Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 74 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54483 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 78 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 illustration 27 leave 20 flower 18 plant 13 tree 13 Mr. 11 England 9 Synonyms 9 Specific 9 Order 9 Generic 9 Europe 9 Class 9 Character 7 Wild 7 White 7 PLATE 7 New 7 Linn 7 FIG 7 Dr. 6 water 6 seed 6 fig 6 States 6 June 6 Fig 5 stem 5 root 5 like 5 great 5 form 5 London 5 Britain 5 America 4 time 4 specie 4 long 4 english 4 british 4 Yellow 4 United 4 Scotland 4 Pers 4 Oak 4 North 4 India 4 Flora 4 CHAPTER 4 Bull Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 14006 plant 13858 flower 12296 leave 10013 tree 6653 stem 6187 specie 5211 p. 5043 illustration 5017 inch 4880 part 4479 seed 4359 time 4345 leaf 4254 form 4085 cm 3758 wood 3756 fruit 3724 case 3701 branch 3582 water 3542 spore 3428 side 3352 foot 3271 root 3197 base 2972 year 2819 name 2693 variety 2692 day 2643 color 2637 fig 2493 movement 2473 surface 2433 ground 2402 place 2296 size 2289 petal 2245 number 2196 one 2120 light 2067 kind 2067 bud 2065 scale 2023 soil 1945 effect 1932 summer 1930 end 1910 growth 1907 margin 1869 length Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 84475 _ 4222 P. 3773 . 2781 g. 2719 s. 2416 sp 2153 Fr 1801 C. 1612 L. 1399 Fig 1223 brown 1207 Mr. 1117 New 1088 England 1058 white 1006 c.m 1004 convex 971 FIG 957 Pl 908 M. 901 June 890 Dr. 882 c. 860 Europe 810 S. 758 White 723 | 705 B. 691 July 684 May 672 Linn 664 N. 663 apex 644 Character 625 America 618 PLATE 585 August 583 A. 563 September 559 Bull 536 North 530 Drosera 528 H. 523 adnate 522 whitish 520 J. 512 States 506 Oak 501 E. 498 Family Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 31767 it 11318 they 6875 i 5806 we 5520 them 3112 he 1932 you 1263 us 1017 me 1006 itself 848 themselves 639 him 502 she 473 one 277 himself 171 her 154 myself 74 ourselves 71 thee 51 herself 32 ours 26 em 22 yourself 21 mine 21 ''em 13 theirs 5 thyself 4 yours 4 ''s 3 oneself 3 his 2 ye 2 us:-- 2 translated:-- 2 it.--lewis 2 canadensis.= 2 bd 1 yt 1 yarrow.--this 1 words:--"they 1 wine--_probatum 1 whey 1 vine= 1 u 1 tyranniseth 1 tufts 1 this:-- 1 themselves,[2 1 them:-- 1 tease,-- Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 129152 be 24765 have 7263 grow 6332 find 5046 make 4854 see 4538 do 4346 become 4185 give 3467 form 3264 leave 3070 say 2901 know 2731 show 2613 call 2609 take 2594 use 2455 produce 2211 appear 2149 bear 2089 cover 1872 seem 1808 place 1694 follow 1674 describe 1649 contain 1558 come 1534 flower 1523 cultivate 1475 occur 1474 observe 1429 remain 1405 shape 1303 keep 1291 cut 1275 rise 1268 spread 1239 fall 1154 look 1152 stand 1135 expand 1131 consider 1128 distinguish 1010 eat 1005 plant 1003 think 998 develop 989 cause 973 resemble 965 turn Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 14769 not 10046 very 8614 more 8444 long 6854 white 6851 other 6440 small 6007 large 5594 so 5137 then 5110 only 4673 same 4521 many 4313 often 4275 first 4191 much 4184 also 4170 most 4114 well 3969 sometimes 3682 as 3679 little 3516 common 3445 great 3433 less 3364 usually 3333 high 3263 green 3217 short 3203 yellow 3137 even 2794 about 2744 such 2735 good 2707 up 2654 old 2628 rather 2617 smooth 2595 nearly 2535 few 2497 broad 2454 dark 2446 young 2415 brown 2256 several 2246 red 2236 almost 2228 thin 2222 low 2212 pale Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1321 most 884 good 775 least 291 large 228 great 178 Most 151 fine 133 high 130 early 100 low 100 common 96 small 93 hygr 82 near 78 broad 75 slight 70 long 59 old 54 simple 48 wide 45 rich 42 handsome 41 manif 40 strong 40 late 33 lovely 30 easy 27 young 27 tall 27 noble 26 fair 26 bad 24 deep 23 pure 21 bright 20 sweet 20 lowermost 19 poor 17 short 15 topmost 15 quick 15 light 14 officinalis 13 soft 13 full 13 choice 11 weak 11 warm 11 thin 11 rare Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2849 most 261 well 145 least 6 broadest 4 widest 4 officinalis 4 long 2 ¦ 2 oldest 2 lest 2 largest 2 easiest 2 early 2 --4 1 uppermost 1 squamosa= 1 sorceries.--(kenilworth 1 soon 1 safest 1 proud,--almost 1 lowermost 1 introduces,--without 1 highest 1 freest 1 fast 1 farthest 1 fairest 1 brightest 1 avellàna= Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 www.gutenberg.org 6 www.gutenberg.net 3 dp.rastko.net 3 archive.org 1 repository.tamu.edu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 3 http://dp.rastko.net 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42696/42696-h/42696-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42696/42696-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41702/41702-h/41702-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41702/41702-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31098/31098-h/31098-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31098/31098-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/6/4/9/26492/26492-h/26492-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/6/4/9/26492/26492-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/3/3/5/23354/23354-h/23354-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/3/3/5/23354/23354-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/7/6/21761/21761-h/21761-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/7/6/21761/21761-h.zip 1 http://repository.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/3440] 1 http://archive.org/details/fieldwoodlandpla00furn 1 http://archive.org/details/diatomaceofphi00boye 1 http://archive.org Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 ruthhart@twilightoracle.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 _ leaves _ 64 plant is very 64 spores are elliptical 63 flowers are small 60 _ flowers _ 55 spores are white 51 _ see _ 49 plant is quite 48 leaves are very 45 stem is solid 44 stem is short 43 flowers are very 40 flowers are about 38 stem is hollow 36 plant is not 35 flowers are white 33 flowers are not 32 leaves are smooth 30 stem is equal 28 leaves were then 27 _ is not 26 stem is slender 25 plants are very 24 stem is erect 24 stem is stout 23 leaves are not 23 plant is common 23 plants are not 22 flowers are usually 22 leaves are dark 22 leaves are opposite 21 plants are usually 20 leaves are large 20 leaves are long 20 plant is so 19 _ is _ 19 _ is light 19 flowers are nearly 19 plants do not 18 _ is very 18 leaves are narrow 18 species are not 18 stem is very 17 _ are alternate 17 _ is heavy 17 flowers are large 17 leaves are much 17 leaves are small 17 leaves do not 17 plant is also Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 plant is not very 4 _ is not so 4 flowers are not so 4 flowers have no petals 3 flowers have no pedicels 3 leaf was not at 3 plant is not uncommon 3 plants are not very 3 species are not numerous 2 _ are not unfrequently 2 _ is not _ 2 flower is not uncommon 2 flowers have not yet 2 form is not uncommon 2 form is not usually 2 fruits are not always 2 leaves are not toothed 2 leaves have no stalks 2 plant is not easily 2 plants are not charitable 2 root is not at 2 seeds do not readily 2 species are not so 2 species occurs not rarely 2 tree is no longer 2 trees are not so 1 * leaves not very 1 _ are not half 1 _ are not less 1 _ bearing not only 1 _ describes no less 1 _ do not often 1 _ does not necessarily 1 _ has no bristle 1 _ has no canal 1 _ has no hope 1 _ has no power 1 _ has no rays 1 _ has no smell 1 _ has not yet 1 _ have no smell 1 _ is not as 1 _ is not at 1 _ is not clear 1 _ is not large 1 _ is not more 1 _ is not necessarily 1 _ is not poisonous 1 _ is not strictly 1 _ is not terminal A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 29724 author = Apgar, A. C. (Austin Craig) title = Trees of the Northern United States Their Study, Description and Determination date = keywords = B.=; D.=; Europe; FAMILY; Fig; Fruit; GENUS; Japan; New; ORDER; States; a.=; e.=; illustration; large; leave; tree summary = =f.= Leaves broadly heart-shaped; margin entire; small tree =w.= Leaves neither heart-shaped nor lobed; small trees, =z.= Leaves small, lanceolate; flowers and fruit large and Trees and tall shrubs with alternate, thick, smooth, entire leaves with Trees with alternate, deciduous, smooth, stipulate, 4-lobed leaves, the Shrubs or small trees with alternate, simple, feather-veined leaves. tree-like species; has ovate, wedge-shaped, 3-lobed, toothed leaves, and Trees with alternate, deciduous, obliquely heart-shaped, serrate leaves, Large trees to shrubs, with alternate, odd-pinnate leaves. Shrubs with simple leaves and small, regular flowers, forming a fruit Leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate, smooth; flowers and fruit commonly in Small tree with alternate, odd-pinnate leaves, the base of the petiole Small trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, heart-shaped leaves. Small trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, deciduous, serrate leaves. Leaves alternate, entire; flowers axillary, stemmed; fruit drupe-like =Quércus rùbra, L.= (RED OAK.) Leaves rather thin, smooth, oblong, id = 47971 author = Armstrong, Margaret title = Field Book of Western Wild Flowers date = keywords = America; Arizona; Asia; Cal; Canyon; Desert; East; Family; Grand; Nevada; New; Northwest; Spring; Stamens; Summer; Utah; Washington; West; White; Wild; Yellow; Yosemite; california=; flower; illustration; inch; leave; sidenote summary = bright green leaves, and exceedingly handsome flowers, over two inches and small yellow flowers, slightly fragrant and forming pretty clusters tall, bluish-green leaves, and flowers less than an inch long, with a inches to a foot and a half tall, with dark-green leaves, smooth, hairy leaves and usually blue or white flowers, very irregular in form, with An attractive plant, eight inches to a foot tall, with pretty flowers bright-yellow flowers, each about half an inch long, on slender hairy stems and leaves and pretty clusters of magenta flowers, each stems; pale, yellowish-green, downy leaves, about an inch long, Pretty little plants, from two to six inches tall, with small leaves, slender branches, dull green leaves, and pretty little flowers, an cream-white flowers, with long, yellow stamens, form handsome, with branching stems, dark green leaves, and pretty little flowers, with smooth branches and leaves and pale yellow flowers; growing in id = 26492 author = Atkinson, George Francis title = Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. date = keywords = Agaricus; Amanita; Blowing; Boletus; FIGURE; Fig; Ithaca; Lactarius; PLATE; Rock; September; chapter; color; illustration; natural; plant; stem summary = showing stem, annulus, gills, and margin of pileus. showing gill slits and hollow stem; colors white and black. Cap flesh color, gills dark gray; entire plant black when dried surface of the stem below the annulus, as in the left hand plant of Fig. 53. [Illustration: FIGURE 55.