933 39 . . . 12299 1934 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 1934 2 is be VBZ 12299 1934 3 fitted fit VBN 12299 1934 4 with with IN 12299 1934 5 a a DT 12299 1934 6 guard guard NN 12299 1934 7 plate plate NN 12299 1934 8 , , , 12299 1934 9 which which WDT 12299 1934 10 works work VBZ 12299 1934 11 loosely loosely RB 12299 1934 12 until until IN 12299 1934 13 the the DT 12299 1934 14 penetration penetration NN 12299 1934 15 has have VBZ 12299 1934 16 progressed progress VBN 12299 1934 17 to to IN 12299 1934 18 a a DT 12299 1934 19 depth depth NN 12299 1934 20 of of IN 12299 1934 21 0.222 0.222 CD 12299 1934 22 inch inch NN 12299 1934 23 , , , 12299 1934 24 whereupon whereupon IN 12299 1934 25 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1934 26 tightens tighten VBZ 12299 1934 27 . . . 12299 1935 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1935 2 See see VB 12299 1935 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1935 4 . . . 12299 1936 1 43 43 CD 12299 1936 2 . . . 12299 1936 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1937 1 The the DT 12299 1937 2 effect effect NN 12299 1937 3 is be VBZ 12299 1937 4 that that DT 12299 1937 5 of of IN 12299 1937 6 sinking sink VBG 12299 1937 7 a a DT 12299 1937 8 ball ball NN 12299 1937 9 half half PDT 12299 1937 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1937 11 diameter diameter NN 12299 1937 12 into into IN 12299 1937 13 the the DT 12299 1937 14 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1937 15 . . . 12299 1938 1 This this DT 12299 1938 2 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 1938 3 is be VBZ 12299 1938 4 fitted fit VBN 12299 1938 5 into into IN 12299 1938 6 the the DT 12299 1938 7 movable movable JJ 12299 1938 8 head head NN 12299 1938 9 of of IN 12299 1938 10 the the DT 12299 1938 11 static static JJ 12299 1938 12 testing testing NN 12299 1938 13 machine machine NN 12299 1938 14 . . . 12299 1939 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1939 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1939 3 : : : 12299 1939 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1939 5 . . . 12299 1940 1 43.--Design 43.--design CD 12299 1940 2 of of IN 12299 1940 3 tool tool NN 12299 1940 4 for for IN 12299 1940 5 testing test VBG 12299 1940 6 the the DT 12299 1940 7 hardness hardness NN 12299 1940 8 of of IN 12299 1940 9 woods wood NNS 12299 1940 10 by by IN 12299 1940 11 indentation indentation NN 12299 1940 12 . . . 12299 1940 13 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1941 1 The the DT 12299 1941 2 wood wood NN 12299 1941 3 to to TO 12299 1941 4 be be VB 12299 1941 5 tested test VBN 12299 1941 6 is be VBZ 12299 1941 7 cut cut VBN 12299 1941 8 square square JJ 12299 1941 9 with with IN 12299 1941 10 the the DT 12299 1941 11 grain grain NN 12299 1941 12 into into IN 12299 1941 13 rectangular rectangular JJ 12299 1941 14 blocks block NNS 12299 1941 15 measuring measure VBG 12299 1941 16 2 2 CD 12299 1941 17 " " `` 12299 1941 18 X x NN 12299 1941 19 2 2 CD 12299 1941 20 " " '' 12299 1941 21 X x NN 12299 1941 22 6 6 CD 12299 1941 23 " " '' 12299 1941 24 . . . 12299 1942 1 A a DT 12299 1942 2 block block NN 12299 1942 3 is be VBZ 12299 1942 4 placed place VBN 12299 1942 5 on on IN 12299 1942 6 the the DT 12299 1942 7 platform platform NN 12299 1942 8 and and CC 12299 1942 9 the the DT 12299 1942 10 end end NN 12299 1942 11 of of IN 12299 1942 12 the the DT 12299 1942 13 punch punch NN 12299 1942 14 forced force VBN 12299 1942 15 into into IN 12299 1942 16 the the DT 12299 1942 17 wood wood NN 12299 1942 18 at at IN 12299 1942 19 the the DT 12299 1942 20 rate rate NN 12299 1942 21 of of IN 12299 1942 22 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 1942 23 inch inch NN 12299 1942 24 per per IN 12299 1942 25 minute minute NN 12299 1942 26 . . . 12299 1943 1 The the DT 12299 1943 2 operator operator NN 12299 1943 3 keeps keep VBZ 12299 1943 4 moving move VBG 12299 1943 5 the the DT 12299 1943 6 small small JJ 12299 1943 7 handle handle NN 12299 1943 8 of of IN 12299 1943 9 the the DT 12299 1943 10 guard guard NN 12299 1943 11 plate plate NN 12299 1943 12 back back RB 12299 1943 13 and and CC 12299 1943 14 forth forth RB 12299 1943 15 until until IN 12299 1943 16 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1943 17 tightens tighten VBZ 12299 1943 18 . . . 12299 1944 1 At at IN 12299 1944 2 this this DT 12299 1944 3 instant instant NN 12299 1944 4 the the DT 12299 1944 5 load load NN 12299 1944 6 is be VBZ 12299 1944 7 read read VBN 12299 1944 8 and and CC 12299 1944 9 recorded record VBN 12299 1944 10 . . . 12299 1945 1 Two two CD 12299 1945 2 penetrations penetration NNS 12299 1945 3 each each DT 12299 1945 4 are be VBP 12299 1945 5 made make VBN 12299 1945 6 on on IN 12299 1945 7 the the DT 12299 1945 8 tangential tangential JJ 12299 1945 9 and and CC 12299 1945 10 radial radial JJ 12299 1945 11 surfaces surface NNS 12299 1945 12 , , , 12299 1945 13 and and CC 12299 1945 14 one one CD 12299 1945 15 on on IN 12299 1945 16 each each DT 12299 1945 17 end end NN 12299 1945 18 of of IN 12299 1945 19 every every DT 12299 1945 20 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1945 21 tested test VBN 12299 1945 22 . . . 12299 1946 1 In in IN 12299 1946 2 choosing choose VBG 12299 1946 3 the the DT 12299 1946 4 places place NNS 12299 1946 5 on on IN 12299 1946 6 the the DT 12299 1946 7 block block NN 12299 1946 8 for for IN 12299 1946 9 the the DT 12299 1946 10 indentations indentation NNS 12299 1946 11 , , , 12299 1946 12 effort effort NN 12299 1946 13 should should MD 12299 1946 14 be be VB 12299 1946 15 made make VBN 12299 1946 16 to to TO 12299 1946 17 get get VB 12299 1946 18 a a DT 12299 1946 19 fair fair JJ 12299 1946 20 average average NN 12299 1946 21 of of IN 12299 1946 22 heartwood heartwood NN 12299 1946 23 and and CC 12299 1946 24 sapwood sapwood NNP 12299 1946 25 , , , 12299 1946 26 fine fine JJ 12299 1946 27 and and CC 12299 1946 28 coarse coarse JJ 12299 1946 29 grain grain NN 12299 1946 30 , , , 12299 1946 31 early early JJ 12299 1946 32 and and CC 12299 1946 33 late late JJ 12299 1946 34 wood wood NN 12299 1946 35 . . . 12299 1947 1 Another another DT 12299 1947 2 method method NN 12299 1947 3 of of IN 12299 1947 4 testing testing NN 12299 1947 5 by by IN 12299 1947 6 indentation indentation NN 12299 1947 7 involves involve VBZ 12299 1947 8 the the DT 12299 1947 9 use use NN 12299 1947 10 of of IN 12299 1947 11 a a DT 12299 1947 12 right right RB 12299 1947 13 - - HYPH 12299 1947 14 angled angle VBN 12299 1947 15 cone cone NN 12299 1947 16 instead instead RB 12299 1947 17 of of IN 12299 1947 18 a a DT 12299 1947 19 ball ball NN 12299 1947 20 . . . 12299 1948 1 For for IN 12299 1948 2 details detail NNS 12299 1948 3 of of IN 12299 1948 4 this this DT 12299 1948 5 test test NN 12299 1948 6 as as IN 12299 1948 7 used use VBN 12299 1948 8 in in IN 12299 1948 9 New New NNP 12299 1948 10 South South NNP 12299 1948 11 Wales Wales NNP 12299 1948 12 see see VBP 12299 1948 13 _ _ NNP 12299 1948 14 loc loc NN 12299 1948 15 . . . 12299 1949 1 cit cit NNP 12299 1949 2 . . . 12299 1949 3 _ _ NNP 12299 1949 4 , , , 12299 1949 5 pp pp NNP 12299 1949 6 . . . 12299 1950 1 86 86 CD 12299 1950 2 - - SYM 12299 1950 3 87 87 CD 12299 1950 4 . . . 12299 1951 1 CLEAVAGE cleavage VB 12299 1951 2 TEST test NN 12299 1951 3 A a DT 12299 1951 4 static static JJ 12299 1951 5 testing testing NN 12299 1951 6 machine machine NN 12299 1951 7 and and CC 12299 1951 8 a a DT 12299 1951 9 special special JJ 12299 1951 10 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 1951 11 testing testing NN 12299 1951 12 device device NN 12299 1951 13 are be VBP 12299 1951 14 required require VBN 12299 1951 15 . . . 12299 1952 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1952 2 See see VB 12299 1952 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1952 4 . . . 12299 1953 1 44 44 CD 12299 1953 2 . . . 12299 1953 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1954 1 The the DT 12299 1954 2 latter latter JJ 12299 1954 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 1954 4 essentially essentially RB 12299 1954 5 of of IN 12299 1954 6 two two CD 12299 1954 7 hooks hook NNS 12299 1954 8 , , , 12299 1954 9 one one CD 12299 1954 10 of of IN 12299 1954 11 which which WDT 12299 1954 12 is be VBZ 12299 1954 13 suspended suspend VBN 12299 1954 14 from from IN 12299 1954 15 the the DT 12299 1954 16 centre centre NN 12299 1954 17 of of IN 12299 1954 18 the the DT 12299 1954 19 top top NN 12299 1954 20 of of IN 12299 1954 21 the the DT 12299 1954 22 cage cage NN 12299 1954 23 , , , 12299 1954 24 the the DT 12299 1954 25 other other JJ 12299 1954 26 extended extend VBD 12299 1954 27 above above IN 12299 1954 28 the the DT 12299 1954 29 movable movable JJ 12299 1954 30 head head NN 12299 1954 31 . . . 12299 1955 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1955 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1955 3 : : : 12299 1955 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1955 5 . . . 12299 1956 1 44.--Design 44.--design CD 12299 1956 2 of of IN 12299 1956 3 tool tool NN 12299 1956 4 for for IN 12299 1956 5 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 1956 6 test test NN 12299 1956 7 . . . 12299 1956 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1957 1 The the DT 12299 1957 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1957 3 are be VBP 12299 1957 4 2 2 CD 12299 1957 5 " " `` 12299 1957 6 X x NN 12299 1957 7 2 2 CD 12299 1957 8 " " '' 12299 1957 9 X x NN 12299 1957 10 3.75 3.75 CD 12299 1957 11 " " '' 12299 1957 12 . . . 12299 1958 1 At at IN 12299 1958 2 one one CD 12299 1958 3 end end NN 12299 1958 4 a a DT 12299 1958 5 one one CD 12299 1958 6 - - HYPH 12299 1958 7 inch inch NN 12299 1958 8 hole hole NN 12299 1958 9 is be VBZ 12299 1958 10 bored bored JJ 12299 1958 11 , , , 12299 1958 12 with with IN 12299 1958 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1958 14 centre centre NN 12299 1958 15 equidistant equidistant NN 12299 1958 16 from from IN 12299 1958 17 the the DT 12299 1958 18 two two CD 12299 1958 19 sides side NNS 12299 1958 20 and and CC 12299 1958 21 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 1958 22 inch inch NN 12299 1958 23 from from IN 12299 1958 24 the the DT 12299 1958 25 end end NN 12299 1958 26 . . . 12299 1959 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1959 2 See see VB 12299 1959 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1959 4 . . . 12299 1960 1 45 45 CD 12299 1960 2 . . . 12299 1960 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1961 1 This this DT 12299 1961 2 makes make VBZ 12299 1961 3 the the DT 12299 1961 4 cross cross NN 12299 1961 5 section section NN 12299 1961 6 to to TO 12299 1961 7 be be VB 12299 1961 8 tested test VBN 12299 1961 9 2 2 CD 12299 1961 10 " " `` 12299 1961 11 X x NN 12299 1961 12 3 3 CD 12299 1961 13 " " '' 12299 1961 14 . . . 12299 1962 1 Some some DT 12299 1962 2 of of IN 12299 1962 3 the the DT 12299 1962 4 blocks block NNS 12299 1962 5 are be VBP 12299 1962 6 cut cut VBN 12299 1962 7 radially radially NN 12299 1962 8 and and CC 12299 1962 9 some some DT 12299 1962 10 tangentially tangentially RB 12299 1962 11 , , , 12299 1962 12 as as IN 12299 1962 13 indicated indicate VBN 12299 1962 14 in in IN 12299 1962 15 the the DT 12299 1962 16 figure figure NN 12299 1962 17 . . . 12299 1963 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1963 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1963 3 : : : 12299 1963 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1963 5 . . . 12299 1964 1 45.--Design 45.--design CD 12299 1964 2 of of IN 12299 1964 3 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 1964 4 test test NN 12299 1964 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1964 6 . . . 12299 1964 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1965 1 The the DT 12299 1965 2 free free JJ 12299 1965 3 ends end NNS 12299 1965 4 of of IN 12299 1965 5 the the DT 12299 1965 6 hooks hook NNS 12299 1965 7 are be VBP 12299 1965 8 fitted fit VBN 12299 1965 9 into into IN 12299 1965 10 the the DT 12299 1965 11 notch notch NN 12299 1965 12 in in IN 12299 1965 13 the the DT 12299 1965 14 end end NN 12299 1965 15 of of IN 12299 1965 16 the the DT 12299 1965 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1965 18 . . . 12299 1966 1 The the DT 12299 1966 2 movable movable JJ 12299 1966 3 head head NN 12299 1966 4 of of IN 12299 1966 5 the the DT 12299 1966 6 machine machine NN 12299 1966 7 is be VBZ 12299 1966 8 then then RB 12299 1966 9 made make VBN 12299 1966 10 to to TO 12299 1966 11 descend descend VB 12299 1966 12 at at IN 12299 1966 13 the the DT 12299 1966 14 rate rate NN 12299 1966 15 of of IN 12299 1966 16 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 1966 17 inch inch NN 12299 1966 18 per per IN 12299 1966 19 minute minute NN 12299 1966 20 , , , 12299 1966 21 pulling pull VBG 12299 1966 22 apart apart RB 12299 1966 23 the the DT 12299 1966 24 hooks hook NNS 12299 1966 25 and and CC 12299 1966 26 splitting split VBG 12299 1966 27 the the DT 12299 1966 28 block block NN 12299 1966 29 . . . 12299 1967 1 The the DT 12299 1967 2 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1967 3 load load NN 12299 1967 4 only only RB 12299 1967 5 is be VBZ 12299 1967 6 taken take VBN 12299 1967 7 and and CC 12299 1967 8 the the DT 12299 1967 9 result result NN 12299 1967 10 expressed express VBN 12299 1967 11 in in IN 12299 1967 12 pounds pound NNS 12299 1967 13 per per IN 12299 1967 14 square square JJ 12299 1967 15 inch inch NN 12299 1967 16 of of IN 12299 1967 17 width width NN 12299 1967 18 . . . 12299 1968 1 A a DT 12299 1968 2 piece piece NN 12299 1968 3 one one CD 12299 1968 4 - - HYPH 12299 1968 5 half half NN 12299 1968 6 inch inch NN 12299 1968 7 thick thick JJ 12299 1968 8 is be VBZ 12299 1968 9 split split VBN 12299 1968 10 off off RP 12299 1968 11 parallel parallel NN 12299 1968 12 to to IN 12299 1968 13 the the DT 12299 1968 14 failure failure NN 12299 1968 15 and and CC 12299 1968 16 used use VBN 12299 1968 17 for for IN 12299 1968 18 moisture moisture NN 12299 1968 19 determination determination NN 12299 1968 20 . . . 12299 1969 1 TENSION tension NN 12299 1969 2 TEST test NN 12299 1969 3 PARALLEL parallel NN 12299 1969 4 TO to IN 12299 1969 5 THE the DT 12299 1969 6 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 12299 1969 7 Since since IN 12299 1969 8 the the DT 12299 1969 9 tensile tensile JJ 12299 1969 10 strength strength NN 12299 1969 11 of of IN 12299 1969 12 wood wood NN 12299 1969 13 parallel parallel NN 12299 1969 14 to to IN 12299 1969 15 the the DT 12299 1969 16 grain grain NN 12299 1969 17 is be VBZ 12299 1969 18 greater great JJR 12299 1969 19 than than IN 12299 1969 20 the the DT 12299 1969 21 compressive compressive JJ 12299 1969 22 strength strength NN 12299 1969 23 , , , 12299 1969 24 and and CC 12299 1969 25 exceedingly exceedingly RB 12299 1969 26 greater great JJR 12299 1969 27 than than IN 12299 1969 28 the the DT 12299 1969 29 shearing shearing NN 12299 1969 30 strength strength NN 12299 1969 31 , , , 12299 1969 32 it -PRON- PRP 12299 1969 33 is be VBZ 12299 1969 34 very very RB 12299 1969 35 difficult difficult JJ 12299 1969 36 to to TO 12299 1969 37 make make VB 12299 1969 38 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 12299 1969 39 tension tension NN 12299 1969 40 tests test NNS 12299 1969 41 , , , 12299 1969 42 as as IN 12299 1969 43 the the DT 12299 1969 44 head head NN 12299 1969 45 and and CC 12299 1969 46 shoulders shoulder NNS 12299 1969 47 of of IN 12299 1969 48 the the DT 12299 1969 49 test test NN 12299 1969 50 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1969 51 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1969 52 which which WDT 12299 1969 53 is be VBZ 12299 1969 54 subjected subject VBN 12299 1969 55 to to IN 12299 1969 56 both both DT 12299 1969 57 compression compression NN 12299 1969 58 and and CC 12299 1969 59 shear shear NN 12299 1969 60 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1969 61 must must MD 12299 1969 62 be be VB 12299 1969 63 stronger strong JJR 12299 1969 64 than than IN 12299 1969 65 the the DT 12299 1969 66 portion portion NN 12299 1969 67 subjected subject VBN 12299 1969 68 to to IN 12299 1969 69 a a DT 12299 1969 70 pure pure JJ 12299 1969 71 tensile tensile JJ 12299 1969 72 stress stress NN 12299 1969 73 . . . 12299 1970 1 Various various JJ 12299 1970 2 designs design NNS 12299 1970 3 of of IN 12299 1970 4 test test NN 12299 1970 5 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1970 6 have have VBP 12299 1970 7 been be VBN 12299 1970 8 made make VBN 12299 1970 9 . . . 12299 1971 1 The the DT 12299 1971 2 one one CD 12299 1971 3 first first RB 12299 1971 4 employed employ VBN 12299 1971 5 by by IN 12299 1971 6 the the DT 12299 1971 7 Division Division NNP 12299 1971 8 of of IN 12299 1971 9 Forestry[61 Forestry[61 NNP 12299 1971 10 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1971 11 was be VBD 12299 1971 12 prepared prepare VBN 12299 1971 13 as as IN 12299 1971 14 follows follow VBZ 12299 1971 15 : : : 12299 1971 16 Sticks stick NNS 12299 1971 17 were be VBD 12299 1971 18 cut cut VBN 12299 1971 19 measuring measure VBG 12299 1971 20 1.5 1.5 CD 12299 1971 21 " " `` 12299 1971 22 X X NNP 12299 1971 23 2.5 2.5 CD 12299 1971 24 " " '' 12299 1971 25 X x NN 12299 1971 26 16 16 CD 12299 1971 27 " " '' 12299 1971 28 . . . 12299 1972 1 The the DT 12299 1972 2 thickness thickness NN 12299 1972 3 at at IN 12299 1972 4 the the DT 12299 1972 5 centre centre NN 12299 1972 6 was be VBD 12299 1972 7 then then RB 12299 1972 8 reduced reduce VBN 12299 1972 9 to to IN 12299 1972 10 three three CD 12299 1972 11 - - HYPH 12299 1972 12 eighths eighth NNS 12299 1972 13 of of IN 12299 1972 14 an an DT 12299 1972 15 inch inch NN 12299 1972 16 by by IN 12299 1972 17 cutting cut VBG 12299 1972 18 out out RP 12299 1972 19 circular circular JJ 12299 1972 20 segments segment NNS 12299 1972 21 with with IN 12299 1972 22 a a DT 12299 1972 23 band band NN 12299 1972 24 saw see VBD 12299 1972 25 . . . 12299 1973 1 This this DT 12299 1973 2 left leave VBD 12299 1973 3 a a DT 12299 1973 4 breaking breaking JJ 12299 1973 5 section section NN 12299 1973 6 of of IN 12299 1973 7 2.5 2.5 CD 12299 1973 8 " " `` 12299 1973 9 X X NNP 12299 1973 10 0.375 0.375 CD 12299 1973 11 " " '' 12299 1973 12 . . . 12299 1974 1 Care care NN 12299 1974 2 was be VBD 12299 1974 3 taken take VBN 12299 1974 4 to to TO 12299 1974 5 cut cut VB 12299 1974 6 the the DT 12299 1974 7 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1974 8 as as IN 12299 1974 9 nearly nearly RB 12299 1974 10 parallel parallel JJ 12299 1974 11 to to IN 12299 1974 12 the the DT 12299 1974 13 grain grain NN 12299 1974 14 as as IN 12299 1974 15 possible possible JJ 12299 1974 16 , , , 12299 1974 17 so so IN 12299 1974 18 that that IN 12299 1974 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 1974 20 failure failure NN 12299 1974 21 would would MD 12299 1974 22 occur occur VB 12299 1974 23 in in IN 12299 1974 24 a a DT 12299 1974 25 condition condition NN 12299 1974 26 of of IN 12299 1974 27 pure pure JJ 12299 1974 28 tension tension NN 12299 1974 29 . . . 12299 1975 1 The the DT 12299 1975 2 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1975 3 was be VBD 12299 1975 4 then then RB 12299 1975 5 placed place VBN 12299 1975 6 between between IN 12299 1975 7 the the DT 12299 1975 8 plane plane NN 12299 1975 9 wedge wedge NN 12299 1975 10 - - HYPH 12299 1975 11 shaped shape VBN 12299 1975 12 steel steel NN 12299 1975 13 grips grip NNS 12299 1975 14 of of IN 12299 1975 15 the the DT 12299 1975 16 cage cage NN 12299 1975 17 and and CC 12299 1975 18 the the DT 12299 1975 19 movable movable JJ 12299 1975 20 head head NN 12299 1975 21 of of IN 12299 1975 22 the the DT 12299 1975 23 static static JJ 12299 1975 24 machine machine NN 12299 1975 25 and and CC 12299 1975 26 pulled pull VBD 12299 1975 27 in in IN 12299 1975 28 two two CD 12299 1975 29 . . . 12299 1976 1 Only only RB 12299 1976 2 the the DT 12299 1976 3 maximum maximum JJ 12299 1976 4 load load NN 12299 1976 5 was be VBD 12299 1976 6 recorded record VBN 12299 1976 7 . . . 12299 1977 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1977 2 See see VB 12299 1977 3 Fig fig NN 12299 1977 4 . . . 12299 1978 1 46 46 CD 12299 1978 2 , , , 12299 1978 3 No no UH 12299 1978 4 . . . 12299 1979 1 1 1 LS 12299 1979 2 . . . 12299 1979 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1980 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1980 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 1980 3 : : : 12299 1980 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 1980 5 . . . 12299 1981 1 46.--Designs 46.--designs CD 12299 1981 2 of of IN 12299 1981 3 tension tension NN 12299 1981 4 test test NN 12299 1981 5 specimens specimen NNS 12299 1981 6 used use VBN 12299 1981 7 in in IN 12299 1981 8 United United NNP 12299 1981 9 States States NNP 12299 1981 10 . . . 12299 1981 11 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1982 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1982 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1982 3 61 61 CD 12299 1982 4 : : : 12299 1982 5 Bul Bul NNP 12299 1982 6 . . . 12299 1983 1 No no UH 12299 1983 2 . . . 12299 1984 1 8 8 LS 12299 1984 2 : : : 12299 1984 3 Timber timber NN 12299 1984 4 physics physics NN 12299 1984 5 , , , 12299 1984 6 Part Part NNP 12299 1984 7 II II NNP 12299 1984 8 . . NNP 12299 1984 9 , , , 12299 1984 10 1893 1893 CD 12299 1984 11 , , , 12299 1984 12 p. p. NN 12299 1985 1 7 7 LS 12299 1985 2 . . . 12299 1985 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1986 1 The the DT 12299 1986 2 difficulty difficulty NN 12299 1986 3 of of IN 12299 1986 4 making make VBG 12299 1986 5 such such JJ 12299 1986 6 tests test NNS 12299 1986 7 compared compare VBN 12299 1986 8 with with IN 12299 1986 9 the the DT 12299 1986 10 minor minor JJ 12299 1986 11 importance importance NN 12299 1986 12 of of IN 12299 1986 13 the the DT 12299 1986 14 results result NNS 12299 1986 15 is be VBZ 12299 1986 16 so so RB 12299 1986 17 great great JJ 12299 1986 18 that that IN 12299 1986 19 they -PRON- PRP 12299 1986 20 are be VBP 12299 1986 21 at at IN 12299 1986 22 present present NN 12299 1986 23 omitted omit VBN 12299 1986 24 by by IN 12299 1986 25 the the DT 12299 1986 26 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 1986 27 Forest Forest NNP 12299 1986 28 Service Service NNP 12299 1986 29 . . . 12299 1987 1 A a DT 12299 1987 2 form form NN 12299 1987 3 of of IN 12299 1987 4 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1987 5 is be VBZ 12299 1987 6 suggested suggest VBN 12299 1987 7 , , , 12299 1987 8 however however RB 12299 1987 9 , , , 12299 1987 10 and and CC 12299 1987 11 is be VBZ 12299 1987 12 as as IN 12299 1987 13 follows follow VBZ 12299 1987 14 : : : 12299 1987 15 " " `` 12299 1987 16 A a DT 12299 1987 17 rod rod NN 12299 1987 18 of of IN 12299 1987 19 wood wood NN 12299 1987 20 about about IN 12299 1987 21 one one CD 12299 1987 22 inch inch NN 12299 1987 23 in in IN 12299 1987 24 diameter diameter NN 12299 1987 25 is be VBZ 12299 1987 26 bored bore VBN 12299 1987 27 by by IN 12299 1987 28 a a DT 12299 1987 29 hollow hollow JJ 12299 1987 30 drill drill NN 12299 1987 31 from from IN 12299 1987 32 the the DT 12299 1987 33 stick stick NN 12299 1987 34 to to TO 12299 1987 35 be be VB 12299 1987 36 tested test VBN 12299 1987 37 . . . 12299 1988 1 The the DT 12299 1988 2 ends end NNS 12299 1988 3 of of IN 12299 1988 4 this this DT 12299 1988 5 rod rod NN 12299 1988 6 are be VBP 12299 1988 7 inserted insert VBN 12299 1988 8 and and CC 12299 1988 9 glued glue VBN 12299 1988 10 in in IN 12299 1988 11 corresponding correspond VBG 12299 1988 12 holes hole NNS 12299 1988 13 in in IN 12299 1988 14 permanent permanent JJ 12299 1988 15 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 1988 16 wedges wedge NNS 12299 1988 17 . . . 12299 1989 1 The the DT 12299 1989 2 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1989 3 is be VBZ 12299 1989 4 then then RB 12299 1989 5 submitted submit VBN 12299 1989 6 to to IN 12299 1989 7 the the DT 12299 1989 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 12299 1989 9 tension tension NN 12299 1989 10 test test NN 12299 1989 11 . . . 12299 1990 1 The the DT 12299 1990 2 broken broken JJ 12299 1990 3 ends end NNS 12299 1990 4 are be VBP 12299 1990 5 punched punch VBN 12299 1990 6 from from IN 12299 1990 7 the the DT 12299 1990 8 wedges wedge NNS 12299 1990 9 . . . 12299 1991 1 " " `` 12299 1991 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1991 3 62 62 CD 12299 1991 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1991 5 ( ( -LRB- 12299 1991 6 See see VB 12299 1991 7 Fig fig NN 12299 1991 8 . . . 12299 1992 1 46 46 CD 12299 1992 2 , , , 12299 1992 3 No no UH 12299 1992 4 . . . 12299 1993 1 2 2 LS 12299 1993 2 . . . 12299 1993 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 1994 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 1994 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 1994 3 62 62 CD 12299 1994 4 : : : 12299 1994 5 Cir Cir NNS 12299 1994 6 . . . 12299 1995 1 38 38 CD 12299 1995 2 : : : 12299 1995 3 Instructions instruction NNS 12299 1995 4 to to IN 12299 1995 5 engineers engineer NNS 12299 1995 6 of of IN 12299 1995 7 timber timber NN 12299 1995 8 tests test NNS 12299 1995 9 , , , 12299 1995 10 1906 1906 CD 12299 1995 11 , , , 12299 1995 12 p. p. NN 12299 1996 1 24 24 CD 12299 1996 2 . . . 12299 1996 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1997 1 The the DT 12299 1997 2 form form NN 12299 1997 3 used use VBN 12299 1997 4 by by IN 12299 1997 5 the the DT 12299 1997 6 Department Department NNP 12299 1997 7 of of IN 12299 1997 8 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 1997 9 of of IN 12299 1997 10 New New NNP 12299 1997 11 South South NNP 12299 1997 12 Wales[63 Wales[63 NNP 12299 1997 13 ] ] -RRB- 12299 1997 14 is be VBZ 12299 1997 15 as as IN 12299 1997 16 shown show VBN 12299 1997 17 in in IN 12299 1997 18 Fig Fig NNP 12299 1997 19 . . . 12299 1998 1 47 47 CD 12299 1998 2 . . . 12299 1999 1 The the DT 12299 1999 2 specimen speciman NNS 12299 1999 3 has have VBZ 12299 1999 4 a a DT 12299 1999 5 total total JJ 12299 1999 6 length length NN 12299 1999 7 of of IN 12299 1999 8 41 41 CD 12299 1999 9 inches inch NNS 12299 1999 10 and and CC 12299 1999 11 is be VBZ 12299 1999 12 circular circular JJ 12299 1999 13 in in IN 12299 1999 14 cross cross NN 12299 1999 15 section section NN 12299 1999 16 . . . 12299 2000 1 On on IN 12299 2000 2 each each DT 12299 2000 3 end end NN 12299 2000 4 is be VBZ 12299 2000 5 a a DT 12299 2000 6 head head NN 12299 2000 7 4 4 CD 12299 2000 8 inches inch NNS 12299 2000 9 in in IN 12299 2000 10 diameter diameter NN 12299 2000 11 and and CC 12299 2000 12 7 7 CD 12299 2000 13 inches inch NNS 12299 2000 14 long long JJ 12299 2000 15 . . . 12299 2001 1 Below below IN 12299 2001 2 each each DT 12299 2001 3 head head NN 12299 2001 4 is be VBZ 12299 2001 5 a a DT 12299 2001 6 shoulder shoulder NN 12299 2001 7 8.5 8.5 CD 12299 2001 8 inches inch NNS 12299 2001 9 long long JJ 12299 2001 10 , , , 12299 2001 11 which which WDT 12299 2001 12 tapers taper VBZ 12299 2001 13 from from IN 12299 2001 14 a a DT 12299 2001 15 diameter diameter NN 12299 2001 16 of of IN 12299 2001 17 2.75 2.75 CD 12299 2001 18 inches inch NNS 12299 2001 19 to to IN 12299 2001 20 1.25 1.25 CD 12299 2001 21 inches inch NNS 12299 2001 22 . . . 12299 2002 1 In in IN 12299 2002 2 the the DT 12299 2002 3 middle middle NN 12299 2002 4 is be VBZ 12299 2002 5 a a DT 12299 2002 6 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 12299 2002 7 portion portion NN 12299 2002 8 1.25 1.25 CD 12299 2002 9 inches inch NNS 12299 2002 10 in in IN 12299 2002 11 diameter diameter NN 12299 2002 12 and and CC 12299 2002 13 10 10 CD 12299 2002 14 inches inch NNS 12299 2002 15 long long JJ 12299 2002 16 . . . 12299 2003 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2003 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 2003 3 : : : 12299 2003 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 2003 5 . . . 12299 2004 1 47.--Design 47.--design CD 12299 2004 2 of of IN 12299 2004 3 tension tension NN 12299 2004 4 test test NN 12299 2004 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2004 6 used use VBN 12299 2004 7 in in IN 12299 2004 8 New New NNP 12299 2004 9 South South NNP 12299 2004 10 Wales Wales NNP 12299 2004 11 . . . 12299 2004 12 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2005 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2005 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 2005 3 63 63 CD 12299 2005 4 : : : 12299 2005 5 Warren Warren NNP 12299 2005 6 , , , 12299 2005 7 W.H. W.H. NNP 12299 2006 1 : : : 12299 2006 2 The the DT 12299 2006 3 strength strength NN 12299 2006 4 , , , 12299 2006 5 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2006 6 , , , 12299 2006 7 and and CC 12299 2006 8 other other JJ 12299 2006 9 properties property NNS 12299 2006 10 of of IN 12299 2006 11 New New NNP 12299 2006 12 South South NNP 12299 2006 13 Wales Wales NNP 12299 2006 14 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 2006 15 timbers timber NNS 12299 2006 16 , , , 12299 2006 17 1911 1911 CD 12299 2006 18 , , , 12299 2006 19 pp pp NNP 12299 2006 20 . . . 12299 2007 1 58 58 CD 12299 2007 2 - - SYM 12299 2007 3 62 62 CD 12299 2007 4 . . . 12299 2007 5 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2008 1 In in IN 12299 2008 2 making make VBG 12299 2008 3 the the DT 12299 2008 4 test test NN 12299 2008 5 the the DT 12299 2008 6 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2008 7 is be VBZ 12299 2008 8 fitted fit VBN 12299 2008 9 in in IN 12299 2008 10 the the DT 12299 2008 11 machine machine NN 12299 2008 12 , , , 12299 2008 13 and and CC 12299 2008 14 an an DT 12299 2008 15 extensometer extensometer NN 12299 2008 16 attached attach VBN 12299 2008 17 to to IN 12299 2008 18 the the DT 12299 2008 19 middle middle JJ 12299 2008 20 portion portion NN 12299 2008 21 and and CC 12299 2008 22 arranged arrange VBD 12299 2008 23 to to TO 12299 2008 24 record record VB 12299 2008 25 the the DT 12299 2008 26 extension extension NN 12299 2008 27 between between IN 12299 2008 28 the the DT 12299 2008 29 gauge gauge NN 12299 2008 30 points point VBZ 12299 2008 31 8 8 CD 12299 2008 32 inches inch NNS 12299 2008 33 apart apart RB 12299 2008 34 . . . 12299 2009 1 The the DT 12299 2009 2 area area NN 12299 2009 3 of of IN 12299 2009 4 the the DT 12299 2009 5 cross cross NN 12299 2009 6 section section NN 12299 2009 7 then then RB 12299 2009 8 is be VBZ 12299 2009 9 1.226 1.226 CD 12299 2009 10 square square JJ 12299 2009 11 inches inch NNS 12299 2009 12 , , , 12299 2009 13 and and CC 12299 2009 14 the the DT 12299 2009 15 tensile tensile JJ 12299 2009 16 strength strength NN 12299 2009 17 is be VBZ 12299 2009 18 equal equal JJ 12299 2009 19 to to IN 12299 2009 20 the the DT 12299 2009 21 total total JJ 12299 2009 22 breaking break VBG 12299 2009 23 load load NN 12299 2009 24 applied apply VBD 12299 2009 25 divided divide VBN 12299 2009 26 by by IN 12299 2009 27 this this DT 12299 2009 28 area area NN 12299 2009 29 . . . 12299 2010 1 TENSION tension NN 12299 2010 2 TEST test NN 12299 2010 3 AT at IN 12299 2010 4 RIGHT right RB 12299 2010 5 ANGLES ANGLES NNP 12299 2010 6 TO to IN 12299 2010 7 THE the DT 12299 2010 8 GRAIN grain NN 12299 2010 9 A a DT 12299 2010 10 static static JJ 12299 2010 11 testing testing NN 12299 2010 12 machine machine NN 12299 2010 13 and and CC 12299 2010 14 a a DT 12299 2010 15 special special JJ 12299 2010 16 testing testing NN 12299 2010 17 device device NN 12299 2010 18 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2010 19 see see VB 12299 2010 20 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2010 21 . . . 12299 2011 1 48 48 CD 12299 2011 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2011 3 are be VBP 12299 2011 4 required require VBN 12299 2011 5 . . . 12299 2012 1 The the DT 12299 2012 2 latter latter JJ 12299 2012 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 2012 4 essentially essentially RB 12299 2012 5 of of IN 12299 2012 6 two two CD 12299 2012 7 double double JJ 12299 2012 8 hooks hook NNS 12299 2012 9 or or CC 12299 2012 10 clamps clamp NNS 12299 2012 11 , , , 12299 2012 12 one one CD 12299 2012 13 of of IN 12299 2012 14 which which WDT 12299 2012 15 is be VBZ 12299 2012 16 suspended suspend VBN 12299 2012 17 from from IN 12299 2012 18 the the DT 12299 2012 19 centre centre NN 12299 2012 20 of of IN 12299 2012 21 the the DT 12299 2012 22 top top NN 12299 2012 23 of of IN 12299 2012 24 the the DT 12299 2012 25 cage cage NN 12299 2012 26 , , , 12299 2012 27 the the DT 12299 2012 28 other other JJ 12299 2012 29 extended extend VBD 12299 2012 30 above above IN 12299 2012 31 the the DT 12299 2012 32 movable movable JJ 12299 2012 33 head head NN 12299 2012 34 . . . 12299 2013 1 The the DT 12299 2013 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2013 3 are be VBP 12299 2013 4 2 2 CD 12299 2013 5 " " `` 12299 2013 6 X x NN 12299 2013 7 2 2 CD 12299 2013 8 " " '' 12299 2013 9 X x NN 12299 2013 10 2.5 2.5 CD 12299 2013 11 " " '' 12299 2013 12 . . . 12299 2014 1 At at IN 12299 2014 2 each each DT 12299 2014 3 end end NN 12299 2014 4 a a DT 12299 2014 5 one one CD 12299 2014 6 - - HYPH 12299 2014 7 inch inch NN 12299 2014 8 hole hole NN 12299 2014 9 is be VBZ 12299 2014 10 bored bore VBN 12299 2014 11 with with IN 12299 2014 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2014 13 centre centre NN 12299 2014 14 equidistant equidistant NN 12299 2014 15 from from IN 12299 2014 16 the the DT 12299 2014 17 two two CD 12299 2014 18 sides side NNS 12299 2014 19 and and CC 12299 2014 20 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 2014 21 inch inch NN 12299 2014 22 from from IN 12299 2014 23 the the DT 12299 2014 24 ends end NNS 12299 2014 25 . . . 12299 2015 1 This this DT 12299 2015 2 makes make VBZ 12299 2015 3 the the DT 12299 2015 4 cross cross NN 12299 2015 5 section section NN 12299 2015 6 to to TO 12299 2015 7 be be VB 12299 2015 8 tested test VBN 12299 2015 9 1 1 CD 12299 2015 10 " " `` 12299 2015 11 X x NN 12299 2015 12 2 2 CD 12299 2015 13 " " '' 12299 2015 14 . . . 12299 2016 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2016 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 2016 3 : : : 12299 2016 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 2016 5 . . . 12299 2017 1 48.--Design 48.--design CD 12299 2017 2 of of IN 12299 2017 3 tool tool NN 12299 2017 4 and and CC 12299 2017 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2017 6 for for IN 12299 2017 7 testing test VBG 12299 2017 8 tension tension NN 12299 2017 9 at at IN 12299 2017 10 right right JJ 12299 2017 11 angles angle NNS 12299 2017 12 to to IN 12299 2017 13 the the DT 12299 2017 14 grain grain NN 12299 2017 15 . . . 12299 2017 16 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2018 1 The the DT 12299 2018 2 free free JJ 12299 2018 3 ends end NNS 12299 2018 4 of of IN 12299 2018 5 the the DT 12299 2018 6 clamps clamp NNS 12299 2018 7 are be VBP 12299 2018 8 fitted fit VBN 12299 2018 9 into into IN 12299 2018 10 the the DT 12299 2018 11 notches notch NNS 12299 2018 12 in in IN 12299 2018 13 the the DT 12299 2018 14 ends end NNS 12299 2018 15 of of IN 12299 2018 16 the the DT 12299 2018 17 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2018 18 . . . 12299 2019 1 The the DT 12299 2019 2 movable movable JJ 12299 2019 3 head head NN 12299 2019 4 of of IN 12299 2019 5 the the DT 12299 2019 6 machine machine NN 12299 2019 7 is be VBZ 12299 2019 8 then then RB 12299 2019 9 made make VBN 12299 2019 10 to to TO 12299 2019 11 descend descend VB 12299 2019 12 at at IN 12299 2019 13 the the DT 12299 2019 14 rate rate NN 12299 2019 15 of of IN 12299 2019 16 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 2019 17 inch inch NN 12299 2019 18 per per IN 12299 2019 19 minute minute NN 12299 2019 20 , , , 12299 2019 21 pulling pull VBG 12299 2019 22 the the DT 12299 2019 23 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2019 24 in in IN 12299 2019 25 two two CD 12299 2019 26 at at IN 12299 2019 27 right right JJ 12299 2019 28 angles angle NNS 12299 2019 29 to to IN 12299 2019 30 the the DT 12299 2019 31 grain grain NN 12299 2019 32 . . . 12299 2020 1 The the DT 12299 2020 2 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2020 3 load load NN 12299 2020 4 only only RB 12299 2020 5 is be VBZ 12299 2020 6 taken take VBN 12299 2020 7 and and CC 12299 2020 8 the the DT 12299 2020 9 result result NN 12299 2020 10 expressed express VBN 12299 2020 11 in in IN 12299 2020 12 pounds pound NNS 12299 2020 13 per per IN 12299 2020 14 inch inch NN 12299 2020 15 of of IN 12299 2020 16 width width NN 12299 2020 17 . . . 12299 2021 1 A a DT 12299 2021 2 piece piece NN 12299 2021 3 one one CD 12299 2021 4 - - HYPH 12299 2021 5 half half NN 12299 2021 6 inch inch NN 12299 2021 7 thick thick JJ 12299 2021 8 is be VBZ 12299 2021 9 split split VBN 12299 2021 10 off off RP 12299 2021 11 parallel parallel NN 12299 2021 12 to to IN 12299 2021 13 the the DT 12299 2021 14 failure failure NN 12299 2021 15 and and CC 12299 2021 16 used use VBN 12299 2021 17 for for IN 12299 2021 18 moisture moisture NN 12299 2021 19 determination determination NN 12299 2021 20 . . . 12299 2022 1 TORSION TORSION NNP 12299 2022 2 TEST[64 TEST[64 , 12299 2022 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2022 4 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2022 5 Footnote Footnote NNP 12299 2022 6 64 64 CD 12299 2022 7 : : : 12299 2022 8 Wood wood NN 12299 2022 9 is be VBZ 12299 2022 10 so so RB 12299 2022 11 seldom seldom RB 12299 2022 12 subjected subject VBN 12299 2022 13 to to IN 12299 2022 14 a a DT 12299 2022 15 pure pure JJ 12299 2022 16 stress stress NN 12299 2022 17 of of IN 12299 2022 18 this this DT 12299 2022 19 kind kind NN 12299 2022 20 that that WDT 12299 2022 21 the the DT 12299 2022 22 torsion torsion NN 12299 2022 23 test test NN 12299 2022 24 is be VBZ 12299 2022 25 usually usually RB 12299 2022 26 omitted omit VBN 12299 2022 27 . . . 12299 2022 28 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2023 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2023 2 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 12299 2023 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2023 4 : : : 12299 2023 5 The the DT 12299 2023 6 torsion torsion NN 12299 2023 7 test test NN 12299 2023 8 is be VBZ 12299 2023 9 made make VBN 12299 2023 10 in in IN 12299 2023 11 a a DT 12299 2023 12 Riehle Riehle NNP 12299 2023 13 - - HYPH 12299 2023 14 Miller Miller NNP 12299 2023 15 torsional torsional JJ 12299 2023 16 testing testing NN 12299 2023 17 machine machine NN 12299 2023 18 or or CC 12299 2023 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2023 20 equivalent equivalent NN 12299 2023 21 . . . 12299 2024 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2024 2 See see VB 12299 2024 3 Fig fig NN 12299 2024 4 . . . 12299 2025 1 49 49 CD 12299 2025 2 . . . 12299 2025 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2026 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2026 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 2026 3 : : : 12299 2026 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 2026 5 . . . 12299 2027 1 49.--Making 49.--making LS 12299 2027 2 a a DT 12299 2027 3 torsion torsion NN 12299 2027 4 test test NN 12299 2027 5 on on IN 12299 2027 6 hickory hickory NN 12299 2027 7 . . . 12299 2027 8 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2028 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2028 2 Preparation Preparation NNP 12299 2028 3 of of IN 12299 2028 4 material material NN 12299 2028 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2028 6 : : : 12299 2028 7 The the DT 12299 2028 8 test test NN 12299 2028 9 pieces piece NNS 12299 2028 10 are be VBP 12299 2028 11 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 12299 2028 12 , , , 12299 2028 13 1.5 1.5 CD 12299 2028 14 inches inch NNS 12299 2028 15 in in IN 12299 2028 16 diameter diameter NN 12299 2028 17 and and CC 12299 2028 18 18 18 CD 12299 2028 19 inches inch NNS 12299 2028 20 gauge gauge NN 12299 2028 21 length length NN 12299 2028 22 , , , 12299 2028 23 with with IN 12299 2028 24 squared square VBN 12299 2028 25 ends end NNS 12299 2028 26 4 4 CD 12299 2028 27 inches inch NNS 12299 2028 28 long long RB 12299 2028 29 joined join VBN 12299 2028 30 to to IN 12299 2028 31 the the DT 12299 2028 32 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 12299 2028 33 portion portion NN 12299 2028 34 with with IN 12299 2028 35 a a DT 12299 2028 36 fillet fillet NN 12299 2028 37 . . . 12299 2029 1 The the DT 12299 2029 2 dimensions dimension NNS 12299 2029 3 are be VBP 12299 2029 4 carefully carefully RB 12299 2029 5 measured measure VBN 12299 2029 6 , , , 12299 2029 7 and and CC 12299 2029 8 the the DT 12299 2029 9 usual usual JJ 12299 2029 10 data datum NNS 12299 2029 11 obtained obtain VBN 12299 2029 12 in in IN 12299 2029 13 regard regard NN 12299 2029 14 to to IN 12299 2029 15 the the DT 12299 2029 16 rate rate NN 12299 2029 17 of of IN 12299 2029 18 growth growth NN 12299 2029 19 , , , 12299 2029 20 proportion proportion NN 12299 2029 21 of of IN 12299 2029 22 late late JJ 12299 2029 23 wood wood NN 12299 2029 24 , , , 12299 2029 25 location location NN 12299 2029 26 and and CC 12299 2029 27 kind kind NN 12299 2029 28 of of IN 12299 2029 29 defects defect NNS 12299 2029 30 . . . 12299 2030 1 The the DT 12299 2030 2 weight weight NN 12299 2030 3 of of IN 12299 2030 4 the the DT 12299 2030 5 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 12299 2030 6 portion portion NN 12299 2030 7 of of IN 12299 2030 8 the the DT 12299 2030 9 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2030 10 is be VBZ 12299 2030 11 obtained obtain VBN 12299 2030 12 after after IN 12299 2030 13 the the DT 12299 2030 14 test test NN 12299 2030 15 . . . 12299 2031 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2031 2 Making make VBG 12299 2031 3 the the DT 12299 2031 4 test test NN 12299 2031 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2031 6 : : : 12299 2031 7 After after IN 12299 2031 8 the the DT 12299 2031 9 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2031 10 is be VBZ 12299 2031 11 fitted fit VBN 12299 2031 12 in in IN 12299 2031 13 the the DT 12299 2031 14 machine machine NN 12299 2031 15 the the DT 12299 2031 16 load load NN 12299 2031 17 is be VBZ 12299 2031 18 applied apply VBN 12299 2031 19 continuously continuously RB 12299 2031 20 at at IN 12299 2031 21 the the DT 12299 2031 22 rate rate NN 12299 2031 23 of of IN 12299 2031 24 22 22â CD 12299 2031 25 ° ° NNS 12299 2031 26 per per IN 12299 2031 27 minute minute NN 12299 2031 28 . . . 12299 2032 1 A a DT 12299 2032 2 troptometer troptometer NN 12299 2032 3 is be VBZ 12299 2032 4 used use VBN 12299 2032 5 in in IN 12299 2032 6 measuring measure VBG 12299 2032 7 the the DT 12299 2032 8 deformation deformation NN 12299 2032 9 . . . 12299 2033 1 Readings reading NNS 12299 2033 2 are be VBP 12299 2033 3 made make VBN 12299 2033 4 until until IN 12299 2033 5 failure failure NN 12299 2033 6 occurs occur VBZ 12299 2033 7 , , , 12299 2033 8 the the DT 12299 2033 9 points point NNS 12299 2033 10 being be VBG 12299 2033 11 entered enter VBN 12299 2033 12 on on IN 12299 2033 13 the the DT 12299 2033 14 cross cross JJ 12299 2033 15 - - JJ 12299 2033 16 section section NN 12299 2033 17 paper paper NN 12299 2033 18 . . . 12299 2034 1 The the DT 12299 2034 2 character character NN 12299 2034 3 of of IN 12299 2034 4 the the DT 12299 2034 5 failure failure NN 12299 2034 6 is be VBZ 12299 2034 7 described describe VBN 12299 2034 8 . . . 12299 2035 1 Moisture moisture NN 12299 2035 2 determinations determination NNS 12299 2035 3 are be VBP 12299 2035 4 made make VBN 12299 2035 5 by by IN 12299 2035 6 the the DT 12299 2035 7 disk disk NN 12299 2035 8 method method NN 12299 2035 9 . . . 12299 2036 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2036 2 Results Results NNP 12299 2036 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2036 4 : : : 12299 2036 5 The the DT 12299 2036 6 conditions condition NNS 12299 2036 7 of of IN 12299 2036 8 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 2036 9 rupture rupture NN 12299 2036 10 due due JJ 12299 2036 11 to to IN 12299 2036 12 torsion torsion NN 12299 2036 13 appear appear VBP 12299 2036 14 not not RB 12299 2036 15 to to TO 12299 2036 16 be be VB 12299 2036 17 governed govern VBN 12299 2036 18 by by IN 12299 2036 19 definite definite JJ 12299 2036 20 mathematical mathematical JJ 12299 2036 21 laws law NNS 12299 2036 22 ; ; : 12299 2036 23 but but CC 12299 2036 24 where where WRB 12299 2036 25 the the DT 12299 2036 26 material material NN 12299 2036 27 is be VBZ 12299 2036 28 not not RB 12299 2036 29 overstrained overstrain VBN 12299 2036 30 , , , 12299 2036 31 laws law NNS 12299 2036 32 may may MD 12299 2036 33 be be VB 12299 2036 34 assumed assume VBN 12299 2036 35 which which WDT 12299 2036 36 are be VBP 12299 2036 37 sufficiently sufficiently RB 12299 2036 38 exact exact JJ 12299 2036 39 for for IN 12299 2036 40 practical practical JJ 12299 2036 41 cases case NNS 12299 2036 42 . . . 12299 2037 1 The the DT 12299 2037 2 formulà formulà NNP 12299 2037 3 ¦ ¦ NN 12299 2037 4 commonly commonly RB 12299 2037 5 used use VBN 12299 2037 6 for for IN 12299 2037 7 computations computation NNS 12299 2037 8 are be VBP 12299 2037 9 as as IN 12299 2037 10 follows follow VBZ 12299 2037 11 : : : 12299 2037 12 5.1 5.1 CD 12299 2037 13 M M NNP 12299 2037 14 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2037 15 1 1 CD 12299 2037 16 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2037 17 T t NN 12299 2037 18 = = NFP 12299 2037 19 ------- ------- NFP 12299 2037 20 c^{3 c^{3 NNP 12299 2037 21 } } -RRB- 12299 2037 22 114.6 114.6 CD 12299 2037 23 T t NN 12299 2037 24 f f NN 12299 2037 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2037 26 2 2 LS 12299 2037 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2037 28 G g NN 12299 2037 29 = = NFP 12299 2037 30 ----------- ----------- NFP 12299 2037 31 a a DT 12299 2037 32 c c NN 12299 2037 33 a a NN 12299 2037 34 = = SYM 12299 2037 35 angle angle NN 12299 2037 36 measured measure VBN 12299 2037 37 by by IN 12299 2037 38 troptometer troptometer NN 12299 2037 39 at at IN 12299 2037 40 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2037 41 limit limit NN 12299 2037 42 , , , 12299 2037 43 in in IN 12299 2037 44 degrees degree NNS 12299 2037 45 . . . 12299 2038 1 c c LS 12299 2038 2 = = SYM 12299 2038 3 diameter diameter NN 12299 2038 4 of of IN 12299 2038 5 specimen specimen NNP 12299 2038 6 , , , 12299 2038 7 inches inch NNS 12299 2038 8 . . . 12299 2039 1 f f LS 12299 2039 2 = = SYM 12299 2039 3 gauge gauge NN 12299 2039 4 length length NN 12299 2039 5 of of IN 12299 2039 6 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2039 7 , , , 12299 2039 8 inches inch NNS 12299 2039 9 . . . 12299 2040 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2040 2 G G NNP 12299 2040 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2040 4 = = SYM 12299 2040 5 modulus modulus NN 12299 2040 6 of of IN 12299 2040 7 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2040 8 in in IN 12299 2040 9 shear shear NN 12299 2040 10 across across IN 12299 2040 11 the the DT 12299 2040 12 grain grain NN 12299 2040 13 , , , 12299 2040 14 pounds pound NNS 12299 2040 15 per per IN 12299 2040 16 square square JJ 12299 2040 17 inch inch NN 12299 2040 18 . . . 12299 2041 1 M M NNP 12299 2041 2 = = : 12299 2041 3 moment moment NN 12299 2041 4 of of IN 12299 2041 5 torsion torsion NN 12299 2041 6 at at IN 12299 2041 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2041 8 limit limit NN 12299 2041 9 , , , 12299 2041 10 inch inch NN 12299 2041 11 - - HYPH 12299 2041 12 pounds pound NNS 12299 2041 13 . . . 12299 2042 1 T T NNP 12299 2042 2 = = SYM 12299 2042 3 outer outer NNP 12299 2042 4 fibre fibre NNP 12299 2042 5 torsional torsional JJ 12299 2042 6 stress stress NN 12299 2042 7 at at IN 12299 2042 8 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2042 9 limit limit NN 12299 2042 10 , , , 12299 2042 11 pounds pound NNS 12299 2042 12 per per IN 12299 2042 13 square square JJ 12299 2042 14 inch inch NN 12299 2042 15 . . . 12299 2043 1 SPECIAL SPECIAL NNP 12299 2043 2 TESTS TESTS NNP 12299 2043 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2043 4 Spike Spike NNP 12299 2043 5 - - HYPH 12299 2043 6 pulling pull VBG 12299 2043 7 Test Test NNP 12299 2043 8 _ _ NNP 12299 2043 9 Spike Spike NNP 12299 2043 10 - - HYPH 12299 2043 11 pulling pull VBG 12299 2043 12 tests test NNS 12299 2043 13 apply apply VBP 12299 2043 14 to to IN 12299 2043 15 problems problem NNS 12299 2043 16 of of IN 12299 2043 17 railroad railroad NN 12299 2043 18 maintenance maintenance NN 12299 2043 19 , , , 12299 2043 20 and and CC 12299 2043 21 the the DT 12299 2043 22 results result NNS 12299 2043 23 are be VBP 12299 2043 24 used use VBN 12299 2043 25 to to TO 12299 2043 26 compare compare VB 12299 2043 27 the the DT 12299 2043 28 spike spike NN 12299 2043 29 - - HYPH 12299 2043 30 holding hold VBG 12299 2043 31 powers power NNS 12299 2043 32 of of IN 12299 2043 33 various various JJ 12299 2043 34 woods wood NNS 12299 2043 35 , , , 12299 2043 36 both both DT 12299 2043 37 untreated untreated JJ 12299 2043 38 and and CC 12299 2043 39 treated treat VBN 12299 2043 40 with with IN 12299 2043 41 different different JJ 12299 2043 42 preservatives preservative NNS 12299 2043 43 , , , 12299 2043 44 and and CC 12299 2043 45 the the DT 12299 2043 46 efficiency efficiency NN 12299 2043 47 of of IN 12299 2043 48 various various JJ 12299 2043 49 forms form NNS 12299 2043 50 of of IN 12299 2043 51 spikes spike NNS 12299 2043 52 . . . 12299 2044 1 Special special JJ 12299 2044 2 tests test NNS 12299 2044 3 are be VBP 12299 2044 4 also also RB 12299 2044 5 made make VBN 12299 2044 6 in in IN 12299 2044 7 which which WDT 12299 2044 8 the the DT 12299 2044 9 spike spike NN 12299 2044 10 is be VBZ 12299 2044 11 subjected subject VBN 12299 2044 12 to to IN 12299 2044 13 a a DT 12299 2044 14 transverse transverse JJ 12299 2044 15 load load NN 12299 2044 16 applied apply VBN 12299 2044 17 repetitively repetitively RB 12299 2044 18 by by IN 12299 2044 19 a a DT 12299 2044 20 blow blow NN 12299 2044 21 . . . 12299 2045 1 For for IN 12299 2045 2 details detail NNS 12299 2045 3 of of IN 12299 2045 4 tests test NNS 12299 2045 5 and and CC 12299 2045 6 results result NNS 12299 2045 7 see see VBP 12299 2045 8 : : : 12299 2045 9 Cir Cir NNS 12299 2045 10 . . . 12299 2046 1 38 38 CD 12299 2046 2 , , , 12299 2046 3 U.S.F.S. u.s.f.s. IN 12299 2047 1 : : : 12299 2047 2 Instructions instruction NNS 12299 2047 3 to to IN 12299 2047 4 engineers engineer NNS 12299 2047 5 of of IN 12299 2047 6 timber timber NN 12299 2047 7 tests test NNS 12299 2047 8 , , , 12299 2047 9 p. p. NN 12299 2047 10 26 26 CD 12299 2047 11 . . . 12299 2048 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 2048 2 . . . 12299 2049 1 46 46 CD 12299 2049 2 , , , 12299 2049 3 U.S.F.S. u.s.f.s. IN 12299 2050 1 : : : 12299 2050 2 Holding hold VBG 12299 2050 3 force force NN 12299 2050 4 of of IN 12299 2050 5 railroad railroad NN 12299 2050 6 spikes spike NNS 12299 2050 7 in in IN 12299 2050 8 wooden wooden JJ 12299 2050 9 ties tie NNS 12299 2050 10 . . . 12299 2051 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 2051 2 . . . 12299 2052 1 118 118 CD 12299 2052 2 , , , 12299 2052 3 U.S.F.S U.S.F.S NNP 12299 2052 4 , , , 12299 2052 5 : : : 12299 2052 6 Prolonging prolong VBG 12299 2052 7 the the DT 12299 2052 8 life life NN 12299 2052 9 of of IN 12299 2052 10 cross cross NN 12299 2052 11 - - NNS 12299 2052 12 ties tie NNS 12299 2052 13 , , , 12299 2052 14 pp pp NNP 12299 2052 15 . . . 12299 2053 1 37 37 CD 12299 2053 2 - - SYM 12299 2053 3 40 40 CD 12299 2053 4 . . . 12299 2054 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2054 2 Packing Packing NNP 12299 2054 3 Boxes Boxes NNP 12299 2054 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2054 5 Special Special NNP 12299 2054 6 tests test NNS 12299 2054 7 on on IN 12299 2054 8 the the DT 12299 2054 9 strength strength NN 12299 2054 10 of of IN 12299 2054 11 packing pack VBG 12299 2054 12 boxes box NNS 12299 2054 13 of of IN 12299 2054 14 various various JJ 12299 2054 15 woods wood NNS 12299 2054 16 have have VBP 12299 2054 17 been be VBN 12299 2054 18 made make VBN 12299 2054 19 by by IN 12299 2054 20 the the DT 12299 2054 21 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2054 22 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2054 23 Service Service NNP 12299 2054 24 to to TO 12299 2054 25 determine determine VB 12299 2054 26 the the DT 12299 2054 27 merits merit NNS 12299 2054 28 of of IN 12299 2054 29 different different JJ 12299 2054 30 kinds kind NNS 12299 2054 31 of of IN 12299 2054 32 woods wood NNS 12299 2054 33 as as IN 12299 2054 34 box box NN 12299 2054 35 material material NN 12299 2054 36 with with IN 12299 2054 37 the the DT 12299 2054 38 view view NN 12299 2054 39 of of IN 12299 2054 40 substituting substitute VBG 12299 2054 41 new new JJ 12299 2054 42 kinds kind NNS 12299 2054 43 for for IN 12299 2054 44 the the DT 12299 2054 45 more more RBR 12299 2054 46 expensive expensive JJ 12299 2054 47 ones one NNS 12299 2054 48 now now RB 12299 2054 49 in in IN 12299 2054 50 use use NN 12299 2054 51 . . . 12299 2055 1 The the DT 12299 2055 2 methods method NNS 12299 2055 3 of of IN 12299 2055 4 tests test NNS 12299 2055 5 consisted consist VBN 12299 2055 6 in in IN 12299 2055 7 applying apply VBG 12299 2055 8 a a DT 12299 2055 9 load load NN 12299 2055 10 along along IN 12299 2055 11 the the DT 12299 2055 12 diagonal diagonal NN 12299 2055 13 of of IN 12299 2055 14 a a DT 12299 2055 15 box box NN 12299 2055 16 , , , 12299 2055 17 an an DT 12299 2055 18 action action NN 12299 2055 19 similar similar JJ 12299 2055 20 to to IN 12299 2055 21 that that DT 12299 2055 22 which which WDT 12299 2055 23 occurs occur VBZ 12299 2055 24 when when WRB 12299 2055 25 a a DT 12299 2055 26 box box NN 12299 2055 27 is be VBZ 12299 2055 28 dropped drop VBN 12299 2055 29 on on IN 12299 2055 30 one one CD 12299 2055 31 of of IN 12299 2055 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2055 33 corners corner NNS 12299 2055 34 . . . 12299 2056 1 The the DT 12299 2056 2 load load NN 12299 2056 3 was be VBD 12299 2056 4 measured measure VBN 12299 2056 5 at at IN 12299 2056 6 each each DT 12299 2056 7 one one CD 12299 2056 8 - - HYPH 12299 2056 9 fourth fourth JJ 12299 2056 10 inch inch NN 12299 2056 11 in in IN 12299 2056 12 deflection deflection NN 12299 2056 13 , , , 12299 2056 14 and and CC 12299 2056 15 notes note NNS 12299 2056 16 were be VBD 12299 2056 17 made make VBN 12299 2056 18 of of IN 12299 2056 19 the the DT 12299 2056 20 primary primary JJ 12299 2056 21 and and CC 12299 2056 22 subsequent subsequent JJ 12299 2056 23 failures failure NNS 12299 2056 24 . . . 12299 2057 1 For for IN 12299 2057 2 details detail NNS 12299 2057 3 of of IN 12299 2057 4 tests test NNS 12299 2057 5 and and CC 12299 2057 6 results result NNS 12299 2057 7 , , , 12299 2057 8 see see VB 12299 2057 9 : : : 12299 2057 10 Cir Cir NNS 12299 2057 11 . . . 12299 2058 1 47 47 CD 12299 2058 2 , , , 12299 2058 3 U.S.F.S. U.S.F.S. NNP 12299 2059 1 : : : 12299 2059 2 Strength strength NN 12299 2059 3 of of IN 12299 2059 4 packing pack VBG 12299 2059 5 boxes box NNS 12299 2059 6 of of IN 12299 2059 7 various various JJ 12299 2059 8 woods wood NNS 12299 2059 9 . . . 12299 2060 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 2060 2 . . . 12299 2061 1 214 214 CD 12299 2061 2 , , , 12299 2061 3 U.S.F.S. U.S.F.S. NNP 12299 2062 1 : : : 12299 2062 2 Tests test NNS 12299 2062 3 of of IN 12299 2062 4 packing packing NN 12299 2062 5 boxes box NNS 12299 2062 6 of of IN 12299 2062 7 various various JJ 12299 2062 8 forms form NNS 12299 2062 9 . . . 12299 2063 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2063 2 Vehicle Vehicle NNP 12299 2063 3 and and CC 12299 2063 4 Implement Implement NNP 12299 2063 5 Woods Woods NNP 12299 2063 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2063 7 Tests Tests NNPS 12299 2063 8 were be VBD 12299 2063 9 made make VBN 12299 2063 10 by by IN 12299 2063 11 the the DT 12299 2063 12 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2063 13 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2063 14 Service Service NNP 12299 2063 15 to to TO 12299 2063 16 obtain obtain VB 12299 2063 17 a a DT 12299 2063 18 better well JJR 12299 2063 19 knowledge knowledge NN 12299 2063 20 of of IN 12299 2063 21 the the DT 12299 2063 22 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2063 23 properties property NNS 12299 2063 24 of of IN 12299 2063 25 the the DT 12299 2063 26 woods wood NNS 12299 2063 27 at at IN 12299 2063 28 present present NN 12299 2063 29 used use VBN 12299 2063 30 in in IN 12299 2063 31 the the DT 12299 2063 32 manufacture manufacture NN 12299 2063 33 of of IN 12299 2063 34 vehicles vehicle NNS 12299 2063 35 and and CC 12299 2063 36 implements implement NNS 12299 2063 37 and and CC 12299 2063 38 of of IN 12299 2063 39 those those DT 12299 2063 40 which which WDT 12299 2063 41 might may MD 12299 2063 42 be be VB 12299 2063 43 substituted substitute VBN 12299 2063 44 for for IN 12299 2063 45 them -PRON- PRP 12299 2063 46 . . . 12299 2064 1 Tests test NNS 12299 2064 2 were be VBD 12299 2064 3 made make VBN 12299 2064 4 upon upon IN 12299 2064 5 the the DT 12299 2064 6 following follow VBG 12299 2064 7 materials material NNS 12299 2064 8 : : : 12299 2064 9 hickory hickory NNP 12299 2064 10 buggy buggy NNP 12299 2064 11 spokes spoke NNS 12299 2064 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2064 13 see see VB 12299 2064 14 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2064 15 . . . 12299 2065 1 5 5 LS 12299 2065 2 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2065 3 ; ; : 12299 2065 4 hickory hickory NNP 12299 2065 5 and and CC 12299 2065 6 red red NNP 12299 2065 7 oak oak NNP 12299 2065 8 buggy buggy NNP 12299 2065 9 shafts shaft NNS 12299 2065 10 ; ; , 12299 2065 11 wagon wagon NN 12299 2065 12 tongues tongue NNS 12299 2065 13 ; ; : 12299 2065 14 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2065 15 fir fir NN 12299 2065 16 and and CC 12299 2065 17 southern southern JJ 12299 2065 18 pine pine JJ 12299 2065 19 cultivator cultivator NN 12299 2065 20 poles pole NNS 12299 2065 21 . . . 12299 2066 1 Details detail NNS 12299 2066 2 of of IN 12299 2066 3 the the DT 12299 2066 4 tests test NNS 12299 2066 5 and and CC 12299 2066 6 results result NNS 12299 2066 7 may may MD 12299 2066 8 be be VB 12299 2066 9 found find VBN 12299 2066 10 in in IN 12299 2066 11 : : : 12299 2066 12 Cir Cir NNP 12299 2066 13 . . . 12299 2067 1 142 142 CD 12299 2067 2 , , , 12299 2067 3 U.S.F.S. U.S.F.S. NNP 12299 2068 1 : : : 12299 2068 2 Tests test NNS 12299 2068 3 on on IN 12299 2068 4 vehicle vehicle NN 12299 2068 5 and and CC 12299 2068 6 implement implement VB 12299 2068 7 woods wood NNS 12299 2068 8 . . . 12299 2069 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2069 2 Cross Cross NNP 12299 2069 3 - - HYPH 12299 2069 4 arms arm NNS 12299 2069 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2069 6 In in IN 12299 2069 7 tests test NNS 12299 2069 8 by by IN 12299 2069 9 the the DT 12299 2069 10 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2069 11 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2069 12 Service Service NNP 12299 2069 13 on on IN 12299 2069 14 cross cross JJ 12299 2069 15 - - JJ 12299 2069 16 arms arm NNS 12299 2069 17 a a DT 12299 2069 18 special special JJ 12299 2069 19 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 2069 20 was be VBD 12299 2069 21 devised devise VBN 12299 2069 22 in in IN 12299 2069 23 which which WDT 12299 2069 24 the the DT 12299 2069 25 load load NN 12299 2069 26 was be VBD 12299 2069 27 distributed distribute VBN 12299 2069 28 along along IN 12299 2069 29 the the DT 12299 2069 30 arm arm NN 12299 2069 31 as as IN 12299 2069 32 in in IN 12299 2069 33 actual actual JJ 12299 2069 34 practice practice NN 12299 2069 35 . . . 12299 2070 1 The the DT 12299 2070 2 load load NN 12299 2070 3 was be VBD 12299 2070 4 applied apply VBN 12299 2070 5 by by IN 12299 2070 6 rods rod NNS 12299 2070 7 passing pass VBG 12299 2070 8 through through IN 12299 2070 9 the the DT 12299 2070 10 pinholes pinhole NNS 12299 2070 11 in in IN 12299 2070 12 the the DT 12299 2070 13 arms arm NNS 12299 2070 14 . . . 12299 2071 1 Nuts nut NNS 12299 2071 2 on on IN 12299 2071 3 these these DT 12299 2071 4 rods rod NNS 12299 2071 5 pulled pull VBD 12299 2071 6 down down RP 12299 2071 7 on on IN 12299 2071 8 the the DT 12299 2071 9 wooden wooden JJ 12299 2071 10 bearing bearing NN 12299 2071 11 - - HYPH 12299 2071 12 blocks block NNS 12299 2071 13 shaped shape VBN 12299 2071 14 to to TO 12299 2071 15 fit fit VB 12299 2071 16 the the DT 12299 2071 17 upper upper JJ 12299 2071 18 side side NN 12299 2071 19 of of IN 12299 2071 20 the the DT 12299 2071 21 arm arm NN 12299 2071 22 . . . 12299 2072 1 The the DT 12299 2072 2 lower low JJR 12299 2072 3 ends end NNS 12299 2072 4 of of IN 12299 2072 5 these these DT 12299 2072 6 rods rod NNS 12299 2072 7 were be VBD 12299 2072 8 attached attach VBN 12299 2072 9 to to IN 12299 2072 10 a a DT 12299 2072 11 system system NN 12299 2072 12 of of IN 12299 2072 13 equalizing equalize VBG 12299 2072 14 levers lever NNS 12299 2072 15 , , , 12299 2072 16 so so RB 12299 2072 17 arranged arrange VBD 12299 2072 18 that that IN 12299 2072 19 the the DT 12299 2072 20 load load NN 12299 2072 21 at at IN 12299 2072 22 each each DT 12299 2072 23 pinhole pinhole NN 12299 2072 24 would would MD 12299 2072 25 be be VB 12299 2072 26 the the DT 12299 2072 27 same same JJ 12299 2072 28 . . . 12299 2073 1 In in IN 12299 2073 2 all all PDT 12299 2073 3 the the DT 12299 2073 4 tests test NNS 12299 2073 5 the the DT 12299 2073 6 load load NN 12299 2073 7 was be VBD 12299 2073 8 applied apply VBN 12299 2073 9 vertically vertically RB 12299 2073 10 by by IN 12299 2073 11 means mean NNS 12299 2073 12 of of IN 12299 2073 13 the the DT 12299 2073 14 static static JJ 12299 2073 15 machine machine NN 12299 2073 16 . . . 12299 2074 1 See see VB 12299 2074 2 Cir Cir NNP 12299 2074 3 . . . 12299 2075 1 204 204 CD 12299 2075 2 , , , 12299 2075 3 U.S.F.S. U.S.F.S. NNP 12299 2076 1 : : : 12299 2076 2 Strength strength NN 12299 2076 3 tests test NNS 12299 2076 4 of of IN 12299 2076 5 cross cross JJ 12299 2076 6 - - NN 12299 2076 7 arms arm NNS 12299 2076 8 . . . 12299 2077 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2077 2 Other Other NNP 12299 2077 3 Tests Tests NNPS 12299 2077 4 _ _ IN 12299 2077 5 Many many JJ 12299 2077 6 other other JJ 12299 2077 7 kinds kind NNS 12299 2077 8 of of IN 12299 2077 9 tests test NNS 12299 2077 10 are be VBP 12299 2077 11 made make VBN 12299 2077 12 as as IN 12299 2077 13 occasion occasion NN 12299 2077 14 demands demand NNS 12299 2077 15 . . . 12299 2078 1 One one CD 12299 2078 2 kind kind NN 12299 2078 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 2078 4 of of IN 12299 2078 5 barrels barrel NNS 12299 2078 6 and and CC 12299 2078 7 liquid liquid JJ 12299 2078 8 containers container NNS 12299 2078 9 , , , 12299 2078 10 match match NN 12299 2078 11 - - HYPH 12299 2078 12 boxes box NNS 12299 2078 13 , , , 12299 2078 14 and and CC 12299 2078 15 explosive explosive JJ 12299 2078 16 containers container NNS 12299 2078 17 . . . 12299 2079 1 These these DT 12299 2079 2 articles article NNS 12299 2079 3 are be VBP 12299 2079 4 subjected subject VBN 12299 2079 5 to to IN 12299 2079 6 shocks shock NNS 12299 2079 7 such such JJ 12299 2079 8 as as IN 12299 2079 9 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2079 10 would would MD 12299 2079 11 receive receive VB 12299 2079 12 in in IN 12299 2079 13 transit transit NN 12299 2079 14 and and CC 12299 2079 15 in in IN 12299 2079 16 handling handling NN 12299 2079 17 , , , 12299 2079 18 and and CC 12299 2079 19 also also RB 12299 2079 20 to to IN 12299 2079 21 hydraulic hydraulic JJ 12299 2079 22 pressure pressure NN 12299 2079 23 . . . 12299 2080 1 One one CD 12299 2080 2 of of IN 12299 2080 3 the the DT 12299 2080 4 most most RBS 12299 2080 5 important important JJ 12299 2080 6 tests test NNS 12299 2080 7 from from IN 12299 2080 8 a a DT 12299 2080 9 practical practical JJ 12299 2080 10 standpoint standpoint NN 12299 2080 11 is be VBZ 12299 2080 12 that that DT 12299 2080 13 of of IN 12299 2080 14 built build VBN 12299 2080 15 - - HYPH 12299 2080 16 up up RP 12299 2080 17 structures structure NNS 12299 2080 18 such such JJ 12299 2080 19 as as IN 12299 2080 20 compounded compound VBN 12299 2080 21 beams beam NNS 12299 2080 22 composed compose VBN 12299 2080 23 of of IN 12299 2080 24 small small JJ 12299 2080 25 pieces piece NNS 12299 2080 26 bolted bolt VBN 12299 2080 27 together together RB 12299 2080 28 , , , 12299 2080 29 mortised mortised JJ 12299 2080 30 joints joint NNS 12299 2080 31 , , , 12299 2080 32 wooden wooden JJ 12299 2080 33 trusses truss NNS 12299 2080 34 , , , 12299 2080 35 etc etc FW 12299 2080 36 . . . 12299 2081 1 Tests test NNS 12299 2081 2 of of IN 12299 2081 3 this this DT 12299 2081 4 kind kind NN 12299 2081 5 can can MD 12299 2081 6 best best RB 12299 2081 7 be be VB 12299 2081 8 worked work VBN 12299 2081 9 out out RP 12299 2081 10 according accord VBG 12299 2081 11 to to IN 12299 2081 12 the the DT 12299 2081 13 specific specific JJ 12299 2081 14 requirements requirement NNS 12299 2081 15 in in IN 12299 2081 16 each each DT 12299 2081 17 case case NN 12299 2081 18 . . . 12299 2082 1 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 12299 2082 2 SAMPLE SAMPLE NNP 12299 2082 3 WORKING working NN 12299 2082 4 PLAN plan NN 12299 2082 5 OF of IN 12299 2082 6 THE the DT 12299 2082 7 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2082 8 FOREST FOREST NNP 12299 2082 9 SERVICE SERVICE NNP 12299 2082 10 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 2082 11 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 2082 12 OF of IN 12299 2082 13 WOODS woods NN 12299 2082 14 GROWN grow VBN 12299 2082 15 IN in IN 12299 2082 16 THE the DT 12299 2082 17 UNITED UNITED NNP 12299 2082 18 STATES state NNS 12299 2082 19 Working Working NNP 12299 2082 20 Plan Plan NNP 12299 2082 21 No no UH 12299 2082 22 . . . 12299 2083 1 124 124 CD 12299 2083 2 PURPOSE purpose NN 12299 2083 3 OF of IN 12299 2083 4 WORK WORK NNP 12299 2083 5 It -PRON- PRP 12299 2083 6 is be VBZ 12299 2083 7 the the DT 12299 2083 8 general general JJ 12299 2083 9 purpose purpose NN 12299 2083 10 of of IN 12299 2083 11 the the DT 12299 2083 12 work work NN 12299 2083 13 here here RB 12299 2083 14 outlined outline VBD 12299 2083 15 to to TO 12299 2083 16 provide provide VB 12299 2083 17 : : : 12299 2083 18 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2083 19 _ _ NNP 12299 2083 20 a a DT 12299 2083 21 _ _ NNP 12299 2083 22 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2083 23 Reliable reliable JJ 12299 2083 24 data datum NNS 12299 2083 25 for for IN 12299 2083 26 comparing compare VBG 12299 2083 27 the the DT 12299 2083 28 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2083 29 properties property NNS 12299 2083 30 of of IN 12299 2083 31 various various JJ 12299 2083 32 species specie NNS 12299 2083 33 ; ; : 12299 2083 34 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2083 35 _ _ NNP 12299 2083 36 b b NNP 12299 2083 37 _ _ NNP 12299 2083 38 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2083 39 Data Data NNP 12299 2083 40 for for IN 12299 2083 41 the the DT 12299 2083 42 establishment establishment NN 12299 2083 43 of of IN 12299 2083 44 correct correct JJ 12299 2083 45 strength strength NN 12299 2083 46 functions function NNS 12299 2083 47 or or CC 12299 2083 48 working working NN 12299 2083 49 stresses stress NNS 12299 2083 50 ; ; , 12299 2083 51 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2083 52 _ _ NNP 12299 2083 53 c c NNP 12299 2083 54 _ _ NNP 12299 2083 55 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2083 56 Data Data NNP 12299 2083 57 upon upon IN 12299 2083 58 which which WDT 12299 2083 59 may may MD 12299 2083 60 be be VB 12299 2083 61 based base VBN 12299 2083 62 analyses analysis NNS 12299 2083 63 of of IN 12299 2083 64 the the DT 12299 2083 65 influence influence NN 12299 2083 66 on on IN 12299 2083 67 the the DT 12299 2083 68 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2083 69 properties property NNS 12299 2083 70 of of IN 12299 2083 71 such such JJ 12299 2083 72 factors factor NNS 12299 2083 73 as as IN 12299 2083 74 : : : 12299 2083 75 Locality Locality NNP 12299 2083 76 ; ; : 12299 2083 77 Distance Distance NNP 12299 2083 78 of of IN 12299 2083 79 timber timber NN 12299 2083 80 from from IN 12299 2083 81 the the DT 12299 2083 82 pith pith NN 12299 2083 83 of of IN 12299 2083 84 the the DT 12299 2083 85 tree tree NN 12299 2083 86 ; ; : 12299 2083 87 Height height NN 12299 2083 88 of of IN 12299 2083 89 timber timber NN 12299 2083 90 in in IN 12299 2083 91 the the DT 12299 2083 92 tree tree NN 12299 2083 93 ; ; : 12299 2083 94 Change change VB 12299 2083 95 from from IN 12299 2083 96 the the DT 12299 2083 97 green green NN 12299 2083 98 to to IN 12299 2083 99 the the DT 12299 2083 100 air air NN 12299 2083 101 - - HYPH 12299 2083 102 dried dry VBN 12299 2083 103 condition condition NN 12299 2083 104 , , , 12299 2083 105 etc etc FW 12299 2083 106 . . . 12299 2084 1 The the DT 12299 2084 2 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2084 3 properties property NNS 12299 2084 4 which which WDT 12299 2084 5 will will MD 12299 2084 6 be be VB 12299 2084 7 considered consider VBN 12299 2084 8 and and CC 12299 2084 9 the the DT 12299 2084 10 principal principal JJ 12299 2084 11 tests test NNS 12299 2084 12 used use VBN 12299 2084 13 to to TO 12299 2084 14 determine determine VB 12299 2084 15 them -PRON- PRP 12299 2084 16 are be VBP 12299 2084 17 as as IN 12299 2084 18 follows follow VBZ 12299 2084 19 : : : 12299 2084 20 Strength strength NN 12299 2084 21 and and CC 12299 2084 22 stiffness-- stiffness-- JJ 12299 2084 23 Static static JJ 12299 2084 24 bending bending NN 12299 2084 25 ; ; : 12299 2084 26 Compression compression NN 12299 2084 27 parallel parallel JJ 12299 2084 28 to to IN 12299 2084 29 grain grain NN 12299 2084 30 ; ; : 12299 2084 31 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2084 32 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 2084 33 to to IN 12299 2084 34 grain grain NN 12299 2084 35 ; ; : 12299 2084 36 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2084 37 . . . 12299 2085 1 Toughness-- Toughness-- NNP 12299 2085 2 Impact Impact NNP 12299 2085 3 bending bend VBG 12299 2085 4 ; ; : 12299 2085 5 Static static JJ 12299 2085 6 bending bending NN 12299 2085 7 ; ; : 12299 2085 8 Work work NN 12299 2085 9 to to IN 12299 2085 10 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2085 11 load load NN 12299 2085 12 and and CC 12299 2085 13 total total NN 12299 2085 14 work work NN 12299 2085 15 . . . 12299 2086 1 Cleavability-- Cleavability-- NNP 12299 2086 2 Cleavage cleavage NN 12299 2086 3 test test NN 12299 2086 4 . . . 12299 2087 1 Hardness-- Hardness-- NNP 12299 2087 2 Modification Modification NNP 12299 2087 3 of of IN 12299 2087 4 Janka Janka NNP 12299 2087 5 ball ball NN 12299 2087 6 test test NN 12299 2087 7 for for IN 12299 2087 8 surface surface NN 12299 2087 9 hardness hardness NN 12299 2087 10 . . . 