id sid tid token lemma pos 20467 1 1 HANDBOOK handbook RB 20467 1 2 OF of IN 20467 1 3 THE the DT 20467 1 4 TREES TREES NNP 20467 1 5 OF of IN 20467 1 6 NEW NEW NNP 20467 1 7 ENGLAND ENGLAND NNP 20467 1 8 _ _ NNP 20467 1 9 WITH with IN 20467 1 10 RANGES ranges NN 20467 1 11 THROUGHOUT throughout IN 20467 1 12 THE the DT 20467 1 13 UNITED UNITED NNP 20467 1 14 STATES STATES NNP 20467 1 15 AND and CC 20467 1 16 CANADA CANADA NNP 20467 1 17 _ _ NNP 20467 1 18 BY by IN 20467 1 19 LORIN LORIN NNP 20467 1 20 L. L. NNP 20467 1 21 DAME DAME NNP 20467 1 22 , , , 20467 1 23 S.D. S.D. NNP 20467 2 1 AND and CC 20467 2 2 HENRY HENRY NNP 20467 2 3 BROOKS BROOKS NNP 20467 2 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2 5 PLATES plate NNS 20467 2 6 FROM from IN 20467 2 7 ORIGINAL original JJ 20467 2 8 DRAWINGS drawings NN 20467 2 9 _ _ XX 20467 2 10 BY by IN 20467 2 11 ELIZABETH ELIZABETH NNP 20467 2 12 GLEASON gleason NN 20467 2 13 BIGELOW BIGELOW NNP 20467 2 14 BOSTON BOSTON NNP 20467 2 15 , , , 20467 2 16 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 20467 2 17 GINN GINN NNP 20467 2 18 & & CC 20467 2 19 COMPANY COMPANY NNP 20467 2 20 , , , 20467 2 21 PUBLISHERS PUBLISHERS NNP 20467 2 22 The the DT 20467 2 23 Athenæum Athenæum NNP 20467 2 24 Press Press NNP 20467 2 25 1904 1904 CD 20467 2 26 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT NNP 20467 2 27 , , , 20467 2 28 1901 1901 CD 20467 2 29 , , , 20467 2 30 BY by IN 20467 2 31 LORIN LORIN NNP 20467 2 32 L. L. NNP 20467 2 33 DAME DAME NNP 20467 2 34 AND and CC 20467 2 35 HENRY HENRY NNP 20467 2 36 BROOKS BROOKS NNP 20467 2 37 ALL all DT 20467 2 38 RIGHTS right NNS 20467 2 39 RESERVED reserve VBN 20467 2 40 PREFACE preface NN 20467 2 41 . . . 20467 3 1 There there EX 20467 3 2 is be VBZ 20467 3 3 no no DT 20467 3 4 lack lack NN 20467 3 5 of of IN 20467 3 6 good good JJ 20467 3 7 manuals manual NNS 20467 3 8 of of IN 20467 3 9 botany botany NN 20467 3 10 in in IN 20467 3 11 this this DT 20467 3 12 country country NN 20467 3 13 . . . 20467 4 1 There there EX 20467 4 2 still still RB 20467 4 3 seems seem VBZ 20467 4 4 place place NN 20467 4 5 for for IN 20467 4 6 an an DT 20467 4 7 adequately adequately RB 20467 4 8 illustrated illustrate VBN 20467 4 9 book book NN 20467 4 10 of of IN 20467 4 11 convenient convenient JJ 20467 4 12 size size NN 20467 4 13 for for IN 20467 4 14 field field NN 20467 4 15 use use NN 20467 4 16 . . . 20467 5 1 The the DT 20467 5 2 larger large JJR 20467 5 3 manuals manual NNS 20467 5 4 , , , 20467 5 5 moreover moreover RB 20467 5 6 , , , 20467 5 7 cover cover VBP 20467 5 8 extensive extensive JJ 20467 5 9 regions region NNS 20467 5 10 and and CC 20467 5 11 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 5 12 fail fail VB 20467 5 13 by by IN 20467 5 14 reason reason NN 20467 5 15 of of IN 20467 5 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 5 17 universality universality NN 20467 5 18 to to TO 20467 5 19 give give VB 20467 5 20 a a DT 20467 5 21 definite definite JJ 20467 5 22 idea idea NN 20467 5 23 of of IN 20467 5 24 plants plant NNS 20467 5 25 as as IN 20467 5 26 they -PRON- PRP 20467 5 27 grow grow VBP 20467 5 28 within within IN 20467 5 29 more more RBR 20467 5 30 limited limited JJ 20467 5 31 areas area NNS 20467 5 32 . . . 20467 6 1 New New NNP 20467 6 2 England England NNP 20467 6 3 marks mark VBZ 20467 6 4 a a DT 20467 6 5 meeting meeting NN 20467 6 6 place place NN 20467 6 7 of of IN 20467 6 8 the the DT 20467 6 9 Canadian canadian JJ 20467 6 10 and and CC 20467 6 11 Alleghanian alleghanian JJ 20467 6 12 floras flora NNS 20467 6 13 . . . 20467 7 1 Many many JJ 20467 7 2 southern southern JJ 20467 7 3 plants plant NNS 20467 7 4 , , , 20467 7 5 long long RB 20467 7 6 after after IN 20467 7 7 they -PRON- PRP 20467 7 8 have have VBP 20467 7 9 abandoned abandon VBN 20467 7 10 more more RBR 20467 7 11 elevated elevated JJ 20467 7 12 situations situation NNS 20467 7 13 northward northward RB 20467 7 14 , , , 20467 7 15 continue continue VBP 20467 7 16 to to TO 20467 7 17 advance advance VB 20467 7 18 up up RP 20467 7 19 the the DT 20467 7 20 valleys valley NNS 20467 7 21 of of IN 20467 7 22 the the DT 20467 7 23 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 7 24 and and CC 20467 7 25 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 7 26 rivers river NNS 20467 7 27 , , , 20467 7 28 in in IN 20467 7 29 which which WDT 20467 7 30 they -PRON- PRP 20467 7 31 ultimately ultimately RB 20467 7 32 disappear disappear VBP 20467 7 33 entirely entirely RB 20467 7 34 or or CC 20467 7 35 else else RB 20467 7 36 reappear reappear NN 20467 7 37 in in IN 20467 7 38 the the DT 20467 7 39 valley valley NN 20467 7 40 of of IN 20467 7 41 the the DT 20467 7 42 St. St. NNP 20467 7 43 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 20467 7 44 ; ; : 20467 7 45 while while IN 20467 7 46 many many JJ 20467 7 47 northern northern JJ 20467 7 48 plants plant NNS 20467 7 49 pushing push VBG 20467 7 50 southward southward NNP 20467 7 51 maintain maintain VB 20467 7 52 a a DT 20467 7 53 more more RBR 20467 7 54 or or CC 20467 7 55 less less RBR 20467 7 56 precarious precarious JJ 20467 7 57 existence existence NN 20467 7 58 upon upon IN 20467 7 59 the the DT 20467 7 60 mountain mountain NN 20467 7 61 summits summit NNS 20467 7 62 or or CC 20467 7 63 in in IN 20467 7 64 the the DT 20467 7 65 cold cold JJ 20467 7 66 swamps swamp NNS 20467 7 67 of of IN 20467 7 68 New New NNP 20467 7 69 England England NNP 20467 7 70 , , , 20467 7 71 and and CC 20467 7 72 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 7 73 follow follow VB 20467 7 74 along along IN 20467 7 75 the the DT 20467 7 76 mountain mountain NN 20467 7 77 ridges ridge VBZ 20467 7 78 to to IN 20467 7 79 the the DT 20467 7 80 middle middle JJ 20467 7 81 or or CC 20467 7 82 southern southern JJ 20467 7 83 states state NNS 20467 7 84 . . . 20467 8 1 In in IN 20467 8 2 addition addition NN 20467 8 3 to to IN 20467 8 4 these these DT 20467 8 5 two two CD 20467 8 6 floras flora NNS 20467 8 7 , , , 20467 8 8 some some DT 20467 8 9 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 8 10 and and CC 20467 8 11 western western JJ 20467 8 12 species specie NNS 20467 8 13 have have VBP 20467 8 14 invaded invade VBN 20467 8 15 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 8 16 along along IN 20467 8 17 the the DT 20467 8 18 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 8 19 valley valley NN 20467 8 20 , , , 20467 8 21 and and CC 20467 8 22 thrown throw VBN 20467 8 23 out out RP 20467 8 24 pickets picket NNS 20467 8 25 still still RB 20467 8 26 farther far RBR 20467 8 27 eastward eastward RB 20467 8 28 . . . 20467 9 1 At at IN 20467 9 2 or or CC 20467 9 3 near near IN 20467 9 4 the the DT 20467 9 5 limit limit NN 20467 9 6 of of IN 20467 9 7 a a DT 20467 9 8 species species NN 20467 9 9 , , , 20467 9 10 the the DT 20467 9 11 size size NN 20467 9 12 and and CC 20467 9 13 habit habit NN 20467 9 14 of of IN 20467 9 15 plants plant NNS 20467 9 16 undergo undergo VBP 20467 9 17 great great JJ 20467 9 18 change change NN 20467 9 19 ; ; : 20467 9 20 in in IN 20467 9 21 the the DT 20467 9 22 case case NN 20467 9 23 of of IN 20467 9 24 trees tree NNS 20467 9 25 , , , 20467 9 26 to to TO 20467 9 27 which which WDT 20467 9 28 this this DT 20467 9 29 book book NN 20467 9 30 is be VBZ 20467 9 31 restricted restrict VBN 20467 9 32 , , , 20467 9 33 often often RB 20467 9 34 very very RB 20467 9 35 noticeable noticeable JJ 20467 9 36 . . . 20467 10 1 There there EX 20467 10 2 is be VBZ 20467 10 3 no no DT 20467 10 4 fixed fixed JJ 20467 10 5 , , , 20467 10 6 absolute absolute JJ 20467 10 7 dividing dividing NN 20467 10 8 line line NN 20467 10 9 between between IN 20467 10 10 trees tree NNS 20467 10 11 and and CC 20467 10 12 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 10 13 . . . 20467 11 1 In in IN 20467 11 2 accordance accordance NN 20467 11 3 with with IN 20467 11 4 the the DT 20467 11 5 usual usual JJ 20467 11 6 definition definition NN 20467 11 7 , , , 20467 11 8 a a DT 20467 11 9 tree tree NN 20467 11 10 must must MD 20467 11 11 have have VB 20467 11 12 a a DT 20467 11 13 single single JJ 20467 11 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 11 15 , , , 20467 11 16 unbranched unbranched JJ 20467 11 17 at at IN 20467 11 18 or or CC 20467 11 19 near near IN 20467 11 20 the the DT 20467 11 21 base base NN 20467 11 22 , , , 20467 11 23 and and CC 20467 11 24 must must MD 20467 11 25 be be VB 20467 11 26 at at IN 20467 11 27 least least JJS 20467 11 28 fifteen fifteen CD 20467 11 29 feet foot NNS 20467 11 30 in in IN 20467 11 31 height height NN 20467 11 32 . . . 20467 12 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 12 2 that that WDT 20467 12 3 are be VBP 20467 12 4 native native JJ 20467 12 5 in in IN 20467 12 6 New New NNP 20467 12 7 England England NNP 20467 12 8 , , , 20467 12 9 or or CC 20467 12 10 native native JJ 20467 12 11 in in IN 20467 12 12 other other JJ 20467 12 13 sections section NNS 20467 12 14 of of IN 20467 12 15 the the DT 20467 12 16 United United NNP 20467 12 17 States States NNP 20467 12 18 and and CC 20467 12 19 thoroughly thoroughly RB 20467 12 20 established establish VBN 20467 12 21 in in IN 20467 12 22 New New NNP 20467 12 23 England England NNP 20467 12 24 , , , 20467 12 25 are be VBP 20467 12 26 described describe VBN 20467 12 27 and and CC 20467 12 28 , , , 20467 12 29 for for IN 20467 12 30 the the DT 20467 12 31 most most JJS 20467 12 32 part part NN 20467 12 33 , , , 20467 12 34 figured figure VBD 20467 12 35 . . . 20467 13 1 Foreign foreign JJ 20467 13 2 trees tree NNS 20467 13 3 , , , 20467 13 4 though though IN 20467 13 5 locally locally RB 20467 13 6 established establish VBN 20467 13 7 , , , 20467 13 8 are be VBP 20467 13 9 not not RB 20467 13 10 figured figure VBN 20467 13 11 . . . 20467 14 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 14 2 may may MD 20467 14 3 be be VB 20467 14 4 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 14 5 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 14 6 over over IN 20467 14 7 a a DT 20467 14 8 large large JJ 20467 14 9 area area NN 20467 14 10 without without IN 20467 14 11 really really RB 20467 14 12 forming form VBG 20467 14 13 a a DT 20467 14 14 constituent constituent JJ 20467 14 15 part part NN 20467 14 16 of of IN 20467 14 17 the the DT 20467 14 18 flora flora NNS 20467 14 19 . . . 20467 15 1 Even even RB 20467 15 2 the the DT 20467 15 3 apple apple NN 20467 15 4 and and CC 20467 15 5 pear pear NN 20467 15 6 , , , 20467 15 7 when when WRB 20467 15 8 originating originate VBG 20467 15 9 spontaneously spontaneously RB 20467 15 10 and and CC 20467 15 11 growing grow VBG 20467 15 12 without without IN 20467 15 13 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 15 14 , , , 20467 15 15 quickly quickly RB 20467 15 16 become become VB 20467 15 17 degenerate degenerate NN 20467 15 18 and and CC 20467 15 19 show show VBP 20467 15 20 little little JJ 20467 15 21 tendency tendency NN 20467 15 22 to to TO 20467 15 23 possess possess VB 20467 15 24 themselves -PRON- PRP 20467 15 25 of of IN 20467 15 26 the the DT 20467 15 27 soil soil NN 20467 15 28 at at IN 20467 15 29 the the DT 20467 15 30 expense expense NN 20467 15 31 of of IN 20467 15 32 the the DT 20467 15 33 native native JJ 20467 15 34 growths growth NNS 20467 15 35 . . . 20467 16 1 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 16 2 , , , 20467 16 3 for for IN 20467 16 4 example example NN 20467 16 5 , , , 20467 16 6 while while IN 20467 16 7 clearly clearly RB 20467 16 8 locally locally RB 20467 16 9 established establish VBN 20467 16 10 , , , 20467 16 11 has have VBZ 20467 16 12 with with IN 20467 16 13 some some DT 20467 16 14 hesitation hesitation NN 20467 16 15 been be VBN 20467 16 16 accorded accord VBN 20467 16 17 pictorial pictorial JJ 20467 16 18 representation representation NN 20467 16 19 . . . 20467 17 1 The the DT 20467 17 2 geographical geographical JJ 20467 17 3 distribution distribution NN 20467 17 4 is be VBZ 20467 17 5 treated treat VBN 20467 17 6 under under IN 20467 17 7 three three CD 20467 17 8 heads head NNS 20467 17 9 : : : 20467 17 10 Canada Canada NNP 20467 17 11 and and CC 20467 17 12 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 17 13 ; ; : 20467 17 14 New New NNP 20467 17 15 England England NNP 20467 17 16 ; ; : 20467 17 17 south south RB 20467 17 18 of of IN 20467 17 19 New New NNP 20467 17 20 England England NNP 20467 17 21 and and CC 20467 17 22 westward westward RB 20467 17 23 . . . 20467 18 1 With with IN 20467 18 2 regard regard NN 20467 18 3 to to IN 20467 18 4 the the DT 20467 18 5 distribution distribution NN 20467 18 6 outside outside RB 20467 18 7 of of IN 20467 18 8 New New NNP 20467 18 9 England England NNP 20467 18 10 , , , 20467 18 11 the the DT 20467 18 12 standard standard JJ 20467 18 13 authorities authority NNS 20467 18 14 have have VBP 20467 18 15 been be VBN 20467 18 16 followed follow VBN 20467 18 17 . . . 20467 19 1 An an DT 20467 19 2 effort effort NN 20467 19 3 extending extend VBG 20467 19 4 through through IN 20467 19 5 several several JJ 20467 19 6 years year NNS 20467 19 7 has have VBZ 20467 19 8 been be VBN 20467 19 9 made make VBN 20467 19 10 to to TO 20467 19 11 give give VB 20467 19 12 the the DT 20467 19 13 distribution distribution NN 20467 19 14 as as RB 20467 19 15 definitely definitely RB 20467 19 16 as as IN 20467 19 17 possible possible JJ 20467 19 18 in in IN 20467 19 19 each each DT 20467 19 20 of of IN 20467 19 21 the the DT 20467 19 22 New New NNP 20467 19 23 England England NNP 20467 19 24 states state NNS 20467 19 25 , , , 20467 19 26 and and CC 20467 19 27 while while IN 20467 19 28 previous previous JJ 20467 19 29 publications publication NNS 20467 19 30 have have VBP 20467 19 31 been be VBN 20467 19 32 freely freely RB 20467 19 33 consulted consult VBN 20467 19 34 , , , 20467 19 35 the the DT 20467 19 36 present present JJ 20467 19 37 work work NN 20467 19 38 rests rest VBZ 20467 19 39 mainly mainly RB 20467 19 40 upon upon IN 20467 19 41 the the DT 20467 19 42 observations observation NNS 20467 19 43 of of IN 20467 19 44 living living NN 20467 19 45 botanists botanist NNS 20467 19 46 . . . 20467 20 1 All all DT 20467 20 2 descriptions description NNS 20467 20 3 are be VBP 20467 20 4 based base VBN 20467 20 5 upon upon IN 20467 20 6 the the DT 20467 20 7 habit habit NN 20467 20 8 of of IN 20467 20 9 trees tree NNS 20467 20 10 as as IN 20467 20 11 they -PRON- PRP 20467 20 12 appear appear VBP 20467 20 13 in in IN 20467 20 14 New New NNP 20467 20 15 England England NNP 20467 20 16 , , , 20467 20 17 unless unless IN 20467 20 18 special special JJ 20467 20 19 mention mention NN 20467 20 20 is be VBZ 20467 20 21 made make VBN 20467 20 22 to to IN 20467 20 23 the the DT 20467 20 24 contrary contrary NN 20467 20 25 . . . 20467 21 1 The the DT 20467 21 2 descriptions description NNS 20467 21 3 are be VBP 20467 21 4 designed design VBN 20467 21 5 to to TO 20467 21 6 apply apply VB 20467 21 7 to to IN 20467 21 8 trees tree NNS 20467 21 9 as as IN 20467 21 10 they -PRON- PRP 20467 21 11 grow grow VBP 20467 21 12 in in IN 20467 21 13 open open JJ 20467 21 14 land land NN 20467 21 15 , , , 20467 21 16 with with IN 20467 21 17 full full JJ 20467 21 18 space space NN 20467 21 19 for for IN 20467 21 20 the the DT 20467 21 21 development development NN 20467 21 22 of of IN 20467 21 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 21 24 characteristics characteristic NNS 20467 21 25 under under IN 20467 21 26 favorable favorable JJ 20467 21 27 conditions condition NNS 20467 21 28 . . . 20467 22 1 In in IN 20467 22 2 forest forest NN 20467 22 3 trees tree NNS 20467 22 4 there there EX 20467 22 5 is be VBZ 20467 22 6 much much RB 20467 22 7 greater great JJR 20467 22 8 uniformity uniformity NN 20467 22 9 ; ; : 20467 22 10 the the DT 20467 22 11 trunks trunk NNS 20467 22 12 are be VBP 20467 22 13 more more RBR 20467 22 14 slender slend JJR 20467 22 15 , , , 20467 22 16 taller tall JJR 20467 22 17 , , , 20467 22 18 often often RB 20467 22 19 unbranched unbranched JJ 20467 22 20 to to IN 20467 22 21 a a DT 20467 22 22 considerable considerable JJ 20467 22 23 height height NN 20467 22 24 , , , 20467 22 25 and and CC 20467 22 26 the the DT 20467 22 27 heads head NNS 20467 22 28 are be VBP 20467 22 29 much much RB 20467 22 30 smaller small JJR 20467 22 31 . . . 20467 23 1 When when WRB 20467 23 2 the the DT 20467 23 3 trunk trunk NN 20467 23 4 tapers taper NNS 20467 23 5 uniformly uniformly RB 20467 23 6 from from IN 20467 23 7 the the DT 20467 23 8 ground ground NN 20467 23 9 upward upward RB 20467 23 10 , , , 20467 23 11 the the DT 20467 23 12 given give VBN 20467 23 13 diameter diameter NN 20467 23 14 is be VBZ 20467 23 15 taken take VBN 20467 23 16 at at IN 20467 23 17 the the DT 20467 23 18 base base NN 20467 23 19 ; ; : 20467 23 20 when when WRB 20467 23 21 the the DT 20467 23 22 trunk trunk NN 20467 23 23 is be VBZ 20467 23 24 reinforced reinforce VBN 20467 23 25 at at IN 20467 23 26 the the DT 20467 23 27 base base NN 20467 23 28 , , , 20467 23 29 the the DT 20467 23 30 measurements measurement NNS 20467 23 31 are be VBP 20467 23 32 made make VBN 20467 23 33 above above IN 20467 23 34 the the DT 20467 23 35 swell swell NN 20467 23 36 of of IN 20467 23 37 the the DT 20467 23 38 roots root NNS 20467 23 39 ; ; : 20467 23 40 when when WRB 20467 23 41 reinforced reinforce VBN 20467 23 42 at at IN 20467 23 43 the the DT 20467 23 44 ground ground NN 20467 23 45 and and CC 20467 23 46 also also RB 20467 23 47 at at IN 20467 23 48 the the DT 20467 23 49 branching branching NN 20467 23 50 point point NN 20467 23 51 , , , 20467 23 52 as as RB 20467 23 53 often often RB 20467 23 54 in in IN 20467 23 55 the the DT 20467 23 56 American american JJ 20467 23 57 elm elm NN 20467 23 58 , , , 20467 23 59 the the DT 20467 23 60 measurements measurement NNS 20467 23 61 are be VBP 20467 23 62 made make VBN 20467 23 63 at at IN 20467 23 64 the the DT 20467 23 65 smallest small JJS 20467 23 66 place place NN 20467 23 67 between between IN 20467 23 68 the the DT 20467 23 69 swell swell NN 20467 23 70 of of IN 20467 23 71 the the DT 20467 23 72 roots root NNS 20467 23 73 and and CC 20467 23 74 of of IN 20467 23 75 the the DT 20467 23 76 branches branch NNS 20467 23 77 . . . 20467 24 1 A a DT 20467 24 2 regular regular JJ 20467 24 3 order order NN 20467 24 4 has have VBZ 20467 24 5 been be VBN 20467 24 6 followed follow VBN 20467 24 7 in in IN 20467 24 8 the the DT 20467 24 9 description description NN 20467 24 10 for for IN 20467 24 11 the the DT 20467 24 12 purpose purpose NN 20467 24 13 of of IN 20467 24 14 ready ready JJ 20467 24 15 comparison comparison NN 20467 24 16 . . . 20467 25 1 No no DT 20467 25 2 explanation explanation NN 20467 25 3 of of IN 20467 25 4 the the DT 20467 25 5 headings heading NNS 20467 25 6 used use VBN 20467 25 7 seems seem VBZ 20467 25 8 necessary necessary JJ 20467 25 9 , , , 20467 25 10 except except IN 20467 25 11 to to IN 20467 25 12 state state NN 20467 25 13 that that IN 20467 25 14 the the DT 20467 25 15 _ _ NNP 20467 25 16 habitat habitat NN 20467 25 17 _ _ NNP 20467 25 18 is be VBZ 20467 25 19 used use VBN 20467 25 20 in in IN 20467 25 21 the the DT 20467 25 22 more more RBR 20467 25 23 customary customary JJ 20467 25 24 present present JJ 20467 25 25 acceptation acceptation NN 20467 25 26 to to TO 20467 25 27 indicate indicate VB 20467 25 28 the the DT 20467 25 29 place place NN 20467 25 30 where where WRB 20467 25 31 a a DT 20467 25 32 plant plant NN 20467 25 33 naturally naturally RB 20467 25 34 grows grow VBZ 20467 25 35 , , , 20467 25 36 as as IN 20467 25 37 in in IN 20467 25 38 swamps swamp NNS 20467 25 39 or or CC 20467 25 40 upon upon IN 20467 25 41 dry dry JJ 20467 25 42 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 25 43 . . . 20467 26 1 Under under IN 20467 26 2 the the DT 20467 26 3 head head NN 20467 26 4 of of IN 20467 26 5 " " `` 20467 26 6 Horticultural Horticultural NNP 20467 26 7 Value Value NNP 20467 26 8 , , , 20467 26 9 " " '' 20467 26 10 the the DT 20467 26 11 requisite requisite JJ 20467 26 12 information information NN 20467 26 13 is be VBZ 20467 26 14 given give VBN 20467 26 15 for for IN 20467 26 16 an an DT 20467 26 17 intelligent intelligent JJ 20467 26 18 choice choice NN 20467 26 19 of of IN 20467 26 20 trees tree NNS 20467 26 21 for for IN 20467 26 22 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 26 23 purposes purpose NNS 20467 26 24 . . . 20467 27 1 The the DT 20467 27 2 order order NN 20467 27 3 and and CC 20467 27 4 names name NNS 20467 27 5 of of IN 20467 27 6 families family NNS 20467 27 7 follow follow VBP 20467 27 8 , , , 20467 27 9 in in IN 20467 27 10 the the DT 20467 27 11 main main JJ 20467 27 12 , , , 20467 27 13 Engler Engler NNP 20467 27 14 and and CC 20467 27 15 Prantl Prantl NNP 20467 27 16 . . . 20467 28 1 In in IN 20467 28 2 accordance accordance NN 20467 28 3 with with IN 20467 28 4 the the DT 20467 28 5 general general JJ 20467 28 6 tendency tendency NN 20467 28 7 of of IN 20467 28 8 New New NNP 20467 28 9 England England NNP 20467 28 10 botanists botanist NNS 20467 28 11 to to TO 20467 28 12 conform conform VB 20467 28 13 to to IN 20467 28 14 the the DT 20467 28 15 best good JJS 20467 28 16 usage usage NN 20467 28 17 until until IN 20467 28 18 an an DT 20467 28 19 authoritative authoritative JJ 20467 28 20 agreement agreement NN 20467 28 21 has have VBZ 20467 28 22 been be VBN 20467 28 23 reached reach VBN 20467 28 24 with with IN 20467 28 25 regard regard NN 20467 28 26 to to IN 20467 28 27 nomenclature nomenclature JJ 20467 28 28 by by IN 20467 28 29 an an DT 20467 28 30 international international JJ 20467 28 31 congress congress NN 20467 28 32 , , , 20467 28 33 the the DT 20467 28 34 Berlin Berlin NNP 20467 28 35 rule rule NN 20467 28 36 has have VBZ 20467 28 37 been be VBN 20467 28 38 followed follow VBN 20467 28 39 for for IN 20467 28 40 genera genera NN 20467 28 41 , , , 20467 28 42 and and CC 20467 28 43 priority priority NN 20467 28 44 under under IN 20467 28 45 the the DT 20467 28 46 genus genus NN 20467 28 47 for for IN 20467 28 48 species specie NNS 20467 28 49 . . . 20467 29 1 Other other JJ 20467 29 2 names name NNS 20467 29 3 in in IN 20467 29 4 use use NN 20467 29 5 at at IN 20467 29 6 the the DT 20467 29 7 present present JJ 20467 29 8 day day NN 20467 29 9 are be VBP 20467 29 10 given give VBN 20467 29 11 as as IN 20467 29 12 synonyms synonyms NN 20467 29 13 and and CC 20467 29 14 included include VBD 20467 29 15 in in IN 20467 29 16 the the DT 20467 29 17 index index NN 20467 29 18 . . . 20467 30 1 Only only RB 20467 30 2 those those DT 20467 30 3 common common JJ 20467 30 4 names name NNS 20467 30 5 are be VBP 20467 30 6 given give VBN 20467 30 7 which which WDT 20467 30 8 are be VBP 20467 30 9 actually actually RB 20467 30 10 used use VBN 20467 30 11 in in IN 20467 30 12 some some DT 20467 30 13 part part NN 20467 30 14 of of IN 20467 30 15 New New NNP 20467 30 16 England England NNP 20467 30 17 , , , 20467 30 18 whether whether IN 20467 30 19 or or CC 20467 30 20 not not RB 20467 30 21 the the DT 20467 30 22 same same JJ 20467 30 23 name name NN 20467 30 24 is be VBZ 20467 30 25 applied apply VBN 20467 30 26 to to IN 20467 30 27 different different JJ 20467 30 28 trees tree NNS 20467 30 29 . . . 20467 31 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 31 2 seems seem VBZ 20467 31 3 best good JJS 20467 31 4 to to TO 20467 31 5 record record VB 20467 31 6 what what WP 20467 31 7 is be VBZ 20467 31 8 , , , 20467 31 9 and and CC 20467 31 10 not not RB 20467 31 11 what what WP 20467 31 12 ought ought MD 20467 31 13 to to TO 20467 31 14 be be VB 20467 31 15 . . . 20467 32 1 Common common JJ 20467 32 2 names name NNS 20467 32 3 that that WDT 20467 32 4 are be VBP 20467 32 5 the the DT 20467 32 6 creation creation NN 20467 32 7 of of IN 20467 32 8 botanists botanist NNS 20467 32 9 have have VBP 20467 32 10 been be VBN 20467 32 11 disregarded disregard VBN 20467 32 12 altogether altogether RB 20467 32 13 . . . 20467 33 1 Any any DT 20467 33 2 attempt attempt NN 20467 33 3 to to TO 20467 33 4 displace displace VB 20467 33 5 a a DT 20467 33 6 name name NN 20467 33 7 in in IN 20467 33 8 wide wide JJ 20467 33 9 use use NN 20467 33 10 , , , 20467 33 11 even even RB 20467 33 12 by by IN 20467 33 13 one one CD 20467 33 14 that that WDT 20467 33 15 is be VBZ 20467 33 16 more more RBR 20467 33 17 appropriate appropriate JJ 20467 33 18 , , , 20467 33 19 is be VBZ 20467 33 20 futile futile JJ 20467 33 21 , , , 20467 33 22 if if IN 20467 33 23 not not RB 20467 33 24 mischievous mischievous JJ 20467 33 25 . . . 20467 34 1 The the DT 20467 34 2 plates plate NNS 20467 34 3 are be VBP 20467 34 4 from from IN 20467 34 5 original original JJ 20467 34 6 drawings drawing NNS 20467 34 7 by by IN 20467 34 8 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 20467 34 9 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP 20467 34 10 Gleason Gleason NNP 20467 34 11 Bigelow Bigelow NNP 20467 34 12 , , , 20467 34 13 in in IN 20467 34 14 all all DT 20467 34 15 cases case NNS 20467 34 16 from from IN 20467 34 17 living live VBG 20467 34 18 specimens specimen NNS 20467 34 19 , , , 20467 34 20 and and CC 20467 34 21 they -PRON- PRP 20467 34 22 have have VBP 20467 34 23 been be VBN 20467 34 24 carefully carefully RB 20467 34 25 compared compare VBN 20467 34 26 with with IN 20467 34 27 the the DT 20467 34 28 plates plate NNS 20467 34 29 in in IN 20467 34 30 other other JJ 20467 34 31 works work NNS 20467 34 32 . . . 20467 35 1 So so RB 20467 35 2 far far RB 20467 35 3 as as IN 20467 35 4 practicable practicable JJ 20467 35 5 , , , 20467 35 6 the the DT 20467 35 7 drawings drawing NNS 20467 35 8 were be VBD 20467 35 9 made make VBN 20467 35 10 of of IN 20467 35 11 life life NN 20467 35 12 size size NN 20467 35 13 , , , 20467 35 14 with with IN 20467 35 15 the the DT 20467 35 16 exception exception NN 20467 35 17 of of IN 20467 35 18 the the DT 20467 35 19 dissected dissect VBN 20467 35 20 portions portion NNS 20467 35 21 of of IN 20467 35 22 small small JJ 20467 35 23 flowers flower NNS 20467 35 24 , , , 20467 35 25 which which WDT 20467 35 26 were be VBD 20467 35 27 enlarged enlarge VBN 20467 35 28 . . . 20467 36 1 In in IN 20467 36 2 this this DT 20467 36 3 way way NN 20467 36 4 , , , 20467 36 5 though though IN 20467 36 6 not not RB 20467 36 7 on on IN 20467 36 8 a a DT 20467 36 9 perfectly perfectly RB 20467 36 10 uniform uniform JJ 20467 36 11 scale scale NN 20467 36 12 , , , 20467 36 13 they -PRON- PRP 20467 36 14 are be VBP 20467 36 15 , , , 20467 36 16 when when WRB 20467 36 17 reduced reduce VBN 20467 36 18 to to IN 20467 36 19 the the DT 20467 36 20 necessary necessary JJ 20467 36 21 space space NN 20467 36 22 , , , 20467 36 23 distinct distinct JJ 20467 36 24 in in IN 20467 36 25 all all DT 20467 36 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 36 27 parts part NNS 20467 36 28 . . . 20467 37 1 So so RB 20467 37 2 far far RB 20467 37 3 as as IN 20467 37 4 consistent consistent JJ 20467 37 5 with with IN 20467 37 6 due due JJ 20467 37 7 precision precision NN 20467 37 8 , , , 20467 37 9 popular popular JJ 20467 37 10 terms term NNS 20467 37 11 have have VBP 20467 37 12 been be VBN 20467 37 13 used use VBN 20467 37 14 in in IN 20467 37 15 description description NN 20467 37 16 , , , 20467 37 17 but but CC 20467 37 18 not not RB 20467 37 19 when when WRB 20467 37 20 such such JJ 20467 37 21 usage usage NN 20467 37 22 involved involve VBD 20467 37 23 tedious tedious JJ 20467 37 24 periphrase periphrase NN 20467 37 25 . . . 20467 38 1 Especial especial JJ 20467 38 2 mention mention NN 20467 38 3 should should MD 20467 38 4 be be VB 20467 38 5 made make VBN 20467 38 6 of of IN 20467 38 7 those those DT 20467 38 8 botanists botanist NNS 20467 38 9 whose whose WP$ 20467 38 10 assistance assistance NN 20467 38 11 has have VBZ 20467 38 12 been be VBN 20467 38 13 essential essential JJ 20467 38 14 to to IN 20467 38 15 a a DT 20467 38 16 knowledge knowledge NN 20467 38 17 of of IN 20467 38 18 the the DT 20467 38 19 distribution distribution NN 20467 38 20 of of IN 20467 38 21 species specie NNS 20467 38 22 in in IN 20467 38 23 the the DT 20467 38 24 New New NNP 20467 38 25 England England NNP 20467 38 26 states state NNS 20467 38 27 : : : 20467 38 28 Maine,--Mr Maine,--Mr NNP 20467 38 29 . . . 20467 38 30 M. M. NNP 20467 38 31 L. L. NNP 20467 38 32 Fernald Fernald NNP 20467 38 33 ; ; : 20467 38 34 New New NNP 20467 38 35 Hampshire,--Mr hampshire,--mr NN 20467 38 36 . . . 20467 38 37 Wm Wm NNP 20467 38 38 . . . 20467 39 1 F. F. NNP 20467 39 2 Flint Flint NNP 20467 39 3 , , , 20467 39 4 Report Report NNP 20467 39 5 of of IN 20467 39 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 20467 39 7 Commission Commission NNP 20467 39 8 ; ; : 20467 39 9 Vermont,--President Vermont,--President NNP 20467 39 10 Ezra Ezra NNP 20467 39 11 Brainerd Brainerd NNP 20467 39 12 ; ; : 20467 39 13 Massachusetts,--trees massachusetts,--trees ADD 20467 39 14 about about IN 20467 39 15 Northampton Northampton NNP 20467 39 16 , , , 20467 39 17 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 20467 39 18 Emily Emily NNP 20467 39 19 Hitchcock Hitchcock NNP 20467 39 20 Terry Terry NNP 20467 39 21 ; ; : 20467 39 22 throughout throughout IN 20467 39 23 the the DT 20467 39 24 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 39 25 river river NN 20467 39 26 valley valley NNP 20467 39 27 , , , 20467 39 28 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 39 29 E. E. NNP 20467 39 30 L. L. NNP 20467 39 31 Morris Morris NNP 20467 39 32 ; ; : 20467 39 33 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 39 34 Island,--Professor Island,--Professor NNP 20467 39 35 W. W. NNP 20467 39 36 W. W. NNP 20467 39 37 Bailey Bailey NNP 20467 39 38 , , , 20467 39 39 Professor Professor NNP 20467 39 40 J. J. NNP 20467 39 41 F. F. NNP 20467 39 42 Collins Collins NNP 20467 39 43 ; ; : 20467 39 44 Connecticut,--Mr Connecticut,--Mr NNP 20467 39 45 . . . 20467 39 46 C. C. NNP 20467 39 47 H. H. NNP 20467 39 48 Bissell Bissell NNP 20467 39 49 , , , 20467 39 50 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 39 51 C. C. NNP 20467 39 52 K. K. NNP 20467 39 53 Averill Averill NNP 20467 39 54 , , , 20467 39 55 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 39 56 J. J. NNP 20467 39 57 N. N. NNP 20467 39 58 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 39 59 . . . 20467 40 1 Dr. Dr. NNP 20467 40 2 B. B. NNP 20467 40 3 L. L. NNP 20467 40 4 Robinson Robinson NNP 20467 40 5 has have VBZ 20467 40 6 given give VBN 20467 40 7 advice advice NN 20467 40 8 in in IN 20467 40 9 general general JJ 20467 40 10 treatment treatment NN 20467 40 11 and and CC 20467 40 12 in in IN 20467 40 13 matters matter NNS 20467 40 14 of of IN 20467 40 15 nomenclature nomenclature JJ 20467 40 16 ; ; : 20467 40 17 Dr. Dr. NNP 20467 40 18 C. C. NNP 20467 40 19 W. W. NNP 20467 40 20 Swan Swan NNP 20467 40 21 and and CC 20467 40 22 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 40 23 Charles Charles NNP 20467 40 24 H. H. NNP 20467 40 25 Morss Morss NNP 20467 40 26 have have VBP 20467 40 27 made make VBN 20467 40 28 a a DT 20467 40 29 critical critical JJ 20467 40 30 examination examination NN 20467 40 31 of of IN 20467 40 32 the the DT 20467 40 33 manuscript manuscript NN 20467 40 34 ; ; : 20467 40 35 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 40 36 Warren Warren NNP 20467 40 37 H. H. NNP 20467 40 38 Manning Manning NNP 20467 40 39 has have VBZ 20467 40 40 contributed contribute VBN 20467 40 41 the the DT 20467 40 42 " " `` 20467 40 43 Horticultural Horticultural NNP 20467 40 44 Values value NNS 20467 40 45 " " '' 20467 40 46 throughout throughout IN 20467 40 47 the the DT 20467 40 48 work work NN 20467 40 49 ; ; : 20467 40 50 and and CC 20467 40 51 Miss Miss NNP 20467 40 52 M. M. NNP 20467 40 53 S. S. NNP 20467 40 54 E. E. NNP 20467 40 55 James James NNP 20467 40 56 has have VBZ 20467 40 57 prepared prepare VBN 20467 40 58 the the DT 20467 40 59 index index NN 20467 40 60 . . . 20467 41 1 To to IN 20467 41 2 these these DT 20467 41 3 and and CC 20467 41 4 to to IN 20467 41 5 all all DT 20467 41 6 others other NNS 20467 41 7 who who WP 20467 41 8 have have VBP 20467 41 9 given give VBN 20467 41 10 assistance assistance NN 20467 41 11 in in IN 20467 41 12 the the DT 20467 41 13 preparation preparation NN 20467 41 14 of of IN 20467 41 15 this this DT 20467 41 16 work work NN 20467 41 17 , , , 20467 41 18 the the DT 20467 41 19 grateful grateful JJ 20467 41 20 thanks thank NNS 20467 41 21 of of IN 20467 41 22 the the DT 20467 41 23 authors author NNS 20467 41 24 are be VBP 20467 41 25 due due JJ 20467 41 26 . . . 20467 42 1 CONTENTS content NNS 20467 42 2 . . . 20467 43 1 PAGES pages NN 20467 43 2 KEY key NN 20467 43 3 TO to IN 20467 43 4 THE the DT 20467 43 5 TREES TREES NNP 20467 43 6 OF of IN 20467 43 7 NEW NEW NNP 20467 43 8 ENGLAND ENGLAND NNP 20467 43 9 ix ix IN 20467 43 10 LIST LIST NNP 20467 43 11 OF of IN 20467 43 12 PLATES plate NNS 20467 43 13 xi xi NNP 20467 43 14 AUTHORITIES authority NNS 20467 43 15 xiii xiii NNP 20467 43 16 ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS NNP 20467 43 17 xvii xvii NN 20467 43 18 TEXT text NN 20467 43 19 AND and CC 20467 43 20 PLATES PLATES NNP 20467 43 21 1 1 CD 20467 43 22 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 20467 43 23 171 171 CD 20467 43 24 GLOSSARY GLOSSARY NNP 20467 43 25 173 173 CD 20467 43 26 INDEX index NN 20467 43 27 179 179 CD 20467 43 28 KEY key NN 20467 43 29 TO to IN 20467 43 30 THE the DT 20467 43 31 TREES TREES NNP 20467 43 32 OF of IN 20467 43 33 NEW NEW NNP 20467 43 34 ENGLAND ENGLAND NNP 20467 43 35 . . . 20467 44 1 I. I. NNP 20467 45 1 LEAVES LEAVES NNP 20467 45 2 SIMPLE SIMPLE NNP 20467 45 3 . . . 20467 46 1 = = NFP 20467 46 2 Leaves leave NNS 20467 46 3 alternate= alternate= VBP 20467 46 4 A a DT 20467 46 5 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 6 entire entire JJ 20467 46 7 A a DT 20467 46 8 C c NN 20467 46 9 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 10 slightly slightly RB 20467 46 11 indented indent VBD 20467 46 12 A a DT 20467 46 13 D D NNP 20467 46 14 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 15 lobed lob VBD 20467 46 16 A a DT 20467 46 17 E e NN 20467 46 18 Lobes lob VBZ 20467 46 19 entire entire JJ 20467 46 20 A a DT 20467 46 21 E E NNP 20467 46 22 F f NN 20467 46 23 Lobes lobe NNS 20467 46 24 slightly slightly RB 20467 46 25 indented indent VBD 20467 46 26 A a DT 20467 46 27 E e NN 20467 46 28 G g NN 20467 46 29 Lobes lobe NNS 20467 46 30 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 46 31 toothed toothe VBD 20467 46 32 A a NN 20467 46 33 E e NN 20467 46 34 H h NN 20467 46 35 = = SYM 20467 46 36 Leaves leave NNS 20467 46 37 opposite= opposite= NN 20467 46 38 B b NN 20467 46 39 A a NN 20467 46 40 C c NN 20467 46 41 Ovate ovate NN 20467 46 42 to to IN 20467 46 43 oval oval NN 20467 46 44 , , , 20467 46 45 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 46 46 toothed toothed JJ 20467 46 47 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 20467 46 48 A A NNP 20467 46 49 C c NN 20467 46 50 Ovate ovate NN 20467 46 51 to to TO 20467 46 52 oval oval VB 20467 46 53 Persimmon Persimmon NNP 20467 46 54 A A NNP 20467 46 55 C C NNP 20467 46 56 Also also RB 20467 46 57 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 46 58 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 46 59 A A NNP 20467 46 60 C c NN 20467 46 61 Sometimes sometimes RB 20467 46 62 opposite opposite JJ 20467 46 63 , , , 20467 46 64 clustered cluster VBN 20467 46 65 at at IN 20467 46 66 the the DT 20467 46 67 ends end NNS 20467 46 68 of of IN 20467 46 69 the the DT 20467 46 70 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 46 71 Dogwoods dogwood NNS 20467 46 72 A a DT 20467 46 73 D d NN 20467 46 74 Tremulous tremulous JJ 20467 46 75 habit habit NN 20467 46 76 , , , 20467 46 77 oval oval NN 20467 46 78 Poplars poplar NNS 20467 46 79 A A NNP 20467 46 80 D D NNP 20467 46 81 Lanceolate Lanceolate NNP 20467 46 82 , , , 20467 46 83 finely finely RB 20467 46 84 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 85 , , , 20467 46 86 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 46 87 entire entire JJ 20467 46 88 Willows Willows NNP 20467 46 89 A a DT 20467 46 90 D D NNP 20467 46 91 Ovate Ovate NNP 20467 46 92 - - HYPH 20467 46 93 oval oval NN 20467 46 94 , , , 20467 46 95 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 96 , , , 20467 46 97 doubly doubly RB 20467 46 98 serrate serrate VB 20467 46 99 { { -LRB- 20467 46 100 Birches Birches NNP 20467 46 101 { { -LRB- 20467 46 102 Hornbeams Hornbeams NNP 20467 46 103 A A NNP 20467 46 104 D d NN 20467 46 105 Oval Oval NNP 20467 46 106 , , , 20467 46 107 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 108 , , , 20467 46 109 oblong oblong JJ 20467 46 110 - - HYPH 20467 46 111 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 46 112 , , , 20467 46 113 veins vein NNS 20467 46 114 { { -LRB- 20467 46 115 Beeches Beeches NNP 20467 46 116 terminating terminate VBG 20467 46 117 in in IN 20467 46 118 teeth tooth NNS 20467 46 119 { { -LRB- 20467 46 120 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 46 121 A A NNP 20467 46 122 D D NNP 20467 46 123 Ovate Ovate NNP 20467 46 124 - - HYPH 20467 46 125 oblong oblong NNP 20467 46 126 , , , 20467 46 127 doubly doubly RB 20467 46 128 serrate serrate VB 20467 46 129 , , , 20467 46 130 surface surface NN 20467 46 131 rough rough JJ 20467 46 132 Elms elm NNS 20467 46 133 A a NN 20467 46 134 D d NN 20467 46 135 Ovate ovate NN 20467 46 136 to to TO 20467 46 137 ovate ovate JJ 20467 46 138 - - HYPH 20467 46 139 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 46 140 , , , 20467 46 141 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 142 , , , 20467 46 143 surface surface VBP 20467 46 144 slightly slightly RB 20467 46 145 rough rough JJ 20467 46 146 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 20467 46 147 A a NN 20467 46 148 D d NN 20467 46 149 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 150 variable variable NN 20467 46 151 , , , 20467 46 152 ovate ovate NN 20467 46 153 - - HYPH 20467 46 154 oval oval NN 20467 46 155 , , , 20467 46 156 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 46 157 lobed lobed NNP 20467 46 158 ( ( -LRB- 20467 46 159 3 3 CD 20467 46 160 - - SYM 20467 46 161 7 7 CD 20467 46 162 ) ) -RRB- 20467 46 163 , , , 20467 46 164 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 165 - - HYPH 20467 46 166 dentate dentate NN 20467 46 167 Mulberry Mulberry NNP 20467 46 168 A A NNP 20467 46 169 D D NNP 20467 46 170 Ovate Ovate NNP 20467 46 171 , , , 20467 46 172 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 173 , , , 20467 46 174 oblong oblong JJ 20467 46 175 { { -LRB- 20467 46 176 Shadbush Shadbush NNP 20467 46 177 { { -LRB- 20467 46 178 Plums Plums NNP 20467 46 179 { { -LRB- 20467 46 180 Cherries cherrie VBZ 20467 46 181 A a NN 20467 46 182 D d NN 20467 46 183 Oval oval NN 20467 46 184 or or CC 20467 46 185 oval oval NN 20467 46 186 - - HYPH 20467 46 187 oblong oblong NN 20467 46 188 , , , 20467 46 189 spines spine NNS 20467 46 190 , , , 20467 46 191 evergreen evergreen VBZ 20467 46 192 Holly Holly NNP 20467 46 193 A A NNP 20467 46 194 D D NNP 20467 46 195 Broad broad JJ 20467 46 196 - - HYPH 20467 46 197 ovate ovate NN 20467 46 198 , , , 20467 46 199 one one CD 20467 46 200 - - HYPH 20467 46 201 sided sided JJ 20467 46 202 , , , 20467 46 203 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 204 Linden Linden NNP 20467 46 205 A A NNP 20467 46 206 D D NNP 20467 46 207 Obovate Obovate NNP 20467 46 208 , , , 20467 46 209 oval oval NN 20467 46 210 , , , 20467 46 211 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 46 212 , , , 20467 46 213 oblong oblong JJ 20467 46 214 Chestnut chestnut NN 20467 46 215 oaks oak VBZ 20467 46 216 A a DT 20467 46 217 D D NNP 20467 46 218 Broad broad JJ 20467 46 219 - - HYPH 20467 46 220 ovate ovate NN 20467 46 221 to to IN 20467 46 222 broad broad JJ 20467 46 223 - - HYPH 20467 46 224 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 46 225 , , , 20467 46 226 thorny thorny JJ 20467 46 227 Thorns Thorns NNPS 20467 46 228 A A NNP 20467 46 229 E E NNP 20467 46 230 F F NNP 20467 46 231 Lobes Lobes NNPS 20467 46 232 rounded round VBD 20467 46 233 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 46 234 A A NNP 20467 46 235 E e NN 20467 46 236 F F NNP 20467 46 237 Base Base NNP 20467 46 238 truncate truncate NN 20467 46 239 or or CC 20467 46 240 heart heart NN 20467 46 241 - - HYPH 20467 46 242 shaped shape VBN 20467 46 243 Tulip Tulip NNP 20467 46 244 tree tree NN 20467 46 245 A a DT 20467 46 246 E e NN 20467 46 247 F F NNP 20467 46 248 Obtuse Obtuse NNP 20467 46 249 , , , 20467 46 250 rounded round VBD 20467 46 251 lobes lob VBZ 20467 46 252 White White NNP 20467 46 253 oaks oak NNS 20467 46 254 A a DT 20467 46 255 E e NN 20467 46 256 F f NN 20467 46 257 3 3 CD 20467 46 258 - - SYM 20467 46 259 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 46 260 , , , 20467 46 261 white white NN 20467 46 262 - - HYPH 20467 46 263 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 46 264 to to IN 20467 46 265 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 46 266 beneath beneath IN 20467 46 267 White white JJ 20467 46 268 poplar poplar JJ 20467 46 269 A a NN 20467 46 270 E e NN 20467 46 271 G g NN 20467 46 272 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 46 273 , , , 20467 46 274 finely finely RB 20467 46 275 serrate serrate VB 20467 46 276 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 46 277 gum gum NN 20467 46 278 A a NN 20467 46 279 E e NN 20467 46 280 G g NN 20467 46 281 Irregularly irregularly RB 20467 46 282 3 3 CD 20467 46 283 - - SYM 20467 46 284 7-lobed 7-lobed CD 20467 46 285 , , , 20467 46 286 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 287 - - HYPH 20467 46 288 dentate dentate NN 20467 46 289 with with IN 20467 46 290 equal equal JJ 20467 46 291 teeth tooth NNS 20467 46 292 Mulberry Mulberry NNP 20467 46 293 A a NN 20467 46 294 E e NN 20467 46 295 H h NN 20467 46 296 Pointed point VBN 20467 46 297 or or CC 20467 46 298 bristle bristle NN 20467 46 299 - - HYPH 20467 46 300 tipped tip VBN 20467 46 301 lobes lob VBZ 20467 46 302 Black black JJ 20467 46 303 oaks oak NNS 20467 46 304 A a DT 20467 46 305 E e NN 20467 46 306 H h NN 20467 46 307 Coarse coarse NN 20467 46 308 - - HYPH 20467 46 309 toothed toothed JJ 20467 46 310 or or CC 20467 46 311 pinnate pinnate NN 20467 46 312 - - HYPH 20467 46 313 lobed lobed JJ 20467 46 314 , , , 20467 46 315 short short JJ 20467 46 316 lobes lobe NNS 20467 46 317 ending end VBG 20467 46 318 in in IN 20467 46 319 sharp sharp JJ 20467 46 320 point point NN 20467 46 321 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 20467 46 322 B B NNP 20467 46 323 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 324 entire entire JJ 20467 46 325 , , , 20467 46 326 ovate ovate NN 20467 46 327 , , , 20467 46 328 veins vein NNS 20467 46 329 prominent prominent JJ 20467 46 330 Flowering flower VBG 20467 46 331 dogwood dogwood NN 20467 46 332 B B NNP 20467 46 333 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 334 serrate serrate NN 20467 46 335 , , , 20467 46 336 apex apex NNP 20467 46 337 often often RB 20467 46 338 tapering taper VBG 20467 46 339 Sheep sheep NN 20467 46 340 berry berry NN 20467 46 341 B B NNP 20467 46 342 Outline Outline NNP 20467 46 343 lobed lobed NN 20467 46 344 Maples Maples NNP 20467 46 345 II II NNP 20467 46 346 . . . 20467 47 1 LEAVES LEAVES NNP 20467 47 2 COMPOUND COMPOUND NNP 20467 47 3 . . . 20467 48 1 = = NFP 20467 48 2 Leaves leave NNS 20467 48 3 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 48 4 compound= compound= VBP 20467 48 5 I -PRON- PRP 20467 48 6 Leaflets Leaflets NNPS 20467 48 7 alternate alternate VBP 20467 48 8 I -PRON- PRP 20467 48 9 A a DT 20467 48 10 Outlines Outlines NNP 20467 48 11 of of IN 20467 48 12 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 48 13 entire entire JJ 20467 48 14 I I NNP 20467 48 15 A a NN 20467 48 16 C c NN 20467 48 17 Leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 48 18 opposite opposite JJ 20467 48 19 I -PRON- PRP 20467 48 20 B b NN 20467 48 21 = = SYM 20467 48 22 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 48 23 bi bi NN 20467 48 24 - - : 20467 48 25 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 48 26 compound= compound= JJ 20467 48 27 J J NNP 20467 48 28 I I NNP 20467 48 29 A A NNP 20467 48 30 Outlines Outlines NNP 20467 48 31 of of IN 20467 48 32 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 48 33 with with IN 20467 48 34 two two CD 20467 48 35 or or CC 20467 48 36 three three CD 20467 48 37 teeth tooth NNS 20467 48 38 at at IN 20467 48 39 base base NN 20467 48 40 . . . 20467 49 1 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 49 2 IA IA NNP 20467 49 3 Outlines Outlines NNP 20467 49 4 of of IN 20467 49 5 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 49 6 serrate serrate NN 20467 49 7 { { -LRB- 20467 49 8 Sumacs Sumacs NNP 20467 49 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 49 10 except except IN 20467 49 11 Poison poison NN 20467 49 12 sumac sumac NN 20467 49 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 49 14 { { -LRB- 20467 49 15 Mountain mountain NN 20467 49 16 ashes ashe NNS 20467 49 17 { { -LRB- 20467 49 18 Walnuts Walnuts NNP 20467 49 19 { { -LRB- 20467 49 20 Hickories Hickories NNP 20467 49 21 I I NNP 20467 49 22 A a NN 20467 49 23 C c NN 20467 49 24 Leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 49 25 oval oval NN 20467 49 26 , , , 20467 49 27 apex apex NN 20467 49 28 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 49 29 Locusts Locusts NNPS 20467 49 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 49 31 except except IN 20467 49 32 Honey Honey NNP 20467 49 33 locust locust NN 20467 49 34 ) ) -RRB- 20467 49 35 I i NN 20467 49 36 A a DT 20467 49 37 C c NN 20467 49 38 Leaflets Leaflets NNPS 20467 49 39 oblong oblong NN 20467 49 40 , , , 20467 49 41 apex apex NNP 20467 49 42 acute acute NNP 20467 49 43 Poison Poison NNP 20467 49 44 sumac sumac NN 20467 49 45 I -PRON- PRP 20467 49 46 B B NNP 20467 49 47 Outlines Outlines NNP 20467 49 48 of of IN 20467 49 49 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 49 50 entire entire JJ 20467 49 51 Ashes ashe NNS 20467 49 52 ( ( -LRB- 20467 49 53 except except IN 20467 49 54 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 49 55 ashes ashe NNS 20467 49 56 ) ) -RRB- 20467 49 57 I i NN 20467 49 58 B B NNP 20467 49 59 Outlines Outlines NNP 20467 49 60 of of IN 20467 49 61 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 49 62 serrate serrate NN 20467 49 63 Ashes Ashes NNP 20467 49 64 ( ( -LRB- 20467 49 65 except except IN 20467 49 66 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 49 67 ashes ashe NNS 20467 49 68 ) ) -RRB- 20467 49 69 I i NN 20467 49 70 B B NNP 20467 49 71 Leaflets Leaflets NNPS 20467 49 72 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 49 73 or or CC 20467 49 74 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 49 75 toothed toothed JJ 20467 49 76 , , , 20467 49 77 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 49 78 or or CC 20467 49 79 nearly nearly RB 20467 49 80 entire entire JJ 20467 49 81 Box Box NNP 20467 49 82 elder elder NN 20467 49 83 J J NNP 20467 49 84 Irregularly irregularly RB 20467 49 85 bi bi NN 20467 49 86 - - NN 20467 49 87 pinnate pinnate NN 20467 49 88 , , , 20467 49 89 outlines outline NNS 20467 49 90 of of IN 20467 49 91 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 49 92 entire entire JJ 20467 49 93 , , , 20467 49 94 thorns thorn NNS 20467 49 95 on on IN 20467 49 96 stem stem NN 20467 49 97 and and CC 20467 49 98 trunk trunk NN 20467 49 99 Honey Honey NNP 20467 49 100 locust locust NN 20467 49 101 LIST LIST NNP 20467 49 102 OF of IN 20467 49 103 PLATES plate NNS 20467 49 104 . . . 20467 50 1 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 50 2 PAGE PAGE NNP 20467 50 3 I. I. NNP 20467 50 4 Larix Larix NNP 20467 50 5 Americana Americana NNP 20467 50 6 4 4 CD 20467 50 7 II ii CD 20467 50 8 . . . 20467 51 1 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 51 2 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 51 3 6 6 CD 20467 51 4 III iii CD 20467 51 5 . . . 20467 52 1 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 52 2 rigida rigida NN 20467 52 3 7 7 CD 20467 52 4 IV IV NNP 20467 52 5 . . . 20467 53 1 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 53 2 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 53 3 9 9 CD 20467 53 4 V. V. NNP 20467 53 5 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 53 6 resinosa resinosa NN 20467 53 7 11 11 CD 20467 53 8 VI VI NNP 20467 53 9 . . . 20467 54 1 Picea Picea NNP 20467 54 2 nigra nigra VBP 20467 54 3 14 14 CD 20467 54 4 VII vii NN 20467 54 5 . . . 20467 55 1 Picea Picea NNP 20467 55 2 rubra rubra NNP 20467 55 3 16 16 CD 20467 55 4 VIII viii NN 20467 55 5 . . . 20467 56 1 Picea Picea NNP 20467 56 2 alba alba VBZ 20467 56 3 18 18 CD 20467 56 4 IX ix NN 20467 56 5 . . . 20467 57 1 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 20467 57 2 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 57 3 20 20 CD 20467 57 4 X. X. NNP 20467 57 5 Abies Abies NNP 20467 57 6 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 57 7 22 22 CD 20467 57 8 XI XI NNP 20467 57 9 . . . 20467 58 1 Thuja Thuja NNP 20467 58 2 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 20467 58 3 24 24 CD 20467 58 4 XII xii NN 20467 58 5 . . . 20467 59 1 Cupressus Cupressus NNP 20467 59 2 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 59 3 26 26 CD 20467 59 4 XIII xiii NN 20467 59 5 . . . 20467 60 1 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 60 2 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 60 3 28 28 CD 20467 60 4 XIV XIV NNP 20467 60 5 . . . 20467 61 1 Populus populus JJ 20467 61 2 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 61 3 30 30 CD 20467 61 4 XV XV NNP 20467 61 5 . . . 20467 62 1 Populus populus JJ 20467 62 2 grandidentata grandidentata NN 20467 62 3 32 32 CD 20467 62 4 XVI XVI NNP 20467 62 5 . . . 20467 63 1 Populus populus JJ 20467 63 2 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 63 3 34 34 CD 20467 63 4 XVII XVII NNP 20467 63 5 . . . 20467 64 1 Populus populus JJ 20467 64 2 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 64 3 35 35 CD 20467 64 4 XVIII xviii NN 20467 64 5 . . . 20467 65 1 Populus populus JJ 20467 65 2 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 65 3 37 37 CD 20467 65 4 XIX xix NN 20467 65 5 . . . 20467 66 1 Populus populus JJ 20467 66 2 candicans candican NNS 20467 66 3 39 39 CD 20467 66 4 XX XX NNS 20467 66 5 . . . 20467 67 1 Salix salix NN 20467 67 2 discolor discolor NN 20467 67 3 41 41 CD 20467 67 4 XXI XXI NNP 20467 67 5 . . . 20467 68 1 Salix salix NN 20467 68 2 nigra nigra NN 20467 68 3 43 43 CD 20467 68 4 XXII XXII NNS 20467 68 5 . . . 20467 69 1 Juglans Juglans NNPS 20467 69 2 cinerea cinerea NNP 20467 69 3 47 47 CD 20467 69 4 XXIII xxiii NN 20467 69 5 . . . 20467 70 1 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 70 2 nigra nigra RB 20467 70 3 49 49 CD 20467 70 4 XXIV XXIV NNS 20467 70 5 . . . 20467 71 1 Carya Carya NNP 20467 71 2 alba alba NNP 20467 71 3 51 51 CD 20467 71 4 XXV XXV NNP 20467 71 5 . . . 20467 72 1 Carya Carya NNP 20467 72 2 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 72 3 53 53 CD 20467 72 4 XXVI XXVI NNP 20467 72 5 . . . 20467 73 1 Carya Carya NNP 20467 73 2 porcina porcina NNP 20467 73 3 55 55 CD 20467 73 4 XXVII xxvii NN 20467 73 5 . . . 20467 74 1 Carya carya NN 20467 74 2 amara amara NN 20467 74 3 57 57 CD 20467 74 4 XXVIII XXVIII NNP 20467 74 5 . . . 20467 75 1 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 75 2 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 75 3 58 58 CD 20467 75 4 XXIX XXIX NNP 20467 75 5 . . . 20467 76 1 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 76 2 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 76 3 60 60 CD 20467 76 4 XXX XXX NNP 20467 76 5 . . . 20467 77 1 Betula Betula NNP 20467 77 2 lenta lenta NNP 20467 77 3 62 62 CD 20467 77 4 XXXI xxxi NN 20467 77 5 . . . 20467 78 1 Betula Betula NNP 20467 78 2 lutea lutea JJ 20467 78 3 64 64 CD 20467 78 4 XXXII XXXII NNS 20467 78 5 . . . 20467 79 1 Betula Betula NNP 20467 79 2 nigra nigra NN 20467 79 3 66 66 CD 20467 79 4 XXXIII XXXIII NNP 20467 79 5 . . . 20467 80 1 Betula Betula NNP 20467 80 2 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 80 3 68 68 CD 20467 80 4 XXXIV xxxiv NN 20467 80 5 . . . 20467 81 1 Betula Betula NNP 20467 81 2 papyrifera papyrifera NNP 20467 81 3 70 70 CD 20467 81 4 XXXV XXXV NNP 20467 81 5 . . . 20467 82 1 Fagus fagus JJ 20467 82 2 ferruginea ferruginea NN 20467 82 3 72 72 CD 20467 82 4 XXXVI XXXVI NNP 20467 82 5 . . . 20467 83 1 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 83 2 sativa sativa NN 20467 83 3 , , , 20467 83 4 var var NN 20467 83 5 . . . 20467 84 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 84 2 74 74 CD 20467 84 3 XXXVII xxxvii NN 20467 84 4 . . . 20467 85 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 85 2 alba alba VBZ 20467 85 3 77 77 CD 20467 85 4 XXXVIII xxxviii NN 20467 85 5 . . . 20467 86 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 86 2 stellata stellata NN 20467 86 3 78 78 CD 20467 86 4 XXXIX xxxix NN 20467 86 5 . . . 20467 87 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 87 2 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 20467 87 3 80 80 CD 20467 87 4 XL XL NNP 20467 87 5 . . . 20467 88 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 88 2 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 88 3 82 82 CD 20467 88 4 XLI XLI NNP 20467 88 5 . . . 20467 89 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 89 2 Prinus Prinus NNP 20467 89 3 84 84 CD 20467 89 4 XLII xlii NN 20467 89 5 . . . 20467 90 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 90 2 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 90 3 85 85 CD 20467 90 4 XLIII XLIII NNS 20467 90 5 . . . 20467 91 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 91 2 rubra rubra NNP 20467 91 3 87 87 CD 20467 91 4 XLIV XLIV NNS 20467 91 5 . . . 20467 92 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 92 2 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 92 3 89 89 CD 20467 92 4 XLV XLV NNP 20467 92 5 . . . 20467 93 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 93 2 velutina velutina NNP 20467 93 3 91 91 CD 20467 93 4 XLVI xlvi NN 20467 93 5 . . . 20467 94 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 94 2 palustris palustris NNP 20467 94 3 93 93 CD 20467 94 4 XLVII XLVII NNP 20467 94 5 . . . 20467 95 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 95 2 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 95 3 94 94 CD 20467 95 4 XLVIII xlviii NN 20467 95 5 . . . 20467 96 1 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 96 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 96 3 97 97 CD 20467 96 4 XLIX XLIX NNS 20467 96 5 . . . 20467 97 1 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 97 2 fulva fulva NN 20467 97 3 98 98 CD 20467 97 4 L. L. NNP 20467 97 5 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 97 6 racemosa racemosa NNP 20467 97 7 100 100 CD 20467 97 8 LI li NN 20467 97 9 . . . 20467 98 1 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 98 2 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 20467 98 3 102 102 CD 20467 98 4 LII lii NN 20467 98 5 . . . 20467 99 1 Morus Morus NNP 20467 99 2 rubra rubra NNP 20467 99 3 103 103 CD 20467 99 4 LIII liii NN 20467 99 5 . . . 20467 100 1 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 100 2 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 100 3 103 103 CD 20467 100 4 LIV LIV NNP 20467 100 5 . . . 20467 101 1 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 101 2 officinale officinale VBP 20467 101 3 108 108 CD 20467 101 4 LV LV NNP 20467 101 5 . . . 20467 102 1 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 20467 102 2 Styraciflua Styraciflua NNP 20467 102 3 109 109 CD 20467 102 4 LVI LVI NNP 20467 102 5 . . . 20467 103 1 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 103 2 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 20467 103 3 111 111 CD 20467 103 4 LVII LVII NNP 20467 103 5 . . . 20467 104 1 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 104 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 104 3 113 113 CD 20467 104 4 LVIII LVIII NNS 20467 104 5 . . . 20467 105 1 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 105 2 sambucifolia sambucifolia VBP 20467 105 3 115 115 CD 20467 105 4 LIX LIX NNP 20467 105 5 . . . 20467 106 1 Amelanchier Amelanchier NNP 20467 106 2 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 106 3 117 117 CD 20467 106 4 LX LX NNP 20467 106 5 . . . 20467 107 1 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 107 2 mollis mollis NNP 20467 107 3 121 121 CD 20467 107 4 LXI LXI NNP 20467 107 5 . . . 20467 108 1 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 108 2 nigra nigra NNP 20467 108 3 123 123 CD 20467 108 4 LXII lxii NN 20467 108 5 . . . 20467 109 1 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 109 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 109 3 124 124 CD 20467 109 4 LXIII LXIII NNS 20467 109 5 . . . 20467 110 1 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 110 2 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 110 3 125 125 CD 20467 110 4 LXIV LXIV NNP 20467 110 5 . . . 20467 111 1 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 111 2 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 111 3 126 126 CD 20467 111 4 LXV LXV NNP 20467 111 5 . . . 20467 112 1 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 112 2 serotina serotina NNP 20467 112 3 128 128 CD 20467 112 4 LXVI lxvi NN 20467 112 5 . . . 20467 113 1 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 113 2 triacanthos triacanthos NNP 20467 113 3 130 130 CD 20467 113 4 LXVII lxvii NN 20467 113 5 . . . 20467 114 1 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 114 2 Pseudacacia Pseudacacia NNP 20467 114 3 132 132 CD 20467 114 4 LXVIII LXVIII NNP 20467 114 5 . . . 20467 115 1 Rhus rhu NNS 20467 115 2 typhina typhina NNP 20467 115 3 135 135 CD 20467 115 4 LXIX LXIX NNP 20467 115 5 . . . 20467 116 1 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 116 2 Vernix Vernix NNP 20467 116 3 137 137 CD 20467 116 4 LXX LXX NNP 20467 116 5 . . . 20467 117 1 Ilex ilex JJ 20467 117 2 opaca opaca NN 20467 117 3 140 140 CD 20467 117 4 LXXI LXXI NNP 20467 117 5 . . . 20467 118 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 118 2 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 118 3 142 142 CD 20467 118 4 LXXII lxxii NN 20467 118 5 . . . 20467 119 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 119 2 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 119 3 144 144 CD 20467 119 4 LXXIII LXXIII NNP 20467 119 5 . . . 20467 120 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 120 2 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 120 3 146 146 CD 20467 120 4 LXXIV LXXIV NNP 20467 120 5 . . . 20467 121 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 121 2 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 121 3 var var NN 20467 121 4 . . . 20467 122 1 nigrum nigrum NNP 20467 122 2 147 147 CD 20467 122 3 LXXV LXXV NNP 20467 122 4 . . . 20467 123 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 123 2 spicatum spicatum NN 20467 123 3 149 149 CD 20467 123 4 LXXVI lxxvi NN 20467 123 5 . . . 20467 124 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 124 2 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 124 3 151 151 CD 20467 124 4 LXXVII LXXVII NNP 20467 124 5 . . . 20467 125 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 125 2 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 125 3 153 153 CD 20467 125 4 LXXVIII LXXVIII NNP 20467 125 5 . . . 20467 126 1 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 126 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 126 3 155 155 CD 20467 126 4 LXXIX lxxix NN 20467 126 5 . . . 20467 127 1 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 127 2 florida florida NNP 20467 127 3 157 157 CD 20467 127 4 LXXX LXXX NNP 20467 127 5 . . . 20467 128 1 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 128 2 alternifolia alternifolia NNP 20467 128 3 158 158 CD 20467 128 4 LXXXI LXXXI NNP 20467 128 5 . . . 20467 129 1 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 129 2 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 129 3 160 160 CD 20467 129 4 LXXXII lxxxii NN 20467 129 5 . . . 20467 130 1 Diospyros Diospyros NNP 20467 130 2 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 130 3 162 162 CD 20467 130 4 LXXXIII LXXXIII NNP 20467 130 5 . . . 20467 131 1 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 131 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 131 3 164 164 CD 20467 131 4 LXXXIV LXXXIV NNS 20467 131 5 . . . 20467 132 1 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 132 2 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 132 3 165 165 CD 20467 132 4 LXXXV LXXXV NNP 20467 132 5 . . . 20467 133 1 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 133 2 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 133 3 . . . 20467 134 1 var var NN 20467 134 2 . . . 20467 135 1 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 135 2 166 166 CD 20467 135 3 LXXXVI LXXXVI NNP 20467 135 4 . . . 20467 136 1 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 136 2 nigra nigra NN 20467 136 3 168 168 CD 20467 136 4 LXXXVII lxxxvii NN 20467 136 5 . . . 20467 137 1 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 137 2 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 137 3 169 169 CD 20467 137 4 BOTANICAL botanical NN 20467 137 5 AUTHORITIES authority NNS 20467 137 6 . . . 20467 138 1 PAGE PAGE NNP 20467 138 2 ATKINS ATKINS NNP 20467 138 3 , , , 20467 138 4 C. C. NNP 20467 138 5 G. G. NNP 20467 138 6 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 138 7 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 138 8 , , , 20467 138 9 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 138 10 8 8 CD 20467 138 11 AVERILL AVERILL NNP 20467 138 12 , , , 20467 138 13 C. C. NNP 20467 138 14 K. K. NNP 20467 138 15 v v NNP 20467 138 16 Populus Populus NNP 20467 138 17 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 138 18 , , , 20467 138 19 L. L. NNP 20467 138 20 ( ( -LRB- 20467 138 21 _ _ NNP 20467 138 22 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 138 23 _ _ NNP 20467 138 24 , , , 20467 138 25 II II NNP 20467 138 26 , , , 20467 138 27 35 35 CD 20467 138 28 ) ) -RRB- 20467 138 29 36 36 CD 20467 138 30 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 138 31 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 138 32 , , , 20467 138 33 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 138 34 . . . 20467 139 1 123 123 CD 20467 139 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 139 3 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 139 4 , , , 20467 139 5 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 139 6 . . . 20467 140 1 84 84 CD 20467 140 2 BAILEY BAILEY NNP 20467 140 3 , , , 20467 140 4 L. L. NNP 20467 140 5 H. H. NNP 20467 140 6 Populus Populus NNP 20467 140 7 candicans candican NNS 20467 140 8 , , , 20467 140 9 Ait ait RB 20467 140 10 . . . 20467 141 1 37 37 CD 20467 141 2 BAILEY BAILEY NNP 20467 141 3 , , , 20467 141 4 W. W. NNP 20467 141 5 W. W. NNP 20467 141 6 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 141 7 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 141 8 , , , 20467 141 9 L. L. NNP 20467 141 10 100 100 CD 20467 141 11 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 141 12 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 141 13 , , , 20467 141 14 _ _ NNP 20467 141 15 var var NN 20467 141 16 . . . 20467 141 17 _ _ NNP 20467 141 18 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 141 19 , , , 20467 141 20 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 141 21 . . . 20467 142 1 166 166 CD 20467 142 2 BARTRAM BARTRAM NNP 20467 142 3 , , , 20467 142 4 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 20467 142 5 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 142 6 tinctoria tinctoria VBZ 20467 142 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 142 8 1791 1791 CD 20467 142 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 142 10 89 89 CD 20467 142 11 BATCHELDER BATCHELDER NNP 20467 142 12 , , , 20467 142 13 F. F. NNP 20467 142 14 W. W. NNP 20467 142 15 Betula Betula NNP 20467 142 16 nigra nigra NN 20467 142 17 , , , 20467 142 18 L. L. NNP 20467 142 19 65 65 CD 20467 142 20 Salix Salix NNP 20467 142 21 discolor discolor NN 20467 142 22 , , , 20467 142 23 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 142 24 . . . 20467 143 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 143 2 Laconia Laconia NNP 20467 143 3 , , , 20467 143 4 N. N. NNP 20467 143 5 H. H. NNP 20467 143 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 143 7 41 41 CD 20467 143 8 BATES bate NNS 20467 143 9 , , , 20467 143 10 J. J. NNP 20467 144 1 A. A. NNP 20467 144 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 144 3 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 144 4 , , , 20467 144 5 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 144 6 8 8 CD 20467 144 7 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 144 8 officinale officinale NN 20467 144 9 , , , 20467 144 10 Nees Nees NNP 20467 144 11 106 106 CD 20467 144 12 BISHOP bishop NN 20467 144 13 , , , 20467 144 14 J. J. NNP 20467 144 15 N. N. NNP 20467 144 16 v v NNP 20467 144 17 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 144 18 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 144 19 , , , 20467 144 20 L. L. NNP 20467 144 21 100 100 CD 20467 144 22 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 144 23 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 144 24 , , , 20467 144 25 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 144 26 . . . 20467 145 1 164 164 CD 20467 145 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 145 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 145 4 , , , 20467 145 5 _ _ NNP 20467 145 6 var var NN 20467 145 7 . . . 20467 145 8 _ _ NNP 20467 145 9 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 145 10 , , , 20467 145 11 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 145 12 . . . 20467 146 1 166 166 CD 20467 146 2 Juglans Juglans NNPS 20467 146 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 146 4 , , , 20467 146 5 L. L. NNP 20467 146 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 146 7 _ _ NNP 20467 146 8 in in IN 20467 146 9 lit lit NN 20467 146 10 . . . 20467 146 11 _ _ NNP 20467 146 12 , , , 20467 146 13 1896 1896 CD 20467 146 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 146 15 48 48 CD 20467 146 16 Morus Morus NNP 20467 146 17 rubra rubra NN 20467 146 18 , , , 20467 146 19 L. L. NNP 20467 146 20 102 102 CD 20467 146 21 Populus Populus NNP 20467 146 22 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 146 23 , , , 20467 146 24 L. L. NNP 20467 146 25 33 33 CD 20467 146 26 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 146 27 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 146 28 , , , 20467 146 29 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 146 30 . . . 20467 147 1 84 84 CD 20467 147 2 Thuja thuja JJ 20467 147 3 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 147 4 , , , 20467 147 5 L. L. NNP 20467 147 6 23 23 CD 20467 147 7 BISSELL BISSELL NNS 20467 147 8 , , , 20467 147 9 C. C. NNP 20467 147 10 H. H. NNP 20467 147 11 v v NNP 20467 147 12 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 147 13 Crus Crus NNP 20467 147 14 - - HYPH 20467 147 15 Galli Galli NNP 20467 147 16 , , , 20467 147 17 L. L. NNP 20467 147 18 117 117 CD 20467 147 19 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 147 20 sylvestris sylvestris NN 20467 147 21 , , , 20467 147 22 L. L. NNP 20467 147 23 ( ( -LRB- 20467 147 24 _ _ NNP 20467 147 25 in in IN 20467 147 26 lit lit NN 20467 147 27 . . . 20467 147 28 _ _ NNP 20467 147 29 , , , 20467 147 30 1899 1899 CD 20467 147 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 147 32 12 12 CD 20467 147 33 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 147 34 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 147 35 , , , 20467 147 36 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 147 37 . . . 20467 148 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 148 2 _ _ NNP 20467 148 3 in in IN 20467 148 4 lit lit NN 20467 148 5 . . . 20467 148 6 _ _ NNP 20467 148 7 , , , 20467 148 8 1900 1900 CD 20467 148 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 148 10 123 123 CD 20467 148 11 Rhus rhus NN 20467 148 12 copallina copallina NNP 20467 148 13 137 137 CD 20467 148 14 BRAINERD BRAINERD NNS 20467 148 15 , , , 20467 148 16 EZRA EZRA NNP 20467 148 17 Carya Carya NNP 20467 148 18 porcina porcina NN 20467 148 19 , , , 20467 148 20 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 148 21 . . . 20467 149 1 53 53 CD 20467 149 2 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 149 3 punctata punctata NN 20467 149 4 , , , 20467 149 5 Jacq Jacq NNP 20467 149 6 . . . 20467 150 1 118 118 CD 20467 150 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 150 3 racemosa racemosa NN 20467 150 4 , , , 20467 150 5 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 150 6 99 99 CD 20467 150 7 BREWSTER BREWSTER NNP 20467 150 8 , , , 20467 150 9 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 20467 150 10 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 150 11 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 150 12 , , , 20467 150 13 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 150 14 8 8 CD 20467 150 15 BRITTON BRITTON NNP 20467 150 16 , , , 20467 150 17 NATHANIEL NATHANIEL NNP 20467 150 18 LORD LORD NNP 20467 150 19 Acer Acer NNP 20467 150 20 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 150 21 , , , 20467 150 22 _ _ NNP 20467 150 23 var var NN 20467 150 24 . . . 20467 150 25 _ _ NNP 20467 150 26 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 150 27 172 172 CD 20467 150 28 BROWNE BROWNE NNP 20467 150 29 , , , 20467 150 30 D. D. NNP 20467 150 31 T. T. NNP 20467 150 32 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 150 33 opaca opaca NN 20467 150 34 ( ( -LRB- 20467 150 35 _ _ NNP 20467 150 36 Trees Trees NNP 20467 150 37 of of IN 20467 150 38 North North NNP 20467 150 39 America America NNP 20467 150 40 _ _ NNP 20467 150 41 , , , 20467 150 42 1846 1846 CD 20467 150 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 150 44 139 139 CD 20467 150 45 _ _ NNP 20467 150 46 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 20467 150 47 Torrey Torrey NNP 20467 150 48 Botanical Botanical NNP 20467 150 49 Club Club NNP 20467 150 50 _ _ NNP 20467 150 51 , , , 20467 150 52 XVIII XVIII NNP 20467 150 53 , , , 20467 150 54 150 150 CD 20467 150 55 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 150 56 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 150 57 , , , 20467 150 58 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 150 59 8 8 CD 20467 150 60 CHAMBERLAIN CHAMBERLAIN NNP 20467 150 61 , , , 20467 150 62 E. E. NNP 20467 150 63 B. B. NNP 20467 150 64 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 150 65 fulva fulva NN 20467 150 66 , , , 20467 150 67 Michx Michx NNP 20467 150 68 . . . 20467 151 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 151 2 1898 1898 CD 20467 151 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 151 4 97 97 CD 20467 151 5 CHURCHILL CHURCHILL NNP 20467 151 6 , , , 20467 151 7 J. J. NNP 20467 151 8 R. R. NNP 20467 151 9 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 151 10 Americana Americana NNP 20467 151 11 , , , 20467 151 12 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 151 13 . . . 20467 152 1 123 123 CD 20467 152 2 COLLINS COLLINS NNP 20467 152 3 , , , 20467 152 4 J. J. NNP 20467 152 5 F. F. NNP 20467 152 6 v v NN 20467 152 7 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 152 8 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 152 9 , , , 20467 152 10 L. L. NNP 20467 152 11 129 129 CD 20467 152 12 DAME DAME NNP 20467 152 13 . . . 20467 153 1 L. L. NNP 20467 153 2 L. L. NNP 20467 153 3 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 153 4 Crus Crus NNP 20467 153 5 - - HYPH 20467 153 6 Galli Galli NNP 20467 153 7 , , , 20467 153 8 L. L. NNP 20467 153 9 171 171 CD 20467 153 10 Salix Salix NNP 20467 153 11 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 153 12 , , , 20467 153 13 L. L. NNP 20467 153 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 153 15 _ _ NNP 20467 153 16 Typical Typical NNP 20467 153 17 Elms Elms NNPS 20467 153 18 and and CC 20467 153 19 other other JJ 20467 153 20 Trees tree NNS 20467 153 21 of of IN 20467 153 22 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 153 23 _ _ NNP 20467 153 24 , , , 20467 153 25 p. p. NN 20467 153 26 85 85 CD 20467 153 27 ) ) -RRB- 20467 153 28 44 44 CD 20467 153 29 DAY DAY NNP 20467 153 30 , , , 20467 153 31 F. F. NNP 20467 153 32 M. M. NNP 20467 153 33 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 153 34 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 153 35 , , , 20467 153 36 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 153 37 8 8 CD 20467 153 38 DEANE DEANE NNS 20467 153 39 , , , 20467 153 40 WALTER WALTER NNP 20467 153 41 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 153 42 officinale officinale NN 20467 153 43 , , , 20467 153 44 Nees Nees NNP 20467 153 45 ( ( -LRB- 20467 153 46 1895 1895 CD 20467 153 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 153 48 106 106 CD 20467 153 49 DUDLEY DUDLEY NNP 20467 153 50 , , , 20467 153 51 W. W. NNP 20467 153 52 R. R. NNP 20467 153 53 Populus Populus NNP 20467 153 54 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 153 55 , , , 20467 153 56 L. L. NNP 20467 153 57 33 33 CD 20467 153 58 EGGLESTON EGGLESTON NNP 20467 153 59 , , , 20467 153 60 W.W. W.W. NNP 20467 153 61 Carya Carya NNP 20467 153 62 porcina porcina NN 20467 153 63 , , , 20467 153 64 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 153 65 . . . 20467 154 1 53 53 CD 20467 154 2 Celtis celtis JJ 20467 154 3 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 154 4 , , , 20467 154 5 L. L. NNP 20467 154 6 100 100 CD 20467 154 7 Morus Morus NNP 20467 154 8 rubra rubra NN 20467 154 9 , , , 20467 154 10 L. L. NNP 20467 154 11 102 102 CD 20467 154 12 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 154 13 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 154 14 , , , 20467 154 15 L. L. NNP 20467 154 16 110 110 CD 20467 154 17 Populus Populus NNP 20467 154 18 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 154 19 , , , 20467 154 20 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 154 21 . . . 20467 155 1 34 34 CD 20467 155 2 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 155 3 officinale officinale NN 20467 155 4 , , , 20467 155 5 Nees Nees NNP 20467 155 6 . . . 20467 156 1 106 106 CD 20467 156 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 156 3 racemosa racemosa NN 20467 156 4 , , , 20467 156 5 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 156 6 . . . 20467 157 1 99 99 CD 20467 157 2 ENGLER ENGLER NNS 20467 157 3 , , , 20467 157 4 ADOLPH adolph NN 20467 157 5 v v NN 20467 157 6 FERNALD FERNALD NNP 20467 157 7 , , , 20467 157 8 M. M. NNP 20467 157 9 L. L. NNP 20467 157 10 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 157 11 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 157 12 , , , 20467 157 13 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 157 14 , , , 20467 157 15 _ _ NNP 20467 157 16 var var NN 20467 157 17 . . . 20467 157 18 _ _ NNP 20467 157 19 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 157 20 , , , 20467 157 21 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 157 22 . . . 20467 158 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 158 2 _ _ NNP 20467 158 3 in in IN 20467 158 4 lit lit NN 20467 158 5 . . . 20467 158 6 _ _ NNP 20467 158 7 , , , 20467 158 8 Sept. September NNP 20467 158 9 , , , 20467 158 10 1901 1901 CD 20467 158 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 158 12 172 172 CD 20467 158 13 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 158 14 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 158 15 , , , 20467 158 16 L. L. NNP 20467 158 17 129 129 CD 20467 158 18 Populus Populus NNP 20467 158 19 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 158 20 , , , 20467 158 21 L. L. NNP 20467 158 22 _ _ NNP 20467 158 23 var var NN 20467 158 24 . . . 20467 158 25 _ _ IN 20467 158 26 candicans candican NNS 20467 158 27 , , , 20467 158 28 Gray Gray NNP 20467 158 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 158 30 _ _ NNP 20467 158 31 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 158 32 _ _ NNP 20467 158 33 . . . 20467 159 1 III iii CD 20467 159 2 , , , 20467 159 3 233 233 CD 20467 159 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 159 5 171 171 CD 20467 159 6 Salix salix NN 20467 159 7 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 159 8 , , , 20467 159 9 Barratt Barratt NNP 20467 159 10 . . . 20467 160 1 171 171 CD 20467 160 2 Salix salix NN 20467 160 3 discolor discolor NN 20467 160 4 , , , 20467 160 5 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 160 6 . . . 20467 161 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 161 2 _ _ NNP 20467 161 3 in in IN 20467 161 4 lit lit NN 20467 161 5 . . . 20467 161 6 _ _ NNP 20467 161 7 , , , 20467 161 8 Sept. September NNP 20467 161 9 , , , 20467 161 10 1901 1901 CD 20467 161 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 161 12 171 171 CD 20467 161 13 FLAGG FLAGG NNP 20467 161 14 Morus Morus NNP 20467 161 15 rubra rubra NN 20467 161 16 , , , 20467 161 17 L. L. NNP 20467 161 18 102 102 CD 20467 161 19 FLINT FLINT NNP 20467 161 20 , , , 20467 161 21 W. W. NNP 20467 161 22 F. F. NNP 20467 161 23 v v NN 20467 161 24 Acer Acer NNP 20467 161 25 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 161 26 , , , 20467 161 27 L. L. NNP 20467 161 28 151 151 CD 20467 161 29 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 161 30 alba alba VBZ 20467 161 31 , , , 20467 161 32 L. L. NNP 20467 161 33 75 75 CD 20467 161 34 _ _ NNP 20467 161 35 Flora Flora NNP 20467 161 36 of of IN 20467 161 37 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 161 38 _ _ NNP 20467 161 39 Betula Betula NNP 20467 161 40 lenta lenta NNP 20467 161 41 , , , 20467 161 42 L. L. NNP 20467 161 43 ( ( -LRB- 20467 161 44 1900 1900 CD 20467 161 45 ) ) -RRB- 20467 161 46 61 61 CD 20467 161 47 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 161 48 Crus Crus NNP 20467 161 49 - - HYPH 20467 161 50 Galli Galli NNP 20467 161 51 , , , 20467 161 52 L. L. NNP 20467 161 53 ( ( -LRB- 20467 161 54 1900 1900 CD 20467 161 55 ) ) -RRB- 20467 161 56 117 117 CD 20467 161 57 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 161 58 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 161 59 , , , 20467 161 60 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 161 61 . . . 20467 162 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 162 2 1900 1900 CD 20467 162 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 162 4 164 164 CD 20467 162 5 Picea picea JJ 20467 162 6 nigra nigra NN 20467 162 7 , , , 20467 162 8 Link Link NNP 20467 162 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 162 10 1900 1900 CD 20467 162 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 162 12 12 12 CD 20467 162 13 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 162 14 rigida rigida NN 20467 162 15 , , , 20467 162 16 Mill Mill NNP 20467 162 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 162 18 1900 1900 CD 20467 162 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 162 20 6 6 CD 20467 162 21 Populus Populus NNP 20467 162 22 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 162 23 , , , 20467 162 24 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 162 25 . . . 20467 163 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 163 2 1900 1900 CD 20467 163 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 163 4 34 34 CD 20467 163 5 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 163 6 alba alba VBZ 20467 163 7 , , , 20467 163 8 L. L. NNP 20467 163 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 163 10 1900 1900 CD 20467 163 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 163 12 75 75 CD 20467 163 13 FURBISH FURBISH NNS 20467 163 14 , , , 20467 163 15 MISS MISS NNP 20467 163 16 KATE KATE NNP 20467 163 17 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 163 18 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 163 19 , , , 20467 163 20 L. L. NNP 20467 163 21 ( ( -LRB- 20467 163 22 May May NNP 20467 163 23 , , , 20467 163 24 1899 1899 CD 20467 163 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 163 26 119 119 CD 20467 163 27 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 163 28 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 163 29 , , , 20467 163 30 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 163 31 8 8 CD 20467 163 32 GOODALE GOODALE NNP 20467 163 33 , , , 20467 163 34 G. G. NNP 20467 163 35 L. L. NNP 20467 163 36 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 163 37 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 163 38 . . . 20467 164 1 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 164 2 8 8 CD 20467 164 3 GRANT GRANT NNP 20467 164 4 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 164 5 officinale officinale NN 20467 164 6 , , , 20467 164 7 Nees Nees NNP 20467 164 8 106 106 CD 20467 164 9 GRAY gray NN 20467 164 10 , , , 20467 164 11 ASA ASA NNP 20467 164 12 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 164 13 opaca opaca NN 20467 164 14 , , , 20467 164 15 Ait ait RB 20467 164 16 . . . 20467 165 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 165 2 _ _ NNP 20467 165 3 Manual Manual NNP 20467 165 4 of of IN 20467 165 5 Botany Botany NNP 20467 165 6 _ _ NNP 20467 165 7 , , , 20467 165 8 6th 6th JJ 20467 165 9 ed ed NN 20467 165 10 . . . 20467 165 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 1 138 138 CD 20467 166 2 HAINES haine NNS 20467 166 3 , , , 20467 166 4 MRS MRS NNP 20467 166 5 . . . 20467 166 6 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 166 7 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 166 8 , , , 20467 166 9 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 166 10 8 8 CD 20467 166 11 HARGER HARGER NNP 20467 166 12 , , , 20467 166 13 E. E. NNP 20467 166 14 B. B. NNP 20467 166 15 Picea Picea NNP 20467 166 16 nigra nigra NN 20467 166 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 166 18 _ _ NNP 20467 166 19 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 166 20 _ _ NNP 20467 166 21 , , , 20467 166 22 II II NNP 20467 166 23 , , , 20467 166 24 126 126 CD 20467 166 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 26 13 13 CD 20467 166 27 HARPER harper NN 20467 166 28 , , , 20467 166 29 R. R. NNP 20467 166 30 M. M. NNP 20467 166 31 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 166 32 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 166 33 , , , 20467 166 34 L. L. NNP 20467 166 35 ( ( -LRB- 20467 166 36 _ _ NNP 20467 166 37 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 166 38 _ _ NNP 20467 166 39 II II NNP 20467 166 40 , , , 20467 166 41 122 122 CD 20467 166 42 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 43 104 104 CD 20467 166 44 HARRINGTON HARRINGTON NNP 20467 166 45 , , , 20467 166 46 A. A. NNP 20467 166 47 K. K. NNP 20467 166 48 Picea Picea NNP 20467 166 49 alba alba VBZ 20467 166 50 , , , 20467 166 51 Link Link NNP 20467 166 52 17 17 CD 20467 166 53 HASKINS haskin NNS 20467 166 54 , , , 20467 166 55 T. T. NNP 20467 166 56 H. H. NNP 20467 166 57 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 166 58 racemosa racemosa NN 20467 166 59 , , , 20467 166 60 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 166 61 ( ( -LRB- 20467 166 62 _ _ NNP 20467 166 63 Garden Garden NNP 20467 166 64 and and CC 20467 166 65 Forest Forest NNP 20467 166 66 _ _ NNP 20467 166 67 , , , 20467 166 68 V V NNP 20467 166 69 , , , 20467 166 70 86 86 CD 20467 166 71 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 72 99 99 CD 20467 166 73 HOLMES HOLMES NNP 20467 166 74 , , , 20467 166 75 DR DR NNP 20467 166 76 . . . 20467 166 77 EZEKIEL EZEKIEL NNP 20467 166 78 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 166 79 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 166 80 , , , 20467 166 81 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 166 82 159 159 CD 20467 166 83 HOSFORD HOSFORD NNP 20467 166 84 , , , 20467 166 85 F. F. NNP 20467 166 86 H. H. NNP 20467 166 87 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 166 88 mollis mollis NNP 20467 166 89 , , , 20467 166 90 Scheele Scheele NNP 20467 166 91 120 120 CD 20467 166 92 HOYT HOYT NNP 20467 166 93 , , , 20467 166 94 MISS MISS NNP 20467 166 95 FANNY FANNY NNP 20467 166 96 E. E. NNP 20467 166 97 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 166 98 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 166 99 , , , 20467 166 100 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 166 101 8 8 CD 20467 166 102 HUMPHREY HUMPHREY NNP 20467 166 103 , , , 20467 166 104 J. J. NNP 20467 166 105 E. E. NNP 20467 166 106 Picea Picea NNP 20467 166 107 alba alba VBZ 20467 166 108 , , , 20467 166 109 Link Link NNP 20467 166 110 17 17 CD 20467 166 111 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 166 112 palustris palustri NNS 20467 166 113 , , , 20467 166 114 Du Du NNP 20467 166 115 Roi Roi NNP 20467 166 116 ( ( -LRB- 20467 166 117 _ _ NNP 20467 166 118 Amherst Amherst NNP 20467 166 119 Trees Trees NNP 20467 166 120 _ _ NNP 20467 166 121 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 122 91 91 CD 20467 166 123 JACK JACK NNP 20467 166 124 , , , 20467 166 125 J. J. NNP 20467 166 126 G. G. NNP 20467 166 127 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 166 128 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 166 129 , , , 20467 166 130 L. L. NNP 20467 166 131 ( ( -LRB- 20467 166 132 1899 1899 CD 20467 166 133 - - SYM 20467 166 134 1900 1900 CD 20467 166 135 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 136 119 119 CD 20467 166 137 JESSUP jessup NN 20467 166 138 , , , 20467 166 139 HENRY HENRY NNP 20467 166 140 GRISWOLD GRISWOLD NNP 20467 166 141 Carya carya NN 20467 166 142 amara amara NN 20467 166 143 , , , 20467 166 144 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 166 145 55 55 CD 20467 166 146 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 166 147 racemosa racemosa NN 20467 166 148 , , , 20467 166 149 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 166 150 99 99 CD 20467 166 151 JOSSELYN JOSSELYN NNP 20467 166 152 , , , 20467 166 153 JOHN JOHN NNP 20467 166 154 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 166 155 officinale officinale NN 20467 166 156 , , , 20467 166 157 Nees Nees NNP 20467 166 158 ( ( -LRB- 20467 166 159 _ _ NNP 20467 166 160 New New NNP 20467 166 161 England England NNP 20467 166 162 Rarities Rarities NNPS 20467 166 163 _ _ NNP 20467 166 164 , , , 20467 166 165 1672 1672 CD 20467 166 166 ) ) -RRB- 20467 166 167 106 106 CD 20467 166 168 KNOWLTON KNOWLTON NNP 20467 166 169 , , , 20467 166 170 C. C. NNP 20467 166 171 H. H. NNP 20467 166 172 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 166 173 rigida rigida NN 20467 166 174 , , , 20467 166 175 Mill Mill NNP 20467 166 176 . . . 20467 167 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 167 2 _ _ NNP 20467 167 3 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 167 4 _ _ NNP 20467 167 5 , , , 20467 167 6 II II NNP 20467 167 7 , , , 20467 167 8 124 124 CD 20467 167 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 167 10 6 6 CD 20467 167 11 MANNING MANNING NNP 20467 167 12 , , , 20467 167 13 WARREN WARREN NNP 20467 167 14 H. H. NNP 20467 167 15 vi vi NNP 20467 167 16 MATTHEWS MATTHEWS NNP 20467 167 17 , , , 20467 167 18 F. F. NNP 20467 167 19 SCHUYLER SCHUYLER NNP 20467 167 20 Morus Morus NNP 20467 167 21 rubra rubra NNP 20467 167 22 . . . 20467 168 1 L. L. NNP 20467 168 2 102 102 CD 20467 168 3 MICHAUX MICHAUX NNP 20467 168 4 , , , 20467 168 5 FILS FILS NNP 20467 168 6 , , , 20467 168 7 FRANÇOIS FRANÇOIS NNP 20467 168 8 ANDRÉ ANDRÉ NNPS 20467 168 9 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 168 10 fulva fulva NN 20467 168 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 168 12 _ _ NNP 20467 168 13 Sylva Sylva NNP 20467 168 14 of of IN 20467 168 15 North North NNP 20467 168 16 America America NNP 20467 168 17 _ _ NNP 20467 168 18 , , , 20467 168 19 III III NNP 20467 168 20 , , , 20467 168 21 ed ed NN 20467 168 22 . . . 20467 169 1 1853 1853 CD 20467 169 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 169 3 97 97 CD 20467 169 4 MORRIS morri NNS 20467 169 5 , , , 20467 169 6 E. E. NNP 20467 169 7 L. L. NNP 20467 169 8 v v NNP 20467 169 9 MORSS MORSS NNP 20467 169 10 , , , 20467 169 11 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 20467 169 12 H. H. NNP 20467 169 13 vi vi NNP 20467 169 14 OAKES OAKES NNP 20467 169 15 , , , 20467 169 16 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 20467 169 17 Morus Morus NNP 20467 169 18 rubra rubra NNP 20467 169 19 , , , 20467 169 20 L. L. NNP 20467 169 21 102 102 CD 20467 169 22 PARLIN PARLIN NNP 20467 169 23 , , , 20467 169 24 J. J. NNP 20467 169 25 C. C. NNP 20467 169 26 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 169 27 officinale officinale NN 20467 169 28 , , , 20467 169 29 Nees Nees NNP 20467 169 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 169 31 1896 1896 CD 20467 169 32 ) ) -RRB- 20467 169 33 106 106 CD 20467 169 34 PRANTL PRANTL NNS 20467 169 35 , , , 20467 169 36 KARL KARL NNP 20467 169 37 VON VON NNP 20467 169 38 v v NNP 20467 169 39 PRINGLE PRINGLE NNP 20467 169 40 , , , 20467 169 41 C. C. NNP 20467 169 42 G. G. NNP 20467 169 43 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 169 44 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 169 45 , , , 20467 169 46 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 169 47 8 8 CD 20467 169 48 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 169 49 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 169 50 , , , 20467 169 51 Cham Cham NNP 20467 169 52 . . . 20467 170 1 & & CC 20467 170 2 Schlecht Schlecht NNP 20467 170 3 113 113 CD 20467 170 4 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 170 5 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 170 6 , , , 20467 170 7 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 170 8 84 84 CD 20467 170 9 RAND RAND NNP 20467 170 10 , , , 20467 170 11 E. E. NNP 20467 170 12 L. L. NNP 20467 170 13 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 170 14 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 170 15 8 8 CD 20467 170 16 _ _ NNP 20467 170 17 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 170 18 _ _ NNP 20467 170 19 , , , 20467 170 20 III III NNP 20467 170 21 , , , 20467 170 22 234 234 CD 20467 170 23 Acer Acer NNP 20467 170 24 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 170 25 , , , 20467 170 26 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 170 27 . . . 20467 170 28 , , , 20467 170 29 _ _ NNP 20467 170 30 var var NN 20467 170 31 . . . 20467 170 32 _ _ IN 20467 170 33 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 170 34 , , , 20467 170 35 Trelease Trelease NNP 20467 170 36 172 172 CD 20467 170 37 Acer Acer NNP 20467 170 38 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 170 39 , , , 20467 170 40 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 170 41 . . . 20467 170 42 , , , 20467 170 43 _ _ NNP 20467 170 44 var var NN 20467 170 45 . . . 20467 170 46 _ _ NNP 20467 170 47 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 170 48 , , , 20467 170 49 Britton Britton NNP 20467 170 50 172 172 CD 20467 170 51 _ _ NNP 20467 170 52 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 170 53 _ _ NNP 20467 170 54 , , , 20467 170 55 III III NNP 20467 170 56 , , , 20467 170 57 58 58 CD 20467 170 58 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 170 59 opaca opaca NN 20467 170 60 , , , 20467 170 61 Ait ait RB 20467 170 62 . . . 20467 171 1 139 139 CD 20467 171 2 _ _ NNP 20467 171 3 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 171 4 _ _ NNP 20467 171 5 , , , 20467 171 6 III III NNP 20467 171 7 , , , 20467 171 8 234 234 CD 20467 171 9 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 171 10 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 171 11 , , , 20467 171 12 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 171 13 171 171 CD 20467 171 14 ROBBINS robbin NNS 20467 171 15 , , , 20467 171 16 JAMES JAMES NNP 20467 171 17 W. W. NNP 20467 171 18 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 171 19 officinale officinale NN 20467 171 20 , , , 20467 171 21 Nees Nees NNP 20467 171 22 106 106 CD 20467 171 23 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 171 24 racemosa racemosa NN 20467 171 25 , , , 20467 171 26 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 171 27 99 99 CD 20467 171 28 ROBINSON robinson NN 20467 171 29 , , , 20467 171 30 DR DR NNP 20467 171 31 . . . 20467 171 32 B. B. NNP 20467 171 33 L. L. NNP 20467 171 34 vi vi NNP 20467 171 35 ROBINSON ROBINSON NNP 20467 171 36 , , , 20467 171 37 JOHN JOHN NNP 20467 171 38 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 171 39 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 171 40 , , , 20467 171 41 L. L. NNP 20467 171 42 ( ( -LRB- 20467 171 43 1900 1900 CD 20467 171 44 ) ) -RRB- 20467 171 45 119 119 CD 20467 171 46 ROBINSON robinson NN 20467 171 47 , , , 20467 171 48 R. R. NNP 20467 171 49 E. E. NNP 20467 171 50 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 171 51 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 171 52 , , , 20467 171 53 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 171 54 8 8 CD 20467 171 55 RUSSELL RUSSELL NNP 20467 171 56 , , , 20467 171 57 L. L. NNP 20467 171 58 W. W. NNP 20467 171 59 Diospyros Diospyros NNP 20467 171 60 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 171 61 . . . 20467 172 1 L. L. NNP 20467 172 2 161 161 CD 20467 172 3 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 172 4 palustris palustri NNS 20467 172 5 , , , 20467 172 6 Du Du NNP 20467 172 7 Roi Roi NNP 20467 172 8 92 92 CD 20467 172 9 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 172 10 stellata stellata NN 20467 172 11 . . . 20467 173 1 Wang Wang NNP 20467 173 2 77 77 CD 20467 173 3 SARGENT SARGENT NNP 20467 173 4 , , , 20467 173 5 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 20467 173 6 S. S. NNP 20467 173 7 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 173 8 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 173 9 , , , 20467 173 10 L. L. NNP 20467 173 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 173 12 _ _ NNP 20467 173 13 Botanical Botanical NNP 20467 173 14 Gazette Gazette NNP 20467 173 15 _ _ NNP 20467 173 16 , , , 20467 173 17 XXXI XXXI NNP 20467 173 18 , , , 20467 173 19 12 12 CD 20467 173 20 , , , 20467 173 21 1901 1901 CD 20467 173 22 , , , 20467 173 23 by by IN 20467 173 24 permission permission NN 20467 173 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 173 26 119 119 CD 20467 173 27 Cratægus cratægus JJ 20467 173 28 mollis molli NNS 20467 173 29 , , , 20467 173 30 Scheele Scheele NNP 20467 173 31 ( ( -LRB- 20467 173 32 _ _ NNP 20467 173 33 Botanical Botanical NNP 20467 173 34 Gazette Gazette NNP 20467 173 35 _ _ NNP 20467 173 36 . . . 20467 174 1 XXXI XXXI NNP 20467 174 2 , , , 20467 174 3 7 7 CD 20467 174 4 , , , 20467 174 5 223 223 CD 20467 174 6 , , , 20467 174 7 1901 1901 CD 20467 174 8 ) ) -RRB- 20467 174 9 121 121 CD 20467 174 10 SETCHELL SETCHELL NNP 20467 174 11 , , , 20467 174 12 W. W. NNP 20467 174 13 A. A. NNP 20467 174 14 Populus Populus NNP 20467 174 15 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 174 16 . . . 20467 175 1 L. L. NNP 20467 175 2 33 33 CD 20467 175 3 STONE STONE NNP 20467 175 4 , , , 20467 175 5 W. W. NNP 20467 175 6 E. E. NNP 20467 175 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 175 8 palustris palustris NNP 20467 175 9 . . . 20467 176 1 Du Du NNP 20467 176 2 Roi Roi NNP 20467 176 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 176 4 _ _ NNP 20467 176 5 Bull Bull NNP 20467 176 6 . . . 20467 177 1 Torr Torr NNP 20467 177 2 . . . 20467 178 1 Club Club NNP 20467 178 2 _ _ NNP 20467 178 3 , , , 20467 178 4 IX IX NNP 20467 178 5 , , , 20467 178 6 57 57 CD 20467 178 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 178 8 91 91 CD 20467 178 9 SWAN SWAN NNP 20467 178 10 , , , 20467 178 11 DR DR NNP 20467 178 12 . . . 20467 178 13 C. C. NNP 20467 178 14 W. W. NNP 20467 178 15 vi vi NNP 20467 178 16 TERRY TERRY NNP 20467 178 17 , , , 20467 178 18 MRS MRS NNP 20467 178 19 . . . 20467 178 20 EMILY EMILY NNP 20467 178 21 H. H. NNP 20467 178 22 Picea Picea NNP 20467 178 23 alba alba VBZ 20467 178 24 . . . 20467 179 1 Link Link NNP 20467 179 2 17 17 CD 20467 179 3 TRELEASE TRELEASE NNS 20467 179 4 , , , 20467 179 5 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 20467 179 6 Acer Acer NNP 20467 179 7 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 179 8 , , , 20467 179 9 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 179 10 . . . 20467 179 11 , , , 20467 179 12 _ _ NNP 20467 179 13 var var NN 20467 179 14 . . . 20467 179 15 _ _ NNP 20467 179 16 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 179 17 172 172 CD 20467 179 18 TUCKERMAN TUCKERMAN NNS 20467 179 19 , , , 20467 179 20 EDWARD EDWARD NNP 20467 179 21 Betula Betula NNP 20467 179 22 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 179 23 , , , 20467 179 24 _ _ NNP 20467 179 25 var var NN 20467 179 26 . . . 20467 179 27 _ _ NNP 20467 179 28 minor minor JJ 20467 179 29 , , , 20467 179 30 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 179 31 . . . 20467 180 1 68 68 CD 20467 180 2 WAGHORNE WAGHORNE NNP 20467 180 3 , , , 20467 180 4 A. a. NN 20467 180 5 C. C. NNP 20467 180 6 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 180 7 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 180 8 , , , 20467 180 9 L. L. NNP 20467 180 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 180 11 1894 1894 CD 20467 180 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 180 13 119 119 CD 20467 180 14 ABBREVIATIONS abbreviation NNS 20467 180 15 . . . 20467 181 1 Ait.--Aiton Ait.--Aiton NNP 20467 181 2 , , , 20467 181 3 William William NNP 20467 181 4 . . . 20467 182 1 Barratt Barratt NNP 20467 182 2 , , , 20467 182 3 Joseph Joseph NNP 20467 182 4 . . . 20467 183 1 B. B. NNP 20467 183 2 S. S. NNP 20467 183 3 P.--Britton p.--britton CD 20467 183 4 , , , 20467 183 5 Nathaniel Nathaniel NNP 20467 183 6 Lord Lord NNP 20467 183 7 , , , 20467 183 8 Sterns Sterns NNP 20467 183 9 , , , 20467 183 10 E. E. NNP 20467 183 11 E. E. NNP 20467 183 12 , , , 20467 183 13 and and CC 20467 183 14 Poggenburg Poggenburg NNP 20467 183 15 , , , 20467 183 16 Justus Justus NNP 20467 183 17 F. F. NNP 20467 184 1 Borkh.--Borkhausen Borkh.--Borkhausen NNP 20467 184 2 , , , 20467 184 3 M. M. NNP 20467 184 4 B. B. NNP 20467 185 1 Carr.--Carrière Carr.--Carrière NNP 20467 185 2 , , , 20467 185 3 Éli Éli NNP 20467 185 4 Abel Abel NNP 20467 185 5 . . . 20467 186 1 Cham.--Chamisso Cham.--Chamisso NNP 20467 186 2 , , , 20467 186 3 Adelbert Adelbert NNP 20467 186 4 von von NNP 20467 186 5 . . . 20467 187 1 Coulter Coulter NNP 20467 187 2 , , , 20467 187 3 John John NNP 20467 187 4 Merle Merle NNP 20467 187 5 . . . 20467 188 1 DC.--De DC.--De NNP 20467 188 2 Candolle Candolle NNP 20467 188 3 , , , 20467 188 4 Augustin Augustin NNP 20467 188 5 Pyramus Pyramus NNP 20467 188 6 . . . 20467 189 1 Desf.--Desfontaines Desf.--Desfontaines NNP 20467 189 2 , , , 20467 189 3 René René NNP 20467 189 4 Louiche Louiche NNP 20467 189 5 . . . 20467 190 1 Du Du NNP 20467 190 2 Roi Roi NNP 20467 190 3 , , , 20467 190 4 Johann Johann NNP 20467 190 5 Philip Philip NNP 20467 190 6 . . . 20467 191 1 Ehrh.--Ehrhart ehrh.--ehrhart RB 20467 191 2 , , , 20467 191 3 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 20467 191 4 . . . 20467 192 1 Engelm.--Engelmann Engelm.--Engelmann NNP 20467 192 2 , , , 20467 192 3 George George NNP 20467 192 4 . . . 20467 193 1 Gray Gray NNP 20467 193 2 , , , 20467 193 3 Asa Asa NNP 20467 193 4 . . . 20467 194 1 Jacq.--Jacquin Jacq.--Jacquin NNP 20467 194 2 , , , 20467 194 3 Nicholaus Nicholaus NNP 20467 194 4 Joseph Joseph NNP 20467 194 5 . . . 20467 195 1 Karst.--Karsten Karst.--Karsten NNP 20467 195 2 , , , 20467 195 3 Hermann Hermann NNP 20467 195 4 Gustav Gustav NNP 20467 195 5 Karl Karl NNP 20467 195 6 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP 20467 195 7 . . . 20467 196 1 Koch Koch NNP 20467 196 2 , , , 20467 196 3 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP 20467 196 4 Daniel Daniel NNP 20467 196 5 Joseph Joseph NNP 20467 196 6 . . . 20467 197 1 L.--Linnæus L.--Linnæus NNP 20467 197 2 , , , 20467 197 3 Carolus Carolus NNP 20467 197 4 . . . 20467 198 1 L. L. NNP 20467 198 2 f.--Linnæus f.--Linnæus NNP 20467 198 3 , , , 20467 198 4 fils fil VBZ 20467 198 5 , , , 20467 198 6 Carl Carl NNP 20467 198 7 von von NNP 20467 198 8 . . . 20467 199 1 Lam.--Lamarck Lam.--Lamarck NNP 20467 199 2 , , , 20467 199 3 J. J. NNP 20467 200 1 B. B. NNP 20467 200 2 P. P. NNP 20467 200 3 A. A. NNP 20467 200 4 de de FW 20467 200 5 Monet Monet NNP 20467 200 6 . . . 20467 201 1 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 201 2 , , , 20467 201 3 Aylmer Aylmer NNP 20467 201 4 Bourke Bourke NNP 20467 201 5 . . . 20467 202 1 Link Link NNP 20467 202 2 , , , 20467 202 3 Heinrich Heinrich NNP 20467 202 4 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 20467 202 5 . . . 20467 203 1 Marsh.--Marshall marsh.--marshall UH 20467 203 2 , , , 20467 203 3 Humphrey Humphrey NNP 20467 203 4 . . . 20467 204 1 Medic.--Medicus medic.--medicus LS 20467 204 2 , , , 20467 204 3 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 20467 204 4 Casimir Casimir NNP 20467 204 5 . . . 20467 205 1 Michx.--Michaux michx.--michaux LS 20467 205 2 , , , 20467 205 3 André André NNP 20467 205 4 . . . 20467 206 1 Michaux michaux NN 20467 206 2 , , , 20467 206 3 fils.--François fils.--François NNP 20467 206 4 André andré UH 20467 206 5 . . . 20467 207 1 Mill.--Miller Mill.--Miller NNP 20467 207 2 , , , 20467 207 3 Philip Philip NNP 20467 207 4 . . . 20467 208 1 Moench Moench NNP 20467 208 2 , , , 20467 208 3 Konrad Konrad NNP 20467 208 4 . . . 20467 209 1 Muhl.--Muhlenberg Muhl.--Muhlenberg NNP 20467 209 2 , , , 20467 209 3 H. H. NNP 20467 209 4 Ernst Ernst NNP 20467 209 5 . . . 20467 210 1 Nees nee NNS 20467 210 2 -- -- : 20467 210 3 Nees Nees NNPS 20467 210 4 von von NNP 20467 210 5 Esenbeck Esenbeck NNP 20467 210 6 , , , 20467 210 7 C. C. NNP 20467 210 8 G. G. NNP 20467 211 1 Nutt.--Nuttall nutt.--nuttall UH 20467 211 2 , , , 20467 211 3 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 211 4 . . . 20467 212 1 Peck Peck NNP 20467 212 2 , , , 20467 212 3 Charles Charles NNP 20467 212 4 H. H. NNP 20467 212 5 Poggenburg Poggenburg NNP 20467 212 6 , , , 20467 212 7 Justus Justus NNP 20467 212 8 F. F. NNP 20467 212 9 Pursh Pursh NNP 20467 212 10 , , , 20467 212 11 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 20467 212 12 Trangott Trangott NNP 20467 212 13 . . . 20467 213 1 Roem.--Roemer Roem.--Roemer NNP 20467 213 2 , , , 20467 213 3 Johann Johann NNP 20467 213 4 Jacob Jacob NNP 20467 213 5 . . . 20467 214 1 Sarg.--Sargent Sarg.--Sargent NNP 20467 214 2 , , , 20467 214 3 Charles Charles NNP 20467 214 4 S. S. NNP 20467 214 5 Scheele Scheele NNP 20467 214 6 , , , 20467 214 7 A. a. NN 20467 214 8 Schlecht Schlecht NNP 20467 214 9 -- -- : 20467 214 10 Schlechtendal Schlechtendal NNP 20467 214 11 , , , 20467 214 12 D. D. NNP 20467 214 13 F. F. NNP 20467 214 14 L. L. NNP 20467 214 15 von von NNP 20467 214 16 . . . 20467 215 1 Schr.--Schrader Schr.--Schrader NNP 20467 215 2 , , , 20467 215 3 Heinrich Heinrich NNP 20467 215 4 A. A. NNP 20467 215 5 Spach Spach NNP 20467 215 6 , , , 20467 215 7 Eduard Eduard NNP 20467 215 8 . . . 20467 216 1 Sterns Sterns NNP 20467 216 2 , , , 20467 216 3 E. E. NNP 20467 216 4 E. E. NNP 20467 217 1 Sudw.--Sudworth Sudw.--Sudworth NNP 20467 217 2 , , , 20467 217 3 George George NNP 20467 217 4 B. B. NNP 20467 218 1 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 218 2 , , , 20467 218 3 Robert Robert NNP 20467 218 4 . . . 20467 219 1 T. t. NN 20467 219 2 and and CC 20467 219 3 G.--Torrey g.--torrey XX 20467 219 4 , , , 20467 219 5 John John NNP 20467 219 6 , , , 20467 219 7 and and CC 20467 219 8 Gray Gray NNP 20467 219 9 , , , 20467 219 10 Asa Asa NNP 20467 219 11 . . . 20467 220 1 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 220 2 , , , 20467 220 3 David David NNP 20467 220 4 . . . 20467 221 1 Vent.--Ventenat Vent.--Ventenat NNP 20467 221 2 , , , 20467 221 3 Étienne Étienne NNP 20467 221 4 Pierre Pierre NNP 20467 221 5 . . . 20467 222 1 Walt.--Walter Walt.--Walter NNP 20467 222 2 , , , 20467 222 3 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 222 4 . . . 20467 223 1 Wang.--Wangenheim Wang.--Wangenheim NNP 20467 223 2 , , , 20467 223 3 F. F. NNP 20467 223 4 A. a. NN 20467 223 5 J. J. NNP 20467 223 6 von von NNP 20467 223 7 . . . 20467 224 1 Watson Watson NNP 20467 224 2 , , , 20467 224 3 Sereno Sereno NNP 20467 224 4 . . . 20467 225 1 Waugh Waugh NNP 20467 225 2 , , , 20467 225 3 Frank Frank NNP 20467 225 4 A. A. NNP 20467 226 1 Willd.--Willdenow willd.--willdenow UH 20467 226 2 , , , 20467 226 3 Carl Carl NNP 20467 226 4 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 20467 226 5 . . . 20467 227 1 TREES trees NN 20467 227 2 OF of IN 20467 227 3 NEW NEW NNP 20467 227 4 ENGLAND ENGLAND NNP 20467 227 5 . . . 20467 228 1 PINOIDEÆ PINOIDEÆ NNP 20467 228 2 . . . 20467 229 1 PINE PINE NNP 20467 229 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 229 3 . . . 20467 230 1 CONIFERS conifer NNS 20467 230 2 . . . 20467 231 1 ABIETACEÆ ABIETACEÆ NNS 20467 231 2 . . . 20467 232 1 CUPRESSACEÆ CUPRESSACEÆ NNP 20467 232 2 . . . 20467 233 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 233 2 or or CC 20467 233 3 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 233 4 , , , 20467 233 5 resinous resinous JJ 20467 233 6 ; ; : 20467 233 7 leaves leave VBZ 20467 233 8 simple simple JJ 20467 233 9 , , , 20467 233 10 mostly mostly RB 20467 233 11 evergreen evergreen JJ 20467 233 12 , , , 20467 233 13 relatively relatively RB 20467 233 14 small small JJ 20467 233 15 , , , 20467 233 16 entire entire JJ 20467 233 17 , , , 20467 233 18 needle needle NN 20467 233 19 - - HYPH 20467 233 20 shaped shaped JJ 20467 233 21 , , , 20467 233 22 awl awl NN 20467 233 23 - - HYPH 20467 233 24 shaped shaped JJ 20467 233 25 , , , 20467 233 26 linear linear JJ 20467 233 27 , , , 20467 233 28 or or CC 20467 233 29 scale scale NN 20467 233 30 - - HYPH 20467 233 31 like like JJ 20467 233 32 ; ; : 20467 233 33 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 233 34 none none NN 20467 233 35 ; ; : 20467 233 36 flowers flower NNS 20467 233 37 catkin catkin JJ 20467 233 38 - - HYPH 20467 233 39 like like JJ 20467 233 40 ; ; : 20467 233 41 calyx calyx NN 20467 233 42 none none NN 20467 233 43 ; ; : 20467 233 44 corolla corolla NNP 20467 233 45 none none NN 20467 233 46 ; ; : 20467 233 47 ovary ovary JJ 20467 233 48 represented represent VBN 20467 233 49 by by IN 20467 233 50 a a DT 20467 233 51 scale scale NN 20467 233 52 ( ( -LRB- 20467 233 53 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 233 54 scale scale NN 20467 233 55 ) ) -RRB- 20467 233 56 bearing bear VBG 20467 233 57 the the DT 20467 233 58 naked naked JJ 20467 233 59 ovules ovule NNS 20467 233 60 on on IN 20467 233 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 233 62 surface surface NN 20467 233 63 . . . 20467 234 1 ABIETACEÆ ABIETACEÆ NNS 20467 234 2 . . . 20467 235 1 LARIX LARIX NNP 20467 235 2 . . . 20467 236 1 PINUS PINUS NNP 20467 236 2 . . . 20467 237 1 PICEA PICEA NNP 20467 237 2 . . . 20467 238 1 TSUGA TSUGA NNP 20467 238 2 . . . 20467 239 1 ABIES abie NNS 20467 239 2 . . . 20467 240 1 Buds bud NNS 20467 240 2 scaly scaly NNS 20467 240 3 ; ; : 20467 240 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 240 5 evergreen evergreen JJ 20467 240 6 and and CC 20467 240 7 persistent persistent JJ 20467 240 8 for for IN 20467 240 9 several several JJ 20467 240 10 years year NNS 20467 240 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 240 12 except except IN 20467 240 13 in in IN 20467 240 14 _ _ NNP 20467 240 15 Larix Larix NNP 20467 240 16 _ _ NNP 20467 240 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 240 18 , , , 20467 240 19 scattered scatter VBN 20467 240 20 along along IN 20467 240 21 the the DT 20467 240 22 twigs twig NNS 20467 240 23 , , , 20467 240 24 spirally spirally RB 20467 240 25 arranged arrange VBN 20467 240 26 or or CC 20467 240 27 tufted tufte VBN 20467 240 28 , , , 20467 240 29 linear linear JJ 20467 240 30 , , , 20467 240 31 needle needle NN 20467 240 32 - - HYPH 20467 240 33 shaped shape VBN 20467 240 34 , , , 20467 240 35 or or CC 20467 240 36 scale scale NN 20467 240 37 - - HYPH 20467 240 38 like like JJ 20467 240 39 ; ; : 20467 240 40 sterile sterile JJ 20467 240 41 and and CC 20467 240 42 fertile fertile JJ 20467 240 43 flowers flower NNS 20467 240 44 separate separate JJ 20467 240 45 upon upon IN 20467 240 46 the the DT 20467 240 47 same same JJ 20467 240 48 plant plant NN 20467 240 49 ; ; , 20467 240 50 stamens stamens NNP 20467 240 51 ( ( -LRB- 20467 240 52 subtended subtend VBN 20467 240 53 by by IN 20467 240 54 scales scale NNS 20467 240 55 ) ) -RRB- 20467 240 56 spirally spirally RB 20467 240 57 arranged arrange VBN 20467 240 58 upon upon IN 20467 240 59 a a DT 20467 240 60 central central JJ 20467 240 61 axis axis NN 20467 240 62 , , , 20467 240 63 each each DT 20467 240 64 bearing bear VBG 20467 240 65 two two CD 20467 240 66 pollen pollen NN 20467 240 67 - - HYPH 20467 240 68 sacs sacs NN 20467 240 69 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 240 70 by by IN 20467 240 71 a a DT 20467 240 72 broad broad RB 20467 240 73 - - HYPH 20467 240 74 toothed toothed JJ 20467 240 75 connective connective NN 20467 240 76 ; ; : 20467 240 77 fertile fertile JJ 20467 240 78 flowers flower NNS 20467 240 79 composed compose VBN 20467 240 80 of of IN 20467 240 81 spirally spirally RB 20467 240 82 arranged arrange VBN 20467 240 83 bracts bract NNS 20467 240 84 or or CC 20467 240 85 cover cover NN 20467 240 86 - - HYPH 20467 240 87 scales scale NNS 20467 240 88 , , , 20467 240 89 each each DT 20467 240 90 bract bract NN 20467 240 91 subtending subtend VBG 20467 240 92 an an DT 20467 240 93 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 240 94 scale scale NN 20467 240 95 ; ; : 20467 240 96 cover cover NN 20467 240 97 - - HYPH 20467 240 98 scale scale NN 20467 240 99 and and CC 20467 240 100 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 240 101 scale scale NN 20467 240 102 attached attach VBN 20467 240 103 at at IN 20467 240 104 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 240 105 bases basis NNS 20467 240 106 ; ; : 20467 240 107 cover cover NN 20467 240 108 - - HYPH 20467 240 109 scale scale NN 20467 240 110 usually usually RB 20467 240 111 remaining remain VBG 20467 240 112 small small JJ 20467 240 113 , , , 20467 240 114 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 240 115 scale scale NN 20467 240 116 enlarging enlarging NN 20467 240 117 , , , 20467 240 118 especially especially RB 20467 240 119 after after IN 20467 240 120 fertilization fertilization NN 20467 240 121 , , , 20467 240 122 gradually gradually RB 20467 240 123 becoming become VBG 20467 240 124 woody woody NN 20467 240 125 or or CC 20467 240 126 leathery leathery NN 20467 240 127 and and CC 20467 240 128 bearing bear VBG 20467 240 129 two two CD 20467 240 130 ovules ovule NNS 20467 240 131 at at IN 20467 240 132 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 240 133 base base NN 20467 240 134 ; ; : 20467 240 135 cones cone NNS 20467 240 136 maturing mature VBG 20467 240 137 ( ( -LRB- 20467 240 138 except except IN 20467 240 139 in in IN 20467 240 140 _ _ NNP 20467 240 141 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 240 142 _ _ NNP 20467 240 143 ) ) -RRB- 20467 240 144 the the DT 20467 240 145 first first JJ 20467 240 146 year year NN 20467 240 147 ; ; , 20467 240 148 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 240 149 scales scale NNS 20467 240 150 in in IN 20467 240 151 fruit fruit NN 20467 240 152 usually usually RB 20467 240 153 known know VBN 20467 240 154 as as IN 20467 240 155 cone cone NN 20467 240 156 - - HYPH 20467 240 157 scales scale NNS 20467 240 158 ; ; : 20467 240 159 seeds seed NNS 20467 240 160 winged wing VBD 20467 240 161 ; ; : 20467 240 162 roots root NNS 20467 240 163 mostly mostly RB 20467 240 164 spreading spread VBG 20467 240 165 horizontally horizontally RB 20467 240 166 at at IN 20467 240 167 a a DT 20467 240 168 short short JJ 20467 240 169 distance distance NN 20467 240 170 below below IN 20467 240 171 the the DT 20467 240 172 surface surface NN 20467 240 173 . . . 20467 241 1 CUPRESSACEÆ CUPRESSACEÆ NNP 20467 241 2 . . . 20467 242 1 THUJA THUJA NNP 20467 242 2 . . . 20467 243 1 CUPRESSUS CUPRESSUS NNP 20467 243 2 . . . 20467 244 1 JUNIPERUS JUNIPERUS NNP 20467 244 2 . . . 20467 245 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 245 2 - - HYPH 20467 245 3 buds bud NNS 20467 245 4 not not RB 20467 245 5 scaly scaly NNS 20467 245 6 ; ; : 20467 245 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 245 8 evergreen evergreen JJ 20467 245 9 and and CC 20467 245 10 persistent persistent JJ 20467 245 11 for for IN 20467 245 12 several several JJ 20467 245 13 years year NNS 20467 245 14 , , , 20467 245 15 opposite opposite JJ 20467 245 16 , , , 20467 245 17 verticillate verticillate NN 20467 245 18 , , , 20467 245 19 or or CC 20467 245 20 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 245 21 scattered scatter VBN 20467 245 22 , , , 20467 245 23 scale scale NN 20467 245 24 - - HYPH 20467 245 25 like like JJ 20467 245 26 , , , 20467 245 27 often often RB 20467 245 28 needle needle NN 20467 245 29 - - HYPH 20467 245 30 shaped shape VBN 20467 245 31 in in IN 20467 245 32 seedlings seedling NNS 20467 245 33 and and CC 20467 245 34 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 245 35 upon upon IN 20467 245 36 the the DT 20467 245 37 branches branch NNS 20467 245 38 of of IN 20467 245 39 older old JJR 20467 245 40 plants plant NNS 20467 245 41 ; ; : 20467 245 42 flowers flower NNS 20467 245 43 minute minute VBP 20467 245 44 ; ; , 20467 245 45 stamens stamen NNS 20467 245 46 and and CC 20467 245 47 pistils pistil NNS 20467 245 48 in in IN 20467 245 49 separate separate JJ 20467 245 50 blossoms blossom NNS 20467 245 51 upon upon IN 20467 245 52 the the DT 20467 245 53 same same JJ 20467 245 54 plant plant NN 20467 245 55 or or CC 20467 245 56 upon upon IN 20467 245 57 different different JJ 20467 245 58 plants plant NNS 20467 245 59 ; ; , 20467 245 60 stamens stamen NNS 20467 245 61 usually usually RB 20467 245 62 bearing bear VBG 20467 245 63 3 3 CD 20467 245 64 - - SYM 20467 245 65 5 5 CD 20467 245 66 pollen pollen NN 20467 245 67 - - HYPH 20467 245 68 sacs sacs NN 20467 245 69 on on IN 20467 245 70 the the DT 20467 245 71 underside underside NN 20467 245 72 ; ; : 20467 245 73 scales scale NNS 20467 245 74 of of IN 20467 245 75 fertile fertile JJ 20467 245 76 aments ament NNS 20467 245 77 few few JJ 20467 245 78 , , , 20467 245 79 opposite opposite JJ 20467 245 80 or or CC 20467 245 81 ternate ternate VB 20467 245 82 ; ; : 20467 245 83 fruit fruit NN 20467 245 84 small small JJ 20467 245 85 cones cone NNS 20467 245 86 , , , 20467 245 87 or or CC 20467 245 88 berries berry NNS 20467 245 89 formed form VBN 20467 245 90 by by IN 20467 245 91 coalescence coalescence NN 20467 245 92 of of IN 20467 245 93 the the DT 20467 245 94 fleshy fleshy NNP 20467 245 95 cone cone NN 20467 245 96 - - HYPH 20467 245 97 scales scale NNS 20467 245 98 ; ; : 20467 245 99 otherwise otherwise RB 20467 245 100 as as IN 20467 245 101 in in IN 20467 245 102 _ _ NNP 20467 245 103 Abietaceæ Abietaceæ NNP 20467 245 104 _ _ NNP 20467 245 105 . . . 20467 246 1 Larix Larix NNP 20467 246 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 246 3 , , , 20467 246 4 Michx Michx NNP 20467 246 5 . . . 20467 247 1 _ _ NNP 20467 247 2 Larix Larix NNP 20467 247 3 laricina laricina NN 20467 247 4 , , , 20467 247 5 Koch Koch NNP 20467 247 6 . . . 20467 247 7 _ _ NNP 20467 247 8 TAMARACK TAMARACK NNP 20467 247 9 . . . 20467 248 1 HACMATACK HACMATACK NNS 20467 248 2 . . . 20467 249 1 LARCH LARCH NNS 20467 249 2 . . . 20467 250 1 JUNIPER JUNIPER NNP 20467 250 2 . . . 20467 251 1 = = NFP 20467 251 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 251 3 and and CC 20467 251 4 Range.=--Low Range.=--Low NNP 20467 251 5 lands land NNS 20467 251 6 , , , 20467 251 7 shaded shade VBD 20467 251 8 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 251 9 , , , 20467 251 10 borders border NNS 20467 251 11 of of IN 20467 251 12 ponds pond NNS 20467 251 13 ; ; : 20467 251 14 in in IN 20467 251 15 New New NNP 20467 251 16 England England NNP 20467 251 17 preferring prefer VBG 20467 251 18 cold cold JJ 20467 251 19 swamps swamp NNS 20467 251 20 ; ; : 20467 251 21 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 251 22 far far RB 20467 251 23 up up IN 20467 251 24 mountain mountain NN 20467 251 25 slopes slope NNS 20467 251 26 . . . 20467 252 1 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 252 2 , , , 20467 252 3 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 252 4 , , , 20467 252 5 and and CC 20467 252 6 Nova Nova NNP 20467 252 7 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 252 8 , , , 20467 252 9 west west NN 20467 252 10 to to IN 20467 252 11 the the DT 20467 252 12 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 252 13 mountains mountain NNS 20467 252 14 ; ; : 20467 252 15 from from IN 20467 252 16 the the DT 20467 252 17 Rockies Rockies NNPS 20467 252 18 through through IN 20467 252 19 British British NNP 20467 252 20 Columbia Columbia NNP 20467 252 21 , , , 20467 252 22 northward northward RB 20467 252 23 along along IN 20467 252 24 the the DT 20467 252 25 Yukon Yukon NNP 20467 252 26 and and CC 20467 252 27 Mackenzie Mackenzie NNP 20467 252 28 systems system NNS 20467 252 29 , , , 20467 252 30 to to IN 20467 252 31 the the DT 20467 252 32 limit limit NN 20467 252 33 of of IN 20467 252 34 tree tree NN 20467 252 35 growth growth NN 20467 252 36 beyond beyond IN 20467 252 37 the the DT 20467 252 38 Arctic Arctic NNP 20467 252 39 circle circle NN 20467 252 40 . . . 