--Amanita phalloides, white form, showing cap, [Illustration: FIGURE 61.--Amanita verna, small form, white (natural entire plant is usually white, but in some specimens the cap has a tinge olive-brown, scales minute, pointed, gills and stem white (natural reddish yellow, viscid, gills white, stem dark brown, velvety hairy [Illustration: FIGURE 96.--Mycena polygramma, long-stemmed form growing white color of the gills, and in old plants the wavy margin of the cap In some forms the plant is entirely white, except the gills. white, gills flesh color, stem furrowed and tomentose (natural size). plant pale ochre color, gills later ochre yellow (natural size). id = 46281 author = Bateman, Jas. (James) title = A Monograph of Odontoglossum date = keywords = COLUMN; LIP; Lindl; Lindley; Mr.; ODONTOGLOSSUM; PETALS; PSEUDOBULBS; Reichenbach; SEPALS; illustration summary = _Odontoglossum nebulosum_ flowers at different seasons of the year, always PSEUDOBULBS _nearly two inches long, ovate, bearing one, than the leaves, bearing from 5 to 10 flowers, usually from 2 to 3 inches This _Odontoglossum_ was originally introduced from Mexico by the late Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, after whose gardener it was named by Dr. Lindley. ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, _Lindley, in Paxton''s Flower Garden, iii. flower-stems half an inch thick and fully 6 feet high. [Illustration: Plant of _Odontoglossum grande_ in the collection of Joshua ODONTOGLOSSUM NÆVIUM, _Lindley in Paxton''s Flower Garden_, i. PSEUDOBULBS _about 3 inches long, ovate-oblong, compressed, 2-leaved, This remarkable _Odontoglossum_ was long since discovered in New Granada by The figure is taken from a plant that flowered in Mr. Day''s collection in plant that flowered with me,--but still larger varieties have since coolest part of the "cool Orchid-house," in which it grows and flowers very Nearly all the species flower during the id = 26158 author = Beal, W. J. (William James) title = Seed Dispersal date = keywords = FIG; animal; dry; fruit; illustration; leave; plant; seed; water; wind summary = Cattle carry away living plants and seeds . A seed starts and becomes a small plant on the surface of the An air-tight sack buoys up seeds.--Here are several dry fruits are well scattered by the wind, but these seed-like fruits have taken account of seeds and fruits that are carried by the aid of wind, in and seed-like fruits spread themselves out, as if to tempt the wind plants produce very small and light seeds? A considerable number of seeds and fruits grow with a parachute to permit seeds to dry and the wind to enter; to the right, a fruit Seed-like fruits moved about by twisting awns.--Most of the The dry, seed-like fruits of the strawberry are carried large number of small seeds and fruits are rubbed off and carried and other animals seek and devour the fruits of many plants, the seeds "Seed Planting by Birds." By W. id = 40050 author = Bose, Jagadis Chandra title = Life Movements in Plants, Volume II date = keywords = Experiment; FIG; Mimosa; Nymphæa; curvature; effect; illustration; light; movement; organ; response; stimulus; temperature summary = types of response: Positive and Negative--Effect of rise of Torsional response to light--Effect of different modes of stimulus--Effect of variation of temperature on geotropic rise only to positive response; direct application of strong stimulus The positive effect of indirect stimulus reached the region of growth on intensity induced negative tropic effect (movement away from the induces movement towards stimulus (positive curvature) indicated by more excitable since diffuse electric stimulus induces a movement of In positive thermonastic organs stimulus induces a movement of closure; In different organs of plants the stimulus of light induces movements of As regards the effect of direct stimulus of light on growing organs we perception, since direct action of light induces no effect. the stem (-->) (_b_) Record of effect of direct stimulus, positive the upper half induces a slow up-movement, while the stimulus of light intensity also induced responsive movement away from the stimulus (Fig. 171). id = 44569 author = Boyer, Charles S. (Charles Sumner) title = The Diatomaceæ of Philadelphia and Vicinity date = keywords = Ehr; Fig; Figs; Greg; Grun; Kuetz; Navicula; PLATE; River; VAR summary = Valve lanceolate; costæ slightly radiate, punctate; median area broad, axial area and slightly radiate, punctate striæ; the upper valve with a slightly radiating, finely punctate striæ; lower valve with narrow, axial _Var. libyca (Ehr.) Cl._--Central area distinct on the dorsal side. _Var. pediculus (Kuetz.) Cl._--Central area and nodule quite distinct. Frustules stipitate; valve lanceolate; striæ transverse in the middle, Valve lanceolate, axial area narrow, central area widened; transverse striæ Valve linear, with parallel margins and rounded ends; axial area narrow, Kuetzing''s species is Pinnularia esox Ehr., a form near P. _Var. gracilis (Ehr.) Cl._--Valve lanceolate, striæ very fine; margin of _Var. amphicephala (Kuetz.) Cl._--Valve capitate at the ends; striæ, 24 in Valve elliptical-lanceolate, with rounded ends; striæ and puncta closer Valve lanceolate, obtuse; axial area widened in the middle; striæ radiate near the ends of the valve, forming a transverse lunate space; central area Valve lanceolate; axial area narrow; central area small, rounded; striæ id = 20467 author = Brooks, Henry M. (Henry Mason) title = Handbook of the Trees of New England date = keywords = Acer; Americana; Buds; Connecticut; England; Leaves.=--Buds; Marsh; Michx; Minnesota; New; PLATE; Quercus; Rhode; illustration; value.=--hardy; white summary = =Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Leading branch-buds 1/4-1/2 inch long, oblong shoots, in clusters, each flower about one inch long, oval, light brown; =Habit.=--Usually a low tree, 15-30 feet high and 6-8 inches in diameter =Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Branch-buds light brown, ovate, apex acute or =Habit.=--In New England, usually a small, slender tree, 10-30 feet high year; about 3/8 inch long, ovate; anthers madder-red: fertile flowers at inch long; anthers pale red: fertile flowers at or near ends of season''s =Habit.=--A large tree, 50-80 feet in height; trunk usually rather short =Bark.=--Trunk in young trees and in the smaller branches ash-gray, off in large, thickish plates; on young trees and on branches a dark inches long, scales 2-3-flowered: fertile catkins bright green, =Habit.=--Tree 40-60 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 10 inches to 2 A small tree, 10-25 feet in height and 6-12 inches in trunk diameter; trees separating into large plates; smaller branches dark brown, id = 11723 author = Church, Ella Rodman title = Among the Trees at Elmridge date = keywords = CHAPTER; Caroline; Clara; Edith; England; Europe; God; Harson; India; Indians; Malcolm; Miss; english; great; illustration; leave; like; reply; tree summary = "There is a great deal to be learned about trees," said Miss Harson, "That is its autumn dress," said Miss Harson, "although a small tree is "Don''t you remember, Miss Harson," said Edith, "the little tree that I "Have we any trees that look like vases, Miss Harson?" asked Clara. "Here," said Miss Harson, "is a small branch from an oak tree containing "I should think," said Clara, "that people would plant oak trees "What tree comes next, Miss Harson?" asked Clara, on an April day that "I know where there are some," said Malcolm: "right in front of Mrs. Bush''s old house; and I think they''re miserable-looking trees." "These peach trees," said Clara, "look like sticks with pink flowers all "Miss Harson," asked Clara, "do people cut down real cherry trees to "Miss Harson," said Malcolm, "what is the upas tree like, and why is it id = 13347 author = Cooke, Arthur O. (Arthur Owens) title = Wildflowers of the Farm date = keywords = Clover; Hammond; Red; flower; illustration summary = farmer''s fields, we shall see many pretty flowers which he calls weeds. comparatively small plants in which the flower or blossom is easily leaves make earth or "soil." Wallflowers and other plants which grow on under side of the flower stem; the Red Valerian, like the Violet, is a The stems with the flowers and leaves hang down below the root; it On the barren stems the leaves grow so closely that they quite cover the The small greenish-yellow flowers of the Stinging Nettle grow in long The leaves of the White Clover grow, like the flower, at the top of the The leaves of the Crimson Clover grow on the flower difference is that the blossoms of the Primrose grow on _long_ stems flowers are a little like those of the Red Clover; each blossom has many There are leaves as well as flowers on the stem. On the flower stems grow very small narrow leaves; id = 30181 author = Cooke, M. C. (Mordecai Cubitt) title = Fungi: Their Nature and Uses date = keywords = Agaricus; America; Ann; Bary; Berkeley; Boletus; Cooke; Dr.; Europe; FIG; Fungi; Mr.; Mucor; Penicillium; Peronospora; Peziza; Polyporus; Prof.; Puccinia; Sci; Sphæria; States; Tulasne; United; illustration; specie; spore; Æcidium summary = The parasitism of numerous minute species on living and growing plants parasitic on growing plants, but the spores are usually black or sub-globose bodies, forming a kind of compound spore. often formed into cells through partitions in order to produce spores, _spore_ is limited in fungi to such germ-cells as are not produced in true perithecium, but the spores are produced in like manner upon a kind higher fungi; but there will remain a very large number of species though very common in Europe, is not eaten, yet it is included by Dr. Curtis with the esculent species of the United States. into account the large number of species of fungi, probably scarcely species produce minute zoospores from the so-called spores. 