12299 2088 1 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 2088 2 _ _ NNP 12299 2088 3 Selection Selection NNP 12299 2088 4 and and CC 12299 2088 5 Number Number NNP 12299 2088 6 of of IN 12299 2088 7 Trees Trees NNP 12299 2088 8 _ _ NNP 12299 2088 9 The the DT 12299 2088 10 material material NN 12299 2088 11 will will MD 12299 2088 12 be be VB 12299 2088 13 from from IN 12299 2088 14 trees tree NNS 12299 2088 15 selected select VBN 12299 2088 16 in in IN 12299 2088 17 the the DT 12299 2088 18 forest forest NN 12299 2088 19 by by IN 12299 2088 20 one one CD 12299 2088 21 qualified qualified NN 12299 2088 22 to to TO 12299 2088 23 determine determine VB 12299 2088 24 the the DT 12299 2088 25 species specie NNS 12299 2088 26 . . . 12299 2089 1 From from IN 12299 2089 2 each each DT 12299 2089 3 locality locality NN 12299 2089 4 , , , 12299 2089 5 three three CD 12299 2089 6 to to TO 12299 2089 7 five five CD 12299 2089 8 dominant dominant JJ 12299 2089 9 trees tree NNS 12299 2089 10 of of IN 12299 2089 11 merchantable merchantable JJ 12299 2089 12 size size NN 12299 2089 13 and and CC 12299 2089 14 approximately approximately RB 12299 2089 15 average average JJ 12299 2089 16 age age NN 12299 2089 17 will will MD 12299 2089 18 be be VB 12299 2089 19 so so RB 12299 2089 20 chosen choose VBN 12299 2089 21 as as IN 12299 2089 22 to to TO 12299 2089 23 be be VB 12299 2089 24 representative representative JJ 12299 2089 25 of of IN 12299 2089 26 the the DT 12299 2089 27 dominant dominant JJ 12299 2089 28 trees tree NNS 12299 2089 29 of of IN 12299 2089 30 the the DT 12299 2089 31 species specie NNS 12299 2089 32 . . . 12299 2090 1 Each each DT 12299 2090 2 species specie NNS 12299 2090 3 will will MD 12299 2090 4 eventually eventually RB 12299 2090 5 be be VB 12299 2090 6 represented represent VBN 12299 2090 7 by by IN 12299 2090 8 trees tree NNS 12299 2090 9 from from IN 12299 2090 10 five five CD 12299 2090 11 to to TO 12299 2090 12 ten ten CD 12299 2090 13 localities locality NNS 12299 2090 14 . . . 12299 2091 1 These these DT 12299 2091 2 localities locality NNS 12299 2091 3 will will MD 12299 2091 4 be be VB 12299 2091 5 so so RB 12299 2091 6 chosen choose VBN 12299 2091 7 as as IN 12299 2091 8 to to TO 12299 2091 9 be be VB 12299 2091 10 representative representative JJ 12299 2091 11 of of IN 12299 2091 12 the the DT 12299 2091 13 commercial commercial JJ 12299 2091 14 range range NN 12299 2091 15 of of IN 12299 2091 16 the the DT 12299 2091 17 species specie NNS 12299 2091 18 . . . 12299 2092 1 Trees tree NNS 12299 2092 2 from from IN 12299 2092 3 one one CD 12299 2092 4 to to IN 12299 2092 5 three three CD 12299 2092 6 localities locality NNS 12299 2092 7 will will MD 12299 2092 8 be be VB 12299 2092 9 used use VBN 12299 2092 10 to to TO 12299 2092 11 represent represent VB 12299 2092 12 each each DT 12299 2092 13 species specie NNS 12299 2092 14 until until IN 12299 2092 15 most most JJS 12299 2092 16 of of IN 12299 2092 17 the the DT 12299 2092 18 important important JJ 12299 2092 19 species specie NNS 12299 2092 20 have have VBP 12299 2092 21 been be VBN 12299 2092 22 tested test VBN 12299 2092 23 . . . 12299 2093 1 The the DT 12299 2093 2 16-foot 16-foot CD 12299 2093 3 butt butt NN 12299 2093 4 log log NN 12299 2093 5 will will MD 12299 2093 6 be be VB 12299 2093 7 taken take VBN 12299 2093 8 from from IN 12299 2093 9 each each DT 12299 2093 10 tree tree NN 12299 2093 11 selected select VBN 12299 2093 12 and and CC 12299 2093 13 the the DT 12299 2093 14 entire entire JJ 12299 2093 15 merchantable merchantable JJ 12299 2093 16 hole hole NN 12299 2093 17 of of IN 12299 2093 18 one one CD 12299 2093 19 average average JJ 12299 2093 20 tree tree NN 12299 2093 21 for for IN 12299 2093 22 each each DT 12299 2093 23 species specie NNS 12299 2093 24 . . . 12299 2094 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2094 2 Field Field NNP 12299 2094 3 Notes Notes NNPS 12299 2094 4 and and CC 12299 2094 5 Shipping Shipping NNP 12299 2094 6 Instructions Instructions NNPS 12299 2094 7 _ _ NNP 12299 2094 8 Field Field NNP 12299 2094 9 notes note VBZ 12299 2094 10 as as IN 12299 2094 11 outlined outline VBN 12299 2094 12 in in IN 12299 2094 13 Form--_a Form--_a NNP 12299 2094 14 _ _ NNP 12299 2094 15 Shipment Shipment NNP 12299 2094 16 Description Description NNP 12299 2094 17 , , , 12299 2094 18 Manual Manual NNP 12299 2094 19 of of IN 12299 2094 20 the the DT 12299 2094 21 Branch Branch NNP 12299 2094 22 of of IN 12299 2094 23 Products Products NNPS 12299 2094 24 , , , 12299 2094 25 will will MD 12299 2094 26 be be VB 12299 2094 27 fully fully RB 12299 2094 28 and and CC 12299 2094 29 carefully carefully RB 12299 2094 30 made make VBN 12299 2094 31 by by IN 12299 2094 32 the the DT 12299 2094 33 collector collector NN 12299 2094 34 . . . 12299 2095 1 The the DT 12299 2095 2 age age NN 12299 2095 3 of of IN 12299 2095 4 each each DT 12299 2095 5 tree tree NN 12299 2095 6 selected select VBN 12299 2095 7 will will MD 12299 2095 8 be be VB 12299 2095 9 recorded record VBN 12299 2095 10 and and CC 12299 2095 11 any any DT 12299 2095 12 other other JJ 12299 2095 13 information information NN 12299 2095 14 likely likely JJ 12299 2095 15 to to TO 12299 2095 16 be be VB 12299 2095 17 of of IN 12299 2095 18 interest interest NN 12299 2095 19 or or CC 12299 2095 20 importance importance NN 12299 2095 21 will will MD 12299 2095 22 also also RB 12299 2095 23 be be VB 12299 2095 24 made make VBN 12299 2095 25 a a DT 12299 2095 26 part part NN 12299 2095 27 of of IN 12299 2095 28 these these DT 12299 2095 29 field field NN 12299 2095 30 notes note NNS 12299 2095 31 . . . 12299 2096 1 Each each DT 12299 2096 2 log log NN 12299 2096 3 will will MD 12299 2096 4 have have VB 12299 2096 5 the the DT 12299 2096 6 bark bark NN 12299 2096 7 left leave VBN 12299 2096 8 on on RP 12299 2096 9 . . . 12299 2097 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 2097 2 will will MD 12299 2097 3 be be VB 12299 2097 4 plainly plainly RB 12299 2097 5 marked mark VBN 12299 2097 6 in in IN 12299 2097 7 accordance accordance NN 12299 2097 8 with with IN 12299 2097 9 directions direction NNS 12299 2097 10 given give VBN 12299 2097 11 under under IN 12299 2097 12 Detailed detailed JJ 12299 2097 13 Instructions instruction NNS 12299 2097 14 . . . 12299 2098 1 All all DT 12299 2098 2 material material NN 12299 2098 3 will will MD 12299 2098 4 be be VB 12299 2098 5 shipped ship VBN 12299 2098 6 to to IN 12299 2098 7 the the DT 12299 2098 8 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2098 9 immediately immediately RB 12299 2098 10 after after IN 12299 2098 11 being be VBG 12299 2098 12 cut cut VBN 12299 2098 13 . . . 12299 2099 1 No no DT 12299 2099 2 trees tree NNS 12299 2099 3 will will MD 12299 2099 4 be be VB 12299 2099 5 cut cut VBN 12299 2099 6 until until IN 12299 2099 7 the the DT 12299 2099 8 collector collector NN 12299 2099 9 is be VBZ 12299 2099 10 notified notify VBN 12299 2099 11 that that IN 12299 2099 12 the the DT 12299 2099 13 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2099 14 is be VBZ 12299 2099 15 ready ready JJ 12299 2099 16 to to TO 12299 2099 17 receive receive VB 12299 2099 18 the the DT 12299 2099 19 material material NN 12299 2099 20 . . . 12299 2100 1 DETAILED detailed JJ 12299 2100 2 INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUCTIONS NNP 12299 2100 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2100 4 Part part NN 12299 2100 5 of of IN 12299 2100 6 Tree Tree NNP 12299 2100 7 to to TO 12299 2100 8 be be VB 12299 2100 9 Tested test VBN 12299 2100 10 _ _ NNP 12299 2100 11 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2100 12 _ _ NNP 12299 2100 13 a a DT 12299 2100 14 _ _ NNP 12299 2100 15 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2100 16 For for IN 12299 2100 17 determining determine VBG 12299 2100 18 the the DT 12299 2100 19 value value NN 12299 2100 20 of of IN 12299 2100 21 tree tree NN 12299 2100 22 and and CC 12299 2100 23 locality locality NN 12299 2100 24 and and CC 12299 2100 25 the the DT 12299 2100 26 influence influence NN 12299 2100 27 on on IN 12299 2100 28 the the DT 12299 2100 29 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2100 30 properties property NNS 12299 2100 31 of of IN 12299 2100 32 distance distance NN 12299 2100 33 from from IN 12299 2100 34 the the DT 12299 2100 35 pith pith NNP 12299 2100 36 , , , 12299 2100 37 a a DT 12299 2100 38 4-foot 4-foot CD 12299 2100 39 bolt bolt NN 12299 2100 40 will will MD 12299 2100 41 be be VB 12299 2100 42 cut cut VBN 12299 2100 43 from from IN 12299 2100 44 the the DT 12299 2100 45 top top JJ 12299 2100 46 end end NN 12299 2100 47 of of IN 12299 2100 48 each each DT 12299 2100 49 16-foot 16-foot CD 12299 2100 50 butt butt NN 12299 2100 51 log log NN 12299 2100 52 . . . 12299 2101 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2101 2 _ _ NNP 12299 2101 3 b b NNP 12299 2101 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2101 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2101 6 For for IN 12299 2101 7 investigating investigate VBG 12299 2101 8 the the DT 12299 2101 9 variation variation NN 12299 2101 10 of of IN 12299 2101 11 properties property NNS 12299 2101 12 with with IN 12299 2101 13 the the DT 12299 2101 14 height height NN 12299 2101 15 of of IN 12299 2101 16 timber timber NN 12299 2101 17 in in IN 12299 2101 18 the the DT 12299 2101 19 tree tree NN 12299 2101 20 , , , 12299 2101 21 all all PDT 12299 2101 22 the the DT 12299 2101 23 logs log NNS 12299 2101 24 from from IN 12299 2101 25 one one CD 12299 2101 26 average average JJ 12299 2101 27 tree tree NN 12299 2101 28 will will MD 12299 2101 29 be be VB 12299 2101 30 used use VBN 12299 2101 31 . . . 12299 2102 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2102 2 _ _ NNP 12299 2102 3 c c NNP 12299 2102 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2102 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2102 6 For for IN 12299 2102 7 investigating investigate VBG 12299 2102 8 the the DT 12299 2102 9 effect effect NN 12299 2102 10 of of IN 12299 2102 11 drying dry VBG 12299 2102 12 the the DT 12299 2102 13 wood wood NN 12299 2102 14 , , , 12299 2102 15 the the DT 12299 2102 16 bolt bolt NN 12299 2102 17 next next RB 12299 2102 18 below below IN 12299 2102 19 that that DT 12299 2102 20 provided provide VBN 12299 2102 21 for for IN 12299 2102 22 in in IN 12299 2102 23 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2102 24 _ _ NNP 12299 2102 25 a a DT 12299 2102 26 _ _ NNP 12299 2102 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2102 28 will will MD 12299 2102 29 be be VB 12299 2102 30 used use VBN 12299 2102 31 in in IN 12299 2102 32 the the DT 12299 2102 33 case case NN 12299 2102 34 of of IN 12299 2102 35 one one CD 12299 2102 36 tree tree NN 12299 2102 37 from from IN 12299 2102 38 each each DT 12299 2102 39 locality locality NN 12299 2102 40 . . . 12299 2103 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2103 2 Marking Marking NNP 12299 2103 3 and and CC 12299 2103 4 Grouping Grouping NNP 12299 2103 5 of of IN 12299 2103 6 Material Material NNP 12299 2103 7 _ _ NNP 12299 2103 8 The the DT 12299 2103 9 marking marking NN 12299 2103 10 will will MD 12299 2103 11 be be VB 12299 2103 12 standard standard JJ 12299 2103 13 except except IN 12299 2103 14 as as IN 12299 2103 15 noted note VBN 12299 2103 16 . . . 12299 2104 1 Each each DT 12299 2104 2 log log NN 12299 2104 3 will will MD 12299 2104 4 be be VB 12299 2104 5 considered consider VBN 12299 2104 6 a a DT 12299 2104 7 " " `` 12299 2104 8 piece piece NN 12299 2104 9 . . . 12299 2104 10 " " '' 12299 2105 1 The the DT 12299 2105 2 piece piece NN 12299 2105 3 numbers number NNS 12299 2105 4 will will MD 12299 2105 5 be be VB 12299 2105 6 plainly plainly RB 12299 2105 7 marked mark VBN 12299 2105 8 upon upon IN 12299 2105 9 the the DT 12299 2105 10 butt butt NN 12299 2105 11 end end NN 12299 2105 12 of of IN 12299 2105 13 each each DT 12299 2105 14 log log NN 12299 2105 15 by by IN 12299 2105 16 the the DT 12299 2105 17 collector collector NN 12299 2105 18 . . . 12299 2106 1 The the DT 12299 2106 2 north north NN 12299 2106 3 side side NN 12299 2106 4 of of IN 12299 2106 5 each each DT 12299 2106 6 log log NN 12299 2106 7 will will MD 12299 2106 8 also also RB 12299 2106 9 be be VB 12299 2106 10 marked mark VBN 12299 2106 11 . . . 12299 2107 1 When when WRB 12299 2107 2 only only RB 12299 2107 3 one one CD 12299 2107 4 bolt bolt NN 12299 2107 5 from from IN 12299 2107 6 a a DT 12299 2107 7 tree tree NN 12299 2107 8 is be VBZ 12299 2107 9 used use VBN 12299 2107 10 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2107 11 will will MD 12299 2107 12 be be VB 12299 2107 13 designated designate VBN 12299 2107 14 by by IN 12299 2107 15 the the DT 12299 2107 16 number number NN 12299 2107 17 of of IN 12299 2107 18 the the DT 12299 2107 19 log log NN 12299 2107 20 from from IN 12299 2107 21 which which WDT 12299 2107 22 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2107 23 is be VBZ 12299 2107 24 cut cut VBN 12299 2107 25 . . . 12299 2108 1 Whenever whenever WRB 12299 2108 2 more more JJR 12299 2108 3 than than IN 12299 2108 4 one one CD 12299 2108 5 bolt bolt NN 12299 2108 6 is be VBZ 12299 2108 7 taken take VBN 12299 2108 8 from from IN 12299 2108 9 a a DT 12299 2108 10 tree tree NN 12299 2108 11 , , , 12299 2108 12 each each DT 12299 2108 13 4-foot 4-foot CD 12299 2108 14 bolt bolt NN 12299 2108 15 or or CC 12299 2108 16 length length NN 12299 2108 17 of of IN 12299 2108 18 trunk trunk NN 12299 2108 19 will will MD 12299 2108 20 be be VB 12299 2108 21 given give VBN 12299 2108 22 a a DT 12299 2108 23 letter letter NN 12299 2108 24 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2108 25 mark mark NNP 12299 2108 26 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2108 27 , , , 12299 2108 28 _ _ NNP 12299 2108 29 a a NNP 12299 2108 30 , , , 12299 2108 31 b b NN 12299 2108 32 , , , 12299 2108 33 c c NNP 12299 2108 34 , , , 12299 2108 35 _ _ NNP 12299 2108 36 etc etc FW 12299 2108 37 . . . 12299 2108 38 , , , 12299 2108 39 beginning begin VBG 12299 2108 40 at at IN 12299 2108 41 the the DT 12299 2108 42 stump stump NN 12299 2108 43 . . . 12299 2109 1 All all DT 12299 2109 2 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2109 3 will will MD 12299 2109 4 be be VB 12299 2109 5 sawed saw VBN 12299 2109 6 into into IN 12299 2109 7 2 2 CD 12299 2109 8 - - SYM 12299 2109 9 1/2 1/2 CD 12299 2109 10 " " `` 12299 2109 11 X x NN 12299 2109 12 2 2 CD 12299 2109 13 - - HYPH 12299 2109 14 1/2 1/2 CD 12299 2109 15 " " '' 12299 2109 16 sticks stick NNS 12299 2109 17 and and CC 12299 2109 18 the the DT 12299 2109 19 sticks stick NNS 12299 2109 20 marked mark VBD 12299 2109 21 according accord VBG 12299 2109 22 to to IN 12299 2109 23 the the DT 12299 2109 24 sketch sketch NN 12299 2109 25 , , , 12299 2109 26 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2109 27 . . . 12299 2110 1 50 50 CD 12299 2110 2 . . . 12299 2111 1 The the DT 12299 2111 2 letters letter NNS 12299 2111 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 4 N N NNP 12299 2111 5 , , , 12299 2111 6 E E NNP 12299 2111 7 , , , 12299 2111 8 S S NNP 12299 2111 9 , , , 12299 2111 10 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 11 and and CC 12299 2111 12 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 13 W W NNP 12299 2111 14 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 15 indicate indicate VBP 12299 2111 16 the the DT 12299 2111 17 cardinal cardinal JJ 12299 2111 18 points point NNS 12299 2111 19 when when WRB 12299 2111 20 known know VBN 12299 2111 21 ; ; : 12299 2111 22 when when WRB 12299 2111 23 these these DT 12299 2111 24 are be VBP 12299 2111 25 unknown unknown JJ 12299 2111 26 , , , 12299 2111 27 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 28 H H NNP 12299 2111 29 , , , 12299 2111 30 K K NNP 12299 2111 31 , , , 12299 2111 32 L L NNP 12299 2111 33 , , , 12299 2111 34 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 35 and and CC 12299 2111 36 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 37 M M NNP 12299 2111 38 _ _ NNP 12299 2111 39 will will MD 12299 2111 40 be be VB 12299 2111 41 used use VBN 12299 2111 42 . . . 12299 2112 1 Thus thus RB 12299 2112 2 , , , 12299 2112 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2112 4 N5 N5 NNP 12299 2112 5 , , , 12299 2112 6 K8 K8 NNP 12299 2112 7 , , , 12299 2112 8 S7 S7 NNP 12299 2112 9 , , , 12299 2112 10 M4 M4 NNP 12299 2112 11 _ _ NNP 12299 2112 12 are be VBP 12299 2112 13 stick stick NN 12299 2112 14 numbers number NNS 12299 2112 15 , , , 12299 2112 16 the the DT 12299 2112 17 letter letter NN 12299 2112 18 being be VBG 12299 2112 19 a a DT 12299 2112 20 part part NN 12299 2112 21 of of IN 12299 2112 22 the the DT 12299 2112 23 stick stick NN 12299 2112 24 number number NN 12299 2112 25 . . . 12299 2113 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2113 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 2113 3 : : : 12299 2113 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 2113 5 . . . 12299 2114 1 50.--Method 50.--method CD 12299 2114 2 of of IN 12299 2114 3 cutting cut VBG 12299 2114 4 and and CC 12299 2114 5 marking mark VBG 12299 2114 6 test test NN 12299 2114 7 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2114 8 . . . 12299 2114 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2115 1 Only only RB 12299 2115 2 straight straight RB 12299 2115 3 - - HYPH 12299 2115 4 grained grain VBN 12299 2115 5 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2115 6 , , , 12299 2115 7 free free JJ 12299 2115 8 from from IN 12299 2115 9 defects defect NNS 12299 2115 10 which which WDT 12299 2115 11 will will MD 12299 2115 12 affect affect VB 12299 2115 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2115 14 strength strength NN 12299 2115 15 , , , 12299 2115 16 will will MD 12299 2115 17 be be VB 12299 2115 18 tested test VBN 12299 2115 19 . . . 12299 2116 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2116 2 Care Care NNP 12299 2116 3 of of IN 12299 2116 4 Material Material NNP 12299 2116 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2116 6 No no DT 12299 2116 7 material material NN 12299 2116 8 will will MD 12299 2116 9 be be VB 12299 2116 10 kept keep VBN 12299 2116 11 in in IN 12299 2116 12 the the DT 12299 2116 13 bolt bolt NN 12299 2116 14 or or CC 12299 2116 15 log log VB 12299 2116 16 long long RB 12299 2116 17 enough enough RB 12299 2116 18 to to TO 12299 2116 19 be be VB 12299 2116 20 damaged damage VBN 12299 2116 21 or or CC 12299 2116 22 disfigured disfigure VBN 12299 2116 23 by by IN 12299 2116 24 checks check NNS 12299 2116 25 , , , 12299 2116 26 rot rot VB 12299 2116 27 , , , 12299 2116 28 or or CC 12299 2116 29 stains stain NNS 12299 2116 30 . . . 12299 2117 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2117 2 Green Green NNP 12299 2117 3 material material NN 12299 2117 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2117 5 : : : 12299 2117 6 The the DT 12299 2117 7 material material NN 12299 2117 8 to to TO 12299 2117 9 be be VB 12299 2117 10 tested test VBN 12299 2117 11 green green JJ 12299 2117 12 will will MD 12299 2117 13 be be VB 12299 2117 14 kept keep VBN 12299 2117 15 in in IN 12299 2117 16 a a DT 12299 2117 17 green green JJ 12299 2117 18 state state NN 12299 2117 19 by by IN 12299 2117 20 being be VBG 12299 2117 21 submerged submerge VBN 12299 2117 22 in in IN 12299 2117 23 water water NN 12299 2117 24 until until IN 12299 2117 25 near near IN 12299 2117 26 the the DT 12299 2117 27 time time NN 12299 2117 28 of of IN 12299 2117 29 test test NN 12299 2117 30 . . . 12299 2118 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 2118 2 will will MD 12299 2118 3 then then RB 12299 2118 4 be be VB 12299 2118 5 surfaced surface VBN 12299 2118 6 , , , 12299 2118 7 sawed saw VBN 12299 2118 8 to to TO 12299 2118 9 length length VB 12299 2118 10 , , , 12299 2118 11 and and CC 12299 2118 12 stored store VBN 12299 2118 13 in in IN 12299 2118 14 damp damp NN 12299 2118 15 sawdust sawdust NNP 12299 2118 16 at at IN 12299 2118 17 a a DT 12299 2118 18 temperature temperature NN 12299 2118 19 of of IN 12299 2118 20 70 70 NNP 12299 2118 21 ° ° , 12299 2118 22 F F NNP 12299 2118 23 . . . 12299 2119 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2119 2 as as RB 12299 2119 3 nearly nearly RB 12299 2119 4 as as IN 12299 2119 5 practicable practicable JJ 12299 2119 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2119 7 until until IN 12299 2119 8 time time NN 12299 2119 9 of of IN 12299 2119 10 test test NN 12299 2119 11 . . . 12299 2120 1 Care care NN 12299 2120 2 should should MD 12299 2120 3 be be VB 12299 2120 4 taken take VBN 12299 2120 5 to to TO 12299 2120 6 avoid avoid VB 12299 2120 7 as as RB 12299 2120 8 much much RB 12299 2120 9 as as IN 12299 2120 10 possible possible JJ 12299 2120 11 the the DT 12299 2120 12 storage storage NN 12299 2120 13 of of IN 12299 2120 14 green green JJ 12299 2120 15 material material NN 12299 2120 16 in in IN 12299 2120 17 any any DT 12299 2120 18 form form NN 12299 2120 19 . . . 12299 2121 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2121 2 Air Air NNP 12299 2121 3 - - HYPH 12299 2121 4 dry dry NNP 12299 2121 5 material material NN 12299 2121 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2121 7 : : : 12299 2121 8 The the DT 12299 2121 9 material material NN 12299 2121 10 to to TO 12299 2121 11 be be VB 12299 2121 12 air air NN 12299 2121 13 - - HYPH 12299 2121 14 dried dry VBN 12299 2121 15 will will MD 12299 2121 16 be be VB 12299 2121 17 cut cut VBN 12299 2121 18 into into IN 12299 2121 19 sticks stick NNS 12299 2121 20 2 2 CD 12299 2121 21 - - HYPH 12299 2121 22 1/2 1/2 CD 12299 2121 23 " " `` 12299 2121 24 X x NN 12299 2121 25 2 2 CD 12299 2121 26 - - HYPH 12299 2121 27 1/2 1/2 CD 12299 2121 28 " " `` 12299 2121 29 X x NN 12299 2121 30 4 4 CD 12299 2121 31 ' ' '' 12299 2121 32 . . . 12299 2122 1 The the DT 12299 2122 2 ends end NNS 12299 2122 3 of of IN 12299 2122 4 these these DT 12299 2122 5 sticks stick NNS 12299 2122 6 will will MD 12299 2122 7 be be VB 12299 2122 8 paraffined paraffine VBN 12299 2122 9 to to TO 12299 2122 10 prevent prevent VB 12299 2122 11 checking checking NN 12299 2122 12 . . . 12299 2123 1 This this DT 12299 2123 2 material material NN 12299 2123 3 will will MD 12299 2123 4 be be VB 12299 2123 5 so so RB 12299 2123 6 piled pile VBN 12299 2123 7 as as IN 12299 2123 8 to to TO 12299 2123 9 leave leave VB 12299 2123 10 an an DT 12299 2123 11 air air NN 12299 2123 12 space space NN 12299 2123 13 of of IN 12299 2123 14 at at RB 12299 2123 15 least least JJS 12299 2123 16 one one CD 12299 2123 17 - - HYPH 12299 2123 18 half half NN 12299 2123 19 inch inch NN 12299 2123 20 on on IN 12299 2123 21 each each DT 12299 2123 22 side side NN 12299 2123 23 of of IN 12299 2123 24 each each DT 12299 2123 25 stick stick NN 12299 2123 26 , , , 12299 2123 27 and and CC 12299 2123 28 in in IN 12299 2123 29 such such PDT 12299 2123 30 a a DT 12299 2123 31 place place NN 12299 2123 32 that that WDT 12299 2123 33 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2123 34 will will MD 12299 2123 35 be be VB 12299 2123 36 protected protect VBN 12299 2123 37 from from IN 12299 2123 38 sunshine sunshine NN 12299 2123 39 , , , 12299 2123 40 rain rain NN 12299 2123 41 , , , 12299 2123 42 snow snow NN 12299 2123 43 , , , 12299 2123 44 and and CC 12299 2123 45 moisture moisture NN 12299 2123 46 from from IN 12299 2123 47 the the DT 12299 2123 48 ground ground NN 12299 2123 49 . . . 12299 2124 1 The the DT 12299 2124 2 sticks stick NNS 12299 2124 3 will will MD 12299 2124 4 be be VB 12299 2124 5 surfaced surface VBN 12299 2124 6 and and CC 12299 2124 7 cut cut VBN 12299 2124 8 to to TO 12299 2124 9 length length VB 12299 2124 10 just just RB 12299 2124 11 previous previous JJ 12299 2124 12 to to TO 12299 2124 13 test test VB 12299 2124 14 . . . 12299 2125 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2125 2 Order order NN 12299 2125 3 of of IN 12299 2125 4 Tests Tests NNPS 12299 2125 5 _ _ XX 12299 2125 6 The the DT 12299 2125 7 order order NN 12299 2125 8 of of IN 12299 2125 9 tests test NNS 12299 2125 10 in in IN 12299 2125 11 all all DT 12299 2125 12 cases case NNS 12299 2125 13 will will MD 12299 2125 14 be be VB 12299 2125 15 such such JJ 12299 2125 16 as as IN 12299 2125 17 to to TO 12299 2125 18 eliminate eliminate VB 12299 2125 19 so so RB 12299 2125 20 far far RB 12299 2125 21 as as IN 12299 2125 22 possible possible JJ 12299 2125 23 from from IN 12299 2125 24 the the DT 12299 2125 25 comparisons comparison NNS 12299 2125 26 the the DT 12299 2125 27 effect effect NN 12299 2125 28 of of IN 12299 2125 29 changes change NNS 12299 2125 30 of of IN 12299 2125 31 condition condition NN 12299 2125 32 of of IN 12299 2125 33 the the DT 12299 2125 34 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2125 35 due due IN 12299 2125 36 to to IN 12299 2125 37 such such JJ 12299 2125 38 factors factor NNS 12299 2125 39 as as IN 12299 2125 40 storage storage NN 12299 2125 41 and and CC 12299 2125 42 weather weather NN 12299 2125 43 conditions condition NNS 12299 2125 44 . . . 12299 2126 1 The the DT 12299 2126 2 material material NN 12299 2126 3 used use VBN 12299 2126 4 for for IN 12299 2126 5 determining determine VBG 12299 2126 6 the the DT 12299 2126 7 effect effect NN 12299 2126 8 of of IN 12299 2126 9 height height NN 12299 2126 10 in in IN 12299 2126 11 tree tree NN 12299 2126 12 will will MD 12299 2126 13 be be VB 12299 2126 14 tested test VBN 12299 2126 15 in in IN 12299 2126 16 such such JJ 12299 2126 17 order order NN 12299 2126 18 that that IN 12299 2126 19 the the DT 12299 2126 20 average average JJ 12299 2126 21 time time NN 12299 2126 22 elapsing elapse VBG 12299 2126 23 from from IN 12299 2126 24 time time NN 12299 2126 25 of of IN 12299 2126 26 cutting cut VBG 12299 2126 27 to to IN 12299 2126 28 time time NN 12299 2126 29 of of IN 12299 2126 30 test test NN 12299 2126 31 will will MD 12299 2126 32 be be VB 12299 2126 33 approximately approximately RB 12299 2126 34 the the DT 12299 2126 35 same same JJ 12299 2126 36 for for IN 12299 2126 37 all all DT 12299 2126 38 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2126 39 from from IN 12299 2126 40 any any DT 12299 2126 41 one one CD 12299 2126 42 tree tree NN 12299 2126 43 . . . 12299 2127 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2127 2 Tests Tests NNPS 12299 2127 3 on on IN 12299 2127 4 Green Green NNP 12299 2127 5 Material Material NNP 12299 2127 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2127 7 The the DT 12299 2127 8 tests test NNS 12299 2127 9 on on IN 12299 2127 10 all all DT 12299 2127 11 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2127 12 , , , 12299 2127 13 except except IN 12299 2127 14 those those DT 12299 2127 15 from from IN 12299 2127 16 which which WDT 12299 2127 17 a a DT 12299 2127 18 comparison comparison NN 12299 2127 19 of of IN 12299 2127 20 green green JJ 12299 2127 21 and and CC 12299 2127 22 dry dry JJ 12299 2127 23 timber timber NN 12299 2127 24 is be VBZ 12299 2127 25 to to TO 12299 2127 26 be be VB 12299 2127 27 gotten get VBN 12299 2127 28 , , , 12299 2127 29 will will MD 12299 2127 30 be be VB 12299 2127 31 as as IN 12299 2127 32 follows follow VBZ 12299 2127 33 : : : 12299 2127 34 _ _ NNP 12299 2127 35 Static Static NNP 12299 2127 36 bending bending NN 12299 2127 37 _ _ NNP 12299 2127 38 : : : 12299 2127 39 One one CD 12299 2127 40 stick stick NN 12299 2127 41 from from IN 12299 2127 42 each each DT 12299 2127 43 pair pair NN 12299 2127 44 . . . 12299 2128 1 A a DT 12299 2128 2 pair pair NN 12299 2128 3 consists consist VBZ 12299 2128 4 of of IN 12299 2128 5 two two CD 12299 2128 6 adjacent adjacent JJ 12299 2128 7 sticks stick NNS 12299 2128 8 equidistant equidistant NN 12299 2128 9 from from IN 12299 2128 10 the the DT 12299 2128 11 pith pith NNP 12299 2128 12 , , , 12299 2128 13 as as IN 12299 2128 14 _ _ NNP 12299 2128 15 N_7 N_7 NNP 12299 2128 16 and and CC 12299 2128 17 _ _ NNP 12299 2128 18 N_8 N_8 NNP 12299 2128 19 , , , 12299 2128 20 or or CC 12299 2128 21 _ _ NNP 12299 2128 22 H_5 H_5 NNP 12299 2128 23 and and CC 12299 2128 24 _ _ NNP 12299 2128 25 H_6 H_6 NNP 12299 2128 26 . . . 12299 2129 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2129 2 Impact Impact NNP 12299 2129 3 bending bend VBG 12299 2129 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2129 5 : : : 12299 2129 6 Four four CD 12299 2129 7 sticks stick NNS 12299 2129 8 ; ; : 12299 2129 9 one one PRP 12299 2129 10 to to TO 12299 2129 11 be be VB 12299 2129 12 taken take VBN 12299 2129 13 from from IN 12299 2129 14 near near IN 12299 2129 15 the the DT 12299 2129 16 pith pith NNP 12299 2129 17 ; ; : 12299 2129 18 one one CD 12299 2129 19 from from IN 12299 2129 20 near near IN 12299 2129 21 the the DT 12299 2129 22 periphery periphery NN 12299 2129 23 ; ; : 12299 2129 24 and and CC 12299 2129 25 two two CD 12299 2129 26 representative representative NN 12299 2129 27 of of IN 12299 2129 28 the the DT 12299 2129 29 cross cross NN 12299 2129 30 section section NN 12299 2129 31 . . . 12299 2130 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2130 2 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2130 3 parallel parallel NN 12299 2130 4 to to IN 12299 2130 5 grain grain NN 12299 2130 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2130 7 : : : 12299 2130 8 One one CD 12299 2130 9 specimen specimen VBZ 12299 2130 10 from from IN 12299 2130 11 each each DT 12299 2130 12 stick stick NN 12299 2130 13 . . . 12299 2131 1 These these DT 12299 2131 2 will will MD 12299 2131 3 be be VB 12299 2131 4 marked mark VBN 12299 2131 5 " " `` 12299 2131 6 1 1 CD 12299 2131 7 " " '' 12299 2131 8 in in IN 12299 2131 9 addition addition NN 12299 2131 10 to to IN 12299 2131 11 the the DT 12299 2131 12 number number NN 12299 2131 13 of of IN 12299 2131 14 the the DT 12299 2131 15 stick stick NN 12299 2131 16 from from IN 12299 2131 17 which which WDT 12299 2131 18 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2131 19 are be VBP 12299 2131 20 taken take VBN 12299 2131 21 . . . 12299 2132 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2132 2 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2132 3 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 2132 4 to to IN 12299 2132 5 grain grain NN 12299 2132 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2132 7 : : : 12299 2132 8 One one CD 12299 2132 9 specimen specimen VBZ 12299 2132 10 from from IN 12299 2132 11 each each DT 12299 2132 12 of of IN 12299 2132 13 50 50 CD 12299 2132 14 per per NN 12299 2132 15 cent cent NN 12299 2132 16 of of IN 12299 2132 17 the the DT 12299 2132 18 static static JJ 12299 2132 19 bending bending NN 12299 2132 20 sticks stick NNS 12299 2132 21 . . . 12299 2133 1 These these DT 12299 2133 2 will will MD 12299 2133 3 be be VB 12299 2133 4 marked mark VBN 12299 2133 5 " " `` 12299 2133 6 2 2 CD 12299 2133 7 " " '' 12299 2133 8 in in IN 12299 2133 9 addition addition NN 12299 2133 10 to to IN 12299 2133 11 the the DT 12299 2133 12 number number NN 12299 2133 13 of of IN 12299 2133 14 the the DT 12299 2133 15 stick stick NN 12299 2133 16 from from IN 12299 2133 17 which which WDT 12299 2133 18 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2133 19 are be VBP 12299 2133 20 cut cut VBN 12299 2133 21 . . . 12299 2134 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2134 2 Hardness Hardness NNP 12299 2134 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2134 4 : : : 12299 2134 5 One one CD 12299 2134 6 specimen specimen VBZ 12299 2134 7 from from IN 12299 2134 8 each each DT 12299 2134 9 of of IN 12299 2134 10 the the DT 12299 2134 11 other other JJ 12299 2134 12 50 50 CD 12299 2134 13 per per NN 12299 2134 14 cent cent NN 12299 2134 15 of of IN 12299 2134 16 the the DT 12299 2134 17 static static JJ 12299 2134 18 bending bending NN 12299 2134 19 sticks stick NNS 12299 2134 20 . . . 12299 2135 1 These these DT 12299 2135 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2135 3 will will MD 12299 2135 4 be be VB 12299 2135 5 marked mark VBN 12299 2135 6 " " `` 12299 2135 7 4 4 CD 12299 2135 8 . . . 12299 2135 9 " " '' 12299 2136 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2136 2 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2136 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2136 4 : : : 12299 2136 5 Six six CD 12299 2136 6 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2136 7 from from IN 12299 2136 8 sticks stick NNS 12299 2136 9 not not RB 12299 2136 10 tested test VBN 12299 2136 11 in in IN 12299 2136 12 bending bend VBG 12299 2136 13 or or CC 12299 2136 14 from from IN 12299 2136 15 the the DT 12299 2136 16 ends end NNS 12299 2136 17 cut cut VBD 12299 2136 18 off off RP 12299 2136 19 in in IN 12299 2136 20 preparing prepare VBG 12299 2136 21 the the DT 12299 2136 22 bending bend VBG 12299 2136 23 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2136 24 . . . 12299 2137 1 Two two CD 12299 2137 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2137 3 will will MD 12299 2137 4 be be VB 12299 2137 5 taken take VBN 12299 2137 6 from from IN 12299 2137 7 near near IN 12299 2137 8 the the DT 12299 2137 9 pith pith NNP 12299 2137 10 ; ; : 12299 2137 11 two two CD 12299 2137 12 from from IN 12299 2137 13 near near IN 12299 2137 14 the the DT 12299 2137 15 periphery periphery NN 12299 2137 16 ; ; : 12299 2137 17 and and CC 12299 2137 18 two two CD 12299 2137 19 that that WDT 12299 2137 20 are be VBP 12299 2137 21 representative representative JJ 12299 2137 22 of of IN 12299 2137 23 the the DT 12299 2137 24 average average JJ 12299 2137 25 growth growth NN 12299 2137 26 . . . 12299 2138 1 One one CD 12299 2138 2 of of IN 12299 2138 3 each each DT 12299 2138 4 two two CD 12299 2138 5 will will MD 12299 2138 6 be be VB 12299 2138 7 tested test VBN 12299 2138 8 in in IN 12299 2138 9 radial radial JJ 12299 2138 10 shear shear NN 12299 2138 11 and and CC 12299 2138 12 the the DT 12299 2138 13 other other JJ 12299 2138 14 in in IN 12299 2138 15 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2138 16 shear shear NN 12299 2138 17 . . . 12299 2139 1 These these DT 12299 2139 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2139 3 will will MD 12299 2139 4 have have VB 12299 2139 5 the the DT 12299 2139 6 mark mark NN 12299 2139 7 " " `` 12299 2139 8 3 3 CD 12299 2139 9 . . . 12299 2139 10 " " '' 12299 2140 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2140 2 Cleavage Cleavage NNP 12299 2140 3 _ _ XX 12299 2140 4 : : : 12299 2140 5 Six six CD 12299 2140 6 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2140 7 chosen choose VBN 12299 2140 8 and and CC 12299 2140 9 divided divide VBN 12299 2140 10 just just RB 12299 2140 11 as as IN 12299 2140 12 those those DT 12299 2140 13 for for IN 12299 2140 14 shearing shear VBG 12299 2140 15 . . . 12299 2141 1 These these DT 12299 2141 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2141 3 will will MD 12299 2141 4 have have VB 12299 2141 5 the the DT 12299 2141 6 mark mark NN 12299 2141 7 " " `` 12299 2141 8 5 5 CD 12299 2141 9 . . . 12299 2141 10 " " '' 12299 2142 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2142 2 For for IN 12299 2142 3 sketches sketch NNS 12299 2142 4 showing show VBG 12299 2142 5 radial radial JJ 12299 2142 6 and and CC 12299 2142 7 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2142 8 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 2142 9 , , , 12299 2142 10 see see VB 12299 2142 11 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2142 12 . . . 12299 2143 1 45 45 CD 12299 2143 2 . . . 12299 2143 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2144 1 When when WRB 12299 2144 2 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2144 3 is be VBZ 12299 2144 4 impossible impossible JJ 12299 2144 5 to to TO 12299 2144 6 secure secure VB 12299 2144 7 clear clear JJ 12299 2144 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2144 9 for for IN 12299 2144 10 all all DT 12299 2144 11 of of IN 12299 2144 12 the the DT 12299 2144 13 above above JJ 12299 2144 14 tests test NNS 12299 2144 15 , , , 12299 2144 16 tests test NNS 12299 2144 17 will will MD 12299 2144 18 have have VB 12299 2144 19 precedence precedence NN 12299 2144 20 in in IN 12299 2144 21 the the DT 12299 2144 22 order order NN 12299 2144 23 in in IN 12299 2144 24 which which WDT 12299 2144 25 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2144 26 are be VBP 12299 2144 27 named name VBN 12299 2144 28 . . . 12299 2145 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2145 2 Tests Tests NNP 12299 2145 3 to to TO 12299 2145 4 Determine determine VB 12299 2145 5 the the DT 12299 2145 6 Effect Effect NNP 12299 2145 7 of of IN 12299 2145 8 Air air NN 12299 2145 9 - - HYPH 12299 2145 10 drying drying NN 12299 2145 11 _ _ NNP 12299 2145 12 These these DT 12299 2145 13 tests test NNS 12299 2145 14 will will MD 12299 2145 15 be be VB 12299 2145 16 made make VBN 12299 2145 17 on on IN 12299 2145 18 material material NN 12299 2145 19 from from IN 12299 2145 20 the the DT 12299 2145 21 adjacent adjacent JJ 12299 2145 22 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2145 23 mentioned mention VBN 12299 2145 24 in in IN 12299 2145 25 " " `` 12299 2145 26 _ _ NNP 12299 2145 27 c c NNP 12299 2145 28 _ _ NNP 12299 2145 29 " " '' 12299 2145 30 under under IN 12299 2145 31 Part Part NNP 12299 2145 32 of of IN 12299 2145 33 Tree Tree NNP 12299 2145 34 to to TO 12299 2145 35 be be VB 12299 2145 36 Tested test VBN 12299 2145 37 . . . 12299 2146 1 Both both DT 12299 2146 2 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2146 3 will will MD 12299 2146 4 be be VB 12299 2146 5 cut cut VBN 12299 2146 6 as as IN 12299 2146 7 outlined outline VBN 12299 2146 8 above above RB 12299 2146 9 . . . 12299 2147 1 One one CD 12299 2147 2 - - HYPH 12299 2147 3 half half NN 12299 2147 4 the the DT 12299 2147 5 sticks stick NNS 12299 2147 6 from from IN 12299 2147 7 each each DT 12299 2147 8 bolt bolt NN 12299 2147 9 will will MD 12299 2147 10 be be VB 12299 2147 11 tested test VBN 12299 2147 12 green green JJ 12299 2147 13 , , , 12299 2147 14 the the DT 12299 2147 15 other other JJ 12299 2147 16 half half NN 12299 2147 17 will will MD 12299 2147 18 be be VB 12299 2147 19 air air NN 12299 2147 20 - - HYPH 12299 2147 21 dried dry VBN 12299 2147 22 and and CC 12299 2147 23 tested test VBN 12299 2147 24 . . . 12299 2148 1 The the DT 12299 2148 2 division division NN 12299 2148 3 of of IN 12299 2148 4 green green JJ 12299 2148 5 and and CC 12299 2148 6 air air NN 12299 2148 7 - - HYPH 12299 2148 8 dry dry NN 12299 2148 9 will will MD 12299 2148 10 be be VB 12299 2148 11 according accord VBG 12299 2148 12 to to IN 12299 2148 13 the the DT 12299 2148 14 following follow VBG 12299 2148 15 scheme scheme NN 12299 2148 16 : : : 12299 2148 17 STICK STICK NNP 12299 2148 18 NUMBERS number NNS 12299 2148 19 Lower low JJR 12299 2148 20 bolt bolt NN 12299 2148 21 , , , 12299 2148 22 1 1 CD 12299 2148 23 , , , 12299 2148 24 4 4 CD 12299 2148 25 , , , 12299 2148 26 5 5 CD 12299 2148 27 , , , 12299 2148 28 8 8 CD 12299 2148 29 , , , 12299 2148 30 9 9 CD 12299 2148 31 , , , 12299 2148 32 } } -RRB- 12299 2148 33 Tested test VBN 12299 2148 34 etc etc FW 12299 2148 35 . . . 12299 2148 36 } } -RRB- 12299 2149 1 green green JJ 12299 2149 2 Upper upper JJ 12299 2149 3 bolt bolt NN 12299 2149 4 , , , 12299 2149 5 2 2 CD 12299 2149 6 , , , 12299 2149 7 3 3 CD 12299 2149 8 , , , 12299 2149 9 6 6 CD 12299 2149 10 , , , 12299 2149 11 7 7 CD 12299 2149 12 , , , 12299 2149 13 10 10 CD 12299 2149 14 , , , 12299 2149 15 } } -RRB- 12299 2149 16 Lower low JJR 12299 2149 17 bolt bolt NN 12299 2149 18 , , , 12299 2149 19 2 2 CD 12299 2149 20 , , , 12299 2149 21 3 3 CD 12299 2149 22 , , , 12299 2149 23 6 6 CD 12299 2149 24 , , , 12299 2149 25 7 7 CD 12299 2149 26 , , , 12299 2149 27 10 10 CD 12299 2149 28 , , , 12299 2149 29 } } -RRB- 12299 2149 30 Air air NN 12299 2149 31 - - HYPH 12299 2149 32 dried dry VBN 12299 2149 33 etc etc FW 12299 2149 34 . . . 12299 2149 35 } } -RRB- 12299 2150 1 and and CC 12299 2150 2 Upper upper JJ 12299 2150 3 bolt bolt NN 12299 2150 4 , , , 12299 2150 5 1 1 CD 12299 2150 6 , , , 12299 2150 7 4 4 CD 12299 2150 8 , , , 12299 2150 9 5 5 CD 12299 2150 10 , , , 12299 2150 11 8 8 CD 12299 2150 12 , , , 12299 2150 13 9 9 CD 12299 2150 14 , , , 12299 2150 15 } } -RRB- 12299 2150 16 tested test VBD 12299 2150 17 All all DT 12299 2150 18 green green JJ 12299 2150 19 sticks stick NNS 12299 2150 20 from from IN 12299 2150 21 these these DT 12299 2150 22 two two CD 12299 2150 23 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2150 24 will will MD 12299 2150 25 be be VB 12299 2150 26 tested test VBN 12299 2150 27 as as IN 12299 2150 28 if if IN 12299 2150 29 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2150 30 were be VBD 12299 2150 31 from from IN 12299 2150 32 the the DT 12299 2150 33 same same JJ 12299 2150 34 bolt bolt NN 12299 2150 35 and and CC 12299 2150 36 according accord VBG 12299 2150 37 to to IN 12299 2150 38 the the DT 12299 2150 39 plan plan NN 12299 2150 40 previously previously RB 12299 2150 41 outlined outline VBN 12299 2150 42 for for IN 12299 2150 43 green green JJ 12299 2150 44 material material NN 12299 2150 45 from from IN 12299 2150 46 single single JJ 12299 2150 47 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2150 48 . . . 12299 2151 1 The the DT 12299 2151 2 tests test NNS 12299 2151 3 on on IN 12299 2151 4 the the DT 12299 2151 5 air air NN 12299 2151 6 - - HYPH 12299 2151 7 dried dry VBN 12299 2151 8 material material NN 12299 2151 9 will will MD 12299 2151 10 be be VB 12299 2151 11 the the DT 12299 2151 12 same same JJ 12299 2151 13 as as IN 12299 2151 14 on on IN 12299 2151 15 the the DT 12299 2151 16 green green NN 12299 2151 17 except except IN 12299 2151 18 for for IN 12299 2151 19 the the DT 12299 2151 20 difference difference NN 12299 2151 21 of of IN 12299 2151 22 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 2151 23 . . . 12299 2152 1 The the DT 12299 2152 2 material material NN 12299 2152 3 will will MD 12299 2152 4 be be VB 12299 2152 5 tested test VBN 12299 2152 6 at at IN 12299 2152 7 as as RB 12299 2152 8 near near IN 12299 2152 9 12 12 CD 12299 2152 10 per per NN 12299 2152 11 cent cent NN 12299 2152 12 moisture moisture NN 12299 2152 13 as as IN 12299 2152 14 is be VBZ 12299 2152 15 practicable practicable JJ 12299 2152 16 . . . 12299 2153 1 The the DT 12299 2153 2 approximate approximate JJ 12299 2153 3 weight weight NN 12299 2153 4 of of IN 12299 2153 5 the the DT 12299 2153 6 air air NN 12299 2153 7 - - HYPH 12299 2153 8 dried dry VBN 12299 2153 9 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2153 10 at at IN 12299 2153 11 12 12 CD 12299 2153 12 per per NN 12299 2153 13 cent cent NN 12299 2153 14 moisture moisture NN 12299 2153 15 will will MD 12299 2153 16 be be VB 12299 2153 17 determined determine VBN 12299 2153 18 by by IN 12299 2153 19 measuring measure VBG 12299 2153 20 while while IN 12299 2153 21 green green JJ 12299 2153 22 20 20 CD 12299 2153 23 per per IN 12299 2153 24 cent cent NN 12299 2153 25 of of IN 12299 2153 26 the the DT 12299 2153 27 sticks stick NNS 12299 2153 28 to to TO 12299 2153 29 be be VB 12299 2153 30 air air NN 12299 2153 31 - - HYPH 12299 2153 32 dried dry VBN 12299 2153 33 and and CC 12299 2153 34 assuming assume VBG 12299 2153 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2153 36 dry dry JJ 12299 2153 37 gravity gravity NN 12299 2153 38 to to TO 12299 2153 39 be be VB 12299 2153 40 the the DT 12299 2153 41 same same JJ 12299 2153 42 as as IN 12299 2153 43 that that DT 12299 2153 44 of of IN 12299 2153 45 the the DT 12299 2153 46 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2153 47 tested test VBN 12299 2153 48 green green JJ 12299 2153 49 . . . 12299 2154 1 This this DT 12299 2154 2 20 20 CD 12299 2154 3 per per IN 12299 2154 4 cent cent NN 12299 2154 5 will will MD 12299 2154 6 be be VB 12299 2154 7 weighed weigh VBN 12299 2154 8 as as RB 12299 2154 9 often often RB 12299 2154 10 as as IN 12299 2154 11 is be VBZ 12299 2154 12 necessary necessary JJ 12299 2154 13 to to TO 12299 2154 14 determine determine VB 12299 2154 15 the the DT 12299 2154 16 proper proper JJ 12299 2154 17 time time NN 12299 2154 18 of of IN 12299 2154 19 test test NN 12299 2154 20 . . . 12299 2155 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2155 2 Methods Methods NNPS 12299 2155 3 of of IN 12299 2155 4 Test Test NNP 12299 2155 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2155 6 All all DT 12299 2155 7 tests test NNS 12299 2155 8 will will MD 12299 2155 9 be be VB 12299 2155 10 made make VBN 12299 2155 11 according accord VBG 12299 2155 12 to to IN 12299 2155 13 Circular Circular NNP 12299 2155 14 38 38 CD 12299 2155 15 except except IN 12299 2155 16 in in IN 12299 2155 17 case case NN 12299 2155 18 of of IN 12299 2155 19 conflict conflict NN 12299 2155 20 with with IN 12299 2155 21 the the DT 12299 2155 22 instructions instruction NNS 12299 2155 23 given give VBN 12299 2155 24 below below RB 12299 2155 25 : : : 12299 2155 26 _ _ NNP 12299 2155 27 Static Static NNP 12299 2155 28 bending bending NN 12299 2155 29 _ _ NNP 12299 2155 30 : : : 12299 2155 31 The the DT 12299 2155 32 tests test NNS 12299 2155 33 will will MD 12299 2155 34 be be VB 12299 2155 35 on on IN 12299 2155 36 specimens specimens NNP 12299 2155 37 2 2 CD 12299 2155 38 " " `` 12299 2155 39 X x NN 12299 2155 40 2 2 CD 12299 2155 41 " " '' 12299 2155 42 X x NN 12299 2155 43 30 30 CD 12299 2155 44 " " '' 12299 2155 45 on on IN 12299 2155 46 28-inch 28-inch CD 12299 2155 47 span span NN 12299 2155 48 . . . 12299 2156 1 Load load NN 12299 2156 2 will will MD 12299 2156 3 be be VB 12299 2156 4 applied apply VBN 12299 2156 5 at at IN 12299 2156 6 the the DT 12299 2156 7 centre centre NN 12299 2156 8 . . . 12299 2157 1 In in IN 12299 2157 2 all all DT 12299 2157 3 tests test NNS 12299 2157 4 the the DT 12299 2157 5 load load NN 12299 2157 6 - - HYPH 12299 2157 7 deflection deflection NN 12299 2157 8 curve curve NN 12299 2157 9 will will MD 12299 2157 10 be be VB 12299 2157 11 carried carry VBN 12299 2157 12 to to IN 12299 2157 13 or or CC 12299 2157 14 beyond beyond IN 12299 2157 15 the the DT 12299 2157 16 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2157 17 load load NN 12299 2157 18 . . . 12299 2158 1 In in IN 12299 2158 2 one one CD 12299 2158 3 - - HYPH 12299 2158 4 third third NN 12299 2158 5 of of IN 12299 2158 6 the the DT 12299 2158 7 tests test NNS 12299 2158 8 the the DT 12299 2158 9 load load NN 12299 2158 10 - - HYPH 12299 2158 11 deflection deflection NN 12299 2158 12 curve curve NN 12299 2158 13 will will MD 12299 2158 14 be be VB 12299 2158 15 continued continue VBN 12299 2158 16 to to IN 12299 2158 17 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 2158 18 deflection deflection NN 12299 2158 19 , , , 12299 2158 20 or or CC 12299 2158 21 till till IN 12299 2158 22 the the DT 12299 2158 23 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2158 24 fails fail VBZ 12299 2158 25 to to TO 12299 2158 26 support support VB 12299 2158 27 a a DT 12299 2158 28 200-pound 200-pound CD 12299 2158 29 load load NN 12299 2158 30 . . . 12299 2159 1 Deflection deflection NN 12299 2159 2 readings reading NNS 12299 2159 3 for for IN 12299 2159 4 equal equal JJ 12299 2159 5 increments increment NNS 12299 2159 6 of of IN 12299 2159 7 load load NN 12299 2159 8 will will MD 12299 2159 9 be be VB 12299 2159 10 taken take VBN 12299 2159 11 until until IN 12299 2159 12 well well RB 12299 2159 13 past past IN 12299 2159 14 the the DT 12299 2159 15 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2159 16 limit limit NN 12299 2159 17 , , , 12299 2159 18 after after IN 12299 2159 19 which which WDT 12299 2159 20 the the DT 12299 2159 21 scale scale NN 12299 2159 22 beam beam NN 12299 2159 23 will will MD 12299 2159 24 be be VB 12299 2159 25 kept keep VBN 12299 2159 26 balanced balanced JJ 12299 2159 27 and and CC 12299 2159 28 the the DT 12299 2159 29 load load NN 12299 2159 30 read read VBD 12299 2159 31 for for IN 12299 2159 32 each each DT 12299 2159 33 0.1-inch 0.1-inch CD 12299 2159 34 deflection deflection NN 12299 2159 35 . . . 12299 2160 1 The the DT 12299 2160 2 load load NN 12299 2160 3 and and CC 12299 2160 4 deflection deflection NN 12299 2160 5 at at IN 12299 2160 6 first first JJ 12299 2160 7 failure failure NN 12299 2160 8 , , , 12299 2160 9 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2160 10 load load NN 12299 2160 11 and and CC 12299 2160 12 points point NNS 12299 2160 13 of of IN 12299 2160 14 sudden sudden JJ 12299 2160 15 change change NN 12299 2160 16 , , , 12299 2160 17 will will MD 12299 2160 18 be be VB 12299 2160 19 shown show VBN 12299 2160 20 on on IN 12299 2160 21 the the DT 12299 2160 22 curve curve NN 12299 2160 23 sheet sheet NN 12299 2160 24 even even RB 12299 2160 25 if if IN 12299 2160 26 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2160 27 do do VBP 12299 2160 28 not not RB 12299 2160 29 occur occur VB 12299 2160 30 at at IN 12299 2160 31 one one CD 12299 2160 32 of of IN 12299 2160 33 the the DT 12299 2160 34 regular regular JJ 12299 2160 35 load load NN 12299 2160 36 or or CC 12299 2160 37 deflection deflection NN 12299 2160 38 increments increment NNS 12299 2160 39 . . . 12299 2161 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2161 2 Impact Impact NNP 12299 2161 3 bending bend VBG 12299 2161 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2161 5 : : : 12299 2161 6 The the DT 12299 2161 7 impact impact NN 12299 2161 8 bending bend VBG 12299 2161 9 tests test NNS 12299 2161 10 will will MD 12299 2161 11 be be VB 12299 2161 12 on on IN 12299 2161 13 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2161 14 of of IN 12299 2161 15 the the DT 12299 2161 16 same same JJ 12299 2161 17 size size NN 12299 2161 18 as as IN 12299 2161 19 those those DT 12299 2161 20 used use VBN 12299 2161 21 in in IN 12299 2161 22 static static JJ 12299 2161 23 bending bending NN 12299 2161 24 . . . 12299 2162 1 The the DT 12299 2162 2 span span NN 12299 2162 3 will will MD 12299 2162 4 be be VB 12299 2162 5 28 28 CD 12299 2162 6 inches inch NNS 12299 2162 7 . . . 12299 2163 1 The the DT 12299 2163 2 tests test NNS 12299 2163 3 will will MD 12299 2163 4 be be VB 12299 2163 5 by by IN 12299 2163 6 increment increment NN 12299 2163 7 drop drop NN 12299 2163 8 . . . 12299 2164 1 The the DT 12299 2164 2 first first JJ 12299 2164 3 drop drop NN 12299 2164 4 will will MD 12299 2164 5 be be VB 12299 2164 6 1 1 CD 12299 2164 7 inch inch NN 12299 2164 8 and and CC 12299 2164 9 the the DT 12299 2164 10 increase increase NN 12299 2164 11 will will MD 12299 2164 12 be be VB 12299 2164 13 by by IN 12299 2164 14 increments increment NNS 12299 2164 15 of of IN 12299 2164 16 1 1 CD 12299 2164 17 inch inch NN 12299 2164 18 till till IN 12299 2164 19 a a DT 12299 2164 20 height height NN 12299 2164 21 of of IN 12299 2164 22 10 10 CD 12299 2164 23 inches inch NNS 12299 2164 24 is be VBZ 12299 2164 25 reached reach VBN 12299 2164 26 , , , 12299 2164 27 after after IN 12299 2164 28 which which WDT 12299 2164 29 increments increment NNS 12299 2164 30 of of IN 12299 2164 31 2 2 CD 12299 2164 32 inches inch NNS 12299 2164 33 will will MD 12299 2164 34 be be VB 12299 2164 35 used use VBN 12299 2164 36 until until IN 12299 2164 37 complete complete JJ 12299 2164 38 failure failure NN 12299 2164 39 occurs occur VBZ 12299 2164 40 or or CC 12299 2164 41 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 2164 42 deflection deflection NN 12299 2164 43 is be VBZ 12299 2164 44 secured secure VBN 12299 2164 45 . . . 12299 2165 1 A a DT 12299 2165 2 50-pound 50-pound CD 12299 2165 3 hammer hammer NN 12299 2165 4 will will MD 12299 2165 5 be be VB 12299 2165 6 used use VBN 12299 2165 7 when when WRB 12299 2165 8 with with IN 12299 2165 9 drops drop NNS 12299 2165 10 up up IN 12299 2165 11 to to TO 12299 2165 12 68 68 CD 12299 2165 13 inches inch NNS 12299 2165 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2165 15 is be VBZ 12299 2165 16 practically practically RB 12299 2165 17 certain certain JJ 12299 2165 18 that that IN 12299 2165 19 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2165 20 will will MD 12299 2165 21 produce produce VB 12299 2165 22 complete complete JJ 12299 2165 23 failure failure NN 12299 2165 24 or or CC 12299 2165 25 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 2165 26 deflection deflection NN 12299 2165 27 in in IN 12299 2165 28 the the DT 12299 2165 29 case case NN 12299 2165 30 of of IN 12299 2165 31 all all DT 12299 2165 32 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2165 33 of of IN 12299 2165 34 a a DT 12299 2165 35 species species NN 12299 2165 36 . . . 12299 2166 1 For for IN 12299 2166 2 all all DT 12299 2166 3 other other JJ 12299 2166 4 species specie NNS 12299 2166 5 , , , 12299 2166 6 a a DT 12299 2166 7 100-pound 100-pound CD 12299 2166 8 hammer hammer NN 12299 2166 9 will will MD 12299 2166 10 be be VB 12299 2166 11 used use VBN 12299 2166 12 . . . 12299 2167 1 In in IN 12299 2167 2 all all DT 12299 2167 3 cases case NNS 12299 2167 4 drum drum VBP 12299 2167 5 records record NNS 12299 2167 6 will will MD 12299 2167 7 be be VB 12299 2167 8 made make VBN 12299 2167 9 until until IN 12299 2167 10 first first JJ 12299 2167 11 failure failure NN 12299 2167 12 . . . 12299 2168 1 Also also RB 12299 2168 2 the the DT 12299 2168 3 height height NN 12299 2168 4 of of IN 12299 2168 5 drop drop NN 12299 2168 6 causing cause VBG 12299 2168 7 complete complete JJ 12299 2168 8 failure failure NN 12299 2168 9 or or CC 12299 2168 10 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 2168 11 deflection deflection NN 12299 2168 12 will will MD 12299 2168 13 be be VB 12299 2168 14 noted note VBN 12299 2168 15 . . . 12299 2169 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2169 2 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2169 3 parallel parallel NN 12299 2169 4 to to IN 12299 2169 5 grain grain NN 12299 2169 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2169 7 : : : 12299 2169 8 This this DT 12299 2169 9 test test NN 12299 2169 10 will will MD 12299 2169 11 be be VB 12299 2169 12 on on IN 12299 2169 13 specimens specimens NNP 12299 2169 14 2 2 CD 12299 2169 15 " " `` 12299 2169 16 X x NN 12299 2169 17 2 2 CD 12299 2169 18 " " '' 12299 2169 19 X x NN 12299 2169 20 8 8 CD 12299 2169 21 " " '' 12299 2169 22 in in IN 12299 2169 23 size size NN 12299 2169 24 . . . 12299 2170 1 On on IN 12299 2170 2 20 20 CD 12299 2170 3 per per NN 12299 2170 4 cent cent NN 12299 2170 5 of of IN 12299 2170 6 these these DT 12299 2170 7 tests test NNS 12299 2170 8 load load NN 12299 2170 9 - - HYPH 12299 2170 10 compression compression NN 12299 2170 11 curves curve NNS 12299 2170 12 for for IN 12299 2170 13 a a DT 12299 2170 14 6-inch 6-inch CD 12299 2170 15 centrally centrally RB 12299 2170 16 located locate VBN 12299 2170 17 gauge gauge NN 12299 2170 18 length length NN 12299 2170 19 will will MD 12299 2170 20 be be VB 12299 2170 21 taken take VBN 12299 2170 22 . . . 12299 2171 1 Readings reading NNS 12299 2171 2 will will MD 12299 2171 3 be be VB 12299 2171 4 continued continue VBN 12299 2171 5 until until IN 12299 2171 6 the the DT 12299 2171 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2171 8 limit limit NN 12299 2171 9 is be VBZ 12299 2171 10 well well RB 12299 2171 11 passed pass VBN 12299 2171 12 . . . 12299 2172 1 The the DT 12299 2172 2 other other JJ 12299 2172 3 80 80 CD 12299 2172 4 per per NN 12299 2172 5 cent cent NN 12299 2172 6 of of IN 12299 2172 7 the the DT 12299 2172 8 tests test NNS 12299 2172 9 will will MD 12299 2172 10 be be VB 12299 2172 11 made make VBN 12299 2172 12 for for IN 12299 2172 13 the the DT 12299 2172 14 purpose purpose NN 12299 2172 15 of of IN 12299 2172 16 obtaining obtain VBG 12299 2172 17 the the DT 12299 2172 18 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2172 19 load load NN 12299 2172 20 only only RB 12299 2172 21 . . . 12299 2173 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2173 2 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2173 3 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 2173 4 to to IN 12299 2173 5 grain grain NN 12299 2173 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2173 7 : : : 12299 2173 8 This this DT 12299 2173 9 test test NN 12299 2173 10 will will MD 12299 2173 11 be be VB 12299 2173 12 on on IN 12299 2173 13 specimens specimens NNP 12299 2173 14 2 2 CD 12299 2173 15 " " `` 12299 2173 16 X x NN 12299 2173 17 2 2 CD 12299 2173 18 " " '' 12299 2173 19 X x NN 12299 2173 20 6 6 CD 12299 2173 21 " " '' 12299 2173 22 in in IN 12299 2173 23 size size NN 12299 2173 24 . . . 12299 2174 1 The the DT 12299 2174 2 bearing bearing NN 12299 2174 3 plates plate NNS 12299 2174 4 will will MD 12299 2174 5 be be VB 12299 2174 6 2 2 CD 12299 2174 7 inches inch NNS 12299 2174 8 wide wide JJ 12299 2174 9 . . . 12299 2175 1 The the DT 12299 2175 2 rate rate NN 12299 2175 3 of of IN 12299 2175 4 descent descent NN 12299 2175 5 of of IN 12299 2175 6 the the DT 12299 2175 7 moving move VBG 12299 2175 8 head head NN 12299 2175 9 will will MD 12299 2175 10 be be VB 12299 2175 11 0.024 0.024 CD 12299 2175 12 inch inch NN 12299 2175 13 per per IN 12299 2175 14 minute minute NN 12299 2175 15 . . . 12299 2176 1 The the DT 12299 2176 2 load load NN 12299 2176 3 - - HYPH 12299 2176 4 compression compression NN 12299 2176 5 curve curve NN 12299 2176 6 will will MD 12299 2176 7 be be VB 12299 2176 8 plotted plot VBN 12299 2176 9 to to IN 12299 2176 10 0.1 0.1 CD 12299 2176 11 inch inch NN 12299 2176 12 compression compression NN 12299 2176 13 and and CC 12299 2176 14 the the DT 12299 2176 15 test test NN 12299 2176 16 will will MD 12299 2176 17 then then RB 12299 2176 18 be be VB 12299 2176 19 discontinued discontinue VBN 12299 2176 20 . . . 12299 2177 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2177 2 Hardness Hardness NNP 12299 2177 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2177 4 : : : 12299 2177 5 The the DT 12299 2177 6 tool tool NN 12299 2177 7 shown show VBN 12299 2177 8 in in IN 12299 2177 9 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2177 10 . . . 12299 2178 1 43 43 CD 12299 2178 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2178 3 an an DT 12299 2178 4 adaptation adaptation NN 12299 2178 5 of of IN 12299 2178 6 the the DT 12299 2178 7 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 2178 8 used use VBN 12299 2178 9 by by IN 12299 2178 10 the the DT 12299 2178 11 German german JJ 12299 2178 12 investigator investigator NN 12299 2178 13 , , , 12299 2178 14 Janka Janka NNP 12299 2178 15 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2178 16 will will MD 12299 2178 17 be be VB 12299 2178 18 used use VBN 12299 2178 19 . . . 12299 2179 1 The the DT 12299 2179 2 rate rate NN 12299 2179 3 of of IN 12299 2179 4 descent descent NN 12299 2179 5 of of IN 12299 2179 6 the the DT 12299 2179 7 moving move VBG 12299 2179 8 head head NN 12299 2179 9 will will MD 12299 2179 10 be be VB 12299 2179 11 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 2179 12 inch inch NN 12299 2179 13 per per IN 12299 2179 14 minute minute NN 12299 2179 15 . . . 12299 2180 1 When when WRB 12299 2180 2 the the DT 12299 2180 3 penetration penetration NN 12299 2180 4 has have VBZ 12299 2180 5 progressed progress VBN 12299 2180 6 to to IN 12299 2180 7 the the DT 12299 2180 8 point point NN 12299 2180 9 at at IN 12299 2180 10 which which WDT 12299 2180 11 the the DT 12299 2180 12 plate plate NN 12299 2180 13 " " `` 12299 2180 14 _ _ NNP 12299 2180 15 a a DT 12299 2180 16 _ _ NNP 12299 2180 17 " " `` 12299 2180 18 becomes become VBZ 12299 2180 19 tight tight JJ 12299 2180 20 , , , 12299 2180 21 due due JJ 12299 2180 22 to to IN 12299 2180 23 being be VBG 12299 2180 24 pressed press VBN 12299 2180 25 against against IN 12299 2180 26 the the DT 12299 2180 27 wood wood NN 12299 2180 28 , , , 12299 2180 29 the the DT 12299 2180 30 load load NN 12299 2180 31 will will MD 12299 2180 32 be be VB 12299 2180 33 read read VBN 12299 2180 34 and and CC 12299 2180 35 recorded record VBN 12299 2180 36 . . . 12299 2181 1 Two two CD 12299 2181 2 penetrations penetration NNS 12299 2181 3 will will MD 12299 2181 4 be be VB 12299 2181 5 made make VBN 12299 2181 6 on on IN 12299 2181 7 a a DT 12299 2181 8 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2181 9 surface surface NN 12299 2181 10 , , , 12299 2181 11 two two CD 12299 2181 12 on on IN 12299 2181 13 a a DT 12299 2181 14 radial radial NN 12299 2181 15 , , , 12299 2181 16 and and CC 12299 2181 17 one one CD 12299 2181 18 on on IN 12299 2181 19 each each DT 12299 2181 20 end end NN 12299 2181 21 of of IN 12299 2181 22 each each DT 12299 2181 23 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2181 24 tested test VBN 12299 2181 25 . . . 12299 2182 1 The the DT 12299 2182 2 choice choice NN 12299 2182 3 between between IN 12299 2182 4 the the DT 12299 2182 5 two two CD 12299 2182 6 radial radial NN 12299 2182 7 and and CC 12299 2182 8 between between IN 12299 2182 9 the the DT 12299 2182 10 two two CD 12299 2182 11 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2182 12 surfaces surface NNS 12299 2182 13 and and CC 12299 2182 14 the the DT 12299 2182 15 distribution distribution NN 12299 2182 16 of of IN 12299 2182 17 the the DT 12299 2182 18 penetrations penetration NNS 12299 2182 19 over over IN 12299 2182 20 the the DT 12299 2182 21 surfaces surface NNS 12299 2182 22 will will MD 12299 2182 23 be be VB 12299 2182 24 so so RB 12299 2182 25 made make VBN 12299 2182 26 as as IN 12299 2182 27 to to TO 12299 2182 28 get get VB 12299 2182 29 a a DT 12299 2182 30 fair fair JJ 12299 2182 31 average average NN 12299 2182 32 of of IN 12299 2182 33 heart heart NN 12299 2182 34 and and CC 12299 2182 35 sap sap NN 12299 2182 36 , , , 12299 2182 37 slow slow JJ 12299 2182 38 and and CC 12299 2182 39 fast fast JJ 12299 2182 40 growth growth NN 12299 2182 41 , , , 12299 2182 42 and and CC 12299 2182 43 spring spring NN 12299 2182 44 and and CC 12299 2182 45 summer summer NN 12299 2182 46 wood wood NN 12299 2182 47 . . . 12299 2183 1 Specimens specimen NNS 12299 2183 2 will will MD 12299 2183 3 be be VB 12299 2183 4 2 2 CD 12299 2183 5 " " `` 12299 2183 6 X x NN 12299 2183 7 2 2 CD 12299 2183 8 " " '' 12299 2183 9 X x NN 12299 2183 10 6 6 CD 12299 2183 11 " " '' 12299 2183 12 . . . 12299 2184 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2184 2 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2184 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2184 4 : : : 12299 2184 5 The the DT 12299 2184 6 tests test NNS 12299 2184 7 will will MD 12299 2184 8 be be VB 12299 2184 9 made make VBN 12299 2184 10 with with IN 12299 2184 11 a a DT 12299 2184 12 tool tool NN 12299 2184 13 slightly slightly RB 12299 2184 14 modified modify VBN 12299 2184 15 from from IN 12299 2184 16 that that DT 12299 2184 17 shown show VBN 12299 2184 18 in in IN 12299 2184 19 Circular Circular NNP 12299 2184 20 38 38 CD 12299 2184 21 . . . 12299 2185 1 The the DT 12299 2185 2 speed speed NN 12299 2185 3 of of IN 12299 2185 4 descent descent NN 12299 2185 5 of of IN 12299 2185 6 head head NN 12299 2185 7 will will MD 12299 2185 8 be be VB 12299 2185 9 0.015 0.015 CD 12299 2185 10 inch inch NN 12299 2185 11 per per IN 12299 2185 12 minute minute NN 12299 2185 13 . . . 12299 2186 1 The the DT 12299 2186 2 only only JJ 12299 2186 3 measurements measurement NNS 12299 2186 4 to to TO 12299 2186 5 be be VB 12299 2186 6 made make VBN 12299 2186 7 are be VBP 12299 2186 8 those those DT 12299 2186 9 of of IN 12299 2186 10 the the DT 12299 2186 11 shearing shearing NN 12299 2186 12 area area NN 12299 2186 13 . . . 12299 2187 1 The the DT 12299 2187 2 offset offset NN 12299 2187 3 will will MD 12299 2187 4 be be VB 12299 2187 5 1/8 1/8 CD 12299 2187 6 inch inch NN 12299 2187 7 . . . 12299 2188 1 Specimens specimen NNS 12299 2188 2 will will MD 12299 2188 3 be be VB 12299 2188 4 2 2 CD 12299 2188 5 " " `` 12299 2188 6 X x NN 12299 2188 7 2 2 CD 12299 2188 8 " " '' 12299 2188 9 X x NN 12299 2188 10 2 2 CD 12299 2188 11 - - HYPH 12299 2188 12 1/2 1/2 CD 12299 2188 13 " " '' 12299 2188 14 in in IN 12299 2188 15 size size NN 12299 2188 16 . . . 12299 2189 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2189 2 For for IN 12299 2189 3 definition definition NN 12299 2189 4 of of IN 12299 2189 5 offset offset NN 12299 2189 6 and and CC 12299 2189 7 form form NN 12299 2189 8 of of IN 12299 2189 9 test test NN 12299 2189 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2189 11 , , , 12299 2189 12 see see VB 12299 2189 13 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2189 14 . . . 12299 2190 1 38 38 CD 12299 2190 2 . . . 12299 2190 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2191 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2191 2 Cleavage Cleavage NNP 12299 2191 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2191 4 : : : 12299 2191 5 The the DT 12299 2191 6 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 2191 7 tests test NNS 12299 2191 8 will will MD 12299 2191 9 be be VB 12299 2191 10 made make VBN 12299 2191 11 on on IN 12299 2191 12 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2191 13 of of IN 12299 2191 14 the the DT 12299 2191 15 form form NN 12299 2191 16 and and CC 12299 2191 17 size size NN 12299 2191 18 shown show VBN 12299 2191 19 in in IN 12299 2191 20 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2191 21 . . . 12299 2192 1 45 45 CD 12299 2192 2 . . . 12299 2193 1 The the DT 12299 2193 2 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 2193 3 will will MD 12299 2193 4 be be VB 12299 2193 5 as as RB 12299 2193 6 shown show VBN 12299 2193 7 in in IN 12299 2193 8 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2193 9 . . . 12299 2194 1 44 44 CD 12299 2194 2 . . . 12299 2195 1 The the DT 12299 2195 2 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2195 3 load load NN 12299 2195 4 only only RB 12299 2195 5 will will MD 12299 2195 6 be be VB 12299 2195 7 taken take VBN 12299 2195 8 and and CC 12299 2195 9 the the DT 12299 2195 10 result result NN 12299 2195 11 expressed express VBN 12299 2195 12 in in IN 12299 2195 13 pounds pound NNS 12299 2195 14 per per IN 12299 2195 15 inch inch NN 12299 2195 16 of of IN 12299 2195 17 width width NN 12299 2195 18 . . . 12299 2196 1 The the DT 12299 2196 2 speed speed NN 12299 2196 3 of of IN 12299 2196 4 the the DT 12299 2196 5 moving move VBG 12299 2196 6 head head NN 12299 2196 7 will will MD 12299 2196 8 be be VB 12299 2196 9 0.25 0.25 CD 12299 2196 10 inch inch NN 12299 2196 11 per per IN 12299 2196 12 minute minute NN 12299 2196 13 . . . 12299 2197 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2197 2 Moisture Moisture NNP 12299 2197 3 Determinations Determinations NNPS 12299 2197 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2197 5 Moisture Moisture NNP 12299 2197 6 determinations determination NNS 12299 2197 7 will will MD 12299 2197 8 be be VB 12299 2197 9 made make VBN 12299 2197 10 on on IN 12299 2197 11 all all DT 12299 2197 12 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2197 13 tested test VBN 12299 2197 14 except except IN 12299 2197 15 those those DT 12299 2197 16 to to TO 12299 2197 17 be be VB 12299 2197 18 photographed photograph VBN 12299 2197 19 or or CC 12299 2197 20 kept keep VBN 12299 2197 21 for for IN 12299 2197 22 exhibit exhibit NN 12299 2197 23 . . . 12299 2198 1 A a DT 12299 2198 2 1-inch 1-inch CD 12299 2198 3 disk disk NN 12299 2198 4 will will MD 12299 2198 5 be be VB 12299 2198 6 cut cut VBN 12299 2198 7 from from IN 12299 2198 8 near near IN 12299 2198 9 the the DT 12299 2198 10 point point NN 12299 2198 11 of of IN 12299 2198 12 failure failure NN 12299 2198 13 of of IN 12299 2198 14 bending bending NN 12299 2198 15 and and CC 12299 2198 16 compression compression NN 12299 2198 17 parallel parallel JJ 12299 2198 18 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2198 19 , , , 12299 2198 20 from from IN 12299 2198 21 the the DT 12299 2198 22 portion portion NN 12299 2198 23 under under IN 12299 2198 24 the the DT 12299 2198 25 plate plate NN 12299 2198 26 in in IN 12299 2198 27 the the DT 12299 2198 28 case case NN 12299 2198 29 of of IN 12299 2198 30 the the DT 12299 2198 31 compression compression NN 12299 2198 32 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 2198 33 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2198 34 , , , 12299 2198 35 and and CC 12299 2198 36 from from IN 12299 2198 37 the the DT 12299 2198 38 centre centre NN 12299 2198 39 of of IN 12299 2198 40 the the DT 12299 2198 41 hardness hardness JJ 12299 2198 42 test test NN 12299 2198 43 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2198 44 . . . 12299 2199 1 The the DT 12299 2199 2 beads bead NNS 12299 2199 3 from from IN 12299 2199 4 the the DT 12299 2199 5 shear shear NN 12299 2199 6 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2199 7 will will MD 12299 2199 8 be be VB 12299 2199 9 used use VBN 12299 2199 10 as as IN 12299 2199 11 moisture moisture NN 12299 2199 12 disks disk NNS 12299 2199 13 . . . 12299 2200 1 In in IN 12299 2200 2 the the DT 12299 2200 3 case case NN 12299 2200 4 of of IN 12299 2200 5 the the DT 12299 2200 6 cleavage cleavage NN 12299 2200 7 specimens specimen VBZ 12299 2200 8 a a DT 12299 2200 9 piece piece NN 12299 2200 10 1/2 1/2 CD 12299 2200 11 inch inch NN 12299 2200 12 thick thick JJ 12299 2200 13 will will MD 12299 2200 14 be be VB 12299 2200 15 split split VBN 12299 2200 16 off off RP 12299 2200 17 parallel parallel NN 12299 2200 18 to to IN 12299 2200 19 the the DT 12299 2200 20 failure failure NN 12299 2200 21 and and CC 12299 2200 22 used use VBD 12299 2200 23 as as IN 12299 2200 24 a a DT 12299 2200 25 moisture moisture NN 12299 2200 26 disk disk NN 12299 2200 27 . . . 12299 2201 1 RECORDS record NNS 12299 2201 2 All all DT 12299 2201 3 records record NNS 12299 2201 4 will will MD 12299 2201 5 be be VB 12299 2201 6 standard standard JJ 12299 2201 7 . . . 12299 2202 1 PHOTOGRAPHS PHOTOGRAPHS NNP 12299 2202 2 _ _ NNP 12299 2202 3 Cross Cross NNP 12299 2202 4 Sections Sections NNPS 12299 2202 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2202 6 Just just RB 12299 2202 7 before before IN 12299 2202 8 cutting cut VBG 12299 2202 9 into into IN 12299 2202 10 sticks stick NNS 12299 2202 11 , , , 12299 2202 12 the the DT 12299 2202 13 freshly freshly RB 12299 2202 14 cut cut JJ 12299 2202 15 end end NN 12299 2202 16 of of IN 12299 2202 17 at at RB 12299 2202 18 least least RBS 12299 2202 19 one one CD 12299 2202 20 bolt bolt NN 12299 2202 21 from from IN 12299 2202 22 each each DT 12299 2202 23 tree tree NN 12299 2202 24 will will MD 12299 2202 25 be be VB 12299 2202 26 photographed photograph VBN 12299 2202 27 . . . 12299 2203 1 A a DT 12299 2203 2 scale scale NN 12299 2203 3 of of IN 12299 2203 4 inches inch NNS 12299 2203 5 will will MD 12299 2203 6 be be VB 12299 2203 7 shown show VBN 12299 2203 8 in in IN 12299 2203 9 this this DT 12299 2203 10 photograph photograph NN 12299 2203 11 . . . 12299 2204 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2204 2 Specimens Specimens NNP 12299 2204 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2204 4 Three three CD 12299 2204 5 photographs photograph NNS 12299 2204 6 will will MD 12299 2204 7 be be VB 12299 2204 8 made make VBN 12299 2204 9 of of IN 12299 2204 10 a a DT 12299 2204 11 group group NN 12299 2204 12 consisting consist VBG 12299 2204 13 of of IN 12299 2204 14 four four CD 12299 2204 15 2 2 CD 12299 2204 16 " " `` 12299 2204 17 X x NN 12299 2204 18 2 2 CD 12299 2204 19 " " '' 12299 2204 20 X x NN 12299 2204 21 30 30 CD 12299 2204 22 " " '' 12299 2204 23 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2204 24 chosen choose VBN 12299 2204 25 from from IN 12299 2204 26 the the DT 12299 2204 27 material material NN 12299 2204 28 from from IN 12299 2204 29 each each DT 12299 2204 30 locality locality NN 12299 2204 31 . . . 