505. INDEX A Acid, effect on keeping qualities of antiscorbutics, 66, 161 Acidosis, 244 theory, 24 Adrenals, 102 in guinea-pig scurvy, 122 Adult, scurvy in, history of, 1 Age incidence, 51 Aging, effect on antiscorbutics of, 67 Agglutinins, effect of scurvy on, 68 Alimentary tract, gross pathology, 89 microscopic pathology, 100 Alkalization, effect on milk of, 50 on orange juice of, 66, 154 Amboceptor, effect of scurvy on, 68 Anasarca, 86, 196 Animals, scurvy in, 114 Anorexia, 206 Antiscorbutics, and antiscorbutic foods, 143, =149=, 157 history of use of, 9, 143 Antitoxin, effect of scurvy on, 68 Appendicitis, confused diagnosis, 183 Appetite, 206 Apple, antiscorbutic value of, 158 Armies, scurvy in, 3, 15 Army, use of canned tomatoes in ration of U. S., 231 B Bacteria, fecal, in scurvy, 28 as etiological factor in scurvy, 134 in tissues, 133 Bacterial theory of scurvy, 30 Banana, antiscorbutic value of, 158 Beading of ribs, 197 in guinea-pig, 129, 137 pathology of, 94 Beans, germinated, 167, 231 Beef juice, 236 Beer, antiscorbutic value of, 20, =169= Beriberi, differential diagnosis, 221 relation to scurvy, =249= Berries, antiscorbutic value of, 156 Blindness, 182 Blood cells, changes in, 209-211 Blood cells, chemistry of, 244, 245 coagulability of, 211 Blood vessels, changes in, 68, =98=, 209 in guinea-pigs, 133 Blood, vitamine content of, 76 Bones, gross pathology, 93 microscopic pathology, 105 Brain, pathology, 93 Breast fed, scurvy in, 35 C Cabbage, antiscorbutic value of, 159 dehydrated, 165 effect of heat on, 159 Calcium, deposits of, 98, 102, 103 metabolism, 241-247 "Capillary resistance test," =212=, 257 Carbohydrates, 34, 59 "Cardiorespiratory syndrome," 200 Cardiovascular system, 199 Carrots, antiscorbutic value of, 159, 160 Central nervous system, gross pathology, 93 microscopic pathology, =104= Cereals, antiscorbutic value of, 170 germinated, 167 Cerebrospinal fluid, 203 Chlorides, 242-247 Citric acid theory, 23 Climate, 55 Complement, effect of scurvy on, 69 Complexion, characteristic change in, 176, 184 Complications of scurvy, 182, 202, 205, 217 Constipation, 27, =118-122=, 207 Cord, spinal, pathology, 93, 104 Creatinine, 244 Cure, 236 D Death, causes of, 179, 227 Deficiency diseases, general discussion, 63, 248 Diagnosis, 176, 219 Diastase, blood content of, 244 Diet, general, 59 Digestive disturbances, 78 Diphtheria, antitoxin in blood, 68 as complication of scurvy, 217 Drying, effect on vitamines of, 66 Duodenum, pathology, 89 Dysentery, 59, 182 E Economic status, 55 Eczema, 195 Edema, 178, 184, =196= hunger, 256 war, 256 Eggs, antiscorbutic value of, 168 Endocrine organs, gross pathology, 92 microscopic pathology, 104 extracts of, as preventive, 172 theory of vitamine action, 72 Epidemics, 2, 217 Epiphyses, separation of, 96, 181, =198= Etiology, =35= exciting factors in, 60 Excretion of vitamine, 77 Expeditions, scurvy in Arctic, 10 Experimental scurvy, 111 pathogenesis, 116 pathology, 122 symptoms, 135 Exudative diathesis, 59, 256 Eyeball, proptosis, 193 F Familial tendency, 58 Fats, in diet, effect on scurvy, 59 Fever, 181, =216= Foetus, effect of scorbutic diet on, 