107, 108) of the cells and spores of both species are the lowest form which ascomycetous fungi assume, and the species are these forms of _Sclerotium_ will develop the peculiar species of id = 17198 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 01 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Lin; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = seeds; the best flowering roots are imported from Holland, they bear This species differs from the other plants of the genus, in the colour propagating it, is by parting the roots; but in that way the plant does with white flowers; if the season be mild, or the plants sheltered from should not be planted scattering in the borders of the flower-garden, into some shady borders in the flower-garden, where they will appear Nursery-Gardens in the neighboured of London within these few years: Mr. Salisbury informs me, that a variety of this plant with white flowers, in the borders of the Flower Garden, the seeds should be sown in patches they should be planted into the borders of the Flower-Garden, where they This plant may be propagated without seeds, as it grows fast enough from Some of these may be transplanted into the borders of the flower-garden id = 17531 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 02 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = will lie a long time in the ground; so that if the plants do not appear which readily strike root: MILLER says, that the plants raised The figure here exhibited was taken from a plant which flowered in my different aspects, this, as well as other plants, may have its flowering flowers in plenty, and the roots will make great increase." _Miller''s plant, flowers in May and June, and may be propagated by parting its work, this species expands its flowers in the day-time, and that only As it is desirable to have this plant in flower for as great a length of It is one of those few plants whose calyx is of a more beautiful colour flowering stems; hence, by having several pots of it, some plants will different plant, a native of Canada, producing small yellow flowers. It has been usual to treat this species as a green-house plant, or at id = 17672 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 03 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Lin; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = MONSONIA _speciosa_ foliis quinatis: foliolis bipinnatis, _Lin. Syst. We received this elegant plant just as it was coming into flower, from caule decumbente foliis longiore, _Lin. Syst. This species of _Lotus_ has been called black-flower''d, not that the cuttings during the summer season, and also by seeds, but the plants of the most common flowering shrubs cultivated in gardens and "Flowers most part of the summer, but seldom ripens seeds in England; pots and treated like the old plants." MILLER''s _Gard. SISYRINCHIUM _iridioides_ foliis ensiformibus; petalis inhabitant of the flower-garden, in which it continues to blossom, name, it flowers during most of the summer, and is readily propagated by In the spring of the year 1781, I received roots of this plant from Mr. ROBERT SQUIBB, then at New-York, which produced flowers the indeed to appear in the flower-garden. flower-garden in patches; when the plants come up, a few only should be id = 17979 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 04 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Linn; Mr.; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = The radical leaves of plants usually differ in shape from those of the and hence a suitable plant for the borders of the flower garden, or the known and cultivated; its flowers, in proportion to the plant, are large where it lately flowered--of some other plants introduced after that drew his figure, and the plant from which our drawing was made flowered Roots of a variety of this plant with scarlet double flowers are The flowers of this plant, a native of Gibraltar, bear some resemblance and successfully, as a stove plant; its flowers, which usually make Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered extremely well in the plant; it is found, however, to flower and ripen its seeds better under succeeded, in the Chelsea garden, where the plants have flowered and Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered this spring, in id = 19123 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 05 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Linn; Mr.; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = The _Monarda fistulosa_, a hardy herbaceous plant, growing spontaneously the plant here figured is an uncommonly beautiful variety, its blossoms plants of it, which flower every year in the months of June and July, plant, a native of Spain, and flowers in the open ground at the same hence they not only cultivate this plant universally in their gardens, North-America, that the seeds were sent many years since by Mr. BANISTER, from Virginia; and some of the plants were raised in this plant in abundance with us it flowers in the beginning of April: The figure here given was drawn from a plant which flowered with Messrs. LINNÆUS describes, and some authors figure this plant with of this plant is yellow, and tuberous like that of the Iris, the leaves this country with the native plants of North-America, is said to have rendering the variety here figured, one of the most beautiful plants in id = 21843 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 06 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Ait; Character; Class; Generic; Mr.; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = It is readily raised from seeds sown in the open ground, plants from appearances of plants, cannot fail of ranking the present species of The _Salvia aurea_ is a native of the Cape, and was cultivated by Mr. MILLER in 1731, it is a hardy greenhouse plant, is readily propagated by It is a greenhouse plant, and flowers during most of the summer; its considerable time in flower; according to LINNÆUS''S generic character, It flowers usually in the beginning of April; the whole plant sends Professor JACQUIN, in describing the flowers of this plant, calls them Its leaves are flat as in many of the other species, and when the plant English plants as have double flowers, and which, on that account, are flower-gardens; the present plant is one of those: if the soil in which we plant it be moist, it will grow most readily, and flower during the id = 23579 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 07 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Ait; Character; Class; Generic; Linn; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = Mr. MILLER, who cultivated this plant in 1731, informs us, that it grows In point of colour the flowers of this plant are not subject to much frequently acquiring a very great size; the plant itself usually grows Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered in the spring with cultivated plant rarely exceeding six inches in height; its flowers are it spoken of by those who have cultivated the plant; its flowers, which flowers of a similar colour, but paler; PARKINSON says this plant is plant in our gardens, the flowers are well adapted for nosegays, have a much as any of the exotic plants we have in England, because the flowers plants we have seen flower here, than that of LINNÆUS does, there being The blossoms of this plant when it grows in perfection, are very large, It flowers in July, is as yet a rare plant in this country, and likely id = 38382 author = Curtis, William title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 09 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Linn; Mr.; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = The Amaryllis lutea is a hardy perennial bulbous plant, a native of present plant, the Saffron Crocus, and the Colchicum, flowering nearly on the branches, and when the plant begins to flower, one opens the _Phylica ericoides_, is a hardy greenhouse plant, flowering in May plant, moderately hardy, and has long been cultivated in our gardens, It is a shrubby plant of low growth, producing numerous fleshy leaves have treated of the plant: Clusius describes the flowers as _suavissimi greenhouse plants, grow readily, and flower freely; their blossoms are common plant in greenhouses, having been cultivated by Mr. Miller, in It is a plant of free growth, much disposed to produce flowers during On the same plant we find the leaves grow two, three, or four together, this is not necessary for its flowering, as young and small plants are rolled back a little in the young leaves, flowers grow in a long id = 5765 author = Darwin, Charles title = Insectivorous Plants date = keywords = Cent; Dionaea; Dr.; Drosera; Drosophyllum; Pinguicula; Prof.; Utricularia; cell; gland; hrs; inflection; leaf; leave; place; solution; tentacle; water summary = For when a leaf is placed in hot water or in certain acids, the glands water--Inflection of the exterior tentacles when their glands are water--Inflection of the exterior tentacles when their glands are matter, when placed on glands, often cause the tentacles to begin margins of very pale leaves immersed in a solution, that the glands as water does not cause any inflection: I suddenly placed four leaves, placed on the discs of two leaves; these caused very little inflection water, caused the leaves on which they were placed to be inflected very leaves cause the tentacles to be inflected and the glands to pour forth tentacles round the discs were a little inflected, with the glands on both leaves had all their tentacles closely inflected and the glands meat were then placed on the glands of many tentacles on both leaves. placed on the glands of seven tentacles on the [page 221] same leaf. id = 5605 author = Darwin, Francis, Sir title = The Power of Movement in Plants date = keywords = A.M.; Cassia; Fam; June; Mimosa; Oxalis; P.M.; Phalaris; Sachs; circumnutation; cotyledon; fig; leave; light; movement; plant; radicle summary = lateral leaflets, movements of, not developed on young plants, state of radicles, hypocotyls, and cotyledons of seedling plants; and, when the epicotyl, traced on a horizontal glass, from 9.20 A.M. to 8.15 P.M. Movement of bead of filament magnified 27 times. a stick, the greater part of the movement shown in the annexed