20467 253 1 Maine Maine NNP 20467 253 2 , , , 20467 253 3 New New NNP 20467 253 4 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 253 5 , , , 20467 253 6 and and CC 20467 253 7 Vermont,--abundant Vermont,--abundant NNP 20467 253 8 , , , 20467 253 9 filling fill VBG 20467 253 10 swamps swamp NNS 20467 253 11 acres acre NNS 20467 253 12 in in IN 20467 253 13 extent extent NN 20467 253 14 , , , 20467 253 15 alone alone RB 20467 253 16 or or CC 20467 253 17 associated associate VBN 20467 253 18 with with IN 20467 253 19 other other JJ 20467 253 20 trees tree NNS 20467 253 21 , , , 20467 253 22 mostly mostly RB 20467 253 23 black black JJ 20467 253 24 spruce spruce NN 20467 253 25 ; ; : 20467 253 26 growing grow VBG 20467 253 27 depressed depress VBN 20467 253 28 and and CC 20467 253 29 scattered scatter VBN 20467 253 30 on on IN 20467 253 31 Katahdin Katahdin NNP 20467 253 32 at at IN 20467 253 33 an an DT 20467 253 34 altitude altitude NN 20467 253 35 of of IN 20467 253 36 4000 4000 CD 20467 253 37 feet foot NNS 20467 253 38 ; ; : 20467 253 39 Massachusetts,--rather massachusetts,--rather WRB 20467 253 40 common common JJ 20467 253 41 , , , 20467 253 42 at at IN 20467 253 43 least least JJS 20467 253 44 northward northward RB 20467 253 45 ; ; : 20467 253 46 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 253 47 Island,--not Island,--not NNP 20467 253 48 reported report VBD 20467 253 49 ; ; : 20467 253 50 Connecticut,--occasional Connecticut,--occasional NNP 20467 253 51 in in IN 20467 253 52 the the DT 20467 253 53 northern northern JJ 20467 253 54 half half NN 20467 253 55 of of IN 20467 253 56 the the DT 20467 253 57 state state NN 20467 253 58 ; ; : 20467 253 59 reported report VBN 20467 253 60 as as IN 20467 253 61 far far RB 20467 253 62 south south RB 20467 253 63 as as IN 20467 253 64 Danbury Danbury NNP 20467 253 65 ( ( -LRB- 20467 253 66 Fairfield Fairfield NNP 20467 253 67 county county NN 20467 253 68 ) ) -RRB- 20467 253 69 . . . 20467 254 1 South south RB 20467 254 2 along along IN 20467 254 3 the the DT 20467 254 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 254 5 to to IN 20467 254 6 New New NNP 20467 254 7 Jersey Jersey NNP 20467 254 8 and and CC 20467 254 9 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 254 10 ; ; : 20467 254 11 west west NN 20467 254 12 to to IN 20467 254 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 254 14 . . . 20467 255 1 = = NFP 20467 255 2 Habit.=--The habit.=--the NN 20467 255 3 only only RB 20467 255 4 New New NNP 20467 255 5 England England NNP 20467 255 6 conifer conifer NN 20467 255 7 that that WDT 20467 255 8 drops drop VBZ 20467 255 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 255 10 leaves leave NNS 20467 255 11 in in IN 20467 255 12 the the DT 20467 255 13 fall fall NN 20467 255 14 ; ; : 20467 255 15 a a DT 20467 255 16 tree tree NN 20467 255 17 30 30 CD 20467 255 18 - - SYM 20467 255 19 70 70 CD 20467 255 20 feet foot NNS 20467 255 21 high high JJ 20467 255 22 , , , 20467 255 23 reduced reduce VBN 20467 255 24 at at IN 20467 255 25 great great JJ 20467 255 26 elevations elevation NNS 20467 255 27 to to IN 20467 255 28 a a DT 20467 255 29 height height NN 20467 255 30 of of IN 20467 255 31 1 1 CD 20467 255 32 - - SYM 20467 255 33 2 2 CD 20467 255 34 feet foot NNS 20467 255 35 , , , 20467 255 36 or or CC 20467 255 37 to to IN 20467 255 38 a a DT 20467 255 39 shrub shrub NN 20467 255 40 ; ; : 20467 255 41 trunk trunk NN 20467 255 42 1 1 CD 20467 255 43 - - SYM 20467 255 44 3 3 CD 20467 255 45 feet foot NNS 20467 255 46 in in IN 20467 255 47 diameter diameter NN 20467 255 48 , , , 20467 255 49 straight straight RB 20467 255 50 , , , 20467 255 51 slender slender NN 20467 255 52 ; ; , 20467 255 53 branches branch NNS 20467 255 54 very very RB 20467 255 55 irregular irregular JJ 20467 255 56 or or CC 20467 255 57 in in IN 20467 255 58 indistinct indistinct JJ 20467 255 59 whorls whorls NN 20467 255 60 , , , 20467 255 61 for for IN 20467 255 62 the the DT 20467 255 63 most most JJS 20467 255 64 part part NN 20467 255 65 nearly nearly RB 20467 255 66 horizontal horizontal RB 20467 255 67 ; ; : 20467 255 68 often often RB 20467 255 69 ending end VBG 20467 255 70 in in IN 20467 255 71 long long JJ 20467 255 72 spire spire NN 20467 255 73 - - HYPH 20467 255 74 like like JJ 20467 255 75 shoots shoot NNS 20467 255 76 ; ; : 20467 255 77 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 255 78 numerous numerous JJ 20467 255 79 , , , 20467 255 80 head head NN 20467 255 81 conical conical JJ 20467 255 82 , , , 20467 255 83 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 255 84 while while IN 20467 255 85 the the DT 20467 255 86 tree tree NN 20467 255 87 is be VBZ 20467 255 88 young young JJ 20467 255 89 , , , 20467 255 90 especially especially RB 20467 255 91 when when WRB 20467 255 92 growing grow VBG 20467 255 93 in in IN 20467 255 94 open open JJ 20467 255 95 swamps swamp NNS 20467 255 96 ; ; : 20467 255 97 when when WRB 20467 255 98 old old JJ 20467 255 99 extremely extremely RB 20467 255 100 variable variable JJ 20467 255 101 , , , 20467 255 102 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 255 103 with with IN 20467 255 104 contorted contorted JJ 20467 255 105 or or CC 20467 255 106 drooping droop VBG 20467 255 107 limbs limb NNS 20467 255 108 ; ; : 20467 255 109 foliage foliage VB 20467 255 110 pale pale JJ 20467 255 111 green green JJ 20467 255 112 , , , 20467 255 113 turning turn VBG 20467 255 114 to to IN 20467 255 115 a a DT 20467 255 116 dull dull JJ 20467 255 117 yellow yellow NN 20467 255 118 in in IN 20467 255 119 autumn autumn NN 20467 255 120 . . . 20467 256 1 = = NFP 20467 256 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 256 3 of of IN 20467 256 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 256 5 reddish reddish NNP 20467 256 6 or or CC 20467 256 7 grayish grayish NN 20467 256 8 brown brown NNP 20467 256 9 , , , 20467 256 10 separating separate VBG 20467 256 11 at at IN 20467 256 12 the the DT 20467 256 13 surface surface NN 20467 256 14 into into IN 20467 256 15 small small JJ 20467 256 16 roundish roundish JJ 20467 256 17 scales scale NNS 20467 256 18 in in IN 20467 256 19 old old JJ 20467 256 20 trees tree NNS 20467 256 21 , , , 20467 256 22 in in IN 20467 256 23 young young JJ 20467 256 24 trees tree NNS 20467 256 25 smooth smooth VBP 20467 256 26 ; ; : 20467 256 27 season season NN 20467 256 28 's 's POS 20467 256 29 shoots shoot NNS 20467 256 30 gray gray JJ 20467 256 31 or or CC 20467 256 32 light light JJ 20467 256 33 brown brown NNP 20467 256 34 in in IN 20467 256 35 autumn autumn NN 20467 256 36 . . . 20467 257 1 = = NFP 20467 257 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 257 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 257 4 and and CC 20467 257 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 257 6 small small JJ 20467 257 7 , , , 20467 257 8 globular globular JJ 20467 257 9 , , , 20467 257 10 reddish reddish JJ 20467 257 11 . . . 20467 258 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 258 2 simple simple JJ 20467 258 3 , , , 20467 258 4 scattered scatter VBN 20467 258 5 along along IN 20467 258 6 the the DT 20467 258 7 season season NN 20467 258 8 's 's POS 20467 258 9 shoots shoot NNS 20467 258 10 , , , 20467 258 11 clustered cluster VBN 20467 258 12 on on IN 20467 258 13 the the DT 20467 258 14 short short JJ 20467 258 15 , , , 20467 258 16 thick thick JJ 20467 258 17 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 258 18 branches branch NNS 20467 258 19 , , , 20467 258 20 about about IN 20467 258 21 an an DT 20467 258 22 inch inch NN 20467 258 23 long long JJ 20467 258 24 , , , 20467 258 25 pale pale JJ 20467 258 26 green green JJ 20467 258 27 , , , 20467 258 28 needle needle NN 20467 258 29 - - HYPH 20467 258 30 shaped shaped JJ 20467 258 31 ; ; : 20467 258 32 apex apex NNP 20467 258 33 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 258 34 ; ; : 20467 258 35 sessile sessile NN 20467 258 36 . . . 20467 259 1 = = NFP 20467 259 2 Inflorescence.=--March inflorescence.=--march ADD 20467 259 3 to to IN 20467 259 4 April April NNP 20467 259 5 . . . 20467 260 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 260 2 lateral lateral JJ 20467 260 3 , , , 20467 260 4 solitary solitary JJ 20467 260 5 , , , 20467 260 6 erect erect NN 20467 260 7 ; ; : 20467 260 8 the the DT 20467 260 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 260 10 from from IN 20467 260 11 leafless leafless NN 20467 260 12 , , , 20467 260 13 the the DT 20467 260 14 fertile fertile JJ 20467 260 15 from from IN 20467 260 16 leafy leafy NNP 20467 260 17 dwarf dwarf NNP 20467 260 18 branches branch NNS 20467 260 19 ; ; , 20467 260 20 sterile sterile JJ 20467 260 21 roundish roundish NNP 20467 260 22 , , , 20467 260 23 sessile sessile NN 20467 260 24 ; ; : 20467 260 25 anthers anther NNS 20467 260 26 yellow yellow JJ 20467 260 27 : : : 20467 260 28 fertile fertile JJ 20467 260 29 oblong oblong JJ 20467 260 30 , , , 20467 260 31 short short JJ 20467 260 32 - - HYPH 20467 260 33 stalked stalk VBN 20467 260 34 ; ; : 20467 260 35 bracts bract NNS 20467 260 36 crimson crimson NNP 20467 260 37 or or CC 20467 260 38 red red NN 20467 260 39 . . . 20467 261 1 = = NFP 20467 261 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 261 3 upon upon IN 20467 261 4 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 261 5 branches branch NNS 20467 261 6 , , , 20467 261 7 erect erect NN 20467 261 8 or or CC 20467 261 9 inclining incline VBG 20467 261 10 upwards upwards RB 20467 261 11 , , , 20467 261 12 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 261 13 to to IN 20467 261 14 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 261 15 , , , 20467 261 16 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 261 17 - - SYM 20467 261 18 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 261 19 of of IN 20467 261 20 an an DT 20467 261 21 inch inch NN 20467 261 22 long long JJ 20467 261 23 , , , 20467 261 24 purplish purplish JJ 20467 261 25 or or CC 20467 261 26 reddish reddish JJ 20467 261 27 brown brown JJ 20467 261 28 while while IN 20467 261 29 growing grow VBG 20467 261 30 , , , 20467 261 31 light light JJ 20467 261 32 brown brown NNP 20467 261 33 at at IN 20467 261 34 maturity maturity NN 20467 261 35 , , , 20467 261 36 persistent persistent JJ 20467 261 37 for for IN 20467 261 38 at at IN 20467 261 39 least least JJS 20467 261 40 a a DT 20467 261 41 year year NN 20467 261 42 ; ; : 20467 261 43 scales scale VBZ 20467 261 44 thin thin JJ 20467 261 45 , , , 20467 261 46 obtuse obtuse VBP 20467 261 47 to to TO 20467 261 48 truncate truncate VB 20467 261 49 ; ; : 20467 261 50 edge edge NN 20467 261 51 entire entire JJ 20467 261 52 , , , 20467 261 53 minutely minutely RB 20467 261 54 toothed toothed JJ 20467 261 55 or or CC 20467 261 56 erose erose JJ 20467 261 57 ; ; : 20467 261 58 seeds seed NNS 20467 261 59 small small JJ 20467 261 60 , , , 20467 261 61 winged wing VBN 20467 261 62 . . . 20467 262 1 = = NFP 20467 262 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 262 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 262 4 in in IN 20467 262 5 New New NNP 20467 262 6 England England NNP 20467 262 7 ; ; : 20467 262 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 262 9 in in IN 20467 262 10 any any DT 20467 262 11 good good JJ 20467 262 12 soil soil NN 20467 262 13 , , , 20467 262 14 preferring prefer VBG 20467 262 15 moist moist JJ 20467 262 16 locations location NNS 20467 262 17 ; ; : 20467 262 18 the the DT 20467 262 19 formal formal JJ 20467 262 20 outline outline NN 20467 262 21 of of IN 20467 262 22 the the DT 20467 262 23 young young JJ 20467 262 24 trees tree NNS 20467 262 25 becomes become VBZ 20467 262 26 broken broken JJ 20467 262 27 , , , 20467 262 28 irregular irregular JJ 20467 262 29 , , , 20467 262 30 and and CC 20467 262 31 picturesque picturesque VB 20467 262 32 with with IN 20467 262 33 age age NN 20467 262 34 , , , 20467 262 35 making make VBG 20467 262 36 the the DT 20467 262 37 mature mature JJ 20467 262 38 tree tree NN 20467 262 39 much much RB 20467 262 40 more more RBR 20467 262 41 attractive attractive JJ 20467 262 42 than than IN 20467 262 43 the the DT 20467 262 44 European european JJ 20467 262 45 species specie NNS 20467 262 46 common common JJ 20467 262 47 to to IN 20467 262 48 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 262 49 . . . 20467 263 1 Rarely rarely RB 20467 263 2 for for IN 20467 263 3 sale sale NN 20467 263 4 in in IN 20467 263 5 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 263 6 , , , 20467 263 7 but but CC 20467 263 8 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 263 9 from from IN 20467 263 10 collectors collector NNS 20467 263 11 . . . 20467 264 1 To to TO 20467 264 2 be be VB 20467 264 3 successfully successfully RB 20467 264 4 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 264 5 , , , 20467 264 6 it -PRON- PRP 20467 264 7 must must MD 20467 264 8 be be VB 20467 264 9 handled handle VBN 20467 264 10 when when WRB 20467 264 11 dormant dormant JJ 20467 264 12 . . . 20467 265 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 265 2 from from IN 20467 265 3 seed seed NN 20467 265 4 . . . 20467 266 1 = = NFP 20467 266 2 Note.=--The note.=--the JJ 20467 266 3 European european JJ 20467 266 4 species specie NNS 20467 266 5 , , , 20467 266 6 with with IN 20467 266 7 which which WDT 20467 266 8 the the DT 20467 266 9 mature mature JJ 20467 266 10 plant plant NN 20467 266 11 is be VBZ 20467 266 12 often often RB 20467 266 13 confused confuse VBN 20467 266 14 , , , 20467 266 15 has have VBZ 20467 266 16 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 266 17 longer long JJR 20467 266 18 leaves leave NNS 20467 266 19 and and CC 20467 266 20 larger large JJR 20467 266 21 cones cone NNS 20467 266 22 ; ; : 20467 266 23 a a DT 20467 266 24 form form NN 20467 266 25 common common JJ 20467 266 26 in in IN 20467 266 27 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 266 28 has have VBZ 20467 266 29 long long JJ 20467 266 30 , , , 20467 266 31 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 266 32 branches branch NNS 20467 266 33 . . . 20467 267 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 267 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 267 3 : : : 20467 267 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 267 5 I.--Larix i.--larix CD 20467 267 6 Americana Americana NNP 20467 267 7 . . . 20467 267 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 268 1 1 1 LS 20467 268 2 . . . 20467 269 1 Branch branch NN 20467 269 2 with with IN 20467 269 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 269 4 and and CC 20467 269 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 269 6 flowers flower NNS 20467 269 7 . . . 20467 270 1 2 2 LS 20467 270 2 . . . 20467 271 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 271 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 271 3 . . . 20467 272 1 3 3 LS 20467 272 2 . . . 20467 273 1 Different different JJ 20467 273 2 views view NNS 20467 273 3 of of IN 20467 273 4 stamens stamen NNS 20467 273 5 . . . 20467 274 1 4 4 LS 20467 274 2 . . . 20467 275 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 275 2 scale scale NN 20467 275 3 with with IN 20467 275 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 275 5 . . . 20467 276 1 5 5 CD 20467 276 2 . . . 20467 277 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 277 2 branch branch NN 20467 277 3 . . . 20467 278 1 6 6 CD 20467 278 2 . . . 20467 279 1 Open open JJ 20467 279 2 cone cone NN 20467 279 3 . . . 20467 280 1 7 7 LS 20467 280 2 . . . 20467 281 1 Cone cone NN 20467 281 2 - - HYPH 20467 281 3 scale scale NN 20467 281 4 with with IN 20467 281 5 seeds seed NNS 20467 281 6 . . . 20467 282 1 8 8 LS 20467 282 2 . . . 20467 283 1 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 283 2 . . . 20467 284 1 9 9 CD 20467 284 2 . . . 20467 285 1 Cross cross JJ 20467 285 2 - - NN 20467 285 3 section section NN 20467 285 4 of of IN 20467 285 5 leaf leaf NN 20467 285 6 . . . 20467 286 1 PINUS PINUS NNP 20467 286 2 . . . 20467 287 1 The the DT 20467 287 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 287 3 are be VBP 20467 287 4 of of IN 20467 287 5 two two CD 20467 287 6 kinds kind NNS 20467 287 7 , , , 20467 287 8 primary primary JJ 20467 287 9 and and CC 20467 287 10 secondary secondary JJ 20467 287 11 ; ; : 20467 287 12 the the DT 20467 287 13 primary primary JJ 20467 287 14 are be VBP 20467 287 15 thin thin JJ 20467 287 16 , , , 20467 287 17 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 287 18 scales scale NNS 20467 287 19 , , , 20467 287 20 in in IN 20467 287 21 the the DT 20467 287 22 axils axil NNS 20467 287 23 of of IN 20467 287 24 which which WDT 20467 287 25 the the DT 20467 287 26 secondary secondary JJ 20467 287 27 leaf leaf NN 20467 287 28 - - HYPH 20467 287 29 buds bud NNS 20467 287 30 stand stand VBP 20467 287 31 ; ; : 20467 287 32 the the DT 20467 287 33 inner inner JJ 20467 287 34 scales scale NNS 20467 287 35 of of IN 20467 287 36 those those DT 20467 287 37 leaf leaf NN 20467 287 38 - - HYPH 20467 287 39 buds bud NNS 20467 287 40 form form VBP 20467 287 41 a a DT 20467 287 42 loose loose JJ 20467 287 43 , , , 20467 287 44 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 287 45 sheath sheath NN 20467 287 46 which which WDT 20467 287 47 encloses enclose VBZ 20467 287 48 the the DT 20467 287 49 secondary secondary JJ 20467 287 50 or or CC 20467 287 51 foliage foliage NN 20467 287 52 leaves leave NNS 20467 287 53 , , , 20467 287 54 which which WDT 20467 287 55 in in IN 20467 287 56 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 287 57 species specie NNS 20467 287 58 are be VBP 20467 287 59 all all DT 20467 287 60 minutely minutely RB 20467 287 61 serrulate serrulate JJ 20467 287 62 . . . 20467 288 1 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 288 2 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 288 3 , , , 20467 288 4 L. L. NNP 20467 288 5 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 288 6 PINE PINE NNP 20467 288 7 . . . 20467 289 1 = = NFP 20467 289 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 289 3 and and CC 20467 289 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 289 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 289 6 soils soil NNS 20467 289 7 ; ; : 20467 289 8 moist moist NN 20467 289 9 woodlands woodland NNS 20467 289 10 or or CC 20467 289 11 dry dry VB 20467 289 12 uplands upland NNS 20467 289 13 . . . 20467 290 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 290 2 and and CC 20467 290 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 290 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 290 5 , , , 20467 290 6 through through IN 20467 290 7 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 290 8 and and CC 20467 290 9 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 290 10 , , , 20467 290 11 to to IN 20467 290 12 Lake Lake NNP 20467 290 13 Winnipeg Winnipeg NNP 20467 290 14 . . . 20467 291 1 New New NNP 20467 291 2 England,--common England,--common NNP 20467 291 3 , , , 20467 291 4 from from IN 20467 291 5 the the DT 20467 291 6 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 291 7 of of IN 20467 291 8 the the DT 20467 291 9 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 291 10 to to IN 20467 291 11 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 291 12 of of IN 20467 291 13 2500 2500 CD 20467 291 14 feet foot NNS 20467 291 15 , , , 20467 291 16 forming form VBG 20467 291 17 extensive extensive JJ 20467 291 18 forests forest NNS 20467 291 19 . . . 20467 292 1 South south RB 20467 292 2 along along IN 20467 292 3 the the DT 20467 292 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 292 5 to to IN 20467 292 6 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 292 7 , , , 20467 292 8 ascending ascend VBG 20467 292 9 to to IN 20467 292 10 2500 2500 CD 20467 292 11 feet foot NNS 20467 292 12 in in IN 20467 292 13 the the DT 20467 292 14 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 20467 292 15 and and CC 20467 292 16 to to IN 20467 292 17 4300 4300 CD 20467 292 18 in in IN 20467 292 19 North North NNP 20467 292 20 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 292 21 ; ; : 20467 292 22 west west NN 20467 292 23 to to IN 20467 292 24 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 292 25 and and CC 20467 292 26 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 292 27 . . . 20467 293 1 = = NFP 20467 293 2 Habit.=--The habit.=--the UH 20467 293 3 tallest tall JJS 20467 293 4 tree tree NN 20467 293 5 and and CC 20467 293 6 the the DT 20467 293 7 stateliest stately JJS 20467 293 8 conifer conifer NN 20467 293 9 of of IN 20467 293 10 the the DT 20467 293 11 New New NNP 20467 293 12 England England NNP 20467 293 13 forest forest NN 20467 293 14 , , , 20467 293 15 ordinarily ordinarily RB 20467 293 16 from from IN 20467 293 17 50 50 CD 20467 293 18 to to TO 20467 293 19 80 80 CD 20467 293 20 feet foot NNS 20467 293 21 high high JJ 20467 293 22 and and CC 20467 293 23 2 2 CD 20467 293 24 - - SYM 20467 293 25 4 4 CD 20467 293 26 feet foot NNS 20467 293 27 in in IN 20467 293 28 diameter diameter NN 20467 293 29 at at IN 20467 293 30 the the DT 20467 293 31 ground ground NN 20467 293 32 , , , 20467 293 33 but but CC 20467 293 34 in in IN 20467 293 35 northern northern JJ 20467 293 36 New New NNP 20467 293 37 England England NNP 20467 293 38 , , , 20467 293 39 where where WRB 20467 293 40 patches patch NNS 20467 293 41 of of IN 20467 293 42 the the DT 20467 293 43 primeval primeval NN 20467 293 44 forest forest NN 20467 293 45 still still RB 20467 293 46 remain remain VBP 20467 293 47 , , , 20467 293 48 attaining attain VBG 20467 293 49 a a DT 20467 293 50 diameter diameter NN 20467 293 51 of of IN 20467 293 52 3 3 CD 20467 293 53 - - SYM 20467 293 54 7 7 CD 20467 293 55 feet foot NNS 20467 293 56 and and CC 20467 293 57 a a DT 20467 293 58 height height NN 20467 293 59 ranging range VBG 20467 293 60 from from IN 20467 293 61 100 100 CD 20467 293 62 to to TO 20467 293 63 150 150 CD 20467 293 64 feet foot NNS 20467 293 65 , , , 20467 293 66 rising rise VBG 20467 293 67 in in IN 20467 293 68 sombre sombre NNP 20467 293 69 majesty majesty NNP 20467 293 70 far far RB 20467 293 71 above above IN 20467 293 72 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 293 73 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 293 74 neighbors neighbor NNS 20467 293 75 ; ; : 20467 293 76 trunk trunk NN 20467 293 77 straight straight RB 20467 293 78 , , , 20467 293 79 tapering taper VBG 20467 293 80 very very RB 20467 293 81 gradually gradually RB 20467 293 82 ; ; : 20467 293 83 branches branch NNS 20467 293 84 nearly nearly RB 20467 293 85 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 293 86 , , , 20467 293 87 wide wide RB 20467 293 88 - - HYPH 20467 293 89 spreading spreading NN 20467 293 90 , , , 20467 293 91 in in IN 20467 293 92 young young JJ 20467 293 93 trees tree NNS 20467 293 94 in in IN 20467 293 95 whorls whorls NN 20467 293 96 usually usually RB 20467 293 97 of of IN 20467 293 98 five five CD 20467 293 99 , , , 20467 293 100 the the DT 20467 293 101 whorls whorls NN 20467 293 102 becoming become VBG 20467 293 103 more more RBR 20467 293 104 or or CC 20467 293 105 less less RBR 20467 293 106 indistinct indistinct JJ 20467 293 107 in in IN 20467 293 108 old old JJ 20467 293 109 trees tree NNS 20467 293 110 ; ; : 20467 293 111 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 293 112 and and CC 20467 293 113 season season NN 20467 293 114 's 's POS 20467 293 115 shoots shoot NNS 20467 293 116 slender slender NN 20467 293 117 ; ; : 20467 293 118 head head VB 20467 293 119 cone cone NN 20467 293 120 - - HYPH 20467 293 121 shaped shape VBN 20467 293 122 , , , 20467 293 123 broad broad JJ 20467 293 124 at at IN 20467 293 125 the the DT 20467 293 126 base base NN 20467 293 127 , , , 20467 293 128 clothed clothe VBN 20467 293 129 with with IN 20467 293 130 soft soft JJ 20467 293 131 , , , 20467 293 132 delicate delicate JJ 20467 293 133 , , , 20467 293 134 bluish bluish JJ 20467 293 135 - - HYPH 20467 293 136 green green JJ 20467 293 137 foliage foliage NN 20467 293 138 ; ; : 20467 293 139 roots root NNS 20467 293 140 running run VBG 20467 293 141 horizontally horizontally RB 20467 293 142 near near IN 20467 293 143 the the DT 20467 293 144 surface surface NN 20467 293 145 , , , 20467 293 146 taking take VBG 20467 293 147 firm firm JJ 20467 293 148 hold hold NN 20467 293 149 in in IN 20467 293 150 rocky rocky JJ 20467 293 151 situations situation NNS 20467 293 152 , , , 20467 293 153 extremely extremely RB 20467 293 154 durable durable JJ 20467 293 155 when when WRB 20467 293 156 exposed expose VBN 20467 293 157 . . . 20467 294 1 = = NFP 20467 294 2 Bark.=--On Bark.=--On NNS 20467 294 3 trunks trunk NNS 20467 294 4 of of IN 20467 294 5 old old JJ 20467 294 6 trees tree NNS 20467 294 7 thick thick JJ 20467 294 8 , , , 20467 294 9 shallow shallow JJ 20467 294 10 - - HYPH 20467 294 11 channeled channeled JJ 20467 294 12 , , , 20467 294 13 broad broad RB 20467 294 14 - - HYPH 20467 294 15 ridged ridged JJ 20467 294 16 ; ; : 20467 294 17 on on IN 20467 294 18 stems stem NNS 20467 294 19 of of IN 20467 294 20 young young JJ 20467 294 21 trees tree NNS 20467 294 22 and and CC 20467 294 23 upon upon IN 20467 294 24 branches branch NNS 20467 294 25 smooth smooth JJ 20467 294 26 , , , 20467 294 27 greenish greenish JJ 20467 294 28 ; ; : 20467 294 29 season season NN 20467 294 30 's 's POS 20467 294 31 shoots shoot NNS 20467 294 32 at at IN 20467 294 33 first first NNP 20467 294 34 rusty rusty NNP 20467 294 35 - - HYPH 20467 294 36 scurfy scurfy NN 20467 294 37 or or CC 20467 294 38 puberulent puberulent NN 20467 294 39 , , , 20467 294 40 in in IN 20467 294 41 late late JJ 20467 294 42 autumn autumn NN 20467 294 43 becoming become VBG 20467 294 44 smooth smooth JJ 20467 294 45 and and CC 20467 294 46 light light JJ 20467 294 47 russet russet NN 20467 294 48 brown brown JJ 20467 294 49 . . . 20467 295 1 = = NFP 20467 295 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 295 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 295 4 and and CC 20467 295 5 Leaves.=--Leading leaves.=--leade VBG 20467 295 6 branch branch NN 20467 295 7 - - HYPH 20467 295 8 buds bud NNS 20467 295 9 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 295 10 - - SYM 20467 295 11 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 295 12 inch inch NN 20467 295 13 long long JJ 20467 295 14 , , , 20467 295 15 oblong oblong JJ 20467 295 16 or or CC 20467 295 17 ovate ovate NN 20467 295 18 - - HYPH 20467 295 19 oblong oblong JJ 20467 295 20 , , , 20467 295 21 sharp sharp RB 20467 295 22 - - HYPH 20467 295 23 pointed pointed JJ 20467 295 24 ; ; : 20467 295 25 scales scale VBZ 20467 295 26 yellowish yellowish NNP 20467 295 27 - - HYPH 20467 295 28 brown brown JJ 20467 295 29 . . . 20467 296 1 Foliage foliage NN 20467 296 2 leaves leave VBZ 20467 296 3 in in IN 20467 296 4 clusters cluster NNS 20467 296 5 of of IN 20467 296 6 five five CD 20467 296 7 , , , 20467 296 8 slender slender NN 20467 296 9 , , , 20467 296 10 3 3 CD 20467 296 11 - - SYM 20467 296 12 5 5 CD 20467 296 13 inches inch NNS 20467 296 14 long long JJ 20467 296 15 , , , 20467 296 16 soft soft JJ 20467 296 17 bluish bluish NN 20467 296 18 - - HYPH 20467 296 19 green green JJ 20467 296 20 , , , 20467 296 21 needle needle NN 20467 296 22 - - HYPH 20467 296 23 shaped shape VBN 20467 296 24 , , , 20467 296 25 3-sided 3-sided CD 20467 296 26 , , , 20467 296 27 mucronate mucronate NN 20467 296 28 , , , 20467 296 29 each each DT 20467 296 30 with with IN 20467 296 31 a a DT 20467 296 32 single single JJ 20467 296 33 fibrovascular fibrovascular NN 20467 296 34 bundle bundle NN 20467 296 35 , , , 20467 296 36 sessile sessile NN 20467 296 37 . . . 20467 297 1 = = NFP 20467 297 2 Inflorescence.=--June Inflorescence.=--June NNP 20467 297 3 . . . 20467 298 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 298 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 298 3 at at IN 20467 298 4 the the DT 20467 298 5 base base NN 20467 298 6 of of IN 20467 298 7 the the DT 20467 298 8 season season NN 20467 298 9 's 's POS 20467 298 10 shoots shoot NNS 20467 298 11 , , , 20467 298 12 in in IN 20467 298 13 clusters cluster NNS 20467 298 14 , , , 20467 298 15 each each DT 20467 298 16 flower flower NN 20467 298 17 about about IN 20467 298 18 one one CD 20467 298 19 inch inch NN 20467 298 20 long long JJ 20467 298 21 , , , 20467 298 22 oval oval RB 20467 298 23 , , , 20467 298 24 light light NNP 20467 298 25 brown brown NNP 20467 298 26 ; ; : 20467 298 27 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 298 28 numerous numerous JJ 20467 298 29 ; ; : 20467 298 30 connectives connective NNS 20467 298 31 scale scale NN 20467 298 32 - - HYPH 20467 298 33 like like IN 20467 298 34 : : : 20467 298 35 fertile fertile JJ 20467 298 36 flowers flower NNS 20467 298 37 near near IN 20467 298 38 the the DT 20467 298 39 terminal terminal JJ 20467 298 40 bud bud NN 20467 298 41 of of IN 20467 298 42 the the DT 20467 298 43 season season NN 20467 298 44 's 's POS 20467 298 45 shoots shoot NNS 20467 298 46 , , , 20467 298 47 long long RB 20467 298 48 - - HYPH 20467 298 49 stalked stalk VBN 20467 298 50 , , , 20467 298 51 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 298 52 ; ; : 20467 298 53 scales scale NNS 20467 298 54 pink pink NNP 20467 298 55 - - HYPH 20467 298 56 margined margine VBN 20467 298 57 . . . 20467 299 1 = = NFP 20467 299 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 299 3 , , , 20467 299 4 4 4 CD 20467 299 5 - - SYM 20467 299 6 6 6 CD 20467 299 7 inches inch NNS 20467 299 8 long long JJ 20467 299 9 , , , 20467 299 10 short short JJ 20467 299 11 - - HYPH 20467 299 12 stalked stalk VBN 20467 299 13 , , , 20467 299 14 narrow narrow JJ 20467 299 15 - - HYPH 20467 299 16 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 299 17 , , , 20467 299 18 often often RB 20467 299 19 curved curved JJ 20467 299 20 , , , 20467 299 21 finally finally RB 20467 299 22 pendent pendent NN 20467 299 23 , , , 20467 299 24 green green JJ 20467 299 25 , , , 20467 299 26 maturing mature VBG 20467 299 27 the the DT 20467 299 28 second second JJ 20467 299 29 year year NN 20467 299 30 ; ; , 20467 299 31 scales scale NNS 20467 299 32 rather rather RB 20467 299 33 loose loose JJ 20467 299 34 , , , 20467 299 35 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 299 36 thickened thicken VBN 20467 299 37 at at IN 20467 299 38 the the DT 20467 299 39 apex apex NN 20467 299 40 , , , 20467 299 41 not not RB 20467 299 42 spiny spiny JJ 20467 299 43 ; ; : 20467 299 44 seeds seed NNS 20467 299 45 winged wing VBD 20467 299 46 , , , 20467 299 47 smooth smooth JJ 20467 299 48 . . . 20467 300 1 = = NFP 20467 300 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 300 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 300 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 300 5 New New NNP 20467 300 6 England England NNP 20467 300 7 ; ; : 20467 300 8 free free JJ 20467 300 9 from from IN 20467 300 10 disease disease NN 20467 300 11 ; ; : 20467 300 12 grows grow VBZ 20467 300 13 well well RB 20467 300 14 in in IN 20467 300 15 almost almost RB 20467 300 16 any any DT 20467 300 17 soil soil NN 20467 300 18 , , , 20467 300 19 but but CC 20467 300 20 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 300 21 a a DT 20467 300 22 light light JJ 20467 300 23 fertile fertile JJ 20467 300 24 loam loam NN 20467 300 25 ; ; : 20467 300 26 in in IN 20467 300 27 open open JJ 20467 300 28 ground ground NN 20467 300 29 retains retain VBZ 20467 300 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 300 31 lower low JJR 20467 300 32 branches branch NNS 20467 300 33 for for IN 20467 300 34 many many JJ 20467 300 35 years year NNS 20467 300 36 . . . 20467 301 1 Good good JJ 20467 301 2 plants plant NNS 20467 301 3 , , , 20467 301 4 grown grow VBN 20467 301 5 from from IN 20467 301 6 seed seed NN 20467 301 7 , , , 20467 301 8 are be VBP 20467 301 9 usually usually RB 20467 301 10 readily readily RB 20467 301 11 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 301 12 in in IN 20467 301 13 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 301 14 ; ; : 20467 301 15 small small JJ 20467 301 16 collected collect VBN 20467 301 17 plants plant NNS 20467 301 18 from from IN 20467 301 19 open open JJ 20467 301 20 ground ground NN 20467 301 21 can can MD 20467 301 22 be be VB 20467 301 23 moved move VBN 20467 301 24 in in IN 20467 301 25 sods sod NNS 20467 301 26 with with IN 20467 301 27 little little JJ 20467 301 28 risk risk NN 20467 301 29 . . . 20467 302 1 Several several JJ 20467 302 2 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 302 3 forms form NNS 20467 302 4 are be VBP 20467 302 5 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 302 6 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 302 7 which which WDT 20467 302 8 are be VBP 20467 302 9 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 302 10 by by IN 20467 302 11 variations variation NNS 20467 302 12 in in IN 20467 302 13 foliage foliage NN 20467 302 14 , , , 20467 302 15 trailing trail VBG 20467 302 16 branches branch NNS 20467 302 17 , , , 20467 302 18 dense dense JJ 20467 302 19 and and CC 20467 302 20 rounded rounded JJ 20467 302 21 heads head NNS 20467 302 22 , , , 20467 302 23 and and CC 20467 302 24 dwarfed dwarfed JJ 20467 302 25 or or CC 20467 302 26 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 302 27 habits habit NNS 20467 302 28 of of IN 20467 302 29 growth growth NN 20467 302 30 . . . 20467 303 1 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 303 2 II ii CD 20467 303 3 . . . 20467 304 1 PINUS PINUS NNP 20467 304 2 STROBUS STROBUS NNP 20467 304 3 . . . 20467 305 1 1 1 LS 20467 305 2 . . . 20467 306 1 Branch branch NN 20467 306 2 with with IN 20467 306 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 306 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 306 5 . . . 20467 307 1 2 2 LS 20467 307 2 . . . 20467 308 1 Stamen Stamen NNP 20467 308 2 . . . 20467 309 1 3 3 LS 20467 309 2 . . . 20467 310 1 Branch branch NN 20467 310 2 with with IN 20467 310 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 310 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 310 5 . . . 20467 311 1 4 4 LS 20467 311 2 . . . 20467 312 1 Bract bract JJ 20467 312 2 and and CC 20467 312 3 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 312 4 scale scale NN 20467 312 5 , , , 20467 312 6 outer outer JJ 20467 312 7 side side NN 20467 312 8 . . . 20467 313 1 5 5 CD 20467 313 2 . . . 20467 314 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 314 2 scale scale NN 20467 314 3 with with IN 20467 314 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 314 5 , , , 20467 314 6 inner inner JJ 20467 314 7 side side NN 20467 314 8 . . . 20467 315 1 6 6 CD 20467 315 2 . . . 20467 316 1 Branch branch NN 20467 316 2 with with IN 20467 316 3 cones cone NNS 20467 316 4 . . . 20467 317 1 7 7 LS 20467 317 2 . . . 20467 318 1 Cross cross JJ 20467 318 2 - - NN 20467 318 3 section section NN 20467 318 4 of of IN 20467 318 5 leaf leaf NN 20467 318 6 . . . 20467 319 1 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 319 2 rigida rigida NN 20467 319 3 , , , 20467 319 4 Mill Mill NNP 20467 319 5 . . . 20467 320 1 PITCH PITCH NNP 20467 320 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 320 3 . . . 20467 321 1 HARD HARD NNP 20467 321 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 321 3 . . . 20467 322 1 = = NFP 20467 322 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 322 3 and and CC 20467 322 4 Range.=--Most Range.=--Most NNP 20467 322 5 common common JJ 20467 322 6 in in IN 20467 322 7 dry dry JJ 20467 322 8 , , , 20467 322 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 322 10 soils soil NNS 20467 322 11 , , , 20467 322 12 occasional occasional JJ 20467 322 13 in in IN 20467 322 14 swamps swamp NNS 20467 322 15 . . . 20467 323 1 New New NNP 20467 323 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 323 3 to to IN 20467 323 4 Lake Lake NNP 20467 323 5 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 323 6 . . . 20467 324 1 Maine,--mostly maine,--mostly RB 20467 324 2 in in IN 20467 324 3 the the DT 20467 324 4 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 324 5 section section NN 20467 324 6 near near IN 20467 324 7 the the DT 20467 324 8 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 324 9 ; ; : 20467 324 10 as as IN 20467 324 11 far far RB 20467 324 12 north north RB 20467 324 13 as as IN 20467 324 14 Chesterville Chesterville NNP 20467 324 15 , , , 20467 324 16 Franklin Franklin NNP 20467 324 17 county county NN 20467 324 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 324 19 C. C. NNP 20467 324 20 H. H. NNP 20467 324 21 Knowlton Knowlton NNP 20467 324 22 , , , 20467 324 23 _ _ NNP 20467 324 24 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 324 25 _ _ NNP 20467 324 26 , , , 20467 324 27 II II NNP 20467 324 28 , , , 20467 324 29 124 124 CD 20467 324 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 324 31 ; ; : 20467 324 32 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 324 33 more more JJR 20467 324 34 than than IN 20467 324 35 a a DT 20467 324 36 shrub shrub NN 20467 324 37 near near IN 20467 324 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 324 39 northern northern JJ 20467 324 40 limits limit NNS 20467 324 41 ; ; : 20467 324 42 New New NNP 20467 324 43 Hampshire,--most hampshire,--most NN 20467 324 44 common common JJ 20467 324 45 along along IN 20467 324 46 the the DT 20467 324 47 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 324 48 valley valley NN 20467 324 49 to to IN 20467 324 50 the the DT 20467 324 51 White white JJ 20467 324 52 mountains mountain NNS 20467 324 53 and and CC 20467 324 54 up up IN 20467 324 55 the the DT 20467 324 56 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 324 57 valley valley NN 20467 324 58 to to IN 20467 324 59 the the DT 20467 324 60 mouth mouth NN 20467 324 61 of of IN 20467 324 62 the the DT 20467 324 63 Passumpsic Passumpsic NNP 20467 324 64 , , , 20467 324 65 reaching reach VBG 20467 324 66 an an DT 20467 324 67 altitude altitude NN 20467 324 68 of of IN 20467 324 69 1000 1000 CD 20467 324 70 feet foot NNS 20467 324 71 above above IN 20467 324 72 the the DT 20467 324 73 sea sea NN 20467 324 74 level level NN 20467 324 75 ; ; : 20467 324 76 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 324 77 in in IN 20467 324 78 the the DT 20467 324 79 northern northern JJ 20467 324 80 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 324 81 valley valley NN 20467 324 82 , , , 20467 324 83 less less RBR 20467 324 84 frequent frequent JJ 20467 324 85 in in IN 20467 324 86 the the DT 20467 324 87 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 324 88 valley valley NN 20467 324 89 ( ( -LRB- 20467 324 90 _ _ NNP 20467 324 91 Flora Flora NNP 20467 324 92 of of IN 20467 324 93 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 324 94 _ _ NNP 20467 324 95 , , , 20467 324 96 1900 1900 CD 20467 324 97 ) ) -RRB- 20467 324 98 ; ; : 20467 324 99 common common JJ 20467 324 100 in in IN 20467 324 101 the the DT 20467 324 102 other other JJ 20467 324 103 New New NNP 20467 324 104 England England NNP 20467 324 105 states state NNS 20467 324 106 , , , 20467 324 107 often often RB 20467 324 108 forming form VBG 20467 324 109 large large JJ 20467 324 110 tracts tract NNS 20467 324 111 of of IN 20467 324 112 woodland woodland NN 20467 324 113 , , , 20467 324 114 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 324 115 exclusively exclusively RB 20467 324 116 occupying occupy VBG 20467 324 117 extensive extensive JJ 20467 324 118 areas area NNS 20467 324 119 . . . 20467 325 1 South South NNP 20467 325 2 to to IN 20467 325 3 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 325 4 and and CC 20467 325 5 along along IN 20467 325 6 the the DT 20467 325 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 325 8 to to IN 20467 325 9 northern northern JJ 20467 325 10 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 325 11 ; ; : 20467 325 12 west west NN 20467 325 13 to to IN 20467 325 14 western western JJ 20467 325 15 New New NNP 20467 325 16 York York NNP 20467 325 17 , , , 20467 325 18 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 325 19 , , , 20467 325 20 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 325 21 , , , 20467 325 22 and and CC 20467 325 23 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 325 24 . . . 20467 326 1 = = NFP 20467 326 2 Habit.=--Usually habit.=--usually RB 20467 326 3 a a DT 20467 326 4 low low JJ 20467 326 5 tree tree NN 20467 326 6 , , , 20467 326 7 from from IN 20467 326 8 30 30 CD 20467 326 9 to to TO 20467 326 10 50 50 CD 20467 326 11 feet foot NNS 20467 326 12 high high JJ 20467 326 13 , , , 20467 326 14 with with IN 20467 326 15 a a DT 20467 326 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 326 17 of of IN 20467 326 18 1 1 CD 20467 326 19 - - SYM 20467 326 20 2 2 CD 20467 326 21 feet foot NNS 20467 326 22 at at IN 20467 326 23 the the DT 20467 326 24 ground ground NN 20467 326 25 , , , 20467 326 26 but but CC 20467 326 27 not not RB 20467 326 28 infrequently infrequently RB 20467 326 29 rising rise VBG 20467 326 30 to to IN 20467 326 31 70 70 CD 20467 326 32 - - SYM 20467 326 33 80 80 CD 20467 326 34 feet foot NNS 20467 326 35 , , , 20467 326 36 with with IN 20467 326 37 a a DT 20467 326 38 diameter diameter NN 20467 326 39 of of IN 20467 326 40 2 2 CD 20467 326 41 - - SYM 20467 326 42 4 4 CD 20467 326 43 feet foot NNS 20467 326 44 ; ; : 20467 326 45 trunk trunk NN 20467 326 46 straight straight RB 20467 326 47 or or CC 20467 326 48 more more RBR 20467 326 49 or or CC 20467 326 50 less less RBR 20467 326 51 tortuous tortuous JJ 20467 326 52 , , , 20467 326 53 tapering taper VBG 20467 326 54 rather rather RB 20467 326 55 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 326 56 ; ; : 20467 326 57 branches branch NNS 20467 326 58 rising rise VBG 20467 326 59 at at IN 20467 326 60 a a DT 20467 326 61 wide wide JJ 20467 326 62 angle angle NN 20467 326 63 with with IN 20467 326 64 the the DT 20467 326 65 stem stem NN 20467 326 66 , , , 20467 326 67 often often RB 20467 326 68 tortuous tortuous JJ 20467 326 69 , , , 20467 326 70 and and CC 20467 326 71 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 326 72 drooping droop VBG 20467 326 73 at at IN 20467 326 74 the the DT 20467 326 75 extremities extremity NNS 20467 326 76 , , , 20467 326 77 distinctly distinctly RB 20467 326 78 whorled whorle VBD 20467 326 79 in in IN 20467 326 80 young young JJ 20467 326 81 trees tree NNS 20467 326 82 , , , 20467 326 83 but but CC 20467 326 84 gradually gradually RB 20467 326 85 losing lose VBG 20467 326 86 nearly nearly RB 20467 326 87 every every DT 20467 326 88 trace trace NN 20467 326 89 of of IN 20467 326 90 regularity regularity NN 20467 326 91 ; ; : 20467 326 92 roughest rough JJS 20467 326 93 of of IN 20467 326 94 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 326 95 pines pine NNS 20467 326 96 , , , 20467 326 97 the the DT 20467 326 98 entire entire JJ 20467 326 99 framework framework NN 20467 326 100 rough rough JJ 20467 326 101 at at IN 20467 326 102 every every DT 20467 326 103 stage stage NN 20467 326 104 of of IN 20467 326 105 growth growth NN 20467 326 106 ; ; : 20467 326 107 head head VB 20467 326 108 variable variable JJ 20467 326 109 , , , 20467 326 110 open open JJ 20467 326 111 , , , 20467 326 112 often often RB 20467 326 113 scraggly scraggly RB 20467 326 114 , , , 20467 326 115 widest wide JJS 20467 326 116 near near IN 20467 326 117 the the DT 20467 326 118 base base NN 20467 326 119 and and CC 20467 326 120 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 326 121 dome dome NN 20467 326 122 - - HYPH 20467 326 123 shaped shaped JJ 20467 326 124 in in IN 20467 326 125 young young JJ 20467 326 126 trees tree NNS 20467 326 127 ; ; : 20467 326 128 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 326 129 stout stout RB 20467 326 130 , , , 20467 326 131 terminating terminate VBG 20467 326 132 in in IN 20467 326 133 rigid rigid JJ 20467 326 134 , , , 20467 326 135 spreading spread VBG 20467 326 136 tufts tuft NNS 20467 326 137 of of IN 20467 326 138 foliage foliage NN 20467 326 139 . . . 20467 327 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 327 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 327 3 : : : 20467 327 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 327 5 II.--Pinus II.--Pinus NNP 20467 327 6 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 327 7 . . . 20467 327 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 328 1 = = NFP 20467 328 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 328 3 of of IN 20467 328 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 328 5 in in IN 20467 328 6 old old JJ 20467 328 7 trees tree NNS 20467 328 8 thick thick JJ 20467 328 9 , , , 20467 328 10 deeply deeply RB 20467 328 11 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 328 12 , , , 20467 328 13 with with IN 20467 328 14 broad broad JJ 20467 328 15 connecting connect VBG 20467 328 16 ridges ridge NNS 20467 328 17 , , , 20467 328 18 separating separate VBG 20467 328 19 on on IN 20467 328 20 the the DT 20467 328 21 surface surface NN 20467 328 22 into into IN 20467 328 23 coarse coarse JJ 20467 328 24 dark dark JJ 20467 328 25 grayish grayish NN 20467 328 26 or or CC 20467 328 27 reddish reddish JJ 20467 328 28 brown brown JJ 20467 328 29 scales scale NNS 20467 328 30 ; ; : 20467 328 31 younger young JJR 20467 328 32 stems stem VBZ 20467 328 33 and and CC 20467 328 34 branches branch NNS 20467 328 35 very very RB 20467 328 36 rough rough JJ 20467 328 37 , , , 20467 328 38 separating separate VBG 20467 328 39 into into IN 20467 328 40 scales scale NNS 20467 328 41 ; ; : 20467 328 42 season season NN 20467 328 43 's 's POS 20467 328 44 shoots shoot NNS 20467 328 45 rough rough JJ 20467 328 46 to to IN 20467 328 47 the the DT 20467 328 48 tips tip NNS 20467 328 49 . . . 20467 329 1 = = NFP 20467 329 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 329 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 329 4 and and CC 20467 329 5 Leaves.=--Leading Leaves.=--Leading NNP 20467 329 6 branch branch NN 20467 329 7 - - HYPH 20467 329 8 buds bud NNS 20467 329 9 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 329 10 - - SYM 20467 329 11 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 329 12 inch inch NN 20467 329 13 long long JJ 20467 329 14 , , , 20467 329 15 narrow narrow JJ 20467 329 16 - - HYPH 20467 329 17 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 329 18 or or CC 20467 329 19 ovate ovate NN 20467 329 20 , , , 20467 329 21 acute acute JJ 20467 329 22 at at IN 20467 329 23 the the DT 20467 329 24 apex apex NNP 20467 329 25 , , , 20467 329 26 resin resin NN 20467 329 27 - - HYPH 20467 329 28 coated coat VBD 20467 329 29 ; ; : 20467 329 30 scales scales NNP 20467 329 31 brownish brownish NNP 20467 329 32 . . . 20467 330 1 Foliage foliage NN 20467 330 2 leaves leave VBZ 20467 330 3 in in IN 20467 330 4 threes three NNS 20467 330 5 , , , 20467 330 6 3 3 CD 20467 330 7 - - SYM 20467 330 8 5 5 CD 20467 330 9 inches inch NNS 20467 330 10 long long JJ 20467 330 11 , , , 20467 330 12 stout stout RB 20467 330 13 , , , 20467 330 14 stiff stiff JJ 20467 330 15 , , , 20467 330 16 dark dark JJ 20467 330 17 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 330 18 - - HYPH 20467 330 19 green green JJ 20467 330 20 , , , 20467 330 21 3-sided 3-sided CD 20467 330 22 , , , 20467 330 23 sharp sharp RB 20467 330 24 - - HYPH 20467 330 25 pointed pointed JJ 20467 330 26 , , , 20467 330 27 with with IN 20467 330 28 two two CD 20467 330 29 fibrovascular fibrovascular JJ 20467 330 30 bundles bundle NNS 20467 330 31 ; ; : 20467 330 32 sessile sessile NN 20467 330 33 ; ; : 20467 330 34 sheaths sheath NNS 20467 330 35 when when WRB 20467 330 36 young young JJ 20467 330 37 about about RB 20467 330 38 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 330 39 inch inch NN 20467 330 40 long long JJ 20467 330 41 . . . 20467 331 1 = = NFP 20467 331 2 Inflorescence.=--Sterile Inflorescence.=--Sterile `` 20467 331 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 331 4 at at IN 20467 331 5 the the DT 20467 331 6 base base NN 20467 331 7 of of IN 20467 331 8 the the DT 20467 331 9 season season NN 20467 331 10 's 's POS 20467 331 11 shoots shoot NNS 20467 331 12 , , , 20467 331 13 clustered cluster VBN 20467 331 14 ; ; : 20467 331 15 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 331 16 numerous numerous JJ 20467 331 17 ; ; : 20467 331 18 anthers anther NNS 20467 331 19 yellow yellow JJ 20467 331 20 : : : 20467 331 21 fertile fertile JJ 20467 331 22 flowers flower NNS 20467 331 23 at at IN 20467 331 24 a a DT 20467 331 25 slight slight JJ 20467 331 26 angle angle NN 20467 331 27 with with IN 20467 331 28 and and CC 20467 331 29 along along IN 20467 331 30 the the DT 20467 331 31 sides side NNS 20467 331 32 of of IN 20467 331 33 the the DT 20467 331 34 season season NN 20467 331 35 's 's POS 20467 331 36 shoots shoot NNS 20467 331 37 , , , 20467 331 38 single single JJ 20467 331 39 or or CC 20467 331 40 clustered clustered JJ 20467 331 41 . . . 20467 332 1 = = NFP 20467 332 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone VBZ 20467 332 3 lateral lateral JJ 20467 332 4 , , , 20467 332 5 single single JJ 20467 332 6 or or CC 20467 332 7 in in IN 20467 332 8 clusters cluster NNS 20467 332 9 , , , 20467 332 10 nearly nearly RB 20467 332 11 or or CC 20467 332 12 quite quite RB 20467 332 13 sessile sessile RB 20467 332 14 , , , 20467 332 15 finally finally RB 20467 332 16 at at IN 20467 332 17 right right JJ 20467 332 18 angles angle NNS 20467 332 19 to to IN 20467 332 20 the the DT 20467 332 21 stem stem NN 20467 332 22 or or CC 20467 332 23 twisted twist VBD 20467 332 24 slightly slightly RB 20467 332 25 downward downward JJ 20467 332 26 , , , 20467 332 27 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 332 28 , , , 20467 332 29 ovate ovate NN 20467 332 30 - - HYPH 20467 332 31 conical conical JJ 20467 332 32 ; ; : 20467 332 33 subspherical subspherical JJ 20467 332 34 when when WRB 20467 332 35 open open JJ 20467 332 36 , , , 20467 332 37 ripening ripen VBG 20467 332 38 the the DT 20467 332 39 second second JJ 20467 332 40 season season NN 20467 332 41 ; ; : 20467 332 42 scales scale NNS 20467 332 43 thickened thicken VBD 20467 332 44 at at IN 20467 332 45 the the DT 20467 332 46 apex apex NNP 20467 332 47 , , , 20467 332 48 armed arm VBN 20467 332 49 with with IN 20467 332 50 stout stout RB 20467 332 51 , , , 20467 332 52 straight straight JJ 20467 332 53 or or CC 20467 332 54 recurved recurved JJ 20467 332 55 prickles prickle NNS 20467 332 56 . . . 20467 333 1 = = NFP 20467 333 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 333 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 333 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 333 5 New New NNP 20467 333 6 England England NNP 20467 333 7 ; ; : 20467 333 8 well well RB 20467 333 9 adapted adapt VBN 20467 333 10 to to IN 20467 333 11 exposed expose VBN 20467 333 12 situations situation NNS 20467 333 13 on on IN 20467 333 14 highlands highland NNS 20467 333 15 or or CC 20467 333 16 along along IN 20467 333 17 the the DT 20467 333 18 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 333 19 ; ; : 20467 333 20 grows grow VBZ 20467 333 21 in in IN 20467 333 22 almost almost RB 20467 333 23 any any DT 20467 333 24 soil soil NN 20467 333 25 , , , 20467 333 26 but but CC 20467 333 27 thrives thrive VBZ 20467 333 28 best good JJS 20467 333 29 in in IN 20467 333 30 sandy sandy JJ 20467 333 31 or or CC 20467 333 32 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 333 33 moist moist JJ 20467 333 34 loams loam NNS 20467 333 35 ; ; : 20467 333 36 valuable valuable JJ 20467 333 37 among among IN 20467 333 38 other other JJ 20467 333 39 trees tree NNS 20467 333 40 for for IN 20467 333 41 color color NN 20467 333 42 - - HYPH 20467 333 43 effects effect NNS 20467 333 44 and and CC 20467 333 45 occasional occasional JJ 20467 333 46 picturesqueness picturesqueness NN 20467 333 47 of of IN 20467 333 48 outline outline NN 20467 333 49 ; ; : 20467 333 50 mostly mostly RB 20467 333 51 uninteresting uninteresting JJ 20467 333 52 and and CC 20467 333 53 of of IN 20467 333 54 uncertain uncertain JJ 20467 333 55 habit habit NN 20467 333 56 ; ; : 20467 333 57 subject subject JJ 20467 333 58 to to IN 20467 333 59 the the DT 20467 333 60 loss loss NN 20467 333 61 of of IN 20467 333 62 the the DT 20467 333 63 lower low JJR 20467 333 64 limbs limb NNS 20467 333 65 , , , 20467 333 66 and and CC 20467 333 67 not not RB 20467 333 68 readily readily RB 20467 333 69 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 333 70 ; ; : 20467 333 71 very very RB 20467 333 72 seldom seldom RB 20467 333 73 offered offer VBN 20467 333 74 in in IN 20467 333 75 quantity quantity NN 20467 333 76 by by IN 20467 333 77 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 333 78 ; ; , 20467 333 79 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 333 80 from from IN 20467 333 81 collectors collector NNS 20467 333 82 , , , 20467 333 83 but but CC 20467 333 84 collected collected JJ 20467 333 85 plants plant NNS 20467 333 86 are be VBP 20467 333 87 seldom seldom RB 20467 333 88 successful successful JJ 20467 333 89 . . . 20467 334 1 Usually usually RB 20467 334 2 propagated propagate VBN 20467 334 3 from from IN 20467 334 4 the the DT 20467 334 5 seed seed NN 20467 334 6 . . . 20467 335 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 335 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 335 3 : : : 20467 335 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 335 5 III.--Pinus III.--Pinus NNP 20467 335 6 rigida rigida NNP 20467 335 7 . . . 20467 335 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 336 1 1 1 LS 20467 336 2 . . . 20467 337 1 Branch branch NN 20467 337 2 with with IN 20467 337 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 337 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 337 5 . . . 20467 338 1 2 2 LS 20467 338 2 . . . 20467 339 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 339 2 , , , 20467 339 3 front front JJ 20467 339 4 view view NN 20467 339 5 . . . 20467 340 1 3 3 LS 20467 340 2 . . . 20467 341 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 341 2 , , , 20467 341 3 top top JJ 20467 341 4 view view NN 20467 341 5 . . . 20467 342 1 4 4 LS 20467 342 2 . . . 20467 343 1 Branch branch NN 20467 343 2 with with IN 20467 343 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 343 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 343 5 . . . 20467 344 1 5 5 CD 20467 344 2 . . . 20467 345 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 345 2 flower flower NN 20467 345 3 showing show VBG 20467 345 4 bract bract JJ 20467 345 5 and and CC 20467 345 6 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 345 7 scale scale NN 20467 345 8 , , , 20467 345 9 outer outer JJ 20467 345 10 side side NN 20467 345 11 . . . 20467 346 1 6 6 CD 20467 346 2 . . . 20467 347 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 347 2 flower flower NN 20467 347 3 showing show VBG 20467 347 4 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 347 5 scale scale NN 20467 347 6 with with IN 20467 347 7 ovules ovule NNS 20467 347 8 , , , 20467 347 9 inner inner JJ 20467 347 10 side side NN 20467 347 11 . . . 20467 348 1 7 7 LS 20467 348 2 . . . 20467 349 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 349 2 branch branch NN 20467 349 3 with with IN 20467 349 4 cones cone NNS 20467 349 5 one one CD 20467 349 6 and and CC 20467 349 7 two two CD 20467 349 8 years year NNS 20467 349 9 old old JJ 20467 349 10 . . . 20467 350 1 8 8 LS 20467 350 2 . . . 20467 351 1 Open open JJ 20467 351 2 cone cone NN 20467 351 3 . . . 20467 352 1 9 9 CD 20467 352 2 . . . 20467 353 1 Seed seed NN 20467 353 2 . . . 20467 354 1 10 10 CD 20467 354 2 . . . 20467 355 1 Cross cross JJ 20467 355 2 - - NN 20467 355 3 section section NN 20467 355 4 of of IN 20467 355 5 leaf leaf NN 20467 355 6 . . . 20467 356 1 = = NFP 20467 356 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 356 3 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 356 4 , , , 20467 356 5 Lamb.= Lamb.= NNP 20467 356 6 _ _ NNP 20467 356 7 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 356 8 divaricata divaricata NN 20467 356 9 . . . 20467 357 1 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 357 2 . . . 20467 357 3 _ _ NNP 20467 357 4 SCRUB SCRUB NNP 20467 357 5 PINE PINE NNP 20467 357 6 . . . 20467 358 1 GRAY GRAY NNP 20467 358 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 358 3 . . . 20467 359 1 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 359 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 359 3 . . . 20467 360 1 JACK JACK NNP 20467 360 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 360 3 . . . 20467 361 1 = = NFP 20467 361 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 361 3 and and CC 20467 361 4 Range.=--Sterile range.=--sterile JJ 20467 361 5 , , , 20467 361 6 sandy sandy JJ 20467 361 7 soil soil NN 20467 361 8 : : : 20467 361 9 lowlands lowland NNS 20467 361 10 , , , 20467 361 11 boggy boggy NNP 20467 361 12 plains plain NNS 20467 361 13 , , , 20467 361 14 rocky rocky JJ 20467 361 15 slopes slope NNS 20467 361 16 . . . 20467 362 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 362 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 362 3 , , , 20467 362 4 northwesterly northwesterly RB 20467 362 5 to to IN 20467 362 6 the the DT 20467 362 7 Athabasca Athabasca NNP 20467 362 8 river river NN 20467 362 9 , , , 20467 362 10 and and CC 20467 362 11 northerly northerly RB 20467 362 12 down down IN 20467 362 13 the the DT 20467 362 14 Mackenzie Mackenzie NNP 20467 362 15 to to IN 20467 362 16 the the DT 20467 362 17 Arctic Arctic NNP 20467 362 18 circle circle NN 20467 362 19 . . . 20467 363 1 Maine,--Traveller Maine,--Traveller NNP 20467 363 2 mountain mountain NNP 20467 363 3 and and CC 20467 363 4 Grand Grand NNP 20467 363 5 lake lake NN 20467 363 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 7 G. G. NNP 20467 363 8 L. L. NNP 20467 363 9 Goodale Goodale NNP 20467 363 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 363 11 ; ; : 20467 363 12 Beal Beal NNP 20467 363 13 's 's POS 20467 363 14 island island NN 20467 363 15 on on IN 20467 363 16 Washington Washington NNP 20467 363 17 county county NN 20467 363 18 coast coast NN 20467 363 19 , , , 20467 363 20 Harrington Harrington NNP 20467 363 21 , , , 20467 363 22 Orland Orland NNP 20467 363 23 , , , 20467 363 24 and and CC 20467 363 25 Cape Cape NNP 20467 363 26 Rosier Rosier NNP 20467 363 27 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 28 C. C. NNP 20467 363 29 G. G. NNP 20467 363 30 Atkins Atkins NNP 20467 363 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 363 32 ; ; : 20467 363 33 Schoodic schoodic JJ 20467 363 34 peninsula peninsula NN 20467 363 35 in in IN 20467 363 36 Gouldsboro Gouldsboro NNP 20467 363 37 , , , 20467 363 38 a a DT 20467 363 39 forest forest NN 20467 363 40 30 30 CD 20467 363 41 feet foot NNS 20467 363 42 high high JJ 20467 363 43 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 44 F. F. NNP 20467 363 45 M. M. NNP 20467 363 46 Day Day NNP 20467 363 47 , , , 20467 363 48 E. E. NNP 20467 363 49 L. L. NNP 20467 363 50 Rand Rand NNP 20467 363 51 , , , 20467 363 52 _ _ NNP 20467 363 53 et et NNP 20467 363 54 al al NNP 20467 363 55 . . NNP 20467 363 56 _ _ NNP 20467 363 57 ) ) -RRB- 20467 363 58 ; ; : 20467 363 59 Flagstaff Flagstaff NNP 20467 363 60 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 61 Miss Miss NNP 20467 363 62 Kate Kate NNP 20467 363 63 Furbush Furbush NNP 20467 363 64 ) ) -RRB- 20467 363 65 ; ; : 20467 363 66 east east JJ 20467 363 67 branch branch NN 20467 363 68 of of IN 20467 363 69 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 363 70 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 71 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 20467 363 72 Haines Haines NNP 20467 363 73 ) ) -RRB- 20467 363 74 ; ; : 20467 363 75 the the DT 20467 363 76 Forks fork NNS 20467 363 77 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 78 Miss Miss NNP 20467 363 79 Fanny Fanny NNP 20467 363 80 E. E. NNP 20467 363 81 Hoyt Hoyt NNP 20467 363 82 ) ) -RRB- 20467 363 83 ; ; : 20467 363 84 Lake Lake NNP 20467 363 85 Umbagog Umbagog NNP 20467 363 86 ( ( -LRB- 20467 363 87 Wm Wm NNP 20467 363 88 . . . 20467 364 1 Brewster brewster NN 20467 364 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 364 3 ; ; : 20467 364 4 New New NNP 20467 364 5 Hampshire,--around Hampshire,--around NNP 20467 364 6 the the DT 20467 364 7 shores shore NNS 20467 364 8 of of IN 20467 364 9 Lake Lake NNP 20467 364 10 Umbagog Umbagog NNP 20467 364 11 , , , 20467 364 12 on on IN 20467 364 13 points point NNS 20467 364 14 extending extend VBG 20467 364 15 into into IN 20467 364 16 the the DT 20467 364 17 lake lake NN 20467 364 18 , , , 20467 364 19 rare rare JJ 20467 364 20 ( ( -LRB- 20467 364 21 Wm Wm NNP 20467 364 22 . . . 20467 365 1 Brewster Brewster NNP 20467 365 2 _ _ NNP 20467 365 3 in in IN 20467 365 4 lit lit NN 20467 365 5 . . . 20467 365 6 _ _ NNP 20467 365 7 , , , 20467 365 8 1899 1899 CD 20467 365 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 365 10 ; ; : 20467 365 11 Welch Welch NNP 20467 365 12 mountains mountain NNS 20467 365 13 ( ( -LRB- 20467 365 14 _ _ NNP 20467 365 15 Bull Bull NNP 20467 365 16 . . . 20467 366 1 Torr Torr NNP 20467 366 2 . . . 20467 367 1 Bot bot NN 20467 367 2 . . . 20467 368 1 Club Club NNP 20467 368 2 _ _ NNP 20467 368 3 , , , 20467 368 4 XVIII XVIII NNP 20467 368 5 , , , 20467 368 6 150 150 CD 20467 368 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 368 8 ; ; : 20467 368 9 Vermont,--rare Vermont,--rare NNP 20467 368 10 , , , 20467 368 11 but but CC 20467 368 12 few few JJ 20467 368 13 trees tree NNS 20467 368 14 at at IN 20467 368 15 each each DT 20467 368 16 station station NN 20467 368 17 ; ; : 20467 368 18 Monkton Monkton NNP 20467 368 19 in in IN 20467 368 20 Addison Addison NNP 20467 368 21 county county NN 20467 368 22 ( ( -LRB- 20467 368 23 R. R. NNP 20467 368 24 E. E. NNP 20467 368 25 Robinson Robinson NNP 20467 368 26 ) ) -RRB- 20467 368 27 ; ; : 20467 368 28 Fairfax Fairfax NNP 20467 368 29 , , , 20467 368 30 Franklin Franklin NNP 20467 368 31 county county NN 20467 368 32 ( ( -LRB- 20467 368 33 Bates Bates NNP 20467 368 34 ) ) -RRB- 20467 368 35 ; ; : 20467 368 36 Starkesboro Starkesboro NNP 20467 368 37 ( ( -LRB- 20467 368 38 Pringle Pringle NNP 20467 368 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 368 40 . . . 20467 369 1 West west NN 20467 369 2 through through IN 20467 369 3 northern northern JJ 20467 369 4 New New NNP 20467 369 5 York York NNP 20467 369 6 , , , 20467 369 7 northern northern JJ 20467 369 8 Illinois Illinois NNP 20467 369 9 , , , 20467 369 10 and and CC 20467 369 11 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 369 12 to to IN 20467 369 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 369 14 . . . 20467 370 1 = = NFP 20467 370 2 Habit.=--Usually habit.=--usually RB 20467 370 3 a a DT 20467 370 4 low low JJ 20467 370 5 tree tree NN 20467 370 6 , , , 20467 370 7 15 15 CD 20467 370 8 - - SYM 20467 370 9 30 30 CD 20467 370 10 feet foot NNS 20467 370 11 high high JJ 20467 370 12 and and CC 20467 370 13 6 6 CD 20467 370 14 - - HYPH 20467 370 15 8 8 CD 20467 370 16 inches inch NNS 20467 370 17 in in IN 20467 370 18 diameter diameter NN 20467 370 19 at at IN 20467 370 20 the the DT 20467 370 21 ground ground NN 20467 370 22 , , , 20467 370 23 but but CC 20467 370 24 under under IN 20467 370 25 favorable favorable JJ 20467 370 26 conditions condition NNS 20467 370 27 , , , 20467 370 28 as as IN 20467 370 29 upon upon IN 20467 370 30 the the DT 20467 370 31 wooded woode VBN 20467 370 32 points point NNS 20467 370 33 and and CC 20467 370 34 islands island NNS 20467 370 35 of of IN 20467 370 36 Lake Lake NNP 20467 370 37 Umbagog Umbagog NNP 20467 370 38 , , , 20467 370 39 attaining attain VBG 20467 370 40 a a DT 20467 370 41 height height NN 20467 370 42 of of IN 20467 370 43 50 50 CD 20467 370 44 - - SYM 20467 370 45 60 60 CD 20467 370 46 feet foot NNS 20467 370 47 , , , 20467 370 48 with with IN 20467 370 49 a a DT 20467 370 50 diameter diameter NN 20467 370 51 of of IN 20467 370 52 10 10 CD 20467 370 53 - - SYM 20467 370 54 15 15 CD 20467 370 55 inches inch NNS 20467 370 56 . . . 20467 371 1 Extremely extremely RB 20467 371 2 variable variable JJ 20467 371 3 in in IN 20467 371 4 habit habit NN 20467 371 5 . . . 20467 372 1 In in IN 20467 372 2 thin thin JJ 20467 372 3 soils soil NNS 20467 372 4 and and CC 20467 372 5 upon upon IN 20467 372 6 bleak bleak JJ 20467 372 7 sites site NNS 20467 372 8 the the DT 20467 372 9 trunk trunk NN 20467 372 10 is be VBZ 20467 372 11 for for IN 20467 372 12 the the DT 20467 372 13 most most JJS 20467 372 14 part part NN 20467 372 15 crooked crooked JJ 20467 372 16 and and CC 20467 372 17 twisted twist VBN 20467 372 18 , , , 20467 372 19 the the DT 20467 372 20 head head NN 20467 372 21 scrubby scrubby JJ 20467 372 22 , , , 20467 372 23 stunted stunted JJ 20467 372 24 , , , 20467 372 25 and and CC 20467 372 26 variously variously RB 20467 372 27 distorted distort VBN 20467 372 28 , , , 20467 372 29 resembling resemble VBG 20467 372 30 in in IN 20467 372 31 shape shape NN 20467 372 32 and and CC 20467 372 33 proportions proportion NNS 20467 372 34 the the DT 20467 372 35 pitch pitch NN 20467 372 36 pine pine VBP 20467 372 37 under under IN 20467 372 38 similar similar JJ 20467 372 39 conditions condition NNS 20467 372 40 . . . 20467 373 1 In in IN 20467 373 2 deeper deep JJR 20467 373 3 soils soil NNS 20467 373 4 , , , 20467 373 5 and and CC 20467 373 6 in in IN 20467 373 7 situations situation NNS 20467 373 8 protected protect VBN 20467 373 9 from from IN 20467 373 10 the the DT 20467 373 11 winds wind NNS 20467 373 12 , , , 20467 373 13 the the DT 20467 373 14 stem stem NN 20467 373 15 is be VBZ 20467 373 16 erect erect NN 20467 373 17 , , , 20467 373 18 slender slender NN 20467 373 19 , , , 20467 373 20 and and CC 20467 373 21 tapering taper VBG 20467 373 22 , , , 20467 373 23 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 373 24 by by IN 20467 373 25 a a DT 20467 373 26 stately stately JJ 20467 373 27 head head NN 20467 373 28 with with IN 20467 373 29 long long JJ 20467 373 30 , , , 20467 373 31 flexible flexible JJ 20467 373 32 branches branch NNS 20467 373 33 , , , 20467 373 34 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 373 35 less less RBR 20467 373 36 regular regular JJ 20467 373 37 in in IN 20467 373 38 outline outline NN 20467 373 39 than than IN 20467 373 40 the the DT 20467 373 41 spruce spruce NN 20467 373 42 . . . 20467 374 1 Foliage foliage JJ 20467 374 2 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 374 3 - - HYPH 20467 374 4 green green JJ 20467 374 5 , , , 20467 374 6 bunched bunch VBN 20467 374 7 at at IN 20467 374 8 the the DT 20467 374 9 ends end NNS 20467 374 10 of of IN 20467 374 11 the the DT 20467 374 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 374 13 . . . 20467 375 1 = = NFP 20467 375 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 375 3 of of IN 20467 375 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 375 5 in in IN 20467 375 6 old old JJ 20467 375 7 trees tree NNS 20467 375 8 dark dark JJ 20467 375 9 brown brown NNP 20467 375 10 , , , 20467 375 11 rounded round VBN 20467 375 12 - - HYPH 20467 375 13 ridged ridged JJ 20467 375 14 , , , 20467 375 15 rough rough JJ 20467 375 16 - - HYPH 20467 375 17 scaly scaly NNS 20467 375 18 at at IN 20467 375 19 the the DT 20467 375 20 surface surface NN 20467 375 21 ; ; : 20467 375 22 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 375 23 dark dark JJ 20467 375 24 purplish purplish JJ 20467 375 25 - - HYPH 20467 375 26 brown brown JJ 20467 375 27 , , , 20467 375 28 rough rough JJ 20467 375 29 with with IN 20467 375 30 the the DT 20467 375 31 persistent persistent JJ 20467 375 32 bases basis NNS 20467 375 33 of of IN 20467 375 34 the the DT 20467 375 35 fallen fall VBN 20467 375 36 leaves leave NNS 20467 375 37 ; ; : 20467 375 38 season season NN 20467 375 39 's 's POS 20467 375 40 shoots shoots NNP 20467 375 41 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 375 42 - - HYPH 20467 375 43 green green JJ 20467 375 44 , , , 20467 375 45 turning turn VBG 20467 375 46 to to IN 20467 375 47 reddish reddish JJ 20467 375 48 - - HYPH 20467 375 49 brown brown JJ 20467 375 50 . . . 20467 376 1 = = NFP 20467 376 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 376 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 376 4 and and CC 20467 376 5 Leaves.=--Branch Leaves.=--Branch NNPS 20467 376 6 - - HYPH 20467 376 7 buds bud NNS 20467 376 8 light light NNP 20467 376 9 brown brown NNP 20467 376 10 , , , 20467 376 11 ovate ovate NN 20467 376 12 , , , 20467 376 13 apex apex NNP 20467 376 14 acute acute JJ 20467 376 15 or or CC 20467 376 16 rounded rounded JJ 20467 376 17 , , , 20467 376 18 usually usually RB 20467 376 19 enclosed enclose VBN 20467 376 20 in in IN 20467 376 21 resin resin NN 20467 376 22 . . . 20467 377 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 377 2 in in IN 20467 377 3 twos two NNS 20467 377 4 , , , 20467 377 5 divergent divergent JJ 20467 377 6 from from IN 20467 377 7 a a DT 20467 377 8 short short JJ 20467 377 9 close close JJ 20467 377 10 sheath sheath NN 20467 377 11 , , , 20467 377 12 about about RB 20467 377 13 1 1 CD 20467 377 14 inch inch NN 20467 377 15 in in IN 20467 377 16 length length NN 20467 377 17 and and CC 20467 377 18 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 377 19 1/12 1/12 CD 20467 377 20 inch inch NN 20467 377 21 in in IN 20467 377 22 width width NN 20467 377 23 , , , 20467 377 24 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 377 25 - - HYPH 20467 377 26 green green JJ 20467 377 27 , , , 20467 377 28 numerous numerous JJ 20467 377 29 , , , 20467 377 30 stiff stiff JJ 20467 377 31 , , , 20467 377 32 curved curved JJ 20467 377 33 or or CC 20467 377 34 twisted twist VBN 20467 377 35 , , , 20467 377 36 cross cross JJ 20467 377 37 - - NN 20467 377 38 section section NN 20467 377 39 showing show VBG 20467 377 40 two two CD 20467 377 41 fibrovascular fibrovascular JJ 20467 377 42 bundles bundle NNS 20467 377 43 ; ; : 20467 377 44 outline outline VB 20467 377 45 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 377 46 linear linear JJ 20467 377 47 ; ; : 20467 377 48 apex apex NNP 20467 377 49 sharp sharp RB 20467 377 50 - - HYPH 20467 377 51 pointed pointed JJ 20467 377 52 ; ; : 20467 377 53 outer outer JJ 20467 377 54 surface surface NN 20467 377 55 convex convex NNP 20467 377 56 , , , 20467 377 57 inner inner JJ 20467 377 58 concave concave NNP 20467 377 59 or or CC 20467 377 60 flat flat JJ 20467 377 61 . . . 20467 378 1 = = NFP 20467 378 2 Inflorescence.=--June Inflorescence.=--June NNP 20467 378 3 . . . 20467 379 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 379 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 379 3 at at IN 20467 379 4 the the DT 20467 379 5 base base NN 20467 379 6 of of IN 20467 379 7 the the DT 20467 379 8 season season NN 20467 379 9 's 's POS 20467 379 10 shoots shoot NNS 20467 379 11 , , , 20467 379 12 clustered clustered JJ 20467 379 13 , , , 20467 379 14 oblong oblong JJ 20467 379 15 - - HYPH 20467 379 16 rounded rounded JJ 20467 379 17 : : : 20467 379 18 fertile fertile JJ 20467 379 19 flowers flower NNS 20467 379 20 along along IN 20467 379 21 the the DT 20467 379 22 sides side NNS 20467 379 23 or or CC 20467 379 24 about about IN 20467 379 25 the the DT 20467 379 26 terminal terminal JJ 20467 379 27 buds bud NNS 20467 379 28 of of IN 20467 379 29 the the DT 20467 379 30 season season NN 20467 379 31 's 's POS 20467 379 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 379 33 , , , 20467 379 34 single single JJ 20467 379 35 , , , 20467 379 36 in in IN 20467 379 37 twos two NNS 20467 379 38 or or CC 20467 379 39 in in IN 20467 379 40 clusters cluster NNS 20467 379 41 ; ; : 20467 379 42 bracts bract NNS 20467 379 43 ovate ovate VBP 20467 379 44 , , , 20467 379 45 roundish roundish JJ 20467 379 46 , , , 20467 379 47 purplish purplish JJ 20467 379 48 . . . 20467 380 1 = = NFP 20467 380 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 380 3 often often RB 20467 380 4 numerous numerous JJ 20467 380 5 , , , 20467 380 6 1 1 CD 20467 380 7 - - SYM 20467 380 8 2 2 CD 20467 380 9 inches inch NNS 20467 380 10 long long JJ 20467 380 11 , , , 20467 380 12 pointing point VBG 20467 380 13 in in IN 20467 380 14 the the DT 20467 380 15 general general JJ 20467 380 16 direction direction NN 20467 380 17 of of IN 20467 380 18 the the DT 20467 380 19 twig twig NN 20467 380 20 on on IN 20467 380 21 which which WDT 20467 380 22 they -PRON- PRP 20467 380 23 grow grow VBP 20467 380 24 , , , 20467 380 25 frequently frequently RB 20467 380 26 curved curve VBN 20467 380 27 at at IN 20467 380 28 the the DT 20467 380 29 tip tip NN 20467 380 30 , , , 20467 380 31 whitish whitish NN 20467 380 32 - - HYPH 20467 380 33 yellow yellow JJ 20467 380 34 when when WRB 20467 380 35 young young JJ 20467 380 36 , , , 20467 380 37 and and CC 20467 380 38 brown brown JJ 20467 380 39 at at IN 20467 380 40 maturity maturity NN 20467 380 41 ; ; , 20467 380 42 scales scale VBZ 20467 380 43 when when WRB 20467 380 44 mature mature VBP 20467 380 45 without without IN 20467 380 46 prickles prickle NNS 20467 380 47 , , , 20467 380 48 thickened thicken VBD 20467 380 49 at at IN 20467 380 50 the the DT 20467 380 51 apex apex NNP 20467 380 52 ; ; : 20467 380 53 outline outline VB 20467 380 54 very very RB 20467 380 55 irregular irregular JJ 20467 380 56 but but CC 20467 380 57 in in IN 20467 380 58 general general JJ 20467 380 59 oblong oblong JJ 20467 380 60 - - HYPH 20467 380 61 conical conical JJ 20467 380 62 . . . 20467 381 1 The the DT 20467 381 2 open open JJ 20467 381 3 cones cone NNS 20467 381 4 , , , 20467 381 5 which which WDT 20467 381 6 are be VBP 20467 381 7 usually usually RB 20467 381 8 much much RB 20467 381 9 distorted distort VBN 20467 381 10 , , , 20467 381 11 with with IN 20467 381 12 scales scale NNS 20467 381 13 at at IN 20467 381 14 base base NN 20467 381 15 closed close VBD 20467 381 16 , , , 20467 381 17 have have VBP 20467 381 18 a a DT 20467 381 19 similar similar JJ 20467 381 20 outline outline NN 20467 381 21 . . . 20467 382 1 = = NFP 20467 382 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 382 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 382 4 in in IN 20467 382 5 New New NNP 20467 382 6 England England NNP 20467 382 7 ; ; : 20467 382 8 slow slow JJ 20467 382 9 growing growing NN 20467 382 10 and and CC 20467 382 11 hard hard JJ 20467 382 12 to to TO 20467 382 13 transplant transplant VB 20467 382 14 ; ; : 20467 382 15 useful useful JJ 20467 382 16 in in IN 20467 382 17 poor poor JJ 20467 382 18 soil soil NN 20467 382 19 ; ; : 20467 382 20 seldom seldom RB 20467 382 21 offered offer VBN 20467 382 22 by by IN 20467 382 23 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 382 24 or or CC 20467 382 25 collectors collector NNS 20467 382 26 . . . 20467 383 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 383 2 from from IN 20467 383 3 seed seed NN 20467 383 4 . . . 20467 384 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 384 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 384 3 : : : 20467 384 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 384 5 IV.--Pinus IV.--Pinus NNP 20467 384 6 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 384 7 . . . 20467 384 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 385 1 1 1 LS 20467 385 2 . . . 20467 386 1 Branch branch NN 20467 386 2 with with IN 20467 386 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 386 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 386 5 . . . 20467 387 1 2 2 LS 20467 387 2 . . . 20467 388 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 388 2 , , , 20467 388 3 front front JJ 20467 388 4 view view NN 20467 388 5 . . . 20467 389 1 3 3 LS 20467 389 2 . . . 20467 390 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 390 2 , , , 20467 390 3 top top JJ 20467 390 4 view view NN 20467 390 5 . . . 20467 391 1 4 4 LS 20467 391 2 . . . 20467 392 1 Branch branch NN 20467 392 2 with with IN 20467 392 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 392 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 392 5 . . . 20467 393 1 5 5 CD 20467 393 2 . . . 20467 394 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 394 2 scale scale NN 20467 394 3 with with IN 20467 394 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 394 5 , , , 20467 394 6 inner inner JJ 20467 394 7 side side NN 20467 394 8 . . . 20467 395 1 6 6 CD 20467 395 2 . . . 20467 396 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 396 2 branch branch NN 20467 396 3 . . . 20467 397 1 7 7 LS 20467 397 2 . . . 20467 398 1 Open open JJ 20467 398 2 cone cone NN 20467 398 3 . . . 20467 399 1 8 8 CD 20467 399 2 , , , 20467 399 3 9 9 CD 20467 399 4 . . . 20467 400 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 400 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 400 3 . . . 20467 401 1 10 10 CD 20467 401 2 , , , 20467 401 3 11 11 CD 20467 401 4 . . . 20467 402 1 Cross cross NN 20467 402 2 - - NNS 20467 402 3 sections section NNS 20467 402 4 of of IN 20467 402 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 402 6 . . . 20467 403 1 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 403 2 resinosa resinosa NNS 20467 403 3 , , , 20467 403 4 Ait ait RB 20467 403 5 . . . 20467 404 1 RED RED NNP 20467 404 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 404 3 . . . 20467 405 1 NORWAY NORWAY NNP 20467 405 2 PINE PINE NNP 20467 405 3 . . . 20467 406 1 = = NFP 20467 406 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 406 3 and and CC 20467 406 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 406 5 poor poor JJ 20467 406 6 soils soil NNS 20467 406 7 : : : 20467 406 8 sandy sandy NNP 20467 406 9 plains plain NNS 20467 406 10 , , , 20467 406 11 dry dry JJ 20467 406 12 woods wood NNS 20467 406 13 . . . 20467 407 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 407 2 and and CC 20467 407 3 New New NNP 20467 407 4 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 407 5 , , , 20467 407 6 throughout throughout IN 20467 407 7 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 407 8 and and CC 20467 407 9 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 407 10 , , , 20467 407 11 to to IN 20467 407 12 the the DT 20467 407 13 southern southern JJ 20467 407 14 end end NN 20467 407 15 of of IN 20467 407 16 Lake Lake NNP 20467 407 17 Winnipeg Winnipeg NNP 20467 407 18 . . . 20467 408 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 408 2 , , , 20467 408 3 plains plain NNS 20467 408 4 , , , 20467 408 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 408 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 408 7 Cumberland Cumberland NNP 20467 408 8 county county NN 20467 408 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 408 10 ; ; : 20467 408 11 woods wood NNS 20467 408 12 , , , 20467 408 13 Bristol Bristol NNP 20467 408 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 408 15 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 20467 408 16 county county NN 20467 408 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 408 18 ; ; : 20467 408 19 from from IN 20467 408 20 Amherst Amherst NNP 20467 408 21 ( ( -LRB- 20467 408 22 western western JJ 20467 408 23 part part NN 20467 408 24 of of IN 20467 408 25 Hancock Hancock NNP 20467 408 26 county county NN 20467 408 27 ) ) -RRB- 20467 408 28 and and CC 20467 408 29 Clifton Clifton NNP 20467 408 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 408 31 southeastern southeastern JJ 20467 408 32 part part NN 20467 408 33 of of IN 20467 408 34 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 408 35 county county NN 20467 408 36 ) ) -RRB- 20467 408 37 northward northward NNP 20467 408 38 just just RB 20467 408 39 east east RB 20467 408 40 of of IN 20467 408 41 the the DT 20467 408 42 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 408 43 river river VBP 20467 408 44 the the DT 20467 408 45 predominant predominant NN 20467 408 46 tree tree NN 20467 408 47 , , , 20467 408 48 generally generally RB 20467 408 49 on on IN 20467 408 50 dry dry JJ 20467 408 51 ridges ridge NNS 20467 408 52 and and CC 20467 408 53 eskers esker NNS 20467 408 54 , , , 20467 408 55 but but CC 20467 408 56 in in IN 20467 408 57 Greenbush Greenbush NNP 20467 408 58 and and CC 20467 408 59 Passadumkeag Passadumkeag NNP 20467 408 60 growing grow VBG 20467 408 61 abundantly abundantly RB 20467 408 62 on on IN 20467 408 63 peat peat NN 20467 408 64 bogs bog NNS 20467 408 65 with with IN 20467 408 66 black black JJ 20467 408 67 spruce spruce NN 20467 408 68 ; ; : 20467 408 69 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 408 70 and and CC 20467 408 71 lower low JJR 20467 408 72 mountains mountain NNS 20467 408 73 about about IN 20467 408 74 Moosehead Moosehead NNP 20467 408 75 , , , 20467 408 76 scattered scatter VBN 20467 408 77 ; ; : 20467 408 78 New new JJ 20467 408 79 Hampshire,--ranges Hampshire,--ranges NNP 20467 408 80 with with IN 20467 408 81 the the DT 20467 408 82 pitch pitch NN 20467 408 83 pine pine NN 20467 408 84 as as IN 20467 408 85 far far RB 20467 408 86 north north RB 20467 408 87 as as IN 20467 408 88 the the DT 20467 408 89 White white JJ 20467 408 90 mountains mountain NNS 20467 408 91 , , , 20467 408 92 but but CC 20467 408 93 is be VBZ 20467 408 94 less less RBR 20467 408 95 common common JJ 20467 408 96 , , , 20467 408 97 usually usually RB 20467 408 98 in in IN 20467 408 99 groves grove NNS 20467 408 100 of of IN 20467 408 101 a a DT 20467 408 102 few few JJ 20467 408 103 to to IN 20467 408 104 several several JJ 20467 408 105 hundred hundred CD 20467 408 106 acres acre NNS 20467 408 107 in in IN 20467 408 108 extent extent NN 20467 408 109 ; ; : 20467 408 110 Vermont,--less Vermont,--less NNP 20467 408 111 common common JJ 20467 408 112 than than IN 20467 408 113 _ _ NNP 20467 408 114 P. P. NNP 20467 409 1 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 409 2 _ _ NNP 20467 409 3 or or CC 20467 409 4 _ _ NNP 20467 409 5 P. P. NNP 20467 410 1 rigida rigida NNP 20467 410 2 _ _ NNP 20467 410 3 , , , 20467 410 4 but but CC 20467 410 5 not not RB 20467 410 6 rare rare JJ 20467 410 7 ; ; : 20467 410 8 Massachusetts,--still massachusetts,--still RB 20467 410 9 more more RBR 20467 410 10 local local JJ 20467 410 11 , , , 20467 410 12 in in IN 20467 410 13 stations station NNS 20467 410 14 widely widely RB 20467 410 15 separated separate VBN 20467 410 16 , , , 20467 410 17 single single JJ 20467 410 18 trees tree NNS 20467 410 19 or or CC 20467 410 20 small small JJ 20467 410 21 groups group NNS 20467 410 22 ; ; : 20467 410 23 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 410 24 Island,--occasional island,--occasional XX 20467 410 25 ; ; : 20467 410 26 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 410 27 reported report VBD 20467 410 28 . . . 20467 411 1 South south RB 20467 411 2 to to IN 20467 411 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 411 4 ; ; : 20467 411 5 west west NN 20467 411 6 through through IN 20467 411 7 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 411 8 and and CC 20467 411 9 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 20467 411 10 to to IN 20467 411 11 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 411 12 . . . 20467 412 1 = = NFP 20467 412 2 Habit.=--The habit.=--the UH 20467 412 3 most most RBS 20467 412 4 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 412 5 of of IN 20467 412 6 the the DT 20467 412 7 New New NNP 20467 412 8 England England NNP 20467 412 9 pines pine NNS 20467 412 10 , , , 20467 412 11 50 50 CD 20467 412 12 - - SYM 20467 412 13 75 75 CD 20467 412 14 feet foot NNS 20467 412 15 high high JJ 20467 412 16 , , , 20467 412 17 with with IN 20467 412 18 a a DT 20467 412 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 412 20 of of IN 20467 412 21 2 2 CD 20467 412 22 - - SYM 20467 412 23 3 3 CD 20467 412 24 feet foot NNS 20467 412 25 at at IN 20467 412 26 the the DT 20467 412 27 ground ground NN 20467 412 28 ; ; , 20467 412 29 reaching reach VBG 20467 412 30 in in IN 20467 412 31 Maine Maine NNP 20467 412 32 a a DT 20467 412 33 height height NN 20467 412 34 of of IN 20467 412 35 100 100 CD 20467 412 36 feet foot NNS 20467 412 37 and and CC 20467 412 38 upwards upward NNS 20467 412 39 ; ; : 20467 412 40 trunk trunk NN 20467 412 41 straight straight RB 20467 412 42 , , , 20467 412 43 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 412 44 tapering taper VBG 20467 412 45 ; ; : 20467 412 46 branches branch NNS 20467 412 47 low low JJ 20467 412 48 , , , 20467 412 49 stout stout RB 20467 412 50 , , , 20467 412 51 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 412 52 or or CC 20467 412 53 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 412 54 declined decline VBD 20467 412 55 , , , 20467 412 56 forming form VBG 20467 412 57 a a DT 20467 412 58 broad broad RB 20467 412 59 - - HYPH 20467 412 60 based base VBN 20467 412 61 , , , 20467 412 62 rounded rounded JJ 20467 412 63 or or CC 20467 412 64 conical conical JJ 20467 412 65 head head NN 20467 412 66 of of IN 20467 412 67 great great JJ 20467 412 68 beauty beauty NN 20467 412 69 when when WRB 20467 412 70 young young JJ 20467 412 71 , , , 20467 412 72 becoming become VBG 20467 412 73 more more RBR 20467 412 74 or or CC 20467 412 75 less less RBR 20467 412 76 irregular irregular JJ 20467 412 77 with with IN 20467 412 78 age age NN 20467 412 79 ; ; : 20467 412 80 foliage foliage NN 20467 412 81 of of IN 20467 412 82 a a DT 20467 412 83 rich rich JJ 20467 412 84 dark dark JJ 20467 412 85 green green NN 20467 412 86 , , , 20467 412 87 in in IN 20467 412 88 long long JJ 20467 412 89 dense dense JJ 20467 412 90 tufts tuft NNS 20467 412 91 at at IN 20467 412 92 the the DT 20467 412 93 ends end NNS 20467 412 94 of of IN 20467 412 95 the the DT 20467 412 96 branches branch NNS 20467 412 97 . . . 20467 413 1 = = NFP 20467 413 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 413 3 of of IN 20467 413 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 413 5 reddish reddish NNP 20467 413 6 - - HYPH 20467 413 7 brown brown NN 20467 413 8 , , , 20467 413 9 in in IN 20467 413 10 old old JJ 20467 413 11 trees tree NNS 20467 413 12 marked mark VBN 20467 413 13 by by IN 20467 413 14 flat flat JJ 20467 413 15 ridges ridge NNS 20467 413 16 which which WDT 20467 413 17 separate separate VBP 20467 413 18 on on IN 20467 413 19 the the DT 20467 413 20 surface surface NN 20467 413 21 into into IN 20467 413 22 thin thin JJ 20467 413 23 , , , 20467 413 24 flat flat JJ 20467 413 25 , , , 20467 413 26 loose loose JJ 20467 413 27 scales scale NNS 20467 413 28 ; ; : 20467 413 29 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 413 30 rough rough JJ 20467 413 31 with with IN 20467 413 32 persistent persistent JJ 20467 413 33 bases basis NNS 20467 413 34 of of IN 20467 413 35 leaf leaf NN 20467 413 36 buds bud NNS 20467 413 37 ; ; : 20467 413 38 season season NN 20467 413 39 's 's POS 20467 413 40 shoots shoot NNS 20467 413 41 stout stout IN 20467 413 42 , , , 20467 413 43 orange orange NNP 20467 413 44 - - HYPH 20467 413 45 brown brown JJ 20467 413 46 , , , 20467 413 47 smooth smooth JJ 20467 413 48 . . . 20467 414 1 = = NFP 20467 414 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 414 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 414 4 and and CC 20467 414 5 Leaves.=--Leading Leaves.=--Leading NNP 20467 414 6 branch branch NN 20467 414 7 - - HYPH 20467 414 8 buds bud NNS 20467 414 9 conical conical JJ 20467 414 10 , , , 20467 414 11 about about RB 20467 414 12 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 414 13 inch inch NN 20467 414 14 long long JJ 20467 414 15 , , , 20467 414 16 tapering taper VBG 20467 414 17 to to IN 20467 414 18 a a DT 20467 414 19 sharp sharp JJ 20467 414 20 point point NN 20467 414 21 , , , 20467 414 22 reddish reddish JJ 20467 414 23 - - HYPH 20467 414 24 brown brown NN 20467 414 25 , , , 20467 414 26 invested invest VBN 20467 414 27 with with IN 20467 414 28 rather rather RB 20467 414 29 loose loose JJ 20467 414 30 scales scale NNS 20467 414 31 . . . 20467 415 1 Foliage foliage NN 20467 415 2 leaves leave VBZ 20467 415 3 in in IN 20467 415 4 twos two NNS 20467 415 5 , , , 20467 415 6 from from IN 20467 415 7 close close JJ 20467 415 8 , , , 20467 415 9 elongated elongated JJ 20467 415 10 , , , 20467 415 11 persistent persistent JJ 20467 415 12 , , , 20467 415 13 and and CC 20467 415 14 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 415 15 sheaths sheath NNS 20467 415 16 , , , 20467 415 17 about about RB 20467 415 18 6 6 CD 20467 415 19 inches inch NNS 20467 415 20 long long JJ 20467 415 21 , , , 20467 415 22 dark dark JJ 20467 415 23 green green NN 20467 415 24 , , , 20467 415 25 needle needle NN 20467 415 26 - - HYPH 20467 415 27 shaped shaped JJ 20467 415 28 , , , 20467 415 29 straight straight RB 20467 415 30 , , , 20467 415 31 sharply sharply RB 20467 415 32 and and CC 20467 415 33 stiffly stiffly RB 20467 415 34 pointed point VBD 20467 415 35 , , , 20467 415 36 the the DT 20467 415 37 outer outer JJ 20467 415 38 surface surface NN 20467 415 39 round round RB 20467 415 40 and and CC 20467 415 41 the the DT 20467 415 42 inner inner JJ 20467 415 43 flattish flattish NN 20467 415 44 , , , 20467 415 45 both both DT 20467 415 46 surfaces surface NNS 20467 415 47 marked mark VBN 20467 415 48 by by IN 20467 415 49 lines line NNS 20467 415 50 of of IN 20467 415 51 minute minute JJ 20467 415 52 pale pale JJ 20467 415 53 dots dot NNS 20467 415 54 . . . 20467 416 1 = = NFP 20467 416 2 Inflorescence.=--Sterile inflorescence.=--sterile WDT 20467 416 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 416 4 clustered cluster VBN 20467 416 5 at at IN 20467 416 6 the the DT 20467 416 7 base base NN 20467 416 8 of of IN 20467 416 9 the the DT 20467 416 10 season season NN 20467 416 11 's 's POS 20467 416 12 shoots shoot NNS 20467 416 13 , , , 20467 416 14 oblong oblong NNP 20467 416 15 , , , 20467 416 16 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 416 17 - - SYM 20467 416 18 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 416 19 inch inch NN 20467 416 20 long long RB 20467 416 21 : : : 20467 416 22 fertile fertile JJ 20467 416 23 flowers flower NNS 20467 416 24 single single JJ 20467 416 25 or or CC 20467 416 26 few few JJ 20467 416 27 , , , 20467 416 28 at at IN 20467 416 29 the the DT 20467 416 30 ends end NNS 20467 416 31 of of IN 20467 416 32 the the DT 20467 416 33 season season NN 20467 416 34 's 's POS 20467 416 35 shoots shoot NNS 20467 416 36 . . . 20467 417 1 = = NFP 20467 417 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 417 3 near near IN 20467 417 4 extremity extremity NN 20467 417 5 of of IN 20467 417 6 shoot shoot NN 20467 417 7 , , , 20467 417 8 at at IN 20467 417 9 right right JJ 20467 417 10 angles angle NNS 20467 417 11 to to IN 20467 417 12 the the DT 20467 417 13 stem stem NN 20467 417 14 , , , 20467 417 15 maturing mature VBG 20467 417 16 the the DT 20467 417 17 second second JJ 20467 417 18 year year NN 20467 417 19 , , , 20467 417 20 1 1 CD 20467 417 21 - - SYM 20467 417 22 3 3 CD 20467 417 23 inches inch NNS 20467 417 24 long long JJ 20467 417 25 , , , 20467 417 26 ovate ovate JJ 20467 417 27 to to IN 20467 417 28 oblong oblong NNP 20467 417 29 conical conical JJ 20467 417 30 ; ; : 20467 417 31 when when WRB 20467 417 32 opened open VBN 20467 417 33 broadly broadly RB 20467 417 34 oval oval JJ 20467 417 35 or or CC 20467 417 36 roundish roundish JJ 20467 417 37 ; ; : 20467 417 38 scales scale VBZ 20467 417 39 not not RB 20467 417 40 hooked hooked JJ 20467 417 41 or or CC 20467 417 42 pointed point VBN 20467 417 43 , , , 20467 417 44 thickened thicken VBD 20467 417 45 at at IN 20467 417 46 the the DT 20467 417 47 apex apex NN 20467 417 48 . . . 20467 418 1 = = NFP 20467 418 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 418 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 418 4 in in IN 20467 418 5 New New NNP 20467 418 6 England England NNP 20467 418 7 ; ; : 20467 418 8 a a DT 20467 418 9 tall tall JJ 20467 418 10 , , , 20467 418 11 dark dark JJ 20467 418 12 - - HYPH 20467 418 13 foliaged foliaged JJ 20467 418 14 evergreen evergreen NN 20467 418 15 , , , 20467 418 16 for for IN 20467 418 17 which which WDT 20467 418 18 there there EX 20467 418 19 is be VBZ 20467 418 20 no no DT 20467 418 21 substitute substitute NN 20467 418 22 ; ; : 20467 418 23 grows grow VBZ 20467 418 24 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 418 25 in in IN 20467 418 26 all all DT 20467 418 27 well well RB 20467 418 28 - - HYPH 20467 418 29 drained drain VBN 20467 418 30 soils soil NNS 20467 418 31 and and CC 20467 418 32 in in IN 20467 418 33 exposed expose VBN 20467 418 34 inland inland RB 20467 418 35 or or CC 20467 418 36 seashore seashore NN 20467 418 37 situations situation NNS 20467 418 38 ; ; : 20467 418 39 seldom seldom RB 20467 418 40 disfigured disfigure VBN 20467 418 41 by by IN 20467 418 42 insects insect NNS 20467 418 43 or or CC 20467 418 44 disease disease NN 20467 418 45 ; ; , 20467 418 46 difficult difficult JJ 20467 418 47 to to TO 20467 418 48 transplant transplant VB 20467 418 49 and and CC 20467 418 50 not not RB 20467 418 51 common common JJ 20467 418 52 in in IN 20467 418 53 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 418 54 . . . 20467 419 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 419 2 from from IN 20467 419 3 seed seed NN 20467 419 4 . . . 20467 420 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 420 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 420 3 : : : 20467 420 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 420 5 V.--Pinus V.--Pinus NNP 20467 420 6 resinosa resinosa NNP 20467 420 7 . . . 20467 420 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 421 1 1 1 LS 20467 421 2 . . . 20467 422 1 Branch branch NN 20467 422 2 with with IN 20467 422 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 422 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 422 5 . . . 20467 423 1 2 2 LS 20467 423 2 . . . 20467 424 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 424 2 , , , 20467 424 3 front front JJ 20467 424 4 view view NN 20467 424 5 . . . 20467 425 1 3 3 LS 20467 425 2 . . . 20467 426 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 426 2 , , , 20467 426 3 top top JJ 20467 426 4 view view NN 20467 426 5 . . . 20467 427 1 4 4 LS 20467 427 2 . . . 20467 428 1 Branch branch NN 20467 428 2 with with IN 20467 428 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 428 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 428 5 and and CC 20467 428 6 one one CD 20467 428 7 - - HYPH 20467 428 8 year year NN 20467 428 9 - - HYPH 20467 428 10 old old JJ 20467 428 11 cones cone NNS 20467 428 12 . . . 20467 429 1 5 5 CD 20467 429 2 . . . 20467 430 1 Bract bract JJ 20467 430 2 and and CC 20467 430 3 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 430 4 scale scale NN 20467 430 5 , , , 20467 430 6 outer outer JJ 20467 430 7 side side NN 20467 430 8 . . . 20467 431 1 6 6 CD 20467 431 2 . . . 20467 432 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 432 2 scale scale NN 20467 432 3 with with IN 20467 432 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 432 5 , , , 20467 432 6 inner inner JJ 20467 432 7 side side NN 20467 432 8 . . . 20467 433 1 7 7 LS 20467 433 2 . . . 20467 434 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 434 2 branch branch NN 20467 434 3 showing show VBG 20467 434 4 cones cone NNS 20467 434 5 of of IN 20467 434 6 three three CD 20467 434 7 different different JJ 20467 434 8 seasons season NNS 20467 434 9 . . . 20467 435 1 8 8 LS 20467 435 2 . . . 20467 436 1 Seeds seed NNS 20467 436 2 with with IN 20467 436 3 cone cone NN 20467 436 4 - - HYPH 20467 436 5 scale scale NN 20467 436 6 . . . 20467 437 1 9 9 CD 20467 437 2 , , , 20467 437 3 10 10 CD 20467 437 4 . . . 20467 438 1 Cross cross NN 20467 438 2 - - NNS 20467 438 3 sections section NNS 20467 438 4 of of IN 20467 438 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 438 6 . . . 20467 439 1 = = NFP 20467 439 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 439 3 sylvestris sylvestris NN 20467 439 4 , , , 20467 439 5 L.= L.= NNP 20467 439 6 SCOTCH SCOTCH NNP 20467 439 7 PINE PINE NNP 20467 439 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 439 9 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 439 10 incorrectly incorrectly RB 20467 439 11 called call VBN 20467 439 12 the the DT 20467 439 13 Scotch Scotch NNP 20467 439 14 fir fir NN 20467 439 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 439 16 . . . 20467 440 1 Indigenous indigenous JJ 20467 440 2 in in IN 20467 440 3 the the DT 20467 440 4 northern northern JJ 20467 440 5 parts part NNS 20467 440 6 of of IN 20467 440 7 Scotland Scotland NNP 20467 440 8 and and CC 20467 440 9 in in IN 20467 440 10 the the DT 20467 440 11 Alps Alps NNP 20467 440 12 , , , 20467 440 13 and and CC 20467 440 14 from from IN 20467 440 15 Sweden Sweden NNP 20467 440 16 and and CC 20467 440 17 Norway Norway NNP 20467 440 18 , , , 20467 440 19 where where WRB 20467 440 20 it -PRON- PRP 20467 440 21 forms form VBZ 20467 440 22 large large JJ 20467 440 23 forests forest NNS 20467 440 24 eastward eastward RB 20467 440 25 throughout throughout IN 20467 440 26 northern northern JJ 20467 440 27 Europe Europe NNP 20467 440 28 and and CC 20467 440 29 Asia Asia NNP 20467 440 30 . . . 20467 441 1 At at IN 20467 441 2 Southington Southington NNP 20467 441 3 , , , 20467 441 4 Conn. Connecticut NNP 20467 441 5 , , , 20467 441 6 many many JJ 20467 441 7 of of IN 20467 441 8 these these DT 20467 441 9 trees tree NNS 20467 441 10 , , , 20467 441 11 probably probably RB 20467 441 12 originating originate VBG 20467 441 13 from from IN 20467 441 14 an an DT 20467 441 15 introduced introduce VBN 20467 441 16 pine pine NN 20467 441 17 in in IN 20467 441 18 the the DT 20467 441 19 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 441 20 , , , 20467 441 21 were be VBD 20467 441 22 formerly formerly RB 20467 441 23 scattered scatter VBN 20467 441 24 over over IN 20467 441 25 a a DT 20467 441 26 rocky rocky JJ 20467 441 27 pasture pasture NN 20467 441 28 and and CC 20467 441 29 in in IN 20467 441 30 the the DT 20467 441 31 adjoining adjoining JJ 20467 441 32 woods wood NNS 20467 441 33 , , , 20467 441 34 a a DT 20467 441 35 tract tract NN 20467 441 36 of of IN 20467 441 37 about about RB 20467 441 38 two two CD 20467 441 39 acres acre NNS 20467 441 40 in in IN 20467 441 41 extent extent NN 20467 441 42 . . . 20467 442 1 Most Most JJS 20467 442 2 of of IN 20467 442 3 these these DT 20467 442 4 were be VBD 20467 442 5 cut cut VBN 20467 442 6 down down RP 20467 442 7 in in IN 20467 442 8 1898 1898 CD 20467 442 9 , , , 20467 442 10 but but CC 20467 442 11 the the DT 20467 442 12 survivors survivor NNS 20467 442 13 , , , 20467 442 14 if if IN 20467 442 15 left leave VBN 20467 442 16 to to IN 20467 442 17 themselves -PRON- PRP 20467 442 18 , , , 20467 442 19 will will MD 20467 442 20 doubtless doubtless RB 20467 442 21 multiply multiply VB 20467 442 22 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 442 23 , , , 20467 442 24 as as IN 20467 442 25 the the DT 20467 442 26 conditions condition NNS 20467 442 27 have have VBP 20467 442 28 proved prove VBN 20467 442 29 very very RB 20467 442 30 favorable favorable JJ 20467 442 31 ( ( -LRB- 20467 442 32 C. C. NNP 20467 442 33 H. H. NNP 20467 442 34 Bissell Bissell NNP 20467 442 35 _ _ NNP 20467 442 36 in in IN 20467 442 37 lit lit NN 20467 442 38 . . . 20467 442 39 _ _ NNP 20467 442 40 , , , 20467 442 41 1899 1899 CD 20467 442 42 ) ) -RRB- 20467 442 43 . . . 20467 443 1 Like like IN 20467 443 2 _ _ NNP 20467 443 3 P. P. NNP 20467 444 1 resinosa resinosa NNP 20467 444 2 _ _ NNP 20467 444 3 and and CC 20467 444 4 _ _ NNP 20467 444 5 P. P. NNP 20467 445 1 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 445 2 _ _ NNP 20467 445 3 , , , 20467 445 4 it -PRON- PRP 20467 445 5 has have VBZ 20467 445 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 445 7 foliage foliage NN 20467 445 8 leaves leave NNS 20467 445 9 in in IN 20467 445 10 twos two NNS 20467 445 11 , , , 20467 445 12 with with IN 20467 445 13 neither neither DT 20467 445 14 of of IN 20467 445 15 which which WDT 20467 445 16 , , , 20467 445 17 however however RB 20467 445 18 , , , 20467 445 19 is be VBZ 20467 445 20 it -PRON- PRP 20467 445 21 likely likely JJ 20467 445 22 to to TO 20467 445 23 be be VB 20467 445 24 confounded confound VBN 20467 445 25 ; ; : 20467 445 26 aside aside RB 20467 445 27 from from IN 20467 445 28 the the DT 20467 445 29 habit habit NN 20467 445 30 , , , 20467 445 31 which which WDT 20467 445 32 is be VBZ 20467 445 33 quite quite RB 20467 445 34 different different JJ 20467 445 35 , , , 20467 445 36 it -PRON- PRP 20467 445 37 may may MD 20467 445 38 be be VB 20467 445 39 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 445 40 from from IN 20467 445 41 the the DT 20467 445 42 former former JJ 20467 445 43 by by IN 20467 445 44 the the DT 20467 445 45 shortness shortness NN 20467 445 46 of of IN 20467 445 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 445 48 leaves leave NNS 20467 445 49 , , , 20467 445 50 which which WDT 20467 445 51 are be VBP 20467 445 52 less less JJR 20467 445 53 than than IN 20467 445 54 2 2 CD 20467 445 55 inches inch NNS 20467 445 56 long long JJ 20467 445 57 , , , 20467 445 58 while while IN 20467 445 59 those those DT 20467 445 60 of of IN 20467 445 61 _ _ NNP 20467 445 62 P. P. NNP 20467 446 1 resinosa resinosa NNP 20467 446 2 _ _ NNP 20467 446 3 are be VBP 20467 446 4 5 5 CD 20467 446 5 or or CC 20467 446 6 6 6 CD 20467 446 7 ; ; : 20467 446 8 and and CC 20467 446 9 from from IN 20467 446 10 the the DT 20467 446 11 latter latter JJ 20467 446 12 by by IN 20467 446 13 the the DT 20467 446 14 position position NN 20467 446 15 of of IN 20467 446 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 446 17 cones cone NNS 20467 446 18 , , , 20467 446 19 which which WDT 20467 446 20 point point VBP 20467 446 21 outward outward RB 20467 446 22 and and CC 20467 446 23 downward downward RB 20467 446 24 at at IN 20467 446 25 maturity maturity NN 20467 446 26 , , , 20467 446 27 while while IN 20467 446 28 those those DT 20467 446 29 of of IN 20467 446 30 _ _ NNP 20467 446 31 P. P. NNP 20467 447 1 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 447 2 _ _ NNP 20467 447 3 follow follow VBP 20467 447 4 the the DT 20467 447 5 direction direction NN 20467 447 6 of of IN 20467 447 7 the the DT 20467 447 8 twig twig NNP 20467 447 9 . . . 20467 448 1 Picea picea JJ 20467 448 2 nigra nigra NN 20467 448 3 , , , 20467 448 4 Link Link NNP 20467 448 5 . . . 20467 449 1 _ _ NNP 20467 449 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 449 3 Mariana Mariana NNP 20467 449 4 , , , 20467 449 5 B. B. NNP 20467 449 6 S. S. NNP 20467 449 7 P. P. NNP 20467 449 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 449 9 including include VBG 20467 449 10 Picea Picea NNP 20467 449 11 brevifolia brevifolia NNS 20467 449 12 , , , 20467 449 13 Peck Peck NNP 20467 449 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 449 15 . . . 20467 449 16 _ _ NNP 20467 449 17 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 449 18 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 449 19 . . . 20467 450 1 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 450 2 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 450 3 . . . 20467 451 1 DOUBLE DOUBLE NNP 20467 451 2 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 451 3 . . . 20467 452 1 WATER water NN 20467 452 2 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 452 3 . . . 20467 453 1 = = NFP 20467 453 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 453 3 and and CC 20467 453 4 Range.=--Swamps range.=--swamp NNS 20467 453 5 , , , 20467 453 6 sphagnum sphagnum NNP 20467 453 7 bogs bogs NNP 20467 453 8 , , , 20467 453 9 shores shore NNS 20467 453 10 of of IN 20467 453 11 rivers river NNS 20467 453 12 and and CC 20467 453 13 ponds pond NNS 20467 453 14 , , , 20467 453 15 wet wet JJ 20467 453 16 , , , 20467 453 17 rocky rocky JJ 20467 453 18 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 453 19 ; ; : 20467 453 20 not not RB 20467 453 21 uncommon uncommon JJ 20467 453 22 , , , 20467 453 23 especially especially RB 20467 453 24 northward northward RB 20467 453 25 , , , 20467 453 26 on on IN 20467 453 27 dry dry JJ 20467 453 28 uplands upland NNS 20467 453 29 and and CC 20467 453 30 mountain mountain NN 20467 453 31 slopes slope NNS 20467 453 32 . . . 20467 454 1 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 454 2 , , , 20467 454 3 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 454 4 , , , 20467 454 5 and and CC 20467 454 6 Nova Nova NNP 20467 454 7 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 454 8 , , , 20467 454 9 westward westward RB 20467 454 10 beyond beyond IN 20467 454 11 the the DT 20467 454 12 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 454 13 mountains mountain NNS 20467 454 14 , , , 20467 454 15 extending extend VBG 20467 454 16 northward northward RB 20467 454 17 along along IN 20467 454 18 the the DT 20467 454 19 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 454 20 of of IN 20467 454 21 the the DT 20467 454 22 Yukon Yukon NNP 20467 454 23 in in IN 20467 454 24 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 454 25 . . . 20467 455 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 455 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 455 3 , , , 20467 455 4 covering cover VBG 20467 455 5 extensive extensive JJ 20467 455 6 areas area NNS 20467 455 7 almost almost RB 20467 455 8 to to IN 20467 455 9 the the DT 20467 455 10 exclusion exclusion NN 20467 455 11 of of IN 20467 455 12 other other JJ 20467 455 13 trees tree NNS 20467 455 14 in in IN 20467 455 15 the the DT 20467 455 16 central central JJ 20467 455 17 and and CC 20467 455 18 northern northern JJ 20467 455 19 sections section NNS 20467 455 20 , , , 20467 455 21 occasional occasional JJ 20467 455 22 on on IN 20467 455 23 the the DT 20467 455 24 top top NN 20467 455 25 of of IN 20467 455 26 Katahdin Katahdin NNP 20467 455 27 ( ( -LRB- 20467 455 28 5215 5215 CD 20467 455 29 feet foot NNS 20467 455 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 455 31 ; ; : 20467 455 32 New New NNP 20467 455 33 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 455 34 and and CC 20467 455 35 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 455 36 in in IN 20467 455 37 sphagnum sphagnum JJ 20467 455 38 swamps swamp NNS 20467 455 39 of of IN 20467 455 40 low low JJ 20467 455 41 and and CC 20467 455 42 high high JJ 20467 455 43 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 455 44 ; ; : 20467 455 45 the the DT 20467 455 46 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 455 47 form form NN 20467 455 48 , , , 20467 455 49 var var NN 20467 455 50 . . . 20467 456 1 _ _ NNP 20467 456 2 semi semi JJ 20467 456 3 - - NN 20467 456 4 prostrata prostrata NN 20467 456 5 _ _ NNP 20467 456 6 , , , 20467 456 7 occurs occur VBZ 20467 456 8 on on IN 20467 456 9 the the DT 20467 456 10 summit summit NN 20467 456 11 of of IN 20467 456 12 Mt. Mount NNP 20467 457 1 Mansfield Mansfield NNP 20467 457 2 ( ( -LRB- 20467 457 3 _ _ NNP 20467 457 4 Flora Flora NNP 20467 457 5 of of IN 20467 457 6 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 457 7 _ _ NNP 20467 457 8 , , , 20467 457 9 1900 1900 CD 20467 457 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 457 11 ; ; : 20467 457 12 Massachusetts,--frequent Massachusetts,--frequent NNP 20467 457 13 ; ; : 20467 457 14 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 457 15 Island,--not Island,--not NNP 20467 457 16 reported report VBD 20467 457 17 ; ; : 20467 457 18 Connecticut,--rare connecticut,--rare NN 20467 457 19 ; ; : 20467 457 20 on on IN 20467 457 21 north north NN 20467 457 22 shore shore NN 20467 457 23 of of IN 20467 457 24 Spectacle Spectacle NNP 20467 457 25 ponds pond NNS 20467 457 26 in in IN 20467 457 27 Kent Kent NNP 20467 457 28 ( ( -LRB- 20467 457 29 Litchfield Litchfield NNP 20467 457 30 county county NN 20467 457 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 457 32 , , , 20467 457 33 at at IN 20467 457 34 an an DT 20467 457 35 elevation elevation NN 20467 457 36 of of IN 20467 457 37 1200 1200 CD 20467 457 38 feet foot NNS 20467 457 39 ; ; : 20467 457 40 Newton Newton NNP 20467 457 41 ( ( -LRB- 20467 457 42 Fairfield Fairfield NNP 20467 457 43 county county NN 20467 457 44 ) ) -RRB- 20467 457 45 , , , 20467 457 46 a a DT 20467 457 47 few few JJ 20467 457 48 scattered scatter VBN 20467 457 49 trees tree NNS 20467 457 50 in in IN 20467 457 51 a a DT 20467 457 52 swamp swamp NN 20467 457 53 at at IN 20467 457 54 an an DT 20467 457 55 altitude altitude NN 20467 457 56 of of IN 20467 457 57 400 400 CD 20467 457 58 feet foot NNS 20467 457 59 : : : 20467 457 60 ( ( -LRB- 20467 457 61 New New NNP 20467 457 62 Haven Haven NNP 20467 457 63 county county NN 20467 457 64 ) ) -RRB- 20467 457 65 a a DT 20467 457 66 few few JJ 20467 457 67 small small JJ 20467 457 68 trees tree NNS 20467 457 69 at at IN 20467 457 70 Bethany Bethany NNP 20467 457 71 ; ; : 20467 457 72 at at IN 20467 457 73 Middlebury Middlebury NNP 20467 457 74 abundant abundant JJ 20467 457 75 in in IN 20467 457 76 a a DT 20467 457 77 swamp swamp NN 20467 457 78 of of IN 20467 457 79 five five CD 20467 457 80 acres acre NNS 20467 457 81 ( ( -LRB- 20467 457 82 E. E. NNP 20467 457 83 B. B. NNP 20467 457 84 Harger Harger NNP 20467 457 85 , , , 20467 457 86 _ _ NNP 20467 457 87 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 457 88 _ _ NNP 20467 457 89 , , , 20467 457 90 II II NNP 20467 457 91 , , , 20467 457 92 126 126 CD 20467 457 93 ) ) -RRB- 20467 457 94 . . . 20467 458 1 South south RB 20467 458 2 along along IN 20467 458 3 the the DT 20467 458 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 458 5 to to IN 20467 458 6 North North NNP 20467 458 7 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 458 8 and and CC 20467 458 9 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 458 10 ; ; : 20467 458 11 west west NN 20467 458 12 through through IN 20467 458 13 the the DT 20467 458 14 northern northern JJ 20467 458 15 tier tier NN 20467 458 16 of of IN 20467 458 17 states state NNS 20467 458 18 to to IN 20467 458 19 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 458 20 . . . 20467 459 1 = = NFP 20467 459 2 Habit.=--In Habit.=--In NNP 20467 459 3 New New NNP 20467 459 4 England England NNP 20467 459 5 , , , 20467 459 6 usually usually RB 20467 459 7 a a DT 20467 459 8 small small JJ 20467 459 9 , , , 20467 459 10 slender slender NN 20467 459 11 tree tree NN 20467 459 12 , , , 20467 459 13 10 10 CD 20467 459 14 - - SYM 20467 459 15 30 30 CD 20467 459 16 feet foot NNS 20467 459 17 high high JJ 20467 459 18 and and CC 20467 459 19 5 5 CD 20467 459 20 - - SYM 20467 459 21 8 8 CD 20467 459 22 inches inch NNS 20467 459 23 in in IN 20467 459 24 diameter diameter NN 20467 459 25 ; ; , 20467 459 26 attaining attain VBG 20467 459 27 northward northward RB 20467 459 28 and and CC 20467 459 29 westward westward RB 20467 459 30 much much RB 20467 459 31 greater great JJR 20467 459 32 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 459 33 ; ; , 20467 459 34 reduced reduce VBN 20467 459 35 at at IN 20467 459 36 high high JJ 20467 459 37 elevation elevation NN 20467 459 38 to to IN 20467 459 39 a a DT 20467 459 40 shrub shrub NN 20467 459 41 or or CC 20467 459 42 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 459 43 tree tree NN 20467 459 44 , , , 20467 459 45 2 2 CD 20467 459 46 or or CC 20467 459 47 3 3 CD 20467 459 48 feet foot NNS 20467 459 49 high high JJ 20467 459 50 ; ; : 20467 459 51 trunk trunk NN 20467 459 52 tapering taper VBG 20467 459 53 very very RB 20467 459 54 slowly slowly RB 20467 459 55 , , , 20467 459 56 forming form VBG 20467 459 57 a a DT 20467 459 58 narrow narrow NN 20467 459 59 - - HYPH 20467 459 60 based base VBN 20467 459 61 , , , 20467 459 62 conical conical JJ 20467 459 63 , , , 20467 459 64 more more RBR 20467 459 65 or or CC 20467 459 66 less less RBR 20467 459 67 irregular irregular JJ 20467 459 68 head head NN 20467 459 69 ; ; : 20467 459 70 branches branch NNS 20467 459 71 rather rather RB 20467 459 72 short short JJ 20467 459 73 , , , 20467 459 74 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 459 75 whorled whorled JJ 20467 459 76 , , , 20467 459 77 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 459 78 or or CC 20467 459 79 more more RBR 20467 459 80 frequently frequently RB 20467 459 81 declining decline VBG 20467 459 82 with with IN 20467 459 83 an an DT 20467 459 84 upward upward JJ 20467 459 85 tendency tendency NN 20467 459 86 at at IN 20467 459 87 the the DT 20467 459 88 ends end NNS 20467 459 89 , , , 20467 459 90 often often RB 20467 459 91 growing grow VBG 20467 459 92 in in IN 20467 459 93 open open JJ 20467 459 94 swamps swamp NNS 20467 459 95 almost almost RB 20467 459 96 to to IN 20467 459 97 the the DT 20467 459 98 ground ground NN 20467 459 99 , , , 20467 459 100 the the DT 20467 459 101 lowest low JJS 20467 459 102 prostrate prostrate NN 20467 459 103 , , , 20467 459 104 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 459 105 rooting root VBG 20467 459 106 at at IN 20467 459 107 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 459 108 tips tip NNS 20467 459 109 and and CC 20467 459 110 sending send VBG 20467 459 111 up up RP 20467 459 112 shoots shoot NNS 20467 459 113 ; ; : 20467 459 114 spray spray VB 20467 459 115 stiff stiff JJ 20467 459 116 and and CC 20467 459 117 rather rather RB 20467 459 118 slender slend JJR 20467 459 119 ; ; : 20467 459 120 foliage foliage NN 20467 459 121 dark dark JJ 20467 459 122 bluish bluish JJ 20467 459 123 - - HYPH 20467 459 124 green green JJ 20467 459 125 or or CC 20467 459 126 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 459 127 . . . 20467 460 1 This this DT 20467 460 2 tree tree NN 20467 460 3 often often RB 20467 460 4 begins begin VBZ 20467 460 5 to to TO 20467 460 6 blossom blossom NNS 20467 460 7 after after IN 20467 460 8 attaining attain VBG 20467 460 9 a a DT 20467 460 10 height height NN 20467 460 11 of of IN 20467 460 12 2 2 CD 20467 460 13 - - SYM 20467 460 14 5 5 CD 20467 460 15 feet foot NNS 20467 460 16 , , , 20467 460 17 the the DT 20467 460 18 terminal terminal NN 20467 460 19 cones cone VBZ 20467 460 20 each each DT 20467 460 21 season season NN 20467 460 22 remaining remain VBG 20467 460 23 persistent persistent NN 20467 460 24 at at IN 20467 460 25 the the DT 20467 460 26 base base NN 20467 460 27 of of IN 20467 460 28 the the DT 20467 460 29 branches branch NNS 20467 460 30 , , , 20467 460 31 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 460 32 for for IN 20467 460 33 many many JJ 20467 460 34 years year NNS 20467 460 35 . . . 20467 461 1 = = NFP 20467 461 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 461 3 of of IN 20467 461 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 461 5 grayish grayish NNP 20467 461 6 - - HYPH 20467 461 7 brown brown NNP 20467 461 8 , , , 20467 461 9 separating separate VBG 20467 461 10 into into IN 20467 461 11 rather rather RB 20467 461 12 close close JJ 20467 461 13 , , , 20467 461 14 thin thin JJ 20467 461 15 scales scale NNS 20467 461 16 ; ; : 20467 461 17 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 461 18 roughened roughen VBN 20467 461 19 with with IN 20467 461 20 the the DT 20467 461 21 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 461 22 of of IN 20467 461 23 the the DT 20467 461 24 fallen fall VBN 20467 461 25 leaves leave NNS 20467 461 26 ; ; , 20467 461 27 twigs twig NNS 20467 461 28 in in IN 20467 461 29 autumn autumn NN 20467 461 30 dull dull JJ 20467 461 31 reddish reddish JJ 20467 461 32 - - HYPH 20467 461 33 brown brown JJ 20467 461 34 with with IN 20467 461 35 a a DT 20467 461 36 minute minute NN 20467 461 37 , , , 20467 461 38 erect erect NN 20467 461 39 , , , 20467 461 40 pale pale JJ 20467 461 41 , , , 20467 461 42 rusty rusty JJ 20467 461 43 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 461 44 , , , 20467 461 45 or or CC 20467 461 46 nearly nearly RB 20467 461 47 smooth smooth JJ 20467 461 48 . . . 20467 462 1 = = NFP 20467 462 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 462 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 462 4 and and CC 20467 462 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 462 6 scaly scaly NNP 20467 462 7 , , , 20467 462 8 ovate ovate NN 20467 462 9 , , , 20467 462 10 pointed point VBD 20467 462 11 , , , 20467 462 12 reddish reddish JJ 20467 462 13 - - HYPH 20467 462 14 brown brown JJ 20467 462 15 . . . 20467 463 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 463 2 scattered scatter VBN 20467 463 3 , , , 20467 463 4 needle needle NN 20467 463 5 - - HYPH 20467 463 6 shaped shaped JJ 20467 463 7 , , , 20467 463 8 dark dark JJ 20467 463 9 bluish bluish NN 20467 463 10 - - HYPH 20467 463 11 green green JJ 20467 463 12 , , , 20467 463 13 the the DT 20467 463 14 upper upper JJ 20467 463 15 sides side NNS 20467 463 16 becoming become VBG 20467 463 17 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 463 18 in in IN 20467 463 19 the the DT 20467 463 20 sunlight sunlight NN 20467 463 21 , , , 20467 463 22 the the DT 20467 463 23 faces face NNS 20467 463 24 marked mark VBN 20467 463 25 by by IN 20467 463 26 parallel parallel JJ 20467 463 27 rows row NNS 20467 463 28 of of IN 20467 463 29 minute minute JJ 20467 463 30 bluish bluish JJ 20467 463 31 dots dot NNS 20467 463 32 which which WDT 20467 463 33 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 463 34 give give VBP 20467 463 35 a a DT 20467 463 36 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 463 37 effect effect NN 20467 463 38 to to IN 20467 463 39 the the DT 20467 463 40 lower low JJR 20467 463 41 surface surface NN 20467 463 42 or or CC 20467 463 43 even even RB 20467 463 44 the the DT 20467 463 45 whole whole JJ 20467 463 46 leaf leaf NN 20467 463 47 on on IN 20467 463 48 the the DT 20467 463 49 new new JJ 20467 463 50 shoots shoot NNS 20467 463 51 , , , 20467 463 52 4-angled 4-angled CD 20467 463 53 , , , 20467 463 54 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 463 55 - - SYM 20467 463 56 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 463 57 of of IN 20467 463 58 an an DT 20467 463 59 inch inch NN 20467 463 60 long long JJ 20467 463 61 , , , 20467 463 62 straight straight JJ 20467 463 63 or or CC 20467 463 64 slightly slightly RB 20467 463 65 incurved incurve VBN 20467 463 66 , , , 20467 463 67 blunt blunt JJ 20467 463 68 at at IN 20467 463 69 the the DT 20467 463 70 apex apex NN 20467 463 71 , , , 20467 463 72 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 463 73 tipped tip VBN 20467 463 74 or or CC 20467 463 75 mucronate mucronate NN 20467 463 76 , , , 20467 463 77 sessile sessile VB 20467 463 78 on on IN 20467 463 79 persistent persistent JJ 20467 463 80 , , , 20467 463 81 decurrent decurrent NN 20467 463 82 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 463 83 . . . 