12299 2205 1 Two two CD 12299 2205 2 of of IN 12299 2205 3 these these DT 12299 2205 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2205 5 will will MD 12299 2205 6 be be VB 12299 2205 7 representative representative JJ 12299 2205 8 of of IN 12299 2205 9 average average JJ 12299 2205 10 growth growth NN 12299 2205 11 , , , 12299 2205 12 one one CD 12299 2205 13 of of IN 12299 2205 14 fast fast NN 12299 2205 15 and and CC 12299 2205 16 one one CD 12299 2205 17 of of IN 12299 2205 18 slow slow JJ 12299 2205 19 growth growth NN 12299 2205 20 . . . 12299 2206 1 These these DT 12299 2206 2 photographs photograph NNS 12299 2206 3 will will MD 12299 2206 4 show show VB 12299 2206 5 radial radial JJ 12299 2206 6 , , , 12299 2206 7 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2206 8 , , , 12299 2206 9 and and CC 12299 2206 10 end end NN 12299 2206 11 surfaces surface NNS 12299 2206 12 for for IN 12299 2206 13 each each DT 12299 2206 14 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2206 15 . . . 12299 2207 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2207 2 Failures Failures NNPS 12299 2207 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2207 4 Typical Typical NNP 12299 2207 5 and and CC 12299 2207 6 abnormal abnormal JJ 12299 2207 7 failures failure NNS 12299 2207 8 of of IN 12299 2207 9 material material NN 12299 2207 10 from from IN 12299 2207 11 each each DT 12299 2207 12 site site NN 12299 2207 13 will will MD 12299 2207 14 be be VB 12299 2207 15 photographed photograph VBN 12299 2207 16 . . . 12299 2208 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2208 2 Disposition Disposition NNP 12299 2208 3 of of IN 12299 2208 4 Material Material NNP 12299 2208 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2208 6 The the DT 12299 2208 7 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2208 8 photographed photograph VBD 12299 2208 9 to to TO 12299 2208 10 show show VB 12299 2208 11 typical typical JJ 12299 2208 12 and and CC 12299 2208 13 abnormal abnormal JJ 12299 2208 14 failures failure NNS 12299 2208 15 will will MD 12299 2208 16 be be VB 12299 2208 17 saved save VBN 12299 2208 18 for for IN 12299 2208 19 purposes purpose NNS 12299 2208 20 of of IN 12299 2208 21 exhibit exhibit NN 12299 2208 22 until until IN 12299 2208 23 deemed deem VBN 12299 2208 24 by by IN 12299 2208 25 the the DT 12299 2208 26 person person NN 12299 2208 27 in in IN 12299 2208 28 charge charge NN 12299 2208 29 of of IN 12299 2208 30 the the DT 12299 2208 31 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2208 32 to to TO 12299 2208 33 be be VB 12299 2208 34 of of IN 12299 2208 35 no no DT 12299 2208 36 further further JJ 12299 2208 37 value value NN 12299 2208 38 . . . 12299 2209 1 SHRINKAGE shrinkage NN 12299 2209 2 AND and CC 12299 2209 3 SPECIFIC SPECIFIC VBD 12299 2209 4 GRAVITY GRAVITY NNP 12299 2209 5 Appendix Appendix NNP 12299 2209 6 to to IN 12299 2209 7 Working Working NNP 12299 2209 8 Plan Plan NNP 12299 2209 9 124 124 CD 12299 2209 10 PURPOSE purpose NN 12299 2209 11 OF of IN 12299 2209 12 WORK work NN 12299 2209 13 It -PRON- PRP 12299 2209 14 is be VBZ 12299 2209 15 the the DT 12299 2209 16 purpose purpose NN 12299 2209 17 of of IN 12299 2209 18 this this DT 12299 2209 19 work work NN 12299 2209 20 to to TO 12299 2209 21 secure secure VB 12299 2209 22 data datum NNS 12299 2209 23 on on IN 12299 2209 24 the the DT 12299 2209 25 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2209 26 and and CC 12299 2209 27 specific specific JJ 12299 2209 28 gravity gravity NN 12299 2209 29 of of IN 12299 2209 30 woods wood NNS 12299 2209 31 tested test VBN 12299 2209 32 under under IN 12299 2209 33 Project Project NNP 12299 2209 34 124 124 CD 12299 2209 35 . . . 12299 2210 1 The the DT 12299 2210 2 figures figure NNS 12299 2210 3 to to TO 12299 2210 4 be be VB 12299 2210 5 obtained obtain VBN 12299 2210 6 are be VBP 12299 2210 7 for for IN 12299 2210 8 use use NN 12299 2210 9 as as IN 12299 2210 10 average average JJ 12299 2210 11 working working NN 12299 2210 12 values value NNS 12299 2210 13 rather rather RB 12299 2210 14 than than IN 12299 2210 15 as as IN 12299 2210 16 the the DT 12299 2210 17 basis basis NN 12299 2210 18 for for IN 12299 2210 19 a a DT 12299 2210 20 detailed detailed JJ 12299 2210 21 study study NN 12299 2210 22 of of IN 12299 2210 23 the the DT 12299 2210 24 principles principle NNS 12299 2210 25 involved involve VBN 12299 2210 26 . . . 12299 2211 1 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 2211 2 The the DT 12299 2211 3 material material NN 12299 2211 4 will will MD 12299 2211 5 be be VB 12299 2211 6 taken take VBN 12299 2211 7 from from IN 12299 2211 8 that that DT 12299 2211 9 provided provide VBN 12299 2211 10 for for IN 12299 2211 11 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2211 12 tests test NNS 12299 2211 13 . . . 12299 2212 1 RADIAL RADIAL NNP 12299 2212 2 AND and CC 12299 2212 3 TANGENTIAL TANGENTIAL NNP 12299 2212 4 SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE NNP 12299 2212 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2212 6 Specimens Specimens NNP 12299 2212 7 _ _ NNP 12299 2212 8 _ _ NNP 12299 2212 9 Preparation Preparation NNP 12299 2212 10 _ _ NNP 12299 2212 11 : : : 12299 2212 12 Two two CD 12299 2212 13 specimens specimen VBZ 12299 2212 14 1 1 CD 12299 2212 15 inch inch NN 12299 2212 16 thick thick JJ 12299 2212 17 , , , 12299 2212 18 4 4 CD 12299 2212 19 inches inch NNS 12299 2212 20 wide wide JJ 12299 2212 21 , , , 12299 2212 22 and and CC 12299 2212 23 1 1 CD 12299 2212 24 inch inch NN 12299 2212 25 long long RB 12299 2212 26 will will MD 12299 2212 27 be be VB 12299 2212 28 obtained obtain VBN 12299 2212 29 from from IN 12299 2212 30 near near IN 12299 2212 31 the the DT 12299 2212 32 periphery periphery NN 12299 2212 33 of of IN 12299 2212 34 each each DT 12299 2212 35 " " `` 12299 2212 36 _ _ NNP 12299 2212 37 d d NNP 12299 2212 38 _ _ NNP 12299 2212 39 " " `` 12299 2212 40 bolt bolt NN 12299 2212 41 . . . 12299 2213 1 These these DT 12299 2213 2 will will MD 12299 2213 3 be be VB 12299 2213 4 cut cut VBN 12299 2213 5 from from IN 12299 2213 6 the the DT 12299 2213 7 sector sector NN 12299 2213 8 - - HYPH 12299 2213 9 shaped shape VBN 12299 2213 10 sections section NNS 12299 2213 11 left leave VBN 12299 2213 12 after after IN 12299 2213 13 securing secure VBG 12299 2213 14 the the DT 12299 2213 15 material material NN 12299 2213 16 for for IN 12299 2213 17 the the DT 12299 2213 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2213 19 tests test NNS 12299 2213 20 or or CC 12299 2213 21 from from IN 12299 2213 22 disks disk NNS 12299 2213 23 cut cut VBN 12299 2213 24 from from IN 12299 2213 25 near near IN 12299 2213 26 the the DT 12299 2213 27 end end NN 12299 2213 28 of of IN 12299 2213 29 the the DT 12299 2213 30 bolt bolt NN 12299 2213 31 . . . 12299 2214 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 2214 2 will will MD 12299 2214 3 be be VB 12299 2214 4 taken take VBN 12299 2214 5 from from IN 12299 2214 6 adjoining adjoin VBG 12299 2214 7 pieces piece NNS 12299 2214 8 chosen choose VBN 12299 2214 9 so so IN 12299 2214 10 that that IN 12299 2214 11 the the DT 12299 2214 12 results result NNS 12299 2214 13 will will MD 12299 2214 14 be be VB 12299 2214 15 comparable comparable JJ 12299 2214 16 for for IN 12299 2214 17 use use NN 12299 2214 18 in in IN 12299 2214 19 determining determine VBG 12299 2214 20 radial radial JJ 12299 2214 21 and and CC 12299 2214 22 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2214 23 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2214 24 . . . 12299 2215 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2215 2 When when WRB 12299 2215 3 a a DT 12299 2215 4 disk disk NN 12299 2215 5 is be VBZ 12299 2215 6 used use VBN 12299 2215 7 , , , 12299 2215 8 care care NN 12299 2215 9 must must MD 12299 2215 10 be be VB 12299 2215 11 taken take VBN 12299 2215 12 that that IN 12299 2215 13 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2215 14 is be VBZ 12299 2215 15 green green JJ 12299 2215 16 and and CC 12299 2215 17 has have VBZ 12299 2215 18 not not RB 12299 2215 19 been be VBN 12299 2215 20 affected affect VBN 12299 2215 21 by by IN 12299 2215 22 the the DT 12299 2215 23 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2215 24 and and CC 12299 2215 25 checking check VBG 12299 2215 26 near near IN 12299 2215 27 the the DT 12299 2215 28 end end NN 12299 2215 29 of of IN 12299 2215 30 the the DT 12299 2215 31 bolt bolt NN 12299 2215 32 . . . 12299 2215 33 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2216 1 One one CD 12299 2216 2 of of IN 12299 2216 3 these these DT 12299 2216 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2216 5 will will MD 12299 2216 6 be be VB 12299 2216 7 cut cut VBN 12299 2216 8 with with IN 12299 2216 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2216 10 width width NN 12299 2216 11 in in IN 12299 2216 12 the the DT 12299 2216 13 radial radial JJ 12299 2216 14 direction direction NN 12299 2216 15 and and CC 12299 2216 16 will will MD 12299 2216 17 be be VB 12299 2216 18 used use VBN 12299 2216 19 for for IN 12299 2216 20 the the DT 12299 2216 21 determination determination NN 12299 2216 22 of of IN 12299 2216 23 radial radial JJ 12299 2216 24 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2216 25 . . . 12299 2217 1 The the DT 12299 2217 2 other other JJ 12299 2217 3 will will MD 12299 2217 4 have have VB 12299 2217 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2217 6 width width NN 12299 2217 7 in in IN 12299 2217 8 the the DT 12299 2217 9 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2217 10 direction direction NN 12299 2217 11 and and CC 12299 2217 12 will will MD 12299 2217 13 be be VB 12299 2217 14 used use VBN 12299 2217 15 for for IN 12299 2217 16 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2217 17 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2217 18 . . . 12299 2218 1 These these DT 12299 2218 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2218 3 will will MD 12299 2218 4 not not RB 12299 2218 5 be be VB 12299 2218 6 surfaced surface VBN 12299 2218 7 . . . 12299 2219 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2219 2 Marking Marking NNP 12299 2219 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2219 4 : : : 12299 2219 5 The the DT 12299 2219 6 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2219 7 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2219 8 will will MD 12299 2219 9 retain retain VB 12299 2219 10 the the DT 12299 2219 11 shipment shipment NN 12299 2219 12 and and CC 12299 2219 13 piece piece NN 12299 2219 14 numbers number NNS 12299 2219 15 and and CC 12299 2219 16 marks mark NNS 12299 2219 17 of of IN 12299 2219 18 the the DT 12299 2219 19 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2219 20 from from IN 12299 2219 21 which which WDT 12299 2219 22 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2219 23 are be VBP 12299 2219 24 taken take VBN 12299 2219 25 , , , 12299 2219 26 and and CC 12299 2219 27 will will MD 12299 2219 28 have have VB 12299 2219 29 the the DT 12299 2219 30 additional additional JJ 12299 2219 31 mark mark NN 12299 2219 32 _ _ NNP 12299 2219 33 7_R 7_R NNP 12299 2219 34 or or CC 12299 2219 35 _ _ NNP 12299 2219 36 7_T 7_t CD 12299 2219 37 according accord VBG 12299 2219 38 as as IN 12299 2219 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2219 40 widths width NNS 12299 2219 41 are be VBP 12299 2219 42 in in IN 12299 2219 43 the the DT 12299 2219 44 radial radial JJ 12299 2219 45 or or CC 12299 2219 46 tangential tangential JJ 12299 2219 47 direction direction NN 12299 2219 48 . . . 12299 2220 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2220 2 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 12299 2220 3 measurements measurement NNS 12299 2220 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2220 5 : : : 12299 2220 6 The the DT 12299 2220 7 shrinkage shrinkage NN 12299 2220 8 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2220 9 will will MD 12299 2220 10 be be VB 12299 2220 11 carefully carefully RB 12299 2220 12 weighed weigh VBN 12299 2220 13 and and CC 12299 2220 14 measured measure VBN 12299 2220 15 soon soon RB 12299 2220 16 after after IN 12299 2220 17 cutting cut VBG 12299 2220 18 . . . 12299 2221 1 Rings ring NNS 12299 2221 2 per per IN 12299 2221 3 inch inch NN 12299 2221 4 , , , 12299 2221 5 per per IN 12299 2221 6 cent cent NN 12299 2221 7 sap sap NN 12299 2221 8 , , , 12299 2221 9 and and CC 12299 2221 10 per per IN 12299 2221 11 cent cent NN 12299 2221 12 summer summer NN 12299 2221 13 wood wood NN 12299 2221 14 will will MD 12299 2221 15 be be VB 12299 2221 16 measured measure VBN 12299 2221 17 . . . 12299 2222 1 They -PRON- PRP 12299 2222 2 will will MD 12299 2222 3 then then RB 12299 2222 4 be be VB 12299 2222 5 air air NN 12299 2222 6 - - HYPH 12299 2222 7 dried dry VBN 12299 2222 8 in in IN 12299 2222 9 the the DT 12299 2222 10 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2222 11 to to IN 12299 2222 12 constant constant JJ 12299 2222 13 weight weight NN 12299 2222 14 , , , 12299 2222 15 and and CC 12299 2222 16 afterward afterward RB 12299 2222 17 oven oven NN 12299 2222 18 - - , 12299 2222 19 dried dry VBN 12299 2222 20 at at IN 12299 2222 21 100 100â CD 12299 2222 22 ° ° NNS 12299 2222 23 C C NNP 12299 2222 24 . . . 12299 2223 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2223 2 212 212â CD 12299 2223 3 ° ° , 12299 2223 4 F f NN 12299 2223 5 . . . 12299 2224 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2224 2 , , , 12299 2224 3 when when WRB 12299 2224 4 they -PRON- PRP 12299 2224 5 will will MD 12299 2224 6 again again RB 12299 2224 7 be be VB 12299 2224 8 weighed weigh VBN 12299 2224 9 and and CC 12299 2224 10 measured measure VBN 12299 2224 11 . . . 12299 2225 1 VOLUMETRIC VOLUMETRIC NNP 12299 2225 2 SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE NNP 12299 2225 3 AND and CC 12299 2225 4 SPECIFIC SPECIFIC VBN 12299 2225 5 GRAVITY GRAVITY NNP 12299 2225 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2225 7 Specimens Specimens NNP 12299 2225 8 _ _ NNP 12299 2225 9 _ _ NNP 12299 2225 10 Selection Selection NNP 12299 2225 11 and and CC 12299 2225 12 preparation preparation NN 12299 2225 13 _ _ NN 12299 2225 14 : : : 12299 2225 15 Four four CD 12299 2225 16 2 2 CD 12299 2225 17 " " '' 12299 2225 18 X x NN 12299 2225 19 2 2 CD 12299 2225 20 " " '' 12299 2225 21 X x NN 12299 2225 22 6 6 CD 12299 2225 23 " " '' 12299 2225 24 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2225 25 will will MD 12299 2225 26 be be VB 12299 2225 27 cut cut VBN 12299 2225 28 from from IN 12299 2225 29 the the DT 12299 2225 30 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2225 31 test test NN 12299 2225 32 sticks stick NNS 12299 2225 33 of of IN 12299 2225 34 each each DT 12299 2225 35 " " `` 12299 2225 36 _ _ NNP 12299 2225 37 d d NNP 12299 2225 38 _ _ NNP 12299 2225 39 " " `` 12299 2225 40 bolt bolt NN 12299 2225 41 ; ; : 12299 2225 42 also also RB 12299 2225 43 from from IN 12299 2225 44 each each DT 12299 2225 45 of of IN 12299 2225 46 the the DT 12299 2225 47 composite composite JJ 12299 2225 48 bolts bolt NNS 12299 2225 49 used use VBN 12299 2225 50 in in IN 12299 2225 51 getting get VBG 12299 2225 52 a a DT 12299 2225 53 comparison comparison NN 12299 2225 54 of of IN 12299 2225 55 green green JJ 12299 2225 56 and and CC 12299 2225 57 air air NN 12299 2225 58 - - HYPH 12299 2225 59 dry dry NN 12299 2225 60 . . . 12299 2226 1 One one CD 12299 2226 2 of of IN 12299 2226 3 these these DT 12299 2226 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2226 5 will will MD 12299 2226 6 be be VB 12299 2226 7 taken take VBN 12299 2226 8 from from IN 12299 2226 9 near near IN 12299 2226 10 the the DT 12299 2226 11 pith pith NNP 12299 2226 12 and and CC 12299 2226 13 one one CD 12299 2226 14 from from IN 12299 2226 15 near near IN 12299 2226 16 the the DT 12299 2226 17 periphery periphery NN 12299 2226 18 ; ; : 12299 2226 19 the the DT 12299 2226 20 other other JJ 12299 2226 21 two two CD 12299 2226 22 will will MD 12299 2226 23 be be VB 12299 2226 24 representative representative JJ 12299 2226 25 of of IN 12299 2226 26 the the DT 12299 2226 27 average average JJ 12299 2226 28 growth growth NN 12299 2226 29 of of IN 12299 2226 30 the the DT 12299 2226 31 bolt bolt NN 12299 2226 32 . . . 12299 2227 1 The the DT 12299 2227 2 sides side NNS 12299 2227 3 of of IN 12299 2227 4 these these DT 12299 2227 5 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2227 6 will will MD 12299 2227 7 be be VB 12299 2227 8 surfaced surface VBN 12299 2227 9 and and CC 12299 2227 10 the the DT 12299 2227 11 ends end NNS 12299 2227 12 smooth smooth JJ 12299 2227 13 sawn sawn NN 12299 2227 14 . . . 12299 2228 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2228 2 Marking Marking NNP 12299 2228 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2228 4 : : : 12299 2228 5 Each each DT 12299 2228 6 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2228 7 will will MD 12299 2228 8 retain retain VB 12299 2228 9 the the DT 12299 2228 10 shipment shipment NN 12299 2228 11 , , , 12299 2228 12 piece piece NN 12299 2228 13 , , , 12299 2228 14 and and CC 12299 2228 15 stick stick NN 12299 2228 16 numbers number NNS 12299 2228 17 and and CC 12299 2228 18 mark mark NN 12299 2228 19 of of IN 12299 2228 20 the the DT 12299 2228 21 stick stick NN 12299 2228 22 from from IN 12299 2228 23 which which WDT 12299 2228 24 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2228 25 is be VBZ 12299 2228 26 cut cut VBN 12299 2228 27 , , , 12299 2228 28 and and CC 12299 2228 29 will will MD 12299 2228 30 have have VB 12299 2228 31 the the DT 12299 2228 32 additional additional JJ 12299 2228 33 mark mark NN 12299 2228 34 " " `` 12299 2228 35 _ _ NNP 12299 2228 36 S S NNP 12299 2228 37 _ _ NNP 12299 2228 38 . . . 12299 2228 39 " " '' 12299 2229 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2229 2 Manipulation Manipulation NNP 12299 2229 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2229 4 : : : 12299 2229 5 Soon soon RB 12299 2229 6 after after IN 12299 2229 7 cutting cut VBG 12299 2229 8 , , , 12299 2229 9 each each DT 12299 2229 10 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2229 11 will will MD 12299 2229 12 be be VB 12299 2229 13 weighed weigh VBN 12299 2229 14 and and CC 12299 2229 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2229 16 volume volume NN 12299 2229 17 will will MD 12299 2229 18 be be VB 12299 2229 19 determined determine VBN 12299 2229 20 by by IN 12299 2229 21 the the DT 12299 2229 22 method method NN 12299 2229 23 described describe VBN 12299 2229 24 below below RB 12299 2229 25 . . . 12299 2230 1 The the DT 12299 2230 2 rings ring NNS 12299 2230 3 per per IN 12299 2230 4 inch inch NN 12299 2230 5 and and CC 12299 2230 6 per per IN 12299 2230 7 cent cent NN 12299 2230 8 summer summer NN 12299 2230 9 wood wood NN 12299 2230 10 , , , 12299 2230 11 where where WRB 12299 2230 12 possible possible JJ 12299 2230 13 , , , 12299 2230 14 will will MD 12299 2230 15 be be VB 12299 2230 16 determined determine VBN 12299 2230 17 , , , 12299 2230 18 and and CC 12299 2230 19 a a DT 12299 2230 20 carbon carbon NN 12299 2230 21 impression impression NN 12299 2230 22 of of IN 12299 2230 23 the the DT 12299 2230 24 end end NN 12299 2230 25 of of IN 12299 2230 26 the the DT 12299 2230 27 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2230 28 made make VBN 12299 2230 29 . . . 12299 2231 1 It -PRON- PRP 12299 2231 2 will will MD 12299 2231 3 then then RB 12299 2231 4 be be VB 12299 2231 5 air air NN 12299 2231 6 - - HYPH 12299 2231 7 dried dry VBN 12299 2231 8 in in IN 12299 2231 9 the the DT 12299 2231 10 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2231 11 to to IN 12299 2231 12 a a DT 12299 2231 13 constant constant JJ 12299 2231 14 weight weight NN 12299 2231 15 and and CC 12299 2231 16 afterward afterward RB 12299 2231 17 oven oven RB 12299 2231 18 - - , 12299 2231 19 dried dry VBN 12299 2231 20 at at IN 12299 2231 21 100 100â CD 12299 2231 22 ° ° NNS 12299 2231 23 C C NNP 12299 2231 24 . . . 12299 2232 1 When when WRB 12299 2232 2 dry dry JJ 12299 2232 3 , , , 12299 2232 4 the the DT 12299 2232 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2232 6 will will MD 12299 2232 7 be be VB 12299 2232 8 taken take VBN 12299 2232 9 from from IN 12299 2232 10 the the DT 12299 2232 11 oven oven NN 12299 2232 12 , , , 12299 2232 13 weighed weigh VBD 12299 2232 14 , , , 12299 2232 15 and and CC 12299 2232 16 a a DT 12299 2232 17 carbon carbon NN 12299 2232 18 impression impression NN 12299 2232 19 of of IN 12299 2232 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2232 21 end end NN 12299 2232 22 made make VBN 12299 2232 23 . . . 12299 2233 1 While while IN 12299 2233 2 still still RB 12299 2233 3 warm warm VBP 12299 2233 4 the the DT 12299 2233 5 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2233 6 will will MD 12299 2233 7 be be VB 12299 2233 8 dipped dip VBN 12299 2233 9 in in IN 12299 2233 10 hot hot JJ 12299 2233 11 paraffine paraffine NN 12299 2233 12 . . . 12299 2234 1 The the DT 12299 2234 2 volume volume NN 12299 2234 3 will will MD 12299 2234 4 then then RB 12299 2234 5 be be VB 12299 2234 6 determined determine VBN 12299 2234 7 by by IN 12299 2234 8 the the DT 12299 2234 9 following following JJ 12299 2234 10 method method NN 12299 2234 11 : : : 12299 2234 12 On on IN 12299 2234 13 one one CD 12299 2234 14 pan pan NN 12299 2234 15 of of IN 12299 2234 16 a a DT 12299 2234 17 pair pair NN 12299 2234 18 of of IN 12299 2234 19 balances balance NNS 12299 2234 20 is be VBZ 12299 2234 21 placed place VBN 12299 2234 22 a a DT 12299 2234 23 container container NN 12299 2234 24 having have VBG 12299 2234 25 in in IN 12299 2234 26 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2234 27 water water NN 12299 2234 28 enough enough RB 12299 2234 29 for for IN 12299 2234 30 the the DT 12299 2234 31 complete complete JJ 12299 2234 32 submersion submersion NN 12299 2234 33 of of IN 12299 2234 34 the the DT 12299 2234 35 test test NN 12299 2234 36 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2234 37 . . . 12299 2235 1 This this DT 12299 2235 2 container container NN 12299 2235 3 and and CC 12299 2235 4 water water NN 12299 2235 5 is be VBZ 12299 2235 6 balanced balance VBN 12299 2235 7 by by IN 12299 2235 8 weights weight NNS 12299 2235 9 placed place VBN 12299 2235 10 on on IN 12299 2235 11 the the DT 12299 2235 12 other other JJ 12299 2235 13 scale scale NN 12299 2235 14 pan pan NN 12299 2235 15 . . . 12299 2236 1 The the DT 12299 2236 2 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2236 3 is be VBZ 12299 2236 4 then then RB 12299 2236 5 held hold VBN 12299 2236 6 completely completely RB 12299 2236 7 submerged submerged JJ 12299 2236 8 and and CC 12299 2236 9 not not RB 12299 2236 10 touching touch VBG 12299 2236 11 the the DT 12299 2236 12 container container NN 12299 2236 13 while while IN 12299 2236 14 the the DT 12299 2236 15 scales scale NNS 12299 2236 16 are be VBP 12299 2236 17 again again RB 12299 2236 18 balanced balanced JJ 12299 2236 19 . . . 12299 2237 1 The the DT 12299 2237 2 weight weight NN 12299 2237 3 required require VBN 12299 2237 4 to to TO 12299 2237 5 balance balance VB 12299 2237 6 is be VBZ 12299 2237 7 the the DT 12299 2237 8 weight weight NN 12299 2237 9 of of IN 12299 2237 10 water water NN 12299 2237 11 displaced displace VBN 12299 2237 12 by by IN 12299 2237 13 the the DT 12299 2237 14 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2237 15 , , , 12299 2237 16 and and CC 12299 2237 17 hence hence RB 12299 2237 18 if if IN 12299 2237 19 in in IN 12299 2237 20 grams gram NNS 12299 2237 21 is be VBZ 12299 2237 22 numerically numerically RB 12299 2237 23 equal equal JJ 12299 2237 24 to to IN 12299 2237 25 the the DT 12299 2237 26 volume volume NN 12299 2237 27 of of IN 12299 2237 28 the the DT 12299 2237 29 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2237 30 in in IN 12299 2237 31 cubic cubic JJ 12299 2237 32 centimetres centimetre NNS 12299 2237 33 . . . 12299 2238 1 A a DT 12299 2238 2 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 12299 2238 3 sketch sketch NN 12299 2238 4 of of IN 12299 2238 5 the the DT 12299 2238 6 arrangement arrangement NN 12299 2238 7 of of IN 12299 2238 8 this this DT 12299 2238 9 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 2238 10 is be VBZ 12299 2238 11 shown show VBN 12299 2238 12 in in IN 12299 2238 13 Fig Fig NNP 12299 2238 14 . . . 12299 2239 1 51 51 CD 12299 2239 2 . . . 12299 2240 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2240 2 Illustration illustration NN 12299 2240 3 : : : 12299 2240 4 FIG FIG NNP 12299 2240 5 . . . 12299 2241 1 51.--Diagram 51.--diagram CD 12299 2241 2 of of IN 12299 2241 3 specific specific JJ 12299 2241 4 gravity gravity NN 12299 2241 5 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 2241 6 , , , 12299 2241 7 showing show VBG 12299 2241 8 a a DT 12299 2241 9 balance balance NN 12299 2241 10 with with IN 12299 2241 11 container container NN 12299 2241 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2241 13 _ _ NNP 12299 2241 14 c c NNP 12299 2241 15 _ _ NNP 12299 2241 16 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2241 17 filled fill VBN 12299 2241 18 with with IN 12299 2241 19 water water NN 12299 2241 20 in in IN 12299 2241 21 which which WDT 12299 2241 22 the the DT 12299 2241 23 test test NN 12299 2241 24 block block NN 12299 2241 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2241 26 _ _ NNP 12299 2241 27 b b NNP 12299 2241 28 _ _ NNP 12299 2241 29 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2241 30 is be VBZ 12299 2241 31 held hold VBN 12299 2241 32 submerged submerge VBN 12299 2241 33 by by IN 12299 2241 34 a a DT 12299 2241 35 light light JJ 12299 2241 36 rod rod NN 12299 2241 37 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2241 38 _ _ NNP 12299 2241 39 a a DT 12299 2241 40 _ _ NNP 12299 2241 41 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2241 42 which which WDT 12299 2241 43 is be VBZ 12299 2241 44 adjustable adjustable JJ 12299 2241 45 vertically vertically RB 12299 2241 46 and and CC 12299 2241 47 provided provide VBN 12299 2241 48 with with IN 12299 2241 49 a a DT 12299 2241 50 sharp sharp JJ 12299 2241 51 point point NN 12299 2241 52 to to TO 12299 2241 53 be be VB 12299 2241 54 driven drive VBN 12299 2241 55 into into IN 12299 2241 56 the the DT 12299 2241 57 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2241 58 . . . 12299 2241 59 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2242 1 Air air NN 12299 2242 2 - - HYPH 12299 2242 3 dry dry JJ 12299 2242 4 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2242 5 will will MD 12299 2242 6 be be VB 12299 2242 7 dipped dip VBN 12299 2242 8 in in IN 12299 2242 9 water water NN 12299 2242 10 and and CC 12299 2242 11 then then RB 12299 2242 12 wiped wipe VBD 12299 2242 13 dry dry JJ 12299 2242 14 after after IN 12299 2242 15 the the DT 12299 2242 16 first first JJ 12299 2242 17 weighing weighing NN 12299 2242 18 and and CC 12299 2242 19 just just RB 12299 2242 20 before before IN 12299 2242 21 being be VBG 12299 2242 22 immersed immerse VBN 12299 2242 23 for for IN 12299 2242 24 weighing weigh VBG 12299 2242 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2242 26 displacement displacement NN 12299 2242 27 . . . 12299 2243 1 All all DT 12299 2243 2 displacement displacement NN 12299 2243 3 determinations determination NNS 12299 2243 4 will will MD 12299 2243 5 be be VB 12299 2243 6 made make VBN 12299 2243 7 as as RB 12299 2243 8 quickly quickly RB 12299 2243 9 as as IN 12299 2243 10 possible possible JJ 12299 2243 11 in in IN 12299 2243 12 order order NN 12299 2243 13 to to TO 12299 2243 14 minimize minimize VB 12299 2243 15 the the DT 12299 2243 16 absorption absorption NN 12299 2243 17 of of IN 12299 2243 18 water water NN 12299 2243 19 by by IN 12299 2243 20 the the DT 12299 2243 21 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2243 22 . . . 12299 2244 1 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 2244 2 VALUES values NN 12299 2244 3 FOR for IN 12299 2244 4 STRUCTURAL structural JJ 12299 2244 5 TIMBERS timber NNS 12299 2244 6 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2244 7 From from IN 12299 2244 8 Cir Cir NNP 12299 2244 9 . . . 12299 2245 1 189 189 CD 12299 2245 2 , , , 12299 2245 3 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2245 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2245 5 Service Service NNP 12299 2245 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2245 7 The the DT 12299 2245 8 following follow VBG 12299 2245 9 tables table NNS 12299 2245 10 bring bring VBP 12299 2245 11 together together RB 12299 2245 12 in in IN 12299 2245 13 condensed condense VBN 12299 2245 14 form form NN 12299 2245 15 the the DT 12299 2245 16 average average JJ 12299 2245 17 strength strength NN 12299 2245 18 values value NNS 12299 2245 19 resulting result VBG 12299 2245 20 from from IN 12299 2245 21 a a DT 12299 2245 22 large large JJ 12299 2245 23 number number NN 12299 2245 24 of of IN 12299 2245 25 tests test NNS 12299 2245 26 made make VBN 12299 2245 27 by by IN 12299 2245 28 the the DT 12299 2245 29 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2245 30 Service Service NNP 12299 2245 31 on on IN 12299 2245 32 the the DT 12299 2245 33 principal principal JJ 12299 2245 34 structural structural JJ 12299 2245 35 timbers timber NNS 12299 2245 36 of of IN 12299 2245 37 the the DT 12299 2245 38 United United NNP 12299 2245 39 States States NNP 12299 2245 40 . . . 12299 2246 1 These these DT 12299 2246 2 results result NNS 12299 2246 3 are be VBP 12299 2246 4 more more RBR 12299 2246 5 completely completely RB 12299 2246 6 discussed discuss VBN 12299 2246 7 in in IN 12299 2246 8 other other JJ 12299 2246 9 publications publication NNS 12299 2246 10 of of IN 12299 2246 11 the the DT 12299 2246 12 Service Service NNP 12299 2246 13 , , , 12299 2246 14 a a DT 12299 2246 15 list list NN 12299 2246 16 of of IN 12299 2246 17 which which WDT 12299 2246 18 is be VBZ 12299 2246 19 given give VBN 12299 2246 20 in in IN 12299 2246 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 12299 2246 22 , , , 12299 2246 23 PART PART NNP 12299 2246 24 III III NNP 12299 2246 25 . . . 12299 2247 1 The the DT 12299 2247 2 tests test NNS 12299 2247 3 were be VBD 12299 2247 4 made make VBN 12299 2247 5 at at IN 12299 2247 6 the the DT 12299 2247 7 laboratories laboratory NNS 12299 2247 8 of of IN 12299 2247 9 the the DT 12299 2247 10 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2247 11 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2247 12 Service Service NNP 12299 2247 13 , , , 12299 2247 14 in in IN 12299 2247 15 cooperation cooperation NN 12299 2247 16 with with IN 12299 2247 17 the the DT 12299 2247 18 following follow VBG 12299 2247 19 institutions institution NNS 12299 2247 20 : : : 12299 2247 21 Yale Yale NNP 12299 2247 22 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2247 23 School School NNP 12299 2247 24 , , , 12299 2247 25 Purdue Purdue NNP 12299 2247 26 University University NNP 12299 2247 27 , , , 12299 2247 28 University University NNP 12299 2247 29 of of IN 12299 2247 30 California California NNP 12299 2247 31 , , , 12299 2247 32 University University NNP 12299 2247 33 of of IN 12299 2247 34 Oregon Oregon NNP 12299 2247 35 , , , 12299 2247 36 University University NNP 12299 2247 37 of of IN 12299 2247 38 Washington Washington NNP 12299 2247 39 , , , 12299 2247 40 University University NNP 12299 2247 41 of of IN 12299 2247 42 Colorado Colorado NNP 12299 2247 43 , , , 12299 2247 44 and and CC 12299 2247 45 University University NNP 12299 2247 46 of of IN 12299 2247 47 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 12299 2247 48 . . . 12299 2248 1 Tables table NNS 12299 2248 2 XVIII xviii VBP 12299 2248 3 and and CC 12299 2248 4 XIX xix NN 12299 2248 5 give give VB 12299 2248 6 the the DT 12299 2248 7 average average JJ 12299 2248 8 results result NNS 12299 2248 9 obtained obtain VBN 12299 2248 10 from from IN 12299 2248 11 tests test NNS 12299 2248 12 on on IN 12299 2248 13 green green JJ 12299 2248 14 material material NN 12299 2248 15 , , , 12299 2248 16 while while IN 12299 2248 17 Tables table NNS 12299 2248 18 XX XX NNP 12299 2248 19 and and CC 12299 2248 20 XXI XXI NNP 12299 2248 21 give give VBP 12299 2248 22 average average JJ 12299 2248 23 results result NNS 12299 2248 24 from from IN 12299 2248 25 tests test NNS 12299 2248 26 on on IN 12299 2248 27 air air NN 12299 2248 28 - - HYPH 12299 2248 29 seasoned season VBN 12299 2248 30 material material NN 12299 2248 31 . . . 12299 2249 1 The the DT 12299 2249 2 small small JJ 12299 2249 3 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2249 4 , , , 12299 2249 5 which which WDT 12299 2249 6 were be VBD 12299 2249 7 invariably invariably RB 12299 2249 8 2 2 CD 12299 2249 9 " " `` 12299 2249 10 X x NN 12299 2249 11 2 2 CD 12299 2249 12 " " '' 12299 2249 13 in in IN 12299 2249 14 cross cross NN 12299 2249 15 section section NN 12299 2249 16 , , , 12299 2249 17 were be VBD 12299 2249 18 free free JJ 12299 2249 19 from from IN 12299 2249 20 defects defect NNS 12299 2249 21 such such JJ 12299 2249 22 as as IN 12299 2249 23 knots knot NNS 12299 2249 24 , , , 12299 2249 25 checks check NNS 12299 2249 26 , , , 12299 2249 27 and and CC 12299 2249 28 cross cross VB 12299 2249 29 grain grain NN 12299 2249 30 ; ; : 12299 2249 31 all all DT 12299 2249 32 other other JJ 12299 2249 33 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2249 34 were be VBD 12299 2249 35 representative representative JJ 12299 2249 36 of of IN 12299 2249 37 material material NN 12299 2249 38 secured secure VBN 12299 2249 39 in in IN 12299 2249 40 the the DT 12299 2249 41 open open JJ 12299 2249 42 market market NN 12299 2249 43 . . . 12299 2250 1 The the DT 12299 2250 2 relation relation NN 12299 2250 3 of of IN 12299 2250 4 stresses stress NNS 12299 2250 5 developed develop VBN 12299 2250 6 in in IN 12299 2250 7 different different JJ 12299 2250 8 structural structural JJ 12299 2250 9 forms form NNS 12299 2250 10 to to IN 12299 2250 11 those those DT 12299 2250 12 developed develop VBN 12299 2250 13 in in IN 12299 2250 14 the the DT 12299 2250 15 small small JJ 12299 2250 16 clear clear JJ 12299 2250 17 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2250 18 is be VBZ 12299 2250 19 shown show VBN 12299 2250 20 for for IN 12299 2250 21 each each DT 12299 2250 22 factor factor NN 12299 2250 23 in in IN 12299 2250 24 the the DT 12299 2250 25 column column NN 12299 2250 26 headed head VBN 12299 2250 27 " " `` 12299 2250 28 Ratio ratio NN 12299 2250 29 to to IN 12299 2250 30 2 2 CD 12299 2250 31 " " `` 12299 2250 32 X x NN 12299 2250 33 2 2 CD 12299 2250 34 " " '' 12299 2250 35 . . . 12299 2250 36 " " '' 12299 2251 1 Tests test NNS 12299 2251 2 to to TO 12299 2251 3 determine determine VB 12299 2251 4 the the DT 12299 2251 5 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2251 6 properties property NNS 12299 2251 7 of of IN 12299 2251 8 different different JJ 12299 2251 9 species specie NNS 12299 2251 10 are be VBP 12299 2251 11 often often RB 12299 2251 12 confined confine VBN 12299 2251 13 to to IN 12299 2251 14 small small JJ 12299 2251 15 , , , 12299 2251 16 clear clear JJ 12299 2251 17 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2251 18 . . . 12299 2252 1 The the DT 12299 2252 2 ratios ratio NNS 12299 2252 3 included include VBN 12299 2252 4 in in IN 12299 2252 5 the the DT 12299 2252 6 tables table NNS 12299 2252 7 may may MD 12299 2252 8 be be VB 12299 2252 9 applied apply VBN 12299 2252 10 to to IN 12299 2252 11 such such JJ 12299 2252 12 results result NNS 12299 2252 13 in in IN 12299 2252 14 order order NN 12299 2252 15 to to TO 12299 2252 16 approximate approximate VB 12299 2252 17 the the DT 12299 2252 18 strength strength NN 12299 2252 19 of of IN 12299 2252 20 the the DT 12299 2252 21 species specie NNS 12299 2252 22 in in IN 12299 2252 23 structural structural JJ 12299 2252 24 sizes size NNS 12299 2252 25 , , , 12299 2252 26 and and CC 12299 2252 27 containing contain VBG 12299 2252 28 the the DT 12299 2252 29 defects defect NNS 12299 2252 30 usually usually RB 12299 2252 31 encountered encounter VBN 12299 2252 32 , , , 12299 2252 33 when when WRB 12299 2252 34 tests test NNS 12299 2252 35 on on IN 12299 2252 36 such such JJ 12299 2252 37 forms form NNS 12299 2252 38 are be VBP 12299 2252 39 not not RB 12299 2252 40 available available JJ 12299 2252 41 . . . 12299 2253 1 A a DT 12299 2253 2 comparison comparison NN 12299 2253 3 of of IN 12299 2253 4 the the DT 12299 2253 5 results result NNS 12299 2253 6 of of IN 12299 2253 7 tests test NNS 12299 2253 8 on on IN 12299 2253 9 seasoned seasoned JJ 12299 2253 10 material material NN 12299 2253 11 with with IN 12299 2253 12 those those DT 12299 2253 13 from from IN 12299 2253 14 tests test NNS 12299 2253 15 on on IN 12299 2253 16 green green JJ 12299 2253 17 material material NN 12299 2253 18 shows show VBZ 12299 2253 19 that that IN 12299 2253 20 , , , 12299 2253 21 without without IN 12299 2253 22 exception exception NN 12299 2253 23 , , , 12299 2253 24 the the DT 12299 2253 25 strength strength NN 12299 2253 26 of of IN 12299 2253 27 the the DT 12299 2253 28 2 2 CD 12299 2253 29 " " `` 12299 2253 30 X x NN 12299 2253 31 2 2 CD 12299 2253 32 " " '' 12299 2253 33 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2253 34 is be VBZ 12299 2253 35 increased increase VBN 12299 2253 36 by by IN 12299 2253 37 lowering lower VBG 12299 2253 38 the the DT 12299 2253 39 moisture moisture NN 12299 2253 40 content content NN 12299 2253 41 , , , 12299 2253 42 but but CC 12299 2253 43 that that DT 12299 2253 44 increase increase NN 12299 2253 45 in in IN 12299 2253 46 strength strength NN 12299 2253 47 of of IN 12299 2253 48 other other JJ 12299 2253 49 sizes size NNS 12299 2253 50 is be VBZ 12299 2253 51 much much RB 12299 2253 52 more more RBR 12299 2253 53 erratic erratic JJ 12299 2253 54 . . . 12299 2254 1 Some some DT 12299 2254 2 specimens specimen NNS 12299 2254 3 , , , 12299 2254 4 in in IN 12299 2254 5 fact fact NN 12299 2254 6 , , , 12299 2254 7 show show VB 12299 2254 8 an an DT 12299 2254 9 apparent apparent JJ 12299 2254 10 loss loss NN 12299 2254 11 in in IN 12299 2254 12 strength strength NN 12299 2254 13 due due IN 12299 2254 14 to to IN 12299 2254 15 seasoning seasoning NN 12299 2254 16 . . . 12299 2255 1 If if IN 12299 2255 2 structural structural JJ 12299 2255 3 timbers timber NNS 12299 2255 4 are be VBP 12299 2255 5 seasoned season VBN 12299 2255 6 slowly slowly RB 12299 2255 7 , , , 12299 2255 8 in in IN 12299 2255 9 order order NN 12299 2255 10 to to TO 12299 2255 11 avoid avoid VB 12299 2255 12 excessive excessive JJ 12299 2255 13 checking checking NN 12299 2255 14 , , , 12299 2255 15 there there EX 12299 2255 16 should should MD 12299 2255 17 be be VB 12299 2255 18 an an DT 12299 2255 19 increase increase NN 12299 2255 20 in in IN 12299 2255 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2255 22 strength strength NN 12299 2255 23 . . . 12299 2256 1 In in IN 12299 2256 2 the the DT 12299 2256 3 light light NN 12299 2256 4 of of IN 12299 2256 5 these these DT 12299 2256 6 facts fact NNS 12299 2256 7 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2256 8 is be VBZ 12299 2256 9 not not RB 12299 2256 10 safe safe JJ 12299 2256 11 to to TO 12299 2256 12 base base VB 12299 2256 13 working working NN 12299 2256 14 stresses stress NNS 12299 2256 15 on on IN 12299 2256 16 results result NNS 12299 2256 17 secured secure VBN 12299 2256 18 from from IN 12299 2256 19 any any DT 12299 2256 20 but but CC 12299 2256 21 green green JJ 12299 2256 22 material material NN 12299 2256 23 . . . 12299 2257 1 For for IN 12299 2257 2 a a DT 12299 2257 3 discussion discussion NN 12299 2257 4 of of IN 12299 2257 5 factors factor NNS 12299 2257 6 of of IN 12299 2257 7 safety safety NN 12299 2257 8 and and CC 12299 2257 9 safe safe JJ 12299 2257 10 working working NN 12299 2257 11 stresses stress NNS 12299 2257 12 for for IN 12299 2257 13 structural structural JJ 12299 2257 14 timbers timber NNS 12299 2257 15 see see VBP 12299 2257 16 the the DT 12299 2257 17 Manual Manual NNP 12299 2257 18 of of IN 12299 2257 19 the the DT 12299 2257 20 American American NNP 12299 2257 21 Railway Railway NNP 12299 2257 22 Engineering Engineering NNP 12299 2257 23 Association Association NNP 12299 2257 24 , , , 12299 2257 25 Chicago Chicago NNP 12299 2257 26 , , , 12299 2257 27 1911 1911 CD 12299 2257 28 . . . 12299 2258 1 A a DT 12299 2258 2 table table NN 12299 2258 3 from from IN 12299 2258 4 that that DT 12299 2258 5 publication publication NN 12299 2258 6 , , , 12299 2258 7 giving give VBG 12299 2258 8 working work VBG 12299 2258 9 unit unit NN 12299 2258 10 stresses stress NNS 12299 2258 11 for for IN 12299 2258 12 structural structural JJ 12299 2258 13 timber timber NN 12299 2258 14 , , , 12299 2258 15 is be VBZ 12299 2258 16 reproduced reproduce VBN 12299 2258 17 in in IN 12299 2258 18 this this DT 12299 2258 19 book book NN 12299 2258 20 , , , 12299 2258 21 see see VB 12299 2258 22 Table table NN 12299 2258 23 XXII XXII NNP 12299 2258 24 . . . 12299 2259 1 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2259 2 | | NNS 12299 2259 3 TABLE table NN 12299 2259 4 XVIII xviii NN 12299 2259 5 TABLE TABLE NNS 12299 2259 6 XVIII xviii NN 12299 2259 7 | | CD 12299 2259 8 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2259 9 | | NN 12299 2259 10 BENDING bending NN 12299 2259 11 TESTS TESTS NNP 12299 2259 12 ON on IN 12299 2259 13 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 2259 14 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 2259 15 | | NNP 12299 2259 16 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2259 17 | | CD 12299 2259 18 | | NNP 12299 2259 19 Sizes Sizes NNP 12299 2259 20 | | NNP 12299 2259 21 | | NNP 12299 2259 22 | | NNP 12299 2259 23 | | NNS 12299 2259 24 F.S. F.S. NNS 12299 2260 1 at at IN 12299 2260 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2260 3 | | NNP 12299 2260 4 M. M. NNP 12299 2260 5 of of IN 12299 2260 6 R. R. NNP 12299 2260 7 | | NNP 12299 2260 8 M. M. NNP 12299 2260 9 of of IN 12299 2260 10 E. E. NNP 12299 2260 11 | | NNP 12299 2260 12 Calculated Calculated NNP 12299 2260 13 | | NNP 12299 2260 14 | | NNP 12299 2260 15 |-----------------| |-----------------| NNP 12299 2260 16 Num- Num- NNP 12299 2260 17 | | NNP 12299 2260 18 Per Per NNP 12299 2260 19 | | NNP 12299 2260 20 Rings Rings NNP 12299 2260 21 | | NNP 12299 2260 22 | | CD 12299 2260 23 | | CD 12299 2260 24 | | CD 12299 2260 25 shear shear NN 12299 2260 26 | | CD 12299 2260 27 | | NNP 12299 2260 28 Species Species NNPS 12299 2260 29 | | NNP 12299 2260 30 | | NNP 12299 2260 31 | | CD 12299 2260 32 ber ber NN 12299 2260 33 | | HYPH 12299 2260 34 cent cent NN 12299 2260 35 | | NNP 12299 2260 36 per per IN 12299 2260 37 |-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------| |-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------| NNP 12299 2260 38 | | NNP 12299 2260 39 | | NNP 12299 2260 40 Cross Cross NNP 12299 2260 41 | | NNP 12299 2260 42 Span Span NNP 12299 2260 43 | | NNP 12299 2260 44 of of IN 12299 2260 45 | | CD 12299 2260 46 mois- mois- JJ 12299 2260 47 | | HYPH 12299 2260 48 inch inch NN 12299 2260 49 | | NNP 12299 2260 50 Average average JJ 12299 2260 51 | | NNP 12299 2260 52 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2260 53 | | NNP 12299 2260 54 Average Average NNP 12299 2260 55 | | NNP 12299 2260 56 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2260 57 | | NNP 12299 2260 58 Average Average NNP 12299 2260 59 | | NNP 12299 2260 60 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2260 61 | | NNP 12299 2260 62 Average Average NNP 12299 2260 63 | | NNP 12299 2260 64 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2260 65 | | NNP 12299 2260 66 | | NNP 12299 2260 67 | | NNP 12299 2260 68 Section Section NNP 12299 2260 69 | | NNP 12299 2260 70 | | NNP 12299 2260 71 tests test NNS 12299 2260 72 | | CD 12299 2260 73 ture ture NN 12299 2260 74 | | CD 12299 2260 75 | | NNS 12299 2260 76 per per IN 12299 2260 77 sq sq NN 12299 2260 78 . . . 12299 2261 1 | | CD 12299 2261 2 to to IN 12299 2261 3 2 2 CD 12299 2261 4 " " '' 12299 2261 5 | | CD 12299 2261 6 per per IN 12299 2261 7 sq sq NN 12299 2261 8 . . . 12299 2262 1 | | CD 12299 2262 2 to to IN 12299 2262 3 2 2 CD 12299 2262 4 " " '' 12299 2262 5 | | CD 12299 2262 6 per per IN 12299 2262 7 sq sq NN 12299 2262 8 . . . 12299 2263 1 | | CD 12299 2263 2 to to IN 12299 2263 3 2 2 CD 12299 2263 4 " " '' 12299 2263 5 | | CD 12299 2263 6 per per IN 12299 2263 7 sq sq NN 12299 2263 8 . . . 12299 2264 1 | | CD 12299 2264 2 to to IN 12299 2264 3 2 2 CD 12299 2264 4 " " '' 12299 2264 5 | | NNP 12299 2264 6 | | NNP 12299 2264 7 | | CD 12299 2264 8 | | CD 12299 2264 9 | | CD 12299 2264 10 | | CD 12299 2264 11 | | CD 12299 2264 12 | | CD 12299 2264 13 inch inch NN 12299 2264 14 | | VBN 12299 2264 15 by by IN 12299 2264 16 2 2 CD 12299 2264 17 " " `` 12299 2264 18 | | CD 12299 2264 19 inch inch NN 12299 2264 20 | | VBN 12299 2264 21 by by IN 12299 2264 22 2 2 CD 12299 2264 23 " " `` 12299 2264 24 | | CD 12299 2264 25 inch inch NN 12299 2264 26 | | VBN 12299 2264 27 by by IN 12299 2264 28 2 2 CD 12299 2264 29 " " `` 12299 2264 30 | | CD 12299 2264 31 inch inch NN 12299 2264 32 | | VBN 12299 2264 33 by by IN 12299 2264 34 2 2 CD 12299 2264 35 " " `` 12299 2264 36 | | NNP 12299 2264 37 |-----------------+----------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------| |-----------------+----------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------| NNP 12299 2264 38 | | CD 12299 2264 39 | | NNP 12299 2264 40 | | CD 12299 2264 41 | | CD 12299 2264 42 | | CD 12299 2264 43 | | CD 12299 2264 44 | | CD 12299 2264 45 | | CD 12299 2264 46 | | CD 12299 2264 47 | | CD 12299 2264 48 | | CD 12299 2264 49 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 2264 50 | | CD 12299 2264 51 | | CD 12299 2264 52 | | CD 12299 2264 53 | | CD 12299 2264 54 | | CD 12299 2264 55 | | NNP 12299 2264 56 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2264 57 | | NNP 12299 2264 58 Ins Ins NNP 12299 2264 59 . . . 12299 2265 1 | | NNP 12299 2265 2 | | CD 12299 2265 3 | | CD 12299 2265 4 | | NNP 12299 2265 5 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2265 6 . . . 12299 2266 1 | | NNP 12299 2266 2 | | NNP 12299 2266 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2266 4 . . . 12299 2267 1 | | NNS 12299 2267 2 | | NNP 12299 2267 3 lbs lbs NN 12299 2267 4 . . . 12299 2268 1 | | NNP 12299 2268 2 | | NNP 12299 2268 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2268 4 . . . 12299 2269 1 | | NNP 12299 2269 2 | | CD 12299 2269 3 | | CD 12299 2269 4 | | CD 12299 2269 5 | | CD 12299 2269 6 | | CD 12299 2269 7 | | CD 12299 2269 8 | | CD 12299 2269 9 | | CD 12299 2269 10 | | CD 12299 2269 11 | | CD 12299 2269 12 | | CD 12299 2269 13 | | CD 12299 2269 14 | | CD 12299 2269 15 | | CD 12299 2269 16 | | CD 12299 2269 17 | | CD 12299 2269 18 | | NNP 12299 2269 19 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 2269 20 pine pine NN 12299 2269 21 | | CD 12299 2269 22 12 12 CD 12299 2269 23 by by IN 12299 2269 24 12 12 CD 12299 2269 25 | | CD 12299 2269 26 138 138 CD 12299 2269 27 | | CD 12299 2269 28 4 4 CD 12299 2269 29 | | CD 12299 2269 30 28.6 28.6 CD 12299 2269 31 | | CD 12299 2269 32 9.7 9.7 CD 12299 2269 33 | | CD 12299 2269 34 4,029 4,029 CD 12299 2269 35 | | CD 12299 2269 36 0.83 0.83 CD 12299 2269 37 | | CD 12299 2269 38 6,710 6,710 CD 12299 2269 39 | | CD 12299 2269 40 0.74 0.74 CD 12299 2269 41 | | CD 12299 2269 42 1,523 1,523 CD 12299 2269 43 | | CD 12299 2269 44 0.99 0.99 CD 12299 2269 45 | | CD 12299 2269 46 261 261 CD 12299 2269 47 | | CD 12299 2269 48 0.86 0.86 CD 12299 2269 49 | | NNP 12299 2269 50 | | CD 12299 2269 51 | | CD 12299 2269 52 10 10 CD 12299 2269 53 by by IN 12299 2269 54 16 16 CD 12299 2269 55 | | CD 12299 2269 56 168 168 CD 12299 2269 57 | | CD 12299 2269 58 4 4 CD 12299 2269 59 | | CD 12299 2269 60 26.8 26.8 CD 12299 2269 61 | | CD 12299 2269 62 16.7 16.7 CD 12299 2269 63 | | CD 12299 2269 64 6,453 6,453 CD 12299 2269 65 | | CD 12299 2269 66 .85 .85 SYM 12299 2269 67 | | CD 12299 2269 68 6,453 6,453 CD 12299 2269 69 | | CD 12299 2269 70 .71 .71 CD 12299 2269 71 | | CD 12299 2269 72 1,626 1,626 CD 12299 2269 73 | | CD 12299 2269 74 1.05 1.05 CD 12299 2269 75 | | CD 12299 2269 76 306 306 CD 12299 2269 77 | | CD 12299 2269 78 1.01 1.01 CD 12299 2269 79 | | CD 12299 2269 80 | | CD 12299 2269 81 | | CD 12299 2269 82 8 8 CD 12299 2269 83 by by IN 12299 2269 84 16 16 CD 12299 2269 85 | | CD 12299 2269 86 156 156 CD 12299 2269 87 | | CD 12299 2269 88 7 7 CD 12299 2269 89 | | CD 12299 2269 90 28.4 28.4 CD 12299 2269 91 | | CD 12299 2269 92 14.6 14.6 CD 12299 2269 93 | | CD 12299 2269 94 3,147 3,147 CD 12299 2269 95 | | CD 12299 2269 96 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 97 | | CD 12299 2269 98 5,439 5,439 CD 12299 2269 99 | | CD 12299 2269 100 .60 .60 CD 12299 2269 101 | | CD 12299 2269 102 1,368 1,368 CD 12299 2269 103 | | CD 12299 2269 104 .89 .89 CD 12299 2269 105 | | CD 12299 2269 106 390 390 CD 12299 2269 107 | | CD 12299 2269 108 1.29 1.29 CD 12299 2269 109 | | CD 12299 2269 110 | | CD 12299 2269 111 | | CD 12299 2269 112 6 6 CD 12299 2269 113 by by IN 12299 2269 114 16 16 CD 12299 2269 115 | | CD 12299 2269 116 132 132 CD 12299 2269 117 | | CD 12299 2269 118 1 1 CD 12299 2269 119 | | CD 12299 2269 120 40.3 40.3 CD 12299 2269 121 | | CD 12299 2269 122 21.8 21.8 CD 12299 2269 123 | | CD 12299 2269 124 4,120 4,120 CD 12299 2269 125 | | CD 12299 2269 126 .83 .83 CD 12299 2269 127 | | CD 12299 2269 128 6,460 6,460 CD 12299 2269 129 | | CD 12299 2269 130 .71 .71 CD 12299 2269 131 | | CD 12299 2269 132 1,190 1,190 CD 12299 2269 133 | | CD 12299 2269 134 .77 .77 CD 12299 2269 135 | | CD 12299 2269 136 378 378 CD 12299 2269 137 | | CD 12299 2269 138 1.25 1.25 CD 12299 2269 139 | | CD 12299 2269 140 | | CD 12299 2269 141 | | CD 12299 2269 142 6 6 CD 12299 2269 143 by by IN 12299 2269 144 10 10 CD 12299 2269 145 | | CD 12299 2269 146 180 180 CD 12299 2269 147 | | CD 12299 2269 148 1 1 CD 12299 2269 149 | | CD 12299 2269 150 31.0 31.0 CD 12299 2269 151 | | CD 12299 2269 152 6.2 6.2 CD 12299 2269 153 | | CD 12299 2269 154 3,580 3,580 CD 12299 2269 155 | | CD 12299 2269 156 .72 .72 SYM 12299 2269 157 | | CD 12299 2269 158 6,500 6,500 CD 12299 2269 159 | | CD 12299 2269 160 .72 .72 SYM 12299 2269 161 | | CD 12299 2269 162 1,412 1,412 CD 12299 2269 163 | | CD 12299 2269 164 .92 .92 CD 12299 2269 165 | | CD 12299 2269 166 175 175 CD 12299 2269 167 | | CD 12299 2269 168 .58 .58 CD 12299 2269 169 | | CD 12299 2269 170 | | CD 12299 2269 171 | | CD 12299 2269 172 6 6 CD 12299 2269 173 by by IN 12299 2269 174 8 8 CD 12299 2269 175 | | CD 12299 2269 176 180 180 CD 12299 2269 177 | | CD 12299 2269 178 2 2 CD 12299 2269 179 | | CD 12299 2269 180 27.0 27.0 CD 12299 2269 181 | | CD 12299 2269 182 8.2 8.2 CD 12299 2269 183 | | CD 12299 2269 184 3,735 3,735 CD 12299 2269 185 | | CD 12299 2269 186 .75 .75 CD 12299 2269 187 | | CD 12299 2269 188 5,745 5,745 CD 12299 2269 189 | | CD 12299 2269 190 .63 .63 CD 12299 2269 191 | | CD 12299 2269 192 1,282 1,282 CD 12299 2269 193 | | CD 12299 2269 194 .83 .83 CD 12299 2269 195 | | CD 12299 2269 196 121 121 CD 12299 2269 197 | | CD 12299 2269 198 .40 .40 CD 12299 2269 199 | | CD 12299 2269 200 | | CD 12299 2269 201 | | CD 12299 2269 202 2 2 CD 12299 2269 203 by by IN 12299 2269 204 2 2 CD 12299 2269 205 | | CD 12299 2269 206 30 30 CD 12299 2269 207 | | CD 12299 2269 208 15 15 CD 12299 2269 209 | | CD 12299 2269 210 33.9 33.9 CD 12299 2269 211 | | CD 12299 2269 212 14.1 14.1 CD 12299 2269 213 | | CD 12299 2269 214 4,950 4,950 CD 12299 2269 215 | | CD 12299 2269 216 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 217 | | CD 12299 2269 218 9,070 9,070 CD 12299 2269 219 | | CD 12299 2269 220 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 221 | | CD 12299 2269 222 1,540 1,540 CD 12299 2269 223 | | CD 12299 2269 224 1:00 1:00 CD 12299 2269 225 | | CD 12299 2269 226 303 303 CD 12299 2269 227 | | CD 12299 2269 228 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 229 | | CD 12299 2269 230 | | NNP 12299 2269 231 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2269 232 fir fir NN 12299 2269 233 | | CD 12299 2269 234 8 8 CD 12299 2269 235 by by IN 12299 2269 236 16 16 CD 12299 2269 237 | | CD 12299 2269 238 180 180 CD 12299 2269 239 | | CD 12299 2269 240 191 191 CD 12299 2269 241 | | CD 12299 2269 242 31.5 31.5 CD 12299 2269 243 | | CD 12299 2269 244 11.0 11.0 CD 12299 2269 245 | | CD 12299 2269 246 3,968 3,968 CD 12299 2269 247 | | CD 12299 2269 248 .76 .76 CD 12299 2269 249 | | CD 12299 2269 250 5,983 5,983 CD 12299 2269 251 | | CD 12299 2269 252 .72 .72 SYM 12299 2269 253 | | CD 12299 2269 254 1,517 1,517 CD 12299 2269 255 | | CD 12299 2269 256 .95 .95 CD 12299 2269 257 | | CD 12299 2269 258 269 269 CD 12299 2269 259 | | CD 12299 2269 260 .81 .81 CD 12299 2269 261 | | CD 12299 2269 262 | | CD 12299 2269 263 | | CD 12299 2269 264 5 5 CD 12299 2269 265 by by IN 12299 2269 266 8 8 CD 12299 2269 267 | | CD 12299 2269 268 180 180 CD 12299 2269 269 | | CD 12299 2269 270 84 84 CD 12299 2269 271 | | CD 12299 2269 272 30.1 30.1 CD 12299 2269 273 | | CD 12299 2269 274 10.8 10.8 CD 12299 2269 275 | | CD 12299 2269 276 3,693 3,693 CD 12299 2269 277 | | CD 12299 2269 278 .71 .71 CD 12299 2269 279 | | CD 12299 2269 280 5,178 5,178 CD 12299 2269 281 | | CD 12299 2269 282 .63 .63 CD 12299 2269 283 | | CD 12299 2269 284 1,533 1,533 CD 12299 2269 285 | | CD 12299 2269 286 .96 .96 SYM 12299 2269 287 | | CD 12299 2269 288 172 172 CD 12299 2269 289 | | CD 12299 2269 290 .52 .52 CD 12299 2269 291 | | CD 12299 2269 292 | | CD 12299 2269 293 | | CD 12299 2269 294 2 2 CD 12299 2269 295 by by IN 12299 2269 296 12 12 CD 12299 2269 297 | | CD 12299 2269 298 180 180 CD 12299 2269 299 | | CD 12299 2269 300 27 27 CD 12299 2269 301 | | CD 12299 2269 302 35.7 35.7 CD 12299 2269 303 | | CD 12299 2269 304 20.3 20.3 CD 12299 2269 305 | | CD 12299 2269 306 3,721 3,721 CD 12299 2269 307 | | CD 12299 2269 308 .71 .71 CD 12299 2269 309 | | NNP 12299 2269 310 5,276 5,276 CD 12299 2269 311 | | CD 12299 2269 312 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 313 | | CD 12299 2269 314 1,642 1,642 CD 12299 2269 315 | | CD 12299 2269 316 1.03 1.03 CD 12299 2269 317 | | CD 12299 2269 318 256 256 CD 12299 2269 319 | | CD 12299 2269 320 .77 .77 CD 12299 2269 321 | | NNP 12299 2269 322 | | CD 12299 2269 323 | | CD 12299 2269 324 2 2 CD 12299 2269 325 by by IN 12299 2269 326 10 10 CD 12299 2269 327 | | CD 12299 2269 328 180 180 CD 12299 2269 329 | | CD 12299 2269 330 26 26 CD 12299 2269 331 | | CD 12299 2269 332 32.9 32.9 CD 12299 2269 333 | | CD 12299 2269 334 21.6 21.6 CD 12299 2269 335 | | CD 12299 2269 336 3,160 3,160 CD 12299 2269 337 | | CD 12299 2269 338 .60 .60 CD 12299 2269 339 | | CD 12299 2269 340 4,699 4,699 CD 12299 2269 341 | | CD 12299 2269 342 .57 .57 CD 12299 2269 343 | | CD 12299 2269 344 1,593 1,593 CD 12299 2269 345 | | CD 12299 2269 346 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 347 | | CD 12299 2269 348 189 189 CD 12299 2269 349 | | CD 12299 2269 350 .57 .57 CD 12299 2269 351 | | CD 12299 2269 352 | | CD 12299 2269 353 | | CD 12299 2269 354 2 2 CD 12299 2269 355 by by IN 12299 2269 356 8 8 CD 12299 2269 357 | | CD 12299 2269 358 180 180 CD 12299 2269 359 | | CD 12299 2269 360 29 29 CD 12299 2269 361 | | CD 12299 2269 362 33.6 33.6 CD 12299 2269 363 | | CD 12299 2269 364 17.6 17.6 CD 12299 2269 365 | | CD 12299 2269 366 3,593 3,593 CD 12299 2269 367 | | CD 12299 2269 368 .69 .69 CD 12299 2269 369 | | CD 12299 2269 370 5,352 5,352 CD 12299 2269 371 | | CD 12299 2269 372 .65 .65 CD 12299 2269 373 | | CD 12299 2269 374 1,607 1,607 CD 12299 2269 375 | | CD 12299 2269 376 1.01 1.01 CD 12299 2269 377 | | CD 12299 2269 378 171 171 CD 12299 2269 379 | | CD 12299 2269 380 .51 .51 CD 12299 2269 381 | | CD 12299 2269 382 | | CD 12299 2269 383 | | CD 12299 2269 384 2 2 CD 12299 2269 385 by by IN 12299 2269 386 2 2 CD 12299 2269 387 | | CD 12299 2269 388 24 24 CD 12299 2269 389 | | CD 12299 2269 390 568 568 CD 12299 2269 391 | | CD 12299 2269 392 30.4 30.4 CD 12299 2269 393 | | CD 12299 2269 394 11.6 11.6 CD 12299 2269 395 | | CD 12299 2269 396 5,227 5,227 CD 12299 2269 397 | | CD 12299 2269 398 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 399 | | CD 12299 2269 400 9,070 9,070 CD 12299 2269 401 | | CD 12299 2269 402 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 403 | | CD 12299 2269 404 1,540 1,540 CD 12299 2269 405 | | CD 12299 2269 406 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 407 | | CD 12299 2269 408 303 303 CD 12299 2269 409 | | CD 12299 2269 410 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 411 | | CD 12299 2269 412 | | NNP 12299 2269 413 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2269 414 fir fir NN 12299 2269 415 | | NNP 12299 2269 416 | | NNP 12299 2269 417 | | CD 12299 2269 418 | | CD 12299 2269 419 | | CD 12299 2269 420 | | CD 12299 2269 421 | | CD 12299 2269 422 | | CD 12299 2269 423 | | CD 12299 2269 424 | | CD 12299 2269 425 | | CD 12299 2269 426 | | CD 12299 2269 427 | | CD 12299 2269 428 | | CD 12299 2269 429 | | NNS 12299 2269 430 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2269 431 fire fire NN 12299 2269 432 - - HYPH 12299 2269 433 killed kill VBN 12299 2269 434 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2269 435 | | NNP 12299 2269 436 8 8 CD 12299 2269 437 by by IN 12299 2269 438 16 16 CD 12299 2269 439 | | CD 12299 2269 440 180 180 CD 12299 2269 441 | | CD 12299 2269 442 30 30 CD 12299 2269 443 | | CD 12299 2269 444 36.8 36.8 CD 12299 2269 445 | | CD 12299 2269 446 10.9 10.9 CD 12299 2269 447 | | CD 12299 2269 448 3,503 3,503 CD 12299 2269 449 | | CD 12299 2269 450 .80 .80 CD 12299 2269 451 | | CD 12299 2269 452 4,994 4,994 CD 12299 2269 453 | | CD 12299 2269 454 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 455 | | CD 12299 2269 456 1,531 1,531 CD 12299 2269 457 | | NNP 12299 2269 458 .94 .94 CD 12299 2269 459 | | CD 12299 2269 460 330 330 CD 12299 2269 461 | | CD 12299 2269 462 1.19 1.19 CD 12299 2269 463 | | CD 12299 2269 464 | | CD 12299 2269 465 | | CD 12299 2269 466 2 2 CD 12299 2269 467 by by IN 12299 2269 468 12 12 CD 12299 2269 469 | | CD 12299 2269 470 180 180 CD 12299 2269 471 | | CD 12299 2269 472 32 32 CD 12299 2269 473 | | CD 12299 2269 474 34.2 34.2 CD 12299 2269 475 | | CD 12299 2269 476 17.7 17.7 CD 12299 2269 477 | | CD 12299 2269 478 3,489 3,489 CD 12299 2269 479 | | CD 12299 2269 480 .80 .80 CD 12299 2269 481 | | CD 12299 2269 482 5,085 5,085 CD 12299 2269 483 | | CD 12299 2269 484 .66 .66 CD 12299 2269 485 | | CD 12299 2269 486 1,624 1,624 CD 12299 2269 487 | | CD 12299 2269 488 .99 .99 CD 12299 2269 489 | | CD 12299 2269 490 247 247 CD 12299 2269 491 | | CD 12299 2269 492 .89 .89 CD 12299 2269 493 | | CD 12299 2269 494 | | CD 12299 2269 495 | | CD 12299 2269 496 2 2 CD 12299 2269 497 by by IN 12299 2269 498 10 10 CD 12299 2269 499 | | CD 12299 2269 500 180 180 CD 12299 2269 501 | | CD 12299 2269 502 32 32 CD 12299 2269 503 | | CD 12299 2269 504 38.9 38.9 CD 12299 2269 505 | | CD 12299 2269 506 18.1 18.1 CD 12299 2269 507 | | CD 12299 2269 508 3,851 3,851 CD 12299 2269 509 | | CD 12299 2269 510 .88 .88 CD 12299 2269 511 | | CD 12299 2269 512 5,359 5,359 CD 12299 2269 513 | | CD 12299 2269 514 .69 .69 CD 12299 2269 515 | | CD 12299 2269 516 1,716 1,716 CD 12299 2269 517 | | CD 12299 2269 518 1.05 1.05 CD 12299 2269 519 | | CD 12299 2269 520 216 216 CD 12299 2269 521 | | CD 12299 2269 522 .78 .78 CD 12299 2269 523 | | CD 12299 2269 524 | | CD 12299 2269 525 | | CD 12299 2269 526 2 2 CD 12299 2269 527 by by IN 12299 2269 528 8 8 CD 12299 2269 529 | | CD 12299 2269 530 180 180 CD 12299 2269 531 | | CD 12299 2269 532 31 31 CD 12299 2269 533 | | CD 12299 2269 534 37.0 37.0 CD 12299 2269 535 | | CD 12299 2269 536 15.7 15.7 CD 12299 2269 537 | | CD 12299 2269 538 3,403 3,403 CD 12299 2269 539 | | CD 12299 2269 540 .78 .78 CD 12299 2269 541 | | CD 12299 2269 542 5,305 5,305 CD 12299 2269 543 | | CD 12299 2269 544 .68 .68 CD 12299 2269 545 | | CD 12299 2269 546 1,676 1,676 CD 12299 2269 547 | | CD 12299 2269 548 1.02 1.02 CD 12299 2269 549 | | CD 12299 2269 550 169 169 CD 12299 2269 551 | | CD 12299 2269 552 .61 .61 CD 12299 2269 553 | | CD 12299 2269 554 | | CD 12299 2269 555 | | CD 12299 2269 556 2 2 CD 12299 2269 557 by by IN 12299 2269 558 2 2 CD 12299 2269 559 | | CD 12299 2269 560 30 30 CD 12299 2269 561 | | CD 12299 2269 562 290 290 CD 12299 2269 563 | | CD 12299 2269 564 33.2 33.2 CD 12299 2269 565 | | CD 12299 2269 566 17.2 17.2 CD 12299 2269 567 | | CD 12299 2269 568 4,360 4,360 CD 12299 2269 569 | | CD 12299 2269 570 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 571 | | CD 12299 2269 572 7,752 7,752 CD 12299 2269 573 | | CD 12299 2269 574 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 575 | | CD 12299 2269 576 1,636 1,636 CD 12299 2269 577 | | CD 12299 2269 578 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 579 | | CD 12299 2269 580 277 277 CD 12299 2269 581 | | CD 12299 2269 582 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 583 | | CD 12299 2269 584 | | NNP 12299 2269 585 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 2269 586 pine pine NN 12299 2269 587 | | CD 12299 2269 588 8 8 CD 12299 2269 589 by by IN 12299 2269 590 16 16 CD 12299 2269 591 | | CD 12299 2269 592 180 180 CD 12299 2269 593 | | CD 12299 2269 594 12 12 CD 12299 2269 595 | | CD 12299 2269 596 39.5 39.5 CD 12299 2269 597 | | CD 12299 2269 598 12.1 12.1 CD 12299 2269 599 | | CD 12299 2269 600 3,185 3,185 CD 12299 2269 601 | | CD 12299 2269 602 .73 .73 CD 12299 2269 603 | | CD 12299 2269 604 5,407 5,407 CD 12299 2269 605 | | CD 12299 2269 606 .70 .70 CD 12299 2269 607 | | CD 12299 2269 608 1,438 1,438 CD 12299 2269 609 | | CD 12299 2269 610 1.03 1.03 CD 12299 2269 611 | | CD 12299 2269 612 362 362 CD 12299 2269 613 | | CD 12299 2269 614 1.40 1.40 CD 12299 2269 615 | | CD 12299 2269 616 | | CD 12299 2269 617 | | CD 12299 2269 618 8 8 CD 12299 2269 619 by by IN 12299 2269 620 14 14 CD 12299 2269 621 | | CD 12299 2269 622 180 180 CD 12299 2269 623 | | CD 12299 2269 624 12 12 CD 12299 2269 625 | | CD 12299 2269 626 45.8 45.8 CD 12299 2269 627 | | CD 12299 2269 628 12.7 12.7 CD 12299 2269 629 | | CD 12299 2269 630 3,234 3,234 CD 12299 2269 631 | | CD 12299 2269 632 .74 .74 CD 12299 2269 633 | | CD 12299 2269 634 5,781 5,781 CD 12299 2269 635 | | CD 12299 2269 636 .75 .75 CD 12299 2269 637 | | NNP 12299 2269 638 1,494 1,494 CD 12299 2269 639 | | CD 12299 2269 640 1.07 1.07 CD 12299 2269 641 | | CD 12299 2269 642 338 338 CD 12299 2269 643 | | CD 12299 2269 644 1.31 1.31 CD 12299 2269 645 | | CD 12299 2269 646 | | CD 12299 2269 647 | | CD 12299 2269 648 8 8 CD 12299 2269 649 by by IN 12299 2269 650 12 12 CD 12299 2269 651 | | CD 12299 2269 652 180 180 CD 12299 2269 653 | | CD 12299 2269 654 24 24 CD 12299 2269 655 | | CD 12299 2269 656 52.2 52.2 CD 12299 2269 657 | | CD 12299 2269 658 11.8 11.8 CD 12299 2269 659 | | CD 12299 2269 660 3,265 3,265 CD 12299 2269 661 | | CD 12299 2269 662 .75 .75 CD 12299 2269 663 | | CD 12299 2269 664 5,503 5,503 CD 12299 2269 665 | | CD 12299 2269 666 .71 .71 CD 12299 2269 667 | | CD 12299 2269 668 1,480 1,480 CD 12299 2269 669 | | CD 12299 2269 670 1.06 1.06 CD 12299 2269 671 | | CD 12299 2269 672 277 277 CD 12299 2269 673 | | CD 12299 2269 674 1.07 1.07 CD 12299 2269 675 | | CD 12299 2269 676 | | CD 12299 2269 677 | | CD 12299 2269 678 5 5 CD 12299 2269 679 by by IN 12299 2269 680 8 8 CD 12299 2269 681 | | CD 12299 2269 682 180 180 CD 12299 2269 683 | | CD 12299 2269 684 24 24 CD 12299 2269 685 | | CD 12299 2269 686 47.8 47.8 CD 12299 2269 687 | | CD 12299 2269 688 11.5 11.5 CD 12299 2269 689 | | CD 12299 2269 690 3,519 3,519 CD 12299 2269 691 | | CD 12299 2269 692 .81 .81 CD 12299 2269 693 | | CD 12299 2269 694 5,732 5,732 CD 12299 2269 695 | | CD 12299 2269 696 .74 .74 CD 12299 2269 697 | | CD 12299 2269 698 1,485 1,485 CD 12299 2269 699 | | CD 12299 2269 700 1.06 1.06 CD 12299 2269 701 | | CD 12299 2269 702 185 185 CD 12299 2269 703 | | CD 12299 2269 704 .72 .72 SYM 12299 2269 705 | | CD 12299 2269 706 | | CD 12299 2269 707 | | CD 12299 2269 708 2 2 CD 12299 2269 709 by by IN 12299 2269 710 2 2 CD 12299 2269 711 | | CD 12299 2269 712 30 30 CD 12299 2269 713 | | CD 12299 2269 714 254 254 CD 12299 2269 715 | | CD 12299 2269 716 51.7 51.7 CD 12299 2269 717 | | CD 12299 2269 718 13.6 13.6 CD 12299 2269 719 | | CD 12299 2269 720 4,350 4,350 CD 12299 2269 721 | | CD 12299 2269 722 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 723 | | CD 12299 2269 724 7,710 7,710 CD 12299 2269 725 | | CD 12299 2269 726 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 727 | | CD 12299 2269 728 1,395 1,395 CD 12299 2269 729 | | CD 12299 2269 730 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 731 | | CD 12299 2269 732 258 258 CD 12299 2269 733 | | CD 12299 2269 734 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 735 | | CD 12299 2269 736 | | JJ 12299 2269 737 Western western JJ 12299 2269 738 larch larch NN 12299 2269 739 | | CD 12299 2269 740 8 8 CD 12299 2269 741 by by IN 12299 2269 742 16 16 CD 12299 2269 743 | | CD 12299 2269 744 180 180 CD 12299 2269 745 | | CD 12299 2269 746 32 32 CD 12299 2269 747 | | CD 12299 2269 748 51.0 51.0 CD 12299 2269 749 | | CD 12299 2269 750 25.3 25.3 CD 12299 2269 751 | | CD 12299 2269 752 3,276 3,276 CD 12299 2269 753 | | CD 12299 2269 754 .77 .77 CD 12299 2269 755 | | CD 12299 2269 756 4,632 4,632 CD 12299 2269 757 | | CD 12299 2269 758 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 759 | | CD 12299 2269 760 1,272 1,272 CD 12299 2269 761 | | CD 12299 2269 762 .97 .97 CD 12299 2269 763 | | CD 12299 2269 764 298 298 CD 12299 2269 765 | | CD 12299 2269 766 1.11 1.11 CD 12299 2269 767 | | CD 12299 2269 768 | | CD 12299 2269 769 | | CD 12299 2269 770 8 8 CD 12299 2269 771 by by IN 12299 2269 772 12 12 CD 12299 2269 773 | | CD 12299 2269 774 180 180 CD 12299 2269 775 | | CD 12299 2269 776 30 30 CD 12299 2269 777 | | CD 12299 2269 778 50.3 50.3 CD 12299 2269 779 | | CD 12299 2269 780 23.2 23.2 CD 12299 2269 781 | | CD 12299 2269 782 3,376 3,376 CD 12299 2269 783 | | CD 12299 2269 784 .79 .79 CD 12299 2269 785 | | NNP 12299 2269 786 5,286 5,286 CD 12299 2269 787 | | CD 12299 2269 788 .73 .73 CD 12299 2269 789 | | NNP 12299 2269 790 1,331 1,331 CD 12299 2269 791 | | CD 12299 2269 792 1.02 1.02 CD 12299 2269 793 | | CD 12299 2269 794 254 254 CD 12299 2269 795 | | CD 12299 2269 796 .94 .94 CD 12299 2269 797 | | NNP 12299 2269 798 | | CD 12299 2269 799 | | CD 12299 2269 800 5 5 CD 12299 2269 801 by by IN 12299 2269 802 8 8 CD 12299 2269 803 | | CD 12299 2269 804 180 180 CD 12299 2269 805 | | CD 12299 2269 806 14 14 CD 12299 2269 807 | | CD 12299 2269 808 56.0 56.0 CD 12299 2269 809 | | CD 12299 2269 810 25.6 25.6 CD 12299 2269 811 | | CD 12299 2269 812 3,528 3,528 CD 12299 2269 813 | | CD 12299 2269 814 .83 .83 CD 12299 2269 815 | | CD 12299 2269 816 5,331 5,331 CD 12299 2269 817 | | CD 12299 2269 818 .74 .74 CD 12299 2269 819 | | CD 12299 2269 820 1,432 1,432 CD 12299 2269 821 | | CD 12299 2269 822 1.09 1.09 CD 12299 2269 823 | | CD 12299 2269 824 169 169 CD 12299 2269 825 | | CD 12299 2269 826 .63 .63 CD 12299 2269 827 | | CD 12299 2269 828 | | CD 12299 2269 829 | | CD 12299 2269 830 2 2 CD 12299 2269 831 by by IN 12299 2269 832 2 2 CD 12299 2269 833 | | CD 12299 2269 834 28 28 CD 12299 2269 835 | | CD 12299 2269 836 189 189 CD 12299 2269 837 | | CD 12299 2269 838 46.2 46.2 CD 12299 2269 839 | | CD 12299 2269 840 26.2 26.2 CD 12299 2269 841 | | CD 12299 2269 842 4,274 4,274 CD 12299 2269 843 | | CD 12299 2269 844 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 845 | | CD 12299 2269 846 7,251 7,251 CD 12299 2269 847 | | CD 12299 2269 848 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 849 | | CD 12299 2269 850 1,310 1,310 CD 12299 2269 851 | | CD 12299 2269 852 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 853 | | CD 12299 2269 854 269 269 CD 12299 2269 855 | | CD 12299 2269 856 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 857 | | CD 12299 2269 858 | | NNP 12299 2269 859 Loblolly loblolly RB 12299 2269 860 pine pine VB 12299 2269 861 | | NNP 12299 2269 862 8 8 CD 12299 2269 863 by by IN 12299 2269 864 16 16 CD 12299 2269 865 | | CD 12299 2269 866 180 180 CD 12299 2269 867 | | CD 12299 2269 868 17 17 CD 12299 2269 869 | | CD 12299 2269 870 15.8 15.8 CD 12299 2269 871 | | CD 12299 2269 872 6.1 6.1 CD 12299 2269 873 | | CD 12299 2269 874 3,094 3,094 CD 12299 2269 875 | | CD 12299 2269 876 .75 .75 CD 12299 2269 877 | | CD 12299 2269 878 5,394 5,394 CD 12299 2269 879 | | CD 12299 2269 880 .69 .69 CD 12299 2269 881 | | CD 12299 2269 882 1,406 1,406 CD 12299 2269 883 | | CD 12299 2269 884 .98 .98 CD 12299 2269 885 | | NNP 12299 2269 886 383 383 CD 12299 2269 887 | | CD 12299 2269 888 1.44 1.44 CD 12299 2269 889 | | CD 12299 2269 890 | | CD 12299 2269 891 | | CD 12299 2269 892 5 5 CD 12299 2269 893 by by IN 12299 2269 894 12 12 CD 12299 2269 895 | | CD 12299 2269 896 180 180 CD 12299 2269 897 | | CD 12299 2269 898 94 94 CD 12299 2269 899 | | CD 12299 2269 900 60.9 60.9 CD 12299 2269 901 | | CD 12299 2269 902 5.9 5.9 CD 12299 2269 903 | | CD 12299 2269 904 3,030 3,030 CD 12299 2269 905 | | CD 12299 2269 906 .74 .74 CD 12299 2269 907 | | CD 12299 2269 908 5,028 5,028 CD 12299 2269 909 | | CD 12299 2269 910 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 911 | | CD 12299 2269 912 1,383 1,383 CD 12299 2269 913 | | CD 12299 2269 914 .96 .96 CD 12299 2269 915 | | CD 12299 2269 916 221 221 CD 12299 2269 917 | | CD 12299 2269 918 .83 .83 CD 12299 2269 919 | | CD 12299 2269 920 | | CD 12299 2269 921 | | CD 12299 2269 922 2 2 CD 12299 2269 923 by by IN 12299 2269 924 2 2 CD 12299 2269 925 | | CD 12299 2269 926 30 30 CD 12299 2269 927 | | CD 12299 2269 928 44 44 CD 12299 2269 929 | | CD 12299 2269 930 70.9 70.9 CD 12299 2269 931 | | CD 12299 2269 932 5.4 5.4 CD 12299 2269 933 | | CD 12299 2269 934 4,100 4,100 CD 12299 2269 935 | | CD 12299 2269 936 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 937 | | CD 12299 2269 938 7,870 7,870 CD 12299 2269 939 | | CD 12299 2269 940 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 941 | | CD 12299 2269 942 1,440 1,440 CD 12299 2269 943 | | CD 12299 2269 944 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 945 | | CD 12299 2269 946 265 265 CD 12299 2269 947 | | CD 12299 2269 948 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 949 | | CD 12299 2269 950 | | NNP 12299 2269 951 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 2269 952 | | CD 12299 2269 953 6 6 CD 12299 2269 954 by by IN 12299 2269 955 12 12 CD 12299 2269 956 | | CD 12299 2269 957 162 162 CD 12299 2269 958 | | CD 12299 2269 959 15 15 CD 12299 2269 960 | | CD 12299 2269 961 57.6 57.6 CD 12299 2269 962 | | CD 12299 2269 963 16.6 16.6 CD 12299 2269 964 | | CD 12299 2269 965 2,914 2,914 CD 12299 2269 966 | | CD 12299 2269 967 .75 .75 CD 12299 2269 968 | | CD 12299 2269 969 4,500 4,500 CD 12299 2269 970 | | CD 12299 2269 971 .66 .66 CD 12299 2269 972 | | CD 12299 2269 973 1,202 1,202 CD 12299 2269 974 | | CD 12299 2269 975 1.05 1.05 CD 12299 2269 976 | | CD 12299 2269 977 255 255 CD 12299 2269 978 | | CD 12299 2269 979 1.11 1.11 CD 12299 2269 980 | | CD 12299 2269 981 | | CD 12299 2269 982 | | CD 12299 2269 983 4 4 CD 12299 2269 984 by by IN 12299 2269 985 10 10 CD 12299 2269 986 | | CD 12299 2269 987 162 162 CD 12299 2269 988 | | CD 12299 2269 989 15 15 CD 12299 2269 990 | | CD 12299 2269 991 43.5 43.5 CD 12299 2269 992 | | CD 12299 2269 993 11.4 11.4 CD 12299 2269 994 | | CD 12299 2269 995 2,712 2,712 CD 12299 2269 996 | | CD 12299 2269 997 .70 .70 CD 12299 2269 