125 Food, excess of, 257 Foods, antiscorbutic, 143, =149= proprietary, 49 Fractures, 95 Frost-bite, 180 Fruit juices, 153 Fruits, fresh, 144 G Generative organs, pathology, 104 Glands, endocrine, 72 changes in, 73, 92, 104 Glucose, blood content of, 244 Grapes, antiscorbutic value of, 158 Growth in scurvy, 213 Guinea-pig scurvy, 112, 114 Guinea-pig pathogenesis, 116 pathology, 122 relation to human, 115 symptoms, 135 Gums, 177, 181, 184 in infantile scurvy, =189= pathology of, 89, 100 H Hair, changes in, 194 Heart, =200= gross pathology, 87 microscopic pathology, 99 Heat, effect on vitamine of, 65 Hemorrhages, 180, 189 as early symptoms, 178 distribution of, 84 gastric, 208 orbital, 193 subperiosteal, 95, =191= urinary, 204 History of scurvy, 1 Hog, effect of scorbutic diet on, 115 Hypophysis, 104 I Infantile scurvy, history, 10 in artificially fed, 40 in breast-fed, 35 increase during World War, 21-22 relation to epidemic scurvy of adults, 15, 37 relation to rickets, 11, =110=, =252= symptomatology, =183= Infection, as exciting factor, 60, 218 increased liability to, 68 effect on prognosis, 227 Intestines, gross pathology, 90 microscopic pathology, 100 Intravenous use of orange juice, 238 Irregularities in course of deficiency diseases, 78 J Jaundice, 208 Joints, lesions of, 199 K Kidneys, gross pathology, 91 microscopic pathology, 102 L Latent scurvy, 179, 183, =187= Laxatives, failure to cure with, 28, =207= Lemon juice, antiscorbutic value of, 153, 234 dried, 155, 232 ration in British Navy, 9, 144 Lentils, value as antiscorbutic, 167, 231 Lice, theory of transmission of scurvy by, 30 Lime juice, antiscorbutic value of, 156 fallacy in regard to, 149 use in British Navy, 144 Liver, gross pathology, 91 microscopic pathology, 101 Lungs, gross pathology, 88 microscopic pathology, 99 Lymph-nodes, gross pathology, 92 microscopic pathology, 101 M Malnutrition, general, 58 Malt soup, 50 Marrow, changes in, 107 Meat, fresh, 147, =168= salt, 146 "Mehlnaerschaden" of Czerny, 256 Metabolism in scurvy, 241-247 Milk, alkalized, 50 amount necessary to prevent scurvy, 49, 117, =150= boiled, 44, 65 condensed, 48 dried, 46, 66, =152= effect of industrial methods on, 43 evaporated, 45 pasteurized, 40, 65 home vs. commercial, 42 sterilized, 44 breast, amount necessary to prevent scurvy, 36, 39, 153 as cause of beriberi, 39 cows, antiscorbutic value of, 40, 152 goats, antiscorbutic value of, 153 Mineral metabolism in scurvy, 241-247 Monkey, scurvy in, 114, =127= pathology, 128 Muscles, pathology, 97 N Nails, changes in, 194 Necropsy reports, 82 Nephritis, 205 Nerves, peripheral, in guinea-pig scurvy, 132 pathology, 105 Nervous system, effect of scurvy on, 202 Nutrition, general, in scurvy, 58, 59, 213 Nyctalopia, 182 O Orange juice, antiscorbutic value of, =153=, 234 "artificial," 33 dried, 155 effect of alkalization of, 154 intravenous use of, 238 subcutaneous use of, 155 peel, antiscorbutic value of, 234 Osteogenesis imperfecta, 255 Osteomalacia, differentiation of, from scurvy, 255 Osteomyelitis, differentiation of, from scurvy, 222 Osteoporosis, differentiation of, from scurvy, 255 Osteotabes infantum, 