20467 464 1 = = NFP 20467 464 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 464 3 to to IN 20467 464 4 May May NNP 20467 464 5 , , , 20467 464 6 a a DT 20467 464 7 week week NN 20467 464 8 or or CC 20467 464 9 two two CD 20467 464 10 earlier early JJR 20467 464 11 than than IN 20467 464 12 the the DT 20467 464 13 red red JJ 20467 464 14 spruce spruce NN 20467 464 15 ; ; : 20467 464 16 sterile sterile JJ 20467 464 17 flowers flower NNS 20467 464 18 terminal terminal NN 20467 464 19 or or CC 20467 464 20 axillary axillary JJ 20467 464 21 , , , 20467 464 22 on on IN 20467 464 23 wood wood NN 20467 464 24 of of IN 20467 464 25 the the DT 20467 464 26 preceding precede VBG 20467 464 27 year year NN 20467 464 28 ; ; : 20467 464 29 about about RB 20467 464 30 3/8 3/8 CD 20467 464 31 inch inch NN 20467 464 32 long long JJ 20467 464 33 , , , 20467 464 34 ovate ovate JJ 20467 464 35 ; ; : 20467 464 36 anthers anther NNS 20467 464 37 madder madder NN 20467 464 38 - - HYPH 20467 464 39 red red JJ 20467 464 40 : : : 20467 464 41 fertile fertile JJ 20467 464 42 flowers flower NNS 20467 464 43 at at IN 20467 464 44 or or CC 20467 464 45 near near IN 20467 464 46 end end NN 20467 464 47 of of IN 20467 464 48 season season NN 20467 464 49 's 's POS 20467 464 50 shoots shoot NNS 20467 464 51 , , , 20467 464 52 erect erect NN 20467 464 53 ; ; : 20467 464 54 scales scale VBZ 20467 464 55 madder madder NNP 20467 464 56 - - HYPH 20467 464 57 red red NNP 20467 464 58 , , , 20467 464 59 spirally spirally RB 20467 464 60 imbricated imbricated JJ 20467 464 61 , , , 20467 464 62 broader broad JJR 20467 464 63 than than IN 20467 464 64 long long RB 20467 464 65 , , , 20467 464 66 margin margin NN 20467 464 67 erose erose VBD 20467 464 68 , , , 20467 464 69 rarely rarely RB 20467 464 70 entire entire JJ 20467 464 71 . . . 20467 465 1 = = NFP 20467 465 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 465 3 , , , 20467 465 4 single single JJ 20467 465 5 or or CC 20467 465 6 clustered cluster VBN 20467 465 7 at at IN 20467 465 8 or or CC 20467 465 9 near near IN 20467 465 10 ends end NNS 20467 465 11 of of IN 20467 465 12 the the DT 20467 465 13 season season NN 20467 465 14 's 's POS 20467 465 15 shoots shoot NNS 20467 465 16 , , , 20467 465 17 attached attach VBN 20467 465 18 to to IN 20467 465 19 the the DT 20467 465 20 upper upper JJ 20467 465 21 side side NN 20467 465 22 of of IN 20467 465 23 the the DT 20467 465 24 twig twig NN 20467 465 25 , , , 20467 465 26 but but CC 20467 465 27 turning turn VBG 20467 465 28 downward downward RB 20467 465 29 by by IN 20467 465 30 the the DT 20467 465 31 twisting twisting NN 20467 465 32 of of IN 20467 465 33 the the DT 20467 465 34 stout stout JJ 20467 465 35 stalk stalk NN 20467 465 36 , , , 20467 465 37 often often RB 20467 465 38 persistent persistent JJ 20467 465 39 for for IN 20467 465 40 years year NNS 20467 465 41 ; ; : 20467 465 42 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 465 43 - - SYM 20467 465 44 1 1 CD 20467 465 45 - - HYPH 20467 465 46 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 465 47 inches inch NNS 20467 465 48 long long JJ 20467 465 49 ; ; : 20467 465 50 purplish purplish JJ 20467 465 51 or or CC 20467 465 52 grayish grayish NN 20467 465 53 brown brown NNP 20467 465 54 at at IN 20467 465 55 the the DT 20467 465 56 end end NN 20467 465 57 of of IN 20467 465 58 the the DT 20467 465 59 first first JJ 20467 465 60 season season NN 20467 465 61 , , , 20467 465 62 finally finally RB 20467 465 63 becoming become VBG 20467 465 64 dull dull JJ 20467 465 65 reddish reddish JJ 20467 465 66 or or CC 20467 465 67 grayish grayish NN 20467 465 68 brown brown NNP 20467 465 69 , , , 20467 465 70 ovate ovate JJ 20467 465 71 , , , 20467 465 72 ovate ovate NN 20467 465 73 - - HYPH 20467 465 74 oval oval NN 20467 465 75 , , , 20467 465 76 or or CC 20467 465 77 nearly nearly RB 20467 465 78 globular globular JJ 20467 465 79 when when WRB 20467 465 80 open open JJ 20467 465 81 ; ; : 20467 465 82 scales scale VBZ 20467 465 83 rigid rigid JJ 20467 465 84 , , , 20467 465 85 thin thin JJ 20467 465 86 , , , 20467 465 87 reddish reddish JJ 20467 465 88 on on IN 20467 465 89 the the DT 20467 465 90 inner inner JJ 20467 465 91 surface surface NN 20467 465 92 ; ; : 20467 465 93 margin margin NN 20467 465 94 rounded round VBD 20467 465 95 , , , 20467 465 96 uneven uneven RB 20467 465 97 , , , 20467 465 98 eroded erode VBD 20467 465 99 , , , 20467 465 100 bifid bifid VB 20467 465 101 , , , 20467 465 102 or or CC 20467 465 103 rarely rarely RB 20467 465 104 entire entire JJ 20467 465 105 . . . 20467 466 1 = = NFP 20467 466 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 466 3 Value.=--Best value.=--best NN 20467 466 4 adapted adapt VBN 20467 466 5 to to IN 20467 466 6 cool cool JJ 20467 466 7 , , , 20467 466 8 moist moist JJ 20467 466 9 soils soil NNS 20467 466 10 ; ; : 20467 466 11 of of IN 20467 466 12 little little JJ 20467 466 13 value value NN 20467 466 14 under under IN 20467 466 15 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 466 16 ; ; : 20467 466 17 young young JJ 20467 466 18 plants plant NNS 20467 466 19 seldom seldom RB 20467 466 20 preserving preserve VBG 20467 466 21 the the DT 20467 466 22 broad broad RB 20467 466 23 - - HYPH 20467 466 24 based base VBN 20467 466 25 , , , 20467 466 26 cone cone NN 20467 466 27 - - HYPH 20467 466 28 like like JJ 20467 466 29 , , , 20467 466 30 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 466 31 heads head NNS 20467 466 32 common common JJ 20467 466 33 in in IN 20467 466 34 the the DT 20467 466 35 spruce spruce NN 20467 466 36 swamps swamp NNS 20467 466 37 , , , 20467 466 38 the the DT 20467 466 39 lower low JJR 20467 466 40 branches branch NNS 20467 466 41 dying die VBG 20467 466 42 out out RP 20467 466 43 and and CC 20467 466 44 the the DT 20467 466 45 whole whole JJ 20467 466 46 tree tree NN 20467 466 47 becoming become VBG 20467 466 48 scraggly scraggly RB 20467 466 49 and and CC 20467 466 50 unsightly unsightly RB 20467 466 51 . . . 20467 467 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 467 2 offered offer VBN 20467 467 3 by by IN 20467 467 4 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 467 5 . . . 20467 468 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 468 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 468 3 : : : 20467 468 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 468 5 VI.--Picea VI.--Picea VBZ 20467 468 6 nigra nigra RB 20467 468 7 . . . 20467 468 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 469 1 1 1 LS 20467 469 2 . . . 20467 470 1 Branch branch NN 20467 470 2 with with IN 20467 470 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 470 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 470 5 . . . 20467 471 1 2 2 LS 20467 471 2 . . . 20467 472 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 472 2 , , , 20467 472 3 front front JJ 20467 472 4 view view NN 20467 472 5 . . . 20467 473 1 3 3 LS 20467 473 2 . . . 20467 474 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 474 2 , , , 20467 474 3 side side JJ 20467 474 4 view view NN 20467 474 5 . . . 20467 475 1 4 4 LS 20467 475 2 . . . 20467 476 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 476 2 , , , 20467 476 3 top top JJ 20467 476 4 view view NN 20467 476 5 . . . 20467 477 1 5 5 CD 20467 477 2 . . . 20467 478 1 Branch branch NN 20467 478 2 with with IN 20467 478 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 478 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 478 5 . . . 20467 479 1 6 6 CD 20467 479 2 . . . 20467 480 1 Cover cover NN 20467 480 2 - - HYPH 20467 480 3 scale scale NN 20467 480 4 and and CC 20467 480 5 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 480 6 scale scale NN 20467 480 7 , , , 20467 480 8 outer outer JJ 20467 480 9 side side NN 20467 480 10 . . . 20467 481 1 7 7 LS 20467 481 2 . . . 20467 482 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 482 2 scale scale NN 20467 482 3 with with IN 20467 482 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 482 5 , , , 20467 482 6 inner inner JJ 20467 482 7 side side NN 20467 482 8 . . . 20467 483 1 8 8 LS 20467 483 2 . . . 20467 484 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 484 2 branch branch NN 20467 484 3 . . . 20467 485 1 9 9 CD 20467 485 2 . . . 20467 486 1 Seed seed NN 20467 486 2 . . . 20467 487 1 10 10 CD 20467 487 2 . . . 20467 488 1 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 488 2 . . . 20467 489 1 11 11 CD 20467 489 2 . . . 20467 490 1 Cross cross NN 20467 490 2 - - NNS 20467 490 3 sections section NNS 20467 490 4 of of IN 20467 490 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 490 6 . . . 20467 491 1 = = NFP 20467 491 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 491 3 rubra rubra NN 20467 491 4 , , , 20467 491 5 Link.= Link.= NNP 20467 491 6 _ _ NNP 20467 491 7 Picea Picea NNP 20467 491 8 rubens ruben VBZ 20467 491 9 , , , 20467 491 10 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 491 11 . . . 20467 492 1 Picea Picea NNP 20467 492 2 nigra nigra NN 20467 492 3 , , , 20467 492 4 var var NN 20467 492 5 . . . 20467 493 1 rubra rubra NNP 20467 493 2 , , , 20467 493 3 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 493 4 . . . 20467 493 5 _ _ NNP 20467 493 6 RED RED NNP 20467 493 7 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 493 8 . . . 20467 494 1 = = NFP 20467 494 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 494 3 and and CC 20467 494 4 Range.=--Cool range.=--cool NN 20467 494 5 , , , 20467 494 6 rich rich JJ 20467 494 7 woods wood NNS 20467 494 8 , , , 20467 494 9 well well RB 20467 494 10 - - HYPH 20467 494 11 drained drain VBN 20467 494 12 valleys valley NNS 20467 494 13 , , , 20467 494 14 slopes slope NNS 20467 494 15 of of IN 20467 494 16 mountains mountain NNS 20467 494 17 , , , 20467 494 18 not not RB 20467 494 19 infrequently infrequently RB 20467 494 20 extending extend VBG 20467 494 21 down down IN 20467 494 22 to to IN 20467 494 23 the the DT 20467 494 24 borders border NNS 20467 494 25 of of IN 20467 494 26 swamps swamp NNS 20467 494 27 . . . 20467 495 1 Prince Prince NNP 20467 495 2 Edward Edward NNP 20467 495 3 island island NN 20467 495 4 and and CC 20467 495 5 Nova Nova NNP 20467 495 6 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 495 7 , , , 20467 495 8 along along IN 20467 495 9 the the DT 20467 495 10 valley valley NN 20467 495 11 of of IN 20467 495 12 the the DT 20467 495 13 St. St. NNP 20467 495 14 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 20467 495 15 . . . 20467 496 1 Maine,--throughout maine,--throughout RB 20467 496 2 : : : 20467 496 3 most most RBS 20467 496 4 common common JJ 20467 496 5 towards towards IN 20467 496 6 the the DT 20467 496 7 coast coast NN 20467 496 8 and and CC 20467 496 9 in in IN 20467 496 10 the the DT 20467 496 11 extreme extreme JJ 20467 496 12 north north NN 20467 496 13 , , , 20467 496 14 thus thus RB 20467 496 15 forming form VBG 20467 496 16 a a DT 20467 496 17 belt belt NN 20467 496 18 around around IN 20467 496 19 the the DT 20467 496 20 central central JJ 20467 496 21 area area NN 20467 496 22 , , , 20467 496 23 where where WRB 20467 496 24 it -PRON- PRP 20467 496 25 is be VBZ 20467 496 26 often often RB 20467 496 27 quite quite RB 20467 496 28 wanting want VBG 20467 496 29 except except IN 20467 496 30 on on IN 20467 496 31 cool cool JJ 20467 496 32 or or CC 20467 496 33 elevated elevated JJ 20467 496 34 slopes slope NNS 20467 496 35 ; ; : 20467 496 36 New New NNP 20467 496 37 Hampshire,--throughout Hampshire,--throughout NNP 20467 496 38 ; ; : 20467 496 39 the the DT 20467 496 40 most most RBS 20467 496 41 abundant abundant JJ 20467 496 42 conifer conifer NN 20467 496 43 of of IN 20467 496 44 upper upper JJ 20467 496 45 Coos Coos NNP 20467 496 46 , , , 20467 496 47 the the DT 20467 496 48 White White NNP 20467 496 49 mountain mountain NN 20467 496 50 region region NN 20467 496 51 where where WRB 20467 496 52 it -PRON- PRP 20467 496 53 climbs climb VBZ 20467 496 54 to to IN 20467 496 55 the the DT 20467 496 56 alpine alpine NN 20467 496 57 area area NN 20467 496 58 , , , 20467 496 59 and and CC 20467 496 60 the the DT 20467 496 61 higher high JJR 20467 496 62 parts part NNS 20467 496 63 of of IN 20467 496 64 the the DT 20467 496 65 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 496 66 - - HYPH 20467 496 67 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 496 68 watershed watershed NN 20467 496 69 ; ; : 20467 496 70 Vermont,--throughout vermont,--throughout NN 20467 496 71 ; ; : 20467 496 72 the the DT 20467 496 73 common common JJ 20467 496 74 spruce spruce NN 20467 496 75 of of IN 20467 496 76 the the DT 20467 496 77 Green green JJ 20467 496 78 mountains mountain NNS 20467 496 79 , , , 20467 496 80 often often RB 20467 496 81 in in IN 20467 496 82 dense dense JJ 20467 496 83 groves grove NNS 20467 496 84 on on IN 20467 496 85 rocky rocky JJ 20467 496 86 slopes slope NNS 20467 496 87 with with IN 20467 496 88 thin thin JJ 20467 496 89 soil soil NN 20467 496 90 ; ; : 20467 496 91 Massachusetts,--common Massachusetts,--common NNP 20467 496 92 in in IN 20467 496 93 the the DT 20467 496 94 mountainous mountainous JJ 20467 496 95 regions region NNS 20467 496 96 of of IN 20467 496 97 Berkshire Berkshire NNP 20467 496 98 county county NN 20467 496 99 and and CC 20467 496 100 on on IN 20467 496 101 uplands upland NNS 20467 496 102 in in IN 20467 496 103 the the DT 20467 496 104 northern northern JJ 20467 496 105 sections section NNS 20467 496 106 , , , 20467 496 107 occasional occasional JJ 20467 496 108 southward southward NN 20467 496 109 ; ; : 20467 496 110 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 496 111 Island Island NNP 20467 496 112 and and CC 20467 496 113 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 496 114 reported report VBD 20467 496 115 . . . 20467 497 1 South south RB 20467 497 2 along along IN 20467 497 3 the the DT 20467 497 4 Alleghanies Alleghanies NNPS 20467 497 5 to to IN 20467 497 6 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 497 7 , , , 20467 497 8 ascending ascend VBG 20467 497 9 to to IN 20467 497 10 an an DT 20467 497 11 altitude altitude NN 20467 497 12 of of IN 20467 497 13 4500 4500 CD 20467 497 14 feet foot NNS 20467 497 15 in in IN 20467 497 16 the the DT 20467 497 17 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 20467 497 18 , , , 20467 497 19 and and CC 20467 497 20 4000 4000 CD 20467 497 21 - - SYM 20467 497 22 5000 5000 CD 20467 497 23 feet foot NNS 20467 497 24 in in IN 20467 497 25 West West NNP 20467 497 26 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 497 27 ; ; : 20467 497 28 west west NN 20467 497 29 through through IN 20467 497 30 the the DT 20467 497 31 northern northern JJ 20467 497 32 tier tier NN 20467 497 33 of of IN 20467 497 34 states state NNS 20467 497 35 to to IN 20467 497 36 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 497 37 . . . 20467 498 1 = = NFP 20467 498 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 498 3 hardy hardy JJ 20467 498 4 tree tree NN 20467 498 5 , , , 20467 498 6 40 40 CD 20467 498 7 - - SYM 20467 498 8 75 75 CD 20467 498 9 feet foot NNS 20467 498 10 high high JJ 20467 498 11 ; ; : 20467 498 12 trunk trunk NN 20467 498 13 1 1 CD 20467 498 14 - - HYPH 20467 498 15 2 2 CD 20467 498 16 - - HYPH 20467 498 17 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 498 18 feet foot NNS 20467 498 19 in in IN 20467 498 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 498 21 , , , 20467 498 22 straight straight RB 20467 498 23 , , , 20467 498 24 tapering taper VBG 20467 498 25 very very RB 20467 498 26 slowly slowly RB 20467 498 27 ; ; : 20467 498 28 branches branch NNS 20467 498 29 longer long RBR 20467 498 30 than than IN 20467 498 31 those those DT 20467 498 32 of of IN 20467 498 33 the the DT 20467 498 34 black black JJ 20467 498 35 spruce spruce NN 20467 498 36 , , , 20467 498 37 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 498 38 whorled whorle VBD 20467 498 39 or or CC 20467 498 40 scattered scatter VBN 20467 498 41 , , , 20467 498 42 the the DT 20467 498 43 lower lower RBR 20467 498 44 often often RB 20467 498 45 declined decline VBD 20467 498 46 , , , 20467 498 47 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 498 48 resting rest VBG 20467 498 49 on on IN 20467 498 50 the the DT 20467 498 51 ground ground NN 20467 498 52 , , , 20467 498 53 the the DT 20467 498 54 upper upper JJ 20467 498 55 rising rise VBG 20467 498 56 toward toward IN 20467 498 57 the the DT 20467 498 58 light light NN 20467 498 59 , , , 20467 498 60 forming form VBG 20467 498 61 while while IN 20467 498 62 the the DT 20467 498 63 tree tree NN 20467 498 64 is be VBZ 20467 498 65 young young JJ 20467 498 66 a a DT 20467 498 67 rather rather RB 20467 498 68 regular regular JJ 20467 498 69 , , , 20467 498 70 narrow narrow JJ 20467 498 71 , , , 20467 498 72 conical conical JJ 20467 498 73 head head NN 20467 498 74 , , , 20467 498 75 which which WDT 20467 498 76 in in IN 20467 498 77 old old JJ 20467 498 78 age age NN 20467 498 79 and and CC 20467 498 80 in in IN 20467 498 81 bleak bleak JJ 20467 498 82 mountain mountain NN 20467 498 83 regions region NNS 20467 498 84 becomes become VBZ 20467 498 85 , , , 20467 498 86 by by IN 20467 498 87 the the DT 20467 498 88 loss loss NN 20467 498 89 of of IN 20467 498 90 branches branch NNS 20467 498 91 , , , 20467 498 92 less less RBR 20467 498 93 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 498 94 but but CC 20467 498 95 more more JJR 20467 498 96 picturesque picturesque NN 20467 498 97 ; ; : 20467 498 98 foliage foliage JJ 20467 498 99 dark dark JJ 20467 498 100 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 498 101 - - HYPH 20467 498 102 green green JJ 20467 498 103 . . . 20467 499 1 = = NFP 20467 499 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 499 3 of of IN 20467 499 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 499 5 smoothish smoothish NN 20467 499 6 and and CC 20467 499 7 mottled mottle VBN 20467 499 8 on on IN 20467 499 9 young young JJ 20467 499 10 trees tree NNS 20467 499 11 , , , 20467 499 12 at at IN 20467 499 13 length length NN 20467 499 14 separating separate VBG 20467 499 15 into into IN 20467 499 16 small small JJ 20467 499 17 , , , 20467 499 18 thin thin JJ 20467 499 19 , , , 20467 499 20 flat flat JJ 20467 499 21 , , , 20467 499 22 reddish reddish JJ 20467 499 23 scales scale NNS 20467 499 24 ; ; : 20467 499 25 in in IN 20467 499 26 old old JJ 20467 499 27 trees tree NNS 20467 499 28 striate striate VBP 20467 499 29 with with IN 20467 499 30 shallow shallow JJ 20467 499 31 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 499 32 , , , 20467 499 33 separating separate VBG 20467 499 34 into into IN 20467 499 35 ashen ashen RB 20467 499 36 - - HYPH 20467 499 37 white white JJ 20467 499 38 plates plate NNS 20467 499 39 , , , 20467 499 40 often often RB 20467 499 41 partially partially RB 20467 499 42 detached detach VBN 20467 499 43 ; ; : 20467 499 44 spray spray VB 20467 499 45 reddish reddish JJ 20467 499 46 or or CC 20467 499 47 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 499 48 white white NN 20467 499 49 in in IN 20467 499 50 autumn autumn NN 20467 499 51 with with IN 20467 499 52 minute minute NN 20467 499 53 , , , 20467 499 54 erect erect NN 20467 499 55 , , , 20467 499 56 pale pale JJ 20467 499 57 rusty rusty JJ 20467 499 58 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 499 59 . . . 20467 500 1 = = NFP 20467 500 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 500 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 500 4 and and CC 20467 500 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 500 6 scaly scaly NNP 20467 500 7 , , , 20467 500 8 conical conical JJ 20467 500 9 , , , 20467 500 10 brownish brownish NNP 20467 500 11 , , , 20467 500 12 1/3 1/3 CD 20467 500 13 inch inch NN 20467 500 14 long long RB 20467 500 15 . . . 20467 501 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 501 2 solitary solitary JJ 20467 501 3 , , , 20467 501 4 at at IN 20467 501 5 first first RB 20467 501 6 closely closely RB 20467 501 7 appressed appresse VBN 20467 501 8 around around IN 20467 501 9 the the DT 20467 501 10 young young JJ 20467 501 11 shoots shoot NNS 20467 501 12 , , , 20467 501 13 ultimately ultimately RB 20467 501 14 pointing point VBG 20467 501 15 outward outward RB 20467 501 16 , , , 20467 501 17 those those DT 20467 501 18 on on IN 20467 501 19 the the DT 20467 501 20 underside underside NN 20467 501 21 often often RB 20467 501 22 twisting twist VBG 20467 501 23 upward upward RB 20467 501 24 , , , 20467 501 25 giving give VBG 20467 501 26 a a DT 20467 501 27 brush brush NN 20467 501 28 - - HYPH 20467 501 29 like like JJ 20467 501 30 appearance appearance NN 20467 501 31 to to IN 20467 501 32 the the DT 20467 501 33 twig twig NNP 20467 501 34 , , , 20467 501 35 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 501 36 - - SYM 20467 501 37 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 501 38 inch inch NN 20467 501 39 long long JJ 20467 501 40 , , , 20467 501 41 straight straight JJ 20467 501 42 or or CC 20467 501 43 curved curved JJ 20467 501 44 ( ( -LRB- 20467 501 45 curvature curvature VB 20467 501 46 more more RBR 20467 501 47 marked marked JJ 20467 501 48 than than IN 20467 501 49 in in IN 20467 501 50 _ _ NNP 20467 501 51 P. P. NNP 20467 502 1 nigra nigra NNP 20467 502 2 _ _ NNP 20467 502 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 502 4 , , , 20467 502 5 needle needle NN 20467 502 6 - - HYPH 20467 502 7 shaped shaped JJ 20467 502 8 , , , 20467 502 9 dark dark JJ 20467 502 10 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 502 11 - - HYPH 20467 502 12 green green JJ 20467 502 13 , , , 20467 502 14 4-angled 4-angled CD 20467 502 15 ; ; : 20467 502 16 apex apex NNP 20467 502 17 blunt blunt NNP 20467 502 18 or or CC 20467 502 19 more more RBR 20467 502 20 or or CC 20467 502 21 less less RBR 20467 502 22 pointed pointed JJ 20467 502 23 , , , 20467 502 24 often often RB 20467 502 25 mucronate mucronate JJ 20467 502 26 ; ; : 20467 502 27 base base NN 20467 502 28 blunt blunt NN 20467 502 29 ; ; : 20467 502 30 sessile sessile VB 20467 502 31 on on IN 20467 502 32 persistent persistent JJ 20467 502 33 leaf leaf NN 20467 502 34 - - HYPH 20467 502 35 cushions cushion NNS 20467 502 36 . . . 20467 503 1 = = NFP 20467 503 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 503 3 . . . 20467 504 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 504 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 504 3 terminal terminal NN 20467 504 4 or or CC 20467 504 5 axillary axillary JJ 20467 504 6 on on IN 20467 504 7 wood wood NN 20467 504 8 of of IN 20467 504 9 the the DT 20467 504 10 preceding precede VBG 20467 504 11 year year NN 20467 504 12 , , , 20467 504 13 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 504 14 - - SYM 20467 504 15 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 504 16 inch inch NN 20467 504 17 long long JJ 20467 504 18 , , , 20467 504 19 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 504 20 ; ; : 20467 504 21 anthers anthers NNP 20467 504 22 pinkish pinkish NNP 20467 504 23 - - HYPH 20467 504 24 red red JJ 20467 504 25 : : : 20467 504 26 fertile fertile JJ 20467 504 27 flowers flower NNS 20467 504 28 lateral lateral JJ 20467 504 29 along along IN 20467 504 30 previous previous JJ 20467 504 31 season season NN 20467 504 32 's 's POS 20467 504 33 shoots shoot NNS 20467 504 34 , , , 20467 504 35 erect erect NN 20467 504 36 ; ; : 20467 504 37 scales scale VBZ 20467 504 38 madder madder NNP 20467 504 39 - - HYPH 20467 504 40 purple purple NNP 20467 504 41 , , , 20467 504 42 spirally spirally RB 20467 504 43 imbricated imbricated JJ 20467 504 44 , , , 20467 504 45 broader broad JJR 20467 504 46 than than IN 20467 504 47 long long RB 20467 504 48 , , , 20467 504 49 margin margin NN 20467 504 50 entire entire JJ 20467 504 51 or or CC 20467 504 52 slightly slightly RB 20467 504 53 erose erose JJ 20467 504 54 . . . 20467 505 1 = = NFP 20467 505 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 505 3 ; ; : 20467 505 4 single single JJ 20467 505 5 or or CC 20467 505 6 clustered clustered JJ 20467 505 7 , , , 20467 505 8 lateral lateral JJ 20467 505 9 along along IN 20467 505 10 the the DT 20467 505 11 previous previous JJ 20467 505 12 season season NN 20467 505 13 's 's POS 20467 505 14 shoots shoot NNS 20467 505 15 , , , 20467 505 16 recurved recurve VBN 20467 505 17 , , , 20467 505 18 mostly mostly RB 20467 505 19 pointing point VBG 20467 505 20 downward downward RB 20467 505 21 at at IN 20467 505 22 various various JJ 20467 505 23 angles angle NNS 20467 505 24 , , , 20467 505 25 on on IN 20467 505 26 short short JJ 20467 505 27 stalks stalk NNS 20467 505 28 , , , 20467 505 29 falling fall VBG 20467 505 30 the the DT 20467 505 31 first first JJ 20467 505 32 autumn autumn NN 20467 505 33 but but CC 20467 505 34 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 505 35 persistent persistent JJ 20467 505 36 a a DT 20467 505 37 year year NN 20467 505 38 longer long RBR 20467 505 39 , , , 20467 505 40 1 1 CD 20467 505 41 - - SYM 20467 505 42 2 2 CD 20467 505 43 inches inch NNS 20467 505 44 long long JJ 20467 505 45 ( ( -LRB- 20467 505 46 usually usually RB 20467 505 47 larger large JJR 20467 505 48 than than IN 20467 505 49 those those DT 20467 505 50 of of IN 20467 505 51 _ _ NNP 20467 505 52 P. P. NNP 20467 506 1 nigra nigra NNP 20467 506 2 _ _ NNP 20467 506 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 506 4 , , , 20467 506 5 reddish reddish JJ 20467 506 6 - - HYPH 20467 506 7 brown brown JJ 20467 506 8 , , , 20467 506 9 mostly mostly RB 20467 506 10 ovate ovate JJ 20467 506 11 ; ; : 20467 506 12 scales scale VBZ 20467 506 13 thin thin JJ 20467 506 14 , , , 20467 506 15 stiff stiff JJ 20467 506 16 , , , 20467 506 17 rounded rounded JJ 20467 506 18 ; ; : 20467 506 19 margin margin NN 20467 506 20 entire entire JJ 20467 506 21 or or CC 20467 506 22 slightly slightly RB 20467 506 23 irregular irregular JJ 20467 506 24 . . . 20467 507 1 = = NFP 20467 507 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 507 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 507 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 507 5 New New NNP 20467 507 6 England England NNP 20467 507 7 ; ; : 20467 507 8 adapts adapt VBZ 20467 507 9 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 507 10 to to IN 20467 507 11 a a DT 20467 507 12 great great JJ 20467 507 13 variety variety NN 20467 507 14 of of IN 20467 507 15 soils soil NNS 20467 507 16 and and CC 20467 507 17 lives live VBZ 20467 507 18 to to IN 20467 507 19 a a DT 20467 507 20 great great JJ 20467 507 21 age age NN 20467 507 22 . . . 20467 508 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 508 2 narrow narrow NN 20467 508 3 - - HYPH 20467 508 4 based base VBN 20467 508 5 conical conical JJ 20467 508 6 form form NN 20467 508 7 , , , 20467 508 8 dense dense JJ 20467 508 9 foliage foliage NN 20467 508 10 , , , 20467 508 11 and and CC 20467 508 12 yellow yellow JJ 20467 508 13 green green JJ 20467 508 14 coloring coloring NN 20467 508 15 form form NN 20467 508 16 an an DT 20467 508 17 effective effective JJ 20467 508 18 contrast contrast NN 20467 508 19 with with IN 20467 508 20 most most JJS 20467 508 21 other other JJ 20467 508 22 evergreens evergreen NNS 20467 508 23 . . . 20467 509 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 509 2 grows grow VBZ 20467 509 3 , , , 20467 509 4 however however RB 20467 509 5 , , , 20467 509 6 slowly slowly RB 20467 509 7 , , , 20467 509 8 is be VBZ 20467 509 9 subject subject JJ 20467 509 10 to to IN 20467 509 11 the the DT 20467 509 12 loss loss NN 20467 509 13 of of IN 20467 509 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 509 15 lower low JJR 20467 509 16 branches branch NNS 20467 509 17 and and CC 20467 509 18 to to TO 20467 509 19 disfigurement disfigurement VB 20467 509 20 by by IN 20467 509 21 insects insect NNS 20467 509 22 . . . 20467 510 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 510 2 offered offer VBD 20467 510 3 in in IN 20467 510 4 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 510 5 . . . 20467 511 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 511 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 511 3 : : : 20467 511 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 511 5 VII.--Picea VII.--Picea NNP 20467 511 6 rubra rubra NNP 20467 511 7 . . . 20467 511 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 512 1 1 1 LS 20467 512 2 . . . 20467 513 1 Branch branch NN 20467 513 2 with with IN 20467 513 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 513 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 513 5 . . . 20467 514 1 2 2 LS 20467 514 2 . . . 20467 515 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 515 2 , , , 20467 515 3 front front JJ 20467 515 4 view view NN 20467 515 5 . . . 20467 516 1 3 3 LS 20467 516 2 . . . 20467 517 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 517 2 , , , 20467 517 3 side side JJ 20467 517 4 view view NN 20467 517 5 . . . 20467 518 1 4 4 LS 20467 518 2 . . . 20467 519 1 Branch branch NN 20467 519 2 with with IN 20467 519 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 519 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 519 5 . . . 20467 520 1 5 5 CD 20467 520 2 . . . 20467 521 1 Cover cover NN 20467 521 2 - - HYPH 20467 521 3 scale scale NN 20467 521 4 and and CC 20467 521 5 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 521 6 scale scale NN 20467 521 7 , , , 20467 521 8 outer outer JJ 20467 521 9 side side NN 20467 521 10 . . . 20467 522 1 6 6 CD 20467 522 2 . . . 20467 523 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 523 2 scale scale NN 20467 523 3 with with IN 20467 523 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 523 5 , , , 20467 523 6 inner inner JJ 20467 523 7 side side NN 20467 523 8 . . . 20467 524 1 7 7 LS 20467 524 2 . . . 20467 525 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 525 2 branch branch NN 20467 525 3 with with IN 20467 525 4 cones cone NNS 20467 525 5 of of IN 20467 525 6 two two CD 20467 525 7 seasons season NNS 20467 525 8 . . . 20467 526 1 8 8 LS 20467 526 2 . . . 20467 527 1 Seed seed NN 20467 527 2 . . . 20467 528 1 9 9 CD 20467 528 2 . . . 20467 529 1 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 529 2 . . . 20467 530 1 10 10 CD 20467 530 2 . . . 20467 531 1 Cross cross NN 20467 531 2 - - NNS 20467 531 3 sections section NNS 20467 531 4 of of IN 20467 531 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 531 6 . . . 20467 532 1 = = NFP 20467 532 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 532 3 alba alba VBZ 20467 532 4 , , , 20467 532 5 Link.= Link.= NNP 20467 532 6 _ _ NNP 20467 532 7 Picea Picea NNP 20467 532 8 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 532 9 , , , 20467 532 10 B. B. NNP 20467 532 11 S. S. NNP 20467 532 12 P. P. NNP 20467 532 13 _ _ NNP 20467 532 14 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 532 15 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 532 16 . . . 20467 533 1 CAT CAT NNP 20467 533 2 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 533 3 . . . 20467 534 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 534 2 1 1 LS 20467 534 3 ] ] -RRB- 20467 534 4 SKUNK skunk VB 20467 534 5 SPRUCE SPRUCE VBN 20467 534 6 . . . 20467 535 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 535 2 2 2 LS 20467 535 3 ] ] -RRB- 20467 535 4 LABRADOR LABRADOR NNP 20467 535 5 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 20467 535 6 . . . 20467 536 1 = = NFP 20467 536 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 536 3 and and CC 20467 536 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 536 5 , , , 20467 536 6 damp damp VBP 20467 536 7 , , , 20467 536 8 but but CC 20467 536 9 not not RB 20467 536 10 wet wet JJ 20467 536 11 woods wood NNS 20467 536 12 ; ; , 20467 536 13 dry dry JJ 20467 536 14 , , , 20467 536 15 sandy sandy JJ 20467 536 16 soils soil NNS 20467 536 17 , , , 20467 536 18 high high JJ 20467 536 19 rocky rocky JJ 20467 536 20 slopes slope NNS 20467 536 21 and and CC 20467 536 22 exposed expose VBN 20467 536 23 hilltops hilltop NNS 20467 536 24 , , , 20467 536 25 often often RB 20467 536 26 in in IN 20467 536 27 scanty scanty NN 20467 536 28 soil soil NN 20467 536 29 . . . 20467 537 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 537 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 20467 537 3 1 1 CD 20467 537 4 , , , 20467 537 5 2 2 CD 20467 537 6 : : : 20467 537 7 So so RB 20467 537 8 called call VBD 20467 537 9 from from IN 20467 537 10 the the DT 20467 537 11 peculiarly peculiarly RB 20467 537 12 unpleasant unpleasant JJ 20467 537 13 odor odor NN 20467 537 14 of of IN 20467 537 15 the the DT 20467 537 16 crushed crush VBN 20467 537 17 foliage foliage NN 20467 537 18 and and CC 20467 537 19 young young JJ 20467 537 20 shoots,--a shoots,--a NNP 20467 537 21 characteristic characteristic NN 20467 537 22 which which WDT 20467 537 23 readily readily RB 20467 537 24 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 20467 537 25 it -PRON- PRP 20467 537 26 from from IN 20467 537 27 the the DT 20467 537 28 _ _ NNP 20467 537 29 P. P. NNP 20467 538 1 nigra nigra NNP 20467 538 2 _ _ NNP 20467 538 3 and and CC 20467 538 4 _ _ NNP 20467 538 5 P. P. NNP 20467 539 1 rubra rubra NNP 20467 539 2 _ _ NNP 20467 539 3 . . . 20467 539 4 ] ] -RRB- 20467 540 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 540 2 and and CC 20467 540 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 540 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 540 5 , , , 20467 540 6 through through IN 20467 540 7 the the DT 20467 540 8 provinces province NNS 20467 540 9 of of IN 20467 540 10 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 540 11 and and CC 20467 540 12 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 540 13 to to IN 20467 540 14 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 540 15 and and CC 20467 540 16 British British NNP 20467 540 17 Columbia Columbia NNP 20467 540 18 , , , 20467 540 19 northward northward RB 20467 540 20 beyond beyond IN 20467 540 21 all all DT 20467 540 22 other other JJ 20467 540 23 trees tree NNS 20467 540 24 , , , 20467 540 25 within within IN 20467 540 26 20 20 CD 20467 540 27 miles mile NNS 20467 540 28 of of IN 20467 540 29 the the DT 20467 540 30 Arctic Arctic NNP 20467 540 31 sea sea NN 20467 540 32 . . . 20467 541 1 Maine,--frequent Maine,--frequent NNP 20467 541 2 in in IN 20467 541 3 sandy sandy JJ 20467 541 4 soils soil NNS 20467 541 5 , , , 20467 541 6 often often RB 20467 541 7 more more RBR 20467 541 8 common common JJ 20467 541 9 than than IN 20467 541 10 _ _ NNP 20467 541 11 P. P. NNP 20467 542 1 rubra rubra NNP 20467 542 2 _ _ NNP 20467 542 3 , , , 20467 542 4 as as IN 20467 542 5 far far RB 20467 542 6 south south RB 20467 542 7 as as IN 20467 542 8 the the DT 20467 542 9 shores shore NNS 20467 542 10 of of IN 20467 542 11 Casco Casco NNP 20467 542 12 bay bay NN 20467 542 13 ; ; : 20467 542 14 New New NNP 20467 542 15 Hampshire,--abundant Hampshire,--abundant VBZ 20467 542 16 around around IN 20467 542 17 the the DT 20467 542 18 shores shore NNS 20467 542 19 of of IN 20467 542 20 the the DT 20467 542 21 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 542 22 river river NN 20467 542 23 , , , 20467 542 24 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 542 25 southward southward RB 20467 542 26 at at IN 20467 542 27 Fifteen Fifteen NNP 20467 542 28 - - HYPH 20467 542 29 Mile Mile NNP 20467 542 30 falls fall VBZ 20467 542 31 ; ; : 20467 542 32 Vermont,--restricted Vermont,--restricted NNP 20467 542 33 mainly mainly RB 20467 542 34 to to IN 20467 542 35 the the DT 20467 542 36 northern northern JJ 20467 542 37 sections section NNS 20467 542 38 , , , 20467 542 39 more more RBR 20467 542 40 common common JJ 20467 542 41 in in IN 20467 542 42 the the DT 20467 542 43 northeast northeast NN 20467 542 44 ; ; : 20467 542 45 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 542 46 in in IN 20467 542 47 the the DT 20467 542 48 mountainous mountainous JJ 20467 542 49 regions region NNS 20467 542 50 of of IN 20467 542 51 Berkshire Berkshire NNP 20467 542 52 county county NN 20467 542 53 ; ; : 20467 542 54 a a DT 20467 542 55 few few JJ 20467 542 56 trees tree NNS 20467 542 57 in in IN 20467 542 58 Hancock Hancock NNP 20467 542 59 ( ( -LRB- 20467 542 60 A. A. NNP 20467 542 61 K. K. NNP 20467 542 62 Harrington Harrington NNP 20467 542 63 ) ) -RRB- 20467 542 64 ; ; : 20467 542 65 as as IN 20467 542 66 far far RB 20467 542 67 south south RB 20467 542 68 as as IN 20467 542 69 Amherst Amherst NNP 20467 542 70 ( ( -LRB- 20467 542 71 J. J. NNP 20467 542 72 E. E. NNP 20467 542 73 Humphrey Humphrey NNP 20467 542 74 ) ) -RRB- 20467 542 75 and and CC 20467 542 76 Northampton Northampton NNP 20467 542 77 ( ( -LRB- 20467 542 78 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 20467 542 79 Emily Emily NNP 20467 542 80 H. H. NNP 20467 542 81 Terry Terry NNP 20467 542 82 ) ) -RRB- 20467 542 83 , , , 20467 542 84 probably probably RB 20467 542 85 about about IN 20467 542 86 the the DT 20467 542 87 southern southern JJ 20467 542 88 limit limit NN 20467 542 89 of of IN 20467 542 90 the the DT 20467 542 91 species specie NNS 20467 542 92 ; ; : 20467 542 93 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 542 94 Island Island NNP 20467 542 95 and and CC 20467 542 96 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 542 97 reported report VBD 20467 542 98 . . . 20467 543 1 West west RB 20467 543 2 through through IN 20467 543 3 the the DT 20467 543 4 northern northern JJ 20467 543 5 sections section NNS 20467 543 6 of of IN 20467 543 7 the the DT 20467 543 8 northern northern JJ 20467 543 9 tier tier NN 20467 543 10 of of IN 20467 543 11 states state NNS 20467 543 12 to to IN 20467 543 13 the the DT 20467 543 14 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 543 15 mountains mountain NNS 20467 543 16 . . . 20467 544 1 = = NFP 20467 544 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 544 3 handsome handsome JJ 20467 544 4 tree tree NN 20467 544 5 , , , 20467 544 6 40 40 CD 20467 544 7 - - SYM 20467 544 8 75 75 CD 20467 544 9 feet foot NNS 20467 544 10 high high JJ 20467 544 11 , , , 20467 544 12 with with IN 20467 544 13 a a DT 20467 544 14 diameter diameter NN 20467 544 15 of of IN 20467 544 16 1 1 CD 20467 544 17 - - SYM 20467 544 18 2 2 CD 20467 544 19 feet foot NNS 20467 544 20 at at IN 20467 544 21 the the DT 20467 544 22 ground ground NN 20467 544 23 , , , 20467 544 24 the the DT 20467 544 25 trunk trunk NN 20467 544 26 tapering taper VBG 20467 544 27 slowly slowly RB 20467 544 28 , , , 20467 544 29 throwing throw VBG 20467 544 30 out out RP 20467 544 31 numerous numerous JJ 20467 544 32 scattered scatter VBN 20467 544 33 or or CC 20467 544 34 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 544 35 whorled whorle VBD 20467 544 36 , , , 20467 544 37 gently gently RB 20467 544 38 ascending ascend VBG 20467 544 39 or or CC 20467 544 40 nearly nearly RB 20467 544 41 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 544 42 branches branch NNS 20467 544 43 , , , 20467 544 44 forming form VBG 20467 544 45 a a DT 20467 544 46 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 544 47 , , , 20467 544 48 rather rather RB 20467 544 49 broad broad JJ 20467 544 50 conical conical JJ 20467 544 51 head head NN 20467 544 52 , , , 20467 544 53 with with IN 20467 544 54 numerous numerous JJ 20467 544 55 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 544 56 and and CC 20467 544 57 bluish bluish JJ 20467 544 58 - - HYPH 20467 544 59 green green JJ 20467 544 60 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 544 61 foliage foliage NN 20467 544 62 spread spread VBN 20467 544 63 in in IN 20467 544 64 dense dense JJ 20467 544 65 planes plane NNS 20467 544 66 ; ; : 20467 544 67 gum gum NN 20467 544 68 bitter bitter NN 20467 544 69 . . . 20467 545 1 = = NFP 20467 545 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 545 3 of of IN 20467 545 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 545 5 pale pale JJ 20467 545 6 reddish reddish JJ 20467 545 7 - - HYPH 20467 545 8 brown brown JJ 20467 545 9 or or CC 20467 545 10 light light JJ 20467 545 11 gray gray NN 20467 545 12 , , , 20467 545 13 on on IN 20467 545 14 very very RB 20467 545 15 old old JJ 20467 545 16 trees tree NNS 20467 545 17 ash ash NN 20467 545 18 - - HYPH 20467 545 19 white white JJ 20467 545 20 ; ; : 20467 545 21 not not RB 20467 545 22 as as RB 20467 545 23 flaky flaky JJ 20467 545 24 as as IN 20467 545 25 the the DT 20467 545 26 bark bark NN 20467 545 27 of of IN 20467 545 28 the the DT 20467 545 29 red red JJ 20467 545 30 spruce spruce NN 20467 545 31 , , , 20467 545 32 the the DT 20467 545 33 scales scale NNS 20467 545 34 smaller small JJR 20467 545 35 and and CC 20467 545 36 more more RBR 20467 545 37 closely closely RB 20467 545 38 appressed appressed JJ 20467 545 39 ; ; : 20467 545 40 young young JJ 20467 545 41 trees tree NNS 20467 545 42 and and CC 20467 545 43 small small JJ 20467 545 44 branches branch NNS 20467 545 45 much much RB 20467 545 46 smoother smooth JJR 20467 545 47 , , , 20467 545 48 pale pale JJ 20467 545 49 reddish reddish JJ 20467 545 50 - - HYPH 20467 545 51 brown brown NN 20467 545 52 or or CC 20467 545 53 mottled mottle VBN 20467 545 54 brown brown JJ 20467 545 55 and and CC 20467 545 56 gray gray JJ 20467 545 57 , , , 20467 545 58 resembling resemble VBG 20467 545 59 the the DT 20467 545 60 fir fir NN 20467 545 61 balsam balsam NN 20467 545 62 ; ; : 20467 545 63 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 545 64 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 545 65 ; ; : 20467 545 66 shoots shoot NNS 20467 545 67 from from IN 20467 545 68 which which WDT 20467 545 69 the the DT 20467 545 70 leaves leave NNS 20467 545 71 have have VBP 20467 545 72 fallen fall VBN 20467 545 73 marked mark VBN 20467 545 74 by by IN 20467 545 75 the the DT 20467 545 76 scaly scaly NNP 20467 545 77 , , , 20467 545 78 persistent persistent JJ 20467 545 79 leaf leaf NN 20467 545 80 - - HYPH 20467 545 81 cushions cushion NNS 20467 545 82 ; ; : 20467 545 83 new new JJ 20467 545 84 shoots shoot NNS 20467 545 85 pale pale JJ 20467 545 86 fawn fawn NN 20467 545 87 - - HYPH 20467 545 88 color color NN 20467 545 89 at at IN 20467 545 90 first first RB 20467 545 91 , , , 20467 545 92 turning turn VBG 20467 545 93 darker darker RBR 20467 545 94 the the DT 20467 545 95 second second JJ 20467 545 96 season season NN 20467 545 97 ; ; : 20467 545 98 bark bark NN 20467 545 99 of of IN 20467 545 100 the the DT 20467 545 101 tree tree NN 20467 545 102 throughout throughout IN 20467 545 103 decidedly decidedly RB 20467 545 104 lighter light JJR 20467 545 105 than than IN 20467 545 106 that that DT 20467 545 107 of of IN 20467 545 108 the the DT 20467 545 109 red red JJ 20467 545 110 or or CC 20467 545 111 black black JJ 20467 545 112 spruces spruce NNS 20467 545 113 . . . 20467 546 1 = = NFP 20467 546 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 546 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 546 4 and and CC 20467 546 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 546 6 scaly scaly NNP 20467 546 7 , , , 20467 546 8 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 546 9 or or CC 20467 546 10 conical conical JJ 20467 546 11 , , , 20467 546 12 about about RB 20467 546 13 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 546 14 inch inch NN 20467 546 15 long long JJ 20467 546 16 , , , 20467 546 17 light light JJ 20467 546 18 brown brown NNP 20467 546 19 . . . 20467 547 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 547 2 scattered scatter VBN 20467 547 3 , , , 20467 547 4 stout stout IN 20467 547 5 as as IN 20467 547 6 those those DT 20467 547 7 of of IN 20467 547 8 _ _ NNP 20467 547 9 P. P. NNP 20467 548 1 rubra rubra NNP 20467 548 2 _ _ NNP 20467 548 3 or or CC 20467 548 4 very very RB 20467 548 5 slender slender NN 20467 548 6 , , , 20467 548 7 those those DT 20467 548 8 on on IN 20467 548 9 the the DT 20467 548 10 lower low JJR 20467 548 11 side side NN 20467 548 12 straight straight RB 20467 548 13 or or CC 20467 548 14 twisted twist VBN 20467 548 15 so so IN 20467 548 16 as as IN 20467 548 17 to to TO 20467 548 18 appear appear VB 20467 548 19 on on IN 20467 548 20 the the DT 20467 548 21 upper upper JJ 20467 548 22 side side NN 20467 548 23 , , , 20467 548 24 giving give VBG 20467 548 25 a a DT 20467 548 26 brush brush NN 20467 548 27 - - HYPH 20467 548 28 like like JJ 20467 548 29 appearance appearance NN 20467 548 30 to to IN 20467 548 31 the the DT 20467 548 32 twig twig NNP 20467 548 33 , , , 20467 548 34 about about RB 20467 548 35 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 548 36 of of IN 20467 548 37 an an DT 20467 548 38 inch inch NN 20467 548 39 long long JJ 20467 548 40 ; ; : 20467 548 41 bluish bluish JJ 20467 548 42 - - HYPH 20467 548 43 green green JJ 20467 548 44 , , , 20467 548 45 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 548 46 on on IN 20467 548 47 the the DT 20467 548 48 new new JJ 20467 548 49 shoots shoot NNS 20467 548 50 , , , 20467 548 51 needle needle NN 20467 548 52 - - HYPH 20467 548 53 shaped shape VBN 20467 548 54 , , , 20467 548 55 4-angled 4-angled CD 20467 548 56 , , , 20467 548 57 slightly slightly RB 20467 548 58 curved curved JJ 20467 548 59 , , , 20467 548 60 bluntish bluntish JJ 20467 548 61 or or CC 20467 548 62 sharp sharp RB 20467 548 63 - - HYPH 20467 548 64 pointed pointed JJ 20467 548 65 , , , 20467 548 66 often often RB 20467 548 67 mucronate mucronate JJ 20467 548 68 , , , 20467 548 69 marked mark VBN 20467 548 70 on on IN 20467 548 71 each each DT 20467 548 72 side side NN 20467 548 73 with with IN 20467 548 74 several several JJ 20467 548 75 parallel parallel JJ 20467 548 76 rows row NNS 20467 548 77 of of IN 20467 548 78 dots dot NNS 20467 548 79 , , , 20467 548 80 malodorous malodorous JJ 20467 548 81 , , , 20467 548 82 especially especially RB 20467 548 83 when when WRB 20467 548 84 bruised bruise VBN 20467 548 85 . . . 20467 549 1 = = NFP 20467 549 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 549 3 to to IN 20467 549 4 May. May NNP 20467 550 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 550 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 550 3 terminal terminal NN 20467 550 4 or or CC 20467 550 5 axillary axillary JJ 20467 550 6 , , , 20467 550 7 on on IN 20467 550 8 wood wood NN 20467 550 9 of of IN 20467 550 10 the the DT 20467 550 11 preceding precede VBG 20467 550 12 season season NN 20467 550 13 ; ; , 20467 550 14 distinctly distinctly RB 20467 550 15 stalked stalk VBN 20467 550 16 ; ; : 20467 550 17 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 550 18 , , , 20467 550 19 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 550 20 an an DT 20467 550 21 inch inch NN 20467 550 22 long long RB 20467 550 23 ; ; : 20467 550 24 anthers anther NNS 20467 550 25 pale pale JJ 20467 550 26 red red JJ 20467 550 27 : : : 20467 550 28 fertile fertile JJ 20467 550 29 flowers flower NNS 20467 550 30 at at IN 20467 550 31 or or CC 20467 550 32 near near IN 20467 550 33 ends end NNS 20467 550 34 of of IN 20467 550 35 season season NN 20467 550 36 's 's POS 20467 550 37 shoots shoot NNS 20467 550 38 ; ; : 20467 550 39 scales scale VBZ 20467 550 40 pale pale JJ 20467 550 41 red red JJ 20467 550 42 or or CC 20467 550 43 green green JJ 20467 550 44 , , , 20467 550 45 spirally spirally RB 20467 550 46 imbricated imbricated JJ 20467 550 47 , , , 20467 550 48 broader broad JJR 20467 550 49 than than IN 20467 550 50 long long RB 20467 550 51 ; ; : 20467 550 52 margin margin NN 20467 550 53 roundish roundish JJ 20467 550 54 , , , 20467 550 55 entire entire JJ 20467 550 56 or or CC 20467 550 57 nearly nearly RB 20467 550 58 so so RB 20467 550 59 ; ; : 20467 550 60 each each DT 20467 550 61 scale scale NN 20467 550 62 bearing bearing NN 20467 550 63 two two CD 20467 550 64 ovules ovule NNS 20467 550 65 . . . 20467 551 1 = = NFP 20467 551 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone VBZ 20467 551 3 short short RB 20467 551 4 - - HYPH 20467 551 5 stalked stalk VBN 20467 551 6 , , , 20467 551 7 at at IN 20467 551 8 or or CC 20467 551 9 near near IN 20467 551 10 ends end NNS 20467 551 11 of of IN 20467 551 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 551 13 , , , 20467 551 14 light light NN 20467 551 15 green green JJ 20467 551 16 while while IN 20467 551 17 growing grow VBG 20467 551 18 , , , 20467 551 19 pale pale JJ 20467 551 20 brownish brownish NN 20467 551 21 when when WRB 20467 551 22 mature mature RB 20467 551 23 , , , 20467 551 24 spreading spread VBG 20467 551 25 , , , 20467 551 26 1 1 CD 20467 551 27 - - HYPH 20467 551 28 2 2 CD 20467 551 29 - - HYPH 20467 551 30 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 551 31 inches inch NNS 20467 551 32 long long JJ 20467 551 33 , , , 20467 551 34 when when WRB 20467 551 35 closed close VBN 20467 551 36 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 551 37 , , , 20467 551 38 tapering taper VBG 20467 551 39 towards towards IN 20467 551 40 the the DT 20467 551 41 apex apex NN 20467 551 42 , , , 20467 551 43 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 551 44 or or CC 20467 551 45 ovate ovate NN 20467 551 46 - - HYPH 20467 551 47 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 551 48 when when WRB 20467 551 49 open open JJ 20467 551 50 , , , 20467 551 51 mostly mostly RB 20467 551 52 falling fall VBG 20467 551 53 the the DT 20467 551 54 first first JJ 20467 551 55 winter winter NN 20467 551 56 ; ; : 20467 551 57 scales scale VBZ 20467 551 58 broad broad JJ 20467 551 59 , , , 20467 551 60 thin thin JJ 20467 551 61 , , , 20467 551 62 smooth smooth JJ 20467 551 63 ; ; : 20467 551 64 margin margin NN 20467 551 65 rounded round VBD 20467 551 66 , , , 20467 551 67 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 551 68 straight straight JJ 20467 551 69 - - HYPH 20467 551 70 topped top VBN 20467 551 71 , , , 20467 551 72 usually usually RB 20467 551 73 entire entire JJ 20467 551 74 . . . 20467 552 1 = = NFP 20467 552 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 552 3 Value.=--A Value.=--A NNP 20467 552 4 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 552 5 tree tree NN 20467 552 6 , , , 20467 552 7 requiring require VBG 20467 552 8 cold cold JJ 20467 552 9 winters winter NNS 20467 552 10 for for IN 20467 552 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 552 12 finest fine JJS 20467 552 13 development development NN 20467 552 14 , , , 20467 552 15 the the DT 20467 552 16 best good JJS 20467 552 17 of of IN 20467 552 18 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 552 19 New New NNP 20467 552 20 England England NNP 20467 552 21 spruces spruce VBZ 20467 552 22 for for IN 20467 552 23 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 552 24 and and CC 20467 552 25 forest forest NN 20467 552 26 plantations plantation NNS 20467 552 27 in in IN 20467 552 28 the the DT 20467 552 29 northern northern JJ 20467 552 30 sections section NNS 20467 552 31 ; ; , 20467 552 32 grows grow VBZ 20467 552 33 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 552 34 in in IN 20467 552 35 moist moist JJ 20467 552 36 or or CC 20467 552 37 well well RB 20467 552 38 - - HYPH 20467 552 39 drained drain VBN 20467 552 40 soils soil NNS 20467 552 41 , , , 20467 552 42 in in IN 20467 552 43 open open JJ 20467 552 44 sun sun NN 20467 552 45 or or CC 20467 552 46 shade shade NN 20467 552 47 , , , 20467 552 48 and and CC 20467 552 49 in in IN 20467 552 50 exposed expose VBN 20467 552 51 situations situation NNS 20467 552 52 . . . 20467 553 1 The the DT 20467 553 2 foliage foliage NN 20467 553 3 is be VBZ 20467 553 4 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 553 5 infested infest VBN 20467 553 6 by by IN 20467 553 7 the the DT 20467 553 8 red red JJ 20467 553 9 spider spider NN 20467 553 10 . . . 20467 554 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 554 2 from from IN 20467 554 3 seed seed NN 20467 554 4 . . . 20467 555 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 555 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 555 3 : : : 20467 555 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 555 5 VIII.--Picea VIII.--Picea NNP 20467 555 6 alba alba NNP 20467 555 7 . . . 20467 555 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 556 1 1 1 LS 20467 556 2 . . . 20467 557 1 Branch branch NN 20467 557 2 with with IN 20467 557 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 557 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 557 5 . . . 20467 558 1 2 2 LS 20467 558 2 . . . 20467 559 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 559 2 , , , 20467 559 3 front front JJ 20467 559 4 view view NN 20467 559 5 . . . 20467 560 1 3 3 LS 20467 560 2 . . . 20467 561 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 561 2 , , , 20467 561 3 side side JJ 20467 561 4 view view NN 20467 561 5 . . . 20467 562 1 4 4 LS 20467 562 2 . . . 20467 563 1 Branch branch NN 20467 563 2 with with IN 20467 563 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 563 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 563 5 . . . 20467 564 1 5 5 CD 20467 564 2 . . . 20467 565 1 Cover cover NN 20467 565 2 - - HYPH 20467 565 3 scale scale NN 20467 565 4 and and CC 20467 565 5 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 565 6 scale scale NN 20467 565 7 , , , 20467 565 8 outer outer JJ 20467 565 9 side side NN 20467 565 10 . . . 20467 566 1 6 6 CD 20467 566 2 . . . 20467 567 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 567 2 scale scale NN 20467 567 3 with with IN 20467 567 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 567 5 , , , 20467 567 6 inner inner JJ 20467 567 7 side side NN 20467 567 8 . . . 20467 568 1 7 7 LS 20467 568 2 . . . 20467 569 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 569 2 branch branch NN 20467 569 3 . . . 20467 570 1 8 8 LS 20467 570 2 . . . 20467 571 1 Open open JJ 20467 571 2 cone cone NN 20467 571 3 . . . 20467 572 1 9 9 CD 20467 572 2 . . . 20467 573 1 Seed seed NN 20467 573 2 with with IN 20467 573 3 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 573 4 scale scale NN 20467 573 5 . . . 20467 574 1 10 10 CD 20467 574 2 . . . 20467 575 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 575 2 . . . 20467 576 1 11 11 CD 20467 576 2 . . . 20467 577 1 Cross cross NN 20467 577 2 - - NNS 20467 577 3 sections section NNS 20467 577 4 of of IN 20467 577 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 577 6 . . . 20467 578 1 = = NFP 20467 578 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 20467 578 3 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 578 4 , , , 20467 578 5 Carr.= Carr.= NNP 20467 578 6 HEMLOCK HEMLOCK NNP 20467 578 7 . . . 20467 579 1 = = NFP 20467 579 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 579 3 and and CC 20467 579 4 Range.=--Cold Range.=--Cold NNP 20467 579 5 soils soil NNS 20467 579 6 , , , 20467 579 7 borders border NNS 20467 579 8 of of IN 20467 579 9 swamps swamp NNS 20467 579 10 , , , 20467 579 11 deep deep JJ 20467 579 12 woods wood NNS 20467 579 13 , , , 20467 579 14 ravines ravine NNS 20467 579 15 , , , 20467 579 16 mountain mountain NN 20467 579 17 slopes slope NNS 20467 579 18 . . . 20467 580 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 580 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 580 3 , , , 20467 580 4 New New NNP 20467 580 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 580 6 , , , 20467 580 7 through through IN 20467 580 8 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 580 9 and and CC 20467 580 10 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 580 11 . . . 20467 581 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 581 2 , , , 20467 581 3 generally generally RB 20467 581 4 distributed distribute VBN 20467 581 5 in in IN 20467 581 6 the the DT 20467 581 7 southern southern JJ 20467 581 8 and and CC 20467 581 9 central central JJ 20467 581 10 portions portion NNS 20467 581 11 , , , 20467 581 12 becoming become VBG 20467 581 13 rare rare JJ 20467 581 14 northward northward RB 20467 581 15 , , , 20467 581 16 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 581 17 entirely entirely RB 20467 581 18 in in IN 20467 581 19 most most JJS 20467 581 20 of of IN 20467 581 21 Aroostook Aroostook NNP 20467 581 22 county county NN 20467 581 23 and and CC 20467 581 24 the the DT 20467 581 25 northern northern JJ 20467 581 26 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 581 27 region region NN 20467 581 28 ; ; : 20467 581 29 New New NNP 20467 581 30 Hampshire,--abundant Hampshire,--abundant NNP 20467 581 31 , , , 20467 581 32 from from IN 20467 581 33 the the DT 20467 581 34 sea sea NN 20467 581 35 to to IN 20467 581 36 a a DT 20467 581 37 height height NN 20467 581 38 of of IN 20467 581 39 2000 2000 CD 20467 581 40 feet foot NNS 20467 581 41 in in IN 20467 581 42 the the DT 20467 581 43 White white JJ 20467 581 44 mountains mountain NNS 20467 581 45 , , , 20467 581 46 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 581 47 in in IN 20467 581 48 upper upper JJ 20467 581 49 Coos Coos NNP 20467 581 50 county county NN 20467 581 51 ; ; : 20467 581 52 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 581 53 , , , 20467 581 54 especially especially RB 20467 581 55 in in IN 20467 581 56 the the DT 20467 581 57 mountain mountain NN 20467 581 58 forests forest NNS 20467 581 59 ; ; : 20467 581 60 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 581 61 , , , 20467 581 62 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 581 63 Island Island NNP 20467 581 64 , , , 20467 581 65 and and CC 20467 581 66 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 581 67 . . . 20467 582 1 South South NNP 20467 582 2 to to IN 20467 582 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 582 4 and and CC 20467 582 5 along along IN 20467 582 6 the the DT 20467 582 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 582 8 to to IN 20467 582 9 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 582 10 and and CC 20467 582 11 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 582 12 , , , 20467 582 13 ascending ascend VBG 20467 582 14 to to IN 20467 582 15 an an DT 20467 582 16 altitude altitude NN 20467 582 17 of of IN 20467 582 18 2000 2000 CD 20467 582 19 feet foot NNS 20467 582 20 in in IN 20467 582 21 the the DT 20467 582 22 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 20467 582 23 ; ; : 20467 582 24 west west NN 20467 582 25 to to IN 20467 582 26 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 582 27 and and CC 20467 582 28 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 582 29 . . . 20467 583 1 = = NFP 20467 583 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 583 3 large large JJ 20467 583 4 handsome handsome JJ 20467 583 5 tree tree NN 20467 583 6 , , , 20467 583 7 50 50 CD 20467 583 8 - - SYM 20467 583 9 80 80 CD 20467 583 10 feet foot NNS 20467 583 11 high high JJ 20467 583 12 ; ; : 20467 583 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 583 14 2 2 CD 20467 583 15 - - SYM 20467 583 16 4 4 CD 20467 583 17 feet foot NNS 20467 583 18 in in IN 20467 583 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 583 20 , , , 20467 583 21 straight straight RB 20467 583 22 , , , 20467 583 23 tapering taper VBG 20467 583 24 very very RB 20467 583 25 slowly slowly RB 20467 583 26 ; ; : 20467 583 27 branches branch NNS 20467 583 28 going go VBG 20467 583 29 out out RB 20467 583 30 at at IN 20467 583 31 right right JJ 20467 583 32 angles angle NNS 20467 583 33 , , , 20467 583 34 not not RB 20467 583 35 disposed dispose VBN 20467 583 36 in in IN 20467 583 37 whorls whorls NNP 20467 583 38 , , , 20467 583 39 slender slender NN 20467 583 40 , , , 20467 583 41 brittle brittle JJ 20467 583 42 yet yet CC 20467 583 43 elastic elastic JJ 20467 583 44 , , , 20467 583 45 the the DT 20467 583 46 lowest low JJS 20467 583 47 declined decline VBD 20467 583 48 or or CC 20467 583 49 drooping droop VBG 20467 583 50 ; ; : 20467 583 51 head head NN 20467 583 52 spreading spread VBG 20467 583 53 , , , 20467 583 54 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 583 55 irregular irregular JJ 20467 583 56 , , , 20467 583 57 widest wide JJS 20467 583 58 at at IN 20467 583 59 the the DT 20467 583 60 base base NN 20467 583 61 ; ; : 20467 583 62 spray spray NN 20467 583 63 airy airy NNP 20467 583 64 , , , 20467 583 65 graceful graceful JJ 20467 583 66 , , , 20467 583 67 plume plume JJ 20467 583 68 - - HYPH 20467 583 69 like like JJ 20467 583 70 , , , 20467 583 71 set set VBN 20467 583 72 in in IN 20467 583 73 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 583 74 planes plane NNS 20467 583 75 ; ; : 20467 583 76 foliage foliage NN 20467 583 77 dense dense JJ 20467 583 78 , , , 20467 583 79 extremely extremely RB 20467 583 80 delicate delicate JJ 20467 583 81 , , , 20467 583 82 dark dark JJ 20467 583 83 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 583 84 green green NN 20467 583 85 above above RB 20467 583 86 and and CC 20467 583 87 silver silver NN 20467 583 88 green green JJ 20467 583 89 below below RB 20467 583 90 , , , 20467 583 91 tipped tip VBN 20467 583 92 in in IN 20467 583 93 spring spring NN 20467 583 94 with with IN 20467 583 95 light light JJ 20467 583 96 yellow yellow JJ 20467 583 97 green green NN 20467 583 98 . . . 20467 584 1 = = NFP 20467 584 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 584 3 of of IN 20467 584 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 584 5 reddish reddish NNP 20467 584 6 - - HYPH 20467 584 7 brown brown NN 20467 584 8 , , , 20467 584 9 interior interior NNP 20467 584 10 often often RB 20467 584 11 cinnamon cinnamon VBP 20467 584 12 red red JJ 20467 584 13 , , , 20467 584 14 shallow shallow JJ 20467 584 15 - - HYPH 20467 584 16 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 584 17 in in IN 20467 584 18 old old JJ 20467 584 19 trees tree NNS 20467 584 20 ; ; : 20467 584 21 young young JJ 20467 584 22 trunks trunk NNS 20467 584 23 and and CC 20467 584 24 branches branch NNS 20467 584 25 of of IN 20467 584 26 large large JJ 20467 584 27 trees tree NNS 20467 584 28 gray gray JJ 20467 584 29 brown brown NNP 20467 584 30 , , , 20467 584 31 smooth smooth JJ 20467 584 32 ; ; : 20467 584 33 season season NN 20467 584 34 's 's POS 20467 584 35 shoots shoot NNS 20467 584 36 very very RB 20467 584 37 slender slend JJR 20467 584 38 , , , 20467 584 39 buff buff NN 20467 584 40 or or CC 20467 584 41 light light JJ 20467 584 42 reddish reddish JJ 20467 584 43 - - HYPH 20467 584 44 brown brown NN 20467 584 45 , , , 20467 584 46 minutely minutely RB 20467 584 47 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 584 48 . . . 20467 585 1 = = NFP 20467 585 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 585 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 585 4 and and CC 20467 585 5 Leaves.=--Winter Leaves.=--Winter NNP 20467 585 6 buds bud NNS 20467 585 7 minute minute NN 20467 585 8 , , , 20467 585 9 red red NNP 20467 585 10 brown brown NNP 20467 585 11 . . . 20467 586 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 586 2 spirally spirally RB 20467 586 3 arranged arrange VBD 20467 586 4 but but CC 20467 586 5 brought bring VBN 20467 586 6 by by IN 20467 586 7 the the DT 20467 586 8 twisting twisting NN 20467 586 9 of of IN 20467 586 10 the the DT 20467 586 11 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 586 12 into into IN 20467 586 13 two two CD 20467 586 14 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 586 15 rows row NNS 20467 586 16 on on IN 20467 586 17 opposite opposite JJ 20467 586 18 sides side NNS 20467 586 19 of of IN 20467 586 20 the the DT 20467 586 21 twig twig NN 20467 586 22 , , , 20467 586 23 about about RB 20467 586 24 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 586 25 an an DT 20467 586 26 inch inch NN 20467 586 27 long long JJ 20467 586 28 , , , 20467 586 29 yellow yellow JJ 20467 586 30 green green NN 20467 586 31 when when WRB 20467 586 32 young young JJ 20467 586 33 , , , 20467 586 34 becoming become VBG 20467 586 35 at at IN 20467 586 36 maturity maturity NN 20467 586 37 dark dark JJ 20467 586 38 shining shine VBG 20467 586 39 green green NN 20467 586 40 on on IN 20467 586 41 the the DT 20467 586 42 upper upper JJ 20467 586 43 surface surface NN 20467 586 44 , , , 20467 586 45 white white JJ 20467 586 46 - - HYPH 20467 586 47 banded band VBN 20467 586 48 along along IN 20467 586 49 the the DT 20467 586 50 midrib midrib NNP 20467 586 51 beneath beneath NNP 20467 586 52 , , , 20467 586 53 flat flat JJ 20467 586 54 , , , 20467 586 55 linear linear JJ 20467 586 56 , , , 20467 586 57 smooth smooth JJ 20467 586 58 , , , 20467 586 59 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 586 60 minutely minutely RB 20467 586 61 toothed toothed JJ 20467 586 62 , , , 20467 586 63 especially especially RB 20467 586 64 in in IN 20467 586 65 the the DT 20467 586 66 upper upper JJ 20467 586 67 half half NN 20467 586 68 ; ; : 20467 586 69 apex apex NNP 20467 586 70 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 586 71 ; ; : 20467 586 72 base base NN 20467 586 73 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 586 74 ; ; : 20467 586 75 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 586 76 slender slender NN 20467 586 77 , , , 20467 586 78 short short JJ 20467 586 79 but but CC 20467 586 80 distinct distinct JJ 20467 586 81 , , , 20467 586 82 resting rest VBG 20467 586 83 on on IN 20467 586 84 a a DT 20467 586 85 slightly slightly RB 20467 586 86 projecting project VBG 20467 586 87 leaf leaf NN 20467 586 88 - - HYPH 20467 586 89 cushion cushion NN 20467 586 90 . . . 20467 587 1 = = NFP 20467 587 2 Inflorescence.=--Sterile Inflorescence.=--Sterile `` 20467 587 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 587 4 from from IN 20467 587 5 the the DT 20467 587 6 axils axil NNS 20467 587 7 of of IN 20467 587 8 the the DT 20467 587 9 preceding precede VBG 20467 587 10 year year NN 20467 587 11 's 's POS 20467 587 12 leaves leave NNS 20467 587 13 , , , 20467 587 14 consisting consist VBG 20467 587 15 of of IN 20467 587 16 globose globose NN 20467 587 17 clusters cluster NNS 20467 587 18 of of IN 20467 587 19 stamens stamen NNS 20467 587 20 with with IN 20467 587 21 spurred spurred JJ 20467 587 22 anthers anther NNS 20467 587 23 : : : 20467 587 24 fertile fertile JJ 20467 587 25 catkins catkin NNS 20467 587 26 at at IN 20467 587 27 ends end NNS 20467 587 28 of of IN 20467 587 29 preceding precede VBG 20467 587 30 year year NN 20467 587 31 's 's POS 20467 587 32 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 587 33 , , , 20467 587 34 scales scale VBZ 20467 587 35 crimson crimson NNP 20467 587 36 . . . 20467 588 1 = = NFP 20467 588 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 588 3 , , , 20467 588 4 on on IN 20467 588 5 stout stout JJ 20467 588 6 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 588 7 at at IN 20467 588 8 ends end NNS 20467 588 9 of of IN 20467 588 10 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 588 11 , , , 20467 588 12 pointing point VBG 20467 588 13 downward downward RB 20467 588 14 , , , 20467 588 15 ripening ripen VBG 20467 588 16 the the DT 20467 588 17 first first JJ 20467 588 18 year year NN 20467 588 19 , , , 20467 588 20 light light NNP 20467 588 21 brown brown NNP 20467 588 22 , , , 20467 588 23 about about RB 20467 588 24 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 588 25 of of IN 20467 588 26 an an DT 20467 588 27 inch inch NN 20467 588 28 long long JJ 20467 588 29 , , , 20467 588 30 ovate ovate JJ 20467 588 31 - - HYPH 20467 588 32 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 588 33 , , , 20467 588 34 pointed point VBD 20467 588 35 ; ; : 20467 588 36 scales scale NNS 20467 588 37 rounded round VBD 20467 588 38 at at IN 20467 588 39 the the DT 20467 588 40 edge edge NN 20467 588 41 , , , 20467 588 42 entire entire JJ 20467 588 43 or or CC 20467 588 44 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 588 45 toothed toothed JJ 20467 588 46 . . . 20467 589 1 = = NFP 20467 589 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 589 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 589 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 589 5 New New NNP 20467 589 6 England England NNP 20467 589 7 ; ; : 20467 589 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 589 9 almost almost RB 20467 589 10 anywhere anywhere RB 20467 589 11 , , , 20467 589 12 but but CC 20467 589 13 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 589 14 a a DT 20467 589 15 good good JJ 20467 589 16 , , , 20467 589 17 light light JJ 20467 589 18 , , , 20467 589 19 loamy loamy NN 20467 589 20 or or CC 20467 589 21 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 589 22 soil soil NN 20467 589 23 on on IN 20467 589 24 moist moist JJ 20467 589 25 slopes slope NNS 20467 589 26 ; ; : 20467 589 27 a a DT 20467 589 28 very very RB 20467 589 29 effective effective JJ 20467 589 30 tree tree NN 20467 589 31 single single JJ 20467 589 32 or or CC 20467 589 33 in in IN 20467 589 34 groups group NNS 20467 589 35 , , , 20467 589 36 useful useful JJ 20467 589 37 in in IN 20467 589 38 shady shady JJ 20467 589 39 places place NNS 20467 589 40 , , , 20467 589 41 and and CC 20467 589 42 a a DT 20467 589 43 favorite favorite JJ 20467 589 44 hedge hedge NN 20467 589 45 plant plant NN 20467 589 46 ; ; : 20467 589 47 not not RB 20467 589 48 affected affect VBN 20467 589 49 by by IN 20467 589 50 rust rust NN 20467 589 51 or or CC 20467 589 52 insect insect NN 20467 589 53 enemies enemy NNS 20467 589 54 ; ; : 20467 589 55 in in IN 20467 589 56 open open JJ 20467 589 57 ground ground NN 20467 589 58 retains retain VBZ 20467 589 59 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 589 60 lower low JJR 20467 589 61 branches branch NNS 20467 589 62 for for IN 20467 589 63 many many JJ 20467 589 64 years year NNS 20467 589 65 . . . 20467 590 1 About about RB 20467 590 2 twenty twenty CD 20467 590 3 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 590 4 forms form NNS 20467 590 5 , , , 20467 590 6 with with IN 20467 590 7 variations variation NNS 20467 590 8 in in IN 20467 590 9 foliage foliage NN 20467 590 10 , , , 20467 590 11 of of IN 20467 590 12 columnar columnar NN 20467 590 13 , , , 20467 590 14 densely densely RB 20467 590 15 globular globular JJ 20467 590 16 , , , 20467 590 17 or or CC 20467 590 18 weeping weeping NN 20467 590 19 habit habit NN 20467 590 20 , , , 20467 590 21 are be VBP 20467 590 22 offered offer VBN 20467 590 23 for for IN 20467 590 24 sale sale NN 20467 590 25 in in IN 20467 590 26 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 590 27 . . . 20467 591 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 591 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 591 3 : : : 20467 591 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 591 5 IX.--Tsuga IX.--Tsuga NNP 20467 591 6 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 591 7 . . . 20467 591 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 592 1 1 1 LS 20467 592 2 . . . 20467 593 1 Branch branch NN 20467 593 2 with with IN 20467 593 3 flower flower NN 20467 593 4 - - HYPH 20467 593 5 buds bud NNS 20467 593 6 . . . 20467 594 1 2 2 LS 20467 594 2 . . . 20467 595 1 Branch branch NN 20467 595 2 with with IN 20467 595 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 595 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 595 5 . . . 20467 596 1 3 3 LS 20467 596 2 . . . 20467 597 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 597 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 597 3 . . . 20467 598 1 4 4 LS 20467 598 2 . . . 20467 599 1 Spurred spur VBN 20467 599 2 anther anther NN 20467 599 3 . . . 20467 600 1 5 5 CD 20467 600 2 . . . 20467 601 1 Branch branch NN 20467 601 2 with with IN 20467 601 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 601 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 601 5 . . . 20467 602 1 6 6 CD 20467 602 2 . . . 20467 603 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 603 2 scale scale NN 20467 603 3 with with IN 20467 603 4 ovule ovule NN 20467 603 5 , , , 20467 603 6 inner inner JJ 20467 603 7 side side NN 20467 603 8 . . . 20467 604 1 7 7 LS 20467 604 2 . . . 20467 605 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 605 2 branch branch NN 20467 605 3 . . . 20467 606 1 8 8 LS 20467 606 2 . . . 20467 607 1 Cover cover NN 20467 607 2 - - HYPH 20467 607 3 scales scale NNS 20467 607 4 with with IN 20467 607 5 seeds seed NNS 20467 607 6 . . . 20467 608 1 9 9 CD 20467 608 2 . . . 20467 609 1 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 609 2 . . . 20467 610 1 10 10 CD 20467 610 2 . . . 20467 611 1 Cross cross JJ 20467 611 2 - - NN 20467 611 3 section section NN 20467 611 4 of of IN 20467 611 5 leaf leaf NN 20467 611 6 . . . 20467 612 1 = = NFP 20467 612 2 Abies Abies NNP 20467 612 3 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 612 4 , , , 20467 612 5 Mill.= mill.= RB 20467 612 6 FIR fir NN 20467 612 7 BALSAM BALSAM NNP 20467 612 8 . . . 20467 613 1 BALSAM BALSAM NNP 20467 613 2 . . . 20467 614 1 FIR FIR NNP 20467 614 2 . . . 20467 615 1 = = NFP 20467 615 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 615 3 and and CC 20467 615 4 Range.=--Rich Range.=--Rich NNP 20467 615 5 , , , 20467 615 6 damp damp VBP 20467 615 7 , , , 20467 615 8 cool cool JJ 20467 615 9 woods wood NNS 20467 615 10 , , , 20467 615 11 deep deep JJ 20467 615 12 swamps swamp NNS 20467 615 13 , , , 20467 615 14 mountain mountain NN 20467 615 15 slopes slope NNS 20467 615 16 . . . 20467 616 1 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 616 2 , , , 20467 616 3 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 616 4 , , , 20467 616 5 and and CC 20467 616 6 Nova Nova NNP 20467 616 7 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 616 8 , , , 20467 616 9 northwest northwest RB 20467 616 10 to to IN 20467 616 11 the the DT 20467 616 12 Great Great NNP 20467 616 13 Bear Bear NNP 20467 616 14 Lake Lake NNP 20467 616 15 region region NN 20467 616 16 . . . 20467 617 1 Maine,--very Maine,--very NNP 20467 617 2 generally generally RB 20467 617 3 distributed distribute VBN 20467 617 4 , , , 20467 617 5 ordinarily ordinarily RB 20467 617 6 associated associate VBN 20467 617 7 with with IN 20467 617 8 white white JJ 20467 617 9 pine pine NN 20467 617 10 , , , 20467 617 11 black black JJ 20467 617 12 spruce spruce NN 20467 617 13 , , , 20467 617 14 red red JJ 20467 617 15 spruce spruce NN 20467 617 16 , , , 20467 617 17 and and CC 20467 617 18 a a DT 20467 617 19 few few JJ 20467 617 20 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 617 21 trees tree NNS 20467 617 22 , , , 20467 617 23 growing grow VBG 20467 617 24 at at IN 20467 617 25 an an DT 20467 617 26 altitude altitude NN 20467 617 27 of of IN 20467 617 28 4500 4500 CD 20467 617 29 feet foot NNS 20467 617 30 upon upon IN 20467 617 31 Katahdin Katahdin NNP 20467 617 32 ; ; : 20467 617 33 New New NNP 20467 617 34 Hampshire,--common hampshire,--common NN 20467 617 35 in in IN 20467 617 36 upper upper JJ 20467 617 37 Coos Coos NNP 20467 617 38 county county NN 20467 617 39 and and CC 20467 617 40 in in IN 20467 617 41 the the DT 20467 617 42 White white JJ 20467 617 43 mountains mountain NNS 20467 617 44 , , , 20467 617 45 where where WRB 20467 617 46 it -PRON- PRP 20467 617 47 climbs climb VBZ 20467 617 48 up up IN 20467 617 49 to to IN 20467 617 50 the the DT 20467 617 51 alpine alpine NN 20467 617 52 area area NN 20467 617 53 ; ; : 20467 617 54 in in IN 20467 617 55 the the DT 20467 617 56 southern southern JJ 20467 617 57 part part NN 20467 617 58 of of IN 20467 617 59 the the DT 20467 617 60 state state NN 20467 617 61 , , , 20467 617 62 in in IN 20467 617 63 the the DT 20467 617 64 extensive extensive JJ 20467 617 65 swamps swamp NNS 20467 617 66 around around IN 20467 617 67 the the DT 20467 617 68 sources source NNS 20467 617 69 of of IN 20467 617 70 the the DT 20467 617 71 Contoocook Contoocook NNP 20467 617 72 and and CC 20467 617 73 Miller Miller NNP 20467 617 74 's 's POS 20467 617 75 rivers river NNS 20467 617 76 , , , 20467 617 77 it -PRON- PRP 20467 617 78 is be VBZ 20467 617 79 the the DT 20467 617 80 prevailing prevail VBG 20467 617 81 timber timber NN 20467 617 82 ; ; : 20467 617 83 Vermont,--common vermont,--common NN 20467 617 84 ; ; : 20467 617 85 not not RB 20467 617 86 rare rare VB 20467 617 87 on on IN 20467 617 88 mountain mountain NN 20467 617 89 slopes slope NNS 20467 617 90 and and CC 20467 617 91 even even RB 20467 617 92 summits summit NNS 20467 617 93 ; ; : 20467 617 94 Massachusetts,--not massachusetts,--not RB 20467 617 95 uncommon uncommon JJ 20467 617 96 on on IN 20467 617 97 mountain mountain NN 20467 617 98 slopes slope NNS 20467 617 99 in in IN 20467 617 100 the the DT 20467 617 101 northwestern northwestern JJ 20467 617 102 and and CC 20467 617 103 central central JJ 20467 617 104 portions portion NNS 20467 617 105 of of IN 20467 617 106 the the DT 20467 617 107 state state NN 20467 617 108 , , , 20467 617 109 ranging range VBG 20467 617 110 above above IN 20467 617 111 the the DT 20467 617 112 red red JJ 20467 617 113 spruces spruce NNS 20467 617 114 upon upon IN 20467 617 115 Graylock Graylock NNP 20467 617 116 ; ; : 20467 617 117 a a DT 20467 617 118 few few JJ 20467 617 119 trees tree NNS 20467 617 120 here here RB 20467 617 121 and and CC 20467 617 122 there there RB 20467 617 123 in in IN 20467 617 124 damp damp JJ 20467 617 125 woods wood NNS 20467 617 126 or or CC 20467 617 127 cold cold JJ 20467 617 128 swamps swamp NNS 20467 617 129 in in IN 20467 617 130 the the DT 20467 617 131 southern southern JJ 20467 617 132 and and CC 20467 617 133 eastern eastern JJ 20467 617 134 sections section NNS 20467 617 135 , , , 20467 617 136 where where WRB 20467 617 137 it -PRON- PRP 20467 617 138 has have VBZ 20467 617 139 probably probably RB 20467 617 140 been be VBN 20467 617 141 accidentally accidentally RB 20467 617 142 introduced introduce VBN 20467 617 143 ; ; : 20467 617 144 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 617 145 Island Island NNP 20467 617 146 and and CC 20467 617 147 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 617 148 reported report VBD 20467 617 149 . . . 20467 618 1 South south RB 20467 618 2 to to IN 20467 618 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 618 4 and and CC 20467 618 5 along along IN 20467 618 6 high high JJ 20467 618 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 618 8 to to IN 20467 618 9 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 618 10 ; ; : 20467 618 11 west west NN 20467 618 12 to to IN 20467 618 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 618 14 . . . 20467 619 1 = = NFP 20467 619 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 619 3 slender slender NN 20467 619 4 , , , 20467 619 5 handsome handsome JJ 20467 619 6 tree tree NN 20467 619 7 , , , 20467 619 8 the the DT 20467 619 9 most most RBS 20467 619 10 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 619 11 of of IN 20467 619 12 the the DT 20467 619 13 New New NNP 20467 619 14 England England NNP 20467 619 15 spruces spruce NNS 20467 619 16 , , , 20467 619 17 with with IN 20467 619 18 a a DT 20467 619 19 height height NN 20467 619 20 of of IN 20467 619 21 25 25 CD 20467 619 22 - - SYM 20467 619 23 60 60 CD 20467 619 24 feet foot NNS 20467 619 25 , , , 20467 619 26 and and CC 20467 619 27 a a DT 20467 619 28 diameter diameter NN 20467 619 29 of of IN 20467 619 30 1 1 CD 20467 619 31 - - SYM 20467 619 32 2 2 CD 20467 619 33 feet foot NNS 20467 619 34 at at IN 20467 619 35 the the DT 20467 619 36 ground ground NN 20467 619 37 , , , 20467 619 38 reduced reduce VBN 20467 619 39 to to IN 20467 619 40 a a DT 20467 619 41 shrub shrub NN 20467 619 42 at at IN 20467 619 43 high high JJ 20467 619 44 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 619 45 ; ; , 20467 619 46 branches branch NNS 20467 619 47 in in IN 20467 619 48 young young JJ 20467 619 49 trees tree NNS 20467 619 50 usually usually RB 20467 619 51 in in IN 20467 619 52 whorls whorls NN 20467 619 53 ; ; : 20467 619 54 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 619 55 mostly mostly RB 20467 619 56 opposite opposite JJ 20467 619 57 . . . 20467 620 1 The the DT 20467 620 2 branches branch NNS 20467 620 3 go go VBP 20467 620 4 out out RP 20467 620 5 from from IN 20467 620 6 the the DT 20467 620 7 trunk trunk NN 20467 620 8 at at IN 20467 620 9 an an DT 20467 620 10 angle angle NN 20467 620 11 varying varying NN 20467 620 12 to to IN 20467 620 13 a a DT 20467 620 14 marked marked JJ 20467 620 15 degree degree NN 20467 620 16 even even RB 20467 620 17 in in IN 20467 620 18 trees tree NNS 20467 620 19 of of IN 20467 620 20 about about RB 20467 620 21 the the DT 20467 620 22 same same JJ 20467 620 23 size size NN 20467 620 24 and and CC 20467 620 25 apparent apparent JJ 20467 620 26 age age NN 20467 620 27 ; ; : 20467 620 28 in in IN 20467 620 29 some some DT 20467 620 30 trees tree NNS 20467 620 31 declined decline VBD 20467 620 32 near near IN 20467 620 33 the the DT 20467 620 34 base base NN 20467 620 35 , , , 20467 620 36 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 620 37 midway midway NN 20467 620 38 , , , 20467 620 39 ascending ascend VBG 20467 620 40 near near IN 20467 620 41 the the DT 20467 620 42 top top NN 20467 620 43 ; ; : 20467 620 44 in in IN 20467 620 45 others other NNS 20467 620 46 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 620 47 or or CC 20467 620 48 ascending ascend VBG 20467 620 49 throughout throughout IN 20467 620 50 ; ; : 20467 620 51 in in IN 20467 620 52 others other NNS 20467 620 53 declining decline VBG 20467 620 54 throughout throughout IN 20467 620 55 like like IN 20467 620 56 those those DT 20467 620 57 of of IN 20467 620 58 the the DT 20467 620 59 Norway Norway NNP 20467 620 60 spruce spruce VBP 20467 620 61 ; ; : 20467 620 62 all all PDT 20467 620 63 these these DT 20467 620 64 forms form NNS 20467 620 65 growing grow VBG 20467 620 66 apparently apparently RB 20467 620 67 under under IN 20467 620 68 precisely precisely RB 20467 620 69 the the DT 20467 620 70 same same JJ 20467 620 71 conditions condition NNS 20467 620 72 ; ; : 20467 620 73 head head VB 20467 620 74 widest wide JJS 20467 620 75 at at IN 20467 620 76 the the DT 20467 620 77 base base NN 20467 620 78 and and CC 20467 620 79 tapering taper VBG 20467 620 80 regularly regularly RB 20467 620 81 upward upward RB 20467 620 82 ; ; : 20467 620 83 foliage foliage NN 20467 620 84 dark dark JJ 20467 620 85 bright bright JJ 20467 620 86 green green JJ 20467 620 87 ; ; : 20467 620 88 cones cone NNS 20467 620 89 erect erect NN 20467 620 90 and and CC 20467 620 91 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 620 92 . . . 20467 621 1 = = NFP 20467 621 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 621 3 of of IN 20467 621 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 621 5 in in IN 20467 621 6 old old JJ 20467 621 7 trees tree NNS 20467 621 8 a a DT 20467 621 9 variegated variegated JJ 20467 621 10 ashen ashen NNP 20467 621 11 gray gray JJ 20467 621 12 , , , 20467 621 13 appearing appear VBG 20467 621 14 smooth smooth JJ 20467 621 15 at at IN 20467 621 16 a a DT 20467 621 17 short short JJ 20467 621 18 distance distance NN 20467 621 19 , , , 20467 621 20 but but CC 20467 621 21 often often RB 20467 621 22 beset beset VBP 20467 621 23 with with IN 20467 621 24 fine fine JJ 20467 621 25 scales scale NNS 20467 621 26 , , , 20467 621 27 with with IN 20467 621 28 one one CD 20467 621 29 edge edge NN 20467 621 30 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 621 31 revolute revolute VB 20467 621 32 , , , 20467 621 33 giving give VBG 20467 621 34 a a DT 20467 621 35 ripply ripply NN 20467 621 36 aspect aspect NN 20467 621 37 ; ; : 20467 621 38 branches branch NNS 20467 621 39 and and CC 20467 621 40 young young JJ 20467 621 41 trees tree NNS 20467 621 42 mottled mottle VBN 20467 621 43 or or CC 20467 621 44 striate striate JJ 20467 621 45 , , , 20467 621 46 greenish greenish JJ 20467 621 47 - - HYPH 20467 621 48 brown brown JJ 20467 621 49 and and CC 20467 621 50 very very RB 20467 621 51 smooth smooth JJ 20467 621 52 ; ; : 20467 621 53 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 621 54 from from IN 20467 621 55 which which WDT 20467 621 56 the the DT 20467 621 57 leaves leave NNS 20467 621 58 have have VBP 20467 621 59 fallen fall VBN 20467 621 60 marked mark VBN 20467 621 61 with with IN 20467 621 62 nearly nearly RB 20467 621 63 circular circular JJ 20467 621 64 leaf leaf NN 20467 621 65 - - HYPH 20467 621 66 scars scar NNS 20467 621 67 ; ; : 20467 621 68 season season NN 20467 621 69 's 's POS 20467 621 70 shoots shoot NNS 20467 621 71 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 621 72 ; ; : 20467 621 73 bark bark NN 20467 621 74 of of IN 20467 621 75 trunk trunk NN 20467 621 76 in in IN 20467 621 77 all all DT 20467 621 78 trees tree NNS 20467 621 79 except except IN 20467 621 80 the the DT 20467 621 81 oldest old JJS 20467 621 82 with with IN 20467 621 83 numerous numerous JJ 20467 621 84 blisters blister NNS 20467 621 85 , , , 20467 621 86 containing contain VBG 20467 621 87 the the DT 20467 621 88 Canada Canada NNP 20467 621 89 balsam balsam NN 20467 621 90 of of IN 20467 621 91 commerce commerce NN 20467 621 92 . . . 20467 622 1 = = NFP 20467 622 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 622 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 622 4 and and CC 20467 622 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 622 6 small small JJ 20467 622 7 , , , 20467 622 8 roundish roundish JJ 20467 622 9 , , , 20467 622 10 resinous resinous JJ 20467 622 11 , , , 20467 622 12 grouped group VBN 20467 622 13 on on IN 20467 622 14 the the DT 20467 622 15 leading leading JJ 20467 622 16 shoots shoot NNS 20467 622 17 . . . 20467 623 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 623 2 scattered scatter VBN 20467 623 3 , , , 20467 623 4 spirally spirally RB 20467 623 5 arranged arrange VBN 20467 623 6 in in IN 20467 623 7 rows row NNS 20467 623 8 , , , 20467 623 9 at at IN 20467 623 10 right right JJ 20467 623 11 angles angle NNS 20467 623 12 to to IN 20467 623 13 twig twig NNP 20467 623 14 , , , 20467 623 15 or or CC 20467 623 16 disposed dispose VBN 20467 623 17 in in IN 20467 623 18 two two CD 20467 623 19 ranks rank NNS 20467 623 20 like like IN 20467 623 21 the the DT 20467 623 22 hemlock hemlock NN 20467 623 23 ; ; : 20467 623 24 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 623 25 - - SYM 20467 623 26 1 1 CD 20467 623 27 inch inch NN 20467 623 28 long long JJ 20467 623 29 , , , 20467 623 30 dark dark JJ 20467 623 31 glossy glossy JJ 20467 623 32 green green NN 20467 623 33 on on IN 20467 623 34 the the DT 20467 623 35 upper upper JJ 20467 623 36 surface surface NN 20467 623 37 , , , 20467 623 38 beneath beneath IN 20467 623 39 silvery silvery NNP 20467 623 40 bluish bluish JJ 20467 623 41 - - HYPH 20467 623 42 white white JJ 20467 623 43 , , , 20467 623 44 and and CC 20467 623 45 traversed traverse VBN 20467 623 46 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 623 47 by by IN 20467 623 48 rows row NNS 20467 623 49 of of IN 20467 623 50 minute minute NN 20467 623 51 dots dot NNS 20467 623 52 , , , 20467 623 53 flat flat JJ 20467 623 54 , , , 20467 623 55 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 623 56 linear linear JJ 20467 623 57 ; ; : 20467 623 58 apex apex NNP 20467 623 59 blunt blunt NNP 20467 623 60 , , , 20467 623 61 in in IN 20467 623 62 young young JJ 20467 623 63 trees tree NNS 20467 623 64 and and CC 20467 623 65 upon upon IN 20467 623 66 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 623 67 shoots shoot NNS 20467 623 68 , , , 20467 623 69 often often RB 20467 623 70 slightly slightly RB 20467 623 71 but but CC 20467 623 72 distinctly distinctly RB 20467 623 73 notched notch VBN 20467 623 74 , , , 20467 623 75 or or CC 20467 623 76 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 623 77 upon upon IN 20467 623 78 upper upper JJ 20467 623 79 branches branch NNS 20467 623 80 with with IN 20467 623 81 a a DT 20467 623 82 sharp sharp JJ 20467 623 83 , , , 20467 623 84 rigid rigid JJ 20467 623 85 point point NN 20467 623 86 ; ; : 20467 623 87 sessile sessile NN 20467 623 88 ; ; : 20467 623 89 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 623 90 . . . 20467 624 1 = = NFP 20467 624 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early RB 20467 624 3 spring spring NN 20467 624 4 . . . 20467 625 1 Lateral lateral JJ 20467 625 2 or or CC 20467 625 3 terminal terminal JJ 20467 625 4 on on IN 20467 625 5 shoots shoot NNS 20467 625 6 of of IN 20467 625 7 the the DT 20467 625 8 preceding precede VBG 20467 625 9 season season NN 20467 625 10 ; ; , 20467 625 11 sterile sterile JJ 20467 625 12 flowers flower NNS 20467 625 13 oblong oblong JJ 20467 625 14 - - HYPH 20467 625 15 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 625 16 , , , 20467 625 17 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 625 18 inch inch NN 20467 625 19 in in IN 20467 625 20 length length NN 20467 625 21 ; ; : 20467 625 22 anthers anther NNS 20467 625 23 yellow yellow JJ 20467 625 24 , , , 20467 625 25 red red JJ 20467 625 26 - - HYPH 20467 625 27 tinged tinged JJ 20467 625 28 : : : 20467 625 29 fertile fertile JJ 20467 625 30 flowers flower NNS 20467 625 31 on on IN 20467 625 32 the the DT 20467 625 33 upper upper JJ 20467 625 34 side side NN 20467 625 35 of of IN 20467 625 36 the the DT 20467 625 37 twig twig NN 20467 625 38 , , , 20467 625 39 erect erect NN 20467 625 40 , , , 20467 625 41 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 625 42 ; ; : 20467 625 43 cover cover NN 20467 625 44 - - HYPH 20467 625 45 scales scale NNS 20467 625 46 broad broad JJ 20467 625 47 , , , 20467 625 48 much much RB 20467 625 49 larger large JJR 20467 625 50 than than IN 20467 625 51 the the DT 20467 625 52 purple purple JJ 20467 625 53 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 625 54 scales scale NNS 20467 625 55 , , , 20467 625 56 terminating terminate VBG 20467 625 57 in in IN 20467 625 58 a a DT 20467 625 59 long long JJ 20467 625 60 , , , 20467 625 61 recurved recurved JJ 20467 625 62 tip tip NN 20467 625 63 . . . 20467 626 1 = = NFP 20467 626 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 626 3 along along IN 20467 626 4 the the DT 20467 626 5 upper upper JJ 20467 626 6 side side NN 20467 626 7 of of IN 20467 626 8 the the DT 20467 626 9 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 626 10 , , , 20467 626 11 erect erect NN 20467 626 12 or or CC 20467 626 13 nearly nearly RB 20467 626 14 so so RB 20467 626 15 in in IN 20467 626 16 all all DT 20467 626 17 stages stage NNS 20467 626 18 of of IN 20467 626 19 growth growth NN 20467 626 20 , , , 20467 626 21 purplish purplish JJ 20467 626 22 when when WRB 20467 626 23 young young JJ 20467 626 24 , , , 20467 626 25 3 3 CD 20467 626 26 - - SYM 20467 626 27 5 5 CD 20467 626 28 inches inch NNS 20467 626 29 long long JJ 20467 626 30 , , , 20467 626 31 1 1 CD 20467 626 32 inch inch NN 20467 626 33 or or CC 20467 626 34 more more RBR 20467 626 35 wide wide JJ 20467 626 36 ; ; : 20467 626 37 puberulous puberulous JJ 20467 626 38 ; ; : 20467 626 39 cover cover NN 20467 626 40 - - HYPH 20467 626 41 scales scale NNS 20467 626 42 at at IN 20467 626 43 maturity maturity NN 20467 626 44 much much RB 20467 626 45 smaller small JJR 20467 626 46 than than IN 20467 626 47 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 626 48 scales scale NNS 20467 626 49 , , , 20467 626 50 thin thin JJ 20467 626 51 , , , 20467 626 52 obovate obovate VBP 20467 626 53 , , , 20467 626 54 serrulate serrulate JJ 20467 626 55 , , , 20467 626 56 bristle bristle NN 20467 626 57 - - HYPH 20467 626 58 pointed point VBD 20467 626 59 ; ; : 20467 626 60 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 626 61 scales scale NNS 20467 626 62 thin thin JJ 20467 626 63 , , , 20467 626 64 broad broad JJ 20467 626 65 , , , 20467 626 66 rounded rounded JJ 20467 626 67 ; ; : 20467 626 68 edge edge NN 20467 626 69 minutely minutely RB 20467 626 70 erose erose VBD 20467 626 71 , , , 20467 626 72 serrulate serrulate JJ 20467 626 73 or or CC 20467 626 74 entire entire JJ 20467 626 75 ; ; : 20467 626 76 both both DT 20467 626 77 kinds kind NNS 20467 626 78 of of IN 20467 626 79 scales scale NNS 20467 626 80 falling fall VBG 20467 626 81 from from IN 20467 626 82 the the DT 20467 626 83 axis axis NN 20467 626 84 at at IN 20467 626 85 maturity maturity NN 20467 626 86 ; ; , 20467 626 87 seeds seed NNS 20467 626 88 winged wing VBD 20467 626 89 , , , 20467 626 90 purplish purplish JJ 20467 626 91 . . . 20467 627 1 = = NFP 20467 627 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 627 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 627 4 in in IN 20467 627 5 New New NNP 20467 627 6 England England NNP 20467 627 7 , , , 20467 627 8 but but CC 20467 627 9 best best RB 20467 627 10 adapted adapt VBN 20467 627 11 to to IN 20467 627 12 the the DT 20467 627 13 northern northern JJ 20467 627 14 sections section NNS 20467 627 15 ; ; , 20467 627 16 grows grow VBZ 20467 627 17 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 627 18 in in IN 20467 627 19 open open JJ 20467 627 20 or or CC 20467 627 21 shaded shaded JJ 20467 627 22 situations situation NNS 20467 627 23 , , , 20467 627 24 especially especially RB 20467 627 25 where where WRB 20467 627 26 there there EX 20467 627 27 is be VBZ 20467 627 28 cool cool JJ 20467 627 29 , , , 20467 627 30 moist moist JJ 20467 627 31 , , , 20467 627 32 rich rich JJ 20467 627 33 soil soil NN 20467 627 34 ; ; : 20467 627 35 easily easily RB 20467 627 36 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 627 37 ; ; : 20467 627 38 suitable suitable JJ 20467 627 39 for for IN 20467 627 40 immediate immediate JJ 20467 627 41 effects effect NNS 20467 627 42 in in IN 20467 627 43 forest forest NN 20467 627 44 plantations plantation NNS 20467 627 45 , , , 20467 627 46 but but CC 20467 627 47 not not RB 20467 627 48 desirable desirable JJ 20467 627 49 for for IN 20467 627 50 a a DT 20467 627 51 permanent permanent JJ 20467 627 52 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 627 53 tree tree NN 20467 627 54 , , , 20467 627 55 as as IN 20467 627 56 it -PRON- PRP 20467 627 57 loses lose VBZ 20467 627 58 the the DT 20467 627 59 lower low JJR 20467 627 60 branches branch NNS 20467 627 61 at at IN 20467 627 62 an an DT 20467 627 63 early early JJ 20467 627 64 period period NN 20467 627 65 . . . 20467 628 1 Nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 628 2 and and CC 20467 628 3 collectors collector NNS 20467 628 4 offer offer VBP 20467 628 5 it -PRON- PRP 20467 628 6 in in IN 20467 628 7 quantity quantity NN 20467 628 8 at at IN 20467 628 9 a a DT 20467 628 10 low low JJ 20467 628 11 price price NN 20467 628 12 . . . 20467 629 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 629 2 from from IN 20467 629 3 seed seed NN 20467 629 4 . . . 20467 630 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 630 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 630 3 : : : 20467 630 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 630 5 X.--Abies x.--abie VBZ 20467 630 6 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 630 7 . . . 20467 630 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 631 1 1 1 LS 20467 631 2 . . . 20467 632 1 Branch branch NN 20467 632 2 with with IN 20467 632 3 flower flower NN 20467 632 4 - - HYPH 20467 632 5 buds bud NNS 20467 632 6 . . . 20467 633 1 2 2 LS 20467 633 2 . . . 20467 634 1 Branch branch NN 20467 634 2 with with IN 20467 634 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 634 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 634 5 . . . 20467 635 1 3 3 LS 20467 635 2 . . . 20467 636 1 Branch branch NN 20467 636 2 with with IN 20467 636 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 636 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 636 5 . . . 20467 637 1 4 4 LS 20467 637 2 . . . 20467 638 1 Cover cover NN 20467 638 2 - - HYPH 20467 638 3 scale scale NN 20467 638 4 and and CC 20467 638 5 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 638 6 scale scale NN 20467 638 7 with with IN 20467 638 8 ovules ovule NNS 20467 638 9 , , , 20467 638 10 inner inner JJ 20467 638 11 side side NN 20467 638 12 . . . 20467 639 1 5 5 CD 20467 639 2 . . . 20467 640 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 640 2 branch branch NN 20467 640 3 . . . 20467 641 1 6 6 CD 20467 641 2 . . . 20467 642 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 642 2 scales scale NNS 20467 642 3 with with IN 20467 642 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 642 5 at at IN 20467 642 6 maturity maturity NN 20467 642 7 , , , 20467 642 8 inner inner JJ 20467 642 9 side side NN 20467 642 10 . . . 20467 643 1 7 7 LS 20467 643 2 . . . 20467 644 1 Cone cone NN 20467 644 2 - - HYPH 20467 644 3 scale scale NN 20467 644 4 and and CC 20467 644 5 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 644 6 scale scale NN 20467 644 7 at at IN 20467 644 8 maturity maturity NN 20467 644 9 , , , 20467 644 10 outer outer JJ 20467 644 11 side side NN 20467 644 12 . . . 20467 645 1 8 8 CD 20467 645 2 - - SYM 20467 645 3 9 9 CD 20467 645 4 . . . 20467 646 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 646 2 . . . 20467 647 1 10 10 CD 20467 647 2 - - SYM 20467 647 3 11 11 CD 20467 647 4 . . . 20467 648 1 Cross cross NN 20467 648 2 - - NNS 20467 648 3 sections section NNS 20467 648 4 of of IN 20467 648 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 648 6 . . . 20467 649 1 = = NFP 20467 649 2 Thuja Thuja NNP 20467 649 3 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 649 4 , , , 20467 649 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 649 6 ARBOR ARBOR NNP 20467 649 7 - - HYPH 20467 649 8 VITÆ VITÆ NNP 20467 649 9 . . . 20467 650 1 WHITE white JJ 20467 650 2 CEDAR CEDAR NNP 20467 650 3 . . . 20467 651 1 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 20467 651 2 . . . 20467 652 1 = = NFP 20467 652 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 652 3 and and CC 20467 652 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 652 5 , , , 20467 652 6 swampy swampy JJ 20467 652 7 lands land NNS 20467 652 8 , , , 20467 652 9 rocky rocky JJ 20467 652 10 borders border NNS 20467 652 11 of of IN 20467 652 12 rivers river NNS 20467 652 13 and and CC 20467 652 14 ponds pond NNS 20467 652 15 . . . 20467 653 1 Southern southern JJ 20467 653 2 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 653 3 to to IN 20467 653 4 Nova Nova NNP 20467 653 5 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 653 6 ; ; : 20467 653 7 west west NN 20467 653 8 to to IN 20467 653 9 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 653 10 . . . 20467 654 1 Maine,--throughout maine,--throughout IN 20467 654 2 the the DT 20467 654 3 state state NN 20467 654 4 ; ; : 20467 654 5 most most RBS 20467 654 6 abundant abundant JJ 20467 654 7 in in IN 20467 654 8 the the DT 20467 654 9 central central JJ 20467 654 10 and and CC 20467 654 11 northern northern JJ 20467 654 12 portions portion NNS 20467 654 13 , , , 20467 654 14 forming form VBG 20467 654 15 extensive extensive JJ 20467 654 16 areas area NNS 20467 654 17 known know VBN 20467 654 18 as as IN 20467 654 19 " " `` 20467 654 20 cedar cedar NN 20467 654 21 swamps swamp NNS 20467 654 22 " " '' 20467 654 23 ; ; : 20467 654 24 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 654 25 bordering border VBG 20467 654 26 a a DT 20467 654 27 growth growth NN 20467 654 28 of of IN 20467 654 29 black black JJ 20467 654 30 spruce spruce NN 20467 654 31 at at IN 20467 654 32 a a DT 20467 654 33 lower low JJR 20467 654 34 level level NN 20467 654 35 ; ; : 20467 654 36 New New NNP 20467 654 37 Hampshire,--mostly hampshire,--mostly RB 20467 654 38 confined confine VBD 20467 654 39 to to IN 20467 654 40 the the DT 20467 654 41 upper upper JJ 20467 654 42 part part NN 20467 654 43 of of IN 20467 654 44 Coos Coos NNP 20467 654 45 county county NN 20467 654 46 , , , 20467 654 47 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 654 48 at at IN 20467 654 49 the the DT 20467 654 50 White White NNP 20467 654 51 river river NN 20467 654 52 narrows narrow NNS 20467 654 53 near near IN 20467 654 54 Hanover Hanover NNP 20467 654 55 ; ; : 20467 654 56 seen see VBN 20467 654 57 only only RB 20467 654 58 in in IN 20467 654 59 isolated isolated JJ 20467 654 60 localities locality NNS 20467 654 61 south south RB 20467 654 62 of of IN 20467 654 63 the the DT 20467 654 64 White white JJ 20467 654 65 mountains mountain NNS 20467 654 66 ; ; : 20467 654 67 Vermont,--common vermont,--common NN 20467 654 68 in in IN 20467 654 69 swamps swamp NNS 20467 654 70 at at IN 20467 654 71 levels level NNS 20467 654 72 below below IN 20467 654 73 1000 1000 CD 20467 654 74 feet foot NNS 20467 654 75 ; ; : 20467 654 76 Massachusetts,--Berkshire Massachusetts,--Berkshire NNP 20467 654 77 county county NN 20467 654 78 ; ; : 20467 654 79 occasional occasional JJ 20467 654 80 in in IN 20467 654 81 the the DT 20467 654 82 northern northern JJ 20467 654 83 sections section NNS 20467 654 84 of of IN 20467 654 85 the the DT 20467 654 86 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 654 87 river river NN 20467 654 88 valley valley NN 20467 654 89 ; ; : 20467 654 90 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 654 91 Island,--not Island,--not NNP 20467 654 92 reported report VBD 20467 654 93 ; ; : 20467 654 94 Connecticut,--East Connecticut,--East NNP 20467 654 95 Hartford Hartford NNP 20467 654 96 ( ( -LRB- 20467 654 97 J. J. NNP 20467 654 98 N. N. NNP 20467 654 99 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 654 100 ) ) -RRB- 20467 654 101 . . . 20467 655 1 South south RB 20467 655 2 along along IN 20467 655 3 the the DT 20467 655 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 655 5 to to IN 20467 655 6 North North NNP 20467 655 7 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 655 8 and and CC 20467 655 9 East East NNP 20467 655 10 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 655 11 ; ; : 20467 655 12 west west NN 20467 655 13 to to IN 20467 655 14 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 655 15 . . . 20467 656 1 = = NFP 20467 656 2 Habit.=--Ordinarily Habit.=--Ordinarily `` 20467 656 3 25 25 CD 20467 656 4 - - HYPH 20467 656 5 50 50 CD 20467 656 6 feet foot NNS 20467 656 7 high high JJ 20467 656 8 , , , 20467 656 9 with with IN 20467 656 10 a a DT 20467 656 11 trunk trunk NN 20467 656 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 656 13 of of IN 20467 656 14 1 1 CD 20467 656 15 - - SYM 20467 656 16 2 2 CD 20467 656 17 feet foot NNS 20467 656 18 , , , 20467 656 19 in in IN 20467 656 20 northern northern JJ 20467 656 21 Maine Maine NNP 20467 656 22 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 656 23 60 60 CD 20467 656 24 - - SYM 20467 656 25 70 70 CD 20467 656 26 feet foot NNS 20467 656 27 in in IN 20467 656 28 height height NN 20467 656 29 , , , 20467 656 30 with with IN 20467 656 31 a a DT 20467 656 32 diameter diameter NN 20467 656 33 of of IN 20467 656 34 3 3 CD 20467 656 35 - - SYM 20467 656 36 5 5 CD 20467 656 37 feet foot NNS 20467 656 38 ; ; : 20467 656 39 trunk trunk NN 20467 656 40 stout stout RB 20467 656 41 , , , 20467 656 42 more more RBR 20467 656 43 or or CC 20467 656 44 less less RBR 20467 656 45 buttressed buttress VBN 20467 656 46 in in IN 20467 656 47 old old JJ 20467 656 48 trees tree NNS 20467 656 49 , , , 20467 656 50 tapering taper VBG 20467 656 51 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 656 52 , , , 20467 656 53 often often RB 20467 656 54 divided divide VBN 20467 656 55 , , , 20467 656 56 inclined inclined JJ 20467 656 57 or or CC 20467 656 58 twisted twist VBN 20467 656 59 , , , 20467 656 60 ramifying ramify VBG 20467 656 61 for for IN 20467 656 62 the the DT 20467 656 63 most most JJS 20467 656 64 part part NN 20467 656 65 near near IN 20467 656 66 the the DT 20467 656 67 ground ground NN 20467 656 68 , , , 20467 656 69 forming form VBG 20467 656 70 a a DT 20467 656 71 dense dense JJ 20467 656 72 head head NN 20467 656 73 , , , 20467 656 74 rather rather RB 20467 656 75 small small JJ 20467 656 76 for for IN 20467 656 77 the the DT 20467 656 78 size size NN 20467 656 79 of of IN 20467 656 80 the the DT 20467 656 81 trunk trunk NN 20467 656 82 ; ; : 20467 656 83 branches branch NNS 20467 656 84 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 656 85 disposed disposed JJ 20467 656 86 and and CC 20467 656 87 nearly nearly RB 20467 656 88 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 656 89 , , , 20467 656 90 the the DT 20467 656 91 lower lower RBR 20467 656 92 often often RB 20467 656 93 much much RB 20467 656 94 declined decline VBD 20467 656 95 ; ; : 20467 656 96 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 656 97 many many JJ 20467 656 98 , , , 20467 656 99 the the DT 20467 656 100 flat flat JJ 20467 656 101 spray spray NN 20467 656 102 disposed dispose VBN 20467 656 103 in in IN 20467 656 104 fan fan NN 20467 656 105 - - HYPH 20467 656 106 shaped shape VBN 20467 656 107 planes plane NNS 20467 656 108 at at IN 20467 656 109 different different JJ 20467 656 110 angles angle NNS 20467 656 111 ; ; : 20467 656 112 foliage foliage NN 20467 656 113 bright bright JJ 20467 656 114 , , , 20467 656 115 often often RB 20467 656 116 interspersed intersperse VBN 20467 656 117 here here RB 20467 656 118 and and CC 20467 656 119 there there RB 20467 656 120 with with IN 20467 656 121 yellow yellow NN 20467 656 122 , , , 20467 656 123 faded fade VBD 20467 656 124 leaves leave NNS 20467 656 125 . . . 20467 657 1 = = NFP 20467 657 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 657 3 of of IN 20467 657 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 657 5 in in IN 20467 657 6 old old JJ 20467 657 7 trees tree NNS 20467 657 8 a a DT 20467 657 9 dead dead JJ 20467 657 10 ash ash NN 20467 657 11 - - HYPH 20467 657 12 gray gray JJ 20467 657 13 , , , 20467 657 14 striate striate NN 20467 657 15 with with IN 20467 657 16 broad broad JJ 20467 657 17 and and CC 20467 657 18 flat flat JJ 20467 657 19 ridges ridge NNS 20467 657 20 , , , 20467 657 21 often often RB 20467 657 22 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 657 23 spirally spirally RB 20467 657 24 twisted twist VBN 20467 657 25 , , , 20467 657 26 shreddy shreddy JJ 20467 657 27 at at IN 20467 657 28 the the DT 20467 657 29 edge edge NN 20467 657 30 ; ; , 20467 657 31 young young JJ 20467 657 32 stems stem NNS 20467 657 33 and and CC 20467 657 34 large large JJ 20467 657 35 branches branch NNS 20467 657 36 reddish reddish JJ 20467 657 37 - - HYPH 20467 657 38 brown brown NN 20467 657 39 , , , 20467 657 40 more more RBR 20467 657 41 or or CC 20467 657 42 less less JJR 20467 657 43 striate striate JJ 20467 657 44 and and CC 20467 657 45 shreddy shreddy NN 20467 657 46 ; ; : 20467 657 47 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 657 48 ultimately ultimately RB 20467 657 49 smooth smooth VBP 20467 657 50 , , , 20467 657 51 shining shine VBG 20467 657 52 , , , 20467 657 53 reddish reddish JJ 20467 657 54 - - HYPH 20467 657 55 brown brown NN 20467 657 56 , , , 20467 657 57 marked mark VBN 20467 657 58 by by IN 20467 657 59 raised raise VBN 20467 657 60 scars scar NNS 20467 657 61 ; ; : 20467 657 62 season season NN 20467 657 63 's 's POS 20467 657 64 twigs twig NNS 20467 657 65 invested invest VBN 20467 657 66 with with IN 20467 657 67 leaves leave NNS 20467 657 68 . . . 20467 658 1 = = NFP 20467 658 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 658 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 658 4 and and CC 20467 658 5 Leaves.=--Leaf Leaves.=--Leaf NNP 20467 658 6 - - HYPH 20467 658 7 buds bud NNS 20467 658 8 naked naked JJ 20467 658 9 , , , 20467 658 10 minute minute NN 20467 658 11 . . . 20467 659 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 659 2 in in IN 20467 659 3 opposite opposite JJ 20467 659 4 pairs pair NNS 20467 659 5 , , , 20467 659 6 4-ranked 4-ranked CD 20467 659 7 , , , 20467 659 8 closely closely RB 20467 659 9 adherent adherent JJ 20467 659 10 to to IN 20467 659 11 the the DT 20467 659 12 branchlet branchlet NN 20467 659 13 and and CC 20467 659 14 completely completely RB 20467 659 15 covering cover VBG 20467 659 16 it -PRON- PRP 20467 659 17 , , , 20467 659 18 keeled keel VBN 20467 659 19 in in IN 20467 659 20 the the DT 20467 659 21 side side NN 20467 659 22 pairs pair NNS 20467 659 23 and and CC 20467 659 24 flat flat JJ 20467 659 25 in in IN 20467 659 26 the the DT 20467 659 27 others other NNS 20467 659 28 , , , 20467 659 29 scale scale NN 20467 659 30 - - HYPH 20467 659 31 like like JJ 20467 659 32 , , , 20467 659 33 ovate ovate JJ 20467 659 34 ( ( -LRB- 20467 659 35 in in IN 20467 659 36 seedlings seedling NNS 20467 659 37 needle needle NN 20467 659 38 - - HYPH 20467 659 39 shaped shaped JJ 20467 659 40 ) ) -RRB- 20467 659 41 , , , 20467 659 42 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 659 43 or or CC 20467 659 44 pointed point VBD 20467 659 45 at at IN 20467 659 46 the the DT 20467 659 47 apex apex NN 20467 659 48 , , , 20467 659 49 glandular glandular JJ 20467 659 50 upon upon IN 20467 659 51 the the DT 20467 659 52 back back NN 20467 659 53 , , , 20467 659 54 exhaling exhale VBG 20467 659 55 when when WRB 20467 659 56 bruised bruise VBN 20467 659 57 a a DT 20467 659 58 strong strong JJ 20467 659 59 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 659 60 odor odor NN 20467 659 61 . . . 20467 660 1 = = NFP 20467 660 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 660 3 to to IN 20467 660 4 May. May NNP 20467 661 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 661 2 terminal terminal JJ 20467 661 3 , , , 20467 661 4 dark dark JJ 20467 661 5 reddish reddish JJ 20467 661 6 - - HYPH 20467 661 7 brown brown JJ 20467 661 8 ; ; : 20467 661 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 661 10 and and CC 20467 661 11 fertile fertile JJ 20467 661 12 , , , 20467 661 13 usually usually RB 20467 661 14 on on IN 20467 661 15 the the DT 20467 661 16 same same JJ 20467 661 17 plant plant NN 20467 661 18 , , , 20467 661 19 rarely rarely RB 20467 661 20 on on IN 20467 661 21 separate separate JJ 20467 661 22 plants plant NNS 20467 661 23 ; ; : 20467 661 24 anthers anther NNS 20467 661 25 opposite opposite JJ 20467 661 26 ; ; : 20467 661 27 filaments filament NNS 20467 661 28 short short JJ 20467 661 29 ; ; : 20467 661 30 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 661 31 scales scale NNS 20467 661 32 opposite opposite JJ 20467 661 33 , , , 20467 661 34 with with IN 20467 661 35 slight slight JJ 20467 661 36 projections projection NNS 20467 661 37 near near IN 20467 661 38 the the DT 20467 661 39 base base NN 20467 661 40 , , , 20467 661 41 usually usually RB 20467 661 42 2-ovuled 2-ovuled CD 20467 661 43 . . . 20467 662 1 = = NFP 20467 662 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 662 3 , , , 20467 662 4 terminal terminal NN 20467 662 5 on on IN 20467 662 6 short short JJ 20467 662 7 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 662 8 , , , 20467 662 9 spreading spread VBG 20467 662 10 or or CC 20467 662 11 recurved recurve VBN 20467 662 12 , , , 20467 662 13 about about RB 20467 662 14 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 662 15 inch inch NN 20467 662 16 long long JJ 20467 662 17 , , , 20467 662 18 reddish reddish JJ 20467 662 19 - - HYPH 20467 662 20 brown brown NN 20467 662 21 , , , 20467 662 22 loose loose RB 20467 662 23 - - HYPH 20467 662 24 scaled scaled JJ 20467 662 25 , , , 20467 662 26 opening open VBG 20467 662 27 to to IN 20467 662 28 the the DT 20467 662 29 base base NN 20467 662 30 at at IN 20467 662 31 maturity maturity NN 20467 662 32 ; ; , 20467 662 33 persistent persistent JJ 20467 662 34 through through IN 20467 662 35 the the DT 20467 662 36 first first JJ 20467 662 37 winter winter NN 20467 662 38 ; ; : 20467 662 39 scales scale VBZ 20467 662 40 6 6 CD 20467 662 41 - - SYM 20467 662 42 12 12 CD 20467 662 43 , , , 20467 662 44 dry dry JJ 20467 662 45 , , , 20467 662 46 oblong oblong JJ 20467 662 47 , , , 20467 662 48 not not RB 20467 662 49 shield shield NN 20467 662 50 - - HYPH 20467 662 51 shaped shaped JJ 20467 662 52 , , , 20467 662 53 not not RB 20467 662 54 pointed pointed JJ 20467 662 55 ; ; : 20467 662 56 margin margin NN 20467 662 57 entire entire JJ 20467 662 58 or or CC 20467 662 59 nearly nearly RB 20467 662 60 so so RB 20467 662 61 ; ; : 20467 662 62 seeds seed NNS 20467 662 63 winged wing VBD 20467 662 64 all all DT 20467 662 65 round round JJ 20467 662 66 . . . 20467 663 1 = = NFP 20467 663 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 663 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 663 4 in in IN 20467 663 5 New New NNP 20467 663 6 England England NNP 20467 663 7 ; ; : 20467 663 8 adapts adapt VBZ 20467 663 9 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 663 10 to to IN 20467 663 11 all all DT 20467 663 12 soils soil NNS 20467 663 13 and and CC 20467 663 14 exposures exposure NNS 20467 663 15 , , , 20467 663 16 but but CC 20467 663 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 663 18 moist moist JJ 20467 663 19 locations location NNS 20467 663 20 ; ; , 20467 663 21 grows grow VBZ 20467 663 22 slowly slowly RB 20467 663 23 . . . 20467 664 1 Young young JJ 20467 664 2 trees tree NNS 20467 664 3 have have VBP 20467 664 4 a a DT 20467 664 5 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 664 6 conical conical JJ 20467 664 7 outline outline NN 20467 664 8 , , , 20467 664 9 which which WDT 20467 664 10 spreads spread VBZ 20467 664 11 out out RP 20467 664 12 at at IN 20467 664 13 the the DT 20467 664 14 base base NN 20467 664 15 with with IN 20467 664 16 age age NN 20467 664 17 ; ; , 20467 664 18 retains retain VBZ 20467 664 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 664 20 lower low JJR 20467 664 21 branches branch NNS 20467 664 22 in in IN 20467 664 23 open open JJ 20467 664 24 places place NNS 20467 664 25 , , , 20467 664 26 and and CC 20467 664 27 is be VBZ 20467 664 28 especially especially RB 20467 664 29 useful useful JJ 20467 664 30 for for IN 20467 664 31 hedges hedge NNS 20467 664 32 or or CC 20467 664 33 narrow narrow JJ 20467 664 34 evergreen evergreen JJ 20467 664 35 screens screen NNS 20467 664 36 ; ; : 20467 664 37 little little RB 20467 664 38 affected affect VBN 20467 664 39 by by IN 20467 664 40 insects insect NNS 20467 664 41 ; ; : 20467 664 42 often often RB 20467 664 43 disfigured disfigure VBD 20467 664 44 , , , 20467 664 45 however however RB 20467 664 46 , , , 20467 664 47 by by IN 20467 664 48 dead dead JJ 20467 664 49 branches branch NNS 20467 664 50 and and CC 20467 664 51 discolored discolor VBD 20467 664 52 leaves leave NNS 20467 664 53 ; ; : 20467 664 54 is be VBZ 20467 664 55 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 664 56 readily readily RB 20467 664 57 , , , 20467 664 58 and and CC 20467 664 59 can can MD 20467 664 60 be be VB 20467 664 61 obtained obtain VBN 20467 664 62 in in IN 20467 664 63 any any DT 20467 664 64 quantity quantity NN 20467 664 65 from from IN 20467 664 66 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 664 67 and and CC 20467 664 68 collectors collector NNS 20467 664 69 . . . 20467 665 1 The the DT 20467 665 2 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 665 3 forms form NNS 20467 665 4 in in IN 20467 665 5 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 665 6 range range NN 20467 665 7 from from IN 20467 665 8 thick thick JJ 20467 665 9 , , , 20467 665 10 low low JJ 20467 665 11 , , , 20467 665 12 spreading spread VBG 20467 665 13 tufts tuft NNS 20467 665 14 , , , 20467 665 15 through through IN 20467 665 16 very very JJ 20467 665 17 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 665 18 , , , 20467 665 19 round round JJ 20467 665 20 , , , 20467 665 21 oval oval JJ 20467 665 22 or or CC 20467 665 23 conical conical JJ 20467 665 24 forms form NNS 20467 665 25 , , , 20467 665 26 to to IN 20467 665 27 tall tall JJ 20467 665 28 , , , 20467 665 29 narrow narrow JJ 20467 665 30 , , , 20467 665 31 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 665 32 varieties variety NNS 20467 665 33 . . . 20467 666 1 Some some DT 20467 666 2 have have VBP 20467 666 3 all all PDT 20467 666 4 the the DT 20467 666 5 foliage foliage NN 20467 666 6 tinged tinge VBN 20467 666 7 bright bright JJ 20467 666 8 yellow yellow NNP 20467 666 9 , , , 20467 666 10 cream cream NN 20467 666 11 , , , 20467 666 12 or or CC 20467 666 13 white white JJ 20467 666 14 ; ; : 20467 666 15 others other NNS 20467 666 16 have have VBP 20467 666 17 variegated variegate VBN 20467 666 18 foliage foliage NN 20467 666 19 ; ; : 20467 666 20 another another DT 20467 666 21 form form NN 20467 666 22 has have VBZ 20467 666 23 drooping droop VBG 20467 666 24 branches branch NNS 20467 666 25 . . . 20467 667 1 The the DT 20467 667 2 bright bright JJ 20467 667 3 summer summer NN 20467 667 4 foliage foliage NN 20467 667 5 turns turn VBZ 20467 667 6 to to IN 20467 667 7 a a DT 20467 667 8 brownish brownish JJ 20467 667 9 color color NN 20467 667 10 in in IN 20467 667 11 winter winter NN 20467 667 12 . . . 20467 668 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 668 2 is be VBZ 20467 668 3 propagated propagate VBN 20467 668 4 from from IN 20467 668 5 the the DT 20467 668 6 seed seed NN 20467 668 7 and and CC 20467 668 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 668 9 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 668 10 forms form NNS 20467 668 11 from from IN 20467 668 12 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 668 13 and and CC 20467 668 14 layers layer NNS 20467 668 15 . . . 20467 669 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 669 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 669 3 : : : 20467 669 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 669 5 XI.--Thuja XI.--Thuja NNP 20467 669 6 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 20467 669 7 . . . 20467 669 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 670 1 1 1 LS 20467 670 2 . . . 20467 671 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 671 2 branch branch NN 20467 671 3 with with IN 20467 671 4 the the DT 20467 671 5 preceding precede VBG 20467 671 6 year year NN 20467 671 7 's 's POS 20467 671 8 fruit fruit NN 20467 671 9 . . . 20467 672 1 2 2 LS 20467 672 2 . . . 20467 673 1 Branch branch NN 20467 673 2 . . . 20467 674 1 3 3 LS 20467 674 2 . . . 20467 675 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 675 2 flower flower NN 20467 675 3 . . . 20467 676 1 4 4 LS 20467 676 2 . . . 20467 677 1 Stamen Stamen NNP 20467 677 2 . . . 20467 678 1 5 5 CD 20467 678 2 . . . 20467 679 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 679 2 flower flower NN 20467 679 3 . . . 20467 680 1 6 6 CD 20467 680 2 . . . 20467 681 1 Scale scale NN 20467 681 2 with with IN 20467 681 3 ovules ovule NNS 20467 681 4 . . . 20467 682 1 = = NFP 20467 682 2 Cupressus Cupressus NNP 20467 682 3 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 682 4 , , , 20467 682 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 682 6 _ _ NNP 20467 682 7 Chamæcyparis Chamæcyparis NNP 20467 682 8 sphæroidea sphæroidea NN 20467 682 9 , , , 20467 682 10 Spach Spach NNP 20467 682 11 . . . 