998 | | CD 12299 2269 999 4,611 4,611 CD 12299 2269 1000 | | CD 12299 2269 1001 .68 .68 CD 12299 2269 1002 | | CD 12299 2269 1003 1,238 1,238 CD 12299 2269 1004 | | CD 12299 2269 1005 1.08 1.08 CD 12299 2269 1006 | | CD 12299 2269 1007 209 209 CD 12299 2269 1008 | | CD 12299 2269 1009 .91 .91 CD 12299 2269 1010 | | CD 12299 2269 1011 | | CD 12299 2269 1012 | | CD 12299 2269 1013 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1014 by by IN 12299 2269 1015 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1016 | | CD 12299 2269 1017 30 30 CD 12299 2269 1018 | | CD 12299 2269 1019 82 82 CD 12299 2269 1020 | | CD 12299 2269 1021 38.8 38.8 CD 12299 2269 1022 | | CD 12299 2269 1023 14.0 14.0 CD 12299 2269 1024 | | CD 12299 2269 1025 3,875 3,875 CD 12299 2269 1026 | | CD 12299 2269 1027 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1028 | | CD 12299 2269 1029 6,820 6,820 CD 12299 2269 1030 | | CD 12299 2269 1031 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1032 | | CD 12299 2269 1033 1,141 1,141 CD 12299 2269 1034 | | CD 12299 2269 1035 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1036 | | CD 12299 2269 1037 229 229 CD 12299 2269 1038 | | CD 12299 2269 1039 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1040 | | CD 12299 2269 1041 | | CD 12299 2269 1042 Western western JJ 12299 2269 1043 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 2269 1044 | | CD 12299 2269 1045 8 8 CD 12299 2269 1046 by by IN 12299 2269 1047 16 16 CD 12299 2269 1048 | | CD 12299 2269 1049 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1050 | | CD 12299 2269 1051 39 39 CD 12299 2269 1052 | | CD 12299 2269 1053 42.5 42.5 CD 12299 2269 1054 | | CD 12299 2269 1055 15.6 15.6 CD 12299 2269 1056 | | CD 12299 2269 1057 3,516 3,516 CD 12299 2269 1058 | | CD 12299 2269 1059 .80 .80 CD 12299 2269 1060 | | NNP 12299 2269 1061 5,296 5,296 CD 12299 2269 1062 | | CD 12299 2269 1063 .73 .73 CD 12299 2269 1064 | | CD 12299 2269 1065 1,445 1,445 CD 12299 2269 1066 | | CD 12299 2269 1067 1.01 1.01 CD 12299 2269 1068 | | CD 12299 2269 1069 261 261 CD 12299 2269 1070 | | CD 12299 2269 1071 .92 .92 CD 12299 2269 1072 | | CD 12299 2269 1073 | | CD 12299 2269 1074 | | CD 12299 2269 1075 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1076 by by IN 12299 2269 1077 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1078 | | CD 12299 2269 1079 28 28 CD 12299 2269 1080 | | CD 12299 2269 1081 52 52 CD 12299 2269 1082 | | CD 12299 2269 1083 51.8 51.8 CD 12299 2269 1084 | | CD 12299 2269 1085 12.1 12.1 CD 12299 2269 1086 | | CD 12299 2269 1087 4.406 4.406 CD 12299 2269 1088 | | CD 12299 2269 1089 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1090 | | CD 12299 2269 1091 7,294 7,294 CD 12299 2269 1092 | | CD 12299 2269 1093 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1094 | | CD 12299 2269 1095 1,428 1,428 CD 12299 2269 1096 | | CD 12299 2269 1097 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1098 | | CD 12299 2269 1099 284 284 CD 12299 2269 1100 | | CD 12299 2269 1101 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1102 | | CD 12299 2269 1103 | | NNP 12299 2269 1104 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 2269 1105 | | CD 12299 2269 1106 8 8 CD 12299 2269 1107 by by IN 12299 2269 1108 16 16 CD 12299 2269 1109 | | CD 12299 2269 1110 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1111 | | CD 12299 2269 1112 14 14 CD 12299 2269 1113 | | CD 12299 2269 1114 86.5 86.5 CD 12299 2269 1115 | | CD 12299 2269 1116 19.9 19.9 CD 12299 2269 1117 | | CD 12299 2269 1118 3,734 3,734 CD 12299 2269 1119 | | CD 12299 2269 1120 .79 .79 CD 12299 2269 1121 | | CD 12299 2269 1122 4,492 4,492 CD 12299 2269 1123 | | CD 12299 2269 1124 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 1125 | | CD 12299 2269 1126 1,016 1,016 CD 12299 2269 1127 | | CD 12299 2269 1128 .96 .96 CD 12299 2269 1129 | | CD 12299 2269 1130 300 300 CD 12299 2269 1131 | | CD 12299 2269 1132 1.21 1.21 CD 12299 2269 1133 | | CD 12299 2269 1134 | | CD 12299 2269 1135 | | CD 12299 2269 1136 6 6 CD 12299 2269 1137 by by IN 12299 2269 1138 12 12 CD 12299 2269 1139 | | CD 12299 2269 1140 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1141 | | CD 12299 2269 1142 14 14 CD 12299 2269 1143 | | CD 12299 2269 1144 87.3 87.3 CD 12299 2269 1145 | | CD 12299 2269 1146 17.8 17.8 CD 12299 2269 1147 | | CD 12299 2269 1148 3,787 3,787 CD 12299 2269 1149 | | CD 12299 2269 1150 .80 .80 CD 12299 2269 1151 | | CD 12299 2269 1152 4,451 4,451 CD 12299 2269 1153 | | CD 12299 2269 1154 .64 .64 CD 12299 2269 1155 | | CD 12299 2269 1156 1,068 1,068 CD 12299 2269 1157 | | CD 12299 2269 1158 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1159 | | CD 12299 2269 1160 224 224 CD 12299 2269 1161 | | CD 12299 2269 1162 .90 .90 CD 12299 2269 1163 | | CD 12299 2269 1164 | | CD 12299 2269 1165 | | CD 12299 2269 1166 7 7 CD 12299 2269 1167 by by IN 12299 2269 1168 9 9 CD 12299 2269 1169 | | CD 12299 2269 1170 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1171 | | CD 12299 2269 1172 14 14 CD 12299 2269 1173 | | CD 12299 2269 1174 79.8 79.8 CD 12299 2269 1175 | | CD 12299 2269 1176 16.7 16.7 CD 12299 2269 1177 | | CD 12299 2269 1178 4,412 4,412 CD 12299 2269 1179 | | CD 12299 2269 1180 .93 .93 CD 12299 2269 1181 | | CD 12299 2269 1182 5,279 5,279 CD 12299 2269 1183 | | CD 12299 2269 1184 .76 .76 CD 12299 2269 1185 | | CD 12299 2269 1186 1,324 1,324 CD 12299 2269 1187 | | CD 12299 2269 1188 1.25 1.25 CD 12299 2269 1189 | | CD 12299 2269 1190 199 199 CD 12299 2269 1191 | | CD 12299 2269 1192 .80 .80 CD 12299 2269 1193 | | CD 12299 2269 1194 | | CD 12299 2269 1195 | | CD 12299 2269 1196 3 3 CD 12299 2269 1197 by by IN 12299 2269 1198 14 14 CD 12299 2269 1199 | | CD 12299 2269 1200 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1201 | | CD 12299 2269 1202 13 13 CD 12299 2269 1203 | | CD 12299 2269 1204 86.1 86.1 CD 12299 2269 1205 | | CD 12299 2269 1206 23.7 23.7 CD 12299 2269 1207 | | CD 12299 2269 1208 3,506 3,506 CD 12299 2269 1209 | | CD 12299 2269 1210 .74 .74 CD 12299 2269 1211 | | CD 12299 2269 1212 4,364 4,364 CD 12299 2269 1213 | | CD 12299 2269 1214 .62 .62 CD 12299 2269 1215 | | CD 12299 2269 1216 947 947 CD 12299 2269 1217 | | CD 12299 2269 1218 .89 .89 CD 12299 2269 1219 | | CD 12299 2269 1220 255 255 CD 12299 2269 1221 | | CD 12299 2269 1222 1.03 1.03 CD 12299 2269 1223 | | CD 12299 2269 1224 | | CD 12299 2269 1225 | | CD 12299 2269 1226 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1227 by by IN 12299 2269 1228 12 12 CD 12299 2269 1229 | | CD 12299 2269 1230 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1231 | | CD 12299 2269 1232 12 12 CD 12299 2269 1233 | | CD 12299 2269 1234 70.9 70.9 CD 12299 2269 1235 | | CD 12299 2269 1236 18.6 18.6 CD 12299 2269 1237 | | CD 12299 2269 1238 3,100 3,100 CD 12299 2269 1239 | | CD 12299 2269 1240 .65 .65 CD 12299 2269 1241 | | CD 12299 2269 1242 3,753 3,753 CD 12299 2269 1243 | | CD 12299 2269 1244 .54 .54 CD 12299 2269 1245 | | CD 12299 2269 1246 1,052 1,052 CD 12299 2269 1247 | | CD 12299 2269 1248 .99 .99 CD 12299 2269 1249 | | CD 12299 2269 1250 187 187 CD 12299 2269 1251 | | CD 12299 2269 1252 .75 .75 CD 12299 2269 1253 | | CD 12299 2269 1254 | | CD 12299 2269 1255 | | CD 12299 2269 1256 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1257 by by IN 12299 2269 1258 10 10 CD 12299 2269 1259 | | CD 12299 2269 1260 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1261 | | CD 12299 2269 1262 13 13 CD 12299 2269 1263 | | CD 12299 2269 1264 55.8 55.8 CD 12299 2269 1265 | | CD 12299 2269 1266 20.0 20.0 CD 12299 2269 1267 | | CD 12299 2269 1268 3,285 3,285 CD 12299 2269 1269 | | CD 12299 2269 1270 .69 .69 CD 12299 2269 1271 | | CD 12299 2269 1272 4,079 4,079 CD 12299 2269 1273 | | CD 12299 2269 1274 .58 .58 CD 12299 2269 1275 | | CD 12299 2269 1276 1,107 1,107 CD 12299 2269 1277 | | CD 12299 2269 1278 1.04 1.04 CD 12299 2269 1279 | | CD 12299 2269 1280 169 169 CD 12299 2269 1281 | | CD 12299 2269 1282 .68 .68 CD 12299 2269 1283 | | CD 12299 2269 1284 | | CD 12299 2269 1285 | | CD 12299 2269 1286 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1287 by by IN 12299 2269 1288 8 8 CD 12299 2269 1289 | | CD 12299 2269 1290 180 180 CD 12299 2269 1291 | | CD 12299 2269 1292 13 13 CD 12299 2269 1293 | | CD 12299 2269 1294 63.8 63.8 CD 12299 2269 1295 | | CD 12299 2269 1296 21.5 21.5 CD 12299 2269 1297 | | CD 12299 2269 1298 2,989 2,989 CD 12299 2269 1299 | | CD 12299 2269 1300 .63 .63 CD 12299 2269 1301 | | CD 12299 2269 1302 4,063 4,063 CD 12299 2269 1303 | | CD 12299 2269 1304 .58 .58 CD 12299 2269 1305 | | CD 12299 2269 1306 1,141 1,141 CD 12299 2269 1307 | | CD 12299 2269 1308 1.08 1.08 CD 12299 2269 1309 | | CD 12299 2269 1310 134 134 CD 12299 2269 1311 | | CD 12299 2269 1312 .54 .54 CD 12299 2269 1313 | | CD 12299 2269 1314 | | CD 12299 2269 1315 | | CD 12299 2269 1316 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1317 by by IN 12299 2269 1318 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1319 | | CD 12299 2269 1320 28 28 CD 12299 2269 1321 | | CD 12299 2269 1322 157 157 CD 12299 2269 1323 | | CD 12299 2269 1324 75.5 75.5 CD 12299 2269 1325 | | CD 12299 2269 1326 19.1 19.1 CD 12299 2269 1327 | | CD 12299 2269 1328 4,750 4,750 CD 12299 2269 1329 | | CD 12299 2269 1330 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1331 | | CD 12299 2269 1332 6,980 6,980 CD 12299 2269 1333 | | CD 12299 2269 1334 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1335 | | CD 12299 2269 1336 1,061 1,061 CD 12299 2269 1337 | | CD 12299 2269 1338 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1339 | | CD 12299 2269 1340 248 248 CD 12299 2269 1341 | | CD 12299 2269 1342 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1343 | | CD 12299 2269 1344 | | NNP 12299 2269 1345 Norway Norway NNP 12299 2269 1346 pine pine NN 12299 2269 1347 | | NNP 12299 2269 1348 6 6 CD 12299 2269 1349 by by IN 12299 2269 1350 12 12 CD 12299 2269 1351 | | CD 12299 2269 1352 162 162 CD 12299 2269 1353 | | CD 12299 2269 1354 15 15 CD 12299 2269 1355 | | CD 12299 2269 1356 50.3 50.3 CD 12299 2269 1357 | | CD 12299 2269 1358 12.5 12.5 CD 12299 2269 1359 | | CD 12299 2269 1360 2,305 2,305 CD 12299 2269 1361 | | CD 12299 2269 1362 .82 .82 CD 12299 2269 1363 | | CD 12299 2269 1364 3,572 3,572 CD 12299 2269 1365 | | CD 12299 2269 1366 .69 .69 CD 12299 2269 1367 | | CD 12299 2269 1368 987 987 CD 12299 2269 1369 | | CD 12299 2269 1370 1.03 1.03 CD 12299 2269 1371 | | CD 12299 2269 1372 201 201 CD 12299 2269 1373 | | CD 12299 2269 1374 1.17 1.17 CD 12299 2269 1375 | | CD 12299 2269 1376 | | CD 12299 2269 1377 | | CD 12299 2269 1378 4 4 CD 12299 2269 1379 by by IN 12299 2269 1380 12 12 CD 12299 2269 1381 | | CD 12299 2269 1382 162 162 CD 12299 2269 1383 | | CD 12299 2269 1384 18 18 CD 12299 2269 1385 | | CD 12299 2269 1386 47.9 47.9 CD 12299 2269 1387 | | CD 12299 2269 1388 14.7 14.7 CD 12299 2269 1389 | | CD 12299 2269 1390 2,648 2,648 CD 12299 2269 1391 | | CD 12299 2269 1392 .94 .94 CD 12299 2269 1393 | | CD 12299 2269 1394 4,107 4,107 CD 12299 2269 1395 | | CD 12299 2269 1396 .79 .79 CD 12299 2269 1397 | | CD 12299 2269 1398 1,255 1,255 CD 12299 2269 1399 | | CD 12299 2269 1400 1.31 1.31 CD 12299 2269 1401 | | CD 12299 2269 1402 238 238 CD 12299 2269 1403 | | CD 12299 2269 1404 1.38 1.38 CD 12299 2269 1405 | | CD 12299 2269 1406 | | CD 12299 2269 1407 | | CD 12299 2269 1408 4 4 CD 12299 2269 1409 by by IN 12299 2269 1410 10 10 CD 12299 2269 1411 | | CD 12299 2269 1412 162 162 CD 12299 2269 1413 | | CD 12299 2269 1414 16 16 CD 12299 2269 1415 | | CD 12299 2269 1416 45.7 45.7 CD 12299 2269 1417 | | CD 12299 2269 1418 13.3 13.3 CD 12299 2269 1419 | | CD 12299 2269 1420 2,674 2,674 CD 12299 2269 1421 | | CD 12299 2269 1422 .95 .95 CD 12299 2269 1423 | | CD 12299 2269 1424 4,205 4,205 CD 12299 2269 1425 | | CD 12299 2269 1426 .81 .81 CD 12299 2269 1427 | | CD 12299 2269 1428 1,306 1,306 CD 12299 2269 1429 | | CD 12299 2269 1430 1.36 1.36 CD 12299 2269 1431 | | CD 12299 2269 1432 198 198 CD 12299 2269 1433 | | CD 12299 2269 1434 1.15 1.15 CD 12299 2269 1435 | | CD 12299 2269 1436 | | CD 12299 2269 1437 | | CD 12299 2269 1438 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1439 by by IN 12299 2269 1440 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1441 | | CD 12299 2269 1442 30 30 CD 12299 2269 1443 | | CD 12299 2269 1444 133 133 CD 12299 2269 1445 | | CD 12299 2269 1446 32.3 32.3 CD 12299 2269 1447 | | CD 12299 2269 1448 11.4 11.4 CD 12299 2269 1449 | | CD 12299 2269 1450 2,808 2,808 CD 12299 2269 1451 | | CD 12299 2269 1452 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1453 | | CD 12299 2269 1454 5,173 5,173 CD 12299 2269 1455 | | CD 12299 2269 1456 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1457 | | CD 12299 2269 1458 960 960 CD 12299 2269 1459 | | CD 12299 2269 1460 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1461 | | CD 12299 2269 1462 172 172 CD 12299 2269 1463 | | CD 12299 2269 1464 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1465 | | CD 12299 2269 1466 | | CD 12299 2269 1467 Red red JJ 12299 2269 1468 spruce spruce VB 12299 2269 1469 | | CD 12299 2269 1470 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1471 by by IN 12299 2269 1472 10 10 CD 12299 2269 1473 | | CD 12299 2269 1474 144 144 CD 12299 2269 1475 | | CD 12299 2269 1476 14 14 CD 12299 2269 1477 | | CD 12299 2269 1478 32.5 32.5 CD 12299 2269 1479 | | CD 12299 2269 1480 21.9 21.9 CD 12299 2269 1481 | | CD 12299 2269 1482 2,394 2,394 CD 12299 2269 1483 | | CD 12299 2269 1484 .66 .66 CD 12299 2269 1485 | | CD 12299 2269 1486 3,566 3,566 CD 12299 2269 1487 | | CD 12299 2269 1488 .60 .60 CD 12299 2269 1489 | | CD 12299 2269 1490 1,180 1,180 CD 12299 2269 1491 | | CD 12299 2269 1492 1.02 1.02 CD 12299 2269 1493 | | CD 12299 2269 1494 181 181 CD 12299 2269 1495 | | CD 12299 2269 1496 .80 .80 CD 12299 2269 1497 | | CD 12299 2269 1498 | | CD 12299 2269 1499 | | CD 12299 2269 1500 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1501 by by IN 12299 2269 1502 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1503 | | CD 12299 2269 1504 26 26 CD 12299 2269 1505 | | CD 12299 2269 1506 60 60 CD 12299 2269 1507 | | CD 12299 2269 1508 37.3 37.3 CD 12299 2269 1509 | | CD 12299 2269 1510 21.3 21.3 CD 12299 2269 1511 | | CD 12299 2269 1512 3,627 3,627 CD 12299 2269 1513 | | CD 12299 2269 1514 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1515 | | CD 12299 2269 1516 5,900 5,900 CD 12299 2269 1517 | | CD 12299 2269 1518 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1519 | | CD 12299 2269 1520 1,157 1,157 CD 12299 2269 1521 | | CD 12299 2269 1522 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1523 | | CD 12299 2269 1524 227 227 CD 12299 2269 1525 | | CD 12299 2269 1526 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1527 | | CD 12299 2269 1528 | | CD 12299 2269 1529 White white JJ 12299 2269 1530 spruce spruce VB 12299 2269 1531 | | CD 12299 2269 1532 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1533 by by IN 12299 2269 1534 10 10 CD 12299 2269 1535 | | CD 12299 2269 1536 144 144 CD 12299 2269 1537 | | CD 12299 2269 1538 16 16 CD 12299 2269 1539 | | CD 12299 2269 1540 40.7 40.7 CD 12299 2269 1541 | | CD 12299 2269 1542 9.3 9.3 CD 12299 2269 1543 | | CD 12299 2269 1544 2,239 2,239 CD 12299 2269 1545 | | CD 12299 2269 1546 .72 .72 SYM 12299 2269 1547 | | CD 12299 2269 1548 3,288 3,288 CD 12299 2269 1549 | | CD 12299 2269 1550 .63 .63 CD 12299 2269 1551 | | CD 12299 2269 1552 1,081 1,081 CD 12299 2269 1553 | | CD 12299 2269 1554 1.08 1.08 CD 12299 2269 1555 | | CD 12299 2269 1556 166 166 CD 12299 2269 1557 | | CD 12299 2269 1558 .83 .83 CD 12299 2269 1559 | | CD 12299 2269 1560 | | CD 12299 2269 1561 | | CD 12299 2269 1562 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1563 by by IN 12299 2269 1564 2 2 CD 12299 2269 1565 | | CD 12299 2269 1566 26 26 CD 12299 2269 1567 | | CD 12299 2269 1568 83 83 CD 12299 2269 1569 | | CD 12299 2269 1570 58.3 58.3 CD 12299 2269 1571 | | CD 12299 2269 1572 10.2 10.2 CD 12299 2269 1573 | | CD 12299 2269 1574 3.090 3.090 CD 12299 2269 1575 | | CD 12299 2269 1576 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1577 | | CD 12299 2269 1578 5,185 5,185 CD 12299 2269 1579 | | CD 12299 2269 1580 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1581 | | CD 12299 2269 1582 998 998 CD 12299 2269 1583 | | CD 12299 2269 1584 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1585 | | CD 12299 2269 1586 199 199 CD 12299 2269 1587 | | CD 12299 2269 1588 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2269 1589 | | CD 12299 2269 1590 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2269 1591 | | NNP 12299 2269 1592 _ _ NNP 12299 2269 1593 Note.--Following Note.--Following NNP 12299 2269 1594 is be VBZ 12299 2269 1595 an an DT 12299 2269 1596 explanation explanation NN 12299 2269 1597 of of IN 12299 2269 1598 the the DT 12299 2269 1599 abbreviations abbreviation NNS 12299 2269 1600 used use VBN 12299 2269 1601 in in IN 12299 2269 1602 the the DT 12299 2269 1603 foregoing foregoing NN 12299 2269 1604 tables table NNS 12299 2269 1605 : : : 12299 2269 1606 _ _ NNP 12299 2269 1607 | | NNP 12299 2269 1608 | | NNP 12299 2269 1609 F.S. F.S. NNP 12299 2270 1 at at IN 12299 2270 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2270 3 = = SYM 12299 2270 4 Fiber Fiber NNP 12299 2270 5 stress stress NN 12299 2270 6 at at IN 12299 2270 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2270 8 limit limit NN 12299 2270 9 . . . 12299 2271 1 | | NNP 12299 2271 2 | | NNP 12299 2271 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2271 4 of of IN 12299 2271 5 E. E. NNP 12299 2271 6 = = SYM 12299 2271 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2271 8 of of IN 12299 2271 9 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2271 10 . . . 12299 2272 1 | | NNP 12299 2272 2 | | NNP 12299 2272 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2272 4 of of IN 12299 2272 5 R. R. NNP 12299 2272 6 = = SYM 12299 2272 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2272 8 of of IN 12299 2272 9 rupture rupture NN 12299 2272 10 . . . 12299 2273 1 | | NNP 12299 2273 2 | | NNS 12299 2273 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2273 4 . . . 12299 2274 1 str str NNP 12299 2274 2 . . . 12299 2275 1 at at IN 12299 2275 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2275 3 = = SYM 12299 2275 4 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 2275 5 strength strength NN 12299 2275 6 at at IN 12299 2275 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2275 8 limit limit NN 12299 2275 9 . . . 12299 2276 1 | | NNP 12299 2276 2 | | NNS 12299 2276 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2276 4 . . . 12299 2277 1 str str NNP 12299 2277 2 . . . 12299 2278 1 at at IN 12299 2278 2 max max NNP 12299 2278 3 . . . 12299 2279 1 ld ld UH 12299 2279 2 . . . 12299 2280 1 = = NFP 12299 2280 2 Crushing crush VBG 12299 2280 3 strength strength NN 12299 2280 4 at at IN 12299 2280 5 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2280 6 load load NN 12299 2280 7 . . . 12299 2281 1 | | NNP 12299 2281 2 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2281 3 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NN 12299 2281 4 | | NN 12299 2281 5 TABLE table NN 12299 2281 6 XIX xix NN 12299 2281 7 TABLE table NN 12299 2281 8 XIX xix NN 12299 2281 9 | | NNP 12299 2281 10 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2281 11 | | NNS 12299 2281 12 COMPRESSION compression NN 12299 2281 13 AND and CC 12299 2281 14 SHEAR shear VB 12299 2281 15 TESTS test NNS 12299 2281 16 ON on IN 12299 2281 17 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 2281 18 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 2281 19 | | NNP 12299 2281 20 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2281 21 | | NNP 12299 2281 22 | | NNP 12299 2281 23 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2281 24 | | NNP 12299 2281 25 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2281 26 | | NNP 12299 2281 27 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2281 28 | | NNP 12299 2281 29 | | NNP 12299 2281 30 | | CD 12299 2281 31 parallel parallel NN 12299 2281 32 to to IN 12299 2281 33 grain grain NN 12299 2281 34 | | VBN 12299 2281 35 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 2281 36 to to IN 12299 2281 37 grain grain NN 12299 2281 38 | | NNP 12299 2281 39 | | NNP 12299 2281 40 | | NNP 12299 2281 41 |------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------| NNP 12299 2281 42 | | NNP 12299 2281 43 | | NNP 12299 2281 44 | | CD 12299 2281 45 | | CD 12299 2281 46 | | NNS 12299 2281 47 Cr cr NN 12299 2281 48 . . . 12299 2282 1 | | NNP 12299 2282 2 | | NNS 12299 2282 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2282 4 . . . 12299 2283 1 | | NNP 12299 2283 2 | | CD 12299 2283 3 | | CD 12299 2283 4 | | CD 12299 2283 5 | | NNS 12299 2283 6 Cr cr NN 12299 2283 7 . . . 12299 2284 1 | | NNP 12299 2284 2 | | CD 12299 2284 3 | | CD 12299 2284 4 | | CD 12299 2284 5 | | NNP 12299 2284 6 Species Species NNPS 12299 2284 7 | | NNP 12299 2284 8 | | NNP 12299 2284 9 | | CD 12299 2284 10 Per per IN 12299 2284 11 | | CD 12299 2284 12 str str NN 12299 2284 13 . . . 12299 2285 1 | | NNP 12299 2285 2 M. M. NNP 12299 2285 3 of of IN 12299 2285 4 | | NNP 12299 2285 5 str str NNP 12299 2285 6 . . . 12299 2286 1 | | NNP 12299 2286 2 | | CD 12299 2286 3 | | CD 12299 2286 4 | | CD 12299 2286 5 Per per IN 12299 2286 6 | | CD 12299 2286 7 str str NN 12299 2286 8 . . . 12299 2287 1 | | CD 12299 2287 2 | | NNS 12299 2287 3 Per per IN 12299 2287 4 | | NNP 12299 2287 5 | | NNP 12299 2287 6 | | NNP 12299 2287 7 | | NNP 12299 2287 8 Size Size NNP 12299 2287 9 of of IN 12299 2287 10 | | NNP 12299 2287 11 No no NN 12299 2287 12 . . . 12299 2288 1 | | JJ 12299 2288 2 cent cent NN 12299 2288 3 | | CD 12299 2288 4 at at IN 12299 2288 5 | | NNP 12299 2288 6 E. E. NNP 12299 2288 7 | | NNP 12299 2288 8 at at IN 12299 2288 9 max max NNP 12299 2288 10 . . . 12299 2289 1 | | NNP 12299 2289 2 Stress Stress NNP 12299 2289 3 | | NNPS 12299 2289 4 | | NNS 12299 2289 5 No no NN 12299 2289 6 . . . 12299 2290 1 | | JJ 12299 2290 2 cent cent NNP 12299 2290 3 | | NNP 12299 2290 4 at at IN 12299 2290 5 max max NNP 12299 2290 6 . . . 12299 2291 1 | | NNS 12299 2291 2 No no NN 12299 2291 3 . . . 12299 2292 1 | | JJ 12299 2292 2 cent cent NN 12299 2292 3 | | NNP 12299 2292 4 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2292 5 | | NNP 12299 2292 6 | | CD 12299 2292 7 | | NNP 12299 2292 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2292 9 | | NNP 12299 2292 10 of of IN 12299 2292 11 | | NNP 12299 2292 12 of of IN 12299 2292 13 | | NNP 12299 2292 14 E. E. NNP 12299 2292 15 L. L. NNP 12299 2292 16 | | NNP 12299 2292 17 per per IN 12299 2292 18 | | NNP 12299 2292 19 ld ld NNP 12299 2292 20 . . NNP 12299 2292 21 , , , 12299 2292 22 . . . 12299 2293 1 | | NNP 12299 2293 2 area area NN 12299 2293 3 | | NNP 12299 2293 4 Height Height NNP 12299 2293 5 | | NNP 12299 2293 6 of of IN 12299 2293 7 | | NNP 12299 2293 8 of of IN 12299 2293 9 | | NNP 12299 2293 10 ld ld NNP 12299 2293 11 . . NNP 12299 2293 12 , , , 12299 2293 13 | | NNP 12299 2293 14 of of IN 12299 2293 15 | | NNP 12299 2293 16 of of IN 12299 2293 17 | | CD 12299 2293 18 strength strength NN 12299 2293 19 | | NNP 12299 2293 20 | | CD 12299 2293 21 | | CD 12299 2293 22 | | NNP 12299 2293 23 tests test NNS 12299 2293 24 | | CD 12299 2293 25 mois- mois- PRP$ 12299 2293 26 | | HYPH 12299 2293 27 per per IN 12299 2293 28 | | NNP 12299 2293 29 square square JJ 12299 2293 30 | | HYPH 12299 2293 31 per per IN 12299 2293 32 | | NNP 12299 2293 33 | | CD 12299 2293 34 | | NNP 12299 2293 35 tests test NNS 12299 2293 36 | | CD 12299 2293 37 mois- mois- PRP$ 12299 2293 38 | | HYPH 12299 2293 39 per per IN 12299 2293 40 | | NNP 12299 2293 41 tests test NNS 12299 2293 42 | | CD 12299 2293 43 mois- mois- PRP$ 12299 2293 44 | | CD 12299 2293 45 | | NNP 12299 2293 46 | | CD 12299 2293 47 | | CD 12299 2293 48 | | CD 12299 2293 49 | | CD 12299 2293 50 ture ture NN 12299 2293 51 | | CD 12299 2293 52 square square JJ 12299 2293 53 | | CD 12299 2293 54 inch inch NN 12299 2293 55 | | HYPH 12299 2293 56 square square JJ 12299 2293 57 | | CD 12299 2293 58 | | CD 12299 2293 59 | | CD 12299 2293 60 | | CD 12299 2293 61 ture ture NN 12299 2293 62 | | CD 12299 2293 63 square square JJ 12299 2293 64 | | CD 12299 2293 65 | | CD 12299 2293 66 ture ture NN 12299 2293 67 | | CD 12299 2293 68 | | CD 12299 2293 69 | | CD 12299 2293 70 | | CD 12299 2293 71 | | CD 12299 2293 72 | | CD 12299 2293 73 | | CD 12299 2293 74 inch inch NN 12299 2293 75 | | CD 12299 2293 76 | | CD 12299 2293 77 inch inch NN 12299 2293 78 | | NNP 12299 2293 79 | | CD 12299 2293 80 | | CD 12299 2293 81 | | CD 12299 2293 82 | | CD 12299 2293 83 inch inch NN 12299 2293 84 | | NNP 12299 2293 85 | | CD 12299 2293 86 | | CD 12299 2293 87 | | NNP 12299 2293 88 |-----------------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------+ |-----------------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------+ NNP 12299 2293 89 ------+---------+-------+-------+----------| ------+---------+-------+-------+----------| NN 12299 2293 90 | | NNP 12299 2293 91 | | NNP 12299 2293 92 | | CD 12299 2293 93 | | CD 12299 2293 94 | | CD 12299 2293 95 | | CD 12299 2293 96 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 2293 97 | | CD 12299 2293 98 | | CD 12299 2293 99 | | CD 12299 2293 100 | | CD 12299 2293 101 | | CD 12299 2293 102 | | CD 12299 2293 103 | | CD 12299 2293 104 | | CD 12299 2293 105 | | CD 12299 2293 106 | | CD 12299 2293 107 | | CD 12299 2293 108 | | NNP 12299 2293 109 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2293 110 | | NNP 12299 2293 111 | | NNP 12299 2293 112 | | NNP 12299 2293 113 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2293 114 . . . 12299 2294 1 | | NNS 12299 2294 2 lbs lbs NN 12299 2294 3 . . . 12299 2295 1 | | NNP 12299 2295 2 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2295 3 . . . 12299 2296 1 | | NNP 12299 2296 2 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2296 3 | | NNP 12299 2296 4 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2296 5 | | NNP 12299 2296 6 | | NNP 12299 2296 7 | | NNP 12299 2296 8 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2296 9 . . . 12299 2297 1 | | NNP 12299 2297 2 | | NNP 12299 2297 3 | | NNP 12299 2297 4 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2297 5 . . . 12299 2298 1 | | NNP 12299 2298 2 | | CD 12299 2298 3 | | CD 12299 2298 4 | | CD 12299 2298 5 | | CD 12299 2298 6 | | CD 12299 2298 7 | | CD 12299 2298 8 | | CD 12299 2298 9 | | CD 12299 2298 10 | | CD 12299 2298 11 | | CD 12299 2298 12 | | CD 12299 2298 13 | | CD 12299 2298 14 | | CD 12299 2298 15 | | CD 12299 2298 16 | | CD 12299 2298 17 | | CD 12299 2298 18 | | NNP 12299 2298 19 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 2298 20 pine pine NN 12299 2298 21 | | CD 12299 2298 22 4 4 CD 12299 2298 23 by by IN 12299 2298 24 4 4 CD 12299 2298 25 | | CD 12299 2298 26 46 46 CD 12299 2298 27 | | CD 12299 2298 28 26.3 26.3 CD 12299 2298 29 | | CD 12299 2298 30 3,480 3,480 CD 12299 2298 31 | | CD 12299 2298 32 | | CD 12299 2298 33 4,800 4,800 CD 12299 2298 34 | | CD 12299 2298 35 4 4 CD 12299 2298 36 by by IN 12299 2298 37 4 4 CD 12299 2298 38 | | CD 12299 2298 39 4 4 CD 12299 2298 40 | | CD 12299 2298 41 22 22 CD 12299 2298 42 | | CD 12299 2298 43 25.3 25.3 CD 12299 2298 44 | | CD 12299 2298 45 568 568 CD 12299 2298 46 | | CD 12299 2298 47 44 44 CD 12299 2298 48 | | CD 12299 2298 49 21.8 21.8 CD 12299 2298 50 | | CD 12299 2298 51 973 973 CD 12299 2298 52 | | CD 12299 2298 53 | | CD 12299 2298 54 | | CD 12299 2298 55 2 2 CD 12299 2298 56 by by IN 12299 2298 57 2 2 CD 12299 2298 58 | | CD 12299 2298 59 14 14 CD 12299 2298 60 | | CD 12299 2298 61 34.7 34.7 CD 12299 2298 62 | | CD 12299 2298 63 | | CD 12299 2298 64 | | CD 12299 2298 65 4,400 4,400 CD 12299 2298 66 | | CD 12299 2298 67 | | CD 12299 2298 68 | | CD 12299 2298 69 | | CD 12299 2298 70 | | CD 12299 2298 71 | | CD 12299 2298 72 | | CD 12299 2298 73 | | CD 12299 2298 74 | | CD 12299 2298 75 | | NNP 12299 2298 76 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2298 77 fir fir NN 12299 2298 78 | | NNP 12299 2298 79 6 6 CD 12299 2298 80 by by IN 12299 2298 81 6 6 CD 12299 2298 82 | | CD 12299 2298 83 515 515 CD 12299 2298 84 | | CD 12299 2298 85 30.7 30.7 CD 12299 2298 86 | | CD 12299 2298 87 2,780 2,780 CD 12299 2298 88 | | CD 12299 2298 89 1,181 1,181 CD 12299 2298 90 | | CD 12299 2298 91 3,500 3,500 CD 12299 2298 92 | | CD 12299 2298 93 4 4 CD 12299 2298 94 by by IN 12299 2298 95 8 8 CD 12299 2298 96 | | CD 12299 2298 97 16 16 CD 12299 2298 98 | | CD 12299 2298 99 259 259 CD 12299 2298 100 | | CD 12299 2298 101 30.3 30.3 CD 12299 2298 102 | | CD 12299 2298 103 570 570 CD 12299 2298 104 | | CD 12299 2298 105 531 531 CD 12299 2298 106 | | CD 12299 2298 107 29.7 29.7 CD 12299 2298 108 | | CD 12299 2298 109 765 765 CD 12299 2298 110 | | CD 12299 2298 111 | | CD 12299 2298 112 | | CD 12299 2298 113 5 5 CD 12299 2298 114 by by IN 12299 2298 115 6 6 CD 12299 2298 116 | | CD 12299 2298 117 170 170 CD 12299 2298 118 | | CD 12299 2298 119 30.9 30.9 CD 12299 2298 120 | | CD 12299 2298 121 2,720 2,720 CD 12299 2298 122 | | CD 12299 2298 123 2,123 2,123 CD 12299 2298 124 | | CD 12299 2298 125 3,490 3,490 CD 12299 2298 126 | | CD 12299 2298 127 | | CD 12299 2298 128 | | CD 12299 2298 129 | | CD 12299 2298 130 | | CD 12299 2298 131 | | CD 12299 2298 132 | | CD 12299 2298 133 | | CD 12299 2298 134 | | CD 12299 2298 135 | | CD 12299 2298 136 | | CD 12299 2298 137 2 2 CD 12299 2298 138 by by IN 12299 2298 139 2 2 CD 12299 2298 140 | | CD 12299 2298 141 902 902 CD 12299 2298 142 | | CD 12299 2298 143 29.8 29.8 CD 12299 2298 144 | | CD 12299 2298 145 3,500 3,500 CD 12299 2298 146 | | CD 12299 2298 147 1,925 1,925 CD 12299 2298 148 | | CD 12299 2298 149 4,030 4,030 CD 12299 2298 150 | | CD 12299 2298 151 | | CD 12299 2298 152 | | CD 12299 2298 153 | | CD 12299 2298 154 | | CD 12299 2298 155 | | CD 12299 2298 156 | | CD 12299 2298 157 | | CD 12299 2298 158 | | CD 12299 2298 159 | | NNP 12299 2298 160 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2298 161 fir fir NN 12299 2298 162 | | NNP 12299 2298 163 | | NNP 12299 2298 164 | | CD 12299 2298 165 | | CD 12299 2298 166 | | CD 12299 2298 167 | | CD 12299 2298 168 | | CD 12299 2298 169 | | CD 12299 2298 170 | | CD 12299 2298 171 | | CD 12299 2298 172 | | CD 12299 2298 173 | | CD 12299 2298 174 | | CD 12299 2298 175 | | CD 12299 2298 176 | | CD 12299 2298 177 | | NNS 12299 2298 178 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2298 179 fire fire NN 12299 2298 180 - - HYPH 12299 2298 181 killed kill VBN 12299 2298 182 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2298 183 | | NNP 12299 2298 184 6 6 CD 12299 2298 185 by by IN 12299 2298 186 6 6 CD 12299 2298 187 | | CD 12299 2298 188 108 108 CD 12299 2298 189 | | CD 12299 2298 190 34.8 34.8 CD 12299 2298 191 | | CD 12299 2298 192 2,620 2,620 CD 12299 2298 193 | | CD 12299 2298 194 1,801 1,801 CD 12299 2298 195 | | CD 12299 2298 196 3,290 3,290 CD 12299 2298 197 | | CD 12299 2298 198 6 6 CD 12299 2298 199 by by IN 12299 2298 200 8 8 CD 12299 2298 201 | | CD 12299 2298 202 16 16 CD 12299 2298 203 | | CD 12299 2298 204 24 24 CD 12299 2298 205 | | CD 12299 2298 206 33.7 33.7 CD 12299 2298 207 | | CD 12299 2298 208 368 368 CD 12299 2298 209 | | CD 12299 2298 210 77 77 CD 12299 2298 211 | | CD 12299 2298 212 35.8 35.8 CD 12299 2298 213 | | CD 12299 2298 214 631 631 CD 12299 2298 215 | | CD 12299 2298 216 | | CD 12299 2298 217 | | CD 12299 2298 218 2 2 CD 12299 2298 219 by by IN 12299 2298 220 2 2 CD 12299 2298 221 | | CD 12299 2298 222 204 204 CD 12299 2298 223 | | CD 12299 2298 224 37.9 37.9 CD 12299 2298 225 | | CD 12299 2298 226 | | CD 12299 2298 227 | | CD 12299 2298 228 3,430 3,430 CD 12299 2298 229 | | CD 12299 2298 230 | | CD 12299 2298 231 | | CD 12299 2298 232 | | CD 12299 2298 233 | | CD 12299 2298 234 | | CD 12299 2298 235 | | CD 12299 2298 236 | | CD 12299 2298 237 | | CD 12299 2298 238 | | NNP 12299 2298 239 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 2298 240 pine pine NN 12299 2298 241 | | NNP 12299 2298 242 6 6 CD 12299 2298 243 by by IN 12299 2298 244 6 6 CD 12299 2298 245 | | CD 12299 2298 246 95 95 CD 12299 2298 247 | | CD 12299 2298 248 41.2 41.2 CD 12299 2298 249 | | CD 12299 2298 250 2,514 2,514 CD 12299 2298 251 | | CD 12299 2298 252 1,565 1,565 CD 12299 2298 253 | | CD 12299 2298 254 3,436 3,436 CD 12299 2298 255 | | CD 12299 2298 256 5 5 CD 12299 2298 257 by by IN 12299 2298 258 8 8 CD 12299 2298 259 | | CD 12299 2298 260 16 16 CD 12299 2298 261 | | CD 12299 2298 262 12 12 CD 12299 2298 263 | | CD 12299 2298 264 37.7 37.7 CD 12299 2298 265 | | CD 12299 2298 266 361 361 CD 12299 2298 267 | | CD 12299 2298 268 179 179 CD 12299 2298 269 | | CD 12299 2298 270 47.0 47.0 CD 12299 2298 271 | | CD 12299 2298 272 704 704 CD 12299 2298 273 | | CD 12299 2298 274 | | CD 12299 2298 275 | | CD 12299 2298 276 5 5 CD 12299 2298 277 by by IN 12299 2298 278 8 8 CD 12299 2298 279 | | CD 12299 2298 280 23 23 CD 12299 2298 281 | | CD 12299 2298 282 43.5 43.5 CD 12299 2298 283 | | CD 12299 2298 284 2,241 2,241 CD 12299 2298 285 | | CD 12299 2298 286 1,529 1,529 CD 12299 2298 287 | | CD 12299 2298 288 3,423 3,423 CD 12299 2298 289 | | CD 12299 2298 290 5 5 CD 12299 2298 291 by by IN 12299 2298 292 8 8 CD 12299 2298 293 | | CD 12299 2298 294 14 14 CD 12299 2298 295 | | CD 12299 2298 296 12 12 CD 12299 2298 297 | | CD 12299 2298 298 42.8 42.8 CD 12299 2298 299 | | CD 12299 2298 300 366 366 CD 12299 2298 301 | | CD 12299 2298 302 | | CD 12299 2298 303 | | CD 12299 2298 304 | | CD 12299 2298 305 | | CD 12299 2298 306 | | CD 12299 2298 307 2 2 CD 12299 2298 308 by by IN 12299 2298 309 2 2 CD 12299 2298 310 | | CD 12299 2298 311 281 281 CD 12299 2298 312 | | CD 12299 2298 313 51.4 51.4 CD 12299 2298 314 | | CD 12299 2298 315 | | CD 12299 2298 316 | | CD 12299 2298 317 3,570 3,570 CD 12299 2298 318 | | CD 12299 2298 319 5 5 CD 12299 2298 320 by by IN 12299 2298 321 8 8 CD 12299 2298 322 | | CD 12299 2298 323 12 12 CD 12299 2298 324 | | CD 12299 2298 325 24 24 CD 12299 2298 326 | | CD 12299 2298 327 53.0 53.0 CD 12299 2298 328 | | CD 12299 2298 329 325 325 CD 12299 2298 330 | | CD 12299 2298 331 | | CD 12299 2298 332 | | CD 12299 2298 333 | | CD 12299 2298 334 | | CD 12299 2298 335 | | CD 12299 2298 336 | | CD 12299 2298 337 | | CD 12299 2298 338 | | CD 12299 2298 339 | | CD 12299 2298 340 | | CD 12299 2298 341 | | CD 12299 2298 342 5 5 CD 12299 2298 343 by by IN 12299 2298 344 5 5 CD 12299 2298 345 | | CD 12299 2298 346 8 8 CD 12299 2298 347 | | CD 12299 2298 348 24 24 CD 12299 2298 349 | | CD 12299 2298 350 47.0 47.0 CD 12299 2298 351 | | CD 12299 2298 352 344 344 CD 12299 2298 353 | | CD 12299 2298 354 | | CD 12299 2298 355 | | CD 12299 2298 356 | | CD 12299 2298 357 | | CD 12299 2298 358 | | CD 12299 2298 359 | | CD 12299 2298 360 | | CD 12299 2298 361 | | CD 12299 2298 362 | | CD 12299 2298 363 | | CD 12299 2298 364 | | CD 12299 2298 365 2 2 CD 12299 2298 366 by by IN 12299 2298 367 2 2 CD 12299 2298 368 | | CD 12299 2298 369 2 2 CD 12299 2298 370 | | CD 12299 2298 371 277 277 CD 12299 2298 372 | | CD 12299 2298 373 48.5 48.5 CD 12299 2298 374 | | CD 12299 2298 375 400 400 CD 12299 2298 376 | | CD 12299 2298 377 | | CD 12299 2298 378 | | CD 12299 2298 379 | | CD 12299 2298 380 | | JJ 12299 2298 381 Western western JJ 12299 2298 382 larch larch NN 12299 2298 383 | | CD 12299 2298 384 6 6 CD 12299 2298 385 by by IN 12299 2298 386 6 6 CD 12299 2298 387 | | CD 12299 2298 388 107 107 CD 12299 2298 389 | | CD 12299 2298 390 49.1 49.1 CD 12299 2298 391 | | CD 12299 2298 392 2,675 2,675 CD 12299 2298 393 | | CD 12299 2298 394 1,575 1,575 CD 12299 2298 395 | | CD 12299 2298 396 3,510 3,510 CD 12299 2298 397 | | CD 12299 2298 398 6 6 CD 12299 2298 399 by by IN 12299 2298 400 8 8 CD 12299 2298 401 | | CD 12299 2298 402 16 16 CD 12299 2298 403 | | CD 12299 2298 404 22 22 CD 12299 2298 405 | | CD 12299 2298 406 43.6 43.6 CD 12299 2298 407 | | CD 12299 2298 408 417 417 CD 12299 2298 409 | | CD 12299 2298 410 179 179 CD 12299 2298 411 | | CD 12299 2298 412 40.7 40.7 CD 12299 2298 413 | | CD 12299 2298 414 700 700 CD 12299 2298 415 | | CD 12299 2298 416 | | CD 12299 2298 417 | | CD 12299 2298 418 2 2 CD 12299 2298 419 by by IN 12299 2298 420 2 2 CD 12299 2298 421 | | CD 12299 2298 422 491 491 CD 12299 2298 423 | | CD 12299 2298 424 50.6 50.6 CD 12299 2298 425 | | CD 12299 2298 426 3,026 3,026 CD 12299 2298 427 | | CD 12299 2298 428 1,545 1,545 CD 12299 2298 429 | | CD 12299 2298 430 3,696 3,696 CD 12299 2298 431 | | CD 12299 2298 432 6 6 CD 12299 2298 433 by by IN 12299 2298 434 8 8 CD 12299 2298 435 | | CD 12299 2298 436 12 12 CD 12299 2298 437 | | CD 12299 2298 438 20 20 CD 12299 2298 439 | | CD 12299 2298 440 40.2 40.2 CD 12299 2298 441 | | CD 12299 2298 442 416 416 CD 12299 2298 443 | | CD 12299 2298 444 | | CD 12299 2298 445 | | CD 12299 2298 446 | | CD 12299 2298 447 | | CD 12299 2298 448 | | CD 12299 2298 449 | | CD 12299 2298 450 | | CD 12299 2298 451 | | CD 12299 2298 452 | | CD 12299 2298 453 | | CD 12299 2298 454 | | CD 12299 2298 455 4 4 CD 12299 2298 456 by by IN 12299 2298 457 6 6 CD 12299 2298 458 | | CD 12299 2298 459 6 6 CD 12299 2298 460 | | CD 12299 2298 461 53 53 CD 12299 2298 462 | | CD 12299 2298 463 52.8 52.8 CD 12299 2298 464 | | CD 12299 2298 465 478 478 CD 12299 2298 466 | | CD 12299 2298 467 | | CD 12299 2298 468 | | CD 12299 2298 469 | | CD 12299 2298 470 | | CD 12299 2298 471 | | CD 12299 2298 472 | | CD 12299 2298 473 | | CD 12299 2298 474 | | CD 12299 2298 475 | | CD 12299 2298 476 | | CD 12299 2298 477 | | CD 12299 2298 478 4 4 CD 12299 2298 479 by by IN 12299 2298 480 4 4 CD 12299 2298 481 | | CD 12299 2298 482 4 4 CD 12299 2298 483 | | CD 12299 2298 484 30 30 CD 12299 2298 485 | | CD 12299 2298 486 50.4 50.4 CD 12299 2298 487 | | CD 12299 2298 488 472 472 CD 12299 2298 489 | | CD 12299 2298 490 | | CD 12299 2298 491 | | CD 12299 2298 492 | | CD 12299 2298 493 | | NNP 12299 2298 494 Loblolly loblolly RB 12299 2298 495 pine pine VB 12299 2298 496 | | NNP 12299 2298 497 8 8 CD 12299 2298 498 by by IN 12299 2298 499 8 8 CD 12299 2298 500 | | CD 12299 2298 501 14 14 CD 12299 2298 502 | | CD 12299 2298 503 63.4 63.4 CD 12299 2298 504 | | CD 12299 2298 505 1,560 1,560 CD 12299 2298 506 | | CD 12299 2298 507 365 365 CD 12299 2298 508 | | CD 12299 2298 509 2,140 2,140 CD 12299 2298 510 | | CD 12299 2298 511 8 8 CD 12299 2298 512 by by IN 12299 2298 513 4 4 CD 12299 2298 514 | | CD 12299 2298 515 8 8 CD 12299 2298 516 | | CD 12299 2298 517 16 16 CD 12299 2298 518 | | CD 12299 2298 519 67.2 67.2 CD 12299 2298 520 | | CD 12299 2298 521 392 392 CD 12299 2298 522 | | CD 12299 2298 523 121 121 CD 12299 2298 524 | | CD 12299 2298 525 83.2 83.2 CD 12299 2298 526 | | CD 12299 2298 527 630 630 CD 12299 2298 528 | | CD 12299 2298 529 | | CD 12299 2298 530 | | CD 12299 2298 531 4 4 CD 12299 2298 532 by by IN 12299 2298 533 8 8 CD 12299 2298 534 | | CD 12299 2298 535 18 18 CD 12299 2298 536 | | CD 12299 2298 537 60.0 60.0 CD 12299 2298 538 | | CD 12299 2298 539 2,430 2,430 CD 12299 2298 540 | | CD 12299 2298 541 691 691 CD 12299 2298 542 | | CD 12299 2298 543 3,560 3,560 CD 12299 2298 544 | | CD 12299 2298 545 4 4 CD 12299 2298 546 by by IN 12299 2298 547 4 4 CD 12299 2298 548 | | CD 12299 2298 549 8 8 CD 12299 2298 550 | | CD 12299 2298 551 38 38 CD 12299 2298 552 | | CD 12299 2298 553 44.6 44.6 CD 12299 2298 554 | | CD 12299 2298 555 546 546 CD 12299 2298 556 | | CD 12299 2298 557 | | CD 12299 2298 558 | | CD 12299 2298 559 | | CD 12299 2298 560 | | CD 12299 2298 561 | | CD 12299 2298 562 2 2 CD 12299 2298 563 by by IN 12299 2298 564 2 2 CD 12299 2298 565 | | CD 12299 2298 566 53 53 CD 12299 2298 567 | | CD 12299 2298 568 74.0 74.0 CD 12299 2298 569 | | CD 12299 2298 570 | | CD 12299 2298 571 | | CD 12299 2298 572 3,240 3,240 CD 12299 2298 573 | | CD 12299 2298 574 | | CD 12299 2298 575 | | CD 12299 2298 576 | | CD 12299 2298 577 | | CD 12299 2298 578 | | CD 12299 2298 579 | | CD 12299 2298 580 | | CD 12299 2298 581 | | CD 12299 2298 582 | | NNP 12299 2298 583 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 2298 584 | | CD 12299 2298 585 6 6 CD 12299 2298 586 by by IN 12299 2298 587 7 7 CD 12299 2298 588 | | CD 12299 2298 589 4 4 CD 12299 2298 590 | | CD 12299 2298 591 49.9 49.9 CD 12299 2298 592 | | CD 12299 2298 593 2,332 2,332 CD 12299 2298 594 | | CD 12299 2298 595 1,432 1,432 CD 12299 2298 596 | | CD 12299 2298 597 3,032 3,032 CD 12299 2298 598 | | CD 12299 2298 599 | | CD 12299 2298 600 | | CD 12299 2298 601 | | CD 12299 2298 602 | | CD 12299 2298 603 | | CD 12299 2298 604 24 24 CD 12299 2298 605 | | CD 12299 2298 606 39.2 39.2 CD 12299 2298 607 | | CD 12299 2298 608 668 668 CD 12299 2298 609 | | CD 12299 2298 610 | | CD 12299 2298 611 | | CD 12299 2298 612 4 4 CD 12299 2298 613 by by IN 12299 2298 614 7 7 CD 12299 2298 615 | | CD 12299 2298 616 6 6 CD 12299 2298 617 | | CD 12299 2298 618 27.7 27.7 CD 12299 2298 619 | | CD 12299 2298 620 2,444 2,444 CD 12299 2298 621 | | CD 12299 2298 622 1,334 1,334 CD 12299 2298 623 | | CD 12299 2298 624 3,360 3,360 CD 12299 2298 625 | | CD 12299 2298 626 | | CD 12299 2298 627 | | CD 12299 2298 628 | | CD 12299 2298 629 | | CD 12299 2298 630 | | CD 12299 2298 631 | | CD 12299 2298 632 | | CD 12299 2298 633 | | CD 12299 2298 634 | | CD 12299 2298 635 | | CD 12299 2298 636 2 2 CD 12299 2298 637 by by IN 12299 2298 638 2 2 CD 12299 2298 639 | | CD 12299 2298 640 165 165 CD 12299 2298 641 | | CD 12299 2298 642 36.8 36.8 CD 12299 2298 643 | | CD 12299 2298 644 | | CD 12299 2298 645 | | CD 12299 2298 646 3,190 3,190 CD 12299 2298 647 | | CD 12299 2298 648 | | CD 12299 2298 649 | | CD 12299 2298 650 | | CD 12299 2298 651 | | CD 12299 2298 652 | | CD 12299 2298 653 | | CD 12299 2298 654 | | CD 12299 2298 655 | | CD 12299 2298 656 | | CD 12299 2298 657 Western western JJ 12299 2298 658 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 2298 659 | | CD 12299 2298 660 6 6 CD 12299 2298 661 by by IN 12299 2298 662 6 6 CD 12299 2298 663 | | CD 12299 2298 664 82 82 CD 12299 2298 665 | | CD 12299 2298 666 46.6 46.6 CD 12299 2298 667 | | CD 12299 2298 668 2,905 2,905 CD 12299 2298 669 | | CD 12299 2298 670 1,617 1,617 CD 12299 2298 671 | | CD 12299 2298 672 3,355 3,355 CD 12299 2298 673 | | CD 12299 2298 674 6 6 CD 12299 2298 675 by by IN 12299 2298 676 4 4 CD 12299 2298 677 | | CD 12299 2298 678 6 6 CD 12299 2298 679 | | CD 12299 2298 680 30 30 CD 12299 2298 681 | | CD 12299 2298 682 48.7 48.7 CD 12299 2298 683 | | CD 12299 2298 684 434 434 CD 12299 2298 685 | | CD 12299 2298 686 54 54 CD 12299 2298 687 | | CD 12299 2298 688 65.7 65.7 CD 12299 2298 689 | | CD 12299 2298 690 630 630 CD 12299 2298 691 | | CD 12299 2298 692 | | CD 12299 2298 693 | | CD 12299 2298 694 2 2 CD 12299 2298 695 by by IN 12299 2298 696 2 2 CD 12299 2298 697 | | CD 12299 2298 698 131 131 CD 12299 2298 699 | | CD 12299 2298 700 55.6 55.6 CD 12299 2298 701 | | CD 12299 2298 702 2,938 2,938 CD 12299 2298 703 | | CD 12299 2298 704 1,737 1,737 CD 12299 2298 705 | | CD 12299 2298 706 3,392 3,392 CD 12299 2298 707 | | CD 12299 2298 708 | | CD 12299 2298 709 | | CD 12299 2298 710 | | CD 12299 2298 711 | | CD 12299 2298 712 | | CD 12299 2298 713 | | CD 12299 2298 714 | | CD 12299 2298 715 | | CD 12299 2298 716 | | CD 12299 2298 717 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 2298 718 | | CD 12299 2298 719 6 6 CD 12299 2298 720 by by IN 12299 2298 721 6 6 CD 12299 2298 722 | | CD 12299 2298 723 34 34 CD 12299 2298 724 | | CD 12299 2298 725 83.6 83.6 CD 12299 2298 726 | | CD 12299 2298 727 3,194 3,194 CD 12299 2298 728 | | CD 12299 2298 729 1,240 1,240 CD 12299 2298 730 | | CD 12299 2298 731 3,882 3,882 CD 12299 2298 732 | | CD 12299 2298 733 6 6 CD 12299 2298 734 by by IN 12299 2298 735 8 8 CD 12299 2298 736 | | CD 12299 2298 737 16 16 CD 12299 2298 738 | | CD 12299 2298 739 13 13 CD 12299 2298 740 | | CD 12299 2298 741 86.7 86.7 CD 12299 2298 742 | | CD 12299 2298 743 473 473 CD 12299 2298 744 | | CD 12299 2298 745 148 148 CD 12299 2298 746 | | CD 12299 2298 747 84.2 84.2 CD 12299 2298 748 | | CD 12299 2298 749 742 742 CD 12299 2298 750 | | CD 12299 2298 751 | | CD 12299 2298 752 | | CD 12299 2298 753 2 2 CD 12299 2298 754 by by IN 12299 2298 755 2 2 CD 12299 2298 756 | | CD 12299 2298 757 143 143 CD 12299 2298 758 | | CD 12299 2298 759 36.8 36.8 CD 12299 2298 760 | | CD 12299 2298 761 3,490 3,490 CD 12299 2298 762 | | CD 12299 2298 763 1,222 1,222 CD 12299 2298 764 | | CD 12299 2298 765 3,980 3,980 CD 12299 2298 766 | | CD 12299 2298 767 6 6 CD 12299 2298 768 by by IN 12299 2298 769 6 6 CD 12299 2298 770 | | CD 12299 2298 771 12 12 CD 12299 2298 772 | | CD 12299 2298 773 14 14 CD 12299 2298 774 | | CD 12299 2298 775 83.0 83.0 CD 12299 2298 776 | | CD 12299 2298 777 424 424 CD 12299 2298 778 | | CD 12299 2298 779 | | CD 12299 2298 780 | | CD 12299 2298 781 | | CD 12299 2298 782 | | CD 12299 2298 783 | | CD 12299 2298 784 | | CD 12299 2298 785 | | CD 12299 2298 786 | | CD 12299 2298 787 | | CD 12299 2298 788 | | CD 12299 2298 789 | | CD 12299 2298 790 6 6 CD 12299 2298 791 by by IN 12299 2298 792 7 7 CD 12299 2298 793 | | CD 12299 2298 794 9 9 CD 12299 2298 795 | | CD 12299 2298 796 13 13 CD 12299 2298 797 | | CD 12299 2298 798 74.7 74.7 CD 12299 2298 799 | | CD 12299 2298 800 477 477 CD 12299 2298 801 | | CD 12299 2298 802 | | CD 12299 2298 803 | | CD 12299 2298 804 | | CD 12299 2298 805 | | CD 12299 2298 806 | | CD 12299 2298 807 | | CD 12299 2298 808 | | CD 12299 2298 809 | | CD 12299 2298 810 | | CD 12299 2298 811 | | CD 12299 2298 812 | | CD 12299 2298 813 6 6 CD 12299 2298 814 by by IN 12299 2298 815 3 3 CD 12299 2298 816 | | CD 12299 2298 817 14 14 CD 12299 2298 818 | | CD 12299 2298 819 13 13 CD 12299 2298 820 | | CD 12299 2298 821 75.6 75.6 CD 12299 2298 822 | | CD 12299 2298 823 411 411 CD 12299 2298 824 | | CD 12299 2298 825 | | CD 12299 2298 826 | | CD 12299 2298 827 | | CD 12299 2298 828 | | CD 12299 2298 829 | | CD 12299 2298 830 | | CD 12299 2298 831 | | CD 12299 2298 832 | | CD 12299 2298 833 | | CD 12299 2298 834 | | CD 12299 2298 835 | | CD 12299 2298 836 6 6 CD 12299 2298 837 by by IN 12299 2298 838 2 2 CD 12299 2298 839 | | CD 12299 2298 840 12 12 CD 12299 2298 841 | | CD 12299 2298 842 12 12 CD 12299 2298 843 | | CD 12299 2298 844 66.5 66.5 CD 12299 2298 845 | | CD 12299 2298 846 430 430 CD 12299 2298 847 | | CD 12299 2298 848 | | CD 12299 2298 849 | | CD 12299 2298 850 | | CD 12299 2298 851 | | CD 12299 2298 852 | | CD 12299 2298 853 | | CD 12299 2298 854 | | CD 12299 2298 855 | | CD 12299 2298 856 | | CD 12299 2298 857 | | CD 12299 2298 858 | | CD 12299 2298 859 6 6 CD 12299 2298 860 by by IN 12299 2298 861 2 2 CD 12299 2298 862 | | CD 12299 2298 863 10 10 CD 12299 2298 864 | | CD 12299 2298 865 11 11 CD 12299 2298 866 | | CD 12299 2298 867 55.0 55.0 CD 12299 2298 868 | | CD 12299 2298 869 423 423 CD 12299 2298 870 | | CD 12299 2298 871 | | CD 12299 2298 872 | | CD 12299 2298 873 | | CD 12299 2298 874 | | CD 12299 2298 875 | | CD 12299 2298 876 | | CD 12299 2298 877 | | CD 12299 2298 878 | | CD 12299 2298 879 | | CD 12299 2298 880 | | CD 12299 2298 881 | | CD 12299 2298 882 6 6 CD 12299 2298 883 by by IN 12299 2298 884 2 2 CD 12299 2298 885 | | CD 12299 2298 886 8 8 CD 12299 2298 887 | | CD 12299 2298 888 12 12 CD 12299 2298 889 | | CD 12299 2298 890 56.7 56.7 CD 12299 2298 891 | | CD 12299 2298 892 396 396 CD 12299 2298 893 | | CD 12299 2298 894 | | CD 12299 2298 895 | | CD 12299 2298 896 | | CD 12299 2298 897 | | CD 12299 2298 898 | | CD 12299 2298 899 | | CD 12299 2298 900 | | CD 12299 2298 901 | | CD 12299 2298 902 | | CD 12299 2298 903 | | CD 12299 2298 904 | | CD 12299 2298 905 2 2 CD 12299 2298 906 by by IN 12299 2298 907 2 2 CD 12299 2298 908 | | CD 12299 2298 909 2 2 CD 12299 2298 910 | | CD 12299 2298 911 186 186 CD 12299 2298 912 | | CD 12299 2298 913 75.5 75.5 CD 12299 2298 914 | | CD 12299 2298 915 569 569 CD 12299 2298 916 | | CD 12299 2298 917 | | NNP 12299 2298 918 | | CD 12299 2298 919 | | NNP 12299 2298 920 | | NNP 12299 2298 921 Norway Norway NNP 12299 2298 922 pine pine NN 12299 2298 923 | | NNP 12299 2298 924 6 6 CD 12299 2298 925 by by IN 12299 2298 926 7 7 CD 12299 2298 927 | | CD 12299 2298 928 5 5 CD 12299 2298 929 | | CD 12299 2298 930 29.0 29.0 CD 12299 2298 931 | | CD 12299 2298 932 1,928 1,928 CD 12299 2298 933 | | CD 12299 2298 934 905 905 CD 12299 2298 935 | | CD 12299 2298 936 2,404 2,404 CD 12299 2298 937 | | CD 12299 2298 938 | | CD 12299 2298 939 | | CD 12299 2298 940 | | CD 12299 2298 941 | | CD 12299 2298 942 | | CD 12299 2298 943 20 20 CD 12299 2298 944 | | CD 12299 2298 945 26.7 26.7 CD 12299 2298 946 | | CD 12299 2298 947 589 589 CD 12299 2298 948 | | CD 12299 2298 949 | | CD 12299 2298 950 | | CD 12299 2298 951 4 4 CD 12299 2298 952 by by IN 12299 2298 953 7 7 CD 12299 2298 954 | | CD 12299 2298 955 8 8 CD 12299 2298 956 | | CD 12299 2298 957 28.4 28.4 CD 12299 2298 958 | | CD 12299 2298 959 2,154 2,154 CD 12299 2298 960 | | CD 12299 2298 961 1,063 1,063 CD 12299 2298 962 | | CD 12299 2298 963 2,652 2,652 CD 12299 2298 964 | | CD 12299 2298 965 | | CD 12299 2298 966 | | CD 12299 2298 967 | | CD 12299 2298 968 | | CD 12299 2298 969 | | CD 12299 2298 970 | | CD 12299 2298 971 | | CD 12299 2298 972 | | CD 12299 2298 973 | | CD 12299 2298 974 | | CD 12299 2298 975 2 2 CD 12299 2298 976 by by IN 12299 2298 977 2 2 CD 12299 2298 978 | | CD 12299 2298 979 178 178 CD 12299 2298 980 | | CD 12299 2298 981 26.8 26.8 CD 12299 2298 982 | | CD 12299 2298 983 | | CD 12299 2298 984 | | CD 12299 2298 985 2,504 2,504 CD 12299 2298 986 | | CD 12299 2298 987 | | CD 12299 2298 988 | | CD 12299 2298 989 | | CD 12299 2298 990 | | CD 12299 2298 991 | | CD 12299 2298 992 | | CD 12299 2298 993 | | CD 12299 2298 994 | | CD 12299 2298 995 | | CD 12299 2298 996 Red red JJ 12299 2298 997 spruce spruce VB 12299 2298 998 | | CD 12299 2298 999 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1000 by by IN 12299 2298 1001 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1002 | | CD 12299 2298 1003 58 58 CD 12299 2298 1004 | | CD 12299 2298 1005 35.4 35.4 CD 12299 2298 1006 | | CD 12299 2298 1007 | | CD 12299 2298 1008 | | CD 12299 2298 1009 2,750 2,750 CD 12299 2298 1010 | | CD 12299 2298 1011 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1012 by by IN 12299 2298 1013 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1014 | | CD 12299 2298 1015 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1016 | | CD 12299 2298 1017 43 43 CD 12299 2298 1018 | | CD 12299 2298 1019 31.8 31.8 CD 12299 2298 1020 | | CD 12299 2298 1021 310 310 CD 12299 2298 1022 | | CD 12299 2298 1023 30 30 CD 12299 2298 1024 | | CD 12299 2298 1025 32.0 32.0 CD 12299 2298 1026 | | CD 12299 2298 1027 758 758 CD 12299 2298 1028 | | CD 12299 2298 1029 | | CD 12299 2298 1030 White white JJ 12299 2298 1031 spruce spruce VB 12299 2298 1032 | | CD 12299 2298 1033 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1034 by by IN 12299 2298 1035 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1036 | | CD 12299 2298 1037 84 84 CD 12299 2298 1038 | | CD 12299 2298 1039 61.0 61.0 CD 12299 2298 1040 | | CD 12299 2298 1041 | | CD 12299 2298 1042 | | CD 12299 2298 1043 2,370 2,370 CD 12299 2298 1044 | | CD 12299 2298 1045 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1046 by by IN 12299 2298 1047 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1048 | | CD 12299 2298 1049 2 2 CD 12299 2298 1050 | | CD 12299 2298 1051 46 46 CD 12299 2298 1052 | | CD 12299 2298 1053 50.4 50.4 CD 12299 2298 1054 | | CD 12299 2298 1055 270 270 CD 12299 2298 1056 | | CD 12299 2298 1057 40 40 CD 12299 2298 1058 | | CD 12299 2298 1059 58.0 58.0 CD 12299 2298 1060 | | CD 12299 2298 1061 651 651 CD 12299 2298 1062 | | NNP 12299 2298 1063 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2298 1064 | | NNP 12299 2298 1065 _ _ NNP 12299 2298 1066 Note.--Following Note.--Following NNP 12299 2298 1067 is be VBZ 12299 2298 1068 an an DT 12299 2298 1069 explanation explanation NN 12299 2298 1070 of of IN 12299 2298 1071 the the DT 12299 2298 1072 abbreviations abbreviation NNS 12299 2298 1073 used use VBN 12299 2298 1074 in in IN 12299 2298 1075 the the DT 12299 2298 1076 foregoing foregoing NN 12299 2298 1077 tables table NNS 12299 2298 1078 : : : 12299 2298 1079 _ _ NNP 12299 2298 1080 | | NNP 12299 2298 1081 | | NNP 12299 2298 1082 F.S. F.S. NNP 12299 2299 1 at at IN 12299 2299 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2299 3 = = SYM 12299 2299 4 Fiber Fiber NNP 12299 2299 5 stress stress NN 12299 2299 6 at at IN 12299 2299 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2299 8 limit limit NN 12299 2299 9 . . . 12299 2300 1 | | NNP 12299 2300 2 | | NNP 12299 2300 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2300 4 of of IN 12299 2300 5 E. E. NNP 12299 2300 6 = = SYM 12299 2300 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2300 8 of of IN 12299 2300 9 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2300 10 . . . 12299 2301 1 | | NNP 12299 2301 2 | | NNP 12299 2301 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2301 4 of of IN 12299 2301 5 R. R. NNP 12299 2301 6 = = SYM 12299 2301 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2301 8 of of IN 12299 2301 9 rupture rupture NN 12299 2301 10 . . . 12299 2302 1 | | NNP 12299 2302 2 | | NNS 12299 2302 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2302 4 . . . 12299 2303 1 str str NNP 12299 2303 2 . . . 12299 2304 1 at at IN 12299 2304 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2304 3 = = SYM 12299 2304 4 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 2304 5 strength strength NN 12299 2304 6 at at IN 12299 2304 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2304 8 limit limit NN 12299 2304 9 . . . 12299 2305 1 | | NNP 12299 2305 2 | | NNS 12299 2305 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2305 4 . . . 12299 2306 1 str str NNP 12299 2306 2 . . . 12299 2307 1 at at IN 12299 2307 2 max max NNP 12299 2307 3 . . . 12299 2308 1 ld ld UH 12299 2308 2 . . . 12299 2309 1 = = NFP 12299 2309 2 Crushing crush VBG 12299 2309 3 strength strength NN 12299 2309 4 at at IN 12299 2309 5 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2309 6 load load NN 12299 2309 7 . . . 12299 2310 1 | | NNP 12299 2310 2 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2310 3 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NN 12299 2310 4 | | NN 12299 2310 5 TABLE table NN 12299 2310 6 XX xx NN 12299 2310 7 TABLE TABLE NNS 12299 2310 8 XX xx IN 12299 2310 9 | | CD 12299 2310 10 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2310 11 | | NN 12299 2310 12 BENDING BENDING NNP 12299 2310 13 TESTS TESTS NNP 12299 2310 14 ON on IN 12299 2310 15 AIR AIR NNP 12299 2310 16 - - HYPH 12299 2310 17 SEASONED SEASONED NNP 12299 2310 18 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 2310 19 | | NNP 12299 2310 20 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2310 21 | | CD 12299 2310 22 | | NNP 12299 2310 23 Sizes Sizes NNP 12299 2310 24 | | NNP 12299 2310 25 | | NNP 12299 2310 26 | | NNP 12299 2310 27 | | NNS 12299 2310 28 F.S. F.S. NNS 12299 2311 1 at at IN 12299 2311 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2311 3 | | NNP 12299 2311 4 M. M. NNP 12299 2311 5 of of IN 12299 2311 6 R. R. NNP 12299 2311 7 | | NNP 12299 2311 8 M. M. NNP 12299 2311 9 of of IN 12299 2311 10 E. E. NNP 12299 2311 11 | | NNP 12299 2311 12 Calculated Calculated NNP 12299 2311 13 | | NNP 12299 2311 14 | | NNP 12299 2311 15 |-----------------| |-----------------| NNP 12299 2311 16 Num- Num- NNP 12299 2311 17 | | NNP 12299 2311 18 Per Per NNP 12299 2311 19 | | NNP 12299 2311 20 Rings Rings NNP 12299 2311 21 | | NNP 12299 2311 22 | | CD 12299 2311 23 | | CD 12299 2311 24 | | CD 12299 2311 25 shear shear NN 12299 2311 26 | | CD 12299 2311 27 | | NNP 12299 2311 28 Species Species NNPS 12299 2311 29 | | NNP 12299 2311 30 | | NNP 12299 2311 31 | | CD 12299 2311 32 ber ber NN 12299 2311 33 | | HYPH 12299 2311 34 cent cent NN 12299 2311 35 | | NNP 12299 2311 36 per per IN 12299 2311 37 |-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------| |-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------| NNP 12299 2311 38 | | NNP 12299 2311 39 | | NNP 12299 2311 40 Cross Cross NNP 12299 2311 41 | | NNP 12299 2311 42 Span Span NNP 12299 2311 43 | | NNP 12299 2311 44 of of IN 12299 2311 45 | | CD 12299 2311 46 mois- mois- JJ 12299 2311 47 | | HYPH 12299 2311 48 inch inch NN 12299 2311 49 | | NNP 12299 2311 50 Average average JJ 12299 2311 51 | | NNP 12299 2311 52 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2311 53 | | NNP 12299 2311 54 Average Average NNP 12299 2311 55 | | NNP 12299 2311 56 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2311 57 | | NNP 12299 2311 58 Average Average NNP 12299 2311 59 | | NNP 12299 2311 60 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2311 61 | | NNP 12299 2311 62 Average Average NNP 12299 2311 63 | | NNP 12299 2311 64 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2311 65 | | NNP 12299 2311 66 | | NNP 12299 2311 67 | | NNP 12299 2311 68 Section Section NNP 12299 2311 69 | | NNP 12299 2311 70 | | NNP 12299 2311 71 tests test NNS 12299 2311 72 | | CD 12299 2311 73 ture ture NN 12299 2311 74 | | CD 12299 2311 75 | | NNS 12299 2311 76 per per IN 12299 2311 77 sq sq NN 12299 2311 78 . . . 12299 2312 1 | | CD 12299 2312 2 to to IN 12299 2312 3 2 2 CD 12299 2312 4 " " '' 12299 2312 5 | | CD 12299 2312 6 per per IN 12299 2312 7 sq sq NN 12299 2312 8 . . . 12299 2313 1 | | CD 12299 2313 2 to to IN 12299 2313 3 2 2 CD 12299 2313 4 " " '' 12299 2313 5 | | CD 12299 2313 6 per per IN 12299 2313 7 sq sq NN 12299 2313 8 . . . 12299 2314 1 | | CD 12299 2314 2 to to IN 12299 2314 3 2 2 CD 12299 2314 4 " " '' 12299 2314 5 | | CD 12299 2314 6 per per IN 12299 2314 7 sq sq NN 12299 2314 8 . . . 12299 2315 1 | | CD 12299 2315 2 to to IN 12299 2315 3 2 2 CD 12299 2315 4 " " '' 12299 2315 5 | | NNP 12299 2315 6 | | NNP 12299 2315 7 | | CD 12299 2315 8 | | CD 12299 2315 9 | | CD 12299 2315 10 | | CD 12299 2315 11 | | CD 12299 2315 12 | | CD 12299 2315 13 inch inch NN 12299 2315 14 | | VBN 12299 2315 15 by by IN 12299 2315 16 2 2 CD 12299 2315 17 " " `` 12299 2315 18 | | CD 12299 2315 19 inch inch NN 12299 2315 20 | | VBN 12299 2315 21 by by IN 12299 2315 22 2 2 CD 12299 2315 23 " " `` 12299 2315 24 | | CD 12299 2315 25 inch inch NN 12299 2315 26 | | VBN 12299 2315 27 by by IN 12299 2315 28 2 2 CD 12299 2315 29 " " `` 12299 2315 30 | | CD 12299 2315 31 inch inch NN 12299 2315 32 | | VBN 12299 2315 33 by by IN 12299 2315 34 2 2 CD 12299 2315 35 " " `` 12299 2315 36 | | NNP 12299 2315 37 |-----------------+----------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------| |-----------------+----------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------| NNP 12299 2315 38 | | CD 12299 2315 39 | | NNP 12299 2315 40 | | CD 12299 2315 41 | | CD 12299 2315 42 | | CD 12299 2315 43 | | CD 12299 2315 44 | | CD 12299 2315 45 | | CD 12299 2315 46 | | CD 12299 2315 47 | | CD 12299 2315 48 | | CD 12299 2315 49 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 2315 50 | | CD 12299 2315 51 | | CD 12299 2315 52 | | CD 12299 2315 53 | | CD 12299 2315 54 | | CD 12299 2315 55 | | NNP 12299 2315 56 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2315 57 | | NNP 12299 2315 58 Ins Ins NNP 12299 2315 59 . . . 12299 2316 1 | | NNP 12299 2316 2 | | CD 12299 2316 3 | | CD 12299 2316 4 | | NNP 12299 2316 5 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2316 6 . . . 12299 2317 1 | | NNP 12299 2317 2 | | NNP 12299 2317 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2317 4 . . . 12299 2318 1 | | NNS 12299 2318 2 | | NNP 12299 2318 3 lbs lbs NN 12299 2318 4 . . . 12299 2319 1 | | NNP 12299 2319 2 | | NNP 12299 2319 3 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2319 4 . . . 12299 2320 1 | | NNP 12299 2320 2 | | CD 12299 2320 3 | | CD 12299 2320 4 | | CD 12299 2320 5 | | CD 12299 2320 6 | | CD 12299 2320 7 | | CD 12299 2320 8 | | CD 12299 2320 9 | | CD 12299 2320 10 | | CD 12299 2320 11 | | CD 12299 2320 12 | | CD 12299 2320 13 | | CD 12299 2320 14 | | CD 12299 2320 15 | | CD 12299 2320 16 | | CD 12299 2320 17 | | CD 12299 2320 18 | | NNP 12299 2320 19 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 2320 20 pine pine NN 12299 2320 21 | | NNP 12299 2320 22 8 8 CD 12299 2320 23 by by IN 12299 2320 24 16 16 CD 12299 2320 25 | | CD 12299 2320 26 180 180 CD 12299 2320 27 | | CD 12299 2320 28 5 5 CD 12299 2320 29 | | CD 12299 2320 30 22.2 22.2 CD 12299 2320 31 | | CD 12299 2320 32 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 2320 33 | | CD 12299 2320 34 3,390 3,390 CD 12299 2320 35 | | CD 12299 2320 36 0.50 0.50 CD 12299 2320 37 | | CD 12299 2320 38 4,274 4,274 CD 12299 2320 39 | | CD 12299 2320 40 0.37 0.37 CD 12299 2320 41 | | CD 12299 2320 42 1,747 1,747 CD 12299 2320 43 | | CD 12299 2320 44 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 45 | | CD 12299 2320 46 288 288 CD 12299 2320 47 | | CD 12299 2320 48 0.75 0.75 CD 12299 2320 49 | | NNP 12299 2320 50 | | CD 12299 2320 51 | | CD 12299 2320 52 6 6 CD 12299 2320 53 by by IN 12299 2320 54 16 16 CD 12299 2320 55 | | CD 12299 2320 56 132 132 CD 12299 2320 57 | | CD 12299 2320 58 1 1 CD 12299 2320 59 | | CD 12299 2320 60 23.4 23.4 CD 12299 2320 61 | | CD 12299 2320 62 17.1 17.1 CD 12299 2320 63 | | CD 12299 2320 64 3,470 3,470 CD 12299 2320 65 | | CD 12299 2320 66 .51 .51 CD 12299 2320 67 | | CD 12299 2320 68 6,610 6,610 CD 12299 2320 69 | | CD 12299 2320 70 .57 .57 CD 12299 2320 71 | | CD 12299 2320 72 1,501 1,501 CD 12299 2320 73 | | CD 12299 2320 74 .86 .86 CD 12299 2320 75 | | CD 12299 2320 76 388 388 CD 12299 2320 77 | | CD 12299 2320 78 1.01 1.01 CD 12299 2320 79 | | CD 12299 2320 80 | | CD 12299 2320 81 | | CD 12299 2320 82 6 6 CD 12299 2320 83 by by IN 12299 2320 84 10 10 CD 12299 2320 85 | | CD 12299 2320 86 177 177 CD 12299 2320 87 | | CD 12299 2320 88 2 2 CD 12299 2320 89 | | CD 12299 2320 90 19.0 19.0 CD 12299 2320 91 | | CD 12299 2320 92 8.8 8.8 CD 12299 2320 93 | | CD 12299 2320 94 4,560 4,560 CD 12299 2320 95 | | CD 12299 2320 96 .68 .68 CD 12299 2320 97 | | CD 12299 2320 98 7,880 7,880 CD 12299 2320 99 | | CD 12299 2320 100 .68 .68 CD 12299 2320 101 | | CD 12299 2320 102 1,722 1,722 CD 12299 2320 103 | | CD 12299 2320 104 .99 .99 CD 12299 2320 105 | | NNP 12299 2320 106 214 214 CD 12299 2320 107 | | CD 12299 2320 108 .56 .56 CD 12299 2320 109 | | NNP 12299 2320 110 | | CD 12299 2320 111 | | CD 12299 2320 112 4 4 CD 12299 2320 113 by by IN 12299 2320 114 11 11 CD 12299 2320 115 | | CD 12299 2320 116 180 180 CD 12299 2320 117 | | CD 12299 2320 118 1 1 CD 12299 2320 119 | | CD 12299 2320 120 18.4 18.4 CD 12299 2320 121 | | CD 12299 2320 122 23.9 23.9 CD 12299 2320 123 | | CD 12299 2320 124 3,078 3,078 CD 12299 2320 125 | | CD 12299 2320 126 .46 .46 CD 12299 2320 127 | | CD 12299 2320 128 8,000 8,000 CD 12299 2320 129 | | CD 12299 2320 130 .69 .69 CD 12299 2320 131 | | CD 12299 2320 132 1,660 1,660 CD 12299 2320 133 | | CD 12299 2320 134 .95 .95 CD 12299 2320 135 | | CD 12299 2320 136 251 251 CD 12299 2320 137 | | CD 12299 2320 138 .66 .66 CD 12299 2320 139 | | CD 12299 2320 140 | | CD 12299 2320 141 | | CD 12299 2320 142 6 6 CD 12299 2320 143 by by IN 12299 2320 144 8 8 CD 12299 2320 145 | | CD 12299 2320 146 177 177 CD 12299 2320 147 | | CD 12299 2320 148 6 6 CD 12299 2320 149 | | CD 12299 2320 150 20.0 20.0 CD 12299 2320 151 | | CD 12299 2320 152 13.7 13.7 CD 12299 2320 153 | | CD 12299 2320 154 4,227 4,227 CD 12299 2320 155 | | CD 12299 2320 156 .63 .63 CD 12299 2320 157 | | CD 12299 2320 158 8,196 8,196 CD 12299 2320 159 | | CD 12299 2320 160 .71 .71 CD 12299 2320 161 | | NNP 12299 2320 162 1,634 1,634 CD 12299 2320 163 | | CD 12299 2320 164 .94 .94 CD 12299 2320 165 | | CD 12299 2320 166 177 177 CD 12299 2320 167 | | CD 12299 2320 168 .46 .46 CD 12299 2320 169 | | CD 12299 2320 170 | | CD 12299 2320 171 | | CD 12299 2320 172 2 2 CD 12299 2320 173 by by IN 12299 2320 174 2 2 CD 12299 2320 175 | | CD 12299 2320 176 30 30 CD 12299 2320 177 | | CD 12299 2320 178 17 17 CD 12299 2320 179 | | CD 12299 2320 180 15.9 15.9 CD 12299 2320 181 | | CD 12299 2320 182 13.9 13.9 CD 12299 2320 183 | | CD 12299 2320 184 6,750 6,750 CD 12299 2320 185 | | CD 12299 2320 186 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 187 | | CD 12299 2320 188 11,520 11,520 CD 12299 2320 189 | | CD 12299 2320 190 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 191 | | CD 12299 2320 192 1,740 1,740 CD 12299 2320 193 | | CD 12299 2320 194 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 195 | | CD 12299 2320 196 383 383 CD 12299 2320 197 | | CD 12299 2320 198 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 199 | | CD 12299 2320 200 | | NNP 12299 2320 201 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2320 202 fir fir NN 12299 2320 203 | | CD 12299 2320 204 8 8 CD 12299 2320 205 by by IN 12299 2320 206 16 16 CD 12299 2320 207 | | CD 12299 2320 208 180 180 CD 12299 2320 209 | | CD 12299 2320 210 91 91 CD 12299 2320 211 | | CD 12299 2320 212 20.8 20.8 CD 12299 2320 213 | | CD 12299 2320 214 13.1 13.1 CD 12299 2320 215 | | CD 12299 2320 216 4,563 4,563 CD 12299 2320 217 | | CD 12299 2320 218 .68 .68 CD 12299 2320 219 | | CD 12299 2320 220 6,372 6,372 CD 12299 2320 221 | | CD 12299 2320 222 .61 .61 CD 12299 2320 223 | | CD 12299 2320 224 1,549 1,549 CD 12299 2320 225 | | CD 12299 2320 226 .91 .91 CD 12299 2320 227 | | CD 12299 2320 228 269 269 CD 12299 2320 229 | | CD 12299 2320 230 .64 .64 CD 12299 2320 231 | | CD 12299 2320 232 | | CD 12299 2320 233 | | CD 12299 2320 234 5 5 CD 12299 2320 235 by by IN 12299 2320 236 8 8 CD 12299 2320 237 | | CD 12299 2320 238 180 180 CD 12299 2320 239 | | CD 12299 2320 240 30 30 CD 12299 2320 241 | | CD 12299 2320 242 14.9 14.9 CD 12299 2320 243 | | CD 12299 2320 244 12.2 12.2 CD 12299 2320 245 | | CD 12299 2320 246 5,065 5,065 CD 12299 2320 247 | | CD 12299 2320 248 .76 .76 CD 12299 2320 249 | | CD 12299 2320 250 6,777 6,777 CD 12299 2320 251 | | CD 12299 2320 252 .65 .65 CD 12299 2320 253 | | CD 12299 2320 254 1,853 1,853 CD 12299 2320 255 | | CD 12299 2320 256 1.09 1.09 CD 12299 2320 257 | | CD 12299 2320 258 218 218 CD 12299 2320 259 | | CD 12299 2320 260 .52 .52 CD 12299 2320 261 | | CD 12299 2320 262 | | CD 12299 2320 263 | | CD 12299 2320 264 2 2 CD 12299 2320 265 by by IN 12299 2320 266 2 2 CD 12299 2320 267 | | CD 12299 2320 268 24 24 CD 12299 2320 269 | | CD 12299 2320 270 211 211 CD 12299 2320 271 | | CD 12299 2320 272 19.0 19.0 CD 12299 2320 273 | | CD 12299 2320 274 16.4 16.4 CD 12299 2320 275 | | CD 12299 2320 276 6,686 6,686 CD 12299 2320 277 | | CD 12299 2320 278 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 279 | | CD 12299 2320 280 10,378 10,378 CD 12299 2320 281 | | CD 12299 2320 282 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 283 | | CD 12299 2320 284 1,695 1,695 CD 12299 2320 285 | | CD 12299 2320 286 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 287 | | CD 12299 2320 288 419 419 CD 12299 2320 289 | | CD 12299 2320 290 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 291 | | CD 12299 2320 292 | | NNP 12299 2320 293 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 2320 294 pine pine NN 12299 2320 295 | | CD 12299 2320 296 8 8 CD 12299 2320 297 by by IN 12299 2320 298 16 16 CD 12299 2320 299 | | CD 12299 2320 300 180 180 CD 12299 2320 301 | | CD 12299 2320 302 3 3 CD 12299 2320 303 | | CD 12299 2320 304 17.0 17.0 CD 12299 2320 305 | | CD 12299 2320 306 12.3 12.3 CD 12299 2320 307 | | CD 12299 2320 308 4,220 4,220 CD 12299 2320 309 | | CD 12299 2320 310 .54 .54 CD 12299 2320 311 | | CD 12299 2320 312 6,030 6,030 CD 12299 2320 313 | | CD 12299 2320 314 .50 .50 CD 12299 2320 315 | | CD 12299 2320 316 1,517 1,517 CD 12299 2320 317 | | CD 12299 2320 318 .85 .85 SYM 12299 2320 319 | | CD 12299 2320 320 398 398 CD 12299 2320 321 | | CD 12299 2320 322 .98 .98 CD 12299 2320 323 | | CD 12299 2320 324 | | CD 12299 2320 325 | | CD 12299 2320 326 8 8 CD 12299 2320 327 by by IN 12299 2320 328 14 14 CD 12299 2320 329 | | CD 12299 2320 330 180 180 CD 12299 2320 331 | | CD 12299 2320 332 3 3 CD 12299 2320 333 | | CD 12299 2320 334 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 2320 335 | | CD 12299 2320 336 12.3 12.3 CD 12299 2320 337 | | CD 12299 2320 338 4,253 4,253 CD 12299 2320 339 | | CD 12299 2320 340 .55 .55 CD 12299 2320 341 | | CD 12299 2320 342 5,347 5,347 CD 12299 2320 343 | | CD 12299 2320 344 .44 .44 CD 12299 2320 345 | | CD 12299 2320 346 1,757 1,757 CD 12299 2320 347 | | CD 12299 2320 348 .98 .98 CD 12299 2320 349 | | CD 12299 2320 350 307 307 CD 12299 2320 351 | | CD 12299 2320 352 .76 .76 CD 12299 2320 353 | | CD 12299 2320 354 | | CD 12299 2320 355 | | CD 12299 2320 356 8 8 CD 12299 2320 357 by by IN 12299 2320 358 12 12 CD 12299 2320 359 | | CD 12299 2320 360 180 180 CD 12299 2320 361 | | CD 12299 2320 362 7 7 CD 12299 2320 363 | | CD 12299 2320 364 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 2320 365 | | CD 12299 2320 366 12.4 12.4 CD 12299 2320 367 | | CD 12299 2320 368 5,051 5,051 CD 12299 2320 369 | | CD 12299 2320 370 .65 .65 CD 12299 2320 371 | | CD 12299 2320 372 7,331 7,331 CD 12299 2320 373 | | CD 12299 2320 374 .60 .60 CD 12299 2320 375 | | CD 12299 2320 376 1,803 1,803 CD 12299 2320 377 | | CD 12299 2320 378 1.01 1.01 CD 12299 2320 379 | | CD 12299 2320 380 361 361 CD 12299 2320 381 | | CD 12299 2320 382 .89 .89 CD 12299 2320 383 | | CD 12299 2320 384 | | CD 12299 2320 385 | | CD 12299 2320 386 5 5 CD 12299 2320 387 by by IN 12299 2320 388 8 8 CD 12299 2320 389 | | CD 12299 2320 390 180 180 CD 12299 2320 391 | | CD 12299 2320 392 6 6 CD 12299 2320 393 | | CD 12299 2320 394 12.2 12.2 CD 12299 2320 395 | | CD 12299 2320 396 22.5 22.5 CD 12299 2320 397 | | CD 12299 2320 398 7,123 7,123 CD 12299 2320 399 | | CD 12299 2320 400 .92 .92 CD 12299 2320 401 | | CD 12299 2320 402 9,373 9,373 CD 12299 2320 403 | | CD 12299 2320 404 .77 .77 CD 12299 2320 405 | | CD 12299 2320 406 1,985 1,985 CD 12299 2320 407 | | CD 12299 2320 408 1.11 1.11 CD 12299 2320 409 | | CD 12299 2320 410 301 301 CD 12299 2320 411 | | CD 12299 2320 412 .74 .74 CD 12299 2320 413 | | CD 12299 2320 414 | | CD 12299 2320 415 | | CD 12299 2320 416 2 2 CD 12299 2320 417 by by IN 12299 2320 418 2 2 CD 12299 2320 419 | | CD 12299 2320 420 30 30 CD 12299 2320 421 | | CD 12299 2320 422 67 67 CD 12299 2320 423 | | CD 12299 2320 424 14.2 14.2 CD 12299 2320 425 | | CD 12299 2320 426 13.7 13.7 CD 12299 2320 427 | | CD 12299 2320 428 7,780 7,780 CD 12299 2320 429 | | CD 12299 2320 430 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 431 | | CD 12299 2320 432 12,120 12,120 CD 12299 2320 433 | | CD 12299 2320 434 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 435 | | CD 12299 2320 436 1,792 1,792 CD 12299 2320 437 | | CD 12299 2320 438 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 439 | | CD 12299 2320 440 404 404 CD 12299 2320 441 | | CD 12299 2320 442 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 443 | | CD 12299 2320 444 | | JJ 12299 2320 445 Western western JJ 12299 2320 446 larch larch NN 12299 2320 447 | | CD 12299 2320 448 8 8 CD 12299 2320 449 by by IN 12299 2320 450 16 16 CD 12299 2320 451 | | CD 12299 2320 452 180 180 CD 12299 2320 453 | | CD 12299 2320 454 23 23 CD 12299 2320 455 | | CD 12299 2320 456 18.3 18.3 CD 12299 2320 457 | | CD 12299 2320 458 21.9 21.9 CD 12299 2320 459 | | CD 12299 2320 460 3,343 3,343 CD 12299 2320 461 | | CD 12299 2320 462 .57 .57 CD 12299 2320 463 | | NNP 12299 2320 464 5,440 5,440 CD 12299 2320 465 | | CD 12299 2320 466 .53 .53 CD 12299 2320 467 | | CD 12299 2320 468 1,409 1,409 CD 12299 2320 469 | | CD 12299 2320 470 .90 .90 CD 12299 2320 471 | | CD 12299 2320 472 349 349 CD 12299 2320 473 | | CD 12299 2320 474 .96 .96 CD 12299 2320 475 | | CD 12299 2320 476 | | CD 12299 2320 477 | | CD 12299 2320 478 8 8 CD 12299 2320 479 by by IN 12299 2320 480 12 12 CD 12299 2320 481 | | CD 12299 2320 482 180 180 CD 12299 2320 483 | | CD 12299 2320 484 29 29 CD 12299 