109 P Pains, as early symptom, 176 Pancreas, gross pathology, 91 microscopic pathology, 104 Pasteurized milk, 40 Pathogenesis of scurvy, theories of, 23 Pathology of scurvy in guinea-pig, 122 in man, gross, 83 microscopic, 96 in monkey, 128 Peas, antiscorbutic value of, 167, 231 Pellagra, 251 Phenols, excretion of, 245 Phosphate metabolism, 241-247 Pigeon, effect of scorbutic diet on, 114 Pneumonia, 202 Posture, characteristic, in guinea-pig, 136 Posture, characteristic, infant, 183 Potassium deficiency theory, 23 metabolism, =241-247= Potatoes, antiscorbutic value of, 6, 7, 146, =161=, 235 Prevention of scurvy, 230 Prognosis, 225 Protein in diet, effect on scurvy, 59 Psychic element in scurvy, 57 Pulse, 181, =201= Pulses, germinated, 167, 231 Purpura, differential diagnosis, 221 Pyorrhoea, relation to lesion of gums, 181 R Racial immunity, 56 Rats, effect of scorbutic diet on, 114, 115 Recurrent scurvy, 228 Respirations, 201 Retina, hemorrhages in, 105 Rheumatism, confusion with scurvy, 176, 220 Ribs, beading of, 197 pathology, 94 in guinea-pig, 129, 137 Rickets, relation of, to scurvy, =11=, =110=, =252= Rosary, 94, 197 S Sauerkraut, antiscorbutic value of, 145 Season, effect on incidence, 54 Sex, effect on incidence, 56 Shaking, effect on antiscorbutic factor, 68 Ship beriberi, 250 Skin, pathology, 96 Spleen, gross pathology, 91 microscopic pathology, 102 Sprue, 256 Starvation, pathology of, 125 Stomach, gross pathology, 89 microscopic pathology, 100 Storage of vitamine in body, 74 Streptococcus in blood in scurvy, 134 Subacute form of scurvy, 184 Subcutaneous use of antiscorbutics, 155 Swede, antiscorbutic value of, =162=, 235 Symptomatology, in adult, 176 in infant, 183 Syphilis, congenital, differential diagnosis, 222, 223 T Teeth, in guinea-pig scurvy, 130, 137 in human scurvy, 177 Temperature, in guinea-pig scurvy, 141 in human scurvy, 181, =216= Thymus, pathology of, 104 use of gland in treatment, 172 Thyroid, pathology of, 104 use of gland in treatment, 172 Tomatoes, canned, antiscorbutic value of, =166=, 231, 234 in U. S. Army ration, 231 Toxic theory of pathogenesis of scurvy, 25 Treatment of scurvy, 230 duration of, 237 non-dietetic, 239 U Ultra-violet rays, effect on antiscorbutics, 67 Urea content of blood, 244 of tissues, 245 Urine in scurvy, =204-206= V Vegetable juices, keeping qualities of, 161 Vegetables, antiscorbutic value of 144, =158= canned, 166 dehydrated, 163 effect of heat on, 159 fresh, 144, =158= ripeness of, effect on antiscorbutic value, 160 Vitamine, antiscorbutic, general discussion of, 62 action of, 68, 69 as antitoxin, 69 as catalytic agent, 70 as nutriment, 69 blood content of, 76 effect of heat on, 65 of ultra-violet ray on, 67 excretion of, 77 Vitamine, experimental evidence for, 62 fate in body, 74, 77 relation to water-soluble factor, 65, 67 relation to antineuritic vitamine, 67 resistance to chemical and physical processes, 64 storage in body of, =74= theory of scurvy, 32 W Weight, loss of, 138, 213 "White line" of Fraenkel, =128=, =198= World War, scurvy in, 15 X X-ray in diagnosis of scurvy, 128, 192, 198 Y Yeast, antiscorbutic value of, 171