20467 683 1 Chamæcyparis Chamæcyparis NNP 20467 683 2 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 683 3 , , , 20467 683 4 B. B. NNP 20467 683 5 S. S. NNP 20467 683 6 P. P. NNP 20467 683 7 _ _ NNP 20467 683 8 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 683 9 CEDAR CEDAR NNP 20467 683 10 . . . 20467 684 1 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 20467 684 2 . . . 20467 685 1 = = NFP 20467 685 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 685 3 and and CC 20467 685 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 685 5 deep deep JJ 20467 685 6 swamps swamp NNS 20467 685 7 and and CC 20467 685 8 marshes marsh NNS 20467 685 9 , , , 20467 685 10 which which WDT 20467 685 11 it -PRON- PRP 20467 685 12 often often RB 20467 685 13 fills fill VBZ 20467 685 14 to to IN 20467 685 15 the the DT 20467 685 16 exclusion exclusion NN 20467 685 17 of of IN 20467 685 18 other other JJ 20467 685 19 trees tree NNS 20467 685 20 , , , 20467 685 21 mostly mostly RB 20467 685 22 near near IN 20467 685 23 the the DT 20467 685 24 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 685 25 . . . 20467 686 1 Cape Cape NNP 20467 686 2 Breton Breton NNP 20467 686 3 island island NN 20467 686 4 and and CC 20467 686 5 near near IN 20467 686 6 Halifax Halifax NNP 20467 686 7 , , , 20467 686 8 Nova Nova NNP 20467 686 9 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 686 10 , , , 20467 686 11 perhaps perhaps RB 20467 686 12 introduced introduce VBN 20467 686 13 in in IN 20467 686 14 both both DT 20467 686 15 . . . 20467 687 1 Maine,--reported maine,--reporte VBN 20467 687 2 from from IN 20467 687 3 the the DT 20467 687 4 southern southern JJ 20467 687 5 part part NN 20467 687 6 of of IN 20467 687 7 York York NNP 20467 687 8 county county NN 20467 687 9 ; ; : 20467 687 10 New New NNP 20467 687 11 Hampshire,--limited hampshire,--limited UH 20467 687 12 to to IN 20467 687 13 Rockingham Rockingham NNP 20467 687 14 county county NN 20467 687 15 near near IN 20467 687 16 the the DT 20467 687 17 coast coast NN 20467 687 18 ; ; : 20467 687 19 Vermont,--no Vermont,--no NNP 20467 687 20 station station NN 20467 687 21 known know VBN 20467 687 22 ; ; : 20467 687 23 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 687 24 in in IN 20467 687 25 central central JJ 20467 687 26 and and CC 20467 687 27 eastern eastern JJ 20467 687 28 sections section NNS 20467 687 29 , , , 20467 687 30 very very RB 20467 687 31 common common JJ 20467 687 32 in in IN 20467 687 33 the the DT 20467 687 34 southeast southeast NN 20467 687 35 ; ; : 20467 687 36 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 687 37 Island,--common Island,--common NNP 20467 687 38 ; ; : 20467 687 39 Connecticut,--occasional connecticut,--occasional JJ 20467 687 40 in in IN 20467 687 41 peat peat JJ 20467 687 42 swamps swamp NNS 20467 687 43 . . . 20467 688 1 Southward Southward NNP 20467 688 2 , , , 20467 688 3 coast coast NN 20467 688 4 region region NN 20467 688 5 to to IN 20467 688 6 Florida Florida NNP 20467 688 7 and and CC 20467 688 8 west west NN 20467 688 9 to to IN 20467 688 10 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 688 11 . . . 20467 689 1 = = NFP 20467 689 2 Habit.=--20 Habit.=--20 NNPS 20467 689 3 - - HYPH 20467 689 4 50 50 CD 20467 689 5 feet foot NNS 20467 689 6 high high JJ 20467 689 7 and and CC 20467 689 8 1 1 CD 20467 689 9 - - SYM 20467 689 10 2 2 CD 20467 689 11 feet foot NNS 20467 689 12 in in IN 20467 689 13 diameter diameter NN 20467 689 14 at at IN 20467 689 15 the the DT 20467 689 16 ground ground NN 20467 689 17 , , , 20467 689 18 reaching reach VBG 20467 689 19 in in IN 20467 689 20 the the DT 20467 689 21 southern southern JJ 20467 689 22 states state NNS 20467 689 23 an an DT 20467 689 24 altitude altitude NN 20467 689 25 of of IN 20467 689 26 90 90 CD 20467 689 27 and and CC 20467 689 28 a a DT 20467 689 29 diameter diameter NN 20467 689 30 of of IN 20467 689 31 4 4 CD 20467 689 32 feet foot NNS 20467 689 33 ; ; : 20467 689 34 trunk trunk NN 20467 689 35 straight straight RB 20467 689 36 , , , 20467 689 37 tapering taper VBG 20467 689 38 slowly slowly RB 20467 689 39 , , , 20467 689 40 throwing throw VBG 20467 689 41 out out RP 20467 689 42 nearly nearly RB 20467 689 43 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 689 44 , , , 20467 689 45 slender slender NN 20467 689 46 branches branch NNS 20467 689 47 , , , 20467 689 48 forming form VBG 20467 689 49 a a DT 20467 689 50 narrow narrow JJ 20467 689 51 , , , 20467 689 52 conical conical JJ 20467 689 53 head head NN 20467 689 54 often often RB 20467 689 55 of of IN 20467 689 56 great great JJ 20467 689 57 elegance elegance NN 20467 689 58 and and CC 20467 689 59 lightness lightness NN 20467 689 60 ; ; : 20467 689 61 foliage foliage VB 20467 689 62 light light JJ 20467 689 63 brownish brownish NN 20467 689 64 - - HYPH 20467 689 65 green green JJ 20467 689 66 ; ; : 20467 689 67 strong strong JJ 20467 689 68 - - HYPH 20467 689 69 scented scented JJ 20467 689 70 ; ; : 20467 689 71 spray spray VB 20467 689 72 flat flat RB 20467 689 73 in in IN 20467 689 74 planes plane NNS 20467 689 75 disposed dispose VBN 20467 689 76 at at IN 20467 689 77 different different JJ 20467 689 78 angles angle NNS 20467 689 79 ; ; , 20467 689 80 wood wood NN 20467 689 81 permanently permanently RB 20467 689 82 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 689 83 . . . 20467 690 1 = = NFP 20467 690 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 690 3 of of IN 20467 690 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 690 5 thick thick JJ 20467 690 6 , , , 20467 690 7 reddish reddish JJ 20467 690 8 , , , 20467 690 9 fibrous fibrous JJ 20467 690 10 , , , 20467 690 11 shreddy shreddy JJ 20467 690 12 , , , 20467 690 13 separating separate VBG 20467 690 14 into into IN 20467 690 15 thin thin JJ 20467 690 16 scales scale NNS 20467 690 17 , , , 20467 690 18 becoming become VBG 20467 690 19 more more RBR 20467 690 20 or or CC 20467 690 21 less less RBR 20467 690 22 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 690 23 in in IN 20467 690 24 old old JJ 20467 690 25 trees tree NNS 20467 690 26 ; ; : 20467 690 27 branches branch VBZ 20467 690 28 reddish reddish JJ 20467 690 29 - - HYPH 20467 690 30 brown brown JJ 20467 690 31 ; ; : 20467 690 32 fine fine JJ 20467 690 33 scaled scale VBN 20467 690 34 ; ; : 20467 690 35 branches branch NNS 20467 690 36 after after IN 20467 690 37 fall fall NN 20467 690 38 of of IN 20467 690 39 leaves leave NNS 20467 690 40 , , , 20467 690 41 in in IN 20467 690 42 the the DT 20467 690 43 third third JJ 20467 690 44 or or CC 20467 690 45 fourth fourth JJ 20467 690 46 year year NN 20467 690 47 , , , 20467 690 48 smooth smooth JJ 20467 690 49 , , , 20467 690 50 purplish purplish JJ 20467 690 51 - - HYPH 20467 690 52 brown brown JJ 20467 690 53 ; ; : 20467 690 54 season season NN 20467 690 55 's 's POS 20467 690 56 shoots shoot NNS 20467 690 57 at at IN 20467 690 58 first first JJ 20467 690 59 greenish greenish NNP 20467 690 60 . . . 20467 691 1 = = NFP 20467 691 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 691 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 691 4 and and CC 20467 691 5 Leaves.=--Leaf Leaves.=--Leaf NNP 20467 691 6 - - HYPH 20467 691 7 buds bud NNS 20467 691 8 naked naked JJ 20467 691 9 , , , 20467 691 10 minute minute NN 20467 691 11 . . . 20467 692 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 692 2 mostly mostly RB 20467 692 3 opposite opposite JJ 20467 692 4 , , , 20467 692 5 4-ranked 4-ranked CD 20467 692 6 , , , 20467 692 7 adherent adherent JJ 20467 692 8 to to IN 20467 692 9 the the DT 20467 692 10 branchlet branchlet NN 20467 692 11 and and CC 20467 692 12 completely completely RB 20467 692 13 covering cover VBG 20467 692 14 it -PRON- PRP 20467 692 15 ; ; : 20467 692 16 keeled keel VBN 20467 692 17 in in IN 20467 692 18 the the DT 20467 692 19 side side NN 20467 692 20 pairs pair NNS 20467 692 21 and and CC 20467 692 22 slightly slightly RB 20467 692 23 convex convex NNS 20467 692 24 in in IN 20467 692 25 the the DT 20467 692 26 others other NNS 20467 692 27 , , , 20467 692 28 dull dull JJ 20467 692 29 green green NN 20467 692 30 , , , 20467 692 31 pointed point VBD 20467 692 32 at at IN 20467 692 33 apex apex NNP 20467 692 34 or or CC 20467 692 35 triangular triangular NNP 20467 692 36 awl awl NN 20467 692 37 - - HYPH 20467 692 38 shaped shaped JJ 20467 692 39 , , , 20467 692 40 mostly mostly RB 20467 692 41 with with IN 20467 692 42 a a DT 20467 692 43 minute minute JJ 20467 692 44 roundish roundish JJ 20467 692 45 gland gland NN 20467 692 46 upon upon IN 20467 692 47 the the DT 20467 692 48 back back NN 20467 692 49 . . . 20467 693 1 = = NFP 20467 693 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 693 3 . . . 20467 694 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 694 2 terminal terminal JJ 20467 694 3 , , , 20467 694 4 sterile sterile JJ 20467 694 5 and and CC 20467 694 6 fertile fertile JJ 20467 694 7 , , , 20467 694 8 usually usually RB 20467 694 9 on on IN 20467 694 10 the the DT 20467 694 11 same same JJ 20467 694 12 plant plant NN 20467 694 13 , , , 20467 694 14 rarely rarely RB 20467 694 15 on on IN 20467 694 16 separate separate JJ 20467 694 17 plants plant NNS 20467 694 18 , , , 20467 694 19 fertile fertile JJ 20467 694 20 on on IN 20467 694 21 short short JJ 20467 694 22 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 694 23 : : : 20467 694 24 sterile sterile JJ 20467 694 25 , , , 20467 694 26 globular globular JJ 20467 694 27 or or CC 20467 694 28 oblong oblong JJ 20467 694 29 , , , 20467 694 30 anthers anther NNS 20467 694 31 opposite opposite JJ 20467 694 32 , , , 20467 694 33 filaments filament VBZ 20467 694 34 shield shield NN 20467 694 35 - - HYPH 20467 694 36 shaped shape VBN 20467 694 37 : : : 20467 694 38 fertile fertile JJ 20467 694 39 , , , 20467 694 40 oblong oblong JJ 20467 694 41 or or CC 20467 694 42 globular globular JJ 20467 694 43 ; ; , 20467 694 44 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 694 45 scales scale NNS 20467 694 46 opposite opposite JJ 20467 694 47 , , , 20467 694 48 slightly slightly RB 20467 694 49 spreading spread VBG 20467 694 50 at at IN 20467 694 51 top top JJ 20467 694 52 , , , 20467 694 53 dark dark JJ 20467 694 54 reddish reddish JJ 20467 694 55 - - HYPH 20467 694 56 brown brown JJ 20467 694 57 . . . 20467 695 1 = = NFP 20467 695 2 Fruit.=--Cones fruit.=--cone NNS 20467 695 3 , , , 20467 695 4 variously variously RB 20467 695 5 placed place VBN 20467 695 6 , , , 20467 695 7 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 695 8 inch inch NN 20467 695 9 in in IN 20467 695 10 diameter diameter NN 20467 695 11 , , , 20467 695 12 roundish roundish JJ 20467 695 13 , , , 20467 695 14 purplish purplish JJ 20467 695 15 - - HYPH 20467 695 16 brown brown JJ 20467 695 17 , , , 20467 695 18 opening opening NN 20467 695 19 towards towards IN 20467 695 20 the the DT 20467 695 21 center center NN 20467 695 22 , , , 20467 695 23 never never RB 20467 695 24 to to IN 20467 695 25 the the DT 20467 695 26 base base NN 20467 695 27 ; ; : 20467 695 28 scales scales NNP 20467 695 29 shield shield NN 20467 695 30 - - HYPH 20467 695 31 shaped shape VBN 20467 695 32 , , , 20467 695 33 woody woody NN 20467 695 34 ; ; , 20467 695 35 seeds seed NNS 20467 695 36 several several JJ 20467 695 37 under under IN 20467 695 38 each each DT 20467 695 39 scale scale NN 20467 695 40 , , , 20467 695 41 winged wing VBD 20467 695 42 . . . 20467 696 1 = = NFP 20467 696 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 696 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 696 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 696 5 New New NNP 20467 696 6 England England NNP 20467 696 7 , , , 20467 696 8 growing grow VBG 20467 696 9 best well RBS 20467 696 10 in in IN 20467 696 11 the the DT 20467 696 12 southern southern JJ 20467 696 13 sections section NNS 20467 696 14 . . . 20467 697 1 Young young JJ 20467 697 2 trees tree NNS 20467 697 3 are be VBP 20467 697 4 graceful graceful JJ 20467 697 5 and and CC 20467 697 6 attractive attractive JJ 20467 697 7 , , , 20467 697 8 but but CC 20467 697 9 soon soon RB 20467 697 10 become become VB 20467 697 11 thin thin JJ 20467 697 12 and and CC 20467 697 13 lose lose VBP 20467 697 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 697 15 lower low JJR 20467 697 16 branches branch NNS 20467 697 17 ; ; , 20467 697 18 valued value VBN 20467 697 19 chiefly chiefly RB 20467 697 20 in in IN 20467 697 21 landscape landscape NN 20467 697 22 planting planting NN 20467 697 23 for for IN 20467 697 24 covering cover VBG 20467 697 25 low low JJ 20467 697 26 and and CC 20467 697 27 boggy boggy NNP 20467 697 28 places place NNS 20467 697 29 where where WRB 20467 697 30 other other JJ 20467 697 31 trees tree NNS 20467 697 32 do do VBP 20467 697 33 not not RB 20467 697 34 succeed succeed VB 20467 697 35 as as RB 20467 697 36 well well RB 20467 697 37 . . . 20467 698 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 698 2 for for IN 20467 698 3 sale sale NN 20467 698 4 in in IN 20467 698 5 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 698 6 , , , 20467 698 7 but but CC 20467 698 8 easily easily RB 20467 698 9 procured procure VBN 20467 698 10 from from IN 20467 698 11 collectors collector NNS 20467 698 12 . . . 20467 699 1 Several several JJ 20467 699 2 unimportant unimportant JJ 20467 699 3 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 699 4 forms form NNS 20467 699 5 are be VBP 20467 699 6 grown grow VBN 20467 699 7 . . . 20467 700 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 700 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 700 3 : : : 20467 700 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 700 5 XII.--Cupressus XII.--Cupressus NNP 20467 700 6 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 700 7 . . . 20467 700 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 701 1 1 1 LS 20467 701 2 . . . 20467 702 1 Branch branch NN 20467 702 2 with with IN 20467 702 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 702 4 . . . 20467 703 1 2 2 LS 20467 703 2 . . . 20467 704 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 704 2 flower flower NN 20467 704 3 . . . 20467 705 1 3 3 LS 20467 705 2 . . . 20467 706 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 706 2 , , , 20467 706 3 back back JJ 20467 706 4 view view NN 20467 706 5 . . . 20467 707 1 4 4 LS 20467 707 2 . . . 20467 708 1 Stamen stamen UH 20467 708 2 , , , 20467 708 3 front front JJ 20467 708 4 view view NN 20467 708 5 . . . 20467 709 1 5 5 CD 20467 709 2 . . . 20467 710 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 710 2 flower flower NN 20467 710 3 . . . 20467 711 1 6 6 CD 20467 711 2 . . . 20467 712 1 Ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 712 2 scale scale NN 20467 712 3 with with IN 20467 712 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 712 5 . . . 20467 713 1 7 7 LS 20467 713 2 . . . 20467 714 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 714 2 - - HYPH 20467 714 3 branch branch NN 20467 714 4 . . . 20467 715 1 8 8 LS 20467 715 2 . . . 20467 716 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 716 2 . . . 20467 717 1 9 9 CD 20467 717 2 . . . 20467 718 1 Branch branch NN 20467 718 2 . . . 20467 719 1 = = NFP 20467 719 2 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 719 3 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 719 4 , , , 20467 719 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 719 6 RED red JJ 20467 719 7 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 20467 719 8 . . . 20467 720 1 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 20467 720 2 . . . 20467 721 1 SAVIN savin NN 20467 721 2 . . . 20467 722 1 = = NFP 20467 722 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 722 3 and and CC 20467 722 4 Range.=--Dry range.=--dry NN 20467 722 5 , , , 20467 722 6 rocky rocky NNP 20467 722 7 hills hill NNS 20467 722 8 but but CC 20467 722 9 not not RB 20467 722 10 at at IN 20467 722 11 great great JJ 20467 722 12 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 722 13 , , , 20467 722 14 borders border NNS 20467 722 15 of of IN 20467 722 16 lakes lake NNS 20467 722 17 and and CC 20467 722 18 streams stream NNS 20467 722 19 , , , 20467 722 20 sterile sterile JJ 20467 722 21 plains plain NNS 20467 722 22 , , , 20467 722 23 peaty peaty NN 20467 722 24 swamps swamp NNS 20467 722 25 . . . 20467 723 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 723 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 723 3 and and CC 20467 723 4 New New NNP 20467 723 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 723 6 to to IN 20467 723 7 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 723 8 . . . 20467 724 1 Maine,--rare Maine,--rare NNP 20467 724 2 , , , 20467 724 3 though though IN 20467 724 4 it -PRON- PRP 20467 724 5 extends extend VBZ 20467 724 6 northward northward RB 20467 724 7 to to IN 20467 724 8 the the DT 20467 724 9 middle middle JJ 20467 724 10 Kennebec Kennebec NNP 20467 724 11 valley valley NN 20467 724 12 , , , 20467 724 13 reduced reduce VBD 20467 724 14 almost almost RB 20467 724 15 to to IN 20467 724 16 a a DT 20467 724 17 shrub shrub NN 20467 724 18 ; ; : 20467 724 19 New new JJ 20467 724 20 Hampshire,--most hampshire,--most NN 20467 724 21 frequent frequent NN 20467 724 22 in in IN 20467 724 23 the the DT 20467 724 24 southeast southeast JJ 20467 724 25 part part NN 20467 724 26 of of IN 20467 724 27 the the DT 20467 724 28 state state NN 20467 724 29 ; ; : 20467 724 30 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 724 31 in in IN 20467 724 32 the the DT 20467 724 33 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 724 34 valley valley NN 20467 724 35 as as IN 20467 724 36 far far RB 20467 724 37 north north RB 20467 724 38 as as IN 20467 724 39 Haverhill Haverhill NNP 20467 724 40 ( ( -LRB- 20467 724 41 Grafton Grafton NNP 20467 724 42 county county NN 20467 724 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 724 44 ; ; , 20467 724 45 found find VBN 20467 724 46 also also RB 20467 724 47 in in IN 20467 724 48 Hart Hart NNP 20467 724 49 's 's POS 20467 724 50 location location NN 20467 724 51 in in IN 20467 724 52 the the DT 20467 724 53 White White NNP 20467 724 54 mountain mountain NN 20467 724 55 region region NN 20467 724 56 ; ; : 20467 724 57 Vermont,--not Vermont,--not NNP 20467 724 58 abundant abundant JJ 20467 724 59 ; ; : 20467 724 60 occurs occur VBZ 20467 724 61 here here RB 20467 724 62 and and CC 20467 724 63 there there RB 20467 724 64 on on IN 20467 724 65 hills hill NNS 20467 724 66 at at IN 20467 724 67 levels level NNS 20467 724 68 less less JJR 20467 724 69 than than IN 20467 724 70 1000 1000 CD 20467 724 71 feet foot NNS 20467 724 72 ; ; , 20467 724 73 frequent frequent JJ 20467 724 74 in in IN 20467 724 75 the the DT 20467 724 76 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 724 77 and and CC 20467 724 78 lower low JJR 20467 724 79 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 724 80 valleys valley NNS 20467 724 81 ; ; : 20467 724 82 Massachusetts,--west Massachusetts,--west NNP 20467 724 83 and and CC 20467 724 84 center center NNP 20467 724 85 occasional occasional JJ 20467 724 86 , , , 20467 724 87 eastward eastward RB 20467 724 88 common common JJ 20467 724 89 ; ; : 20467 724 90 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 724 91 Island Island NNP 20467 724 92 and and CC 20467 724 93 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 724 94 . . . 20467 725 1 South south RB 20467 725 2 to to IN 20467 725 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 725 4 ; ; : 20467 725 5 west west NN 20467 725 6 to to IN 20467 725 7 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 725 8 , , , 20467 725 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 725 10 , , , 20467 725 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 725 12 , , , 20467 725 13 and and CC 20467 725 14 Indian Indian NNP 20467 725 15 Territory Territory NNP 20467 725 16 . . . 20467 726 1 = = NFP 20467 726 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 726 3 medium medium JJ 20467 726 4 - - HYPH 20467 726 5 sized sized JJ 20467 726 6 tree tree NN 20467 726 7 , , , 20467 726 8 25 25 CD 20467 726 9 - - SYM 20467 726 10 40 40 CD 20467 726 11 feet foot NNS 20467 726 12 high high JJ 20467 726 13 , , , 20467 726 14 with with IN 20467 726 15 a a DT 20467 726 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 726 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 726 18 of of IN 20467 726 19 8 8 CD 20467 726 20 - - SYM 20467 726 21 20 20 CD 20467 726 22 inches inch NNS 20467 726 23 , , , 20467 726 24 attaining attain VBG 20467 726 25 much much RB 20467 726 26 greater great JJR 20467 726 27 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 726 28 southward southward RB 20467 726 29 ; ; : 20467 726 30 extremely extremely RB 20467 726 31 variable variable JJ 20467 726 32 in in IN 20467 726 33 outline outline NN 20467 726 34 ; ; : 20467 726 35 the the DT 20467 726 36 lower low JJR 20467 726 37 branches branch NNS 20467 726 38 usually usually RB 20467 726 39 nearly nearly RB 20467 726 40 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 726 41 , , , 20467 726 42 the the DT 20467 726 43 upper upper JJ 20467 726 44 ascending ascending NN 20467 726 45 ; ; : 20467 726 46 head head NN 20467 726 47 when when WRB 20467 726 48 young young JJ 20467 726 49 very very RB 20467 726 50 regular regular JJ 20467 726 51 , , , 20467 726 52 narrow narrow JJ 20467 726 53 - - HYPH 20467 726 54 based base VBN 20467 726 55 , , , 20467 726 56 close close JJ 20467 726 57 and and CC 20467 726 58 conical conical JJ 20467 726 59 ; ; : 20467 726 60 in in IN 20467 726 61 old old JJ 20467 726 62 trees tree NNS 20467 726 63 frequently frequently RB 20467 726 64 rather rather RB 20467 726 65 open open JJ 20467 726 66 , , , 20467 726 67 wide wide RB 20467 726 68 - - HYPH 20467 726 69 spreading spread VBG 20467 726 70 , , , 20467 726 71 ragged ragged JJ 20467 726 72 , , , 20467 726 73 roundish roundish JJ 20467 726 74 or or CC 20467 726 75 flattened flattened JJ 20467 726 76 . . . 20467 727 1 In in IN 20467 727 2 very very RB 20467 727 3 exposed expose VBN 20467 727 4 situations situation NNS 20467 727 5 , , , 20467 727 6 especially especially RB 20467 727 7 along along IN 20467 727 8 the the DT 20467 727 9 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 727 10 , , , 20467 727 11 the the DT 20467 727 12 trunk trunk NN 20467 727 13 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 727 14 rises rise VBZ 20467 727 15 a a DT 20467 727 16 foot foot NN 20467 727 17 or or CC 20467 727 18 two two CD 20467 727 19 and and CC 20467 727 20 then then RB 20467 727 21 develops develop VBZ 20467 727 22 horizontally horizontally RB 20467 727 23 , , , 20467 727 24 forming form VBG 20467 727 25 a a DT 20467 727 26 curiously curiously RB 20467 727 27 contorted contort VBN 20467 727 28 lateral lateral JJ 20467 727 29 head head NN 20467 727 30 . . . 20467 728 1 Under under IN 20467 728 2 such such JJ 20467 728 3 conditions condition NNS 20467 728 4 it -PRON- PRP 20467 728 5 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 728 6 becomes become VBZ 20467 728 7 a a DT 20467 728 8 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 728 9 tree tree NN 20467 728 10 2 2 CD 20467 728 11 - - SYM 20467 728 12 3 3 CD 20467 728 13 feet foot NNS 20467 728 14 high high JJ 20467 728 15 , , , 20467 728 16 with with IN 20467 728 17 wide wide RB 20467 728 18 - - HYPH 20467 728 19 spreading spread VBG 20467 728 20 branches branch NNS 20467 728 21 and and CC 20467 728 22 a a DT 20467 728 23 very very RB 20467 728 24 dense dense JJ 20467 728 25 dome dome NN 20467 728 26 ; ; : 20467 728 27 spray spray VB 20467 728 28 close close RB 20467 728 29 , , , 20467 728 30 foliage foliage VB 20467 728 31 a a DT 20467 728 32 sombre sombre NN 20467 728 33 green green NN 20467 728 34 , , , 20467 728 35 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 728 36 tinged tinge VBN 20467 728 37 with with IN 20467 728 38 a a DT 20467 728 39 rusty rusty JJ 20467 728 40 brownish brownish NN 20467 728 41 - - HYPH 20467 728 42 red red JJ 20467 728 43 ; ; : 20467 728 44 wood wood NN 20467 728 45 pale pale NN 20467 728 46 red red JJ 20467 728 47 , , , 20467 728 48 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 728 49 . . . 20467 729 1 = = NFP 20467 729 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 729 3 of of IN 20467 729 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 729 5 light light JJ 20467 729 6 reddish reddish NNP 20467 729 7 - - HYPH 20467 729 8 brown brown JJ 20467 729 9 , , , 20467 729 10 fibrous fibrous JJ 20467 729 11 , , , 20467 729 12 shredding shred VBG 20467 729 13 off off RP 20467 729 14 , , , 20467 729 15 now now RB 20467 729 16 and and CC 20467 729 17 then then RB 20467 729 18 , , , 20467 729 19 in in IN 20467 729 20 long long JJ 20467 729 21 strips strip NNS 20467 729 22 , , , 20467 729 23 exposing expose VBG 20467 729 24 the the DT 20467 729 25 smooth smooth JJ 20467 729 26 brown brown JJ 20467 729 27 inner inner JJ 20467 729 28 bark bark NN 20467 729 29 ; ; : 20467 729 30 season season NN 20467 729 31 's 's POS 20467 729 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 729 33 green green JJ 20467 729 34 . . . 20467 730 1 = = NFP 20467 730 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 730 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 730 4 and and CC 20467 730 5 Leaves.=--Leaf Leaves.=--Leaf NNP 20467 730 6 - - HYPH 20467 730 7 buds bud NNS 20467 730 8 naked naked JJ 20467 730 9 , , , 20467 730 10 minute minute NN 20467 730 11 . . . 20467 731 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 731 2 dull dull VBP 20467 731 3 green green JJ 20467 731 4 or or CC 20467 731 5 brownish brownish NN 20467 731 6 - - HYPH 20467 731 7 red red NN 20467 731 8 , , , 20467 731 9 of of IN 20467 731 10 two two CD 20467 731 11 kinds kind NNS 20467 731 12 : : : 20467 731 13 1 1 LS 20467 731 14 . . . 20467 732 1 Scale scale NN 20467 732 2 - - HYPH 20467 732 3 like like UH 20467 732 4 , , , 20467 732 5 mostly mostly RB 20467 732 6 opposite opposite JJ 20467 732 7 , , , 20467 732 8 each each DT 20467 732 9 pair pair NN 20467 732 10 overlapping overlap VBG 20467 732 11 the the DT 20467 732 12 pair pair NN 20467 732 13 above above IN 20467 732 14 , , , 20467 732 15 4-ranked 4-ranked CD 20467 732 16 , , , 20467 732 17 ovate ovate NN 20467 732 18 , , , 20467 732 19 acute acute JJ 20467 732 20 , , , 20467 732 21 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 732 22 bristle bristle NN 20467 732 23 - - HYPH 20467 732 24 tipped tip VBN 20467 732 25 , , , 20467 732 26 more more RBR 20467 732 27 or or CC 20467 732 28 less less RBR 20467 732 29 convex convex NNS 20467 732 30 , , , 20467 732 31 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 732 32 glandular glandular JJ 20467 732 33 . . . 20467 733 1 2 2 LS 20467 733 2 . . . 20467 734 1 Scattered scatter VBN 20467 734 2 , , , 20467 734 3 not not RB 20467 734 4 overlapping overlap VBG 20467 734 5 , , , 20467 734 6 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 734 7 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 734 8 or or CC 20467 734 9 needle needle NN 20467 734 10 - - HYPH 20467 734 11 shaped shape VBN 20467 734 12 , , , 20467 734 13 sharp sharp RB 20467 734 14 - - HYPH 20467 734 15 pointed pointed JJ 20467 734 16 , , , 20467 734 17 spreading spread VBG 20467 734 18 . . . 20467 735 1 The the DT 20467 735 2 second second JJ 20467 735 3 form form NN 20467 735 4 is be VBZ 20467 735 5 more more RBR 20467 735 6 common common JJ 20467 735 7 in in IN 20467 735 8 young young JJ 20467 735 9 trees tree NNS 20467 735 10 , , , 20467 735 11 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 735 12 comprising comprise VBG 20467 735 13 all all PDT 20467 735 14 the the DT 20467 735 15 foliage foliage NN 20467 735 16 , , , 20467 735 17 but but CC 20467 735 18 is be VBZ 20467 735 19 often often RB 20467 735 20 found find VBN 20467 735 21 on on IN 20467 735 22 trees tree NNS 20467 735 23 of of IN 20467 735 24 all all DT 20467 735 25 ages age NNS 20467 735 26 , , , 20467 735 27 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 735 28 aggregated aggregate VBN 20467 735 29 in in IN 20467 735 30 dense dense JJ 20467 735 31 masses masse NNS 20467 735 32 . . . 20467 736 1 = = NFP 20467 736 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early RB 20467 736 3 May. May NNP 20467 737 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 737 2 terminating terminate VBG 20467 737 3 short short JJ 20467 737 4 branches branch NNS 20467 737 5 , , , 20467 737 6 sterile sterile JJ 20467 737 7 and and CC 20467 737 8 fertile fertile JJ 20467 737 9 , , , 20467 737 10 more more RBR 20467 737 11 commonly commonly RB 20467 737 12 on on IN 20467 737 13 separate separate JJ 20467 737 14 trees tree NNS 20467 737 15 , , , 20467 737 16 often often RB 20467 737 17 on on IN 20467 737 18 the the DT 20467 737 19 same same JJ 20467 737 20 tree tree NN 20467 737 21 ; ; : 20467 737 22 anthers anther NNS 20467 737 23 in in IN 20467 737 24 opposite opposite JJ 20467 737 25 pairs pair NNS 20467 737 26 ; ; : 20467 737 27 ovuliferous ovuliferous JJ 20467 737 28 scales scale NNS 20467 737 29 in in IN 20467 737 30 opposite opposite JJ 20467 737 31 pairs pair NNS 20467 737 32 , , , 20467 737 33 slightly slightly RB 20467 737 34 spreading spread VBG 20467 737 35 , , , 20467 737 36 acute acute JJ 20467 737 37 or or CC 20467 737 38 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 737 39 ; ; : 20467 737 40 ovules ovules NNP 20467 737 41 1 1 CD 20467 737 42 - - SYM 20467 737 43 4 4 CD 20467 737 44 . . . 20467 738 1 = = NFP 20467 738 2 Fruit.=--Berry fruit.=--berry UH 20467 738 3 - - : 20467 738 4 like like JJ 20467 738 5 from from IN 20467 738 6 the the DT 20467 738 7 coalescence coalescence NN 20467 738 8 of of IN 20467 738 9 the the DT 20467 738 10 fleshy fleshy NNP 20467 738 11 cone cone NN 20467 738 12 - - HYPH 20467 738 13 scales scale NNS 20467 738 14 , , , 20467 738 15 the the DT 20467 738 16 extremities extremity NNS 20467 738 17 of of IN 20467 738 18 which which WDT 20467 738 19 are be VBP 20467 738 20 often often RB 20467 738 21 visible visible JJ 20467 738 22 , , , 20467 738 23 roundish roundish JJ 20467 738 24 , , , 20467 738 25 the the DT 20467 738 26 size size NN 20467 738 27 of of IN 20467 738 28 a a DT 20467 738 29 small small JJ 20467 738 30 pea pea NN 20467 738 31 , , , 20467 738 32 dark dark JJ 20467 738 33 blue blue NN 20467 738 34 beneath beneath IN 20467 738 35 a a DT 20467 738 36 whitish whitish JJ 20467 738 37 bloom bloom NN 20467 738 38 , , , 20467 738 39 1 1 CD 20467 738 40 - - SYM 20467 738 41 4-seeded 4-seeded CD 20467 738 42 . . . 20467 739 1 = = NFP 20467 739 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 739 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 739 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 739 5 New New NNP 20467 739 6 England England NNP 20467 739 7 ; ; : 20467 739 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 739 9 sunny sunny JJ 20467 739 10 slopes slope NNS 20467 739 11 and and CC 20467 739 12 a a DT 20467 739 13 loamy loamy JJ 20467 739 14 soil soil NN 20467 739 15 , , , 20467 739 16 but but CC 20467 739 17 grows grow VBZ 20467 739 18 well well RB 20467 739 19 in in IN 20467 739 20 poor poor JJ 20467 739 21 , , , 20467 739 22 thin thin JJ 20467 739 23 soils soil NNS 20467 739 24 and and CC 20467 739 25 upon upon IN 20467 739 26 wind wind NN 20467 739 27 - - HYPH 20467 739 28 swept sweep VBN 20467 739 29 sites site NNS 20467 739 30 ; ; , 20467 739 31 young young JJ 20467 739 32 plants plant NNS 20467 739 33 increase increase VBP 20467 739 34 in in IN 20467 739 35 height height NN 20467 739 36 1 1 CD 20467 739 37 - - SYM 20467 739 38 2 2 CD 20467 739 39 feet foot NNS 20467 739 40 yearly yearly RB 20467 739 41 and and CC 20467 739 42 have have VB 20467 739 43 a a DT 20467 739 44 very very RB 20467 739 45 formal formal JJ 20467 739 46 , , , 20467 739 47 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 739 48 outline outline NN 20467 739 49 ; ; , 20467 739 50 old old JJ 20467 739 51 trees tree NNS 20467 739 52 often often RB 20467 739 53 become become VBP 20467 739 54 irregular irregular JJ 20467 739 55 and and CC 20467 739 56 picturesque picturesque NN 20467 739 57 , , , 20467 739 58 and and CC 20467 739 59 grow grow VB 20467 739 60 very very RB 20467 739 61 slowly slowly RB 20467 739 62 ; ; : 20467 739 63 a a DT 20467 739 64 long long RB 20467 739 65 - - HYPH 20467 739 66 lived live VBN 20467 739 67 tree tree NN 20467 739 68 ; ; : 20467 739 69 usually usually RB 20467 739 70 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 739 71 in in IN 20467 739 72 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 739 73 and and CC 20467 739 74 from from IN 20467 739 75 collectors collector NNS 20467 739 76 , , , 20467 739 77 but but CC 20467 739 78 must must MD 20467 739 79 frequently frequently RB 20467 739 80 be be VB 20467 739 81 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 739 82 to to TO 20467 739 83 be be VB 20467 739 84 moved move VBN 20467 739 85 with with IN 20467 739 86 safety safety NN 20467 739 87 . . . 20467 740 1 If if IN 20467 740 2 a a DT 20467 740 3 ball ball NN 20467 740 4 of of IN 20467 740 5 earth earth NN 20467 740 6 can can MD 20467 740 7 be be VB 20467 740 8 retained retain VBN 20467 740 9 about about IN 20467 740 10 the the DT 20467 740 11 roots root NNS 20467 740 12 of of IN 20467 740 13 wild wild JJ 20467 740 14 plants plant NNS 20467 740 15 , , , 20467 740 16 they -PRON- PRP 20467 740 17 can can MD 20467 740 18 often often RB 20467 740 19 be be VB 20467 740 20 moved move VBN 20467 740 21 successfully successfully RB 20467 740 22 . . . 20467 741 1 There there EX 20467 741 2 are be VBP 20467 741 3 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 741 4 forms form NNS 20467 741 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 741 6 by by IN 20467 741 7 a a DT 20467 741 8 slender slender NN 20467 741 9 weeping weeping NN 20467 741 10 or or CC 20467 741 11 distorted distorted JJ 20467 741 12 habit habit NN 20467 741 13 , , , 20467 741 14 and and CC 20467 741 15 by by IN 20467 741 16 variegated variegate VBN 20467 741 17 bluish bluish JJ 20467 741 18 or or CC 20467 741 19 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 741 20 foliage foliage NN 20467 741 21 , , , 20467 741 22 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 741 23 found find VBN 20467 741 24 in in IN 20467 741 25 American american JJ 20467 741 26 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 741 27 . . . 20467 742 1 The the DT 20467 742 2 type type NN 20467 742 3 is be VBZ 20467 742 4 usually usually RB 20467 742 5 propagated propagate VBN 20467 742 6 from from IN 20467 742 7 the the DT 20467 742 8 seed seed NN 20467 742 9 , , , 20467 742 10 the the DT 20467 742 11 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 742 12 forms form NNS 20467 742 13 from from IN 20467 742 14 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 742 15 or or CC 20467 742 16 by by IN 20467 742 17 grafting graft VBG 20467 742 18 . . . 20467 743 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 743 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 743 3 : : : 20467 743 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 743 5 XIII.--Juniperus XIII.--Juniperus NNP 20467 743 6 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 743 7 . . . 20467 743 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 744 1 1 1 LS 20467 744 2 . . . 20467 745 1 Branch branch NN 20467 745 2 with with IN 20467 745 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 745 4 and and CC 20467 745 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 745 6 flowers flower NNS 20467 745 7 . . . 20467 746 1 2 2 LS 20467 746 2 . . . 20467 747 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 747 2 flower flower NN 20467 747 3 . . . 20467 748 1 3 3 LS 20467 748 2 . . . 20467 749 1 Stamen staman NNS 20467 749 2 with with IN 20467 749 3 pollen pollen NN 20467 749 4 - - HYPH 20467 749 5 sacs sacs NN 20467 749 6 . . . 20467 750 1 4 4 LS 20467 750 2 . . . 20467 751 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 751 2 flower flower NN 20467 751 3 . . . 20467 752 1 5 5 CD 20467 752 2 . . . 20467 753 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 753 2 branch branch NN 20467 753 3 . . . 20467 754 1 6 6 CD 20467 754 2 . . . 20467 755 1 Branch branch NN 20467 755 2 . . . 20467 756 1 7 7 LS 20467 756 2 . . . 20467 757 1 Branch branch NN 20467 757 2 with with IN 20467 757 3 needle needle NN 20467 757 4 - - HYPH 20467 757 5 shaped shape VBN 20467 757 6 leaves leave NNS 20467 757 7 . . . 20467 758 1 SALICACEÆ SALICACEÆ NNS 20467 758 2 . . . 20467 759 1 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 759 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 759 3 . . . 20467 760 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 760 2 or or CC 20467 760 3 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 760 4 ; ; : 20467 760 5 leaves leave VBZ 20467 760 6 simple simple JJ 20467 760 7 , , , 20467 760 8 alternate alternate JJ 20467 760 9 , , , 20467 760 10 undivided undivided JJ 20467 760 11 , , , 20467 760 12 with with IN 20467 760 13 stipules stipule NNS 20467 760 14 either either CC 20467 760 15 minute minute NN 20467 760 16 and and CC 20467 760 17 soon soon RB 20467 760 18 falling fall VBG 20467 760 19 or or CC 20467 760 20 leafy leafy JJ 20467 760 21 and and CC 20467 760 22 persistent persistent JJ 20467 760 23 ; ; : 20467 760 24 inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 760 25 from from IN 20467 760 26 axillary axillary JJ 20467 760 27 buds bud NNS 20467 760 28 of of IN 20467 760 29 the the DT 20467 760 30 preceding precede VBG 20467 760 31 season season NN 20467 760 32 , , , 20467 760 33 appearing appear VBG 20467 760 34 with with IN 20467 760 35 or or CC 20467 760 36 before before IN 20467 760 37 the the DT 20467 760 38 leaves leave NNS 20467 760 39 , , , 20467 760 40 in in IN 20467 760 41 nearly nearly RB 20467 760 42 erect erect NN 20467 760 43 , , , 20467 760 44 spreading spread VBG 20467 760 45 or or CC 20467 760 46 drooping droop VBG 20467 760 47 catkins catkin NNS 20467 760 48 , , , 20467 760 49 sterile sterile JJ 20467 760 50 and and CC 20467 760 51 fertile fertile JJ 20467 760 52 on on IN 20467 760 53 separate separate JJ 20467 760 54 trees tree NNS 20467 760 55 ; ; : 20467 760 56 flowers flower NNS 20467 760 57 one one CD 20467 760 58 to to IN 20467 760 59 each each DT 20467 760 60 bract bract JJ 20467 760 61 , , , 20467 760 62 without without IN 20467 760 63 calyx calyx NN 20467 760 64 or or CC 20467 760 65 corolla corolla NN 20467 760 66 ; ; : 20467 760 67 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 760 68 one one CD 20467 760 69 to to IN 20467 760 70 many many JJ 20467 760 71 ; ; : 20467 760 72 style style NN 20467 760 73 short short JJ 20467 760 74 or or CC 20467 760 75 none none NN 20467 760 76 ; ; , 20467 760 77 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 760 78 2 2 CD 20467 760 79 , , , 20467 760 80 entire entire JJ 20467 760 81 or or CC 20467 760 82 2 2 CD 20467 760 83 - - SYM 20467 760 84 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 760 85 ; ; : 20467 760 86 fruit fruit NN 20467 760 87 a a DT 20467 760 88 2 2 CD 20467 760 89 - - SYM 20467 760 90 4-celled 4-celled CD 20467 760 91 capsule capsule NN 20467 760 92 . . . 20467 761 1 POPULUS POPULUS NNP 20467 761 2 . . . 20467 762 1 Inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 762 2 usually usually RB 20467 762 3 appearing appear VBG 20467 762 4 before before IN 20467 762 5 the the DT 20467 762 6 leaves leave NNS 20467 762 7 ; ; : 20467 762 8 flowers flower NNS 20467 762 9 with with IN 20467 762 10 lacerate lacerate JJ 20467 762 11 bracts bract NNS 20467 762 12 , , , 20467 762 13 disk disk NN 20467 762 14 cup cup NN 20467 762 15 - - HYPH 20467 762 16 shaped shaped JJ 20467 762 17 and and CC 20467 762 18 oblique oblique RB 20467 762 19 - - HYPH 20467 762 20 edged edge VBN 20467 762 21 , , , 20467 762 22 at at IN 20467 762 23 least least JJS 20467 762 24 in in IN 20467 762 25 sterile sterile JJ 20467 762 26 flowers flower NNS 20467 762 27 ; ; , 20467 762 28 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 762 29 usually usually RB 20467 762 30 many many JJ 20467 762 31 , , , 20467 762 32 filaments filament NNS 20467 762 33 distinct distinct JJ 20467 762 34 ; ; : 20467 762 35 stigmas stigmas ADD 20467 762 36 mostly mostly RB 20467 762 37 divided divide VBN 20467 762 38 , , , 20467 762 39 elongated elongated JJ 20467 762 40 or or CC 20467 762 41 spreading spread VBG 20467 762 42 . . . 20467 763 1 SALIX SALIX NNP 20467 763 2 . . . 20467 764 1 Inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 764 2 appearing appear VBG 20467 764 3 with with IN 20467 764 4 or or CC 20467 764 5 before before IN 20467 764 6 the the DT 20467 764 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 764 8 ; ; : 20467 764 9 flowers flower NNS 20467 764 10 with with IN 20467 764 11 entire entire JJ 20467 764 12 bracts bract NNS 20467 764 13 and and CC 20467 764 14 one one CD 20467 764 15 or or CC 20467 764 16 two two CD 20467 764 17 small small JJ 20467 764 18 glands gland NNS 20467 764 19 ; ; : 20467 764 20 disks disk NNS 20467 764 21 wanting want VBG 20467 764 22 ; ; : 20467 764 23 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 764 24 few few JJ 20467 764 25 . . . 20467 765 1 = = NFP 20467 765 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 765 3 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 765 4 , , , 20467 765 5 Michx.= michx.= NN 20467 765 6 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 765 7 . . . 20467 766 1 ASPEN ASPEN NNP 20467 766 2 . . . 20467 767 1 = = NFP 20467 767 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 767 3 and and CC 20467 767 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 767 5 all all DT 20467 767 6 soils soil NNS 20467 767 7 and and CC 20467 767 8 situations situation NNS 20467 767 9 except except IN 20467 767 10 in in IN 20467 767 11 deep deep JJ 20467 767 12 swamps swamp NNS 20467 767 13 , , , 20467 767 14 though though IN 20467 767 15 more more RBR 20467 767 16 usual usual JJ 20467 767 17 in in IN 20467 767 18 dry dry JJ 20467 767 19 uplands upland NNS 20467 767 20 ; ; : 20467 767 21 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 767 22 springing spring VBG 20467 767 23 up up RP 20467 767 24 in in IN 20467 767 25 great great JJ 20467 767 26 abundance abundance NN 20467 767 27 in in IN 20467 767 28 clearings clearing NNS 20467 767 29 or or CC 20467 767 30 upon upon IN 20467 767 31 burnt burn VBN 20467 767 32 lands land NNS 20467 767 33 . . . 20467 768 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 768 2 , , , 20467 768 3 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 768 4 , , , 20467 768 5 and and CC 20467 768 6 Nova Nova NNP 20467 768 7 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 768 8 to to IN 20467 768 9 the the DT 20467 768 10 Hudson Hudson NNP 20467 768 11 bay bay NN 20467 768 12 region region NN 20467 768 13 and and CC 20467 768 14 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 768 15 . . . 20467 769 1 New New NNP 20467 769 2 England,--common England,--common NNP 20467 769 3 , , , 20467 769 4 reaching reach VBG 20467 769 5 in in IN 20467 769 6 the the DT 20467 769 7 White White NNP 20467 769 8 mountain mountain NN 20467 769 9 region region NN 20467 769 10 an an DT 20467 769 11 altitude altitude NN 20467 769 12 of of IN 20467 769 13 3000 3000 CD 20467 769 14 feet foot NNS 20467 769 15 . . . 20467 770 1 South south RB 20467 770 2 to to IN 20467 770 3 New New NNP 20467 770 4 Jersey Jersey NNP 20467 770 5 , , , 20467 770 6 along along IN 20467 770 7 the the DT 20467 770 8 mountains mountain NNS 20467 770 9 in in IN 20467 770 10 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 770 11 and and CC 20467 770 12 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 770 13 , , , 20467 770 14 ascending ascend VBG 20467 770 15 3000 3000 CD 20467 770 16 feet foot NNS 20467 770 17 in in IN 20467 770 18 the the DT 20467 770 19 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 20467 770 20 ; ; : 20467 770 21 west west RB 20467 770 22 to to IN 20467 770 23 the the DT 20467 770 24 slopes slope NNS 20467 770 25 of of IN 20467 770 26 the the DT 20467 770 27 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 770 28 mountains mountain NNS 20467 770 29 , , , 20467 770 30 along along IN 20467 770 31 which which WDT 20467 770 32 it -PRON- PRP 20467 770 33 extends extend VBZ 20467 770 34 to to IN 20467 770 35 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 770 36 and and CC 20467 770 37 Lower Lower NNP 20467 770 38 California California NNP 20467 770 39 . . . 20467 771 1 = = NFP 20467 771 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 771 3 graceful graceful JJ 20467 771 4 tree tree NN 20467 771 5 , , , 20467 771 6 ordinarily ordinarily RB 20467 771 7 35 35 CD 20467 771 8 - - SYM 20467 771 9 40 40 CD 20467 771 10 feet foot NNS 20467 771 11 and and CC 20467 771 12 not not RB 20467 771 13 uncommonly uncommonly RB 20467 771 14 50 50 CD 20467 771 15 - - SYM 20467 771 16 60 60 CD 20467 771 17 feet foot NNS 20467 771 18 high high JJ 20467 771 19 ; ; : 20467 771 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 771 21 8 8 CD 20467 771 22 - - SYM 20467 771 23 15 15 CD 20467 771 24 inches inch NNS 20467 771 25 in in IN 20467 771 26 diameter diameter NN 20467 771 27 , , , 20467 771 28 tapering tapering NN 20467 771 29 , , , 20467 771 30 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 771 31 by by IN 20467 771 32 a a DT 20467 771 33 very very RB 20467 771 34 open open JJ 20467 771 35 , , , 20467 771 36 irregular irregular JJ 20467 771 37 head head NN 20467 771 38 of of IN 20467 771 39 small small JJ 20467 771 40 , , , 20467 771 41 spreading spread VBG 20467 771 42 branches branch NNS 20467 771 43 ; ; : 20467 771 44 spray spray VB 20467 771 45 sparse sparse RB 20467 771 46 , , , 20467 771 47 consisting consist VBG 20467 771 48 of of IN 20467 771 49 short short JJ 20467 771 50 , , , 20467 771 51 stout stout RB 20467 771 52 , , , 20467 771 53 leafy leafy NNP 20467 771 54 rounded round VBD 20467 771 55 shoots shoot NNS 20467 771 56 set set VBN 20467 771 57 at at IN 20467 771 58 a a DT 20467 771 59 wide wide JJ 20467 771 60 angle angle NN 20467 771 61 ; ; , 20467 771 62 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 771 63 by by IN 20467 771 64 the the DT 20467 771 65 slenderness slenderness NN 20467 771 66 of of IN 20467 771 67 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 771 68 habit habit NN 20467 771 69 , , , 20467 771 70 the the DT 20467 771 71 light light JJ 20467 771 72 color color NN 20467 771 73 of of IN 20467 771 74 trunk trunk NN 20467 771 75 and and CC 20467 771 76 branches branch NNS 20467 771 77 , , , 20467 771 78 the the DT 20467 771 79 deep deep JJ 20467 771 80 red red NN 20467 771 81 of of IN 20467 771 82 the the DT 20467 771 83 sterile sterile JJ 20467 771 84 catkins catkin NNS 20467 771 85 in in IN 20467 771 86 early early JJ 20467 771 87 spring spring NN 20467 771 88 , , , 20467 771 89 and and CC 20467 771 90 the the DT 20467 771 91 almost almost RB 20467 771 92 ceaseless ceaseless JJ 20467 771 93 flutter flutter NN 20467 771 94 of of IN 20467 771 95 the the DT 20467 771 96 delicate delicate JJ 20467 771 97 foliage foliage NN 20467 771 98 . . . 20467 772 1 = = NFP 20467 772 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 772 3 pale pale JJ 20467 772 4 green green JJ 20467 772 5 , , , 20467 772 6 smooth smooth JJ 20467 772 7 , , , 20467 772 8 dark dark JJ 20467 772 9 - - HYPH 20467 772 10 blotched blotched JJ 20467 772 11 below below IN 20467 772 12 the the DT 20467 772 13 branches branch NNS 20467 772 14 , , , 20467 772 15 becoming become VBG 20467 772 16 ash ash NN 20467 772 17 - - HYPH 20467 772 18 gray gray JJ 20467 772 19 and and CC 20467 772 20 roughish roughish JJ 20467 772 21 in in IN 20467 772 22 old old JJ 20467 772 23 trees tree NNS 20467 772 24 ; ; : 20467 772 25 season season NN 20467 772 26 's 's POS 20467 772 27 shoots shoot NNS 20467 772 28 dark dark JJ 20467 772 29 reddish reddish JJ 20467 772 30 - - HYPH 20467 772 31 brown brown JJ 20467 772 32 or or CC 20467 772 33 green green JJ 20467 772 34 , , , 20467 772 35 shining shine VBG 20467 772 36 ; ; : 20467 772 37 bitter bitter JJ 20467 772 38 . . . 20467 773 1 = = NFP 20467 773 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 773 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 773 4 and and CC 20467 773 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 773 6 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 773 7 - - HYPH 20467 773 8 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 773 9 inch inch NN 20467 773 10 long long JJ 20467 773 11 , , , 20467 773 12 reddish reddish JJ 20467 773 13 - - HYPH 20467 773 14 brown brown JJ 20467 773 15 and and CC 20467 773 16 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 773 17 , , , 20467 773 18 usually usually RB 20467 773 19 smooth smooth JJ 20467 773 20 , , , 20467 773 21 ovate ovate JJ 20467 773 22 , , , 20467 773 23 acute acute JJ 20467 773 24 , , , 20467 773 25 often often RB 20467 773 26 slightly slightly RB 20467 773 27 incurved incurve VBN 20467 773 28 at at IN 20467 773 29 apex apex NNP 20467 773 30 , , , 20467 773 31 the the DT 20467 773 32 upper upper JJ 20467 773 33 often often RB 20467 773 34 appressed appresse VBD 20467 773 35 . . . 20467 774 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 774 2 1 1 CD 20467 774 3 - - HYPH 20467 774 4 2 2 CD 20467 774 5 - - HYPH 20467 774 6 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 774 7 inches inch NNS 20467 774 8 long long JJ 20467 774 9 , , , 20467 774 10 breadth breadth NN 20467 774 11 usually usually RB 20467 774 12 equal equal JJ 20467 774 13 to to IN 20467 774 14 or or CC 20467 774 15 exceeding exceed VBG 20467 774 16 the the DT 20467 774 17 length length NN 20467 774 18 , , , 20467 774 19 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 774 20 - - HYPH 20467 774 21 green green JJ 20467 774 22 and and CC 20467 774 23 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 774 24 when when WRB 20467 774 25 young young JJ 20467 774 26 , , , 20467 774 27 dark dark JJ 20467 774 28 dull dull JJ 20467 774 29 green green NN 20467 774 30 above above RB 20467 774 31 when when WRB 20467 774 32 mature mature JJ 20467 774 33 , , , 20467 774 34 lighter light JJR 20467 774 35 beneath beneath RB 20467 774 36 , , , 20467 774 37 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 774 38 on on IN 20467 774 39 both both DT 20467 774 40 sides side NNS 20467 774 41 , , , 20467 774 42 bright bright JJ 20467 774 43 yellow yellow NN 20467 774 44 in in IN 20467 774 45 autumn autumn NN 20467 774 46 ; ; : 20467 774 47 outline outline VB 20467 774 48 broadly broadly RB 20467 774 49 ovate ovate JJ 20467 774 50 to to IN 20467 774 51 orbicular orbicular JJ 20467 774 52 , , , 20467 774 53 finely finely RB 20467 774 54 serrate serrate NNP 20467 774 55 or or CC 20467 774 56 wavy wavy NNP 20467 774 57 - - HYPH 20467 774 58 edged edge VBN 20467 774 59 , , , 20467 774 60 with with IN 20467 774 61 incurved incurved JJ 20467 774 62 , , , 20467 774 63 glandular glandular NN 20467 774 64 - - HYPH 20467 774 65 tipped tip VBN 20467 774 66 teeth tooth NNS 20467 774 67 , , , 20467 774 68 apex apex NNP 20467 774 69 rather rather RB 20467 774 70 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 774 71 acute acute JJ 20467 774 72 or or CC 20467 774 73 short short JJ 20467 774 74 - - HYPH 20467 774 75 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 774 76 ; ; : 20467 774 77 base base NN 20467 774 78 acute acute NN 20467 774 79 , , , 20467 774 80 truncate truncate JJ 20467 774 81 or or CC 20467 774 82 slightly slightly RB 20467 774 83 heart heart NN 20467 774 84 - - HYPH 20467 774 85 shaped shape VBN 20467 774 86 , , , 20467 774 87 3-nerved 3-nerved CD 20467 774 88 ; ; : 20467 774 89 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 774 90 slender slender NN 20467 774 91 , , , 20467 774 92 strongly strongly RB 20467 774 93 flattened flatten VBD 20467 774 94 at at IN 20467 774 95 right right JJ 20467 774 96 angles angle NNS 20467 774 97 to to IN 20467 774 98 the the DT 20467 774 99 plane plane NN 20467 774 100 of of IN 20467 774 101 the the DT 20467 774 102 blade blade NN 20467 774 103 , , , 20467 774 104 bending bend VBG 20467 774 105 to to IN 20467 774 106 the the DT 20467 774 107 slightest slight JJS 20467 774 108 breath breath NN 20467 774 109 of of IN 20467 774 110 air air NN 20467 774 111 ; ; : 20467 774 112 stipules stipule NNS 20467 774 113 lanceolate lanceolate NNP 20467 774 114 , , , 20467 774 115 silky silky JJ 20467 774 116 , , , 20467 774 117 soon soon RB 20467 774 118 falling fall VBG 20467 774 119 . . . 20467 775 1 = = NFP 20467 775 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 775 3 to to IN 20467 775 4 May. May NNP 20467 776 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 776 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 776 3 1 1 CD 20467 776 4 - - SYM 20467 776 5 3 3 CD 20467 776 6 inches inch NNS 20467 776 7 long long JJ 20467 776 8 , , , 20467 776 9 fertile fertile JJ 20467 776 10 at at IN 20467 776 11 first first RB 20467 776 12 about about IN 20467 776 13 the the DT 20467 776 14 same same JJ 20467 776 15 length length NN 20467 776 16 , , , 20467 776 17 gradually gradually RB 20467 776 18 elongating elongate VBG 20467 776 19 ; ; : 20467 776 20 bracts bract NNS 20467 776 21 cut cut VBN 20467 776 22 into into IN 20467 776 23 several several JJ 20467 776 24 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 776 25 or or CC 20467 776 26 linear linear JJ 20467 776 27 divisions division NNS 20467 776 28 , , , 20467 776 29 silky silky JJ 20467 776 30 - - HYPH 20467 776 31 hairy hairy JJ 20467 776 32 ; ; , 20467 776 33 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 776 34 about about RB 20467 776 35 10 10 CD 20467 776 36 ; ; : 20467 776 37 anthers anther NNS 20467 776 38 red red JJ 20467 776 39 : : : 20467 776 40 ovary ovary JJ 20467 776 41 short short RB 20467 776 42 - - HYPH 20467 776 43 stalked stalked JJ 20467 776 44 ; ; : 20467 776 45 stigmas stigmas ADD 20467 776 46 two two CD 20467 776 47 , , , 20467 776 48 2-lobed 2-lobed CD 20467 776 49 , , , 20467 776 50 red red NN 20467 776 51 . . . 20467 777 1 = = NFP 20467 777 2 Fruit.=--June Fruit.=--June NNP 20467 777 3 . . . 20467 778 1 Capsules capsule NNS 20467 778 2 , , , 20467 778 3 in in IN 20467 778 4 elongated elongated JJ 20467 778 5 catkins catkin NNS 20467 778 6 , , , 20467 778 7 conical conical JJ 20467 778 8 ; ; : 20467 778 9 seeds seed NNS 20467 778 10 numerous numerous JJ 20467 778 11 , , , 20467 778 12 white white JJ 20467 778 13 - - HYPH 20467 778 14 hairy hairy JJ 20467 778 15 . . . 20467 779 1 = = NFP 20467 779 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 779 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 779 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 779 5 New New NNP 20467 779 6 England England NNP 20467 779 7 in in IN 20467 779 8 the the DT 20467 779 9 most most RBS 20467 779 10 exposed expose VBN 20467 779 11 situations situation NNS 20467 779 12 ; ; , 20467 779 13 grows grow VBZ 20467 779 14 almost almost RB 20467 779 15 anywhere anywhere RB 20467 779 16 , , , 20467 779 17 but but CC 20467 779 18 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 779 19 a a DT 20467 779 20 moist moist NN 20467 779 21 , , , 20467 779 22 rich rich JJ 20467 779 23 loam loam NN 20467 779 24 ; ; : 20467 779 25 grows grow VBZ 20467 779 26 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 779 27 ; ; : 20467 779 28 foliage foliage NN 20467 779 29 and and CC 20467 779 30 spray spray VB 20467 779 31 thin thin JJ 20467 779 32 ; ; : 20467 779 33 generally generally RB 20467 779 34 short short RB 20467 779 35 - - HYPH 20467 779 36 lived live VBN 20467 779 37 ; ; : 20467 779 38 often often RB 20467 779 39 used use VBN 20467 779 40 as as IN 20467 779 41 a a DT 20467 779 42 screen screen NN 20467 779 43 for for IN 20467 779 44 slow slow RB 20467 779 45 - - HYPH 20467 779 46 growing grow VBG 20467 779 47 trees tree NNS 20467 779 48 ; ; : 20467 779 49 type type NN 20467 779 50 seldom seldom RB 20467 779 51 found find VBN 20467 779 52 in in IN 20467 779 53 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 779 54 , , , 20467 779 55 but but CC 20467 779 56 one one CD 20467 779 57 or or CC 20467 779 58 two two CD 20467 779 59 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 779 60 forms form NNS 20467 779 61 are be VBP 20467 779 62 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 779 63 offered offer VBN 20467 779 64 . . . 20467 780 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 780 2 from from IN 20467 780 3 seed seed NN 20467 780 4 or or CC 20467 780 5 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 780 6 . . . 20467 781 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 781 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 781 3 : : : 20467 781 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 781 5 XIV.--Populus XIV.--Populus NNP 20467 781 6 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 781 7 . . . 20467 781 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 782 1 1 1 LS 20467 782 2 . . . 20467 783 1 Branch branch NN 20467 783 2 with with IN 20467 783 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 783 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 783 5 . . . 20467 784 1 2 2 LS 20467 784 2 . . . 20467 785 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 785 2 flower flower NN 20467 785 3 . . . 20467 786 1 3 3 LS 20467 786 2 . . . 20467 787 1 Branch branch NN 20467 787 2 with with IN 20467 787 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 787 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 787 5 . . . 20467 788 1 4 4 LS 20467 788 2 . . . 20467 789 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 789 2 flower flower NN 20467 789 3 . . . 20467 790 1 5 5 CD 20467 790 2 . . . 20467 791 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 791 2 branch branch NN 20467 791 3 . . . 20467 792 1 6 6 CD 20467 792 2 . . . 20467 793 1 Branch branch NN 20467 793 2 with with IN 20467 793 3 mature mature JJ 20467 793 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 793 5 . . . 20467 794 1 7 7 LS 20467 794 2 . . . 20467 795 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 795 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 795 3 . . . 20467 796 1 = = NFP 20467 796 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 796 3 grandidentata grandidentata NNS 20467 796 4 , , , 20467 796 5 Michx.= michx.= NN 20467 796 6 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 796 7 . . . 20467 797 1 LARGE large JJ 20467 797 2 - - HYPH 20467 797 3 TOOTHED toothed NN 20467 797 4 ASPEN aspen NN 20467 797 5 . . . 20467 798 1 = = NFP 20467 798 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 798 3 and and CC 20467 798 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 798 5 rich rich JJ 20467 798 6 or or CC 20467 798 7 poor poor JJ 20467 798 8 soils soil NNS 20467 798 9 ; ; : 20467 798 10 woods wood NNS 20467 798 11 , , , 20467 798 12 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 798 13 , , , 20467 798 14 borders border NNS 20467 798 15 of of IN 20467 798 16 streams stream NNS 20467 798 17 . . . 20467 799 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 799 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 799 3 , , , 20467 799 4 New New NNP 20467 799 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 799 6 , , , 20467 799 7 southern southern JJ 20467 799 8 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 799 9 , , , 20467 799 10 and and CC 20467 799 11 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 799 12 . . . 20467 800 1 New New NNP 20467 800 2 England,--common England,--common NNP 20467 800 3 , , , 20467 800 4 occasional occasional JJ 20467 800 5 at at IN 20467 800 6 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 800 7 of of IN 20467 800 8 2000 2000 CD 20467 800 9 feet foot NNS 20467 800 10 or or CC 20467 800 11 more more JJR 20467 800 12 . . . 20467 801 1 South south RB 20467 801 2 to to IN 20467 801 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 801 4 and and CC 20467 801 5 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 801 6 , , , 20467 801 7 along along IN 20467 801 8 the the DT 20467 801 9 mountains mountain NNS 20467 801 10 to to IN 20467 801 11 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 801 12 , , , 20467 801 13 North North NNP 20467 801 14 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 801 15 , , , 20467 801 16 and and CC 20467 801 17 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 801 18 ; ; : 20467 801 19 west west NN 20467 801 20 to to IN 20467 801 21 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 801 22 . . . 20467 802 1 = = NFP 20467 802 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A JJS 20467 802 3 tree tree NN 20467 802 4 30 30 CD 20467 802 5 - - SYM 20467 802 6 45 45 CD 20467 802 7 feet foot NNS 20467 802 8 in in IN 20467 802 9 height height NN 20467 802 10 and and CC 20467 802 11 1 1 CD 20467 802 12 foot foot NN 20467 802 13 to to IN 20467 802 14 20 20 CD 20467 802 15 inches inch NNS 20467 802 16 in in IN 20467 802 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 802 18 at at IN 20467 802 19 the the DT 20467 802 20 ground ground NN 20467 802 21 , , , 20467 802 22 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 802 23 attaining attain VBG 20467 802 24 much much RB 20467 802 25 greater great JJR 20467 802 26 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 802 27 ; ; : 20467 802 28 trunk trunk NN 20467 802 29 erect erect NN 20467 802 30 , , , 20467 802 31 with with IN 20467 802 32 an an DT 20467 802 33 open open JJ 20467 802 34 , , , 20467 802 35 unsymmetrical unsymmetrical JJ 20467 802 36 , , , 20467 802 37 straggling straggle VBG 20467 802 38 head head NN 20467 802 39 ; ; : 20467 802 40 branches branch NNS 20467 802 41 distant distant JJ 20467 802 42 , , , 20467 802 43 small small JJ 20467 802 44 and and CC 20467 802 45 crooked crooked JJ 20467 802 46 ; ; : 20467 802 47 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 802 48 round round JJ 20467 802 49 ; ; : 20467 802 50 spray spray NN 20467 802 51 sparse sparse RB 20467 802 52 , , , 20467 802 53 consisting consist VBG 20467 802 54 of of IN 20467 802 55 short short JJ 20467 802 56 , , , 20467 802 57 stout stout RB 20467 802 58 , , , 20467 802 59 leafy leafy NNP 20467 802 60 shoots shoot NNS 20467 802 61 ; ; : 20467 802 62 in in IN 20467 802 63 time time NN 20467 802 64 and and CC 20467 802 65 manner manner NN 20467 802 66 of of IN 20467 802 67 blossoming blossom VBG 20467 802 68 , , , 20467 802 69 constant constant JJ 20467 802 70 motion motion NN 20467 802 71 of of IN 20467 802 72 foliage foliage NN 20467 802 73 , , , 20467 802 74 and and CC 20467 802 75 general general JJ 20467 802 76 habit habit NN 20467 802 77 , , , 20467 802 78 closely closely RB 20467 802 79 resembling resemble VBG 20467 802 80 _ _ NNP 20467 802 81 P. P. NNP 20467 803 1 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 803 2 . . . 20467 803 3 _ _ NNP 20467 803 4 = = SYM 20467 803 5 Bark.=--Bark bark.=--bark NN 20467 803 6 of of IN 20467 803 7 trunk trunk NN 20467 803 8 on on IN 20467 803 9 old old JJ 20467 803 10 trees tree NNS 20467 803 11 dark dark JJ 20467 803 12 grayish grayish NN 20467 803 13 - - HYPH 20467 803 14 brown brown JJ 20467 803 15 or or CC 20467 803 16 blackish blackish NN 20467 803 17 , , , 20467 803 18 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 803 19 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 803 20 , , , 20467 803 21 broad broad RB 20467 803 22 - - HYPH 20467 803 23 ridged ridged JJ 20467 803 24 , , , 20467 803 25 the the DT 20467 803 26 outer outer JJ 20467 803 27 portions portion NNS 20467 803 28 separated separate VBD 20467 803 29 into into IN 20467 803 30 small small JJ 20467 803 31 , , , 20467 803 32 thickish thickish JJ 20467 803 33 scales scale NNS 20467 803 34 ; ; : 20467 803 35 trunk trunk NN 20467 803 36 of of IN 20467 803 37 young young JJ 20467 803 38 trees tree NNS 20467 803 39 soft soft JJ 20467 803 40 greenish greenish JJ 20467 803 41 - - HYPH 20467 803 42 gray gray JJ 20467 803 43 ; ; : 20467 803 44 branches branch NNS 20467 803 45 greenish greenish JJ 20467 803 46 - - HYPH 20467 803 47 gray gray JJ 20467 803 48 , , , 20467 803 49 darker dark JJR 20467 803 50 on on IN 20467 803 51 the the DT 20467 803 52 underside underside NN 20467 803 53 ; ; : 20467 803 54 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 803 55 dark dark JJ 20467 803 56 greenish greenish JJ 20467 803 57 - - HYPH 20467 803 58 gray gray JJ 20467 803 59 , , , 20467 803 60 roughened roughen VBN 20467 803 61 with with IN 20467 803 62 leaf leaf NN 20467 803 63 - - HYPH 20467 803 64 scars scar NNS 20467 803 65 ; ; : 20467 803 66 season season NN 20467 803 67 's 's POS 20467 803 68 twigs twig NNS 20467 803 69 in in IN 20467 803 70 fall fall VBP 20467 803 71 dark dark JJ 20467 803 72 reddish reddish JJ 20467 803 73 - - HYPH 20467 803 74 brown brown JJ 20467 803 75 , , , 20467 803 76 at at IN 20467 803 77 first first RB 20467 803 78 tomentose tomentose NNP 20467 803 79 , , , 20467 803 80 becoming become VBG 20467 803 81 smooth smooth JJ 20467 803 82 and and CC 20467 803 83 shining shine VBG 20467 803 84 . . . 20467 804 1 = = NFP 20467 804 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 804 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 804 4 and and CC 20467 804 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 804 6 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 804 7 inch inch NN 20467 804 8 long long RB 20467 804 9 , , , 20467 804 10 mostly mostly RB 20467 804 11 divergent divergent JJ 20467 804 12 , , , 20467 804 13 light light JJ 20467 804 14 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 804 15 , , , 20467 804 16 more more RBR 20467 804 17 or or CC 20467 804 18 less less RBR 20467 804 19 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 804 20 , , , 20467 804 21 dusty dusty JJ 20467 804 22 - - HYPH 20467 804 23 looking looking JJ 20467 804 24 , , , 20467 804 25 ovate ovate NN 20467 804 26 , , , 20467 804 27 acute acute JJ 20467 804 28 . . . 20467 805 1 Leaves Leaves NNP 20467 805 2 3 3 CD 20467 805 3 - - SYM 20467 805 4 5 5 CD 20467 805 5 inches inch NNS 20467 805 6 long long JJ 20467 805 7 , , , 20467 805 8 two two CD 20467 805 9 - - HYPH 20467 805 10 thirds third NNS 20467 805 11 as as IN 20467 805 12 wide wide JJ 20467 805 13 , , , 20467 805 14 densely densely RB 20467 805 15 white white JJ 20467 805 16 - - HYPH 20467 805 17 tomentose tomentose RB 20467 805 18 when when WRB 20467 805 19 opening opening NN 20467 805 20 , , , 20467 805 21 usually usually RB 20467 805 22 smooth smooth VB 20467 805 23 on on IN 20467 805 24 both both DT 20467 805 25 sides side NNS 20467 805 26 when when WRB 20467 805 27 mature mature JJ 20467 805 28 , , , 20467 805 29 dark dark JJ 20467 805 30 green green NN 20467 805 31 above above RB 20467 805 32 , , , 20467 805 33 lighter light JJR 20467 805 34 beneath beneath RB 20467 805 35 , , , 20467 805 36 bright bright JJ 20467 805 37 yellow yellow NN 20467 805 38 in in IN 20467 805 39 autumn autumn NN 20467 805 40 ; ; : 20467 805 41 outline outline NN 20467 805 42 roundish roundish NN 20467 805 43 - - HYPH 20467 805 44 ovate ovate NN 20467 805 45 , , , 20467 805 46 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 805 47 and and CC 20467 805 48 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 805 49 sinuate sinuate NN 20467 805 50 - - HYPH 20467 805 51 toothed toothed JJ 20467 805 52 ; ; : 20467 805 53 teeth tooth NNS 20467 805 54 acutish acutish VBP 20467 805 55 ; ; : 20467 805 56 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 805 57 in in IN 20467 805 58 shallow shallow JJ 20467 805 59 curves curve NNS 20467 805 60 ; ; : 20467 805 61 apex apex NNP 20467 805 62 acute acute NNP 20467 805 63 ; ; : 20467 805 64 base base NN 20467 805 65 truncate truncate NN 20467 805 66 or or CC 20467 805 67 slightly slightly RB 20467 805 68 heart heart NN 20467 805 69 - - HYPH 20467 805 70 shaped shape VBN 20467 805 71 ; ; : 20467 805 72 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 805 73 long long RB 20467 805 74 , , , 20467 805 75 strongly strongly RB 20467 805 76 flattened flatten VBD 20467 805 77 at at IN 20467 805 78 right right JJ 20467 805 79 angles angle NNS 20467 805 80 to to IN 20467 805 81 the the DT 20467 805 82 plane plane NN 20467 805 83 of of IN 20467 805 84 the the DT 20467 805 85 blade blade NN 20467 805 86 ; ; : 20467 805 87 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 805 88 thread thread NN 20467 805 89 - - HYPH 20467 805 90 like like JJ 20467 805 91 , , , 20467 805 92 soon soon RB 20467 805 93 falling fall VBG 20467 805 94 . . . 20467 806 1 = = NFP 20467 806 2 Inflorescence.=--March inflorescence.=--march ADD 20467 806 3 to to IN 20467 806 4 April April NNP 20467 806 5 . . . 20467 807 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 807 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 807 3 1 1 CD 20467 807 4 - - SYM 20467 807 5 3 3 CD 20467 807 6 inches inch NNS 20467 807 7 long long JJ 20467 807 8 , , , 20467 807 9 fertile fertile JJ 20467 807 10 at at IN 20467 807 11 first first RB 20467 807 12 about about IN 20467 807 13 the the DT 20467 807 14 same same JJ 20467 807 15 length length NN 20467 807 16 , , , 20467 807 17 but but CC 20467 807 18 gradually gradually RB 20467 807 19 elongating elongate VBG 20467 807 20 ; ; : 20467 807 21 bracts bract NNS 20467 807 22 cut cut VBN 20467 807 23 into into IN 20467 807 24 several several JJ 20467 807 25 lanceolate lanceolate JJ 20467 807 26 divisions division NNS 20467 807 27 , , , 20467 807 28 silky silky JJ 20467 807 29 - - HYPH 20467 807 30 hairy hairy JJ 20467 807 31 ; ; , 20467 807 32 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 807 33 about about RB 20467 807 34 10 10 CD 20467 807 35 ; ; : 20467 807 36 anthers anther NNS 20467 807 37 red red JJ 20467 807 38 : : : 20467 807 39 ovaries ovarie VBZ 20467 807 40 short short RB 20467 807 41 - - HYPH 20467 807 42 stalked stalked JJ 20467 807 43 ; ; : 20467 807 44 stigmas stigmas ADD 20467 807 45 two two CD 20467 807 46 , , , 20467 807 47 2-lobed 2-lobed CD 20467 807 48 , , , 20467 807 49 red red NN 20467 807 50 . . . 20467 808 1 = = NFP 20467 808 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 808 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 808 4 at at IN 20467 808 5 length length NN 20467 808 6 3 3 CD 20467 808 7 - - SYM 20467 808 8 6 6 CD 20467 808 9 inches inch NNS 20467 808 10 long long JJ 20467 808 11 ; ; : 20467 808 12 capsule capsule NN 20467 808 13 conical conical JJ 20467 808 14 , , , 20467 808 15 acute acute JJ 20467 808 16 , , , 20467 808 17 roughish roughish JJ 20467 808 18 - - HYPH 20467 808 19 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 808 20 , , , 20467 808 21 hairy hairy JJ 20467 808 22 at at IN 20467 808 23 tip tip NN 20467 808 24 : : : 20467 808 25 seeds seed NNS 20467 808 26 numerous numerous JJ 20467 808 27 , , , 20467 808 28 hairy hairy JJ 20467 808 29 . . . 20467 809 1 = = NFP 20467 809 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 809 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 809 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 809 5 New New NNP 20467 809 6 England England NNP 20467 809 7 ; ; : 20467 809 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 809 9 almost almost RB 20467 809 10 anywhere anywhere RB 20467 809 11 , , , 20467 809 12 but but CC 20467 809 13 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 809 14 moist moist JJ 20467 809 15 , , , 20467 809 16 rich rich JJ 20467 809 17 loam loam NN 20467 809 18 ; ; : 20467 809 19 grows grow VBZ 20467 809 20 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 809 21 and and CC 20467 809 22 is be VBZ 20467 809 23 safely safely RB 20467 809 24 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 809 25 , , , 20467 809 26 but but CC 20467 809 27 is be VBZ 20467 809 28 unsymmetrical unsymmetrical JJ 20467 809 29 , , , 20467 809 30 easily easily RB 20467 809 31 broken break VBN 20467 809 32 by by IN 20467 809 33 the the DT 20467 809 34 wind wind NN 20467 809 35 , , , 20467 809 36 and and CC 20467 809 37 short short RB 20467 809 38 - - HYPH 20467 809 39 lived live VBN 20467 809 40 ; ; : 20467 809 41 seldom seldom RB 20467 809 42 offered offer VBN 20467 809 43 by by IN 20467 809 44 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 809 45 , , , 20467 809 46 but but CC 20467 809 47 readily readily RB 20467 809 48 procured procure VBD 20467 809 49 from from IN 20467 809 50 northern northern JJ 20467 809 51 collectors collector NNS 20467 809 52 of of IN 20467 809 53 native native JJ 20467 809 54 plants plant NNS 20467 809 55 . . . 20467 810 1 Useful useful JJ 20467 810 2 to to TO 20467 810 3 grow grow VB 20467 810 4 for for IN 20467 810 5 temporary temporary JJ 20467 810 6 effect effect NN 20467 810 7 with with IN 20467 810 8 permanent permanent JJ 20467 810 9 trees tree NNS 20467 810 10 , , , 20467 810 11 as as IN 20467 810 12 it -PRON- PRP 20467 810 13 will will MD 20467 810 14 fail fail VB 20467 810 15 by by IN 20467 810 16 the the DT 20467 810 17 time time NN 20467 810 18 the the DT 20467 810 19 desirable desirable JJ 20467 810 20 kinds kind NNS 20467 810 21 are be VBP 20467 810 22 well well RB 20467 810 23 established establish VBN 20467 810 24 . . . 20467 811 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 811 2 from from IN 20467 811 3 seed seed NN 20467 811 4 or or CC 20467 811 5 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 811 6 . . . 20467 812 1 = = NFP 20467 812 2 Note.=--Points Note.=--Points NNP 20467 812 3 of of IN 20467 812 4 difference difference NN 20467 812 5 between between IN 20467 812 6 _ _ NNP 20467 812 7 P. P. NNP 20467 813 1 tremuloides tremuloides NNP 20467 813 2 _ _ NNP 20467 813 3 and and CC 20467 813 4 _ _ NNP 20467 813 5 P. P. NNP 20467 814 1 grandidentata grandidentata NNP 20467 814 2 _ _ NNP 20467 814 3 . . . 20467 815 1 These these DT 20467 815 2 trees tree NNS 20467 815 3 may may MD 20467 815 4 be be VB 20467 815 5 best well RBS 20467 815 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 815 7 in in IN 20467 815 8 early early JJ 20467 815 9 spring spring NN 20467 815 10 by by IN 20467 815 11 the the DT 20467 815 12 color color NN 20467 815 13 of of IN 20467 815 14 the the DT 20467 815 15 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 815 16 leaves leave NNS 20467 815 17 . . . 20467 816 1 In in IN 20467 816 2 the the DT 20467 816 3 sunlight sunlight NN 20467 816 4 the the DT 20467 816 5 head head NN 20467 816 6 of of IN 20467 816 7 _ _ NNP 20467 816 8 P. P. NNP 20467 817 1 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 817 2 _ _ NNP 20467 817 3 appears appear VBZ 20467 817 4 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 817 5 - - HYPH 20467 817 6 green green JJ 20467 817 7 , , , 20467 817 8 while while IN 20467 817 9 that that DT 20467 817 10 of of IN 20467 817 11 _ _ NNP 20467 817 12 P. P. NNP 20467 818 1 grandidentata grandidentata NNP 20467 818 2 _ _ NNP 20467 818 3 is be VBZ 20467 818 4 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 818 5 cotton cotton NN 20467 818 6 white white JJ 20467 818 7 . . . 20467 819 1 The the DT 20467 819 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 819 3 of of IN 20467 819 4 _ _ NNP 20467 819 5 P. P. NNP 20467 820 1 grandidentata grandidentata NNP 20467 820 2 _ _ NNP 20467 820 3 are be VBP 20467 820 4 larger large JJR 20467 820 5 and and CC 20467 820 6 more more RBR 20467 820 7 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 820 8 toothed toothed JJ 20467 820 9 , , , 20467 820 10 and and CC 20467 820 11 the the DT 20467 820 12 main main JJ 20467 820 13 branches branch NNS 20467 820 14 go go VBP 20467 820 15 off off RP 20467 820 16 usually usually RB 20467 820 17 at at IN 20467 820 18 a a DT 20467 820 19 broader broad JJR 20467 820 20 angle angle NN 20467 820 21 . . . 20467 821 1 The the DT 20467 821 2 buds bud NNS 20467 821 3 of of IN 20467 821 4 _ _ NNP 20467 821 5 P. P. NNP 20467 822 1 grandidentata grandidentata NNP 20467 822 2 _ _ NNP 20467 822 3 are be VBP 20467 822 4 mostly mostly RB 20467 822 5 divergent divergent JJ 20467 822 6 , , , 20467 822 7 dusty dusty JJ 20467 822 8 - - HYPH 20467 822 9 looking looking JJ 20467 822 10 , , , 20467 822 11 dull dull JJ 20467 822 12 ; ; : 20467 822 13 of of IN 20467 822 14 _ _ NNP 20467 822 15 P. P. NNP 20467 823 1 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 823 2 _ _ NNP 20467 823 3 , , , 20467 823 4 mostly mostly RB 20467 823 5 appressed appresse VBN 20467 823 6 , , , 20467 823 7 highly highly RB 20467 823 8 polished polished JJ 20467 823 9 with with IN 20467 823 10 a a DT 20467 823 11 resinous resinous JJ 20467 823 12 lustre lustre NN 20467 823 13 . . . 20467 824 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 824 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 824 3 : : : 20467 824 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 824 5 XV.--Populus XV.--Populus NNP 20467 824 6 grandidentata grandidentata NN 20467 824 7 . . . 20467 824 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 825 1 1 1 LS 20467 825 2 . . . 20467 826 1 Branch branch NN 20467 826 2 with with IN 20467 826 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 826 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 826 5 . . . 20467 827 1 2 2 LS 20467 827 2 . . . 20467 828 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 828 2 flower flower NN 20467 828 3 , , , 20467 828 4 back back JJ 20467 828 5 view view NN 20467 828 6 , , , 20467 828 7 3 3 CD 20467 828 8 . . . 20467 829 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 829 2 flower flower NN 20467 829 3 , , , 20467 829 4 front front JJ 20467 829 5 view view NN 20467 829 6 . . . 20467 830 1 4 4 LS 20467 830 2 . . . 20467 831 1 Branch branch NN 20467 831 2 with with IN 20467 831 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 831 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 831 5 . . . 20467 832 1 5 5 CD 20467 832 2 . . . 20467 833 1 Bract bract NN 20467 833 2 of of IN 20467 833 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 833 4 flower flower NN 20467 833 5 . . . 20467 834 1 6 6 CD 20467 834 2 . . . 20467 835 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 835 2 flower flower NN 20467 835 3 , , , 20467 835 4 front front JJ 20467 835 5 view view NN 20467 835 6 . . . 20467 836 1 7 7 LS 20467 836 2 . . . 20467 837 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 837 2 branch branch NN 20467 837 3 with with IN 20467 837 4 mature mature JJ 20467 837 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 837 6 . . . 20467 838 1 8 8 LS 20467 838 2 . . . 20467 839 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 839 2 . . . 20467 840 1 9 9 CD 20467 840 2 . . . 20467 841 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 841 2 . . . 20467 842 1 = = NFP 20467 842 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 842 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 842 4 , , , 20467 842 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 842 6 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 842 7 . . . 20467 843 1 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 843 2 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 843 3 . . . 20467 844 1 COTTONWOOD COTTONWOOD NNP 20467 844 2 . . . 20467 845 1 = = NFP 20467 845 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 845 3 and and CC 20467 845 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 845 5 or or CC 20467 845 6 along along IN 20467 845 7 swamps swamp NNS 20467 845 8 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 845 9 or or CC 20467 845 10 often often RB 20467 845 11 overflowed overflow VBN 20467 845 12 ; ; : 20467 845 13 rare rare JJ 20467 845 14 , , , 20467 845 15 local local JJ 20467 845 16 , , , 20467 845 17 and and CC 20467 845 18 erratically erratically RB 20467 845 19 distributed distribute VBN 20467 845 20 . . . 20467 846 1 Connecticut,--frequent connecticut,--frequent NN 20467 846 2 in in IN 20467 846 3 the the DT 20467 846 4 southern southern JJ 20467 846 5 sections section NNS 20467 846 6 ; ; : 20467 846 7 Bozrah Bozrah NNP 20467 846 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 846 9 J. J. NNP 20467 846 10 N. N. NNP 20467 846 11 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 846 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 846 13 ; ; : 20467 846 14 Guilford Guilford NNP 20467 846 15 , , , 20467 846 16 in in IN 20467 846 17 at at RB 20467 846 18 least least RBS 20467 846 19 three three CD 20467 846 20 wood wood NN 20467 846 21 - - HYPH 20467 846 22 ponds pond NNS 20467 846 23 ( ( -LRB- 20467 846 24 W. W. NNP 20467 846 25 E. E. NNP 20467 846 26 Dudley Dudley NNP 20467 846 27 _ _ NNP 20467 846 28 in in IN 20467 846 29 lit lit NN 20467 846 30 . . . 20467 846 31 _ _ NNP 20467 846 32 ) ) -RRB- 20467 846 33 , , , 20467 846 34 New New NNP 20467 846 35 Haven Haven NNP 20467 846 36 , , , 20467 846 37 and and CC 20467 846 38 near near IN 20467 846 39 Norwich Norwich NNP 20467 846 40 ( ( -LRB- 20467 846 41 W. W. NNP 20467 846 42 A. A. NNP 20467 846 43 Setchell Setchell NNP 20467 846 44 ) ) -RRB- 20467 846 45 . . . 20467 847 1 Following follow VBG 20467 847 2 the the DT 20467 847 3 eastern eastern JJ 20467 847 4 coast coast NN 20467 847 5 in in IN 20467 847 6 wide wide JJ 20467 847 7 belts belt NNS 20467 847 8 from from IN 20467 847 9 New New NNP 20467 847 10 York York NNP 20467 847 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 847 12 Staten Staten NNP 20467 847 13 island island NN 20467 847 14 and and CC 20467 847 15 Long long JJ 20467 847 16 island island NN 20467 847 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 847 18 south south RB 20467 847 19 to to IN 20467 847 20 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 847 21 ; ; : 20467 847 22 west west NN 20467 847 23 along along IN 20467 847 24 the the DT 20467 847 25 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 847 26 coast coast NN 20467 847 27 to to IN 20467 847 28 western western JJ 20467 847 29 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 20467 847 30 , , , 20467 847 31 and and CC 20467 847 32 northward northward RB 20467 847 33 along along IN 20467 847 34 the the DT 20467 847 35 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 847 36 and and CC 20467 847 37 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 847 38 basins basin NNS 20467 847 39 to to IN 20467 847 40 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 847 41 , , , 20467 847 42 Indiana Indiana NNP 20467 847 43 , , , 20467 847 44 and and CC 20467 847 45 Illinois Illinois NNP 20467 847 46 . . . 20467 848 1 = = NFP 20467 848 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 848 3 slender slender NN 20467 848 4 , , , 20467 848 5 medium medium NN 20467 848 6 - - HYPH 20467 848 7 sized sized JJ 20467 848 8 tree tree NN 20467 848 9 , , , 20467 848 10 attaining attain VBG 20467 848 11 a a DT 20467 848 12 height height NN 20467 848 13 of of IN 20467 848 14 30 30 CD 20467 848 15 - - SYM 20467 848 16 50 50 CD 20467 848 17 feet foot NNS 20467 848 18 , , , 20467 848 19 reaching reach VBG 20467 848 20 farther farth JJR 20467 848 21 south south RB 20467 848 22 a a DT 20467 848 23 maximum maximum NN 20467 848 24 of of IN 20467 848 25 90 90 CD 20467 848 26 feet foot NNS 20467 848 27 ; ; : 20467 848 28 trunk trunk NN 20467 848 29 9 9 CD 20467 848 30 - - SYM 20467 848 31 18 18 CD 20467 848 32 inches inch NNS 20467 848 33 in in IN 20467 848 34 diameter diameter NN 20467 848 35 , , , 20467 848 36 usually usually RB 20467 848 37 branching branch VBG 20467 848 38 high high RB 20467 848 39 up up RB 20467 848 40 , , , 20467 848 41 forming form VBG 20467 848 42 a a DT 20467 848 43 rather rather RB 20467 848 44 open open JJ 20467 848 45 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 848 46 or or CC 20467 848 47 narrow narrow JJ 20467 848 48 - - HYPH 20467 848 49 oblong oblong JJ 20467 848 50 head head NN 20467 848 51 ; ; : 20467 848 52 branches branch NNS 20467 848 53 irregular irregular JJ 20467 848 54 , , , 20467 848 55 short short JJ 20467 848 56 , , , 20467 848 57 rising rise VBG 20467 848 58 , , , 20467 848 59 except except IN 20467 848 60 the the DT 20467 848 61 lower low JJR 20467 848 62 , , , 20467 848 63 at at IN 20467 848 64 a a DT 20467 848 65 sharp sharp JJ 20467 848 66 angle angle NN 20467 848 67 ; ; : 20467 848 68 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 848 69 stout stout RB 20467 848 70 , , , 20467 848 71 roundish roundish NNP 20467 848 72 , , , 20467 848 73 varying vary VBG 20467 848 74 in in IN 20467 848 75 color color NN 20467 848 76 , , , 20467 848 77 degree degree NN 20467 848 78 of of IN 20467 848 79 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 848 80 , , , 20467 848 81 and and CC 20467 848 82 glossiness glossiness NN 20467 848 83 , , , 20467 848 84 becoming become VBG 20467 848 85 rough rough JJ 20467 848 86 after after IN 20467 848 87 the the DT 20467 848 88 first first JJ 20467 848 89 year year NN 20467 848 90 with with IN 20467 848 91 the the DT 20467 848 92 raised raise VBN 20467 848 93 leaf leaf NN 20467 848 94 - - HYPH 20467 848 95 scars scar NNS 20467 848 96 ; ; : 20467 848 97 spray spray VB 20467 848 98 sparse sparse RB 20467 848 99 . . . 20467 849 1 = = NFP 20467 849 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 849 3 of of IN 20467 849 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 849 5 dark dark JJ 20467 849 6 ash ash NN 20467 849 7 - - HYPH 20467 849 8 gray gray JJ 20467 849 9 , , , 20467 849 10 very very RB 20467 849 11 rough rough JJ 20467 849 12 , , , 20467 849 13 and and CC 20467 849 14 broken break VBN 20467 849 15 into into IN 20467 849 16 loosely loosely RB 20467 849 17 attached attach VBN 20467 849 18 narrow narrow JJ 20467 849 19 plates plate NNS 20467 849 20 in in IN 20467 849 21 old old JJ 20467 849 22 trees tree NNS 20467 849 23 ; ; : 20467 849 24 in in IN 20467 849 25 young young JJ 20467 849 26 trees tree NNS 20467 849 27 light light JJ 20467 849 28 ash ash NN 20467 849 29 - - HYPH 20467 849 30 gray gray JJ 20467 849 31 , , , 20467 849 32 smooth smooth JJ 20467 849 33 at at IN 20467 849 34 first first RB 20467 849 35 , , , 20467 849 36 becoming become VBG 20467 849 37 in in IN 20467 849 38 a a DT 20467 849 39 few few JJ 20467 849 40 years year NNS 20467 849 41 roughish roughish JJ 20467 849 42 , , , 20467 849 43 low low RB 20467 849 44 - - HYPH 20467 849 45 ridged ridged JJ 20467 849 46 . . . 20467 850 1 = = NFP 20467 850 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 850 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 850 4 and and CC 20467 850 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 850 6 conical conical JJ 20467 850 7 , , , 20467 850 8 acute acute JJ 20467 850 9 , , , 20467 850 10 more more RBR 20467 850 11 or or CC 20467 850 12 less less RBR 20467 850 13 resinous resinous JJ 20467 850 14 . . . 20467 851 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 851 2 3 3 CD 20467 851 3 - - SYM 20467 851 4 6 6 CD 20467 851 5 inches inch NNS 20467 851 6 long long JJ 20467 851 7 , , , 20467 851 8 two two CD 20467 851 9 - - HYPH 20467 851 10 thirds third NNS 20467 851 11 as as IN 20467 851 12 wide wide JJ 20467 851 13 , , , 20467 851 14 densely densely RB 20467 851 15 white white JJ 20467 851 16 - - HYPH 20467 851 17 tomentose tomentose RB 20467 851 18 when when WRB 20467 851 19 young young JJ 20467 851 20 , , , 20467 851 21 at at IN 20467 851 22 length length NN 20467 851 23 dark dark JJ 20467 851 24 green green NN 20467 851 25 on on IN 20467 851 26 the the DT 20467 851 27 upper upper JJ 20467 851 28 side side NN 20467 851 29 , , , 20467 851 30 lighter light JJR 20467 851 31 beneath beneath RB 20467 851 32 and and CC 20467 851 33 smooth smooth VB 20467 851 34 except except IN 20467 851 35 along along IN 20467 851 36 the the DT 20467 851 37 veins vein NNS 20467 851 38 ; ; : 20467 851 39 outline outline NN 20467 851 40 ovate ovate NN 20467 851 41 , , , 20467 851 42 wavy wavy NNP 20467 851 43 - - HYPH 20467 851 44 toothed toothed JJ 20467 851 45 ; ; : 20467 851 46 base base NN 20467 851 47 heart heart NN 20467 851 48 - - HYPH 20467 851 49 shaped shape VBN 20467 851 50 , , , 20467 851 51 lobes lob VBZ 20467 851 52 often often RB 20467 851 53 overlapping overlap VBG 20467 851 54 ; ; : 20467 851 55 apex apex NNP 20467 851 56 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 851 57 ; ; : 20467 851 58 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 851 59 long long JJ 20467 851 60 , , , 20467 851 61 round round JJ 20467 851 62 , , , 20467 851 63 downy downy JJ 20467 851 64 ; ; : 20467 851 65 stipules stipule NNS 20467 851 66 soon soon RB 20467 851 67 falling fall VBG 20467 851 68 . . . 20467 852 1 = = NFP 20467 852 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 852 3 to to IN 20467 852 4 May. May NNP 20467 853 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 853 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 853 3 when when WRB 20467 853 4 expanded expand VBN 20467 853 5 3 3 CD 20467 853 6 - - SYM 20467 853 7 4 4 CD 20467 853 8 inches inch NNS 20467 853 9 long long JJ 20467 853 10 , , , 20467 853 11 at at IN 20467 853 12 length length NN 20467 853 13 pendent pendent NN 20467 853 14 ; ; : 20467 853 15 scales scale NNS 20467 853 16 cut cut VBN 20467 853 17 into into IN 20467 853 18 irregular irregular JJ 20467 853 19 divisions division NNS 20467 853 20 , , , 20467 853 21 reddish reddish JJ 20467 853 22 ; ; , 20467 853 23 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 853 24 numerous numerous JJ 20467 853 25 , , , 20467 853 26 anthers anther NNS 20467 853 27 oblong oblong JJ 20467 853 28 , , , 20467 853 29 dark dark JJ 20467 853 30 red red JJ 20467 853 31 : : : 20467 853 32 fertile fertile JJ 20467 853 33 catkins catkin NNS 20467 853 34 spreading spread VBG 20467 853 35 , , , 20467 853 36 few few JJ 20467 853 37 and and CC 20467 853 38 loosely loosely RB 20467 853 39 flowered flower VBN 20467 853 40 , , , 20467 853 41 gradually gradually RB 20467 853 42 elongating elongate VBG 20467 853 43 ; ; : 20467 853 44 scales scale VBZ 20467 853 45 reddish reddish JJ 20467 853 46 - - HYPH 20467 853 47 brown brown NN 20467 853 48 ; ; : 20467 853 49 ovary ovary JJ 20467 853 50 short short RB 20467 853 51 - - HYPH 20467 853 52 stalked stalk VBN 20467 853 53 ; ; : 20467 853 54 styles style NNS 20467 853 55 2 2 CD 20467 853 56 - - SYM 20467 853 57 3 3 CD 20467 853 58 , , , 20467 853 59 united unite VBN 20467 853 60 at at IN 20467 853 61 the the DT 20467 853 62 base base NN 20467 853 63 ; ; : 20467 853 64 stigmas stigmas ADD 20467 853 65 2 2 CD 20467 853 66 - - SYM 20467 853 67 3 3 CD 20467 853 68 , , , 20467 853 69 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 853 70 . . . 20467 854 1 = = NFP 20467 854 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 854 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 854 4 spreading spread VBG 20467 854 5 or or CC 20467 854 6 drooping droop VBG 20467 854 7 , , , 20467 854 8 4 4 CD 20467 854 9 - - SYM 20467 854 10 5 5 CD 20467 854 11 inches inch NNS 20467 854 12 long long JJ 20467 854 13 : : : 20467 854 14 capsules capsule NNS 20467 854 15 usually usually RB 20467 854 16 erect erect VBP 20467 854 17 , , , 20467 854 18 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 854 19 , , , 20467 854 20 acute acute JJ 20467 854 21 , , , 20467 854 22 shorter short JJR 20467 854 23 than than IN 20467 854 24 or or CC 20467 854 25 equaling equal VBG 20467 854 26 the the DT 20467 854 27 slender slender NN 20467 854 28 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 854 29 : : : 20467 854 30 seeds seed NNS 20467 854 31 numerous numerous JJ 20467 854 32 , , , 20467 854 33 white white JJ 20467 854 34 - - HYPH 20467 854 35 hairy hairy JJ 20467 854 36 . . . 20467 855 1 = = NFP 20467 855 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 855 3 Value.=--Not value.=--not NN 20467 855 4 procurable procurable NN 20467 855 5 in in IN 20467 855 6 New New NNP 20467 855 7 England England NNP 20467 855 8 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 855 9 or or CC 20467 855 10 from from IN 20467 855 11 collectors collector NNS 20467 855 12 ; ; : 20467 855 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 855 14 usefulness usefulness NN 20467 855 15 in in IN 20467 855 16 landscape landscape NN 20467 855 17 gardening gardening NN 20467 855 18 not not RB 20467 855 19 definitely definitely RB 20467 855 20 known know VBN 20467 855 21 . . . 20467 856 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 856 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 856 3 : : : 20467 856 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 856 5 XVI.--Populus XVI.--Populus NNP 20467 856 6 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 856 7 . . . 20467 856 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 857 1 1 1 LS 20467 857 2 . . . 20467 858 1 Winter winter NN 20467 858 2 buds bud NNS 20467 858 3 . . . 20467 859 1 2 2 LS 20467 859 2 . . . 20467 860 1 Branch branch NN 20467 860 2 with with IN 20467 860 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 860 4 catkin catkin NNP 20467 860 5 . . . 20467 861 1 3 3 LS 20467 861 2 . . . 20467 862 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 862 2 flower flower NN 20467 862 3 . . . 20467 863 1 4 4 LS 20467 863 2 . . . 20467 864 1 Scale scale NN 20467 864 2 of of IN 20467 864 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 864 4 flower flower NN 20467 864 5 . . . 20467 865 1 5 5 CD 20467 865 2 . . . 20467 866 1 Branch branch NN 20467 866 2 with with IN 20467 866 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 866 4 catkin catkin NNS 20467 866 5 . . . 20467 867 1 6 6 CD 20467 867 2 . . . 20467 868 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 868 2 flower flower NN 20467 868 3 . . . 20467 869 1 7 7 LS 20467 869 2 . . . 20467 870 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 870 2 branch branch NN 20467 870 3 with with IN 20467 870 4 mature mature JJ 20467 870 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 870 6 . . . 20467 871 1 = = NFP 20467 871 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 871 3 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 871 4 , , , 20467 871 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 871 6 _ _ NNP 20467 871 7 Populus Populus NNP 20467 871 8 monilifera monilifera NN 20467 871 9 , , , 20467 871 10 Ait Ait NNP 20467 871 11 . . . 20467 871 12 _ _ NNP 20467 871 13 COTTONWOOD COTTONWOOD NNP 20467 871 14 . . . 20467 872 1 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 872 2 . . . 20467 873 1 = = NFP 20467 873 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 873 3 and and CC 20467 873 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 873 5 moist moist JJ 20467 873 6 soil soil NN 20467 873 7 ; ; : 20467 873 8 river river NN 20467 873 9 banks bank NNS 20467 873 10 and and CC 20467 873 11 basins basin NNS 20467 873 12 , , , 20467 873 13 shores shore NNS 20467 873 14 of of IN 20467 873 15 lakes lake NNS 20467 873 16 , , , 20467 873 17 not not RB 20467 873 18 uncommon uncommon JJ 20467 873 19 in in IN 20467 873 20 drier dry JJR 20467 873 21 locations location NNS 20467 873 22 . . . 20467 874 1 Throughout throughout IN 20467 874 2 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 874 3 and and CC 20467 874 4 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 874 5 to to IN 20467 874 6 the the DT 20467 874 7 base base NN 20467 874 8 of of IN 20467 874 9 the the DT 20467 874 10 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 874 11 mountains mountain NNS 20467 874 12 . . . 20467 875 1 Maine,--not Maine,--not NNP 20467 875 2 reported report VBD 20467 875 3 ; ; : 20467 875 4 New New NNP 20467 875 5 Hampshire,--restricted Hampshire,--restricted NNP 20467 875 6 to to IN 20467 875 7 the the DT 20467 875 8 immediate immediate JJ 20467 875 9 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 875 10 of of IN 20467 875 11 the the DT 20467 875 12 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 875 13 river river NN 20467 875 14 , , , 20467 875 15 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 875 16 near near IN 20467 875 17 the the DT 20467 875 18 northern northern JJ 20467 875 19 part part NN 20467 875 20 of of IN 20467 875 21 Westmoreland Westmoreland NNP 20467 875 22 ; ; : 20467 875 23 Vermont,--western Vermont,--western NNP 20467 875 24 sections section NNS 20467 875 25 , , , 20467 875 26 abundant abundant JJ 20467 875 27 along along IN 20467 875 28 the the DT 20467 875 29 shores shore NNS 20467 875 30 of of IN 20467 875 31 the the DT 20467 875 32 Hoosac Hoosac NNP 20467 875 33 river river NN 20467 875 34 in in IN 20467 875 35 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 875 36 and and CC 20467 875 37 along along IN 20467 875 38 Lake Lake NNP 20467 875 39 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 875 40 ( ( -LRB- 20467 875 41 W. W. NNP 20467 875 42 W. W. NNP 20467 875 43 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 875 44 ) ) -RRB- 20467 875 45 ; ; : 20467 875 46 in in IN 20467 875 47 the the DT 20467 875 48 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 875 49 valley valley NN 20467 875 50 as as IN 20467 875 51 far far RB 20467 875 52 north north RB 20467 875 53 as as IN 20467 875 54 Brattleboro Brattleboro NNP 20467 875 55 ( ( -LRB- 20467 875 56 _ _ NNP 20467 875 57 Flora Flora NNP 20467 875 58 of of IN 20467 875 59 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 875 60 _ _ NNP 20467 875 61 , , , 20467 875 62 1900 1900 CD 20467 875 63 ) ) -RRB- 20467 875 64 ; ; : 20467 875 65 Massachusetts,--along Massachusetts,--along NNP 20467 875 66 the the DT 20467 875 67 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 875 68 and and CC 20467 875 69 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 875 70 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 875 71 ; ; : 20467 875 72 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 875 73 Island,--occasional Island,--occasional NNP 20467 875 74 ; ; : 20467 875 75 Connecticut,--occasional Connecticut,--occasional NNP 20467 875 76 eastward eastward RB 20467 875 77 , , , 20467 875 78 common common JJ 20467 875 79 along along IN 20467 875 80 the the DT 20467 875 81 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 875 82 , , , 20467 875 83 Farmington Farmington NNP 20467 875 84 , , , 20467 875 85 and and CC 20467 875 86 Housatonic housatonic JJ 20467 875 87 rivers river NNS 20467 875 88 . . . 20467 876 1 South south RB 20467 876 2 to to IN 20467 876 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 876 4 ; ; : 20467 876 5 west west NN 20467 876 6 to to IN 20467 876 7 the the DT 20467 876 8 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 876 9 mountains mountain NNS 20467 876 10 . . . 20467 877 1 = = NFP 20467 877 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 877 3 stately stately JJ 20467 877 4 tree tree NN 20467 877 5 , , , 20467 877 6 75 75 CD 20467 877 7 - - SYM 20467 877 8 100 100 CD 20467 877 9 feet foot NNS 20467 877 10 in in IN 20467 877 11 height height NN 20467 877 12 ; ; : 20467 877 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 877 14 3 3 CD 20467 877 15 - - SYM 20467 877 16 5 5 CD 20467 877 17 feet foot NNS 20467 877 18 in in IN 20467 877 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 877 20 , , , 20467 877 21 light light JJ 20467 877 22 gray gray JJ 20467 877 23 , , , 20467 877 24 straight straight JJ 20467 877 25 or or CC 20467 877 26 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 877 27 slightly slightly RB 20467 877 28 inclined incline VBN 20467 877 29 , , , 20467 877 30 of of IN 20467 877 31 nearly nearly RB 20467 877 32 uniform uniform JJ 20467 877 33 size size NN 20467 877 34 to to IN 20467 877 35 the the DT 20467 877 36 point point NN 20467 877 37 of of IN 20467 877 38 branching branching NN 20467 877 39 , , , 20467 877 40 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 877 41 by by IN 20467 877 42 a a DT 20467 877 43 noble noble JJ 20467 877 44 , , , 20467 877 45 broad broad RB 20467 877 46 - - HYPH 20467 877 47 spreading spread VBG 20467 877 48 , , , 20467 877 49 open open JJ 20467 877 50 , , , 20467 877 51 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 877 52 head head NN 20467 877 53 , , , 20467 877 54 the the DT 20467 877 55 lower low JJR 20467 877 56 branches branch NNS 20467 877 57 massive massive JJ 20467 877 58 , , , 20467 877 59 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 877 60 , , , 20467 877 61 or or CC 20467 877 62 slightly slightly RB 20467 877 63 ascending ascend VBG 20467 877 64 , , , 20467 877 65 more more RBR 20467 877 66 or or CC 20467 877 67 less less RBR 20467 877 68 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 877 69 at at IN 20467 877 70 the the DT 20467 877 71 extremities extremity NNS 20467 877 72 , , , 20467 877 73 the the DT 20467 877 74 upper upper JJ 20467 877 75 coarse coarse NN 20467 877 76 and and CC 20467 877 77 spreading spread VBG 20467 877 78 , , , 20467 877 79 rising rise VBG 20467 877 80 at at IN 20467 877 81 a a DT 20467 877 82 sharper sharp JJR 20467 877 83 angle angle NN 20467 877 84 ; ; : 20467 877 85 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 877 86 stout stout RB 20467 877 87 ; ; : 20467 877 88 foliage foliage VB 20467 877 89 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 877 90 green green NN 20467 877 91 , , , 20467 877 92 easily easily RB 20467 877 93 set set VBN 20467 877 94 in in IN 20467 877 95 motion motion NN 20467 877 96 ; ; : 20467 877 97 the the DT 20467 877 98 sterile sterile JJ 20467 877 99 trees tree NNS 20467 877 100 gorgeous gorgeous JJ 20467 877 101 in in IN 20467 877 102 spring spring NN 20467 877 103 with with IN 20467 877 104 dark dark JJ 20467 877 105 red red JJ 20467 877 106 pendent pendent NN 20467 877 107 catkins catkin NNS 20467 877 108 . . . 20467 878 1 = = NFP 20467 878 2 Bark.=--In Bark.=--In NNP 20467 878 3 old old JJ 20467 878 4 trees tree NNS 20467 878 5 thick thick JJ 20467 878 6 , , , 20467 878 7 ash ash JJ 20467 878 8 - - HYPH 20467 878 9 gray gray JJ 20467 878 10 , , , 20467 878 11 separated separate VBN 20467 878 12 into into IN 20467 878 13 deep deep JJ 20467 878 14 , , , 20467 878 15 straight straight JJ 20467 878 16 furrows furrow NNS 20467 878 17 with with IN 20467 878 18 rounded rounded JJ 20467 878 19 ridges ridge NNS 20467 878 20 ; ; : 20467 878 21 in in IN 20467 878 22 young young JJ 20467 878 23 trees tree NNS 20467 878 24 light light VBP 20467 878 25 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 878 26 - - HYPH 20467 878 27 green green JJ 20467 878 28 , , , 20467 878 29 smooth smooth JJ 20467 878 30 ; ; : 20467 878 31 season season NN 20467 878 32 's 's POS 20467 878 33 shoots shoot NNS 20467 878 34 greenish greenish NNP 20467 878 35 , , , 20467 878 36 marked mark VBN 20467 878 37 with with IN 20467 878 38 pale pale JJ 20467 878 39 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 20467 878 40 lines line NNS 20467 878 41 . . . 20467 879 1 = = NFP 20467 879 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 879 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 879 4 and and CC 20467 879 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 879 6 large large JJ 20467 879 7 , , , 20467 879 8 conical conical JJ 20467 879 9 , , , 20467 879 10 smooth smooth JJ 20467 879 11 , , , 20467 879 12 shining shine VBG 20467 879 13 . . . 20467 880 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 880 2 3 3 CD 20467 880 3 - - SYM 20467 880 4 6 6 CD 20467 880 5 inches inch NNS 20467 880 6 long long JJ 20467 880 7 , , , 20467 880 8 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 880 9 less less RBR 20467 880 10 in in IN 20467 880 11 width width NN 20467 880 12 , , , 20467 880 13 variable variable JJ 20467 880 14 in in IN 20467 880 15 color color NN 20467 880 16 and and CC 20467 880 17 shape shape NN 20467 880 18 , , , 20467 880 19 ordinarily ordinarily RB 20467 880 20 dark dark JJ 20467 880 21 green green NN 20467 880 22 and and CC 20467 880 23 shining shine VBG 20467 880 24 above above RB 20467 880 25 , , , 20467 880 26 lighter light JJR 20467 880 27 beneath beneath RB 20467 880 28 , , , 20467 880 29 ribs ribs NNP 20467 880 30 raised raise VBD 20467 880 31 on on IN 20467 880 32 both both DT 20467 880 33 sides side NNS 20467 880 34 ; ; : 20467 880 35 outline outline VB 20467 880 36 broadly broadly RB 20467 880 37 ovate ovate JJ 20467 880 38 , , , 20467 880 39 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 880 40 crenate crenate JJ 20467 880 41 - - HYPH 20467 880 42 toothed toothed JJ 20467 880 43 ; ; : 20467 880 44 apex apex NNP 20467 880 45 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 880 46 acute acute JJ 20467 880 47 or or CC 20467 880 48 acuminate acuminate VBP 20467 880 49 ; ; : 20467 880 50 base base NN 20467 880 51 truncate truncate NN 20467 880 52 , , , 20467 880 53 slightly slightly RB 20467 880 54 heart heart NN 20467 880 55 - - HYPH 20467 880 56 shaped shape VBN 20467 880 57 or or CC 20467 880 58 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 880 59 acute acute JJ 20467 880 60 ; ; : 20467 880 61 stems stem VBZ 20467 880 62 long long JJ 20467 880 63 , , , 20467 880 64 slender slend JJR 20467 880 65 , , , 20467 880 66 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 880 67 flattened flatten VBD 20467 880 68 at at IN 20467 880 69 right right JJ 20467 880 70 angles angle NNS 20467 880 71 to to IN 20467 880 72 the the DT 20467 880 73 plane plane NN 20467 880 74 of of IN 20467 880 75 the the DT 20467 880 76 blade blade NN 20467 880 77 ; ; : 20467 880 78 stipules stipule NNS 20467 880 79 linear linear NNP 20467 880 80 , , , 20467 880 81 soon soon RB 20467 880 82 falling fall VBG 20467 880 83 . . . 20467 881 1 = = NFP 20467 881 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 881 3 to to IN 20467 881 4 May. May NNP 20467 882 1 In in IN 20467 882 2 solitary solitary JJ 20467 882 3 , , , 20467 882 4 densely densely RB 20467 882 5 flowered flower VBN 20467 882 6 catkins catkin NNS 20467 882 7 ; ; : 20467 882 8 bracts bract NNS 20467 882 9 lacerate lacerate NN 20467 882 10 - - HYPH 20467 882 11 fringed fringe VBN 20467 882 12 , , , 20467 882 13 each each DT 20467 882 14 bract bract NN 20467 882 15 subtending subtend VBG 20467 882 16 a a DT 20467 882 17 cup cup NN 20467 882 18 - - HYPH 20467 882 19 shaped shape VBN 20467 882 20 scale scale NN 20467 882 21 ; ; : 20467 882 22 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 882 23 very very RB 20467 882 24 numerous numerous JJ 20467 882 25 ; ; : 20467 882 26 anthers anther NNS 20467 882 27 longer long RBR 20467 882 28 than than IN 20467 882 29 the the DT 20467 882 30 filaments filament NNS 20467 882 31 , , , 20467 882 32 dark dark JJ 20467 882 33 red red JJ 20467 882 34 : : : 20467 882 35 fertile fertile JJ 20467 882 36 catkins catkin NNS 20467 882 37 elongating elongate VBG 20467 882 38 to to IN 20467 882 39 5 5 CD 20467 882 40 or or CC 20467 882 41 6 6 CD 20467 882 42 inches inch NNS 20467 882 43 ; ; , 20467 882 44 ovary ovary JJ 20467 882 45 ovoid ovoid NN 20467 882 46 ; ; : 20467 882 47 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 882 48 3 3 CD 20467 882 49 or or CC 20467 882 50 4 4 CD 20467 882 51 , , , 20467 882 52 nearly nearly RB 20467 882 53 sessile sessile JJ 20467 882 54 , , , 20467 882 55 spreading spread VBG 20467 882 56 . . . 20467 883 1 = = NFP 20467 883 2 Fruit.=--Capsules Fruit.=--Capsules `` 20467 883 3 ovate ovate JJ 20467 883 4 , , , 20467 883 5 rough rough JJ 20467 883 6 , , , 20467 883 7 short short RB 20467 883 8 - - HYPH 20467 883 9 stalked stalk VBN 20467 883 10 ; ; : 20467 883 11 seeds seed NNS 20467 883 12 densely densely RB 20467 883 13 cottony cottony NNP 20467 883 14 . . . 20467 884 1 = = NFP 20467 884 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 884 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 884 4 in in IN 20467 884 5 southern southern JJ 20467 884 6 - - HYPH 20467 884 7 central central JJ 20467 884 8 New New NNP 20467 884 9 England England NNP 20467 884 10 ; ; : 20467 884 11 grows grow VBZ 20467 884 12 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 884 13 in in IN 20467 884 14 almost almost RB 20467 884 15 any any DT 20467 884 16 soil soil NN 20467 884 17 and and CC 20467 884 18 is be VBZ 20467 884 19 readily readily RB 20467 884 20 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 884 21 in in IN 20467 884 22 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 884 23 . . . 20467 885 1 Where where WRB 20467 885 2 an an DT 20467 885 3 immediate immediate JJ 20467 885 4 effect effect NN 20467 885 5 is be VBZ 20467 885 6 desired desire VBN 20467 885 7 , , , 20467 885 8 the the DT 20467 885 9 cottonwood cottonwood NN 20467 885 10 serves serve VBZ 20467 885 11 the the DT 20467 885 12 purpose purpose NN 20467 885 13 excellently excellently RB 20467 885 14 and and CC 20467 885 15 frequently frequently RB 20467 885 16 makes make VBZ 20467 885 17 very very RB 20467 885 18 fine fine JJ 20467 885 19 large large JJ 20467 885 20 individual individual JJ 20467 885 21 trees tree NNS 20467 885 22 , , , 20467 885 23 but but CC 20467 885 24 the the DT 20467 885 25 wood wood NN 20467 885 26 is be VBZ 20467 885 27 soft soft JJ 20467 885 28 and and CC 20467 885 29 likely likely JJ 20467 885 30 to to TO 20467 885 31 be be VB 20467 885 32 broken break VBN 20467 885 33 by by IN 20467 885 34 wind wind NN 20467 885 35 or or CC 20467 885 36 ice ice NN 20467 885 37 . . . 20467 886 1 Usually usually RB 20467 886 2 propagated propagate VBN 20467 886 3 from from IN 20467 886 4 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 886 5 . . . 20467 887 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 887 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 887 3 : : : 20467 887 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 887 5 XVII.--Populus xvii.--populus NN 20467 887 6 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 887 7 . . . 20467 887 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 888 1 1 1 LS 20467 888 2 . . . 20467 889 1 Winter winter NN 20467 889 2 buds bud NNS 20467 889 3 . . . 20467 890 1 2 2 LS 20467 890 2 . . . 20467 891 1 Branch branch NN 20467 891 2 with with IN 20467 891 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 891 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 891 5 . . . 20467 892 1 3 3 LS 20467 892 2 . . . 20467 893 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 893 2 flower flower NN 20467 893 3 , , , 20467 893 4 back back JJ 20467 893 5 view view NN 20467 893 6 . . . 20467 894 1 4 4 LS 20467 894 2 . . . 20467 895 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 895 2 flower flower NN 20467 895 3 , , , 20467 895 4 front front JJ 20467 895 5 view view NN 20467 895 6 . . . 20467 896 1 5 5 CD 20467 896 2 . . . 20467 897 1 Scale scale NN 20467 897 2 of of IN 20467 897 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 897 4 flower flower NN 20467 897 5 . . . 20467 898 1 6 6 CD 20467 898 2 . . . 20467 899 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 899 2 flower flower NN 20467 899 3 . . . 20467 900 1 7 7 LS 20467 900 2 . . . 20467 901 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 901 2 catkin catkin JJ 20467 901 3 . . . 20467 902 1 8 8 LS 20467 902 2 . . . 20467 903 1 Branch branch NN 20467 903 2 with with IN 20467 903 3 mature mature JJ 20467 903 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 903 5 . . . 20467 904 1 9 9 CD 20467 904 2 . . . 20467 905 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 905 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 905 3 . . . 20467 906 1 = = NFP 20467 906 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 906 3 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 906 4 , , , 20467 906 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 906 6 BALSAM BALSAM NNP 20467 906 7 . . . 20467 907 1 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 907 2 . . . 20467 908 1 BALM balm NN 20467 908 2 OF of IN 20467 908 3 GILEAD GILEAD NNP 20467 908 4 . . . 20467 909 1 = = NFP 20467 909 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 909 3 and and CC 20467 909 4 Range.=--Alluvial range.=--alluvial JJ 20467 909 5 soils soil NNS 20467 909 6 ; ; : 20467 909 7 river river NN 20467 909 8 banks bank NNS 20467 909 9 , , , 20467 909 10 valleys valley NNS 20467 909 11 , , , 20467 909 12 borders border NNS 20467 909 13 of of IN 20467 909 14 swamps swamp NNS 20467 909 15 , , , 20467 909 16 woods wood NNS 20467 909 17 . . . 20467 910 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 910 2 and and CC 20467 910 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 910 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 910 5 west west NNP 20467 910 6 to to IN 20467 910 7 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 910 8 ; ; : 20467 910 9 northward northward RB 20467 910 10 to to IN 20467 910 11 the the DT 20467 910 12 coast coast NN 20467 910 13 of of IN 20467 910 14 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 910 15 and and CC 20467 910 16 along along IN 20467 910 17 the the DT 20467 910 18 Mackenzie Mackenzie NNP 20467 910 19 river river NN 20467 910 20 to to IN 20467 910 21 the the DT 20467 910 22 Arctic Arctic NNP 20467 910 23 circle circle NN 20467 910 24 . . . 20467 911 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 911 2 ; ; : 20467 911 3 New New NNP 20467 911 4 Hampshire,--Connecticut Hampshire,--Connecticut NNP 20467 911 5 river river NNP 20467 911 6 valley valley NNP 20467 911 7 , , , 20467 911 8 generally generally RB 20467 911 9 near near IN 20467 911 10 the the DT 20467 911 11 river river NN 20467 911 12 , , , 20467 911 13 becoming become VBG 20467 911 14 more more RBR 20467 911 15 plentiful plentiful JJ 20467 911 16 northward northward NN 20467 911 17 ; ; : 20467 911 18 Vermont,--frequent Vermont,--frequent NNP 20467 911 19 ; ; : 20467 911 20 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 911 21 and and CC 20467 911 22 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 911 23 Island,--not Island,--not NNP 20467 911 24 reported report VBD 20467 911 25 ; ; : 20467 911 26 Connecticut,--extending connecticut,--extende VBG 20467 911 27 along along IN 20467 911 28 the the DT 20467 911 29 Housatonic Housatonic NNP 20467 911 30 river river NN 20467 911 31 at at IN 20467 911 32 New New NNP 20467 911 33 Milford Milford NNP 20467 911 34 for for IN 20467 911 35 five five CD 20467 911 36 or or CC 20467 911 37 six six CD 20467 911 38 miles mile NNS 20467 911 39 , , , 20467 911 40 perhaps perhaps RB 20467 911 41 derived derive VBN 20467 911 42 from from IN 20467 911 43 an an DT 20467 911 44 introduced introduce VBN 20467 911 45 tree tree NN 20467 911 46 ( ( -LRB- 20467 911 47 C. C. NNP 20467 911 48 K. K. NNP 20467 911 49 Averill Averill NNP 20467 911 50 , , , 20467 911 51 _ _ NNP 20467 911 52 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 911 53 _ _ NNP 20467 911 54 , , , 20467 911 55 II II NNP 20467 911 56 , , , 20467 911 57 35 35 CD 20467 911 58 ) ) -RRB- 20467 911 59 . . . 20467 912 1 West west NN 20467 912 2 through through IN 20467 912 3 northern northern JJ 20467 912 4 New New NNP 20467 912 5 York York NNP 20467 912 6 , , , 20467 912 7 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 912 8 , , , 20467 912 9 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 912 10 , , , 20467 912 11 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 912 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 912 13 Black Black NNP 20467 912 14 Hills Hills NNP 20467 912 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 912 16 , , , 20467 912 17 Montana Montana NNP 20467 912 18 , , , 20467 912 19 beyond beyond IN 20467 912 20 the the DT 20467 912 21 Rockies Rockies NNPS 20467 912 22 to to IN 20467 912 23 the the DT 20467 912 24 Pacific Pacific NNP 20467 912 25 coast coast NN 20467 912 26 . . . 20467 913 1 = = NFP 20467 913 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 913 3 medium medium JJ 20467 913 4 - - HYPH 20467 913 5 sized sized JJ 20467 913 6 tree tree NN 20467 913 7 , , , 20467 913 8 30 30 CD 20467 913 9 - - SYM 20467 913 10 75 75 CD 20467 913 11 feet foot NNS 20467 913 12 high high JJ 20467 913 13 , , , 20467 913 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 913 15 1 1 CD 20467 913 16 - - SYM 20467 913 17 3 3 CD 20467 913 18 feet foot NNS 20467 913 19 in in IN 20467 913 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 913 21 , , , 20467 913 22 straight straight RB 20467 913 23 ; ; : 20467 913 24 branches branch NNS 20467 913 25 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 913 26 or or CC 20467 913 27 nearly nearly RB 20467 913 28 so so RB 20467 913 29 , , , 20467 913 30 slender slend JJR 20467 913 31 for for IN 20467 913 32 size size NN 20467 913 33 of of IN 20467 913 34 tree tree NN 20467 913 35 , , , 20467 913 36 short short JJ 20467 913 37 ; ; : 20467 913 38 head head VB 20467 913 39 open open JJ 20467 913 40 , , , 20467 913 41 narrow narrow JJ 20467 913 42 - - HYPH 20467 913 43 oblong oblong JJ 20467 913 44 or or CC 20467 913 45 oblong oblong JJ 20467 913 46 - - HYPH 20467 913 47 conical conical JJ 20467 913 48 ; ; : 20467 913 49 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 913 50 mostly mostly RB 20467 913 51 terete terete VBP 20467 913 52 ; ; : 20467 913 53 foliage foliage VB 20467 913 54 thin thin JJ 20467 913 55 . . . 20467 914 1 = = NFP 20467 914 2 Bark.=--In Bark.=--In NNP 20467 914 3 old old JJ 20467 914 4 trees tree NNS 20467 914 5 dark dark JJ 20467 914 6 gray gray JJ 20467 914 7 or or CC 20467 914 8 ash ash NN 20467 914 9 - - HYPH 20467 914 10 gray gray JJ 20467 914 11 , , , 20467 914 12 firm firm NN 20467 914 13 - - HYPH 20467 914 14 ridged ridge VBN 20467 914 15 , , , 20467 914 16 in in IN 20467 914 17 young young JJ 20467 914 18 trees tree NNS 20467 914 19 smooth smooth VBP 20467 914 20 ; ; : 20467 914 21 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 914 22 grayish grayish VBP 20467 914 23 ; ; : 20467 914 24 season season NN 20467 914 25 's 's POS 20467 914 26 shoots shoot NNS 20467 914 27 reddish reddish JJ 20467 914 28 or or CC 20467 914 29 greenish greenish JJ 20467 914 30 brown brown NNP 20467 914 31 , , , 20467 914 32 sparsely sparsely RB 20467 914 33 orange orange JJ 20467 914 34 - - HYPH 20467 914 35 dotted dotted JJ 20467 914 36 . . . 20467 915 1 = = NFP 20467 915 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 915 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 915 4 and and CC 20467 915 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 915 6 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 915 7 inch inch NN 20467 915 8 long long RB 20467 915 9 , , , 20467 915 10 appressed appressed JJ 20467 915 11 or or CC 20467 915 12 slightly slightly RB 20467 915 13 divergent divergent JJ 20467 915 14 , , , 20467 915 15 conical conical JJ 20467 915 16 , , , 20467 915 17 slender slender NN 20467 915 18 , , , 20467 915 19 acute acute NN 20467 915 20 , , , 20467 915 21 resin resin NN 20467 915 22 - - HYPH 20467 915 23 coated coat VBN 20467 915 24 , , , 20467 915 25 sticky sticky JJ 20467 915 26 , , , 20467 915 27 fragrant fragrant JJ 20467 915 28 when when WRB 20467 915 29 opening opening NN 20467 915 30 . . . 