2320 485 | | CD 12299 2320 486 17.8 17.8 CD 12299 2320 487 | | CD 12299 2320 488 23.4 23.4 CD 12299 2320 489 | | CD 12299 2320 490 3,631 3,631 CD 12299 2320 491 | | CD 12299 2320 492 .62 .62 CD 12299 2320 493 | | CD 12299 2320 494 6,186 6,186 CD 12299 2320 495 | | CD 12299 2320 496 .60 .60 CD 12299 2320 497 | | CD 12299 2320 498 1,549 1,549 CD 12299 2320 499 | | CD 12299 2320 500 .99 .99 CD 12299 2320 501 | | CD 12299 2320 502 295 295 CD 12299 2320 503 | | CD 12299 2320 504 .81 .81 CD 12299 2320 505 | | CD 12299 2320 506 | | CD 12299 2320 507 | | CD 12299 2320 508 5 5 CD 12299 2320 509 by by IN 12299 2320 510 8 8 CD 12299 2320 511 | | CD 12299 2320 512 180 180 CD 12299 2320 513 | | CD 12299 2320 514 10 10 CD 12299 2320 515 | | CD 12299 2320 516 13.6 13.6 CD 12299 2320 517 | | CD 12299 2320 518 27.6 27.6 CD 12299 2320 519 | | CD 12299 2320 520 4,730 4,730 CD 12299 2320 521 | | CD 12299 2320 522 .80 .80 CD 12299 2320 523 | | CD 12299 2320 524 7,258 7,258 CD 12299 2320 525 | | CD 12299 2320 526 .71 .71 CD 12299 2320 527 | | CD 12299 2320 528 1,620 1,620 CD 12299 2320 529 | | CD 12299 2320 530 1.04 1.04 CD 12299 2320 531 | | NNP 12299 2320 532 221 221 CD 12299 2320 533 | | CD 12299 2320 534 .61 .61 CD 12299 2320 535 | | CD 12299 2320 536 | | CD 12299 2320 537 | | CD 12299 2320 538 2 2 CD 12299 2320 539 by by IN 12299 2320 540 2 2 CD 12299 2320 541 | | CD 12299 2320 542 30 30 CD 12299 2320 543 | | CD 12299 2320 544 240 240 CD 12299 2320 545 | | CD 12299 2320 546 16.1 16.1 CD 12299 2320 547 | | CD 12299 2320 548 26.8 26.8 CD 12299 2320 549 | | CD 12299 2320 550 5,880 5,880 CD 12299 2320 551 | | CD 12299 2320 552 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 553 | | CD 12299 2320 554 10,254 10,254 CD 12299 2320 555 | | CD 12299 2320 556 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 557 | | CD 12299 2320 558 1,564 1,564 CD 12299 2320 559 | | CD 12299 2320 560 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 561 | | CD 12299 2320 562 364 364 CD 12299 2320 563 | | CD 12299 2320 564 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 565 | | CD 12299 2320 566 | | NNP 12299 2320 567 Loblolly loblolly RB 12299 2320 568 pine pine VB 12299 2320 569 | | NNP 12299 2320 570 8 8 CD 12299 2320 571 by by IN 12299 2320 572 16 16 CD 12299 2320 573 | | CD 12299 2320 574 180 180 CD 12299 2320 575 | | CD 12299 2320 576 14 14 CD 12299 2320 577 | | CD 12299 2320 578 20.5 20.5 CD 12299 2320 579 | | CD 12299 2320 580 7.4 7.4 CD 12299 2320 581 | | CD 12299 2320 582 4,195 4,195 CD 12299 2320 583 | | CD 12299 2320 584 .81 .81 CD 12299 2320 585 | | CD 12299 2320 586 6,734 6,734 CD 12299 2320 587 | | CD 12299 2320 588 .72 .72 SYM 12299 2320 589 | | CD 12299 2320 590 1,619 1,619 CD 12299 2320 591 | | CD 12299 2320 592 1.10 1.10 CD 12299 2320 593 | | CD 12299 2320 594 462 462 CD 12299 2320 595 | | CD 12299 2320 596 1.45 1.45 CD 12299 2320 597 | | CD 12299 2320 598 | | CD 12299 2320 599 | | CD 12299 2320 600 6 6 CD 12299 2320 601 by by IN 12299 2320 602 16 16 CD 12299 2320 603 | | CD 12299 2320 604 126 126 CD 12299 2320 605 | | CD 12299 2320 606 4 4 CD 12299 2320 607 | | CD 12299 2320 608 20.2 20.2 CD 12299 2320 609 | | CD 12299 2320 610 5.0 5.0 CD 12299 2320 611 | | CD 12299 2320 612 2,432 2,432 CD 12299 2320 613 | | CD 12299 2320 614 .47 .47 CD 12299 2320 615 | | CD 12299 2320 616 4,295 4,295 CD 12299 2320 617 | | CD 12299 2320 618 .46 .46 CD 12299 2320 619 | | CD 12299 2320 620 1,324 1,324 CD 12299 2320 621 | | CD 12299 2320 622 .90 .90 CD 12299 2320 623 | | CD 12299 2320 624 266 266 CD 12299 2320 625 | | CD 12299 2320 626 .84 .84 CD 12299 2320 627 | | CD 12299 2320 628 | | CD 12299 2320 629 | | CD 12299 2320 630 6 6 CD 12299 2320 631 by by IN 12299 2320 632 10 10 CD 12299 2320 633 | | CD 12299 2320 634 174 174 CD 12299 2320 635 | | CD 12299 2320 636 3 3 CD 12299 2320 637 | | CD 12299 2320 638 21.3 21.3 CD 12299 2320 639 | | CD 12299 2320 640 4.7 4.7 CD 12299 2320 641 | | CD 12299 2320 642 3,100 3,100 CD 12299 2320 643 | | CD 12299 2320 644 .60 .60 CD 12299 2320 645 | | CD 12299 2320 646 6,167 6,167 CD 12299 2320 647 | | CD 12299 2320 648 .66 .66 CD 12299 2320 649 | | CD 12299 2320 650 1,449 1,449 CD 12299 2320 651 | | CD 12299 2320 652 .99 .99 CD 12299 2320 653 | | CD 12299 2320 654 173 173 CD 12299 2320 655 | | CD 12299 2320 656 .54 .54 CD 12299 2320 657 | | CD 12299 2320 658 | | CD 12299 2320 659 | | CD 12299 2320 660 4 4 CD 12299 2320 661 by by IN 12299 2320 662 12 12 CD 12299 2320 663 | | CD 12299 2320 664 174 174 CD 12299 2320 665 | | CD 12299 2320 666 4 4 CD 12299 2320 667 | | CD 12299 2320 668 19.8 19.8 CD 12299 2320 669 | | CD 12299 2320 670 4.7 4.7 CD 12299 2320 671 | | CD 12299 2320 672 2,713 2,713 CD 12299 2320 673 | | CD 12299 2320 674 .52 .52 CD 12299 2320 675 | | CD 12299 2320 676 5,745 5,745 CD 12299 2320 677 | | CD 12299 2320 678 .61 .61 CD 12299 2320 679 | | CD 12299 2320 680 1,249 1,249 CD 12299 2320 681 | | CD 12299 2320 682 .85 .85 SYM 12299 2320 683 | | CD 12299 2320 684 185 185 CD 12299 2320 685 | | CD 12299 2320 686 .58 .58 CD 12299 2320 687 | | CD 12299 2320 688 | | CD 12299 2320 689 | | CD 12299 2320 690 8 8 CD 12299 2320 691 by by IN 12299 2320 692 8 8 CD 12299 2320 693 | | CD 12299 2320 694 180 180 CD 12299 2320 695 | | CD 12299 2320 696 9 9 CD 12299 2320 697 | | CD 12299 2320 698 22.9 22.9 CD 12299 2320 699 | | CD 12299 2320 700 4.9 4.9 CD 12299 2320 701 | | CD 12299 2320 702 2,903 2,903 CD 12299 2320 703 | | CD 12299 2320 704 .56 .56 CD 12299 2320 705 | | CD 12299 2320 706 4,557 4,557 CD 12299 2320 707 | | CD 12299 2320 708 .48 .48 SYM 12299 2320 709 | | CD 12299 2320 710 1,136 1,136 CD 12299 2320 711 | | CD 12299 2320 712 .77 .77 CD 12299 2320 713 | | CD 12299 2320 714 93 93 CD 12299 2320 715 | | CD 12299 2320 716 .29 .29 CD 12299 2320 717 | | CD 12299 2320 718 | | CD 12299 2320 719 | | CD 12299 2320 720 6 6 CD 12299 2320 721 by by IN 12299 2320 722 7 7 CD 12299 2320 723 | | CD 12299 2320 724 144 144 CD 12299 2320 725 | | CD 12299 2320 726 2 2 CD 12299 2320 727 | | CD 12299 2320 728 21.1 21.1 CD 12299 2320 729 | | CD 12299 2320 730 5.0 5.0 CD 12299 2320 731 | | CD 12299 2320 732 2,990 2,990 CD 12299 2320 733 | | CD 12299 2320 734 .58 .58 CD 12299 2320 735 | | CD 12299 2320 736 4,968 4,968 CD 12299 2320 737 | | CD 12299 2320 738 .53 .53 CD 12299 2320 739 | | CD 12299 2320 740 1,286 1,286 CD 12299 2320 741 | | CD 12299 2320 742 .88 .88 CD 12299 2320 743 | | CD 12299 2320 744 116 116 CD 12299 2320 745 | | CD 12299 2320 746 .36 .36 CD 12299 2320 747 | | CD 12299 2320 748 | | CD 12299 2320 749 | | CD 12299 2320 750 4 4 CD 12299 2320 751 by by IN 12299 2320 752 8 8 CD 12299 2320 753 | | CD 12299 2320 754 132 132 CD 12299 2320 755 | | CD 12299 2320 756 8 8 CD 12299 2320 757 | | CD 12299 2320 758 19.5 19.5 CD 12299 2320 759 | | CD 12299 2320 760 9.1 9.1 CD 12299 2320 761 | | CD 12299 2320 762 3,384 3,384 CD 12299 2320 763 | | CD 12299 2320 764 .65 .65 CD 12299 2320 765 | | CD 12299 2320 766 6,194 6,194 CD 12299 2320 767 | | CD 12299 2320 768 .66 .66 CD 12299 2320 769 | | CD 12299 2320 770 1,200 1,200 CD 12299 2320 771 | | CD 12299 2320 772 .82 .82 CD 12299 2320 773 | | CD 12299 2320 774 196 196 CD 12299 2320 775 | | CD 12299 2320 776 .62 .62 CD 12299 2320 777 | | CD 12299 2320 778 | | CD 12299 2320 779 | | CD 12299 2320 780 2 2 CD 12299 2320 781 by by IN 12299 2320 782 2 2 CD 12299 2320 783 | | CD 12299 2320 784 30 30 CD 12299 2320 785 | | CD 12299 2320 786 123 123 CD 12299 2320 787 | | CD 12299 2320 788 17.6 17.6 CD 12299 2320 789 | | CD 12299 2320 790 6.6 6.6 CD 12299 2320 791 | | CD 12299 2320 792 5,170 5,170 CD 12299 2320 793 | | CD 12299 2320 794 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 795 | | CD 12299 2320 796 9,400 9,400 CD 12299 2320 797 | | CD 12299 2320 798 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 799 | | CD 12299 2320 800 1,467 1,467 CD 12299 2320 801 | | CD 12299 2320 802 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 803 | | CD 12299 2320 804 318 318 CD 12299 2320 805 | | CD 12299 2320 806 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 807 | | CD 12299 2320 808 | | NNP 12299 2320 809 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 2320 810 | | CD 12299 2320 811 6 6 CD 12299 2320 812 by by IN 12299 2320 813 12 12 CD 12299 2320 814 | | CD 12299 2320 815 162 162 CD 12299 2320 816 | | CD 12299 2320 817 5 5 CD 12299 2320 818 | | CD 12299 2320 819 23.0 23.0 CD 12299 2320 820 | | CD 12299 2320 821 15.1 15.1 CD 12299 2320 822 | | CD 12299 2320 823 3,434 3,434 CD 12299 2320 824 | | CD 12299 2320 825 .45 .45 CD 12299 2320 826 | | CD 12299 2320 827 5,640 5,640 CD 12299 2320 828 | | CD 12299 2320 829 .43 .43 CD 12299 2320 830 | | CD 12299 2320 831 1,330 1,330 CD 12299 2320 832 | | CD 12299 2320 833 .82 .82 CD 12299 2320 834 | | NNP 12299 2320 835 318 318 CD 12299 2320 836 | | CD 12299 2320 837 .75 .75 CD 12299 2320 838 | | NNP 12299 2320 839 | | CD 12299 2320 840 | | CD 12299 2320 841 4 4 CD 12299 2320 842 by by IN 12299 2320 843 10 10 CD 12299 2320 844 | | CD 12299 2320 845 162 162 CD 12299 2320 846 | | CD 12299 2320 847 4 4 CD 12299 2320 848 | | CD 12299 2320 849 14.4 14.4 CD 12299 2320 850 | | CD 12299 2320 851 9.7 9.7 CD 12299 2320 852 | | CD 12299 2320 853 4,100 4,100 CD 12299 2320 854 | | CD 12299 2320 855 .54 .54 CD 12299 2320 856 | | CD 12299 2320 857 5,320 5,320 CD 12299 2320 858 | | CD 12299 2320 859 .41 .41 CD 12299 2320 860 | | CD 12299 2320 861 1,386 1,386 CD 12299 2320 862 | | CD 12299 2320 863 .84 .84 CD 12299 2320 864 | | CD 12299 2320 865 252 252 CD 12299 2320 866 | | CD 12299 2320 867 .59 .59 CD 12299 2320 868 | | CD 12299 2320 869 | | CD 12299 2320 870 | | CD 12299 2320 871 2 2 CD 12299 2320 872 by by IN 12299 2320 873 2 2 CD 12299 2320 874 | | CD 12299 2320 875 30 30 CD 12299 2320 876 | | CD 12299 2320 877 47 47 CD 12299 2320 878 | | CD 12299 2320 879 11.3 11.3 CD 12299 2320 880 | | CD 12299 2320 881 16.2 16.2 CD 12299 2320 882 | | CD 12299 2320 883 7,630 7,630 CD 12299 2320 884 | | CD 12299 2320 885 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 886 | | CD 12299 2320 887 13,080 13,080 CD 12299 2320 888 | | CD 12299 2320 889 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 890 | | CD 12299 2320 891 1,620 1,620 CD 12299 2320 892 | | CD 12299 2320 893 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 894 | | CD 12299 2320 895 425 425 CD 12299 2320 896 | | CD 12299 2320 897 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 898 | | CD 12299 2320 899 | | CD 12299 2320 900 Western western JJ 12299 2320 901 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 2320 902 | | CD 12299 2320 903 8 8 CD 12299 2320 904 by by IN 12299 2320 905 16 16 CD 12299 2320 906 | | CD 12299 2320 907 180 180 CD 12299 2320 908 | | CD 12299 2320 909 44 44 CD 12299 2320 910 | | CD 12299 2320 911 17.7 17.7 CD 12299 2320 912 | | CD 12299 2320 913 17.8 17.8 CD 12299 2320 914 | | CD 12299 2320 915 4,398 4,398 CD 12299 2320 916 | | CD 12299 2320 917 .69 .69 CD 12299 2320 918 | | CD 12299 2320 919 6,420 6,420 CD 12299 2320 920 | | CD 12299 2320 921 .62 .62 CD 12299 2320 922 | | CD 12299 2320 923 1,737 1,737 CD 12299 2320 924 | | CD 12299 2320 925 1.04 1.04 CD 12299 2320 926 | | CD 12299 2320 927 406 406 CD 12299 2320 928 | | CD 12299 2320 929 1.06 1.06 CD 12299 2320 930 | | CD 12299 2320 931 | | CD 12299 2320 932 | | CD 12299 2320 933 2 2 CD 12299 2320 934 by by IN 12299 2320 935 2 2 CD 12299 2320 936 | | CD 12299 2320 937 28 28 CD 12299 2320 938 | | CD 12299 2320 939 311 311 CD 12299 2320 940 | | CD 12299 2320 941 17.9 17.9 CD 12299 2320 942 | | CD 12299 2320 943 19.4 19.4 CD 12299 2320 944 | | CD 12299 2320 945 6,333 6,333 CD 12299 2320 946 | | CD 12299 2320 947 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 948 | | CD 12299 2320 949 10,369 10,369 CD 12299 2320 950 | | CD 12299 2320 951 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 952 | | CD 12299 2320 953 1,666 1,666 CD 12299 2320 954 | | CD 12299 2320 955 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 956 | | CD 12299 2320 957 382 382 CD 12299 2320 958 | | CD 12299 2320 959 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 960 | | CD 12299 2320 961 | | CD 12299 2320 962 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 2320 963 | | CD 12299 2320 964 8 8 CD 12299 2320 965 by by IN 12299 2320 966 16 16 CD 12299 2320 967 | | CD 12299 2320 968 180 180 CD 12299 2320 969 | | CD 12299 2320 970 6 6 CD 12299 2320 971 | | CD 12299 2320 972 26.3 26.3 CD 12299 2320 973 | | CD 12299 2320 974 22.4 22.4 CD 12299 2320 975 | | CD 12299 2320 976 3,797 3,797 CD 12299 2320 977 | | CD 12299 2320 978 .79 .79 CD 12299 2320 979 | | NNP 12299 2320 980 4,428 4,428 CD 12299 2320 981 | | CD 12299 2320 982 .57 .57 CD 12299 2320 983 | | NNP 12299 2320 984 1,107 1,107 CD 12299 2320 985 | | CD 12299 2320 986 .96 .96 CD 12299 2320 987 | | CD 12299 2320 988 294 294 CD 12299 2320 989 | | CD 12299 2320 990 1.05 1.05 CD 12299 2320 991 | | CD 12299 2320 992 | | CD 12299 2320 993 | | CD 12299 2320 994 6 6 CD 12299 2320 995 by by IN 12299 2320 996 12 12 CD 12299 2320 997 | | CD 12299 2320 998 180 180 CD 12299 2320 999 | | CD 12299 2320 1000 6 6 CD 12299 2320 1001 | | CD 12299 2320 1002 16.1 16.1 CD 12299 2320 1003 | | CD 12299 2320 1004 17.7 17.7 CD 12299 2320 1005 | | CD 12299 2320 1006 3,175 3,175 CD 12299 2320 1007 | | CD 12299 2320 1008 .66 .66 CD 12299 2320 1009 | | CD 12299 2320 1010 3,353 3,353 CD 12299 2320 1011 | | CD 12299 2320 1012 .43 .43 CD 12299 2320 1013 | | NNP 12299 2320 1014 728 728 CD 12299 2320 1015 | | CD 12299 2320 1016 .64 .64 CD 12299 2320 1017 | | CD 12299 2320 1018 167 167 CD 12299 2320 1019 | | CD 12299 2320 1020 .60 .60 CD 12299 2320 1021 | | CD 12299 2320 1022 | | CD 12299 2320 1023 | | CD 12299 2320 1024 7 7 CD 12299 2320 1025 by by IN 12299 2320 1026 9 9 CD 12299 2320 1027 | | CD 12299 2320 1028 180 180 CD 12299 2320 1029 | | CD 12299 2320 1030 6 6 CD 12299 2320 1031 | | CD 12299 2320 1032 15.9 15.9 CD 12299 2320 1033 | | CD 12299 2320 1034 15.2 15.2 CD 12299 2320 1035 | | CD 12299 2320 1036 3,280 3,280 CD 12299 2320 1037 | | CD 12299 2320 1038 .69 .69 CD 12299 2320 1039 | | CD 12299 2320 1040 4,002 4,002 CD 12299 2320 1041 | | CD 12299 2320 1042 .51 .51 CD 12299 2320 1043 | | CD 12299 2320 1044 1,104 1,104 CD 12299 2320 1045 | | CD 12299 2320 1046 .96 .96 CD 12299 2320 1047 | | CD 12299 2320 1048 147 147 CD 12299 2320 1049 | | CD 12299 2320 1050 .53 .53 CD 12299 2320 1051 | | CD 12299 2320 1052 | | CD 12299 2320 1053 | | CD 12299 2320 1054 3 3 CD 12299 2320 1055 by by IN 12299 2320 1056 14 14 CD 12299 2320 1057 | | CD 12299 2320 1058 180 180 CD 12299 2320 1059 | | CD 12299 2320 1060 6 6 CD 12299 2320 1061 | | CD 12299 2320 1062 13.1 13.1 CD 12299 2320 1063 | | CD 12299 2320 1064 24.4 24.4 CD 12299 2320 1065 | | CD 12299 2320 1066 | | CD 12299 2320 1067 | | CD 12299 2320 1068 5,033 5,033 CD 12299 2320 1069 | | CD 12299 2320 1070 .64 .64 CD 12299 2320 1071 | | CD 12299 2320 1072 | | CD 12299 2320 1073 | | CD 12299 2320 1074 291 291 CD 12299 2320 1075 | | CD 12299 2320 1076 1.04 1.04 CD 12299 2320 1077 | | CD 12299 2320 1078 | | CD 12299 2320 1079 | | CD 12299 2320 1080 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1081 by by IN 12299 2320 1082 12 12 CD 12299 2320 1083 | | CD 12299 2320 1084 180 180 CD 12299 2320 1085 | | CD 12299 2320 1086 5 5 CD 12299 2320 1087 | | CD 12299 2320 1088 13.8 13.8 CD 12299 2320 1089 | | CD 12299 2320 1090 14.4 14.4 CD 12299 2320 1091 | | CD 12299 2320 1092 3,928 3,928 CD 12299 2320 1093 | | CD 12299 2320 1094 .82 .82 CD 12299 2320 1095 | | CD 12299 2320 1096 5,336 5,336 CD 12299 2320 1097 | | CD 12299 2320 1098 .68 .68 CD 12299 2320 1099 | | CD 12299 2320 1100 1,249 1,249 CD 12299 2320 1101 | | CD 12299 2320 1102 1.09 1.09 CD 12299 2320 1103 | | CD 12299 2320 1104 260 260 CD 12299 2320 1105 | | CD 12299 2320 1106 .93 .93 CD 12299 2320 1107 | | CD 12299 2320 1108 | | CD 12299 2320 1109 | | CD 12299 2320 1110 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1111 by by IN 12299 2320 1112 10 10 CD 12299 2320 1113 | | CD 12299 2320 1114 180 180 CD 12299 2320 1115 | | CD 12299 2320 1116 5 5 CD 12299 2320 1117 | | CD 12299 2320 1118 13.8 13.8 CD 12299 2320 1119 | | CD 12299 2320 1120 24.8 24.8 CD 12299 2320 1121 | | CD 12299 2320 1122 3,757 3,757 CD 12299 2320 1123 | | CD 12299 2320 1124 .79 .79 CD 12299 2320 1125 | | CD 12299 2320 1126 4,606 4,606 CD 12299 2320 1127 | | CD 12299 2320 1128 .59 .59 CD 12299 2320 1129 | | CD 12299 2320 1130 1,198 1,198 CD 12299 2320 1131 | | CD 12299 2320 1132 1.05 1.05 CD 12299 2320 1133 | | CD 12299 2320 1134 186 186 CD 12299 2320 1135 | | CD 12299 2320 1136 .67 .67 CD 12299 2320 1137 | | CD 12299 2320 1138 | | CD 12299 2320 1139 | | CD 12299 2320 1140 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1141 by by IN 12299 2320 1142 8 8 CD 12299 2320 1143 | | CD 12299 2320 1144 180 180 CD 12299 2320 1145 | | CD 12299 2320 1146 6 6 CD 12299 2320 1147 | | CD 12299 2320 1148 13.7 13.7 CD 12299 2320 1149 | | CD 12299 2320 1150 20.7 20.7 CD 12299 2320 1151 | | CD 12299 2320 1152 4,314 4,314 CD 12299 2320 1153 | | CD 12299 2320 1154 .90 .90 CD 12299 2320 1155 | | CD 12299 2320 1156 5,050 5,050 CD 12299 2320 1157 | | CD 12299 2320 1158 .65 .65 CD 12299 2320 1159 | | CD 12299 2320 1160 1,313 1,313 CD 12299 2320 1161 | | CD 12299 2320 1162 1.15 1.15 CD 12299 2320 1163 | | CD 12299 2320 1164 166 166 CD 12299 2320 1165 | | CD 12299 2320 1166 .60 .60 CD 12299 2320 1167 | | CD 12299 2320 1168 | | CD 12299 2320 1169 | | CD 12299 2320 1170 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1171 by by IN 12299 2320 1172 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1173 | | CD 12299 2320 1174 28 28 CD 12299 2320 1175 | | CD 12299 2320 1176 122 122 CD 12299 2320 1177 | | CD 12299 2320 1178 15.2 15.2 CD 12299 2320 1179 | | CD 12299 2320 1180 18.8 18.8 CD 12299 2320 1181 | | CD 12299 2320 1182 4,777 4,777 CD 12299 2320 1183 | | CD 12299 2320 1184 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1185 | | CD 12299 2320 1186 7,798 7,798 CD 12299 2320 1187 | | CD 12299 2320 1188 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1189 | | CD 12299 2320 1190 1,146 1,146 CD 12299 2320 1191 | | CD 12299 2320 1192 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1193 | | CD 12299 2320 1194 279 279 CD 12299 2320 1195 | | CD 12299 2320 1196 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1197 | | CD 12299 2320 1198 | | NNP 12299 2320 1199 Norway Norway NNP 12299 2320 1200 pine pine NN 12299 2320 1201 | | NNP 12299 2320 1202 6 6 CD 12299 2320 1203 by by IN 12299 2320 1204 12 12 CD 12299 2320 1205 | | CD 12299 2320 1206 162 162 CD 12299 2320 1207 | | CD 12299 2320 1208 5 5 CD 12299 2320 1209 | | CD 12299 2320 1210 16.7 16.7 CD 12299 2320 1211 | | CD 12299 2320 1212 8.1 8.1 CD 12299 2320 1213 | | CD 12299 2320 1214 2,968 2,968 CD 12299 2320 1215 | | CD 12299 2320 1216 .56 .56 CD 12299 2320 1217 | | CD 12299 2320 1218 5,204 5,204 CD 12299 2320 1219 | | CD 12299 2320 1220 .61 .61 CD 12299 2320 1221 | | CD 12299 2320 1222 1,123 1,123 CD 12299 2320 1223 | | CD 12299 2320 1224 .97 .97 CD 12299 2320 1225 | | NNP 12299 2320 1226 286 286 CD 12299 2320 1227 | | CD 12299 2320 1228 1.02 1.02 CD 12299 2320 1229 | | CD 12299 2320 1230 | | CD 12299 2320 1231 | | CD 12299 2320 1232 4 4 CD 12299 2320 1233 by by IN 12299 2320 1234 10 10 CD 12299 2320 1235 | | CD 12299 2320 1236 162 162 CD 12299 2320 1237 | | CD 12299 2320 1238 5 5 CD 12299 2320 1239 | | CD 12299 2320 1240 13.7 13.7 CD 12299 2320 1241 | | CD 12299 2320 1242 12.0 12.0 CD 12299 2320 1243 | | CD 12299 2320 1244 5,170 5,170 CD 12299 2320 1245 | | CD 12299 2320 1246 .98 .98 CD 12299 2320 1247 | | CD 12299 2320 1248 6,904 6,904 CD 12299 2320 1249 | | CD 12299 2320 1250 .82 .82 CD 12299 2320 1251 | | CD 12299 2320 1252 1,712 1,712 CD 12299 2320 1253 | | CD 12299 2320 1254 1.48 1.48 CD 12299 2320 1255 | | CD 12299 2320 1256 317 317 CD 12299 2320 1257 | | CD 12299 2320 1258 1.13 1.13 CD 12299 2320 1259 | | CD 12299 2320 1260 | | CD 12299 2320 1261 | | CD 12299 2320 1262 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1263 by by IN 12299 2320 1264 2 2 CD 12299 2320 1265 | | CD 12299 2320 1266 30 30 CD 12299 2320 1267 | | CD 12299 2320 1268 60 60 CD 12299 2320 1269 | | CD 12299 2320 1270 14.9 14.9 CD 12299 2320 1271 | | CD 12299 2320 1272 11.2 11.2 CD 12299 2320 1273 | | CD 12299 2320 1274 5,280 5,280 CD 12299 2320 1275 | | CD 12299 2320 1276 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1277 | | CD 12299 2320 1278 8,470 8,470 CD 12299 2320 1279 | | CD 12299 2320 1280 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1281 | | CD 12299 2320 1282 1,158 1,158 CD 12299 2320 1283 | | CD 12299 2320 1284 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1285 | | CD 12299 2320 1286 281 281 CD 12299 2320 1287 | | CD 12299 2320 1288 1.00 1.00 CD 12299 2320 1289 | | CD 12299 2320 1290 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2320 1291 | | NNP 12299 2320 1292 _ _ NNP 12299 2320 1293 Note.--Following Note.--Following NNP 12299 2320 1294 is be VBZ 12299 2320 1295 an an DT 12299 2320 1296 explanation explanation NN 12299 2320 1297 of of IN 12299 2320 1298 the the DT 12299 2320 1299 abbreviations abbreviation NNS 12299 2320 1300 used use VBN 12299 2320 1301 in in IN 12299 2320 1302 the the DT 12299 2320 1303 foregoing foregoing NN 12299 2320 1304 tables table NNS 12299 2320 1305 : : : 12299 2320 1306 _ _ NNP 12299 2320 1307 | | NNP 12299 2320 1308 | | NNP 12299 2320 1309 F.S. F.S. NNP 12299 2321 1 at at IN 12299 2321 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2321 3 = = SYM 12299 2321 4 Fiber Fiber NNP 12299 2321 5 stress stress NN 12299 2321 6 at at IN 12299 2321 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2321 8 limit limit NN 12299 2321 9 . . . 12299 2322 1 | | NNP 12299 2322 2 | | NNP 12299 2322 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2322 4 of of IN 12299 2322 5 E. E. NNP 12299 2322 6 = = SYM 12299 2322 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2322 8 of of IN 12299 2322 9 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2322 10 . . . 12299 2323 1 | | NNP 12299 2323 2 | | NNP 12299 2323 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2323 4 of of IN 12299 2323 5 R. R. NNP 12299 2323 6 = = SYM 12299 2323 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2323 8 of of IN 12299 2323 9 rupture rupture NN 12299 2323 10 . . . 12299 2324 1 | | NNP 12299 2324 2 | | NNS 12299 2324 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2324 4 . . . 12299 2325 1 str str NNP 12299 2325 2 . . . 12299 2326 1 at at IN 12299 2326 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2326 3 = = SYM 12299 2326 4 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 2326 5 strength strength NN 12299 2326 6 at at IN 12299 2326 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2326 8 limit limit NN 12299 2326 9 . . . 12299 2327 1 | | NNP 12299 2327 2 | | NNS 12299 2327 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2327 4 . . . 12299 2328 1 str str NNP 12299 2328 2 . . . 12299 2329 1 at at IN 12299 2329 2 max max NNP 12299 2329 3 . . . 12299 2330 1 ld ld UH 12299 2330 2 . . . 12299 2331 1 = = NFP 12299 2331 2 Crushing crush VBG 12299 2331 3 strength strength NN 12299 2331 4 at at IN 12299 2331 5 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2331 6 load load NN 12299 2331 7 . . . 12299 2332 1 | | NNP 12299 2332 2 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2332 3 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NN 12299 2332 4 | | NN 12299 2332 5 TABLE table NN 12299 2332 6 XXI xxi NN 12299 2332 7 TABLE TABLE NNS 12299 2332 8 XXI xxi NN 12299 2332 9 | | NNP 12299 2332 10 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2332 11 | | NNS 12299 2332 12 COMPRESSION compression NN 12299 2332 13 AND and CC 12299 2332 14 SHEAR SHEAR NNP 12299 2332 15 TESTS test NNS 12299 2332 16 ON on IN 12299 2332 17 AIR AIR NNP 12299 2332 18 - - HYPH 12299 2332 19 SEASONED SEASONED NNP 12299 2332 20 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNP 12299 2332 21 | | NNP 12299 2332 22 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2332 23 | | NNP 12299 2332 24 | | NNP 12299 2332 25 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2332 26 | | NNP 12299 2332 27 Compression Compression NNP 12299 2332 28 | | NNP 12299 2332 29 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2332 30 | | NNP 12299 2332 31 | | NNP 12299 2332 32 | | CD 12299 2332 33 parallel parallel NN 12299 2332 34 to to IN 12299 2332 35 grain grain NN 12299 2332 36 | | VBN 12299 2332 37 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 12299 2332 38 to to IN 12299 2332 39 grain grain NN 12299 2332 40 | | NNP 12299 2332 41 | | NNP 12299 2332 42 | | NNP 12299 2332 43 |------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------| |------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------| NNP 12299 2332 44 | | NNP 12299 2332 45 | | NNP 12299 2332 46 | | CD 12299 2332 47 | | CD 12299 2332 48 | | NNS 12299 2332 49 Cr cr NN 12299 2332 50 . . . 12299 2333 1 | | NNP 12299 2333 2 | | NNS 12299 2333 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2333 4 . . . 12299 2334 1 | | NNP 12299 2334 2 | | CD 12299 2334 3 | | CD 12299 2334 4 | | CD 12299 2334 5 | | NNS 12299 2334 6 Cr cr NN 12299 2334 7 . . . 12299 2335 1 | | NNP 12299 2335 2 | | CD 12299 2335 3 | | CD 12299 2335 4 | | CD 12299 2335 5 | | NNP 12299 2335 6 Species Species NNPS 12299 2335 7 | | NNP 12299 2335 8 | | NNP 12299 2335 9 | | CD 12299 2335 10 Per per IN 12299 2335 11 | | CD 12299 2335 12 str str NN 12299 2335 13 . . . 12299 2336 1 | | NNP 12299 2336 2 M. M. NNP 12299 2336 3 of of IN 12299 2336 4 | | NNP 12299 2336 5 str str NNP 12299 2336 6 . . . 12299 2337 1 | | NNP 12299 2337 2 | | CD 12299 2337 3 | | CD 12299 2337 4 | | CD 12299 2337 5 Per per IN 12299 2337 6 | | CD 12299 2337 7 str str NN 12299 2337 8 . . . 12299 2338 1 | | CD 12299 2338 2 | | NNS 12299 2338 3 Per per IN 12299 2338 4 | | NNP 12299 2338 5 | | NNP 12299 2338 6 | | NNP 12299 2338 7 | | NNP 12299 2338 8 Size Size NNP 12299 2338 9 of of IN 12299 2338 10 | | NNP 12299 2338 11 No no NN 12299 2338 12 . . . 12299 2339 1 | | JJ 12299 2339 2 cent cent NN 12299 2339 3 | | CD 12299 2339 4 at at IN 12299 2339 5 | | NNP 12299 2339 6 E. E. NNP 12299 2339 7 | | NNP 12299 2339 8 at at IN 12299 2339 9 max max NNP 12299 2339 10 . . . 12299 2340 1 | | NNP 12299 2340 2 Stress Stress NNP 12299 2340 3 | | NNPS 12299 2340 4 | | NNS 12299 2340 5 No no NN 12299 2340 6 . . . 12299 2341 1 | | JJ 12299 2341 2 cent cent NNP 12299 2341 3 | | NNP 12299 2341 4 at at IN 12299 2341 5 max max NNP 12299 2341 6 . . . 12299 2342 1 | | NNS 12299 2342 2 No no NN 12299 2342 3 . . . 12299 2343 1 | | JJ 12299 2343 2 cent cent NN 12299 2343 3 | | NNP 12299 2343 4 Shear Shear NNP 12299 2343 5 | | NNP 12299 2343 6 | | CD 12299 2343 7 | | NNP 12299 2343 8 specimen speciman NNS 12299 2343 9 | | NNP 12299 2343 10 of of IN 12299 2343 11 | | NNP 12299 2343 12 of of IN 12299 2343 13 | | NNP 12299 2343 14 E. E. NNP 12299 2343 15 L. L. NNP 12299 2343 16 | | NNP 12299 2343 17 per per IN 12299 2343 18 | | NNP 12299 2343 19 ld ld NNP 12299 2343 20 . . NNP 12299 2343 21 , , , 12299 2343 22 . . . 12299 2344 1 | | NNP 12299 2344 2 area area NN 12299 2344 3 | | NNP 12299 2344 4 Height Height NNP 12299 2344 5 | | NNP 12299 2344 6 of of IN 12299 2344 7 | | NNP 12299 2344 8 of of IN 12299 2344 9 | | NNP 12299 2344 10 ld ld NNP 12299 2344 11 . . NNP 12299 2344 12 , , , 12299 2344 13 | | NNP 12299 2344 14 of of IN 12299 2344 15 | | NNP 12299 2344 16 of of IN 12299 2344 17 | | CD 12299 2344 18 strength strength NN 12299 2344 19 | | NNP 12299 2344 20 | | CD 12299 2344 21 | | CD 12299 2344 22 | | NNP 12299 2344 23 tests test NNS 12299 2344 24 | | CD 12299 2344 25 mois- mois- PRP$ 12299 2344 26 | | HYPH 12299 2344 27 per per IN 12299 2344 28 | | NNP 12299 2344 29 square square JJ 12299 2344 30 | | HYPH 12299 2344 31 per per IN 12299 2344 32 | | NNP 12299 2344 33 | | CD 12299 2344 34 | | NNP 12299 2344 35 tests test NNS 12299 2344 36 | | CD 12299 2344 37 mois- mois- PRP$ 12299 2344 38 | | HYPH 12299 2344 39 per per IN 12299 2344 40 | | NNP 12299 2344 41 tests test NNS 12299 2344 42 | | CD 12299 2344 43 mois- mois- PRP$ 12299 2344 44 | | CD 12299 2344 45 | | NNP 12299 2344 46 | | CD 12299 2344 47 | | CD 12299 2344 48 | | CD 12299 2344 49 | | CD 12299 2344 50 ture ture NN 12299 2344 51 | | CD 12299 2344 52 square square JJ 12299 2344 53 | | CD 12299 2344 54 inch inch NN 12299 2344 55 | | HYPH 12299 2344 56 square square JJ 12299 2344 57 | | CD 12299 2344 58 | | CD 12299 2344 59 | | CD 12299 2344 60 | | CD 12299 2344 61 ture ture NN 12299 2344 62 | | CD 12299 2344 63 square square JJ 12299 2344 64 | | CD 12299 2344 65 | | CD 12299 2344 66 ture ture NN 12299 2344 67 | | CD 12299 2344 68 | | CD 12299 2344 69 | | CD 12299 2344 70 | | CD 12299 2344 71 | | CD 12299 2344 72 | | CD 12299 2344 73 | | CD 12299 2344 74 inch inch NN 12299 2344 75 | | CD 12299 2344 76 | | CD 12299 2344 77 inch inch NN 12299 2344 78 | | NNP 12299 2344 79 | | CD 12299 2344 80 | | CD 12299 2344 81 | | CD 12299 2344 82 | | CD 12299 2344 83 inch inch NN 12299 2344 84 | | NNP 12299 2344 85 | | CD 12299 2344 86 | | CD 12299 2344 87 | | NNP 12299 2344 88 |-----------------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------+ |-----------------+----------+-------+-------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+-------+ NNP 12299 2344 89 ------+---------+-------+-------+----------| ------+---------+-------+-------+----------| NN 12299 2344 90 | | NNP 12299 2344 91 | | NNP 12299 2344 92 | | CD 12299 2344 93 | | CD 12299 2344 94 | | CD 12299 2344 95 | | CD 12299 2344 96 1,000 1,000 CD 12299 2344 97 | | CD 12299 2344 98 | | CD 12299 2344 99 | | CD 12299 2344 100 | | CD 12299 2344 101 | | CD 12299 2344 102 | | CD 12299 2344 103 | | CD 12299 2344 104 | | CD 12299 2344 105 | | CD 12299 2344 106 | | CD 12299 2344 107 | | CD 12299 2344 108 | | NNP 12299 2344 109 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2344 110 | | NNP 12299 2344 111 | | NNP 12299 2344 112 | | NNP 12299 2344 113 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2344 114 . . . 12299 2345 1 | | NNS 12299 2345 2 lbs lbs NN 12299 2345 3 . . . 12299 2346 1 | | NNP 12299 2346 2 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2346 3 . . . 12299 2347 1 | | NNP 12299 2347 2 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2347 3 | | NNP 12299 2347 4 Inches Inches NNP 12299 2347 5 | | NNP 12299 2347 6 | | NNP 12299 2347 7 | | NNP 12299 2347 8 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2347 9 . . . 12299 2348 1 | | NNP 12299 2348 2 | | NNP 12299 2348 3 | | NNP 12299 2348 4 Lbs Lbs NNP 12299 2348 5 . . . 12299 2349 1 | | NNP 12299 2349 2 | | CD 12299 2349 3 | | CD 12299 2349 4 | | CD 12299 2349 5 | | CD 12299 2349 6 | | CD 12299 2349 7 | | CD 12299 2349 8 | | CD 12299 2349 9 | | CD 12299 2349 10 | | CD 12299 2349 11 | | CD 12299 2349 12 | | CD 12299 2349 13 | | CD 12299 2349 14 | | CD 12299 2349 15 | | CD 12299 2349 16 | | CD 12299 2349 17 | | CD 12299 2349 18 | | NNP 12299 2349 19 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 2349 20 pine pine NN 12299 2349 21 | | CD 12299 2349 22 4 4 CD 12299 2349 23 by by IN 12299 2349 24 5 5 CD 12299 2349 25 | | CD 12299 2349 26 46 46 CD 12299 2349 27 | | CD 12299 2349 28 26.3 26.3 CD 12299 2349 29 | | CD 12299 2349 30 3,480 3,480 CD 12299 2349 31 | | CD 12299 2349 32 | | CD 12299 2349 33 4,800 4,800 CD 12299 2349 34 | | CD 12299 2349 35 4 4 CD 12299 2349 36 by by IN 12299 2349 37 5 5 CD 12299 2349 38 | | CD 12299 2349 39 4 4 CD 12299 2349 40 | | CD 12299 2349 41 22 22 CD 12299 2349 42 | | CD 12299 2349 43 25.1 25.1 CD 12299 2349 44 | | CD 12299 2349 45 572 572 CD 12299 2349 46 | | CD 12299 2349 47 52 52 CD 12299 2349 48 | | CD 12299 2349 49 20.2 20.2 CD 12299 2349 50 | | CD 12299 2349 51 984 984 CD 12299 2349 52 | | CD 12299 2349 53 | | NNP 12299 2349 54 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2349 55 fir fir NN 12299 2349 56 | | NNP 12299 2349 57 6 6 CD 12299 2349 58 by by IN 12299 2349 59 6 6 CD 12299 2349 60 | | CD 12299 2349 61 259 259 CD 12299 2349 62 | | CD 12299 2349 63 20.3 20.3 CD 12299 2349 64 | | CD 12299 2349 65 3,271 3,271 CD 12299 2349 66 | | CD 12299 2349 67 1,038 1,038 CD 12299 2349 68 | | CD 12299 2349 69 4,258 4,258 CD 12299 2349 70 | | CD 12299 2349 71 4 4 CD 12299 2349 72 by by IN 12299 2349 73 8 8 CD 12299 2349 74 | | CD 12299 2349 75 16 16 CD 12299 2349 76 | | CD 12299 2349 77 44 44 CD 12299 2349 78 | | CD 12299 2349 79 20.8 20.8 CD 12299 2349 80 | | CD 12299 2349 81 732 732 CD 12299 2349 82 | | CD 12299 2349 83 465 465 CD 12299 2349 84 | | CD 12299 2349 85 22.1 22.1 CD 12299 2349 86 | | CD 12299 2349 87 822 822 CD 12299 2349 88 | | CD 12299 2349 89 | | CD 12299 2349 90 | | CD 12299 2349 91 2 2 CD 12299 2349 92 by by IN 12299 2349 93 2 2 CD 12299 2349 94 | | CD 12299 2349 95 247 247 CD 12299 2349 96 | | CD 12299 2349 97 18.7 18.7 CD 12299 2349 98 | | CD 12299 2349 99 3,842 3,842 CD 12299 2349 100 | | CD 12299 2349 101 1,084 1,084 CD 12299 2349 102 | | CD 12299 2349 103 5,002 5,002 CD 12299 2349 104 | | CD 12299 2349 105 4 4 CD 12299 2349 106 by by IN 12299 2349 107 8 8 CD 12299 2349 108 | | CD 12299 2349 109 10 10 CD 12299 2349 110 | | CD 12299 2349 111 32 32 CD 12299 2349 112 | | CD 12299 2349 113 18.1 18.1 CD 12299 2349 114 | | CD 12299 2349 115 584 584 CD 12299 2349 116 | | CD 12299 2349 117 | | CD 12299 2349 118 | | CD 12299 2349 119 | | CD 12299 2349 120 | | CD 12299 2349 121 | | CD 12299 2349 122 | | CD 12299 2349 123 | | CD 12299 2349 124 | | CD 12299 2349 125 | | CD 12299 2349 126 | | CD 12299 2349 127 | | CD 12299 2349 128 4 4 CD 12299 2349 129 by by IN 12299 2349 130 4 4 CD 12299 2349 131 | | CD 12299 2349 132 8 8 CD 12299 2349 133 | | CD 12299 2349 134 51 51 CD 12299 2349 135 | | CD 12299 2349 136 20.2 20.2 CD 12299 2349 137 | | CD 12299 2349 138 638 638 CD 12299 2349 139 | | CD 12299 2349 140 | | CD 12299 2349 141 | | CD 12299 2349 142 | | CD 12299 2349 143 | | CD 12299 2349 144 | | CD 12299 2349 145 | | CD 12299 2349 146 | | CD 12299 2349 147 | | CD 12299 2349 148 | | CD 12299 2349 149 | | CD 12299 2349 150 | | CD 12299 2349 151 4 4 CD 12299 2349 152 by by IN 12299 2349 153 4 4 CD 12299 2349 154 | | CD 12299 2349 155 6 6 CD 12299 2349 156 | | CD 12299 2349 157 49 49 CD 12299 2349 158 | | CD 12299 2349 159 24.0 24.0 CD 12299 2349 160 | | CD 12299 2349 161 613 613 CD 12299 2349 162 | | CD 12299 2349 163 | | CD 12299 2349 164 | | CD 12299 2349 165 | | CD 12299 2349 166 | | CD 12299 2349 167 | | CD 12299 2349 168 | | CD 12299 2349 169 | | CD 12299 2349 170 | | CD 12299 2349 171 | | CD 12299 2349 172 | | CD 12299 2349 173 | | CD 12299 2349 174 4 4 CD 12299 2349 175 by by IN 12299 2349 176 4 4 CD 12299 2349 177 | | CD 12299 2349 178 4 4 CD 12299 2349 179 | | CD 12299 2349 180 29 29 CD 12299 2349 181 | | CD 12299 2349 182 24.8 24.8 CD 12299 2349 183 | | CD 12299 2349 184 603 603 CD 12299 2349 185 | | CD 12299 2349 186 | | CD 12299 2349 187 | | CD 12299 2349 188 | | CD 12299 2349 189 | | NNP 12299 2349 190 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 2349 191 pine pine NN 12299 2349 192 | | NNP 12299 2349 193 6 6 CD 12299 2349 194 by by IN 12299 2349 195 6 6 CD 12299 2349 196 | | CD 12299 2349 197 29 29 CD 12299 2349 198 | | CD 12299 2349 199 15.7 15.7 CD 12299 2349 200 | | CD 12299 2349 201 4,070 4,070 CD 12299 2349 202 | | CD 12299 2349 203 1,951 1,951 CD 12299 2349 204 | | CD 12299 2349 205 6,030 6,030 CD 12299 2349 206 | | CD 12299 2349 207 8 8 CD 12299 2349 208 by by IN 12299 2349 209 5 5 CD 12299 2349 210 | | CD 12299 2349 211 16 16 CD 12299 2349 212 | | CD 12299 2349 213 4 4 CD 12299 2349 214 | | CD 12299 2349 215 17.8 17.8 CD 12299 2349 216 | | CD 12299 2349 217 725 725 CD 12299 2349 218 | | CD 12299 2349 219 85 85 CD 12299 2349 220 | | CD 12299 2349 221 | | CD 12299 2349 222 1,135 1,135 CD 12299 2349 223 | | CD 12299 2349 224 | | CD 12299 2349 225 | | CD 12299 2349 226 2 2 CD 12299 2349 227 by by IN 12299 2349 228 2 2 CD 12299 2349 229 | | CD 12299 2349 230 57 57 CD 12299 2349 231 | | CD 12299 2349 232 14.2 14.2 CD 12299 2349 233 | | CD 12299 2349 234 | | CD 12299 2349 235 | | CD 12299 2349 236 6,380 6,380 CD 12299 2349 237 | | CD 12299 2349 238 8 8 CD 12299 2349 239 by by IN 12299 2349 240 5 5 CD 12299 2349 241 | | CD 12299 2349 242 14 14 CD 12299 2349 243 | | CD 12299 2349 244 3 3 CD 12299 2349 245 | | CD 12299 2349 246 16.3 16.3 CD 12299 2349 247 | | CD 12299 2349 248 757 757 CD 12299 2349 249 | | CD 12299 2349 250 | | CD 12299 2349 251 | | CD 12299 2349 252 | | CD 12299 2349 253 | | CD 12299 2349 254 | | CD 12299 2349 255 | | CD 12299 2349 256 | | CD 12299 2349 257 | | CD 12299 2349 258 | | CD 12299 2349 259 | | CD 12299 2349 260 | | CD 12299 2349 261 8 8 CD 12299 2349 262 by by IN 12299 2349 263 5 5 CD 12299 2349 264 | | CD 12299 2349 265 12 12 CD 12299 2349 266 | | CD 12299 2349 267 5 5 CD 12299 2349 268 | | CD 12299 2349 269 15.1 15.1 CD 12299 2349 270 | | CD 12299 2349 271 730 730 CD 12299 2349 272 | | CD 12299 2349 273 | | CD 12299 2349 274 | | CD 12299 2349 275 | | CD 12299 2349 276 | | CD 12299 2349 277 | | CD 12299 2349 278 | | CD 12299 2349 279 | | CD 12299 2349 280 | | CD 12299 2349 281 | | CD 12299 2349 282 | | CD 12299 2349 283 | | CD 12299 2349 284 5 5 CD 12299 2349 285 by by IN 12299 2349 286 5 5 CD 12299 2349 287 | | CD 12299 2349 288 8 8 CD 12299 2349 289 | | CD 12299 2349 290 6 6 CD 12299 2349 291 | | CD 12299 2349 292 13.0 13.0 CD 12299 2349 293 | | CD 12299 2349 294 918 918 CD 12299 2349 295 | | CD 12299 2349 296 | | NNP 12299 2349 297 | | CD 12299 2349 298 | | CD 12299 2349 299 | | CD 12299 2349 300 | | CD 12299 2349 301 | | CD 12299 2349 302 | | CD 12299 2349 303 | | CD 12299 2349 304 | | CD 12299 2349 305 | | CD 12299 2349 306 | | CD 12299 2349 307 2 2 CD 12299 2349 308 by by IN 12299 2349 309 2 2 CD 12299 2349 310 | | CD 12299 2349 311 2 2 CD 12299 2349 312 | | CD 12299 2349 313 57 57 CD 12299 2349 314 | | CD 12299 2349 315 13.9 13.9 CD 12299 2349 316 | | CD 12299 2349 317 926 926 CD 12299 2349 318 | | CD 12299 2349 319 | | CD 12299 2349 320 | | CD 12299 2349 321 | | CD 12299 2349 322 | | JJ 12299 2349 323 Western western JJ 12299 2349 324 larch larch NN 12299 2349 325 | | CD 12299 2349 326 6 6 CD 12299 2349 327 by by IN 12299 2349 328 6 6 CD 12299 2349 329 | | CD 12299 2349 330 112 112 CD 12299 2349 331 | | CD 12299 2349 332 16.0 16.0 CD 12299 2349 333 | | CD 12299 2349 334 | | CD 12299 2349 335 | | CD 12299 2349 336 5,445 5,445 CD 12299 2349 337 | | CD 12299 2349 338 8 8 CD 12299 2349 339 by by IN 12299 2349 340 6 6 CD 12299 2349 341 | | CD 12299 2349 342 16 16 CD 12299 2349 343 | | CD 12299 2349 344 17 17 CD 12299 2349 345 | | CD 12299 2349 346 18.8 18.8 CD 12299 2349 347 | | CD 12299 2349 348 491 491 CD 12299 2349 349 | | CD 12299 2349 350 193 193 CD 12299 2349 351 | | CD 12299 2349 352 15.0 15.0 CD 12299 2349 353 | | CD 12299 2349 354 905 905 CD 12299 2349 355 | | CD 12299 2349 356 | | CD 12299 2349 357 | | CD 12299 2349 358 4 4 CD 12299 2349 359 by by IN 12299 2349 360 4 4 CD 12299 2349 361 | | CD 12299 2349 362 81 81 CD 12299 2349 363 | | CD 12299 2349 364 14.7 14.7 CD 12299 2349 365 | | CD 12299 2349 366 | | CD 12299 2349 367 | | CD 12299 2349 368 6,161 6,161 CD 12299 2349 369 | | CD 12299 2349 370 8 8 CD 12299 2349 371 by by IN 12299 2349 372 6 6 CD 12299 2349 373 | | CD 12299 2349 374 12 12 CD 12299 2349 375 | | CD 12299 2349 376 18 18 CD 12299 2349 377 | | CD 12299 2349 378 17.6 17.6 CD 12299 2349 379 | | CD 12299 2349 380 526 526 CD 12299 2349 381 | | CD 12299 2349 382 | | CD 12299 2349 383 | | CD 12299 2349 384 | | CD 12299 2349 385 | | CD 12299 2349 386 | | CD 12299 2349 387 2 2 CD 12299 2349 388 by by IN 12299 2349 389 2 2 CD 12299 2349 390 | | CD 12299 2349 391 270 270 CD 12299 2349 392 | | CD 12299 2349 393 14.8 14.8 CD 12299 2349 394 | | CD 12299 2349 395 | | CD 12299 2349 396 | | CD 12299 2349 397 5,934 5,934 CD 12299 2349 398 | | CD 12299 2349 399 5 5 CD 12299 2349 400 by by IN 12299 2349 401 4 4 CD 12299 2349 402 | | CD 12299 2349 403 8 8 CD 12299 2349 404 | | CD 12299 2349 405 22 22 CD 12299 2349 406 | | CD 12299 2349 407 13.3 13.3 CD 12299 2349 408 | | CD 12299 2349 409 735 735 CD 12299 2349 410 | | CD 12299 2349 411 | | CD 12299 2349 412 | | CD 12299 2349 413 | | CD 12299 2349 414 | | NNP 12299 2349 415 Loblolly loblolly RB 12299 2349 416 pine pine VB 12299 2349 417 | | NNP 12299 2349 418 6 6 CD 12299 2349 419 by by IN 12299 2349 420 6 6 CD 12299 2349 421 | | CD 12299 2349 422 23 23 CD 12299 2349 423 | | CD 12299 2349 424 | | CD 12299 2349 425 3,357 3,357 CD 12299 2349 426 | | CD 12299 2349 427 1,693 1,693 CD 12299 2349 428 | | CD 12299 2349 429 5,005 5,005 CD 12299 2349 430 | | CD 12299 2349 431 8 8 CD 12299 2349 432 by by IN 12299 2349 433 5 5 CD 12299 2349 434 | | CD 12299 2349 435 16 16 CD 12299 2349 436 | | CD 12299 2349 437 12 12 CD 12299 2349 438 | | CD 12299 2349 439 19.8 19.8 CD 12299 2349 440 | | CD 12299 2349 441 602 602 CD 12299 2349 442 | | CD 12299 2349 443 156 156 CD 12299 2349 444 | | CD 12299 2349 445 11.3 11.3 CD 12299 2349 446 | | CD 12299 2349 447 1,115 1,115 CD 12299 2349 448 | | CD 12299 2349 449 | | CD 12299 2349 450 | | CD 12299 2349 451 5 5 CD 12299 2349 452 by by IN 12299 2349 453 5 5 CD 12299 2349 454 | | CD 12299 2349 455 10 10 CD 12299 2349 456 | | CD 12299 2349 457 22.4 22.4 CD 12299 2349 458 | | CD 12299 2349 459 2,217 2,217 CD 12299 2349 460 | | CD 12299 2349 461 545 545 CD 12299 2349 462 | | CD 12299 2349 463 2,950 2,950 CD 12299 2349 464 | | CD 12299 2349 465 8 8 CD 12299 2349 466 by by IN 12299 2349 467 5 5 CD 12299 2349 468 | | CD 12299 2349 469 8 8 CD 12299 2349 470 | | CD 12299 2349 471 7 7 CD 12299 2349 472 | | CD 12299 2349 473 22.9 22.9 CD 12299 2349 474 | | CD 12299 2349 475 679 679 CD 12299 2349 476 | | CD 12299 2349 477 | | CD 12299 2349 478 | | CD 12299 2349 479 | | CD 12299 2349 480 | | CD 12299 2349 481 | | CD 12299 2349 482 4 4 CD 12299 2349 483 by by IN 12299 2349 484 8 8 CD 12299 2349 485 | | CD 12299 2349 486 8 8 CD 12299 2349 487 | | CD 12299 2349 488 19.4 19.4 CD 12299 2349 489 | | CD 12299 2349 490 3,010 3,010 CD 12299 2349 491 | | CD 12299 2349 492 633 633 CD 12299 2349 493 | | CD 12299 2349 494 3,920 3,920 CD 12299 2349 495 | | CD 12299 2349 496 4 4 CD 12299 2349 497 by by IN 12299 2349 498 5 5 CD 12299 2349 499 | | CD 12299 2349 500 8 8 CD 12299 2349 501 | | CD 12299 2349 502 8 8 CD 12299 2349 503 | | CD 12299 2349 504 19.5 19.5 CD 12299 2349 505 | | CD 12299 2349 506 715 715 CD 12299 2349 507 | | NNP 12299 2349 508 | | CD 12299 2349 509 | | CD 12299 2349 510 | | CD 12299 2349 511 | | CD 12299 2349 512 | | CD 12299 2349 513 2 2 CD 12299 2349 514 by by IN 12299 2349 515 2 2 CD 12299 2349 516 | | CD 12299 2349 517 69 69 CD 12299 2349 518 | | CD 12299 2349 519 | | CD 12299 2349 520 | | CD 12299 2349 521 | | CD 12299 2349 522 5,547 5,547 CD 12299 2349 523 | | CD 12299 2349 524 | | CD 12299 2349 525 | | CD 12299 2349 526 | | CD 12299 2349 527 | | CD 12299 2349 528 | | CD 12299 2349 529 | | CD 12299 2349 530 | | CD 12299 2349 531 | | CD 12299 2349 532 | | NNP 12299 2349 533 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 2349 534 | | CD 12299 2349 535 6 6 CD 12299 2349 536 by by IN 12299 2349 537 7 7 CD 12299 2349 538 | | CD 12299 2349 539 3 3 CD 12299 2349 540 | | CD 12299 2349 541 15.7 15.7 CD 12299 2349 542 | | CD 12299 2349 543 2,257 2,257 CD 12299 2349 544 | | CD 12299 2349 545 1,042 1,042 CD 12299 2349 546 | | CD 12299 2349 547 3,323 3,323 CD 12299 2349 548 | | CD 12299 2349 549 2 2 CD 12299 2349 550 by by IN 12299 2349 551 2 2 CD 12299 2349 552 | | CD 12299 2349 553 2 2 CD 12299 2349 554 | | CD 12299 2349 555 57 57 CD 12299 2349 556 | | CD 12299 2349 557 16.2 16.2 CD 12299 2349 558 | | CD 12299 2349 559 697 697 CD 12299 2349 560 | | CD 12299 2349 561 60 60 CD 12299 2349 562 | | CD 12299 2349 563 14.0 14.0 CD 12299 2349 564 | | CD 12299 2349 565 879 879 CD 12299 2349 566 | | CD 12299 2349 567 | | CD 12299 2349 568 | | CD 12299 2349 569 4 4 CD 12299 2349 570 by by IN 12299 2349 571 7 7 CD 12299 2349 572 | | CD 12299 2349 573 3 3 CD 12299 2349 574 | | CD 12299 2349 575 13.6 13.6 CD 12299 2349 576 | | CD 12299 2349 577 3,780 3,780 CD 12299 2349 578 | | CD 12299 2349 579 1,301 1,301 CD 12299 2349 580 | | CD 12299 2349 581 4,823 4,823 CD 12299 2349 582 | | CD 12299 2349 583 | | CD 12299 2349 584 | | CD 12299 2349 585 | | CD 12299 2349 586 | | CD 12299 2349 587 | | CD 12299 2349 588 | | CD 12299 2349 589 | | CD 12299 2349 590 | | CD 12299 2349 591 | | CD 12299 2349 592 | | CD 12299 2349 593 4 4 CD 12299 2349 594 by by IN 12299 2349 595 4 4 CD 12299 2349 596 | | CD 12299 2349 597 57 57 CD 12299 2349 598 | | CD 12299 2349 599 14.9 14.9 CD 12299 2349 600 | | CD 12299 2349 601 3,386 3,386 CD 12299 2349 602 | | CD 12299 2349 603 1,353 1,353 CD 12299 2349 604 | | CD 12299 2349 605 4,346 4,346 CD 12299 2349 606 | | CD 12299 2349 607 | | CD 12299 2349 608 | | CD 12299 2349 609 | | CD 12299 2349 610 | | CD 12299 2349 611 | | CD 12299 2349 612 | | CD 12299 2349 613 | | CD 12299 2349 614 | | CD 12299 2349 615 | | CD 12299 2349 616 | | CD 12299 2349 617 2 2 CD 12299 2349 618 by by IN 12299 2349 619 2 2 CD 12299 2349 620 | | CD 12299 2349 621 66 66 CD 12299 2349 622 | | CD 12299 2349 623 14.6 14.6 CD 12299 2349 624 | | CD 12299 2349 625 | | CD 12299 2349 626 | | CD 12299 2349 627 4,790 4,790 CD 12299 2349 628 | | CD 12299 2349 629 | | CD 12299 2349 630 | | CD 12299 2349 631 | | CD 12299 2349 632 | | CD 12299 2349 633 | | CD 12299 2349 634 | | CD 12299 2349 635 | | CD 12299 2349 636 | | CD 12299 2349 637 | | CD 12299 2349 638 Western western JJ 12299 2349 639 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 2349 640 | | CD 12299 2349 641 6 6 CD 12299 2349 642 by by IN 12299 2349 643 6 6 CD 12299 2349 644 | | CD 12299 2349 645 102 102 CD 12299 2349 646 | | CD 12299 2349 647 18.6 18.6 CD 12299 2349 648 | | CD 12299 2349 649 4,840 4,840 CD 12299 2349 650 | | CD 12299 2349 651 2,140 2,140 CD 12299 2349 652 | | CD 12299 2349 653 5,814 5,814 CD 12299 2349 654 | | CD 12299 2349 655 7 7 CD 12299 2349 656 by by IN 12299 2349 657 6 6 CD 12299 2349 658 | | CD 12299 2349 659 15 15 CD 12299 2349 660 | | CD 12299 2349 661 25 25 CD 12299 2349 662 | | CD 12299 2349 663 18.2 18.2 CD 12299 2349 664 | | CD 12299 2349 665 514 514 CD 12299 2349 666 | | CD 12299 2349 667 131 131 CD 12299 2349 668 | | CD 12299 2349 669 17.7 17.7 CD 12299 2349 670 | | CD 12299 2349 671 924 924 CD 12299 2349 672 | | CD 12299 2349 673 | | CD 12299 2349 674 | | CD 12299 2349 675 2 2 CD 12299 2349 676 by by IN 12299 2349 677 2 2 CD 12299 2349 678 | | CD 12299 2349 679 463 463 CD 12299 2349 680 | | CD 12299 2349 681 17.0 17.0 CD 12299 2349 682 | | CD 12299 2349 683 4,560 4,560 CD 12299 2349 684 | | CD 12299 2349 685 1,923 1,923 CD 12299 2349 686 | | CD 12299 2349 687 5,403 5,403 CD 12299 2349 688 | | CD 12299 2349 689 6 6 CD 12299 2349 690 by by IN 12299 2349 691 6 6 CD 12299 2349 692 | | CD 12299 2349 693 6 6 CD 12299 2349 694 | | CD 12299 2349 695 26 26 CD 12299 2349 696 | | CD 12299 2349 697 16.8 16.8 CD 12299 2349 698 | | CD 12299 2349 699 431 431 CD 12299 2349 700 | | CD 12299 2349 701 | | CD 12299 2349 702 | | CD 12299 2349 703 | | CD 12299 2349 704 | | CD 12299 2349 705 | | CD 12299 2349 706 | | CD 12299 2349 707 | | CD 12299 2349 708 | | CD 12299 2349 709 | | CD 12299 2349 710 | | CD 12299 2349 711 | | CD 12299 2349 712 4 4 CD 12299 2349 713 by by IN 12299 2349 714 4 4 CD 12299 2349 715 | | CD 12299 2349 716 4 4 CD 12299 2349 717 | | CD 12299 2349 718 6 6 CD 12299 2349 719 | | CD 12299 2349 720 15.9 15.9 CD 12299 2349 721 | | CD 12299 2349 722 488 488 CD 12299 2349 723 | | CD 12299 2349 724 | | CD 12299 2349 725 | | CD 12299 2349 726 | | CD 12299 2349 727 | | CD 12299 2349 728 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 2349 729 | | CD 12299 2349 730 6 6 CD 12299 2349 731 by by IN 12299 2349 732 6 6 CD 12299 2349 733 | | CD 12299 2349 734 18 18 CD 12299 2349 735 | | CD 12299 2349 736 16.9 16.9 CD 12299 2349 737 | | CD 12299 2349 738 | | CD 12299 2349 739 | | CD 12299 2349 740 4,276 4,276 CD 12299 2349 741 | | CD 12299 2349 742 8 8 CD 12299 2349 743 by by IN 12299 2349 744 6 6 CD 12299 2349 745 | | CD 12299 2349 746 16 16 CD 12299 2349 747 | | CD 12299 2349 748 5 5 CD 12299 2349 749 | | CD 12299 2349 750 25.4 25.4 CD 12299 2349 751 | | CD 12299 2349 752 548 548 CD 12299 2349 753 | | CD 12299 2349 754 95 95 CD 12299 2349 755 | | CD 12299 2349 756 12.4 12.4 CD 12299 2349 757 | | CD 12299 2349 758 671 671 CD 12299 2349 759 | | CD 12299 2349 760 | | CD 12299 2349 761 | | CD 12299 2349 762 2 2 CD 12299 2349 763 by by IN 12299 2349 764 2 2 CD 12299 2349 765 | | CD 12299 2349 766 115 115 CD 12299 2349 767 | | CD 12299 2349 768 14.6 14.6 CD 12299 2349 769 | | CD 12299 2349 770 | | CD 12299 2349 771 | | CD 12299 2349 772 5,119 5,119 CD 12299 2349 773 | | CD 12299 2349 774 6 6 CD 12299 2349 775 by by IN 12299 2349 776 6 6 CD 12299 2349 777 | | CD 12299 2349 778 12 12 CD 12299 2349 779 | | CD 12299 2349 780 6 6 CD 12299 2349 781 | | CD 12299 2349 782 14.7 14.7 CD 12299 2349 783 | | CD 12299 2349 784 610 610 CD 12299 2349 785 | | CD 12299 2349 786 | | CD 12299 2349 787 | | CD 12299 2349 788 | | CD 12299 2349 789 | | CD 12299 2349 790 | | CD 12299 2349 791 | | CD 12299 2349 792 | | CD 12299 2349 793 | | CD 12299 2349 794 | | CD 12299 2349 795 | | CD 12299 2349 796 | | CD 12299 2349 797 7 7 CD 12299 2349 798 by by IN 12299 2349 799 6 6 CD 12299 2349 800 | | CD 12299 2349 801 9 9 CD 12299 2349 802 | | CD 12299 2349 803 5 5 CD 12299 2349 804 | | CD 12299 2349 805 14.8 14.8 CD 12299 2349 806 | | CD 12299 2349 807 500 500 CD 12299 2349 808 | | CD 12299 2349 809 | | NNP 12299 2349 810 | | CD 12299 2349 811 | | CD 12299 2349 812 | | CD 12299 2349 813 | | CD 12299 2349 814 | | CD 12299 2349 815 | | CD 12299 2349 816 | | CD 12299 2349 817 | | CD 12299 2349 818 | | CD 12299 2349 819 | | CD 12299 2349 820 3 3 CD 12299 2349 821 by by IN 12299 2349 822 6 6 CD 12299 2349 823 | | CD 12299 2349 824 14 14 CD 12299 2349 825 | | CD 12299 2349 826 2 2 CD 12299 2349 827 | | CD 12299 2349 828 12.6 12.6 CD 12299 2349 829 | | CD 12299 2349 830 470 470 CD 12299 2349 831 | | CD 12299 2349 832 | | CD 12299 2349 833 | | CD 12299 2349 834 | | CD 12299 2349 835 | | CD 12299 2349 836 | | CD 12299 2349 837 | | CD 12299 2349 838 | | CD 12299 2349 839 | | CD 12299 2349 840 | | CD 12299 2349 841 | | CD 12299 2349 842 | | CD 12299 2349 843 2 2 CD 12299 2349 844 by by IN 12299 2349 845 6 6 CD 12299 2349 846 | | CD 12299 2349 847 12 12 CD 12299 2349 848 | | CD 12299 2349 849 2 2 CD 12299 2349 850 | | CD 12299 2349 851 16.2 16.2 CD 12299 2349 852 | | CD 12299 2349 853 498 498 CD 12299 2349 854 | | CD 12299 2349 855 | | CD 12299 2349 856 | | CD 12299 2349 857 | | CD 12299 2349 858 | | CD 12299 2349 859 | | CD 12299 2349 860 | | CD 12299 2349 861 | | CD 12299 2349 862 | | CD 12299 2349 863 | | CD 12299 2349 864 | | CD 12299 2349 865 | | CD 12299 2349 866 2 2 CD 12299 2349 867 by by IN 12299 2349 868 6 6 CD 12299 2349 869 | | CD 12299 2349 870 10 10 CD 12299 2349 871 | | CD 12299 2349 872 4 4 CD 12299 2349 873 | | CD 12299 2349 874 14.3 14.3 CD 12299 2349 875 | | CD 12299 2349 876 511 511 CD 12299 2349 877 | | CD 12299 2349 878 | | CD 12299 2349 879 | | CD 12299 2349 880 | | CD 12299 2349 881 | | CD 12299 2349 882 | | CD 12299 2349 883 | | CD 12299 2349 884 | | CD 12299 2349 885 | | CD 12299 2349 886 | | CD 12299 2349 887 | | CD 12299 2349 888 | | CD 12299 2349 889 2 2 CD 12299 2349 890 by by IN 12299 2349 891 6 6 CD 12299 2349 892 | | CD 12299 2349 893 8 8 CD 12299 2349 894 | | CD 12299 2349 895 2 2 CD 12299 2349 896 | | CD 12299 2349 897 13.2 13.2 CD 12299 2349 898 | | CD 12299 2349 899 429 429 CD 12299 2349 900 | | CD 12299 2349 901 | | CD 12299 2349 902 | | CD 12299 2349 903 | | CD 12299 2349 904 | | CD 12299 2349 905 | | CD 12299 2349 906 | | CD 12299 2349 907 | | CD 12299 2349 908 | | CD 12299 2349 909 | | CD 12299 2349 910 | | CD 12299 2349 911 | | CD 12299 2349 912 2 2 CD 12299 2349 913 by by IN 12299 2349 914 2 2 CD 12299 2349 915 | | CD 12299 2349 916 2 2 CD 12299 2349 917 | | CD 12299 2349 918 145 145 CD 12299 2349 919 | | CD 12299 2349 920 13.8 13.8 CD 12299 2349 921 | | CD 12299 2349 922 564 564 CD 12299 2349 923 | | CD 12299 2349 924 | | CD 12299 2349 925 | | CD 12299 2349 926 | | CD 12299 2349 927 | | NNP 12299 2349 928 Norway Norway NNP 12299 2349 929 pine pine NN 12299 2349 930 | | NNP 12299 2349 931 6 6 CD 12299 2349 932 by by IN 12299 2349 933 7 7 CD 12299 2349 934 | | CD 12299 2349 935 4 4 CD 12299 2349 936 | | CD 12299 2349 937 15.2 15.2 CD 12299 2349 938 | | CD 12299 2349 939 2,670 2,670 CD 12299 2349 940 | | CD 12299 2349 941 1,182 1,182 CD 12299 2349 942 | | CD 12299 2349 943 4,212 4,212 CD 12299 2349 944 | | CD 12299 2349 945 2 2 CD 12299 2349 946 by by IN 12299 2349 947 2 2 CD 12299 2349 948 | | CD 12299 2349 949 2 2 CD 12299 2349 950 | | CD 12299 2349 951 36 36 CD 12299 2349 952 | | CD 12299 2349 953 10.0 10.0 CD 12299 2349 954 | | CD 12299 2349 955 924 924 CD 12299 2349 956 | | CD 12299 2349 957 44 44 CD 12299 2349 958 | | CD 12299 2349 959 11.9 11.9 CD 12299 2349 960 | | CD 12299 2349 961 1,145 1,145 CD 12299 2349 962 | | CD 12299 2349 963 | | CD 12299 2349 964 | | CD 12299 2349 965 4 4 CD 12299 2349 966 by by IN 12299 2349 967 7 7 CD 12299 2349 968 | | CD 12299 2349 969 2 2 CD 12299 2349 970 | | CD 12299 2349 971 22.2 22.2 CD 12299 2349 972 | | CD 12299 2349 973 3,275 3,275 CD 12299 2349 974 | | CD 12299 2349 975 1,724 1,724 CD 12299 2349 976 | | CD 12299 2349 977 4,575 4,575 CD 12299 2349 978 | | CD 12299 2349 979 | | CD 12299 2349 980 | | CD 12299 2349 981 | | CD 12299 2349 982 | | CD 12299 2349 983 | | CD 12299 2349 984 | | CD 12299 2349 985 | | CD 12299 2349 986 | | CD 12299 2349 987 | | CD 12299 2349 988 | | CD 12299 2349 989 4 4 CD 12299 2349 990 by by IN 12299 2349 991 4 4 CD 12299 2349 992 | | CD 12299 2349 993 55 55 CD 12299 2349 994 | | CD 12299 2349 995 16.6 16.6 CD 12299 2349 996 | | CD 12299 2349 997 3,048 3,048 CD 12299 2349 998 | | CD 12299 2349 999 1,367 1,367 CD 12299 2349 1000 | | CD 12299 2349 1001 4,217 4,217 CD 12299 2349 1002 | | CD 12299 2349 1003 | | CD 12299 2349 1004 | | CD 12299 2349 1005 | | CD 12299 2349 1006 | | CD 12299 2349 1007 | | CD 12299 2349 1008 | | CD 12299 2349 1009 | | CD 12299 2349 1010 | | CD 12299 2349 1011 | | CD 12299 2349 1012 | | CD 12299 2349 1013 2 2 CD 12299 2349 1014 by by IN 12299 2349 1015 2 2 CD 12299 2349 1016 | | CD 12299 2349 1017 44 44 CD 12299 2349 1018 | | CD 12299 2349 1019 11.2 11.2 CD 12299 2349 1020 | | CD 12299 2349 1021 | | CD 12299 2349 1022 | | CD 12299 2349 1023 7,550 7,550 CD 12299 2349 1024 | | CD 12299 2349 1025 | | CD 12299 2349 1026 | | CD 12299 2349 1027 | | CD 12299 2349 1028 | | CD 12299 2349 1029 | | CD 12299 2349 1030 | | CD 12299 2349 1031 | | CD 12299 2349 1032 | | NNP 12299 2349 1033 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2349 1034 | | NNP 12299 2349 1035 _ _ NNP 12299 2349 1036 Note.--Following Note.--Following NNP 12299 2349 1037 is be VBZ 12299 2349 1038 an an DT 12299 2349 1039 explanation explanation NN 12299 2349 1040 of of IN 12299 2349 1041 the the DT 12299 2349 1042 abbreviations abbreviation NNS 12299 2349 1043 used use VBN 12299 2349 1044 in in IN 12299 2349 1045 the the DT 12299 2349 1046 foregoing foregoing NN 12299 2349 1047 tables table NNS 12299 2349 1048 : : : 12299 2349 1049 _ _ NNP 12299 2349 1050 | | NNP 12299 2349 1051 | | NNP 12299 2349 1052 F.S. F.S. NNP 12299 2350 1 at at IN 12299 2350 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2350 3 = = SYM 12299 2350 4 Fiber Fiber NNP 12299 2350 5 stress stress NN 12299 2350 6 at at IN 12299 2350 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2350 8 limit limit NN 12299 2350 9 . . . 12299 2351 1 | | NNP 12299 2351 2 | | NNP 12299 2351 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2351 4 of of IN 12299 2351 5 E. E. NNP 12299 2351 6 = = SYM 12299 2351 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2351 8 of of IN 12299 2351 9 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2351 10 . . . 12299 2352 1 | | NNP 12299 2352 2 | | NNP 12299 2352 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2352 4 of of IN 12299 2352 5 R. R. NNP 12299 2352 6 = = SYM 12299 2352 7 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2352 8 of of IN 12299 2352 9 rupture rupture NN 12299 2352 10 . . . 12299 2353 1 | | NNP 12299 2353 2 | | NNS 12299 2353 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2353 4 . . . 12299 2354 1 str str NNP 12299 2354 2 . . . 12299 2355 1 at at IN 12299 2355 2 E.L. E.L. NNP 12299 2355 3 = = SYM 12299 2355 4 Crushing Crushing NNP 12299 2355 5 strength strength NN 12299 2355 6 at at IN 12299 2355 7 elastic elastic JJ 12299 2355 8 limit limit NN 12299 2355 9 . . . 12299 2356 1 | | NNP 12299 2356 2 | | NNS 12299 2356 3 Cr cr NN 12299 2356 4 . . . 12299 2357 1 str str NNP 12299 2357 2 . . . 12299 2358 1 at at IN 12299 2358 2 max max NNP 12299 2358 3 . . . 12299 2359 1 ld ld UH 12299 2359 2 . . . 12299 2360 1 = = NFP 12299 2360 2 Crushing crush VBG 12299 2360 3 strength strength NN 12299 2360 4 at at IN 12299 2360 5 maximum maximum JJ 12299 2360 6 load load NN 12299 2360 7 . . . 12299 2361 1 | | NNP 12299 2361 2 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2361 3 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2361 4 | | NNP 12299 2361 5 TABLE table NN 12299 2361 6 XXII xxii NN 12299 2361 7 TABLE TABLE VBZ 12299 2361 8 XXII XXII NNP 12299 2361 9 | | NNP 12299 2361 10 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2361 11 | | CD 12299 2361 12 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2361 13 b]WORKING b]worke VBG 12299 2361 14 UNIT UNIT NNP 12299 2361 15 - - HYPH 12299 2361 16 STRESSES STRESSES NNP 12299 2361 17 FOR for IN 12299 2361 18 STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL NNP 12299 2361 19 TIMBER[c TIMBER[c NNP 12299 2361 20 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2361 21 | | NNP 12299 2361 22 | | NNS 12299 2361 23 EXPRESSED EXPRESSED NNS 12299 2361 24 IN in IN 12299 2361 25 POUNDS pound NNS 12299 2361 26 PER per IN 12299 2361 27 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 12299 2361 28 INCH INCH NNP 12299 2361 29 | | NNP 12299 2361 30 | | NNP 12299 2361 31 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2361 32 From from IN 12299 2361 33 Manual Manual NNP 12299 2361 34 of of IN 12299 2361 35 the the DT 12299 2361 36 American American NNP 12299 2361 37 Railway Railway NNP 12299 2361 38 Engineering Engineering NNP 12299 2361 39 Assn Assn NNP 12299 2361 40 . . . 12299 2361 41 , , , 12299 2361 42 1911 1911 CD 12299 2361 43 , , , 12299 2361 44 p. p. NN 12299 2361 45 153 153 CD 12299 2361 46 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2361 47 | | NNP 12299 2361 48 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2361 49 | | CD 12299 2361 50 NOTE.--The NOTE.--The NNP 12299 2361 51 working working NNP 12299 2361 52 unit unit NN 12299 2361 53 - - HYPH 12299 2361 54 stresses stress NNS 12299 2361 55 given give VBN 12299 2361 56 in in IN 12299 2361 57 the the DT 12299 2361 58 table table NN 12299 2361 59 are be VBP 12299 2361 60 intended intend VBN 12299 2361 61 for for IN 12299 2361 62 railroad railroad NN 12299 2361 63 bridges bridge NNS 12299 2361 64 and and CC 12299 2361 65 trestles trestle NNS 12299 2361 66 . . . 12299 2362 1 For for IN 12299 2362 2 highway highway NN 12299 2362 3 bridges bridge NNS 12299 2362 4 and and CC 12299 2362 5 trestles trestle VBZ 12299 2362 6 the the DT 12299 2362 7 unit unit NN 12299 2362 8 - - HYPH 12299 2362 9 stresses stress NNS 12299 2362 10 may may MD 12299 2362 11 be be VB 12299 2362 12 increased increase VBN 12299 2362 13 | | CD 12299 2362 14 | | CD 12299 2362 15 twenty twenty CD 12299 2362 16 - - HYPH 12299 2362 17 five five CD 12299 2362 18 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2362 19 25 25 CD 12299 2362 20 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2362 21 per per IN 12299 2362 22 cent cent NN 12299 2362 23 . . . 12299 2363 1 For for IN 12299 2363 2 buildings building NNS 12299 2363 3 and and CC 12299 2363 4 similar similar JJ 12299 2363 5 structures structure NNS 12299 2363 6 , , , 12299 2363 7 in in IN 12299 2363 8 which which WDT 12299 2363 9 the the DT 12299 2363 10 timber timber NN 12299 2363 11 is be VBZ 12299 2363 12 protected protect VBN 12299 2363 13 from from IN 12299 2363 14 the the DT 12299 2363 15 weather weather NN 12299 2363 16 and and CC 12299 2363 17 practically practically RB 12299 2363 18 free free JJ 12299 2363 19 from from IN 12299 2363 20 impact impact NN 12299 2363 21 , , , 12299 2363 22 the the DT 12299 2363 23 unit unit NN 12299 2363 24 - - HYPH 12299 2363 25 stresses stress NNS 12299 2363 26 may may MD 12299 2363 27 be be VB 12299 2363 28 | | CD 12299 2363 29 | | CD 12299 2363 30 increased increase VBN 12299 2363 31 fifty fifty CD 12299 2363 32 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2363 33 50 50 CD 12299 2363 34 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2363 35 per per IN 12299 2363 36 cent cent NN 12299 2363 37 . . . 12299 2364 1 To to TO 12299 2364 2 compute compute VB 12299 2364 3 the the DT 12299 2364 4 deflection deflection NN 12299 2364 5 of of IN 12299 2364 6 a a DT 12299 2364 7 beam beam NN 12299 2364 8 under under IN 12299 2364 9 long long RB 12299 2364 10 - - HYPH 12299 2364 11 continued continue VBN 12299 2364 12 loading loading NN 12299 2364 13 instead instead RB 12299 2364 14 of of IN 12299 2364 15 that that DT 12299 2364 16 when when WRB 12299 2364 17 the the DT 12299 2364 18 load load NN 12299 2364 19 is be VBZ 12299 2364 20 first first RB 12299 2364 21 applied apply VBN 12299 2364 22 , , , 12299 2364 23 only only RB 12299 2364 24 fifty fifty CD 12299 2364 25 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2364 26 50 50 CD 12299 2364 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2364 28 per per IN 12299 2364 29 cent cent NN 12299 2364 30 of of IN 12299 2364 31 the the DT 12299 2364 32 | | CD 12299 2364 33 | | CD 12299 2364 34 corresponding corresponding JJ 12299 2364 35 modulus modulus NN 12299 2364 36 of of IN 12299 2364 37 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2364 38 given give VBN 12299 2364 39 in in IN 12299 2364 40 the the DT 12299 2364 41 table table NN 12299 2364 42 is be VBZ 12299 2364 43 to to TO 12299 2364 44 be be VB 12299 2364 45 employed employ VBN 12299 2364 46 . . . 12299 2365 1 | | NNP 12299 2365 2 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2365 3 | | NNP 12299 2365 4 | | NNP 12299 2365 5 BENDING BENDING NNP 12299 2365 6 | | NNP 12299 2365 7 SHEARING SHEARING NNP 12299 2365 8 | | NNP 12299 2365 9 COMPRESSION COMPRESSION VBN 12299 2365 10 | | CD 12299 2365 11 | | CD 12299 2365 12 | | NNP 12299 2365 13 |---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------| |---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2365 14 Ratio Ratio NNP 12299 2365 15 | | NNP 12299 2365 16 | | NNP 12299 2365 17 | | NNP 12299 2365 18 Extreme Extreme NNP 12299 2365 19 | | NNP 12299 2365 20 Modulus Modulus NNP 12299 2365 21 of of IN 12299 2365 22 | | NNP 12299 2365 23 Parallel Parallel NNP 12299 2365 24 to to IN 12299 2365 25 | | NNP 12299 2365 26 Longitudinal Longitudinal NNP 12299 2365 27 | | NNP 12299 2365 28 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 12299 2365 29 | | NNP 12299 2365 30 Parallel Parallel NNP 12299 2365 31 to to IN 12299 2365 32 | | CD 12299 2365 33 For for IN 12299 2365 34 | | NN 12299 2365 35 Formulà Formulà VBG 12299 2365 36 ¦ ¦ : 12299 2365 37 for for IN 12299 2365 38 | | NNP 12299 2365 39 of of IN 12299 2365 40 | | NNP 12299 2365 41 | | NNP 12299 2365 42 | | CD 12299 2365 43 fibre fibre NN 12299 2365 44 | | CD 12299 2365 45 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2365 46 | | CD 12299 2365 47 the the DT 12299 2365 48 grain grain NN 12299 2365 49 | | CD 12299 2365 50 shear shear NN 12299 2365 51 in in IN 12299 2365 52 | | CD 12299 2365 53 to to IN 12299 2365 54 the the DT 12299 2365 55 grain grain NN 12299 2365 56 | | VBN 12299 2365 57 the the DT 12299 2365 58 grain grain NN 12299 2365 59 | | HYPH 12299 2365 60 columns column NNS 12299 2365 61 | | JJ 12299 2365 62 working work VBG 12299 2365 63 stress stress NN 12299 2365 64 in in IN 12299 2365 65 | | NNP 12299 2365 66 length length NN 12299 2365 67 | | HYPH 12299 2365 68 | | CD 12299 2365 69 KIND kind NN 12299 2365 70 OF of IN 12299 2365 71 | | CD 12299 2365 72 stress stress NN 12299 2365 73 | | NNP 12299 2365 74 | | CD 12299 2365 75 | | CD 12299 2365 76 beams beam VBZ 12299 2365 77 | | CD 12299 2365 78 | | CD 12299 2365 79 | | CD 12299 2365 80 under under IN 12299 2365 81 15 15 CD 12299 2365 82 | | CD 12299 2365 83 long long JJ 12299 2365 84 columns column NNS 12299 2365 85 over over IN 12299 2365 86 | | NNP 12299 2365 87 of of IN 12299 2365 88 | | CD 12299 2365 89 | | NNP 12299 2365 90 TIMBER TIMBER NNP 12299 2365 91 |--------------------+------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------| |--------------------+------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------| NNP 12299 2365 92 diameters diameter NNS 12299 2365 93 | | CD 12299 2365 94 15 15 CD 12299 2365 95 diameters diameter NNS 12299 2365 96 | | , 12299 2365 97 stringer stringer NN 12299 2365 98 | | NNP 12299 2365 99 | | CD 12299 2365 100 | | NNP 12299 2365 101 Average average JJ 12299 2365 102 | | NNP 12299 2365 103 Working Working NNP 12299 2365 104 | | HYPH 12299 2365 105 | | NNP 12299 2365 106 Average average JJ 12299 2365 107 | | NNS 12299 2365 108 Working working NN 12299 2365 109 | | HYPH 12299 2365 110 Elastic elastic JJ 12299 2365 111 | | NNP 12299 2365 112 Working Working NNP 12299 2365 113 | | HYPH 12299 2365 114 Elastic elastic JJ 12299 2365 115 | | NNP 12299 2365 116 Working Working NNP 12299 2365 117 | | NNP 12299 2365 118 Average average JJ 12299 2365 119 | | NNP 12299 2365 120 Working work VBG 12299 2365 121 | | CD 12299 2365 122 working work VBG 12299 2365 123 | | CD 12299 2365 124 | | NNS 12299 2365 125 to to IN 12299 2365 126 | | CD 12299 2365 127 | | CD 12299 2365 128 | | CD 12299 2365 129 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 2365 130 | | JJ 12299 2365 131 stress stress NN 12299 2365 132 | | NNP 12299 2365 133 Average average JJ 12299 2365 134 | | CD 12299 2365 135 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 2365 136 | | CD 12299 2365 137 stress stress NN 12299 2365 138 | | HYPH 12299 2365 139 limit limit NN 12299 2365 140 | | NNP 12299 2365 141 stress stress NN 12299 2365 142 | | HYPH 12299 2365 143 limit limit NN 12299 2365 144 | | NNP 12299 2365 145 stress stress NN 12299 2365 146 | | HYPH 12299 2365 147 ultimate ultimate JJ 12299 2365 148 | | NNP 12299 2365 149 stress stress NN 12299 2365 150 | | NNP 12299 2365 151 stress stress NN 12299 2365 152 | | CD 12299 2365 153 | | CD 12299 2365 154 depth depth NN 12299 2365 155 | | NNP 12299 2365 156 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 157 | | NNP 12299 2365 158 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2365 159 fir fir NN 12299 2365 160 | | NNP 12299 2365 161 6100 6100 CD 12299 2365 162 | | CD 12299 2365 163 1200 1200 CD 12299 2365 164 | | CD 12299 2365 165 1,510,000 1,510,000 CD 12299 2365 166 | | CD 12299 2365 167 690 690 CD 12299 2365 168 | | CD 12299 2365 169 170 170 CD 12299 2365 170 | | CD 12299 2365 171 270 270 CD 12299 2365 172 | | CD 12299 2365 173 110 110 CD 12299 2365 174 | | CD 12299 2365 175 630 630 CD 12299 2365 176 | | CD 12299 2365 177 310 310 CD 12299 2365 178 | | CD 12299 2365 179 3600 3600 CD 12299 2365 180 | | CD 12299 2365 181 1200 1200 CD 12299 2365 182 | | CD 12299 2365 183 900 900 CD 12299 2365 184 | | CD 12299 2365 185 1200(1-_l_/60_d 1200(1-_l_/60_d NNP 12299 2365 186 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 187 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 188 | | NNP 12299 2365 189 10 10 CD 12299 2365 190 | | NNP 12299 2365 191 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 192 | | NNP 12299 2365 193 Longleaf Longleaf NNP 12299 2365 194 pine pine NN 12299 2365 195 | | NNP 12299 2365 196 6500 6500 CD 12299 2365 197 | | NNP 12299 2365 198 1300 1300 CD 12299 2365 199 | | CD 12299 2365 200 1,610,000 1,610,000 CD 12299 2365 201 | | CD 12299 2365 202 720 720 CD 12299 2365 203 | | CD 12299 2365 204 180 180 CD 12299 2365 205 | | CD 12299 2365 206 300 300 CD 12299 2365 207 | | CD 12299 2365 208 120 120 CD 12299 2365 209 | | CD 12299 2365 210 520 520 CD 12299 2365 211 | | CD 12299 2365 212 260 260 CD 12299 2365 213 | | CD 12299 2365 214 3800 3800 CD 12299 2365 215 | | CD 12299 2365 216 1300 1300 CD 12299 2365 217 | | CD 12299 2365 218 980 980 CD 12299 2365 219 | | CD 12299 2365 220 1300(1-_l_/60_d 1300(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 221 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 222 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 223 | | NNP 12299 2365 224 10 10 CD 12299 2365 225 | | NNP 12299 2365 226 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 227 | | NNP 12299 2365 228 Shortleaf Shortleaf NNP 12299 2365 229 pine pine NN 12299 2365 230 | | NNP 12299 2365 231 5600 5600 CD 12299 2365 232 | | CD 12299 2365 233 1100 1100 CD 12299 2365 234 | | CD 12299 2365 235 1,480,000 1,480,000 CD 12299 2365 236 | | CD 12299 2365 237 710 710 CD 12299 2365 238 | | CD 12299 2365 239 170 170 CD 12299 2365 240 | | CD 12299 2365 241 330 330 CD 12299 2365 242 | | CD 12299 2365 243 130 130 CD 12299 2365 244 | | CD 12299 2365 245 340 340 CD 12299 2365 246 | | CD 12299 2365 247 170 170 CD 12299 2365 248 | | CD 12299 2365 249 3400 3400 CD 12299 2365 250 | | CD 12299 2365 251 1100 1100 CD 12299 2365 252 | | CD 12299 2365 253 830 830 CD 12299 2365 254 | | NNP 12299 2365 255 1100(1-_l_/60_d 1100(1-_l_/60_d NNP 12299 2365 256 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 257 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 258 | | NNP 12299 2365 259 10 10 CD 12299 2365 260 | | NNP 12299 2365 261 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 262 | | NNP 12299 2365 263 White White NNP 12299 2365 264 pine pine NN 12299 2365 265 | | NNP 12299 2365 266 4400 4400 CD 12299 2365 267 | | CD 12299 2365 268 900 900 CD 12299 2365 269 | | CD 12299 2365 270 1,130,000 1,130,000 CD 12299 2365 271 | | CD 12299 2365 272 400 400 CD 12299 2365 273 | | CD 12299 2365 274 100 100 CD 12299 2365 275 | | CD 12299 2365 276 180 180 CD 12299 2365 277 | | CD 12299 2365 278 70 70 CD 12299 2365 279 | | CD 12299 2365 280 290 290 CD 12299 2365 281 | | CD 12299 2365 282 150 150 CD 12299 2365 283 | | CD 12299 2365 284 3000 3000 CD 12299 2365 285 | | NNP 12299 2365 286 1000 1000 CD 12299 2365 287 | | CD 12299 2365 288 750 750 CD 12299 2365 289 | | CD 12299 2365 290 1000(1-_l_/60_d 1000(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 291 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 292 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 293 | | NNP 12299 2365 294 10 10 CD 12299 2365 295 | | CD 12299 2365 296 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 297 | | NNP 12299 2365 298 Spruce Spruce NNP 12299 2365 299 | | NNP 12299 2365 300 4800 4800 CD 12299 2365 301 | | CD 12299 2365 302 1000 1000 CD 12299 2365 303 | | CD 12299 2365 304 1,310,000 1,310,000 CD 12299 2365 305 | | CD 12299 2365 306 600 600 CD 12299 2365 307 | | CD 12299 2365 308 150 150 CD 12299 2365 309 | | CD 12299 2365 310 170 170 CD 12299 2365 311 | | CD 12299 2365 312 70 70 CD 12299 2365 313 | | CD 12299 2365 314 370 370 CD 12299 2365 315 | | CD 12299 2365 316 180 180 CD 12299 2365 317 | | CD 12299 2365 318 3200 3200 CD 12299 2365 319 | | CD 12299 2365 320 1100 1100 CD 12299 2365 321 | | CD 12299 2365 322 830 830 CD 12299 2365 323 | | NNP 12299 2365 324 1100(1-_l_/60_d 1100(1-_l_/60_d NNP 12299 2365 325 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 326 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 327 | | NNP 12299 2365 328 | | NNP 12299 2365 329 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 330 | | NNP 12299 2365 331 Norway Norway NNP 12299 2365 332 pine pine NN 12299 2365 333 | | NNP 12299 2365 334 4200 4200 CD 12299 2365 335 | | CD 12299 2365 336 800 800 CD 12299 2365 337 | | CD 12299 2365 338 1,190,000 1,190,000 CD 12299 2365 339 | | CD 12299 2365 340 590[d 590[d CD 12299 2365 341 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2365 342 | | NNP 12299 2365 343 130 130 CD 12299 2365 344 | | CD 12299 2365 345 250 250 CD 12299 2365 346 | | CD 12299 2365 347 100 100 CD 12299 2365 348 | | CD 12299 2365 349 | | CD 12299 2365 350 150 150 CD 12299 2365 351 | | CD 12299 2365 352 2600[d 2600[d CD 12299 2365 353 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2365 354 | | CD 12299 2365 355 800 800 CD 12299 2365 356 | | CD 12299 2365 357 600 600 CD 12299 2365 358 | | CD 12299 2365 359 800(1-_l_/60_d 800(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 360 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 361 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 362 | | NNP 12299 2365 363 | | NNP 12299 2365 364 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 365 | | NNP 12299 2365 366 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 12299 2365 367 | | CD 12299 2365 368 4600 4600 CD 12299 2365 369 | | CD 12299 2365 370 900 900 CD 12299 2365 371 | | CD 12299 2365 372 1,220,000 1,220,000 CD 12299 2365 373 | | CD 12299 2365 374 670 670 CD 12299 2365 375 | | CD 12299 2365 376 170 170 CD 12299 2365 377 | | CD 12299 2365 378 260 260 CD 12299 2365 379 | | CD 12299 2365 380 100 100 CD 12299 2365 381 | | CD 12299 2365 382 | | CD 12299 2365 383 220 220 CD 12299 2365 384 | | CD 12299 2365 385 3200[d 3200[d CD 12299 2365 386 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2365 387 | | CD 12299 2365 388 1000 1000 CD 12299 2365 389 | | CD 12299 2365 390 750 750 CD 12299 2365 391 | | CD 12299 2365 392 1000(1-_l_/60_d 1000(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 393 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 394 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 395 | | NNP 12299 2365 396 | | NNP 12299 2365 397 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 398 | | NNP 12299 2365 399 Western western JJ 12299 2365 400 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 2365 401 | | NNP 12299 2365 402 5800 5800 CD 12299 2365 403 | | CD 12299 2365 404 1100 1100 CD 12299 2365 405 | | CD 12299 2365 406 1,480,000 1,480,000 CD 12299 2365 407 | | CD 12299 2365 408 630 630 CD 12299 2365 409 | | CD 12299 2365 410 160 160 CD 12299 2365 411 | | CD 12299 2365 412 270[d 270[d CD 12299 2365 413 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2365 414 | | CD 12299 2365 415 100 100 CD 12299 2365 416 | | CD 12299 2365 417 440 440 CD 12299 2365 418 | | CD 12299 2365 419 220 220 CD 12299 2365 420 | | CD 12299 2365 421 3500 3500 CD 12299 2365 422 | | NNP 12299 2365 423 1200 1200 CD 12299 2365 424 | | CD 12299 2365 425 900 900 CD 12299 2365 426 | | CD 12299 2365 427 1200(1-_l_/60_d 1200(1-_l_/60_d NNP 12299 2365 428 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 429 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 430 | | NNP 12299 2365 431 | | NNP 12299 2365 432 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 433 | | NNP 12299 2365 434 Redwood Redwood NNP 12299 2365 435 | | NNP 12299 2365 436 5000 5000 CD 12299 2365 437 | | CD 12299 2365 438 900 900 CD 12299 2365 439 | | CD 12299 2365 440 800,000 800,000 CD 12299 2365 441 | | CD 12299 2365 442 300 300 CD 12299 2365 443 | | CD 12299 2365 444 80 80 CD 12299 2365 445 | | CD 12299 2365 446 | | CD 12299 2365 447 | | CD 12299 2365 448 400 400 CD 12299 2365 449 | | CD 12299 2365 450 150 150 CD 12299 2365 451 | | CD 12299 2365 452 3300 3300 CD 12299 2365 453 | | CD 12299 2365 454 900 900 CD 12299 2365 455 | | CD 12299 2365 456 680 680 CD 12299 2365 457 | | CD 12299 2365 458 900(1-_l_/60_d 900(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 459 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 460 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 461 | | NNP 12299 2365 462 | | NNP 12299 2365 463 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 464 | | NNP 12299 2365 465 Bald Bald NNP 12299 2365 466 cypress cypress NNP 12299 2365 467 | | NNP 12299 2365 468 4800 4800 CD 12299 2365 469 | | CD 12299 2365 470 900 900 CD 12299 2365 471 | | CD 12299 2365 472 1,150,000 1,150,000 CD 12299 2365 473 | | CD 12299 2365 474 500 500 CD 12299 2365 475 | | CD 12299 2365 476 120 120 CD 12299 2365 477 | | CD 12299 2365 478 | | CD 12299 2365 479 | | CD 12299 2365 480 340 340 CD 12299 2365 481 | | CD 12299 2365 482 170 170 CD 12299 2365 483 | | CD 12299 2365 484 3900 3900 CD 12299 2365 485 | | CD 12299 2365 486 1100 1100 CD 12299 2365 487 | | CD 12299 2365 488 830 830 CD 12299 2365 489 | | NNP 12299 2365 490 1100(1-_l_/60_d 1100(1-_l_/60_d NNP 12299 2365 491 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 492 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 493 | | NNP 12299 2365 494 | | NNP 12299 2365 495 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 496 | | NNP 12299 2365 497 Red Red NNP 12299 2365 498 cedar cedar NN 12299 2365 499 | | NNP 12299 2365 500 4200 4200 CD 12299 2365 501 | | CD 12299 2365 502 800 800 CD 12299 2365 503 | | CD 12299 2365 504 800,000 800,000 CD 12299 2365 505 | | CD 12299 2365 506 | | CD 12299 2365 507 | | CD 12299 2365 508 | | CD 12299 2365 509 | | CD 12299 2365 510 470 470 CD 12299 2365 511 | | CD 12299 2365 512 230 230 CD 12299 2365 513 | | CD 12299 2365 514 2800 2800 CD 12299 2365 515 | | CD 12299 2365 516 900 900 CD 12299 2365 517 | | CD 12299 2365 518 680 680 CD 12299 2365 519 | | CD 12299 2365 520 900(1-_l_/60_d 900(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 521 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 522 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 523 | | NNP 12299 2365 524 | | NNP 12299 2365 525 |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| |-----------------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-----------+-------------------+----------| NNP 12299 2365 526 | | NNP 12299 2365 527 White White NNP 12299 2365 528 oak oak NN 12299 2365 529 | | NNP 12299 2365 530 5700 5700 CD 12299 2365 531 | | NNP 12299 2365 532 1100 1100 CD 12299 2365 533 | | CD 12299 2365 534 1,150,000 1,150,000 CD 12299 2365 535 | | CD 12299 2365 536 840 840 CD 12299 2365 537 | | CD 12299 2365 538 210 210 CD 12299 2365 539 | | CD 12299 2365 540 270 270 CD 12299 2365 541 | | CD 12299 2365 542 110 110 CD 12299 2365 543 | | CD 12299 2365 544 920 920 CD 12299 2365 545 | | CD 12299 2365 546 450 450 CD 12299 2365 547 | | CD 12299 2365 548 3500 3500 CD 12299 2365 549 | | NNP 12299 2365 550 1300 1300 CD 12299 2365 551 | | CD 12299 2365 552 980 980 CD 12299 2365 553 | | CD 12299 2365 554 1300(1-_l_/60_d 1300(1-_l_/60_d CD 12299 2365 555 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 556 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2365 557 | | NNP 12299 2365 558 12 12 CD 12299 2365 559 | | CD 12299 2365 560 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2365 561 | | CD 12299 2365 562 These these DT 12299 2365 563 unit unit NN 12299 2365 564 - - HYPH 12299 2365 565 stresses stress NNS 12299 2365 566 are be VBP 12299 2365 567 for for IN 12299 2365 568 a a DT 12299 2365 569 green green JJ 12299 2365 570 condition condition NN 12299 2365 571 of of IN 12299 2365 572 timber timber NN 12299 2365 573 and and CC 12299 2365 574 are be VBP 12299 2365 575 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 576 l l NNP 12299 2365 577 _ _ NNP 12299 2365 578 = = SYM 12299 2365 579 Length Length NNP 12299 2365 580 in in IN 12299 2365 581 inches inch NNS 12299 2365 582 . . . 