figure (Fig. 33), must have been that of the hypocotyl, though the cotyledons certainly four cases the radicle of the oak circumnutated whilst growing downwards. as on the previous day we had traced the movements of cotyledons placed in glass-plates by the tips of the circumnutating radicles of seedling plants. young leaf, nearly one inch in length, on the summit of a seedling plant circumnutating movement of one of these leaflets was traced from 6.40 A.M. to 10.40 P.M., the plant being illuminated from above. from the light; and the movement of a cotyledon was traced on a horizontal id = 41702 author = Deam, Charles Clemon title = Trees of Indiana First Revised Edition (Publication No. 13, Department of Conservation, State of Indiana) date = keywords = Counties; County; Deam; Indiana; Lake; Linnæus; Oak; River; Sargent; Schneck; State; Texas; Thorn; White; illustration; plate; tree summary = trees; young twigs scurvy-pubescent, soon smooth and light brown; leaves frequent tree in a black oak woods about four miles southwest of elliptic-lanceolate and short pointed in all Indiana tree species, bark usually smooth, greenish-white or gray, on older trees becoming County about one mile south of Wolf Lake is a tree planted about 50 Large trees of this species in Indiana are usually from 4-6 dm. Rather a small tree; bark thin, creamy white; chalky, dark near the base Shrubs or small trees; bark generally smooth and a reddish-brown with a usually absent on mature trees; leaves on petioles 1-2 cm. large sized trees; leaves on petioles generally 0.5-1 cm. young trees usually are the most pubescent beneath, the leaves of some forms which are small trees and have ovate, short-pointed leaves. base on old trees; twigs smooth, at least at maturity; leaves oval, id = 45930 author = Elliot, G. F. Scott (George Francis Scott) title = The Romance of Plant Life Interesting Descriptions of the Strange and Curious in the Plant World date = keywords = Africa; America; Arctic; Australia; Britain; China; Dr.; Egypt; England; Europe; France; Great; India; London; New; North; Scotch; Scotland; Sea; South; States; Underwood; United; animal; british; chapter; find; flower; illustration; insect; leaf; leave; little; plant; root; seed; tree; water summary = The water is found stored up in the stems or leaves of plants, horsetail-like plants of huge size might have formed great reed-beds worked up again by the roots of other plants in order to form roots of plants or devour dead leaves and twigs (see Chapter xxiii.). often find great fibrous masses of tree roots near the water. living on the leaves of wild plants belonging to the coffee order The young rice plants can be seen growing in the water.] on the land, like most of the flowering plants. water visible, and grasses and other plants are beginning to grow tree was _said_ to grow in a desert with not another living plant only planted trees, but also sowed apple seed sufficient to produce Then there is a small Liverwort, a little red, moss-like plant the most part of plants which live on the branches of trees. id = 19352 author = Fernie, William Thomas title = Herbal Simples Approved for Modern Uses of Cure date = keywords = Apple; Britain; Dock; Dr.; England; Evelyn; Fennel; Fern; France; Garlic; Gerard; Germany; Great; Greek; Hemlock; Henry; Herbal; Honey; Horse; Ivy; John; King; Lady; Latin; Lavender; Leek; Lily; London; Mallow; Marigold; Marsh; Moss; Mustard; Nettle; Orange; Parsley; Peppermint; Pliny; Poppy; Potato; Radish; Romans; Rose; Rosemary; Rue; Saffron; Saxon; Scotland; Sea; Shakespeare; Simples; St.; Sweet; Thistle; Thyme; Water; White; Wild; Wood; Wort; Yellow; cabbage; english; flower; french; herb; leave; oil; plant; root; time summary = the plant--stems, flowers and leaves--an [19] excellent gargle may The fresh juice yields malate of lime, whilst the plant contains plant "be taken with mead, or honied water, it is of use against a The tincture or infusion given in small doses has proved useful to may be given for a dose three times in the day in sweetened water And in modern times this plant has taken rank as a pot herb the herb with boiling water poured on the leaves, and with be taken in doses of five drops three times a day in water. The _Water Figwort_, a common English plant which grows by the plant, bearing well known little flowers, rose coloured, and tipped infusion of the whole plant with boiling water makes a simple and whole plant-root, stems, and flowers; and this infusion may be given dram of the powdered leaves taken four times a day has cured id = 18754 author = Fink, Bruce title = Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V date = keywords = County; Ohio; Peltigera; fig summary = The series runs thus: _Lecidea_ with simple hyaline spores (Fig. 3); _Biatorina_ with two-celled, hyaline spores (Fig. 4); _Bilimbia_ with _Bacidia_ with several-celled, hyaline, acicular spores (Fig. 6). b); apothecia usually minute or small, commonly rounded, the exciple Thallus light colored, usually thin and smooth, rarely disappearing; apothecia minute to middle-sized, usually adnate, but rarely sessile or pruinose, the black exciple rarely becoming covered; hypothecium brown to black-brown; hymenium commonly pale; paraphyses distinct, but usually apothecia usually minute or small, and commonly adnate, exciple weak and crust, rarely disappearing; apothecia minute or small, usually adnate, hymenium pale or tinged brown; spores hyaline, usually fusiform or Thallus of minute, olive-green to black-brown granules, these forming a hymenium pale to light brown; paraphyses usually distinct; spores brown, hypothecium usually dark brown; hymenium pale to light brown; spores semi-distinct; asci clavate; spores brown, 4-celled, becoming slightly hymenium (Fig. 6) pale below and brown above; asci long-clavate; spores id = 40554 author = Forbes, James title = Journal of a Horticultural Tour through Germany, Belgium, and part of France, in the Autumn of 1835 To which is added, a Catalogue of the different Species of Cacteæ in the Gardens at Woburn Abbey. date = keywords = Berlin; Cacteæ; Colour; D.S.S.; Edition; England; Form; Germany; Haw; Mart; Mr.; Native; Ott; Salm; Systematic; Year; english; fine; ground; plant summary = ground, in which are placed also a number of very fine orange trees; one The garden ground extends considerably to the north of the palace, where considerable, as well as a very fine collection of healthy orange trees, hardy perennial plants are cultivated, are numerous apple trees, all in There is a fine piece of ground called the English garden, that has a very fine collection of the hardy grapes on the garden walls, with this garden I observed a good collection of green-house plants and for Enghien, which is only a small town; but the fine park, and gardens there was but a small piece of ground in this garden, yet it contained a This garden consists of a fine irregular piece of ground, and is planted gardens; the road, winding along through a fine agricultural of the garden planted by trees and shrubs. I next proceeded to the Botanic Garden, which appeared to contain about id = 42696 author = Furneaux, William S. title = Field and Woodland Plants date = keywords = April; August; Britain; Common; England; Family; Grass; Heads; July; June; Marsh; Plate; September; Wild; Yellow; flower; illustration; leave; plant summary = CORNACEÃ�.--Herbs and shrubs with opposite leaves, small flowers, and DIPSACEÃ�.--Herbs with opposite leaves; and heads of small flowers, BETULACEÃ�.--Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves and small flowers. TYPHACEÃ�.--Erect marsh plants, with long, narrow leaves; and small leaves; and a flowering stem from six to twelve inches high. stipuled, lobed leaves; the axillary flowers; and the fruit composed of The plant is common in fields, and flowers during May and June. plant, with a spreading, four-angled stem, and narrow-ovate leaves that an erect, hairy plant, from one to two feet high, with yellow flowers, plant, with stem from six to eighteen inches long; and digitate leaves stem; downy, stalked leaves; and pale yellow, scentless flowers that trifoliate leaves; and small, white or yellow flowers in long racemes on branched stem from two to four feet high; and long-stalked leaves with plants, with much-divided leaves and compound umbels of white flowers, id = 32050 author = Gleason, Henry A. (Henry Allan) title = The Plants of Michigan Simple Keys for the Identification of the Native Seed Plants of the State date = keywords = Aster; Clover; Cress; Family; Grass; Michigan; Oak; Orchis; ROSACEAE=; Violet; Water; Weed; Wild; flower; high; leave; long; stem; summer summary = Flowers white, in clusters; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, Ovaries 3-6 in number; flowers in spikes or racemes; leaves linear Leaves all basal; flowers numerous in a spike-like raceme (Arrow Stem-leaves present; flowers in a loose bracted raceme (1-3 dm. Small herbs with basal leaves and erect flower-stalks bearing a head of Leaves distinctly clasping the stem; flowers greenish-white One species in Michigan; leaves ovate-cordate; flowers in summer Leaves lanceolate or ovate (flowers pink, white, or red, in summer) Climbing plants with opposite leaves (flowers in late summer) Flowers white; stem-leaves alternate Flowers white to pink or purplish; stem-leaves whorled Trees; leaves 2-3-pinnate (flowers greenish-white, spring) high; flowers yellowish-white, late summer) (Bush Clover) --40. Leaves linear or nearly so (flowers purple; summer) --7b. Leaves rounded, floating (flowers white, summer) leaves (flowers pale-blue to nearly white, late spring and summer) Leaves 5-angled or shallowy 5-lobed (flowers white, summer) id = 29086 author = Hard, Miron Elisha title = The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth date = keywords = Amanita; August; Boletus; Clitocybe; Dr.; EDIBLE; Hygrophorus; July; June; Kellerman; Lactarius; Lloyd; Marasmius; November; October; Ohio; Peck; Photo; Polyporus; Prof.; September; Tricholoma; chillicothe; figure; find; greek; illustration; stem summary = [Illustration: Figure 5.--Small portion of a stem of a morel showing Orange Amanita, edible.