20467 916 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 916 2 3 3 CD 20467 916 3 - - SYM 20467 916 4 6 6 CD 20467 916 5 inches inch NNS 20467 916 6 long long JJ 20467 916 7 , , , 20467 916 8 about about RB 20467 916 9 one one CD 20467 916 10 - - HYPH 20467 916 11 half half NN 20467 916 12 as as RB 20467 916 13 wide wide JJ 20467 916 14 , , , 20467 916 15 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 916 16 when when WRB 20467 916 17 young young JJ 20467 916 18 , , , 20467 916 19 when when WRB 20467 916 20 mature mature JJ 20467 916 21 bright bright JJ 20467 916 22 green green JJ 20467 916 23 , , , 20467 916 24 whitish whitish VBP 20467 916 25 below below RB 20467 916 26 ; ; : 20467 916 27 outline outline NN 20467 916 28 ovate ovate NN 20467 916 29 - - HYPH 20467 916 30 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 916 31 or or CC 20467 916 32 ovate ovate NN 20467 916 33 , , , 20467 916 34 finely finely RB 20467 916 35 toothed toothed JJ 20467 916 36 , , , 20467 916 37 gradually gradually RB 20467 916 38 tapering taper VBG 20467 916 39 to to IN 20467 916 40 an an DT 20467 916 41 acute acute JJ 20467 916 42 or or CC 20467 916 43 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 916 44 apex apex NN 20467 916 45 ; ; , 20467 916 46 base base NN 20467 916 47 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 916 48 to to IN 20467 916 49 rounded round VBN 20467 916 50 , , , 20467 916 51 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 916 52 truncate truncate VBP 20467 916 53 or or CC 20467 916 54 heart heart NN 20467 916 55 - - HYPH 20467 916 56 shaped shape VBN 20467 916 57 ; ; : 20467 916 58 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 916 59 much much RB 20467 916 60 shorter short JJR 20467 916 61 than than IN 20467 916 62 the the DT 20467 916 63 blade blade NN 20467 916 64 , , , 20467 916 65 terete terete VBP 20467 916 66 or or CC 20467 916 67 nearly nearly RB 20467 916 68 so so RB 20467 916 69 ; ; : 20467 916 70 stipules stipule NNS 20467 916 71 soon soon RB 20467 916 72 falling fall VBG 20467 916 73 . . . 20467 917 1 The the DT 20467 917 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 917 3 of of IN 20467 917 4 var var NN 20467 917 5 . . . 20467 918 1 _ _ NNP 20467 918 2 intermedia intermedia NNP 20467 918 3 _ _ NNP 20467 918 4 are be VBP 20467 918 5 obovate obovate JJ 20467 918 6 to to IN 20467 918 7 oval oval NN 20467 918 8 ; ; : 20467 918 9 those those DT 20467 918 10 of of IN 20467 918 11 var var NN 20467 918 12 . . . 20467 919 1 _ _ NNP 20467 919 2 latifolia latifolia NNP 20467 919 3 _ _ NNP 20467 919 4 closely closely RB 20467 919 5 approach approach VBP 20467 919 6 the the DT 20467 919 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 919 8 of of IN 20467 919 9 _ _ NNP 20467 919 10 P. P. NNP 20467 920 1 candicans candicans NNPS 20467 920 2 _ _ NNP 20467 920 3 . . . 20467 921 1 = = NFP 20467 921 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 921 3 . . . 20467 922 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 922 2 3 3 CD 20467 922 3 - - SYM 20467 922 4 4 4 CD 20467 922 5 inches inch NNS 20467 922 6 long long JJ 20467 922 7 , , , 20467 922 8 fertile fertile JJ 20467 922 9 at at IN 20467 922 10 first first RB 20467 922 11 about about IN 20467 922 12 the the DT 20467 922 13 same same JJ 20467 922 14 length length NN 20467 922 15 , , , 20467 922 16 gradually gradually RB 20467 922 17 elongating elongate VBG 20467 922 18 , , , 20467 922 19 loosely loosely RB 20467 922 20 flowered flower VBN 20467 922 21 ; ; : 20467 922 22 bracts bract NNS 20467 922 23 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 922 24 and and CC 20467 922 25 rather rather RB 20467 922 26 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 922 27 cut cut JJ 20467 922 28 - - HYPH 20467 922 29 toothed toothed JJ 20467 922 30 , , , 20467 922 31 each each DT 20467 922 32 bract bract VBD 20467 922 33 subtending subtend VBG 20467 922 34 a a DT 20467 922 35 cup cup NN 20467 922 36 - - HYPH 20467 922 37 shaped shape VBN 20467 922 38 disk disk NN 20467 922 39 ; ; , 20467 922 40 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 922 41 numerous numerous JJ 20467 922 42 ; ; : 20467 922 43 anthers anther NNS 20467 922 44 red red JJ 20467 922 45 : : : 20467 922 46 ovary ovary JJ 20467 922 47 short short RB 20467 922 48 - - HYPH 20467 922 49 stalked stalked JJ 20467 922 50 ; ; : 20467 922 51 stigmas stigmas ADD 20467 922 52 two two CD 20467 922 53 , , , 20467 922 54 2-lobed 2-lobed CD 20467 922 55 , , , 20467 922 56 large large JJ 20467 922 57 , , , 20467 922 58 wavy wavy NNP 20467 922 59 - - HYPH 20467 922 60 margined margine VBN 20467 922 61 . . . 20467 923 1 = = NFP 20467 923 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 923 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 923 4 drooping drooping NN 20467 923 5 , , , 20467 923 6 4 4 CD 20467 923 7 - - SYM 20467 923 8 6 6 CD 20467 923 9 inches inch NNS 20467 923 10 long long JJ 20467 923 11 : : : 20467 923 12 capsules capsule NNS 20467 923 13 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 923 14 , , , 20467 923 15 acute acute JJ 20467 923 16 , , , 20467 923 17 longer long JJR 20467 923 18 than than IN 20467 923 19 the the DT 20467 923 20 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 923 21 , , , 20467 923 22 green green JJ 20467 923 23 : : : 20467 923 24 seeds seed NNS 20467 923 25 numerous numerous JJ 20467 923 26 , , , 20467 923 27 hairy hairy JJ 20467 923 28 . . . 20467 924 1 = = NFP 20467 924 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 924 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 924 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 924 5 New New NNP 20467 924 6 England England NNP 20467 924 7 ; ; : 20467 924 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 924 9 in in IN 20467 924 10 all all DT 20467 924 11 excepting excepting JJ 20467 924 12 very very RB 20467 924 13 wet wet JJ 20467 924 14 soils soil NNS 20467 924 15 , , , 20467 924 16 in in IN 20467 924 17 full full JJ 20467 924 18 sun sun NN 20467 924 19 or or CC 20467 924 20 light light JJ 20467 924 21 shade shade NN 20467 924 22 , , , 20467 924 23 and and CC 20467 924 24 in in IN 20467 924 25 exposed expose VBN 20467 924 26 situations situation NNS 20467 924 27 ; ; : 20467 924 28 of of IN 20467 924 29 rapid rapid JJ 20467 924 30 growth growth NN 20467 924 31 , , , 20467 924 32 but but CC 20467 924 33 subject subject JJ 20467 924 34 to to IN 20467 924 35 the the DT 20467 924 36 attacks attack NNS 20467 924 37 of of IN 20467 924 38 borers borer NNS 20467 924 39 , , , 20467 924 40 which which WDT 20467 924 41 kill kill VBP 20467 924 42 the the DT 20467 924 43 branches branch NNS 20467 924 44 and and CC 20467 924 45 make make VB 20467 924 46 the the DT 20467 924 47 head head NN 20467 924 48 unsightly unsightly RB 20467 924 49 ; ; : 20467 924 50 also also RB 20467 924 51 spreads spread VBZ 20467 924 52 from from IN 20467 924 53 the the DT 20467 924 54 roots root NNS 20467 924 55 , , , 20467 924 56 and and CC 20467 924 57 therefore therefore RB 20467 924 58 not not RB 20467 924 59 desirable desirable JJ 20467 924 60 for for IN 20467 924 61 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 924 62 plantations plantation NNS 20467 924 63 ; ; : 20467 924 64 most most RBS 20467 924 65 useful useful JJ 20467 924 66 in in IN 20467 924 67 the the DT 20467 924 68 formation formation NN 20467 924 69 of of IN 20467 924 70 shelter shelter NN 20467 924 71 - - HYPH 20467 924 72 belts belt NNS 20467 924 73 ; ; , 20467 924 74 readily readily RB 20467 924 75 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 924 76 but but CC 20467 924 77 not not RB 20467 924 78 common common JJ 20467 924 79 in in IN 20467 924 80 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 924 81 . . . 20467 925 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 925 2 from from IN 20467 925 3 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 925 4 . . . 20467 926 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 926 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 926 3 : : : 20467 926 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 926 5 XVIII.--Populus XVIII.--Populus NNP 20467 926 6 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 926 7 . . . 20467 926 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 927 1 1 1 LS 20467 927 2 . . . 20467 928 1 Branch branch NN 20467 928 2 with with IN 20467 928 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 928 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 928 5 . . . 20467 929 1 2 2 LS 20467 929 2 . . . 20467 930 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 930 2 flower flower NN 20467 930 3 , , , 20467 930 4 back back JJ 20467 930 5 view view NN 20467 930 6 . . . 20467 931 1 3 3 LS 20467 931 2 . . . 20467 932 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 932 2 flower flower NN 20467 932 3 , , , 20467 932 4 side side NN 20467 932 5 view view NN 20467 932 6 . . . 20467 933 1 4 4 LS 20467 933 2 . . . 20467 934 1 Scales scale NNS 20467 934 2 of of IN 20467 934 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 934 4 flower flower NN 20467 934 5 . . . 20467 935 1 5 5 CD 20467 935 2 . . . 20467 936 1 Branch branch NN 20467 936 2 with with IN 20467 936 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 936 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 936 5 . . . 20467 937 1 6 6 CD 20467 937 2 . . . 20467 938 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 938 2 flower flower NN 20467 938 3 . . . 20467 939 1 7 7 LS 20467 939 2 . . . 20467 940 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 940 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 940 3 , , , 20467 940 4 mature mature JJ 20467 940 5 . . . 20467 941 1 8 8 LS 20467 941 2 . . . 20467 942 1 Branch branch NN 20467 942 2 with with IN 20467 942 3 mature mature JJ 20467 942 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 942 5 . . . 20467 943 1 = = NFP 20467 943 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 943 3 candicans candican NNS 20467 943 4 , , , 20467 943 5 Ait.= Ait.= NNP 20467 943 6 _ _ NNP 20467 943 7 Populus Populus NNP 20467 943 8 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 943 9 _ _ NNP 20467 943 10 , , , 20467 943 11 var var NN 20467 943 12 . . . 20467 944 1 _ _ NNP 20467 944 2 candicans candican NNS 20467 944 3 , , , 20467 944 4 Gray Gray NNP 20467 944 5 . . . 20467 944 6 _ _ NNP 20467 944 7 BALM BALM NNP 20467 944 8 OF of IN 20467 944 9 GILEAD GILEAD NNP 20467 944 10 . . . 20467 945 1 = = NFP 20467 945 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 945 3 and and CC 20467 945 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 945 5 a a DT 20467 945 6 great great JJ 20467 945 7 variety variety NN 20467 945 8 of of IN 20467 945 9 soils soil NNS 20467 945 10 ; ; : 20467 945 11 usually usually RB 20467 945 12 in in IN 20467 945 13 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 945 14 or or CC 20467 945 15 pasture pasture NN 20467 945 16 lands land NNS 20467 945 17 in in IN 20467 945 18 the the DT 20467 945 19 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 945 20 of of IN 20467 945 21 dwellings dwelling NNS 20467 945 22 ; ; : 20467 945 23 infrequently infrequently RB 20467 945 24 found find VBD 20467 945 25 in in IN 20467 945 26 a a DT 20467 945 27 wild wild JJ 20467 945 28 state state NN 20467 945 29 . . . 20467 946 1 The the DT 20467 946 2 original original JJ 20467 946 3 site site NN 20467 946 4 of of IN 20467 946 5 this this DT 20467 946 6 tree tree NN 20467 946 7 has have VBZ 20467 946 8 not not RB 20467 946 9 been be VBN 20467 946 10 definitely definitely RB 20467 946 11 agreed agree VBN 20467 946 12 upon upon IN 20467 946 13 . . . 20467 947 1 Professor Professor NNP 20467 947 2 L. L. NNP 20467 947 3 H. H. NNP 20467 947 4 Bailey Bailey NNP 20467 947 5 reports report VBZ 20467 947 6 that that IN 20467 947 7 it -PRON- PRP 20467 947 8 is be VBZ 20467 947 9 indigenous indigenous JJ 20467 947 10 in in IN 20467 947 11 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 947 12 , , , 20467 947 13 and and CC 20467 947 14 northern northern JJ 20467 947 15 collectors collector NNS 20467 947 16 find find VBP 20467 947 17 both both DT 20467 947 18 sexes sex NNS 20467 947 19 in in IN 20467 947 20 New New NNP 20467 947 21 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 947 22 and and CC 20467 947 23 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 947 24 ; ; : 20467 947 25 while while IN 20467 947 26 in in IN 20467 947 27 central central JJ 20467 947 28 and and CC 20467 947 29 southern southern JJ 20467 947 30 New New NNP 20467 947 31 England England NNP 20467 947 32 the the DT 20467 947 33 staminate staminate NN 20467 947 34 tree tree NN 20467 947 35 is be VBZ 20467 947 36 rarely rarely RB 20467 947 37 if if IN 20467 947 38 ever ever RB 20467 947 39 seen see VBN 20467 947 40 , , , 20467 947 41 and and CC 20467 947 42 the the DT 20467 947 43 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 947 44 flowers flower NNS 20467 947 45 seldom seldom RB 20467 947 46 if if IN 20467 947 47 ever ever RB 20467 947 48 mature mature VBP 20467 947 49 perfect perfect JJ 20467 947 50 fruit fruit NN 20467 947 51 . . . 20467 948 1 The the DT 20467 948 2 evidence evidence NN 20467 948 3 seems seem VBZ 20467 948 4 to to TO 20467 948 5 indicate indicate VB 20467 948 6 a a DT 20467 948 7 narrow narrow JJ 20467 948 8 belt belt NN 20467 948 9 extending extend VBG 20467 948 10 through through IN 20467 948 11 northern northern JJ 20467 948 12 New New NNP 20467 948 13 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 948 14 , , , 20467 948 15 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 948 16 and and CC 20467 948 17 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 948 18 , , , 20467 948 19 with with IN 20467 948 20 the the DT 20467 948 21 intermediate intermediate JJ 20467 948 22 southern southern JJ 20467 948 23 sections section NNS 20467 948 24 of of IN 20467 948 25 the the DT 20467 948 26 Province Province NNP 20467 948 27 of of IN 20467 948 28 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 948 29 as as IN 20467 948 30 the the DT 20467 948 31 home home NN 20467 948 32 of of IN 20467 948 33 the the DT 20467 948 34 Balm Balm NNP 20467 948 35 of of IN 20467 948 36 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 948 37 . . . 20467 949 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 949 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 949 3 and and CC 20467 949 4 New New NNP 20467 949 5 Brunswick,--occasional brunswick,--occasional JJ 20467 949 6 ; ; : 20467 949 7 Ontario,--frequent Ontario,--frequent NNP 20467 949 8 . . . 20467 950 1 New New NNP 20467 950 2 England,--occasional England,--occasional VBD 20467 950 3 throughout throughout IN 20467 950 4 . . . 20467 951 1 South south RB 20467 951 2 to to IN 20467 951 3 New New NNP 20467 951 4 Jersey Jersey NNP 20467 951 5 ; ; : 20467 951 6 west west NN 20467 951 7 to to IN 20467 951 8 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 951 9 and and CC 20467 951 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 951 11 . . . 20467 952 1 = = NFP 20467 952 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 952 3 medium medium JJ 20467 952 4 - - HYPH 20467 952 5 sized sized JJ 20467 952 6 tree tree NN 20467 952 7 , , , 20467 952 8 40 40 CD 20467 952 9 - - SYM 20467 952 10 60 60 CD 20467 952 11 feet foot NNS 20467 952 12 high high JJ 20467 952 13 ; ; : 20467 952 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 952 15 1 1 CD 20467 952 16 - - SYM 20467 952 17 3 3 CD 20467 952 18 feet foot NNS 20467 952 19 in in IN 20467 952 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 952 21 , , , 20467 952 22 straight straight JJ 20467 952 23 or or CC 20467 952 24 inclined inclined JJ 20467 952 25 , , , 20467 952 26 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 952 27 beset beset VB 20467 952 28 with with IN 20467 952 29 a a DT 20467 952 30 few few JJ 20467 952 31 crooked crooked JJ 20467 952 32 , , , 20467 952 33 bushy bushy JJ 20467 952 34 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 952 35 ; ; : 20467 952 36 head head VB 20467 952 37 very very RB 20467 952 38 variable variable JJ 20467 952 39 in in IN 20467 952 40 shape shape NN 20467 952 41 and and CC 20467 952 42 size size NN 20467 952 43 ; ; , 20467 952 44 solitary solitary JJ 20467 952 45 in in IN 20467 952 46 open open JJ 20467 952 47 ground ground NN 20467 952 48 , , , 20467 952 49 commonly commonly RB 20467 952 50 _ _ IN 20467 952 51 broad broad RB 20467 952 52 - - HYPH 20467 952 53 based base VBN 20467 952 54 , , , 20467 952 55 spacious spacious JJ 20467 952 56 , , , 20467 952 57 and and CC 20467 952 58 pyramidal pyramidal NN 20467 952 59 _ _ NNP 20467 952 60 , , , 20467 952 61 among among IN 20467 952 62 other other JJ 20467 952 63 trees tree NNS 20467 952 64 more more RBR 20467 952 65 often often RB 20467 952 66 rather rather RB 20467 952 67 small small JJ 20467 952 68 ; ; : 20467 952 69 loosely loosely RB 20467 952 70 and and CC 20467 952 71 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 952 72 branched branch VBN 20467 952 73 , , , 20467 952 74 with with IN 20467 952 75 sparse sparse JJ 20467 952 76 , , , 20467 952 77 coarse coarse JJ 20467 952 78 , , , 20467 952 79 and and CC 20467 952 80 often often RB 20467 952 81 crooked crook VBD 20467 952 82 spray spray NN 20467 952 83 ; ; : 20467 952 84 _ _ NNP 20467 952 85 foliage foliage NN 20467 952 86 dark dark JJ 20467 952 87 green green JJ 20467 952 88 , , , 20467 952 89 handsome handsome JJ 20467 952 90 , , , 20467 952 91 and and CC 20467 952 92 abundant abundant JJ 20467 952 93 _ _ NNP 20467 952 94 ; ; : 20467 952 95 all all DT 20467 952 96 parts part NNS 20467 952 97 characterized characterize VBN 20467 952 98 by by IN 20467 952 99 a a DT 20467 952 100 strong strong JJ 20467 952 101 and and CC 20467 952 102 peculiar peculiar JJ 20467 952 103 resinous resinous JJ 20467 952 104 fragrance fragrance NN 20467 952 105 . . . 20467 953 1 A a DT 20467 953 2 single single JJ 20467 953 3 tree tree NN 20467 953 4 multiplying multiply VBG 20467 953 5 by by IN 20467 953 6 suckers sucker NNS 20467 953 7 often often RB 20467 953 8 becomes become VBZ 20467 953 9 parent parent NN 20467 953 10 of of IN 20467 953 11 a a DT 20467 953 12 grove grove NN 20467 953 13 covering cover VBG 20467 953 14 half half PDT 20467 953 15 an an DT 20467 953 16 acre acre NN 20467 953 17 , , , 20467 953 18 more more RBR 20467 953 19 or or CC 20467 953 20 less less RBR 20467 953 21 , , , 20467 953 22 made make VBN 20467 953 23 up up RP 20467 953 24 of of IN 20467 953 25 trees tree NNS 20467 953 26 of of IN 20467 953 27 all all DT 20467 953 28 ages age NNS 20467 953 29 and and CC 20467 953 30 sizes size NNS 20467 953 31 . . . 20467 954 1 = = NFP 20467 954 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 954 3 of of IN 20467 954 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 954 5 and and CC 20467 954 6 lower low JJR 20467 954 7 portions portion NNS 20467 954 8 of of IN 20467 954 9 large large JJ 20467 954 10 branches branch NNS 20467 954 11 dark dark JJ 20467 954 12 gray gray JJ 20467 954 13 , , , 20467 954 14 rough rough JJ 20467 954 15 , , , 20467 954 16 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 954 17 striate striate NN 20467 954 18 and and CC 20467 954 19 firm firm JJ 20467 954 20 in in IN 20467 954 21 old old JJ 20467 954 22 trees tree NNS 20467 954 23 ; ; : 20467 954 24 in in IN 20467 954 25 young young JJ 20467 954 26 trees tree NNS 20467 954 27 and and CC 20467 954 28 upon upon IN 20467 954 29 smaller small JJR 20467 954 30 branches branch NNS 20467 954 31 smooth smooth VBP 20467 954 32 , , , 20467 954 33 soft soft JJ 20467 954 34 grayish grayish NN 20467 954 35 - - HYPH 20467 954 36 green green JJ 20467 954 37 , , , 20467 954 38 often often RB 20467 954 39 flanged flange VBN 20467 954 40 by by IN 20467 954 41 prominent prominent JJ 20467 954 42 ridges ridge NNS 20467 954 43 running run VBG 20467 954 44 down down IN 20467 954 45 the the DT 20467 954 46 stalk stalk NN 20467 954 47 from from IN 20467 954 48 the the DT 20467 954 49 vertices vertex NNS 20467 954 50 of of IN 20467 954 51 the the DT 20467 954 52 triangular triangular JJ 20467 954 53 leaf leaf NN 20467 954 54 - - HYPH 20467 954 55 scars scar NNS 20467 954 56 ; ; : 20467 954 57 season season NN 20467 954 58 's 's POS 20467 954 59 shoots shoot NNS 20467 954 60 often often RB 20467 954 61 flanged flange VBD 20467 954 62 , , , 20467 954 63 shining shine VBG 20467 954 64 reddish reddish JJ 20467 954 65 or or CC 20467 954 66 olive olive NN 20467 954 67 green green NN 20467 954 68 , , , 20467 954 69 with with IN 20467 954 70 occasional occasional JJ 20467 954 71 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 20467 954 72 gray gray JJ 20467 954 73 lines line NNS 20467 954 74 , , , 20467 954 75 viscid viscid NNP 20467 954 76 . . . 20467 955 1 = = NFP 20467 955 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 955 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 955 4 and and CC 20467 955 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 955 6 dark dark JJ 20467 955 7 reddish reddish JJ 20467 955 8 - - HYPH 20467 955 9 brown brown JJ 20467 955 10 , , , 20467 955 11 rather rather RB 20467 955 12 closely closely RB 20467 955 13 set set VBN 20467 955 14 along along IN 20467 955 15 the the DT 20467 955 16 stalk stalk NN 20467 955 17 , , , 20467 955 18 conical conical JJ 20467 955 19 or or CC 20467 955 20 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 955 21 angled angle VBN 20467 955 22 , , , 20467 955 23 narrow narrow JJ 20467 955 24 , , , 20467 955 25 often often RB 20467 955 26 falcate falcate VBP 20467 955 27 , , , 20467 955 28 sharp sharp RB 20467 955 29 - - HYPH 20467 955 30 pointed pointed JJ 20467 955 31 , , , 20467 955 32 resinous resinous JJ 20467 955 33 throughout throughout IN 20467 955 34 , , , 20467 955 35 viscid viscid NNP 20467 955 36 , , , 20467 955 37 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 955 38 , , , 20467 955 39 exhaling exhale VBG 20467 955 40 a a DT 20467 955 41 powerful powerful JJ 20467 955 42 odor odor NN 20467 955 43 when when WRB 20467 955 44 the the DT 20467 955 45 scales scale NNS 20467 955 46 expand expand VBP 20467 955 47 , , , 20467 955 48 terminal terminal JJ 20467 955 49 about about RB 20467 955 50 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 955 51 inch inch NN 20467 955 52 long long JJ 20467 955 53 . . . 20467 956 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 956 2 4 4 CD 20467 956 3 - - SYM 20467 956 4 6 6 CD 20467 956 5 inches inch NNS 20467 956 6 long long JJ 20467 956 7 and and CC 20467 956 8 nearly nearly RB 20467 956 9 as as RB 20467 956 10 wide wide JJ 20467 956 11 , , , 20467 956 12 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 956 13 - - HYPH 20467 956 14 green green JJ 20467 956 15 at at IN 20467 956 16 first first RB 20467 956 17 , , , 20467 956 18 becoming become VBG 20467 956 19 dark dark JJ 20467 956 20 green green JJ 20467 956 21 and and CC 20467 956 22 smooth smooth JJ 20467 956 23 on on IN 20467 956 24 the the DT 20467 956 25 upper upper JJ 20467 956 26 surface surface NN 20467 956 27 with with IN 20467 956 28 the the DT 20467 956 29 exception exception NN 20467 956 30 of of IN 20467 956 31 a a DT 20467 956 32 _ _ NNP 20467 956 33 minute minute NN 20467 956 34 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 956 35 along along IN 20467 956 36 the the DT 20467 956 37 veins vein NNS 20467 956 38 _ _ NNP 20467 956 39 , , , 20467 956 40 dull dull JJ 20467 956 41 light light NN 20467 956 42 green green NN 20467 956 43 beneath beneath RB 20467 956 44 , , , 20467 956 45 finely finely RB 20467 956 46 serrate serrate VBP 20467 956 47 with with IN 20467 956 48 incurved incurve VBN 20467 956 49 glandular glandular JJ 20467 956 50 points point NNS 20467 956 51 , , , 20467 956 52 usually usually RB 20467 956 53 ciliate ciliate VBP 20467 956 54 with with IN 20467 956 55 minute minute NN 20467 956 56 stiff stiff JJ 20467 956 57 , , , 20467 956 58 whitish whitish JJ 20467 956 59 hairs hair NNS 20467 956 60 ; ; : 20467 956 61 base base NN 20467 956 62 heart heart NN 20467 956 63 - - HYPH 20467 956 64 shaped shape VBN 20467 956 65 ; ; : 20467 956 66 apex apex NNP 20467 956 67 short short RB 20467 956 68 - - HYPH 20467 956 69 pointed pointed JJ 20467 956 70 ; ; : 20467 956 71 petioles petiole NNS 20467 956 72 about about RB 20467 956 73 1 1 CD 20467 956 74 - - SYM 20467 956 75 1 1 CD 20467 956 76 - - HYPH 20467 956 77 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 956 78 inches inch NNS 20467 956 79 long long JJ 20467 956 80 , , , 20467 956 81 _ _ NNP 20467 956 82 more more RBR 20467 956 83 or or CC 20467 956 84 less less RBR 20467 956 85 hairy hairy JJ 20467 956 86 _ _ NNP 20467 956 87 , , , 20467 956 88 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 956 89 flattened flatten VBD 20467 956 90 at at IN 20467 956 91 right right JJ 20467 956 92 angles angle NNS 20467 956 93 to to IN 20467 956 94 the the DT 20467 956 95 blade blade NN 20467 956 96 ; ; : 20467 956 97 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 956 98 short short JJ 20467 956 99 , , , 20467 956 100 ovate ovate JJ 20467 956 101 , , , 20467 956 102 acute acute JJ 20467 956 103 , , , 20467 956 104 soon soon RB 20467 956 105 falling fall VBG 20467 956 106 . . . 20467 957 1 = = NFP 20467 957 2 Inflorescence.=--Similar Inflorescence.=--Similar `` 20467 957 3 to to IN 20467 957 4 that that DT 20467 957 5 of of IN 20467 957 6 _ _ NNP 20467 957 7 P. P. NNP 20467 958 1 balsamifera balsamifera NNP 20467 958 2 _ _ NNP 20467 958 3 . . . 20467 959 1 = = NFP 20467 959 2 Fruit.=--Similar fruit.=--similar IN 20467 959 3 to to IN 20467 959 4 that that DT 20467 959 5 of of IN 20467 959 6 _ _ NNP 20467 959 7 P. P. NNP 20467 960 1 balsamifera balsamifera NNP 20467 960 2 _ _ NNP 20467 960 3 . . . 20467 961 1 = = NFP 20467 961 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 961 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 961 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 961 5 New New NNP 20467 961 6 England England NNP 20467 961 7 ; ; : 20467 961 8 has have VBZ 20467 961 9 an an DT 20467 961 10 attractive attractive JJ 20467 961 11 foliage foliage NN 20467 961 12 and and CC 20467 961 13 grows grow VBZ 20467 961 14 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 961 15 in in IN 20467 961 16 all all DT 20467 961 17 soils soil NNS 20467 961 18 and and CC 20467 961 19 situations situation NNS 20467 961 20 , , , 20467 961 21 but but CC 20467 961 22 the the DT 20467 961 23 branches branch NNS 20467 961 24 are be VBP 20467 961 25 easily easily RB 20467 961 26 broken break VBN 20467 961 27 by by IN 20467 961 28 the the DT 20467 961 29 wind wind NN 20467 961 30 , , , 20467 961 31 and and CC 20467 961 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 961 33 habit habit NN 20467 961 34 of of IN 20467 961 35 suckering suckering NN 20467 961 36 makes make VBZ 20467 961 37 it -PRON- PRP 20467 961 38 objectionable objectionable JJ 20467 961 39 in in IN 20467 961 40 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 961 41 ground ground NN 20467 961 42 ; ; , 20467 961 43 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 961 44 offered offer VBN 20467 961 45 by by IN 20467 961 46 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 961 47 and and CC 20467 961 48 collectors collector NNS 20467 961 49 . . . 20467 962 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 962 2 from from IN 20467 962 3 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 962 4 . . . 20467 963 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 963 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 963 3 : : : 20467 963 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 963 5 XIX.--Populus XIX.--Populus NNP 20467 963 6 candicans candican NNS 20467 963 7 . . . 20467 963 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 964 1 1 1 LS 20467 964 2 . . . 20467 965 1 Winter winter NN 20467 965 2 bud bud NNP 20467 965 3 . . . 20467 966 1 2 2 LS 20467 966 2 . . . 20467 967 1 Branch branch NN 20467 967 2 with with IN 20467 967 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 967 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 967 5 . . . 20467 968 1 3 3 LS 20467 968 2 . . . 20467 969 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 969 2 flower flower NN 20467 969 3 . . . 20467 970 1 4 4 LS 20467 970 2 . . . 20467 971 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 971 2 branch branch NN 20467 971 3 . . . 20467 972 1 = = NFP 20467 972 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 972 3 alba alba VBZ 20467 972 4 , , , 20467 972 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 972 6 ABELE ABELE NNP 20467 972 7 . . . 20467 973 1 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 973 2 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 973 3 . . . 20467 974 1 SILVER SILVER NNP 20467 974 2 - - HYPH 20467 974 3 LEAF LEAF NNP 20467 974 4 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 974 5 . . . 20467 975 1 = = NFP 20467 975 2 Range.=--Widely range.=--widely RB 20467 975 3 distributed distribute VBN 20467 975 4 in in IN 20467 975 5 the the DT 20467 975 6 Old Old NNP 20467 975 7 World World NNP 20467 975 8 , , , 20467 975 9 extending extend VBG 20467 975 10 in in IN 20467 975 11 Europe Europe NNP 20467 975 12 from from IN 20467 975 13 southern southern JJ 20467 975 14 Sweden Sweden NNP 20467 975 15 to to IN 20467 975 16 the the DT 20467 975 17 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP 20467 975 18 , , , 20467 975 19 throughout throughout IN 20467 975 20 northern northern JJ 20467 975 21 Africa Africa NNP 20467 975 22 , , , 20467 975 23 and and CC 20467 975 24 eastward eastward RB 20467 975 25 in in IN 20467 975 26 Asia Asia NNP 20467 975 27 to to IN 20467 975 28 the the DT 20467 975 29 northwestern northwestern JJ 20467 975 30 Himalayas Himalayas NNP 20467 975 31 . . . 20467 976 1 Introduced introduce VBN 20467 976 2 from from IN 20467 976 3 England England NNP 20467 976 4 by by IN 20467 976 5 the the DT 20467 976 6 early early JJ 20467 976 7 settlers settler NNS 20467 976 8 and and CC 20467 976 9 soon soon RB 20467 976 10 established establish VBN 20467 976 11 in in IN 20467 976 12 the the DT 20467 976 13 colonial colonial JJ 20467 976 14 towns town NNS 20467 976 15 , , , 20467 976 16 as as IN 20467 976 17 in in IN 20467 976 18 Plymouth Plymouth NNP 20467 976 19 and and CC 20467 976 20 Duxbury Duxbury NNP 20467 976 21 , , , 20467 976 22 on on IN 20467 976 23 the the DT 20467 976 24 western western JJ 20467 976 25 shore shore NN 20467 976 26 of of IN 20467 976 27 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 976 28 bay bay NNP 20467 976 29 . . . 20467 977 1 Planted plant VBN 20467 977 2 or or CC 20467 977 3 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 977 4 over over IN 20467 977 5 a a DT 20467 977 6 wide wide JJ 20467 977 7 area area NN 20467 977 8 . . . 20467 978 1 New New NNP 20467 978 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 978 3 and and CC 20467 978 4 Nova Nova NNP 20467 978 5 Scotia,--occasional Scotia,--occasional NNP 20467 978 6 . . . 20467 979 1 New New NNP 20467 979 2 England,--occasional england,--occasional JJ 20467 979 3 throughout throughout IN 20467 979 4 , , , 20467 979 5 local local JJ 20467 979 6 , , , 20467 979 7 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 979 8 common common JJ 20467 979 9 . . . 20467 980 1 Southward Southward NNP 20467 980 2 to to IN 20467 980 3 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 980 4 . . . 20467 981 1 = = NFP 20467 981 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 981 3 handsome handsome JJ 20467 981 4 tree tree NN 20467 981 5 , , , 20467 981 6 resembling resemble VBG 20467 981 7 _ _ NNP 20467 981 8 P. P. NNP 20467 982 1 grandidentata grandidentata NNP 20467 982 2 _ _ NNP 20467 982 3 more more JJR 20467 982 4 than than IN 20467 982 5 any any DT 20467 982 6 other other JJ 20467 982 7 American american JJ 20467 982 8 poplar poplar NN 20467 982 9 , , , 20467 982 10 but but CC 20467 982 11 of of IN 20467 982 12 far far JJ 20467 982 13 nobler nobler NN 20467 982 14 proportions proportion NNS 20467 982 15 ; ; : 20467 982 16 40 40 CD 20467 982 17 - - SYM 20467 982 18 75 75 CD 20467 982 19 feet foot NNS 20467 982 20 high high JJ 20467 982 21 and and CC 20467 982 22 2 2 CD 20467 982 23 - - SYM 20467 982 24 4 4 CD 20467 982 25 feet foot NNS 20467 982 26 in in IN 20467 982 27 diameter diameter NN 20467 982 28 at at IN 20467 982 29 the the DT 20467 982 30 ground ground NN 20467 982 31 ; ; : 20467 982 32 growing grow VBG 20467 982 33 much much RB 20467 982 34 larger large JJR 20467 982 35 in in IN 20467 982 36 England England NNP 20467 982 37 ; ; : 20467 982 38 head head VB 20467 982 39 large large RB 20467 982 40 , , , 20467 982 41 spreading spread VBG 20467 982 42 ; ; : 20467 982 43 round round JJ 20467 982 44 - - HYPH 20467 982 45 topped top VBN 20467 982 46 , , , 20467 982 47 in in IN 20467 982 48 spring spring NN 20467 982 49 enveloped envelop VBN 20467 982 50 in in IN 20467 982 51 a a DT 20467 982 52 dazzling dazzling JJ 20467 982 53 cloud cloud NN 20467 982 54 of of IN 20467 982 55 cotton cotton NN 20467 982 56 white white NNP 20467 982 57 , , , 20467 982 58 which which WDT 20467 982 59 resolves resolve VBZ 20467 982 60 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 982 61 later later RB 20467 982 62 into into IN 20467 982 63 two two CD 20467 982 64 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 982 65 contrasting contrast VBG 20467 982 66 surfaces surface NNS 20467 982 67 of of IN 20467 982 68 dark dark JJ 20467 982 69 green green JJ 20467 982 70 and and CC 20467 982 71 silvery silvery RB 20467 982 72 white white JJ 20467 982 73 . . . 20467 983 1 = = NFP 20467 983 2 Bark.=--Light Bark.=--Light NNP 20467 983 3 gray gray NNP 20467 983 4 , , , 20467 983 5 smooth smooth JJ 20467 983 6 upon upon IN 20467 983 7 young young JJ 20467 983 8 trees tree NNS 20467 983 9 , , , 20467 983 10 in in IN 20467 983 11 old old JJ 20467 983 12 trees tree NNS 20467 983 13 furrowed furrow VBN 20467 983 14 upon upon IN 20467 983 15 the the DT 20467 983 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 983 17 . . . 20467 984 1 = = NFP 20467 984 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 984 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 984 4 and and CC 20467 984 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 984 6 not not RB 20467 984 7 viscid viscid JJ 20467 984 8 , , , 20467 984 9 cottony cottony NNP 20467 984 10 . . . 20467 985 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 985 2 1 1 CD 20467 985 3 - - SYM 20467 985 4 4 4 CD 20467 985 5 inches inch NNS 20467 985 6 long long JJ 20467 985 7 , , , 20467 985 8 densely densely RB 20467 985 9 white white JJ 20467 985 10 - - HYPH 20467 985 11 tomentose tomentose RB 20467 985 12 while while IN 20467 985 13 expanding expand VBG 20467 985 14 , , , 20467 985 15 when when WRB 20467 985 16 mature mature VBP 20467 985 17 dark dark JJ 20467 985 18 green green NN 20467 985 19 above above RB 20467 985 20 and and CC 20467 985 21 white white JJ 20467 985 22 - - HYPH 20467 985 23 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 985 24 to to IN 20467 985 25 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 985 26 beneath beneath IN 20467 985 27 ; ; : 20467 985 28 outline outline NN 20467 985 29 ovate ovate NN 20467 985 30 or or CC 20467 985 31 deltoid deltoid NN 20467 985 32 , , , 20467 985 33 3 3 CD 20467 985 34 - - SYM 20467 985 35 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 985 36 and and CC 20467 985 37 toothed toothed JJ 20467 985 38 or or CC 20467 985 39 simply simply RB 20467 985 40 toothed toothed JJ 20467 985 41 , , , 20467 985 42 teeth tooth NNS 20467 985 43 irregular irregular JJ 20467 985 44 ; ; : 20467 985 45 base base NN 20467 985 46 heart heart NN 20467 985 47 - - HYPH 20467 985 48 shaped shape VBN 20467 985 49 or or CC 20467 985 50 truncate truncate JJ 20467 985 51 ; ; : 20467 985 52 apex apex NNP 20467 985 53 acute acute JJ 20467 985 54 to to IN 20467 985 55 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 985 56 ; ; : 20467 985 57 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 985 58 long long JJ 20467 985 59 , , , 20467 985 60 slender slender NN 20467 985 61 , , , 20467 985 62 compressed compress VBN 20467 985 63 ; ; : 20467 985 64 stipules stipule NNS 20467 985 65 soon soon RB 20467 985 66 falling fall VBG 20467 985 67 . . . 20467 986 1 = = NFP 20467 986 2 Inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 986 3 and and CC 20467 986 4 Fruit.=--April Fruit.=--April -LRB- 20467 986 5 to to IN 20467 986 6 May. May NNP 20467 987 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 987 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 987 3 2 2 CD 20467 987 4 - - SYM 20467 987 5 4 4 CD 20467 987 6 inches inch NNS 20467 987 7 long long JJ 20467 987 8 , , , 20467 987 9 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 987 10 , , , 20467 987 11 fertile fertile JJ 20467 987 12 at at IN 20467 987 13 first first JJ 20467 987 14 shorter,--stamens shorter,--stamens NNP 20467 987 15 6 6 CD 20467 987 16 - - SYM 20467 987 17 16 16 CD 20467 987 18 ; ; : 20467 987 19 anthers anther NNS 20467 987 20 purple purple JJ 20467 987 21 : : : 20467 987 22 capsules capsule NNS 20467 987 23 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 987 24 inch inch NN 20467 987 25 long long JJ 20467 987 26 , , , 20467 987 27 narrow narrow JJ 20467 987 28 - - HYPH 20467 987 29 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 987 30 ; ; : 20467 987 31 seeds seed NNS 20467 987 32 hairy hairy NNP 20467 987 33 . . . 20467 988 1 = = NFP 20467 988 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 988 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 988 4 . . . 20467 989 1 Thrives thrive VBZ 20467 989 2 even even RB 20467 989 3 in in IN 20467 989 4 very very RB 20467 989 5 poor poor JJ 20467 989 6 soils soil NNS 20467 989 7 and and CC 20467 989 8 in in IN 20467 989 9 exposed expose VBN 20467 989 10 situations situation NNS 20467 989 11 ; ; , 20467 989 12 grows grow VBZ 20467 989 13 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 989 14 in in IN 20467 989 15 good good JJ 20467 989 16 soils soil NNS 20467 989 17 ; ; : 20467 989 18 of of IN 20467 989 19 distinctive distinctive JJ 20467 989 20 value value NN 20467 989 21 in in IN 20467 989 22 landscape landscape NN 20467 989 23 gardening gardening NN 20467 989 24 but but CC 20467 989 25 not not RB 20467 989 26 adapted adapt VBN 20467 989 27 for for IN 20467 989 28 planting plant VBG 20467 989 29 along along IN 20467 989 30 streets street NNS 20467 989 31 and and CC 20467 989 32 upon upon IN 20467 989 33 lawns lawn NNS 20467 989 34 of of IN 20467 989 35 limited limited JJ 20467 989 36 area area NN 20467 989 37 on on IN 20467 989 38 account account NN 20467 989 39 of of IN 20467 989 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 989 41 habit habit NN 20467 989 42 of of IN 20467 989 43 throwing throw VBG 20467 989 44 out out RP 20467 989 45 numerous numerous JJ 20467 989 46 suckers sucker NNS 20467 989 47 and and CC 20467 989 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 989 49 liability liability NN 20467 989 50 to to TO 20467 989 51 damage damage VB 20467 989 52 from from IN 20467 989 53 heavy heavy JJ 20467 989 54 winds wind NNS 20467 989 55 . . . 20467 990 1 The the DT 20467 990 2 sides side NNS 20467 990 3 of of IN 20467 990 4 country country NN 20467 990 5 roads road NNS 20467 990 6 where where WRB 20467 990 7 the the DT 20467 990 8 abele abele NNP 20467 990 9 has have VBZ 20467 990 10 been be VBN 20467 990 11 planted plant VBN 20467 990 12 are be VBP 20467 990 13 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 990 14 obstructed obstruct VBN 20467 990 15 for for IN 20467 990 16 a a DT 20467 990 17 considerable considerable JJ 20467 990 18 distance distance NN 20467 990 19 by by IN 20467 990 20 the the DT 20467 990 21 thrifty thrifty JJ 20467 990 22 shoots shoot NNS 20467 990 23 from from IN 20467 990 24 underground underground RB 20467 990 25 . . . 20467 991 1 = = NFP 20467 991 2 Salix Salix NNP 20467 991 3 discolor discolor NN 20467 991 4 . . . 20467 992 1 Muhl.= Muhl.= NNP 20467 992 2 PUSSY PUSSY NNP 20467 992 3 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 992 4 . . . 20467 993 1 GLAUCOUS GLAUCOUS NNP 20467 993 2 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 993 3 . . . 20467 994 1 = = NFP 20467 994 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 994 3 and and CC 20467 994 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 994 5 , , , 20467 994 6 wet wet JJ 20467 994 7 grounds ground NNS 20467 994 8 ; ; : 20467 994 9 banks bank NNS 20467 994 10 of of IN 20467 994 11 streams stream NNS 20467 994 12 , , , 20467 994 13 swamps swamp NNS 20467 994 14 , , , 20467 994 15 moist moist NN 20467 994 16 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 994 17 . . . 20467 995 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 995 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 995 3 to to IN 20467 995 4 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 995 5 . . . 20467 996 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 996 2 ; ; : 20467 996 3 common common JJ 20467 996 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 996 5 the the DT 20467 996 6 other other JJ 20467 996 7 New New NNP 20467 996 8 England England NNP 20467 996 9 states state NNS 20467 996 10 . . . 20467 997 1 South south JJ 20467 997 2 to to IN 20467 997 3 North North NNP 20467 997 4 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 997 5 ; ; : 20467 997 6 west west NN 20467 997 7 to to IN 20467 997 8 Illinois Illinois NNP 20467 997 9 and and CC 20467 997 10 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 997 11 . . . 20467 998 1 = = NFP 20467 998 2 Habit.=--Mostly habit.=--mostly RB 20467 998 3 a a DT 20467 998 4 tall tall JJ 20467 998 5 shrub shrub NN 20467 998 6 with with IN 20467 998 7 several several JJ 20467 998 8 stems stem NNS 20467 998 9 , , , 20467 998 10 but but CC 20467 998 11 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 998 12 assuming assume VBG 20467 998 13 a a DT 20467 998 14 tree tree NN 20467 998 15 - - HYPH 20467 998 16 like like JJ 20467 998 17 habit habit NN 20467 998 18 , , , 20467 998 19 with with IN 20467 998 20 a a DT 20467 998 21 height height NN 20467 998 22 of of IN 20467 998 23 15 15 CD 20467 998 24 - - SYM 20467 998 25 20 20 CD 20467 998 26 feet foot NNS 20467 998 27 and and CC 20467 998 28 trunk trunk NN 20467 998 29 diameter diameter NN 20467 998 30 of of IN 20467 998 31 5 5 CD 20467 998 32 - - SYM 20467 998 33 10 10 CD 20467 998 34 inches inch NNS 20467 998 35 ; ; : 20467 998 36 one one CD 20467 998 37 tree tree NN 20467 998 38 reported report VBD 20467 998 39 at at IN 20467 998 40 Laconia Laconia NNP 20467 998 41 , , , 20467 998 42 N. N. NNP 20467 998 43 H. H. NNP 20467 998 44 , , , 20467 998 45 35 35 CD 20467 998 46 feet foot NNS 20467 998 47 high high JJ 20467 998 48 ( ( -LRB- 20467 998 49 F. F. NNP 20467 998 50 W. W. NNP 20467 998 51 Batchelder Batchelder NNP 20467 998 52 ) ) -RRB- 20467 998 53 ; ; : 20467 998 54 branches branch NNS 20467 998 55 few few JJ 20467 998 56 , , , 20467 998 57 stout stout RB 20467 998 58 , , , 20467 998 59 ascending ascend VBG 20467 998 60 , , , 20467 998 61 forming form VBG 20467 998 62 a a DT 20467 998 63 very very RB 20467 998 64 open open JJ 20467 998 65 , , , 20467 998 66 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 998 67 head head NN 20467 998 68 . . . 20467 999 1 = = NFP 20467 999 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 999 3 reddish reddish JJ 20467 999 4 - - HYPH 20467 999 5 brown brown NN 20467 999 6 ; ; : 20467 999 7 branches branch NNS 20467 999 8 dark dark JJ 20467 999 9 - - HYPH 20467 999 10 colored colored JJ 20467 999 11 ; ; : 20467 999 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 999 13 light light VBP 20467 999 14 green green JJ 20467 999 15 , , , 20467 999 16 orange orange JJ 20467 999 17 - - HYPH 20467 999 18 dotted dotted JJ 20467 999 19 . . . 20467 1000 1 = = NFP 20467 1000 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1000 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1000 4 and and CC 20467 1000 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1000 6 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1000 7 - - HYPH 20467 1000 8 conical conical JJ 20467 1000 9 ; ; : 20467 1000 10 apex apex NNP 20467 1000 11 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 1000 12 to to TO 20467 1000 13 acute acute VB 20467 1000 14 . . . 20467 1001 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1001 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1001 3 , , , 20467 1001 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1001 5 , , , 20467 1001 6 2 2 CD 20467 1001 7 - - SYM 20467 1001 8 4 4 CD 20467 1001 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1001 10 long long JJ 20467 1001 11 , , , 20467 1001 12 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1001 13 and and CC 20467 1001 14 bright bright JJ 20467 1001 15 green green NN 20467 1001 16 above above RB 20467 1001 17 , , , 20467 1001 18 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1001 19 and and CC 20467 1001 20 whitish whitish VBP 20467 1001 21 beneath beneath RB 20467 1001 22 when when WRB 20467 1001 23 fully fully RB 20467 1001 24 grown grow VBN 20467 1001 25 ; ; : 20467 1001 26 outline outline NN 20467 1001 27 ovate ovate NN 20467 1001 28 - - HYPH 20467 1001 29 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1001 30 to to IN 20467 1001 31 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1001 32 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1001 33 - - HYPH 20467 1001 34 oval oval JJ 20467 1001 35 , , , 20467 1001 36 crenulate crenulate NN 20467 1001 37 - - HYPH 20467 1001 38 serrate serrate NN 20467 1001 39 to to IN 20467 1001 40 entire entire JJ 20467 1001 41 ; ; : 20467 1001 42 apex apex NNP 20467 1001 43 acute acute NNP 20467 1001 44 , , , 20467 1001 45 base base NN 20467 1001 46 acute acute NN 20467 1001 47 and and CC 20467 1001 48 entire entire JJ 20467 1001 49 ; ; : 20467 1001 50 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1001 51 short short JJ 20467 1001 52 ; ; : 20467 1001 53 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1001 54 toothed toothed JJ 20467 1001 55 or or CC 20467 1001 56 entire entire JJ 20467 1001 57 . . . 20467 1002 1 = = NFP 20467 1002 2 Inflorescence.=--March inflorescence.=--march ADD 20467 1002 3 to to IN 20467 1002 4 April April NNP 20467 1002 5 . . . 20467 1003 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1003 2 before before IN 20467 1003 3 the the DT 20467 1003 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1003 5 in in IN 20467 1003 6 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1003 7 , , , 20467 1003 8 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1003 9 and and CC 20467 1003 10 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1003 11 on on IN 20467 1003 12 separate separate JJ 20467 1003 13 plants plant NNS 20467 1003 14 , , , 20467 1003 15 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1003 16 both both DT 20467 1003 17 kinds kind NNS 20467 1003 18 on on IN 20467 1003 19 the the DT 20467 1003 20 same same JJ 20467 1003 21 plant plant NN 20467 1003 22 , , , 20467 1003 23 sessile,--sterile sessile,--sterile , 20467 1003 24 spreading spreading NN 20467 1003 25 or or CC 20467 1003 26 erect erect NN 20467 1003 27 , , , 20467 1003 28 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1003 29 - - HYPH 20467 1003 30 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1003 31 , , , 20467 1003 32 silky silky JJ 20467 1003 33 ; ; : 20467 1003 34 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1003 35 none none NN 20467 1003 36 ; ; : 20467 1003 37 petals petal NNS 20467 1003 38 none none NN 20467 1003 39 ; ; : 20467 1003 40 bracts bract NNS 20467 1003 41 entire entire JJ 20467 1003 42 , , , 20467 1003 43 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1003 44 - - HYPH 20467 1003 45 brown brown NN 20467 1003 46 turning turning NN 20467 1003 47 to to IN 20467 1003 48 black black JJ 20467 1003 49 , , , 20467 1003 50 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1003 51 to to IN 20467 1003 52 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1003 53 - - HYPH 20467 1003 54 obovate obovate RB 20467 1003 55 , , , 20467 1003 56 with with IN 20467 1003 57 long long JJ 20467 1003 58 , , , 20467 1003 59 silky silky JJ 20467 1003 60 hairs hair NNS 20467 1003 61 ; ; , 20467 1003 62 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1003 63 2 2 CD 20467 1003 64 ; ; : 20467 1003 65 filaments filament NNS 20467 1003 66 distinct distinct JJ 20467 1003 67 : : : 20467 1003 68 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1003 69 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1003 70 spreading spread VBG 20467 1003 71 ; ; : 20467 1003 72 bracts bract NNS 20467 1003 73 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1003 74 to to TO 20467 1003 75 ovate ovate VB 20467 1003 76 , , , 20467 1003 77 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1003 78 ; ; : 20467 1003 79 style style NN 20467 1003 80 short short JJ 20467 1003 81 ; ; : 20467 1003 82 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1003 83 deeply deeply RB 20467 1003 84 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1003 85 . . . 20467 1004 1 = = NFP 20467 1004 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 1004 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1004 4 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1004 5 declined decline VBD 20467 1004 6 : : : 20467 1004 7 capsules capsule NNS 20467 1004 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1004 9 - - HYPH 20467 1004 10 conical conical JJ 20467 1004 11 , , , 20467 1004 12 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 1004 13 , , , 20467 1004 14 stem stem VB 20467 1004 15 two two CD 20467 1004 16 - - HYPH 20467 1004 17 thirds third NNS 20467 1004 18 the the DT 20467 1004 19 length length NN 20467 1004 20 of of IN 20467 1004 21 the the DT 20467 1004 22 scale scale NN 20467 1004 23 : : : 20467 1004 24 seeds seed NNS 20467 1004 25 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1004 26 . . . 20467 1005 1 = = NFP 20467 1005 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1005 3 Value.=--Picturesque Value.=--Picturesque NNP 20467 1005 4 in in IN 20467 1005 5 blossom blossom NNP 20467 1005 6 and and CC 20467 1005 7 fruit fruit NN 20467 1005 8 ; ; : 20467 1005 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1005 10 value value NN 20467 1005 11 dependent dependent JJ 20467 1005 12 chiefly chiefly RB 20467 1005 13 upon upon IN 20467 1005 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1005 15 matted matted JJ 20467 1005 16 roots root NNS 20467 1005 17 for for IN 20467 1005 18 holding hold VBG 20467 1005 19 wet wet JJ 20467 1005 20 banks bank NNS 20467 1005 21 , , , 20467 1005 22 and and CC 20467 1005 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1005 24 ability ability NN 20467 1005 25 to to TO 20467 1005 26 withstand withstand VB 20467 1005 27 considerable considerable JJ 20467 1005 28 shade shade NN 20467 1005 29 . . . 20467 1006 1 Sold sell VBN 20467 1006 2 by by IN 20467 1006 3 plant plant NN 20467 1006 4 collectors collector NNS 20467 1006 5 ; ; : 20467 1006 6 easily easily RB 20467 1006 7 propagated propagate VBN 20467 1006 8 from from IN 20467 1006 9 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 1006 10 . . . 20467 1007 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1007 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1007 3 : : : 20467 1007 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1007 5 XX.--Salix XX.--Salix NNP 20467 1007 6 discolor discolor NN 20467 1007 7 . . . 20467 1007 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1008 1 1 1 LS 20467 1008 2 . . . 20467 1009 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 1009 2 - - HYPH 20467 1009 3 buds bud NNS 20467 1009 4 . . . 20467 1010 1 2 2 LS 20467 1010 2 . . . 20467 1011 1 Branch branch NN 20467 1011 2 with with IN 20467 1011 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1011 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1011 5 . . . 20467 1012 1 3 3 LS 20467 1012 2 . . . 20467 1013 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1013 2 flower flower NN 20467 1013 3 . . . 20467 1014 1 4 4 LS 20467 1014 2 . . . 20467 1015 1 Branch branch NN 20467 1015 2 with with IN 20467 1015 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1015 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1015 5 . . . 20467 1016 1 5 5 CD 20467 1016 2 . . . 20467 1017 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1017 2 flower flower NN 20467 1017 3 . . . 20467 1018 1 6 6 CD 20467 1018 2 . . . 20467 1019 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1019 2 branch branch NN 20467 1019 3 . . . 20467 1020 1 7 7 LS 20467 1020 2 . . . 20467 1021 1 Mature mature JJ 20467 1021 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1021 3 . . . 20467 1022 1 = = NFP 20467 1022 2 Salix salix NN 20467 1022 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 1022 4 , , , 20467 1022 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 1022 6 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 1022 7 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 1022 8 = = NFP 20467 1022 9 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1022 10 and and CC 20467 1022 11 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1022 12 low low JJ 20467 1022 13 grounds ground NNS 20467 1022 14 , , , 20467 1022 15 along along IN 20467 1022 16 streams stream NNS 20467 1022 17 or or CC 20467 1022 18 ponds pond NNS 20467 1022 19 , , , 20467 1022 20 river river NN 20467 1022 21 flats flat NNS 20467 1022 22 . . . 20467 1023 1 New New NNP 20467 1023 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 1023 3 to to IN 20467 1023 4 western western JJ 20467 1023 5 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1023 6 . . . 20467 1024 1 New New NNP 20467 1024 2 England,--occasional england,--occasional JJ 20467 1024 3 throughout throughout RB 20467 1024 4 , , , 20467 1024 5 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1024 6 along along IN 20467 1024 7 the the DT 20467 1024 8 larger large JJR 20467 1024 9 streams stream NNS 20467 1024 10 . . . 20467 1025 1 South south RB 20467 1025 2 to to IN 20467 1025 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1025 4 ; ; : 20467 1025 5 west west NN 20467 1025 6 to to IN 20467 1025 7 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 1025 8 , , , 20467 1025 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1025 10 , , , 20467 1025 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1025 12 , , , 20467 1025 13 Indian indian JJ 20467 1025 14 territory territory NN 20467 1025 15 , , , 20467 1025 16 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 20467 1025 17 , , , 20467 1025 18 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1025 19 , , , 20467 1025 20 southern southern JJ 20467 1025 21 California California NNP 20467 1025 22 , , , 20467 1025 23 and and CC 20467 1025 24 south south NN 20467 1025 25 into into IN 20467 1025 26 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 1025 27 . . . 20467 1026 1 = = NFP 20467 1026 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1026 3 large large JJ 20467 1026 4 shrub shrub NN 20467 1026 5 or or CC 20467 1026 6 small small JJ 20467 1026 7 tree tree NN 20467 1026 8 , , , 20467 1026 9 25 25 CD 20467 1026 10 - - SYM 20467 1026 11 40 40 CD 20467 1026 12 feet foot NNS 20467 1026 13 high high JJ 20467 1026 14 and and CC 20467 1026 15 10 10 CD 20467 1026 16 - - SYM 20467 1026 17 15 15 CD 20467 1026 18 inches inch NNS 20467 1026 19 in in IN 20467 1026 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 1026 21 diameter diameter NN 20467 1026 22 , , , 20467 1026 23 attaining attain VBG 20467 1026 24 great great JJ 20467 1026 25 size size NN 20467 1026 26 in in IN 20467 1026 27 the the DT 20467 1026 28 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1026 29 and and CC 20467 1026 30 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1026 31 valleys valley NNS 20467 1026 32 and and CC 20467 1026 33 the the DT 20467 1026 34 valley valley NN 20467 1026 35 of of IN 20467 1026 36 the the DT 20467 1026 37 lower low JJR 20467 1026 38 Colorado Colorado NNP 20467 1026 39 ; ; : 20467 1026 40 trunk trunk NN 20467 1026 41 short short NN 20467 1026 42 , , , 20467 1026 43 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 1026 44 by by IN 20467 1026 45 an an DT 20467 1026 46 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1026 47 , , , 20467 1026 48 open open JJ 20467 1026 49 , , , 20467 1026 50 often often RB 20467 1026 51 roundish roundish JJ 20467 1026 52 head head NN 20467 1026 53 , , , 20467 1026 54 with with IN 20467 1026 55 stout stout RB 20467 1026 56 , , , 20467 1026 57 spreading spread VBG 20467 1026 58 branches branch NNS 20467 1026 59 , , , 20467 1026 60 slender slender NN 20467 1026 61 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1026 62 , , , 20467 1026 63 and and CC 20467 1026 64 twigs twig VBZ 20467 1026 65 brittle brittle JJ 20467 1026 66 towards towards IN 20467 1026 67 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1026 68 base base NN 20467 1026 69 . . . 20467 1027 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1027 2 S. S. NNP 20467 1028 1 nigra nigra NNP 20467 1028 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1028 3 , , , 20467 1028 4 var var NN 20467 1028 5 . . . 20467 1029 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1029 2 falcata falcata NNP 20467 1029 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1029 4 , , , 20467 1029 5 Pursh Pursh NNP 20467 1029 6 . . NNP 20467 1029 7 , , , 20467 1029 8 covers cover VBZ 20467 1029 9 about about IN 20467 1029 10 the the DT 20467 1029 11 same same JJ 20467 1029 12 range range NN 20467 1029 13 as as IN 20467 1029 14 the the DT 20467 1029 15 type type NN 20467 1029 16 and and CC 20467 1029 17 differs differ VBZ 20467 1029 18 chiefly chiefly RB 20467 1029 19 in in IN 20467 1029 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1029 21 narrower narrow JJR 20467 1029 22 , , , 20467 1029 23 falcate falcate NN 20467 1029 24 leaves leave NNS 20467 1029 25 . . . 20467 1030 1 = = NFP 20467 1030 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1030 3 rough rough JJ 20467 1030 4 , , , 20467 1030 5 in in IN 20467 1030 6 young young JJ 20467 1030 7 trees tree NNS 20467 1030 8 light light JJ 20467 1030 9 brown brown NNP 20467 1030 10 , , , 20467 1030 11 in in IN 20467 1030 12 old old JJ 20467 1030 13 trees tree NNS 20467 1030 14 dark dark JJ 20467 1030 15 - - HYPH 20467 1030 16 colored colored JJ 20467 1030 17 or or CC 20467 1030 18 nearly nearly RB 20467 1030 19 black black JJ 20467 1030 20 , , , 20467 1030 21 deeply deeply RB 20467 1030 22 and and CC 20467 1030 23 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1030 24 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1030 25 , , , 20467 1030 26 separated separate VBN 20467 1030 27 on on IN 20467 1030 28 the the DT 20467 1030 29 surface surface NN 20467 1030 30 into into IN 20467 1030 31 thick thick JJ 20467 1030 32 , , , 20467 1030 33 plate plate NN 20467 1030 34 - - HYPH 20467 1030 35 like like JJ 20467 1030 36 scales scale NNS 20467 1030 37 ; ; : 20467 1030 38 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1030 39 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1030 40 - - HYPH 20467 1030 41 brown brown JJ 20467 1030 42 ; ; : 20467 1030 43 twigs twig VBZ 20467 1030 44 bronze bronze NN 20467 1030 45 olive olive NN 20467 1030 46 . . . 20467 1031 1 = = NFP 20467 1031 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1031 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1031 4 and and CC 20467 1031 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1031 6 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1031 7 conical conical JJ 20467 1031 8 , , , 20467 1031 9 acute acute JJ 20467 1031 10 . . . 20467 1032 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1032 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1032 3 , , , 20467 1032 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1032 5 , , , 20467 1032 6 appearing appear VBG 20467 1032 7 much much RB 20467 1032 8 later later RB 20467 1032 9 than than IN 20467 1032 10 those those DT 20467 1032 11 of of IN 20467 1032 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1032 13 S. S. NNP 20467 1033 1 discolor discolor NNP 20467 1033 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1033 3 , , , 20467 1033 4 2 2 CD 20467 1033 5 - - SYM 20467 1033 6 5 5 CD 20467 1033 7 inches inch NNS 20467 1033 8 long long JJ 20467 1033 9 , , , 20467 1033 10 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1033 11 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1033 12 on on IN 20467 1033 13 both both DT 20467 1033 14 sides side NNS 20467 1033 15 when when WRB 20467 1033 16 young young JJ 20467 1033 17 , , , 20467 1033 18 when when WRB 20467 1033 19 mature mature VBP 20467 1033 20 green green JJ 20467 1033 21 and and CC 20467 1033 22 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1033 23 above above RB 20467 1033 24 , , , 20467 1033 25 paler paler NN 20467 1033 26 and and CC 20467 1033 27 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1033 28 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1033 29 along along IN 20467 1033 30 the the DT 20467 1033 31 veins vein NNS 20467 1033 32 beneath beneath IN 20467 1033 33 ; ; : 20467 1033 34 outline outline VB 20467 1033 35 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1033 36 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1033 37 , , , 20467 1033 38 finely finely RB 20467 1033 39 serrate serrate JJ 20467 1033 40 ; ; : 20467 1033 41 apex apex NNP 20467 1033 42 acute acute NNP 20467 1033 43 or or CC 20467 1033 44 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1033 45 , , , 20467 1033 46 often often RB 20467 1033 47 curved curved JJ 20467 1033 48 ; ; : 20467 1033 49 base base NN 20467 1033 50 acutish acutish NN 20467 1033 51 to to IN 20467 1033 52 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1033 53 or or CC 20467 1033 54 slightly slightly RB 20467 1033 55 heart heart NN 20467 1033 56 - - HYPH 20467 1033 57 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1033 58 ; ; : 20467 1033 59 petiole petiole JJ 20467 1033 60 short short JJ 20467 1033 61 , , , 20467 1033 62 usually usually RB 20467 1033 63 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1033 64 ; ; : 20467 1033 65 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1033 66 large large JJ 20467 1033 67 and and CC 20467 1033 68 persistent persistent JJ 20467 1033 69 , , , 20467 1033 70 or or CC 20467 1033 71 small small JJ 20467 1033 72 and and CC 20467 1033 73 soon soon RB 20467 1033 74 falling fall VBG 20467 1033 75 . . . 20467 1034 1 = = NFP 20467 1034 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1034 3 to to IN 20467 1034 4 May. May NNP 20467 1035 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1035 2 with with IN 20467 1035 3 the the DT 20467 1035 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1035 5 from from IN 20467 1035 6 the the DT 20467 1035 7 axils axil NNS 20467 1035 8 of of IN 20467 1035 9 the the DT 20467 1035 10 short short JJ 20467 1035 11 , , , 20467 1035 12 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1035 13 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1035 14 , , , 20467 1035 15 in in IN 20467 1035 16 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1035 17 , , , 20467 1035 18 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1035 19 and and CC 20467 1035 20 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1035 21 on on IN 20467 1035 22 different different JJ 20467 1035 23 trees tree NNS 20467 1035 24 , , , 20467 1035 25 stalked,--sterile stalked,--sterile NN 20467 1035 26 spreading spread VBG 20467 1035 27 , , , 20467 1035 28 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1035 29 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1035 30 ; ; : 20467 1035 31 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1035 32 none none NN 20467 1035 33 ; ; : 20467 1035 34 corolla corolla NNP 20467 1035 35 none none NN 20467 1035 36 ; ; : 20467 1035 37 bracts bract NNS 20467 1035 38 entire entire JJ 20467 1035 39 , , , 20467 1035 40 rounded round VBD 20467 1035 41 to to IN 20467 1035 42 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1035 43 , , , 20467 1035 44 villous villous JJ 20467 1035 45 , , , 20467 1035 46 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 1035 47 ; ; , 20467 1035 48 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1035 49 about about RB 20467 1035 50 5 5 CD 20467 1035 51 : : : 20467 1035 52 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1035 53 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1035 54 spreading spread VBG 20467 1035 55 ; ; : 20467 1035 56 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1035 57 none none NN 20467 1035 58 ; ; : 20467 1035 59 corolla corolla NNP 20467 1035 60 none none NN 20467 1035 61 ; ; : 20467 1035 62 bracts bract NNS 20467 1035 63 ovate ovate VBP 20467 1035 64 to to IN 20467 1035 65 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1035 66 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1035 67 , , , 20467 1035 68 acute acute JJ 20467 1035 69 , , , 20467 1035 70 villous villous JJ 20467 1035 71 ; ; : 20467 1035 72 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1035 73 short short RB 20467 1035 74 - - HYPH 20467 1035 75 stalked stalk VBN 20467 1035 76 , , , 20467 1035 77 with with IN 20467 1035 78 two two CD 20467 1035 79 small small JJ 20467 1035 80 glands gland NNS 20467 1035 81 at at IN 20467 1035 82 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1035 83 base base NN 20467 1035 84 , , , 20467 1035 85 ovate ovate NN 20467 1035 86 - - HYPH 20467 1035 87 conical conical JJ 20467 1035 88 , , , 20467 1035 89 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1035 90 obovate obovate VB 20467 1035 91 , , , 20467 1035 92 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1035 93 ; ; : 20467 1035 94 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1035 95 2 2 CD 20467 1035 96 , , , 20467 1035 97 short short JJ 20467 1035 98 . . . 20467 1036 1 = = NFP 20467 1036 2 Fruit.=--Fertile Fruit.=--Fertile `` 20467 1036 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1036 4 drooping drooping NN 20467 1036 5 : : : 20467 1036 6 capsules capsule NNS 20467 1036 7 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1036 8 - - HYPH 20467 1036 9 conical conical JJ 20467 1036 10 , , , 20467 1036 11 short short JJ 20467 1036 12 - - HYPH 20467 1036 13 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 1036 14 , , , 20467 1036 15 minutely minutely RB 20467 1036 16 granular granular JJ 20467 1036 17 ; ; : 20467 1036 18 style style NN 20467 1036 19 very very RB 20467 1036 20 short short JJ 20467 1036 21 : : : 20467 1036 22 seeds seed NNS 20467 1036 23 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1036 24 . . . 20467 1037 1 = = NFP 20467 1037 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1037 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1037 4 in in IN 20467 1037 5 New New NNP 20467 1037 6 England England NNP 20467 1037 7 ; ; : 20467 1037 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1037 9 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 1037 10 in in IN 20467 1037 11 all all DT 20467 1037 12 soils soil NNS 20467 1037 13 , , , 20467 1037 14 particularly particularly RB 20467 1037 15 useful useful JJ 20467 1037 16 in in IN 20467 1037 17 very very RB 20467 1037 18 wet wet JJ 20467 1037 19 situations situation NNS 20467 1037 20 ; ; , 20467 1037 21 seriously seriously RB 20467 1037 22 affected affect VBN 20467 1037 23 by by IN 20467 1037 24 insects insect NNS 20467 1037 25 ; ; , 20467 1037 26 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1037 27 offered offer VBN 20467 1037 28 in in IN 20467 1037 29 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1037 30 ; ; , 20467 1037 31 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 1037 32 readily readily RB 20467 1037 33 ; ; , 20467 1037 34 propagated propagate VBN 20467 1037 35 from from IN 20467 1037 36 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 1037 37 . . . 20467 1038 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1038 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1038 3 : : : 20467 1038 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1038 5 XXI.--Salix xxi.--salix NN 20467 1038 6 nigra nigra RB 20467 1038 7 . . . 20467 1038 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1039 1 1 1 LS 20467 1039 2 . . . 20467 1040 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1040 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1040 3 . . . 20467 1041 1 2 2 LS 20467 1041 2 . . . 20467 1042 1 Branch branch NN 20467 1042 2 with with IN 20467 1042 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1042 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1042 5 . . . 20467 1043 1 3 3 LS 20467 1043 2 . . . 20467 1044 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1044 2 flower flower NN 20467 1044 3 , , , 20467 1044 4 side side NN 20467 1044 5 view view NN 20467 1044 6 . . . 20467 1045 1 4 4 LS 20467 1045 2 . . . 20467 1046 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1046 2 flower flower NN 20467 1046 3 , , , 20467 1046 4 front front JJ 20467 1046 5 view view NN 20467 1046 6 . . . 20467 1047 1 5 5 CD 20467 1047 2 . . . 20467 1048 1 Branch branch NN 20467 1048 2 with with IN 20467 1048 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1048 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1048 5 . . . 20467 1049 1 6 6 CD 20467 1049 2 . . . 20467 1050 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1050 2 flower flower NN 20467 1050 3 , , , 20467 1050 4 side side NN 20467 1050 5 view view NN 20467 1050 6 . . . 20467 1051 1 7 7 LS 20467 1051 2 . . . 20467 1052 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1052 2 flower flower NN 20467 1052 3 , , , 20467 1052 4 front front JJ 20467 1052 5 view view NN 20467 1052 6 . . . 20467 1053 1 8 8 LS 20467 1053 2 . . . 20467 1054 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1054 2 branch branch NN 20467 1054 3 . . . 20467 1055 1 9 9 CD 20467 1055 2 . . . 20467 1056 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1056 2 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 1056 3 . . . 20467 1057 1 = = NFP 20467 1057 2 Salix salix NN 20467 1057 3 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 1057 4 and and CC 20467 1057 5 Salix Salix NNP 20467 1057 6 alba.= alba.= VBD 20467 1057 7 The the DT 20467 1057 8 _ _ NNP 20467 1057 9 fragilis fragilis NNP 20467 1057 10 _ _ NNP 20467 1057 11 and and CC 20467 1057 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1057 13 alba alba VBZ 20467 1057 14 _ _ NNP 20467 1057 15 group group NN 20467 1057 16 of of IN 20467 1057 17 genus genus NNP 20467 1057 18 _ _ NNP 20467 1057 19 Salix Salix NNP 20467 1057 20 _ _ NNP 20467 1057 21 gives give VBZ 20467 1057 22 rise rise NN 20467 1057 23 to to IN 20467 1057 24 puzzling puzzle VBG 20467 1057 25 questions question NNS 20467 1057 26 of of IN 20467 1057 27 determination determination NN 20467 1057 28 and and CC 20467 1057 29 nomenclature nomenclature NN 20467 1057 30 . . . 20467 1058 1 Pure Pure NNP 20467 1058 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 3 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 1058 4 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 5 and and CC 20467 1058 6 pure pure JJ 20467 1058 7 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 8 alba alba VBZ 20467 1058 9 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 10 are be VBP 20467 1058 11 perfectly perfectly RB 20467 1058 12 distinct distinct JJ 20467 1058 13 plants plant NNS 20467 1058 14 , , , 20467 1058 15 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 16 fragilis fragilis NNP 20467 1058 17 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 18 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1058 19 , , , 20467 1058 20 locally locally RB 20467 1058 21 rather rather RB 20467 1058 22 common common JJ 20467 1058 23 , , , 20467 1058 24 and and CC 20467 1058 25 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 26 alba alba VBZ 20467 1058 27 _ _ NNP 20467 1058 28 rather rather RB 20467 1058 29 rare rare JJ 20467 1058 30 within within IN 20467 1058 31 the the DT 20467 1058 32 limits limit NNS 20467 1058 33 of of IN 20467 1058 34 the the DT 20467 1058 35 United United NNP 20467 1058 36 States States NNP 20467 1058 37 . . . 20467 1059 1 Each each DT 20467 1059 2 species species NN 20467 1059 3 has have VBZ 20467 1059 4 varieties variety NNS 20467 1059 5 ; ; : 20467 1059 6 the the DT 20467 1059 7 two two CD 20467 1059 8 species specie NNS 20467 1059 9 hybridize hybridize NN 20467 1059 10 with with IN 20467 1059 11 each each DT 20467 1059 12 other other JJ 20467 1059 13 and and CC 20467 1059 14 with with IN 20467 1059 15 native native JJ 20467 1059 16 species specie NNS 20467 1059 17 , , , 20467 1059 18 and and CC 20467 1059 19 the the DT 20467 1059 20 hybrids hybrid NNS 20467 1059 21 themselves -PRON- PRP 20467 1059 22 have have VBP 20467 1059 23 varietal varietal JJ 20467 1059 24 forms form NNS 20467 1059 25 . . . 20467 1060 1 This this DT 20467 1060 2 group group NN 20467 1060 3 affords afford VBZ 20467 1060 4 a a DT 20467 1060 5 tempting tempting JJ 20467 1060 6 field field NN 20467 1060 7 for for IN 20467 1060 8 the the DT 20467 1060 9 manufacture manufacture NN 20467 1060 10 of of IN 20467 1060 11 species specie NNS 20467 1060 12 and and CC 20467 1060 13 varieties variety NNS 20467 1060 14 , , , 20467 1060 15 about about IN 20467 1060 16 most most JJS 20467 1060 17 of of IN 20467 1060 18 which which WDT 20467 1060 19 so so RB 20467 1060 20 little little JJ 20467 1060 21 is be VBZ 20467 1060 22 known know VBN 20467 1060 23 that that IN 20467 1060 24 any any DT 20467 1060 25 attempt attempt NN 20467 1060 26 to to TO 20467 1060 27 assign assign VB 20467 1060 28 a a DT 20467 1060 29 definite definite JJ 20467 1060 30 range range NN 20467 1060 31 would would MD 20467 1060 32 be be VB 20467 1060 33 necessarily necessarily RB 20467 1060 34 imperfect imperfect JJ 20467 1060 35 and and CC 20467 1060 36 misleading misleading JJ 20467 1060 37 . . . 20467 1061 1 The the DT 20467 1061 2 range range NN 20467 1061 3 as as IN 20467 1061 4 given give VBN 20467 1061 5 below below RB 20467 1061 6 in in IN 20467 1061 7 either either DT 20467 1061 8 species specie NNS 20467 1061 9 simply simply RB 20467 1061 10 points point VBZ 20467 1061 11 out out RP 20467 1061 12 the the DT 20467 1061 13 limits limit NNS 20467 1061 14 within within IN 20467 1061 15 which which WDT 20467 1061 16 any any DT 20467 1061 17 one one CD 20467 1061 18 of of IN 20467 1061 19 the the DT 20467 1061 20 various various JJ 20467 1061 21 forms form NNS 20467 1061 22 of of IN 20467 1061 23 that that DT 20467 1061 24 species species NN 20467 1061 25 appears appear VBZ 20467 1061 26 to to TO 20467 1061 27 be be VB 20467 1061 28 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 1061 29 . . . 20467 1062 1 = = NFP 20467 1062 2 Salix salix NN 20467 1062 3 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 1062 4 , , , 20467 1062 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 1062 6 CRACK CRACK NNS 20467 1062 7 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 1062 8 . . . 20467 1063 1 BRITTLE BRITTLE NNP 20467 1063 2 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 1063 3 . . . 20467 1064 1 = = NFP 20467 1064 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1064 3 and and CC 20467 1064 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1064 5 low low JJ 20467 1064 6 land land NN 20467 1064 7 and and CC 20467 1064 8 along along IN 20467 1064 9 river river NN 20467 1064 10 banks bank NNS 20467 1064 11 . . . 20467 1065 1 Indigenous indigenous JJ 20467 1065 2 in in IN 20467 1065 3 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 1065 4 Asia Asia NNP 20467 1065 5 , , , 20467 1065 6 and and CC 20467 1065 7 in in IN 20467 1065 8 Europe Europe NNP 20467 1065 9 where where WRB 20467 1065 10 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1065 11 is be VBZ 20467 1065 12 extensively extensively RB 20467 1065 13 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 1065 14 ; ; : 20467 1065 15 introduced introduce VBN 20467 1065 16 into into IN 20467 1065 17 America America NNP 20467 1065 18 probably probably RB 20467 1065 19 from from IN 20467 1065 20 England England NNP 20467 1065 21 for for IN 20467 1065 22 use use NN 20467 1065 23 in in IN 20467 1065 24 basket basket NN 20467 1065 25 - - HYPH 20467 1065 26 making making NN 20467 1065 27 , , , 20467 1065 28 and and CC 20467 1065 29 planted plant VBN 20467 1065 30 at at IN 20467 1065 31 a a DT 20467 1065 32 very very RB 20467 1065 33 early early JJ 20467 1065 34 date date NN 20467 1065 35 in in IN 20467 1065 36 many many JJ 20467 1065 37 of of IN 20467 1065 38 the the DT 20467 1065 39 colonial colonial JJ 20467 1065 40 towns town NNS 20467 1065 41 ; ; : 20467 1065 42 now now RB 20467 1065 43 extensively extensively RB 20467 1065 44 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 1065 45 , , , 20467 1065 46 and and CC 20467 1065 47 often often RB 20467 1065 48 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 1065 49 in in IN 20467 1065 50 wet wet JJ 20467 1065 51 places place NNS 20467 1065 52 and and CC 20467 1065 53 along along IN 20467 1065 54 river river NN 20467 1065 55 banks bank NNS 20467 1065 56 , , , 20467 1065 57 throughout throughout IN 20467 1065 58 New New NNP 20467 1065 59 England England NNP 20467 1065 60 and and CC 20467 1065 61 as as IN 20467 1065 62 far far RB 20467 1065 63 south south RB 20467 1065 64 as as IN 20467 1065 65 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1065 66 . . . 20467 1066 1 = = NFP 20467 1066 2 Habit.=--Tree Habit.=--Tree NNP 20467 1066 3 often often RB 20467 1066 4 of of IN 20467 1066 5 great great JJ 20467 1066 6 size size NN 20467 1066 7 ; ; : 20467 1066 8 attaining attain VBG 20467 1066 9 a a DT 20467 1066 10 maximum maximum JJ 20467 1066 11 height height NN 20467 1066 12 of of IN 20467 1066 13 60 60 CD 20467 1066 14 - - SYM 20467 1066 15 90 90 CD 20467 1066 16 feet foot NNS 20467 1066 17 ; ; : 20467 1066 18 head head VB 20467 1066 19 open open JJ 20467 1066 20 , , , 20467 1066 21 wide wide RB 20467 1066 22 - - HYPH 20467 1066 23 spreading spreading NN 20467 1066 24 ; ; : 20467 1066 25 branches branch NNS 20467 1066 26 except except IN 20467 1066 27 the the DT 20467 1066 28 lowest low JJS 20467 1066 29 rising rise VBG 20467 1066 30 at at IN 20467 1066 31 a a DT 20467 1066 32 broad broad JJ 20467 1066 33 angle angle NN 20467 1066 34 ; ; : 20467 1066 35 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1066 36 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1066 37 or or CC 20467 1066 38 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1066 39 green green JJ 20467 1066 40 , , , 20467 1066 41 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1066 42 and and CC 20467 1066 43 polished polished JJ 20467 1066 44 , , , 20467 1066 45 very very RB 20467 1066 46 brittle brittle JJ 20467 1066 47 at at IN 20467 1066 48 the the DT 20467 1066 49 base base NN 20467 1066 50 . . . 20467 1067 1 In in IN 20467 1067 2 1890 1890 CD 20467 1067 3 there there EX 20467 1067 4 was be VBD 20467 1067 5 standing stand VBG 20467 1067 6 upon upon IN 20467 1067 7 the the DT 20467 1067 8 Groome Groome NNP 20467 1067 9 estate estate NN 20467 1067 10 , , , 20467 1067 11 Humphreys Humphreys NNP 20467 1067 12 Street Street NNP 20467 1067 13 , , , 20467 1067 14 Dorchester Dorchester NNP 20467 1067 15 , , , 20467 1067 16 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 1067 17 , , , 20467 1067 18 a a DT 20467 1067 19 willow willow NN 20467 1067 20 of of IN 20467 1067 21 this this DT 20467 1067 22 species species NN 20467 1067 23 about about RB 20467 1067 24 60 60 CD 20467 1067 25 feet foot NNS 20467 1067 26 high high JJ 20467 1067 27 , , , 20467 1067 28 28 28 CD 20467 1067 29 feet foot NNS 20467 1067 30 2 2 CD 20467 1067 31 inches inch NNS 20467 1067 32 in in IN 20467 1067 33 girth girth NN 20467 1067 34 five five CD 20467 1067 35 feet foot NNS 20467 1067 36 from from IN 20467 1067 37 the the DT 20467 1067 38 ground ground NN 20467 1067 39 , , , 20467 1067 40 with with IN 20467 1067 41 a a DT 20467 1067 42 spread spread NN 20467 1067 43 of of IN 20467 1067 44 110 110 CD 20467 1067 45 feet foot NNS 20467 1067 46 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1067 47 _ _ NNP 20467 1067 48 Typical Typical NNP 20467 1067 49 Elms Elms NNPS 20467 1067 50 and and CC 20467 1067 51 other other JJ 20467 1067 52 Trees tree NNS 20467 1067 53 of of IN 20467 1067 54 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1067 55 _ _ NNP 20467 1067 56 , , , 20467 1067 57 p. p. NN 20467 1067 58 85 85 CD 20467 1067 59 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1067 60 . . . 20467 1068 1 = = NFP 20467 1068 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1068 3 of of IN 20467 1068 4 the the DT 20467 1068 5 trunk trunk NN 20467 1068 6 gray gray NN 20467 1068 7 , , , 20467 1068 8 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1068 9 in in IN 20467 1068 10 young young JJ 20467 1068 11 trees tree NNS 20467 1068 12 , , , 20467 1068 13 in in IN 20467 1068 14 old old JJ 20467 1068 15 trees tree NNS 20467 1068 16 very very RB 20467 1068 17 rough rough JJ 20467 1068 18 , , , 20467 1068 19 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1068 20 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1068 21 , , , 20467 1068 22 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1068 23 cleaving cleave VBG 20467 1068 24 off off RP 20467 1068 25 in in IN 20467 1068 26 large large JJ 20467 1068 27 plates plate NNS 20467 1068 28 . . . 20467 1069 1 = = NFP 20467 1069 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1069 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1069 4 and and CC 20467 1069 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1069 6 about about RB 20467 1069 7 1/3 1/3 CD 20467 1069 8 inch inch NN 20467 1069 9 long long JJ 20467 1069 10 , , , 20467 1069 11 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1069 12 - - HYPH 20467 1069 13 brown brown JJ 20467 1069 14 , , , 20467 1069 15 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1069 16 - - HYPH 20467 1069 17 conical conical JJ 20467 1069 18 . . . 20467 1070 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1070 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1070 3 , , , 20467 1070 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1070 5 , , , 20467 1070 6 2 2 CD 20467 1070 7 - - SYM 20467 1070 8 6 6 CD 20467 1070 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1070 10 long long JJ 20467 1070 11 , , , 20467 1070 12 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1070 13 , , , 20467 1070 14 dark dark JJ 20467 1070 15 green green NN 20467 1070 16 and and CC 20467 1070 17 shining shine VBG 20467 1070 18 above above RB 20467 1070 19 , , , 20467 1070 20 pale pale JJ 20467 1070 21 or or CC 20467 1070 22 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 1070 23 beneath beneath NN 20467 1070 24 and and CC 20467 1070 25 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1070 26 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1070 27 when when WRB 20467 1070 28 young young JJ 20467 1070 29 ; ; : 20467 1070 30 outline outline NN 20467 1070 31 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1070 32 , , , 20467 1070 33 glandular glandular JJ 20467 1070 34 - - HYPH 20467 1070 35 serrate serrate NN 20467 1070 36 ; ; : 20467 1070 37 apex apex NNP 20467 1070 38 long long JJ 20467 1070 39 - - HYPH 20467 1070 40 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1070 41 ; ; : 20467 1070 42 tapering taper VBG 20467 1070 43 to to IN 20467 1070 44 an an DT 20467 1070 45 acute acute JJ 20467 1070 46 or or CC 20467 1070 47 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1070 48 base base NN 20467 1070 49 ; ; : 20467 1070 50 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1070 51 short short JJ 20467 1070 52 , , , 20467 1070 53 glandular glandular JJ 20467 1070 54 at at IN 20467 1070 55 the the DT 20467 1070 56 top top NN 20467 1070 57 ; ; : 20467 1070 58 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1070 59 half half JJ 20467 1070 60 - - HYPH 20467 1070 61 cordate cordate NN 20467 1070 62 when when WRB 20467 1070 63 present present JJ 20467 1070 64 , , , 20467 1070 65 soon soon RB 20467 1070 66 falling fall VBG 20467 1070 67 . . . 20467 1071 1 = = NFP 20467 1071 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1071 3 to to IN 20467 1071 4 May. May NNP 20467 1072 1 Catkins catkin NNS 20467 1072 2 appearing appear VBG 20467 1072 3 with with IN 20467 1072 4 the the DT 20467 1072 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 1072 6 , , , 20467 1072 7 spreading spread VBG 20467 1072 8 , , , 20467 1072 9 stalked,--sterile stalked,--sterile NN 20467 1072 10 1 1 CD 20467 1072 11 - - SYM 20467 1072 12 2 2 CD 20467 1072 13 inches inch NNS 20467 1072 14 long long JJ 20467 1072 15 ; ; : 20467 1072 16 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1072 17 2 2 CD 20467 1072 18 - - SYM 20467 1072 19 4 4 CD 20467 1072 20 , , , 20467 1072 21 usually usually RB 20467 1072 22 2 2 CD 20467 1072 23 ; ; : 20467 1072 24 filaments filament NNS 20467 1072 25 distinct distinct JJ 20467 1072 26 , , , 20467 1072 27 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1072 28 below below RB 20467 1072 29 ; ; : 20467 1072 30 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1072 31 abortive abortive NN 20467 1072 32 : : : 20467 1072 33 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1072 34 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1072 35 slender slender NN 20467 1072 36 ; ; : 20467 1072 37 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1072 38 nearly nearly RB 20467 1072 39 sessile sessile RB 20467 1072 40 ; ; : 20467 1072 41 capsule capsule VBP 20467 1072 42 long long JJ 20467 1072 43 - - HYPH 20467 1072 44 conical conical JJ 20467 1072 45 , , , 20467 1072 46 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1072 47 , , , 20467 1072 48 short short JJ 20467 1072 49 - - HYPH 20467 1072 50 stalked stalk VBN 20467 1072 51 . . . 20467 1073 1 = = NFP 20467 1073 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1073 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1073 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1073 5 New New NNP 20467 1073 6 England England NNP 20467 1073 7 ; ; : 20467 1073 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1073 9 best well RBS 20467 1073 10 near near IN 20467 1073 11 streams stream NNS 20467 1073 12 , , , 20467 1073 13 but but CC 20467 1073 14 adapts adapt VBZ 20467 1073 15 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 1073 16 readily readily RB 20467 1073 17 to to IN 20467 1073 18 all all DT 20467 1073 19 rich rich JJ 20467 1073 20 , , , 20467 1073 21 damp damp JJ 20467 1073 22 soils soil NNS 20467 1073 23 . . . 20467 1074 1 A a DT 20467 1074 2 handsome handsome JJ 20467 1074 3 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 1074 4 tree tree NN 20467 1074 5 when when WRB 20467 1074 6 planted plant VBD 20467 1074 7 where where WRB 20467 1074 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1074 9 roots root NNS 20467 1074 10 can can MD 20467 1074 11 find find VB 20467 1074 12 water water NN 20467 1074 13 , , , 20467 1074 14 and and CC 20467 1074 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1074 16 branches branch NNS 20467 1074 17 space space NN 20467 1074 18 for for IN 20467 1074 19 free free JJ 20467 1074 20 development development NN 20467 1074 21 . . . 20467 1075 1 Readily readily RB 20467 1075 2 propagated propagate VBN 20467 1075 3 from from IN 20467 1075 4 slips slip NNS 20467 1075 5 . . . 20467 1076 1 SALIX SALIX NNP 20467 1076 2 ALBA ALBA NNP 20467 1076 3 , , , 20467 1076 4 L. L. NNP 20467 1076 5 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1076 6 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 20467 1076 7 . . . 20467 1077 1 = = NFP 20467 1077 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1077 3 and and CC 20467 1077 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 1077 5 , , , 20467 1077 6 moist moist JJ 20467 1077 7 grounds ground NNS 20467 1077 8 ; ; : 20467 1077 9 along along IN 20467 1077 10 streams stream NNS 20467 1077 11 . . . 20467 1078 1 Probably probably RB 20467 1078 2 indigenous indigenous JJ 20467 1078 3 throughout throughout IN 20467 1078 4 Europe Europe NNP 20467 1078 5 , , , 20467 1078 6 northern northern JJ 20467 1078 7 Africa Africa NNP 20467 1078 8 , , , 20467 1078 9 and and CC 20467 1078 10 Asia Asia NNP 20467 1078 11 as as IN 20467 1078 12 far far RB 20467 1078 13 south south RB 20467 1078 14 as as IN 20467 1078 15 northwestern northwestern JJ 20467 1078 16 India India NNP 20467 1078 17 . . . 20467 1079 1 Extensively extensively RB 20467 1079 2 introduced introduce VBN 20467 1079 3 in in IN 20467 1079 4 America America NNP 20467 1079 5 , , , 20467 1079 6 and and CC 20467 1079 7 often often RB 20467 1079 8 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 1079 9 over over IN 20467 1079 10 large large JJ 20467 1079 11 areas area NNS 20467 1079 12 . . . 20467 1080 1 New New NNP 20467 1080 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 1080 3 , , , 20467 1080 4 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1080 5 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1080 6 , , , 20467 1080 7 and and CC 20467 1080 8 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1080 9 . . . 20467 1081 1 New new JJ 20467 1081 2 England,--sparingly england,--sparingly RB 20467 1081 3 throughout throughout IN 20467 1081 4 . . . 20467 1082 1 South south RB 20467 1082 2 to to IN 20467 1082 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1082 4 ; ; : 20467 1082 5 extensively extensively RB 20467 1082 6 introduced introduce VBN 20467 1082 7 in in IN 20467 1082 8 the the DT 20467 1082 9 western western JJ 20467 1082 10 states state NNS 20467 1082 11 . . . 20467 1083 1 = = NFP 20467 1083 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1083 3 large large JJ 20467 1083 4 tree tree NN 20467 1083 5 , , , 20467 1083 6 50 50 CD 20467 1083 7 - - SYM 20467 1083 8 80 80 CD 20467 1083 9 feet foot NNS 20467 1083 10 in in IN 20467 1083 11 height height NN 20467 1083 12 ; ; : 20467 1083 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 1083 14 usually usually RB 20467 1083 15 rather rather RB 20467 1083 16 short short JJ 20467 1083 17 and and CC 20467 1083 18 2 2 CD 20467 1083 19 - - SYM 20467 1083 20 7 7 CD 20467 1083 21 feet foot NNS 20467 1083 22 in in IN 20467 1083 23 diameter diameter NN 20467 1083 24 ; ; : 20467 1083 25 head head VB 20467 1083 26 large large JJ 20467 1083 27 , , , 20467 1083 28 not not RB 20467 1083 29 as as RB 20467 1083 30 broad broad RB 20467 1083 31 - - HYPH 20467 1083 32 spreading spreading NN 20467 1083 33 as as IN 20467 1083 34 that that DT 20467 1083 35 of of IN 20467 1083 36 _ _ NNP 20467 1083 37 S. S. NNP 20467 1084 1 fragilis fragilis NNP 20467 1084 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1084 3 ; ; : 20467 1084 4 branches branch NNS 20467 1084 5 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1084 6 , , , 20467 1084 7 mostly mostly RB 20467 1084 8 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1084 9 . . . 20467 1085 1 = = NFP 20467 1085 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1085 3 of of IN 20467 1085 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1085 5 in in IN 20467 1085 6 old old JJ 20467 1085 7 trees tree NNS 20467 1085 8 gray gray JJ 20467 1085 9 and and CC 20467 1085 10 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1085 11 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1085 12 , , , 20467 1085 13 in in IN 20467 1085 14 young young JJ 20467 1085 15 trees tree NNS 20467 1085 16 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1085 17 ; ; : 20467 1085 18 twigs twig VBZ 20467 1085 19 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1085 20 , , , 20467 1085 21 olive olive JJ 20467 1085 22 . . . 20467 1086 1 = = NFP 20467 1086 2 Leaves.=--Leaves Leaves.=--Leaves `` 20467 1086 3 simple simple JJ 20467 1086 4 , , , 20467 1086 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1086 6 , , , 20467 1086 7 2 2 CD 20467 1086 8 - - SYM 20467 1086 9 4 4 CD 20467 1086 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1086 11 long long JJ 20467 1086 12 , , , 20467 1086 13 _ _ NNP 20467 1086 14 silky silky JJ 20467 1086 15 - - HYPH 20467 1086 16 hairy hairy NN 20467 1086 17 on on IN 20467 1086 18 both both DT 20467 1086 19 sides side NNS 20467 1086 20 when when WRB 20467 1086 21 young young JJ 20467 1086 22 , , , 20467 1086 23 when when WRB 20467 1086 24 old old JJ 20467 1086 25 still still RB 20467 1086 26 retaining retain VBG 20467 1086 27 more more RBR 20467 1086 28 or or CC 20467 1086 29 less less JJR 20467 1086 30 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 1086 31 , , , 20467 1086 32 especially especially RB 20467 1086 33 on on IN 20467 1086 34 the the DT 20467 1086 35 paler paler NN 20467 1086 36 under under IN 20467 1086 37 surface surface NN 20467 1086 38 _ _ NNP 20467 1086 39 ; ; : 20467 1086 40 outline outline NN 20467 1086 41 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1086 42 lanceolate lanceolate JJ 20467 1086 43 or or CC 20467 1086 44 elliptic elliptic JJ 20467 1086 45 - - HYPH 20467 1086 46 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1086 47 , , , 20467 1086 48 glandular glandular JJ 20467 1086 49 - - HYPH 20467 1086 50 serrate serrate NN 20467 1086 51 , , , 20467 1086 52 tapering taper VBG 20467 1086 53 to to IN 20467 1086 54 a a DT 20467 1086 55 long long RB 20467 1086 56 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1086 57 apex apex NN 20467 1086 58 and and CC 20467 1086 59 to to IN 20467 1086 60 an an DT 20467 1086 61 acute acute JJ 20467 1086 62 base base NN 20467 1086 63 ; ; : 20467 1086 64 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1086 65 short short JJ 20467 1086 66 , , , 20467 1086 67 usually usually RB 20467 1086 68 without without IN 20467 1086 69 glands gland NNS 20467 1086 70 ; ; : 20467 1086 71 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1086 72 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1086 73 - - HYPH 20467 1086 74 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1086 75 , , , 20467 1086 76 soon soon RB 20467 1086 77 falling fall VBG 20467 1086 78 . . . 20467 1087 1 = = NFP 20467 1087 2 Note.=--Var note.=--var XX 20467 1087 3 . . . 20467 1088 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1088 2 vitellina vitellina NNP 20467 1088 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1088 4 , , , 20467 1088 5 Koch Koch NNP 20467 1088 6 . . . 20467 1088 7 , , , 20467 1088 8 by by IN 20467 1088 9 far far RB 20467 1088 10 the the DT 20467 1088 11 most most RBS 20467 1088 12 common common JJ 20467 1088 13 form form NN 20467 1088 14 of of IN 20467 1088 15 this this DT 20467 1088 16 willow willow NN 20467 1088 17 ; ; : 20467 1088 18 mature mature JJ 20467 1088 19 leaves leave VBZ 20467 1088 20 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1088 21 above above RB 20467 1088 22 ; ; , 20467 1088 23 twigs twig NNS 20467 1088 24 _ _ NNP 20467 1088 25 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1088 26 _ _ NNP 20467 1088 27 . . . 20467 1089 1 Var Var NNP 20467 1089 2 . . . 20467 1090 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1090 2 cærulea cærulea NNP 20467 1090 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1090 4 , , , 20467 1090 5 Koch Koch NNP 20467 1090 6 . . . 20467 1091 1 ; ; : 20467 1091 2 mature mature JJ 20467 1091 3 leaves leave VBZ 20467 1091 4 bluish bluish JJ 20467 1091 5 - - HYPH 20467 1091 6 green green JJ 20467 1091 7 , , , 20467 1091 8 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1091 9 above above RB 20467 1091 10 , , , 20467 1091 11 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 1091 12 beneath beneath NN 20467 1091 13 ; ; , 20467 1091 14 twigs twigs NNP 20467 1091 15 _ _ NNP 20467 1091 16 olive olive NN 20467 1091 17 _ _ NNP 20467 1091 18 . . . 20467 1092 1 = = NFP 20467 1092 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1092 3 to to IN 20467 1092 4 May. May NNP 20467 1093 1 Catkins catkin NNS 20467 1093 2 appearing appear VBG 20467 1093 3 with with IN 20467 1093 4 the the DT 20467 1093 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 1093 6 , , , 20467 1093 7 slender slender NN 20467 1093 8 , , , 20467 1093 9 erect erect NN 20467 1093 10 , , , 20467 1093 11 stalked stalk VBD 20467 1093 12 ; ; : 20467 1093 13 scales scales NNP 20467 1093 14 linear linear JJ 20467 1093 15 ; ; : 20467 1093 16 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1093 17 2 2 CD 20467 1093 18 ; ; : 20467 1093 19 filaments filament NNS 20467 1093 20 distinct distinct JJ 20467 1093 21 , , , 20467 1093 22 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1093 23 below below IN 20467 1093 24 the the DT 20467 1093 25 middle middle NN 20467 1093 26 ; ; : 20467 1093 27 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1093 28 nearly nearly RB 20467 1093 29 sessile sessile NNP 20467 1093 30 , , , 20467 1093 31 deeply deeply RB 20467 1093 32 cleft cleft JJ 20467 1093 33 ; ; : 20467 1093 34 capsule capsule VB 20467 1093 35 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1093 36 , , , 20467 1093 37 sessile sessile JJ 20467 1093 38 or or CC 20467 1093 39 nearly nearly RB 20467 1093 40 so so RB 20467 1093 41 . . . 20467 1094 1 = = NFP 20467 1094 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1094 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1094 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1094 5 New New NNP 20467 1094 6 England England NNP 20467 1094 7 ; ; : 20467 1094 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1094 9 best well RBS 20467 1094 10 in in IN 20467 1094 11 moist moist JJ 20467 1094 12 localities locality NNS 20467 1094 13 ; ; : 20467 1094 14 extensively extensively RB 20467 1094 15 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 1094 16 to to TO 20467 1094 17 bind bind VB 20467 1094 18 the the DT 20467 1094 19 soil soil NN 20467 1094 20 along along IN 20467 1094 21 the the DT 20467 1094 22 banks bank NNS 20467 1094 23 of of IN 20467 1094 24 streams stream NNS 20467 1094 25 . . . 20467 1095 1 Easily easily RB 20467 1095 2 propagated propagate VBN 20467 1095 3 from from IN 20467 1095 4 slips slip NNS 20467 1095 5 . . . 20467 1096 1 JUGLANDACEÆ JUGLANDACEÆ NNP 20467 1096 2 . . . 20467 1097 1 WALNUT WALNUT NNP 20467 1097 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 1097 3 . . . 20467 1098 1 = = NFP 20467 1098 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 1098 3 cinerea cinerea NNP 20467 1098 4 , , , 20467 1098 5 L.= l.= VBP 20467 1098 6 BUTTERNUT BUTTERNUT NNP 20467 1098 7 . . . 20467 1099 1 OILNUT OILNUT NNS 20467 1099 2 . . . 20467 1100 1 LEMON LEMON NNP 20467 1100 2 WALNUT WALNUT NNP 20467 1100 3 . . . 20467 1101 1 = = NFP 20467 1101 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1101 3 and and CC 20467 1101 4 Range.=--Roadsides range.=--roadside NNS 20467 1101 5 , , , 20467 1101 6 rich rich JJ 20467 1101 7 woods wood NNS 20467 1101 8 , , , 20467 1101 9 river river NN 20467 1101 10 valleys valley NNS 20467 1101 11 , , , 20467 1101 12 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1101 13 , , , 20467 1101 14 moist moist JJ 20467 1101 15 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 1101 16 , , , 20467 1101 17 high high JJ 20467 1101 18 up up RB 20467 1101 19 on on IN 20467 1101 20 mountain mountain NN 20467 1101 21 slopes slope NNS 20467 1101 22 . . . 20467 1102 1 New New NNP 20467 1102 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 1102 3 , , , 20467 1102 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1102 5 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 1102 6 and and CC 20467 1102 7 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1102 8 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1102 9 . . . 20467 1103 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 1103 2 , , , 20467 1103 3 often often RB 20467 1103 4 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1103 5 ; ; : 20467 1103 6 New New NNP 20467 1103 7 Hampshire,--throughout Hampshire,--throughout NNP 20467 1103 8 the the DT 20467 1103 9 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1103 10 valley valley NN 20467 1103 11 , , , 20467 1103 12 and and CC 20467 1103 13 along along IN 20467 1103 14 the the DT 20467 1103 15 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 1103 16 and and CC 20467 1103 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1103 18 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 1103 19 , , , 20467 1103 20 to to IN 20467 1103 21 the the DT 20467 1103 22 base base NN 20467 1103 23 of of IN 20467 1103 24 the the DT 20467 1103 25 White white JJ 20467 1103 26 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1103 27 ; ; : 20467 1103 28 Vermont,--frequent vermont,--frequent NN 20467 1103 29 ; ; : 20467 1103 30 Massachusetts,--common Massachusetts,--common NNP 20467 1103 31 in in IN 20467 1103 32 the the DT 20467 1103 33 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1103 34 and and CC 20467 1103 35 central central JJ 20467 1103 36 portions portion NNS 20467 1103 37 , , , 20467 1103 38 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1103 39 westward westward RB 20467 1103 40 ; ; : 20467 1103 41 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1103 42 Island Island NNP 20467 1103 43 and and CC 20467 1103 44 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1103 45 . . . 20467 1104 1 South South NNP 20467 1104 2 to to IN 20467 1104 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1104 4 , , , 20467 1104 5 along along IN 20467 1104 6 the the DT 20467 1104 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1104 8 to to IN 20467 1104 9 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 1104 10 and and CC 20467 1104 11 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 1104 12 ; ; : 20467 1104 13 west west NN 20467 1104 14 to to IN 20467 1104 15 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1104 16 , , , 20467 1104 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1104 18 , , , 20467 1104 19 and and CC 20467 1104 20 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 1104 21 . . . 20467 1105 1 = = NFP 20467 1105 2 Habit.=--Usually habit.=--usually RB 20467 1105 3 a a DT 20467 1105 4 medium medium JJ 20467 1105 5 - - HYPH 20467 1105 6 sized sized JJ 20467 1105 7 tree tree NN 20467 1105 8 , , , 20467 1105 9 20 20 CD 20467 1105 10 - - SYM 20467 1105 11 45 45 CD 20467 1105 12 feet foot NNS 20467 1105 13 in in IN 20467 1105 14 height height NN 20467 1105 15 , , , 20467 1105 16 with with IN 20467 1105 17 a a DT 20467 1105 18 disproportionately disproportionately RB 20467 1105 19 large large JJ 20467 1105 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 1105 21 , , , 20467 1105 22 1 1 CD 20467 1105 23 - - SYM 20467 1105 24 4 4 CD 20467 1105 25 feet foot NNS 20467 1105 26 in in IN 20467 1105 27 diameter diameter NN 20467 1105 28 ; ; : 20467 1105 29 often often RB 20467 1105 30 attaining attain VBG 20467 1105 31 under under IN 20467 1105 32 favorable favorable JJ 20467 1105 33 conditions condition NNS 20467 1105 34 much much RB 20467 1105 35 greater great JJR 20467 1105 36 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1105 37 . . . 20467 1106 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 1106 2 ramifies ramify VBZ 20467 1106 3 at at IN 20467 1106 4 a a DT 20467 1106 5 few few JJ 20467 1106 6 feet foot NNS 20467 1106 7 from from IN 20467 1106 8 the the DT 20467 1106 9 ground ground NN 20467 1106 10 and and CC 20467 1106 11 throws throw NNS 20467 1106 12 out out RP 20467 1106 13 long long RB 20467 1106 14 , , , 20467 1106 15 rather rather RB 20467 1106 16 stout stout RB 20467 1106 17 , , , 20467 1106 18 and and CC 20467 1106 19 nearly nearly RB 20467 1106 20 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1106 21 branches branch NNS 20467 1106 22 , , , 20467 1106 23 the the DT 20467 1106 24 lower lower RBR 20467 1106 25 slightly slightly RB 20467 1106 26 drooping droop VBG 20467 1106 27 , , , 20467 1106 28 forming form VBG 20467 1106 29 for for IN 20467 1106 30 the the DT 20467 1106 31 height height NN 20467 1106 32 of of IN 20467 1106 33 the the DT 20467 1106 34 tree tree NN 20467 1106 35 a a DT 20467 1106 36 very very RB 20467 1106 37 wide wide RB 20467 1106 38 - - HYPH 20467 1106 39 spreading spread VBG 20467 1106 40 head head NN 20467 1106 41 , , , 20467 1106 42 with with IN 20467 1106 43 a a DT 20467 1106 44 stout stout NN 20467 1106 45 and and CC 20467 1106 46 stiffish stiffish JJ 20467 1106 47 spray spray NN 20467 1106 48 . . . 20467 1107 1 At at IN 20467 1107 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1107 3 best good JJS 20467 1107 4 the the DT 20467 1107 5 butternut butternut NN 20467 1107 6 is be VBZ 20467 1107 7 a a DT 20467 1107 8 picturesque picturesque NN 20467 1107 9 and and CC 20467 1107 10 even even RB 20467 1107 11 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 1107 12 tree tree NN 20467 1107 13 . . . 20467 1108 1 = = NFP 20467 1108 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1108 3 of of IN 20467 1108 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1108 5 dark dark JJ 20467 1108 6 gray gray NNP 20467 1108 7 , , , 20467 1108 8 rough rough JJ 20467 1108 9 , , , 20467 1108 10 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1108 11 - - HYPH 20467 1108 12 ridged ridged JJ 20467 1108 13 and and CC 20467 1108 14 wide wide RB 20467 1108 15 - - HYPH 20467 1108 16 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1108 17 in in IN 20467 1108 18 old old JJ 20467 1108 19 trees tree NNS 20467 1108 20 , , , 20467 1108 21 in in IN 20467 1108 22 young young JJ 20467 1108 23 trees tree NNS 20467 1108 24 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1108 25 , , , 20467 1108 26 dark dark JJ 20467 1108 27 gray gray NN 20467 1108 28 ; ; : 20467 1108 29 branchlets branchlets NNPS 20467 1108 30 brown brown NNP 20467 1108 31 gray gray NNP 20467 1108 32 , , , 20467 1108 33 with with IN 20467 1108 34 gray gray JJ 20467 1108 35 dots dot NNS 20467 1108 36 and and CC 20467 1108 37 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1108 38 leaf leaf NN 20467 1108 39 - - HYPH 20467 1108 40 scars scar NNS 20467 1108 41 ; ; : 20467 1108 42 season season NN 20467 1108 43 's 's POS 20467 1108 44 shoots shoots NNP 20467 1108 45 greenish greenish JJ 20467 1108 46 - - HYPH 20467 1108 47 gray gray JJ 20467 1108 48 , , , 20467 1108 49 faint faint JJ 20467 1108 50 - - HYPH 20467 1108 51 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1108 52 , , , 20467 1108 53 with with IN 20467 1108 54 a a DT 20467 1108 55 clammy clammy JJ 20467 1108 56 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 1108 57 . . . 20467 1109 1 The the DT 20467 1109 2 bruised bruise VBN 20467 1109 3 bark bark NN 20467 1109 4 of of IN 20467 1109 5 the the DT 20467 1109 6 nut nut NNP 20467 1109 7 stains stain VBZ 20467 1109 8 the the DT 20467 1109 9 skin skin NN 20467 1109 10 yellow yellow NN 20467 1109 11 . . . 20467 1110 1 = = NFP 20467 1110 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1110 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1110 4 and and CC 20467 1110 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1110 6 flattish flattish JJ 20467 1110 7 or or CC 20467 1110 8 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1110 9 - - HYPH 20467 1110 10 conical conical JJ 20467 1110 11 , , , 20467 1110 12 few few JJ 20467 1110 13 - - HYPH 20467 1110 14 scaled scale VBN 20467 1110 15 , , , 20467 1110 16 2 2 CD 20467 1110 17 - - SYM 20467 1110 18 4 4 CD 20467 1110 19 buds bud NNS 20467 1110 20 often often RB 20467 1110 21 superposed superpose VBN 20467 1110 22 , , , 20467 1110 23 the the DT 20467 1110 24 uppermost uppermost RBS 20467 1110 25 largest large JJS 20467 1110 26 and and CC 20467 1110 27 far far RB 20467 1110 28 above above IN 20467 1110 29 the the DT 20467 1110 30 axil axil NNS 20467 1110 31 . . . 20467 1111 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1111 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 1111 3 compound compound VBP 20467 1111 4 , , , 20467 1111 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1111 6 , , , 20467 1111 7 1 1 CD 20467 1111 8 - - SYM 20467 1111 9 1 1 CD 20467 1111 10 - - HYPH 20467 1111 11 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1111 12 feet foot NNS 20467 1111 13 long long JJ 20467 1111 14 , , , 20467 1111 15 viscid viscid NN 20467 1111 16 - - HYPH 20467 1111 17 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1111 18 throughout throughout IN 20467 1111 19 , , , 20467 1111 20 at at IN 20467 1111 21 least least JJS 20467 1111 22 when when WRB 20467 1111 23 young young JJ 20467 1111 24 ; ; : 20467 1111 25 rachis rachis NN 20467 1111 26 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 1111 27 at at IN 20467 1111 28 base base NN 20467 1111 29 ; ; : 20467 1111 30 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1111 31 none none NN 20467 1111 32 ; ; : 20467 1111 33 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 1111 34 9 9 CD 20467 1111 35 - - SYM 20467 1111 36 17 17 CD 20467 1111 37 , , , 20467 1111 38 2 2 CD 20467 1111 39 - - SYM 20467 1111 40 4 4 CD 20467 1111 41 inches inch NNS 20467 1111 42 long long JJ 20467 1111 43 , , , 20467 1111 44 about about RB 20467 1111 45 half half NN 20467 1111 46 as as RB 20467 1111 47 wide wide JJ 20467 1111 48 , , , 20467 1111 49 upper upper JJ 20467 1111 50 surface surface NN 20467 1111 51 rough rough JJ 20467 1111 52 , , , 20467 1111 53 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1111 54 when when WRB 20467 1111 55 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 1111 56 in in IN 20467 1111 57 spring spring NN 20467 1111 58 , , , 20467 1111 59 becoming become VBG 20467 1111 60 a a DT 20467 1111 61 dark dark JJ 20467 1111 62 green green NN 20467 1111 63 , , , 20467 1111 64 lighter light JJR 20467 1111 65 beneath beneath RB 20467 1111 66 , , , 20467 1111 67 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1111 68 in in IN 20467 1111 69 autumn autumn NN 20467 1111 70 ; ; : 20467 1111 71 outline outline VB 20467 1111 72 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1111 73 - - HYPH 20467 1111 74 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1111 75 , , , 20467 1111 76 serrate serrate NN 20467 1111 77 ; ; : 20467 1111 78 veins vein NNS 20467 1111 79 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1111 80 beneath beneath NNP 20467 1111 81 ; ; : 20467 1111 82 apex apex NNP 20467 1111 83 acute acute JJ 20467 1111 84 to to TO 20467 1111 85 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 1111 86 ; ; : 20467 1111 87 base base NN 20467 1111 88 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1111 89 to to IN 20467 1111 90 rounded round VBN 20467 1111 91 , , , 20467 1111 92 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1111 93 inequilateral inequilateral JJ 20467 1111 94 , , , 20467 1111 95 sessile sessile JJ 20467 1111 96 , , , 20467 1111 97 except except IN 20467 1111 98 the the DT 20467 1111 99 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1111 100 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1111 101 ; ; , 20467 1111 102 stipels stipel VBZ 20467 1111 103 none none NN 20467 1111 104 . . . 20467 1112 1 = = NFP 20467 1112 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1112 3 . . . 20467 1113 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1113 2 while while IN 20467 1113 3 the the DT 20467 1113 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1113 5 are be VBP 20467 1113 6 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 1113 7 , , , 20467 1113 8 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1113 9 and and CC 20467 1113 10 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1113 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 1113 12 on on IN 20467 1113 13 the the DT 20467 1113 14 same same JJ 20467 1113 15 tree,--the tree,--the DT 20467 1113 16 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1113 17 from from IN 20467 1113 18 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1113 19 or or CC 20467 1113 20 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1113 21 buds bud NNS 20467 1113 22 of of IN 20467 1113 23 the the DT 20467 1113 24 preceding precede VBG 20467 1113 25 season season NN 20467 1113 26 , , , 20467 1113 27 in in IN 20467 1113 28 single single JJ 20467 1113 29 , , , 20467 1113 30 unbranched unbranched JJ 20467 1113 31 , , , 20467 1113 32 stout stout RB 20467 1113 33 , , , 20467 1113 34 green green JJ 20467 1113 35 , , , 20467 1113 36 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1113 37 , , , 20467 1113 38 drooping droop VBG 20467 1113 39 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1113 40 3 3 CD 20467 1113 41 - - SYM 20467 1113 42 6 6 CD 20467 1113 43 inches inch NNS 20467 1113 44 long long JJ 20467 1113 45 ; ; : 20467 1113 46 calyx calyx NN 20467 1113 47 irregular irregular NN 20467 1113 48 , , , 20467 1113 49 mostly mostly RB 20467 1113 50 6-lobed 6-lobed CD 20467 1113 51 , , , 20467 1113 52 borne bear VBN 20467 1113 53 on on IN 20467 1113 54 an an DT 20467 1113 55 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1113 56 scale scale NN 20467 1113 57 ; ; : 20467 1113 58 corolla corolla NN 20467 1113 59 none none NN 20467 1113 60 ; ; : 20467 1113 61 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1113 62 8 8 CD 20467 1113 63 - - SYM 20467 1113 64 12 12 CD 20467 1113 65 , , , 20467 1113 66 with with IN 20467 1113 67 brown brown JJ 20467 1113 68 anthers anther NNS 20467 1113 69 : : : 20467 1113 70 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1113 71 flowers flower NNS 20467 1113 72 sessile sessile NN 20467 1113 73 , , , 20467 1113 74 solitary solitary JJ 20467 1113 75 , , , 20467 1113 76 or or CC 20467 1113 77 several several JJ 20467 1113 78 on on IN 20467 1113 79 a a DT 20467 1113 80 common common JJ 20467 1113 81 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1113 82 from from IN 20467 1113 83 the the DT 20467 1113 84 season season NN 20467 1113 85 's 's POS 20467 1113 86 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1113 87 ; ; : 20467 1113 88 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1113 89 hairy hairy NNP 20467 1113 90 , , , 20467 1113 91 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1113 92 , , , 20467 1113 93 with with IN 20467 1113 94 4 4 CD 20467 1113 95 small small JJ 20467 1113 96 petals petal NNS 20467 1113 97 at at IN 20467 1113 98 the the DT 20467 1113 99 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1113 100 ; ; : 20467 1113 101 styles style NNS 20467 1113 102 2 2 CD 20467 1113 103 , , , 20467 1113 104 short short JJ 20467 1113 105 ; ; : 20467 1113 106 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1113 107 2 2 CD 20467 1113 108 , , , 20467 1113 109 large large JJ 20467 1113 110 , , , 20467 1113 111 feathery feathery NN 20467 1113 112 , , , 20467 1113 113 diverging diverging NN 20467 1113 114 , , , 20467 1113 115 rose rise VBD 20467 1113 116 red red JJ 20467 1113 117 . . . 20467 1114 1 = = NFP 20467 1114 2 Fruit.=--Ripening fruit.=--ripene VBG 20467 1114 3 in in IN 20467 1114 4 October October NNP 20467 1114 5 , , , 20467 1114 6 one one CD 20467 1114 7 or or CC 20467 1114 8 several several JJ 20467 1114 9 from from IN 20467 1114 10 the the DT 20467 1114 11 same same JJ 20467 1114 12 footstalk footstalk NN 20467 1114 13 , , , 20467 1114 14 about about RB 20467 1114 15 3 3 CD 20467 1114 16 inches inch NNS 20467 1114 17 long long JJ 20467 1114 18 , , , 20467 1114 19 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1114 20 , , , 20467 1114 21 pointed point VBD 20467 1114 22 , , , 20467 1114 23 green green JJ 20467 1114 24 , , , 20467 1114 25 downy downy JJ 20467 1114 26 , , , 20467 1114 27 and and CC 20467 1114 28 sticky sticky JJ 20467 1114 29 at at IN 20467 1114 30 first first JJ 20467 1114 31 , , , 20467 1114 32 dark dark JJ 20467 1114 33 brown brown NN 20467 1114 34 when when WRB 20467 1114 35 dry dry JJ 20467 1114 36 : : : 20467 1114 37 shells shell NNS 20467 1114 38 sculptured sculpture VBD 20467 1114 39 , , , 20467 1114 40 rough rough JJ 20467 1114 41 : : : 20467 1114 42 kernel kernel NN 20467 1114 43 edible edible JJ 20467 1114 44 , , , 20467 1114 45 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1114 46 but but CC 20467 1114 47 oily oily RB 20467 1114 48 . . . 20467 1115 1 = = NFP 20467 1115 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1115 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1115 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1115 5 New New NNP 20467 1115 6 England England NNP 20467 1115 7 ; ; : 20467 1115 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1115 9 in in IN 20467 1115 10 any any DT 20467 1115 11 well well RB 20467 1115 12 - - HYPH 20467 1115 13 drained drain VBN 20467 1115 14 soil soil NN 20467 1115 15 , , , 20467 1115 16 but but CC 20467 1115 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1115 18 a a DT 20467 1115 19 deep deep JJ 20467 1115 20 , , , 20467 1115 21 rich rich JJ 20467 1115 22 loam loam NN 20467 1115 23 ; ; : 20467 1115 24 seldom seldom RB 20467 1115 25 reaches reach VBZ 20467 1115 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1115 27 best good JJS 20467 1115 28 under under IN 20467 1115 29 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 1115 30 . . . 20467 1116 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 1116 2 of of IN 20467 1116 3 the the DT 20467 1116 4 same same JJ 20467 1116 5 age age NN 20467 1116 6 are be VBP 20467 1116 7 apt apt JJ 20467 1116 8 to to TO 20467 1116 9 vary vary VB 20467 1116 10 in in IN 20467 1116 11 vigor vigor NN 20467 1116 12 and and CC 20467 1116 13 size size NN 20467 1116 14 , , , 20467 1116 15 dead dead JJ 20467 1116 16 branches branch NNS 20467 1116 17 are be VBP 20467 1116 18 likely likely JJ 20467 1116 19 to to TO 20467 1116 20 appear appear VB 20467 1116 21 early early JJ 20467 1116 22 , , , 20467 1116 23 and and CC 20467 1116 24 sound sound NN 20467 1116 25 trees tree NNS 20467 1116 26 8 8 CD 20467 1116 27 or or CC 20467 1116 28 10 10 CD 20467 1116 29 inches inch NNS 20467 1116 30 in in IN 20467 1116 31 diameter diameter NN 20467 1116 32 are be VBP 20467 1116 33 seldom seldom RB 20467 1116 34 seen see VBN 20467 1116 35 ; ; : 20467 1116 36 the the DT 20467 1116 37 foliage foliage NN 20467 1116 38 is be VBZ 20467 1116 39 thin thin JJ 20467 1116 40 , , , 20467 1116 41 appears appear VBZ 20467 1116 42 late late JJ 20467 1116 43 and and CC 20467 1116 44 drops drop VBZ 20467 1116 45 early early RB 20467 1116 46 ; ; , 20467 1116 47 planted plant VBN 20467 1116 48 in in IN 20467 1116 49 private private JJ 20467 1116 50 grounds ground NNS 20467 1116 51 chiefly chiefly RB 20467 1116 52 for for IN 20467 1116 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1116 54 fruit fruit NN 20467 1116 55 ; ; : 20467 1116 56 only only RB 20467 1116 57 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1116 58 offered offer VBN 20467 1116 59 in in IN 20467 1116 60 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1116 61 , , , 20467 1116 62 collected collect VBN 20467 1116 63 plants plant NNS 20467 1116 64 seldom seldom RB 20467 1116 65 successful successful JJ 20467 1116 66 . . . 