12299 2366 1 | | CD 12299 2366 2 | | CD 12299 2366 3 to to TO 12299 2366 4 be be VB 12299 2366 5 used use VBN 12299 2366 6 without without IN 12299 2366 7 increasing increase VBG 12299 2366 8 the the DT 12299 2366 9 live live JJ 12299 2366 10 load load NN 12299 2366 11 stresses stress NNS 12299 2366 12 for for IN 12299 2366 13 impact impact NN 12299 2366 14 . . . 12299 2367 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2367 2 d d NNP 12299 2367 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2367 4 = = SYM 12299 2367 5 Least Least JJS 12299 2367 6 side side NN 12299 2367 7 in in IN 12299 2367 8 inches inch NNS 12299 2367 9 . . . 12299 2368 1 | | NNP 12299 2368 2 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2368 3 |[Footnote |[footnote XX 12299 2368 4 b b NN 12299 2368 5 : : : 12299 2368 6 Adopted adopt VBN 12299 2368 7 , , , 12299 2368 8 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2368 9 . . . 12299 2369 1 1909 1909 CD 12299 2369 2 , , , 12299 2369 3 pp pp NNP 12299 2369 4 . . . 12299 2370 1 537 537 CD 12299 2370 2 , , , 12299 2370 3 564 564 CD 12299 2370 4 , , , 12299 2370 5 609 609 CD 12299 2370 6 - - SYM 12299 2370 7 611 611 CD 12299 2370 8 . . . 12299 2370 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2371 1 | | NNP 12299 2371 2 |[Footnote |[footnote VBP 12299 2371 3 c c NN 12299 2371 4 : : : 12299 2371 5 Green green JJ 12299 2371 6 timber timber NN 12299 2371 7 in in IN 12299 2371 8 exposed expose VBN 12299 2371 9 work work NN 12299 2371 10 . . . 12299 2371 11 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2372 1 | | NNP 12299 2372 2 |[Footnote |[Footnote NNP 12299 2372 3 d d NN 12299 2372 4 : : : 12299 2372 5 Partially partially RB 12299 2372 6 air air NN 12299 2372 7 - - HYPH 12299 2372 8 dry dry NN 12299 2372 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2372 10 | | NNP 12299 2372 11 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| NNP 12299 2372 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 12299 2372 13 Part Part NNP 12299 2372 14 I -PRON- PRP 12299 2372 15 : : : 12299 2372 16 Some some DT 12299 2372 17 general general JJ 12299 2372 18 works work NNS 12299 2372 19 on on IN 12299 2372 20 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2372 21 , , , 12299 2372 22 materials material NNS 12299 2372 23 of of IN 12299 2372 24 construction construction NN 12299 2372 25 , , , 12299 2372 26 and and CC 12299 2372 27 testing testing NN 12299 2372 28 of of IN 12299 2372 29 materials material NNS 12299 2372 30 . . . 12299 2373 1 Part part NN 12299 2373 2 II II NNP 12299 2373 3 : : : 12299 2373 4 Publications publication NNS 12299 2373 5 and and CC 12299 2373 6 articles article NNS 12299 2373 7 on on IN 12299 2373 8 the the DT 12299 2373 9 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2373 10 properties property NNS 12299 2373 11 of of IN 12299 2373 12 wood wood NN 12299 2373 13 , , , 12299 2373 14 and and CC 12299 2373 15 timber timber NN 12299 2373 16 testing testing NN 12299 2373 17 . . . 12299 2374 1 Part part NN 12299 2374 2 III III NNP 12299 2374 3 : : : 12299 2374 4 Publications publication NNS 12299 2374 5 of of IN 12299 2374 6 the the DT 12299 2374 7 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 2374 8 Government Government NNP 12299 2374 9 on on IN 12299 2374 10 the the DT 12299 2374 11 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2374 12 properties property NNS 12299 2374 13 of of IN 12299 2374 14 wood wood NN 12299 2374 15 , , , 12299 2374 16 and and CC 12299 2374 17 timber timber NN 12299 2374 18 testing testing NN 12299 2374 19 . . . 12299 2375 1 PART PART NNP 12299 2375 2 1 1 CD 12299 2375 3 . . . 12299 2376 1 SOME some NN 12299 2376 2 GENERAL general NN 12299 2376 3 WORKS work VBD 12299 2376 4 ON on IN 12299 2376 5 MECHANICS MECHANICS NNP 12299 2376 6 , , , 12299 2376 7 MATERIALS material NNS 12299 2376 8 OF of IN 12299 2376 9 CONSTRUCTION construction NN 12299 2376 10 , , , 12299 2376 11 AND and CC 12299 2376 12 TESTING testing NN 12299 2376 13 OF of IN 12299 2376 14 MATERIALS MATERIALS NNP 12299 2376 15 ALLAN ALLAN NNS 12299 2376 16 , , , 12299 2376 17 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2376 18 : : : 12299 2376 19 Strength strength NN 12299 2376 20 of of IN 12299 2376 21 beams beam NNS 12299 2376 22 under under IN 12299 2376 23 transverse transverse JJ 12299 2376 24 loads load NNS 12299 2376 25 . . . 12299 2377 1 New New NNP 12299 2377 2 York York NNP 12299 2377 3 , , , 12299 2377 4 1893 1893 CD 12299 2377 5 . . . 12299 2378 1 ANDERSON ANDERSON NNP 12299 2378 2 , , , 12299 2378 3 SIR SIR NNP 12299 2378 4 JOHN JOHN NNP 12299 2378 5 : : : 12299 2378 6 The the DT 12299 2378 7 strength strength NN 12299 2378 8 of of IN 12299 2378 9 materials material NNS 12299 2378 10 and and CC 12299 2378 11 structures structure NNS 12299 2378 12 . . . 12299 2379 1 London London NNP 12299 2379 2 , , , 12299 2379 3 1902 1902 CD 12299 2379 4 . . . 12299 2380 1 BARLOW BARLOW NNP 12299 2380 2 , , , 12299 2380 3 PETER PETER NNP 12299 2380 4 : : : 12299 2380 5 Strength strength NN 12299 2380 6 of of IN 12299 2380 7 materials material NNS 12299 2380 8 , , , 12299 2380 9 1st 1st NNP 12299 2380 10 ed ed NNP 12299 2380 11 . . . 12299 2381 1 1817 1817 CD 12299 2381 2 ; ; : 12299 2381 3 rev rev NNP 12299 2381 4 . . . 12299 2382 1 1867 1867 CD 12299 2382 2 . . . 12299 2383 1 BURR BURR NNP 12299 2383 2 , , , 12299 2383 3 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2383 4 H. H. NNP 12299 2383 5 : : : 12299 2383 6 The the DT 12299 2383 7 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2383 8 and and CC 12299 2383 9 resistance resistance NN 12299 2383 10 of of IN 12299 2383 11 the the DT 12299 2383 12 materials material NNS 12299 2383 13 of of IN 12299 2383 14 engineering engineering NN 12299 2383 15 . . . 12299 2384 1 New New NNP 12299 2384 2 York York NNP 12299 2384 3 , , , 12299 2384 4 1911 1911 CD 12299 2384 5 . . . 12299 2385 1 CHURCH CHURCH NNP 12299 2385 2 , , , 12299 2385 3 IRVING IRVING NNP 12299 2385 4 P. P. NNP 12299 2385 5 : : : 12299 2385 6 Mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2385 7 of of IN 12299 2385 8 engineering engineering NN 12299 2385 9 . . . 12299 2386 1 New New NNP 12299 2386 2 York York NNP 12299 2386 3 , , , 12299 2386 4 1911 1911 CD 12299 2386 5 . . . 12299 2387 1 HATFIELD HATFIELD NNP 12299 2387 2 , , , 12299 2387 3 R.G. R.G. NNP 12299 2388 1 : : : 12299 2388 2 Theory theory NN 12299 2388 3 of of IN 12299 2388 4 transverse transverse JJ 12299 2388 5 strain strain NN 12299 2388 6 . . . 12299 2389 1 1877 1877 CD 12299 2389 2 . . . 12299 2390 1 HATT HATT NNP 12299 2390 2 , , , 12299 2390 3 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 2390 4 , , , 12299 2390 5 and and CC 12299 2390 6 SCOFIELD SCOFIELD NNP 12299 2390 7 , , , 12299 2390 8 H.H. H.H. NNP 12299 2391 1 : : : 12299 2391 2 Laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2391 3 manual manual NN 12299 2391 4 of of IN 12299 2391 5 testing testing NN 12299 2391 6 materials material NNS 12299 2391 7 . . . 12299 2392 1 New New NNP 12299 2392 2 York York NNP 12299 2392 3 , , , 12299 2392 4 1913 1913 CD 12299 2392 5 . . . 12299 2393 1 JAMESON JAMESON NNP 12299 2393 2 , , , 12299 2393 3 J.M. J.M. NNP 12299 2394 1 : : : 12299 2394 2 Exercises exercise NNS 12299 2394 3 in in IN 12299 2394 4 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2394 5 . . . 12299 2395 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2395 2 Wiley Wiley NNP 12299 2395 3 technical technical JJ 12299 2395 4 series series NN 12299 2395 5 . . . 12299 2395 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2396 1 New New NNP 12299 2396 2 York York NNP 12299 2396 3 , , , 12299 2396 4 1913 1913 CD 12299 2396 5 . . . 12299 2397 1 JAMIESON JAMIESON NNP 12299 2397 2 , , , 12299 2397 3 ANDREW andrew NN 12299 2397 4 : : : 12299 2397 5 Strength strength NN 12299 2397 6 of of IN 12299 2397 7 materials material NNS 12299 2397 8 . . . 12299 2398 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2398 2 Applied applied JJ 12299 2398 3 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2398 4 and and CC 12299 2398 5 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2398 6 engineering engineering NN 12299 2398 7 , , , 12299 2398 8 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2398 9 . . . 12299 2399 1 II II NNP 12299 2399 2 . . . 12299 2399 3 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2400 1 London London NNP 12299 2400 2 , , , 12299 2400 3 1911 1911 CD 12299 2400 4 . . . 12299 2401 1 JOHNSON JOHNSON NNP 12299 2401 2 , , , 12299 2401 3 J.B. J.B. NNP 12299 2401 4 : : : 12299 2401 5 The the DT 12299 2401 6 materials material NNS 12299 2401 7 of of IN 12299 2401 8 construction construction NN 12299 2401 9 . . . 12299 2402 1 New New NNP 12299 2402 2 York York NNP 12299 2402 3 , , , 12299 2402 4 1910 1910 CD 12299 2402 5 . . . 12299 2403 1 KENT KENT NNP 12299 2403 2 , , , 12299 2403 3 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2403 4 : : : 12299 2403 5 The the DT 12299 2403 6 strength strength NN 12299 2403 7 of of IN 12299 2403 8 materials material NNS 12299 2403 9 . . . 12299 2404 1 New New NNP 12299 2404 2 York York NNP 12299 2404 3 , , , 12299 2404 4 1890 1890 CD 12299 2404 5 . . . 12299 2405 1 KOTTCAMP KOTTCAMP NNP 12299 2405 2 , , , 12299 2405 3 J.P. J.P. NNP 12299 2405 4 : : : 12299 2405 5 Exercises exercise NNS 12299 2405 6 for for IN 12299 2405 7 the the DT 12299 2405 8 applied apply VBN 12299 2405 9 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2405 10 laboratory laboratory NN 12299 2405 11 . . . 12299 2406 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2406 2 Wiley Wiley NNP 12299 2406 3 technical technical JJ 12299 2406 4 series series NN 12299 2406 5 . . . 12299 2406 6 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2407 1 New New NNP 12299 2407 2 York York NNP 12299 2407 3 , , , 12299 2407 4 1913 1913 CD 12299 2407 5 . . . 12299 2408 1 LANZA LANZA NNP 12299 2408 2 , , , 12299 2408 3 GAETANO GAETANO NNP 12299 2408 4 : : : 12299 2408 5 Applied apply VBN 12299 2408 6 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2408 7 . . . 12299 2409 1 New New NNP 12299 2409 2 York York NNP 12299 2409 3 , , , 12299 2409 4 1901 1901 CD 12299 2409 5 . . . 12299 2410 1 MERRIMAN MERRIMAN NNP 12299 2410 2 , , , 12299 2410 3 MANSFIELD MANSFIELD NNP 12299 2410 4 : : : 12299 2410 5 Mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2410 6 of of IN 12299 2410 7 materials material NNS 12299 2410 8 . . . 12299 2411 1 New New NNP 12299 2411 2 York York NNP 12299 2411 3 , , , 12299 2411 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2411 5 . . . 12299 2412 1 MURDOCK MURDOCK NNP 12299 2412 2 , , , 12299 2412 3 H.E. H.E. NNP 12299 2413 1 : : : 12299 2413 2 Strength strength NN 12299 2413 3 of of IN 12299 2413 4 materials material NNS 12299 2413 5 . . . 12299 2414 1 New New NNP 12299 2414 2 York York NNP 12299 2414 3 , , , 12299 2414 4 1911 1911 CD 12299 2414 5 . . . 12299 2415 1 RANKINE RANKINE NNP 12299 2415 2 , , , 12299 2415 3 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2415 4 J.M. J.M. NNP 12299 2416 1 : : : 12299 2416 2 A a DT 12299 2416 3 manual manual NN 12299 2416 4 of of IN 12299 2416 5 applied applied JJ 12299 2416 6 mechanics mechanic NNS 12299 2416 7 . . . 12299 2417 1 London London NNP 12299 2417 2 , , , 12299 2417 3 1901 1901 CD 12299 2417 4 . . . 12299 2418 1 THIL THIL NNP 12299 2418 2 , , , 12299 2418 3 A. a. NN 12299 2418 4 : : : 12299 2418 5 Conclusion Conclusion NNP 12299 2418 6 de de NNP 12299 2418 7 l'à l'à NNP 12299 2418 8 © © LS 12299 2418 9 tude tude NN 12299 2418 10 prà prà NNS 12299 2418 11 © © NNP 12299 2418 12 sentà sentà NNS 12299 2418 13 © © NNP 12299 2418 14 e e NN 12299 2418 15 à à NNP 12299 2418 16     _SP 12299 2418 17 la la NNP 12299 2418 18 Commission Commission NNP 12299 2418 19 des des NNP 12299 2418 20 mà mà NNP 12299 2418 21 © © NNP 12299 2418 22 thodes thode VBZ 12299 2418 23 d'essai d'essai NNP 12299 2418 24 des des NNP 12299 2418 25 matà matà NNP 12299 2418 26 © © NNP 12299 2418 27 riaux riaux NN 12299 2418 28 de de NN 12299 2418 29 construction construction NN 12299 2418 30 . . . 12299 2419 1 Paris Paris NNP 12299 2419 2 , , , 12299 2419 3 1900 1900 CD 12299 2419 4 . . . 12299 2420 1 THURSTON THURSTON NNP 12299 2420 2 , , , 12299 2420 3 ROBERT ROBERT NNP 12299 2420 4 H. H. NNP 12299 2420 5 : : : 12299 2420 6 A a DT 12299 2420 7 treatise treatise NN 12299 2420 8 on on IN 12299 2420 9 non non JJ 12299 2420 10 - - JJ 12299 2420 11 metallic metallic JJ 12299 2420 12 materials material NNS 12299 2420 13 of of IN 12299 2420 14 engineering engineering NN 12299 2420 15 : : : 12299 2420 16 stone stone NN 12299 2420 17 , , , 12299 2420 18 timber timber NN 12299 2420 19 , , , 12299 2420 20 fuel fuel NN 12299 2420 21 , , , 12299 2420 22 lubricants lubricant NNS 12299 2420 23 , , , 12299 2420 24 etc etc FW 12299 2420 25 . . . 12299 2421 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2421 2 Materials material NNS 12299 2421 3 of of IN 12299 2421 4 engineering engineering NN 12299 2421 5 , , , 12299 2421 6 Part Part NNP 12299 2421 7 I. I. NNP 12299 2421 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2422 1 New New NNP 12299 2422 2 York York NNP 12299 2422 3 , , , 12299 2422 4 1899 1899 CD 12299 2422 5 . . . 12299 2423 1 UNWIN UNWIN NNP 12299 2423 2 , , , 12299 2423 3 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2423 4 C. C. NNP 12299 2423 5 : : : 12299 2423 6 The the DT 12299 2423 7 testing testing NN 12299 2423 8 of of IN 12299 2423 9 materials material NNS 12299 2423 10 of of IN 12299 2423 11 construction construction NN 12299 2423 12 . . . 12299 2424 1 London London NNP 12299 2424 2 , , , 12299 2424 3 1899 1899 CD 12299 2424 4 . . . 12299 2425 1 WATERBURY WATERBURY NNP 12299 2425 2 , , , 12299 2425 3 L.A. L.A. NNP 12299 2425 4 : : : 12299 2425 5 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 12299 2425 6 manual manual NN 12299 2425 7 for for IN 12299 2425 8 testing testing NN 12299 2425 9 materials material NNS 12299 2425 10 of of IN 12299 2425 11 construction construction NN 12299 2425 12 . . . 12299 2426 1 New New NNP 12299 2426 2 York York NNP 12299 2426 3 , , , 12299 2426 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2426 5 . . . 12299 2427 1 WOOD wood NN 12299 2427 2 , , , 12299 2427 3 DEVOLSON devolson NN 12299 2427 4 : : : 12299 2427 5 A a DT 12299 2427 6 treatise treatise NN 12299 2427 7 on on IN 12299 2427 8 the the DT 12299 2427 9 resistance resistance NN 12299 2427 10 of of IN 12299 2427 11 materials material NNS 12299 2427 12 . . . 12299 2428 1 New New NNP 12299 2428 2 York York NNP 12299 2428 3 , , , 12299 2428 4 1897 1897 CD 12299 2428 5 . . . 12299 2429 1 PART PART NNP 12299 2429 2 II ii CD 12299 2429 3 . . . 12299 2430 1 PUBLICATIONS publication NNS 12299 2430 2 AND and CC 12299 2430 3 ARTICLES articles NN 12299 2430 4 ON on IN 12299 2430 5 THE the DT 12299 2430 6 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 2430 7 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 2430 8 OF of IN 12299 2430 9 WOOD wood NN 12299 2430 10 , , , 12299 2430 11 AND and CC 12299 2430 12 TIMBER timber NN 12299 2430 13 TESTING testing NN 12299 2430 14 ABBOT ABBOT NNP 12299 2430 15 , , , 12299 2430 16 ARTHUR ARTHUR NNP 12299 2430 17 V. V. NNP 12299 2430 18 : : : 12299 2430 19 Testing testing NN 12299 2430 20 machines machine NNS 12299 2430 21 , , , 12299 2430 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2430 23 history history NN 12299 2430 24 , , , 12299 2430 25 construction construction NN 12299 2430 26 and and CC 12299 2430 27 use use NN 12299 2430 28 . . . 12299 2431 1 Van Van NNP 12299 2431 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP 12299 2431 3 's 's POS 12299 2431 4 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2431 5 . . . 12299 2432 1 Mag Mag NNP 12299 2432 2 . . . 12299 2432 3 , , , 12299 2432 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2432 5 . . . 12299 2433 1 XXX XXX NNP 12299 2433 2 , , , 12299 2433 3 1884 1884 CD 12299 2433 4 , , , 12299 2433 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2433 6 . . . 12299 2434 1 204 204 CD 12299 2434 2 - - SYM 12299 2434 3 214 214 CD 12299 2434 4 ; ; : 12299 2434 5 325 325 CD 12299 2434 6 - - SYM 12299 2434 7 344 344 CD 12299 2434 8 ; ; : 12299 2434 9 382 382 CD 12299 2434 10 - - SYM 12299 2434 11 397 397 CD 12299 2434 12 ; ; : 12299 2434 13 477 477 CD 12299 2434 14 - - SYM 12299 2434 15 490 490 CD 12299 2434 16 . . . 12299 2435 1 ADAMS ADAMS NNP 12299 2435 2 , , , 12299 2435 3 E.E. E.E. NNP 12299 2436 1 : : : 12299 2436 2 Tests test NNS 12299 2436 3 to to TO 12299 2436 4 determine determine VB 12299 2436 5 the the DT 12299 2436 6 strength strength NN 12299 2436 7 of of IN 12299 2436 8 bolted bolt VBN 12299 2436 9 timber timber NN 12299 2436 10 joints joint NNS 12299 2436 11 . . . 12299 2437 1 Cal cal UH 12299 2437 2 . . . 12299 2438 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2438 2 , , , 12299 2438 3 of of IN 12299 2438 4 Technology Technology NNP 12299 2438 5 , , , 12299 2438 6 Sept. September NNP 12299 2438 7 , , , 12299 2438 8 1904 1904 CD 12299 2438 9 . . . 12299 2439 1 ALVAREZ ALVAREZ NNP 12299 2439 2 , , , 12299 2439 3 ARTHUR ARTHUR NNP 12299 2439 4 C. C. NNP 12299 2439 5 : : : 12299 2439 6 The the DT 12299 2439 7 strength strength NN 12299 2439 8 of of IN 12299 2439 9 long long RB 12299 2439 10 seasoned season VBN 12299 2439 11 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2439 12 fir fir NN 12299 2439 13 and and CC 12299 2439 14 redwood redwood NN 12299 2439 15 . . . 12299 2440 1 Univ Univ NNP 12299 2440 2 . . . 12299 2441 1 of of IN 12299 2441 2 Cal Cal NNP 12299 2441 3 . . . 12299 2442 1 Pub pub RB 12299 2442 2 . . . 12299 2443 1 in in IN 12299 2443 2 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2443 3 . . NNP 12299 2443 4 , , , 12299 2443 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2443 6 . . . 12299 2444 1 I -PRON- PRP 12299 2444 2 , , , 12299 2444 3 No no UH 12299 2444 4 . . . 12299 2445 1 2 2 LS 12299 2445 2 , , , 12299 2445 3 Berkeley Berkeley NNP 12299 2445 4 , , , 12299 2445 5 1913 1913 CD 12299 2445 6 , , , 12299 2445 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2445 8 . . . 12299 2446 1 11 11 CD 12299 2446 2 - - SYM 12299 2446 3 20 20 CD 12299 2446 4 . . . 12299 2447 1 BARLOW BARLOW NNP 12299 2447 2 , , , 12299 2447 3 PETER PETER NNP 12299 2447 4 : : : 12299 2447 5 An an DT 12299 2447 6 essay essay NN 12299 2447 7 on on IN 12299 2447 8 the the DT 12299 2447 9 strength strength NN 12299 2447 10 and and CC 12299 2447 11 stress stress NN 12299 2447 12 of of IN 12299 2447 13 timber timber NN 12299 2447 14 . . . 12299 2448 1 London London NNP 12299 2448 2 , , , 12299 2448 3 1817 1817 CD 12299 2448 4 ; ; : 12299 2448 5 3d 3d NNP 12299 2448 6 ed ed NNP 12299 2448 7 . . NNP 12299 2448 8 , , , 12299 2448 9 1826 1826 CD 12299 2448 10 . . . 12299 2449 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2449 2 : : : 12299 2449 3 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 2449 4 on on IN 12299 2449 5 the the DT 12299 2449 6 strength strength NN 12299 2449 7 of of IN 12299 2449 8 different different JJ 12299 2449 9 kinds kind NNS 12299 2449 10 of of IN 12299 2449 11 wood wood NN 12299 2449 12 made make VBN 12299 2449 13 in in IN 12299 2449 14 the the DT 12299 2449 15 carriage carriage NN 12299 2449 16 department department NN 12299 2449 17 , , , 12299 2449 18 Royal Royal NNP 12299 2449 19 Arsenal Arsenal NNP 12299 2449 20 , , , 12299 2449 21 Woolwich Woolwich NNP 12299 2449 22 . . . 12299 2450 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2450 2 . . . 12299 2451 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2451 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2451 3 . . . 12299 2451 4 , , , 12299 2451 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2451 6 . . . 12299 2452 1 X X NNS 12299 2452 2 , , , 12299 2452 3 1832 1832 CD 12299 2452 4 , , , 12299 2452 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2452 6 . . . 12299 2453 1 49 49 CD 12299 2453 2 - - SYM 12299 2453 3 52 52 CD 12299 2453 4 . . . 12299 2454 1 Reprinted reprint VBN 12299 2454 2 from from IN 12299 2454 3 Philosophical Philosophical NNP 12299 2454 4 Mag Mag NNP 12299 2454 5 . . . 12299 2455 1 and and CC 12299 2455 2 Annals Annals NNPS 12299 2455 3 of of IN 12299 2455 4 Philos Philos NNP 12299 2455 5 . . . 12299 2455 6 , , , 12299 2455 7 No no UH 12299 2455 8 . . . 12299 2456 1 63 63 CD 12299 2456 2 , , , 12299 2456 3 Mch Mch NNP 12299 2456 4 . . NNP 12299 2456 5 , , , 12299 2456 6 1832 1832 CD 12299 2456 7 . . . 12299 2457 1 BATES BATES NNP 12299 2457 2 , , , 12299 2457 3 ONWARD onward JJ 12299 2457 4 : : : 12299 2457 5 Pine pine JJ 12299 2457 6 stringers stringer NNS 12299 2457 7 and and CC 12299 2457 8 floorbeams floorbeam NNS 12299 2457 9 for for IN 12299 2457 10 bridges bridge NNS 12299 2457 11 . . . 12299 2458 1 Trans tran NNS 12299 2458 2 . . . 12299 2459 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2459 2 . . . 12299 2460 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2460 2 . . . 12299 2461 1 C.E. C.E. NNP 12299 2461 2 , , , 12299 2461 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2461 4 . . . 12299 2462 1 XXIII XXIII NNP 12299 2462 2 . . . 12299 2463 1 BAUSCHINGER BAUSCHINGER NNP 12299 2463 2 , , , 12299 2463 3 JOHANN JOHANN NNP 12299 2463 4 : : : 12299 2463 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2463 6 über über NNS 12299 2463 7 die die VBP 12299 2463 8 Elasticität Elasticität NNS 12299 2463 9 und und JJ 12299 2463 10 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2463 11 von von NNP 12299 2463 12 Fichten- Fichten- NNP 12299 2463 13 und und NN 12299 2463 14 Kiefernbauhölzern kiefernbauhã¶lzern NN 12299 2463 15 . . . 12299 2464 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2464 2 . . . 12299 2465 1 a. a. NNP 12299 2465 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2465 3 mech.-tech mech.-tech NNP 12299 2465 4 . . . 12299 2466 1 Laboratorium Laboratorium NNP 12299 2466 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2466 3 k. k. NNP 12299 2466 4 techn techn NNP 12299 2466 5 . . . 12299 2467 1 Hochschule Hochschule NNP 12299 2467 2 in in IN 12299 2467 3 München München NNP 12299 2467 4 , , , 12299 2467 5 9 9 CD 12299 2467 6 . . . 12299 2468 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2468 2 . . . 12299 2468 3 , , , 12299 2468 4 München München NNP 12299 2468 5 , , , 12299 2468 6 1883 1883 CD 12299 2468 7 . . . 12299 2469 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2469 2 : : : 12299 2469 3 Verhandlungen Verhandlungen NNP 12299 2469 4 der der NN 12299 2469 5 Münchener Münchener NNP 12299 2469 6 Conferenz Conferenz NNP 12299 2469 7 und und JJ 12299 2469 8 der der NNP 12299 2469 9 von von NNP 12299 2469 10 ihr ihr RB 12299 2469 11 gewählten gewählten VBD 12299 2469 12 ständigen ständigen NNP 12299 2469 13 Commission Commission NNP 12299 2469 14 zur zur NN 12299 2469 15 Vereinbarung Vereinbarung NNP 12299 2469 16 einheitlicher einheitlicher VBD 12299 2469 17 Prüfungsmethoden prã¼fungsmethoden CD 12299 2469 18 für für NNP 12299 2469 19 Bau- Bau- NNP 12299 2469 20 und und JJ 12299 2469 21 Constructions construction NNS 12299 2469 22 - - HYPH 12299 2469 23 material material NN 12299 2469 24 . . . 12299 2470 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2470 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 2470 3 . . . 12299 2470 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2470 5 , , , 12299 2470 6 14 14 CD 12299 2470 7 . . . 12299 2471 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2471 2 . . . 12299 2471 3 , , , 12299 2471 4 1886 1886 CD 12299 2471 5 . . . 12299 2472 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2472 2 : : : 12299 2472 3 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2472 4 über über NNS 12299 2472 5 die die VBP 12299 2472 6 Elasticität Elasticität NNS 12299 2472 7 und und JJ 12299 2472 8 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2472 9 verschiedener verschiedener NNP 12299 2472 10 Nadelhölzer nadelhã¶lzer CD 12299 2472 11 . . . 12299 2473 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2473 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 2473 3 . . . 12299 2473 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2473 5 , , , 12299 2473 6 16 16 CD 12299 2473 7 . . . 12299 2474 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2474 2 . . . 12299 2474 3 , , , 12299 2474 4 1887 1887 CD 12299 2474 5 . . . 12299 2475 1 BEARE BEARE NNP 12299 2475 2 , , , 12299 2475 3 T. t. NN 12299 2475 4 HUDSON hudson NN 12299 2475 5 : : : 12299 2475 6 Timber timber NN 12299 2475 7 : : : 12299 2475 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2475 9 strength strength NN 12299 2475 10 and and CC 12299 2475 11 how how WRB 12299 2475 12 to to TO 12299 2475 13 test test VB 12299 2475 14 it -PRON- PRP 12299 2475 15 . . . 12299 2476 1 Engineering engineering NN 12299 2476 2 , , , 12299 2476 3 London London NNP 12299 2476 4 , , , 12299 2476 5 Dec. December NNP 12299 2476 6 9 9 CD 12299 2476 7 , , , 12299 2476 8 1904 1904 CD 12299 2476 9 . . . 12299 2477 1 BEAUVERIE BEAUVERIE NNP 12299 2477 2 , , , 12299 2477 3 J. J. NNP 12299 2477 4 : : : 12299 2477 5 Le Le NNP 12299 2477 6 bois bois NNP 12299 2477 7 . . . 12299 2478 1 I. I. NNP 12299 2478 2 Paris Paris NNP 12299 2478 3 , , , 12299 2478 4 1905 1905 CD 12299 2478 5 , , , 12299 2478 6 pp pp NNP 12299 2478 7 . . . 12299 2479 1 105 105 CD 12299 2479 2 - - SYM 12299 2479 3 185 185 CD 12299 2479 4 . . . 12299 2480 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2480 2 : : : 12299 2480 3 Les Les NNP 12299 2480 4 bois bois NNP 12299 2480 5 industriels industriel NNS 12299 2480 6 . . . 12299 2481 1 Paris Paris NNP 12299 2481 2 , , , 12299 2481 3 1910 1910 CD 12299 2481 4 , , , 12299 2481 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2481 6 . . . 12299 2482 1 55 55 CD 12299 2482 2 - - SYM 12299 2482 3 77 77 CD 12299 2482 4 . . . 12299 2483 1 Bending bend VBG 12299 2483 2 tests test NNS 12299 2483 3 with with IN 12299 2483 4 wood wood NN 12299 2483 5 , , , 12299 2483 6 executed execute VBN 12299 2483 7 at at IN 12299 2483 8 the the DT 12299 2483 9 Danish Danish NNP 12299 2483 10 State State NNP 12299 2483 11 Testing Testing NNP 12299 2483 12 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 12299 2483 13 , , , 12299 2483 14 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP 12299 2483 15 . . . 12299 2484 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2484 2 . . . 12299 2485 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2485 2 . . . 12299 2486 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2486 2 . . . 12299 2487 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2487 2 . . . 12299 2488 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2488 2 . . NNP 12299 2488 3 , , , 12299 2488 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2488 5 , , , 12299 2488 6 XXIII_{2 XXIII_{2 NNP 12299 2488 7 } } -RRB- 12299 2488 8 , , , 12299 2488 9 pp pp NNP 12299 2488 10 . . . 12299 2489 1 17 17 CD 12299 2489 2 . . . 12299 2490 1 See see VB 12299 2490 2 also also RB 12299 2490 3 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2490 4 . . . 12299 2491 1 Record Record NNP 12299 2491 2 , , , 12299 2491 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2491 4 . . . 12299 2492 1 LXVI LXVI NNP 12299 2492 2 , , , 12299 2492 3 1912 1912 CD 12299 2492 4 , , , 12299 2492 5 p. p. NN 12299 2492 6 269 269 CD 12299 2492 7 . . . 12299 2493 1 BERG BERG NNP 12299 2493 2 , , , 12299 2493 3 WALTER WALTER NNP 12299 2493 4 G. G. NNP 12299 2493 5 : : : 12299 2493 6 Berg Berg NNP 12299 2493 7 's 's POS 12299 2493 8 complete complete JJ 12299 2493 9 timber timber NN 12299 2493 10 test test NN 12299 2493 11 record record NN 12299 2493 12 . . . 12299 2494 1 Chicago Chicago NNP 12299 2494 2 , , , 12299 2494 3 1899 1899 CD 12299 2494 4 . . . 12299 2495 1 Reprint reprint VB 12299 2495 2 from from IN 12299 2495 3 Am Am NNP 12299 2495 4 . . . 12299 2496 1 By by RB 12299 2496 2 . . . 12299 2497 1 Bridges bridge NNS 12299 2497 2 and and CC 12299 2497 3 Buildings building NNS 12299 2497 4 . . . 12299 2498 1 BOULGER BOULGER NNP 12299 2498 2 , , , 12299 2498 3 G.S. G.S. NNP 12299 2499 1 : : : 12299 2499 2 Wood wood NN 12299 2499 3 . . . 12299 2500 1 London London NNP 12299 2500 2 , , , 12299 2500 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 2500 4 , , , 12299 2500 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2500 6 . . . 12299 2501 1 112 112 CD 12299 2501 2 - - SYM 12299 2501 3 121 121 CD 12299 2501 4 . . . 12299 2502 1 BOUNICEAU,-- BOUNICEAU,-- NNP 12299 2502 2 : : : 12299 2502 3 Note note VB 12299 2502 4 et et NN 12299 2502 5 expà expã CD 12299 2502 6 © © NNP 12299 2502 7 riences rience VBZ 12299 2502 8 sur sur NNP 12299 2502 9 la la FW 12299 2502 10 torsion torsion NNP 12299 2502 11 des des NNP 12299 2502 12 bois bois NNP 12299 2502 13 . . . 12299 2503 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2503 2 N.p N.p NNP 12299 2503 3 . . NNP 12299 2503 4 , , , 12299 2503 5 n.d n.d NNP 12299 2503 6 . . . 12299 2503 7 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2503 8 BOVEY BOVEY NNP 12299 2503 9 , , , 12299 2503 10 HENRY HENRY NNP 12299 2503 11 T. t. NN 12299 2503 12 : : : 12299 2503 13 Results result NNS 12299 2503 14 of of IN 12299 2503 15 experiments experiment NNS 12299 2503 16 at at IN 12299 2503 17 McGill McGill NNP 12299 2503 18 University University NNP 12299 2503 19 , , , 12299 2503 20 Montreal Montreal NNP 12299 2503 21 , , , 12299 2503 22 on on IN 12299 2503 23 the the DT 12299 2503 24 strength strength NN 12299 2503 25 of of IN 12299 2503 26 Canadian Canadian NNP 12299 2503 27 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2503 28 fir fir NN 12299 2503 29 , , , 12299 2503 30 red red JJ 12299 2503 31 pine pine NN 12299 2503 32 , , , 12299 2503 33 white white JJ 12299 2503 34 pine pine NN 12299 2503 35 , , , 12299 2503 36 and and CC 12299 2503 37 spruce spruce VB 12299 2503 38 . . . 12299 2504 1 Trans tran NNS 12299 2504 2 . . . 12299 2505 1 Can Can MD 12299 2505 2 . . . 12299 2506 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2506 2 . . . 12299 2507 1 C.E. C.E. NNP 12299 2507 2 , , , 12299 2507 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2507 4 . . . 12299 2508 1 IX ix NN 12299 2508 2 , , , 12299 2508 3 Part Part NNP 12299 2508 4 I i CD 12299 2508 5 , , , 12299 2508 6 1895 1895 CD 12299 2508 7 , , , 12299 2508 8 pp pp NNP 12299 2508 9 . . . 12299 2509 1 69 69 CD 12299 2509 2 - - SYM 12299 2509 3 236 236 CD 12299 2509 4 . . . 12299 2510 1 BREUIL BREUIL NNP 12299 2510 2 , , , 12299 2510 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2510 4 PIERRE PIERRE NNP 12299 2510 5 : : : 12299 2510 6 Contribution contribution NN 12299 2510 7 to to IN 12299 2510 8 the the DT 12299 2510 9 discussion discussion NN 12299 2510 10 on on IN 12299 2510 11 the the DT 12299 2510 12 testing testing NN 12299 2510 13 of of IN 12299 2510 14 wood wood NN 12299 2510 15 . . . 12299 2511 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2511 2 . . . 12299 2512 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2512 2 . . . 12299 2513 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2513 2 . . . 12299 2514 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2514 2 . . . 12299 2515 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2515 2 . . NNP 12299 2515 3 , , , 12299 2515 4 1906 1906 CD 12299 2515 5 , , , 12299 2515 6 Disc Disc NNP 12299 2515 7 , , , 12299 2515 8 1_e 1_e CD 12299 2515 9 _ _ NNP 12299 2515 10 , , , 12299 2515 11 pp pp NNP 12299 2515 12 . . . 12299 2516 1 2 2 LS 12299 2516 2 . . . 12299 2517 1 BROWN BROWN NNP 12299 2517 2 , , , 12299 2517 3 T.S. T.S. NNP 12299 2518 1 : : : 12299 2518 2 An an DT 12299 2518 3 Account Account NNP 12299 2518 4 of of IN 12299 2518 5 some some DT 12299 2518 6 experiments experiment NNS 12299 2518 7 made make VBN 12299 2518 8 by by IN 12299 2518 9 order order NN 12299 2518 10 of of IN 12299 2518 11 Col Col NNP 12299 2518 12 . . NNP 12299 2518 13 Totten Totten NNP 12299 2518 14 , , , 12299 2518 15 at at IN 12299 2518 16 Fort Fort NNP 12299 2518 17 Adams Adams NNP 12299 2518 18 , , , 12299 2518 19 Newport Newport NNP 12299 2518 20 , , , 12299 2518 21 R.I. R.I. NNP 12299 2518 22 , , , 12299 2518 23 to to TO 12299 2518 24 ascertain ascertain VB 12299 2518 25 the the DT 12299 2518 26 relative relative JJ 12299 2518 27 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 2518 28 and and CC 12299 2518 29 strength strength NN 12299 2518 30 of of IN 12299 2518 31 the the DT 12299 2518 32 following follow VBG 12299 2518 33 kinds kind NNS 12299 2518 34 of of IN 12299 2518 35 timber timber NN 12299 2518 36 , , , 12299 2518 37 viz viz NN 12299 2518 38 . . . 12299 2519 1 : : : 12299 2519 2 white white NNP 12299 2519 3 pine pine NNP 12299 2519 4 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2519 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2519 6 Pinus Pinus NNP 12299 2519 7 strobus strobus NNP 12299 2519 8 _ _ NNP 12299 2519 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2519 10 , , , 12299 2519 11 spruce spruce NN 12299 2519 12 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2519 13 _ _ NNP 12299 2519 14 Abies Abies NNP 12299 2519 15 nigra nigra NN 12299 2519 16 _ _ NNP 12299 2519 17 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2519 18 , , , 12299 2519 19 and and CC 12299 2519 20 southern southern JJ 12299 2519 21 pine pine NN 12299 2519 22 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2519 23 _ _ NNP 12299 2519 24 Pinus Pinus NNP 12299 2519 25 australis australis NNP 12299 2519 26 _ _ NNP 12299 2519 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2519 28 , , , 12299 2519 29 also also RB 12299 2519 30 called call VBD 12299 2519 31 long long RB 12299 2519 32 - - HYPH 12299 2519 33 leaved leave VBN 12299 2519 34 pine pine NN 12299 2519 35 . . . 12299 2520 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2520 2 . . . 12299 2521 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2521 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2521 3 . . . 12299 2521 4 , , , 12299 2521 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2521 6 . . . 12299 2522 1 VII VII NNP 12299 2522 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2522 3 n.s n.s NNP 12299 2522 4 . . . 12299 2523 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2523 2 , , , 12299 2523 3 1831 1831 CD 12299 2523 4 , , , 12299 2523 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2523 6 . . . 12299 2524 1 230 230 CD 12299 2524 2 - - SYM 12299 2524 3 238 238 CD 12299 2524 4 . . . 12299 2525 1 BUCHANAN BUCHANAN NNP 12299 2525 2 , , , 12299 2525 3 C.P. C.P. NNP 12299 2526 1 : : : 12299 2526 2 Some some DT 12299 2526 3 tests test NNS 12299 2526 4 of of IN 12299 2526 5 old old JJ 12299 2526 6 timber timber NN 12299 2526 7 . . . 12299 2527 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2527 2 . . . 12299 2528 1 News News NNP 12299 2528 2 , , , 12299 2528 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2528 4 . . . 12299 2529 1 LXIV LXIV NNP 12299 2529 2 , , , 12299 2529 3 No no UH 12299 2529 4 . . . 12299 2530 1 23 23 CD 12299 2530 2 , , , 12299 2530 3 1910 1910 CD 12299 2530 4 , , , 12299 2530 5 p. p. NN 12299 2530 6 67 67 CD 12299 2530 7 . . . 12299 2531 1 BUSGEN BUSGEN NNP 12299 2531 2 , , , 12299 2531 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2531 4 : : : 12299 2531 5 Zur Zur NNP 12299 2531 6 Bestimmung Bestimmung NNP 12299 2531 7 der der VBP 12299 2531 8 Holzhärten holzhã¤rten RB 12299 2531 9 . . . 12299 2532 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12299 2532 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2532 3 Forst- Forst- NNP 12299 2532 4 und und NN 12299 2532 5 Jagdwesen Jagdwesen NNP 12299 2532 6 . . . 12299 2533 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 2533 2 , , , 12299 2533 3 1904 1904 CD 12299 2533 4 , , , 12299 2533 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2533 6 . . . 12299 2534 1 543 543 CD 12299 2534 2 - - SYM 12299 2534 3 562 562 CD 12299 2534 4 . . . 12299 2535 1 CHEVANDIER CHEVANDIER NNP 12299 2535 2 , , , 12299 2535 3 E. E. NNP 12299 2535 4 , , , 12299 2535 5 et et NN 12299 2535 6 WERTHEIM WERTHEIM NNP 12299 2535 7 , , , 12299 2535 8 G. G. NNP 12299 2535 9 : : : 12299 2535 10 Mà Mà NNP 12299 2535 11 © © NNP 12299 2535 12 moire moire NN 12299 2535 13 sur sur FW 12299 2535 14 les les NNP 12299 2535 15 proprià proprià NNP 12299 2535 16 © © NNP 12299 2535 17 tà tà NNP 12299 2535 18 © © NNP 12299 2535 19 s s NN 12299 2535 20 mà mà NNP 12299 2535 21 © © NNP 12299 2535 22 caniques canique NNS 12299 2535 23 du du NNP 12299 2535 24 bois bois NNP 12299 2535 25 . . . 12299 2536 1 Paris Paris NNP 12299 2536 2 , , , 12299 2536 3 1846 1846 CD 12299 2536 4 . . . 12299 2537 1 CIESLAR CIESLAR NNP 12299 2537 2 , , , 12299 2537 3 A. a. NN 12299 2537 4 : : : 12299 2537 5 Studien Studien NNP 12299 2537 6 über über NNS 12299 2537 7 die die VBP 12299 2537 8 Qualität Qualität NNPS 12299 2537 9 rasch rasch NN 12299 2537 10 erwachsenen erwachsenen NN 12299 2537 11 Fichtenholzes fichtenholze NNS 12299 2537 12 . . . 12299 2538 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 12299 2538 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2538 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2538 4 ges ges NNP 12299 2538 5 . . . 12299 2539 1 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2539 2 , , , 12299 2539 3 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2539 4 , , , 12299 2539 5 1902 1902 CD 12299 2539 6 , , , 12299 2539 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2539 8 . . . 12299 2540 1 337 337 CD 12299 2540 2 - - SYM 12299 2540 3 403 403 CD 12299 2540 4 . . . 12299 2541 1 CLINE CLINE NNP 12299 2541 2 , , , 12299 2541 3 McGARVEY McGARVEY NNP 12299 2541 4 : : : 12299 2541 5 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2541 6 Service Service NNP 12299 2541 7 investigations investigation NNS 12299 2541 8 of of IN 12299 2541 9 American american JJ 12299 2541 10 woods wood NNS 12299 2541 11 with with IN 12299 2541 12 special special JJ 12299 2541 13 reference reference NN 12299 2541 14 to to IN 12299 2541 15 investigations investigation NNS 12299 2541 16 of of IN 12299 2541 17 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2541 18 properties property NNS 12299 2541 19 . . . 12299 2542 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2542 2 . . . 12299 2543 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2543 2 . . . 12299 2544 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2544 2 . . . 12299 2545 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2545 2 . . . 12299 2546 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2546 2 . . NNP 12299 2546 3 , , , 12299 2546 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2546 5 , , , 12299 2546 6 XXIII_{5 XXIII_{5 NNP 12299 2546 7 } } -RRB- 12299 2546 8 , , , 12299 2546 9 pp pp NNP 12299 2546 10 . . . 12299 2547 1 17 17 CD 12299 2547 2 . . . 12299 2548 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2548 2 : : : 12299 2548 3 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2548 4 Service Service NNP 12299 2548 5 tests test VBZ 12299 2548 6 to to TO 12299 2548 7 determine determine VB 12299 2548 8 the the DT 12299 2548 9 influence influence NN 12299 2548 10 of of IN 12299 2548 11 different different JJ 12299 2548 12 methods method NNS 12299 2548 13 and and CC 12299 2548 14 rates rate NNS 12299 2548 15 of of IN 12299 2548 16 loading load VBG 12299 2548 17 on on IN 12299 2548 18 the the DT 12299 2548 19 strength strength NN 12299 2548 20 and and CC 12299 2548 21 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 2548 22 of of IN 12299 2548 23 timber timber NN 12299 2548 24 . . . 12299 2549 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2549 2 . . . 12299 2550 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2550 2 . . . 12299 2551 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2551 2 . . . 12299 2552 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2552 2 . . . 12299 2553 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2553 2 . . NNP 12299 2553 3 , , , 12299 2553 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2553 5 . . . 12299 2554 1 VIII VIII NNP 12299 2554 2 , , , 12299 2554 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 2554 4 , , , 12299 2554 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2554 6 . . . 12299 2555 1 535 535 CD 12299 2555 2 - - HYPH 12299 2555 3 540 540 CD 12299 2555 4 . . . 12299 2556 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2556 2 : : : 12299 2556 3 The the DT 12299 2556 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2556 5 Products Products NNPS 12299 2556 6 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 12299 2556 7 : : : 12299 2556 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2556 9 purpose purpose NN 12299 2556 10 and and CC 12299 2556 11 work work NN 12299 2556 12 . . . 12299 2557 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2557 2 . . . 12299 2558 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2558 2 . . . 12299 2559 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2559 2 . . . 12299 2560 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2560 2 . . . 12299 2561 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2561 2 . . NNP 12299 2561 3 , , , 12299 2561 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2561 5 . . . 12299 2562 1 X X NNP 12299 2562 2 , , , 12299 2562 3 1910 1910 CD 12299 2562 4 , , , 12299 2562 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2562 6 . . . 12299 2563 1 477 477 CD 12299 2563 2 - - SYM 12299 2563 3 489 489 CD 12299 2563 4 . . . 12299 2564 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2564 2 : : : 12299 2564 3 Specifications specification NNS 12299 2564 4 and and CC 12299 2564 5 grading grade VBG 12299 2564 6 rules rule NNS 12299 2564 7 for for IN 12299 2564 8 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 2564 9 fir fir NN 12299 2564 10 timber timber NN 12299 2564 11 : : : 12299 2564 12 an an DT 12299 2564 13 analysis analysis NN 12299 2564 14 of of IN 12299 2564 15 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2564 16 Service Service NNP 12299 2564 17 tests test NNS 12299 2564 18 on on IN 12299 2564 19 structural structural JJ 12299 2564 20 timbers timber NNS 12299 2564 21 . . . 12299 2565 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2565 2 . . . 12299 2566 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2566 2 . . . 12299 2567 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2567 2 . . . 12299 2568 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2568 2 . . . 12299 2569 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2569 2 . . NNP 12299 2569 3 , , , 12299 2569 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2569 5 . . . 12299 2570 1 XI XI NNP 12299 2570 2 , , , 12299 2570 3 1911 1911 CD 12299 2570 4 , , , 12299 2570 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2570 6 . . . 12299 2571 1 744 744 CD 12299 2571 2 - - HYPH 12299 2571 3 766 766 CD 12299 2571 4 . . . 12299 2572 1 Comparative comparative JJ 12299 2572 2 strength strength NN 12299 2572 3 and and CC 12299 2572 4 resistance resistance NN 12299 2572 5 of of IN 12299 2572 6 various various JJ 12299 2572 7 tie tie NN 12299 2572 8 timbers timber NNS 12299 2572 9 . . . 12299 2573 1 Elec Elec NNP 12299 2573 2 . . . 12299 2574 1 Traction Traction NNP 12299 2574 2 Weekly Weekly NNP 12299 2574 3 , , , 12299 2574 4 Chicago Chicago NNP 12299 2574 5 , , , 12299 2574 6 June June NNP 12299 2574 7 15 15 CD 12299 2574 8 , , , 12299 2574 9 1912 1912 CD 12299 2574 10 . . . 12299 2575 1 DAY DAY NNP 12299 2575 2 , , , 12299 2575 3 FRANK FRANK NNP 12299 2575 4 M. M. NNP 12299 2575 5 : : : 12299 2575 6 Microscopic microscopic JJ 12299 2575 7 examination examination NN 12299 2575 8 of of IN 12299 2575 9 timber timber NN 12299 2575 10 with with IN 12299 2575 11 regard regard NN 12299 2575 12 to to IN 12299 2575 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2575 14 strength strength NN 12299 2575 15 . . . 12299 2576 1 1883 1883 CD 12299 2576 2 , , , 12299 2576 3 pp pp NNP 12299 2576 4 . . . 12299 2577 1 6 6 CD 12299 2577 2 . . . 12299 2578 1 DEWELL DEWELL NNP 12299 2578 2 , , , 12299 2578 3 H.D. H.D. NNP 12299 2579 1 : : : 12299 2579 2 Tests test NNS 12299 2579 3 of of IN 12299 2579 4 some some DT 12299 2579 5 joints joint NNS 12299 2579 6 used use VBN 12299 2579 7 in in IN 12299 2579 8 heavy heavy JJ 12299 2579 9 timber timber NN 12299 2579 10 framing framing NN 12299 2579 11 . . . 12299 2580 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2580 2 . . . 12299 2581 1 News news NN 12299 2581 2 , , , 12299 2581 3 Mch Mch NNP 12299 2581 4 . . . 12299 2582 1 19 19 CD 12299 2582 2 , , , 12299 2582 3 1914 1914 CD 12299 2582 4 , , , 12299 2582 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2582 6 . . . 12299 2583 1 594 594 CD 12299 2583 2 - - SYM 12299 2583 3 598 598 CD 12299 2583 4 ; ; : 12299 2583 5 _ _ NNP 12299 2583 6 et et NNP 12299 2583 7 seq seq NN 12299 2583 8 . . . 12299 2583 9 _ _ NNP 12299 2583 10 Dà Dà NNP 12299 2583 11 � � NNP 12299 2583 12 RR RR NNP 12299 2583 13 , , , 12299 2583 14 KARL KARL NNP 12299 2583 15 : : : 12299 2583 16 Die Die NNP 12299 2583 17 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2583 18 von von NNP 12299 2583 19 Fichten- Fichten- NNP 12299 2583 20 und und NN 12299 2583 21 Kiefernholz Kiefernholz NNP 12299 2583 22 . . . 12299 2584 1 Deutsche Deutsche NNP 12299 2584 2 Bauzeitung Bauzeitung NNP 12299 2584 3 , , , 12299 2584 4 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 2584 5 , , , 12299 2584 6 Aug. August NNP 12299 2584 7 17 17 CD 12299 2584 8 , , , 12299 2584 9 1910 1910 CD 12299 2584 10 . . . 12299 2585 1 See see VB 12299 2585 2 also also RB 12299 2585 3 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12299 2585 4 d. d. NNP 12299 2585 5 ver ver RB 12299 2585 6 . . . 12299 2586 1 deutsch deutsch NNP 12299 2586 2 . . . 12299 2587 1 Ing Ing NNP 12299 2587 2 . . NNP 12299 2587 3 , , , 12299 2587 4 Bd Bd NNP 12299 2587 5 . . . 12299 2588 1 54 54 CD 12299 2588 2 , , , 12299 2588 3 Nr Nr NNP 12299 2588 4 . . . 12299 2589 1 36 36 CD 12299 2589 2 , , , 12299 2589 3 1910 1910 CD 12299 2589 4 , , , 12299 2589 5 p. p. NN 12299 2589 6 1503 1503 CD 12299 2589 7 . . . 12299 2590 1 DUPIN DUPIN NNP 12299 2590 2 , , , 12299 2590 3 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 12299 2590 4 : : : 12299 2590 5 Expà Expà NNP 12299 2590 6 © © NNP 12299 2590 7 riences rience VBZ 12299 2590 8 sur sur NNP 12299 2590 9 la la NNP 12299 2590 10 flexibilità flexibilità NNP 12299 2590 11 © © NNP 12299 2590 12 , , , 12299 2590 13 la la NNP 12299 2590 14 force force NNP 12299 2590 15 , , , 12299 2590 16 et et NNP 12299 2590 17 l'à l'à NNP 12299 2590 18 © © NNP 12299 2590 19 lasticità lasticità NNP 12299 2590 20 © © NNP 12299 2590 21 des des NNP 12299 2590 22 bois bois NNP 12299 2590 23 . . . 12299 2591 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2591 2 , , , 12299 2591 3 de de NNP 12299 2591 4 l'à l'à NNP 12299 2591 5 � � NNP 12299 2591 6 cole cole NNP 12299 2591 7 Polytechnique Polytechnique NNP 12299 2591 8 , , , 12299 2591 9 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2591 10 . . . 12299 2592 1 X X NNP 12299 2592 2 , , , 12299 2592 3 1815 1815 CD 12299 2592 4 . . . 12299 2593 1 DUPONT DUPONT NNP 12299 2593 2 , , , 12299 2593 3 ADOLPHE ADOLPHE NNP 12299 2593 4 , , , 12299 2593 5 et et NNP 12299 2593 6 BOUQUET BOUQUET NNP 12299 2593 7 DE DE NNP 12299 2593 8 LA LA NNP 12299 2593 9 GRYE GRYE NNP 12299 2593 10 : : : 12299 2593 11 Les Les NNP 12299 2593 12 bois bois NNP 12299 2593 13 indigènes indigã¨nes FW 12299 2593 14 et et NN 12299 2593 15 à à NNP 12299 2593 16 © © NNP 12299 2593 17 trangers tranger VBZ 12299 2593 18 . . . 12299 2594 1 Paris Paris NNP 12299 2594 2 , , , 12299 2594 3 1875 1875 CD 12299 2594 4 , , , 12299 2594 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2594 6 . . . 12299 2595 1 273 273 CD 12299 2595 2 - - SYM 12299 2595 3 352 352 CD 12299 2595 4 . . . 12299 2596 1 ESTRADA ESTRADA NNP 12299 2596 2 , , , 12299 2596 3 ESTEBAN ESTEBAN NNP 12299 2596 4 DUQUE DUQUE VBD 12299 2596 5 : : : 12299 2596 6 On on IN 12299 2596 7 the the DT 12299 2596 8 strength strength NN 12299 2596 9 and and CC 12299 2596 10 other other JJ 12299 2596 11 properties property NNS 12299 2596 12 of of IN 12299 2596 13 Cuban cuban JJ 12299 2596 14 woods wood NNS 12299 2596 15 . . . 12299 2597 1 Van Van NNP 12299 2597 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP 12299 2597 3 's 's POS 12299 2597 4 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2597 5 . . . 12299 2598 1 Mag Mag NNP 12299 2598 2 . . . 12299 2598 3 , , , 12299 2598 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2598 5 . . . 12299 2599 1 XXIX XXIX NNP 12299 2599 2 , , , 12299 2599 3 1883 1883 CD 12299 2599 4 , , , 12299 2599 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2599 6 . . . 12299 2600 1 417 417 CD 12299 2600 2 - - SYM 12299 2600 3 426 426 CD 12299 2600 4 ; ; : 12299 2600 5 443 443 CD 12299 2600 6 - - CD 12299 2600 7 449 449 CD 12299 2600 8 . . . 12299 2601 1 EVERETT EVERETT NNP 12299 2601 2 , , , 12299 2601 3 W.H. W.H. NNP 12299 2602 1 : : : 12299 2602 2 Memorandum memorandum NN 12299 2602 3 on on IN 12299 2602 4 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2602 5 tests test NNS 12299 2602 6 of of IN 12299 2602 7 some some DT 12299 2602 8 Indian indian JJ 12299 2602 9 timbers timber NNS 12299 2602 10 . . . 12299 2603 1 Govt Govt NNP 12299 2603 2 . . . 12299 2604 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 2604 2 . . . 12299 2605 1 No no UH 12299 2605 2 . . . 12299 2606 1 6 6 CD 12299 2606 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2606 3 o.s o.s NNP 12299 2606 4 . . . 12299 2607 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2607 2 , , , 12299 2607 3 Calcutta Calcutta NNP 12299 2607 4 . . . 12299 2608 1 EXNER EXNER NNP 12299 2608 2 , , , 12299 2608 3 WILHELM WILHELM NNP 12299 2608 4 FRANZ FRANZ NNP 12299 2608 5 : : : 12299 2608 6 Die die VB 12299 2608 7 mechanische mechanische NNP 12299 2608 8 Technologie Technologie NNP 12299 2608 9 des des FW 12299 2608 10 Holzes Holzes NNP 12299 2608 11 . . . 12299 2609 1 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2609 2 , , , 12299 2609 3 1871 1871 CD 12299 2609 4 . . . 12299 2610 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2610 2 A a DT 12299 2610 3 translation translation NN 12299 2610 4 and and CC 12299 2610 5 revision revision NN 12299 2610 6 of of IN 12299 2610 7 Chevandier Chevandier NNP 12299 2610 8 and and CC 12299 2610 9 Wertheim Wertheim NNP 12299 2610 10 's 's POS 12299 2610 11 Mà Mà NNP 12299 2610 12 © © NNP 12299 2610 13 moire moire NN 12299 2610 14 sur sur FW 12299 2610 15 les les NNP 12299 2610 16 proprià proprià NNP 12299 2610 17 © © NNP 12299 2610 18 tà tà NNP 12299 2610 19 © © NNP 12299 2610 20 s s NN 12299 2610 21 mà mà NNP 12299 2610 22 © © NNP 12299 2610 23 caniques canique NNS 12299 2610 24 du du NNP 12299 2610 25 bois bois NNP 12299 2610 26 . . . 12299 2610 27 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2611 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2611 2 : : : 12299 2611 3 Die die VB 12299 2611 4 technischen technischen RB 12299 2611 5 Eigenschaften eigenschaften VB 12299 2611 6 der der IN 12299 2611 7 Hölzer Hölzer NNP 12299 2611 8 . . . 12299 2612 1 Lorey Lorey NNP 12299 2612 2 's 's POS 12299 2612 3 Handbuch Handbuch NNP 12299 2612 4 der der NN 12299 2612 5 Forstwissenschaft Forstwissenschaft NNP 12299 2612 6 , , , 12299 2612 7 II II NNP 12299 2612 8 . . . 12299 2613 1 Bd Bd NNP 12299 2613 2 . . NNP 12299 2613 3 , , , 12299 2613 4 6 6 CD 12299 2613 5 . . . 12299 2614 1 Kap Kap NNP 12299 2614 2 . . NNP 12299 2614 3 , , , 12299 2614 4 Tübingen Tübingen NNP 12299 2614 5 , , , 12299 2614 6 1903 1903 CD 12299 2614 7 . . . 12299 2615 1 FERNOW FERNOW NNP 12299 2615 2 , , , 12299 2615 3 B.E. B.E. NNP 12299 2616 1 : : : 12299 2616 2 Scientific scientific JJ 12299 2616 3 timber timber NN 12299 2616 4 testing testing NN 12299 2616 5 . . . 12299 2617 1 Digest Digest NNP 12299 2617 2 of of IN 12299 2617 3 Physical Physical NNP 12299 2617 4 Tests Tests NNPS 12299 2617 5 , , , 12299 2617 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2617 7 . . . 12299 2618 1 I -PRON- PRP 12299 2618 2 , , , 12299 2618 3 No no UH 12299 2618 4 . . . 12299 2619 1 2 2 CD 12299 2619 2 , , , 12299 2619 3 1896 1896 CD 12299 2619 4 , , , 12299 2619 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2619 6 . . . 12299 2620 1 87 87 CD 12299 2620 2 - - SYM 12299 2620 3 95 95 CD 12299 2620 4 . . . 12299 2621 1 FOWKE FOWKE NNP 12299 2621 2 , , , 12299 2621 3 FRANCIS francis NN 12299 2621 4 : : : 12299 2621 5 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 2621 6 on on IN 12299 2621 7 British british JJ 12299 2621 8 colonial colonial NN 12299 2621 9 and and CC 12299 2621 10 other other JJ 12299 2621 11 woods wood NNS 12299 2621 12 . . . 12299 2622 1 1867 1867 CD 12299 2622 2 . . . 12299 2623 1 GARDNER GARDNER NNS 12299 2623 2 , , , 12299 2623 3 ROLAND ROLAND NNP 12299 2623 4 : : : 12299 2623 5 I. i. NN 12299 2624 1 Mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2624 2 tests test NNS 12299 2624 3 , , , 12299 2624 4 properties property NNS 12299 2624 5 , , , 12299 2624 6 and and CC 12299 2624 7 uses use NNS 12299 2624 8 of of IN 12299 2624 9 thirty thirty CD 12299 2624 10 Philippine philippine JJ 12299 2624 11 woods wood NNS 12299 2624 12 . . . 12299 2625 1 II ii CD 12299 2625 2 . . . 12299 2626 1 Philippine philippine JJ 12299 2626 2 sawmills sawmill NNS 12299 2626 3 , , , 12299 2626 4 lumber lumber NN 12299 2626 5 market market NN 12299 2626 6 and and CC 12299 2626 7 prices price NNS 12299 2626 8 . . . 12299 2627 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 2627 2 . . . 12299 2628 1 4 4 LS 12299 2628 2 , , , 12299 2628 3 Bu Bu NNP 12299 2628 4 . . . 12299 2629 1 For for IN 12299 2629 2 . . NNP 12299 2629 3 , , , 12299 2629 4 P.I. P.I. NNP 12299 2629 5 , , , 12299 2629 6 1906 1906 CD 12299 2629 7 . . . 12299 2630 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2630 2 2d 2d NNP 12299 2630 3 ed ed NNP 12299 2630 4 . . NNP 12299 2630 5 , , , 12299 2630 6 1907 1907 CD 12299 2630 7 , , , 12299 2630 8 contains contain VBZ 12299 2630 9 tests test NNS 12299 2630 10 of of IN 12299 2630 11 34 34 CD 12299 2630 12 woods wood NNS 12299 2630 13 . . . 12299 2630 14 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2631 1 GAYER GAYER NNP 12299 2631 2 , , , 12299 2631 3 KARL KARL NNP 12299 2631 4 : : : 12299 2631 5 Forest forest NN 12299 2631 6 utilization utilization NN 12299 2631 7 . . . 12299 2632 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2632 2 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2632 3 . . . 12299 2633 1 V V NNP 12299 2633 2 , , , 12299 2633 3 Schlich Schlich NNP 12299 2633 4 's 's POS 12299 2633 5 Manual Manual NNP 12299 2633 6 of of IN 12299 2633 7 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 2633 8 . . . 12299 2634 1 Translation translation NN 12299 2634 2 of of IN 12299 2634 3 Die Die NNP 12299 2634 4 Forstbenutzung Forstbenutzung NNP 12299 2634 5 , , , 12299 2634 6 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 2634 7 , , , 12299 2634 8 1894 1894 CD 12299 2634 9 . . . 12299 2634 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2635 1 London London NNP 12299 2635 2 , , , 12299 2635 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 2635 4 . . . 12299 2636 1 GOLLNER GOLLNER NNP 12299 2636 2 , , , 12299 2636 3 H. H. NNP 12299 2636 4 : : : 12299 2636 5 Ueber Ueber NNP 12299 2636 6 die die VBP 12299 2636 7 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2636 8 des des NNP 12299 2636 9 Schwarzföhrenholzes schwarzfã¶hrenholzes CD 12299 2636 10 . . . 12299 2637 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2637 2 . . . 12299 2638 1 a. a. NNP 12299 2638 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2638 3 forstl forstl NNP 12299 2638 4 . . . 12299 2639 1 Versuchswesen Versuchswesen NNP 12299 2639 2 Oesterreichs Oesterreichs NNP 12299 2639 3 . . . 12299 2640 1 II ii CD 12299 2640 2 . . . 12299 2641 1 Bd Bd NNP 12299 2641 2 . . NNP 12299 2641 3 , , , 12299 2641 4 3 3 CD 12299 2641 5 . . . 12299 2642 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2642 2 . . . 12299 2642 3 , , , 12299 2642 4 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2642 5 , , , 12299 2642 6 1881 1881 CD 12299 2642 7 . . . 12299 2643 1 GOTTGETREU GOTTGETREU NNP 12299 2643 2 , , , 12299 2643 3 RUDOLPH rudolph NN 12299 2643 4 : : : 12299 2643 5 Physische physische VB 12299 2643 6 und und JJ 12299 2643 7 chemische chemische NN 12299 2643 8 Beschaffenheit Beschaffenheit NNP 12299 2643 9 der der VBD 12299 2643 10 Baumaterialien Baumaterialien NNP 12299 2643 11 . . . 12299 2644 1 3d 3d NNP 12299 2644 2 ed ed NNP 12299 2644 3 . . NNP 12299 2644 4 , , , 12299 2644 5 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 2644 6 , , , 12299 2644 7 1880 1880 CD 12299 2644 8 . . . 12299 2645 1 GREEN GREEN NNP 12299 2645 2 , , , 12299 2645 3 A.O. A.O. NNP 12299 2646 1 : : : 12299 2646 2 Tasmanian tasmanian JJ 12299 2646 3 timbers timber NNS 12299 2646 4 : : : 12299 2646 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2646 6 qualities quality NNS 12299 2646 7 and and CC 12299 2646 8 uses use NNS 12299 2646 9 . . . 12299 2647 1 Hobart Hobart NNP 12299 2647 2 , , , 12299 2647 3 Tasmania Tasmania NNP 12299 2647 4 , , , 12299 2647 5 1903 1903 CD 12299 2647 6 , , , 12299 2647 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2647 8 . . . 12299 2648 1 63 63 CD 12299 2648 2 . . . 12299 2649 1 GREGORY GREGORY NNP 12299 2649 2 , , , 12299 2649 3 W.B. W.B. NNP 12299 2650 1 : : : 12299 2650 2 Tests test NNS 12299 2650 3 of of IN 12299 2650 4 creosoted creosoted JJ 12299 2650 5 timber timber NN 12299 2650 6 . . . 12299 2651 1 Trans tran NNS 12299 2651 2 . . . 12299 2652 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2652 2 . . . 12299 2653 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2653 2 . . . 12299 2654 1 C.E. C.E. NNP 12299 2654 2 , , , 12299 2654 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2654 4 . . . 12299 2655 1 LXXVI LXXVI NNP 12299 2655 2 , , , 12299 2655 3 1913 1913 CD 12299 2655 4 , , , 12299 2655 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2655 6 . . . 12299 2656 1 1192 1192 CD 12299 2656 2 - - SYM 12299 2656 3 1203 1203 CD 12299 2656 4 . . . 12299 2657 1 See see VB 12299 2657 2 also also RB 12299 2657 3 _ _ NNP 12299 2657 4 ibid ibid NN 12299 2657 5 . . . 12299 2657 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2657 7 , , , 12299 2657 8 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2657 9 . . . 12299 2658 1 LXX lxx NN 12299 2658 2 , , , 12299 2658 3 p. p. NN 12299 2658 4 37 37 CD 12299 2658 5 . . . 12299 2659 1 GRISARD GRISARD NNP 12299 2659 2 , , , 12299 2659 3 JULES JULES NNP 12299 2659 4 , , , 12299 2659 5 et et FW 12299 2659 6 VANDENBERGHE VANDENBERGHE NNP 12299 2659 7 , , , 12299 2659 8 MAXIMILIEN maximilien NN 12299 2659 9 : : : 12299 2659 10 Les Les NNP 12299 2659 11 bois bois NNP 12299 2659 12 industriels industriel NNS 12299 2659 13 , , , 12299 2659 14 indigènes indigènes . 12299 2659 15 et et NNP 12299 2659 16 exotiques exotique NNS 12299 2659 17 ; ; : 12299 2659 18 synonymie synonymie NNP 12299 2659 19 et et NN 12299 2659 20 description description NN 12299 2659 21 des des NNP 12299 2659 22 espèces espã¨ce NNS 12299 2659 23 , , , 12299 2659 24 proprià proprià NNP 12299 2659 25 © © NNP 12299 2659 26 tà tà NNP 12299 2659 27 © © NNP 12299 2659 28 s s NNP 12299 2659 29 physiques physique VBZ 12299 2659 30 des des NNP 12299 2659 31 bois bois NNP 12299 2659 32 , , , 12299 2659 33 qualità qualità NNP 12299 2659 34 © © NNP 12299 2659 35 s s NNP 12299 2659 36 , , , 12299 2659 37 dà dà NNP 12299 2659 38 © © NNP 12299 2659 39 fauts faut NNS 12299 2659 40 , , , 12299 2659 41 usages usage VBZ 12299 2659 42 et et NNP 12299 2659 43 emplois emplois NNP 12299 2659 44 . . . 12299 2660 1 Paris Paris NNP 12299 2660 2 , , , 12299 2660 3 189- 189- CD 12299 2660 4 . . . 12299 2661 1 From from IN 12299 2661 2 Bul Bul NNP 12299 2661 3 . . . 12299 2662 1 de de NNP 12299 2662 2 la la NNP 12299 2662 3 Socià Socià NNP 12299 2662 4 © © NNP 12299 2662 5 tà tà NNP 12299 2662 6 © © NNP 12299 2662 7 nationale nationale NNP 12299 2662 8 d'acclimatation d'acclimatation NNP 12299 2662 9 de de IN 12299 2662 10 France France NNP 12299 2662 11 , , , 12299 2662 12 Vols Vols NNP 12299 2662 13 . . . 12299 2663 1 XXXVIII XXXVIII NNP 12299 2663 2 - - HYPH 12299 2663 3 XL XL NNP 12299 2663 4 . . . 12299 2664 1 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 12299 2664 2 of of IN 12299 2664 3 Western Western NNP 12299 2664 4 Australia Australia NNP 12299 2664 5 . . . 12299 2665 1 Engineering engineering NN 12299 2665 2 , , , 12299 2665 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2665 4 . . . 12299 2666 1 LXXXIII LXXXIII NNP 12299 2666 2 , , , 12299 2666 3 Jan. January NNP 12299 2666 4 11 11 CD 12299 2666 5 , , , 12299 2666 6 1907 1907 CD 12299 2666 7 , , , 12299 2666 8 pp pp NNP 12299 2666 9 . . . 12299 2667 1 35 35 CD 12299 2667 2 - - SYM 12299 2667 3 37 37 CD 12299 2667 4 . . . 12299 2668 1 HATT HATT NNP 12299 2668 2 , , , 12299 2668 3 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2668 4 KENDRICK KENDRICK NNP 12299 2668 5 : : : 12299 2668 6 A a DT 12299 2668 7 Preliminary preliminary JJ 12299 2668 8 program program NN 12299 2668 9 for for IN 12299 2668 10 the the DT 12299 2668 11 timber timber NN 12299 2668 12 test test NN 12299 2668 13 work work NN 12299 2668 14 to to TO 12299 2668 15 be be VB 12299 2668 16 undertaken undertake VBN 12299 2668 17 by by IN 12299 2668 18 the the DT 12299 2668 19 Bureau Bureau NNP 12299 2668 20 of of IN 12299 2668 21 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 2668 22 , , , 12299 2668 23 United United NNP 12299 2668 24 States States NNP 12299 2668 25 Department Department NNP 12299 2668 26 of of IN 12299 2668 27 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 12299 2668 28 . . . 12299 2669 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2669 2 . . . 12299 2670 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2670 2 . . . 12299 2671 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2671 2 . . . 12299 2672 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2672 2 . . . 12299 2673 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2673 2 . . NNP 12299 2673 3 , , , 12299 2673 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2673 5 . . . 12299 2674 1 III iii CD 12299 2674 2 , , , 12299 2674 3 1903 1903 CD 12299 2674 4 , , , 12299 2674 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2674 6 . . . 12299 2675 1 308 308 CD 12299 2675 2 - - SYM 12299 2675 3 343 343 CD 12299 2675 4 . . . 12299 2676 1 Appendix Appendix NNP 12299 2676 2 I -PRON- PRP 12299 2676 3 : : : 12299 2676 4 Method Method NNP 12299 2676 5 of of IN 12299 2676 6 determining determine VBG 12299 2676 7 the the DT 12299 2676 8 effect effect NN 12299 2676 9 of of IN 12299 2676 10 the the DT 12299 2676 11 rate rate NN 12299 2676 12 of of IN 12299 2676 13 application application NN 12299 2676 14 of of IN 12299 2676 15 load load NN 12299 2676 16 on on IN 12299 2676 17 the the DT 12299 2676 18 strength strength NN 12299 2676 19 of of IN 12299 2676 20 timber timber NN 12299 2676 21 , , , 12299 2676 22 pp pp NNP 12299 2676 23 . . . 12299 2677 1 325 325 CD 12299 2677 2 - - SYM 12299 2677 3 327 327 CD 12299 2677 4 ; ; : 12299 2677 5 App App NNP 12299 2677 6 . . . 12299 2678 1 II ii CD 12299 2678 2 : : : 12299 2678 3 A a DT 12299 2678 4 discussion discussion NN 12299 2678 5 on on IN 12299 2678 6 the the DT 12299 2678 7 effect effect NN 12299 2678 8 of of IN 12299 2678 9 moisture moisture NN 12299 2678 10 on on IN 12299 2678 11 strength strength NN 12299 2678 12 and and CC 12299 2678 13 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 2678 14 of of IN 12299 2678 15 timber timber NN 12299 2678 16 , , , 12299 2678 17 together together RB 12299 2678 18 with with IN 12299 2678 19 a a DT 12299 2678 20 plan plan NN 12299 2678 21 of of IN 12299 2678 22 procedure procedure NN 12299 2678 23 for for IN 12299 2678 24 future future JJ 12299 2678 25 tests test NNS 12299 2678 26 , , , 12299 2678 27 pp pp NNP 12299 2678 28 . . . 12299 2679 1 328 328 CD 12299 2679 2 - - SYM 12299 2679 3 334 334 CD 12299 2679 4 . . . 12299 2680 1 HATT HATT NNP 12299 2680 2 , , , 12299 2680 3 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 12299 2680 4 KENDRICK KENDRICK NNP 12299 2680 5 : : : 12299 2680 6 Relation relation NN 12299 2680 7 of of IN 12299 2680 8 timber timber NN 12299 2680 9 tests test NNS 12299 2680 10 to to IN 12299 2680 11 forest forest NN 12299 2680 12 products product NNS 12299 2680 13 . . . 