--Cap _smooth_, gills _yellow_, stem _yellow_, The stem is long, nearly equal, white, smooth, furnished with a large Natural size, showing scaly cap and stem, plant white.] white color, its clearly radiating stem, and small spores. pileus; margin distinctly striate; gills rounded at the stem end and not Sometimes in small and inferior plants the color of both stem and gills Gills close, rounded behind, free, white; stem slender, whitish, hollow; The stem is equal, smooth, hollow, colored like the pileus. The stem is curved, hollow, colored like the pileus, slightly bulbous at There is also a plant which has a purplish cap and a white stem, called The stem is colored like the pileus, whitish at the base, both it and The gills and stem are colored like the pileus. Stem equal, solid, colored like the pileus, the mycelium white, often id = 59555 author = Kephart, Leonard Wheeler title = Poison-ivy, Poison-oak and Poison Sumac: Identification, Precautions and Eradication date = keywords = Figure; ivy; plant; poison; sumac summary = shows the extensive range where some form of poison-ivy is likely to be _Figure 2._--Large poison-ivy vine growing on a tree for support. the usual form of the common poison-ivy in wooded areas. _Figure 3._--_A_, Common poison-ivy growing in a hedge and on a shade _Figure 5._--Common poison-ivy growing along fence row. _Figure 4._--Common poison-ivy growing on side of house with ornamental _Figure 4._--Common poison-ivy growing on side of house with ornamental _Figure 6._--Leaves of common poison-ivy, about half natural size. _Figure 7._--Common poison-ivy vine with clusters of flowers in the axis _Figure 8._--Common poison-ivy, about natural size: _A_, Flowers; _B_, fruit of common poison-ivy shown in figure 8, although the individual _Figure 11._--Eastern oakleaf poison-ivy: _A_, Leaves, showing upper deep _Figure 17._--Western poison-oak, showing common leaf types: _A_, Leaves Chemical sprays can be used at any time when poison-ivy is in full leaf, plants in a stand of poison-ivy with one application. id = 16116 author = Levison, Jacob Joshua title = Studies of Trees date = keywords = America; Eastern; FIG; North; States; United; forest; form; illustration; insect; leave; soil; tree; wood summary = Form and size: A large tree with the main branches separating from the TREES TOLD BY THEIR BARK OR TRUNK: SYCAMORE, BIRCH, BEECH, How to tell them from other trees: The _color of the bark or the form of Form and size: A large tree with massive trunk and branches and a broad tell this tree from all others except the red maple and yellow-wood. Form and size: The white oak grows into a large tree with a Value for planting: The white oak is one of the most stately trees. marked reddish-bronze color, but when the tree grows older, the bark Value for planting: It forms a beautiful spreading tree on open ground, Grows rapidly into a stately forest tree with a clear tall trunk; found boring in the wood of the branches and trunk of the tree all tree that shows age, disease, or wood-destroying insects generally has id = 21761 author = Lloyd, C. G. (Curtis Gates) title = Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camillea, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces date = keywords = Camillea; fig; illustration summary = The original species were separated into a genus by Montagne in 1855, CAMILLEA LEPRIEURII (Fig. 826).--Carbonous, black, cylindrical, 2-3 cm. CAMILLEA BACILLUM (Fig. 827).--Stroma cylindrical, black, 1 cm. species with different spores (teste Montagne). CAMILLEA MUCRONATA (Fig. 828).--Stroma cylindrical, black, 6 mm. This also is a rare species, only known from the original collection by CAMILLEA LABELLUM (Fig. 829).--Plant short, cylindrical, about a cm. I believe the plant is only known from the original collection in [Illustration: #Fig. 831.# Section with spore mass (X 6).] CAMILLEA CYCLOPS.--Plants short, cylindrical, or semi-globose, black, (Fig. 837) I made of the type from the photograph of Camillea Cyclops. CAMILLEA GLOBOSA (Fig. 847).--Plants densely caespitose, sessile, different from Fries'' species on account of the spores not being The plant was named by Berkeley from specimens XYLARIA ANNULIPES, described and figured by Montagne as Thamnomyces annulipes from Brazil, is same as since named Xylaria marasmoides (Fig. 854) by Berkeley. id = 31098 author = Macbride, Thomas H. (Thomas Huston) title = The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species date = keywords = Berk; Bull; Didymium; Figs; Fries; Iowa; List; Lister; Macbr; Mon; Mycetozoa; PLATE; Peck; Pers; Physarum; Rex; Rost; Rostafinski; Schw; Stemonitis summary = _Physarum cinereum_ (Batsch) Rost., Macbr., _N. Rostafinski calls this a badhamia but describes a physarum, and the form _Physarum diderma_ Rost., List., _Jour. _Physarum diderma_ Rost., List., _Mycetozoa_, p. _Physarum diderma_ Rost., Macbr., _N. angular, sometimes uniting to form a pseudo-columella; spore-mass black; _Physarum ditmari_ Rost., Macbr., _Bull. the characteristic spore and capillitium but in form and habit differs irregular white nodules burden the delicate net; spores dark sooty brown _Physarum nutans_ Pers., sub-species _leucophaeum_ (Fr.) Lister, columella none; capillitium yellow or white, delicate, forming a loosely form a pseudo-columella; spores pale brownish-violet, nearly smooth, 6-8 threads branching and combining to form a loose net; spore-mass black, columella-like forms, supporting a peripheral net; spores dark brown or branches forming an intricate dark brown capillitium; the net Massee''s species is described as having the "mass of spores black", the that Ehrenberg''s white-plasmodic species had small spores, that Fries id = 33013 author = Massee, George title = European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae date = keywords = Bres; Bull; Cke; Cli; Col; Copr; Cort; Gills; Hyg; Ino; Karst; Lac; Lasch; Lepi; March; Myc; Nau; Omp; Pers; Pileus; Pleu; Rus; Stem; Trich; white summary = edge striate, squamulose, whitish, cuticle broken into greyish tawny partly hollow, colour of p., ring apical, persistent, white; volva free, scaly, white, centre yellowish with age, edge striate; g. white and squamulose at apex, fibrillose and reddish at middle; flesh soon plane, dry, greyish brown, glabrous, disc plane, obtuse, wavy, even, glabrous, pale grey innately virgate, flesh-colour then pale, edge even, pruinose; crowded, becoming pale, at length striate and tuberculose at margin, flesh white; yellow-brown, &c., disc becoming ochre, flesh white; g. P. camp.-convex, wavy, glabrous, greyish white, shining, whitish, edge involute, white-fibrillose; g. tenacella_ differs in fibrillose rooting base, and snow-white gills. fibrillosely striate, pallid, apex white flocculose; sp. subflexuous, slender, fragile, slightly striate, grey, apex with white dry, white with yellow tinge, edge naked; g. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex smooth, white. white or tinged yellow, solid, glabrous; solid, glabrous, fibrillose, striate, reddish-white; sp. viscid, glabrous, edge incurved and white id = 23354 author = Masters, Maxwell T. (Maxwell Tylden) title = Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants date = keywords = -of; America; Ann; Bull; CHAPTER; Campanula; Candolle; Delphinium; Dianthus; Ditto; Europe; FIG; Flora; Gard; Linn; Moquin; Morren; Mr.; Primula; Ranunculus; Rosa; Tandon; Trifolium; Umbelliferæ; bot; case; flower; footnote; form; illustration; leave; organ; plant; stamen summary = 163--Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds, general organs of flowering plants are given in all the ordinary arrangement and form of the organs of flowering plants seem to be fairly by a small plant, forming a crown above the ordinary flower-stalk, just flower-bud, consisting of calyx, corolla, and stamens, but with no trace =Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds.=--The position leaves, like those of the stem, while the true flowers are usually The regular development of all the parts of the flower in a plant stamened flowers, but these are probably cases of irregular peloria. all cases wherein, on a plant habitually producing irregular flowers, perfect leaves; axis prolonged through the flower in the form of a leafy stamens natural to the plant, the other organs of the flower being in flower-buds springing from leaves or leaf-organs;[555] see pp. id = 28764 author = McFarland, J. Horace (John Horace) title = Getting Acquainted with the Trees date = keywords = New; North; Norway; States; White; York; american; bloom; flower; fruit; great; illustration; leave; maple; oak; spring; tree; willow summary = and I have been watching some trees bloom and bud and grow and fruit for flowers, it is well to look at a few tree-blooms, and to consider the maple of the woods, is one of the most familiar of American trees. oaks in early spring, and we do not realize that this family of trees, characteristic is surely the noble white oak, a tree most admirable in the long-leaved pine also gave a new tree sensation to the visitor from trees of the long-leaved or Southern yellow pine. liking for the rugged old trees that have followed blossom with fruit in tree of vigor and beauty of foliage but nastiness of flower odor, was Like many other common trees, the American elm blooms almost unnoticed. As a forest tree, however, our American sweet chestnut has a place of been shown the fruits of the Judas-tree, "in form like beautiful apples, Fruit trees for beauty, 82. id = 10726 author = Moore, Jane Newell title = Outlines of Lessons in Botany, Part I; from Seed to Leaf For the Use of Teachers, or Mothers Studying with Their Children date = keywords = BRANCH; Bean; Botany; Glory; Horsechestnut; Morning; footnote; illustration; leave; plant summary = to begin with a single plant, and study root, stem, leaves, and flowers study of the leaves, the stem, and the root. work, as the leaves, the stem of a plant, and the eye, the ear of animals. 3. _Differences between the Stem and the Root.--_Ask the pupils to tell The third difference is that, while the stem bears leaves, and has buds In trees, the old roots grow from year to year like stems, and The scars on the stem are of three kinds, leaf, bud-scale, and [Footnote 1: Bud-scales are modified leaves and their arrangement is How does the arrangement of the scales and leaves in the bud differ from against the stem.