20467 1117 1 Best well RBS 20467 1117 2 grown grow VBN 20467 1117 3 from from IN 20467 1117 4 seed seed NN 20467 1117 5 planted plant VBN 20467 1117 6 where where WRB 20467 1117 7 the the DT 20467 1117 8 tree tree NN 20467 1117 9 is be VBZ 20467 1117 10 to to TO 20467 1117 11 stand stand VB 20467 1117 12 , , , 20467 1117 13 as as IN 20467 1117 14 is be VBZ 20467 1117 15 evident evident JJ 20467 1117 16 from from IN 20467 1117 17 many many JJ 20467 1117 18 trees tree NNS 20467 1117 19 growing grow VBG 20467 1117 20 spontaneously spontaneously RB 20467 1117 21 . . . 20467 1118 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1118 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1118 3 : : : 20467 1118 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1118 5 XXII.--Juglans XXII.--Juglans NNPS 20467 1118 6 cinerea cinerea NN 20467 1118 7 . . . 20467 1118 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1119 1 1 1 LS 20467 1119 2 . . . 20467 1120 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1120 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1120 3 . . . 20467 1121 1 2 2 LS 20467 1121 2 . . . 20467 1122 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1122 2 branch branch NN 20467 1122 3 . . . 20467 1123 1 3 3 LS 20467 1123 2 . . . 20467 1124 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1124 2 flower flower NN 20467 1124 3 , , , 20467 1124 4 side side NN 20467 1124 5 view view NN 20467 1124 6 . . . 20467 1125 1 4 4 LS 20467 1125 2 . . . 20467 1126 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1126 2 flower flower NN 20467 1126 3 . . . 20467 1127 1 5 5 CD 20467 1127 2 . . . 20467 1128 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1128 2 . . . 20467 1129 1 6 6 CD 20467 1129 2 . . . 20467 1130 1 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 1130 2 . . . 20467 1131 1 = = NFP 20467 1131 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 1131 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 1131 4 , , , 20467 1131 5 L.= l.= VBP 20467 1131 6 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 1131 7 WALNUT WALNUT NNP 20467 1131 8 . . . 20467 1132 1 = = NFP 20467 1132 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1132 3 and and CC 20467 1132 4 Range.=--Rich Range.=--Rich NNP 20467 1132 5 woods wood NNS 20467 1132 6 . . . 20467 1133 1 Maine Maine NNP 20467 1133 2 , , , 20467 1133 3 New New NNP 20467 1133 4 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 1133 5 , , , 20467 1133 6 and and CC 20467 1133 7 Vermont,--not Vermont,--not NNP 20467 1133 8 reported report VBD 20467 1133 9 native native JJ 20467 1133 10 ; ; : 20467 1133 11 Massachusetts,--rare Massachusetts,--rare NNP 20467 1133 12 east east NN 20467 1133 13 of of IN 20467 1133 14 the the DT 20467 1133 15 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1133 16 river river NN 20467 1133 17 , , , 20467 1133 18 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1133 19 along along IN 20467 1133 20 the the DT 20467 1133 21 western western JJ 20467 1133 22 part part NN 20467 1133 23 of of IN 20467 1133 24 the the DT 20467 1133 25 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1133 26 valley valley NN 20467 1133 27 to to IN 20467 1133 28 the the DT 20467 1133 29 New New NNP 20467 1133 30 York York NNP 20467 1133 31 line line NN 20467 1133 32 ; ; : 20467 1133 33 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1133 34 Island,--doubtfully island,--doubtfully RB 20467 1133 35 native native JJ 20467 1133 36 , , , 20467 1133 37 Apponaug Apponaug NNP 20467 1133 38 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1133 39 Kent Kent NNP 20467 1133 40 county county NN 20467 1133 41 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1133 42 and and CC 20467 1133 43 elsewhere elsewhere RB 20467 1133 44 ; ; : 20467 1133 45 Connecticut,--frequent connecticut,--frequent NN 20467 1133 46 westward westward RB 20467 1133 47 , , , 20467 1133 48 Darien Darien NNP 20467 1133 49 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1133 50 Fairfield Fairfield NNP 20467 1133 51 county county NN 20467 1133 52 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1133 53 ; ; : 20467 1133 54 Plainville Plainville NNP 20467 1133 55 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1133 56 Hartford Hartford NNP 20467 1133 57 county county NN 20467 1133 58 , , , 20467 1133 59 J. J. NNP 20467 1133 60 N. N. NNP 20467 1133 61 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 1133 62 _ _ NNP 20467 1133 63 in in IN 20467 1133 64 lit lit NN 20467 1133 65 . . . 20467 1133 66 _ _ NNP 20467 1133 67 , , , 20467 1133 68 1896 1896 CD 20467 1133 69 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1133 70 ; ; : 20467 1133 71 in in IN 20467 1133 72 the the DT 20467 1133 73 central central JJ 20467 1133 74 and and CC 20467 1133 75 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1133 76 sections section NNS 20467 1133 77 probably probably RB 20467 1133 78 introduced introduce VBD 20467 1133 79 . . . 20467 1134 1 South south RB 20467 1134 2 to to IN 20467 1134 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1134 4 ; ; : 20467 1134 5 west west NN 20467 1134 6 to to IN 20467 1134 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1134 8 , , , 20467 1134 9 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1134 10 , , , 20467 1134 11 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 1134 12 , , , 20467 1134 13 and and CC 20467 1134 14 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1134 15 . . . 20467 1135 1 = = NFP 20467 1135 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1135 3 large large JJ 20467 1135 4 tree tree NN 20467 1135 5 , , , 20467 1135 6 50 50 CD 20467 1135 7 - - SYM 20467 1135 8 75 75 CD 20467 1135 9 feet foot NNS 20467 1135 10 high high JJ 20467 1135 11 , , , 20467 1135 12 with with IN 20467 1135 13 a a DT 20467 1135 14 diameter diameter NN 20467 1135 15 above above IN 20467 1135 16 the the DT 20467 1135 17 swell swell NN 20467 1135 18 of of IN 20467 1135 19 the the DT 20467 1135 20 roots root NNS 20467 1135 21 of of IN 20467 1135 22 2 2 CD 20467 1135 23 - - SYM 20467 1135 24 5 5 CD 20467 1135 25 feet foot NNS 20467 1135 26 ; ; , 20467 1135 27 attaining attain VBG 20467 1135 28 in in IN 20467 1135 29 the the DT 20467 1135 30 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1135 31 valley valley NN 20467 1135 32 a a DT 20467 1135 33 height height NN 20467 1135 34 of of IN 20467 1135 35 150 150 CD 20467 1135 36 feet foot NNS 20467 1135 37 and and CC 20467 1135 38 a a DT 20467 1135 39 diameter diameter NN 20467 1135 40 of of IN 20467 1135 41 6 6 CD 20467 1135 42 - - SYM 20467 1135 43 8 8 CD 20467 1135 44 feet foot NNS 20467 1135 45 ; ; : 20467 1135 46 trunk trunk NN 20467 1135 47 straight straight RB 20467 1135 48 , , , 20467 1135 49 slowly slowly RB 20467 1135 50 tapering taper VBG 20467 1135 51 , , , 20467 1135 52 throwing throw VBG 20467 1135 53 out out RP 20467 1135 54 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1135 55 lower low JJR 20467 1135 56 branches branch NNS 20467 1135 57 nearly nearly RB 20467 1135 58 horizontally horizontally RB 20467 1135 59 , , , 20467 1135 60 the the DT 20467 1135 61 upper upper JJ 20467 1135 62 at at IN 20467 1135 63 a a DT 20467 1135 64 broad broad JJ 20467 1135 65 angle angle NN 20467 1135 66 , , , 20467 1135 67 forming form VBG 20467 1135 68 an an DT 20467 1135 69 open open JJ 20467 1135 70 , , , 20467 1135 71 spacious spacious JJ 20467 1135 72 , , , 20467 1135 73 noble noble JJ 20467 1135 74 head head NN 20467 1135 75 . . . 20467 1136 1 = = NFP 20467 1136 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1136 3 of of IN 20467 1136 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1136 5 in in IN 20467 1136 6 old old JJ 20467 1136 7 trees tree NNS 20467 1136 8 thick thick JJ 20467 1136 9 , , , 20467 1136 10 blackish blackish JJ 20467 1136 11 , , , 20467 1136 12 and and CC 20467 1136 13 deeply deeply RB 20467 1136 14 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1136 15 ; ; : 20467 1136 16 large large JJ 20467 1136 17 branches branch NNS 20467 1136 18 rough rough JJ 20467 1136 19 and and CC 20467 1136 20 more more RBR 20467 1136 21 or or CC 20467 1136 22 less less RBR 20467 1136 23 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1136 24 ; ; : 20467 1136 25 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1136 26 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1136 27 ; ; : 20467 1136 28 season season NN 20467 1136 29 's 's POS 20467 1136 30 twigs twig NNS 20467 1136 31 downy downy JJ 20467 1136 32 . . . 20467 1137 1 = = NFP 20467 1137 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1137 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1137 4 and and CC 20467 1137 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1137 6 small small JJ 20467 1137 7 , , , 20467 1137 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1137 9 or or CC 20467 1137 10 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1137 11 , , , 20467 1137 12 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1137 13 , , , 20467 1137 14 more more RBR 20467 1137 15 or or CC 20467 1137 16 less less RBR 20467 1137 17 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1137 18 , , , 20467 1137 19 few few JJ 20467 1137 20 - - HYPH 20467 1137 21 scaled scaled JJ 20467 1137 22 . . . 20467 1138 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1138 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 1138 3 compound compound VBP 20467 1138 4 , , , 20467 1138 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1138 6 ; ; : 20467 1138 7 rachis rachis NN 20467 1138 8 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1138 9 and and CC 20467 1138 10 swollen swollen JJ 20467 1138 11 at at IN 20467 1138 12 base base NN 20467 1138 13 , , , 20467 1138 14 but but CC 20467 1138 15 less less RBR 20467 1138 16 so so RB 20467 1138 17 than than IN 20467 1138 18 that that DT 20467 1138 19 of of IN 20467 1138 20 the the DT 20467 1138 21 butternut butternut NN 20467 1138 22 ; ; : 20467 1138 23 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1138 24 none none NN 20467 1138 25 ; ; : 20467 1138 26 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 1138 27 13 13 CD 20467 1138 28 - - SYM 20467 1138 29 21 21 CD 20467 1138 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1138 31 the the DT 20467 1138 32 odd odd JJ 20467 1138 33 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1138 34 at at IN 20467 1138 35 the the DT 20467 1138 36 apex apex NN 20467 1138 37 often often RB 20467 1138 38 wanting want VBG 20467 1138 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1138 40 , , , 20467 1138 41 opposite opposite JJ 20467 1138 42 or or CC 20467 1138 43 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1138 44 , , , 20467 1138 45 2 2 CD 20467 1138 46 - - SYM 20467 1138 47 5 5 CD 20467 1138 48 inches inch NNS 20467 1138 49 long long JJ 20467 1138 50 , , , 20467 1138 51 about about RB 20467 1138 52 half half NN 20467 1138 53 as as RB 20467 1138 54 wide wide JJ 20467 1138 55 ; ; : 20467 1138 56 dark dark JJ 20467 1138 57 green green NN 20467 1138 58 and and CC 20467 1138 59 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1138 60 above above RB 20467 1138 61 , , , 20467 1138 62 lighter light JJR 20467 1138 63 and and CC 20467 1138 64 slightly slightly RB 20467 1138 65 glandular glandular JJ 20467 1138 66 - - HYPH 20467 1138 67 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1138 68 beneath beneath IN 20467 1138 69 , , , 20467 1138 70 turning turn VBG 20467 1138 71 yellow yellow NN 20467 1138 72 in in IN 20467 1138 73 autumn autumn NN 20467 1138 74 ; ; : 20467 1138 75 outline outline NN 20467 1138 76 ovate ovate NN 20467 1138 77 - - HYPH 20467 1138 78 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1138 79 ; ; : 20467 1138 80 apex apex NNP 20467 1138 81 taper taper NN 20467 1138 82 - - HYPH 20467 1138 83 pointed point VBN 20467 1138 84 ; ; : 20467 1138 85 base base NN 20467 1138 86 oblique oblique NNP 20467 1138 87 , , , 20467 1138 88 usually usually RB 20467 1138 89 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1138 90 or or CC 20467 1138 91 heart heart NN 20467 1138 92 - - HYPH 20467 1138 93 shaped shape VBN 20467 1138 94 ; ; : 20467 1138 95 stemless stemless NN 20467 1138 96 or or CC 20467 1138 97 nearly nearly RB 20467 1138 98 so so RB 20467 1138 99 , , , 20467 1138 100 except except IN 20467 1138 101 the the DT 20467 1138 102 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1138 103 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1138 104 ; ; , 20467 1138 105 stipels stipel VBZ 20467 1138 106 none none NN 20467 1138 107 . . . 20467 1139 1 Aromatic Aromatic NNP 20467 1139 2 when when WRB 20467 1139 3 bruised bruise VBN 20467 1139 4 . . . 20467 1140 1 = = NFP 20467 1140 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1140 3 . . . 20467 1141 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1141 2 while while IN 20467 1141 3 the the DT 20467 1141 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1141 5 are be VBP 20467 1141 6 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 1141 7 , , , 20467 1141 8 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1141 9 and and CC 20467 1141 10 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1141 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 1141 12 on on IN 20467 1141 13 the the DT 20467 1141 14 same same JJ 20467 1141 15 tree,--the tree,--the DT 20467 1141 16 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1141 17 along along IN 20467 1141 18 the the DT 20467 1141 19 sides side NNS 20467 1141 20 or or CC 20467 1141 21 at at IN 20467 1141 22 the the DT 20467 1141 23 ends end NNS 20467 1141 24 of of IN 20467 1141 25 the the DT 20467 1141 26 preceding precede VBG 20467 1141 27 year year NN 20467 1141 28 's 's POS 20467 1141 29 branches branch NNS 20467 1141 30 , , , 20467 1141 31 in in IN 20467 1141 32 single single JJ 20467 1141 33 , , , 20467 1141 34 unbranched unbranched JJ 20467 1141 35 , , , 20467 1141 36 green green JJ 20467 1141 37 , , , 20467 1141 38 stout stout RB 20467 1141 39 , , , 20467 1141 40 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1141 41 , , , 20467 1141 42 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1141 43 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1141 44 , , , 20467 1141 45 3 3 CD 20467 1141 46 - - SYM 20467 1141 47 6 6 CD 20467 1141 48 inches inch NNS 20467 1141 49 long long JJ 20467 1141 50 ; ; : 20467 1141 51 perianth perianth NN 20467 1141 52 of of IN 20467 1141 53 6 6 CD 20467 1141 54 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1141 55 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1141 56 , , , 20467 1141 57 stamens stamens NNP 20467 1141 58 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1141 59 , , , 20467 1141 60 filaments filament NNS 20467 1141 61 very very RB 20467 1141 62 short short JJ 20467 1141 63 , , , 20467 1141 64 anthers anther NNS 20467 1141 65 purple purple JJ 20467 1141 66 : : : 20467 1141 67 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1141 68 flowers flower NNS 20467 1141 69 in in IN 20467 1141 70 the the DT 20467 1141 71 axils axil NNS 20467 1141 72 of of IN 20467 1141 73 the the DT 20467 1141 74 season season NN 20467 1141 75 's 's POS 20467 1141 76 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1141 77 , , , 20467 1141 78 sessile sessile NN 20467 1141 79 , , , 20467 1141 80 solitary solitary JJ 20467 1141 81 or or CC 20467 1141 82 several several JJ 20467 1141 83 on on IN 20467 1141 84 a a DT 20467 1141 85 common common JJ 20467 1141 86 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1141 87 ; ; : 20467 1141 88 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1141 89 4-toothed 4-toothed CD 20467 1141 90 , , , 20467 1141 91 with with IN 20467 1141 92 4 4 CD 20467 1141 93 small small JJ 20467 1141 94 petals petal NNS 20467 1141 95 at at IN 20467 1141 96 the the DT 20467 1141 97 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1141 98 ; ; : 20467 1141 99 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1141 100 2 2 CD 20467 1141 101 , , , 20467 1141 102 reddish reddish NN 20467 1141 103 - - HYPH 20467 1141 104 green green NN 20467 1141 105 . . . 20467 1142 1 = = NFP 20467 1142 2 Fruit.=--Ripening fruit.=--ripene VBG 20467 1142 3 in in IN 20467 1142 4 October October NNP 20467 1142 5 at at IN 20467 1142 6 the the DT 20467 1142 7 ends end NNS 20467 1142 8 of of IN 20467 1142 9 the the DT 20467 1142 10 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1142 11 , , , 20467 1142 12 single single JJ 20467 1142 13 , , , 20467 1142 14 or or CC 20467 1142 15 two two CD 20467 1142 16 or or CC 20467 1142 17 more more JJR 20467 1142 18 together together RB 20467 1142 19 ; ; : 20467 1142 20 round round JJ 20467 1142 21 , , , 20467 1142 22 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1142 23 , , , 20467 1142 24 or or CC 20467 1142 25 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1142 26 roughish roughish JJ 20467 1142 27 with with IN 20467 1142 28 uneven uneven JJ 20467 1142 29 surface surface NN 20467 1142 30 , , , 20467 1142 31 not not RB 20467 1142 32 viscid viscid JJ 20467 1142 33 , , , 20467 1142 34 dull dull JJ 20467 1142 35 green green JJ 20467 1142 36 turning turning NN 20467 1142 37 to to IN 20467 1142 38 brown brown NNP 20467 1142 39 : : : 20467 1142 40 husk husk NN 20467 1142 41 not not RB 20467 1142 42 separating separate VBG 20467 1142 43 into into IN 20467 1142 44 sections section NNS 20467 1142 45 : : : 20467 1142 46 shell shell NNP 20467 1142 47 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1142 48 furrowed furrow VBD 20467 1142 49 : : : 20467 1142 50 kernel kernel NN 20467 1142 51 edible edible JJ 20467 1142 52 . . . 20467 1143 1 = = NFP 20467 1143 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1143 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1143 4 in in IN 20467 1143 5 central central JJ 20467 1143 6 and and CC 20467 1143 7 southern southern JJ 20467 1143 8 New New NNP 20467 1143 9 England England NNP 20467 1143 10 ; ; : 20467 1143 11 grows grow VBZ 20467 1143 12 well well RB 20467 1143 13 in in IN 20467 1143 14 most most JJS 20467 1143 15 situations situation NNS 20467 1143 16 , , , 20467 1143 17 but but CC 20467 1143 18 in in IN 20467 1143 19 a a DT 20467 1143 20 deep deep JJ 20467 1143 21 rich rich JJ 20467 1143 22 soil soil NN 20467 1143 23 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1143 24 forms form VBZ 20467 1143 25 a a DT 20467 1143 26 large large JJ 20467 1143 27 and and CC 20467 1143 28 handsome handsome JJ 20467 1143 29 tree tree NN 20467 1143 30 . . . 20467 1144 1 Readily readily RB 20467 1144 2 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1144 3 in in IN 20467 1144 4 western western JJ 20467 1144 5 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1144 6 ; ; : 20467 1144 7 transplants transplant NNS 20467 1144 8 rather rather RB 20467 1144 9 poorly poorly RB 20467 1144 10 , , , 20467 1144 11 and and CC 20467 1144 12 collected collect VBN 20467 1144 13 plants plant NNS 20467 1144 14 are be VBP 20467 1144 15 of of IN 20467 1144 16 little little JJ 20467 1144 17 value value NN 20467 1144 18 . . . 20467 1145 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1145 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1145 3 appear appear VBP 20467 1145 4 late late JJ 20467 1145 5 and and CC 20467 1145 6 drop drop VB 20467 1145 7 early early RB 20467 1145 8 , , , 20467 1145 9 and and CC 20467 1145 10 the the DT 20467 1145 11 fruit fruit NN 20467 1145 12 is be VBZ 20467 1145 13 often often RB 20467 1145 14 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1145 15 . . . 20467 1146 1 These these DT 20467 1146 2 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 20467 1146 3 make make VBP 20467 1146 4 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1146 5 objectionable objectionable JJ 20467 1146 6 in in IN 20467 1146 7 many many JJ 20467 1146 8 cases case NNS 20467 1146 9 . . . 20467 1147 1 Grown grow VBN 20467 1147 2 from from IN 20467 1147 3 seed seed NN 20467 1147 4 . . . 20467 1148 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1148 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1148 3 : : : 20467 1148 4 PLATE plate NN 20467 1148 5 XXIII.--Juglans xxiii.--juglan NNS 20467 1148 6 nigra nigra RB 20467 1148 7 . . . 20467 1148 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1149 1 1 1 LS 20467 1149 2 . . . 20467 1150 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1150 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1150 3 . . . 20467 1151 1 2 2 LS 20467 1151 2 . . . 20467 1152 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1152 2 branch branch NN 20467 1152 3 . . . 20467 1153 1 3 3 LS 20467 1153 2 . . . 20467 1154 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1154 2 flower flower NN 20467 1154 3 , , , 20467 1154 4 front front JJ 20467 1154 5 view view NN 20467 1154 6 . . . 20467 1155 1 4 4 LS 20467 1155 2 . . . 20467 1156 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1156 2 flower flower NN 20467 1156 3 , , , 20467 1156 4 back back JJ 20467 1156 5 view view NN 20467 1156 6 . . . 20467 1157 1 5 5 CD 20467 1157 2 . . . 20467 1158 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1158 2 flower flower NN 20467 1158 3 . . . 20467 1159 1 6 6 CD 20467 1159 2 . . . 20467 1160 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1160 2 branch branch NN 20467 1160 3 . . . 20467 1161 1 = = NFP 20467 1161 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 1161 3 alba alba VBZ 20467 1161 4 , , , 20467 1161 5 Nutt.= Nutt.= NNP 20467 1161 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1161 7 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 20467 1161 8 ovata ovata NN 20467 1161 9 , , , 20467 1161 10 Britton Britton NNP 20467 1161 11 . . . 20467 1161 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1161 13 SHAGBARK SHAGBARK NNP 20467 1161 14 . . . 20467 1162 1 SHAGBARK SHAGBARK NNP 20467 1162 2 OR or CC 20467 1162 3 SHELLBARK SHELLBARK NNP 20467 1162 4 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 20467 1162 5 . . . 20467 1163 1 WALNUT walnut UH 20467 1163 2 . . . 20467 1164 1 = = NFP 20467 1164 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1164 3 and and CC 20467 1164 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1164 5 various various JJ 20467 1164 6 soils soil NNS 20467 1164 7 and and CC 20467 1164 8 situations situation NNS 20467 1164 9 , , , 20467 1164 10 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1164 11 slopes slope NNS 20467 1164 12 , , , 20467 1164 13 brooksides brookside NNS 20467 1164 14 , , , 20467 1164 15 rocky rocky NNP 20467 1164 16 hills hill NNS 20467 1164 17 . . . 20467 1165 1 Valley Valley NNP 20467 1165 2 of of IN 20467 1165 3 the the DT 20467 1165 4 St. St. NNP 20467 1165 5 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 20467 1165 6 . . . 20467 1166 1 Maine,--along Maine,--along NNP 20467 1166 2 or or CC 20467 1166 3 near near IN 20467 1166 4 the the DT 20467 1166 5 coast coast NN 20467 1166 6 as as IN 20467 1166 7 far far RB 20467 1166 8 north north RB 20467 1166 9 as as IN 20467 1166 10 Harpswell Harpswell NNP 20467 1166 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1166 12 Cumberland Cumberland NNP 20467 1166 13 county county NN 20467 1166 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1166 15 ; ; : 20467 1166 16 New New NNP 20467 1166 17 Hampshire,--common Hampshire,--common NNP 20467 1166 18 as as RB 20467 1166 19 far far RB 20467 1166 20 north north RB 20467 1166 21 as as IN 20467 1166 22 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1166 23 Winnepesaukee Winnepesaukee NNP 20467 1166 24 ; ; : 20467 1166 25 Vermont,--occasional vermont,--occasional RB 20467 1166 26 along along IN 20467 1166 27 the the DT 20467 1166 28 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1166 29 to to IN 20467 1166 30 Windsor Windsor NNP 20467 1166 31 , , , 20467 1166 32 rather rather RB 20467 1166 33 common common JJ 20467 1166 34 in in IN 20467 1166 35 the the DT 20467 1166 36 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 1166 37 valley valley NN 20467 1166 38 and and CC 20467 1166 39 along along IN 20467 1166 40 the the DT 20467 1166 41 western western JJ 20467 1166 42 slopes slope NNS 20467 1166 43 of of IN 20467 1166 44 the the DT 20467 1166 45 Green green JJ 20467 1166 46 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1166 47 ; ; : 20467 1166 48 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1166 49 , , , 20467 1166 50 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1166 51 Island Island NNP 20467 1166 52 , , , 20467 1166 53 and and CC 20467 1166 54 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1166 55 . . . 20467 1167 1 South South NNP 20467 1167 2 to to IN 20467 1167 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1167 4 and and CC 20467 1167 5 along along IN 20467 1167 6 the the DT 20467 1167 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1167 8 to to IN 20467 1167 9 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1167 10 ; ; : 20467 1167 11 west west NN 20467 1167 12 to to IN 20467 1167 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1167 14 , , , 20467 1167 15 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1167 16 , , , 20467 1167 17 Indian indian JJ 20467 1167 18 territory territory NN 20467 1167 19 , , , 20467 1167 20 and and CC 20467 1167 21 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1167 22 . . . 20467 1168 1 = = NFP 20467 1168 2 Habit.=--The habit.=--the UH 20467 1168 3 tallest tall JJS 20467 1168 4 of of IN 20467 1168 5 the the DT 20467 1168 6 hickories hickory NNS 20467 1168 7 and and CC 20467 1168 8 proportionally proportionally RB 20467 1168 9 the the DT 20467 1168 10 most most JJS 20467 1168 11 slender slender NN 20467 1168 12 , , , 20467 1168 13 from from IN 20467 1168 14 50 50 CD 20467 1168 15 to to TO 20467 1168 16 75 75 CD 20467 1168 17 feet foot NNS 20467 1168 18 in in IN 20467 1168 19 height height NN 20467 1168 20 , , , 20467 1168 21 and and CC 20467 1168 22 not not RB 20467 1168 23 more more JJR 20467 1168 24 than than IN 20467 1168 25 2 2 CD 20467 1168 26 feet foot NNS 20467 1168 27 in in IN 20467 1168 28 trunk trunk NN 20467 1168 29 diameter diameter NN 20467 1168 30 ; ; , 20467 1168 31 rising rise VBG 20467 1168 32 to to IN 20467 1168 33 a a DT 20467 1168 34 great great JJ 20467 1168 35 height height NN 20467 1168 36 in in IN 20467 1168 37 the the DT 20467 1168 38 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1168 39 and and CC 20467 1168 40 Indiana Indiana NNP 20467 1168 41 river river NN 20467 1168 42 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 1168 43 . . . 20467 1169 1 The the DT 20467 1169 2 trunk trunk NN 20467 1169 3 , , , 20467 1169 4 shaggy shaggy JJ 20467 1169 5 in in IN 20467 1169 6 old old JJ 20467 1169 7 trees tree NNS 20467 1169 8 , , , 20467 1169 9 rises rise VBZ 20467 1169 10 with with IN 20467 1169 11 nearly nearly RB 20467 1169 12 uniform uniform JJ 20467 1169 13 diameter diameter NN 20467 1169 14 to to IN 20467 1169 15 the the DT 20467 1169 16 point point NN 20467 1169 17 of of IN 20467 1169 18 furcation furcation NN 20467 1169 19 , , , 20467 1169 20 throwing throw VBG 20467 1169 21 out out RP 20467 1169 22 rather rather RB 20467 1169 23 small small JJ 20467 1169 24 branches branch NNS 20467 1169 25 of of IN 20467 1169 26 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1169 27 length length NN 20467 1169 28 and and CC 20467 1169 29 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1169 30 disposed disposed JJ 20467 1169 31 , , , 20467 1169 32 forming form VBG 20467 1169 33 an an DT 20467 1169 34 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1169 35 or or CC 20467 1169 36 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1169 37 head head NN 20467 1169 38 with with IN 20467 1169 39 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1169 40 gaps gap NNS 20467 1169 41 in in IN 20467 1169 42 the the DT 20467 1169 43 continuity continuity NN 20467 1169 44 of of IN 20467 1169 45 the the DT 20467 1169 46 foliage foliage NN 20467 1169 47 . . . 20467 1170 1 = = NFP 20467 1170 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1170 3 in in IN 20467 1170 4 young young JJ 20467 1170 5 trees tree NNS 20467 1170 6 and and CC 20467 1170 7 in in IN 20467 1170 8 the the DT 20467 1170 9 smaller small JJR 20467 1170 10 branches branch NNS 20467 1170 11 ash ash NN 20467 1170 12 - - HYPH 20467 1170 13 gray gray JJ 20467 1170 14 , , , 20467 1170 15 smoothish smoothish JJ 20467 1170 16 to to TO 20467 1170 17 seamy seamy VB 20467 1170 18 ; ; : 20467 1170 19 in in IN 20467 1170 20 old old JJ 20467 1170 21 trees tree NNS 20467 1170 22 , , , 20467 1170 23 extremely extremely RB 20467 1170 24 characteristic characteristic JJ 20467 1170 25 , , , 20467 1170 26 usually usually RB 20467 1170 27 shaggy shaggy JJ 20467 1170 28 , , , 20467 1170 29 the the DT 20467 1170 30 outer outer JJ 20467 1170 31 layers layer NNS 20467 1170 32 separating separate VBG 20467 1170 33 into into IN 20467 1170 34 long long JJ 20467 1170 35 , , , 20467 1170 36 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1170 37 , , , 20467 1170 38 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1170 39 plates plate NNS 20467 1170 40 , , , 20467 1170 41 free free JJ 20467 1170 42 at at IN 20467 1170 43 one one CD 20467 1170 44 or or CC 20467 1170 45 both both DT 20467 1170 46 ends end NNS 20467 1170 47 , , , 20467 1170 48 easily easily RB 20467 1170 49 detachable detachable JJ 20467 1170 50 ; ; : 20467 1170 51 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1170 52 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1170 53 and and CC 20467 1170 54 gray gray JJ 20467 1170 55 , , , 20467 1170 56 with with IN 20467 1170 57 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1170 58 leaf leaf NN 20467 1170 59 - - HYPH 20467 1170 60 scars scar NNS 20467 1170 61 ; ; : 20467 1170 62 season season NN 20467 1170 63 's 's POS 20467 1170 64 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1170 65 stout stout VBD 20467 1170 66 , , , 20467 1170 67 more more RBR 20467 1170 68 or or CC 20467 1170 69 less less RBR 20467 1170 70 downy downy JJ 20467 1170 71 , , , 20467 1170 72 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1170 73 - - HYPH 20467 1170 74 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1170 75 . . . 20467 1171 1 = = NFP 20467 1171 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1171 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1171 4 and and CC 20467 1171 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1171 6 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 1171 7 , , , 20467 1171 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1171 9 to to IN 20467 1171 10 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1171 11 , , , 20467 1171 12 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1171 13 buds bud NNS 20467 1171 14 large large JJ 20467 1171 15 , , , 20467 1171 16 much much JJ 20467 1171 17 swollen swollen NN 20467 1171 18 before before IN 20467 1171 19 expanding expand VBG 20467 1171 20 ; ; : 20467 1171 21 inner inner JJ 20467 1171 22 scales scale NNS 20467 1171 23 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1171 24 , , , 20467 1171 25 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1171 26 - - HYPH 20467 1171 27 fringed fringed JJ 20467 1171 28 , , , 20467 1171 29 downy downy NN 20467 1171 30 , , , 20467 1171 31 enlarging enlarge VBG 20467 1171 32 to to IN 20467 1171 33 5 5 CD 20467 1171 34 - - SYM 20467 1171 35 6 6 CD 20467 1171 36 inches inch NNS 20467 1171 37 in in IN 20467 1171 38 length length NN 20467 1171 39 as as IN 20467 1171 40 the the DT 20467 1171 41 leaves leave NNS 20467 1171 42 unfold unfold VBP 20467 1171 43 . . . 20467 1172 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1172 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 1172 3 compound compound VBP 20467 1172 4 , , , 20467 1172 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1172 6 , , , 20467 1172 7 12 12 CD 20467 1172 8 - - SYM 20467 1172 9 20 20 CD 20467 1172 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1172 11 long long JJ 20467 1172 12 ; ; : 20467 1172 13 petiole petiole JJ 20467 1172 14 short short JJ 20467 1172 15 , , , 20467 1172 16 rough rough JJ 20467 1172 17 , , , 20467 1172 18 and and CC 20467 1172 19 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1172 20 swollen swollen JJ 20467 1172 21 at at IN 20467 1172 22 base base NN 20467 1172 23 ; ; : 20467 1172 24 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1172 25 none none NN 20467 1172 26 ; ; : 20467 1172 27 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 1172 28 usually usually RB 20467 1172 29 5 5 CD 20467 1172 30 , , , 20467 1172 31 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1172 32 3 3 CD 20467 1172 33 or or CC 20467 1172 34 7 7 CD 20467 1172 35 , , , 20467 1172 36 3 3 CD 20467 1172 37 - - SYM 20467 1172 38 7 7 CD 20467 1172 39 inches inch NNS 20467 1172 40 long long JJ 20467 1172 41 , , , 20467 1172 42 dark dark JJ 20467 1172 43 green green NN 20467 1172 44 above above RB 20467 1172 45 , , , 20467 1172 46 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1172 47 - - HYPH 20467 1172 48 green green JJ 20467 1172 49 and and CC 20467 1172 50 downy downy JJ 20467 1172 51 beneath beneath RB 20467 1172 52 when when WRB 20467 1172 53 young young JJ 20467 1172 54 , , , 20467 1172 55 the the DT 20467 1172 56 three three CD 20467 1172 57 upper upper JJ 20467 1172 58 large large JJ 20467 1172 59 , , , 20467 1172 60 obovate obovate VBP 20467 1172 61 to to TO 20467 1172 62 lanceolate lanceolate VB 20467 1172 63 , , , 20467 1172 64 the the DT 20467 1172 65 two two CD 20467 1172 66 lower low JJR 20467 1172 67 much much RB 20467 1172 68 smaller small JJR 20467 1172 69 , , , 20467 1172 70 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1172 71 to to IN 20467 1172 72 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1172 73 - - HYPH 20467 1172 74 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1172 75 , , , 20467 1172 76 all all DT 20467 1172 77 finely finely RB 20467 1172 78 serrate serrate JJ 20467 1172 79 and and CC 20467 1172 80 sharp sharp RB 20467 1172 81 - - HYPH 20467 1172 82 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1172 83 ; ; : 20467 1172 84 base base NN 20467 1172 85 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1172 86 , , , 20467 1172 87 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1172 88 or or CC 20467 1172 89 acute acute JJ 20467 1172 90 , , , 20467 1172 91 mostly mostly RB 20467 1172 92 inequilateral inequilateral JJ 20467 1172 93 ; ; : 20467 1172 94 nearly nearly RB 20467 1172 95 sessile sessile RB 20467 1172 96 save save VB 20467 1172 97 the the DT 20467 1172 98 odd odd JJ 20467 1172 99 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1172 100 ; ; , 20467 1172 101 stipels stipel VBZ 20467 1172 102 none none NN 20467 1172 103 . . . 20467 1173 1 = = NFP 20467 1173 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1173 3 . . . 20467 1174 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1174 2 and and CC 20467 1174 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1174 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 1174 5 on on IN 20467 1174 6 the the DT 20467 1174 7 same same JJ 20467 1174 8 tree tree NN 20467 1174 9 , , , 20467 1174 10 appearing appear VBG 20467 1174 11 when when WRB 20467 1174 12 the the DT 20467 1174 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 1174 14 are be VBP 20467 1174 15 fully fully RB 20467 1174 16 grown,--sterile grown,--sterile . 20467 1174 17 at at IN 20467 1174 18 the the DT 20467 1174 19 base base NN 20467 1174 20 of of IN 20467 1174 21 the the DT 20467 1174 22 season season NN 20467 1174 23 's 's POS 20467 1174 24 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1174 25 , , , 20467 1174 26 in in IN 20467 1174 27 slender slender NN 20467 1174 28 , , , 20467 1174 29 green green JJ 20467 1174 30 , , , 20467 1174 31 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1174 32 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1174 33 , , , 20467 1174 34 4 4 CD 20467 1174 35 - - SYM 20467 1174 36 6 6 CD 20467 1174 37 inches inch NNS 20467 1174 38 long long JJ 20467 1174 39 , , , 20467 1174 40 usually usually RB 20467 1174 41 in in IN 20467 1174 42 threes three NNS 20467 1174 43 , , , 20467 1174 44 branching branch VBG 20467 1174 45 umbel umbel NN 20467 1174 46 - - HYPH 20467 1174 47 like like JJ 20467 1174 48 from from IN 20467 1174 49 a a DT 20467 1174 50 common common JJ 20467 1174 51 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1174 52 ; ; : 20467 1174 53 flower flower NN 20467 1174 54 - - HYPH 20467 1174 55 scales scale NNS 20467 1174 56 3-parted 3-parted CD 20467 1174 57 , , , 20467 1174 58 the the DT 20467 1174 59 middle middle JJ 20467 1174 60 lobe lobe NNP 20467 1174 61 much much RB 20467 1174 62 longer long RBR 20467 1174 63 than than IN 20467 1174 64 the the DT 20467 1174 65 other other JJ 20467 1174 66 two two CD 20467 1174 67 , , , 20467 1174 68 linear linear JJ 20467 1174 69 , , , 20467 1174 70 tipped tip VBN 20467 1174 71 with with IN 20467 1174 72 long long JJ 20467 1174 73 bristles bristle NNS 20467 1174 74 ; ; : 20467 1174 75 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1174 76 adnate adnate NN 20467 1174 77 to to TO 20467 1174 78 scale scale VB 20467 1174 79 ; ; : 20467 1174 80 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1174 81 mostly mostly RB 20467 1174 82 in in IN 20467 1174 83 fours four NNS 20467 1174 84 , , , 20467 1174 85 anthers anther NNS 20467 1174 86 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1174 87 , , , 20467 1174 88 bearded bearded JJ 20467 1174 89 at at IN 20467 1174 90 the the DT 20467 1174 91 tip tip NN 20467 1174 92 : : : 20467 1174 93 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1174 94 flowers flower NNS 20467 1174 95 single single JJ 20467 1174 96 or or CC 20467 1174 97 clustered cluster VBN 20467 1174 98 on on IN 20467 1174 99 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 1174 100 at at IN 20467 1174 101 the the DT 20467 1174 102 ends end NNS 20467 1174 103 of of IN 20467 1174 104 the the DT 20467 1174 105 season season NN 20467 1174 106 's 's POS 20467 1174 107 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1174 108 ; ; : 20467 1174 109 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1174 110 4-toothed 4-toothed CD 20467 1174 111 , , , 20467 1174 112 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1174 113 , , , 20467 1174 114 adherent adherent JJ 20467 1174 115 to to IN 20467 1174 116 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1174 117 ; ; : 20467 1174 118 corolla corolla NNP 20467 1174 119 none none NN 20467 1174 120 ; ; : 20467 1174 121 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1174 122 2 2 CD 20467 1174 123 , , , 20467 1174 124 large large JJ 20467 1174 125 , , , 20467 1174 126 fringed fringe VBN 20467 1174 127 . . . 20467 1175 1 = = SYM 20467 1175 2 Fruit.=--October Fruit.=--October NNP 20467 1175 3 . . . 20467 1176 1 Spherical spherical JJ 20467 1176 2 , , , 20467 1176 3 3 3 CD 20467 1176 4 - - SYM 20467 1176 5 6 6 CD 20467 1176 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1176 7 in in IN 20467 1176 8 circumference circumference NN 20467 1176 9 : : : 20467 1176 10 husks husk NNS 20467 1176 11 rather rather RB 20467 1176 12 thin thin JJ 20467 1176 13 , , , 20467 1176 14 firm firm JJ 20467 1176 15 , , , 20467 1176 16 green green JJ 20467 1176 17 turning turning NN 20467 1176 18 to to IN 20467 1176 19 brown brown NNP 20467 1176 20 , , , 20467 1176 21 separating separate VBG 20467 1176 22 completely completely RB 20467 1176 23 into into IN 20467 1176 24 4 4 CD 20467 1176 25 sections section NNS 20467 1176 26 : : : 20467 1176 27 nut nut NNP 20467 1176 28 variable variable JJ 20467 1176 29 in in IN 20467 1176 30 size size NN 20467 1176 31 , , , 20467 1176 32 subglobose subglobose JJ 20467 1176 33 , , , 20467 1176 34 white white JJ 20467 1176 35 , , , 20467 1176 36 usually usually RB 20467 1176 37 4-angled 4-angled CD 20467 1176 38 : : : 20467 1176 39 kernel kernel NN 20467 1176 40 large large JJ 20467 1176 41 , , , 20467 1176 42 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1176 43 , , , 20467 1176 44 edible edible JJ 20467 1176 45 . . . 20467 1177 1 = = NFP 20467 1177 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1177 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1177 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1177 5 New New NNP 20467 1177 6 England England NNP 20467 1177 7 ; ; : 20467 1177 8 prefers prefer NNS 20467 1177 9 light light JJ 20467 1177 10 , , , 20467 1177 11 well well RB 20467 1177 12 - - HYPH 20467 1177 13 drained drain VBN 20467 1177 14 , , , 20467 1177 15 loamy loamy JJ 20467 1177 16 soil soil NN 20467 1177 17 ; ; : 20467 1177 18 when when WRB 20467 1177 19 well well RB 20467 1177 20 established establish VBN 20467 1177 21 makes make VBZ 20467 1177 22 a a DT 20467 1177 23 moderately moderately RB 20467 1177 24 rapid rapid JJ 20467 1177 25 growth growth NN 20467 1177 26 ; ; : 20467 1177 27 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1177 28 to to TO 20467 1177 29 transplant transplant VB 20467 1177 30 , , , 20467 1177 31 rarely rarely RB 20467 1177 32 offered offer VBN 20467 1177 33 in in IN 20467 1177 34 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1177 35 ; ; , 20467 1177 36 collected collected JJ 20467 1177 37 plants plant NNS 20467 1177 38 seldom seldom RB 20467 1177 39 survive survive VBP 20467 1177 40 ; ; : 20467 1177 41 a a DT 20467 1177 42 fine fine JJ 20467 1177 43 tree tree NN 20467 1177 44 for for IN 20467 1177 45 landscape landscape NN 20467 1177 46 gardening gardening NN 20467 1177 47 , , , 20467 1177 48 but but CC 20467 1177 49 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1177 50 nuts nut NNS 20467 1177 51 are be VBP 20467 1177 52 apt apt JJ 20467 1177 53 to to TO 20467 1177 54 make make VB 20467 1177 55 trouble trouble NN 20467 1177 56 in in IN 20467 1177 57 public public JJ 20467 1177 58 grounds ground NNS 20467 1177 59 . . . 20467 1178 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1178 2 from from IN 20467 1178 3 a a DT 20467 1178 4 seed seed NN 20467 1178 5 . . . 20467 1179 1 A a DT 20467 1179 2 thin thin JJ 20467 1179 3 - - HYPH 20467 1179 4 shelled shell VBN 20467 1179 5 variety variety NN 20467 1179 6 is be VBZ 20467 1179 7 in in IN 20467 1179 8 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 1179 9 . . . 20467 1180 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1180 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1180 3 : : : 20467 1180 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1180 5 XXIV.--Carya XXIV.--Carya NNP 20467 1180 6 alba alba VBZ 20467 1180 7 . . . 20467 1180 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1181 1 1 1 LS 20467 1181 2 . . . 20467 1182 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1182 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1182 3 . . . 20467 1183 1 2 2 LS 20467 1183 2 . . . 20467 1184 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1184 2 branch branch NN 20467 1184 3 . . . 20467 1185 1 3 3 LS 20467 1185 2 . . . 20467 1186 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1186 2 flower flower NN 20467 1186 3 , , , 20467 1186 4 front front JJ 20467 1186 5 view view NN 20467 1186 6 . . . 20467 1187 1 4 4 LS 20467 1187 2 . . . 20467 1188 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1188 2 flower flower NN 20467 1188 3 , , , 20467 1188 4 back back JJ 20467 1188 5 view view NN 20467 1188 6 . . . 20467 1189 1 5 5 CD 20467 1189 2 . . . 20467 1190 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1190 2 flower flower NN 20467 1190 3 . . . 20467 1191 1 6 6 CD 20467 1191 2 . . . 20467 1192 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1192 2 branch branch NN 20467 1192 3 . . . 20467 1193 1 = = NFP 20467 1193 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 1193 3 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 1193 4 , , , 20467 1193 5 Nutt.= Nutt.= NNP 20467 1193 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1193 7 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 20467 1193 8 alba alba VBZ 20467 1193 9 , , , 20467 1193 10 Britton Britton NNP 20467 1193 11 . . . 20467 1193 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1193 13 MOCKERNUT MOCKERNUT NNP 20467 1193 14 . . . 20467 1194 1 WHITE white JJ 20467 1194 2 - - HYPH 20467 1194 3 HEART HEART NNP 20467 1194 4 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 20467 1194 5 . . . 20467 1195 1 WALNUT walnut UH 20467 1195 2 . . . 20467 1196 1 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1196 2 and and CC 20467 1196 3 Range.--In range.--in JJ 20467 1196 4 various various JJ 20467 1196 5 soils soil NNS 20467 1196 6 ; ; : 20467 1196 7 woods wood NNS 20467 1196 8 , , , 20467 1196 9 dry dry JJ 20467 1196 10 , , , 20467 1196 11 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1196 12 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1196 13 , , , 20467 1196 14 mountain mountain NN 20467 1196 15 slopes slope NNS 20467 1196 16 . . . 20467 1197 1 Niagara Niagara NNP 20467 1197 2 peninsula peninsula NN 20467 1197 3 and and CC 20467 1197 4 westward westward RB 20467 1197 5 . . . 20467 1198 1 Maine Maine NNP 20467 1198 2 and and CC 20467 1198 3 Vermont,--not Vermont,--not NNP 20467 1198 4 reported report VBD 20467 1198 5 ; ; : 20467 1198 6 New New NNP 20467 1198 7 Hampshire,--sparingly hampshire,--sparingly RB 20467 1198 8 along along IN 20467 1198 9 the the DT 20467 1198 10 coast coast NN 20467 1198 11 ; ; : 20467 1198 12 Massachusetts,--rather massachusetts,--rather WRB 20467 1198 13 common common JJ 20467 1198 14 eastward eastward RB 20467 1198 15 ; ; : 20467 1198 16 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1198 17 Island Island NNP 20467 1198 18 and and CC 20467 1198 19 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1198 20 . . . 20467 1199 1 South south RB 20467 1199 2 to to IN 20467 1199 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1199 4 , , , 20467 1199 5 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1199 6 3500 3500 CD 20467 1199 7 feet foot NNS 20467 1199 8 in in IN 20467 1199 9 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 1199 10 ; ; : 20467 1199 11 west west NN 20467 1199 12 to to IN 20467 1199 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1199 14 , , , 20467 1199 15 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1199 16 , , , 20467 1199 17 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 1199 18 , , , 20467 1199 19 Indian indian JJ 20467 1199 20 territory territory NN 20467 1199 21 , , , 20467 1199 22 and and CC 20467 1199 23 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1199 24 . . . 20467 1200 1 = = NFP 20467 1200 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1200 3 tall tall JJ 20467 1200 4 and and CC 20467 1200 5 rather rather RB 20467 1200 6 slender slender NN 20467 1200 7 tree tree NN 20467 1200 8 , , , 20467 1200 9 50 50 CD 20467 1200 10 - - SYM 20467 1200 11 70 70 CD 20467 1200 12 feet foot NNS 20467 1200 13 high high JJ 20467 1200 14 , , , 20467 1200 15 with with IN 20467 1200 16 a a DT 20467 1200 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 1200 18 above above IN 20467 1200 19 the the DT 20467 1200 20 swell swell NN 20467 1200 21 of of IN 20467 1200 22 the the DT 20467 1200 23 roots root NNS 20467 1200 24 of of IN 20467 1200 25 2 2 CD 20467 1200 26 - - SYM 20467 1200 27 3 3 CD 20467 1200 28 feet foot NNS 20467 1200 29 ; ; , 20467 1200 30 attaining attain VBG 20467 1200 31 much much RB 20467 1200 32 greater great JJR 20467 1200 33 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1200 34 south south NNP 20467 1200 35 and and CC 20467 1200 36 west west NN 20467 1200 37 ; ; : 20467 1200 38 trunk trunk NN 20467 1200 39 erect erect NN 20467 1200 40 , , , 20467 1200 41 not not RB 20467 1200 42 shaggy shaggy JJ 20467 1200 43 , , , 20467 1200 44 separating separate VBG 20467 1200 45 into into IN 20467 1200 46 a a DT 20467 1200 47 few few JJ 20467 1200 48 rather rather RB 20467 1200 49 large large JJ 20467 1200 50 limbs limb NNS 20467 1200 51 and and CC 20467 1200 52 sending send VBG 20467 1200 53 out out RP 20467 1200 54 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1200 55 upper upper JJ 20467 1200 56 branches branch NNS 20467 1200 57 at at IN 20467 1200 58 a a DT 20467 1200 59 sharp sharp JJ 20467 1200 60 angle angle NN 20467 1200 61 , , , 20467 1200 62 forming form VBG 20467 1200 63 a a DT 20467 1200 64 handsome handsome JJ 20467 1200 65 , , , 20467 1200 66 wide wide RB 20467 1200 67 - - HYPH 20467 1200 68 spreading spread VBG 20467 1200 69 , , , 20467 1200 70 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 1200 71 head head NN 20467 1200 72 . . . 20467 1201 1 = = NFP 20467 1201 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1201 3 of of IN 20467 1201 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1201 5 dark dark JJ 20467 1201 6 gray gray NNP 20467 1201 7 , , , 20467 1201 8 thick thick JJ 20467 1201 9 , , , 20467 1201 10 hard hard JJ 20467 1201 11 , , , 20467 1201 12 close close JJ 20467 1201 13 , , , 20467 1201 14 and and CC 20467 1201 15 rough rough JJ 20467 1201 16 , , , 20467 1201 17 becoming become VBG 20467 1201 18 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1201 19 - - HYPH 20467 1201 20 rugged rugge VBN 20467 1201 21 - - HYPH 20467 1201 22 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1201 23 ; ; : 20467 1201 24 crinkly crinkly JJ 20467 1201 25 on on IN 20467 1201 26 small small JJ 20467 1201 27 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1201 28 and and CC 20467 1201 29 branches branch NNS 20467 1201 30 ; ; : 20467 1201 31 leaf leaf NN 20467 1201 32 - - HYPH 20467 1201 33 scars scar NNS 20467 1201 34 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1201 35 ; ; : 20467 1201 36 season season NN 20467 1201 37 's 's POS 20467 1201 38 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1201 39 stout stout IN 20467 1201 40 , , , 20467 1201 41 brown brown NNP 20467 1201 42 , , , 20467 1201 43 downy downy JJ 20467 1201 44 or or CC 20467 1201 45 dusty dusty JJ 20467 1201 46 puberulent puberulent NN 20467 1201 47 , , , 20467 1201 48 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1201 49 , , , 20467 1201 50 resinous resinous JJ 20467 1201 51 - - HYPH 20467 1201 52 scented scented JJ 20467 1201 53 . . . 20467 1202 1 = = NFP 20467 1202 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1202 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1202 4 and and CC 20467 1202 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1202 6 large large JJ 20467 1202 7 , , , 20467 1202 8 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1202 9 - - HYPH 20467 1202 10 brown brown JJ 20467 1202 11 , , , 20467 1202 12 ovate ovate NN 20467 1202 13 , , , 20467 1202 14 downy downy JJ 20467 1202 15 . . . 20467 1203 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1203 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 1203 3 compound compound VBP 20467 1203 4 , , , 20467 1203 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1203 6 , , , 20467 1203 7 15 15 CD 20467 1203 8 - - SYM 20467 1203 9 20 20 CD 20467 1203 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1203 11 long long JJ 20467 1203 12 ; ; : 20467 1203 13 rachis rachis RB 20467 1203 14 large large JJ 20467 1203 15 , , , 20467 1203 16 downy downy JJ 20467 1203 17 , , , 20467 1203 18 swollen swollen JJ 20467 1203 19 at at IN 20467 1203 20 the the DT 20467 1203 21 base base NN 20467 1203 22 ; ; : 20467 1203 23 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1203 24 none none NN 20467 1203 25 ; ; : 20467 1203 26 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 1203 27 7 7 CD 20467 1203 28 - - SYM 20467 1203 29 9 9 CD 20467 1203 30 , , , 20467 1203 31 opposite opposite JJ 20467 1203 32 , , , 20467 1203 33 large large JJ 20467 1203 34 , , , 20467 1203 35 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1203 36 - - HYPH 20467 1203 37 green green JJ 20467 1203 38 and and CC 20467 1203 39 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1203 40 above above RB 20467 1203 41 , , , 20467 1203 42 beneath beneath IN 20467 1203 43 paler paler NN 20467 1203 44 and and CC 20467 1203 45 thick thick JJ 20467 1203 46 - - HYPH 20467 1203 47 downy downy JJ 20467 1203 48 , , , 20467 1203 49 at at IN 20467 1203 50 least least JJS 20467 1203 51 when when WRB 20467 1203 52 young young JJ 20467 1203 53 , , , 20467 1203 54 turning turn VBG 20467 1203 55 to to IN 20467 1203 56 a a DT 20467 1203 57 clear clear JJ 20467 1203 58 yellow yellow NN 20467 1203 59 or or CC 20467 1203 60 russet russet NN 20467 1203 61 brown brown JJ 20467 1203 62 in in IN 20467 1203 63 autumn autumn NN 20467 1203 64 , , , 20467 1203 65 the the DT 20467 1203 66 three three CD 20467 1203 67 upper upper NNP 20467 1203 68 obovate obovate NNP 20467 1203 69 , , , 20467 1203 70 the the DT 20467 1203 71 two two CD 20467 1203 72 lower low JJR 20467 1203 73 ovate ovate NN 20467 1203 74 , , , 20467 1203 75 all all PDT 20467 1203 76 the the DT 20467 1203 77 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 1203 78 slightly slightly RB 20467 1203 79 serrate serrate VBP 20467 1203 80 or or CC 20467 1203 81 entire entire JJ 20467 1203 82 , , , 20467 1203 83 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1203 84 , , , 20467 1203 85 base base NN 20467 1203 86 acute acute NN 20467 1203 87 to to IN 20467 1203 88 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1203 89 , , , 20467 1203 90 nearly nearly RB 20467 1203 91 sessile sessile JJ 20467 1203 92 except except IN 20467 1203 93 the the DT 20467 1203 94 odd odd JJ 20467 1203 95 one one CD 20467 1203 96 . . . 20467 1204 1 Aromatic Aromatic NNP 20467 1204 2 when when WRB 20467 1204 3 bruised bruise VBN 20467 1204 4 . . . 20467 1205 1 = = NFP 20467 1205 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1205 3 . . . 20467 1206 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1206 2 and and CC 20467 1206 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1206 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 1206 5 on on IN 20467 1206 6 the the DT 20467 1206 7 same same JJ 20467 1206 8 tree tree NN 20467 1206 9 , , , 20467 1206 10 appearing appear VBG 20467 1206 11 when when WRB 20467 1206 12 the the DT 20467 1206 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 1206 14 are be VBP 20467 1206 15 fully fully RB 20467 1206 16 grown,--sterile grown,--sterile . 20467 1206 17 at at IN 20467 1206 18 the the DT 20467 1206 19 base base NN 20467 1206 20 of of IN 20467 1206 21 the the DT 20467 1206 22 season season NN 20467 1206 23 's 's POS 20467 1206 24 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1206 25 , , , 20467 1206 26 in in IN 20467 1206 27 slender slender NN 20467 1206 28 , , , 20467 1206 29 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1206 30 , , , 20467 1206 31 downy downy JJ 20467 1206 32 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1206 33 , , , 20467 1206 34 4 4 CD 20467 1206 35 - - SYM 20467 1206 36 8 8 CD 20467 1206 37 inches inch NNS 20467 1206 38 long long JJ 20467 1206 39 , , , 20467 1206 40 usually usually RB 20467 1206 41 in in IN 20467 1206 42 threes three NNS 20467 1206 43 , , , 20467 1206 44 branching branch VBG 20467 1206 45 umbel umbel NN 20467 1206 46 - - HYPH 20467 1206 47 like like JJ 20467 1206 48 from from IN 20467 1206 49 a a DT 20467 1206 50 common common JJ 20467 1206 51 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1206 52 ; ; : 20467 1206 53 scales scale NNS 20467 1206 54 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1206 55 , , , 20467 1206 56 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1206 57 ; ; : 20467 1206 58 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1206 59 adnate adnate NNP 20467 1206 60 ; ; : 20467 1206 61 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1206 62 4 4 CD 20467 1206 63 or or CC 20467 1206 64 5 5 CD 20467 1206 65 , , , 20467 1206 66 anthers anther VBZ 20467 1206 67 red red JJ 20467 1206 68 , , , 20467 1206 69 bearded beard VBN 20467 1206 70 at at IN 20467 1206 71 the the DT 20467 1206 72 tip tip NN 20467 1206 73 : : : 20467 1206 74 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1206 75 flowers flower NNS 20467 1206 76 on on IN 20467 1206 77 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 1206 78 at at IN 20467 1206 79 the the DT 20467 1206 80 end end NN 20467 1206 81 of of IN 20467 1206 82 the the DT 20467 1206 83 season season NN 20467 1206 84 's 's POS 20467 1206 85 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1206 86 ; ; : 20467 1206 87 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1206 88 toothed toothed NNP 20467 1206 89 , , , 20467 1206 90 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1206 91 , , , 20467 1206 92 adherent adherent JJ 20467 1206 93 to to IN 20467 1206 94 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1206 95 ; ; : 20467 1206 96 corolla corolla NNP 20467 1206 97 none none NN 20467 1206 98 ; ; : 20467 1206 99 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1206 100 2 2 CD 20467 1206 101 , , , 20467 1206 102 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1206 103 . . . 20467 1207 1 = = SYM 20467 1207 2 Fruit.=--October Fruit.=--October NNP 20467 1207 3 . . . 20467 1208 1 Generally generally RB 20467 1208 2 sessile sessile VB 20467 1208 3 on on IN 20467 1208 4 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1208 5 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 1208 6 , , , 20467 1208 7 single single JJ 20467 1208 8 or or CC 20467 1208 9 in in IN 20467 1208 10 pairs pair NNS 20467 1208 11 , , , 20467 1208 12 as as IN 20467 1208 13 large large JJ 20467 1208 14 or or CC 20467 1208 15 larger large JJR 20467 1208 16 than than IN 20467 1208 17 the the DT 20467 1208 18 fruit fruit NN 20467 1208 19 of of IN 20467 1208 20 the the DT 20467 1208 21 shagbark shagbark NN 20467 1208 22 , , , 20467 1208 23 or or CC 20467 1208 24 as as RB 20467 1208 25 small small JJ 20467 1208 26 as as IN 20467 1208 27 that that DT 20467 1208 28 of of IN 20467 1208 29 the the DT 20467 1208 30 pignut pignut JJ 20467 1208 31 , , , 20467 1208 32 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1208 33 - - HYPH 20467 1208 34 globose globose NN 20467 1208 35 to to TO 20467 1208 36 globose globose VB 20467 1208 37 : : : 20467 1208 38 husk husk NN 20467 1208 39 hard hard RB 20467 1208 40 and and CC 20467 1208 41 thick thick JJ 20467 1208 42 , , , 20467 1208 43 separating separate VBG 20467 1208 44 in in IN 20467 1208 45 4 4 CD 20467 1208 46 segments segment NNS 20467 1208 47 nearly nearly RB 20467 1208 48 to to IN 20467 1208 49 the the DT 20467 1208 50 base base NN 20467 1208 51 , , , 20467 1208 52 strong strong JJ 20467 1208 53 - - HYPH 20467 1208 54 scented scented JJ 20467 1208 55 : : : 20467 1208 56 nut nut NNP 20467 1208 57 globular globular NNP 20467 1208 58 , , , 20467 1208 59 4-ridged 4-ridged CD 20467 1208 60 near near IN 20467 1208 61 the the DT 20467 1208 62 top top JJ 20467 1208 63 , , , 20467 1208 64 thick thick JJ 20467 1208 65 - - HYPH 20467 1208 66 shelled shell VBN 20467 1208 67 : : : 20467 1208 68 kernel kernel NN 20467 1208 69 usually usually RB 20467 1208 70 small small JJ 20467 1208 71 , , , 20467 1208 72 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1208 73 , , , 20467 1208 74 edible edible JJ 20467 1208 75 . . . 20467 1209 1 The the DT 20467 1209 2 superior superior JJ 20467 1209 3 size size NN 20467 1209 4 of of IN 20467 1209 5 the the DT 20467 1209 6 fruit fruit NN 20467 1209 7 and and CC 20467 1209 8 the the DT 20467 1209 9 smallness smallness NN 20467 1209 10 of of IN 20467 1209 11 the the DT 20467 1209 12 kernel kernel NN 20467 1209 13 probably probably RB 20467 1209 14 give give VBP 20467 1209 15 rise rise NN 20467 1209 16 to to IN 20467 1209 17 the the DT 20467 1209 18 common common JJ 20467 1209 19 name name NN 20467 1209 20 , , , 20467 1209 21 " " '' 20467 1209 22 mockernut mockernut FW 20467 1209 23 . . . 20467 1209 24 " " '' 20467 1210 1 = = NFP 20467 1210 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1210 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1210 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1210 5 New New NNP 20467 1210 6 England England NNP 20467 1210 7 ; ; : 20467 1210 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1210 9 a a DT 20467 1210 10 rich rich JJ 20467 1210 11 , , , 20467 1210 12 well well RB 20467 1210 13 - - HYPH 20467 1210 14 drained drain VBN 20467 1210 15 soil soil NN 20467 1210 16 , , , 20467 1210 17 but but CC 20467 1210 18 grows grow VBZ 20467 1210 19 well well RB 20467 1210 20 in in IN 20467 1210 21 rocky rocky NNP 20467 1210 22 , , , 20467 1210 23 ledgy ledgy NNP 20467 1210 24 , , , 20467 1210 25 exposed expose VBN 20467 1210 26 situations situation NNS 20467 1210 27 , , , 20467 1210 28 and and CC 20467 1210 29 is be VBZ 20467 1210 30 seldom seldom RB 20467 1210 31 disfigured disfigure VBN 20467 1210 32 by by IN 20467 1210 33 insect insect JJ 20467 1210 34 enemies enemy NNS 20467 1210 35 . . . 20467 1211 1 Young young JJ 20467 1211 2 trees tree NNS 20467 1211 3 have have VBP 20467 1211 4 large large JJ 20467 1211 5 , , , 20467 1211 6 deep deep JJ 20467 1211 7 roots root NNS 20467 1211 8 , , , 20467 1211 9 and and CC 20467 1211 10 are be VBP 20467 1211 11 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1211 12 to to TO 20467 1211 13 transplant transplant VB 20467 1211 14 successfully successfully RB 20467 1211 15 unless unless IN 20467 1211 16 they -PRON- PRP 20467 1211 17 have have VBP 20467 1211 18 been be VBN 20467 1211 19 frequently frequently RB 20467 1211 20 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 1211 21 in in IN 20467 1211 22 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1211 23 , , , 20467 1211 24 from from IN 20467 1211 25 which which WDT 20467 1211 26 , , , 20467 1211 27 however however RB 20467 1211 28 , , , 20467 1211 29 they -PRON- PRP 20467 1211 30 are be VBP 20467 1211 31 seldom seldom RB 20467 1211 32 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1211 33 . . . 20467 1212 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1212 2 from from IN 20467 1212 3 seed seed NN 20467 1212 4 . . . 20467 1213 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1213 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1213 3 : : : 20467 1213 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1213 5 XXV.--Carya xxv.--carya NN 20467 1213 6 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 1213 7 . . . 20467 1213 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1214 1 1 1 LS 20467 1214 2 . . . 20467 1215 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1215 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1215 3 . . . 20467 1216 1 2 2 LS 20467 1216 2 . . . 20467 1217 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1217 2 branch branch NN 20467 1217 3 . . . 20467 1218 1 3 3 LS 20467 1218 2 . . . 20467 1219 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1219 2 flower flower NN 20467 1219 3 , , , 20467 1219 4 front front JJ 20467 1219 5 view view NN 20467 1219 6 . . . 20467 1220 1 4 4 LS 20467 1220 2 . . . 20467 1221 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1221 2 flower flower NN 20467 1221 3 , , , 20467 1221 4 side side NN 20467 1221 5 view view NN 20467 1221 6 . . . 20467 1222 1 5 5 CD 20467 1222 2 . . . 20467 1223 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1223 2 flower flower NN 20467 1223 3 , , , 20467 1223 4 top top JJ 20467 1223 5 view view NN 20467 1223 6 . . . 20467 1224 1 6 6 CD 20467 1224 2 . . . 20467 1225 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1225 2 flower flower NN 20467 1225 3 , , , 20467 1225 4 side side NN 20467 1225 5 view view NN 20467 1225 6 . . . 20467 1226 1 7 7 LS 20467 1226 2 . . . 20467 1227 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1227 2 branch branch NN 20467 1227 3 . . . 20467 1228 1 = = NFP 20467 1228 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 1228 3 porcina porcina NNP 20467 1228 4 , , , 20467 1228 5 Nutt.= Nutt.= NNP 20467 1228 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1228 7 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 20467 1228 8 glabra glabra NN 20467 1228 9 , , , 20467 1228 10 Britton Britton NNP 20467 1228 11 _ _ NNP 20467 1228 12 . . . 20467 1229 1 PIGNUT PIGNUT NNS 20467 1229 2 . . . 20467 1230 1 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1230 2 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 20467 1230 3 . . . 20467 1231 1 = = NFP 20467 1231 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1231 3 and and CC 20467 1231 4 Range.=--Woods range.=--wood NNS 20467 1231 5 , , , 20467 1231 6 dry dry JJ 20467 1231 7 hills hill NNS 20467 1231 8 , , , 20467 1231 9 and and CC 20467 1231 10 uplands upland NNS 20467 1231 11 . . . 20467 1232 1 Niagara Niagara NNP 20467 1232 2 peninsula peninsula NN 20467 1232 3 and and CC 20467 1232 4 along along IN 20467 1232 5 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1232 6 Erie Erie NNP 20467 1232 7 . . . 20467 1233 1 Maine,--frequent maine,--frequent NN 20467 1233 2 in in IN 20467 1233 3 the the DT 20467 1233 4 southern southern JJ 20467 1233 5 corner corner NN 20467 1233 6 of of IN 20467 1233 7 York York NNP 20467 1233 8 county county NN 20467 1233 9 ; ; : 20467 1233 10 New New NNP 20467 1233 11 Hampshire,--common Hampshire,--common NNP 20467 1233 12 toward toward IN 20467 1233 13 the the DT 20467 1233 14 coast coast NN 20467 1233 15 and and CC 20467 1233 16 along along IN 20467 1233 17 the the DT 20467 1233 18 lower low JJR 20467 1233 19 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 1233 20 valley valley NN 20467 1233 21 ; ; : 20467 1233 22 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1233 23 on on IN 20467 1233 24 hills hill NNS 20467 1233 25 near near IN 20467 1233 26 the the DT 20467 1233 27 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1233 28 river river NN 20467 1233 29 , , , 20467 1233 30 but but CC 20467 1233 31 only only RB 20467 1233 32 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1233 33 above above IN 20467 1233 34 Bellows Bellows NNP 20467 1233 35 Falls Falls NNP 20467 1233 36 ; ; : 20467 1233 37 Vermont,--Marsh Vermont,--Marsh NNP 20467 1233 38 Hill Hill NNP 20467 1233 39 , , , 20467 1233 40 Ferrisburgh Ferrisburgh NNP 20467 1233 41 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1233 42 Brainerd Brainerd NNP 20467 1233 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1233 44 ; ; : 20467 1233 45 W. W. NNP 20467 1233 46 Castleton Castleton NNP 20467 1233 47 and and CC 20467 1233 48 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 1233 49 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1233 50 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 1233 51 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1233 52 ; ; : 20467 1233 53 Massachusetts,--common Massachusetts,--common NNP 20467 1233 54 eastward eastward RB 20467 1233 55 ; ; , 20467 1233 56 along along IN 20467 1233 57 the the DT 20467 1233 58 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1233 59 river river NNP 20467 1233 60 valley valley NNP 20467 1233 61 and and CC 20467 1233 62 some some DT 20467 1233 63 of of IN 20467 1233 64 the the DT 20467 1233 65 tributary tributary JJ 20467 1233 66 valleys valley NNS 20467 1233 67 more more RBR 20467 1233 68 common common JJ 20467 1233 69 than than IN 20467 1233 70 the the DT 20467 1233 71 shagbark shagbark NN 20467 1233 72 ; ; : 20467 1233 73 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1233 74 Island Island NNP 20467 1233 75 and and CC 20467 1233 76 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1233 77 . . . 20467 1234 1 South south RB 20467 1234 2 to to IN 20467 1234 3 the the DT 20467 1234 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 1234 5 of of IN 20467 1234 6 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 1234 7 ; ; : 20467 1234 8 west west NN 20467 1234 9 to to IN 20467 1234 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1234 11 , , , 20467 1234 12 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1234 13 , , , 20467 1234 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1234 15 , , , 20467 1234 16 Indian indian JJ 20467 1234 17 territory territory NN 20467 1234 18 , , , 20467 1234 19 and and CC 20467 1234 20 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1234 21 . . . 20467 1235 1 = = NFP 20467 1235 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1235 3 stately stately JJ 20467 1235 4 tree tree NN 20467 1235 5 , , , 20467 1235 6 50 50 CD 20467 1235 7 - - SYM 20467 1235 8 65 65 CD 20467 1235 9 feet foot NNS 20467 1235 10 high high JJ 20467 1235 11 , , , 20467 1235 12 reaching reach VBG 20467 1235 13 in in IN 20467 1235 14 the the DT 20467 1235 15 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1235 16 basin basin NN 20467 1235 17 a a DT 20467 1235 18 height height NN 20467 1235 19 of of IN 20467 1235 20 120 120 CD 20467 1235 21 feet foot NNS 20467 1235 22 ; ; : 20467 1235 23 trunk trunk NN 20467 1235 24 2 2 CD 20467 1235 25 - - SYM 20467 1235 26 5 5 CD 20467 1235 27 feet foot NNS 20467 1235 28 in in IN 20467 1235 29 diameter diameter NN 20467 1235 30 , , , 20467 1235 31 gradually gradually RB 20467 1235 32 tapering taper VBG 20467 1235 33 , , , 20467 1235 34 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 1235 35 by by IN 20467 1235 36 a a DT 20467 1235 37 large large JJ 20467 1235 38 , , , 20467 1235 39 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1235 40 , , , 20467 1235 41 open open JJ 20467 1235 42 , , , 20467 1235 43 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1235 44 , , , 20467 1235 45 or or CC 20467 1235 46 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 1235 47 head head NN 20467 1235 48 , , , 20467 1235 49 often often RB 20467 1235 50 of of IN 20467 1235 51 great great JJ 20467 1235 52 beauty beauty NN 20467 1235 53 . . . 20467 1236 1 = = NFP 20467 1236 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1236 3 of of IN 20467 1236 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1236 5 dark dark JJ 20467 1236 6 ash ash NN 20467 1236 7 - - HYPH 20467 1236 8 gray gray JJ 20467 1236 9 , , , 20467 1236 10 uniformly uniformly JJ 20467 1236 11 but but CC 20467 1236 12 very very RB 20467 1236 13 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1236 14 roughened roughen VBN 20467 1236 15 , , , 20467 1236 16 in in IN 20467 1236 17 old old JJ 20467 1236 18 trees tree NNS 20467 1236 19 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1236 20 or or CC 20467 1236 21 broken break VBN 20467 1236 22 into into IN 20467 1236 23 rough rough JJ 20467 1236 24 and and CC 20467 1236 25 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1236 26 projecting project VBG 20467 1236 27 plates plate NNS 20467 1236 28 ; ; : 20467 1236 29 branches branch NNS 20467 1236 30 gray gray JJ 20467 1236 31 ; ; : 20467 1236 32 leaf leaf NN 20467 1236 33 - - HYPH 20467 1236 34 scars scar NNS 20467 1236 35 rather rather RB 20467 1236 36 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1236 37 ; ; : 20467 1236 38 season season NN 20467 1236 39 's 's POS 20467 1236 40 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1236 41 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1236 42 or or CC 20467 1236 43 nearly nearly RB 20467 1236 44 so so RB 20467 1236 45 , , , 20467 1236 46 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1236 47 changing change VBG 20467 1236 48 to to IN 20467 1236 49 gray gray VB 20467 1236 50 , , , 20467 1236 51 with with IN 20467 1236 52 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1236 53 dots dot NNS 20467 1236 54 . . . 20467 1237 1 = = NFP 20467 1237 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1237 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1237 4 and and CC 20467 1237 5 Leaves.=--Lateral leaves.=--lateral JJ 20467 1237 6 buds bud NNS 20467 1237 7 smaller small JJR 20467 1237 8 than than IN 20467 1237 9 in in IN 20467 1237 10 _ _ NNP 20467 1237 11 C. C. NNP 20467 1238 1 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 1238 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1238 3 , , , 20467 1238 4 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1238 5 , , , 20467 1238 6 pointed point VBD 20467 1238 7 ; ; : 20467 1238 8 terminal terminal NN 20467 1238 9 , , , 20467 1238 10 globular globular JJ 20467 1238 11 , , , 20467 1238 12 with with IN 20467 1238 13 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1238 14 apex apex NN 20467 1238 15 ; ; : 20467 1238 16 scales scale NNS 20467 1238 17 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1238 18 , , , 20467 1238 19 the the DT 20467 1238 20 inner inner JJ 20467 1238 21 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1238 22 , , , 20467 1238 23 lengthening lengthen VBG 20467 1238 24 to to IN 20467 1238 25 1 1 CD 20467 1238 26 or or CC 20467 1238 27 2 2 CD 20467 1238 28 inches inch NNS 20467 1238 29 , , , 20467 1238 30 not not RB 20467 1238 31 dropping drop VBG 20467 1238 32 till till IN 20467 1238 33 after after IN 20467 1238 34 expansion expansion NN 20467 1238 35 of of IN 20467 1238 36 the the DT 20467 1238 37 leaves leave NNS 20467 1238 38 . . . 20467 1239 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1239 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 1239 3 compound compound VBP 20467 1239 4 , , , 20467 1239 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1239 6 , , , 20467 1239 7 10 10 CD 20467 1239 8 - - SYM 20467 1239 9 18 18 CD 20467 1239 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1239 11 long long JJ 20467 1239 12 ; ; : 20467 1239 13 petiole petiole NN 20467 1239 14 long long JJ 20467 1239 15 and and CC 20467 1239 16 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1239 17 ; ; : 20467 1239 18 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1239 19 none none NN 20467 1239 20 ; ; : 20467 1239 21 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 1239 22 5 5 CD 20467 1239 23 - - SYM 20467 1239 24 7 7 CD 20467 1239 25 , , , 20467 1239 26 opposite opposite JJ 20467 1239 27 , , , 20467 1239 28 2 2 CD 20467 1239 29 - - SYM 20467 1239 30 5 5 CD 20467 1239 31 inches inch NNS 20467 1239 32 long long JJ 20467 1239 33 , , , 20467 1239 34 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1239 35 - - HYPH 20467 1239 36 green green JJ 20467 1239 37 above above RB 20467 1239 38 , , , 20467 1239 39 paler paler NN 20467 1239 40 beneath beneath NNP 20467 1239 41 , , , 20467 1239 42 turning turn VBG 20467 1239 43 to to IN 20467 1239 44 an an DT 20467 1239 45 orange orange NNP 20467 1239 46 brown brown NNP 20467 1239 47 in in IN 20467 1239 48 autumn autumn NN 20467 1239 49 , , , 20467 1239 50 smooth smooth VB 20467 1239 51 on on IN 20467 1239 52 both both DT 20467 1239 53 sides side NNS 20467 1239 54 ; ; : 20467 1239 55 outline outline NN 20467 1239 56 , , , 20467 1239 57 the the DT 20467 1239 58 three three CD 20467 1239 59 upper upper NNP 20467 1239 60 obovate obovate NNP 20467 1239 61 , , , 20467 1239 62 the the DT 20467 1239 63 two two CD 20467 1239 64 lower low JJR 20467 1239 65 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1239 66 - - HYPH 20467 1239 67 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1239 68 , , , 20467 1239 69 all all DT 20467 1239 70 taper taper NN 20467 1239 71 - - HYPH 20467 1239 72 pointed point VBN 20467 1239 73 ; ; : 20467 1239 74 base base NN 20467 1239 75 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1239 76 , , , 20467 1239 77 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1239 78 acute acute JJ 20467 1239 79 , , , 20467 1239 80 especially especially RB 20467 1239 81 in in IN 20467 1239 82 the the DT 20467 1239 83 odd odd JJ 20467 1239 84 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1239 85 . . . 20467 1240 1 = = NFP 20467 1240 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1240 3 . . . 20467 1241 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1241 2 and and CC 20467 1241 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1241 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 1241 5 on on IN 20467 1241 6 the the DT 20467 1241 7 same same JJ 20467 1241 8 tree tree NN 20467 1241 9 , , , 20467 1241 10 appearing appear VBG 20467 1241 11 when when WRB 20467 1241 12 the the DT 20467 1241 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 1241 14 are be VBP 20467 1241 15 fully fully RB 20467 1241 16 grown,--sterile grown,--sterile . 20467 1241 17 at at IN 20467 1241 18 the the DT 20467 1241 19 base base NN 20467 1241 20 of of IN 20467 1241 21 the the DT 20467 1241 22 season season NN 20467 1241 23 's 's POS 20467 1241 24 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1241 25 , , , 20467 1241 26 in in IN 20467 1241 27 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1241 28 , , , 20467 1241 29 downy downy JJ 20467 1241 30 , , , 20467 1241 31 slender slender NN 20467 1241 32 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1241 33 , , , 20467 1241 34 3 3 CD 20467 1241 35 - - SYM 20467 1241 36 5 5 CD 20467 1241 37 inches inch NNS 20467 1241 38 long long JJ 20467 1241 39 , , , 20467 1241 40 usually usually RB 20467 1241 41 in in IN 20467 1241 42 threes three NNS 20467 1241 43 , , , 20467 1241 44 branching branch VBG 20467 1241 45 umbel umbel NN 20467 1241 46 - - HYPH 20467 1241 47 like like JJ 20467 1241 48 from from IN 20467 1241 49 a a DT 20467 1241 50 common common JJ 20467 1241 51 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1241 52 ; ; : 20467 1241 53 scales scale NNS 20467 1241 54 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1241 55 , , , 20467 1241 56 nearly nearly RB 20467 1241 57 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1241 58 , , , 20467 1241 59 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1241 60 of of IN 20467 1241 61 nearly nearly RB 20467 1241 62 equal equal JJ 20467 1241 63 length length NN 20467 1241 64 , , , 20467 1241 65 pointed point VBD 20467 1241 66 , , , 20467 1241 67 the the DT 20467 1241 68 middle middle JJ 20467 1241 69 narrower narrower NN 20467 1241 70 ; ; , 20467 1241 71 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1241 72 mostly mostly RB 20467 1241 73 4 4 CD 20467 1241 74 , , , 20467 1241 75 anthers anther NNS 20467 1241 76 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1241 77 , , , 20467 1241 78 beset beset VBP 20467 1241 79 with with IN 20467 1241 80 white white JJ 20467 1241 81 hairs hair NNS 20467 1241 82 : : : 20467 1241 83 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1241 84 flowers flower NNS 20467 1241 85 at at IN 20467 1241 86 the the DT 20467 1241 87 ends end NNS 20467 1241 88 of of IN 20467 1241 89 the the DT 20467 1241 90 season season NN 20467 1241 91 's 's POS 20467 1241 92 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1241 93 ; ; : 20467 1241 94 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1241 95 4-toothed 4-toothed CD 20467 1241 96 , , , 20467 1241 97 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1241 98 , , , 20467 1241 99 adherent adherent JJ 20467 1241 100 to to IN 20467 1241 101 the the DT 20467 1241 102 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1241 103 ; ; : 20467 1241 104 corolla corolla NN 20467 1241 105 none none NN 20467 1241 106 ; ; : 20467 1241 107 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1241 108 2 2 CD 20467 1241 109 . . . 20467 1242 1 = = SYM 20467 1242 2 Fruit.=--October Fruit.=--October NNP 20467 1242 3 . . . 20467 1243 1 Single single JJ 20467 1243 2 or or CC 20467 1243 3 in in IN 20467 1243 4 pairs pair NNS 20467 1243 5 , , , 20467 1243 6 sessile sessile VB 20467 1243 7 on on IN 20467 1243 8 a a DT 20467 1243 9 short short JJ 20467 1243 10 , , , 20467 1243 11 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1243 12 stalk stalk NN 20467 1243 13 , , , 20467 1243 14 shape shape NN 20467 1243 15 and and CC 20467 1243 16 size size NN 20467 1243 17 extremely extremely RB 20467 1243 18 variable variable JJ 20467 1243 19 , , , 20467 1243 20 pear pear NN 20467 1243 21 - - HYPH 20467 1243 22 shaped shape VBN 20467 1243 23 , , , 20467 1243 24 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1243 25 , , , 20467 1243 26 round round JJ 20467 1243 27 , , , 20467 1243 28 or or CC 20467 1243 29 obovate obovate VB 20467 1243 30 , , , 20467 1243 31 usually usually RB 20467 1243 32 about about RB 20467 1243 33 1 1 CD 20467 1243 34 - - SYM 20467 1243 35 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1243 36 inches inch NNS 20467 1243 37 in in IN 20467 1243 38 diameter diameter NN 20467 1243 39 : : : 20467 1243 40 husk husk NNP 20467 1243 41 thin thin JJ 20467 1243 42 , , , 20467 1243 43 green green JJ 20467 1243 44 turning turning NN 20467 1243 45 to to IN 20467 1243 46 brown brown NNP 20467 1243 47 , , , 20467 1243 48 when when WRB 20467 1243 49 ripe ripe JJ 20467 1243 50 parting parting NN 20467 1243 51 in in IN 20467 1243 52 four four CD 20467 1243 53 sections section NNS 20467 1243 54 to to IN 20467 1243 55 the the DT 20467 1243 56 center center NN 20467 1243 57 and and CC 20467 1243 58 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1243 59 nearly nearly RB 20467 1243 60 to to IN 20467 1243 61 the the DT 20467 1243 62 base base NN 20467 1243 63 : : : 20467 1243 64 nut nut NNP 20467 1243 65 rather rather RB 20467 1243 66 thick thick RB 20467 1243 67 - - HYPH 20467 1243 68 shelled shelled JJ 20467 1243 69 , , , 20467 1243 70 not not RB 20467 1243 71 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1243 72 , , , 20467 1243 73 not not RB 20467 1243 74 sharp sharp RB 20467 1243 75 - - HYPH 20467 1243 76 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1243 77 : : : 20467 1243 78 kernel kernel NN 20467 1243 79 much much JJ 20467 1243 80 inferior inferior JJ 20467 1243 81 in in IN 20467 1243 82 flavor flavor NN 20467 1243 83 to to IN 20467 1243 84 that that DT 20467 1243 85 of of IN 20467 1243 86 the the DT 20467 1243 87 shagbark shagbark NN 20467 1243 88 . . . 20467 1244 1 = = NFP 20467 1244 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1244 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1244 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1244 5 New New NNP 20467 1244 6 England England NNP 20467 1244 7 ; ; : 20467 1244 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1244 9 in in IN 20467 1244 10 all all DT 20467 1244 11 well well RB 20467 1244 12 - - HYPH 20467 1244 13 drained drain VBN 20467 1244 14 soils soil NNS 20467 1244 15 , , , 20467 1244 16 but but CC 20467 1244 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1244 18 a a DT 20467 1244 19 deep deep JJ 20467 1244 20 , , , 20467 1244 21 rich rich JJ 20467 1244 22 loam loam NN 20467 1244 23 ; ; : 20467 1244 24 a a DT 20467 1244 25 desirable desirable JJ 20467 1244 26 tree tree NN 20467 1244 27 for for IN 20467 1244 28 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 1244 29 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1244 30 , , , 20467 1244 31 especially especially RB 20467 1244 32 in in IN 20467 1244 33 lawns lawn NNS 20467 1244 34 , , , 20467 1244 35 as as IN 20467 1244 36 the the DT 20467 1244 37 deep deep JJ 20467 1244 38 roots root NNS 20467 1244 39 do do VBP 20467 1244 40 not not RB 20467 1244 41 interfere interfere VB 20467 1244 42 with with IN 20467 1244 43 the the DT 20467 1244 44 growth growth NN 20467 1244 45 of of IN 20467 1244 46 grass grass NN 20467 1244 47 above above IN 20467 1244 48 them -PRON- PRP 20467 1244 49 ; ; : 20467 1244 50 ill ill RB 20467 1244 51 - - HYPH 20467 1244 52 adapted adapt VBN 20467 1244 53 , , , 20467 1244 54 like like IN 20467 1244 55 all all PDT 20467 1244 56 the the DT 20467 1244 57 hickories hickory NNS 20467 1244 58 , , , 20467 1244 59 for for IN 20467 1244 60 streets street NNS 20467 1244 61 , , , 20467 1244 62 as as IN 20467 1244 63 the the DT 20467 1244 64 nuts nut NNS 20467 1244 65 are be VBP 20467 1244 66 liable liable JJ 20467 1244 67 to to TO 20467 1244 68 cause cause VB 20467 1244 69 trouble trouble NN 20467 1244 70 ; ; : 20467 1244 71 less less RBR 20467 1244 72 readily readily RB 20467 1244 73 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1244 74 in in IN 20467 1244 75 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1244 76 than than IN 20467 1244 77 the the DT 20467 1244 78 shellbark shellbark NNP 20467 1244 79 hickory hickory NN 20467 1244 80 and and CC 20467 1244 81 equally equally RB 20467 1244 82 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1244 83 to to TO 20467 1244 84 transplant transplant VB 20467 1244 85 . . . 20467 1245 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1245 2 from from IN 20467 1245 3 the the DT 20467 1245 4 seed seed NN 20467 1245 5 . . . 20467 1246 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1246 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1246 3 : : : 20467 1246 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1246 5 XXVI.--Carya XXVI.--Carya NNP 20467 1246 6 porcina porcina NNP 20467 1246 7 . . . 20467 1246 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1247 1 1 1 LS 20467 1247 2 . . . 20467 1248 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1248 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1248 3 . . . 20467 1249 1 2 2 LS 20467 1249 2 . . . 20467 1250 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1250 2 branch branch NN 20467 1250 3 . . . 20467 1251 1 3 3 CD 20467 1251 2 , , , 20467 1251 3 4 4 CD 20467 1251 4 . . . 20467 1252 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1252 2 flower flower NN 20467 1252 3 , , , 20467 1252 4 back back JJ 20467 1252 5 view view NN 20467 1252 6 . . . 20467 1253 1 5 5 CD 20467 1253 2 . . . 20467 1254 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1254 2 flower flower NN 20467 1254 3 , , , 20467 1254 4 side side NN 20467 1254 5 view view NN 20467 1254 6 . . . 20467 1255 1 6 6 CD 20467 1255 2 . . . 20467 1256 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1256 2 branch branch NN 20467 1256 3 . . . 20467 1257 1 = = NFP 20467 1257 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 1257 3 amara amara NN 20467 1257 4 , , , 20467 1257 5 Nutt.= Nutt.= NNP 20467 1257 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1257 7 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 20467 1257 8 minima minima NN 20467 1257 9 , , , 20467 1257 10 Britton Britton NNP 20467 1257 11 _ _ NNP 20467 1257 12 . . . 20467 1258 1 BITTERNUT BITTERNUT NNS 20467 1258 2 . . . 20467 1259 1 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 1259 2 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 20467 1259 3 . . . 20467 1260 1 = = NFP 20467 1260 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1260 3 and and CC 20467 1260 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1260 5 varying vary VBG 20467 1260 6 soils soil NNS 20467 1260 7 and and CC 20467 1260 8 situations situation NNS 20467 1260 9 ; ; : 20467 1260 10 wet wet JJ 20467 1260 11 woods wood NNS 20467 1260 12 , , , 20467 1260 13 low low JJ 20467 1260 14 , , , 20467 1260 15 damp damp JJ 20467 1260 16 fields field NNS 20467 1260 17 , , , 20467 1260 18 river river NN 20467 1260 19 valleys valley NNS 20467 1260 20 , , , 20467 1260 21 along along IN 20467 1260 22 roadsides roadside NNS 20467 1260 23 , , , 20467 1260 24 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1260 25 upon upon IN 20467 1260 26 uplands upland NNS 20467 1260 27 and and CC 20467 1260 28 hill hill NN 20467 1260 29 slopes slope NNS 20467 1260 30 . . . 20467 1261 1 From from IN 20467 1261 2 Montreal Montreal NNP 20467 1261 3 west west NN 20467 1261 4 to to IN 20467 1261 5 Georgian georgian JJ 20467 1261 6 bay bay NN 20467 1261 7 . . . 20467 1262 1 Maine,--southward Maine,--southward NNP 20467 1262 2 , , , 20467 1262 3 rare rare JJ 20467 1262 4 ; ; : 20467 1262 5 New New NNP 20467 1262 6 Hampshire,--eastern Hampshire,--eastern NNP 20467 1262 7 limit limit NN 20467 1262 8 in in IN 20467 1262 9 the the DT 20467 1262 10 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1262 11 valley valley NN 20467 1262 12 , , , 20467 1262 13 where where WRB 20467 1262 14 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1262 15 ranges range VBZ 20467 1262 16 farther far RBR 20467 1262 17 north north RB 20467 1262 18 than than IN 20467 1262 19 any any DT 20467 1262 20 other other JJ 20467 1262 21 of of IN 20467 1262 22 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1262 23 hickories hickory NNS 20467 1262 24 , , , 20467 1262 25 reaching reach VBG 20467 1262 26 Well well UH 20467 1262 27 's 's POS 20467 1262 28 river river NN 20467 1262 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1262 30 Jessup Jessup NNP 20467 1262 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1262 32 ; ; : 20467 1262 33 Vermont,--occasional Vermont,--occasional NNP 20467 1262 34 west west NNP 20467 1262 35 of of IN 20467 1262 36 the the DT 20467 1262 37 Green green JJ 20467 1262 38 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1262 39 and and CC 20467 1262 40 in in IN 20467 1262 41 the the DT 20467 1262 42 southern southern JJ 20467 1262 43 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1262 44 valley valley NN 20467 1262 45 ; ; : 20467 1262 46 Massachusetts,--rather Massachusetts,--rather NNP 20467 1262 47 common common JJ 20467 1262 48 , , , 20467 1262 49 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1262 50 in in IN 20467 1262 51 the the DT 20467 1262 52 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 1262 53 of of IN 20467 1262 54 Boston Boston NNP 20467 1262 55 ; ; : 20467 1262 56 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1262 57 Island Island NNP 20467 1262 58 and and CC 20467 1262 59 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1262 60 . . . 20467 1263 1 South south RB 20467 1263 2 to to IN 20467 1263 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1263 4 , , , 20467 1263 5 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1263 6 3500 3500 CD 20467 1263 7 feet foot NNS 20467 1263 8 in in IN 20467 1263 9 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 1263 10 ; ; : 20467 1263 11 west west NN 20467 1263 12 to to IN 20467 1263 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1263 14 , , , 20467 1263 15 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1263 16 , , , 20467 1263 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1263 18 , , , 20467 1263 19 Indian indian JJ 20467 1263 20 territory territory NN 20467 1263 21 , , , 20467 1263 22 and and CC 20467 1263 23 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1263 24 . . . 20467 1264 1 = = NFP 20467 1264 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1264 3 tall tall JJ 20467 1264 4 , , , 20467 1264 5 slender slender NN 20467 1264 6 tree tree NN 20467 1264 7 , , , 20467 1264 8 50 50 CD 20467 1264 9 - - SYM 20467 1264 10 75 75 CD 20467 1264 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1264 12 high high JJ 20467 1264 13 and and CC 20467 1264 14 1 1 CD 20467 1264 15 foot-2 foot-2 NNP 20467 1264 16 - - HYPH 20467 1264 17 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1264 18 feet foot NNS 20467 1264 19 in in IN 20467 1264 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 1264 21 at at IN 20467 1264 22 the the DT 20467 1264 23 ground ground NN 20467 1264 24 , , , 20467 1264 25 reaching reach VBG 20467 1264 26 greater great JJR 20467 1264 27 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1264 28 southward southward RB 20467 1264 29 . . . 20467 1265 1 The the DT 20467 1265 2 trunk trunk NN 20467 1265 3 , , , 20467 1265 4 tapering taper VBG 20467 1265 5 gradually gradually RB 20467 1265 6 to to IN 20467 1265 7 the the DT 20467 1265 8 point point NN 20467 1265 9 of of IN 20467 1265 10 branching branching NN 20467 1265 11 , , , 20467 1265 12 develops develop VBZ 20467 1265 13 a a DT 20467 1265 14 capacious capacious JJ 20467 1265 15 , , , 20467 1265 16 spreading spread VBG 20467 1265 17 head head NN 20467 1265 18 , , , 20467 1265 19 usually usually RB 20467 1265 20 widest wide JJS 20467 1265 21 near near IN 20467 1265 22 the the DT 20467 1265 23 top top NN 20467 1265 24 , , , 20467 1265 25 with with IN 20467 1265 26 lively lively JJ 20467 1265 27 green green NN 20467 1265 28 , , , 20467 1265 29 finely finely RB 20467 1265 30 cut cut VBN 20467 1265 31 foliage foliage NN 20467 1265 32 of of IN 20467 1265 33 great great JJ 20467 1265 34 beauty beauty NN 20467 1265 35 , , , 20467 1265 36 turning turn VBG 20467 1265 37 to to IN 20467 1265 38 a a DT 20467 1265 39 rich rich JJ 20467 1265 40 orange orange NN 20467 1265 41 in in IN 20467 1265 42 autumn autumn NN 20467 1265 43 . . . 20467 1266 1 Easily easily RB 20467 1266 2 recognized recognize VBN 20467 1266 3 in in IN 20467 1266 4 winter winter NN 20467 1266 5 by by IN 20467 1266 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1266 7 flat flat JJ 20467 1266 8 , , , 20467 1266 9 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1266 10 buds bud NNS 20467 1266 11 . . . 20467 1267 1 = = NFP 20467 1267 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1267 3 of of IN 20467 1267 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 1267 5 gray gray NNP 20467 1267 6 , , , 20467 1267 7 close close JJ 20467 1267 8 , , , 20467 1267 9 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1267 10 , , , 20467 1267 11 rarely rarely RB 20467 1267 12 flaking flake VBG 20467 1267 13 off off RP 20467 1267 14 in in IN 20467 1267 15 thin thin JJ 20467 1267 16 plates plate NNS 20467 1267 17 ; ; : 20467 1267 18 branches branch NNS 20467 1267 19 and and CC 20467 1267 20 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1267 21 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1267 22 ; ; : 20467 1267 23 leaf leaf NN 20467 1267 24 - - HYPH 20467 1267 25 scars scar NNS 20467 1267 26 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1267 27 ; ; : 20467 1267 28 season season NN 20467 1267 29 's 's POS 20467 1267 30 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1267 31 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1267 32 , , , 20467 1267 33 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1267 34 , , , 20467 1267 35 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1267 36 - - HYPH 20467 1267 37 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1267 38 . . . 20467 1268 1 = = NFP 20467 1268 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1268 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1268 4 and and CC 20467 1268 5 Leaves.=--Terminal leaves.=--terminal JJ 20467 1268 6 buds bud NNS 20467 1268 7 long long JJ 20467 1268 8 , , , 20467 1268 9 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1268 10 , , , 20467 1268 11 flattish flattish JJ 20467 1268 12 , , , 20467 1268 13 often often RB 20467 1268 14 scythe scythe NN 20467 1268 15 - - HYPH 20467 1268 16 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1268 17 , , , 20467 1268 18 pointed point VBD 20467 1268 19 , , , 20467 1268 20 with with IN 20467 1268 21 a a DT 20467 1268 22 granulated granulate VBN 20467 1268 23 surface surface NN 20467 1268 24 ; ; : 20467 1268 25 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1268 26 buds bud NNS 20467 1268 27 much much RB 20467 1268 28 smaller small JJR 20467 1268 29 , , , 20467 1268 30 often often RB 20467 1268 31 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1268 32 or or CC 20467 1268 33 rounded round VBD 20467 1268 34 , , , 20467 1268 35 pointed point VBD 20467 1268 36 . . . 20467 1269 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1269 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 1269 3 compound compound VBP 20467 1269 4 , , , 20467 1269 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1269 6 , , , 20467 1269 7 12 12 CD 20467 1269 8 - - SYM 20467 1269 9 15 15 CD 20467 1269 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1269 11 long long JJ 20467 1269 12 ; ; : 20467 1269 13 rachis rachis DT 20467 1269 14 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1269 15 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 1269 16 at at IN 20467 1269 17 base base NN 20467 1269 18 ; ; : 20467 1269 19 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 1269 20 none none NN 20467 1269 21 ; ; : 20467 1269 22 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 1269 23 5 5 CD 20467 1269 24 - - SYM 20467 1269 25 11 11 CD 20467 1269 26 , , , 20467 1269 27 opposite opposite JJ 20467 1269 28 , , , 20467 1269 29 5 5 CD 20467 1269 30 - - SYM 20467 1269 31 6 6 CD 20467 1269 32 inches inch NNS 20467 1269 33 long long JJ 20467 1269 34 , , , 20467 1269 35 1 1 CD 20467 1269 36 - - SYM 20467 1269 37 2 2 CD 20467 1269 38 inches inch NNS 20467 1269 39 wide wide JJ 20467 1269 40 , , , 20467 1269 41 bright bright JJ 20467 1269 42 green green JJ 20467 1269 43 and and CC 20467 1269 44 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1269 45 above above RB 20467 1269 46 , , , 20467 1269 47 paler paler NN 20467 1269 48 and and CC 20467 1269 49 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1269 50 or or CC 20467 1269 51 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1269 52 downy downy JJ 20467 1269 53 beneath beneath RB 20467 1269 54 , , , 20467 1269 55 turning turn VBG 20467 1269 56 to to IN 20467 1269 57 orange orange NNP 20467 1269 58 yellow yellow NNP 20467 1269 59 in in IN 20467 1269 60 autumn autumn NN 20467 1269 61 ; ; : 20467 1269 62 outline outline NN 20467 1269 63 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1269 64 , , , 20467 1269 65 or or CC 20467 1269 66 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1269 67 oval oval NN 20467 1269 68 to to IN 20467 1269 69 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1269 70 - - HYPH 20467 1269 71 obovate obovate JJ 20467 1269 72 , , , 20467 1269 73 serrate serrate NNP 20467 1269 74 ; ; : 20467 1269 75 apex apex NNP 20467 1269 76 taper taper NN 20467 1269 77 - - : 20467 1269 78 pointed point VBN 20467 1269 79 to to TO 20467 1269 80 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 1269 81 acute acute VB 20467 1269 82 ; ; : 20467 1269 83 base base NN 20467 1269 84 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1269 85 or or CC 20467 1269 86 rounded round VBD 20467 1269 87 except except IN 20467 1269 88 that that DT 20467 1269 89 of of IN 20467 1269 90 the the DT 20467 1269 91 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1269 92 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1269 93 , , , 20467 1269 94 which which WDT 20467 1269 95 is be VBZ 20467 1269 96 acute acute JJ 20467 1269 97 ; ; : 20467 1269 98 sessile sessile NNP 20467 1269 99 and and CC 20467 1269 100 inequilateral inequilateral JJ 20467 1269 101 , , , 20467 1269 102 except except IN 20467 1269 103 in in IN 20467 1269 104 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1269 105 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 1269 106 , , , 20467 1269 107 which which WDT 20467 1269 108 has have VBZ 20467 1269 109 a a DT 20467 1269 110 short short JJ 20467 1269 111 stem stem NN 20467 1269 112 and and CC 20467 1269 113 is be VBZ 20467 1269 114 equal equal JJ 20467 1269 115 - - HYPH 20467 1269 116 sided sided JJ 20467 1269 117 ; ; : 20467 1269 118 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1269 119 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 1269 120 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 1269 121 from from IN 20467 1269 122 the the DT 20467 1269 123 leaves leave NNS 20467 1269 124 of of IN 20467 1269 125 _ _ NNP 20467 1269 126 C. C. NNP 20467 1270 1 porcina porcina NNP 20467 1270 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1270 3 ; ; : 20467 1270 4 often often RB 20467 1270 5 decreasing decrease VBG 20467 1270 6 regularly regularly RB 20467 1270 7 in in IN 20467 1270 8 size size NN 20467 1270 9 from from IN 20467 1270 10 the the DT 20467 1270 11 upper upper JJ 20467 1270 12 to to IN 20467 1270 13 the the DT 20467 1270 14 lower low JJR 20467 1270 15 pair pair NN 20467 1270 16 . . . 20467 1271 1 = = NFP 20467 1271 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1271 3 . . . 20467 1272 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1272 2 and and CC 20467 1272 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1272 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 1272 5 on on IN 20467 1272 6 the the DT 20467 1272 7 same same JJ 20467 1272 8 tree tree NN 20467 1272 9 , , , 20467 1272 10 appearing appear VBG 20467 1272 11 when when WRB 20467 1272 12 the the DT 20467 1272 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 1272 14 are be VBP 20467 1272 15 fully fully RB 20467 1272 16 grown,--sterile grown,--sterile . 20467 1272 17 at at IN 20467 1272 18 the the DT 20467 1272 19 base base NN 20467 1272 20 of of IN 20467 1272 21 the the DT 20467 1272 22 season season NN 20467 1272 23 's 's POS 20467 1272 24 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1272 25 , , , 20467 1272 26 or or CC 20467 1272 27 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1272 28 from from IN 20467 1272 29 the the DT 20467 1272 30 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1272 31 buds bud NNS 20467 1272 32 of of IN 20467 1272 33 the the DT 20467 1272 34 preceding precede VBG 20467 1272 35 season season NN 20467 1272 36 , , , 20467 1272 37 in in IN 20467 1272 38 slender slender NN 20467 1272 39 , , , 20467 1272 40 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1272 41 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1272 42 , , , 20467 1272 43 3 3 CD 20467 1272 44 - - SYM 20467 1272 45 4 4 CD 20467 1272 46 inches inch NNS 20467 1272 47 long long JJ 20467 1272 48 , , , 20467 1272 49 usually usually RB 20467 1272 50 in in IN 20467 1272 51 threes three NNS 20467 1272 52 , , , 20467 1272 53 branching branch VBG 20467 1272 54 umbel umbel NN 20467 1272 55 - - HYPH 20467 1272 56 like like JJ 20467 1272 57 from from IN 20467 1272 58 a a DT 20467 1272 59 common common JJ 20467 1272 60 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1272 61 ; ; : 20467 1272 62 scale scale NN 20467 1272 63 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1272 64 , , , 20467 1272 65 hairy hairy NN 20467 1272 66 - - HYPH 20467 1272 67 glandular glandular JJ 20467 1272 68 , , , 20467 1272 69 middle middle JJ 20467 1272 70 lobe lobe NN 20467 1272 71 about about IN 20467 1272 72 the the DT 20467 1272 73 same same JJ 20467 1272 74 length length NN 20467 1272 75 as as IN 20467 1272 76 the the DT 20467 1272 77 other other JJ 20467 1272 78 two two CD 20467 1272 79 but but CC 20467 1272 80 narrower narrow JJR 20467 1272 81 , , , 20467 1272 82 considerably considerably RB 20467 1272 83 longer longer RB 20467 1272 84 toward toward IN 20467 1272 85 the the DT 20467 1272 86 end end NN 20467 1272 87 of of IN 20467 1272 88 the the DT 20467 1272 89 catkin catkin JJ 20467 1272 90 ; ; : 20467 1272 91 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1272 92 mostly mostly RB 20467 1272 93 5 5 CD 20467 1272 94 , , , 20467 1272 95 anthers anther NNS 20467 1272 96 bearded beard VBN 20467 1272 97 at at IN 20467 1272 98 the the DT 20467 1272 99 tip tip NN 20467 1272 100 : : : 20467 1272 101 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1272 102 flowers flower NNS 20467 1272 103 on on IN 20467 1272 104 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 1272 105 at at IN 20467 1272 106 the the DT 20467 1272 107 end end NN 20467 1272 108 of of IN 20467 1272 109 the the DT 20467 1272 110 season season NN 20467 1272 111 's 's POS 20467 1272 112 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1272 113 ; ; : 20467 1272 114 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1272 115 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1272 116 , , , 20467 1272 117 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1272 118 , , , 20467 1272 119 adherent adherent JJ 20467 1272 120 to to IN 20467 1272 121 the the DT 20467 1272 122 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1272 123 ; ; : 20467 1272 124 corolla corolla NN 20467 1272 125 none none NN 20467 1272 126 ; ; : 20467 1272 127 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1272 128 2 2 CD 20467 1272 129 . . . 20467 1273 1 = = SYM 20467 1273 2 Fruit.=--October Fruit.=--October NNP 20467 1273 3 . . . 20467 1274 1 Single single JJ 20467 1274 2 or or CC 20467 1274 3 in in IN 20467 1274 4 twos two NNS 20467 1274 5 or or CC 20467 1274 6 threes three NNS 20467 1274 7 at at IN 20467 1274 8 the the DT 20467 1274 9 ends end NNS 20467 1274 10 of of IN 20467 1274 11 the the DT 20467 1274 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1274 13 , , , 20467 1274 14 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1274 15 , , , 20467 1274 16 usually usually RB 20467 1274 17 rather rather RB 20467 1274 18 small small JJ 20467 1274 19 , , , 20467 1274 20 about about RB 20467 1274 21 1 1 CD 20467 1274 22 inch inch NN 20467 1274 23 long long JJ 20467 1274 24 , , , 20467 1274 25 the the DT 20467 1274 26 width width NN 20467 1274 27 greater great JJR 20467 1274 28 than than IN 20467 1274 29 the the DT 20467 1274 30 length length NN 20467 1274 31 ; ; : 20467 1274 32 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1274 33 larger large JJR 20467 1274 34 and and CC 20467 1274 35 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1274 36 pear pear NN 20467 1274 37 - - HYPH 20467 1274 38 shaped shape VBN 20467 1274 39 : : : 20467 1274 40 husk husk NN 20467 1274 41 separating separate VBG 20467 1274 42 about about IN 20467 1274 43 to to IN 20467 1274 44 the the DT 20467 1274 45 middle middle NN 20467 1274 46 into into IN 20467 1274 47 four four CD 20467 1274 48 segments segment NNS 20467 1274 49 , , , 20467 1274 50 with with IN 20467 1274 51 sutures suture NNS 20467 1274 52 prominently prominently RB 20467 1274 53 winged wing VBN 20467 1274 54 at at IN 20467 1274 55 the the DT 20467 1274 56 top top NN 20467 1274 57 or or CC 20467 1274 58 almost almost RB 20467 1274 59 to to IN 20467 1274 60 the the DT 20467 1274 61 base base NN 20467 1274 62 , , , 20467 1274 63 or or CC 20467 1274 64 nearly nearly RB 20467 1274 65 wingless wingless NN 20467 1274 66 : : : 20467 1274 67 nut nut NNP 20467 1274 68 usually usually RB 20467 1274 69 thin thin JJ 20467 1274 70 - - HYPH 20467 1274 71 shelled shelled JJ 20467 1274 72 : : : 20467 1274 73 kernel kernel NNP 20467 1274 74 white white JJ 20467 1274 75 , , , 20467 1274 76 sweetish sweetish JJ 20467 1274 77 at at IN 20467 1274 78 first first RB 20467 1274 79 , , , 20467 1274 80 at at IN 20467 1274 81 length length NN 20467 1274 82 bitter bitter JJ 20467 1274 83 . . . 20467 1275 1 = = NFP 20467 1275 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1275 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1275 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1275 5 New New NNP 20467 1275 6 England England NNP 20467 1275 7 ; ; : 20467 1275 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1275 9 almost almost RB 20467 1275 10 anywhere anywhere RB 20467 1275 11 , , , 20467 1275 12 but but CC 20467 1275 13 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1275 14 a a DT 20467 1275 15 rich rich JJ 20467 1275 16 , , , 20467 1275 17 loamy loamy JJ 20467 1275 18 or or CC 20467 1275 19 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1275 20 soil soil NN 20467 1275 21 . . . 20467 1276 1 A a DT 20467 1276 2 most most RBS 20467 1276 3 graceful graceful JJ 20467 1276 4 and and CC 20467 1276 5 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1276 6 hickory hickory NN 20467 1276 7 , , , 20467 1276 8 which which WDT 20467 1276 9 is be VBZ 20467 1276 10 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 1276 11 more more RBR 20467 1276 12 readily readily RB 20467 1276 13 and and CC 20467 1276 14 grows grow VBZ 20467 1276 15 rather rather RB 20467 1276 16 more more RBR 20467 1276 17 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 1276 18 than than IN 20467 1276 19 the the DT 20467 1276 20 shagbark shagbark NNP 20467 1276 21 or or CC 20467 1276 22 pignut pignut NN 20467 1276 23 , , , 20467 1276 24 but but CC 20467 1276 25 more more RBR 20467 1276 26 inclined inclined JJ 20467 1276 27 than than IN 20467 1276 28 either either DT 20467 1276 29 of of IN 20467 1276 30 these these DT 20467 1276 31 to to TO 20467 1276 32 show show VB 20467 1276 33 dead dead JJ 20467 1276 34 branches branch NNS 20467 1276 35 . . . 20467 1277 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 1277 2 for for IN 20467 1277 3 sale sale NN 20467 1277 4 by by IN 20467 1277 5 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1277 6 or or CC 20467 1277 7 collectors collector NNS 20467 1277 8 . . . 20467 1278 1 Grown grow VBN 20467 1278 2 readily readily RB 20467 1278 3 from from IN 20467 1278 4 seed seed NN 20467 1278 5 . . . 20467 1279 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1279 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1279 3 : : : 20467 1279 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1279 5 XXVII.--Carya XXVII.--Carya NNP 20467 1279 6 amara amara NN 20467 1279 7 . . . 20467 1279 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1280 1 1 1 LS 20467 1280 2 . . . 20467 1281 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1281 2 bud bud NNP 20467 1281 3 . . . 20467 1282 1 2 2 LS 20467 1282 2 . . . 20467 1283 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1283 2 branch branch NN 20467 1283 3 . . . 20467 1284 1 3 3 LS 20467 1284 2 . . . 20467 1285 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1285 2 flower flower NN 20467 1285 3 , , , 20467 1285 4 back back JJ 20467 1285 5 view view NN 20467 1285 6 . . . 20467 1286 1 4 4 LS 20467 1286 2 . . . 20467 1287 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1287 2 flower flower NN 20467 1287 3 , , , 20467 1287 4 front front JJ 20467 1287 5 view view NN 20467 1287 6 . . . 20467 1288 1 5 5 CD 20467 1288 2 . . . 20467 1289 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1289 2 flower flower NN 20467 1289 3 . . . 20467 1290 1 6 6 CD 20467 1290 2 . . . 20467 1291 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1291 2 branch branch NN 20467 1291 3 . . . 20467 1292 1 BETULACEÆ BETULACEÆ NNP 20467 1292 2 . . . 20467 1293 1 BIRCH BIRCH NNP 20467 1293 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 1293 3 . . . 20467 1294 1 = = NFP 20467 1294 2 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 1294 3 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 1294 4 , , , 20467 1294 5 Willd.= Willd.= NNP 20467 1294 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1294 7 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 1294 8 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 1294 9 , , , 20467 1294 10 Willd Willd NNP 20467 1294 11 . . . 20467 1294 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1294 13 HOP HOP NNP 20467 1294 14 HORNBEAM HORNBEAM NNP 20467 1294 15 . . . 20467 1295 1 IRONWOOD IRONWOOD NNP 20467 1295 2 . . . 20467 1296 1 LEVERWOOD leverwood NN 20467 1296 2 . . . 20467 1297 1 = = NFP 20467 1297 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1297 3 and and CC 20467 1297 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1297 5 rather rather RB 20467 1297 6 open open JJ 20467 1297 7 woods wood NNS 20467 1297 8 and and CC 20467 1297 9 along along IN 20467 1297 10 highlands highland NNS 20467 1297 11 . . . 20467 1298 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1298 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1298 3 to to IN 20467 1298 4 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1298 5 Superior Superior NNP 20467 1298 6 . . . 20467 1299 1 Common common JJ 20467 1299 2 in in IN 20467 1299 3 all all DT 20467 1299 4 parts part NNS 20467 1299 5 of of IN 20467 1299 6 New New NNP 20467 1299 7 England England NNP 20467 1299 8 . . . 20467 1300 1 Scattered scatter VBN 20467 1300 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 1300 3 the the DT 20467 1300 4 whole whole JJ 20467 1300 5 country country NN 20467 1300 6 east east RB 20467 1300 7 of of IN 20467 1300 8 the the DT 20467 1300 9 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1300 10 , , , 20467 1300 11 ranging range VBG 20467 1300 12 through through IN 20467 1300 13 western western JJ 20467 1300 14 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1300 15 to to IN 20467 1300 16 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1300 17 , , , 20467 1300 18 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1300 19 , , , 20467 1300 20 Indian indian JJ 20467 1300 21 territory territory NN 20467 1300 22 , , , 20467 1300 23 and and CC 20467 1300 24 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1300 25 . . . 20467 1301 1 = = NFP 20467 1301 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1301 3 small small JJ 20467 1301 4 tree tree NN 20467 1301 5 , , , 20467 1301 6 25 25 CD 20467 1301 7 - - SYM 20467 1301 8 40 40 CD 20467 1301 9 feet foot NNS 20467 1301 10 high high JJ 20467 1301 11 and and CC 20467 1301 12 8 8 CD 20467 1301 13 - - SYM 20467 1301 14 12 12 CD 20467 1301 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1301 16 in in IN 20467 1301 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 1301 18 at at IN 20467 1301 19 the the DT 20467 1301 20 ground ground NN 20467 1301 21 , , , 20467 1301 22 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1301 23 attaining attain VBG 20467 1301 24 , , , 20467 1301 25 without without IN 20467 1301 26 much much JJ 20467 1301 27 increase increase NN 20467 1301 28 in in IN 20467 1301 29 height height NN 20467 1301 30 , , , 20467 1301 31 a a DT 20467 1301 32 diameter diameter NN 20467 1301 33 of of IN 20467 1301 34 2 2 CD 20467 1301 35 feet foot NNS 20467 1301 36 ; ; , 20467 1301 37 trunk trunk NN 20467 1301 38 usually usually RB 20467 1301 39 slender slend JJR 20467 1301 40 ; ; : 20467 1301 41 head head VB 20467 1301 42 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1301 43 , , , 20467 1301 44 often often RB 20467 1301 45 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1301 46 or or CC 20467 1301 47 loosely loosely RB 20467 1301 48 and and CC 20467 1301 49 rather rather RB 20467 1301 50 broadly broadly RB 20467 1301 51 conical conical JJ 20467 1301 52 ; ; : 20467 1301 53 lower low JJR 20467 1301 54 branches branch NNS 20467 1301 55 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1301 56 slightly slightly RB 20467 1301 57 declining decline VBG 20467 1301 58 at at IN 20467 1301 59 the the DT 20467 1301 60 extremities extremity NNS 20467 1301 61 , , , 20467 1301 62 but but CC 20467 1301 63 with with IN 20467 1301 64 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1301 65 mostly mostly RB 20467 1301 66 of of IN 20467 1301 67 an an DT 20467 1301 68 upward upward JJ 20467 1301 69 tendency tendency NN 20467 1301 70 ; ; : 20467 1301 71 spray spray NN 20467 1301 72 slender slender NN 20467 1301 73 and and CC 20467 1301 74 rather rather RB 20467 1301 75 stiff stiff JJ 20467 1301 76 . . . 20467 1302 1 Suggestive suggestive JJ 20467 1302 2 , , , 20467 1302 3 in in IN 20467 1302 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1302 5 habit habit NN 20467 1302 6 , , , 20467 1302 7 of of IN 20467 1302 8 the the DT 20467 1302 9 elm elm NNP 20467 1302 10 ; ; : 20467 1302 11 in in IN 20467 1302 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1302 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 1302 14 , , , 20467 1302 15 of of IN 20467 1302 16 the the DT 20467 1302 17 black black JJ 20467 1302 18 birch birch NN 20467 1302 19 ; ; : 20467 1302 20 and and CC 20467 1302 21 in in IN 20467 1302 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1302 23 fruit fruit NN 20467 1302 24 , , , 20467 1302 25 of of IN 20467 1302 26 clusters cluster NNS 20467 1302 27 of of IN 20467 1302 28 hops hop NNS 20467 1302 29 . . . 20467 1303 1 = = NFP 20467 1303 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1303 3 and and CC 20467 1303 4 large large JJ 20467 1303 5 limbs limb NNS 20467 1303 6 light light JJ 20467 1303 7 grayish grayish NN 20467 1303 8 - - HYPH 20467 1303 9 brown brown JJ 20467 1303 10 , , , 20467 1303 11 very very RB 20467 1303 12 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1303 13 and and CC 20467 1303 14 longitudinally longitudinally RB 20467 1303 15 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1303 16 , , , 20467 1303 17 the the DT 20467 1303 18 short short JJ 20467 1303 19 , , , 20467 1303 20 thin thin JJ 20467 1303 21 segments segment NNS 20467 1303 22 in in IN 20467 1303 23 old old JJ 20467 1303 24 trees tree NNS 20467 1303 25 often often RB 20467 1303 26 loose loose JJ 20467 1303 27 at at IN 20467 1303 28 the the DT 20467 1303 29 ends end NNS 20467 1303 30 ; ; : 20467 1303 31 the the DT 20467 1303 32 smaller small JJR 20467 1303 33 branches branch NNS 20467 1303 34 , , , 20467 1303 35 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1303 36 , , , 20467 1303 37 and and CC 20467 1303 38 in in IN 20467 1303 39 late late JJ 20467 1303 40 fall fall NN 20467 1303 41 the the DT 20467 1303 42 season season NN 20467 1303 43 's 's POS 20467 1303 44 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1303 45 , , , 20467 1303 46 dark dark JJ 20467 1303 47 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1303 48 - - HYPH 20467 1303 49 brown brown JJ 20467 1303 50 . . . 20467 1304 1 = = NFP 20467 1304 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1304 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1304 4 and and CC 20467 1304 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1304 6 small small JJ 20467 1304 7 , , , 20467 1304 8 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1304 9 , , , 20467 1304 10 pointed point VBD 20467 1304 11 , , , 20467 1304 12 invested invest VBN 20467 1304 13 with with IN 20467 1304 14 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1304 15 - - HYPH 20467 1304 16 brown brown JJ 20467 1304 17 scales scale NNS 20467 1304 18 . . . 20467 1305 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1305 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1305 3 , , , 20467 1305 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1305 5 , , , 20467 1305 6 roughish roughish JJ 20467 1305 7 , , , 20467 1305 8 2 2 CD 20467 1305 9 - - SYM 20467 1305 10 4 4 CD 20467 1305 11 inches inch NNS 20467 1305 12 long long JJ 20467 1305 13 , , , 20467 1305 14 1 1 CD 20467 1305 15 - - SYM 20467 1305 16 2 2 CD 20467 1305 17 inches inch NNS 20467 1305 18 wide wide JJ 20467 1305 19 , , , 20467 1305 20 more more RBR 20467 1305 21 or or CC 20467 1305 22 less less RBR 20467 1305 23 appressed appressed JJ 20467 1305 24 - - HYPH 20467 1305 25 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1305 26 on on IN 20467 1305 27 both both DT 20467 1305 28 sides side NNS 20467 1305 29 , , , 20467 1305 30 dark dark JJ 20467 1305 31 green green NN 20467 1305 32 above above RB 20467 1305 33 , , , 20467 1305 34 lighter light JJR 20467 1305 35 beneath beneath IN 20467 1305 36 ; ; : 20467 1305 37 outline outline NN 20467 1305 38 ovate ovate NN 20467 1305 39 to to IN 20467 1305 40 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1305 41 - - HYPH 20467 1305 42 ovate ovate NN 20467 1305 43 , , , 20467 1305 44 sharply sharply RB 20467 1305 45 and and CC 20467 1305 46 for for IN 20467 1305 47 the the DT 20467 1305 48 most most JJS 20467 1305 49 part part NN 20467 1305 50 doubly doubly RB 20467 1305 51 serrate serrate VBP 20467 1305 52 ; ; : 20467 1305 53 apex apex NNP 20467 1305 54 acute acute JJ 20467 1305 55 to to TO 20467 1305 56 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 1305 57 ; ; : 20467 1305 58 base base VB 20467 1305 59 slightly slightly RB 20467 1305 60 and and CC 20467 1305 61 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1305 62 heart heart NN 20467 1305 63 - - HYPH 20467 1305 64 shaped shape VBN 20467 1305 65 , , , 20467 1305 66 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1305 67 or or CC 20467 1305 68 truncate truncate JJ 20467 1305 69 , , , 20467 1305 70 mostly mostly RB 20467 1305 71 with with IN 20467 1305 72 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1305 73 sides side NNS 20467 1305 74 ; ; : 20467 1305 75 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 1305 76 short short JJ 20467 1305 77 , , , 20467 1305 78 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1305 79 ; ; : 20467 1305 80 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1305 81 soon soon RB 20467 1305 82 falling fall VBG 20467 1305 83 . . . 