12299 2681 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2681 2 . . . 12299 2682 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2682 2 . . . 12299 2683 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2683 2 . . . 12299 2684 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2684 2 . . . 12299 2685 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2685 2 . . NNP 12299 2685 3 , , , 12299 2685 4 1906 1906 CD 12299 2685 5 , , , 12299 2685 6 C C NNP 12299 2685 7 2 2 CD 12299 2685 8 _ _ NNP 12299 2685 9 e e NNP 12299 2685 10 _ _ NNP 12299 2685 11 , , , 12299 2685 12 pp pp NNP 12299 2685 13 . . . 12299 2686 1 6 6 CD 12299 2686 2 . . . 12299 2687 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2687 2 : : : 12299 2687 3 Structural structural JJ 12299 2687 4 timber timber NN 12299 2687 5 . . . 12299 2688 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2688 2 . . . 12299 2689 1 Western Western NNP 12299 2689 2 Ry Ry NNP 12299 2689 3 . . . 12299 2690 1 Club Club NNP 12299 2690 2 , , , 12299 2690 3 St. St. NNP 12299 2690 4 Louis Louis NNP 12299 2690 5 , , , 12299 2690 6 Mch Mch NNP 12299 2690 7 . . . 12299 2691 1 17 17 CD 12299 2691 2 , , , 12299 2691 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 2691 4 . . . 12299 2692 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2692 2 : : : 12299 2692 3 Abstract Abstract NNP 12299 2692 4 of of IN 12299 2692 5 report report NN 12299 2692 6 on on IN 12299 2692 7 the the DT 12299 2692 8 present present JJ 12299 2692 9 status status NN 12299 2692 10 of of IN 12299 2692 11 timber timber NN 12299 2692 12 tests test NNS 12299 2692 13 in in IN 12299 2692 14 the the DT 12299 2692 15 Forest Forest NNP 12299 2692 16 Service Service NNP 12299 2692 17 , , , 12299 2692 18 United United NNP 12299 2692 19 States States NNP 12299 2692 20 Department Department NNP 12299 2692 21 of of IN 12299 2692 22 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 12299 2692 23 . . . 12299 2693 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2693 2 . . . 12299 2694 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2694 2 . . . 12299 2695 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2695 2 . . . 12299 2696 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2696 2 . . . 12299 2697 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2697 2 . . NNP 12299 2697 3 , , , 12299 2697 4 1909 1909 CD 12299 2697 5 , , , 12299 2697 6 XVL XVL NNP 12299 2697 7 , , , 12299 2697 8 pp pp NNP 12299 2697 9 . . . 12299 2698 1 10 10 CD 12299 2698 2 . . . 12299 2699 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2699 2 and and CC 12299 2699 3 TURNER TURNER NNP 12299 2699 4 , , , 12299 2699 5 W.P. W.P. NNP 12299 2700 1 : : : 12299 2700 2 The the DT 12299 2700 3 Purdue Purdue NNP 12299 2700 4 University University NNP 12299 2700 5 impact impact NN 12299 2700 6 machine machine NN 12299 2700 7 . . . 12299 2701 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2701 2 . . . 12299 2702 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2702 2 . . . 12299 2703 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2703 2 . . . 12299 2704 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2704 2 . . . 12299 2705 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2705 2 . . NNP 12299 2705 3 , , , 12299 2705 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2705 5 . . . 12299 2706 1 VI VI NNP 12299 2706 2 , , , 12299 2706 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 2706 4 , , , 12299 2706 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2706 6 . . . 12299 2707 1 462 462 CD 12299 2707 2 - - SYM 12299 2707 3 475 475 CD 12299 2707 4 . . . 12299 2708 1 HAUPT HAUPT NNP 12299 2708 2 , , , 12299 2708 3 HERMAN HERMAN NNP 12299 2708 4 : : : 12299 2708 5 formulà formulà NNP 12299 2708 6 ¦ ¦ VBP 12299 2708 7 for for IN 12299 2708 8 the the DT 12299 2708 9 strain strain NN 12299 2708 10 upon upon IN 12299 2708 11 timber timber NN 12299 2708 12 . . . 12299 2709 1 Center center NN 12299 2709 2 of of IN 12299 2709 3 gravity gravity NN 12299 2709 4 of of IN 12299 2709 5 an an DT 12299 2709 6 ungula ungula NNP 12299 2709 7 and and CC 12299 2709 8 semi semi JJ 12299 2709 9 - - NN 12299 2709 10 cylinder cylinder NN 12299 2709 11 . . . 12299 2710 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2710 2 . . . 12299 2711 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2711 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2711 3 . . . 12299 2711 4 , , , 12299 2711 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2711 6 . . . 12299 2712 1 XIX XIX NNP 12299 2712 2 , , , 12299 2712 3 3d 3d NNP 12299 2712 4 series series NNP 12299 2712 5 , , , 12299 2712 6 1850 1850 CD 12299 2712 7 , , , 12299 2712 8 pp pp NNP 12299 2712 9 . . . 12299 2713 1 408 408 CD 12299 2713 2 - - SYM 12299 2713 3 413 413 CD 12299 2713 4 . . . 12299 2714 1 HEARDING HEARDING NNP 12299 2714 2 , , , 12299 2714 3 W.H. W.H. NNP 12299 2715 1 : : : 12299 2715 2 Report report VB 12299 2715 3 upon upon IN 12299 2715 4 experiments experiment NNS 12299 2715 5 ... ... NFP 12299 2715 6 upon upon IN 12299 2715 7 the the DT 12299 2715 8 compressive compressive JJ 12299 2715 9 power power NN 12299 2715 10 of of IN 12299 2715 11 pine pine NN 12299 2715 12 and and CC 12299 2715 13 hemlock hemlock NN 12299 2715 14 timber timber NN 12299 2715 15 . . . 12299 2716 1 Washington Washington NNP 12299 2716 2 , , , 12299 2716 3 1872 1872 CD 12299 2716 4 , , , 12299 2716 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2716 6 . . . 12299 2717 1 12 12 CD 12299 2717 2 . . . 12299 2718 1 HOWE HOWE NNP 12299 2718 2 , , , 12299 2718 3 MALVERD MALVERD NNP 12299 2718 4 A. a. NN 12299 2718 5 : : : 12299 2718 6 Wood wood NN 12299 2718 7 in in IN 12299 2718 8 compression compression NN 12299 2718 9 ; ; : 12299 2718 10 bearing bear VBG 12299 2718 11 values value NNS 12299 2718 12 for for IN 12299 2718 13 inclined inclined JJ 12299 2718 14 cuts cut NNS 12299 2718 15 . . . 12299 2719 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2719 2 . . . 12299 2720 1 News News NNP 12299 2720 2 , , , 12299 2720 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2720 4 . . . 12299 2721 1 LXVIII LXVIII NNP 12299 2721 2 , , , 12299 2721 3 1912 1912 CD 12299 2721 4 , , , 12299 2721 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2721 6 . . . 12299 2722 1 190 190 CD 12299 2722 2 - - SYM 12299 2722 3 191 191 CD 12299 2722 4 . . . 12299 2723 1 HOYER HOYER NNP 12299 2723 2 , , , 12299 2723 3 EGBERT EGBERT NNP 12299 2723 4 : : : 12299 2723 5 Lehrbuch lehrbuch NN 12299 2723 6 der der NN 12299 2723 7 vergleichenden vergleichenden NNP 12299 2723 8 mechanischen mechanischen NNP 12299 2723 9 Technologie Technologie NNP 12299 2723 10 . . . 12299 2724 1 1878 1878 CD 12299 2724 2 . . . 12299 2725 1 IHLSENG IHLSENG NNP 12299 2725 2 , , , 12299 2725 3 MANGUS MANGUS NNP 12299 2725 4 C. C. NNP 12299 2725 5 : : : 12299 2725 6 On on IN 12299 2725 7 the the DT 12299 2725 8 modulus modulus NN 12299 2725 9 of of IN 12299 2725 10 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2725 11 of of IN 12299 2725 12 some some DT 12299 2725 13 American american JJ 12299 2725 14 woods wood NNS 12299 2725 15 as as IN 12299 2725 16 determined determine VBN 12299 2725 17 by by IN 12299 2725 18 vibration vibration NN 12299 2725 19 . . . 12299 2726 1 Van Van NNP 12299 2726 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP 12299 2726 3 's 's POS 12299 2726 4 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2726 5 . . . 12299 2727 1 Mag Mag NNP 12299 2727 2 . . . 12299 2727 3 , , , 12299 2727 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2727 5 . . . 12299 2728 1 XIX XIX NNP 12299 2728 2 , , , 12299 2728 3 1878 1878 CD 12299 2728 4 , , , 12299 2728 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2728 6 . . . 12299 2729 1 8 8 CD 12299 2729 2 - - SYM 12299 2729 3 9 9 CD 12299 2729 4 . . . 12299 2730 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2730 2 : : : 12299 2730 3 On on IN 12299 2730 4 a a DT 12299 2730 5 mode mode NN 12299 2730 6 of of IN 12299 2730 7 measuring measure VBG 12299 2730 8 the the DT 12299 2730 9 velocity velocity NN 12299 2730 10 of of IN 12299 2730 11 sounds sound NNS 12299 2730 12 in in IN 12299 2730 13 woods wood NNS 12299 2730 14 . . . 12299 2731 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2731 2 . . . 12299 2732 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2732 2 . . . 12299 2733 1 Sci Sci NNP 12299 2733 2 . . . 12299 2734 1 and and CC 12299 2734 2 Arts art NNS 12299 2734 3 , , , 12299 2734 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2734 5 . . . 12299 2735 1 XVII XVII NNP 12299 2735 2 , , , 12299 2735 3 1879 1879 CD 12299 2735 4 . . . 12299 2736 1 JACCARD JACCARD NNP 12299 2736 2 , , , 12299 2736 3 P. p. NN 12299 2736 4 : : : 12299 2736 5 à à NNP 12299 2736 6 � � NNP 12299 2736 7 tude tude NN 12299 2736 8 anatomique anatomique NN 12299 2736 9 des des NNP 12299 2736 10 bois bois NNP 12299 2736 11 comprimà comprimà NNP 12299 2736 12 © © NNP 12299 2736 13 s s NNP 12299 2736 14 . . . 12299 2737 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2737 2 . . . 12299 2738 1 d. d. NNP 12299 2738 2 Schw Schw NNP 12299 2738 3 . . . 12299 2739 1 Centralanstalt Centralanstalt NNP 12299 2739 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2739 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2739 4 forst forst NNP 12299 2739 5 . . . 12299 2740 1 Versuchswesen Versuchswesen NNP 12299 2740 2 . . . 12299 2741 1 X. X. NNP 12299 2742 1 Bd Bd NNP 12299 2742 2 . . NNP 12299 2742 3 , , , 12299 2742 4 1 1 CD 12299 2742 5 . . . 12299 2743 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2743 2 . . . 12299 2743 3 , , , 12299 2743 4 Zurich Zurich NNP 12299 2743 5 , , , 12299 2743 6 1910 1910 CD 12299 2743 7 , , , 12299 2743 8 pp pp NNP 12299 2743 9 . . . 12299 2744 1 53 53 CD 12299 2744 2 - - SYM 12299 2744 3 101 101 CD 12299 2744 4 . . . 12299 2745 1 JANKA JANKA NNP 12299 2745 2 , , , 12299 2745 3 GABRIEL GABRIEL NNP 12299 2745 4 : : : 12299 2745 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2745 6 über über NNS 12299 2745 7 die die VBP 12299 2745 8 Elasticität Elasticität NNS 12299 2745 9 und und JJ 12299 2745 10 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2745 11 der der NN 12299 2745 12 österreichischen österreichischen NNP 12299 2745 13 Bauhölzer Bauhölzer NNP 12299 2745 14 . . . 12299 2746 1 I. I. NNP 12299 2746 2 Fichte Fichte NNP 12299 2746 3 Südtirols sã¼dtirols NN 12299 2746 4 ; ; : 12299 2746 5 II II NNP 12299 2746 6 . . . 12299 2747 1 Fichte Fichte NNP 12299 2747 2 von von NNP 12299 2747 3 Nordtirol Nordtirol NNP 12299 2747 4 vom vom VBZ 12299 2747 5 Wienerwalde Wienerwalde NNP 12299 2747 6 und und JJ 12299 2747 7 Erzgebirge Erzgebirge NNP 12299 2747 8 ; ; : 12299 2747 9 III III NNP 12299 2747 10 . . . 12299 2748 1 Fichte Fichte NNP 12299 2748 2 aus aus NNP 12299 2748 3 den den NNP 12299 2748 4 Karpaten Karpaten NNP 12299 2748 5 , , , 12299 2748 6 aus aus NNP 12299 2748 7 dem dem NNP 12299 2748 8 Böhmerwalde Böhmerwalde NNP 12299 2748 9 , , , 12299 2748 10 Ternovanerwalde Ternovanerwalde NNP 12299 2748 11 und und JJ 12299 2748 12 den den NN 12299 2748 13 Zentralalpen zentralalpen NN 12299 2748 14 . . . 12299 2749 1 Technische Technische NNP 12299 2749 2 Qualität Qualität NNPS 12299 2749 3 des des NNP 12299 2749 4 Fichtenholzes Fichtenholzes NNP 12299 2749 5 i -PRON- PRP 12299 2749 6 m be VBP 12299 2749 7 allgemeinen allgemeinen NNP 12299 2749 8 ; ; : 12299 2749 9 IV IV NNP 12299 2749 10 . . . 12299 2750 1 Lärche Lärche NNP 12299 2750 2 aus aus NNP 12299 2750 3 dem dem NNP 12299 2750 4 Wienerwalde Wienerwalde NNP 12299 2750 5 , , , 12299 2750 6 aus aus NNP 12299 2750 7 Schlesien Schlesien NNP 12299 2750 8 , , , 12299 2750 9 Nord- Nord- NNP 12299 2750 10 und und NN 12299 2750 11 Südtirol sã¼dtirol NN 12299 2750 12 . . . 12299 2751 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2751 2 . . . 12299 2752 1 a. a. NNP 12299 2752 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2752 3 forst forst NNP 12299 2752 4 . . . 12299 2753 1 Untersuchungswesen Untersuchungswesen NNP 12299 2753 2 Oesterreichs Oesterreichs NNP 12299 2753 3 , , , 12299 2753 4 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2753 5 , , , 12299 2753 6 1900 1900 CD 12299 2753 7 - - SYM 12299 2753 8 13 13 CD 12299 2753 9 . . . 12299 2754 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2754 2 : : : 12299 2754 3 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2754 4 über über VBZ 12299 2754 5 Holzqualität holzqualitã¤t RB 12299 2754 6 . . . 12299 2755 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 12299 2755 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2755 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2755 4 ges ges NNP 12299 2755 5 . . . 12299 2756 1 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2756 2 . . . 12299 2757 1 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2757 2 , , , 12299 2757 3 1904 1904 CD 12299 2757 4 , , , 12299 2757 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2757 6 . . . 12299 2758 1 95 95 CD 12299 2758 2 - - SYM 12299 2758 3 115 115 CD 12299 2758 4 . . . 12299 2759 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2759 2 : : : 12299 2759 3 Ueber Ueber NNP 12299 2759 4 neuere neuere RB 12299 2759 5 holztechnologische holztechnologische JJ 12299 2759 6 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2759 7 . . . 12299 2760 1 Oesterr Oesterr NNP 12299 2760 2 . . . 12299 2761 1 Vierteljahresschrift Vierteljahresschrift NNP 12299 2761 2 für für NNP 12299 2761 3 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2761 4 , , , 12299 2761 5 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2761 6 , , , 12299 2761 7 1906 1906 CD 12299 2761 8 , , , 12299 2761 9 pp pp NNP 12299 2761 10 . . . 12299 2762 1 248 248 CD 12299 2762 2 - - SYM 12299 2762 3 269 269 CD 12299 2762 4 . . . 12299 2763 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2763 2 : : : 12299 2763 3 Die die VB 12299 2763 4 Härte Härte NNP 12299 2763 5 des des NNP 12299 2763 6 Holzes Holzes NNP 12299 2763 7 . . . 12299 2764 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 12299 2764 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2764 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2764 4 ges ges NNP 12299 2764 5 . . . 12299 2765 1 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2765 2 , , , 12299 2765 3 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2765 4 , , , 12299 2765 5 1906 1906 CD 12299 2765 6 , , , 12299 2765 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2765 8 . . . 12299 2766 1 193 193 CD 12299 2766 2 - - SYM 12299 2766 3 202 202 CD 12299 2766 4 ; ; : 12299 2766 5 241 241 CD 12299 2766 6 - - SYM 12299 2766 7 260 260 CD 12299 2766 8 . . . 12299 2767 1 JANKA JANKA NNP 12299 2767 2 , , , 12299 2767 3 GABRIEL GABRIEL NNP 12299 2767 4 : : : 12299 2767 5 Die die VB 12299 2767 6 Einwirkung Einwirkung NNP 12299 2767 7 von von NNP 12299 2767 8 Süss- sã¼ss- CD 12299 2767 9 und und VBP 12299 2767 10 Salzwässern salzwã¤ssern JJ 12299 2767 11 auf auf NN 12299 2767 12 die die VBP 12299 2767 13 gewerblichen gewerblichen NNP 12299 2767 14 Eigenschaften Eigenschaften NNP 12299 2767 15 der der IN 12299 2767 16 Hauptholzarten Hauptholzarten NNP 12299 2767 17 . . . 12299 2768 1 I. I. NNP 12299 2768 2 Teil Teil NNP 12299 2768 3 . . . 12299 2769 1 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2769 2 u. u. CC 12299 2769 3 Ergebnisse Ergebnisse NNP 12299 2769 4 in in IN 12299 2769 5 mechanisch mechanisch NNP 12299 2769 6 - - HYPH 12299 2769 7 technischer technischer NN 12299 2769 8 Hinsicht Hinsicht NNP 12299 2769 9 . . . 12299 2770 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2770 2 . . . 12299 2771 1 a. a. NNP 12299 2771 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2771 3 forst forst NNP 12299 2771 4 . . . 12299 2772 1 Versuchswesen Versuchswesen NNP 12299 2772 2 Oesterreichs Oesterreichs NNP 12299 2772 3 , , , 12299 2772 4 33 33 CD 12299 2772 5 . . . 12299 2773 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2773 2 . . . 12299 2773 3 , , , 12299 2773 4 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2773 5 , , , 12299 2773 6 1907 1907 CD 12299 2773 7 . . . 12299 2774 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2774 2 : : : 12299 2774 3 Results result NNS 12299 2774 4 of of IN 12299 2774 5 trials trial NNS 12299 2774 6 with with IN 12299 2774 7 timber timber NN 12299 2774 8 carried carry VBN 12299 2774 9 out out RP 12299 2774 10 at at IN 12299 2774 11 the the DT 12299 2774 12 Austrian austrian JJ 12299 2774 13 forestry forestry NN 12299 2774 14 testing testing NN 12299 2774 15 - - HYPH 12299 2774 16 station station NN 12299 2774 17 at at IN 12299 2774 18 Mariabrunn Mariabrunn NNP 12299 2774 19 . . . 12299 2775 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2775 2 . . . 12299 2776 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2776 2 . . . 12299 2777 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2777 2 . . . 12299 2778 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2778 2 . . . 12299 2779 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2779 2 . . NNP 12299 2779 3 , , , 12299 2779 4 1906 1906 CD 12299 2779 5 , , , 12299 2779 6 Disc Disc NNP 12299 2779 7 . . . 12299 2780 1 2 2 CD 12299 2780 2 _ _ NNP 12299 2780 3 e e NNP 12299 2780 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2780 5 , , , 12299 2780 6 pp pp NNP 12299 2780 7 . . . 12299 2781 1 7 7 LS 12299 2781 2 . . . 12299 2782 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2782 2 : : : 12299 2782 3 Ueber Ueber NNP 12299 2782 4 die die VBP 12299 2782 5 an an DT 12299 2782 6 der der NN 12299 2782 7 k. k. NNP 12299 2782 8 k. k. NNP 12299 2782 9 forstlichen forstlichen NNP 12299 2782 10 Versuchsanstalt Versuchsanstalt NNP 12299 2782 11 Mariabrunnen Mariabrunnen NNP 12299 2782 12 gewonnenen gewonnenen NN 12299 2782 13 Resultate Resultate NNP 12299 2782 14 der der NN 12299 2782 15 Holzfestigkeitsprüfungen holzfestigkeitsprã¼fungen CD 12299 2782 16 . . . 12299 2783 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12299 2783 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2783 3 Oesterr Oesterr NNP 12299 2783 4 . . . 12299 2784 1 Ing Ing NNP 12299 2784 2 . . . 12299 2785 1 u. u. NNP 12299 2785 2 Arch Arch NNP 12299 2785 3 . . . 12299 2786 1 Ver Ver NNP 12299 2786 2 . . NNP 12299 2786 3 , , , 12299 2786 4 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2786 5 , , , 12299 2786 6 Aug. August NNP 12299 2786 7 9 9 CD 12299 2786 8 , , , 12299 2786 9 1907 1907 CD 12299 2786 10 . . . 12299 2787 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2787 2 : : : 12299 2787 3 Ueber Ueber NNP 12299 2787 4 Holzhärteprufüng Holzhärteprufüng NNS 12299 2787 5 . . . 12299 2788 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 12299 2788 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2788 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2788 4 ges ges NNP 12299 2788 5 . . . 12299 2789 1 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2789 2 , , , 12299 2789 3 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2789 4 , , , 12299 2789 5 1908 1908 CD 12299 2789 6 , , , 12299 2789 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2789 8 . . . 12299 2790 1 443 443 CD 12299 2790 2 - - SYM 12299 2790 3 456 456 CD 12299 2790 4 . . . 12299 2791 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2791 2 : : : 12299 2791 3 Testing test VBG 12299 2791 4 the the DT 12299 2791 5 hardness hardness NN 12299 2791 6 of of IN 12299 2791 7 wood wood NN 12299 2791 8 by by IN 12299 2791 9 means mean NNS 12299 2791 10 of of IN 12299 2791 11 the the DT 12299 2791 12 ball ball NN 12299 2791 13 test test NN 12299 2791 14 . . . 12299 2792 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2792 2 . . . 12299 2793 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2793 2 . . . 12299 2794 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2794 2 . . . 12299 2795 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2795 2 . . . 12299 2796 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2796 2 . . NNP 12299 2796 3 , , , 12299 2796 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2796 5 , , , 12299 2796 6 XXIII_{3 XXIII_{3 NNP 12299 2796 7 } } -RRB- 12299 2796 8 . . . 12299 2797 1 JENNY JENNY NNP 12299 2797 2 , , , 12299 2797 3 K. K. NNP 12299 2797 4 : : : 12299 2797 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2797 6 über über NNS 12299 2797 7 die die VBP 12299 2797 8 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2797 9 der der IN 12299 2797 10 Hölzer Hölzer NNP 12299 2797 11 aus aus CC 12299 2797 12 den den NNP 12299 2797 13 Ländern Ländern NNP 12299 2797 14 der der NNP 12299 2797 15 ungarischen ungarischen NNP 12299 2797 16 Krone Krone NNP 12299 2797 17 . . . 12299 2798 1 Budapest Budapest NNP 12299 2798 2 , , , 12299 2798 3 1873 1873 CD 12299 2798 4 . . . 12299 2799 1 JOHNSON JOHNSON NNP 12299 2799 2 , , , 12299 2799 3 J.B. J.B. NNP 12299 2799 4 : : : 12299 2799 5 Time Time NNP 12299 2799 6 tests test NNS 12299 2799 7 of of IN 12299 2799 8 timber timber NN 12299 2799 9 in in IN 12299 2799 10 endwise endwise NN 12299 2799 11 compression compression NN 12299 2799 12 . . . 12299 2800 1 Paper paper NN 12299 2800 2 before before IN 12299 2800 3 Section section NN 12299 2800 4 D D NNP 12299 2800 5 , , , 12299 2800 6 Am Am NNP 12299 2800 7 . . . 12299 2801 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2801 2 . . . 12299 2802 1 for for IN 12299 2802 2 Adv Adv NNP 12299 2802 3 . . . 12299 2803 1 of of IN 12299 2803 2 Sci Sci NNP 12299 2803 3 . . NNP 12299 2803 4 , , , 12299 2803 5 Aug. August NNP 12299 2803 6 , , , 12299 2803 7 1898 1898 CD 12299 2803 8 . . . 12299 2804 1 JOHNSON JOHNSON NNP 12299 2804 2 , , , 12299 2804 3 WALTER WALTER NNP 12299 2804 4 B. B. NNP 12299 2804 5 : : : 12299 2804 6 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 2804 7 on on IN 12299 2804 8 the the DT 12299 2804 9 adhesion adhesion NN 12299 2804 10 of of IN 12299 2804 11 iron iron NN 12299 2804 12 spikes spike NNS 12299 2804 13 of of IN 12299 2804 14 various various JJ 12299 2804 15 forms form NNS 12299 2804 16 when when WRB 12299 2804 17 driven drive VBN 12299 2804 18 into into IN 12299 2804 19 different different JJ 12299 2804 20 species specie NNS 12299 2804 21 of of IN 12299 2804 22 timbers timber NNS 12299 2804 23 . . . 12299 2805 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2805 2 . . . 12299 2806 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2806 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2806 3 . . . 12299 2806 4 , , , 12299 2806 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2806 6 . . . 12299 2807 1 XIX XIX NNP 12299 2807 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2807 3 n.s n.s NNP 12299 2807 4 . . . 12299 2808 1 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2808 2 , , , 12299 2808 3 1837 1837 CD 12299 2808 4 , , , 12299 2808 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2808 6 . . . 12299 2809 1 281 281 CD 12299 2809 2 - - SYM 12299 2809 3 292 292 CD 12299 2809 4 . . . 12299 2810 1 JULIUS JULIUS NNP 12299 2810 2 , , , 12299 2810 3 G.A. G.A. NNP 12299 2811 1 : : : 12299 2811 2 Western Western NNP 12299 2811 3 Australia Australia NNP 12299 2811 4 timber timber NN 12299 2811 5 tests test NNS 12299 2811 6 , , , 12299 2811 7 1906 1906 CD 12299 2811 8 . . . 12299 2812 1 The the DT 12299 2812 2 physical physical JJ 12299 2812 3 characteristics characteristic NNS 12299 2812 4 of of IN 12299 2812 5 the the DT 12299 2812 6 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 2812 7 of of IN 12299 2812 8 Western Western NNP 12299 2812 9 Australia Australia NNP 12299 2812 10 . . . 12299 2813 1 Perth Perth NNP 12299 2813 2 , , , 12299 2813 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 2813 4 , , , 12299 2813 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2813 6 . . . 12299 2814 1 36 36 CD 12299 2814 2 . . . 12299 2815 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2815 2 : : : 12299 2815 3 Supplement supplement VB 12299 2815 4 to to IN 12299 2815 5 the the DT 12299 2815 6 Western Western NNP 12299 2815 7 Australia Australia NNP 12299 2815 8 timber timber NN 12299 2815 9 tests test NNS 12299 2815 10 , , , 12299 2815 11 1906 1906 CD 12299 2815 12 . . . 12299 2816 1 The the DT 12299 2816 2 hardwoods hardwood NNS 12299 2816 3 of of IN 12299 2816 4 Australia Australia NNP 12299 2816 5 . . . 12299 2817 1 Perth Perth NNP 12299 2817 2 , , , 12299 2817 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 2817 4 , , , 12299 2817 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2817 6 . . . 12299 2818 1 6 6 CD 12299 2818 2 . . . 12299 2819 1 KARMARSH KARMARSH NNP 12299 2819 2 , , , 12299 2819 3 CARL CARL NNP 12299 2819 4 : : : 12299 2819 5 Handbuch Handbuch NNP 12299 2819 6 der der VBD 12299 2819 7 mechanischen mechanischen RB 12299 2819 8 Technologie Technologie NNP 12299 2819 9 . . . 12299 2820 1 I. I. NNP 12299 2821 1 Aufl Aufl NNP 12299 2821 2 . . . 12299 2821 3 , , , 12299 2821 4 1837 1837 CD 12299 2821 5 ; ; : 12299 2821 6 V. V. NNP 12299 2822 1 Aufl Aufl NNP 12299 2822 2 . . . 12299 2822 3 , , , 12299 2822 4 1875 1875 CD 12299 2822 5 ; ; : 12299 2822 6 verm verm NN 12299 2822 7 . . . 12299 2823 1 von von NNP 12299 2823 2 H. H. NNP 12299 2823 3 Fisher Fisher NNP 12299 2823 4 , , , 12299 2823 5 1888 1888 CD 12299 2823 6 . . . 12299 2824 1 KIDDER KIDDER NNP 12299 2824 2 , , , 12299 2824 3 F.E. F.E. NNP 12299 2825 1 : : : 12299 2825 2 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 2825 3 on on IN 12299 2825 4 the the DT 12299 2825 5 transverse transverse JJ 12299 2825 6 strength strength NN 12299 2825 7 of of IN 12299 2825 8 southern southern JJ 12299 2825 9 and and CC 12299 2825 10 white white JJ 12299 2825 11 pine pine NN 12299 2825 12 . . . 12299 2826 1 Van Van NNP 12299 2826 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP 12299 2826 3 's 's POS 12299 2826 4 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2826 5 . . . 12299 2827 1 Mag Mag NNP 12299 2827 2 . . . 12299 2827 3 , , , 12299 2827 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2827 5 . . . 12299 2828 1 XXII XXII NNP 12299 2828 2 , , , 12299 2828 3 1880 1880 CD 12299 2828 4 , , , 12299 2828 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2828 6 . . . 12299 2829 1 166 166 CD 12299 2829 2 - - SYM 12299 2829 3 168 168 CD 12299 2829 4 . . . 12299 2830 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2830 2 : : : 12299 2830 3 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 2830 4 on on IN 12299 2830 5 the the DT 12299 2830 6 strength strength NN 12299 2830 7 and and CC 12299 2830 8 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 2830 9 of of IN 12299 2830 10 small small JJ 12299 2830 11 spruce spruce NN 12299 2830 12 beams beam NNS 12299 2830 13 . . . 12299 2831 1 _ _ NNP 12299 2831 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 2831 3 . . . 12299 2831 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2831 5 , , , 12299 2831 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2831 7 . . . 12299 2832 1 XXIV XXIV NNP 12299 2832 2 , , , 12299 2832 3 1881 1881 CD 12299 2832 4 , , , 12299 2832 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2832 6 . . . 12299 2833 1 473 473 CD 12299 2833 2 - - SYM 12299 2833 3 477 477 CD 12299 2833 4 . . . 12299 2834 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2834 2 : : : 12299 2834 3 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 2834 4 on on IN 12299 2834 5 the the DT 12299 2834 6 fatigue fatigue NN 12299 2834 7 of of IN 12299 2834 8 small small JJ 12299 2834 9 spruce spruce NN 12299 2834 10 beams beam NNS 12299 2834 11 . . . 12299 2835 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2835 2 . . . 12299 2836 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2836 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2836 3 . . . 12299 2836 4 , , , 12299 2836 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2836 6 . . . 12299 2837 1 CXIV CXIV NNP 12299 2837 2 , , , 12299 2837 3 1882 1882 CD 12299 2837 4 , , , 12299 2837 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2837 6 . . . 12299 2838 1 261 261 CD 12299 2838 2 - - SYM 12299 2838 3 279 279 CD 12299 2838 4 . . . 12299 2839 1 KIDWELL KIDWELL NNP 12299 2839 2 , , , 12299 2839 3 EDGAR EDGAR NNP 12299 2839 4 : : : 12299 2839 5 The the DT 12299 2839 6 efficiency efficiency NN 12299 2839 7 of of IN 12299 2839 8 built build VBN 12299 2839 9 - - HYPH 12299 2839 10 up up RP 12299 2839 11 wooden wooden JJ 12299 2839 12 beams beam NNS 12299 2839 13 . . . 12299 2840 1 Trans tran NNS 12299 2840 2 . . . 12299 2841 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2841 2 . . . 12299 2842 1 Inst inst RB 12299 2842 2 . . . 12299 2843 1 Min Min NNP 12299 2843 2 . . . 12299 2844 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2844 2 . . NNP 12299 2844 3 , , , 12299 2844 4 Feb. February NNP 12299 2844 5 , , , 12299 2844 6 June June NNP 12299 2844 7 , , , 12299 2844 8 1898 1898 CD 12299 2844 9 . . . 12299 2845 1 KIRKALDY KIRKALDY NNP 12299 2845 2 , , , 12299 2845 3 WM WM NNP 12299 2845 4 . . . 12299 2846 1 G. G. NNP 12299 2846 2 : : : 12299 2846 3 Illustrations Illustrations NNP 12299 2846 4 of of IN 12299 2846 5 David David NNP 12299 2846 6 Kirkaldy Kirkaldy NNP 12299 2846 7 's 's POS 12299 2846 8 system system NN 12299 2846 9 of of IN 12299 2846 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 2846 11 testing testing NN 12299 2846 12 . . . 12299 2847 1 London London NNP 12299 2847 2 , , , 12299 2847 3 1891 1891 CD 12299 2847 4 . . . 12299 2848 1 KUMMER KUMMER NNP 12299 2848 2 , , , 12299 2848 3 FREDERICK FREDERICK NNP 12299 2848 4 A. a. NN 12299 2848 5 : : : 12299 2848 6 The the DT 12299 2848 7 effects effect NNS 12299 2848 8 of of IN 12299 2848 9 preservative preservative JJ 12299 2848 10 treatment treatment NN 12299 2848 11 on on IN 12299 2848 12 the the DT 12299 2848 13 strength strength NN 12299 2848 14 of of IN 12299 2848 15 timber timber NN 12299 2848 16 . . . 12299 2849 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2849 2 . . . 12299 2850 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2850 2 . . . 12299 2851 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2851 2 . . . 12299 2852 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2852 2 . . . 12299 2853 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2853 2 . . NNP 12299 2853 3 , , , 12299 2853 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2853 5 . . . 12299 2854 1 IV IV NNP 12299 2854 2 , , , 12299 2854 3 1904 1904 CD 12299 2854 4 , , , 12299 2854 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2854 6 . . . 12299 2855 1 434 434 CD 12299 2855 2 - - SYM 12299 2855 3 438 438 CD 12299 2855 4 . . . 12299 2856 1 LABORDà LABORDà NNP 12299 2856 2 � � NNP 12299 2856 3 RE RE NNP 12299 2856 4 , , , 12299 2856 5 P. P. NNP 12299 2856 6 , , , 12299 2856 7 and and CC 12299 2856 8 ANSTETT ANSTETT NNP 12299 2856 9 , , , 12299 2856 10 F. F. NNP 12299 2856 11 : : : 12299 2856 12 Contribution contribution NN 12299 2856 13 to to IN 12299 2856 14 the the DT 12299 2856 15 study study NN 12299 2856 16 of of IN 12299 2856 17 means mean NNS 12299 2856 18 for for IN 12299 2856 19 improving improve VBG 12299 2856 20 the the DT 12299 2856 21 strength strength NN 12299 2856 22 of of IN 12299 2856 23 wood wood NN 12299 2856 24 for for IN 12299 2856 25 pavements pavement NNS 12299 2856 26 . . . 12299 2857 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2857 2 . . . 12299 2858 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2858 2 . . . 12299 2859 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2859 2 . . . 12299 2860 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2860 2 . . . 12299 2861 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2861 2 . . NNP 12299 2861 3 , , , 12299 2861 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2861 5 , , , 12299 2861 6 XXIII_{4 XXIII_{4 NNP 12299 2861 7 } } -RRB- 12299 2861 8 , , , 12299 2861 9 pp pp NNP 12299 2861 10 . . . 12299 2862 1 12 12 CD 12299 2862 2 . . . 12299 2863 1 LANZA LANZA NNP 12299 2863 2 , , , 12299 2863 3 GAETANO GAETANO NNP 12299 2863 4 : : : 12299 2863 5 An an DT 12299 2863 6 account account NN 12299 2863 7 of of IN 12299 2863 8 certain certain JJ 12299 2863 9 tests test NNS 12299 2863 10 on on IN 12299 2863 11 the the DT 12299 2863 12 transverse transverse JJ 12299 2863 13 strength strength NN 12299 2863 14 and and CC 12299 2863 15 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 2863 16 of of IN 12299 2863 17 large large JJ 12299 2863 18 spruce spruce NN 12299 2863 19 beams beam NNS 12299 2863 20 . . . 12299 2864 1 Trans tran NNS 12299 2864 2 . . . 12299 2865 1 Am Am NNP 12299 2865 2 . . . 12299 2866 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2866 2 . . . 12299 2867 1 Mech mech NN 12299 2867 2 . . . 12299 2868 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2868 2 . . NNP 12299 2868 3 , , , 12299 2868 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2868 5 . . . 12299 2869 1 IV IV NNP 12299 2869 2 , , , 12299 2869 3 1882 1882 CD 12299 2869 4 , , , 12299 2869 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2869 6 . . . 12299 2870 1 119 119 CD 12299 2870 2 - - SYM 12299 2870 3 135 135 CD 12299 2870 4 . . . 12299 2871 1 See see VB 12299 2871 2 also also RB 12299 2871 3 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2871 4 . . . 12299 2872 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2872 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2872 3 . . . 12299 2872 4 , , , 12299 2872 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2872 6 . . . 12299 2873 1 XCV XCV NNP 12299 2873 2 , , , 12299 2873 3 1883 1883 CD 12299 2873 4 , , , 12299 2873 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2873 6 . . . 12299 2874 1 81 81 CD 12299 2874 2 - - SYM 12299 2874 3 94 94 CD 12299 2874 4 . . . 12299 2875 1 LASLETT LASLETT NNP 12299 2875 2 , , , 12299 2875 3 T. t. NN 12299 2875 4 : : : 12299 2875 5 Properties property NNS 12299 2875 6 and and CC 12299 2875 7 characteristics characteristic NNS 12299 2875 8 of of IN 12299 2875 9 timber timber NN 12299 2875 10 . . . 12299 2876 1 Chatham Chatham NNP 12299 2876 2 , , , 12299 2876 3 1867 1867 CD 12299 2876 4 . . . 12299 2877 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2877 2 : : : 12299 2877 3 Timber timber NN 12299 2877 4 and and CC 12299 2877 5 timber timber NN 12299 2877 6 trees tree NNS 12299 2877 7 , , , 12299 2877 8 native native JJ 12299 2877 9 and and CC 12299 2877 10 foreign foreign JJ 12299 2877 11 . . . 12299 2878 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2878 2 2d 2d NNP 12299 2878 3 ed ed NNP 12299 2878 4 . . . 12299 2879 1 revised revise VBN 12299 2879 2 and and CC 12299 2879 3 enlarged enlarge VBN 12299 2879 4 by by IN 12299 2879 5 H. H. NNP 12299 2879 6 Marshall Marshall NNP 12299 2879 7 Ward Ward NNP 12299 2879 8 . . . 12299 2879 9 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2880 1 London London NNP 12299 2880 2 and and CC 12299 2880 3 New New NNP 12299 2880 4 York York NNP 12299 2880 5 , , , 12299 2880 6 1894 1894 CD 12299 2880 7 . . . 12299 2881 1 LEA LEA NNP 12299 2881 2 , , , 12299 2881 3 W. W. NNP 12299 2881 4 : : : 12299 2881 5 Tables table NNS 12299 2881 6 of of IN 12299 2881 7 strength strength NN 12299 2881 8 and and CC 12299 2881 9 deflection deflection NN 12299 2881 10 of of IN 12299 2881 11 timber timber NN 12299 2881 12 . . . 12299 2882 1 London London NNP 12299 2882 2 , , , 12299 2882 3 1861 1861 CD 12299 2882 4 . . . 12299 2883 1 LEDEBUR LEDEBUR NNP 12299 2883 2 , , , 12299 2883 3 A. a. NN 12299 2883 4 : : : 12299 2883 5 Die Die NNP 12299 2883 6 Verarbeitung Verarbeitung NNP 12299 2883 7 des des NNP 12299 2883 8 Holzes Holzes NNP 12299 2883 9 auf auf NNP 12299 2883 10 mechanischem mechanischem NN 12299 2883 11 Wege Wege NNP 12299 2883 12 . . . 12299 2884 1 1881 1881 CD 12299 2884 2 . . . 12299 2885 1 LORENZ LORENZ NNP 12299 2885 2 , , , 12299 2885 3 N. N. NNP 12299 2885 4 VON VON NNP 12299 2885 5 : : : 12299 2885 6 Analytische Analytische NNP 12299 2885 7 Untersuchung Untersuchung NNP 12299 2885 8 des des NNP 12299 2885 9 Begriffes Begriffes NNP 12299 2885 10 der der NN 12299 2885 11 Holzhärte Holzhärte NNS 12299 2885 12 . . . 12299 2886 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 12299 2886 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2886 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2886 4 ges ges NNP 12299 2886 5 . . . 12299 2887 1 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2887 2 , , , 12299 2887 3 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2887 4 , , , 12299 2887 5 1909 1909 CD 12299 2887 6 , , , 12299 2887 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2887 8 . . . 12299 2888 1 348 348 CD 12299 2888 2 - - SYM 12299 2888 3 387 387 CD 12299 2888 4 . . . 12299 2889 1 LUDWIG LUDWIG NNP 12299 2889 2 , , , 12299 2889 3 PAUL PAUL NNP 12299 2889 4 : : : 12299 2889 5 Die die VB 12299 2889 6 Regelprobe Regelprobe NNP 12299 2889 7 . . . 12299 2890 1 Ein Ein NNP 12299 2890 2 neues neue NNS 12299 2890 3 Verfahren Verfahren NNP 12299 2890 4 zur zur NNP 12299 2890 5 Härtebestimmung Härtebestimmung NNP 12299 2890 6 von von NNP 12299 2890 7 Materialien Materialien NNP 12299 2890 8 . . . 12299 2891 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 2891 2 . . . 12299 2892 1 1908 1908 CD 12299 2892 2 . . . 12299 2893 1 MACFARLAND MACFARLAND NNP 12299 2893 2 , , , 12299 2893 3 H.B. H.B. NNP 12299 2894 1 : : : 12299 2894 2 Tests test NNS 12299 2894 3 of of IN 12299 2894 4 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 2894 5 pine pine JJ 12299 2894 6 bridge bridge NN 12299 2894 7 timbers timber NNS 12299 2894 8 . . . 12299 2895 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 2895 2 . . . 12299 2896 1 149 149 CD 12299 2896 2 , , , 12299 2896 3 Am Am NNP 12299 2896 4 . . . 12299 2897 1 Ry Ry NNP 12299 2897 2 . . . 12299 2898 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2898 2 . . . 12299 2899 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2899 2 . . . 12299 2899 3 , , , 12299 2899 4 Sept. September NNP 12299 2899 5 , , , 12299 2899 6 1912 1912 CD 12299 2899 7 . . . 12299 2900 1 See see VB 12299 2900 2 also also RB 12299 2900 3 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2900 4 . . . 12299 2901 1 News News NNP 12299 2901 2 , , , 12299 2901 3 Dec. December NNP 12299 2901 4 12 12 CD 12299 2901 5 , , , 12299 2901 6 1912 1912 CD 12299 2901 7 , , , 12299 2901 8 p. p. NN 12299 2901 9 1035 1035 CD 12299 2901 10 . . . 12299 2902 1 McKAY McKAY NNP 12299 2902 2 , , , 12299 2902 3 DONALD DONALD VBD 12299 2902 4 : : : 12299 2902 5 On on IN 12299 2902 6 the the DT 12299 2902 7 weight weight NN 12299 2902 8 and and CC 12299 2902 9 strength strength NN 12299 2902 10 of of IN 12299 2902 11 American american JJ 12299 2902 12 ship ship NN 12299 2902 13 - - HYPH 12299 2902 14 timber timber NN 12299 2902 15 . . . 12299 2903 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 2903 2 . . . 12299 2904 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 2904 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 2904 3 . . . 12299 2904 4 , , , 12299 2904 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2904 6 . . . 12299 2905 1 XXXIX XXXIX NNP 12299 2905 2 ( ( -LRB- 12299 2905 3 3d 3d NNP 12299 2905 4 series series NNP 12299 2905 5 ) ) -RRB- 12299 2905 6 , , , 12299 2905 7 1860 1860 CD 12299 2905 8 , , , 12299 2905 9 p. p. NN 12299 2905 10 322 322 CD 12299 2905 11 . . . 12299 2906 1 MALETTE MALETTE NNP 12299 2906 2 , , , 12299 2906 3 J. J. NNP 12299 2906 4 : : : 12299 2906 5 Essais Essais NNP 12299 2906 6 des des NNP 12299 2906 7 bois bois NNP 12299 2906 8 de de IN 12299 2906 9 construction construction NN 12299 2906 10 . . . 12299 2907 1 Revue Revue NNP 12299 2907 2 Technique Technique NNP 12299 2907 3 , , , 12299 2907 4 Apr. April NNP 12299 2908 1 25 25 CD 12299 2908 2 , , , 12299 2908 3 1905 1905 CD 12299 2908 4 . . . 12299 2909 1 MANN MANN NNP 12299 2909 2 , , , 12299 2909 3 JAMES JAMES NNP 12299 2909 4 : : : 12299 2909 5 Australian australian JJ 12299 2909 6 timber timber NN 12299 2909 7 : : : 12299 2909 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2909 9 strength strength NN 12299 2909 10 , , , 12299 2909 11 durability durability NN 12299 2909 12 , , , 12299 2909 13 and and CC 12299 2909 14 identification identification NN 12299 2909 15 . . . 12299 2910 1 Melbourne melbourne RB 12299 2910 2 , , , 12299 2910 3 1900 1900 CD 12299 2910 4 . . . 12299 2911 1 MARTIN MARTIN NNP 12299 2911 2 , , , 12299 2911 3 CLARENCE CLARENCE NNP 12299 2911 4 A. a. NN 12299 2911 5 : : : 12299 2911 6 Tests test NNS 12299 2911 7 on on IN 12299 2911 8 the the DT 12299 2911 9 relation relation NN 12299 2911 10 between between IN 12299 2911 11 cross cross NN 12299 2911 12 - - JJ 12299 2911 13 bending bending JJ 12299 2911 14 and and CC 12299 2911 15 direct direct JJ 12299 2911 16 compressive compressive JJ 12299 2911 17 strength strength NN 12299 2911 18 in in IN 12299 2911 19 timber timber NN 12299 2911 20 . . . 12299 2912 1 Railroad Railroad NNP 12299 2912 2 Gazette Gazette NNP 12299 2912 3 , , , 12299 2912 4 Mch Mch NNP 12299 2912 5 . . . 12299 2913 1 13 13 CD 12299 2913 2 , , , 12299 2913 3 1903 1903 CD 12299 2913 4 . . . 12299 2914 1 Methods method NNS 12299 2914 2 of of IN 12299 2914 3 testing test VBG 12299 2914 4 metals metal NNS 12299 2914 5 and and CC 12299 2914 6 alloys alloy NNS 12299 2914 7 ... ... . 12299 2915 1 Recommended recommend VBN 12299 2915 2 by by IN 12299 2915 3 the the DT 12299 2915 4 Fourth Fourth NNP 12299 2915 5 Congress Congress NNP 12299 2915 6 of of IN 12299 2915 7 the the DT 12299 2915 8 International International NNP 12299 2915 9 Association Association NNP 12299 2915 10 for for IN 12299 2915 11 Testing Testing NNP 12299 2915 12 Materials Materials NNPS 12299 2915 13 , , , 12299 2915 14 held hold VBN 12299 2915 15 at at IN 12299 2915 16 Brussels Brussels NNP 12299 2915 17 , , , 12299 2915 18 Sept. September NNP 12299 2915 19 3 3 CD 12299 2915 20 - - SYM 12299 2915 21 6 6 CD 12299 2915 22 , , , 12299 2915 23 1906 1906 CD 12299 2915 24 . . . 12299 2916 1 London London NNP 12299 2916 2 , , , 12299 2916 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 2916 4 , , , 12299 2916 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2916 6 . . . 12299 2917 1 54 54 CD 12299 2917 2 . . . 12299 2918 1 Methods method NNS 12299 2918 2 of of IN 12299 2918 3 testing test VBG 12299 2918 4 wood wood NN 12299 2918 5 , , , 12299 2918 6 pp pp NNP 12299 2918 7 . . . 12299 2919 1 39 39 CD 12299 2919 2 - - SYM 12299 2919 3 49 49 CD 12299 2919 4 . . . 12299 2920 1 MIKOLASCHEK MIKOLASCHEK NNP 12299 2920 2 , , , 12299 2920 3 CARL CARL NNP 12299 2920 4 : : : 12299 2920 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2920 6 über über NNS 12299 2920 7 die die VBP 12299 2920 8 Elasticität Elasticität NNS 12299 2920 9 und und JJ 12299 2920 10 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 2920 11 der der RB 12299 2920 12 wichtigsten wichtigsten VBN 12299 2920 13 Bau- Bau- NNP 12299 2920 14 und und VBP 12299 2920 15 Nutzhölzer Nutzhölzer NNP 12299 2920 16 . . . 12299 2921 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2921 2 . . . 12299 2922 1 a. a. NNP 12299 2922 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2922 3 forstl forstl NNP 12299 2922 4 . . . 12299 2923 1 Versuchswesen Versuchswesen NNP 12299 2923 2 Oesterreiches Oesterreiches NNP 12299 2923 3 , , , 12299 2923 4 II II NNP 12299 2923 5 . . . 12299 2924 1 Bd Bd NNP 12299 2924 2 . . NNP 12299 2924 3 , , , 12299 2924 4 1 1 CD 12299 2924 5 . . . 12299 2925 1 Hft hft UH 12299 2925 2 . . . 12299 2925 3 , , , 12299 2925 4 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2925 5 , , , 12299 2925 6 1879 1879 CD 12299 2925 7 . . . 12299 2926 1 MOELLER MOELLER NNP 12299 2926 2 , , , 12299 2926 3 JOSEPH JOSEPH NNP 12299 2926 4 : : : 12299 2926 5 Die Die NNP 12299 2926 6 Rohstoffe Rohstoffe NNP 12299 2926 7 des des NNP 12299 2926 8 Tischler- Tischler- NNP 12299 2926 9 und und NN 12299 2926 10 Drechslergewerbes Drechslergewerbes NNP 12299 2926 11 . . . 12299 2927 1 I. I. NNP 12299 2927 2 Theil Theil NNP 12299 2927 3 : : : 12299 2927 4 Das Das NNP 12299 2927 5 Holz Holz NNP 12299 2927 6 . . . 12299 2928 1 Kassel Kassel NNP 12299 2928 2 , , , 12299 2928 3 1883 1883 CD 12299 2928 4 , , , 12299 2928 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2928 6 . . . 12299 2929 1 68 68 CD 12299 2929 2 - - SYM 12299 2929 3 122 122 CD 12299 2929 4 . . . 12299 2930 1 MOLESWORTH MOLESWORTH NNP 12299 2930 2 , , , 12299 2930 3 G.L. G.L. NNP 12299 2931 1 : : : 12299 2931 2 Graphic graphic JJ 12299 2931 3 diagrams diagram NNS 12299 2931 4 of of IN 12299 2931 5 strength strength NN 12299 2931 6 of of IN 12299 2931 7 teak teak NN 12299 2931 8 beams beam NNS 12299 2931 9 . . . 12299 2932 1 Roorke Roorke NNP 12299 2932 2 , , , 12299 2932 3 1881 1881 CD 12299 2932 4 . . . 12299 2933 1 MORGAN MORGAN NNP 12299 2933 2 , , , 12299 2933 3 J.J. J.J. NNP 12299 2933 4 : : : 12299 2933 5 Bending bend VBG 12299 2933 6 strength strength NN 12299 2933 7 of of IN 12299 2933 8 yellow yellow JJ 12299 2933 9 pine pine JJ 12299 2933 10 timber timber NN 12299 2933 11 . . . 12299 2934 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2934 2 . . . 12299 2935 1 Record Record NNP 12299 2935 2 , , , 12299 2935 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2935 4 . . . 12299 2936 1 LXVII LXVII NNP 12299 2936 2 , , , 12299 2936 3 1913 1913 CD 12299 2936 4 , , , 12299 2936 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2936 6 . . . 12299 2937 1 608 608 CD 12299 2937 2 - - SYM 12299 2937 3 609 609 CD 12299 2937 4 . . . 12299 2938 1 MOROTO MOROTO NNP 12299 2938 2 , , , 12299 2938 3 K. K. NNP 12299 2938 4 : : : 12299 2938 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 2938 6 über über NNS 12299 2938 7 die die VBP 12299 2938 8 Biegungselasticität Biegungselasticität NNS 12299 2938 9 und und JJ 12299 2938 10 -Festigkeit -Festigkeit : 12299 2938 11 der der NNP 12299 2938 12 japanischen japanischen NNP 12299 2938 13 Bauhölzer Bauhölzer NNP 12299 2938 14 . . . 12299 2939 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 12299 2939 2 f. f. NNP 12299 2939 3 d. d. NNP 12299 2939 4 ges ges NNP 12299 2939 5 . . . 12299 2940 1 Forstwesen Forstwesen NNP 12299 2940 2 , , , 12299 2940 3 Wien Wien NNP 12299 2940 4 , , , 12299 2940 5 1908 1908 CD 12299 2940 6 , , , 12299 2940 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2940 8 . . . 12299 2941 1 346 346 CD 12299 2941 2 - - SYM 12299 2941 3 355 355 CD 12299 2941 4 . . . 12299 2942 1 NORDLINGER NORDLINGER NNP 12299 2942 2 , , , 12299 2942 3 H. H. NNP 12299 2942 4 : : : 12299 2942 5 Die die VB 12299 2942 6 technischen technischen RB 12299 2942 7 Eigenschaften eigenschaften VB 12299 2942 8 der der IN 12299 2942 9 Hölzer Hölzer NNP 12299 2942 10 für für NNP 12299 2942 11 Forst- Forst- NNP 12299 2942 12 und und NN 12299 2942 13 Baubeamte Baubeamte NNP 12299 2942 14 , , , 12299 2942 15 Technologen Technologen NNP 12299 2942 16 und und JJ 12299 2942 17 Gewerbetreibende Gewerbetreibende NNP 12299 2942 18 . . . 12299 2943 1 Stuttgart Stuttgart NNP 12299 2943 2 , , , 12299 2943 3 1860 1860 CD 12299 2943 4 . . . 12299 2944 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2944 2 : : : 12299 2944 3 Druckfestigkeit Druckfestigkeit NNP 12299 2944 4 des des NNP 12299 2944 5 Holzes Holzes NNP 12299 2944 6 . . . 12299 2945 1 1882 1882 CD 12299 2945 2 . . . 12299 2946 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2946 2 : : : 12299 2946 3 Die die VB 12299 2946 4 gewerblichen gewerblichen NNP 12299 2946 5 Eigenschaften Eigenschaften NNP 12299 2946 6 der der IN 12299 2946 7 Hölzer Hölzer NNP 12299 2946 8 . . . 12299 2947 1 Stuttgart Stuttgart NNP 12299 2947 2 , , , 12299 2947 3 1890 1890 CD 12299 2947 4 . . . 12299 2948 1 NORTH NORTH NNP 12299 2948 2 , , , 12299 2948 3 A.T. A.T. NNP 12299 2948 4 : : : 12299 2948 5 The the DT 12299 2948 6 grading grading NN 12299 2948 7 of of IN 12299 2948 8 timber timber NN 12299 2948 9 on on IN 12299 2948 10 the the DT 12299 2948 11 strength strength NN 12299 2948 12 basis basis NN 12299 2948 13 . . . 12299 2949 1 Address address NN 12299 2949 2 before before IN 12299 2949 3 Western western JJ 12299 2949 4 Society Society NNP 12299 2949 5 of of IN 12299 2949 6 Engineers Engineers NNPS 12299 2949 7 . . . 12299 2950 1 Lumber Lumber NNP 12299 2950 2 World World NNP 12299 2950 3 Review Review NNP 12299 2950 4 , , , 12299 2950 5 May May NNP 12299 2950 6 25 25 CD 12299 2950 7 , , , 12299 2950 8 1914 1914 CD 12299 2950 9 , , , 12299 2950 10 pp pp NNP 12299 2950 11 . . . 12299 2951 1 27 27 CD 12299 2951 2 - - SYM 12299 2951 3 29 29 CD 12299 2951 4 . . . 12299 2952 1 NORTON NORTON NNP 12299 2952 2 , , , 12299 2952 3 W.A. W.A. NNP 12299 2953 1 : : : 12299 2953 2 Results result NNS 12299 2953 3 of of IN 12299 2953 4 experiments experiment NNS 12299 2953 5 on on IN 12299 2953 6 the the DT 12299 2953 7 set set NN 12299 2953 8 of of IN 12299 2953 9 bars bar NNS 12299 2953 10 of of IN 12299 2953 11 wood wood NN 12299 2953 12 , , , 12299 2953 13 iron iron NN 12299 2953 14 , , , 12299 2953 15 and and CC 12299 2953 16 steel steel NN 12299 2953 17 , , , 12299 2953 18 after after IN 12299 2953 19 a a DT 12299 2953 20 transverse transverse JJ 12299 2953 21 stress stress NN 12299 2953 22 . . . 12299 2954 1 Van Van NNP 12299 2954 2 Nostrand Nostrand NNP 12299 2954 3 's 's POS 12299 2954 4 Eng Eng NNP 12299 2954 5 . . . 12299 2955 1 Mag Mag NNP 12299 2955 2 . . . 12299 2955 3 , , , 12299 2955 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2955 5 . . . 12299 2956 1 XVII XVII NNP 12299 2956 2 , , , 12299 2956 3 1877 1877 CD 12299 2956 4 , , , 12299 2956 5 pp pp NNP 12299 2956 6 . . . 12299 2957 1 531 531 CD 12299 2957 2 - - SYM 12299 2957 3 535 535 CD 12299 2957 4 . . . 12299 2958 1 PACCINOTTI PACCINOTTI NNP 12299 2958 2 E E NNP 12299 2958 3 PERI peri NN 12299 2958 4 : : : 12299 2958 5 [ [ -LRB- 12299 2958 6 Investigations investigation NNS 12299 2958 7 into into IN 12299 2958 8 the the DT 12299 2958 9 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 2958 10 of of IN 12299 2958 11 timbers timber NNS 12299 2958 12 . . . 12299 2958 13 ] ] -RRB- 12299 2959 1 Il Il NNP 12299 2959 2 Cimento Cimento NNP 12299 2959 3 , , , 12299 2959 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2959 5 . . . 12299 2960 1 LVIII LVIII NNP 12299 2960 2 , , , 12299 2960 3 1845 1845 CD 12299 2960 4 . . . 12299 2961 1 PALACIO PALACIO NNP 12299 2961 2 , , , 12299 2961 3 E. E. NNP 12299 2961 4 : : : 12299 2961 5 Tensile tensile NN 12299 2961 6 tests test NNS 12299 2961 7 of of IN 12299 2961 8 timber timber NN 12299 2961 9 . . . 12299 2962 1 La La NNP 12299 2962 2 Ingenieria Ingenieria NNP 12299 2962 3 , , , 12299 2962 4 Buenos Buenos NNP 12299 2962 5 Aires Aires NNP 12299 2962 6 , , , 12299 2962 7 May May NNP 12299 2962 8 31 31 CD 12299 2962 9 , , , 12299 2962 10 1903 1903 CD 12299 2962 11 , , , 12299 2962 12 _ _ NNP 12299 2962 13 et et NNP 12299 2962 14 seq seq NN 12299 2962 15 . . . 12299 2962 16 _ _ NNP 12299 2962 17 PARENT,-- PARENT,-- NNP 12299 2962 18 : : : 12299 2962 19 Expà Expà NNP 12299 2962 20 © © NNP 12299 2962 21 riences rience VBZ 12299 2962 22 sur sur NNP 12299 2962 23 la la NNP 12299 2962 24 rà rà NNP 12299 2962 25 © © NNP 12299 2962 26 sistance sistance NN 12299 2962 27 des des FW 12299 2962 28 bois bois NNP 12299 2962 29 de de NNP 12299 2962 30 chêne chêne NNP 12299 2962 31 et et FW 12299 2962 32 de de FW 12299 2962 33 sapin sapin NN 12299 2962 34 . . . 12299 2963 1 Mà Mà NNP 12299 2963 2 © © NNP 12299 2963 3 moires moire VBZ 12299 2963 4 de de FW 12299 2963 5 l'Acadà l'Acadà NNP 12299 2963 6 © © NNP 12299 2963 7 mie mie FW 12299 2963 8 des des NNP 12299 2963 9 Sciences Sciences NNPS 12299 2963 10 , , , 12299 2963 11 1707 1707 CD 12299 2963 12 - - SYM 12299 2963 13 08 08 CD 12299 2963 14 . . . 12299 2964 1 Propositions proposition NNS 12299 2964 2 relatives relative NNS 12299 2964 3 à ã VBP 12299 2964 4     _SP 12299 2964 5 l'à l'à NNS 12299 2964 6 © © NN 12299 2964 7 tablissement tablissement NN 12299 2964 8 d'un d'un NNP 12299 2964 9 precà precà NNP 12299 2964 10 © © NNP 12299 2964 11 dà dà NNP 12299 2964 12 © © NNP 12299 2964 13 uniforme uniforme NNP 12299 2964 14 pour pour FW 12299 2964 15 l'essai l'essai NNP 12299 2964 16 des des FW 12299 2964 17 qualità qualità NNP 12299 2964 18 © © NNP 12299 2964 19 s s NNP 12299 2964 20 techniques technique NNS 12299 2964 21 des des FW 12299 2964 22 bois bois NNP 12299 2964 23 . . . 12299 2965 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2965 2 . . . 12299 2966 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2966 2 . . . 12299 2967 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2967 2 . . . 12299 2968 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2968 2 . . . 12299 2969 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2969 2 . . NNP 12299 2969 3 , , , 12299 2969 4 1901 1901 CD 12299 2969 5 , , , 12299 2969 6 Annexe Annexe NNP 12299 2969 7 , , , 12299 2969 8 pp pp NNP 12299 2969 9 . . . 12299 2970 1 13 13 CD 12299 2970 2 - - SYM 12299 2970 3 28 28 CD 12299 2970 4 . . . 12299 2971 1 ROGERS ROGERS NNP 12299 2971 2 , , , 12299 2971 3 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 12299 2971 4 G. G. NNP 12299 2971 5 : : : 12299 2971 6 A a DT 12299 2971 7 manual manual NN 12299 2971 8 of of IN 12299 2971 9 forest forest NN 12299 2971 10 engineering engineering NN 12299 2971 11 for for IN 12299 2971 12 India India NNP 12299 2971 13 . . . 12299 2972 1 Vol Vol NNP 12299 2972 2 . . . 12299 2973 1 I -PRON- PRP 12299 2973 2 , , , 12299 2973 3 Calcutta Calcutta NNP 12299 2973 4 , , , 12299 2973 5 1900 1900 CD 12299 2973 6 , , , 12299 2973 7 pp pp NNP 12299 2973 8 . . . 12299 2974 1 50 50 CD 12299 2974 2 - - SYM 12299 2974 3 91 91 CD 12299 2974 4 . . . 12299 2975 1 RUDELOFF RUDELOFF NNP 12299 2975 2 , , , 12299 2975 3 M. M. NNP 12299 2975 4 : : : 12299 2975 5 Der Der NNP 12299 2975 6 heutige heutige NNP 12299 2975 7 Stand stand VB 12299 2975 8 der der NN 12299 2975 9 Holzuntersuchungen Holzuntersuchungen NNP 12299 2975 10 . . . 12299 2976 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 2976 2 . . . 12299 2977 1 a. a. NNP 12299 2977 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2977 3 königlichen königlichen NNP 12299 2977 4 tech tech NNP 12299 2977 5 . . . 12299 2978 1 Versuchsanstalt Versuchsanstalt NNP 12299 2978 2 , , , 12299 2978 3 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 2978 4 , , , 12299 2978 5 IV IV NNP 12299 2978 6 , , , 12299 2978 7 1899 1899 CD 12299 2978 8 . . . 12299 2979 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2979 2 : : : 12299 2979 3 Principles principle NNS 12299 2979 4 of of IN 12299 2979 5 a a DT 12299 2979 6 standard standard JJ 12299 2979 7 method method NN 12299 2979 8 of of IN 12299 2979 9 testing test VBG 12299 2979 10 wood wood NN 12299 2979 11 . . . 12299 2980 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2980 2 . . . 12299 2981 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2981 2 . . . 12299 2982 1 Assn assn UH 12299 2982 2 . . . 12299 2983 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2983 2 . . . 12299 2984 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2984 2 . . NNP 12299 2984 3 , , , 12299 2984 4 1906 1906 CD 12299 2984 5 , , , 12299 2984 6 23 23 CD 12299 2984 7 C C NNP 12299 2984 8 , , , 12299 2984 9 pp pp NNP 12299 2984 10 . . . 12299 2985 1 16 16 CD 12299 2985 2 . . . 12299 2986 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 2986 2 : : : 12299 2986 3 Large Large NNP 12299 2986 4 _ _ NNP 12299 2986 5 vs. vs. IN 12299 2986 6 _ _ NNP 12299 2986 7 small small JJ 12299 2986 8 test test NN 12299 2986 9 - - HYPH 12299 2986 10 pieces piece NNS 12299 2986 11 in in IN 12299 2986 12 testing test VBG 12299 2986 13 wood wood NN 12299 2986 14 . . . 12299 2987 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 2987 2 . . . 12299 2988 1 Int Int NNP 12299 2988 2 . . . 12299 2989 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 2989 2 . . . 12299 2990 1 Test Test NNP 12299 2990 2 . . . 12299 2991 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 2991 2 . . NNP 12299 2991 3 , , , 12299 2991 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 2991 5 , , , 12299 2991 6 XXIII_{1 XXIII_{1 NNP 12299 2991 7 } } -RRB- 12299 2991 8 , , , 12299 2991 9 pp pp NNP 12299 2991 10 . . . 12299 2992 1 7 7 LS 12299 2992 2 . . . 12299 2993 1 SARGENT SARGENT NNP 12299 2993 2 , , , 12299 2993 3 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 12299 2993 4 SPRAGUE SPRAGUE NNP 12299 2993 5 : : : 12299 2993 6 Woods Woods NNP 12299 2993 7 of of IN 12299 2993 8 the the DT 12299 2993 9 United United NNP 12299 2993 10 States States NNP 12299 2993 11 , , , 12299 2993 12 with with IN 12299 2993 13 an an DT 12299 2993 14 account account NN 12299 2993 15 of of IN 12299 2993 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 2993 17 structure structure NN 12299 2993 18 , , , 12299 2993 19 qualities quality NNS 12299 2993 20 , , , 12299 2993 21 and and CC 12299 2993 22 uses use NNS 12299 2993 23 . . . 12299 2994 1 New New NNP 12299 2994 2 York York NNP 12299 2994 3 , , , 12299 2994 4 1885 1885 CD 12299 2994 5 . . . 12299 2995 1 SCHNEIDER SCHNEIDER NNP 12299 2995 2 , , , 12299 2995 3 A. a. NN 12299 2995 4 : : : 12299 2995 5 Zusammengesetzte Zusammengesetzte NNP 12299 2995 6 Träger Träger NNP 12299 2995 7 . . . 12299 2996 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12299 2996 2 d. d. NNP 12299 2996 3 Oesterr Oesterr NNP 12299 2996 4 . . . 12299 2997 1 Ing Ing NNP 12299 2997 2 . . . 12299 2998 1 u. u. NNP 12299 2998 2 Arch Arch NNP 12299 2998 3 . . . 12299 2999 1 Ver Ver NNP 12299 2999 2 . . NNP 12299 2999 3 , , , 12299 2999 4 Nov. November NNP 12299 2999 5 24 24 CD 12299 2999 6 ; ; : 12299 2999 7 Dec. December NNP 12299 2999 8 9 9 CD 12299 2999 9 , , , 12299 2999 10 1899 1899 CD 12299 2999 11 . . . 12299 3000 1 SCHWAPPACH SCHWAPPACH NNP 12299 3000 2 , , , 12299 3000 3 A.F. A.F. NNP 12299 3001 1 : : : 12299 3001 2 Beiträge beitrã¤ge UH 12299 3001 3 zur zur NNP 12299 3001 4 Kenntniss Kenntniss NNP 12299 3001 5 der der VBP 12299 3001 6 Qualität Qualität NNPS 12299 3001 7 des des NNP 12299 3001 8 Rotbuchenholzes Rotbuchenholzes NNP 12299 3001 9 . . . 12299 3002 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12299 3002 2 f. f. NNP 12299 3002 3 Forst- Forst- NNP 12299 3002 4 und und NN 12299 3002 5 Jagdwesen Jagdwesen NNP 12299 3002 6 , , , 12299 3002 7 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 3002 8 , , , 12299 3002 9 1894 1894 CD 12299 3002 10 , , , 12299 3002 11 pp pp NNP 12299 3002 12 . . . 12299 3003 1 513 513 CD 12299 3003 2 - - SYM 12299 3003 3 539 539 CD 12299 3003 4 . . . 12299 3004 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3004 2 : : : 12299 3004 3 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 3004 4 über über VBZ 12299 3004 5 Raumgewicht Raumgewicht NNP 12299 3004 6 und und NN 12299 3004 7 Druckfestigkeit Druckfestigkeit NNP 12299 3004 8 des des NNP 12299 3004 9 Holzes Holzes NNP 12299 3004 10 wichtiger wichtig JJR 12299 3004 11 Waldbäume waldbã¤ume NN 12299 3004 12 . . . 12299 3005 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 3005 2 , , , 12299 3005 3 1897 1897 CD 12299 3005 4 - - SYM 12299 3005 5 98 98 CD 12299 3005 6 . . . 12299 3006 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3006 2 : : : 12299 3006 3 Etablissement etablissement NN 12299 3006 4 de de NNP 12299 3006 5 mà mà NNP 12299 3006 6 © © NNP 12299 3006 7 thodes thode VBZ 12299 3006 8 uniformes uniforme NNS 12299 3006 9 pour pour VBP 12299 3006 10 l'essai l'essai NNP 12299 3006 11 à à NNP 12299 3006 12 ¡ ¡ XX 12299 3006 13 la la NNP 12299 3006 14 compression compression NNP 12299 3006 15 des des NNP 12299 3006 16 bois bois NNP 12299 3006 17 . . . 12299 3007 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3007 2 . . . 12299 3008 1 Int Int NNP 12299 3008 2 . . . 12299 3009 1 Assn assn UH 12299 3009 2 . . . 12299 3010 1 Test Test NNP 12299 3010 2 . . . 12299 3011 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 3011 2 . . NNP 12299 3011 3 , , , 12299 3011 4 1901 1901 CD 12299 3011 5 , , , 12299 3011 6 Rapport Rapport NNP 12299 3011 7 23 23 CD 12299 3011 8 , , , 12299 3011 9 pp pp NNP 12299 3011 10 . . . 12299 3012 1 28 28 CD 12299 3012 2 . . . 12299 3013 1 SEBERT SEBERT NNP 12299 3013 2 , , , 12299 3013 3 H. H. NNP 12299 3013 4 : : : 12299 3013 5 Notice notice NN 12299 3013 6 sur sur FW 12299 3013 7 les les FW 12299 3013 8 bois bois NNP 12299 3013 9 de de NNP 12299 3013 10 la la NNP 12299 3013 11 Nouvelle Nouvelle NNP 12299 3013 12 Calà Calà NNP 12299 3013 13 © © NNP 12299 3013 14 donie donie NN 12299 3013 15 suivie suivie NN 12299 3013 16 de de IN 12299 3013 17 considerations consideration NNS 12299 3013 18 gà gà NNP 12299 3013 19 © © NNP 12299 3013 20 nerates nerate NNS 12299 3013 21 sur sur FW 12299 3013 22 les les NNP 12299 3013 23 proprià proprià NNP 12299 3013 24 © © NNP 12299 3013 25 tà tà NNP 12299 3013 26 © © NNP 12299 3013 27 s s NN 12299 3013 28 mà mà NNP 12299 3013 29 © © NNP 12299 3013 30 caniques canique NNS 12299 3013 31 des des NNP 12299 3013 32 bois bois NNP 12299 3013 33 et et NNP 12299 3013 34 sur sur FW 12299 3013 35 les les NNP 12299 3013 36 precà precà NNP 12299 3013 37 © © NNP 12299 3013 38 dà dà NNP 12299 3013 39 © © NNP 12299 3013 40 s s NN 12299 3013 41 employà employà NNP 12299 3013 42 © © NNP 12299 3013 43 s s NNP 12299 3013 44 pour pour VBP 12299 3013 45 les les NNP 12299 3013 46 mesurer mesurer NNP 12299 3013 47 . . . 12299 3014 1 Paris Paris NNP 12299 3014 2 . . . 12299 3015 1 SHERMAN SHERMAN NNP 12299 3015 2 , , , 12299 3015 3 EDWARD EDWARD NNP 12299 3015 4 C. C. NNP 12299 3015 5 : : : 12299 3015 6 Crushing crush VBG 12299 3015 7 tests test NNS 12299 3015 8 on on IN 12299 3015 9 water water NN 12299 3015 10 - - HYPH 12299 3015 11 soaked soak VBN 12299 3015 12 timbers timber NNS 12299 3015 13 . . . 12299 3016 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 3016 2 . . . 12299 3017 1 News News NNP 12299 3017 2 , , , 12299 3017 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3017 4 . . . 12299 3018 1 LXII lxii RB 12299 3018 2 , , , 12299 3018 3 1909 1909 CD 12299 3018 4 , , , 12299 3018 5 p. p. NN 12299 3018 6 22 22 CD 12299 3018 7 . . . 12299 3019 1 SNOW SNOW NNP 12299 3019 2 , , , 12299 3019 3 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 12299 3019 4 H. H. NNP 12299 3019 5 : : : 12299 3019 6 The the DT 12299 3019 7 principal principal JJ 12299 3019 8 species specie NNS 12299 3019 9 of of IN 12299 3019 10 wood wood NN 12299 3019 11 : : : 12299 3019 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 3019 13 characteristic characteristic JJ 12299 3019 14 properties property NNS 12299 3019 15 . . . 12299 3020 1 New New NNP 12299 3020 2 York York NNP 12299 3020 3 , , , 12299 3020 4 1908 1908 CD 12299 3020 5 . . . 12299 3021 1 STAUFFER stauffer NN 12299 3021 2 , , , 12299 3021 3 OTTMAR OTTMAR VBN 12299 3021 4 : : : 12299 3021 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 3021 6 über über NNS 12299 3021 7 specifisches specifische VBZ 12299 3021 8 Trockengewicht Trockengewicht NNP 12299 3021 9 , , , 12299 3021 10 sowie sowie JJ 12299 3021 11 anatomisches anatomische VBZ 12299 3021 12 Verhalten Verhalten NNP 12299 3021 13 des des FW 12299 3021 14 Holzes Holzes NNP 12299 3021 15 der der VB 12299 3021 16 Birke Birke NNP 12299 3021 17 . . . 12299 3022 1 München München NNP 12299 3022 2 , , , 12299 3022 3 1892 1892 CD 12299 3022 4 . . . 12299 3023 1 STENS STENS NNP 12299 3023 2 , , , 12299 3023 3 D. D. NNP 12299 3023 4 : : : 12299 3023 5 Ueber Ueber NNP 12299 3023 6 die die VBP 12299 3023 7 Eigenschaftenimprägnierter eigenschaftenimprã¤gnierter NN 12299 3023 8 Grubenholzer Grubenholzer NNP 12299 3023 9 , , , 12299 3023 10 insbesondere insbesondere RB 12299 3023 11 über ã¼ber UH 12299 3023 12 ihre ihre UH 12299 3023 13 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 3023 14 . . . 12299 3024 1 Glückauf glã¼ckauf ADD 12299 3024 2 , , , 12299 3024 3 Essen Essen NNP 12299 3024 4 , , , 12299 3024 5 Mch Mch NNP 12299 3024 6 . . . 12299 3025 1 6 6 CD 12299 3025 2 , , , 12299 3025 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 3025 4 . . . 12299 3026 1 Strength strength NN 12299 3026 2 of of IN 12299 3026 3 wood wood NN 12299 3026 4 for for IN 12299 3026 5 pavements pavement NNS 12299 3026 6 . . . 12299 3027 1 Can Can MD 12299 3027 2 . . . 12299 3028 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 3028 2 . . NNP 12299 3028 3 , , , 12299 3028 4 Toronto Toronto NNP 12299 3028 5 , , , 12299 3028 6 Sept. September NNP 12299 3028 7 12 12 CD 12299 3028 8 , , , 12299 3028 9 1912 1912 CD 12299 3028 10 . . . 12299 3029 1 STà STà NNP 12299 3029 2 � � HYPH 12299 3029 3 BSCHEN BSCHEN NNP 12299 3029 4 - - HYPH 12299 3029 5 KISCHNER KISCHNER NNP 12299 3029 6 : : : 12299 3029 7 Karmarsch Karmarsch NNP 12299 3029 8 - - HYPH 12299 3029 9 Heerins Heerins NNP 12299 3029 10 technisches technische VBZ 12299 3029 11 Wröterbuch Wröterbuch NNP 12299 3029 12 . . . 12299 3030 1 3 3 LS 12299 3030 2 . . . 12299 3031 1 Aufl Aufl NNP 12299 3031 2 . . . 12299 3031 3 , , , 12299 3031 4 1886 1886 CD 12299 3031 5 . . . 12299 3032 1 TALBOT TALBOT NNP 12299 3032 2 , , , 12299 3032 3 ARTHUR ARTHUR NNP 12299 3032 4 N. N. NNP 12299 3032 5 : : : 12299 3032 6 Tests test NNS 12299 3032 7 of of IN 12299 3032 8 timber timber NN 12299 3032 9 beams beam NNS 12299 3032 10 . . . 12299 3033 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3033 2 . . . 12299 3034 1 41 41 CD 12299 3034 2 , , , 12299 3034 3 Eng Eng NNP 12299 3034 4 . . . 12299 3035 1 Exp Exp NNP 12299 3035 2 . . . 12299 3036 1 Sta Sta NNP 12299 3036 2 . . NNP 12299 3036 3 , , , 12299 3036 4 Univ Univ NNP 12299 3036 5 . . . 12299 3037 1 of of IN 12299 3037 2 Ill. Illinois NNP 12299 3037 3 , , , 12299 3037 4 Urbana Urbana NNP 12299 3037 5 , , , 12299 3037 6 1910 1910 CD 12299 3037 7 . . . 12299 3038 1 Tests test NNS 12299 3038 2 of of IN 12299 3038 3 wooden wooden JJ 12299 3038 4 beams beam NNS 12299 3038 5 made make VBN 12299 3038 6 at at IN 12299 3038 7 the the DT 12299 3038 8 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 12299 3038 9 Institute Institute NNP 12299 3038 10 of of IN 12299 3038 11 Technology Technology NNP 12299 3038 12 on on IN 12299 3038 13 spruce spruce NN 12299 3038 14 , , , 12299 3038 15 white white JJ 12299 3038 16 pine pine NN 12299 3038 17 , , , 12299 3038 18 yellow yellow JJ 12299 3038 19 pine pine NN 12299 3038 20 , , , 12299 3038 21 and and CC 12299 3038 22 oak oak NN 12299 3038 23 beams beam NNS 12299 3038 24 of of IN 12299 3038 25 commercial commercial JJ 12299 3038 26 sizes size NNS 12299 3038 27 . . . 12299 3039 1 Technology Technology NNP 12299 3039 2 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 12299 3039 3 , , , 12299 3039 4 Boston Boston NNP 12299 3039 5 , , , 12299 3039 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3039 7 . . . 12299 3040 1 VII VII NNP 12299 3040 2 , , , 12299 3040 3 1894 1894 CD 12299 3040 4 . . . 12299 3041 1 TETMAJER TETMAJER NNP 12299 3041 2 , , , 12299 3041 3 L. L. NNP 12299 3041 4 v. v. IN 12299 3041 5 : : : 12299 3041 6 Zur Zur NNP 12299 3041 7 Frage Frage NNP 12299 3041 8 der der VBP 12299 3041 9 Knickungsfestigkeit Knickungsfestigkeit NNP 12299 3041 10 der der VBP 12299 3041 11 Bauhölzer Bauhölzer NNP 12299 3041 12 . . . 12299 3042 1 Schweizerische Schweizerische NNP 12299 3042 2 Bauzeitung Bauzeitung NNP 12299 3042 3 , , , 12299 3042 4 Bd Bd NNP 12299 3042 5 . . . 12299 3043 1 11 11 CD 12299 3043 2 , , , 12299 3043 3 Nr Nr NNP 12299 3043 4 . . . 12299 3044 1 17 17 CD 12299 3044 2 . . . 12299 3045 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3045 2 : : : 12299 3045 3 Methoden Methoden NNP 12299 3045 4 und und JJ 12299 3045 5 Resultate Resultate NNP 12299 3045 6 der der VBD 12299 3045 7 Prüfung prã¼fung CD 12299 3045 8 der der NNP 12299 3045 9 schweizerischen schweizerischen NNP 12299 3045 10 Bauhölzer Bauhölzer NNP 12299 3045 11 . . . 12299 3046 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 3046 2 . . . 12299 3047 1 d. d. NNP 12299 3047 2 Anstalt Anstalt NNP 12299 3047 3 z. z. NNP 12299 3047 4 Prüfung prã¼fung CD 12299 3047 5 v. v. IN 12299 3047 6 Baumaterialien Baumaterialien NNP 12299 3047 7 am am NNP 12299 3047 8 eidgenössischen eidgenössischen NNP 12299 3047 9 Polytechnicum Polytechnicum NNP 12299 3047 10 in in IN 12299 3047 11 Zürich zã¼rich NN 12299 3047 12 . . . 12299 3048 1 2 2 LS 12299 3048 2 . . . 12299 3049 1 Hft hft UH 12299 3049 2 . . NNP 12299 3049 3 , , , 12299 3049 4 1884 1884 CD 12299 3049 5 . . . 12299 3050 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3050 2 : : : 12299 3050 3 Methoden Methoden NNP 12299 3050 4 und und JJ 12299 3050 5 Resultate Resultate NNP 12299 3050 6 der der VBD 12299 3050 7 Prüfung prã¼fung CD 12299 3050 8 der der NNP 12299 3050 9 schweizerischen schweizerischen NNP 12299 3050 10 Bauhölzer Bauhölzer NNP 12299 3050 11 . . . 12299 3051 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 3051 2 . . . 12299 3052 1 d. d. NNP 12299 3052 2 Materialprüfungs Materialprüfungs NNP 12299 3052 3 - - : 12299 3052 4 Anstalt Anstalt NNP 12299 3052 5 am am NN 12299 3052 6 Schweiz Schweiz NNP 12299 3052 7 . . . 12299 3053 1 Polytechnikum Polytechnikum NNP 12299 3053 2 in in IN 12299 3053 3 Zürich zã¼rich NN 12299 3053 4 . . . 12299 3054 1 Landesaustellungs Landesaustellungs NNP 12299 3054 2 - - HYPH 12299 3054 3 Ausgabe Ausgabe NNP 12299 3054 4 , , , 12299 3054 5 2 2 CD 12299 3054 6 . . . 12299 3055 1 Hft hft UH 12299 3055 2 . . NNP 12299 3055 3 , , , 12299 3055 4 Zürich Zürich NNP 12299 3055 5 , , , 12299 3055 6 1896 1896 CD 12299 3055 7 . . . 12299 3056 1 THELEN THELEN NNP 12299 3056 2 , , , 12299 3056 3 ROLF ROLF NNP 12299 3056 4 : : : 12299 3056 5 The the DT 12299 3056 6 structural structural JJ 12299 3056 7 timbers timber NNS 12299 3056 8 of of IN 12299 3056 9 the the DT 12299 3056 10 Pacific Pacific NNP 12299 3056 11 Coast Coast NNP 12299 3056 12 . . . 12299 3057 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3057 2 . . . 12299 3058 1 Am Am NNP 12299 3058 2 . . . 12299 3059 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 3059 2 . . . 12299 3060 1 Test Test NNP 12299 3060 2 . . . 12299 3061 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 3061 2 . . NNP 12299 3061 3 , , , 12299 3061 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3061 5 . . . 12299 3062 1 VIII VIII NNP 12299 3062 2 , , , 12299 3062 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 3062 4 , , , 12299 3062 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3062 6 . . . 12299 3063 1 558 558 CD 12299 3063 2 - - SYM 12299 3063 3 567 567 CD 12299 3063 4 . . . 12299 3064 1 THURSTON THURSTON NNP 12299 3064 2 , , , 12299 3064 3 R.H. R.H. NNP 12299 3064 4 : : : 12299 3064 5 Torsional torsional JJ 12299 3064 6 resistance resistance NN 12299 3064 7 of of IN 12299 3064 8 materials material NNS 12299 3064 9 determined determine VBN 12299 3064 10 by by IN 12299 3064 11 a a DT 12299 3064 12 new new JJ 12299 3064 13 apparatus apparatus NN 12299 3064 14 with with IN 12299 3064 15 automatic automatic JJ 12299 3064 16 registry registry NN 12299 3064 17 . . . 12299 3065 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 3065 2 . . . 12299 3066 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 3066 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 3066 3 . . . 12299 3066 4 , , , 12299 3066 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3066 6 . . . 12299 3067 1 LXV LXV NNP 12299 3067 2 , , , 12299 3067 3 1873 1873 CD 12299 3067 4 , , , 12299 3067 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3067 6 . . . 12299 3068 1 254 254 CD 12299 3068 2 - - SYM 12299 3068 3 260 260 CD 12299 3068 4 . . . 12299 3069 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3069 2 : : : 12299 3069 3 On on IN 12299 3069 4 the the DT 12299 3069 5 strength strength NN 12299 3069 6 of of IN 12299 3069 7 American american JJ 12299 3069 8 timber timber NN 12299 3069 9 . . . 