[1] Some of the axillary buds contain leaves and some The stem, as well as the root and leaves, may bear plant-hairs. from the roots through the stem into the cells of the leaves. id = 29534 author = Morgan, A. P. (Andrew Price) title = The Myxomycetes of the Miami Valley, Ohio date = keywords = Fig; Pers; Physarum; Sporangia; diameter; spore summary = the sporangium; the network of slender threads, with large irregular walls, and the very slender threads of the capillitium, with irregular very slender loosely-branched threads, with the surface minutely warted Capillitium of slender loosely-branched threads, 2-3 mic. membrane, minutely granulose, colored as the spores and capillitium, the Spores globose, pale yellow to clay-color in mass, 8-9 mic. Capillitium of slender tubules, simple or branched, scarcely forming an Spores in mass, lemon-yellow, globose, very minutely warted, 8-9 mic. capillitium and spores yellow; elaters long, simple, 3-4 mic. columella extremely short, capillitium of very slender pale-brown capillitium toward the apex of the sporangium, the stipe usually longer Fig. 34.--The capillitium of a very short sporangium of Stemonitis The lime on the wall of the sporangium in the form of minute from wall to columella, containing yellow granules of lime; the threads species, and the brown wall is usually without granules of lime. id = 33443 author = Muir, John title = Cruise of the Revenue-Steamer Corwin in Alaska and the N.W. Arctic Ocean in 1881: Botanical Notes Notes and Memoranda: Medical and Anthropological; Botanical; Ornithological. date = keywords = Gray; Hook; Willd; var summary = Arctic Ocean and the Alaska region, made by Mr. John Muir; notes upon The plants named in the following notes were collected at many There is no line of perpetual snow on any portion of the arctic regions flower, also an arctostaphylos and draba, on a slope facing the south, of October we saw about fifty species of flowering plants--empetrum, vaccinium, bryanthus, pyrola, arctostaphylos, ledum, cassiope, lupinus, mosses similar to that which cover the tundras of the Arctic regions, making a rich green mantle on which the showy flowering plants are seen reaches a height of nearly six feet, and forms a growth close _Papaver nudicaule_, _Draba alpina_, and _Silene Cassiope, and several species of Vaccinium and Saxifraga. frigidus, Gray, var. Carex vulgaris, Willd, var. Armeria vulgaris, Willd, var. slopes there are valleys where the showiest of the Arctic plants bloom seen in the Arctic regions. Artemisia borealis, Willd. id = 37646 author = Nuuttila, E. E. title = Forest Trees of Illinois: How to Know Them date = keywords = Illinois; Quercus; State; illustration; inch; leave; long; tree summary = beautiful tree in Illinois is in the White Pines Forest State Park near The _wood_ of old trees is rather heavy and hard, of yellow-brown or leaves are needle-shaped, about an inch long, dark green, and These strings of fruit, 5 to 8 inches long, give to the tree the name of smaller tree with leaves 2 to 6 inches long, 1/2 to 1-1/2 inches wide, Leaflets 7-13; leaves 9-13 inches long, winter buds Leaflets 7-13; leaves 9-13 inches long, winter buds THE post oak is usually a medium-sized tree, with a rounded crown, The _bark_ on young stems is smooth, gray to brown on older trees, thick _fruit_ is a narrow light brown, upright cone, 2 to 3 inches long, made forming small trees 20 to 30 feet high with trunks from 6 to 12 inches _bark_ on young trees is light gray and brown and rather smooth, but as id = 41394 author = Otis, Charles Herbert title = Michigan Trees: A Handbook of the Native and Most Important Introduced Species date = keywords = Michigan; Peninsula; WINTER; brown; flower; illustration; inch; leave; long; specie summary = i. Leaf-petioles 5-6 inches long; leaves lustrous above; twigs Leaf-petioles about 1 inch long; leaves dull above; twigs WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud 1/4 inch long, ovoid, rounded, pale brown; BARK.--Twigs yellow-green, becoming purple, finally dark red-brown and WINTER-BUDS.--About 3/4 inch long, ovoid or conical, acute, red-brown, WINTER-BUDS.--Broadly ovoid, obtuse, light brown, 1/8-1/4 inch long. WINTER-BUDS.--Ovoid, acute, light red-brown, puberulous, 1/8 inch long. WINTER-BUDS.--Ovoid, acute, red-brown, not resinous, about 3/8 inch long. c. Buds greenish; twigs glabrous; fruit 1-1/2-2 inches long. Buds red-brown; twigs long-hairy; fruit less than 1 inch WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud about 1 inch long, ovoid, obtuse, dark brown, WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud 1/2-3/4 inch long, broadly ovoid, red-brown, WINTER-BUDS.--1/4-1/2 inch long, dome-shaped, red-brown, smooth. nut oblong-ovoid with a broad base, about 1 inch long, red-brown; kernel WINTER-BUDS.--Terminal bud 1/4 inch long, ovoid, acute, light brown, HABIT.--A tree 40-50 feet high and 12-15 inches in trunk diameter; long, short-ovoid, 1/2-3/4 inch long, light red-brown; kernel whitish, bitter. id = 12286 author = Richardson, David Lester title = Flowers and Flower-Gardens With an Appendix of Practical Instructions and Useful Information Respecting the Anglo-Indian Flower-Garden date = keywords = April; Bengal; Calcutta; D.L.R.; Dr.; England; Europe; Flora; Garden; God; Hyacinth; India; London; Lord; March; Milton; Mr.; Nature; Paradise; Pope; Queen; Rose; Shakespeare; Shenstone; Sir; Soil; Thomson; William; art; british; day; english; flower; good; great; ground; leave; like; little; native; plant; poet; sweet; time; tree summary = flowers of the field and garden, however lovely, are all outshone by Our neat little gardens and white cottages give to dear old England that flowers and a regiment of gardeners," he says, "bring no more pleasure flowers in his little garden that the greatest sovereign in the world little time, skill or taste upon the flower-garden. time our British gardeners, instead of humouring nature, loved to Limner of Nature is visible in every flower of the garden even to the She liked to plant a favorite flower in large masses of beauty. It is as natural for the mind, as it is for a tree or flower to cultivation of trees and shrubs and flowers; and the garden here is at maintaining our Indian flower gardens, in life and beauty, throughout _Flower-Garden_--Divide, and plant bulbs of all kinds, both, for border, beautiful appearance in a flower garden--that is, eight, ten, or twelve id = 37717 author = Rogers, Julia Ellen title = Trees Worth Knowing date = keywords = Black; California; Coast; England; Europe; Florida; Linn; Mexico; Mountains; New; North; Oregon; South; Texas; West; White; american; eastern; european; flower; illustration; leave; red; tree; western; wood summary = The characters to note in studying trees are: leaves, flowers, fruits, Dark as is its wood and bark, no walnut tree in full leaf is sombre. White oak trees in the forest grow tall, lose their lower branches white oak tree required to make an inch of wood. Unlike other white oaks, the bark of this tree is dark in color and Under the dark brown, close-knit bark of a full-grown red oak tree is A vagabond tree it is, with thin pointed leaves and long pencil-like white blossoms, before the leaves, make the tree look like a hawthorn; short side twigs cover the tree with a robe of white after the leaves other tree has both leaves and fruits like a maple''s. Few large trees in our American woods have their leaves set opposite broad-leaved species of trees, more tenacious of life and with seeds id = 15088 author = Ruskin, John title = Proserpina, Volume 2 Studies of Wayside Flowers, While the Air was Yet Pure Among the Alps and in the Scotland and England Which My Father Knew date = keywords = Danica; English; Figuier; Flora; Latin; Proserpina; Regina; Sowerby; Veronica; Viola; Violet; flower; form; leave; like; petal; plant summary = violet, that it sometimes produces flowers without any petals! Its flowers, of sweet scent, of a dark violet or a reddish blue, are indefinable leaves,--their colour a little more violet than the blossom. violet, and its leaf, you will find that the flower grows from the very with leaves long heart-shape, and its later flowers without petals--not a the idea of an upper and lower petal is always kept in the flower''s little scarcely distinct flowers forming a close head among the leaves; like a clustered upright gentian; has the same kind of leaves at its root, other form or function than that of petals, the flower is to be looked upon For the present, I should like the reader to group the three flowers, S. divided leaves: while the flower itself, like, as aforesaid, thyme in the another, and form masses of leaves and flowers in which the observer is id = 20421 author = Ruskin, John title = Proserpina, Volume 1 Studies of Wayside Flowers, While the Air was Yet Pure Among the Alps and in the Scotland and England Which My Father Knew date = keywords = CHAPTER; English; Fig; Greek; Latin; Mr.; Oxford; Proserpina; St.; flower; form; illustration; leaf; leave; like; little; order; plant; poppy; root; seed; stem; think; tree; word summary = adopted in this book will know the useful and beautiful names of plants Plants with fleshy leaves, and spikes of bright _yellow_ flowers, star-like groups of smooth, strong, oval leaves,--intensely green, and much like the young leaves of any other plant, except in this;--they all have a 1. Plants in their perfect form consist of four principal parts,--the Root, leaf; then in the flower and its fruit; and lastly in the stem. behave himself rightly: "He shall be like a tree planted by the river side, well know, innumerable shapes and orders of leaves;--there are some like green leaves unclose their points,--the little yellow ones peep out, like stems,--that of annual flowers growing high from among their ground leaves, of the flowers whose names I think good to change; but I look carefully parts: root, stem, leaf, and flower. leaves, forming the flower itself. id = 12363 author = Salisbury, William title = The Botanist''s Companion, Volume II Or an Introduction to the Knowledge of Practical Botany, and the Uses of Plants. Either Growing Wild in Great Britain, or Cultivated for the Puroses of Agriculture, Medicine, Rural Oeconomy, or the Arts date = keywords = Alpine; Clover; Dr.; Dwarf; Edinburgh; London; MONOGYNIA; March; Mat; Med; Purple; Red; Rose; SECT; Tree; Virginian; White; Yellow; c.m; colour; common; ditto; flower; good; grass; great; kind; large; leave; long; plant; purpose; root; seed; siberian; taste; water summary = 3. Observations on Plants affording fodder from leaves and roots Observations on drying and preserving