20467 1306 1 = = NFP 20467 1306 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1306 3 to to IN 20467 1306 4 May. May NNP 20467 1307 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1307 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1307 3 from from IN 20467 1307 4 wood wood NN 20467 1307 5 of of IN 20467 1307 6 the the DT 20467 1307 7 preceding precede VBG 20467 1307 8 season season NN 20467 1307 9 , , , 20467 1307 10 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1307 11 or or CC 20467 1307 12 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1307 13 , , , 20467 1307 14 in in IN 20467 1307 15 drooping droop VBG 20467 1307 16 , , , 20467 1307 17 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1307 18 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1307 19 , , , 20467 1307 20 usually usually RB 20467 1307 21 in in IN 20467 1307 22 threes three NNS 20467 1307 23 ; ; : 20467 1307 24 scales scale NNS 20467 1307 25 broad broad JJ 20467 1307 26 , , , 20467 1307 27 laterally laterally RB 20467 1307 28 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1307 29 , , , 20467 1307 30 sharp sharp RB 20467 1307 31 - - HYPH 20467 1307 32 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1307 33 , , , 20467 1307 34 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 1307 35 , , , 20467 1307 36 each each DT 20467 1307 37 subtending subtending NN 20467 1307 38 several several JJ 20467 1307 39 nearly nearly RB 20467 1307 40 sessile sessile NN 20467 1307 41 stamens stamen NNS 20467 1307 42 , , , 20467 1307 43 filaments filament NNS 20467 1307 44 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1307 45 forked fork VBN 20467 1307 46 , , , 20467 1307 47 with with IN 20467 1307 48 anthers anther NNS 20467 1307 49 bearded beard VBN 20467 1307 50 at at IN 20467 1307 51 the the DT 20467 1307 52 tip tip NN 20467 1307 53 : : : 20467 1307 54 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1307 55 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1307 56 about about RB 20467 1307 57 1 1 CD 20467 1307 58 inch inch NN 20467 1307 59 in in IN 20467 1307 60 length length NN 20467 1307 61 , , , 20467 1307 62 on on IN 20467 1307 63 short short JJ 20467 1307 64 leafy leafy NNP 20467 1307 65 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1307 66 , , , 20467 1307 67 spreading spread VBG 20467 1307 68 ; ; : 20467 1307 69 bracts bract NNS 20467 1307 70 lanceolate lanceolate VBP 20467 1307 71 , , , 20467 1307 72 tapering taper VBG 20467 1307 73 to to IN 20467 1307 74 a a DT 20467 1307 75 long long JJ 20467 1307 76 point point NN 20467 1307 77 , , , 20467 1307 78 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 1307 79 , , , 20467 1307 80 each each DT 20467 1307 81 subtending subtend VBG 20467 1307 82 two two CD 20467 1307 83 ovaries ovary NNS 20467 1307 84 , , , 20467 1307 85 each each DT 20467 1307 86 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1307 87 with with IN 20467 1307 88 adherent adherent NNP 20467 1307 89 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1307 90 , , , 20467 1307 91 enclosed enclose VBD 20467 1307 92 in in IN 20467 1307 93 a a DT 20467 1307 94 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1307 95 bractlet bractlet NN 20467 1307 96 ; ; : 20467 1307 97 styles style NNS 20467 1307 98 2 2 CD 20467 1307 99 , , , 20467 1307 100 long long JJ 20467 1307 101 , , , 20467 1307 102 linear linear JJ 20467 1307 103 . . . 20467 1308 1 = = NFP 20467 1308 2 Fruit.=--Early fruit.=--early DT 20467 1308 3 September September NNP 20467 1308 4 . . . 20467 1309 1 A a DT 20467 1309 2 small small JJ 20467 1309 3 , , , 20467 1309 4 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1309 5 nut nut NN 20467 1309 6 , , , 20467 1309 7 enclosed enclose VBD 20467 1309 8 in in IN 20467 1309 9 the the DT 20467 1309 10 distended distend VBN 20467 1309 11 bract bract NN 20467 1309 12 ; ; : 20467 1309 13 the the DT 20467 1309 14 aggregated aggregated JJ 20467 1309 15 fruit fruit NN 20467 1309 16 resembling resemble VBG 20467 1309 17 a a DT 20467 1309 18 cluster cluster NN 20467 1309 19 of of IN 20467 1309 20 hops hop NNS 20467 1309 21 . . . 20467 1310 1 = = NFP 20467 1310 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1310 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1310 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1310 5 New New NNP 20467 1310 6 England England NNP 20467 1310 7 ; ; : 20467 1310 8 prefers prefer NNS 20467 1310 9 dry dry JJ 20467 1310 10 or or CC 20467 1310 11 well well RB 20467 1310 12 - - HYPH 20467 1310 13 drained drain VBN 20467 1310 14 slopes slope NNS 20467 1310 15 in in IN 20467 1310 16 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1310 17 or or CC 20467 1310 18 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1310 19 soil soil NN 20467 1310 20 ; ; , 20467 1310 21 graceful graceful JJ 20467 1310 22 and and CC 20467 1310 23 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1310 24 , , , 20467 1310 25 but but CC 20467 1310 26 of of IN 20467 1310 27 rather rather RB 20467 1310 28 slow slow JJ 20467 1310 29 growth growth NN 20467 1310 30 ; ; : 20467 1310 31 useful useful JJ 20467 1310 32 in in IN 20467 1310 33 shady shady JJ 20467 1310 34 situations situation NNS 20467 1310 35 and and CC 20467 1310 36 worthy worthy JJ 20467 1310 37 of of IN 20467 1310 38 a a DT 20467 1310 39 place place NN 20467 1310 40 in in IN 20467 1310 41 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 1310 42 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1310 43 , , , 20467 1310 44 but but CC 20467 1310 45 too too RB 20467 1310 46 small small JJ 20467 1310 47 for for IN 20467 1310 48 street street NN 20467 1310 49 use use NN 20467 1310 50 . . . 20467 1311 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 1311 2 raised raise VBN 20467 1311 3 by by IN 20467 1311 4 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1311 5 ; ; , 20467 1311 6 collected collected JJ 20467 1311 7 plants plant NNS 20467 1311 8 moved move VBN 20467 1311 9 with with IN 20467 1311 10 difficulty difficulty NN 20467 1311 11 . . . 20467 1312 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1312 2 from from IN 20467 1312 3 seed seed NN 20467 1312 4 . . . 20467 1313 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1313 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1313 3 : : : 20467 1313 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1313 5 XXVIII.--Ostrya xxviii.--ostrya NN 20467 1313 6 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 1313 7 . . . 20467 1313 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1314 1 1 1 LS 20467 1314 2 . . . 20467 1315 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1315 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1315 3 . . . 20467 1316 1 2 2 LS 20467 1316 2 . . . 20467 1317 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1317 2 branch branch NN 20467 1317 3 . . . 20467 1318 1 3 3 LS 20467 1318 2 . . . 20467 1319 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1319 2 flower flower NN 20467 1319 3 , , , 20467 1319 4 back back JJ 20467 1319 5 view view NN 20467 1319 6 . . . 20467 1320 1 4 4 LS 20467 1320 2 . . . 20467 1321 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1321 2 flower flower NN 20467 1321 3 , , , 20467 1321 4 front front JJ 20467 1321 5 view view NN 20467 1321 6 . . . 20467 1322 1 5 5 CD 20467 1322 2 . . . 20467 1323 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1323 2 catkin catkin NN 20467 1323 3 . . . 20467 1324 1 6 6 CD 20467 1324 2 . . . 20467 1325 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1325 2 flower flower NN 20467 1325 3 . . . 20467 1326 1 7 7 LS 20467 1326 2 . . . 20467 1327 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1327 2 branch branch NN 20467 1327 3 . . . 20467 1328 1 = = NFP 20467 1328 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 1328 3 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 1328 4 , , , 20467 1328 5 Walt.= walt.= CD 20467 1328 6 HORNBEAM HORNBEAM NNP 20467 1328 7 . . . 20467 1329 1 BLUE blue JJ 20467 1329 2 BEECH BEECH NNP 20467 1329 3 . . . 20467 1330 1 IRONWOOD IRONWOOD NNP 20467 1330 2 . . . 20467 1331 1 WATER water NN 20467 1331 2 BEECH BEECH NNP 20467 1331 3 . . . 20467 1332 1 = = NFP 20467 1332 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1332 3 and and CC 20467 1332 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 1332 5 , , , 20467 1332 6 wet wet JJ 20467 1332 7 woods wood NNS 20467 1332 8 , , , 20467 1332 9 and and CC 20467 1332 10 margins margin NNS 20467 1332 11 of of IN 20467 1332 12 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1332 13 . . . 20467 1333 1 Province Province NNP 20467 1333 2 of of IN 20467 1333 3 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 1333 4 to to IN 20467 1333 5 Georgian georgian JJ 20467 1333 6 bay bay NN 20467 1333 7 . . . 20467 1334 1 Rather rather RB 20467 1334 2 common common JJ 20467 1334 3 throughout throughout IN 20467 1334 4 New New NNP 20467 1334 5 England England NNP 20467 1334 6 , , , 20467 1334 7 less less RBR 20467 1334 8 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1334 9 towards towards IN 20467 1334 10 the the DT 20467 1334 11 coast coast NN 20467 1334 12 . . . 20467 1335 1 South south RB 20467 1335 2 to to IN 20467 1335 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1335 4 ; ; : 20467 1335 5 west west NN 20467 1335 6 to to IN 20467 1335 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1335 8 , , , 20467 1335 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1335 10 , , , 20467 1335 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1335 12 , , , 20467 1335 13 Indian indian JJ 20467 1335 14 territory territory NN 20467 1335 15 , , , 20467 1335 16 and and CC 20467 1335 17 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1335 18 . . . 20467 1336 1 = = NFP 20467 1336 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1336 3 low low NN 20467 1336 4 , , , 20467 1336 5 spreading spread VBG 20467 1336 6 tree tree NN 20467 1336 7 , , , 20467 1336 8 10 10 CD 20467 1336 9 - - SYM 20467 1336 10 30 30 CD 20467 1336 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1336 12 high high JJ 20467 1336 13 , , , 20467 1336 14 with with IN 20467 1336 15 a a DT 20467 1336 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 1336 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 1336 18 of of IN 20467 1336 19 6 6 CD 20467 1336 20 - - SYM 20467 1336 21 12 12 CD 20467 1336 22 inches inch NNS 20467 1336 23 , , , 20467 1336 24 rarely rarely RB 20467 1336 25 reaching reach VBG 20467 1336 26 2 2 CD 20467 1336 27 feet foot NNS 20467 1336 28 ; ; , 20467 1336 29 trunk trunk NN 20467 1336 30 short short NN 20467 1336 31 , , , 20467 1336 32 often often RB 20467 1336 33 given give VBN 20467 1336 34 a a DT 20467 1336 35 fluted fluted JJ 20467 1336 36 appearance appearance NN 20467 1336 37 by by IN 20467 1336 38 projecting project VBG 20467 1336 39 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1336 40 running run VBG 20467 1336 41 down down RB 20467 1336 42 from from IN 20467 1336 43 the the DT 20467 1336 44 lower low JJR 20467 1336 45 branches branch NNS 20467 1336 46 to to IN 20467 1336 47 the the DT 20467 1336 48 ground ground NN 20467 1336 49 ; ; : 20467 1336 50 in in IN 20467 1336 51 color color NN 20467 1336 52 and and CC 20467 1336 53 smoothness smoothness JJ 20467 1336 54 resembling resemble VBG 20467 1336 55 the the DT 20467 1336 56 beech beech NN 20467 1336 57 ; ; : 20467 1336 58 lower low JJR 20467 1336 59 branches branch NNS 20467 1336 60 often often RB 20467 1336 61 much much RB 20467 1336 62 declined decline VBD 20467 1336 63 , , , 20467 1336 64 upper upper JJ 20467 1336 65 going go VBG 20467 1336 66 out out RB 20467 1336 67 at at IN 20467 1336 68 various various JJ 20467 1336 69 angles angle NNS 20467 1336 70 , , , 20467 1336 71 often often RB 20467 1336 72 zigzag zigzag VBZ 20467 1336 73 but but CC 20467 1336 74 keeping keep VBG 20467 1336 75 the the DT 20467 1336 76 same same JJ 20467 1336 77 general general JJ 20467 1336 78 direction direction NN 20467 1336 79 ; ; : 20467 1336 80 head head VB 20467 1336 81 wide wide RB 20467 1336 82 , , , 20467 1336 83 close close JJ 20467 1336 84 , , , 20467 1336 85 flat flat RB 20467 1336 86 - - HYPH 20467 1336 87 topped top VBN 20467 1336 88 to to IN 20467 1336 89 rounded round VBN 20467 1336 90 , , , 20467 1336 91 with with IN 20467 1336 92 fine fine JJ 20467 1336 93 , , , 20467 1336 94 slender slender NN 20467 1336 95 spray spray NN 20467 1336 96 . . . 20467 1337 1 = = NFP 20467 1337 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1337 3 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1337 4 , , , 20467 1337 5 close close JJ 20467 1337 6 , , , 20467 1337 7 dark dark JJ 20467 1337 8 bluish bluish JJ 20467 1337 9 - - HYPH 20467 1337 10 gray gray JJ 20467 1337 11 ; ; : 20467 1337 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1337 13 grayish grayish NN 20467 1337 14 ; ; : 20467 1337 15 season season NN 20467 1337 16 's 's POS 20467 1337 17 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1337 18 light light VBP 20467 1337 19 green green JJ 20467 1337 20 turning turning NN 20467 1337 21 brown brown NNP 20467 1337 22 , , , 20467 1337 23 more more RBR 20467 1337 24 or or CC 20467 1337 25 less less RBR 20467 1337 26 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1337 27 . . . 20467 1338 1 = = NFP 20467 1338 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1338 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1338 4 and and CC 20467 1338 5 Leaves.=--Leaf Leaves.=--Leaf NNP 20467 1338 6 - - HYPH 20467 1338 7 buds bud NNS 20467 1338 8 small small JJ 20467 1338 9 , , , 20467 1338 10 oval oval JJ 20467 1338 11 or or CC 20467 1338 12 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1338 13 , , , 20467 1338 14 acute acute JJ 20467 1338 15 to to IN 20467 1338 16 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 1338 17 . . . 20467 1339 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1339 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1339 3 , , , 20467 1339 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1339 5 , , , 20467 1339 6 2 2 CD 20467 1339 7 - - SYM 20467 1339 8 3 3 CD 20467 1339 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1339 10 long long JJ 20467 1339 11 , , , 20467 1339 12 dull dull JJ 20467 1339 13 green green NN 20467 1339 14 above above RB 20467 1339 15 , , , 20467 1339 16 lighter lighter RBR 20467 1339 17 beneath beneath RB 20467 1339 18 , , , 20467 1339 19 turning turn VBG 20467 1339 20 to to IN 20467 1339 21 scarlet scarlet NN 20467 1339 22 or or CC 20467 1339 23 crimson crimson NNP 20467 1339 24 in in IN 20467 1339 25 autumn autumn NN 20467 1339 26 ; ; : 20467 1339 27 outline outline NN 20467 1339 28 ovate ovate NN 20467 1339 29 or or CC 20467 1339 30 slightly slightly RB 20467 1339 31 obovate obovate VB 20467 1339 32 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1339 33 or or CC 20467 1339 34 broadly broadly RB 20467 1339 35 oval oval JJ 20467 1339 36 , , , 20467 1339 37 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1339 38 and and CC 20467 1339 39 sharply sharply RB 20467 1339 40 doubly doubly RB 20467 1339 41 serrate serrate VB 20467 1339 42 ; ; : 20467 1339 43 veins vein NNS 20467 1339 44 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1339 45 and and CC 20467 1339 46 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1339 47 beneath beneath IN 20467 1339 48 , , , 20467 1339 49 at at IN 20467 1339 50 least least JJS 20467 1339 51 when when WRB 20467 1339 52 young young JJ 20467 1339 53 ; ; : 20467 1339 54 apex apex NNP 20467 1339 55 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1339 56 to to TO 20467 1339 57 acute acute VB 20467 1339 58 ; ; : 20467 1339 59 base base NN 20467 1339 60 rounded round VBD 20467 1339 61 , , , 20467 1339 62 truncate truncate JJ 20467 1339 63 , , , 20467 1339 64 acute acute JJ 20467 1339 65 , , , 20467 1339 66 or or CC 20467 1339 67 slightly slightly RB 20467 1339 68 and and CC 20467 1339 69 unevenly unevenly JJ 20467 1339 70 heart heart NN 20467 1339 71 - - HYPH 20467 1339 72 shaped shape VBN 20467 1339 73 ; ; : 20467 1339 74 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1339 75 rather rather RB 20467 1339 76 short short JJ 20467 1339 77 , , , 20467 1339 78 slender slend JJR 20467 1339 79 , , , 20467 1339 80 hairy hairy NNP 20467 1339 81 ; ; : 20467 1339 82 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1339 83 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1339 84 , , , 20467 1339 85 falling fall VBG 20467 1339 86 early early RB 20467 1339 87 . . . 20467 1340 1 = = NFP 20467 1340 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1340 3 . . . 20467 1341 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1341 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1341 3 from from IN 20467 1341 4 growth growth NN 20467 1341 5 of of IN 20467 1341 6 the the DT 20467 1341 7 preceding precede VBG 20467 1341 8 season season NN 20467 1341 9 in in IN 20467 1341 10 short short JJ 20467 1341 11 , , , 20467 1341 12 stunted stunted JJ 20467 1341 13 - - HYPH 20467 1341 14 looking look VBG 20467 1341 15 , , , 20467 1341 16 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1341 17 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1341 18 , , , 20467 1341 19 mostly mostly RB 20467 1341 20 single single JJ 20467 1341 21 ; ; : 20467 1341 22 scales scale NNS 20467 1341 23 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1341 24 or or CC 20467 1341 25 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1341 26 , , , 20467 1341 27 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1341 28 , , , 20467 1341 29 each each DT 20467 1341 30 subtending subtend VBG 20467 1341 31 several several JJ 20467 1341 32 stamens stamen NNS 20467 1341 33 ; ; : 20467 1341 34 filaments filament NNS 20467 1341 35 very very RB 20467 1341 36 short short JJ 20467 1341 37 , , , 20467 1341 38 mostly mostly RB 20467 1341 39 2-forked 2-forked CD 20467 1341 40 ; ; : 20467 1341 41 anthers anther NNS 20467 1341 42 bearded beard VBN 20467 1341 43 at at IN 20467 1341 44 the the DT 20467 1341 45 tip tip NN 20467 1341 46 : : : 20467 1341 47 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1341 48 flowers flower NNS 20467 1341 49 at at IN 20467 1341 50 the the DT 20467 1341 51 ends end NNS 20467 1341 52 of of IN 20467 1341 53 leafy leafy NNP 20467 1341 54 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1341 55 of of IN 20467 1341 56 the the DT 20467 1341 57 season season NN 20467 1341 58 , , , 20467 1341 59 in in IN 20467 1341 60 loose loose JJ 20467 1341 61 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1341 62 ; ; : 20467 1341 63 bractlets bractlet VBZ 20467 1341 64 foliaceous foliaceous JJ 20467 1341 65 , , , 20467 1341 66 each each DT 20467 1341 67 subtending subtend VBG 20467 1341 68 a a DT 20467 1341 69 green green JJ 20467 1341 70 , , , 20467 1341 71 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1341 72 , , , 20467 1341 73 acute acute JJ 20467 1341 74 , , , 20467 1341 75 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 1341 76 , , , 20467 1341 77 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 1341 78 scale scale NN 20467 1341 79 , , , 20467 1341 80 each each DT 20467 1341 81 scale scale NN 20467 1341 82 subtending subtend VBG 20467 1341 83 two two CD 20467 1341 84 pistils pistil NNS 20467 1341 85 with with IN 20467 1341 86 long long JJ 20467 1341 87 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1341 88 styles style NNS 20467 1341 89 . . . 20467 1342 1 = = NFP 20467 1342 2 Fruit.=--In fruit.=--in NN 20467 1342 3 terminal terminal NN 20467 1342 4 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1342 5 made make VBD 20467 1342 6 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1342 7 by by IN 20467 1342 8 the the DT 20467 1342 9 pale pale JJ 20467 1342 10 green green JJ 20467 1342 11 , , , 20467 1342 12 much much RB 20467 1342 13 enlarged enlarged JJ 20467 1342 14 , , , 20467 1342 15 and and CC 20467 1342 16 leaf leaf NN 20467 1342 17 - - HYPH 20467 1342 18 like like JJ 20467 1342 19 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1342 20 bracts bract NNS 20467 1342 21 , , , 20467 1342 22 each each DT 20467 1342 23 bract bract VBD 20467 1342 24 subtending subtend VBG 20467 1342 25 a a DT 20467 1342 26 dark dark JJ 20467 1342 27 - - HYPH 20467 1342 28 colored colored JJ 20467 1342 29 , , , 20467 1342 30 sessile sessile NN 20467 1342 31 , , , 20467 1342 32 striate striate NN 20467 1342 33 nutlet nutlet NN 20467 1342 34 . . . 20467 1343 1 = = NFP 20467 1343 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1343 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1343 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1343 5 New New NNP 20467 1343 6 England England NNP 20467 1343 7 ; ; : 20467 1343 8 prefers prefer NNS 20467 1343 9 moist moist JJ 20467 1343 10 , , , 20467 1343 11 rich rich JJ 20467 1343 12 soil soil NN 20467 1343 13 , , , 20467 1343 14 near near IN 20467 1343 15 running running NN 20467 1343 16 water water NN 20467 1343 17 , , , 20467 1343 18 on on IN 20467 1343 19 the the DT 20467 1343 20 edges edge NNS 20467 1343 21 of of IN 20467 1343 22 wet wet JJ 20467 1343 23 land land NN 20467 1343 24 or or CC 20467 1343 25 on on IN 20467 1343 26 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1343 27 slopes slope NNS 20467 1343 28 in in IN 20467 1343 29 shade shade NN 20467 1343 30 . . . 20467 1344 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1344 2 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1344 3 outline outline NN 20467 1344 4 and and CC 20467 1344 5 curiously curiously RB 20467 1344 6 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1344 7 trunk trunk NN 20467 1344 8 make make VB 20467 1344 9 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1344 10 an an DT 20467 1344 11 interesting interesting JJ 20467 1344 12 object object NN 20467 1344 13 in in IN 20467 1344 14 landscape landscape NN 20467 1344 15 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1344 16 . . . 20467 1345 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 1345 2 is be VBZ 20467 1345 3 not not RB 20467 1345 4 often often RB 20467 1345 5 used use VBN 20467 1345 6 , , , 20467 1345 7 however however RB 20467 1345 8 , , , 20467 1345 9 because because IN 20467 1345 10 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1345 11 is be VBZ 20467 1345 12 seldom seldom RB 20467 1345 13 grown grow VBN 20467 1345 14 in in IN 20467 1345 15 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1345 16 , , , 20467 1345 17 and and CC 20467 1345 18 collected collect VBN 20467 1345 19 plants plant NNS 20467 1345 20 do do VBP 20467 1345 21 not not RB 20467 1345 22 bear bear VB 20467 1345 23 removal removal NN 20467 1345 24 well well RB 20467 1345 25 . . . 20467 1346 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1346 2 from from IN 20467 1346 3 the the DT 20467 1346 4 seed seed NN 20467 1346 5 . . . 20467 1347 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1347 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1347 3 : : : 20467 1347 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1347 5 XXIX.--Carpinus XXIX.--Carpinus NNP 20467 1347 6 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 1347 7 . . . 20467 1347 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1348 1 1 1 LS 20467 1348 2 . . . 20467 1349 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1349 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1349 3 . . . 20467 1350 1 2 2 LS 20467 1350 2 . . . 20467 1351 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1351 2 branch branch NN 20467 1351 3 . . . 20467 1352 1 3 3 LS 20467 1352 2 . . . 20467 1353 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1353 2 flower flower NN 20467 1353 3 , , , 20467 1353 4 back back JJ 20467 1353 5 view view NN 20467 1353 6 . . . 20467 1354 1 4 4 LS 20467 1354 2 . . . 20467 1355 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1355 2 flower flower NN 20467 1355 3 , , , 20467 1355 4 front front JJ 20467 1355 5 view view NN 20467 1355 6 . . . 20467 1356 1 5 5 CD 20467 1356 2 . . . 20467 1357 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1357 2 catkin catkin NN 20467 1357 3 . . . 20467 1358 1 6 6 CD 20467 1358 2 . . . 20467 1359 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1359 2 flower flower NN 20467 1359 3 . . . 20467 1360 1 7 7 LS 20467 1360 2 . . . 20467 1361 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1361 2 branch branch NN 20467 1361 3 . . . 20467 1362 1 = = NFP 20467 1362 2 BETULA.= BETULA.= : 20467 1362 3 Inflorescence.--In Inflorescence.--In NNP 20467 1362 4 scaly scaly NNP 20467 1362 5 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1362 6 , , , 20467 1362 7 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1362 8 and and CC 20467 1362 9 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1362 10 on on IN 20467 1362 11 the the DT 20467 1362 12 same same JJ 20467 1362 13 tree tree NN 20467 1362 14 , , , 20467 1362 15 appearing appear VBG 20467 1362 16 with with IN 20467 1362 17 or or CC 20467 1362 18 before before IN 20467 1362 19 the the DT 20467 1362 20 leaves leave NNS 20467 1362 21 from from IN 20467 1362 22 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1362 23 of of IN 20467 1362 24 the the DT 20467 1362 25 previous previous JJ 20467 1362 26 season,--sterile season,--sterile NNP 20467 1362 27 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1362 28 terminal terminal NN 20467 1362 29 and and CC 20467 1362 30 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1362 31 , , , 20467 1362 32 formed form VBN 20467 1362 33 in in IN 20467 1362 34 summer summer NN 20467 1362 35 , , , 20467 1362 36 erect erect NN 20467 1362 37 or or CC 20467 1362 38 inclined incline VBN 20467 1362 39 in in IN 20467 1362 40 the the DT 20467 1362 41 bud bud NN 20467 1362 42 , , , 20467 1362 43 drooping droop VBG 20467 1362 44 when when WRB 20467 1362 45 expanded expand VBN 20467 1362 46 in in IN 20467 1362 47 the the DT 20467 1362 48 following follow VBG 20467 1362 49 spring spring NN 20467 1362 50 ; ; : 20467 1362 51 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1362 52 flowers flower NNS 20467 1362 53 usually usually RB 20467 1362 54 3 3 CD 20467 1362 55 , , , 20467 1362 56 subtended subtend VBN 20467 1362 57 by by IN 20467 1362 58 a a DT 20467 1362 59 shield shield NN 20467 1362 60 - - HYPH 20467 1362 61 shaped shape VBN 20467 1362 62 bract bract NN 20467 1362 63 with with IN 20467 1362 64 2 2 CD 20467 1362 65 bractlets bractlet NNS 20467 1362 66 ; ; : 20467 1362 67 each each DT 20467 1362 68 flower flower NN 20467 1362 69 consisting consist VBG 20467 1362 70 of of IN 20467 1362 71 a a DT 20467 1362 72 1-scaled 1-scaled CD 20467 1362 73 calyx calyx NN 20467 1362 74 and and CC 20467 1362 75 2 2 CD 20467 1362 76 anthers anther NNS 20467 1362 77 , , , 20467 1362 78 which which WDT 20467 1362 79 appear appear VBP 20467 1362 80 to to TO 20467 1362 81 be be VB 20467 1362 82 4 4 CD 20467 1362 83 from from IN 20467 1362 84 the the DT 20467 1362 85 division division NN 20467 1362 86 of of IN 20467 1362 87 the the DT 20467 1362 88 filaments filament NNS 20467 1362 89 into into IN 20467 1362 90 two two CD 20467 1362 91 parts part NNS 20467 1362 92 , , , 20467 1362 93 each each DT 20467 1362 94 of of IN 20467 1362 95 which which WDT 20467 1362 96 bears bear VBZ 20467 1362 97 an an DT 20467 1362 98 anther anther NN 20467 1362 99 cell cell NN 20467 1362 100 : : : 20467 1362 101 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1362 102 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1362 103 erect erect NN 20467 1362 104 or or CC 20467 1362 105 inclined incline VBN 20467 1362 106 at at IN 20467 1362 107 the the DT 20467 1362 108 end end NN 20467 1362 109 of of IN 20467 1362 110 very very RB 20467 1362 111 short short JJ 20467 1362 112 leafy leafy JJ 20467 1362 113 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1362 114 ; ; , 20467 1362 115 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1362 116 flowers flower NNS 20467 1362 117 subtended subtend VBN 20467 1362 118 by by IN 20467 1362 119 a a DT 20467 1362 120 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1362 121 bract bract NN 20467 1362 122 falling fall VBG 20467 1362 123 with with IN 20467 1362 124 the the DT 20467 1362 125 nuts nut NNS 20467 1362 126 ; ; : 20467 1362 127 bractlets bractlet VBZ 20467 1362 128 none none NN 20467 1362 129 ; ; : 20467 1362 130 calyx calyx NN 20467 1362 131 none none NN 20467 1362 132 ; ; : 20467 1362 133 corolla corolla NNP 20467 1362 134 none none NN 20467 1362 135 ; ; : 20467 1362 136 consisting consist VBG 20467 1362 137 of of IN 20467 1362 138 2 2 CD 20467 1362 139 - - SYM 20467 1362 140 3 3 CD 20467 1362 141 ovaries ovary NNS 20467 1362 142 crowned crown VBN 20467 1362 143 with with IN 20467 1362 144 2 2 CD 20467 1362 145 spreading spread VBG 20467 1362 146 styles style NNS 20467 1362 147 . . . 20467 1363 1 = = NFP 20467 1363 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 1363 3 lenta lenta NNP 20467 1363 4 , , , 20467 1363 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 1363 6 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 1363 7 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1363 8 . . . 20467 1364 1 CHERRY cherry NN 20467 1364 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1364 3 . . . 20467 1365 1 SWEET SWEET NNP 20467 1365 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1365 3 . . . 20467 1366 1 = = NFP 20467 1366 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1366 3 and and CC 20467 1366 4 Range.=--Moist range.=--moist JJ 20467 1366 5 grounds ground NNS 20467 1366 6 ; ; : 20467 1366 7 rich rich JJ 20467 1366 8 woods wood NNS 20467 1366 9 , , , 20467 1366 10 old old JJ 20467 1366 11 pastures pasture NNS 20467 1366 12 , , , 20467 1366 13 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1366 14 hill hill NN 20467 1366 15 - - HYPH 20467 1366 16 slopes slope NNS 20467 1366 17 , , , 20467 1366 18 banks bank NNS 20467 1366 19 of of IN 20467 1366 20 rivers river NNS 20467 1366 21 . . . 20467 1367 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 1367 2 and and CC 20467 1367 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1367 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1367 5 to to IN 20467 1367 6 the the DT 20467 1367 7 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1367 8 Superior Superior NNP 20467 1367 9 region region NN 20467 1367 10 . . . 20467 1368 1 Maine,--frequent maine,--frequent NN 20467 1368 2 ; ; : 20467 1368 3 New New NNP 20467 1368 4 Hampshire,--in hampshire,--in NN 20467 1368 5 the the DT 20467 1368 6 highlands highland NNS 20467 1368 7 of of IN 20467 1368 8 the the DT 20467 1368 9 southern southern JJ 20467 1368 10 section section NN 20467 1368 11 , , , 20467 1368 12 and and CC 20467 1368 13 along along IN 20467 1368 14 the the DT 20467 1368 15 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1368 16 river river NN 20467 1368 17 valley valley NN 20467 1368 18 to to IN 20467 1368 19 a a DT 20467 1368 20 short short JJ 20467 1368 21 distance distance NN 20467 1368 22 north north RB 20467 1368 23 of of IN 20467 1368 24 Windsor Windsor NNP 20467 1368 25 ; ; : 20467 1368 26 Vermont,--frequent vermont,--frequent NN 20467 1368 27 in in IN 20467 1368 28 the the DT 20467 1368 29 western western JJ 20467 1368 30 part part NN 20467 1368 31 of of IN 20467 1368 32 the the DT 20467 1368 33 state state NN 20467 1368 34 , , , 20467 1368 35 and and CC 20467 1368 36 in in IN 20467 1368 37 the the DT 20467 1368 38 southern southern JJ 20467 1368 39 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1368 40 valley valley NNP 20467 1368 41 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1368 42 _ _ NNP 20467 1368 43 Flora Flora NNP 20467 1368 44 of of IN 20467 1368 45 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 1368 46 _ _ NNP 20467 1368 47 , , , 20467 1368 48 1900 1900 CD 20467 1368 49 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1368 50 ; ; : 20467 1368 51 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1368 52 and and CC 20467 1368 53 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1368 54 Island,--frequent island,--frequent CC 20467 1368 55 throughout throughout RB 20467 1368 56 , , , 20467 1368 57 especially especially RB 20467 1368 58 in in IN 20467 1368 59 the the DT 20467 1368 60 highlands highland NNS 20467 1368 61 , , , 20467 1368 62 less less RBR 20467 1368 63 often often RB 20467 1368 64 near near IN 20467 1368 65 the the DT 20467 1368 66 coast coast NN 20467 1368 67 ; ; : 20467 1368 68 Connecticut,--widely connecticut,--widely RB 20467 1368 69 distributed distribute VBN 20467 1368 70 , , , 20467 1368 71 especially especially RB 20467 1368 72 in in IN 20467 1368 73 the the DT 20467 1368 74 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1368 75 river river NN 20467 1368 76 valley valley NNP 20467 1368 77 , , , 20467 1368 78 but but CC 20467 1368 79 not not RB 20467 1368 80 common common JJ 20467 1368 81 . . . 20467 1369 1 South South NNP 20467 1369 2 to to IN 20467 1369 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1369 4 , , , 20467 1369 5 along along IN 20467 1369 6 the the DT 20467 1369 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1369 8 to to IN 20467 1369 9 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1369 10 ; ; : 20467 1369 11 west west NN 20467 1369 12 to to IN 20467 1369 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1369 14 and and CC 20467 1369 15 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1369 16 . . . 20467 1370 1 = = NFP 20467 1370 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1370 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1370 4 - - HYPH 20467 1370 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1370 6 or or CC 20467 1370 7 rather rather RB 20467 1370 8 large large JJ 20467 1370 9 tree tree NN 20467 1370 10 , , , 20467 1370 11 50 50 CD 20467 1370 12 - - SYM 20467 1370 13 75 75 CD 20467 1370 14 feet foot NNS 20467 1370 15 high high JJ 20467 1370 16 , , , 20467 1370 17 with with IN 20467 1370 18 a a DT 20467 1370 19 trunk trunk NN 20467 1370 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 1370 21 of of IN 20467 1370 22 1 1 CD 20467 1370 23 - - SYM 20467 1370 24 4 4 CD 20467 1370 25 feet foot NNS 20467 1370 26 , , , 20467 1370 27 often often RB 20467 1370 28 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1370 29 along along IN 20467 1370 30 precipitous precipitous JJ 20467 1370 31 ledges ledge NNS 20467 1370 32 , , , 20467 1370 33 springing spring VBG 20467 1370 34 out out IN 20467 1370 35 of of IN 20467 1370 36 crevices crevice NNS 20467 1370 37 in in IN 20467 1370 38 the the DT 20467 1370 39 rocks rock NNS 20467 1370 40 and and CC 20467 1370 41 assuming assume VBG 20467 1370 42 a a DT 20467 1370 43 variety variety NN 20467 1370 44 of of IN 20467 1370 45 picturesque picturesque NN 20467 1370 46 forms form NNS 20467 1370 47 . . . 20467 1371 1 In in IN 20467 1371 2 open open JJ 20467 1371 3 ground ground NN 20467 1371 4 the the DT 20467 1371 5 dark dark JJ 20467 1371 6 trunk trunk NN 20467 1371 7 develops develop VBZ 20467 1371 8 a a DT 20467 1371 9 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 1371 10 , , , 20467 1371 11 wide wide RB 20467 1371 12 - - HYPH 20467 1371 13 spreading spread VBG 20467 1371 14 , , , 20467 1371 15 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 1371 16 head head NN 20467 1371 17 broadest broad JJS 20467 1371 18 at at IN 20467 1371 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1371 20 base base NN 20467 1371 21 , , , 20467 1371 22 the the DT 20467 1371 23 lower low JJR 20467 1371 24 limbs limb NNS 20467 1371 25 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1371 26 or or CC 20467 1371 27 drooping droop VBG 20467 1371 28 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1371 29 nearly nearly RB 20467 1371 30 to to IN 20467 1371 31 the the DT 20467 1371 32 ground ground NN 20467 1371 33 . . . 20467 1372 1 The the DT 20467 1372 2 limbs limb NNS 20467 1372 3 are be VBP 20467 1372 4 long long JJ 20467 1372 5 and and CC 20467 1372 6 slender slend JJR 20467 1372 7 , , , 20467 1372 8 often often RB 20467 1372 9 more more RBR 20467 1372 10 or or CC 20467 1372 11 less less RBR 20467 1372 12 tortuous tortuous JJ 20467 1372 13 , , , 20467 1372 14 and and CC 20467 1372 15 separated separate VBD 20467 1372 16 ultimately ultimately RB 20467 1372 17 into into IN 20467 1372 18 a a DT 20467 1372 19 delicate delicate JJ 20467 1372 20 , , , 20467 1372 21 polished polished JJ 20467 1372 22 spray spray NN 20467 1372 23 . . . 20467 1373 1 Distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 1373 2 by by IN 20467 1373 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1373 4 long long JJ 20467 1373 5 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1373 6 - - HYPH 20467 1373 7 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1373 8 , , , 20467 1373 9 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1373 10 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1373 11 in in IN 20467 1373 12 spring spring NN 20467 1373 13 , , , 20467 1373 14 and and CC 20467 1373 15 in in IN 20467 1373 16 summer summer NN 20467 1373 17 by by IN 20467 1373 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1373 19 glossy glossy JJ 20467 1373 20 , , , 20467 1373 21 bright bright JJ 20467 1373 22 green green NN 20467 1373 23 , , , 20467 1373 24 and and CC 20467 1373 25 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1373 26 foliage foliage NN 20467 1373 27 , , , 20467 1373 28 which which WDT 20467 1373 29 becomes become VBZ 20467 1373 30 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1373 31 in in IN 20467 1373 32 autumn autumn NN 20467 1373 33 . . . 20467 1374 1 = = NFP 20467 1374 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1374 3 of of IN 20467 1374 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1374 5 on on IN 20467 1374 6 old old JJ 20467 1374 7 trees tree NNS 20467 1374 8 very very RB 20467 1374 9 dark dark JJ 20467 1374 10 , , , 20467 1374 11 separating separate VBG 20467 1374 12 and and CC 20467 1374 13 cleaving cleave VBG 20467 1374 14 off off RP 20467 1374 15 in in IN 20467 1374 16 large large JJ 20467 1374 17 , , , 20467 1374 18 thickish thickish JJ 20467 1374 19 plates plate NNS 20467 1374 20 ; ; : 20467 1374 21 on on IN 20467 1374 22 young young JJ 20467 1374 23 trees tree NNS 20467 1374 24 and and CC 20467 1374 25 on on IN 20467 1374 26 branches branch NNS 20467 1374 27 a a DT 20467 1374 28 dark dark JJ 20467 1374 29 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1374 30 - - HYPH 20467 1374 31 brown brown JJ 20467 1374 32 , , , 20467 1374 33 not not RB 20467 1374 34 separating separate VBG 20467 1374 35 into into IN 20467 1374 36 thin thin JJ 20467 1374 37 layers layer NNS 20467 1374 38 , , , 20467 1374 39 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1374 40 , , , 20467 1374 41 with with IN 20467 1374 42 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1374 43 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1374 44 lines line NNS 20467 1374 45 1 1 CD 20467 1374 46 - - SYM 20467 1374 47 3 3 CD 20467 1374 48 inches inch NNS 20467 1374 49 long long RB 20467 1374 50 ; ; : 20467 1374 51 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1374 52 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1374 53 - - HYPH 20467 1374 54 brown brown JJ 20467 1374 55 , , , 20467 1374 56 shining shine VBG 20467 1374 57 , , , 20467 1374 58 with with IN 20467 1374 59 shorter short JJR 20467 1374 60 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1374 61 lines line NNS 20467 1374 62 ; ; : 20467 1374 63 season season NN 20467 1374 64 's 's POS 20467 1374 65 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1374 66 with with IN 20467 1374 67 small small JJ 20467 1374 68 , , , 20467 1374 69 pale pale JJ 20467 1374 70 dots dot NNS 20467 1374 71 . . . 20467 1375 1 Inner inner JJ 20467 1375 2 bark bark NN 20467 1375 3 very very RB 20467 1375 4 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 1375 5 , , , 20467 1375 6 having have VBG 20467 1375 7 a a DT 20467 1375 8 strong strong JJ 20467 1375 9 checkerberry checkerberry NN 20467 1375 10 flavor,--hence flavor,--hence NNP 20467 1375 11 the the DT 20467 1375 12 common common JJ 20467 1375 13 name name NN 20467 1375 14 , , , 20467 1375 15 " " `` 20467 1375 16 checkerberry checkerberry NNP 20467 1375 17 birch birch NNP 20467 1375 18 " " '' 20467 1375 19 ; ; , 20467 1375 20 called call VBD 20467 1375 21 also also RB 20467 1375 22 " " `` 20467 1375 23 cherry cherry NN 20467 1375 24 birch birch NN 20467 1375 25 , , , 20467 1375 26 " " '' 20467 1375 27 from from IN 20467 1375 28 the the DT 20467 1375 29 resemblance resemblance NN 20467 1375 30 of of IN 20467 1375 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1375 32 bark bark NN 20467 1375 33 to to IN 20467 1375 34 that that DT 20467 1375 35 of of IN 20467 1375 36 the the DT 20467 1375 37 garden garden NN 20467 1375 38 cherry cherry NN 20467 1375 39 . . . 20467 1376 1 = = NFP 20467 1376 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1376 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1376 4 and and CC 20467 1376 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1376 6 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1376 7 - - HYPH 20467 1376 8 brown brown JJ 20467 1376 9 , , , 20467 1376 10 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1376 11 or or CC 20467 1376 12 conical conical JJ 20467 1376 13 , , , 20467 1376 14 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1376 15 , , , 20467 1376 16 inner inner JJ 20467 1376 17 scales scale NNS 20467 1376 18 whitish whitish NNP 20467 1376 19 , , , 20467 1376 20 elongating elongate VBG 20467 1376 21 as as IN 20467 1376 22 the the DT 20467 1376 23 bud bud NN 20467 1376 24 opens open VBZ 20467 1376 25 . . . 20467 1377 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1377 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1377 3 , , , 20467 1377 4 in in IN 20467 1377 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1377 6 pairs pair NNS 20467 1377 7 , , , 20467 1377 8 3 3 CD 20467 1377 9 - - SYM 20467 1377 10 4 4 CD 20467 1377 11 inches inch NNS 20467 1377 12 long long JJ 20467 1377 13 and and CC 20467 1377 14 one one CD 20467 1377 15 - - HYPH 20467 1377 16 half half NN 20467 1377 17 as as RB 20467 1377 18 wide wide JJ 20467 1377 19 , , , 20467 1377 20 shining shine VBG 20467 1377 21 green green JJ 20467 1377 22 above above IN 20467 1377 23 and and CC 20467 1377 24 downy downy JJ 20467 1377 25 when when WRB 20467 1377 26 young young JJ 20467 1377 27 , , , 20467 1377 28 paler paler NN 20467 1377 29 beneath beneath IN 20467 1377 30 and and CC 20467 1377 31 silvery silvery JJ 20467 1377 32 - - HYPH 20467 1377 33 downy downy NN 20467 1377 34 along along IN 20467 1377 35 the the DT 20467 1377 36 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1377 37 , , , 20467 1377 38 straight straight JJ 20467 1377 39 veins vein NNS 20467 1377 40 ; ; : 20467 1377 41 outline outline NN 20467 1377 42 ovate ovate NN 20467 1377 43 - - HYPH 20467 1377 44 oval oval JJ 20467 1377 45 , , , 20467 1377 46 ovate ovate NN 20467 1377 47 - - HYPH 20467 1377 48 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1377 49 , , , 20467 1377 50 or or CC 20467 1377 51 oval oval NN 20467 1377 52 ; ; : 20467 1377 53 sharply sharply RB 20467 1377 54 serrate serrate VBP 20467 1377 55 to to TO 20467 1377 56 doubly doubly RB 20467 1377 57 serrate serrate VB 20467 1377 58 ; ; : 20467 1377 59 apex apex NNP 20467 1377 60 acute acute JJ 20467 1377 61 to to TO 20467 1377 62 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 1377 63 ; ; : 20467 1377 64 base base NN 20467 1377 65 heart heart NN 20467 1377 66 - - HYPH 20467 1377 67 shaped shape VBN 20467 1377 68 to to TO 20467 1377 69 obtuse obtuse VB 20467 1377 70 ; ; : 20467 1377 71 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1377 72 short short JJ 20467 1377 73 , , , 20467 1377 74 often often RB 20467 1377 75 curved curved JJ 20467 1377 76 , , , 20467 1377 77 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1377 78 when when WRB 20467 1377 79 young young JJ 20467 1377 80 ; ; : 20467 1377 81 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1377 82 soon soon RB 20467 1377 83 falling fall VBG 20467 1377 84 . . . 20467 1378 1 = = NFP 20467 1378 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1378 3 to to IN 20467 1378 4 May. May NNP 20467 1379 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1379 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1379 3 3 3 CD 20467 1379 4 - - SYM 20467 1379 5 4 4 CD 20467 1379 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1379 7 long long JJ 20467 1379 8 , , , 20467 1379 9 slender slend JJR 20467 1379 10 , , , 20467 1379 11 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1379 12 - - HYPH 20467 1379 13 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1379 14 ; ; : 20467 1379 15 scales scale NNS 20467 1379 16 fringed fringe VBN 20467 1379 17 : : : 20467 1379 18 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1379 19 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1379 20 erect erect NN 20467 1379 21 or or CC 20467 1379 22 suberect suberect VBP 20467 1379 23 , , , 20467 1379 24 sessile sessile JJ 20467 1379 25 or or CC 20467 1379 26 nearly nearly RB 20467 1379 27 so so RB 20467 1379 28 , , , 20467 1379 29 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1379 30 - - SYM 20467 1379 31 1 1 CD 20467 1379 32 inch inch NN 20467 1379 33 long long JJ 20467 1379 34 , , , 20467 1379 35 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1379 36 - - HYPH 20467 1379 37 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1379 38 ; ; : 20467 1379 39 bracts bract NNS 20467 1379 40 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1379 41 ; ; : 20467 1379 42 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1379 43 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1379 44 wider wider RBR 20467 1379 45 than than IN 20467 1379 46 in in IN 20467 1379 47 _ _ NNP 20467 1379 48 B. B. NNP 20467 1380 1 lutea lutea UH 20467 1380 2 . . . 20467 1380 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1380 4 = = SYM 20467 1380 5 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 1380 6 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1380 7 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1380 8 - - HYPH 20467 1380 9 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1380 10 , , , 20467 1380 11 nearly nearly RB 20467 1380 12 erect erect VBP 20467 1380 13 ; ; : 20467 1380 14 bracts bract NNS 20467 1380 15 with with IN 20467 1380 16 3 3 CD 20467 1380 17 short short JJ 20467 1380 18 , , , 20467 1380 19 nearly nearly RB 20467 1380 20 equal equal JJ 20467 1380 21 diverging diverging NN 20467 1380 22 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1380 23 : : : 20467 1380 24 nut nut NNP 20467 1380 25 obovate obovate NNP 20467 1380 26 - - HYPH 20467 1380 27 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1380 28 , , , 20467 1380 29 wider wide JJR 20467 1380 30 than than IN 20467 1380 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1380 32 wings wing NNS 20467 1380 33 ; ; , 20467 1380 34 upper upper JJ 20467 1380 35 part part NN 20467 1380 36 of of IN 20467 1380 37 seed seed NN 20467 1380 38 - - HYPH 20467 1380 39 body body NN 20467 1380 40 usually usually RB 20467 1380 41 appressed appresse VBN 20467 1380 42 - - HYPH 20467 1380 43 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1380 44 . . . 20467 1381 1 = = NFP 20467 1381 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1381 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1381 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1381 5 New New NNP 20467 1381 6 England England NNP 20467 1381 7 ; ; : 20467 1381 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1381 9 everywhere everywhere RB 20467 1381 10 from from IN 20467 1381 11 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1381 12 to to IN 20467 1381 13 hilltops hilltop NNS 20467 1381 14 , , , 20467 1381 15 but but CC 20467 1381 16 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1381 17 moist moist VBP 20467 1381 18 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1381 19 slopes slope NNS 20467 1381 20 and and CC 20467 1381 21 a a DT 20467 1381 22 loamy loamy NN 20467 1381 23 or or CC 20467 1381 24 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1381 25 soil soil NN 20467 1381 26 ; ; : 20467 1381 27 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1381 28 offered offer VBN 20467 1381 29 by by IN 20467 1381 30 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1381 31 ; ; : 20467 1381 32 both both CC 20467 1381 33 nursery nursery NN 20467 1381 34 and and CC 20467 1381 35 collected collected JJ 20467 1381 36 plants plant NNS 20467 1381 37 are be VBP 20467 1381 38 moved move VBN 20467 1381 39 without without IN 20467 1381 40 serious serious JJ 20467 1381 41 difficulty difficulty NN 20467 1381 42 ; ; : 20467 1381 43 apt apt JJ 20467 1381 44 to to TO 20467 1381 45 grow grow VB 20467 1381 46 rather rather RB 20467 1381 47 unevenly unevenly RB 20467 1381 48 . . . 20467 1382 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1382 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1382 3 : : : 20467 1382 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1382 5 XXX.--Betula XXX.--Betula NNP 20467 1382 6 lenta lenta NNP 20467 1382 7 . . . 20467 1382 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1383 1 1 1 LS 20467 1383 2 . . . 20467 1384 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1384 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1384 3 . . . 20467 1385 1 2 2 LS 20467 1385 2 . . . 20467 1386 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1386 2 branch branch NN 20467 1386 3 . . . 20467 1387 1 3 3 LS 20467 1387 2 . . . 20467 1388 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1388 2 flower flower NN 20467 1388 3 , , , 20467 1388 4 back back JJ 20467 1388 5 view view NN 20467 1388 6 . . . 20467 1389 1 4 4 LS 20467 1389 2 . . . 20467 1390 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1390 2 flower flower NN 20467 1390 3 , , , 20467 1390 4 front front JJ 20467 1390 5 view view NN 20467 1390 6 . . . 20467 1391 1 5 5 CD 20467 1391 2 . . . 20467 1392 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1392 2 flower flower NN 20467 1392 3 . . . 20467 1393 1 6 6 CD 20467 1393 2 . . . 20467 1394 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1394 2 branch branch NN 20467 1394 3 . . . 20467 1395 1 7 7 LS 20467 1395 2 . . . 20467 1396 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1396 2 . . . 20467 1397 1 8 8 LS 20467 1397 2 . . . 20467 1398 1 Mature mature JJ 20467 1398 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 1398 3 . . . 20467 1399 1 = = NFP 20467 1399 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 1399 3 lutea lutea NN 20467 1399 4 , , , 20467 1399 5 Michx michx UH 20467 1399 6 . . . 20467 1400 1 f.= f.= NN 20467 1400 2 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 20467 1400 3 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1400 4 . . . 20467 1401 1 GRAY gray NN 20467 1401 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1401 3 . . . 20467 1402 1 = = NFP 20467 1402 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1402 3 and and CC 20467 1402 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 1402 5 , , , 20467 1402 6 rich rich JJ 20467 1402 7 woodlands woodland NNS 20467 1402 8 , , , 20467 1402 9 mountain mountain NN 20467 1402 10 slopes slope NNS 20467 1402 11 . . . 20467 1403 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 1403 2 and and CC 20467 1403 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1403 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1403 5 to to IN 20467 1403 6 Rainy Rainy NNP 20467 1403 7 river river NNP 20467 1403 8 . . . 20467 1404 1 New new JJ 20467 1404 2 England,--abundant england,--abundant NN 20467 1404 3 northward northward RB 20467 1404 4 ; ; : 20467 1404 5 common common JJ 20467 1404 6 throughout throughout IN 20467 1404 7 , , , 20467 1404 8 from from IN 20467 1404 9 borders border NNS 20467 1404 10 of of IN 20467 1404 11 lowland lowland NN 20467 1404 12 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1404 13 to to IN 20467 1404 14 1000 1000 CD 20467 1404 15 feet foot NNS 20467 1404 16 above above IN 20467 1404 17 the the DT 20467 1404 18 sea sea NN 20467 1404 19 level level NN 20467 1404 20 ; ; : 20467 1404 21 more more RBR 20467 1404 22 common common JJ 20467 1404 23 at at IN 20467 1404 24 considerable considerable JJ 20467 1404 25 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 1404 26 , , , 20467 1404 27 where where WRB 20467 1404 28 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1404 29 often often RB 20467 1404 30 occurs occur VBZ 20467 1404 31 in in IN 20467 1404 32 extensive extensive JJ 20467 1404 33 patches patch NNS 20467 1404 34 or or CC 20467 1404 35 belts belt NNS 20467 1404 36 . . . 20467 1405 1 South south RB 20467 1405 2 to to IN 20467 1405 3 the the DT 20467 1405 4 middle middle JJ 20467 1405 5 states state NNS 20467 1405 6 , , , 20467 1405 7 and and CC 20467 1405 8 along along IN 20467 1405 9 the the DT 20467 1405 10 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1405 11 to to IN 20467 1405 12 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 1405 13 and and CC 20467 1405 14 North North NNP 20467 1405 15 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 1405 16 ; ; : 20467 1405 17 west west NN 20467 1405 18 to to IN 20467 1405 19 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1405 20 . . . 20467 1406 1 = = NFP 20467 1406 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1406 3 large large JJ 20467 1406 4 tree tree NN 20467 1406 5 , , , 20467 1406 6 at at IN 20467 1406 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1406 8 maximum maximum NN 20467 1406 9 in in IN 20467 1406 10 northern northern JJ 20467 1406 11 New New NNP 20467 1406 12 England England NNP 20467 1406 13 60 60 CD 20467 1406 14 - - SYM 20467 1406 15 90 90 CD 20467 1406 16 feet foot NNS 20467 1406 17 high high JJ 20467 1406 18 and and CC 20467 1406 19 2 2 CD 20467 1406 20 - - SYM 20467 1406 21 4 4 CD 20467 1406 22 feet foot NNS 20467 1406 23 in in IN 20467 1406 24 diameter diameter NN 20467 1406 25 at at IN 20467 1406 26 the the DT 20467 1406 27 base base NN 20467 1406 28 . . . 20467 1407 1 In in IN 20467 1407 2 the the DT 20467 1407 3 forest forest NN 20467 1407 4 the the DT 20467 1407 5 main main JJ 20467 1407 6 trunk trunk NN 20467 1407 7 separates separate NNS 20467 1407 8 at at IN 20467 1407 9 a a DT 20467 1407 10 considerable considerable JJ 20467 1407 11 height height NN 20467 1407 12 into into IN 20467 1407 13 a a DT 20467 1407 14 few few JJ 20467 1407 15 large large JJ 20467 1407 16 branches branch NNS 20467 1407 17 which which WDT 20467 1407 18 rise rise VBP 20467 1407 19 at at IN 20467 1407 20 a a DT 20467 1407 21 sharp sharp JJ 20467 1407 22 angle angle NN 20467 1407 23 , , , 20467 1407 24 curving curve VBG 20467 1407 25 slightly slightly RB 20467 1407 26 , , , 20467 1407 27 forming form VBG 20467 1407 28 a a DT 20467 1407 29 rather rather RB 20467 1407 30 small small JJ 20467 1407 31 , , , 20467 1407 32 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1407 33 head head NN 20467 1407 34 , , , 20467 1407 35 widest wide JJS 20467 1407 36 near near IN 20467 1407 37 the the DT 20467 1407 38 top top NN 20467 1407 39 ; ; : 20467 1407 40 while while IN 20467 1407 41 in in IN 20467 1407 42 open open JJ 20467 1407 43 ground ground NN 20467 1407 44 the the DT 20467 1407 45 head head NN 20467 1407 46 is be VBZ 20467 1407 47 broad broad RB 20467 1407 48 - - HYPH 20467 1407 49 spreading spread VBG 20467 1407 50 , , , 20467 1407 51 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 1407 52 , , , 20467 1407 53 with with IN 20467 1407 54 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1407 55 rather rather RB 20467 1407 56 equal equal JJ 20467 1407 57 , , , 20467 1407 58 long long JJ 20467 1407 59 and and CC 20467 1407 60 slender slend JJR 20467 1407 61 branches branch NNS 20467 1407 62 , , , 20467 1407 63 and and CC 20467 1407 64 a a DT 20467 1407 65 fine fine JJ 20467 1407 66 spray spray NN 20467 1407 67 with with IN 20467 1407 68 drooping droop VBG 20467 1407 69 tendencies tendency NNS 20467 1407 70 . . . 20467 1408 1 In in IN 20467 1408 2 the the DT 20467 1408 3 sunlight sunlight NN 20467 1408 4 the the DT 20467 1408 5 silvery silvery JJ 20467 1408 6 - - HYPH 20467 1408 7 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1408 8 feathering feathering NN 20467 1408 9 and and CC 20467 1408 10 the the DT 20467 1408 11 metallic metallic JJ 20467 1408 12 sheen sheen NN 20467 1408 13 of of IN 20467 1408 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 1408 15 and and CC 20467 1408 16 branches branch NNS 20467 1408 17 make make VBP 20467 1408 18 the the DT 20467 1408 19 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1408 20 birch birch NN 20467 1408 21 one one CD 20467 1408 22 of of IN 20467 1408 23 the the DT 20467 1408 24 most most RBS 20467 1408 25 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1408 26 trees tree NNS 20467 1408 27 of of IN 20467 1408 28 the the DT 20467 1408 29 New New NNP 20467 1408 30 England England NNP 20467 1408 31 forest forest NN 20467 1408 32 . . . 20467 1409 1 = = NFP 20467 1409 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1409 3 of of IN 20467 1409 4 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1409 5 and and CC 20467 1409 6 large large JJ 20467 1409 7 limbs limb NNS 20467 1409 8 in in IN 20467 1409 9 old old JJ 20467 1409 10 trees tree NNS 20467 1409 11 gray gray JJ 20467 1409 12 or or CC 20467 1409 13 blackish blackish NN 20467 1409 14 , , , 20467 1409 15 lustreless lustreless NN 20467 1409 16 , , , 20467 1409 17 deep deep RB 20467 1409 18 - - HYPH 20467 1409 19 seamed seam VBN 20467 1409 20 , , , 20467 1409 21 split split VBD 20467 1409 22 into into IN 20467 1409 23 thick thick JJ 20467 1409 24 plates plate NNS 20467 1409 25 , , , 20467 1409 26 standing stand VBG 20467 1409 27 out out RP 20467 1409 28 at at IN 20467 1409 29 all all DT 20467 1409 30 sorts sort NNS 20467 1409 31 of of IN 20467 1409 32 angles angle NNS 20467 1409 33 ; ; : 20467 1409 34 in in IN 20467 1409 35 trees tree NNS 20467 1409 36 6 6 CD 20467 1409 37 - - SYM 20467 1409 38 8 8 CD 20467 1409 39 inches inch NNS 20467 1409 40 in in IN 20467 1409 41 diameter diameter NN 20467 1409 42 , , , 20467 1409 43 scarf scarf NN 20467 1409 44 - - HYPH 20467 1409 45 bark bark NN 20467 1409 46 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 1409 47 , , , 20467 1409 48 parted part VBN 20467 1409 49 in in IN 20467 1409 50 ribbon ribbon NN 20467 1409 51 - - HYPH 20467 1409 52 like like NNP 20467 1409 53 strips strip NNS 20467 1409 54 , , , 20467 1409 55 detached detach VBD 20467 1409 56 at at IN 20467 1409 57 one one CD 20467 1409 58 end end NN 20467 1409 59 and and CC 20467 1409 60 running run VBG 20467 1409 61 up up RP 20467 1409 62 the the DT 20467 1409 63 trunk trunk NN 20467 1409 64 in in IN 20467 1409 65 delicate delicate JJ 20467 1409 66 , , , 20467 1409 67 tattered tattered JJ 20467 1409 68 fringes fringe NNS 20467 1409 69 ; ; : 20467 1409 70 season season NN 20467 1409 71 's 's POS 20467 1409 72 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1409 73 light light VBP 20467 1409 74 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1409 75 - - HYPH 20467 1409 76 green green JJ 20467 1409 77 , , , 20467 1409 78 minutely minutely RB 20467 1409 79 buff buff NN 20467 1409 80 - - HYPH 20467 1409 81 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1409 82 , , , 20467 1409 83 woolly woolly JJ 20467 1409 84 - - HYPH 20467 1409 85 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1409 86 , , , 20467 1409 87 becoming become VBG 20467 1409 88 in in IN 20467 1409 89 successive successive JJ 20467 1409 90 seasons season NNS 20467 1409 91 darker darker RB 20467 1409 92 and and CC 20467 1409 93 more more RBR 20467 1409 94 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 1409 95 , , , 20467 1409 96 the the DT 20467 1409 97 dots dot NNS 20467 1409 98 elongating elongate VBG 20467 1409 99 into into IN 20467 1409 100 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1409 101 lines line NNS 20467 1409 102 . . . 20467 1410 1 Aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 1410 2 but but CC 20467 1410 3 less less RBR 20467 1410 4 so so RB 20467 1410 5 than than IN 20467 1410 6 the the DT 20467 1410 7 bark bark NN 20467 1410 8 of of IN 20467 1410 9 the the DT 20467 1410 10 black black JJ 20467 1410 11 birch birch NN 20467 1410 12 ; ; : 20467 1410 13 not not RB 20467 1410 14 readily readily RB 20467 1410 15 detachable detachable JJ 20467 1410 16 like like IN 20467 1410 17 the the DT 20467 1410 18 bark bark NN 20467 1410 19 of of IN 20467 1410 20 the the DT 20467 1410 21 canoe canoe NNP 20467 1410 22 birch birch NNP 20467 1410 23 . . . 20467 1411 1 = = NFP 20467 1411 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1411 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1411 4 and and CC 20467 1411 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1411 6 conical conical JJ 20467 1411 7 , , , 20467 1411 8 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 1411 9 inch inch NN 20467 1411 10 long long RB 20467 1411 11 , , , 20467 1411 12 mostly mostly RB 20467 1411 13 appressed appresse VBN 20467 1411 14 , , , 20467 1411 15 tips tip NNS 20467 1411 16 of of IN 20467 1411 17 scales scale NNS 20467 1411 18 brownish brownish NNP 20467 1411 19 . . . 20467 1412 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1412 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1412 3 , , , 20467 1412 4 in in IN 20467 1412 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1412 6 pairs pair NNS 20467 1412 7 or or CC 20467 1412 8 scattered scatter VBN 20467 1412 9 singly singly RB 20467 1412 10 along along IN 20467 1412 11 the the DT 20467 1412 12 stem stem NN 20467 1412 13 ; ; : 20467 1412 14 3 3 CD 20467 1412 15 - - SYM 20467 1412 16 5 5 CD 20467 1412 17 inches inch NNS 20467 1412 18 long long JJ 20467 1412 19 , , , 20467 1412 20 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1412 21 - - SYM 20467 1412 22 2 2 CD 20467 1412 23 inches inch NNS 20467 1412 24 wide wide JJ 20467 1412 25 , , , 20467 1412 26 dull dull JJ 20467 1412 27 green green NN 20467 1412 28 on on IN 20467 1412 29 both both DT 20467 1412 30 sides side NNS 20467 1412 31 , , , 20467 1412 32 paler paler NN 20467 1412 33 beneath beneath IN 20467 1412 34 and and CC 20467 1412 35 more more RBR 20467 1412 36 or or CC 20467 1412 37 less less JJR 20467 1412 38 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1412 39 on on IN 20467 1412 40 the the DT 20467 1412 41 straight straight JJ 20467 1412 42 veins vein NNS 20467 1412 43 ; ; : 20467 1412 44 outline outline VB 20467 1412 45 oval oval NN 20467 1412 46 to to IN 20467 1412 47 oblong oblong VB 20467 1412 48 , , , 20467 1412 49 for for IN 20467 1412 50 the the DT 20467 1412 51 most most JJS 20467 1412 52 part part NN 20467 1412 53 doubly doubly RB 20467 1412 54 serrate serrate VBP 20467 1412 55 ; ; : 20467 1412 56 apex apex NNP 20467 1412 57 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1412 58 or or CC 20467 1412 59 acute acute JJ 20467 1412 60 ; ; : 20467 1412 61 base base JJ 20467 1412 62 heart heart NN 20467 1412 63 - - HYPH 20467 1412 64 shaped shape VBN 20467 1412 65 , , , 20467 1412 66 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1412 67 or or CC 20467 1412 68 truncate truncate JJ 20467 1412 69 ; ; : 20467 1412 70 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1412 71 short short JJ 20467 1412 72 , , , 20467 1412 73 grooved grooved JJ 20467 1412 74 , , , 20467 1412 75 often often RB 20467 1412 76 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1412 77 or or CC 20467 1412 78 woolly woolly RB 20467 1412 79 ; ; : 20467 1412 80 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1412 81 soon soon RB 20467 1412 82 falling fall VBG 20467 1412 83 . . . 20467 1413 1 = = NFP 20467 1413 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1413 3 to to IN 20467 1413 4 May. May NNP 20467 1414 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1414 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1414 3 3 3 CD 20467 1414 4 - - SYM 20467 1414 5 4 4 CD 20467 1414 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1414 7 long long JJ 20467 1414 8 , , , 20467 1414 9 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1414 10 - - HYPH 20467 1414 11 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1414 12 ; ; : 20467 1414 13 scales scale NNS 20467 1414 14 fringed fringe VBN 20467 1414 15 : : : 20467 1414 16 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1414 17 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1414 18 sessile sessile NN 20467 1414 19 or or CC 20467 1414 20 nearly nearly RB 20467 1414 21 so so RB 20467 1414 22 , , , 20467 1414 23 about about RB 20467 1414 24 1 1 CD 20467 1414 25 inch inch NN 20467 1414 26 long long JJ 20467 1414 27 , , , 20467 1414 28 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1414 29 ; ; : 20467 1414 30 bracts bract NNS 20467 1414 31 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1414 32 , , , 20467 1414 33 nearly nearly RB 20467 1414 34 to to IN 20467 1414 35 the the DT 20467 1414 36 middle middle NN 20467 1414 37 , , , 20467 1414 38 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1414 39 , , , 20467 1414 40 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1414 41 slightly slightly RB 20467 1414 42 spreading spread VBG 20467 1414 43 . . . 20467 1415 1 = = NFP 20467 1415 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 1415 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1415 4 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1415 5 or or CC 20467 1415 6 oblong oblong NN 20467 1415 7 - - HYPH 20467 1415 8 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1415 9 , , , 20467 1415 10 about about RB 20467 1415 11 1 1 CD 20467 1415 12 inch inch NN 20467 1415 13 long long JJ 20467 1415 14 and and CC 20467 1415 15 two two CD 20467 1415 16 - - HYPH 20467 1415 17 thirds third NNS 20467 1415 18 as as IN 20467 1415 19 thick thick JJ 20467 1415 20 , , , 20467 1415 21 erect erect NN 20467 1415 22 : : : 20467 1415 23 nut nut NNP 20467 1415 24 oval oval NN 20467 1415 25 to to TO 20467 1415 26 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 1415 27 obovate obovate VB 20467 1415 28 , , , 20467 1415 29 tapering taper VBG 20467 1415 30 at at IN 20467 1415 31 each each DT 20467 1415 32 end end NN 20467 1415 33 , , , 20467 1415 34 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1415 35 on on IN 20467 1415 36 the the DT 20467 1415 37 upper upper JJ 20467 1415 38 part part NN 20467 1415 39 , , , 20467 1415 40 about about IN 20467 1415 41 the the DT 20467 1415 42 width width NN 20467 1415 43 of of IN 20467 1415 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1415 45 wing wing NN 20467 1415 46 . . . 20467 1416 1 = = NFP 20467 1416 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1416 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1416 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1416 5 New New NNP 20467 1416 6 England England NNP 20467 1416 7 ; ; : 20467 1416 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1416 9 in in IN 20467 1416 10 wet wet JJ 20467 1416 11 or or CC 20467 1416 12 dry dry JJ 20467 1416 13 situations situation NNS 20467 1416 14 , , , 20467 1416 15 but but CC 20467 1416 16 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1416 17 wet wet JJ 20467 1416 18 , , , 20467 1416 19 peaty peaty NN 20467 1416 20 soil soil NN 20467 1416 21 , , , 20467 1416 22 where where WRB 20467 1416 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1416 24 roots root NNS 20467 1416 25 can can MD 20467 1416 26 find find VB 20467 1416 27 a a DT 20467 1416 28 constant constant JJ 20467 1416 29 supply supply NN 20467 1416 30 of of IN 20467 1416 31 moisture moisture NN 20467 1416 32 ; ; : 20467 1416 33 similar similar JJ 20467 1416 34 to to IN 20467 1416 35 the the DT 20467 1416 36 black black JJ 20467 1416 37 birch birch NN 20467 1416 38 , , , 20467 1416 39 equally equally RB 20467 1416 40 valuable valuable JJ 20467 1416 41 in in IN 20467 1416 42 landscape landscape NN 20467 1416 43 - - HYPH 20467 1416 44 gardening gardening NN 20467 1416 45 , , , 20467 1416 46 but but CC 20467 1416 47 less less RBR 20467 1416 48 desirable desirable JJ 20467 1416 49 as as IN 20467 1416 50 a a DT 20467 1416 51 street street NN 20467 1416 52 tree tree NN 20467 1416 53 ; ; , 20467 1416 54 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 1416 55 without without IN 20467 1416 56 serious serious JJ 20467 1416 57 difficulty difficulty NN 20467 1416 58 . . . 20467 1417 1 Differences difference NNS 20467 1417 2 between between IN 20467 1417 3 black black JJ 20467 1417 4 birch birch NN 20467 1417 5 and and CC 20467 1417 6 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1417 7 birch birch NN 20467 1417 8 : : : 20467 1417 9 = = NFP 20467 1417 10 Black black JJ 20467 1417 11 Birch.=--Bark Birch.=--Bark NNP 20467 1417 12 reddish reddish NN 20467 1417 13 - - HYPH 20467 1417 14 brown brown JJ 20467 1417 15 , , , 20467 1417 16 not not RB 20467 1417 17 separable separable JJ 20467 1417 18 into into IN 20467 1417 19 thin thin JJ 20467 1417 20 layers layer NNS 20467 1417 21 ; ; : 20467 1417 22 leaves leave NNS 20467 1417 23 bright bright RB 20467 1417 24 green green RB 20467 1417 25 above above RB 20467 1417 26 , , , 20467 1417 27 finely finely RB 20467 1417 28 serrate serrate VB 20467 1417 29 ; ; : 20467 1417 30 fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1417 31 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1417 32 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1417 33 ; ; : 20467 1417 34 bark bark NN 20467 1417 35 of of IN 20467 1417 36 twigs twig NNS 20467 1417 37 decidedly decidedly RB 20467 1417 38 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 1417 39 . . . 20467 1418 1 = = NFP 20467 1418 2 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 1418 3 Birch.=--Bark Birch.=--Bark NNP 20467 1418 4 yellow yellow NN 20467 1418 5 , , , 20467 1418 6 separable separable JJ 20467 1418 7 into into IN 20467 1418 8 thin thin JJ 20467 1418 9 layers layer NNS 20467 1418 10 ; ; : 20467 1418 11 leaves leave VBZ 20467 1418 12 dull dull JJ 20467 1418 13 green green RB 20467 1418 14 above above RB 20467 1418 15 ; ; : 20467 1418 16 serration serration NN 20467 1418 17 coarser coarser NN 20467 1418 18 and and CC 20467 1418 19 more more RBR 20467 1418 20 decidedly decidedly RB 20467 1418 21 doubly doubly RB 20467 1418 22 serrate serrate VBP 20467 1418 23 ; ; : 20467 1418 24 fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1418 25 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1418 26 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1418 27 or or CC 20467 1418 28 oblong oblong NN 20467 1418 29 - - HYPH 20467 1418 30 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1418 31 ; ; : 20467 1418 32 flavor flavor NN 20467 1418 33 of of IN 20467 1418 34 bark bark NN 20467 1418 35 less less RBR 20467 1418 36 distinctly distinctly RB 20467 1418 37 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 1418 38 . . . 20467 1419 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1419 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1419 3 : : : 20467 1419 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1419 5 XXXI.--Betula XXXI.--Betula NNP 20467 1419 6 lutea lutea NN 20467 1419 7 . . . 20467 1419 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1420 1 1 1 LS 20467 1420 2 . . . 20467 1421 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1421 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1421 3 . . . 20467 1422 1 2 2 LS 20467 1422 2 . . . 20467 1423 1 Flower flower NN 20467 1423 2 - - HYPH 20467 1423 3 buds bud NNS 20467 1423 4 . . . 20467 1424 1 3 3 LS 20467 1424 2 . . . 20467 1425 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1425 2 branch branch NN 20467 1425 3 . . . 20467 1426 1 4 4 CD 20467 1426 2 - - SYM 20467 1426 3 6 6 CD 20467 1426 4 . . . 20467 1427 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1427 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1427 3 . . . 20467 1428 1 7 7 LS 20467 1428 2 . . . 20467 1429 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1429 2 flower flower NN 20467 1429 3 . . . 20467 1430 1 8 8 LS 20467 1430 2 . . . 20467 1431 1 Bract Bract NNP 20467 1431 2 . . . 20467 1432 1 9 9 CD 20467 1432 2 . . . 20467 1433 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1433 2 branch branch NN 20467 1433 3 . . . 20467 1434 1 10 10 CD 20467 1434 2 . . . 20467 1435 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1435 2 . . . 20467 1436 1 = = NFP 20467 1436 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 1436 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 1436 4 , , , 20467 1436 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 1436 6 RED red JJ 20467 1436 7 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1436 8 . . . 20467 1437 1 RIVER river NN 20467 1437 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNP 20467 1437 3 . . . 20467 1438 1 = = NFP 20467 1438 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1438 3 and and CC 20467 1438 4 Range.=--Along range.=--along JJ 20467 1438 5 rivers river NNS 20467 1438 6 , , , 20467 1438 7 ponds pond NNS 20467 1438 8 , , , 20467 1438 9 and and CC 20467 1438 10 woodlands woodland NNS 20467 1438 11 inundated inundate VBD 20467 1438 12 a a DT 20467 1438 13 part part NN 20467 1438 14 of of IN 20467 1438 15 the the DT 20467 1438 16 year year NN 20467 1438 17 . . . 20467 1439 1 Doubtfully doubtfully RB 20467 1439 2 and and CC 20467 1439 3 indefinitely indefinitely RB 20467 1439 4 reported report VBD 20467 1439 5 from from IN 20467 1439 6 Canada Canada NNP 20467 1439 7 . . . 20467 1440 1 No no DT 20467 1440 2 stations station NNS 20467 1440 3 in in IN 20467 1440 4 Maine Maine NNP 20467 1440 5 , , , 20467 1440 6 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 1440 7 , , , 20467 1440 8 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1440 9 Island Island NNP 20467 1440 10 , , , 20467 1440 11 or or CC 20467 1440 12 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1440 13 ; ; : 20467 1440 14 New New NNP 20467 1440 15 Hampshire,--found Hampshire,--found NNP 20467 1440 16 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 1440 17 along along IN 20467 1440 18 streams stream NNS 20467 1440 19 in in IN 20467 1440 20 the the DT 20467 1440 21 southern southern JJ 20467 1440 22 part part NN 20467 1440 23 of of IN 20467 1440 24 the the DT 20467 1440 25 state state NN 20467 1440 26 ; ; : 20467 1440 27 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1440 28 along along IN 20467 1440 29 the the DT 20467 1440 30 banks bank NNS 20467 1440 31 of of IN 20467 1440 32 Beaver Beaver NNP 20467 1440 33 brook brook NN 20467 1440 34 , , , 20467 1440 35 Pelham Pelham NNP 20467 1440 36 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1440 37 F. F. NNP 20467 1440 38 W. W. NNP 20467 1440 39 Batchelder Batchelder NNP 20467 1440 40 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1440 41 ; ; : 20467 1440 42 Massachusetts,--along Massachusetts,--along NNP 20467 1440 43 the the DT 20467 1440 44 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 1440 45 river river NN 20467 1440 46 and and CC 20467 1440 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1440 48 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 1440 49 , , , 20467 1440 50 bordering border VBG 20467 1440 51 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1440 52 in in IN 20467 1440 53 Methuen Methuen NNP 20467 1440 54 and and CC 20467 1440 55 ponds pond NNS 20467 1440 56 in in IN 20467 1440 57 North North NNP 20467 1440 58 Andover Andover NNP 20467 1440 59 . . . 20467 1441 1 South South NNP 20467 1441 2 , , , 20467 1441 3 east east NN 20467 1441 4 of of IN 20467 1441 5 the the DT 20467 1441 6 Alleghany alleghany JJ 20467 1441 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1441 8 , , , 20467 1441 9 to to IN 20467 1441 10 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1441 11 ; ; : 20467 1441 12 west west NN 20467 1441 13 , , , 20467 1441 14 locally locally RB 20467 1441 15 through through IN 20467 1441 16 the the DT 20467 1441 17 northern northern JJ 20467 1441 18 tier tier NN 20467 1441 19 of of IN 20467 1441 20 states state NNS 20467 1441 21 to to IN 20467 1441 22 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1441 23 and and CC 20467 1441 24 along along IN 20467 1441 25 the the DT 20467 1441 26 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 1441 27 states state NNS 20467 1441 28 to to IN 20467 1441 29 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1441 30 ; ; : 20467 1441 31 western western JJ 20467 1441 32 limits limit NNS 20467 1441 33 , , , 20467 1441 34 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1441 35 , , , 20467 1441 36 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1441 37 , , , 20467 1441 38 Indian indian JJ 20467 1441 39 territory territory NN 20467 1441 40 , , , 20467 1441 41 and and CC 20467 1441 42 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 1441 43 . . . 20467 1442 1 = = NFP 20467 1442 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1442 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1442 4 - - HYPH 20467 1442 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1442 6 tree tree NN 20467 1442 7 , , , 20467 1442 8 30 30 CD 20467 1442 9 - - SYM 20467 1442 10 50 50 CD 20467 1442 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1442 12 high high JJ 20467 1442 13 , , , 20467 1442 14 with with IN 20467 1442 15 a a DT 20467 1442 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 1442 17 at at IN 20467 1442 18 the the DT 20467 1442 19 ground ground NN 20467 1442 20 of of IN 20467 1442 21 1 1 CD 20467 1442 22 - - HYPH 20467 1442 23 1 1 CD 20467 1442 24 - - HYPH 20467 1442 25 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1442 26 feet foot NNS 20467 1442 27 ; ; , 20467 1442 28 reaching reach VBG 20467 1442 29 much much RB 20467 1442 30 greater great JJR 20467 1442 31 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1442 32 southward southward RB 20467 1442 33 . . . 20467 1443 1 The the DT 20467 1443 2 trunk trunk NN 20467 1443 3 , , , 20467 1443 4 frequently frequently RB 20467 1443 5 beset beset VBP 20467 1443 6 with with IN 20467 1443 7 small small JJ 20467 1443 8 , , , 20467 1443 9 leafy leafy NNP 20467 1443 10 , , , 20467 1443 11 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 1443 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1443 13 , , , 20467 1443 14 and and CC 20467 1443 15 often often RB 20467 1443 16 only only RB 20467 1443 17 less less JJR 20467 1443 18 frayed frayed JJ 20467 1443 19 and and CC 20467 1443 20 tattered tattere VBD 20467 1443 21 than than IN 20467 1443 22 that that DT 20467 1443 23 of of IN 20467 1443 24 the the DT 20467 1443 25 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1443 26 birch birch NNP 20467 1443 27 , , , 20467 1443 28 develops develop VBZ 20467 1443 29 a a DT 20467 1443 30 light light JJ 20467 1443 31 and and CC 20467 1443 32 feathery feathery JJ 20467 1443 33 head head NN 20467 1443 34 of of IN 20467 1443 35 variable variable JJ 20467 1443 36 outline outline NN 20467 1443 37 , , , 20467 1443 38 with with IN 20467 1443 39 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1443 40 slender slender NN 20467 1443 41 branches branch NNS 20467 1443 42 , , , 20467 1443 43 the the DT 20467 1443 44 upper upper JJ 20467 1443 45 long long NN 20467 1443 46 and and CC 20467 1443 47 drooping drooping JJ 20467 1443 48 , , , 20467 1443 49 the the DT 20467 1443 50 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1443 51 spray spray NN 20467 1443 52 clothed clothe VBN 20467 1443 53 with with IN 20467 1443 54 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1443 55 dark dark JJ 20467 1443 56 - - HYPH 20467 1443 57 green green JJ 20467 1443 58 foliage foliage NN 20467 1443 59 . . . 20467 1444 1 = = NFP 20467 1444 2 Bark.=--Reddish bark.=--reddish JJ 20467 1444 3 , , , 20467 1444 4 more more RBR 20467 1444 5 or or CC 20467 1444 6 less less RBR 20467 1444 7 separable separable JJ 20467 1444 8 into into IN 20467 1444 9 layers layer NNS 20467 1444 10 , , , 20467 1444 11 fraying fray VBG 20467 1444 12 into into IN 20467 1444 13 shreddy shreddy NN 20467 1444 14 , , , 20467 1444 15 cinnamon cinnamon NN 20467 1444 16 - - HYPH 20467 1444 17 colored colored JJ 20467 1444 18 fringes fringe NNS 20467 1444 19 ; ; : 20467 1444 20 in in IN 20467 1444 21 old old JJ 20467 1444 22 trees tree NNS 20467 1444 23 thick thick JJ 20467 1444 24 , , , 20467 1444 25 dark dark JJ 20467 1444 26 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1444 27 - - HYPH 20467 1444 28 brown brown JJ 20467 1444 29 , , , 20467 1444 30 and and CC 20467 1444 31 deeply deeply RB 20467 1444 32 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1444 33 ; ; : 20467 1444 34 branches branch NNS 20467 1444 35 dark dark JJ 20467 1444 36 red red JJ 20467 1444 37 or or CC 20467 1444 38 cinnamon cinnamon NN 20467 1444 39 , , , 20467 1444 40 giving give VBG 20467 1444 41 rise rise NN 20467 1444 42 to to IN 20467 1444 43 the the DT 20467 1444 44 name name NN 20467 1444 45 of of IN 20467 1444 46 " " `` 20467 1444 47 red red JJ 20467 1444 48 birch birch NNP 20467 1444 49 " " '' 20467 1444 50 ; ; : 20467 1444 51 season season NN 20467 1444 52 's 's POS 20467 1444 53 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1444 54 downy downy JJ 20467 1444 55 , , , 20467 1444 56 pale pale JJ 20467 1444 57 - - HYPH 20467 1444 58 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1444 59 . . . 20467 1445 1 = = NFP 20467 1445 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1445 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1445 4 and and CC 20467 1445 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1445 6 small small JJ 20467 1445 7 , , , 20467 1445 8 mostly mostly RB 20467 1445 9 appressed appresse VBN 20467 1445 10 near near IN 20467 1445 11 the the DT 20467 1445 12 ends end NNS 20467 1445 13 of of IN 20467 1445 14 the the DT 20467 1445 15 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1445 16 , , , 20467 1445 17 tapering taper VBG 20467 1445 18 at at IN 20467 1445 19 both both DT 20467 1445 20 ends end NNS 20467 1445 21 . . . 20467 1446 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1446 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1446 3 , , , 20467 1446 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1446 5 , , , 20467 1446 6 3 3 CD 20467 1446 7 - - SYM 20467 1446 8 4 4 CD 20467 1446 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1446 10 long long JJ 20467 1446 11 , , , 20467 1446 12 two two CD 20467 1446 13 - - HYPH 20467 1446 14 thirds third NNS 20467 1446 15 as as IN 20467 1446 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1446 17 , , , 20467 1446 18 dark dark JJ 20467 1446 19 green green JJ 20467 1446 20 and and CC 20467 1446 21 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1446 22 above above RB 20467 1446 23 , , , 20467 1446 24 paler paler NN 20467 1446 25 and and CC 20467 1446 26 soft soft JJ 20467 1446 27 - - HYPH 20467 1446 28 downy downy NN 20467 1446 29 beneath beneath NN 20467 1446 30 , , , 20467 1446 31 turning turn VBG 20467 1446 32 bright bright JJ 20467 1446 33 yellow yellow NN 20467 1446 34 in in IN 20467 1446 35 autumn autumn NN 20467 1446 36 ; ; : 20467 1446 37 outline outline NN 20467 1446 38 rhombic rhombic JJ 20467 1446 39 - - HYPH 20467 1446 40 ovate ovate NN 20467 1446 41 , , , 20467 1446 42 with with IN 20467 1446 43 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1446 44 and and CC 20467 1446 45 sharp sharp JJ 20467 1446 46 double double JJ 20467 1446 47 serratures serrature NNS 20467 1446 48 ; ; : 20467 1446 49 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1446 50 short short JJ 20467 1446 51 and and CC 20467 1446 52 downy downy JJ 20467 1446 53 ; ; : 20467 1446 54 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1446 55 soon soon RB 20467 1446 56 falling fall VBG 20467 1446 57 . . . 20467 1447 1 = = NFP 20467 1447 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1447 3 to to IN 20467 1447 4 May. May NNP 20467 1448 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1448 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1448 3 usually usually RB 20467 1448 4 in in IN 20467 1448 5 threes three NNS 20467 1448 6 , , , 20467 1448 7 2 2 CD 20467 1448 8 - - SYM 20467 1448 9 4 4 CD 20467 1448 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1448 11 long long JJ 20467 1448 12 , , , 20467 1448 13 scales scale VBZ 20467 1448 14 2 2 CD 20467 1448 15 - - SYM 20467 1448 16 3-flowered 3-flowered CD 20467 1448 17 : : : 20467 1448 18 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1448 19 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1448 20 bright bright VBD 20467 1448 21 green green JJ 20467 1448 22 , , , 20467 1448 23 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1448 24 , , , 20467 1448 25 stalked stalk VBN 20467 1448 26 ; ; : 20467 1448 27 bracts bract NNS 20467 1448 28 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1448 29 , , , 20467 1448 30 the the DT 20467 1448 31 central central JJ 20467 1448 32 lobe lobe NN 20467 1448 33 much much RB 20467 1448 34 the the DT 20467 1448 35 longest long JJS 20467 1448 36 , , , 20467 1448 37 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 1448 38 , , , 20467 1448 39 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 1448 40 . . . 20467 1449 1 = = NFP 20467 1449 2 Fruit.=--June Fruit.=--June NNP 20467 1449 3 . . . 20467 1450 1 Earliest early JJS 20467 1450 2 of of IN 20467 1450 3 the the DT 20467 1450 4 birches birch NNS 20467 1450 5 to to TO 20467 1450 6 ripen ripen VB 20467 1450 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1450 8 seed seed NN 20467 1450 9 ; ; : 20467 1450 10 fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1450 11 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1450 12 1 1 CD 20467 1450 13 - - SYM 20467 1450 14 2 2 CD 20467 1450 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1450 16 long long JJ 20467 1450 17 , , , 20467 1450 18 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1450 19 , , , 20467 1450 20 erect erect NN 20467 1450 21 or or CC 20467 1450 22 spreading spread VBG 20467 1450 23 ; ; : 20467 1450 24 bracts bract NNS 20467 1450 25 with with IN 20467 1450 26 the the DT 20467 1450 27 3 3 CD 20467 1450 28 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1450 29 nearly nearly RB 20467 1450 30 equal equal JJ 20467 1450 31 in in IN 20467 1450 32 width width NN 20467 1450 33 , , , 20467 1450 34 spreading spread VBG 20467 1450 35 , , , 20467 1450 36 the the DT 20467 1450 37 central central JJ 20467 1450 38 lobe lobe NN 20467 1450 39 the the DT 20467 1450 40 longest long JJS 20467 1450 41 : : : 20467 1450 42 nut nut NNP 20467 1450 43 ovate ovate VBP 20467 1450 44 to to TO 20467 1450 45 obovate obovate VB 20467 1450 46 , , , 20467 1450 47 ciliate ciliate VB 20467 1450 48 . . . 20467 1451 1 = = NFP 20467 1451 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1451 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1451 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1451 5 New New NNP 20467 1451 6 England England NNP 20467 1451 7 ; ; : 20467 1451 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1451 9 in in IN 20467 1451 10 all all DT 20467 1451 11 soils soil NNS 20467 1451 12 , , , 20467 1451 13 but but CC 20467 1451 14 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1451 15 a a DT 20467 1451 16 station station NN 20467 1451 17 near near IN 20467 1451 18 running running NN 20467 1451 19 water water NN 20467 1451 20 ; ; : 20467 1451 21 young young JJ 20467 1451 22 trees tree NNS 20467 1451 23 grow grow VBP 20467 1451 24 vigorously vigorously RB 20467 1451 25 and and CC 20467 1451 26 become become VB 20467 1451 27 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1451 28 objects object NNS 20467 1451 29 in in IN 20467 1451 30 landscape landscape NN 20467 1451 31 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1451 32 ; ; , 20467 1451 33 especially especially RB 20467 1451 34 useful useful JJ 20467 1451 35 along along IN 20467 1451 36 river river NN 20467 1451 37 banks bank NNS 20467 1451 38 to to TO 20467 1451 39 bind bind VB 20467 1451 40 the the DT 20467 1451 41 soil soil NN 20467 1451 42 ; ; , 20467 1451 43 retains retain VBZ 20467 1451 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1451 45 lower low JJR 20467 1451 46 branches branch NNS 20467 1451 47 better well RBR 20467 1451 48 than than IN 20467 1451 49 the the DT 20467 1451 50 black black JJ 20467 1451 51 or or CC 20467 1451 52 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1451 53 birches birch NNS 20467 1451 54 . . . 20467 1452 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 1452 2 found find VBN 20467 1452 3 in in IN 20467 1452 4 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1452 5 , , , 20467 1452 6 and and CC 20467 1452 7 rather rather RB 20467 1452 8 hard hard JJ 20467 1452 9 to to TO 20467 1452 10 transplant transplant VB 20467 1452 11 ; ; , 20467 1452 12 collected collected JJ 20467 1452 13 plants plant NNS 20467 1452 14 do do VBP 20467 1452 15 fairly fairly RB 20467 1452 16 well well RB 20467 1452 17 . . . 20467 1453 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1453 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1453 3 : : : 20467 1453 4 PLATE plate NN 20467 1453 5 XXXII.--Betula xxxii.--betula NN 20467 1453 6 nigra nigra NN 20467 1453 7 . . . 20467 1453 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1454 1 1 1 LS 20467 1454 2 . . . 20467 1455 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 1455 2 - - HYPH 20467 1455 3 buds bud NNS 20467 1455 4 . . . 20467 1456 1 2 2 LS 20467 1456 2 . . . 20467 1457 1 Flower flower NN 20467 1457 2 - - HYPH 20467 1457 3 buds bud NNS 20467 1457 4 . . . 20467 1458 1 3 3 LS 20467 1458 2 . . . 20467 1459 1 Branch branch NN 20467 1459 2 with with IN 20467 1459 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1459 4 and and CC 20467 1459 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1459 6 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1459 7 . . . 20467 1460 1 4 4 LS 20467 1460 2 . . . 20467 1461 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1461 2 flower flower NN 20467 1461 3 . . . 20467 1462 1 5 5 CD 20467 1462 2 . . . 20467 1463 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1463 2 flower flower NN 20467 1463 3 . . . 20467 1464 1 6 6 CD 20467 1464 2 . . . 20467 1465 1 Scale scale NN 20467 1465 2 of of IN 20467 1465 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1465 4 flower flower NN 20467 1465 5 . . . 20467 1466 1 7 7 LS 20467 1466 2 . . . 20467 1467 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1467 2 . . . 20467 1468 1 8 8 LS 20467 1468 2 . . . 20467 1469 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1469 2 branch branch NN 20467 1469 3 . . . 20467 1470 1 = = NFP 20467 1470 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 1470 3 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 1470 4 , , , 20467 1470 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 1470 6 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1470 7 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1470 8 . . . 20467 1471 1 GRAY gray NN 20467 1471 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1471 3 . . . 20467 1472 1 OLDFIELD OLDFIELD NNP 20467 1472 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1472 3 . . . 20467 1473 1 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 1473 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNP 20467 1473 3 . . . 20467 1474 1 POVERTY poverty NN 20467 1474 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1474 3 . . . 20467 1475 1 SMALL SMALL NNP 20467 1475 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1475 3 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1475 4 . . . 20467 1476 1 = = NFP 20467 1476 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1476 3 and and CC 20467 1476 4 Range.=--Dry range.=--dry NN 20467 1476 5 , , , 20467 1476 6 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1476 7 soils soil NNS 20467 1476 8 , , , 20467 1476 9 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1476 10 in in IN 20467 1476 11 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1476 12 and and CC 20467 1476 13 frequent frequent NN 20467 1476 14 along along IN 20467 1476 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1476 16 borders border NNS 20467 1476 17 , , , 20467 1476 18 often often RB 20467 1476 19 springing spring VBG 20467 1476 20 up up RP 20467 1476 21 on on IN 20467 1476 22 burnt burn VBN 20467 1476 23 lands land NNS 20467 1476 24 . . . 20467 1477 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1477 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1477 3 to to IN 20467 1477 4 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1477 5 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1477 6 . . . 20467 1478 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 1478 2 ; ; : 20467 1478 3 New new JJ 20467 1478 4 Hampshire,--abundant hampshire,--abundant JJ 20467 1478 5 eastward eastward RB 20467 1478 6 , , , 20467 1478 7 as as IN 20467 1478 8 far far RB 20467 1478 9 north north RB 20467 1478 10 as as IN 20467 1478 11 Conway Conway NNP 20467 1478 12 , , , 20467 1478 13 and and CC 20467 1478 14 along along IN 20467 1478 15 the the DT 20467 1478 16 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1478 17 to to IN 20467 1478 18 Westmoreland Westmoreland NNP 20467 1478 19 ; ; : 20467 1478 20 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 1478 21 in in IN 20467 1478 22 the the DT 20467 1478 23 western western JJ 20467 1478 24 and and CC 20467 1478 25 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1478 26 in in IN 20467 1478 27 the the DT 20467 1478 28 southern southern JJ 20467 1478 29 sections section NNS 20467 1478 30 ; ; : 20467 1478 31 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1478 32 , , , 20467 1478 33 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1478 34 Island Island NNP 20467 1478 35 , , , 20467 1478 36 and and CC 20467 1478 37 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1478 38 . . . 20467 1479 1 South South NNP 20467 1479 2 , , , 20467 1479 3 mostly mostly RB 20467 1479 4 in in IN 20467 1479 5 the the DT 20467 1479 6 coast coast NN 20467 1479 7 region region NN 20467 1479 8 , , , 20467 1479 9 to to IN 20467 1479 10 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1479 11 ; ; : 20467 1479 12 west west NN 20467 1479 13 to to IN 20467 1479 14 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1479 15 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1479 16 . . . 20467 1480 1 = = NFP 20467 1480 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1480 3 small small JJ 20467 1480 4 tree tree NN 20467 1480 5 , , , 20467 1480 6 20 20 CD 20467 1480 7 - - SYM 20467 1480 8 35 35 CD 20467 1480 9 feet foot NNS 20467 1480 10 high high JJ 20467 1480 11 , , , 20467 1480 12 with with IN 20467 1480 13 a a DT 20467 1480 14 diameter diameter NN 20467 1480 15 at at IN 20467 1480 16 the the DT 20467 1480 17 ground ground NN 20467 1480 18 of of IN 20467 1480 19 4 4 CD 20467 1480 20 - - SYM 20467 1480 21 8 8 CD 20467 1480 22 inches inch NNS 20467 1480 23 , , , 20467 1480 24 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1480 25 much much JJ 20467 1480 26 exceeding exceed VBG 20467 1480 27 these these DT 20467 1480 28 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1480 29 ; ; : 20467 1480 30 under under IN 20467 1480 31 favorable favorable JJ 20467 1480 32 conditions condition NNS 20467 1480 33 , , , 20467 1480 34 of of IN 20467 1480 35 extreme extreme JJ 20467 1480 36 elegance elegance NN 20467 1480 37 . . . 20467 1481 1 The the DT 20467 1481 2 slender slender NN 20467 1481 3 , , , 20467 1481 4 seldom seldom RB 20467 1481 5 erect erect NN 20467 1481 6 trunk trunk NN 20467 1481 7 , , , 20467 1481 8 continuous continuous JJ 20467 1481 9 to to IN 20467 1481 10 the the DT 20467 1481 11 top top NN 20467 1481 12 of of IN 20467 1481 13 the the DT 20467 1481 14 tree tree NN 20467 1481 15 , , , 20467 1481 16 throws throw VBZ 20467 1481 17 out out RP 20467 1481 18 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1481 19 short short JJ 20467 1481 20 , , , 20467 1481 21 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1481 22 branches branch NNS 20467 1481 23 , , , 20467 1481 24 which which WDT 20467 1481 25 form form VBP 20467 1481 26 by by IN 20467 1481 27 repeated repeat VBN 20467 1481 28 subdivisions subdivision NNS 20467 1481 29 a a DT 20467 1481 30 profuse profuse NN 20467 1481 31 , , , 20467 1481 32 slender slender NN 20467 1481 33 spray spray NN 20467 1481 34 , , , 20467 1481 35 disposed dispose VBN 20467 1481 36 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1481 37 in in IN 20467 1481 38 tufts tuft NNS 20467 1481 39 or or CC 20467 1481 40 masses masse NNS 20467 1481 41 , , , 20467 1481 42 branches branch NNS 20467 1481 43 and and CC 20467 1481 44 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1481 45 often often RB 20467 1481 46 hanging hang VBG 20467 1481 47 vertically vertically RB 20467 1481 48 or or CC 20467 1481 49 drooping droop VBG 20467 1481 50 at at IN 20467 1481 51 the the DT 20467 1481 52 ends end NNS 20467 1481 53 . . . 20467 1482 1 Conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1482 2 in in IN 20467 1482 3 winter winter NN 20467 1482 4 by by IN 20467 1482 5 the the DT 20467 1482 6 airy airy JJ 20467 1482 7 lightness lightness NN 20467 1482 8 of of IN 20467 1482 9 the the DT 20467 1482 10 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1482 11 open open JJ 20467 1482 12 head head NN 20467 1482 13 and and CC 20467 1482 14 by by IN 20467 1482 15 the the DT 20467 1482 16 contrast contrast NN 20467 1482 17 of of IN 20467 1482 18 the the DT 20467 1482 19 white white JJ 20467 1482 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 1482 21 with with IN 20467 1482 22 the the DT 20467 1482 23 dark dark JJ 20467 1482 24 spray spray NN 20467 1482 25 ; ; : 20467 1482 26 in in IN 20467 1482 27 summer summer NN 20467 1482 28 , , , 20467 1482 29 when when WRB 20467 1482 30 the the DT 20467 1482 31 sun sun NN 20467 1482 32 shines shine VBZ 20467 1482 33 and and CC 20467 1482 34 the the DT 20467 1482 35 air air NN 20467 1482 36 stirs stir VBZ 20467 1482 37 , , , 20467 1482 38 by by IN 20467 1482 39 the the DT 20467 1482 40 delicacy delicacy NN 20467 1482 41 , , , 20467 1482 42 tremulous tremulous JJ 20467 1482 43 movement movement NN 20467 1482 44 , , , 20467 1482 45 and and CC 20467 1482 46 brilliancy brilliancy NN 20467 1482 47 of of IN 20467 1482 48 the the DT 20467 1482 49 foliage foliage NN 20467 1482 50 . . . 20467 1483 1 = = NFP 20467 1483 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1483 3 grayish grayish NN 20467 1483 4 - - HYPH 20467 1483 5 white white JJ 20467 1483 6 , , , 20467 1483 7 with with IN 20467 1483 8 triangular triangular JJ 20467 1483 9 , , , 20467 1483 10 dusty dusty JJ 20467 1483 11 patches patch NNS 20467 1483 12 below below IN 20467 1483 13 the the DT 20467 1483 14 insertion insertion NN 20467 1483 15 of of IN 20467 1483 16 the the DT 20467 1483 17 branches branch NNS 20467 1483 18 ; ; : 20467 1483 19 not not RB 20467 1483 20 easily easily RB 20467 1483 21 separable separable JJ 20467 1483 22 into into IN 20467 1483 23 layers layer NNS 20467 1483 24 ; ; : 20467 1483 25 branches branch NNS 20467 1483 26 dark dark JJ 20467 1483 27 brown brown NNP 20467 1483 28 or or CC 20467 1483 29 blackish blackish NN 20467 1483 30 ; ; : 20467 1483 31 season season NN 20467 1483 32 's 's POS 20467 1483 33 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1483 34 brown brown NNP 20467 1483 35 , , , 20467 1483 36 with with IN 20467 1483 37 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1483 38 small small JJ 20467 1483 39 round round JJ 20467 1483 40 dots dot NNS 20467 1483 41 becoming become VBG 20467 1483 42 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1483 43 lines line NNS 20467 1483 44 and and CC 20467 1483 45 increasing increase VBG 20467 1483 46 in in IN 20467 1483 47 length length NN 20467 1483 48 with with IN 20467 1483 49 the the DT 20467 1483 50 age age NN 20467 1483 51 of of IN 20467 1483 52 the the DT 20467 1483 53 tree tree NN 20467 1483 54 . . . 20467 1484 1 The the DT 20467 1484 2 white white NN 20467 1484 3 of of IN 20467 1484 4 the the DT 20467 1484 5 bark bark NN 20467 1484 6 does do VBZ 20467 1484 7 not not RB 20467 1484 8 readily readily RB 20467 1484 9 come come VB 20467 1484 10 off off RP 20467 1484 11 upon upon IN 20467 1484 12 clothing clothing NN 20467 1484 13 . . . 20467 1485 1 = = NFP 20467 1485 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1485 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1485 4 and and CC 20467 1485 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1485 6 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1485 7 diverging diverge VBG 20467 1485 8 from from IN 20467 1485 9 the the DT 20467 1485 10 twig twig NNP 20467 1485 11 ; ; , 20467 1485 12 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1485 13 conical conical JJ 20467 1485 14 or or CC 20467 1485 15 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1485 16 , , , 20467 1485 17 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1485 18 - - HYPH 20467 1485 19 brown brown JJ 20467 1485 20 . . . 20467 1486 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1486 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1486 3 , , , 20467 1486 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1486 5 , , , 20467 1486 6 single single JJ 20467 1486 7 or or CC 20467 1486 8 in in IN 20467 1486 9 pairs pair NNS 20467 1486 10 , , , 20467 1486 11 3 3 CD 20467 1486 12 - - SYM 20467 1486 13 4 4 CD 20467 1486 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1486 15 long long JJ 20467 1486 16 , , , 20467 1486 17 two two CD 20467 1486 18 - - HYPH 20467 1486 19 thirds third NNS 20467 1486 20 as as IN 20467 1486 21 wide wide JJ 20467 1486 22 , , , 20467 1486 23 bright bright JJ 20467 1486 24 green green NN 20467 1486 25 above above RB 20467 1486 26 , , , 20467 1486 27 paler paler NN 20467 1486 28 beneath beneath RB 20467 1486 29 , , , 20467 1486 30 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1486 31 and and CC 20467 1486 32 shining shine VBG 20467 1486 33 on on IN 20467 1486 34 both both DT 20467 1486 35 sides side NNS 20467 1486 36 , , , 20467 1486 37 turning turn VBG 20467 1486 38 to to IN 20467 1486 39 a a DT 20467 1486 40 pale pale JJ 20467 1486 41 shining shine VBG 20467 1486 42 yellow yellow NN 20467 1486 43 in in IN 20467 1486 44 autumn autumn NN 20467 1486 45 , , , 20467 1486 46 resinous resinous JJ 20467 1486 47 , , , 20467 1486 48 glandular glandular JJ 20467 1486 49 - - HYPH 20467 1486 50 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1486 51 when when WRB 20467 1486 52 young young JJ 20467 1486 53 ; ; : 20467 1486 54 outline outline NNP 20467 1486 55 triangular triangular NNP 20467 1486 56 , , , 20467 1486 57 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1486 58 and and CC 20467 1486 59 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1486 60 doubly doubly RB 20467 1486 61 serrate serrate VB 20467 1486 62 ; ; : 20467 1486 63 apex apex NNP 20467 1486 64 taper taper NN 20467 1486 65 - - HYPH 20467 1486 66 pointed point VBN 20467 1486 67 ; ; : 20467 1486 68 base base NN 20467 1486 69 truncate truncate NN 20467 1486 70 , , , 20467 1486 71 heart heart NN 20467 1486 72 - - HYPH 20467 1486 73 shaped shape VBN 20467 1486 74 , , , 20467 1486 75 or or CC 20467 1486 76 acute acute JJ 20467 1486 77 ; ; : 20467 1486 78 leafstalks leafstalks NNP 20467 1486 79 long long JJ 20467 1486 80 and and CC 20467 1486 81 slender slend JJR 20467 1486 82 ; ; : 20467 1486 83 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1486 84 dropping drop VBG 20467 1486 85 early early RB 20467 1486 86 . . . 20467 1487 1 = = NFP 20467 1487 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1487 3 . . . 20467 1488 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1488 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1488 3 usually usually RB 20467 1488 4 solitary solitary JJ 20467 1488 5 or or CC 20467 1488 6 in in IN 20467 1488 7 pairs pairs NNP 20467 1488 8 , , , 20467 1488 9 slender slender NN 20467 1488 10 - - HYPH 20467 1488 11 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1488 12 , , , 20467 1488 13 2 2 CD 20467 1488 14 - - SYM 20467 1488 15 3 3 CD 20467 1488 16 inches inch NNS 20467 1488 17 long long RB 20467 1488 18 : : : 20467 1488 19 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1488 20 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1488 21 erect erect NN 20467 1488 22 , , , 20467 1488 23 green green JJ 20467 1488 24 , , , 20467 1488 25 stalked stalk VBN 20467 1488 26 ; ; : 20467 1488 27 bracts bract NNS 20467 1488 28 minutely minutely RB 20467 1488 29 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1488 30 . . . 20467 1489 1 = = NFP 20467 1489 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 1489 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1489 4 erect erect NN 20467 1489 5 or or CC 20467 1489 6 spreading spread VBG 20467 1489 7 , , , 20467 1489 8 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1489 9 , , , 20467 1489 10 about about RB 20467 1489 11 1 1 CD 20467 1489 12 - - SYM 20467 1489 13 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 1489 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1489 15 long long JJ 20467 1489 16 and and CC 20467 1489 17 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1489 18 inch inch NN 20467 1489 19 in in IN 20467 1489 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 1489 21 , , , 20467 1489 22 stalked stalk VBN 20467 1489 23 ; ; : 20467 1489 24 scales scale NNS 20467 1489 25 3-parted 3-parted CD 20467 1489 26 above above IN 20467 1489 27 the the DT 20467 1489 28 center center NN 20467 1489 29 , , , 20467 1489 30 side side NN 20467 1489 31 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1489 32 larger large JJR 20467 1489 33 , , , 20467 1489 34 at at IN 20467 1489 35 right right JJ 20467 1489 36 angles angle NNS 20467 1489 37 or or CC 20467 1489 38 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 1489 39 : : : 20467 1489 40 nuts nut NNS 20467 1489 41 small small JJ 20467 1489 42 , , , 20467 1489 43 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1489 44 to to TO 20467 1489 45 obovate obovate VB 20467 1489 46 , , , 20467 1489 47 narrower narrow JJR 20467 1489 48 than than IN 20467 1489 49 the the DT 20467 1489 50 wings wing NNS 20467 1489 51 , , , 20467 1489 52 combined combine VBN 20467 1489 53 wings wing NNS 20467 1489 54 from from IN 20467 1489 55 broadly broadly RB 20467 1489 56 obcordate obcordate NN 20467 1489 57 to to IN 20467 1489 58 butterfly butterfly NN 20467 1489 59 - - HYPH 20467 1489 60 shape shape NN 20467 1489 61 , , , 20467 1489 62 wider wide JJR 20467 1489 63 than than IN 20467 1489 64 long long RB 20467 1489 65 . . . 20467 1490 1 = = NFP 20467 1490 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1490 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1490 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1490 5 New New NNP 20467 1490 6 England England NNP 20467 1490 7 , , , 20467 1490 8 growing grow VBG 20467 1490 9 in in IN 20467 1490 10 every every DT 20467 1490 11 kind kind NN 20467 1490 12 of of IN 20467 1490 13 soil soil NN 20467 1490 14 , , , 20467 1490 15 finest fine JJS 20467 1490 16 specimens specimen NNS 20467 1490 17 in in IN 20467 1490 18 deep deep JJ 20467 1490 19 , , , 20467 1490 20 rich rich JJ 20467 1490 21 loam loam NN 20467 1490 22 . . . 20467 1491 1 Were be VBD 20467 1491 2 this this DT 20467 1491 3 tree tree NN 20467 1491 4 not not RB 20467 1491 5 so so RB 20467 1491 6 common common JJ 20467 1491 7 , , , 20467 1491 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1491 9 graceful graceful JJ 20467 1491 10 habit habit NN 20467 1491 11 and and CC 20467 1491 12 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1491 13 bark bark NN 20467 1491 14 would would MD 20467 1491 15 be be VB 20467 1491 16 more more RBR 20467 1491 17 appreciated appreciate VBN 20467 1491 18 for for IN 20467 1491 19 landscape landscape NN 20467 1491 20 gardening gardening NN 20467 1491 21 ; ; : 20467 1491 22 only only RB 20467 1491 23 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1491 24 grown grow VBN 20467 1491 25 by by IN 20467 1491 26 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1491 27 , , , 20467 1491 28 best best RB 20467 1491 29 secured secure VBN 20467 1491 30 through through IN 20467 1491 31 collectors collector NNS 20467 1491 32 ; ; : 20467 1491 33 young young JJ 20467 1491 34 collected collect VBN 20467 1491 35 plants plant NNS 20467 1491 36 , , , 20467 1491 37 if if IN 20467 1491 38 properly properly RB 20467 1491 39 selected select VBN 20467 1491 40 , , , 20467 1491 41 will will MD 20467 1491 42 nearly nearly RB 20467 1491 43 all all RB 20467 1491 44 live live VB 20467 1491 45 . . . 20467 1492 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1492 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1492 3 : : : 20467 1492 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1492 5 XXXIII.--Betula XXXIII.--Betula NNP 20467 1492 6 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 1492 7 . . . 20467 1492 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1493 1 1 1 LS 20467 1493 2 . . . 20467 1494 1 Branch branch NN 20467 1494 2 with with IN 20467 1494 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1494 4 and and CC 20467 1494 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1494 6 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1494 7 . . . 20467 1495 1 2 2 LS 20467 1495 2 . . . 20467 1496 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1496 2 flower flower NN 20467 1496 3 , , , 20467 1496 4 back back JJ 20467 1496 5 view view NN 20467 1496 6 . . . 20467 1497 1 3 3 LS 20467 1497 2 . . . 20467 1498 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1498 2 flower flower NN 20467 1498 3 . . . 20467 1499 1 4 4 LS 20467 1499 2 . . . 20467 1500 1 Scale scale NN 20467 1500 2 of of IN 20467 1500 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1500 4 flower flower NN 20467 1500 5 . . . 20467 1501 1 5 5 CD 20467 1501 2 . . . 20467 1502 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1502 2 branch branch NN 20467 1502 3 . . . 20467 1503 1 6 6 CD 20467 1503 2 . . . 20467 1504 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1504 2 . . . 20467 1505 1 = = NFP 20467 1505 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 1505 3 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 1505 4 , , , 20467 1505 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 1505 6 CANOE CANOE NNP 20467 1505 7 BIRCH BIRCH NNP 20467 1505 8 . . . 20467 1506 1 WHITE white JJ 20467 1506 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1506 3 . . . 20467 1507 1 PAPER paper NN 20467 1507 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 20467 1507 3 . . . 20467 1508 1 = = NFP 20467 1508 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1508 3 and and CC 20467 1508 4 Range.=--Deep Range.=--Deep NNP 20467 1508 5 , , , 20467 1508 6 rich rich JJ 20467 1508 7 woods wood NNS 20467 1508 8 , , , 20467 1508 9 river river NN 20467 1508 10 banks bank NNS 20467 1508 11 , , , 20467 1508 12 mountain mountain NN 20467 1508 13 slopes slope NNS 20467 1508 14 . . . 20467 1509 1 Canada Canada NNP 20467 1509 2 , , , 20467 1509 3 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 20467 1509 4 to to IN 20467 1509 5 Pacific Pacific NNP 20467 1509 6 , , , 20467 1509 7 northward northward RB 20467 1509 8 to to IN 20467 1509 9 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 1509 10 and and CC 20467 1509 11 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 1509 12 , , , 20467 1509 13 to to IN 20467 1509 14 the the DT 20467 1509 15 limit limit NN 20467 1509 16 of of IN 20467 1509 17 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 1509 18 trees tree NNS 20467 1509 19 . . . 20467 1510 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 1510 2 ; ; : 20467 1510 3 New new JJ 20467 1510 4 Hampshire,--in Hampshire,--in NNS 20467 1510 5 all all DT 20467 1510 6 sections section NNS 20467 1510 7 , , , 20467 1510 8 most most RBS 20467 1510 9 common common JJ 20467 1510 10 on on IN 20467 1510 11 highlands highland NNS 20467 1510 12 up up IN 20467 1510 13 to to IN 20467 1510 14 the the DT 20467 1510 15 alpine alpine NN 20467 1510 16 area area NN 20467 1510 17 of of IN 20467 1510 18 the the DT 20467 1510 19 White white JJ 20467 1510 20 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1510 21 , , , 20467 1510 22 above above IN 20467 1510 23 the the DT 20467 1510 24 range range NN 20467 1510 25 of of IN 20467 1510 26 the the DT 20467 1510 27 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1510 28 birch birch NN 20467 1510 29 ; ; : 20467 1510 30 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 1510 31 ; ; : 20467 1510 32 Massachusetts,--common Massachusetts,--common NNP 20467 1510 33 in in IN 20467 1510 34 the the DT 20467 1510 35 western western JJ 20467 1510 36 and and CC 20467 1510 37 central central JJ 20467 1510 38 sections section NNS 20467 1510 39 , , , 20467 1510 40 rare rare JJ 20467 1510 41 towards towards IN 20467 1510 42 the the DT 20467 1510 43 coast coast NN 20467 1510 44 ; ; : 20467 1510 45 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1510 46 Island,--not Island,--not NNP 20467 1510 47 reported report VBD 20467 1510 48 ; ; : 20467 1510 49 Connecticut,--occasional connecticut,--occasional JJ 20467 1510 50 in in IN 20467 1510 51 the the DT 20467 1510 52 southern southern JJ 20467 1510 53 sections section NNS 20467 1510 54 , , , 20467 1510 55 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1510 56 northward northward NN 20467 1510 57 . . . 20467 1511 1 South south RB 20467 1511 2 to to IN 20467 1511 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 1511 4 and and CC 20467 1511 5 Illinois Illinois NNP 20467 1511 6 ; ; : 20467 1511 7 west west NN 20467 1511 8 to to IN 20467 1511 9 the the DT 20467 1511 10 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 1511 11 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1511 12 and and CC 20467 1511 13 Washington Washington NNP 20467 1511 14 on on IN 20467 1511 15 the the DT 20467 1511 16 Pacific Pacific NNP 20467 1511 17 coast coast NN 20467 1511 18 . . . 20467 1512 1 Var Var NNP 20467 1512 2 . . . 20467 1513 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1513 2 minor minor JJ 20467 1513 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1513 4 , , , 20467 1513 5 Tuckerman Tuckerman NNP 20467 1513 6 , , , 20467 1513 7 is be VBZ 20467 1513 8 a a DT 20467 1513 9 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 1513 10 form form NN 20467 1513 11 found find VBN 20467 1513 12 upon upon IN 20467 1513 13 the the DT 20467 1513 14 higher high JJR 20467 1513 15 mountain mountain NN 20467 1513 16 summits summit NNS 20467 1513 17 of of IN 20467 1513 18 northern northern JJ 20467 1513 19 New New NNP 20467 1513 20 England England NNP 20467 1513 21 . . . 20467 1514 1 = = NFP 20467 1514 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1514 3 large large JJ 20467 1514 4 tree tree NN 20467 1514 5 , , , 20467 1514 6 50 50 CD 20467 1514 7 - - SYM 20467 1514 8 75 75 CD 20467 1514 9 feet foot NNS 20467 1514 10 high high JJ 20467 1514 11 , , , 20467 1514 12 with with IN 20467 1514 13 a a DT 20467 1514 14 diameter diameter NN 20467 1514 15 of of IN 20467 1514 16 1 1 CD 20467 1514 17 - - SYM 20467 1514 18 3 3 CD 20467 1514 19 feet foot NNS 20467 1514 20 ; ; : 20467 1514 21 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1514 22 of of IN 20467 1514 23 greater great JJR 20467 1514 24 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1514 25 . . . 20467 1515 1 The the DT 20467 1515 2 trunk trunk NN 20467 1515 3 develops develop VBZ 20467 1515 4 a a DT 20467 1515 5 broad broad RB 20467 1515 6 - - HYPH 20467 1515 7 spreading spread VBG 20467 1515 8 , , , 20467 1515 9 open open JJ 20467 1515 10 head head NN 20467 1515 11 , , , 20467 1515 12 composed compose VBN 20467 1515 13 of of IN 20467 1515 14 a a DT 20467 1515 15 few few JJ 20467 1515 16 large large JJ 20467 1515 17 limbs limb NNS 20467 1515 18 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1515 19 at at IN 20467 1515 20 an an DT 20467 1515 21 acute acute JJ 20467 1515 22 angle angle NN 20467 1515 23 , , , 20467 1515 24 with with IN 20467 1515 25 nearly nearly RB 20467 1515 26 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1515 27 secondary secondary JJ 20467 1515 28 branches branch NNS 20467 1515 29 and and CC 20467 1515 30 a a DT 20467 1515 31 slender slender NN 20467 1515 32 , , , 20467 1515 33 flexible flexible JJ 20467 1515 34 spray spray NN 20467 1515 35 without without IN 20467 1515 36 any any DT 20467 1515 37 marked marked JJ 20467 1515 38 tendency tendency NN 20467 1515 39 to to TO 20467 1515 40 droop droop VB 20467 1515 41 . . . 20467 1516 1 Characterized characterize VBN 20467 1516 2 by by IN 20467 1516 3 the the DT 20467 1516 4 dark dark JJ 20467 1516 5 metallic metallic JJ 20467 1516 6 lustre lustre NNP 20467 1516 7 of of IN 20467 1516 8 the the DT 20467 1516 9 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1516 10 , , , 20467 1516 11 the the DT 20467 1516 12 dark dark JJ 20467 1516 13 green green JJ 20467 1516 14 foliage foliage NN 20467 1516 15 , , , 20467 1516 16 deep deep JJ 20467 1516 17 yellow yellow NN 20467 1516 18 in in IN 20467 1516 19 autumn autumn NN 20467 1516 20 , , , 20467 1516 21 and and CC 20467 1516 22 the the DT 20467 1516 23 chalky chalky NN 20467 1516 24 whiteness whiteness NN 20467 1516 25 of of IN 20467 1516 26 the the DT 20467 1516 27 trunk trunk NN 20467 1516 28 and and CC 20467 1516 29 large large JJ 20467 1516 30 branches branch NNS 20467 1516 31 ; ; : 20467 1516 32 a a DT 20467 1516 33 singularly singularly RB 20467 1516 34 picturesque picturesque NN 20467 1516 35 tree tree NN 20467 1516 36 , , , 20467 1516 37 whether whether IN 20467 1516 38 standing stand VBG 20467 1516 39 alone alone RB 20467 1516 40 or or CC 20467 1516 41 grouped group VBN 20467 1516 42 in in IN 20467 1516 43 forests forest NNS 20467 1516 44 . . . 