12299 3070 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3070 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 3070 3 . . . 12299 3070 4 _ _ NNP 12299 3070 5 , , , 12299 3070 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3070 7 . . . 12299 3071 1 LXXVIII LXXVIII NNP 12299 3071 2 , , , 12299 3071 3 1879 1879 CD 12299 3071 4 , , , 12299 3071 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3071 6 . . . 12299 3072 1 217 217 CD 12299 3072 2 - - SYM 12299 3072 3 235 235 CD 12299 3072 4 . . . 12299 3073 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3073 2 : : : 12299 3073 3 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 3073 4 on on IN 12299 3073 5 the the DT 12299 3073 6 strength strength NN 12299 3073 7 of of IN 12299 3073 8 yellow yellow JJ 12299 3073 9 pine pine NN 12299 3073 10 . . . 12299 3074 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3074 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 3074 3 . . . 12299 3074 4 _ _ NNP 12299 3074 5 , , , 12299 3074 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3074 7 . . . 12299 3075 1 LXXIX LXXIX NNP 12299 3075 2 , , , 12299 3075 3 1880 1880 CD 12299 3075 4 , , , 12299 3075 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3075 6 . . . 12299 3076 1 157 157 CD 12299 3076 2 - - SYM 12299 3076 3 163 163 CD 12299 3076 4 . . . 12299 3077 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3077 2 : : : 12299 3077 3 Influence influence NN 12299 3077 4 of of IN 12299 3077 5 time time NN 12299 3077 6 on on IN 12299 3077 7 bending bend VBG 12299 3077 8 strength strength NN 12299 3077 9 and and CC 12299 3077 10 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 3077 11 . . . 12299 3078 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3078 2 . . . 12299 3079 1 Am Am NNP 12299 3079 2 . . . 12299 3080 1 Assn assn UH 12299 3080 2 . . . 12299 3081 1 for for IN 12299 3081 2 Adv Adv NNP 12299 3081 3 . . . 12299 3082 1 Sci Sci NNP 12299 3082 2 . . NNP 12299 3082 3 , , , 12299 3082 4 1881 1881 CD 12299 3082 5 . . . 12299 3083 1 Also also RB 12299 3083 2 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3083 3 . . . 12299 3084 1 Inst inst RB 12299 3084 2 . . . 12299 3085 1 C.E. C.E. NNP 12299 3085 2 , , , 12299 3085 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3085 4 . . . 12299 3086 1 LXXI LXXI NNP 12299 3086 2 . . . 12299 3087 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3087 2 : : : 12299 3087 3 On on IN 12299 3087 4 the the DT 12299 3087 5 effect effect NN 12299 3087 6 of of IN 12299 3087 7 prolonged prolonged JJ 12299 3087 8 stress stress NN 12299 3087 9 upon upon IN 12299 3087 10 the the DT 12299 3087 11 strength strength NN 12299 3087 12 and and CC 12299 3087 13 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 3087 14 of of IN 12299 3087 15 pine pine JJ 12299 3087 16 timber timber NN 12299 3087 17 . . . 12299 3088 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 3088 2 . . . 12299 3089 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 3089 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 3089 3 . . . 12299 3089 4 , , , 12299 3089 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3089 6 . . . 12299 3090 1 LXXX LXXX NNP 12299 3090 2 , , , 12299 3090 3 1881 1881 CD 12299 3090 4 , , , 12299 3090 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3090 6 . . . 12299 3091 1 161 161 CD 12299 3091 2 - - SYM 12299 3091 3 169 169 CD 12299 3091 4 . . . 12299 3092 1 THURSTON THURSTON NNP 12299 3092 2 , , , 12299 3092 3 R.H. R.H. NNP 12299 3092 4 : : : 12299 3092 5 On on IN 12299 3092 6 Flint Flint NNP 12299 3092 7 's 's POS 12299 3092 8 investigations investigation NNS 12299 3092 9 of of IN 12299 3092 10 Nicaraguan nicaraguan JJ 12299 3092 11 woods wood NNS 12299 3092 12 . . . 12299 3093 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3093 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 3093 3 . . . 12299 3093 4 _ _ NNP 12299 3093 5 , , , 12299 3093 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3093 7 . . . 12299 3094 1 XCIV XCIV NNP 12299 3094 2 , , , 12299 3094 3 1887 1887 CD 12299 3094 4 , , , 12299 3094 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3094 6 . . . 12299 3095 1 289 289 CD 12299 3095 2 - - SYM 12299 3095 3 315 315 CD 12299 3095 4 . . . 12299 3096 1 TIEMANN TIEMANN NNP 12299 3096 2 , , , 12299 3096 3 HARRY HARRY NNP 12299 3096 4 DONALD DONALD VBD 12299 3096 5 : : : 12299 3096 6 The the DT 12299 3096 7 effect effect NN 12299 3096 8 of of IN 12299 3096 9 moisture moisture NN 12299 3096 10 and and CC 12299 3096 11 other other JJ 12299 3096 12 extrinsic extrinsic NN 12299 3096 13 factors factor NNS 12299 3096 14 upon upon IN 12299 3096 15 the the DT 12299 3096 16 strength strength NN 12299 3096 17 of of IN 12299 3096 18 wood wood NN 12299 3096 19 . . . 12299 3097 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3097 2 . . . 12299 3098 1 Am Am NNP 12299 3098 2 . . . 12299 3099 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 3099 2 . . . 12299 3100 1 Test Test NNP 12299 3100 2 . . . 12299 3101 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 3101 2 . . NNP 12299 3101 3 , , , 12299 3101 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3101 5 . . . 12299 3102 1 VII VII NNP 12299 3102 2 , , , 12299 3102 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 3102 4 , , , 12299 3102 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3102 6 . . . 12299 3103 1 582 582 CD 12299 3103 2 - - SYM 12299 3103 3 594 594 CD 12299 3103 4 . . . 12299 3104 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3104 2 : : : 12299 3104 3 The the DT 12299 3104 4 effect effect NN 12299 3104 5 of of IN 12299 3104 6 the the DT 12299 3104 7 speed speed NN 12299 3104 8 of of IN 12299 3104 9 testing testing NN 12299 3104 10 upon upon IN 12299 3104 11 the the DT 12299 3104 12 strength strength NN 12299 3104 13 of of IN 12299 3104 14 wood wood NN 12299 3104 15 and and CC 12299 3104 16 the the DT 12299 3104 17 standardization standardization NN 12299 3104 18 of of IN 12299 3104 19 tests test NNS 12299 3104 20 for for IN 12299 3104 21 speed speed NN 12299 3104 22 . . . 12299 3105 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3105 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 3105 3 . . . 12299 3105 4 _ _ NNP 12299 3105 5 , , , 12299 3105 6 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3105 7 . . . 12299 3106 1 VIII VIII NNP 12299 3106 2 , , , 12299 3106 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 3106 4 , , , 12299 3106 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3106 6 . . . 12299 3107 1 541 541 CD 12299 3107 2 - - SYM 12299 3107 3 557 557 CD 12299 3107 4 . . . 12299 3108 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3108 2 : : : 12299 3108 3 The the DT 12299 3108 4 theory theory NN 12299 3108 5 of of IN 12299 3108 6 impact impact NN 12299 3108 7 and and CC 12299 3108 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 3108 9 application application NN 12299 3108 10 to to IN 12299 3108 11 testing testing NN 12299 3108 12 materials material NNS 12299 3108 13 . . . 12299 3109 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 3109 2 . . . 12299 3110 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 3110 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 3110 3 . . . 12299 3110 4 , , , 12299 3110 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3110 6 . . . 12299 3111 1 CLXVIII CLXVIII NNP 12299 3111 2 , , , 12299 3111 3 1909 1909 CD 12299 3111 4 , , , 12299 3111 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3111 6 . . . 12299 3112 1 235 235 CD 12299 3112 2 - - SYM 12299 3112 3 259 259 CD 12299 3112 4 ; ; : 12299 3112 5 336 336 CD 12299 3112 6 - - SYM 12299 3112 7 364 364 CD 12299 3112 8 . . . 12299 3113 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3113 2 : : : 12299 3113 3 Some some DT 12299 3113 4 results result NNS 12299 3113 5 of of IN 12299 3113 6 dead dead JJ 12299 3113 7 load load NN 12299 3113 8 bending bend VBG 12299 3113 9 tests test NNS 12299 3113 10 of of IN 12299 3113 11 timber timber NN 12299 3113 12 by by IN 12299 3113 13 means mean NNS 12299 3113 14 of of IN 12299 3113 15 a a DT 12299 3113 16 recording recording NN 12299 3113 17 deflectometer deflectometer NN 12299 3113 18 . . . 12299 3114 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3114 2 . . . 12299 3115 1 Am Am NNP 12299 3115 2 . . . 12299 3116 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 3116 2 . . . 12299 3117 1 Test Test NNP 12299 3117 2 . . . 12299 3118 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 3118 2 . . NNP 12299 3118 3 , , , 12299 3118 4 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3118 5 . . . 12299 3119 1 IX ix NN 12299 3119 2 , , , 12299 3119 3 1909 1909 CD 12299 3119 4 , , , 12299 3119 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3119 6 . . . 12299 3120 1 534 534 CD 12299 3120 2 - - SYM 12299 3120 3 548 548 CD 12299 3120 4 . . . 12299 3121 1 TJADEN TJADEN NNP 12299 3121 2 , , , 12299 3121 3 M.E.H. M.E.H. NNP 12299 3122 1 : : : 12299 3122 2 Het Het NNP 12299 3122 3 Indrukken Indrukken NNP 12299 3122 4 van van NNP 12299 3122 5 Paalkoppen Paalkoppen NNP 12299 3122 6 in in IN 12299 3122 7 Kespen Kespen NNP 12299 3122 8 . . . 12299 3123 1 De De NNP 12299 3123 2 Ingenieur Ingenieur NNP 12299 3123 3 , , , 12299 3123 4 Sept. September NNP 12299 3123 5 11 11 CD 12299 3123 6 , , , 12299 3123 7 1909 1909 CD 12299 3123 8 . . . 12299 3124 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3124 2 : : : 12299 3124 3 Weerstand Weerstand NNP 12299 3124 4 van van NNP 12299 3124 5 Hout Hout NNP 12299 3124 6 loodrecht loodrecht NNP 12299 3124 7 op op NN 12299 3124 8 de de NNP 12299 3124 9 Vezelrichting Vezelrichting NNP 12299 3124 10 . . . 12299 3125 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3125 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 3125 3 . . . 12299 3125 4 _ _ NNP 12299 3125 5 , , , 12299 3125 6 May May NNP 12299 3125 7 , , , 12299 3125 8 1911 1911 CD 12299 3125 9 . . . 12299 3126 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3126 2 : : : 12299 3126 3 Buigvastheid Buigvastheid NNP 12299 3126 4 van van NNP 12299 3126 5 Hout Hout NNP 12299 3126 6 . . . 12299 3127 1 _ _ NNP 12299 3127 2 Ibid Ibid NNP 12299 3127 3 . . . 12299 3127 4 _ _ NNP 12299 3127 5 , , , 12299 3127 6 May May NNP 12299 3127 7 31 31 CD 12299 3127 8 , , , 12299 3127 9 1913 1913 CD 12299 3127 10 . . . 12299 3128 1 TRAUTWINE TRAUTWINE NNP 12299 3128 2 , , , 12299 3128 3 JOHN JOHN NNP 12299 3128 4 C. C. NNP 12299 3128 5 : : : 12299 3128 6 Shearing shear VBG 12299 3128 7 strength strength NN 12299 3128 8 of of IN 12299 3128 9 some some DT 12299 3128 10 American american JJ 12299 3128 11 woods wood NNS 12299 3128 12 . . . 12299 3129 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 3129 2 . . . 12299 3130 1 Franklin Franklin NNP 12299 3130 2 Inst Inst NNP 12299 3130 3 . . . 12299 3130 4 , , , 12299 3130 5 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3130 6 . . . 12299 3131 1 CIX CIX NNP 12299 3131 2 , , , 12299 3131 3 1880 1880 CD 12299 3131 4 , , , 12299 3131 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3131 6 . . . 12299 3132 1 105 105 CD 12299 3132 2 - - SYM 12299 3132 3 106 106 CD 12299 3132 4 . . . 12299 3133 1 TREDGOLD TREDGOLD NNP 12299 3133 2 , , , 12299 3133 3 THOMAS THOMAS NNP 12299 3133 4 : : : 12299 3133 5 Elementary elementary JJ 12299 3133 6 principles principle NNS 12299 3133 7 of of IN 12299 3133 8 carpentry carpentry NN 12299 3133 9 . . . 12299 3134 1 London London NNP 12299 3134 2 , , , 12299 3134 3 1870 1870 CD 12299 3134 4 . . . 12299 3135 1 TURNBULL TURNBULL NNP 12299 3135 2 , , , 12299 3135 3 W. W. NNP 12299 3135 4 : : : 12299 3135 5 A a DT 12299 3135 6 practical practical JJ 12299 3135 7 treatise treatise NN 12299 3135 8 on on IN 12299 3135 9 the the DT 12299 3135 10 strength strength NN 12299 3135 11 and and CC 12299 3135 12 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 3135 13 of of IN 12299 3135 14 timber timber NN 12299 3135 15 . . . 12299 3136 1 London London NNP 12299 3136 2 , , , 12299 3136 3 1833 1833 CD 12299 3136 4 . . . 12299 3137 1 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12299 3137 2 über über VBZ 12299 3137 3 den den NN 12299 3137 4 Einfluss Einfluss NNP 12299 3137 5 des des FW 12299 3137 6 Blauwerdens Blauwerdens NNP 12299 3137 7 auf auf NN 12299 3137 8 die die VBP 12299 3137 9 Festigkeit Festigkeit NNP 12299 3137 10 von von NNP 12299 3137 11 Kiefernholz Kiefernholz NNP 12299 3137 12 . . . 12299 3138 1 Mitt Mitt NNP 12299 3138 2 . . . 12299 3139 1 a. a. NN 12299 3139 2 d. d. NNP 12299 3139 3 könig könig NNP 12299 3139 4 . . . 12299 3140 1 techn techn NNP 12299 3140 2 . . . 12299 3141 1 Versuchsanstalten Versuchsanstalten NNP 12299 3141 2 , , , 12299 3141 3 I -PRON- PRP 12299 3141 4 , , , 12299 3141 5 1897 1897 CD 12299 3141 6 . . . 12299 3142 1 Verfahren Verfahren NNP 12299 3142 2 zur zur NNP 12299 3142 3 Prüfung prã¼fung CD 12299 3142 4 v. v. IN 12299 3142 5 Metallen Metallen NNP 12299 3142 6 und und JJ 12299 3142 7 Legierungen Legierungen NNP 12299 3142 8 , , , 12299 3142 9 von von NNP 12299 3142 10 hydraulischen hydraulischen NNP 12299 3142 11 Bindemitteln Bindemitteln NNP 12299 3142 12 , , , 12299 3142 13 von von NNP 12299 3142 14 Holz Holz NNP 12299 3142 15 , , , 12299 3142 16 von von NNP 12299 3142 17 Ton- Ton- NNP 12299 3142 18 , , , 12299 3142 19 Steinzeug- Steinzeug- NNP 12299 3142 20 und und JJ 12299 3142 21 Zementröhren zementrã¶hren NN 12299 3142 22 . . . 12299 3143 1 Empfohlen Empfohlen NNP 12299 3143 2 v. v. IN 12299 3143 3 dem dem NNP 12299 3143 4 in in IN 12299 3143 5 Brüssel brã¼ssel CD 12299 3143 6 v. v. CC 12299 3143 7 3 3 CD 12299 3143 8 - - SYM 12299 3143 9 6 6 CD 12299 3143 10 , , , 12299 3143 11 IX IX NNP 12299 3143 12 , , , 12299 3143 13 1906 1906 CD 12299 3143 14 , , , 12299 3143 15 abgeh abgeh NN 12299 3143 16 . . . 12299 3144 1 IV IV NNP 12299 3144 2 . . . 12299 3145 1 Kongress kongress JJ 12299 3145 2 des des NNP 12299 3145 3 internationalen internationalen NN 12299 3145 4 Verbandes Verbandes NNP 12299 3145 5 f. f. NNP 12299 3145 6 die die VBP 12299 3145 7 Materialprüfungen materialprã¼fungen CD 12299 3145 8 der der IN 12299 3145 9 Technik Technik NNP 12299 3145 10 . . . 12299 3146 1 Wien Wien NNP 12299 3146 2 , , , 12299 3146 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 3146 4 . . . 12299 3147 1 WARREN WARREN NNP 12299 3147 2 , , , 12299 3147 3 W.H. W.H. NNP 12299 3148 1 : : : 12299 3148 2 Australian australian JJ 12299 3148 3 timbers timber NNS 12299 3148 4 . . . 12299 3149 1 Sydney Sydney NNP 12299 3149 2 , , , 12299 3149 3 1892 1892 CD 12299 3149 4 . . . 12299 3150 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3150 2 : : : 12299 3150 3 The the DT 12299 3150 4 strength strength NN 12299 3150 5 , , , 12299 3150 6 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 3150 7 , , , 12299 3150 8 and and CC 12299 3150 9 other other JJ 12299 3150 10 properties property NNS 12299 3150 11 of of IN 12299 3150 12 New New NNP 12299 3150 13 South South NNP 12299 3150 14 Wales Wales NNP 12299 3150 15 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 3150 16 timbers timber NNS 12299 3150 17 . . . 12299 3151 1 Sydney Sydney NNP 12299 3151 2 , , , 12299 3151 3 1911 1911 CD 12299 3151 4 . . . 12299 3152 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3152 2 : : : 12299 3152 3 The the DT 12299 3152 4 strength strength NN 12299 3152 5 , , , 12299 3152 6 elasticity elasticity NN 12299 3152 7 , , , 12299 3152 8 and and CC 12299 3152 9 other other JJ 12299 3152 10 properties property NNS 12299 3152 11 of of IN 12299 3152 12 New New NNP 12299 3152 13 South South NNP 12299 3152 14 Wales Wales NNP 12299 3152 15 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 3152 16 timbers timber NNS 12299 3152 17 . . . 12299 3153 1 Proc Proc NNP 12299 3153 2 . . . 12299 3154 1 Int Int NNP 12299 3154 2 . . . 12299 3155 1 Assn assn UH 12299 3155 2 . . . 12299 3156 1 Test Test NNP 12299 3156 2 . . . 12299 3157 1 Mat Mat NNP 12299 3157 2 . . NNP 12299 3157 3 , , , 12299 3157 4 1912 1912 CD 12299 3157 5 , , , 12299 3157 6 XXIII_{6 XXIII_{6 NNP 12299 3157 7 } } -RRB- 12299 3157 8 , , , 12299 3157 9 pp pp NNP 12299 3157 10 . . . 12299 3158 1 9 9 CD 12299 3158 2 . . . 12299 3159 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3159 2 : : : 12299 3159 3 The the DT 12299 3159 4 properties property NNS 12299 3159 5 of of IN 12299 3159 6 New New NNP 12299 3159 7 South South NNP 12299 3159 8 Wales Wales NNP 12299 3159 9 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 3159 10 timbers timber NNS 12299 3159 11 . . . 12299 3160 1 Builder Builder NNP 12299 3160 2 , , , 12299 3160 3 London London NNP 12299 3160 4 , , , 12299 3160 5 Nov. November NNP 12299 3160 6 1 1 CD 12299 3160 7 , , , 12299 3160 8 1912 1912 CD 12299 3160 9 . . . 12299 3161 1 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3161 2 : : : 12299 3161 3 The the DT 12299 3161 4 hardwood hardwood NN 12299 3161 5 timbers timber NNS 12299 3161 6 of of IN 12299 3161 7 New New NNP 12299 3161 8 South South NNP 12299 3161 9 Wales Wales NNP 12299 3161 10 , , , 12299 3161 11 Australia Australia NNP 12299 3161 12 . . . 12299 3162 1 Jour Jour NNP 12299 3162 2 . . . 12299 3163 1 Soc Soc NNP 12299 3163 2 . . . 12299 3164 1 of of IN 12299 3164 2 Arts Arts NNP 12299 3164 3 , , , 12299 3164 4 London London NNP 12299 3164 5 , , , 12299 3164 6 Dec. December NNP 12299 3164 7 6 6 CD 12299 3164 8 , , , 12299 3164 9 1912 1912 CD 12299 3164 10 . . . 12299 3165 1 WELLINGTON WELLINGTON NNP 12299 3165 2 , , , 12299 3165 3 A.M. A.M. NNP 12299 3165 4 : : : 12299 3165 5 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 3165 6 on on IN 12299 3165 7 impregnated impregnate VBN 12299 3165 8 timber timber NN 12299 3165 9 . . . 12299 3166 1 Railroad Railroad NNP 12299 3166 2 Gazette Gazette NNP 12299 3166 3 , , , 12299 3166 4 1880 1880 CD 12299 3166 5 . . . 12299 3167 1 WIJKANDER WIJKANDER NNP 12299 3167 2 , , , 12299 3167 3 ---- ---- NFP 12299 3167 4 : : : 12299 3167 5 Untersuchung untersuchung JJ 12299 3167 6 der der NN 12299 3167 7 Festigkeitseigenschaften Festigkeitseigenschaften NNP 12299 3167 8 schwedischer schwedischer NN 12299 3167 9 Holzarten Holzarten NNP 12299 3167 10 in in IN 12299 3167 11 der der XX 12299 3167 12 Materialprüfungsanstalt Materialprüfungsanstalt `` 12299 3167 13 des des FW 12299 3167 14 Chalmers'schen Chalmers'schen NNP 12299 3167 15 Institutes Institutes NNP 12299 3167 16 ausgeführt ausgeführt NNP 12299 3167 17 . . . 12299 3168 1 1897 1897 CD 12299 3168 2 . . . 12299 3169 1 WING WING NNP 12299 3169 2 , , , 12299 3169 3 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 12299 3169 4 B. B. NNP 12299 3169 5 : : : 12299 3169 6 Transverse transverse JJ 12299 3169 7 strength strength NN 12299 3169 8 of of IN 12299 3169 9 the the DT 12299 3169 10 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 3169 11 fir fir NN 12299 3169 12 . . . 12299 3170 1 Eng Eng NNP 12299 3170 2 . . . 12299 3171 1 News News NNP 12299 3171 2 , , , 12299 3171 3 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3171 4 . . . 12299 3172 1 XXXIII XXXIII NNP 12299 3172 2 , , , 12299 3172 3 Mch Mch NNP 12299 3172 4 . . . 12299 3173 1 14 14 CD 12299 3173 2 , , , 12299 3173 3 1895 1895 CD 12299 3173 4 . . . 12299 3174 1 PART PART NNP 12299 3174 2 III iii CD 12299 3174 3 . . . 12299 3175 1 PUBLICATIONS publications NN 12299 3175 2 OF of IN 12299 3175 3 THE the DT 12299 3175 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 3175 5 GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT NNP 12299 3175 6 ON on IN 12299 3175 7 THE the DT 12299 3175 8 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 12299 3175 9 PROPERTIES property NNS 12299 3175 10 OF of IN 12299 3175 11 WOOD wood NN 12299 3175 12 , , , 12299 3175 13 AND and CC 12299 3175 14 TIMBER timber NN 12299 3175 15 TESTING test VBG 12299 3175 16 MISCELLANEOUS miscellaneous JJ 12299 3175 17 House House NNP 12299 3175 18 Misc Misc NNP 12299 3175 19 . . . 12299 3176 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3176 2 . . . 12299 3177 1 42 42 CD 12299 3177 2 , , , 12299 3177 3 pt pt UH 12299 3177 4 . . . 12299 3178 1 9 9 CD 12299 3178 2 , , , 12299 3178 3 47th 47th NNP 12299 3178 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3178 5 . . . 12299 3178 6 , , , 12299 3178 7 2d 2d NNP 12299 3178 8 sess sess NN 12299 3178 9 . . . 12299 3178 10 , , , 12299 3178 11 1884 1884 CD 12299 3178 12 . . . 12299 3179 1 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3179 2 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3179 3 . . . 12299 3180 1 IX ix NN 12299 3180 2 , , , 12299 3180 3 Tenth Tenth NNP 12299 3180 4 Census Census NNP 12299 3180 5 report report NN 12299 3180 6 . . . 12299 3180 7 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3181 1 Report report VB 12299 3181 2 on on IN 12299 3181 3 the the DT 12299 3181 4 forests forest NNS 12299 3181 5 of of IN 12299 3181 6 North North NNP 12299 3181 7 America America NNP 12299 3181 8 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3181 9 exclusive exclusive JJ 12299 3181 10 of of IN 12299 3181 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 12299 3181 12 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3181 13 . . . 12299 3182 1 Part Part NNP 12299 3182 2 II II NNP 12299 3182 3 , , , 12299 3182 4 The the DT 12299 3182 5 Woods Woods NNP 12299 3182 6 of of IN 12299 3182 7 the the DT 12299 3182 8 United United NNP 12299 3182 9 States States NNP 12299 3182 10 . . . 12299 3183 1 House House NNP 12299 3183 2 Report Report NNP 12299 3183 3 No no UH 12299 3183 4 . . . 12299 3184 1 1442 1442 CD 12299 3184 2 , , , 12299 3184 3 53d 53d NNPS 12299 3184 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3184 5 . . NNP 12299 3184 6 , , , 12299 3184 7 2d 2d CD 12299 3184 8 sess sess NN 12299 3184 9 . . . 12299 3185 1 Investigations investigation NNS 12299 3185 2 and and CC 12299 3185 3 tests test NNS 12299 3185 4 of of IN 12299 3185 5 American american JJ 12299 3185 6 timber timber NN 12299 3185 7 . . . 12299 3186 1 1894 1894 CD 12299 3186 2 , , , 12299 3186 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3186 4 . . . 12299 3187 1 4 4 LS 12299 3187 2 . . . 12299 3188 1 War War NNP 12299 3188 2 Dept Dept NNP 12299 3188 3 . . . 12299 3189 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3189 2 . . . 12299 3190 1 1 1 LS 12299 3190 2 . . . 12299 3191 1 Resolutions resolution NNS 12299 3191 2 of of IN 12299 3191 3 the the DT 12299 3191 4 conventions convention NNS 12299 3191 5 held hold VBN 12299 3191 6 at at IN 12299 3191 7 Munich Munich NNP 12299 3191 8 , , , 12299 3191 9 Dresden Dresden NNP 12299 3191 10 , , , 12299 3191 11 Berlin Berlin NNP 12299 3191 12 , , , 12299 3191 13 and and CC 12299 3191 14 Vienna Vienna NNP 12299 3191 15 , , , 12299 3191 16 for for IN 12299 3191 17 the the DT 12299 3191 18 purpose purpose NN 12299 3191 19 of of IN 12299 3191 20 adopting adopt VBG 12299 3191 21 uniform uniform JJ 12299 3191 22 methods method NNS 12299 3191 23 for for IN 12299 3191 24 testing test VBG 12299 3191 25 construction construction NN 12299 3191 26 materials material NNS 12299 3191 27 with with IN 12299 3191 28 regard regard NN 12299 3191 29 to to IN 12299 3191 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 12299 3191 31 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 3191 32 properties property NNS 12299 3191 33 . . . 12299 3192 1 By by IN 12299 3192 2 J. J. NNP 12299 3192 3 Bauschinger Bauschinger NNP 12299 3192 4 . . . 12299 3193 1 Translated translate VBN 12299 3193 2 by by IN 12299 3193 3 O.M. O.M. NNP 12299 3194 1 Carter Carter NNP 12299 3194 2 and and CC 12299 3194 3 E.A. E.A. NNP 12299 3195 1 Gieseler Gieseler NNP 12299 3195 2 . . . 12299 3196 1 1896 1896 CD 12299 3196 2 , , , 12299 3196 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3196 4 . . . 12299 3197 1 44 44 CD 12299 3197 2 . . . 12299 3198 1 War War NNP 12299 3198 2 Dept Dept NNP 12299 3198 3 . . . 12299 3199 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3199 2 . . . 12299 3200 1 11 11 CD 12299 3200 2 . . . 12299 3201 1 On on IN 12299 3201 2 tests test NNS 12299 3201 3 of of IN 12299 3201 4 construction construction NN 12299 3201 5 materials material NNS 12299 3201 6 . . . 12299 3202 1 Translations translation NNS 12299 3202 2 from from IN 12299 3202 3 the the DT 12299 3202 4 French French NNP 12299 3202 5 and and CC 12299 3202 6 from from IN 12299 3202 7 the the DT 12299 3202 8 German German NNP 12299 3202 9 . . . 12299 3203 1 By by IN 12299 3203 2 O.M. O.M. NNP 12299 3204 1 Carter Carter NNP 12299 3204 2 and and CC 12299 3204 3 E.A. E.A. NNP 12299 3205 1 Gieseler Gieseler NNP 12299 3205 2 . . . 12299 3206 1 1896 1896 CD 12299 3206 2 , , , 12299 3206 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3206 4 . . . 12299 3207 1 84 84 CD 12299 3207 2 . . . 12299 3208 1 House House NNP 12299 3208 2 Doc Doc NNP 12299 3208 3 . . . 12299 3209 1 No no UH 12299 3209 2 . . . 12299 3210 1 181 181 CD 12299 3210 2 , , , 12299 3210 3 55th 55th JJ 12299 3210 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3210 5 . . NNP 12299 3210 6 , , , 12299 3210 7 3d 3d NNP 12299 3210 8 sess sess NN 12299 3210 9 . . . 12299 3211 1 Report report VB 12299 3211 2 upon upon IN 12299 3211 3 the the DT 12299 3211 4 forestry forestry NN 12299 3211 5 investigations investigation NNS 12299 3211 6 of of IN 12299 3211 7 the the DT 12299 3211 8 U.S. U.S. NNP 12299 3211 9 Department Department NNP 12299 3211 10 of of IN 12299 3211 11 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 12299 3211 12 , , , 12299 3211 13 1877 1877 CD 12299 3211 14 - - SYM 12299 3211 15 1898 1898 CD 12299 3211 16 . . . 12299 3212 1 By by IN 12299 3212 2 B.E. B.E. NNP 12299 3213 1 Fernow fernow NN 12299 3213 2 , , , 12299 3213 3 1899 1899 CD 12299 3213 4 , , , 12299 3213 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3213 6 . . . 12299 3214 1 401 401 CD 12299 3214 2 . . . 12299 3215 1 Contains contain VBZ 12299 3215 2 chapter chapter NN 12299 3215 3 on on IN 12299 3215 4 The the DT 12299 3215 5 work work NN 12299 3215 6 in in IN 12299 3215 7 timber timber NN 12299 3215 8 physics physics NN 12299 3215 9 in in IN 12299 3215 10 the the DT 12299 3215 11 Division Division NNP 12299 3215 12 of of IN 12299 3215 13 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 3215 14 , , , 12299 3215 15 by by IN 12299 3215 16 Filibert Filibert NNP 12299 3215 17 Roth Roth NNP 12299 3215 18 , , , 12299 3215 19 pp pp NNP 12299 3215 20 . . . 12299 3216 1 330 330 CD 12299 3216 2 - - SYM 12299 3216 3 395 395 CD 12299 3216 4 . . . 12299 3217 1 FOREST FOREST NNP 12299 3217 2 SERVICE SERVICE NNP 12299 3217 3 Cir Cir NNP 12299 3217 4 . . . 12299 3218 1 7 7 CD 12299 3218 2 - - HYPH 12299 3218 3 -The -the NN 12299 3218 4 Government government NN 12299 3218 5 timber timber NN 12299 3218 6 tests test NNS 12299 3218 7 [ [ -LRB- 12299 3218 8 189- 189- CD 12299 3218 9 ] ] -RRB- 12299 3218 10 , , , 12299 3218 11 pp pp NNP 12299 3218 12 . . . 12299 3219 1 4 4 LS 12299 3219 2 . . . 12299 3220 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3220 2 . . . 12299 3221 1 8 8 CD 12299 3221 2 - - HYPH 12299 3221 3 -Strength -strength NN 12299 3221 4 of of IN 12299 3221 5 " " `` 12299 3221 6 boxed boxed NNS 12299 3221 7 " " '' 12299 3221 8 or or CC 12299 3221 9 " " `` 12299 3221 10 turpentine turpentine NN 12299 3221 11 " " '' 12299 3221 12 timber timber NN 12299 3221 13 . . . 12299 3222 1 1892 1892 CD 12299 3222 2 , , , 12299 3222 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3222 4 . . . 12299 3223 1 4 4 LS 12299 3223 2 . . . 12299 3224 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3224 2 . . . 12299 3225 1 6 6 CD 12299 3225 2 - - HYPH 12299 3225 3 -Timber -timber NN 12299 3225 4 Physics physics NN 12299 3225 5 . . . 12299 3226 1 Pt pt UH 12299 3226 2 . . . 12299 3227 1 I. I. NNP 12299 3228 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ 12299 3228 2 report report NN 12299 3228 3 . . . 12299 3229 1 1 1 LS 12299 3229 2 . . . 12299 3230 1 Need need NN 12299 3230 2 of of IN 12299 3230 3 the the DT 12299 3230 4 investigation investigation NN 12299 3230 5 . . . 12299 3231 1 2 2 LS 12299 3231 2 . . . 12299 3232 1 Scope scope NN 12299 3232 2 and and CC 12299 3232 3 historical historical JJ 12299 3232 4 development development NN 12299 3232 5 of of IN 12299 3232 6 the the DT 12299 3232 7 science science NN 12299 3232 8 of of IN 12299 3232 9 " " `` 12299 3232 10 timber timber NN 12299 3232 11 physics physics NN 12299 3232 12 . . . 12299 3232 13 " " '' 12299 3233 1 3 3 LS 12299 3233 2 . . . 12299 3234 1 Organization organization NN 12299 3234 2 and and CC 12299 3234 3 methods method NNS 12299 3234 4 of of IN 12299 3234 5 timber timber NN 12299 3234 6 examinations examination NNS 12299 3234 7 in in IN 12299 3234 8 the the DT 12299 3234 9 Division Division NNP 12299 3234 10 of of IN 12299 3234 11 Forestry Forestry NNP 12299 3234 12 . . . 12299 3235 1 By by IN 12299 3235 2 B.E. B.E. NNP 12299 3236 1 Fernow fernow NN 12299 3236 2 , , , 12299 3236 3 1892 1892 CD 12299 3236 4 , , , 12299 3236 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3236 6 . . . 12299 3237 1 57 57 CD 12299 3237 2 . . . 12299 3238 1 Unnumbered unnumbered JJ 12299 3238 2 Cir.--Instructions cir.--instruction NNS 12299 3238 3 for for IN 12299 3238 4 the the DT 12299 3238 5 collection collection NN 12299 3238 6 of of IN 12299 3238 7 test test NN 12299 3238 8 pieces piece NNS 12299 3238 9 of of IN 12299 3238 10 pines pine NNS 12299 3238 11 for for IN 12299 3238 12 timber timber NN 12299 3238 13 investigations investigation NNS 12299 3238 14 [ [ -LRB- 12299 3238 15 1893 1893 CD 12299 3238 16 ] ] -RRB- 12299 3238 17 , , , 12299 3238 18 pp pp NNP 12299 3238 19 . . . 12299 3239 1 4 4 LS 12299 3239 2 . . . 12299 3240 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3240 2 . . . 12299 3241 1 9 9 CD 12299 3241 2 - - HYPH 12299 3241 3 -Effect -effect NN 12299 3241 4 of of IN 12299 3241 5 turpentine turpentine NN 12299 3241 6 gathering gathering NN 12299 3241 7 on on IN 12299 3241 8 the the DT 12299 3241 9 timber timber NN 12299 3241 10 of of IN 12299 3241 11 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 3241 12 pine pine NN 12299 3241 13 . . . 12299 3242 1 By by IN 12299 3242 2 B.E. B.E. NNP 12299 3243 1 Fernow fernow NN 12299 3243 2 [ [ -LRB- 12299 3243 3 1893 1893 CD 12299 3243 4 ] ] -RRB- 12299 3243 5 , , , 12299 3243 6 p. p. NN 12299 3243 7 1 1 CD 12299 3243 8 . . . 12299 3244 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3244 2 . . . 12299 3245 1 8 8 CD 12299 3245 2 - - HYPH 12299 3245 3 -Timber -timber NN 12299 3245 4 physics physics NN 12299 3245 5 . . . 12299 3246 1 Pt pt UH 12299 3246 2 . . . 12299 3247 1 II ii CD 12299 3247 2 . . . 12299 3248 1 Progress progress NN 12299 3248 2 report report NN 12299 3248 3 . . . 12299 3249 1 Results result NNS 12299 3249 2 of of IN 12299 3249 3 investigations investigation NNS 12299 3249 4 on on IN 12299 3249 5 longleaf longleaf NN 12299 3249 6 pine pine NN 12299 3249 7 . . . 12299 3250 1 1893 1893 CD 12299 3250 2 , , , 12299 3250 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3250 4 . . . 12299 3251 1 92 92 CD 12299 3251 2 . . . 12299 3252 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3252 2 . . . 12299 3253 1 10 10 CD 12299 3253 2 - - HYPH 12299 3253 3 -Timber -timber NN 12299 3253 4 : : : 12299 3253 5 an an DT 12299 3253 6 elementary elementary JJ 12299 3253 7 discussion discussion NN 12299 3253 8 of of IN 12299 3253 9 the the DT 12299 3253 10 characteristics characteristic NNS 12299 3253 11 and and CC 12299 3253 12 properties property NNS 12299 3253 13 of of IN 12299 3253 14 wood wood NN 12299 3253 15 . . . 12299 3254 1 By by IN 12299 3254 2 Filibert Filibert NNP 12299 3254 3 Roth Roth NNP 12299 3254 4 . . . 12299 3255 1 1895 1895 CD 12299 3255 2 , , , 12299 3255 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3255 4 . . . 12299 3256 1 88 88 CD 12299 3256 2 . . . 12299 3257 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3257 2 . . . 12299 3258 1 12 12 CD 12299 3258 2 - - HYPH 12299 3258 3 -Economical -economical JJ 12299 3258 4 designing designing NN 12299 3258 5 of of IN 12299 3258 6 timber timber NN 12299 3258 7 trestle trestle NN 12299 3258 8 bridges bridge NNS 12299 3258 9 . . . 12299 3259 1 By by IN 12299 3259 2 A.L. A.L. NNP 12299 3260 1 Johnson Johnson NNP 12299 3260 2 , , , 12299 3260 3 1896 1896 CD 12299 3260 4 , , , 12299 3260 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3260 6 . . . 12299 3261 1 57 57 CD 12299 3261 2 . . . 12299 3262 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3262 2 . . . 12299 3263 1 12 12 CD 12299 3263 2 - - HYPH 12299 3263 3 -Southern -southern JJ 12299 3263 4 pine pine NN 12299 3263 5 , , , 12299 3263 6 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 3263 7 and and CC 12299 3263 8 physical physical JJ 12299 3263 9 properties property NNS 12299 3263 10 . . . 12299 3264 1 1896 1896 CD 12299 3264 2 , , , 12299 3264 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3264 4 . . . 12299 3265 1 12 12 CD 12299 3265 2 . . . 12299 3266 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3266 2 . . . 12299 3267 1 15 15 CD 12299 3267 2 - - HYPH 12299 3267 3 -Summary -summary NN 12299 3267 4 of of IN 12299 3267 5 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 3267 6 tests test NNS 12299 3267 7 on on IN 12299 3267 8 thirty thirty CD 12299 3267 9 - - HYPH 12299 3267 10 two two CD 12299 3267 11 species specie NNS 12299 3267 12 of of IN 12299 3267 13 American american JJ 12299 3267 14 woods wood NNS 12299 3267 15 . . . 12299 3268 1 1897 1897 CD 12299 3268 2 , , , 12299 3268 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3268 4 . . . 12299 3269 1 12 12 CD 12299 3269 2 . . . 12299 3270 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3270 2 . . . 12299 3271 1 18 18 CD 12299 3271 2 - - HYPH 12299 3271 3 -Progress -progress NN 12299 3271 4 in in IN 12299 3271 5 timber timber NN 12299 3271 6 physics physics NN 12299 3271 7 . . . 12299 3272 1 1898 1898 CD 12299 3272 2 , , , 12299 3272 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3272 4 . . . 12299 3273 1 20 20 CD 12299 3273 2 . . . 12299 3274 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3274 2 . . . 12299 3275 1 19 19 CD 12299 3275 2 - - HYPH 12299 3275 3 -Progress -progress NN 12299 3275 4 in in IN 12299 3275 5 timber timber NN 12299 3275 6 physics physics NN 12299 3275 7 : : : 12299 3275 8 Bald Bald NNP 12299 3275 9 cypress cypress NN 12299 3275 10 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3275 11 _ _ NNP 12299 3275 12 Taxodium Taxodium NNP 12299 3275 13 distichum distichum NN 12299 3275 14 _ _ NNP 12299 3275 15 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3275 16 . . . 12299 3276 1 By by IN 12299 3276 2 Filibert Filibert NNP 12299 3276 3 Roth Roth NNP 12299 3276 4 , , , 12299 3276 5 1898 1898 CD 12299 3276 6 , , , 12299 3276 7 pp pp NNP 12299 3276 8 . . . 12299 3277 1 24 24 CD 12299 3277 2 . . . 12299 3278 1 Y.B. Y.B. NNP 12299 3279 1 Extr extr UH 12299 3279 2 . . . 12299 3280 1 288 288 CD 12299 3280 2 - - HYPH 12299 3280 3 -Tests -tests NN 12299 3280 4 on on IN 12299 3280 5 the the DT 12299 3280 6 physical physical JJ 12299 3280 7 properties property NNS 12299 3280 8 of of IN 12299 3280 9 woods wood NNS 12299 3280 10 . . . 12299 3281 1 By by IN 12299 3281 2 F.E. F.E. NNP 12299 3282 1 Olmstead Olmstead NNP 12299 3282 2 , , , 12299 3282 3 1902 1902 CD 12299 3282 4 , , , 12299 3282 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3282 6 . . . 12299 3283 1 533 533 CD 12299 3283 2 - - SYM 12299 3283 3 538 538 CD 12299 3283 4 . . . 12299 3284 1 Unnumbered Unnumbered NNP 12299 3284 2 Cir.--Timber Cir.--Timber NNP 12299 3284 3 tests test NNS 12299 3284 4 . . . 12299 3285 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 3285 2 1903 1903 CD 12299 3285 3 ] ] -RRB- 12299 3285 4 , , , 12299 3285 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3285 6 . . . 12299 3286 1 15 15 CD 12299 3286 2 . . . 12299 3287 1 Unnumbered Unnumbered NNP 12299 3287 2 Cir.--Timber Cir.--Timber NNP 12299 3287 3 preservation preservation NN 12299 3287 4 and and CC 12299 3287 5 timber timber NN 12299 3287 6 testing testing NN 12299 3287 7 at at IN 12299 3287 8 the the DT 12299 3287 9 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 12299 3287 10 Purchase Purchase NNP 12299 3287 11 Exposition Exposition NNP 12299 3287 12 . . . 12299 3288 1 1904 1904 CD 12299 3288 2 , , , 12299 3288 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3288 4 . . . 12299 3289 1 6 6 CD 12299 3289 2 . . . 12299 3290 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3290 2 . . . 12299 3291 1 32 32 CD 12299 3291 2 - - HYPH 12299 3291 3 -Progress -progress NN 12299 3291 4 report report NN 12299 3291 5 on on IN 12299 3291 6 the the DT 12299 3291 7 strength strength NN 12299 3291 8 of of IN 12299 3291 9 structural structural JJ 12299 3291 10 timber timber NN 12299 3291 11 . . . 12299 3292 1 By by IN 12299 3292 2 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3293 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3293 2 , , , 12299 3293 3 1904 1904 CD 12299 3293 4 , , , 12299 3293 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3293 6 . . . 12299 3294 1 28 28 CD 12299 3294 2 . . . 12299 3295 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3295 2 . . . 12299 3296 1 58 58 CD 12299 3296 2 - - HYPH 12299 3296 3 -The -the JJ 12299 3296 4 red red JJ 12299 3296 5 gum gum NN 12299 3296 6 . . . 12299 3297 1 By by IN 12299 3297 2 Alfred Alfred NNP 12299 3297 3 Chittenden Chittenden NNP 12299 3297 4 . . . 12299 3298 1 Includes include VBZ 12299 3298 2 a a DT 12299 3298 3 discussion discussion NN 12299 3298 4 of of IN 12299 3298 5 The the DT 12299 3298 6 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 3298 7 properties property NNS 12299 3298 8 of of IN 12299 3298 9 red red JJ 12299 3298 10 gum gum NN 12299 3298 11 wood wood NN 12299 3298 12 , , , 12299 3298 13 by by IN 12299 3298 14 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3299 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3299 2 . . . 12299 3300 1 1905 1905 CD 12299 3300 2 , , , 12299 3300 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3300 4 . . . 12299 3301 1 56 56 CD 12299 3301 2 . . . 12299 3302 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3302 2 . . . 12299 3303 1 38 38 CD 12299 3303 2 - - HYPH 12299 3303 3 -Instructions -instruction NNS 12299 3303 4 to to IN 12299 3303 5 engineers engineer NNS 12299 3303 6 of of IN 12299 3303 7 timber timber NN 12299 3303 8 tests test NNS 12299 3303 9 . . . 12299 3304 1 By by IN 12299 3304 2 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3305 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3305 2 , , , 12299 3305 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 3305 4 , , , 12299 3305 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3305 6 . . . 12299 3306 1 55 55 CD 12299 3306 2 . . . 12299 3307 1 Revised revise VBN 12299 3307 2 edition edition NN 12299 3307 3 , , , 12299 3307 4 1909 1909 CD 12299 3307 5 , , , 12299 3307 6 pp pp NNP 12299 3307 7 . . . 12299 3308 1 56 56 CD 12299 3308 2 . . . 12299 3309 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3309 2 . . . 12299 3310 1 39 39 CD 12299 3310 2 - - HYPH 12299 3310 3 -Experiments -experiments NN 12299 3310 4 on on IN 12299 3310 5 the the DT 12299 3310 6 strength strength NN 12299 3310 7 of of IN 12299 3310 8 treated treat VBN 12299 3310 9 timber timber NN 12299 3310 10 . . . 12299 3311 1 By by IN 12299 3311 2 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3312 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3312 2 , , , 12299 3312 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 3312 4 , , , 12299 3312 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3312 6 . . . 12299 3313 1 31 31 CD 12299 3313 2 . . . 12299 3314 1 Revised revise VBN 12299 3314 2 edition edition NN 12299 3314 3 , , , 12299 3314 4 1908 1908 CD 12299 3314 5 . . . 12299 3315 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3315 2 . . . 12299 3316 1 70 70 CD 12299 3316 2 - - HYPH 12299 3316 3 -Effect -effect NN 12299 3316 4 of of IN 12299 3316 5 moisture moisture NN 12299 3316 6 upon upon IN 12299 3316 7 the the DT 12299 3316 8 strength strength NN 12299 3316 9 and and CC 12299 3316 10 stiffness stiffness NN 12299 3316 11 of of IN 12299 3316 12 wood wood NN 12299 3316 13 . . . 12299 3317 1 By by IN 12299 3317 2 H.D. H.D. NNP 12299 3318 1 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 3318 2 , , , 12299 3318 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 3318 4 , , , 12299 3318 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3318 6 . . . 12299 3319 1 144 144 CD 12299 3319 2 . . . 12299 3320 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3320 2 . . . 12299 3321 1 46 46 CD 12299 3321 2 - - HYPH 12299 3321 3 -Holding -holde VBG 12299 3321 4 force force NN 12299 3321 5 of of IN 12299 3321 6 railroad railroad NN 12299 3321 7 spikes spike NNS 12299 3321 8 in in IN 12299 3321 9 wooden wooden JJ 12299 3321 10 ties tie NNS 12299 3321 11 . . . 12299 3322 1 By by IN 12299 3322 2 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3323 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3323 2 , , , 12299 3323 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 3323 4 , , , 12299 3323 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3323 6 . . . 12299 3324 1 7 7 LS 12299 3324 2 . . . 12299 3325 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3325 2 . . . 12299 3326 1 47 47 CD 12299 3326 2 - - HYPH 12299 3326 3 -Strength -strength NN 12299 3326 4 of of IN 12299 3326 5 packing packing NN 12299 3326 6 boxes box NNS 12299 3326 7 of of IN 12299 3326 8 various various JJ 12299 3326 9 woods wood NNS 12299 3326 10 . . . 12299 3327 1 By by IN 12299 3327 2 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3328 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3328 2 , , , 12299 3328 3 1906 1906 CD 12299 3328 4 , , , 12299 3328 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3328 6 . . . 12299 3329 1 7 7 LS 12299 3329 2 . . . 12299 3330 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3330 2 . . . 12299 3331 1 108 108 CD 12299 3331 2 - - HYPH 12299 3331 3 -The -the CD 12299 3331 4 strength strength NN 12299 3331 5 of of IN 12299 3331 6 wood wood NN 12299 3331 7 as as IN 12299 3331 8 influenced influence VBN 12299 3331 9 by by IN 12299 3331 10 moisture moisture NN 12299 3331 11 . . . 12299 3332 1 By by IN 12299 3332 2 H.D. H.D. NNP 12299 3333 1 Tiemann Tiemann NNP 12299 3333 2 , , , 12299 3333 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 3333 4 , , , 12299 3333 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3333 6 . . . 12299 3334 1 42 42 CD 12299 3334 2 . . . 12299 3335 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3335 2 . . . 12299 3336 1 115 115 CD 12299 3336 2 - - HYPH 12299 3336 3 -Second -second NN 12299 3336 4 progress progress NN 12299 3336 5 report report NN 12299 3336 6 on on IN 12299 3336 7 the the DT 12299 3336 8 strength strength NN 12299 3336 9 of of IN 12299 3336 10 structural structural JJ 12299 3336 11 timber timber NN 12299 3336 12 . . . 12299 3337 1 By by IN 12299 3337 2 W.K. W.K. NNP 12299 3338 1 Hatt Hatt NNP 12299 3338 2 , , , 12299 3338 3 1907 1907 CD 12299 3338 4 , , , 12299 3338 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3338 6 . . . 12299 3339 1 39 39 CD 12299 3339 2 . . . 12299 3340 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3340 2 . . . 12299 3341 1 142 142 CD 12299 3341 2 - - HYPH 12299 3341 3 -Tests -tests NN 12299 3341 4 of of IN 12299 3341 5 vehicle vehicle NN 12299 3341 6 and and CC 12299 3341 7 implement implement VB 12299 3341 8 woods wood NNS 12299 3341 9 . . . 12299 3342 1 By by IN 12299 3342 2 H.B. H.B. NNP 12299 3343 1 Holroyd Holroyd NNP 12299 3343 2 and and CC 12299 3343 3 H.S. H.S. NNP 12299 3344 1 Betts Betts NNP 12299 3344 2 , , , 12299 3344 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 3344 4 , , , 12299 3344 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3344 6 . . . 12299 3345 1 29 29 CD 12299 3345 2 . . . 12299 3346 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3346 2 . . . 12299 3347 1 146 146 CD 12299 3347 2 - - HYPH 12299 3347 3 -Experiments -experiment NNS 12299 3347 4 with with IN 12299 3347 5 railway railway NN 12299 3347 6 cross cross NN 12299 3347 7 - - NNS 12299 3347 8 ties tie NNS 12299 3347 9 . . . 12299 3348 1 By by IN 12299 3348 2 H.B. H.B. NNP 12299 3349 1 Eastman Eastman NNP 12299 3349 2 , , , 12299 3349 3 1908 1908 CD 12299 3349 4 , , , 12299 3349 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3349 6 . . . 12299 3350 1 32 32 CD 12299 3350 2 . . . 12299 3351 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3351 2 . . . 12299 3352 1 179 179 CD 12299 3352 2 - - HYPH 12299 3352 3 -Utilization -utilization NN 12299 3352 4 of of IN 12299 3352 5 California California NNP 12299 3352 6 eucalypts eucalypt NNS 12299 3352 7 . . . 12299 3353 1 By by IN 12299 3353 2 H.S. H.S. NNP 12299 3354 1 Betts Betts NNP 12299 3354 2 and and CC 12299 3354 3 C. C. NNP 12299 3354 4 Stowell Stowell NNP 12299 3354 5 Smith Smith NNP 12299 3354 6 , , , 12299 3354 7 1910 1910 CD 12299 3354 8 , , , 12299 3354 9 pp pp NNP 12299 3354 10 . . . 12299 3355 1 30 30 CD 12299 3355 2 . . . 12299 3356 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3356 2 . . . 12299 3357 1 75 75 CD 12299 3357 2 - - HYPH 12299 3357 3 -California -california NN 12299 3357 4 tanbark tanbark NN 12299 3357 5 oak oak NN 12299 3357 6 . . . 12299 3358 1 Part Part NNP 12299 3358 2 II II NNP 12299 3358 3 , , , 12299 3358 4 Utilization utilization NN 12299 3358 5 of of IN 12299 3358 6 the the DT 12299 3358 7 wood wood NN 12299 3358 8 of of IN 12299 3358 9 tanbark tanbark NN 12299 3358 10 oak oak NN 12299 3358 11 , , , 12299 3358 12 by by IN 12299 3358 13 H.S. H.S. NNP 12299 3359 1 Betts Betts NNP 12299 3359 2 , , , 12299 3359 3 1911 1911 CD 12299 3359 4 , , , 12299 3359 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3359 6 . . . 12299 3360 1 24 24 CD 12299 3360 2 - - SYM 12299 3360 3 32 32 CD 12299 3360 4 . . . 12299 3361 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3361 2 . . . 12299 3362 1 88 88 CD 12299 3362 2 - - HYPH 12299 3362 3 -Properties -propertie NNS 12299 3362 4 and and CC 12299 3362 5 uses use NNS 12299 3362 6 of of IN 12299 3362 7 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 3362 8 fir fir NN 12299 3362 9 . . . 12299 3363 1 By by IN 12299 3363 2 McGarvey McGarvey NNP 12299 3363 3 Cline Cline NNP 12299 3363 4 and and CC 12299 3363 5 J.B. J.B. NNP 12299 3363 6 Knapp Knapp NNP 12299 3363 7 , , , 12299 3363 8 1911 1911 CD 12299 3363 9 , , , 12299 3363 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3363 11 . . . 12299 3364 1 75 75 CD 12299 3364 2 . . . 12299 3365 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3365 2 . . . 12299 3366 1 189 189 CD 12299 3366 2 - - HYPH 12299 3366 3 -Strength -strength NN 12299 3366 4 values value NNS 12299 3366 5 for for IN 12299 3366 6 structural structural JJ 12299 3366 7 timbers timber NNS 12299 3366 8 . . . 12299 3367 1 By by IN 12299 3367 2 McGarvey McGarvey NNP 12299 3367 3 Cline Cline NNP 12299 3367 4 , , , 12299 3367 5 1912 1912 CD 12299 3367 6 , , , 12299 3367 7 pp pp NNP 12299 3367 8 . . . 12299 3368 1 8 8 LS 12299 3368 2 . . . 12299 3369 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3369 2 . . . 12299 3370 1 193 193 CD 12299 3370 2 - - HYPH 12299 3370 3 -Mechanical -mechanical JJ 12299 3370 4 properties property NNS 12299 3370 5 of of IN 12299 3370 6 redwood redwood NN 12299 3370 7 . . . 12299 3371 1 By by IN 12299 3371 2 A.L. A.L. NNP 12299 3372 1 Heim Heim NNP 12299 3372 2 , , , 12299 3372 3 1912 1912 CD 12299 3372 4 , , , 12299 3372 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3372 6 . . . 12299 3373 1 32 32 CD 12299 3373 2 . . . 12299 3374 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3374 2 . . . 12299 3375 1 108 108 CD 12299 3375 2 - - HYPH 12299 3375 3 -Tests -tests NN 12299 3375 4 of of IN 12299 3375 5 structural structural JJ 12299 3375 6 timbers timber NNS 12299 3375 7 . . . 12299 3376 1 By by IN 12299 3376 2 McGarvey McGarvey NNP 12299 3376 3 Cline Cline NNP 12299 3376 4 and and CC 12299 3376 5 A.L. A.L. NNP 12299 3377 1 Heim Heim NNP 12299 3377 2 , , , 12299 3377 3 1912 1912 CD 12299 3377 4 , , , 12299 3377 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3377 6 . . . 12299 3378 1 1231 1231 CD 12299 3378 2 . . . 12299 3379 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3379 2 . . . 12299 3380 1 112 112 CD 12299 3380 2 - - HYPH 12299 3380 3 -Fire -fire NN 12299 3380 4 - - HYPH 12299 3380 5 killed kill VBN 12299 3380 6 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 3380 7 fir fir NN 12299 3380 8 : : : 12299 3380 9 a a DT 12299 3380 10 study study NN 12299 3380 11 of of IN 12299 3380 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 12299 3380 13 rate rate NN 12299 3380 14 of of IN 12299 3380 15 deterioration deterioration NN 12299 3380 16 , , , 12299 3380 17 usability usability NN 12299 3380 18 , , , 12299 3380 19 and and CC 12299 3380 20 strength strength NN 12299 3380 21 . . . 12299 3381 1 By by IN 12299 3381 2 J.B. J.B. NNP 12299 3381 3 Knapp Knapp NNP 12299 3381 4 , , , 12299 3381 5 1912 1912 CD 12299 3381 6 , , , 12299 3381 7 pp pp NNP 12299 3381 8 . . . 12299 3382 1 18 18 CD 12299 3382 2 . . . 12299 3383 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3383 2 . . . 12299 3384 1 115 115 CD 12299 3384 2 - - HYPH 12299 3384 3 -Mechanical -mechanical JJ 12299 3384 4 properties property NNS 12299 3384 5 of of IN 12299 3384 6 western western JJ 12299 3384 7 hemlock hemlock NNP 12299 3384 8 . . . 12299 3385 1 By by IN 12299 3385 2 O.P.M. O.P.M. NNP 12299 3386 1 Goss Goss NNP 12299 3386 2 , , , 12299 3386 3 1913 1913 CD 12299 3386 4 , , , 12299 3386 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3386 6 . . . 12299 3387 1 45 45 CD 12299 3387 2 . . . 12299 3388 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3388 2 . . . 12299 3389 1 122 122 CD 12299 3389 2 - - HYPH 12299 3389 3 -Mechanical -mechanical JJ 12299 3389 4 properties property NNS 12299 3389 5 of of IN 12299 3389 6 western western JJ 12299 3389 7 larch larch NN 12299 3389 8 . . . 12299 3390 1 By by IN 12299 3390 2 O.P.M. O.P.M. NNP 12299 3391 1 Goss Goss NNP 12299 3391 2 , , , 12299 3391 3 1913 1913 CD 12299 3391 4 , , , 12299 3391 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3391 6 . . . 12299 3392 1 45 45 CD 12299 3392 2 . . . 12299 3393 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3393 2 . . . 12299 3394 1 213 213 CD 12299 3394 2 - - HYPH 12299 3394 3 -Mechanical -mechanical JJ 12299 3394 4 properties property NNS 12299 3394 5 of of IN 12299 3394 6 woods wood NNS 12299 3394 7 grown grow VBN 12299 3394 8 in in IN 12299 3394 9 the the DT 12299 3394 10 United United NNP 12299 3394 11 States States NNP 12299 3394 12 . . . 12299 3395 1 1913 1913 CD 12299 3395 2 , , , 12299 3395 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3395 4 . . . 12299 3396 1 4 4 LS 12299 3396 2 . . . 12299 3397 1 Cir Cir NNS 12299 3397 2 . . . 12299 3398 1 214 214 CD 12299 3398 2 - - HYPH 12299 3398 3 -Tests -tests NN 12299 3398 4 of of IN 12299 3398 5 packing packing NN 12299 3398 6 boxes box NNS 12299 3398 7 of of IN 12299 3398 8 various various JJ 12299 3398 9 forms form NNS 12299 3398 10 . . . 12299 3399 1 By by IN 12299 3399 2 John John NNP 12299 3399 3 A. A. NNP 12299 3399 4 Newlin Newlin NNP 12299 3399 5 , , , 12299 3399 6 1913 1913 CD 12299 3399 7 , , , 12299 3399 8 pp pp NNP 12299 3399 9 . . . 12299 3400 1 23 23 CD 12299 3400 2 . . . 12299 3400 3 Review Review NNP 12299 3400 4 Forest Forest NNP 12299 3400 5 Service Service NNP 12299 3400 6 Investigations Investigations NNPS 12299 3400 7 . . . 12299 3401 1 1913 1913 CD 12299 3401 2 . . . 12299 3402 1 [ [ -LRB- 12299 3402 2 Outline outline NN 12299 3402 3 of of IN 12299 3402 4 investigations investigation NNS 12299 3402 5 . . . 12299 3402 6 ] ] -RRB- 12299 3403 1 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3403 2 . . . 12299 3404 1 I -PRON- PRP 12299 3404 2 , , , 12299 3404 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3404 4 . . . 12299 3405 1 17 17 CD 12299 3405 2 - - SYM 12299 3405 3 21 21 CD 12299 3405 4 . . . 12299 3406 1 A a DT 12299 3406 2 microscopic microscopic JJ 12299 3406 3 study study NN 12299 3406 4 of of IN 12299 3406 5 the the DT 12299 3406 6 mechanical mechanical JJ 12299 3406 7 failure failure NN 12299 3406 8 of of IN 12299 3406 9 wood wood NN 12299 3406 10 , , , 12299 3406 11 by by IN 12299 3406 12 Warren Warren NNP 12299 3406 13 D. D. NNP 12299 3406 14 Brush Brush NNP 12299 3406 15 . . . 12299 3407 1 Vol Vol NNP 12299 3407 2 . . . 12299 3408 1 II II NNP 12299 3408 2 , , , 12299 3408 3 pp pp NNP 12299 3408 4 . . . 12299 3409 1 33 33 CD 12299 3409 2 - - SYM 12299 3409 3 38 38 CD 12299 3409 4 . . . 12299 3410 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3410 2 . . . 12299 3411 1 67 67 CD 12299 3411 2 , , , 12299 3411 3 U.S.D.A.--Tests u.s.d.a.--test NNS 12299 3411 4 of of IN 12299 3411 5 Rocky Rocky NNP 12299 3411 6 Mountain Mountain NNP 12299 3411 7 woods wood NNS 12299 3411 8 for for IN 12299 3411 9 telephone telephone NN 12299 3411 10 poles pole NNS 12299 3411 11 . . . 12299 3412 1 By by IN 12299 3412 2 Norman Norman NNP 12299 3412 3 deW. deW. '' 12299 3413 1 Betts Betts NNP 12299 3413 2 and and CC 12299 3413 3 A.L. A.L. NNP 12299 3414 1 Heim Heim NNP 12299 3414 2 , , , 12299 3414 3 1914 1914 CD 12299 3414 4 , , , 12299 3414 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3414 6 . . . 12299 3415 1 28 28 CD 12299 3415 2 . . . 12299 3416 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3416 2 . . . 12299 3417 1 77 77 CD 12299 3417 2 , , , 12299 3417 3 U.S.D.A.--Rocky u.s.d.a.--rocky JJ 12299 3417 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 12299 3417 5 mine mine NN 12299 3417 6 timbers timber NNS 12299 3417 7 . . . 12299 3418 1 By by IN 12299 3418 2 Norman Norman NNP 12299 3418 3 deW. deW. '' 12299 3419 1 Betts Betts NNP 12299 3419 2 , , , 12299 3419 3 1914 1914 CD 12299 3419 4 , , , 12299 3419 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3419 6 . . . 12299 3420 1 34 34 CD 12299 3420 2 . . . 12299 3421 1 Bul Bul NNP 12299 3421 2 . . . 12299 3422 1 86 86 CD 12299 3422 2 , , , 12299 3422 3 U.S.D.A.--Tests u.s.d.a.--test NNS 12299 3422 4 of of IN 12299 3422 5 wooden wooden JJ 12299 3422 6 barrels barrel NNS 12299 3422 7 . . . 12299 3423 1 By by IN 12299 3423 2 J.A. J.A. NNP 12299 3424 1 Newlin Newlin NNP 12299 3424 2 , , , 12299 3424 3 1914 1914 CD 12299 3424 4 , , , 12299 3424 5 pp pp NNP 12299 3424 6 . . . 12299 3425 1 12 12 CD 12299 3425 2 . . . 12299 3426 1 REPORTS report NNS 12299 3426 2 OF of IN 12299 3426 3 TESTS test NNS 12299 3426 4 ON on IN 12299 3426 5 THE the DT 12299 3426 6 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 12299 3426 7 OF of IN 12299 3426 8 STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL NNP 12299 3426 9 MATERIAL MATERIAL NNS 12299 3426 10 , , , 12299 3426 11 MADE MADE NNP 12299 3426 12 AT AT NNP 12299 3426 13 THE the DT 12299 3426 14 WATERTOWN WATERTOWN NNP 12299 3426 15 ARSENAL ARSENAL NNP 12299 3426 16 , , , 12299 3426 17 MASS MASS NNP 12299 3426 18 . . . 12299 3427 1 House House NNP 12299 3427 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3427 3 . . . 12299 3428 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3428 2 . . . 12299 3429 1 No no UH 12299 3429 2 . . . 12299 3430 1 12 12 CD 12299 3430 2 , , , 12299 3430 3 47th 47th NNP 12299 3430 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3430 5 . . NNP 12299 3430 6 , , , 12299 3430 7 1st 1st JJ 12299 3430 8 sess sess NN 12299 3430 9 . . . 12299 3430 10 , , , 12299 3430 11 1882 1882 CD 12299 3430 12 . . . 12299 3431 1 Strength strength NN 12299 3431 2 of of IN 12299 3431 3 wood wood NN 12299 3431 4 grown grow VBN 12299 3431 5 on on IN 12299 3431 6 the the DT 12299 3431 7 Pacific Pacific NNP 12299 3431 8 slope slope NN 12299 3431 9 , , , 12299 3431 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3431 11 . . . 12299 3432 1 19 19 CD 12299 3432 2 - - SYM 12299 3432 3 93 93 CD 12299 3432 4 . . . 12299 3433 1 Senate Senate NNP 12299 3433 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3433 3 . . . 12299 3434 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3434 2 . . . 12299 3435 1 No no UH 12299 3435 2 . . . 12299 3436 1 1 1 CD 12299 3436 2 , , , 12299 3436 3 47th 47th NNP 12299 3436 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3436 5 . . . 12299 3436 6 , , , 12299 3436 7 2d 2d CD 12299 3436 8 sess sess NN 12299 3436 9 . . . 12299 3436 10 , , , 12299 3436 11 1883 1883 CD 12299 3436 12 . . . 12299 3437 1 Resistance resistance NN 12299 3437 2 of of IN 12299 3437 3 white white JJ 12299 3437 4 and and CC 12299 3437 5 yellow yellow JJ 12299 3437 6 pines pine NNS 12299 3437 7 to to IN 12299 3437 8 forces force NNS 12299 3437 9 of of IN 12299 3437 10 compression compression NN 12299 3437 11 in in IN 12299 3437 12 the the DT 12299 3437 13 direction direction NN 12299 3437 14 of of IN 12299 3437 15 the the DT 12299 3437 16 fibers fiber NNS 12299 3437 17 , , , 12299 3437 18 as as IN 12299 3437 19 used use VBN 12299 3437 20 for for IN 12299 3437 21 columns column NNS 12299 3437 22 , , , 12299 3437 23 or or CC 12299 3437 24 posts post NNS 12299 3437 25 , , , 12299 3437 26 pp pp NNP 12299 3437 27 . . . 12299 3438 1 239 239 CD 12299 3438 2 - - SYM 12299 3438 3 395 395 CD 12299 3438 4 . . . 12299 3439 1 Senate Senate NNP 12299 3439 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3439 3 . . . 12299 3440 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3440 2 . . . 12299 3441 1 No no UH 12299 3441 2 . . . 12299 3442 1 5 5 CD 12299 3442 2 , , , 12299 3442 3 48th 48th NNP 12299 3442 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3442 5 . . NNP 12299 3442 6 , , , 12299 3442 7 1st 1st NNP 12299 3442 8 sess sess NN 12299 3442 9 . . . 12299 3442 10 , , , 12299 3442 11 1884 1884 CD 12299 3442 12 . . . 12299 3443 1 Tests test NNS 12299 3443 2 of of IN 12299 3443 3 California California NNP 12299 3443 4 laurel laurel NN 12299 3443 5 wood wood NN 12299 3443 6 by by IN 12299 3443 7 compression compression NN 12299 3443 8 , , , 12299 3443 9 indentation indentation NN 12299 3443 10 , , , 12299 3443 11 shearing shear VBG 12299 3443 12 , , , 12299 3443 13 transverse transverse JJ 12299 3443 14 tension tension NN 12299 3443 15 , , , 12299 3443 16 pp pp NNP 12299 3443 17 . . . 12299 3444 1 223 223 CD 12299 3444 2 - - SYM 12299 3444 3 236 236 CD 12299 3444 4 . . . 12299 3445 1 Tests test NNS 12299 3445 2 of of IN 12299 3445 3 North north JJ 12299 3445 4 American american JJ 12299 3445 5 woods wood NNS 12299 3445 6 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3445 7 under under IN 12299 3445 8 supervision supervision NN 12299 3445 9 of of IN 12299 3445 10 Prof. Prof. NNP 12299 3445 11 C.S. C.S. NNP 12299 3446 1 Sargent sargent NN 12299 3446 2 in in IN 12299 3446 3 charge charge NN 12299 3446 4 of of IN 12299 3446 5 the the DT 12299 3446 6 forestry forestry NN 12299 3446 7 division division NN 12299 3446 8 of of IN 12299 3446 9 the the DT 12299 3446 10 Tenth Tenth NNP 12299 3446 11 Census Census NNP 12299 3446 12 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3446 13 , , , 12299 3446 14 with with IN 12299 3446 15 16 16 CD 12299 3446 16 photographs photograph NNS 12299 3446 17 of of IN 12299 3446 18 fractures fracture NNS 12299 3446 19 of of IN 12299 3446 20 American american JJ 12299 3446 21 woods wood NNS 12299 3446 22 , , , 12299 3446 23 pp pp NNP 12299 3446 24 . . . 12299 3447 1 237 237 CD 12299 3447 2 - - SYM 12299 3447 3 347 347 CD 12299 3447 4 . . . 12299 3448 1 Senate Senate NNP 12299 3448 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3448 3 . . . 12299 3449 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3449 2 . . . 12299 3450 1 No no UH 12299 3450 2 . . . 12299 3451 1 35 35 CD 12299 3451 2 , , , 12299 3451 3 49th 49th NN 12299 3451 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3451 5 . . NNP 12299 3451 6 , , , 12299 3451 7 1st 1st JJ 12299 3451 8 sess sess NN 12299 3451 9 . . . 12299 3451 10 , , , 12299 3451 11 1885 1885 CD 12299 3451 12 . . . 12299 3452 1 Adhesion adhesion NN 12299 3452 2 of of IN 12299 3452 3 nails nail NNS 12299 3452 4 , , , 12299 3452 5 spikes spike NNS 12299 3452 6 , , , 12299 3452 7 and and CC 12299 3452 8 screws screw NNS 12299 3452 9 in in IN 12299 3452 10 various various JJ 12299 3452 11 woods wood NNS 12299 3452 12 . . . 12299 3453 1 Experiments experiment NNS 12299 3453 2 on on IN 12299 3453 3 the the DT 12299 3453 4 resistance resistance NN 12299 3453 5 of of IN 12299 3453 6 cut cut NN 12299 3453 7 nails nail NNS 12299 3453 8 , , , 12299 3453 9 wire wire NN 12299 3453 10 nails nail NNS 12299 3453 11 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3453 12 steel steel NN 12299 3453 13 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3453 14 , , , 12299 3453 15 wood wood NN 12299 3453 16 screws screw NNS 12299 3453 17 , , , 12299 3453 18 lag lag NNP 12299 3453 19 screws screw NNS 12299 3453 20 in in IN 12299 3453 21 white white JJ 12299 3453 22 pine pine NNP 12299 3453 23 , , , 12299 3453 24 yellow yellow JJ 12299 3453 25 pine pine NN 12299 3453 26 , , , 12299 3453 27 chestnut chestnut NN 12299 3453 28 , , , 12299 3453 29 white white NNP 12299 3453 30 oak oak NNP 12299 3453 31 , , , 12299 3453 32 and and CC 12299 3453 33 laurel laurel NNP 12299 3453 34 , , , 12299 3453 35 pp pp NNP 12299 3453 36 . . . 12299 3454 1 448 448 CD 12299 3454 2 - - CD 12299 3454 3 471 471 CD 12299 3454 4 . . . 12299 3455 1 House House NNP 12299 3455 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3455 3 . . . 12299 3456 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3456 2 . . . 12299 3457 1 No no UH 12299 3457 2 . . . 12299 3458 1 14 14 CD 12299 3458 2 , , , 12299 3458 3 51st 51st NNP 12299 3458 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3458 5 . . . 12299 3458 6 , , , 12299 3458 7 1st 1st JJ 12299 3458 8 sess sess NN 12299 3458 9 . . . 12299 3458 10 , , , 12299 3458 11 1890 1890 CD 12299 3458 12 . . . 12299 3459 1 Adhesion adhesion NN 12299 3459 2 of of IN 12299 3459 3 spikes spike NNS 12299 3459 4 and and CC 12299 3459 5 bolts bolt NNS 12299 3459 6 in in IN 12299 3459 7 railroad railroad NN 12299 3459 8 ties tie NNS 12299 3459 9 , , , 12299 3459 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3459 11 . . . 12299 3460 1 595 595 CD 12299 3460 2 - - SYM 12299 3460 3 617 617 CD 12299 3460 4 . . . 12299 3461 1 House House NNP 12299 3461 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3461 3 . . . 12299 3462 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3462 2 . . . 12299 3463 1 No no UH 12299 3463 2 . . . 12299 3464 1 161 161 CD 12299 3464 2 , , , 12299 3464 3 52d 52d NNS 12299 3464 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3464 5 . . NNP 12299 3464 6 , , , 12299 3464 7 1st 1st JJ 12299 3464 8 sess sess NN 12299 3464 9 . . . 12299 3464 10 , , , 12299 3464 11 1892 1892 CD 12299 3464 12 . . . 12299 3465 1 Adhesion adhesion NN 12299 3465 2 of of IN 12299 3465 3 nails nail NNS 12299 3465 4 in in IN 12299 3465 5 wood wood NN 12299 3465 6 , , , 12299 3465 7 pp pp NNP 12299 3465 8 . . . 12299 3466 1 744 744 CD 12299 3466 2 - - HYPH 12299 3466 3 745 745 CD 12299 3466 4 . . . 12299 3467 1 House House NNP 12299 3467 2 Ex Ex NNP 12299 3467 3 . . . 12299 3468 1 Doc doc UH 12299 3468 2 . . . 12299 3469 1 No no UH 12299 3469 2 . . . 12299 3470 1 92 92 CD 12299 3470 2 , , , 12299 3470 3 53d 53d NNS 12299 3470 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3470 5 . . NNP 12299 3470 6 , , , 12299 3470 7 3d 3d NNP 12299 3470 8 sess sess NN 12299 3470 9 . . . 12299 3470 10 , , , 12299 3470 11 1895 1895 CD 12299 3470 12 . . . 12299 3471 1 Woods wood NNS 12299 3471 2 -- -- : 12299 3471 3 compression compression NN 12299 3471 4 tests test NNS 12299 3471 5 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3471 6 endwise endwise NNP 12299 3471 7 compression compression NNP 12299 3471 8 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3471 9 , , , 12299 3471 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3471 11 . . . 12299 3472 1 471 471 CD 12299 3472 2 - - SYM 12299 3472 3 476 476 CD 12299 3472 4 . . . 12299 3473 1 House House NNP 12299 3473 2 Doc Doc NNP 12299 3473 3 . . . 12299 3474 1 No no UH 12299 3474 2 . . . 12299 3475 1 54 54 CD 12299 3475 2 , , , 12299 3475 3 54th 54th JJ 12299 3475 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3475 5 . . NNP 12299 3475 6 , , , 12299 3475 7 1st 1st JJ 12299 3475 8 sess sess NN 12299 3475 9 . . . 12299 3475 10 , , , 12299 3475 11 1896 1896 CD 12299 3475 12 . . . 12299 3476 1 Compression compression NN 12299 3476 2 tests test VBZ 12299 3476 3 on on IN 12299 3476 4 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 3476 5 fir fir NN 12299 3476 6 wood wood NN 12299 3476 7 , , , 12299 3476 8 pp pp NNP 12299 3476 9 . . . 12299 3477 1 536 536 CD 12299 3477 2 - - SYM 12299 3477 3 563 563 CD 12299 3477 4 . . . 12299 3478 1 Expansion expansion NN 12299 3478 2 and and CC 12299 3478 3 contraction contraction NN 12299 3478 4 of of IN 12299 3478 5 oak oak NN 12299 3478 6 and and CC 12299 3478 7 pine pine JJ 12299 3478 8 wood wood NN 12299 3478 9 , , , 12299 3478 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3478 11 . . . 12299 3479 1 567 567 CD 12299 3479 2 - - SYM 12299 3479 3 574 574 CD 12299 3479 4 . . . 12299 3480 1 House House NNP 12299 3480 2 Doc Doc NNP 12299 3480 3 . . . 12299 3481 1 No no UH 12299 3481 2 . . . 12299 3482 1 164 164 CD 12299 3482 2 , , , 12299 3482 3 55th 55th JJ 12299 3482 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3482 5 . . NNP 12299 3482 6 , , , 12299 3482 7 2d 2d CD 12299 3482 8 sess sess NN 12299 3482 9 . . . 12299 3482 10 , , , 12299 3482 11 1898 1898 CD 12299 3482 12 . . . 12299 3483 1 Compression compression NN 12299 3483 2 tests test NNS 12299 3483 3 of of IN 12299 3483 4 timber timber NN 12299 3483 5 posts post NNS 12299 3483 6 , , , 12299 3483 7 pp pp NNP 12299 3483 8 . . . 12299 3484 1 405 405 CD 12299 3484 2 - - CD 12299 3484 3 411 411 CD 12299 3484 4 . . . 12299 3485 1 New new JJ 12299 3485 2 posts post NNS 12299 3485 3 of of IN 12299 3485 4 yellow yellow JJ 12299 3485 5 pine pine NN 12299 3485 6 and and CC 12299 3485 7 spruce spruce NN 12299 3485 8 , , , 12299 3485 9 pp pp ADD 12299 3485 10 . . . 12299 3486 1 413 413 CD 12299 3486 2 - - SYM 12299 3486 3 450 450 CD 12299 3486 4 ; ; : 12299 3486 5 Old old JJ 12299 3486 6 yellow yellow JJ 12299 3486 7 pine pine NN 12299 3486 8 posts post NNS 12299 3486 9 from from IN 12299 3486 10 Boston Boston NNP 12299 3486 11 Fire Fire NNP 12299 3486 12 Brick Brick NNP 12299 3486 13 Co. Co. NNP 12299 3486 14 building building NN 12299 3486 15 , , , 12299 3486 16 No no UH 12299 3486 17 . . . 12299 3487 1 394 394 CD 12299 3487 2 Federal Federal NNP 12299 3487 3 St. St. NNP 12299 3487 4 , , , 12299 3487 5 Boston Boston NNP 12299 3487 6 , , , 12299 3487 7 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 12299 3487 8 , , , 12299 3487 9 pp pp NNP 12299 3487 10 . . . 12299 3488 1 451 451 CD 12299 3488 2 - - SYM 12299 3488 3 473 473 CD 12299 3488 4 . . . 12299 3489 1 House House NNP 12299 3489 2 Doc Doc NNP 12299 3489 3 . . . 12299 3490 1 No no UH 12299 3490 2 . . . 12299 3491 1 143 143 CD 12299 3491 2 , , , 12299 3491 3 55th 55th JJ 12299 3491 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3491 5 . . NNP 12299 3491 6 , , , 12299 3491 7 3d 3d NNP 12299 3491 8 sess sess NN 12299 3491 9 . . . 12299 3491 10 , , , 12299 3491 11 1899 1899 CD 12299 3491 12 . . . 12299 3492 1 Fire fire NN 12299 3492 2 - - HYPH 12299 3492 3 proofed proofed NN 12299 3492 4 wood wood NN 12299 3492 5 ( ( -LRB- 12299 3492 6 endwise endwise NN 12299 3492 7 and and CC 12299 3492 8 transverse transverse JJ 12299 3492 9 tests test NNS 12299 3492 10 ) ) -RRB- 12299 3492 11 , , , 12299 3492 12 pp pp NNP 12299 3492 13 . . . 12299 3493 1 676 676 CD 12299 3493 2 - - SYM 12299 3493 3 681 681 CD 12299 3493 4 . . . 12299 3494 1 House House NNP 12299 3494 2 Doc Doc NNP 12299 3494 3 . . . 12299 3495 1 No no UH 12299 3495 2 . . . 12299 3496 1 190 190 CD 12299 3496 2 , , , 12299 3496 3 56th 56th JJ 12299 3496 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3496 5 . . NNP 12299 3496 6 , , , 12299 3496 7 2d 2d CD 12299 3496 8 sess sess NN 12299 3496 9 . . . 12299 3496 10 , , , 12299 3496 11 1901 1901 CD 12299 3496 12 . . . 12299 3497 1 Cypress cypress JJ 12299 3497 2 wood wood NN 12299 3497 3 for for IN 12299 3497 4 United United NNP 12299 3497 5 States States NNP 12299 3497 6 Engineer Engineer NNP 12299 3497 7 Corps Corps NNP 12299 3497 8 ; ; : 12299 3497 9 compression compression NN 12299 3497 10 and and CC 12299 3497 11 transverse transverse JJ 12299 3497 12 tests test NNS 12299 3497 13 , , , 12299 3497 14 pp pp NNP 12299 3497 15 . . . 12299 3498 1 1121 1121 CD 12299 3498 2 - - SYM 12299 3498 3 1126 1126 CD 12299 3498 4 . . . 12299 3499 1 Old old JJ 12299 3499 2 white white JJ 12299 3499 3 pine pine NN 12299 3499 4 and and CC 12299 3499 5 red red JJ 12299 3499 6 oak oak NN 12299 3499 7 from from IN 12299 3499 8 roof roof NN 12299 3499 9 trusses truss NNS 12299 3499 10 of of IN 12299 3499 11 Old Old NNP 12299 3499 12 South South NNP 12299 3499 13 Church Church NNP 12299 3499 14 , , , 12299 3499 15 Boston Boston NNP 12299 3499 16 , , , 12299 3499 17 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 12299 3499 18 , , , 12299 3499 19 pp pp NNP 12299 3499 20 . . . 12299 3500 1 1127 1127 CD 12299 3500 2 - - SYM 12299 3500 3 1130 1130 CD 12299 3500 4 . . . 12299 3501 1 Compression compression NN 12299 3501 2 of of IN 12299 3501 3 rubber rubber NN 12299 3501 4 , , , 12299 3501 5 balata balata NN 12299 3501 6 , , , 12299 3501 7 and and CC 12299 3501 8 wood wood NN 12299 3501 9 buffers buffer NNS 12299 3501 10 , , , 12299 3501 11 pp pp NNP 12299 3501 12 . . . 12299 3502 1 1149 1149 CD 12299 3502 2 - - SYM 12299 3502 3 1158 1158 CD 12299 3502 4 . . . 12299 3503 1 House House NNP 12299 3503 2 Doc Doc NNP 12299 3503 3 . . . 12299 3504 1 No no UH 12299 3504 2 . . . 12299 3505 1 335 335 CD 12299 3505 2 , , , 12299 3505 3 57th 57th JJ 12299 3505 4 Cong Cong NNP 12299 3505 5 . . NNP 12299 3505 6 , , , 12299 3505 7 2d 2d CD 12299 3505 8 sess sess NN 12299 3505 9 . . . 12299 3505 10 , , , 12299 3505 11 1903 1903 CD 12299 3505 12 . . . 12299 3506 1 Douglas Douglas NNP 12299 3506 2 fir fir NN 12299 3506 3 and and CC 12299 3506 4 white white JJ 12299 3506 5 oak oak NN 12299 3506 6 woods wood NNS 12299 3506 7 . . . 12299 3507 1 Transverse Transverse NNP 12299 3507 2 and and CC 12299 3507 3 shearing shear VBG 12299 3507 4 tests test NNS 12299 3507 5 ; ; : 12299 3507 6 also also RB 12299 3507 7 observations observation NNS 12299 3507 8 on on IN 12299 3507 9 heat heat NN 12299 3507 10 conductivity conductivity NN 12299 3507 11 of of IN 12299 3507 12 sticks stick NNS 12299 3507 13 over over IN 12299 3507 14 wood wood NN 12299 3507 15 fires fire NNS 12299 3507 16 and and CC 12299 3507 17 a a DT 12299 3507 18 stick stick NN 12299 3507 19 exposed expose VBN 12299 3507 20 to to IN 12299 3507 21 low low JJ 12299 3507 22 temperature temperature NN 12299 3507 23 . . . 12299 3508 1 Expansion expansion NN 12299 3508 2 crosswise crosswise NN 12299 3508 3 the the DT 12299 3508 4 grain grain NN 12299 3508 5 of of IN 12299 3508 6 wood wood NN 12299 3508 7 after after IN 12299 3508 8 submersion submersion NN 12299 3508 9 , , , 12299 3508 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3508 11 . . . 12299 3509 1 519 519 CD 12299 3509 2 - - SYM 12299 3509 3 561 561 CD 12299 3509 4 . . . 12299 3510 1 Adhesion adhesion NN 12299 3510 2 of of IN 12299 3510 3 lag lag NN 12299 3510 4 screws screw NNS 12299 3510 5 and and CC 12299 3510 6 bolts bolt NNS 12299 3510 7 in in IN 12299 3510 8 wood wood NN 12299 3510 9 , , , 12299 3510 10 pp pp NNP 12299 3510 11 . . . 12299 3511 1 563 563 CD 12299 3511 2 - - SYM 12299 3511 3 578 578 CD 12299 3511 4 . . .