Plants for medicinal use, &c. Observations on Wild Plants useful for culinary purposes, POISONOUS PLANTS GROWING IN GREAT BRITAIN, And their best recommended its roots in spring: it is a large-growing plant; and where herbage may useful plant, and is the only grass at this time known that will fill Nonsuch; it is a very useful plant, seeding very freely in pastures and plants; the seeds forming good provender for poultry, hogs and cattle, plant yield upon expression a deep red juice, and impart the same colour The seeds may be sown, or the roots planted, poisonous plant, the young leaves and shoots are eaten boiled by the making beer, and for medicinal uses, where the plant grows wild, it plants are found growing in such places, and their seeds are of that id = 34380 author = Salt, Henry S. title = The Call of the Wildflower date = keywords = Alpine; Common; Flora; Gerarde; Mr.; Snowdon; Surrey; Sussex; Teesdale; Thoreau; Wild; british; day; flower; footnote; great; high; leave; like; mountain; plant; water summary = the flowers that grow by shore, meadow, bog, river, or mountain; on be said, is a locality where grows some rare and beautiful flower, one with the ordinary British plants that a flower-lover, thus educated late Of all the flowering plants of the Downs, the gorse is at once the search for a small flower on those far-stretching slopes is like the knowledge of Sussex plants many flower-lovers besides myself have been Alps rose to view; and lastly the planting of various mountain flowers wisp of a plant, is native there; the small-flowered crane''s-bill, which little plant with white flowers and a smooth unbranched stem so closely certain scarce and beautiful flowers, as has been pointed out in Mr. Reginald Farrer''s interesting books on Alpine plants. The haunts of the rarer flowers are not likely to be discovered in a day array of flowers, or even of a single gallant plant seen in some wild id = 39357 author = Sanborn, Charles Emerson title = Texas Honey Plants date = keywords = April; August; Coulter; June; Texas; family; honey summary = yield not important and plants few, but bees work busily on it; honey College Station: Cultivated ornamental tree on campus; honey yield Hunter: in fields and waste lands; honey yield good until noon when prairies; honey yield good; bees work busily on it. College: planted for hedges, scarce; honey yield fair for early Hunter: in woods and forests; honey yield fairly good and pollen blooms in April; yields quantities of honey and pollen where enough College: cultivated on campus; honey yield good if Hunter: cultivated widely; honey yield unimportant, some pollen; not thickets." (Coulter) Hunter: throughout the black land prairies; honey honey yield good, bees found busily on it; also pollen. Cultivated; honey yield very good; short duration; pollen; but Cultivated in flower gardens; honey yield not important; bees only College: cultivated; honey yield good; bees working busily on it Honey yield good but plants not abundant. id = 26798 author = Shaw, George Russell title = The Genus Pinus date = keywords = Hard; Leaf; PLATE; Pines; Soft; cone; fig; illustration; leave; specie summary = conditions that appear in Pinus cembra to the specialized cone and The cone of Pinus shows great differences of color, form and tissue; The cone is small, medium or large in different species, but varies This is the peculiar oblique cone of Pinus (figs. species, it is the predominating tissue of the cone-scale, giving to species, such as the dimensions of leaf or cone, the number of leaves in Fig. 87, Cone, seed and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 134, Cone-scale with adhering seed-wing. Cone-scales long-aristate, the seed-wing articulate 19. Fig. 167, Cone-scales and seed. varietal form of a few species, and in the persistent cone of the last of its cone and in its conelet (Plate XX, figs. Fig. 220, Cone and leaves of Lambert''s plate. cones and leaves of the species. more southern form with small cones and leaves in fascicles of 3 to 5. Fig. 252, Large form of cone and binate leaf-fascicle. id = 43858 author = Sims, John title = The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 13 Or, Flower-Garden Displayed date = keywords = Character; Class; Generic; Linn; Mr.; Nº.; Order; Specific; Synonyms; illustration summary = This plant flowers from June to October, and ripens its seeds in the Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered 1796, in the collection surprise, in a plant of this sort which flowered in my garden at that a plant which has produced red flowers one year, shall produce blue The bright yellow flowers, which are abundantly produced on this plant As a green-house plant, this small and delicate species has long been plants about town, and flowers in May and June. produce flowering plants. Our figure was drawn from a very fine healthy plant which flowered in plants, where they generally flower again, and produce ripe seeds young plants always flower better than the old root, so it is scarce says, the flowers make little appearance, and so the plant is only kept cultivated in Japan as an ornamental plant, that the flowers are id = 40040 author = Smith, C. E. title = Flowers, Shown to the Children date = keywords = Common; PLATE; Wild; flower; green; grow; leave summary = Each flower has five pale yellow, pointed petals, which open like a spikes still at the end of the flower-stalk, with the tiny green sepals The heads of yellow flowers grow on tall, slender, wiry stalks. tiny scale-like green leaves grow up the stalks at intervals. The flowers grow in clusters on very short stalks close to the stem circle round the main stem, close to where the flower clusters grow. green sepals which fold back close round the flower-stalk. flowers unfold, leaving the green covering still growing from the stem, The flowers grow in clusters at the end of green spokes like the ribs of Outside this mass of flowers grows a ring of small green leaves, which The flower-stalks grow from the centre of the green leaf rosette. Each flower has five yellowish-green petals, shaped like pale yellow From each side of the stem, close among the flowers, grow two leaves on id = 34740 author = Step, Edward title = Wayside and Woodland Trees: A pocket guide to the British sylva date = keywords = Ash; Beech; Birch; Bole; Chestnut; Elm; Fir; Oak; Pine; Plates; Poplar; White; Wild; Willow; Yew; illustration; leave; tree summary = species, every tree in its natural habitat produces seeds and is [Illustration: Leaves, flowers, and fruit of Beech. The White Poplar, or Abele (_Populus alba_), grows into a large tree, male trees may be as much as four inches long, each flower containing failure of that tree) it attains a height of 120 feet in sixty years, The bark of the tree Willows has long been known to be rich in an The Almond-leaved or French Willow (_Salix triandra_) is a small tree feet high), long branches and red twigs; its small wrinkled leaves, a shrub or grow into a small tree, thirty feet high, with long, straight cultivation, for even in the woods some trees are found bearing fruit see both flowers and almost full-formed fruit on the tree at the same of the tree, whether from wood, bark, leaves, or green fruit, are rich id = 62715 author = Stockberger, W. W. (Warner Webster) title = Drug Plants Under Cultivation date = keywords = June; States; United; dry; plant; pound; root; seed summary = The market demand for many cultivated plant drugs is not large enough High prices for plant drugs do not insure large profits in producing SOME DRUG PLANTS SUITABLE FOR CULTIVATION IN THE UNITED STATES. SOME DRUG PLANTS SUITABLE FOR CULTIVATION IN THE UNITED STATES. _Sowing the seed._--A relatively small number of medicinal plants can seed in rows or drills, in order that cultivation of the soil may be Leaves and herbs are usually harvested when the plants are in flower. The plants usually flower in the second year from seed, when the roots The plant may be propagated from seeds or by root division. field cultivation the seed is sown in rows 3 feet apart, but if the spring the plants or rooted cuttings are set in well-prepared soil, 12 plants grown from seed are harvested at the end of the first year, This plant grows well under cultivation in almost any soil, but a id = 34510 author = Syme, William Anderson title = Some Constituents of the Poison Ivy Plant (Rhus Toxicodendron) date = keywords = Rhus; acid; ether; lead; precipitate; solution summary = investigation of this poison, obtained from the plant a non-volatile oil non-poisonous oily substance by shaking the solution with ether. oily, black, poisonous substance partly soluble in alcohol was obtained. A precipitate obtained by adding lead acetate to a filtered solution of resin in dilute alcohol, and with a water solution of the acid precipitated by adding sulphuric acid to a solution of the resin in extracted with hot water to remove gallic acid and filtered from tar yellow color, contained an excess of lead acetate, and was acid from the poison, if precipitated by the lead acetate, must have been extracted by This ether solution had a dark green color, and was acid from alcoholic solution had a greenish yellow color and was poisonous. Filtrate No. 1 obtained by heating the poisonous tar with acetic acid the ether solution from the extraction of the lead precipitate in the id = 32982 author = Taylor, Thomas title = Student''s Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous date = keywords = Agaricus; Amanita; Bull; Cooke; Fig; Fries; Hypholoma; Lepiota; Mushroom; Peck; Pers; Plate; Taylor; edible; illustration; stem; white summary = mushroom cap, covering pleats or gills, technically called lamellæ. gilled mushrooms which have brown spores, free gills, a stem bearing a The spores of the species differ in color and are usually globular or Mushroom spores are very variable in size, shape, and color, but are poisonous species, I quote from a French author on mushrooms the Saccardo describes fifteen edible species of this group of mushrooms. The cap in this species is small, and the stem long and slender. species the cap is whitish, the gills at first violet in color, changing characterized by fleshy caps, free gills, ringed stem, and dark brown or In the white-spored section, Leucospori, the recorded edible species to margin of cap in the young species, and the rust-colored spores which the cap is a pale ochraceous yellow, with the gills and stem white or species is somewhat variable in color, but those having a white cap are id = 10118 author = Thiselton-Dyer, T. F. (Thomas Firminger) title = The Folk-lore of Plants date = keywords = CHAPTER; Christ; Christmas; Day; England; Eve; Folk; France; Germany; God; John; Lady; Legends; Lore; Lyrics; Magazine; Mr.; Mythology; Northern; Primitive; Review; Scotland; Sir; St.; Virgin; accord; continent; flower; love; old; plant; time; tree summary = adored a sacred tree called "Mirrone," one being generally planted near of a flower, as a lily or white rose; and according to a popular belief, origins, its seed was said to be deposited on certain trees by birds, Of flowers and plants employed as love-charms on certain festivals may On the other hand, the blossoming of plants at certain times is said to Or, in other words, "you must plant your trees in the fall of the leaf." In the same way the fruit of trees and plants was regarded as a fruit must climb the tree," and once more it is said that "He who plants should be planted with this favourite flower, a custom said to have been communities to certain trees and plants. planted on one side of a tree, and the other on the other, they will Similarly, in our own country, oak-trees planted at the junction of id = 11365 author = Tilton, George Henry title = The Fern Lover''s Companion A Guide for the Northeastern States and Canada date = keywords = Aspidium; Asplenium; Botrychium; Co.; England; Fern; Grape; Massachusetts; New; Shield; Woodsia; York; fig; frond; illustration summary = Sensitive Fern, Fertile and Sterile Fronds on Same Plant 4. Fruit in pod-like or necklace-like pinnæ; fertile frond pinnate; sterile Sterile pinnæ pinnate; fronds large, fertile portion green, turning brown, Ferns with much divided leaves and short, marginal sori borne at the ends [Illustration: Pinnæ of Slender Lip Fern. Small ferns with fruit-dots borne beneath the revolute margin of the The sterile fronds resemble those of the cinnamon fern, but the latter grow Plants from Harper''s Ferry; b, Sori on Young Fronds (From Waters''s "Ferns," [Illustration: New York Fern. [Illustration: New York Fern. The fragrant fern grows on high cliffs among the mountains of northern New [Illustration: Sori of Marginal Shield Fern] marginal shield fern with the result that the upper part of the frond is Like the obtuse Woodsia this fern has no joint near the base of the stipe, [Illustration: Sensitive Fern, Fertile and Sterile Fronds on one in the young fronds of a fern. id = 41175 author = Tyas, Robert title = Woodland Gleanings: Being an Account of British Forest-Trees date = keywords = Ash; Beech; Britain; Cedar; Elm; England; Europe; Fir; Flowers; Forest; Fruit; Gilpin; Larch; Oak; Scotch; Scotland; Willow; Yew; branch; foot; illustration; leave; tree; wood; year summary = time each tree expanded its buds and unfolded its leaves; imagining, and as trees and shrubs, bud, leaf, and flower, shed their leaves in every As the summer advances, forest-trees assume a beautiful variety. beautiful trees of a heavy, as well as of a light form, yet their deciduous tree just coming into leaf, a natural good effect of light and The Copse is a species of scenery composed generally of forest-trees, "the generality of trees acquire picturesque beauty by age; but it is beautiful as well as valuable tree, growing generally to a greater In favourable situations, the common Elm becomes a large timber-tree, of planted in a forest, where, mixed with oak, or ash, or other trees of He also compares a gray-headed old man to an aged Oak-tree, covered with This tree grows to the height of forty or fifty feet, spreading at the id = 7234 author = Vries, Hugo de title = Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation date = keywords = Darwin; Europe; Holland; Mendel; Oenothera; Vilmorin; case; character; european; flower; form; individual; instance; large; leave; new; number; plant; produce; seed; specie; time; type; variety; year summary = of mutation assumes that new species and varieties are produced from The question of the experimental origin of new species and varieties has single individual, or a small group of plants, or a lot of seeds. In some cases his species were real plants, and the varieties seemed to saved the seeds of a single plant of each supposed variety separately. term "variety" in opposition to "species." The larger groups of forms, garden-varieties differ from their species by a single sharp character White varieties of species with red or blue flowers are the most common leaves and red fruits; its white flowered variety may be distinguished this lecture, we have seen that varieties differ from elementary species From this seed plants of a wholly different type came the next year, of variety next to the red or blue-flowering species, or thornless forms in Many large genera of hybrid garden-flowers owe their origin to species id = 57291 author = Watling, Roy title = Keys to Fungi on Dung date = keywords = Apothecia; Asci; FIG; Spores; illustration summary = asci when material is mounted in water, so mature spores can immediately be natural spore prints formed on the absorbent material on which the dung is Three 4-spored _Saccobolus_ species from north east Pezizales) based on a new eight-spored species. 43(41) Spores with a prominent reticulum of ridges (fig. arranged spores (fig. Spores in 2 rows of 3 and 1 row of 2 (fig. (key 1,2) on the dung or buried in it (figs 16, 28, 19, 22, 27, 6(5) Each spore composed of 4 or more cells in a row (figs and more likely to be seen than mature spores (fig. with mature spores), neck 50µm long, with setae at the Asci 4-spored, 6-6.5µm diam. Asci 4-spored, 6-6.5µm diam. 171(170) Spores globose, sooty brown, 3µm diam. 1 Spores formed in multispored sporangia (figs 68, 70, 72, 75, 76) or in few-spored sporangioles (figs 70, 73). e.g. spores smooth, 4-6µm diam. id = 13357 author = Watson, William title = Cactus Culture for Amateurs Being Descriptions of the Various Cactuses Grown in This Country, With Full and Practical Instructions for Their Successful Cultivation date = keywords = Cactuses; Cereus; Echinocactus; FIG; June; Kew; Mexico; Opuntia; bot; cactus; flower; illustration summary = Stem globose; flowers in a dense cap-like head, composed spines; flowers in a head on the top of the stem, rarely produced. the long, tail-like growths and handsome rose-coloured flowers of this For the spherical-stemmed kinds of Mamillaria, Cereus, Echinocactus, plant are like those of the night-flowering Cereus; and, in addition to night-flowering kinds are common, their long, creeping stems clinging by an extremely large plant of this Cereus, producing hundreds of flowers plant with several stems, each bearing a large bright rose blossom, forming a beautiful cup-like flower of a bright yellow colour, with a The number of flowers developed on the small stem formed by this the stem of the first plant that flowered at Kew. E. flowers are only borne by such, the plant, except only for its stems, is tubercles and tufts of long, needle-like spines, which give the plant a id = 37119 author = Woodward, B. B. (Bernard Bolingbroke) title = Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils date = keywords = Algæ; Australia; Britain; China; India; Indies; London; Mediterranean; Species; british; fig; illustration; shell; water; world summary = SEA-WEEDS, SHELLS AND FOSSILS. Algæ, popularly known as sea-weeds, although many species are British species, so that the plants appear like necklaces. most common sea-weeds, growing well up from low-water mark. texture, and growing on rocks and shells attached by their lower is a genus of small parasitical plants, the two British species of They are deep sea plants, or at least grow about low water mark. care should be taken to keep apart, and in sea-water, any specimens of are found on aquatic plants, on rocks and stones, under water or on specimens, is not only because in them the shell is more likely to be If you are cleaning _bivalves_, or shells composed of two pieces, like "Date-shell," which bores into corals and even hard limestone rocks. attached to shells from low water "Common Shells of the Sea-shore." By Rev. J. 3. Sand, with land and fresh-water shells and bones of } 10 ft. id = 30734 author = nan title = Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous date = keywords = PLATE; illustration; mushroom summary = MUSHROOMS OF AMERICA, EDIBLE AND POISONOUS. No general test can be given by which a poisonous mushroom may be =_PILEUS._= The expanded disk or cap of the mushroom or toadstool. pileus to the stem when the mushroom is young, and thus encloses In gathering mushrooms for food, cut the stem off about an inch below continues firm and hard, the mushroom may be cooked and eaten by those mild-colored members of this family, having white, yellow, or greenish of clear white fungi, which appear in little balls on the open ground Additional plates, displaying other varieties of esculent mushrooms, Color of pileus variable from brown to pure white, always =TO COOK.= For about twenty mushrooms, put into a saucepan one gill of the stems and small hard mushrooms; after ten minutes'' boiling add the AGARICUS (AMANITA) VERNUS, OR POISONOUS WHITE MUSHROOM. Edible Mushrooms, if attention is not paid to the color of the tubes.] id = 38904 author = nan title = Our Flowering Shrubs, and How to Know Them date = keywords = Blüte; Fleur; Photographs; flower; illustration summary = will be found on page 11 of _Wild Flowers at Home, Fourth Series_ A hardy evergreen, shrubby plant, the Common Rue (page 11) is well known forms a large glossy-leaved bush with axillary stalks of white flowers flowers open in summer, and the leaves are bright-green, long-stalked, free-growing shrub 10 feet high, bearing stalks of yellow pea-shaped 6 feet high, and in August the dense terminal spikes of rosy-red flowers _Spiræa Japonica_ (page 23) forms a bush 3 to 6 feet high with much On page 34 is illustrated the Large-flowered Mock Orange, a shrub from opening its large, white-coloured flower-heads in late July, followed in A densely-growing bush, the Prickly Heath (page 50) flowers from May to At page 52 is illustrated the Bundle-flowered Andromeda, a shrub growing spikes of flowers, which open in May. It forms a tall-growing plant, Flowers at Home_, Fourth Series ("Nature Book" No. 16), page 58.