20467 1517 1 = = NFP 20467 1517 2 Bark.=--Easily Bark.=--Easily NNP 20467 1517 3 detachable detachable JJ 20467 1517 4 in in IN 20467 1517 5 broad broad JJ 20467 1517 6 sheets sheet NNS 20467 1517 7 and and CC 20467 1517 8 separable separable NN 20467 1517 9 into into IN 20467 1517 10 thin thin JJ 20467 1517 11 , , , 20467 1517 12 delicately delicately RB 20467 1517 13 colored colored JJ 20467 1517 14 , , , 20467 1517 15 paper paper NN 20467 1517 16 - - HYPH 20467 1517 17 like like JJ 20467 1517 18 layers layer NNS 20467 1517 19 , , , 20467 1517 20 impenetrable impenetrable JJ 20467 1517 21 by by IN 20467 1517 22 water water NN 20467 1517 23 , , , 20467 1517 24 outlasting outlast VBG 20467 1517 25 the the DT 20467 1517 26 wood wood NN 20467 1517 27 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1517 28 covers cover VBZ 20467 1517 29 . . . 20467 1518 1 Bark bark NN 20467 1518 2 of of IN 20467 1518 3 trunk trunk NN 20467 1518 4 and and CC 20467 1518 5 large large JJ 20467 1518 6 branches branch NNS 20467 1518 7 chalky chalky NNS 20467 1518 8 - - HYPH 20467 1518 9 white white JJ 20467 1518 10 when when WRB 20467 1518 11 fully fully RB 20467 1518 12 exposed expose VBN 20467 1518 13 to to IN 20467 1518 14 the the DT 20467 1518 15 sun sun NN 20467 1518 16 , , , 20467 1518 17 lustreless lustreless NN 20467 1518 18 , , , 20467 1518 19 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1518 20 or or CC 20467 1518 21 ragged ragged JJ 20467 1518 22 - - HYPH 20467 1518 23 frayed frayed JJ 20467 1518 24 , , , 20467 1518 25 in in IN 20467 1518 26 very very RB 20467 1518 27 old old JJ 20467 1518 28 forest forest NN 20467 1518 29 trees tree NNS 20467 1518 30 encrusted encrust VBN 20467 1518 31 with with IN 20467 1518 32 huge huge JJ 20467 1518 33 lichens lichen NNS 20467 1518 34 , , , 20467 1518 35 and and CC 20467 1518 36 splitting splitting NN 20467 1518 37 into into IN 20467 1518 38 broad broad JJ 20467 1518 39 plates plate NNS 20467 1518 40 ; ; , 20467 1518 41 young young JJ 20467 1518 42 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1518 43 and and CC 20467 1518 44 smaller small JJR 20467 1518 45 branches branch NNS 20467 1518 46 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1518 47 , , , 20467 1518 48 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1518 49 or or CC 20467 1518 50 grayish grayish NN 20467 1518 51 brown brown NNP 20467 1518 52 , , , 20467 1518 53 with with IN 20467 1518 54 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1518 55 roundish roundish JJ 20467 1518 56 buff buff NN 20467 1518 57 dots dot NNS 20467 1518 58 which which WDT 20467 1518 59 enlarge enlarge VBP 20467 1518 60 from from IN 20467 1518 61 year year NN 20467 1518 62 to to IN 20467 1518 63 year year NN 20467 1518 64 into into IN 20467 1518 65 more more JJR 20467 1518 66 and and CC 20467 1518 67 more more RBR 20467 1518 68 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1518 69 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1518 70 lines line NNS 20467 1518 71 . . . 20467 1519 1 The the DT 20467 1519 2 white white NN 20467 1519 3 of of IN 20467 1519 4 the the DT 20467 1519 5 bark bark NN 20467 1519 6 readily readily RB 20467 1519 7 rubs rub VBZ 20467 1519 8 off off RP 20467 1519 9 upon upon IN 20467 1519 10 clothing clothing NN 20467 1519 11 . . . 20467 1520 1 = = NFP 20467 1520 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1520 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1520 4 and and CC 20467 1520 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1520 6 small small JJ 20467 1520 7 , , , 20467 1520 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1520 9 , , , 20467 1520 10 flattish flattish JJ 20467 1520 11 , , , 20467 1520 12 acute acute JJ 20467 1520 13 to to IN 20467 1520 14 rounded round VBD 20467 1520 15 . . . 20467 1521 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1521 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1521 3 , , , 20467 1521 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1521 5 , , , 20467 1521 6 3 3 CD 20467 1521 7 - - SYM 20467 1521 8 5 5 CD 20467 1521 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1521 10 long long JJ 20467 1521 11 , , , 20467 1521 12 two two CD 20467 1521 13 - - HYPH 20467 1521 14 thirds third NNS 20467 1521 15 as as IN 20467 1521 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1521 17 , , , 20467 1521 18 dark dark JJ 20467 1521 19 green green JJ 20467 1521 20 and and CC 20467 1521 21 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1521 22 above above RB 20467 1521 23 , , , 20467 1521 24 beneath beneath IN 20467 1521 25 pale pale JJ 20467 1521 26 , , , 20467 1521 27 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1521 28 along along IN 20467 1521 29 the the DT 20467 1521 30 veins vein NNS 20467 1521 31 , , , 20467 1521 32 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1521 33 in in IN 20467 1521 34 young young JJ 20467 1521 35 trees tree NNS 20467 1521 36 thickly thickly RB 20467 1521 37 glandular glandular NN 20467 1521 38 - - HYPH 20467 1521 39 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1521 40 on on IN 20467 1521 41 both both DT 20467 1521 42 sides side NNS 20467 1521 43 ; ; : 20467 1521 44 outline outline NN 20467 1521 45 ovate ovate NN 20467 1521 46 , , , 20467 1521 47 ovate ovate NN 20467 1521 48 - - HYPH 20467 1521 49 oblong oblong NN 20467 1521 50 , , , 20467 1521 51 or or CC 20467 1521 52 ovate ovate NN 20467 1521 53 - - HYPH 20467 1521 54 orbicular orbicular JJ 20467 1521 55 , , , 20467 1521 56 more more RBR 20467 1521 57 or or CC 20467 1521 58 less less RBR 20467 1521 59 doubly doubly RB 20467 1521 60 serrate serrate VB 20467 1521 61 ; ; : 20467 1521 62 apex apex NNP 20467 1521 63 acute acute JJ 20467 1521 64 to to TO 20467 1521 65 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 1521 66 ; ; : 20467 1521 67 base base VB 20467 1521 68 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1521 69 heart heart NN 20467 1521 70 - - HYPH 20467 1521 71 shaped shape VBN 20467 1521 72 , , , 20467 1521 73 truncate truncate JJ 20467 1521 74 or or CC 20467 1521 75 obtuse obtuse VB 20467 1521 76 ; ; : 20467 1521 77 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1521 78 1 1 CD 20467 1521 79 - - HYPH 20467 1521 80 2 2 CD 20467 1521 81 inches inch NNS 20467 1521 82 long long JJ 20467 1521 83 , , , 20467 1521 84 grooved groove VBN 20467 1521 85 above above IN 20467 1521 86 , , , 20467 1521 87 downy downy JJ 20467 1521 88 ; ; : 20467 1521 89 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1521 90 falling fall VBG 20467 1521 91 early early RB 20467 1521 92 . . . 20467 1522 1 = = NFP 20467 1522 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1522 3 to to IN 20467 1522 4 May. May NNP 20467 1523 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1523 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1523 3 mostly mostly RB 20467 1523 4 in in IN 20467 1523 5 threes three NNS 20467 1523 6 , , , 20467 1523 7 3 3 CD 20467 1523 8 - - SYM 20467 1523 9 4 4 CD 20467 1523 10 inches inch NNS 20467 1523 11 long long RB 20467 1523 12 : : : 20467 1523 13 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1523 14 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1523 15 1 1 CD 20467 1523 16 - - HYPH 20467 1523 17 1 1 CD 20467 1523 18 - - HYPH 20467 1523 19 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1523 20 inches inch NNS 20467 1523 21 long long JJ 20467 1523 22 , , , 20467 1523 23 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1523 24 , , , 20467 1523 25 slender slender NN 20467 1523 26 - - HYPH 20467 1523 27 peduncled peduncle VBN 20467 1523 28 , , , 20467 1523 29 erect erect NN 20467 1523 30 or or CC 20467 1523 31 spreading spread VBG 20467 1523 32 ; ; : 20467 1523 33 bracts bract NNS 20467 1523 34 puberulent puberulent JJ 20467 1523 35 . . . 20467 1524 1 = = NFP 20467 1524 2 Fruit.=--Fruiting fruit.=--fruite VBG 20467 1524 3 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1524 4 1 1 CD 20467 1524 5 - - SYM 20467 1524 6 2 2 CD 20467 1524 7 inches inch NNS 20467 1524 8 long long JJ 20467 1524 9 , , , 20467 1524 10 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1524 11 , , , 20467 1524 12 short short JJ 20467 1524 13 - - HYPH 20467 1524 14 stalked stalked JJ 20467 1524 15 , , , 20467 1524 16 spreading spread VBG 20467 1524 17 or or CC 20467 1524 18 drooping drooping NN 20467 1524 19 : : : 20467 1524 20 nut nut NNP 20467 1524 21 obovate obovate VB 20467 1524 22 to to IN 20467 1524 23 oval oval NN 20467 1524 24 , , , 20467 1524 25 narrower narrow JJR 20467 1524 26 than than IN 20467 1524 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1524 28 wings wing NNS 20467 1524 29 ; ; , 20467 1524 30 combined combine VBN 20467 1524 31 wings wing NNS 20467 1524 32 butterfly butterfly NN 20467 1524 33 - - HYPH 20467 1524 34 shaped shape VBN 20467 1524 35 , , , 20467 1524 36 nearly nearly RB 20467 1524 37 twice twice RB 20467 1524 38 as as RB 20467 1524 39 wide wide JJ 20467 1524 40 as as RB 20467 1524 41 long long RB 20467 1524 42 . . . 20467 1525 1 = = NFP 20467 1525 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1525 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1525 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1525 5 New New NNP 20467 1525 6 England England NNP 20467 1525 7 ; ; : 20467 1525 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1525 9 a a DT 20467 1525 10 well well RB 20467 1525 11 - - HYPH 20467 1525 12 drained drain VBN 20467 1525 13 loam loam NN 20467 1525 14 or or CC 20467 1525 15 gravelly gravelly NNP 20467 1525 16 soil soil NN 20467 1525 17 , , , 20467 1525 18 but but CC 20467 1525 19 does do VBZ 20467 1525 20 fairly fairly RB 20467 1525 21 well well RB 20467 1525 22 in in IN 20467 1525 23 almost almost RB 20467 1525 24 any any DT 20467 1525 25 situation situation NN 20467 1525 26 ; ; : 20467 1525 27 young young JJ 20467 1525 28 trees tree NNS 20467 1525 29 rapid rapid JJ 20467 1525 30 growing growing NN 20467 1525 31 and and CC 20467 1525 32 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 1525 33 , , , 20467 1525 34 but but CC 20467 1525 35 with with IN 20467 1525 36 the the DT 20467 1525 37 same same JJ 20467 1525 38 tendency tendency NN 20467 1525 39 to to TO 20467 1525 40 grow grow VB 20467 1525 41 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1525 42 that that WDT 20467 1525 43 is be VBZ 20467 1525 44 shown show VBN 20467 1525 45 by by IN 20467 1525 46 the the DT 20467 1525 47 black black JJ 20467 1525 48 and and CC 20467 1525 49 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1525 50 birches birch NNS 20467 1525 51 ; ; , 20467 1525 52 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 1525 53 without without IN 20467 1525 54 serious serious JJ 20467 1525 55 difficulty difficulty NN 20467 1525 56 ; ; : 20467 1525 57 not not RB 20467 1525 58 offered offer VBN 20467 1525 59 by by IN 20467 1525 60 many many JJ 20467 1525 61 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1525 62 , , , 20467 1525 63 but but CC 20467 1525 64 may may MD 20467 1525 65 be be VB 20467 1525 66 obtained obtain VBN 20467 1525 67 from from IN 20467 1525 68 northern northern JJ 20467 1525 69 collectors collector NNS 20467 1525 70 . . . 20467 1526 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1526 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1526 3 : : : 20467 1526 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1526 5 XXXIV.--Betula xxxiv.--betula NN 20467 1526 6 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 1526 7 . . . 20467 1526 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1527 1 1 1 LS 20467 1527 2 . . . 20467 1528 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 1528 2 - - HYPH 20467 1528 3 buds bud NNS 20467 1528 4 . . . 20467 1529 1 2 2 LS 20467 1529 2 . . . 20467 1530 1 Flower flower NN 20467 1530 2 - - HYPH 20467 1530 3 buds bud NNS 20467 1530 4 . . . 20467 1531 1 3 3 LS 20467 1531 2 . . . 20467 1532 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1532 2 branch branch NN 20467 1532 3 . . . 20467 1533 1 4 4 LS 20467 1533 2 . . . 20467 1534 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1534 2 flower flower NN 20467 1534 3 , , , 20467 1534 4 front front JJ 20467 1534 5 view view NN 20467 1534 6 . . . 20467 1535 1 5 5 CD 20467 1535 2 . . . 20467 1536 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1536 2 flower flower NN 20467 1536 3 , , , 20467 1536 4 front front JJ 20467 1536 5 view view NN 20467 1536 6 . . . 20467 1537 1 6 6 CD 20467 1537 2 . . . 20467 1538 1 Scale scale NN 20467 1538 2 of of IN 20467 1538 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1538 4 flower flower NN 20467 1538 5 . . . 20467 1539 1 7 7 LS 20467 1539 2 . . . 20467 1540 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1540 2 branch branch NN 20467 1540 3 . . . 20467 1541 1 8 8 LS 20467 1541 2 . . . 20467 1542 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1542 2 . . . 20467 1543 1 = = NFP 20467 1543 2 Alnus Alnus NNP 20467 1543 3 glutinosa glutinosa NN 20467 1543 4 , , , 20467 1543 5 Medic.= medic.= NN 20467 1543 6 EUROPEAN EUROPEAN NNP 20467 1543 7 ALDER ALDER NNP 20467 1543 8 . . . 20467 1544 1 This this DT 20467 1544 2 is be VBZ 20467 1544 3 the the DT 20467 1544 4 common common JJ 20467 1544 5 alder alder NN 20467 1544 6 of of IN 20467 1544 7 Great Great NNP 20467 1544 8 Britain Britain NNP 20467 1544 9 and and CC 20467 1544 10 central central JJ 20467 1544 11 Europe Europe NNP 20467 1544 12 southward southward RB 20467 1544 13 , , , 20467 1544 14 growing grow VBG 20467 1544 15 chiefly chiefly RB 20467 1544 16 along along IN 20467 1544 17 water water NN 20467 1544 18 courses course NNS 20467 1544 19 , , , 20467 1544 20 in in IN 20467 1544 21 boggy boggy NNP 20467 1544 22 grounds ground NNS 20467 1544 23 and and CC 20467 1544 24 upon upon IN 20467 1544 25 moist moist JJ 20467 1544 26 mountain mountain NN 20467 1544 27 slopes slope NNS 20467 1544 28 ; ; , 20467 1544 29 introduced introduce VBN 20467 1544 30 into into IN 20467 1544 31 the the DT 20467 1544 32 United United NNP 20467 1544 33 States States NNP 20467 1544 34 and and CC 20467 1544 35 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1544 36 escaping escape VBG 20467 1544 37 from from IN 20467 1544 38 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 1544 39 ; ; : 20467 1544 40 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1544 41 thoroughly thoroughly RB 20467 1544 42 established establish VBN 20467 1544 43 locally locally RB 20467 1544 44 . . . 20467 1545 1 In in IN 20467 1545 2 Medford Medford NNP 20467 1545 3 , , , 20467 1545 4 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 1545 5 , , , 20467 1545 6 there there EX 20467 1545 7 are be VBP 20467 1545 8 many many JJ 20467 1545 9 of of IN 20467 1545 10 these these DT 20467 1545 11 plants plant NNS 20467 1545 12 growing grow VBG 20467 1545 13 about about IN 20467 1545 14 two two CD 20467 1545 15 small small JJ 20467 1545 16 ponds pond NNS 20467 1545 17 and and CC 20467 1545 18 upon upon IN 20467 1545 19 the the DT 20467 1545 20 neighboring neighboring NN 20467 1545 21 lowlands lowland NNS 20467 1545 22 , , , 20467 1545 23 most most JJS 20467 1545 24 of of IN 20467 1545 25 them -PRON- PRP 20467 1545 26 small small JJ 20467 1545 27 , , , 20467 1545 28 but but CC 20467 1545 29 among among IN 20467 1545 30 them -PRON- PRP 20467 1545 31 are be VBP 20467 1545 32 several several JJ 20467 1545 33 trees tree NNS 20467 1545 34 30 30 CD 20467 1545 35 - - SYM 20467 1545 36 40 40 CD 20467 1545 37 feet foot NNS 20467 1545 38 in in IN 20467 1545 39 height height NN 20467 1545 40 and and CC 20467 1545 41 8 8 CD 20467 1545 42 - - SYM 20467 1545 43 12 12 CD 20467 1545 44 inches inch NNS 20467 1545 45 in in IN 20467 1545 46 diameter diameter NN 20467 1545 47 at at IN 20467 1545 48 the the DT 20467 1545 49 ground ground NN 20467 1545 50 , , , 20467 1545 51 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 1545 52 at at IN 20467 1545 53 a a DT 20467 1545 54 glance glance NN 20467 1545 55 from from IN 20467 1545 56 the the DT 20467 1545 57 shrubby shrubby NN 20467 1545 58 native native JJ 20467 1545 59 alders alder NNS 20467 1545 60 by by IN 20467 1545 61 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1545 62 greater great JJR 20467 1545 63 size size NN 20467 1545 64 , , , 20467 1545 65 more more JJR 20467 1545 66 erect erect NN 20467 1545 67 habit habit NN 20467 1545 68 , , , 20467 1545 69 and and CC 20467 1545 70 darker dark JJR 20467 1545 71 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1545 72 . . . 20467 1546 1 FAGACEÆ FAGACEÆ NNP 20467 1546 2 . . . 20467 1547 1 BEECH BEECH NNP 20467 1547 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 1547 3 . . . 20467 1548 1 = = NFP 20467 1548 2 Fagus fagus JJ 20467 1548 3 ferruginea ferruginea NN 20467 1548 4 , , , 20467 1548 5 Ait.= Ait.= NNP 20467 1548 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1548 7 Fagus Fagus NNP 20467 1548 8 Americana Americana NNP 20467 1548 9 , , , 20467 1548 10 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 1548 11 . . . 20467 1549 1 Fagus fagus JJ 20467 1549 2 atropunicea atropunicea NNP 20467 1549 3 , , , 20467 1549 4 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 1549 5 . . . 20467 1549 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1549 7 BEECH BEECH NNP 20467 1549 8 . . . 20467 1550 1 = = NFP 20467 1550 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1550 3 and and CC 20467 1550 4 Range.=--Moist range.=--moist JJ 20467 1550 5 , , , 20467 1550 6 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1550 7 soil soil NN 20467 1550 8 . . . 20467 1551 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1551 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1551 3 through through IN 20467 1551 4 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 1551 5 and and CC 20467 1551 6 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1551 7 . . . 20467 1552 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 1552 2 ; ; : 20467 1552 3 New New NNP 20467 1552 4 Hampshire,--throughout Hampshire,--throughout NNP 20467 1552 5 the the DT 20467 1552 6 state state NN 20467 1552 7 ; ; : 20467 1552 8 common common JJ 20467 1552 9 on on IN 20467 1552 10 the the DT 20467 1552 11 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1552 12 - - HYPH 20467 1552 13 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 1552 14 watershed watershed NN 20467 1552 15 , , , 20467 1552 16 enters enter VBZ 20467 1552 17 largely largely RB 20467 1552 18 into into IN 20467 1552 19 the the DT 20467 1552 20 composition composition NN 20467 1552 21 of of IN 20467 1552 22 the the DT 20467 1552 23 hardwood hardwood NN 20467 1552 24 forests forest NNS 20467 1552 25 of of IN 20467 1552 26 Coos Coos NNP 20467 1552 27 county county NN 20467 1552 28 ; ; : 20467 1552 29 Vermont,--abundant Vermont,--abundant NNP 20467 1552 30 ; ; : 20467 1552 31 Massachusetts,--in massachusetts,--in NN 20467 1552 32 western western JJ 20467 1552 33 sections section NNS 20467 1552 34 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1552 35 , , , 20467 1552 36 common common JJ 20467 1552 37 eastward eastward RB 20467 1552 38 ; ; : 20467 1552 39 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1552 40 Island Island NNP 20467 1552 41 and and CC 20467 1552 42 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1552 43 . . . 20467 1553 1 South south RB 20467 1553 2 to to IN 20467 1553 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1553 4 ; ; : 20467 1553 5 west west NN 20467 1553 6 to to IN 20467 1553 7 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 20467 1553 8 , , , 20467 1553 9 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 1553 10 , , , 20467 1553 11 and and CC 20467 1553 12 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1553 13 . . . 20467 1554 1 = = NFP 20467 1554 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1554 3 tree tree NN 20467 1554 4 of of IN 20467 1554 5 great great JJ 20467 1554 6 beauty beauty NN 20467 1554 7 , , , 20467 1554 8 rising rise VBG 20467 1554 9 to to IN 20467 1554 10 a a DT 20467 1554 11 height height NN 20467 1554 12 of of IN 20467 1554 13 50 50 CD 20467 1554 14 - - SYM 20467 1554 15 75 75 CD 20467 1554 16 feet foot NNS 20467 1554 17 , , , 20467 1554 18 with with IN 20467 1554 19 a a DT 20467 1554 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 1554 21 at at IN 20467 1554 22 the the DT 20467 1554 23 ground ground NN 20467 1554 24 of of IN 20467 1554 25 1 1 CD 20467 1554 26 - - HYPH 20467 1554 27 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1554 28 - - HYPH 20467 1554 29 4 4 CD 20467 1554 30 feet foot NNS 20467 1554 31 ; ; : 20467 1554 32 under under IN 20467 1554 33 favorable favorable JJ 20467 1554 34 conditions condition NNS 20467 1554 35 attaining attain VBG 20467 1554 36 much much RB 20467 1554 37 greater great JJR 20467 1554 38 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1554 39 ; ; : 20467 1554 40 trunk trunk NN 20467 1554 41 remarkably remarkably RB 20467 1554 42 smooth smooth VBP 20467 1554 43 , , , 20467 1554 44 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1554 45 fluted flute VBN 20467 1554 46 , , , 20467 1554 47 in in IN 20467 1554 48 the the DT 20467 1554 49 forests forest NNS 20467 1554 50 tall tall JJ 20467 1554 51 and and CC 20467 1554 52 straight straight JJ 20467 1554 53 , , , 20467 1554 54 in in IN 20467 1554 55 open open JJ 20467 1554 56 situations situation NNS 20467 1554 57 short short JJ 20467 1554 58 and and CC 20467 1554 59 stout stout JJ 20467 1554 60 ; ; : 20467 1554 61 head head VB 20467 1554 62 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 1554 63 , , , 20467 1554 64 of of IN 20467 1554 65 various various JJ 20467 1554 66 shapes,--rounded shapes,--rounded NNP 20467 1554 67 , , , 20467 1554 68 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1554 69 , , , 20467 1554 70 or or CC 20467 1554 71 even even RB 20467 1554 72 obovate obovate VB 20467 1554 73 ; ; : 20467 1554 74 branches branch NNS 20467 1554 75 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1554 76 , , , 20467 1554 77 mostly mostly RB 20467 1554 78 long long JJ 20467 1554 79 and and CC 20467 1554 80 slender slend JJR 20467 1554 81 , , , 20467 1554 82 curving curve VBG 20467 1554 83 slightly slightly RB 20467 1554 84 upward upward RB 20467 1554 85 at at IN 20467 1554 86 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1554 87 tips tip NNS 20467 1554 88 , , , 20467 1554 89 near near IN 20467 1554 90 the the DT 20467 1554 91 point point NN 20467 1554 92 of of IN 20467 1554 93 branching branch VBG 20467 1554 94 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1554 95 or or CC 20467 1554 96 slightly slightly RB 20467 1554 97 drooping droop VBG 20467 1554 98 , , , 20467 1554 99 beset beset VB 20467 1554 100 with with IN 20467 1554 101 short short JJ 20467 1554 102 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1554 103 which which WDT 20467 1554 104 form form VBP 20467 1554 105 a a DT 20467 1554 106 flat flat JJ 20467 1554 107 , , , 20467 1554 108 dense dense JJ 20467 1554 109 , , , 20467 1554 110 and and CC 20467 1554 111 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 1554 112 spray spray NN 20467 1554 113 ; ; : 20467 1554 114 roots root NNS 20467 1554 115 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1554 116 , , , 20467 1554 117 light light JJ 20467 1554 118 brown brown NNP 20467 1554 119 , , , 20467 1554 120 long long JJ 20467 1554 121 , , , 20467 1554 122 and and CC 20467 1554 123 running run VBG 20467 1554 124 near near IN 20467 1554 125 the the DT 20467 1554 126 surface surface NN 20467 1554 127 . . . 20467 1555 1 Tree tree NN 20467 1555 2 easily easily RB 20467 1555 3 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 1555 4 in in IN 20467 1555 5 winter winter NN 20467 1555 6 by by IN 20467 1555 7 the the DT 20467 1555 8 dried dry VBN 20467 1555 9 brownish brownish NN 20467 1555 10 - - HYPH 20467 1555 11 white white JJ 20467 1555 12 leaves leave NNS 20467 1555 13 , , , 20467 1555 14 spear spear NN 20467 1555 15 - - HYPH 20467 1555 16 like like JJ 20467 1555 17 buds bud NNS 20467 1555 18 , , , 20467 1555 19 and and CC 20467 1555 20 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1555 21 bark bark NN 20467 1555 22 . . . 20467 1556 1 = = NFP 20467 1556 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1556 3 light light JJ 20467 1556 4 blue blue JJ 20467 1556 5 gray gray JJ 20467 1556 6 , , , 20467 1556 7 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1556 8 , , , 20467 1556 9 unbroken unbroken JJ 20467 1556 10 , , , 20467 1556 11 slightly slightly RB 20467 1556 12 corrugated corrugate VBN 20467 1556 13 in in IN 20467 1556 14 old old JJ 20467 1556 15 trees tree NNS 20467 1556 16 , , , 20467 1556 17 often often RB 20467 1556 18 beautifully beautifully RB 20467 1556 19 mottled mottle VBN 20467 1556 20 in in IN 20467 1556 21 blotches blotch NNS 20467 1556 22 or or CC 20467 1556 23 bands band NNS 20467 1556 24 and and CC 20467 1556 25 invested invest VBN 20467 1556 26 by by IN 20467 1556 27 lichens lichen NNS 20467 1556 28 ; ; : 20467 1556 29 branches branch NNS 20467 1556 30 gray gray JJ 20467 1556 31 ; ; : 20467 1556 32 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1556 33 dark dark JJ 20467 1556 34 brown brown JJ 20467 1556 35 and and CC 20467 1556 36 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1556 37 ; ; : 20467 1556 38 spray spray NN 20467 1556 39 shining shine VBG 20467 1556 40 , , , 20467 1556 41 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1556 42 - - HYPH 20467 1556 43 brown brown NN 20467 1556 44 ; ; : 20467 1556 45 season season NN 20467 1556 46 's 's POS 20467 1556 47 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1556 48 a a DT 20467 1556 49 shining shine VBG 20467 1556 50 olive olive NN 20467 1556 51 green green JJ 20467 1556 52 , , , 20467 1556 53 orange orange JJ 20467 1556 54 - - HYPH 20467 1556 55 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1556 56 . . . 20467 1557 1 = = NFP 20467 1557 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1557 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1557 4 and and CC 20467 1557 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1557 6 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1557 7 , , , 20467 1557 8 long long JJ 20467 1557 9 , , , 20467 1557 10 very very RB 20467 1557 11 slender slender NN 20467 1557 12 , , , 20467 1557 13 tapering taper VBG 20467 1557 14 slowly slowly RB 20467 1557 15 to to IN 20467 1557 16 a a DT 20467 1557 17 sharp sharp JJ 20467 1557 18 point point NN 20467 1557 19 ; ; : 20467 1557 20 scales scale VBZ 20467 1557 21 rich rich NNP 20467 1557 22 brown brown NNP 20467 1557 23 , , , 20467 1557 24 lengthening lengthen VBG 20467 1557 25 as as IN 20467 1557 26 the the DT 20467 1557 27 bud bud NN 20467 1557 28 opens open VBZ 20467 1557 29 . . . 20467 1558 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1558 2 set set VBN 20467 1558 3 in in IN 20467 1558 4 plane plane NN 20467 1558 5 of of IN 20467 1558 6 the the DT 20467 1558 7 spray spray NN 20467 1558 8 , , , 20467 1558 9 simple simple JJ 20467 1558 10 , , , 20467 1558 11 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1558 12 , , , 20467 1558 13 3 3 CD 20467 1558 14 - - SYM 20467 1558 15 5 5 CD 20467 1558 16 inches inch NNS 20467 1558 17 long long JJ 20467 1558 18 , , , 20467 1558 19 one one CD 20467 1558 20 - - HYPH 20467 1558 21 half half NN 20467 1558 22 as as RB 20467 1558 23 wide wide JJ 20467 1558 24 , , , 20467 1558 25 silky silky NN 20467 1558 26 - - HYPH 20467 1558 27 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1558 28 with with IN 20467 1558 29 fringed fringed JJ 20467 1558 30 edges edge NNS 20467 1558 31 when when WRB 20467 1558 32 young young JJ 20467 1558 33 , , , 20467 1558 34 nearly nearly RB 20467 1558 35 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1558 36 when when WRB 20467 1558 37 fully fully RB 20467 1558 38 grown grow VBN 20467 1558 39 , , , 20467 1558 40 green green JJ 20467 1558 41 on on IN 20467 1558 42 both both DT 20467 1558 43 sides side NNS 20467 1558 44 , , , 20467 1558 45 turning turn VBG 20467 1558 46 to to IN 20467 1558 47 rusty rusty JJ 20467 1558 48 yellows yellow NNS 20467 1558 49 and and CC 20467 1558 50 browns brown NNS 20467 1558 51 in in IN 20467 1558 52 autumn autumn NN 20467 1558 53 , , , 20467 1558 54 persistent persistent JJ 20467 1558 55 till till IN 20467 1558 56 mid mid NN 20467 1558 57 - - NN 20467 1558 58 winter winter JJ 20467 1558 59 ; ; : 20467 1558 60 outline outline NN 20467 1558 61 oval oval NNP 20467 1558 62 , , , 20467 1558 63 serrate serrate NNP 20467 1558 64 ; ; : 20467 1558 65 apex apex NNP 20467 1558 66 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1558 67 ; ; : 20467 1558 68 base base NN 20467 1558 69 rounded round VBD 20467 1558 70 ; ; : 20467 1558 71 veins vein NNS 20467 1558 72 strong strong JJ 20467 1558 73 , , , 20467 1558 74 straight straight JJ 20467 1558 75 , , , 20467 1558 76 terminating terminate VBG 20467 1558 77 in in IN 20467 1558 78 the the DT 20467 1558 79 teeth tooth NNS 20467 1558 80 ; ; : 20467 1558 81 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1558 82 short short JJ 20467 1558 83 , , , 20467 1558 84 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1558 85 at at IN 20467 1558 86 first first RB 20467 1558 87 ; ; : 20467 1558 88 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1558 89 slender slender NN 20467 1558 90 , , , 20467 1558 91 silky silky NNS 20467 1558 92 , , , 20467 1558 93 soon soon RB 20467 1558 94 falling fall VBG 20467 1558 95 . . . 20467 1559 1 = = NFP 20467 1559 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1559 3 . . . 20467 1560 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1560 2 with with IN 20467 1560 3 the the DT 20467 1560 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1560 5 from from IN 20467 1560 6 the the DT 20467 1560 7 season season NN 20467 1560 8 's 's POS 20467 1560 9 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1560 10 , , , 20467 1560 11 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1560 12 flowers flower NNS 20467 1560 13 from from IN 20467 1560 14 the the DT 20467 1560 15 lower low JJR 20467 1560 16 axils axil NNS 20467 1560 17 , , , 20467 1560 18 in in IN 20467 1560 19 heads head NNS 20467 1560 20 suspended suspend VBN 20467 1560 21 at at IN 20467 1560 22 the the DT 20467 1560 23 end end NN 20467 1560 24 of of IN 20467 1560 25 silky silky JJ 20467 1560 26 threads thread NNS 20467 1560 27 1 1 CD 20467 1560 28 - - SYM 20467 1560 29 2 2 CD 20467 1560 30 inches inch NNS 20467 1560 31 long long JJ 20467 1560 32 ; ; : 20467 1560 33 calyx calyx NN 20467 1560 34 campanulate campanulate NN 20467 1560 35 , , , 20467 1560 36 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1560 37 , , , 20467 1560 38 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1560 39 - - HYPH 20467 1560 40 green green JJ 20467 1560 41 , , , 20467 1560 42 mostly mostly RB 20467 1560 43 6-lobed 6-lobed CD 20467 1560 44 ; ; : 20467 1560 45 petals petal NNS 20467 1560 46 none none NN 20467 1560 47 ; ; : 20467 1560 48 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1560 49 6 6 CD 20467 1560 50 - - SYM 20467 1560 51 16 16 CD 20467 1560 52 ; ; : 20467 1560 53 anthers anther NNS 20467 1560 54 exserted exserted JJ 20467 1560 55 ; ; : 20467 1560 56 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1560 57 wanting wanting NN 20467 1560 58 or or CC 20467 1560 59 abortive abortive JJ 20467 1560 60 : : : 20467 1560 61 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1560 62 flowers flower NNS 20467 1560 63 from from IN 20467 1560 64 the the DT 20467 1560 65 upper upper JJ 20467 1560 66 axils axil NNS 20467 1560 67 , , , 20467 1560 68 usually usually RB 20467 1560 69 single single JJ 20467 1560 70 or or CC 20467 1560 71 in in IN 20467 1560 72 pairs pair NNS 20467 1560 73 , , , 20467 1560 74 at at IN 20467 1560 75 the the DT 20467 1560 76 end end NN 20467 1560 77 of of IN 20467 1560 78 a a DT 20467 1560 79 short short JJ 20467 1560 80 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 1560 81 ; ; : 20467 1560 82 involucre involucre NNP 20467 1560 83 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1560 84 , , , 20467 1560 85 fringed fringe VBN 20467 1560 86 with with IN 20467 1560 87 prickly prickly JJ 20467 1560 88 scales scale NNS 20467 1560 89 ; ; : 20467 1560 90 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1560 91 with with IN 20467 1560 92 six six CD 20467 1560 93 awl awl NN 20467 1560 94 - - HYPH 20467 1560 95 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1560 96 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1560 97 ; ; : 20467 1560 98 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1560 99 3-celled 3-celled CD 20467 1560 100 ; ; : 20467 1560 101 styles style NNS 20467 1560 102 3 3 CD 20467 1560 103 . . . 20467 1561 1 = = NFP 20467 1561 2 Fruit.=--A fruit.=--a IN 20467 1561 3 prickly prickly JJ 20467 1561 4 bur bur NN 20467 1561 5 , , , 20467 1561 6 thick thick JJ 20467 1561 7 , , , 20467 1561 8 4-valved 4-valved CD 20467 1561 9 , , , 20467 1561 10 splitting split VBG 20467 1561 11 nearly nearly RB 20467 1561 12 to to IN 20467 1561 13 the the DT 20467 1561 14 base base NN 20467 1561 15 when when WRB 20467 1561 16 ripe ripe NN 20467 1561 17 : : : 20467 1561 18 nut nut NNP 20467 1561 19 sharply sharply RB 20467 1561 20 triangular triangular NNP 20467 1561 21 , , , 20467 1561 22 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1561 23 , , , 20467 1561 24 edible edible JJ 20467 1561 25 . . . 20467 1562 1 = = NFP 20467 1562 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1562 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1562 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1562 5 New New NNP 20467 1562 6 England England NNP 20467 1562 7 ; ; : 20467 1562 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1562 9 well well RB 20467 1562 10 in in IN 20467 1562 11 any any DT 20467 1562 12 good good JJ 20467 1562 13 soil soil NN 20467 1562 14 , , , 20467 1562 15 but but CC 20467 1562 16 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1562 17 deep deep JJ 20467 1562 18 , , , 20467 1562 19 rich rich JJ 20467 1562 20 , , , 20467 1562 21 well well RB 20467 1562 22 - - HYPH 20467 1562 23 drained drain VBN 20467 1562 24 loam loam NN 20467 1562 25 ; ; : 20467 1562 26 usually usually RB 20467 1562 27 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1562 28 in in IN 20467 1562 29 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1562 30 ; ; : 20467 1562 31 when when WRB 20467 1562 32 frequently frequently RB 20467 1562 33 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 1562 34 , , , 20467 1562 35 safely safely RB 20467 1562 36 moved move VBD 20467 1562 37 . . . 20467 1563 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1563 2 clean clean JJ 20467 1563 3 trunk trunk NN 20467 1563 4 and and CC 20467 1563 5 limbs limb NNS 20467 1563 6 , , , 20467 1563 7 deep deep JJ 20467 1563 8 shade shade NN 20467 1563 9 , , , 20467 1563 10 and and CC 20467 1563 11 freedom freedom NN 20467 1563 12 from from IN 20467 1563 13 insect insect JJ 20467 1563 14 pests pest NNS 20467 1563 15 make make VBP 20467 1563 16 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1563 17 one one CD 20467 1563 18 of of IN 20467 1563 19 the the DT 20467 1563 20 most most RBS 20467 1563 21 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1563 22 of of IN 20467 1563 23 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1563 24 large large JJ 20467 1563 25 trees tree NNS 20467 1563 26 for for IN 20467 1563 27 use use NN 20467 1563 28 , , , 20467 1563 29 summer summer NN 20467 1563 30 or or CC 20467 1563 31 winter winter NN 20467 1563 32 , , , 20467 1563 33 in in IN 20467 1563 34 landscape landscape NN 20467 1563 35 gardening gardening NN 20467 1563 36 ; ; , 20467 1563 37 few few JJ 20467 1563 38 plants plant NNS 20467 1563 39 , , , 20467 1563 40 however however RB 20467 1563 41 , , , 20467 1563 42 will will MD 20467 1563 43 grow grow VB 20467 1563 44 beneath beneath IN 20467 1563 45 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1563 46 ; ; : 20467 1563 47 the the DT 20467 1563 48 bark bark NN 20467 1563 49 is be VBZ 20467 1563 50 easily easily RB 20467 1563 51 disfigured disfigure VBN 20467 1563 52 ; ; : 20467 1563 53 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1563 54 has have VBZ 20467 1563 55 a a DT 20467 1563 56 bad bad JJ 20467 1563 57 habit habit NN 20467 1563 58 of of IN 20467 1563 59 throwing throw VBG 20467 1563 60 out out RP 20467 1563 61 suckers sucker NNS 20467 1563 62 and and CC 20467 1563 63 is be VBZ 20467 1563 64 liable liable JJ 20467 1563 65 to to TO 20467 1563 66 be be VB 20467 1563 67 killed kill VBN 20467 1563 68 by by IN 20467 1563 69 any any DT 20467 1563 70 injury injury NN 20467 1563 71 to to IN 20467 1563 72 the the DT 20467 1563 73 roots root NNS 20467 1563 74 . . . 20467 1564 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1564 2 from from IN 20467 1564 3 the the DT 20467 1564 4 seed seed NN 20467 1564 5 . . . 20467 1565 1 The the DT 20467 1565 2 purple purple JJ 20467 1565 3 beech beech NN 20467 1565 4 , , , 20467 1565 5 weeping weep VBG 20467 1565 6 beech beech NN 20467 1565 7 , , , 20467 1565 8 and and CC 20467 1565 9 fern fern JJ 20467 1565 10 - - HYPH 20467 1565 11 leaf leaf NN 20467 1565 12 beech beech NN 20467 1565 13 are be VBP 20467 1565 14 well well RB 20467 1565 15 - - HYPH 20467 1565 16 known know VBN 20467 1565 17 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1565 18 forms form NNS 20467 1565 19 . . . 20467 1566 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1566 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1566 3 : : : 20467 1566 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1566 5 XXXV.--Fagus xxxv.--fagus NN 20467 1566 6 ferruginea ferruginea NN 20467 1566 7 . . . 20467 1566 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1567 1 1 1 LS 20467 1567 2 . . . 20467 1568 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1568 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1568 3 . . . 20467 1569 1 2 2 LS 20467 1569 2 . . . 20467 1570 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1570 2 branch branch NN 20467 1570 3 . . . 20467 1571 1 3 3 LS 20467 1571 2 . . . 20467 1572 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1572 2 flower flower NN 20467 1572 3 . . . 20467 1573 1 4 4 LS 20467 1573 2 . . . 20467 1574 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1574 2 flower flower NN 20467 1574 3 . . . 20467 1575 1 5 5 CD 20467 1575 2 . . . 20467 1576 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1576 2 branch branch NN 20467 1576 3 . . . 20467 1577 1 6 6 CD 20467 1577 2 . . . 20467 1578 1 Section section NN 20467 1578 2 of of IN 20467 1578 3 fruit fruit NN 20467 1578 4 . . . 20467 1579 1 7 7 LS 20467 1579 2 . . . 20467 1580 1 Nut Nut NNP 20467 1580 2 . . . 20467 1581 1 = = NFP 20467 1581 2 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 1581 3 sativa sativa NN 20467 1581 4 , , , 20467 1581 5 var var NN 20467 1581 6 . . . 20467 1582 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 1582 2 , , , 20467 1582 3 Watson Watson NNP 20467 1582 4 and and CC 20467 1582 5 Coulter.= Coulter.= NNP 20467 1582 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1582 7 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 1582 8 dentata dentata NN 20467 1582 9 , , , 20467 1582 10 Borkh Borkh NNP 20467 1582 11 . . . 20467 1583 1 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 1583 2 vesca vesca NN 20467 1583 3 , , , 20467 1583 4 var var NN 20467 1583 5 . . . 20467 1584 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 1584 2 , , , 20467 1584 3 Michx Michx NNP 20467 1584 4 . . . 20467 1584 5 _ _ NNP 20467 1584 6 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNS 20467 1584 7 . . . 20467 1585 1 = = NFP 20467 1585 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1585 3 and and CC 20467 1585 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1585 5 strong strong JJ 20467 1585 6 , , , 20467 1585 7 well well RB 20467 1585 8 - - HYPH 20467 1585 9 drained drain VBN 20467 1585 10 soil soil NN 20467 1585 11 ; ; : 20467 1585 12 pastures pasture NNS 20467 1585 13 , , , 20467 1585 14 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1585 15 woods wood NNS 20467 1585 16 , , , 20467 1585 17 and and CC 20467 1585 18 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 1585 19 . . . 20467 1586 1 Ontario,--common ontario,--common UH 20467 1586 2 . . . 20467 1587 1 Maine,--southern maine,--southern NN 20467 1587 2 sections section NNS 20467 1587 3 , , , 20467 1587 4 probably probably RB 20467 1587 5 not not RB 20467 1587 6 indigenous indigenous JJ 20467 1587 7 north north NN 20467 1587 8 of of IN 20467 1587 9 latitude latitude NN 20467 1587 10 44 44 CD 20467 1587 11 ° ° , 20467 1587 12 20 20 CD 20467 1587 13 ' ' CD 20467 1587 14 ; ; : 20467 1587 15 New New NNP 20467 1587 16 Hampshire,--Connecticut Hampshire,--Connecticut NNP 20467 1587 17 valley valley NN 20467 1587 18 near near IN 20467 1587 19 the the DT 20467 1587 20 river river NN 20467 1587 21 , , , 20467 1587 22 as as IN 20467 1587 23 far far RB 20467 1587 24 north north RB 20467 1587 25 as as IN 20467 1587 26 Windsor Windsor NNP 20467 1587 27 , , , 20467 1587 28 Vt Vt NNP 20467 1587 29 . . NNP 20467 1587 30 ; ; : 20467 1587 31 most most RBS 20467 1587 32 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1587 33 in in IN 20467 1587 34 the the DT 20467 1587 35 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 1587 36 valley valley NN 20467 1587 37 south south RB 20467 1587 38 of of IN 20467 1587 39 Concord Concord NNP 20467 1587 40 , , , 20467 1587 41 but but CC 20467 1587 42 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1587 43 a a DT 20467 1587 44 short short JJ 20467 1587 45 distance distance NN 20467 1587 46 northward northward RB 20467 1587 47 ; ; : 20467 1587 48 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 1587 49 in in IN 20467 1587 50 the the DT 20467 1587 51 southern southern JJ 20467 1587 52 sections section NNS 20467 1587 53 , , , 20467 1587 54 especially especially RB 20467 1587 55 in in IN 20467 1587 56 the the DT 20467 1587 57 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1587 58 valley valley NN 20467 1587 59 ; ; , 20467 1587 60 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1587 61 as as IN 20467 1587 62 far far RB 20467 1587 63 north north RB 20467 1587 64 as as IN 20467 1587 65 Windsor Windsor NNP 20467 1587 66 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1587 67 Windsor Windsor NNP 20467 1587 68 county county NN 20467 1587 69 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1587 70 , , , 20467 1587 71 West West NNP 20467 1587 72 Rutland Rutland NNP 20467 1587 73 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1587 74 Rutland Rutland NNP 20467 1587 75 county county NN 20467 1587 76 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1587 77 , , , 20467 1587 78 Burlington Burlington NNP 20467 1587 79 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1587 80 Chittenden Chittenden NNP 20467 1587 81 county county NN 20467 1587 82 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1587 83 ; ; : 20467 1587 84 Massachusetts,--rather massachusetts,--rather PRP 20467 1587 85 common common JJ 20467 1587 86 throughout throughout IN 20467 1587 87 the the DT 20467 1587 88 state state NN 20467 1587 89 , , , 20467 1587 90 but but CC 20467 1587 91 less less RBR 20467 1587 92 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1587 93 near near IN 20467 1587 94 the the DT 20467 1587 95 sea sea NN 20467 1587 96 ; ; : 20467 1587 97 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1587 98 Island Island NNP 20467 1587 99 and and CC 20467 1587 100 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1587 101 . . . 20467 1588 1 South South NNP 20467 1588 2 to to IN 20467 1588 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1588 4 , , , 20467 1588 5 along along IN 20467 1588 6 the the DT 20467 1588 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1588 8 to to IN 20467 1588 9 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 1588 10 ; ; : 20467 1588 11 west west NN 20467 1588 12 to to IN 20467 1588 13 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 1588 14 , , , 20467 1588 15 Indiana Indiana NNP 20467 1588 16 , , , 20467 1588 17 and and CC 20467 1588 18 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 1588 19 . . . 20467 1589 1 = = NFP 20467 1589 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1589 3 tree tree NN 20467 1589 4 of of IN 20467 1589 5 the the DT 20467 1589 6 first first JJ 20467 1589 7 magnitude magnitude NN 20467 1589 8 , , , 20467 1589 9 rising rise VBG 20467 1589 10 to to IN 20467 1589 11 a a DT 20467 1589 12 height height NN 20467 1589 13 of of IN 20467 1589 14 60 60 CD 20467 1589 15 - - SYM 20467 1589 16 80 80 CD 20467 1589 17 feet foot NNS 20467 1589 18 and and CC 20467 1589 19 reaching reach VBG 20467 1589 20 a a DT 20467 1589 21 diameter diameter NN 20467 1589 22 of of IN 20467 1589 23 5 5 CD 20467 1589 24 - - SYM 20467 1589 25 6 6 CD 20467 1589 26 feet foot NNS 20467 1589 27 above above IN 20467 1589 28 the the DT 20467 1589 29 swell swell NN 20467 1589 30 of of IN 20467 1589 31 the the DT 20467 1589 32 roots root NNS 20467 1589 33 , , , 20467 1589 34 with with IN 20467 1589 35 a a DT 20467 1589 36 spread spread NN 20467 1589 37 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1589 38 equaling equal VBG 20467 1589 39 or or CC 20467 1589 40 even even RB 20467 1589 41 exceeding exceed VBG 20467 1589 42 the the DT 20467 1589 43 height height NN 20467 1589 44 ; ; : 20467 1589 45 attaining attain VBG 20467 1589 46 often often RB 20467 1589 47 much much RB 20467 1589 48 greater great JJR 20467 1589 49 proportions proportion NNS 20467 1589 50 . . . 20467 1590 1 The the DT 20467 1590 2 massive massive JJ 20467 1590 3 trunk trunk NN 20467 1590 4 separates separate VBZ 20467 1590 5 usually usually RB 20467 1590 6 a a DT 20467 1590 7 few few JJ 20467 1590 8 feet foot NNS 20467 1590 9 from from IN 20467 1590 10 the the DT 20467 1590 11 ground ground NN 20467 1590 12 into into IN 20467 1590 13 several several JJ 20467 1590 14 stout stout JJ 20467 1590 15 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1590 16 or or CC 20467 1590 17 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1590 18 branches branch NNS 20467 1590 19 , , , 20467 1590 20 the the DT 20467 1590 21 limbs limb NNS 20467 1590 22 higher higher RBR 20467 1590 23 up up IN 20467 1590 24 , , , 20467 1590 25 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1590 26 or or CC 20467 1590 27 rising rise VBG 20467 1590 28 at at IN 20467 1590 29 a a DT 20467 1590 30 broad broad JJ 20467 1590 31 angle angle NN 20467 1590 32 , , , 20467 1590 33 forming form VBG 20467 1590 34 a a DT 20467 1590 35 stately stately JJ 20467 1590 36 , , , 20467 1590 37 open open JJ 20467 1590 38 , , , 20467 1590 39 roundish roundish JJ 20467 1590 40 , , , 20467 1590 41 or or CC 20467 1590 42 inversely inversely RB 20467 1590 43 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 1590 44 head head NN 20467 1590 45 ; ; : 20467 1590 46 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1590 47 slender slender NN 20467 1590 48 ; ; : 20467 1590 49 spray spray VB 20467 1590 50 coarse coarse JJ 20467 1590 51 and and CC 20467 1590 52 not not RB 20467 1590 53 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1590 54 ; ; : 20467 1590 55 foliage foliage VB 20467 1590 56 bright bright JJ 20467 1590 57 green green JJ 20467 1590 58 , , , 20467 1590 59 dense dense JJ 20467 1590 60 , , , 20467 1590 61 casting cast VBG 20467 1590 62 a a DT 20467 1590 63 deep deep JJ 20467 1590 64 shade shade NN 20467 1590 65 ; ; : 20467 1590 66 flowers flower NNS 20467 1590 67 profuse profuse VBP 20467 1590 68 , , , 20467 1590 69 the the DT 20467 1590 70 long long JJ 20467 1590 71 , , , 20467 1590 72 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1590 73 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1590 74 upon upon IN 20467 1590 75 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1590 76 darker dark JJR 20467 1590 77 background background NN 20467 1590 78 of of IN 20467 1590 79 leaves leave NNS 20467 1590 80 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1590 81 upon upon IN 20467 1590 82 the the DT 20467 1590 83 hill hill NN 20467 1590 84 slopes slope NNS 20467 1590 85 at at IN 20467 1590 86 a a DT 20467 1590 87 great great JJ 20467 1590 88 distance distance NN 20467 1590 89 . . . 20467 1591 1 A a DT 20467 1591 2 tree tree NN 20467 1591 3 that that WDT 20467 1591 4 may may MD 20467 1591 5 well well RB 20467 1591 6 dispute dispute VB 20467 1591 7 precedence precedence NN 20467 1591 8 with with IN 20467 1591 9 the the DT 20467 1591 10 white white JJ 20467 1591 11 or or CC 20467 1591 12 red red NNP 20467 1591 13 oak oak NNP 20467 1591 14 . . . 20467 1592 1 = = NFP 20467 1592 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1592 3 of of IN 20467 1592 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1592 5 in in IN 20467 1592 6 old old JJ 20467 1592 7 trees tree NNS 20467 1592 8 deeply deeply RB 20467 1592 9 cleft cleave VBN 20467 1592 10 with with IN 20467 1592 11 wide wide JJ 20467 1592 12 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1592 13 , , , 20467 1592 14 hard hard JJ 20467 1592 15 , , , 20467 1592 16 rough rough JJ 20467 1592 17 , , , 20467 1592 18 dark dark JJ 20467 1592 19 gray gray NN 20467 1592 20 ; ; : 20467 1592 21 in in IN 20467 1592 22 young young JJ 20467 1592 23 trees tree NNS 20467 1592 24 very very RB 20467 1592 25 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1592 26 , , , 20467 1592 27 often often RB 20467 1592 28 shining shine VBG 20467 1592 29 ; ; : 20467 1592 30 season season NN 20467 1592 31 's 's POS 20467 1592 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1592 33 green green JJ 20467 1592 34 or or CC 20467 1592 35 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1592 36 - - HYPH 20467 1592 37 brown brown JJ 20467 1592 38 , , , 20467 1592 39 white white JJ 20467 1592 40 - - HYPH 20467 1592 41 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1592 42 . . . 20467 1593 1 = = NFP 20467 1593 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1593 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1593 4 and and CC 20467 1593 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1593 6 small small JJ 20467 1593 7 , , , 20467 1593 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1593 9 , , , 20467 1593 10 brown brown NNP 20467 1593 11 , , , 20467 1593 12 acutish acutish NNP 20467 1593 13 . . . 20467 1594 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1594 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1594 3 , , , 20467 1594 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1594 5 , , , 20467 1594 6 5 5 CD 20467 1594 7 - - SYM 20467 1594 8 10 10 CD 20467 1594 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1594 10 long long JJ 20467 1594 11 , , , 20467 1594 12 1 1 CD 20467 1594 13 - - SYM 20467 1594 14 3 3 CD 20467 1594 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1594 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1594 17 , , , 20467 1594 18 bright bright JJ 20467 1594 19 clear clear JJ 20467 1594 20 green green NN 20467 1594 21 above above RB 20467 1594 22 , , , 20467 1594 23 paler paler NN 20467 1594 24 beneath beneath RB 20467 1594 25 and and CC 20467 1594 26 smooth smooth VB 20467 1594 27 on on IN 20467 1594 28 both both DT 20467 1594 29 sides side NNS 20467 1594 30 ; ; : 20467 1594 31 outline outline VB 20467 1594 32 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1594 33 - - HYPH 20467 1594 34 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1594 35 , , , 20467 1594 36 sharply sharply RB 20467 1594 37 and and CC 20467 1594 38 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1594 39 serrate serrate VB 20467 1594 40 ; ; : 20467 1594 41 veins vein NNS 20467 1594 42 straight straight RB 20467 1594 43 , , , 20467 1594 44 terminating terminate VBG 20467 1594 45 in in IN 20467 1594 46 the the DT 20467 1594 47 teeth tooth NNS 20467 1594 48 ; ; : 20467 1594 49 apex apex NNP 20467 1594 50 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1594 51 ; ; : 20467 1594 52 base base NN 20467 1594 53 acute acute NN 20467 1594 54 or or CC 20467 1594 55 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 1594 56 ; ; : 20467 1594 57 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1594 58 short short JJ 20467 1594 59 ; ; : 20467 1594 60 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1594 61 soon soon RB 20467 1594 62 falling fall VBG 20467 1594 63 . . . 20467 1595 1 = = NFP 20467 1595 2 Inflorescence.=--June inflorescence.=--june NN 20467 1595 3 to to IN 20467 1595 4 July July NNP 20467 1595 5 . . . 20467 1596 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1596 2 from from IN 20467 1596 3 the the DT 20467 1596 4 axils axil NNS 20467 1596 5 of of IN 20467 1596 6 the the DT 20467 1596 7 season season NN 20467 1596 8 's 's POS 20467 1596 9 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1596 10 , , , 20467 1596 11 after after IN 20467 1596 12 the the DT 20467 1596 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 1596 14 have have VBP 20467 1596 15 grown grow VBN 20467 1596 16 to to IN 20467 1596 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1596 18 full full JJ 20467 1596 19 size size NN 20467 1596 20 ; ; : 20467 1596 21 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1596 22 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1596 23 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1596 24 , , , 20467 1596 25 clustered clustered JJ 20467 1596 26 or or CC 20467 1596 27 single single JJ 20467 1596 28 , , , 20467 1596 29 erect erect NN 20467 1596 30 or or CC 20467 1596 31 spreading spread VBG 20467 1596 32 , , , 20467 1596 33 4 4 CD 20467 1596 34 - - SYM 20467 1596 35 10 10 CD 20467 1596 36 inches inch NNS 20467 1596 37 long long JJ 20467 1596 38 , , , 20467 1596 39 slender slend JJR 20467 1596 40 , , , 20467 1596 41 flowers flower NNS 20467 1596 42 pale pale JJ 20467 1596 43 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1596 44 - - HYPH 20467 1596 45 green green JJ 20467 1596 46 or or CC 20467 1596 47 cream cream NN 20467 1596 48 - - HYPH 20467 1596 49 colored color VBN 20467 1596 50 ; ; : 20467 1596 51 calyx calyx NN 20467 1596 52 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1596 53 , , , 20467 1596 54 mostly mostly RB 20467 1596 55 6-parted 6-parted CD 20467 1596 56 ; ; : 20467 1596 57 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1596 58 15 15 CD 20467 1596 59 - - SYM 20467 1596 60 20 20 CD 20467 1596 61 ; ; : 20467 1596 62 odor odor NNP 20467 1596 63 offensive offensive JJ 20467 1596 64 when when WRB 20467 1596 65 the the DT 20467 1596 66 anthers anther NNS 20467 1596 67 are be VBP 20467 1596 68 discharging discharge VBG 20467 1596 69 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1596 70 pollen pollen NN 20467 1596 71 : : : 20467 1596 72 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1596 73 flowers flower NNS 20467 1596 74 near near IN 20467 1596 75 the the DT 20467 1596 76 base base NN 20467 1596 77 of of IN 20467 1596 78 the the DT 20467 1596 79 upper upper JJ 20467 1596 80 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1596 81 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1596 82 or or CC 20467 1596 83 in in IN 20467 1596 84 separate separate JJ 20467 1596 85 axils axil NNS 20467 1596 86 , , , 20467 1596 87 1 1 CD 20467 1596 88 - - SYM 20467 1596 89 3 3 CD 20467 1596 90 in in IN 20467 1596 91 a a DT 20467 1596 92 prickly prickly JJ 20467 1596 93 involucre involucre NN 20467 1596 94 ; ; : 20467 1596 95 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1596 96 6-toothed 6-toothed CD 20467 1596 97 ; ; : 20467 1596 98 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1596 99 ovate ovate NN 20467 1596 100 , , , 20467 1596 101 styles style NNS 20467 1596 102 as as RB 20467 1596 103 many many JJ 20467 1596 104 as as IN 20467 1596 105 the the DT 20467 1596 106 cells cell NNS 20467 1596 107 of of IN 20467 1596 108 the the DT 20467 1596 109 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1596 110 , , , 20467 1596 111 exserted exserted JJ 20467 1596 112 . . . 20467 1597 1 = = NFP 20467 1597 2 Fruit.=--Burs Fruit.=--Burs NNP 20467 1597 3 round round NN 20467 1597 4 , , , 20467 1597 5 thick thick JJ 20467 1597 6 , , , 20467 1597 7 prickly prickly JJ 20467 1597 8 , , , 20467 1597 9 2 2 CD 20467 1597 10 - - SYM 20467 1597 11 4 4 CD 20467 1597 12 inches inch NNS 20467 1597 13 in in IN 20467 1597 14 diameter diameter NN 20467 1597 15 , , , 20467 1597 16 opening opening NN 20467 1597 17 by by IN 20467 1597 18 4 4 CD 20467 1597 19 valves valve NNS 20467 1597 20 : : : 20467 1597 21 nuts nuts NNP 20467 1597 22 1 1 CD 20467 1597 23 - - SYM 20467 1597 24 5 5 CD 20467 1597 25 , , , 20467 1597 26 dark dark JJ 20467 1597 27 brown brown NNP 20467 1597 28 , , , 20467 1597 29 covered cover VBN 20467 1597 30 with with IN 20467 1597 31 whitish whitish NNP 20467 1597 32 down down RP 20467 1597 33 at at IN 20467 1597 34 apex apex NNP 20467 1597 35 , , , 20467 1597 36 flat flat JJ 20467 1597 37 on on IN 20467 1597 38 one one CD 20467 1597 39 side side NN 20467 1597 40 when when WRB 20467 1597 41 there there EX 20467 1597 42 are be VBP 20467 1597 43 several several JJ 20467 1597 44 in in IN 20467 1597 45 a a DT 20467 1597 46 cluster cluster NN 20467 1597 47 , , , 20467 1597 48 ovate ovate NN 20467 1597 49 when when WRB 20467 1597 50 only only RB 20467 1597 51 one one CD 20467 1597 52 , , , 20467 1597 53 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1597 54 and and CC 20467 1597 55 edible edible JJ 20467 1597 56 . . . 20467 1598 1 = = NFP 20467 1598 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1598 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1598 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1598 5 New New NNP 20467 1598 6 England England NNP 20467 1598 7 ; ; : 20467 1598 8 prefers prefer NNS 20467 1598 9 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1598 10 , , , 20467 1598 11 well well RB 20467 1598 12 - - HYPH 20467 1598 13 drained drain VBN 20467 1598 14 , , , 20467 1598 15 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1598 16 or or CC 20467 1598 17 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1598 18 soil soil NN 20467 1598 19 ; ; : 20467 1598 20 rather rather RB 20467 1598 21 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1598 22 to to TO 20467 1598 23 transplant transplant VB 20467 1598 24 ; ; : 20467 1598 25 usually usually RB 20467 1598 26 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1598 27 in in IN 20467 1598 28 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1598 29 . . . 20467 1599 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1599 2 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 1599 3 and and CC 20467 1599 4 rapid rapid JJ 20467 1599 5 growth growth NN 20467 1599 6 , , , 20467 1599 7 massive massive JJ 20467 1599 8 , , , 20467 1599 9 broad broad RB 20467 1599 10 - - HYPH 20467 1599 11 spreading spread VBG 20467 1599 12 head head NN 20467 1599 13 and and CC 20467 1599 14 attractive attractive JJ 20467 1599 15 flowers flower NNS 20467 1599 16 make make VBP 20467 1599 17 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1599 18 a a DT 20467 1599 19 valuable valuable JJ 20467 1599 20 tree tree NN 20467 1599 21 for for IN 20467 1599 22 landscape landscape NN 20467 1599 23 gardening gardening NN 20467 1599 24 , , , 20467 1599 25 but but CC 20467 1599 26 in in IN 20467 1599 27 public public JJ 20467 1599 28 places place NNS 20467 1599 29 the the DT 20467 1599 30 prickly prickly JJ 20467 1599 31 burs bur NNS 20467 1599 32 and and CC 20467 1599 33 edible edible JJ 20467 1599 34 fruit fruit NN 20467 1599 35 are be VBP 20467 1599 36 a a DT 20467 1599 37 serious serious JJ 20467 1599 38 disadvantage disadvantage NN 20467 1599 39 . . . 20467 1600 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1600 2 from from IN 20467 1600 3 the the DT 20467 1600 4 seed seed NN 20467 1600 5 . . . 20467 1601 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1601 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1601 3 : : : 20467 1601 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1601 5 XXXVI.--Castanea XXXVI.--Castanea NNP 20467 1601 6 sativa sativa NN 20467 1601 7 , , , 20467 1601 8 var var NN 20467 1601 9 . . . 20467 1602 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 1602 2 . . . 20467 1602 3 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1603 1 1 1 LS 20467 1603 2 . . . 20467 1604 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1604 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1604 3 . . . 20467 1605 1 2 2 LS 20467 1605 2 . . . 20467 1606 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1606 2 branch branch NN 20467 1606 3 . . . 20467 1607 1 3 3 LS 20467 1607 2 . . . 20467 1608 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1608 2 flower flower NN 20467 1608 3 . . . 20467 1609 1 4 4 LS 20467 1609 2 . . . 20467 1610 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1610 2 flower flower NN 20467 1610 3 . . . 20467 1611 1 5 5 CD 20467 1611 2 . . . 20467 1612 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1612 2 . . . 20467 1613 1 6 6 CD 20467 1613 2 . . . 20467 1614 1 Nut Nut NNP 20467 1614 2 . . . 20467 1615 1 = = NFP 20467 1615 2 QUERCUS.= QUERCUS.= `` 20467 1615 3 Inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 1615 4 appearing appear VBG 20467 1615 5 with with IN 20467 1615 6 the the DT 20467 1615 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 1615 8 in in IN 20467 1615 9 spring spring NN 20467 1615 10 ; ; : 20467 1615 11 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1615 12 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1615 13 from from IN 20467 1615 14 terminal terminal JJ 20467 1615 15 or or CC 20467 1615 16 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1615 17 buds bud NNS 20467 1615 18 on on IN 20467 1615 19 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1615 20 of of IN 20467 1615 21 the the DT 20467 1615 22 preceding precede VBG 20467 1615 23 year year NN 20467 1615 24 , , , 20467 1615 25 bracted bracte VBN 20467 1615 26 , , , 20467 1615 27 usually usually RB 20467 1615 28 several several JJ 20467 1615 29 in in IN 20467 1615 30 a a DT 20467 1615 31 cluster cluster NN 20467 1615 32 , , , 20467 1615 33 unbranched unbranched JJ 20467 1615 34 , , , 20467 1615 35 long long JJ 20467 1615 36 , , , 20467 1615 37 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1615 38 , , , 20467 1615 39 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 1615 40 ; ; : 20467 1615 41 bracts bract NNS 20467 1615 42 of of IN 20467 1615 43 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1615 44 flowers flower NNS 20467 1615 45 minute minute NN 20467 1615 46 , , , 20467 1615 47 soon soon RB 20467 1615 48 falling fall VBG 20467 1615 49 ; ; : 20467 1615 50 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1615 51 parted part VBD 20467 1615 52 or or CC 20467 1615 53 lobed lob VBD 20467 1615 54 ; ; : 20467 1615 55 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1615 56 3 3 CD 20467 1615 57 - - SYM 20467 1615 58 12 12 CD 20467 1615 59 , , , 20467 1615 60 undivided undivided JJ 20467 1615 61 : : : 20467 1615 62 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1615 63 flowers flower NNS 20467 1615 64 terminal terminal NN 20467 1615 65 or or CC 20467 1615 66 axillary axillary JJ 20467 1615 67 upon upon IN 20467 1615 68 the the DT 20467 1615 69 new new JJ 20467 1615 70 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1615 71 , , , 20467 1615 72 single single JJ 20467 1615 73 or or CC 20467 1615 74 few few JJ 20467 1615 75 - - HYPH 20467 1615 76 clustered clustered JJ 20467 1615 77 , , , 20467 1615 78 bracted bracted JJ 20467 1615 79 , , , 20467 1615 80 erect erect NN 20467 1615 81 ; ; : 20467 1615 82 involucre involucre NNP 20467 1615 83 scaly scaly NNP 20467 1615 84 , , , 20467 1615 85 becoming become VBG 20467 1615 86 the the DT 20467 1615 87 cupule cupule NN 20467 1615 88 or or CC 20467 1615 89 cup cup VB 20467 1615 90 around around IN 20467 1615 91 the the DT 20467 1615 92 lower low JJR 20467 1615 93 part part NN 20467 1615 94 of of IN 20467 1615 95 the the DT 20467 1615 96 acorn acorn NN 20467 1615 97 ; ; : 20467 1615 98 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1615 99 3-celled 3-celled CD 20467 1615 100 ; ; : 20467 1615 101 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1615 102 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1615 103 . . . 20467 1616 1 WHITE white JJ 20467 1616 2 OAKS OAKS NNP 20467 1616 3 . . . 20467 1617 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1617 2 with with IN 20467 1617 3 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1617 4 or or CC 20467 1617 5 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1617 6 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1617 7 or or CC 20467 1617 8 teeth tooth NNS 20467 1617 9 ; ; : 20467 1617 10 cup cup NN 20467 1617 11 - - HYPH 20467 1617 12 scales scale NNS 20467 1617 13 thickened thicken VBD 20467 1617 14 or or CC 20467 1617 15 knobbed knob VBN 20467 1617 16 at at IN 20467 1617 17 base base NN 20467 1617 18 ; ; : 20467 1617 19 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1617 20 sessile sessile NNP 20467 1617 21 or or CC 20467 1617 22 nearly nearly RB 20467 1617 23 so so RB 20467 1617 24 ; ; : 20467 1617 25 fruit fruit NN 20467 1617 26 maturing mature VBG 20467 1617 27 the the DT 20467 1617 28 first first JJ 20467 1617 29 year year NN 20467 1617 30 . . . 20467 1618 1 BLACK black NN 20467 1618 2 OAKS OAKS NNP 20467 1618 3 . . . 20467 1619 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1619 2 with with IN 20467 1619 3 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1619 4 or or CC 20467 1619 5 bristle bristle NN 20467 1619 6 - - HYPH 20467 1619 7 tipped tip VBN 20467 1619 8 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1619 9 and and CC 20467 1619 10 teeth tooth NNS 20467 1619 11 ; ; : 20467 1619 12 cup cup NN 20467 1619 13 - - HYPH 20467 1619 14 scales scale NNS 20467 1619 15 flat flat JJ 20467 1619 16 ; ; : 20467 1619 17 stigmas stigmas ADD 20467 1619 18 on on IN 20467 1619 19 spreading spread VBG 20467 1619 20 styles style NNS 20467 1619 21 ; ; : 20467 1619 22 fruit fruit NN 20467 1619 23 maturing mature VBG 20467 1619 24 the the DT 20467 1619 25 second second JJ 20467 1619 26 year year NN 20467 1619 27 . . . 20467 1620 1 = = NFP 20467 1620 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1620 3 alba alba VBZ 20467 1620 4 , , , 20467 1620 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 1620 6 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1620 7 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1620 8 . . . 20467 1621 1 = = NFP 20467 1621 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1621 3 and and CC 20467 1621 4 Range.=--Light range.=--light JJ 20467 1621 5 loams loams NNP 20467 1621 6 , , , 20467 1621 7 sandy sandy NNP 20467 1621 8 plains plain VBZ 20467 1621 9 , , , 20467 1621 10 and and CC 20467 1621 11 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1621 12 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1621 13 , , , 20467 1621 14 often often RB 20467 1621 15 constituting constitute VBG 20467 1621 16 extensive extensive JJ 20467 1621 17 tracts tract NNS 20467 1621 18 of of IN 20467 1621 19 forest forest NN 20467 1621 20 . . . 20467 1622 1 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 1622 2 and and CC 20467 1622 3 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1622 4 . . . 20467 1623 1 Maine,--southern maine,--southern NN 20467 1623 2 sections section NNS 20467 1623 3 ; ; : 20467 1623 4 New New NNP 20467 1623 5 Hampshire,--most Hampshire,--most VBZ 20467 1623 6 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1623 7 eastward eastward NN 20467 1623 8 ; ; , 20467 1623 9 in in IN 20467 1623 10 the the DT 20467 1623 11 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1623 12 valley valley NN 20467 1623 13 confined confine VBD 20467 1623 14 to to IN 20467 1623 15 the the DT 20467 1623 16 hills hill NNS 20467 1623 17 in in IN 20467 1623 18 the the DT 20467 1623 19 immediate immediate JJ 20467 1623 20 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 1623 21 of of IN 20467 1623 22 the the DT 20467 1623 23 river river NN 20467 1623 24 , , , 20467 1623 25 extending extend VBG 20467 1623 26 up up RP 20467 1623 27 the the DT 20467 1623 28 tributary tributary NN 20467 1623 29 streams stream VBZ 20467 1623 30 a a DT 20467 1623 31 short short JJ 20467 1623 32 distance distance NN 20467 1623 33 and and CC 20467 1623 34 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 1623 35 entirely entirely RB 20467 1623 36 before before IN 20467 1623 37 reaching reach VBG 20467 1623 38 the the DT 20467 1623 39 mouth mouth NN 20467 1623 40 of of IN 20467 1623 41 the the DT 20467 1623 42 Passumpsic Passumpsic NNP 20467 1623 43 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1623 44 W. W. NNP 20467 1623 45 F. F. NNP 20467 1623 46 Flint Flint NNP 20467 1623 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1623 48 ; ; : 20467 1623 49 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 1623 50 west west NN 20467 1623 51 of of IN 20467 1623 52 the the DT 20467 1623 53 Green green JJ 20467 1623 54 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1623 55 , , , 20467 1623 56 less less RBR 20467 1623 57 so so RB 20467 1623 58 in in IN 20467 1623 59 the the DT 20467 1623 60 southern southern JJ 20467 1623 61 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1623 62 valley valley NNP 20467 1623 63 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1623 64 _ _ NNP 20467 1623 65 Flora Flora NNP 20467 1623 66 of of IN 20467 1623 67 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 1623 68 _ _ NNP 20467 1623 69 , , , 20467 1623 70 1900 1900 CD 20467 1623 71 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1623 72 ; ; : 20467 1623 73 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1623 74 , , , 20467 1623 75 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1623 76 Island Island NNP 20467 1623 77 , , , 20467 1623 78 and and CC 20467 1623 79 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1623 80 . . . 20467 1624 1 South south RB 20467 1624 2 to to IN 20467 1624 3 the the DT 20467 1624 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 1624 5 of of IN 20467 1624 6 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 1624 7 ; ; : 20467 1624 8 west west NN 20467 1624 9 to to IN 20467 1624 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1624 11 , , , 20467 1624 12 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1624 13 , , , 20467 1624 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1624 15 , , , 20467 1624 16 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 1624 17 , , , 20467 1624 18 and and CC 20467 1624 19 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1624 20 . . . 20467 1625 1 = = NFP 20467 1625 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1625 3 tree tree NN 20467 1625 4 of of IN 20467 1625 5 the the DT 20467 1625 6 first first JJ 20467 1625 7 rank rank NN 20467 1625 8 , , , 20467 1625 9 50 50 CD 20467 1625 10 - - SYM 20467 1625 11 75 75 CD 20467 1625 12 feet foot NNS 20467 1625 13 high high JJ 20467 1625 14 and and CC 20467 1625 15 1 1 CD 20467 1625 16 - - SYM 20467 1625 17 6 6 CD 20467 1625 18 feet foot NNS 20467 1625 19 in in IN 20467 1625 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 1625 21 above above IN 20467 1625 22 the the DT 20467 1625 23 swell swell NN 20467 1625 24 of of IN 20467 1625 25 the the DT 20467 1625 26 roots root NNS 20467 1625 27 , , , 20467 1625 28 exhibiting exhibit VBG 20467 1625 29 considerable considerable JJ 20467 1625 30 diversity diversity NN 20467 1625 31 in in IN 20467 1625 32 general general JJ 20467 1625 33 appearance appearance NN 20467 1625 34 , , , 20467 1625 35 trunk trunk NN 20467 1625 36 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1625 37 dissolving dissolve VBG 20467 1625 38 into into IN 20467 1625 39 branches branch NNS 20467 1625 40 like like IN 20467 1625 41 the the DT 20467 1625 42 American american JJ 20467 1625 43 elm elm NN 20467 1625 44 , , , 20467 1625 45 and and CC 20467 1625 46 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1625 47 continuous continuous JJ 20467 1625 48 to to IN 20467 1625 49 the the DT 20467 1625 50 top top NN 20467 1625 51 . . . 20467 1626 1 The the DT 20467 1626 2 finest fine JJS 20467 1626 3 specimens specimen NNS 20467 1626 4 in in IN 20467 1626 5 open open JJ 20467 1626 6 land land NN 20467 1626 7 are be VBP 20467 1626 8 characterized characterize VBN 20467 1626 9 by by IN 20467 1626 10 a a DT 20467 1626 11 rather rather RB 20467 1626 12 short short JJ 20467 1626 13 , , , 20467 1626 14 massive massive JJ 20467 1626 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 1626 16 , , , 20467 1626 17 with with IN 20467 1626 18 stout stout RB 20467 1626 19 , , , 20467 1626 20 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1626 21 , , , 20467 1626 22 far far RB 20467 1626 23 - - HYPH 20467 1626 24 reaching reach VBG 20467 1626 25 limbs limb NNS 20467 1626 26 , , , 20467 1626 27 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 1626 28 gnarled gnarl VBN 20467 1626 29 and and CC 20467 1626 30 twisted twist VBN 20467 1626 31 in in IN 20467 1626 32 old old JJ 20467 1626 33 age age NN 20467 1626 34 , , , 20467 1626 35 forming form VBG 20467 1626 36 a a DT 20467 1626 37 wide wide RB 20467 1626 38 - - HYPH 20467 1626 39 spreading spread VBG 20467 1626 40 , , , 20467 1626 41 open open JJ 20467 1626 42 head head NN 20467 1626 43 of of IN 20467 1626 44 striking strike VBG 20467 1626 45 grandeur grandeur NN 20467 1626 46 , , , 20467 1626 47 the the DT 20467 1626 48 diameter diameter NN 20467 1626 49 at at IN 20467 1626 50 the the DT 20467 1626 51 base base NN 20467 1626 52 of of IN 20467 1626 53 which which WDT 20467 1626 54 is be VBZ 20467 1626 55 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1626 56 two two CD 20467 1626 57 or or CC 20467 1626 58 three three CD 20467 1626 59 times time NNS 20467 1626 60 the the DT 20467 1626 61 height height NN 20467 1626 62 of of IN 20467 1626 63 the the DT 20467 1626 64 tree tree NN 20467 1626 65 . . . 20467 1627 1 = = NFP 20467 1627 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1627 3 and and CC 20467 1627 4 larger large JJR 20467 1627 5 branches branch NNS 20467 1627 6 light light VBP 20467 1627 7 ash ash NN 20467 1627 8 - - HYPH 20467 1627 9 gray gray JJ 20467 1627 10 , , , 20467 1627 11 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1627 12 nearly nearly RB 20467 1627 13 white white JJ 20467 1627 14 , , , 20467 1627 15 broken break VBN 20467 1627 16 into into IN 20467 1627 17 long long JJ 20467 1627 18 , , , 20467 1627 19 thin thin JJ 20467 1627 20 , , , 20467 1627 21 loose loose JJ 20467 1627 22 , , , 20467 1627 23 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1627 24 , , , 20467 1627 25 soft soft RB 20467 1627 26 - - HYPH 20467 1627 27 looking looking JJ 20467 1627 28 flakes flake NNS 20467 1627 29 ; ; : 20467 1627 30 in in IN 20467 1627 31 old old JJ 20467 1627 32 trees tree NNS 20467 1627 33 with with IN 20467 1627 34 broad broad JJ 20467 1627 35 , , , 20467 1627 36 flat flat JJ 20467 1627 37 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1627 38 ; ; , 20467 1627 39 inner inner JJ 20467 1627 40 bark bark NN 20467 1627 41 light light NN 20467 1627 42 ; ; : 20467 1627 43 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1627 44 ash ash NN 20467 1627 45 - - HYPH 20467 1627 46 gray gray JJ 20467 1627 47 , , , 20467 1627 48 mottled mottle VBN 20467 1627 49 ; ; , 20467 1627 50 young young JJ 20467 1627 51 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1627 52 grayish grayish NN 20467 1627 53 - - HYPH 20467 1627 54 green green JJ 20467 1627 55 , , , 20467 1627 56 roughened roughen VBN 20467 1627 57 with with IN 20467 1627 58 minute minute NN 20467 1627 59 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1627 60 , , , 20467 1627 61 raised raise VBN 20467 1627 62 dots dot NNS 20467 1627 63 . . . 20467 1628 1 = = NFP 20467 1628 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1628 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1628 4 and and CC 20467 1628 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1628 6 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 1628 7 to to IN 20467 1628 8 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 1628 9 inch inch NN 20467 1628 10 long long JJ 20467 1628 11 , , , 20467 1628 12 round round JJ 20467 1628 13 - - HYPH 20467 1628 14 ovate ovate NN 20467 1628 15 , , , 20467 1628 16 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1628 17 - - HYPH 20467 1628 18 brown brown JJ 20467 1628 19 . . . 20467 1629 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1629 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1629 3 , , , 20467 1629 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1629 5 , , , 20467 1629 6 3 3 CD 20467 1629 7 - - SYM 20467 1629 8 7 7 CD 20467 1629 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1629 10 long long JJ 20467 1629 11 , , , 20467 1629 12 2 2 CD 20467 1629 13 - - SYM 20467 1629 14 4 4 CD 20467 1629 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1629 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1629 17 , , , 20467 1629 18 delicately delicately RB 20467 1629 19 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1629 20 - - HYPH 20467 1629 21 tinted tint VBN 20467 1629 22 and and CC 20467 1629 23 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1629 24 upon upon IN 20467 1629 25 both both DT 20467 1629 26 sides side NNS 20467 1629 27 when when WRB 20467 1629 28 young young JJ 20467 1629 29 ; ; : 20467 1629 30 at at IN 20467 1629 31 maturity maturity NN 20467 1629 32 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1629 33 , , , 20467 1629 34 light light NN 20467 1629 35 dull dull JJ 20467 1629 36 or or CC 20467 1629 37 glossy glossy JJ 20467 1629 38 green green NN 20467 1629 39 above above RB 20467 1629 40 , , , 20467 1629 41 paler paler NN 20467 1629 42 and and CC 20467 1629 43 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1629 44 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 1629 45 beneath beneath IN 20467 1629 46 , , , 20467 1629 47 turning turn VBG 20467 1629 48 to to IN 20467 1629 49 various various JJ 20467 1629 50 reds red NNS 20467 1629 51 in in IN 20467 1629 52 autumn autumn NN 20467 1629 53 ; ; : 20467 1629 54 outline outline NN 20467 1629 55 obovate obovate NNP 20467 1629 56 to to IN 20467 1629 57 oval oval NN 20467 1629 58 ; ; : 20467 1629 59 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1629 60 5 5 CD 20467 1629 61 - - SYM 20467 1629 62 9 9 CD 20467 1629 63 ; ; : 20467 1629 64 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1629 65 , , , 20467 1629 66 varying vary VBG 20467 1629 67 greatly greatly RB 20467 1629 68 in in IN 20467 1629 69 different different JJ 20467 1629 70 trees tree NNS 20467 1629 71 ; ; : 20467 1629 72 when when WRB 20467 1629 73 few few JJ 20467 1629 74 , , , 20467 1629 75 short short JJ 20467 1629 76 and and CC 20467 1629 77 wide wide RB 20467 1629 78 - - HYPH 20467 1629 79 based base VBN 20467 1629 80 , , , 20467 1629 81 with with IN 20467 1629 82 comparatively comparatively RB 20467 1629 83 shallow shallow JJ 20467 1629 84 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1629 85 ; ; : 20467 1629 86 when when WRB 20467 1629 87 more more JJR 20467 1629 88 in in IN 20467 1629 89 number number NN 20467 1629 90 , , , 20467 1629 91 ovate ovate NN 20467 1629 92 - - HYPH 20467 1629 93 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1629 94 , , , 20467 1629 95 with with IN 20467 1629 96 deeper deep JJR 20467 1629 97 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1629 98 , , , 20467 1629 99 or or CC 20467 1629 100 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1629 101 linear linear JJ 20467 1629 102 - - HYPH 20467 1629 103 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1629 104 , , , 20467 1629 105 with with IN 20467 1629 106 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1629 107 reaching reach VBG 20467 1629 108 nearly nearly RB 20467 1629 109 to to IN 20467 1629 110 midrib midrib NNP 20467 1629 111 ; ; : 20467 1629 112 apex apex NNP 20467 1629 113 of of IN 20467 1629 114 lobe lobe NNP 20467 1629 115 rounded round VBD 20467 1629 116 ; ; : 20467 1629 117 base base NN 20467 1629 118 of of IN 20467 1629 119 leaf leaf NN 20467 1629 120 tapering tapering NN 20467 1629 121 ; ; : 20467 1629 122 leafstalks leafstalks NNP 20467 1629 123 short short JJ 20467 1629 124 ; ; : 20467 1629 125 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1629 126 linear linear NNP 20467 1629 127 , , , 20467 1629 128 soon soon RB 20467 1629 129 falling fall VBG 20467 1629 130 . . . 20467 1630 1 The the DT 20467 1630 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1630 3 of of IN 20467 1630 4 this this DT 20467 1630 5 species specie NNS 20467 1630 6 are be VBP 20467 1630 7 often often RB 20467 1630 8 persistent persistent JJ 20467 1630 9 till till IN 20467 1630 10 spring spring NN 20467 1630 11 , , , 20467 1630 12 especially especially RB 20467 1630 13 in in IN 20467 1630 14 young young JJ 20467 1630 15 trees tree NNS 20467 1630 16 . . . 20467 1631 1 = = NFP 20467 1631 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1631 3 . . . 20467 1632 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1632 2 when when WRB 20467 1632 3 the the DT 20467 1632 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1632 5 are be VBP 20467 1632 6 half half RB 20467 1632 7 grown grown JJ 20467 1632 8 ; ; : 20467 1632 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1632 10 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1632 11 2 2 CD 20467 1632 12 - - SYM 20467 1632 13 3 3 CD 20467 1632 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1632 15 long long JJ 20467 1632 16 , , , 20467 1632 17 with with IN 20467 1632 18 slender slender NN 20467 1632 19 , , , 20467 1632 20 usually usually RB 20467 1632 21 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1632 22 thread thread NN 20467 1632 23 ; ; : 20467 1632 24 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1632 25 yellow yellow NNP 20467 1632 26 , , , 20467 1632 27 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1632 28 ; ; : 20467 1632 29 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1632 30 5 5 CD 20467 1632 31 - - SYM 20467 1632 32 9 9 CD 20467 1632 33 , , , 20467 1632 34 pointed point VBD 20467 1632 35 : : : 20467 1632 36 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1632 37 flowers flower NNS 20467 1632 38 sessile sessile NN 20467 1632 39 or or CC 20467 1632 40 short short RB 20467 1632 41 - - HYPH 20467 1632 42 peduncled peduncled JJ 20467 1632 43 , , , 20467 1632 44 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1632 45 , , , 20467 1632 46 ovate ovate NN 20467 1632 47 - - HYPH 20467 1632 48 scaled scale VBN 20467 1632 49 . . . 20467 1633 1 = = NFP 20467 1633 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1633 3 in in IN 20467 1633 4 the the DT 20467 1633 5 autumn autumn NN 20467 1633 6 of of IN 20467 1633 7 the the DT 20467 1633 8 first first JJ 20467 1633 9 year year NN 20467 1633 10 , , , 20467 1633 11 single single JJ 20467 1633 12 , , , 20467 1633 13 or or CC 20467 1633 14 more more RBR 20467 1633 15 frequently frequently RB 20467 1633 16 in in IN 20467 1633 17 pairs pair NNS 20467 1633 18 , , , 20467 1633 19 sessile sessile NN 20467 1633 20 or or CC 20467 1633 21 peduncled peduncle VBD 20467 1633 22 : : : 20467 1633 23 cup cup VB 20467 1633 24 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 1633 25 to to IN 20467 1633 26 deep deep JJ 20467 1633 27 saucer saucer NN 20467 1633 28 - - HYPH 20467 1633 29 shaped shape VBN 20467 1633 30 , , , 20467 1633 31 rather rather RB 20467 1633 32 thin thin JJ 20467 1633 33 ; ; : 20467 1633 34 scales scale VBZ 20467 1633 35 rough rough JJ 20467 1633 36 - - HYPH 20467 1633 37 knobby knobby NN 20467 1633 38 at at IN 20467 1633 39 base base NN 20467 1633 40 : : : 20467 1633 41 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1633 42 varying vary VBG 20467 1633 43 from from IN 20467 1633 44 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1633 45 inch inch NN 20467 1633 46 to to IN 20467 1633 47 an an DT 20467 1633 48 inch inch NN 20467 1633 49 in in IN 20467 1633 50 length length NN 20467 1633 51 , , , 20467 1633 52 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1633 53 - - HYPH 20467 1633 54 ovoid ovoid RB 20467 1633 55 : : : 20467 1633 56 meat meat NN 20467 1633 57 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1633 58 and and CC 20467 1633 59 edible edible JJ 20467 1633 60 , , , 20467 1633 61 said say VBD 20467 1633 62 to to TO 20467 1633 63 be be VB 20467 1633 64 when when WRB 20467 1633 65 boiled boil VBN 20467 1633 66 a a DT 20467 1633 67 good good JJ 20467 1633 68 substitute substitute NN 20467 1633 69 for for IN 20467 1633 70 chestnuts chestnut NNS 20467 1633 71 . . . 20467 1634 1 = = NFP 20467 1634 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1634 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1634 4 in in IN 20467 1634 5 New New NNP 20467 1634 6 England England NNP 20467 1634 7 ; ; : 20467 1634 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1634 9 well well RB 20467 1634 10 in in IN 20467 1634 11 all all RB 20467 1634 12 except except IN 20467 1634 13 very very RB 20467 1634 14 wet wet JJ 20467 1634 15 soils soil NNS 20467 1634 16 , , , 20467 1634 17 in in IN 20467 1634 18 all all DT 20467 1634 19 open open JJ 20467 1634 20 exposures exposure NNS 20467 1634 21 and and CC 20467 1634 22 in in IN 20467 1634 23 light light JJ 20467 1634 24 shade shade NN 20467 1634 25 ; ; : 20467 1634 26 like like IN 20467 1634 27 all all DT 20467 1634 28 oaks oak NNS 20467 1634 29 , , , 20467 1634 30 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1634 31 to to TO 20467 1634 32 transplant transplant VB 20467 1634 33 unless unless IN 20467 1634 34 prepared prepare VBN 20467 1634 35 by by IN 20467 1634 36 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1634 37 transplanting transplanting NN 20467 1634 38 in in IN 20467 1634 39 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1634 40 , , , 20467 1634 41 from from IN 20467 1634 42 which which WDT 20467 1634 43 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1634 44 is be VBZ 20467 1634 45 not not RB 20467 1634 46 readily readily RB 20467 1634 47 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1634 48 in in IN 20467 1634 49 quantity quantity NN 20467 1634 50 ; ; : 20467 1634 51 grows grow VBZ 20467 1634 52 very very RB 20467 1634 53 slowly slowly RB 20467 1634 54 and and CC 20467 1634 55 nearly nearly RB 20467 1634 56 uniformly uniformly RB 20467 1634 57 up up IN 20467 1634 58 to to IN 20467 1634 59 maturity maturity NN 20467 1634 60 ; ; : 20467 1634 61 comparatively comparatively RB 20467 1634 62 free free JJ 20467 1634 63 from from IN 20467 1634 64 insect insect JJ 20467 1634 65 enemies enemy NNS 20467 1634 66 but but CC 20467 1634 67 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1634 68 disfigured disfigure VBN 20467 1634 69 by by IN 20467 1634 70 fungous fungous JJ 20467 1634 71 disease disease NN 20467 1634 72 which which WDT 20467 1634 73 attacks attack VBZ 20467 1634 74 immature immature JJ 20467 1634 75 leaves leave NNS 20467 1634 76 in in IN 20467 1634 77 spring spring NN 20467 1634 78 . . . 20467 1635 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1635 2 from from IN 20467 1635 3 seed seed NN 20467 1635 4 . . . 20467 1636 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1636 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1636 3 : : : 20467 1636 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1636 5 XXXVII.--Quercus XXXVII.--Quercus NNP 20467 1636 6 alba alba VBZ 20467 1636 7 . . . 20467 1636 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1637 1 1 1 LS 20467 1637 2 . . . 20467 1638 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1638 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1638 3 . . . 20467 1639 1 2 2 LS 20467 1639 2 . . . 20467 1640 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1640 2 branch branch NN 20467 1640 3 . . . 20467 1641 1 3 3 CD 20467 1641 2 - - SYM 20467 1641 3 4 4 CD 20467 1641 4 . . . 20467 1642 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1642 2 flower flower NN 20467 1642 3 , , , 20467 1642 4 front front JJ 20467 1642 5 view view NN 20467 1642 6 . . . 20467 1643 1 5 5 CD 20467 1643 2 . . . 20467 1644 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1644 2 flower flower NN 20467 1644 3 , , , 20467 1644 4 side side NN 20467 1644 5 view view NN 20467 1644 6 . . . 20467 1645 1 6 6 CD 20467 1645 2 . . . 20467 1646 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1646 2 branch branch NN 20467 1646 3 . . . 20467 1647 1 7 7 CD 20467 1647 2 - - SYM 20467 1647 3 8 8 CD 20467 1647 4 . . . 20467 1648 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 1648 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1648 3 . . . 20467 1649 1 = = NFP 20467 1649 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1649 3 stellata stellata NN 20467 1649 4 , , , 20467 1649 5 Wang.= wang.= ADD 20467 1649 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1649 7 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1650 1 obtusiloba obtusiloba LS 20467 1650 2 , , , 20467 1650 3 Michx Michx NNP 20467 1650 4 . . . 20467 1651 1 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1651 2 minor minor JJ 20467 1651 3 , , , 20467 1651 4 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 1651 5 _ _ NNP 20467 1651 6 . . . 20467 1652 1 POST POST NNP 20467 1652 2 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1652 3 . . . 20467 1653 1 BOX BOX NNP 20467 1653 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1653 3 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1653 4 . . . 20467 1654 1 = = NFP 20467 1654 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1654 3 and and CC 20467 1654 4 Range.= Range.= NNP 20467 1654 5 Doubtfully Doubtfully NNP 20467 1654 6 reported report VBN 20467 1654 7 from from IN 20467 1654 8 southern southern JJ 20467 1654 9 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1654 10 . . . 20467 1655 1 In in IN 20467 1655 2 New New NNP 20467 1655 3 England England NNP 20467 1655 4 , , , 20467 1655 5 mostly mostly RB 20467 1655 6 in in IN 20467 1655 7 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1655 8 soil soil NN 20467 1655 9 near near IN 20467 1655 10 the the DT 20467 1655 11 sea sea NN 20467 1655 12 - - HYPH 20467 1655 13 coast coast NN 20467 1655 14 ; ; : 20467 1655 15 Massachusetts,--southern Massachusetts,--southern NNP 20467 1655 16 Cape Cape NNP 20467 1655 17 Cod cod VBP 20467 1655 18 from from IN 20467 1655 19 Falmouth Falmouth NNP 20467 1655 20 to to IN 20467 1655 21 Brewster Brewster NNP 20467 1655 22 , , , 20467 1655 23 the the DT 20467 1655 24 most most RBS 20467 1655 25 northern northern JJ 20467 1655 26 station station NN 20467 1655 27 reported report VBD 20467 1655 28 , , , 20467 1655 29 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1655 30 ; ; : 20467 1655 31 the the DT 20467 1655 32 islands island NNS 20467 1655 33 of of IN 20467 1655 34 Naushon Naushon NNP 20467 1655 35 , , , 20467 1655 36 Martha Martha NNP 20467 1655 37 's 's POS 20467 1655 38 Vineyard Vineyard NNP 20467 1655 39 where where WRB 20467 1655 40 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1655 41 is be VBZ 20467 1655 42 rather rather RB 20467 1655 43 common common JJ 20467 1655 44 , , , 20467 1655 45 and and CC 20467 1655 46 Nantucket nantucket NN 20467 1655 47 where where WRB 20467 1655 48 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1655 49 is be VBZ 20467 1655 50 rare rare JJ 20467 1655 51 ; ; : 20467 1655 52 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1655 53 Island,--along Island,--along NNP 20467 1655 54 the the DT 20467 1655 55 shore shore NN 20467 1655 56 of of IN 20467 1655 57 the the DT 20467 1655 58 northern northern JJ 20467 1655 59 arm arm NN 20467 1655 60 of of IN 20467 1655 61 Wickford Wickford NNP 20467 1655 62 harbor harbor NN 20467 1655 63 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1655 64 L. L. NNP 20467 1655 65 W. W. NNP 20467 1655 66 Russell Russell NNP 20467 1655 67 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1655 68 ; ; : 20467 1655 69 Connecticut,--occasional connecticut,--occasional JJ 20467 1655 70 along along IN 20467 1655 71 the the DT 20467 1655 72 shores shore NNS 20467 1655 73 of of IN 20467 1655 74 Long Long NNP 20467 1655 75 Island Island NNP 20467 1655 76 sound sound NN 20467 1655 77 west west NN 20467 1655 78 of of IN 20467 1655 79 New New NNP 20467 1655 80 Haven Haven NNP 20467 1655 81 . . . 20467 1656 1 South south RB 20467 1656 2 to to IN 20467 1656 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1656 4 ; ; : 20467 1656 5 west west NN 20467 1656 6 to to IN 20467 1656 7 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1656 8 , , , 20467 1656 9 Indian indian JJ 20467 1656 10 territory territory NN 20467 1656 11 , , , 20467 1656 12 and and CC 20467 1656 13 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1656 14 . . . 20467 1657 1 = = NFP 20467 1657 2 Habit.=--Farther habit.=--farther WDT 20467 1657 3 south south NN 20467 1657 4 , , , 20467 1657 5 a a DT 20467 1657 6 tree tree NN 20467 1657 7 of of IN 20467 1657 8 the the DT 20467 1657 9 first first JJ 20467 1657 10 magnitude magnitude NN 20467 1657 11 , , , 20467 1657 12 reaching reach VBG 20467 1657 13 a a DT 20467 1657 14 height height NN 20467 1657 15 of of IN 20467 1657 16 100 100 CD 20467 1657 17 feet foot NNS 20467 1657 18 , , , 20467 1657 19 with with IN 20467 1657 20 a a DT 20467 1657 21 trunk trunk NN 20467 1657 22 diameter diameter NN 20467 1657 23 of of IN 20467 1657 24 4 4 CD 20467 1657 25 feet foot NNS 20467 1657 26 ; ; : 20467 1657 27 in in IN 20467 1657 28 southern southern JJ 20467 1657 29 New New NNP 20467 1657 30 England England NNP 20467 1657 31 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1657 32 attaining attain VBG 20467 1657 33 in in IN 20467 1657 34 woodlands woodland NNS 20467 1657 35 a a DT 20467 1657 36 height height NN 20467 1657 37 of of IN 20467 1657 38 50 50 CD 20467 1657 39 - - SYM 20467 1657 40 60 60 CD 20467 1657 41 feet foot NNS 20467 1657 42 ; ; : 20467 1657 43 at at IN 20467 1657 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1657 45 northern northern JJ 20467 1657 46 limit limit NN 20467 1657 47 in in IN 20467 1657 48 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1657 49 , , , 20467 1657 50 usually usually RB 20467 1657 51 10 10 CD 20467 1657 52 to to TO 20467 1657 53 35 35 CD 20467 1657 54 feet foot NNS 20467 1657 55 in in IN 20467 1657 56 height height NN 20467 1657 57 , , , 20467 1657 58 with with IN 20467 1657 59 a a DT 20467 1657 60 diameter diameter NN 20467 1657 61 at at IN 20467 1657 62 the the DT 20467 1657 63 ground ground NN 20467 1657 64 of of IN 20467 1657 65 6 6 CD 20467 1657 66 - - SYM 20467 1657 67 12 12 CD 20467 1657 68 inches inch NNS 20467 1657 69 . . . 20467 1658 1 The the DT 20467 1658 2 trunk trunk NN 20467 1658 3 throws throw VBZ 20467 1658 4 out out IN 20467 1658 5 stout stout RB 20467 1658 6 , , , 20467 1658 7 tough tough JJ 20467 1658 8 , , , 20467 1658 9 and and CC 20467 1658 10 often often RB 20467 1658 11 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 1658 12 crooked crooked JJ 20467 1658 13 branches branch NNS 20467 1658 14 , , , 20467 1658 15 the the DT 20467 1658 16 lower low JJR 20467 1658 17 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1658 18 or or CC 20467 1658 19 declining decline VBG 20467 1658 20 , , , 20467 1658 21 forming form VBG 20467 1658 22 a a DT 20467 1658 23 disproportionately disproportionately RB 20467 1658 24 large large JJ 20467 1658 25 head head NN 20467 1658 26 , , , 20467 1658 27 with with IN 20467 1658 28 dark dark JJ 20467 1658 29 green green JJ 20467 1658 30 , , , 20467 1658 31 dense dense JJ 20467 1658 32 foliage foliage NN 20467 1658 33 . . . 20467 1659 1 Near near IN 20467 1659 2 the the DT 20467 1659 3 shore shore NN 20467 1659 4 the the DT 20467 1659 5 limbs limb NNS 20467 1659 6 often often RB 20467 1659 7 grow grow VBP 20467 1659 8 very very RB 20467 1659 9 low low JJ 20467 1659 10 , , , 20467 1659 11 stretching stretch VBG 20467 1659 12 along along IN 20467 1659 13 the the DT 20467 1659 14 ground ground NN 20467 1659 15 as as IN 20467 1659 16 if if IN 20467 1659 17 from from IN 20467 1659 18 an an DT 20467 1659 19 underground underground JJ 20467 1659 20 stem stem NN 20467 1659 21 . . . 20467 1660 1 = = NFP 20467 1660 2 Bark.=--Resembling bark.=--resemble VBG 20467 1660 3 that that DT 20467 1660 4 of of IN 20467 1660 5 the the DT 20467 1660 6 white white NNP 20467 1660 7 oak oak NNP 20467 1660 8 , , , 20467 1660 9 but but CC 20467 1660 10 rather rather RB 20467 1660 11 a a DT 20467 1660 12 darker dark JJR 20467 1660 13 gray gray JJ 20467 1660 14 , , , 20467 1660 15 rougher rougher JJ 20467 1660 16 and and CC 20467 1660 17 firmer firm JJR 20467 1660 18 ; ; : 20467 1660 19 upon upon IN 20467 1660 20 old old JJ 20467 1660 21 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1660 22 furrowed furrow VBD 20467 1660 23 and and CC 20467 1660 24 cut cut VBD 20467 1660 25 into into IN 20467 1660 26 oblongs oblong NNS 20467 1660 27 ; ; : 20467 1660 28 small small JJ 20467 1660 29 limbs limbs NNP 20467 1660 30 brownish brownish NNP 20467 1660 31 - - HYPH 20467 1660 32 gray gray JJ 20467 1660 33 , , , 20467 1660 34 rough rough JJ 20467 1660 35 - - HYPH 20467 1660 36 dotted dotted JJ 20467 1660 37 ; ; : 20467 1660 38 season season NN 20467 1660 39 's 's POS 20467 1660 40 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1660 41 densely densely RB 20467 1660 42 tawny tawny NN 20467 1660 43 - - HYPH 20467 1660 44 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 1660 45 . . . 20467 1661 1 = = NFP 20467 1661 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1661 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1661 4 and and CC 20467 1661 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1661 6 small small JJ 20467 1661 7 , , , 20467 1661 8 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1661 9 or or CC 20467 1661 10 conical conical JJ 20467 1661 11 , , , 20467 1661 12 brownish brownish NNP 20467 1661 13 , , , 20467 1661 14 scales scale VBZ 20467 1661 15 minutely minutely RB 20467 1661 16 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1661 17 or or CC 20467 1661 18 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 1661 19 . . . 20467 1662 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1662 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1662 3 , , , 20467 1662 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1662 5 , , , 20467 1662 6 3 3 CD 20467 1662 7 - - SYM 20467 1662 8 8 8 CD 20467 1662 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1662 10 long long JJ 20467 1662 11 , , , 20467 1662 12 two two CD 20467 1662 13 - - HYPH 20467 1662 14 thirds third NNS 20467 1662 15 as as IN 20467 1662 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1662 17 , , , 20467 1662 18 thickish thickish JJ 20467 1662 19 , , , 20467 1662 20 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1662 21 - - HYPH 20467 1662 22 green green JJ 20467 1662 23 and and CC 20467 1662 24 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 1662 25 upon upon IN 20467 1662 26 both both DT 20467 1662 27 sides side NNS 20467 1662 28 when when WRB 20467 1662 29 young young JJ 20467 1662 30 , , , 20467 1662 31 becoming become VBG 20467 1662 32 a a DT 20467 1662 33 deep deep JJ 20467 1662 34 , , , 20467 1662 35 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1662 36 glossy glossy JJ 20467 1662 37 green green NN 20467 1662 38 above above RB 20467 1662 39 , , , 20467 1662 40 lighter lighter RBR 20467 1662 41 beneath beneath RB 20467 1662 42 , , , 20467 1662 43 both both DT 20467 1662 44 sides side NNS 20467 1662 45 still still RB 20467 1662 46 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1662 47 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 1662 48 ; ; : 20467 1662 49 general general JJ 20467 1662 50 outline outline NN 20467 1662 51 of of IN 20467 1662 52 leaf leaf NN 20467 1662 53 and and CC 20467 1662 54 of of IN 20467 1662 55 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1662 56 , , , 20467 1662 57 and and CC 20467 1662 58 number number NN 20467 1662 59 and and CC 20467 1662 60 shape shape NN 20467 1662 61 of of IN 20467 1662 62 the the DT 20467 1662 63 latter latter JJ 20467 1662 64 , , , 20467 1662 65 extremely extremely RB 20467 1662 66 variable variable JJ 20467 1662 67 ; ; : 20467 1662 68 type type NN 20467 1662 69 - - HYPH 20467 1662 70 form form NN 20467 1662 71 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 1662 72 , , , 20467 1662 73 all all PDT 20467 1662 74 the the DT 20467 1662 75 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1662 76 rounded round VBD 20467 1662 77 , , , 20467 1662 78 the the DT 20467 1662 79 three three CD 20467 1662 80 upper upper JJ 20467 1662 81 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1662 82 much much RB 20467 1662 83 larger large JJR 20467 1662 84 , , , 20467 1662 85 more more RBR 20467 1662 86 or or CC 20467 1662 87 less less RBR 20467 1662 88 subdivided subdivided JJ 20467 1662 89 , , , 20467 1662 90 often often RB 20467 1662 91 squarish squarish JJ 20467 1662 92 , , , 20467 1662 93 the the DT 20467 1662 94 two two CD 20467 1662 95 lower low JJR 20467 1662 96 tapering taper VBG 20467 1662 97 to to IN 20467 1662 98 an an DT 20467 1662 99 acute acute JJ 20467 1662 100 , , , 20467 1662 101 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1662 102 , , , 20467 1662 103 or or CC 20467 1662 104 truncate truncate JJ 20467 1662 105 base base NN 20467 1662 106 ; ; : 20467 1662 107 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1662 108 deep deep JJ 20467 1662 109 , , , 20467 1662 110 variable variable JJ 20467 1662 111 , , , 20467 1662 112 often often RB 20467 1662 113 at at IN 20467 1662 114 right right JJ 20467 1662 115 angles angle NNS 20467 1662 116 to to IN 20467 1662 117 the the DT 20467 1662 118 midrib midrib NN 20467 1662 119 ; ; : 20467 1662 120 leafstalk leafstalk NNP 20467 1662 121 short short JJ 20467 1662 122 , , , 20467 1662 123 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 1662 124 ; ; : 20467 1662 125 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1662 126 linear linear NNP 20467 1662 127 , , , 20467 1662 128 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1662 129 , , , 20467 1662 130 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1662 131 persistent persistent JJ 20467 1662 132 till till IN 20467 1662 133 midsummer midsummer NN 20467 1662 134 . . . 20467 1663 1 The the DT 20467 1663 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1663 3 are be VBP 20467 1663 4 often often RB 20467 1663 5 arranged arrange VBN 20467 1663 6 at at IN 20467 1663 7 the the DT 20467 1663 8 tips tip NNS 20467 1663 9 of of IN 20467 1663 10 the the DT 20467 1663 11 branches branch NNS 20467 1663 12 in in IN 20467 1663 13 star star NN 20467 1663 14 - - HYPH 20467 1663 15 shaped shape VBN 20467 1663 16 clusters cluster NNS 20467 1663 17 , , , 20467 1663 18 giving give VBG 20467 1663 19 rise rise NN 20467 1663 20 to to IN 20467 1663 21 the the DT 20467 1663 22 specific specific JJ 20467 1663 23 name name NN 20467 1663 24 _ _ NNP 20467 1663 25 stellata stellata NN 20467 1663 26 _ _ NNP 20467 1663 27 . . . 20467 1664 1 = = NFP 20467 1664 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1664 3 . . . 20467 1665 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1665 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1665 3 1 1 CD 20467 1665 4 - - SYM 20467 1665 5 3 3 CD 20467 1665 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1665 7 long long JJ 20467 1665 8 , , , 20467 1665 9 connecting connect VBG 20467 1665 10 thread thread NN 20467 1665 11 woolly woolly RB 20467 1665 12 ; ; : 20467 1665 13 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1665 14 4 4 CD 20467 1665 15 - - SYM 20467 1665 16 8 8 CD 20467 1665 17 parted part VBN 20467 1665 18 , , , 20467 1665 19 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1665 20 acute acute JJ 20467 1665 21 , , , 20467 1665 22 densely densely RB 20467 1665 23 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1665 24 , , , 20467 1665 25 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1665 26 ; ; : 20467 1665 27 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1665 28 4 4 CD 20467 1665 29 - - SYM 20467 1665 30 8 8 CD 20467 1665 31 , , , 20467 1665 32 _ _ NNP 20467 1665 33 anthers anther NNS 20467 1665 34 with with IN 20467 1665 35 scattered scatter VBN 20467 1665 36 hairs hair NNS 20467 1665 37 _ _ NNP 20467 1665 38 : : : 20467 1665 39 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1665 40 flowers flower NNS 20467 1665 41 single single JJ 20467 1665 42 or or CC 20467 1665 43 in in IN 20467 1665 44 clusters cluster NNS 20467 1665 45 of of IN 20467 1665 46 2 2 CD 20467 1665 47 , , , 20467 1665 48 3 3 CD 20467 1665 49 , , , 20467 1665 50 or or CC 20467 1665 51 more more JJR 20467 1665 52 , , , 20467 1665 53 sessile sessile RB 20467 1665 54 or or CC 20467 1665 55 on on IN 20467 1665 56 a a DT 20467 1665 57 short short JJ 20467 1665 58 stem stem NN 20467 1665 59 ; ; : 20467 1665 60 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1665 61 red red NNP 20467 1665 62 . . . 20467 1666 1 = = NFP 20467 1666 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1666 3 the the DT 20467 1666 4 first first JJ 20467 1666 5 season season NN 20467 1666 6 , , , 20467 1666 7 single single JJ 20467 1666 8 and and CC 20467 1666 9 sessile sessile JJ 20467 1666 10 , , , 20467 1666 11 or or CC 20467 1666 12 nearly nearly RB 20467 1666 13 so so RB 20467 1666 14 , , , 20467 1666 15 or or CC 20467 1666 16 in in IN 20467 1666 17 clusters cluster NNS 20467 1666 18 of of IN 20467 1666 19 2 2 CD 20467 1666 20 , , , 20467 1666 21 3 3 CD 20467 1666 22 , , , 20467 1666 23 or or CC 20467 1666 24 more more JJR 20467 1666 25 , , , 20467 1666 26 on on IN 20467 1666 27 short short JJ 20467 1666 28 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 1666 29 : : : 20467 1666 30 cup cup VB 20467 1666 31 top top RB 20467 1666 32 - - HYPH 20467 1666 33 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1666 34 or or CC 20467 1666 35 cup cup NN 20467 1666 36 - - HYPH 20467 1666 37 shaped shape VBN 20467 1666 38 , , , 20467 1666 39 1/3 1/3 CD 20467 1666 40 - - SYM 20467 1666 41 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1666 42 the the DT 20467 1666 43 length length NN 20467 1666 44 of of IN 20467 1666 45 the the DT 20467 1666 46 acorn acorn NN 20467 1666 47 , , , 20467 1666 48 about about RB 20467 1666 49 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 1666 50 inch inch NN 20467 1666 51 wide wide JJ 20467 1666 52 , , , 20467 1666 53 thin thin JJ 20467 1666 54 ; ; : 20467 1666 55 scales scale VBZ 20467 1666 56 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1666 57 or or CC 20467 1666 58 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1666 59 hairy hairy VB 20467 1666 60 along along IN 20467 1666 61 the the DT 20467 1666 62 top top JJ 20467 1666 63 , , , 20467 1666 64 acutish acutish VB 20467 1666 65 or or CC 20467 1666 66 roundish roundish JJ 20467 1666 67 , , , 20467 1666 68 slightly slightly RB 20467 1666 69 thickened thicken VBN 20467 1666 70 at at IN 20467 1666 71 base base NN 20467 1666 72 : : : 20467 1666 73 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1666 74 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1666 75 - - SYM 20467 1666 76 1 1 CD 20467 1666 77 inch inch NN 20467 1666 78 long long JJ 20467 1666 79 , , , 20467 1666 80 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1666 81 . . . 20467 1667 1 = = NFP 20467 1667 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1667 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1667 4 in in IN 20467 1667 5 New New NNP 20467 1667 6 England England NNP 20467 1667 7 ; ; : 20467 1667 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1667 9 a a DT 20467 1667 10 good good JJ 20467 1667 11 , , , 20467 1667 12 well well RB 20467 1667 13 - - HYPH 20467 1667 14 drained drain VBN 20467 1667 15 , , , 20467 1667 16 open open JJ 20467 1667 17 soil soil NN 20467 1667 18 ; ; : 20467 1667 19 quite quite RB 20467 1667 20 as as IN 20467 1667 21 slow slow RB 20467 1667 22 - - HYPH 20467 1667 23 growing grow VBG 20467 1667 24 as as IN 20467 1667 25 the the DT 20467 1667 26 white white NNP 20467 1667 27 oak oak NNP 20467 1667 28 ; ; : 20467 1667 29 seldom seldom RB 20467 1667 30 found find VBD 20467 1667 31 in in IN 20467 1667 32 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1667 33 and and CC 20467 1667 34 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1667 35 to to TO 20467 1667 36 transplant transplant VB 20467 1667 37 . . . 20467 1668 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1668 2 from from IN 20467 1668 3 the the DT 20467 1668 4 seed seed NN 20467 1668 5 . . . 20467 1669 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1669 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1669 3 : : : 20467 1669 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1669 5 XXXVIII.--Quercus XXXVIII.--Quercus NNP 20467 1669 6 stellata stellata NN 20467 1669 7 . . . 20467 1669 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1670 1 1 1 LS 20467 1670 2 . . . 20467 1671 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1671 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1671 3 . . . 20467 1672 1 2 2 LS 20467 1672 2 . . . 20467 1673 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1673 2 branch branch NN 20467 1673 3 . . . 20467 1674 1 3 3 LS 20467 1674 2 . . . 20467 1675 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1675 2 flower flower NN 20467 1675 3 , , , 20467 1675 4 back back JJ 20467 1675 5 view view NN 20467 1675 6 . . . 20467 1676 1 4 4 LS 20467 1676 2 . . . 20467 1677 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1677 2 flower flower NN 20467 1677 3 , , , 20467 1677 4 front front JJ 20467 1677 5 view view NN 20467 1677 6 . . . 20467 1678 1 5 5 CD 20467 1678 2 . . . 20467 1679 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1679 2 flower flower NN 20467 1679 3 . . . 20467 1680 1 6 6 CD 20467 1680 2 . . . 20467 1681 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1681 2 branch branch NN 20467 1681 3 . . . 20467 1682 1 = = NFP 20467 1682 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1682 3 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 20467 1682 4 , , , 20467 1682 5 Michx.= Michx.= NNP 20467 1682 6 BUR BUR NNP 20467 1682 7 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1682 8 . . . 20467 1683 1 OVER OVER NNP 20467 1683 2 - - HYPH 20467 1683 3 CUP CUP NNP 20467 1683 4 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1683 5 . . . 20467 1684 1 MOSSY MOSSY NNP 20467 1684 2 - - HYPH 20467 1684 3 CUP CUP NNP 20467 1684 4 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1684 5 . . . 20467 1685 1 = = NFP 20467 1685 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1685 3 and and CC 20467 1685 4 Range.=--Deep Range.=--Deep NNP 20467 1685 5 , , , 20467 1685 6 rich rich JJ 20467 1685 7 soil soil NN 20467 1685 8 ; ; : 20467 1685 9 river river NN 20467 1685 10 valleys valley NNS 20467 1685 11 . . . 20467 1686 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1686 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1686 3 to to IN 20467 1686 4 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 1686 5 , , , 20467 1686 6 not not RB 20467 1686 7 attaining attain VBG 20467 1686 8 in in IN 20467 1686 9 this this DT 20467 1686 10 region region NN 20467 1686 11 the the DT 20467 1686 12 size size NN 20467 1686 13 of of IN 20467 1686 14 the the DT 20467 1686 15 white white NNP 20467 1686 16 oak oak NNP 20467 1686 17 , , , 20467 1686 18 nor nor CC 20467 1686 19 covering cover VBG 20467 1686 20 as as IN 20467 1686 21 large large JJ 20467 1686 22 areas area NNS 20467 1686 23 . . . 20467 1687 1 Maine,--known Maine,--known NNP 20467 1687 2 only only RB 20467 1687 3 in in IN 20467 1687 4 the the DT 20467 1687 5 valleys valley NNS 20467 1687 6 of of IN 20467 1687 7 the the DT 20467 1687 8 middle middle JJ 20467 1687 9 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 1687 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1687 11 Orono Orono NNP 20467 1687 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1687 13 and and CC 20467 1687 14 the the DT 20467 1687 15 Kennebec Kennebec NNP 20467 1687 16 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1687 17 Winslow Winslow NNP 20467 1687 18 , , , 20467 1687 19 Waterville Waterville NNP 20467 1687 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1687 21 ; ; : 20467 1687 22 Vermont,--lowlands vermont,--lowland NNS 20467 1687 23 about about IN 20467 1687 24 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1687 25 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 1687 26 , , , 20467 1687 27 especially especially RB 20467 1687 28 in in IN 20467 1687 29 Addison Addison NNP 20467 1687 30 county county NN 20467 1687 31 , , , 20467 1687 32 not not RB 20467 1687 33 common common JJ 20467 1687 34 ; ; : 20467 1687 35 Massachusetts,--valley massachusetts,--valley NN 20467 1687 36 of of IN 20467 1687 37 the the DT 20467 1687 38 Ware Ware NNP 20467 1687 39 river river NN 20467 1687 40 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1687 41 Worcester Worcester NNP 20467 1687 42 county county NN 20467 1687 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1687 44 , , , 20467 1687 45 Stockbridge Stockbridge NNP 20467 1687 46 and and CC 20467 1687 47 towns town NNS 20467 1687 48 south south RB 20467 1687 49 along along IN 20467 1687 50 the the DT 20467 1687 51 Housatonic Housatonic NNP 20467 1687 52 river river NN 20467 1687 53 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1687 54 Berkshire Berkshire NNP 20467 1687 55 county county NN 20467 1687 56 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1687 57 ; ; : 20467 1687 58 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1687 59 Island,--no island,--no NN 20467 1687 60 station station NN 20467 1687 61 reported report VBD 20467 1687 62 ; ; : 20467 1687 63 Connecticut,--probably connecticut,--probably RB 20467 1687 64 introduced introduce VBN 20467 1687 65 in in IN 20467 1687 66 central central JJ 20467 1687 67 and and CC 20467 1687 68 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1687 69 sections section NNS 20467 1687 70 , , , 20467 1687 71 possibly possibly RB 20467 1687 72 native native JJ 20467 1687 73 near near IN 20467 1687 74 the the DT 20467 1687 75 northern northern JJ 20467 1687 76 border border NN 20467 1687 77 . . . 20467 1688 1 South south RB 20467 1688 2 to to IN 20467 1688 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 1688 4 and and CC 20467 1688 5 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 1688 6 ; ; : 20467 1688 7 west west NN 20467 1688 8 to to IN 20467 1688 9 Montana Montana NNP 20467 1688 10 , , , 20467 1688 11 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1688 12 , , , 20467 1688 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1688 14 , , , 20467 1688 15 Indian indian JJ 20467 1688 16 territory territory NN 20467 1688 17 , , , 20467 1688 18 and and CC 20467 1688 19 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1688 20 . . . 20467 1689 1 = = NFP 20467 1689 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1689 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1689 4 - - HYPH 20467 1689 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1689 6 tree tree NN 20467 1689 7 , , , 20467 1689 8 40 40 CD 20467 1689 9 - - SYM 20467 1689 10 60 60 CD 20467 1689 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1689 12 high high JJ 20467 1689 13 , , , 20467 1689 14 with with IN 20467 1689 15 a a DT 20467 1689 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 1689 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 1689 18 of of IN 20467 1689 19 1 1 CD 20467 1689 20 - - SYM 20467 1689 21 3 3 CD 20467 1689 22 feet foot NNS 20467 1689 23 ; ; , 20467 1689 24 attaining attain VBG 20467 1689 25 great great JJ 20467 1689 26 size size NN 20467 1689 27 in in IN 20467 1689 28 the the DT 20467 1689 29 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1689 30 and and CC 20467 1689 31 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1689 32 river river NN 20467 1689 33 basins basin NNS 20467 1689 34 ; ; : 20467 1689 35 trunk trunk NN 20467 1689 36 erect erect NN 20467 1689 37 , , , 20467 1689 38 branches branch NNS 20467 1689 39 often often RB 20467 1689 40 changing change VBG 20467 1689 41 direction direction NN 20467 1689 42 , , , 20467 1689 43 ascending ascend VBG 20467 1689 44 , , , 20467 1689 45 save save VB 20467 1689 46 the the DT 20467 1689 47 lowest low JJS 20467 1689 48 , , , 20467 1689 49 which which WDT 20467 1689 50 are be VBP 20467 1689 51 often often RB 20467 1689 52 nearly nearly RB 20467 1689 53 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1689 54 ; ; : 20467 1689 55 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1689 56 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1689 57 , , , 20467 1689 58 on on IN 20467 1689 59 the the DT 20467 1689 60 lowest low JJS 20467 1689 61 branches branch NNS 20467 1689 62 often often RB 20467 1689 63 declined decline VBD 20467 1689 64 or or CC 20467 1689 65 drooping droop VBG 20467 1689 66 ; ; : 20467 1689 67 head head VB 20467 1689 68 wide wide RB 20467 1689 69 - - HYPH 20467 1689 70 spreading spread VBG 20467 1689 71 , , , 20467 1689 72 rounded round VBD 20467 1689 73 near near IN 20467 1689 74 the the DT 20467 1689 75 center center NN 20467 1689 76 , , , 20467 1689 77 very very RB 20467 1689 78 rough rough JJ 20467 1689 79 in in IN 20467 1689 80 aspect aspect NN 20467 1689 81 ; ; , 20467 1689 82 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 1689 83 in in IN 20467 1689 84 summer summer NN 20467 1689 85 by by IN 20467 1689 86 the the DT 20467 1689 87 luxuriance luxuriance NN 20467 1689 88 of of IN 20467 1689 89 the the DT 20467 1689 90 dark dark JJ 20467 1689 91 - - HYPH 20467 1689 92 green green JJ 20467 1689 93 foliage foliage NN 20467 1689 94 and and CC 20467 1689 95 in in IN 20467 1689 96 autumn autumn NN 20467 1689 97 by by IN 20467 1689 98 the the DT 20467 1689 99 size size NN 20467 1689 100 of of IN 20467 1689 101 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1689 102 acorns acorn NNS 20467 1689 103 . . . 20467 1690 1 = = NFP 20467 1690 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1690 3 of of IN 20467 1690 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1690 5 and and CC 20467 1690 6 branches branch NNS 20467 1690 7 ash ash NN 20467 1690 8 - - HYPH 20467 1690 9 gray gray JJ 20467 1690 10 , , , 20467 1690 11 but but CC 20467 1690 12 darker dark JJR 20467 1690 13 than than IN 20467 1690 14 that that DT 20467 1690 15 of of IN 20467 1690 16 the the DT 20467 1690 17 white white NNP 20467 1690 18 oak oak NNP 20467 1690 19 , , , 20467 1690 20 separating separate VBG 20467 1690 21 on on IN 20467 1690 22 old old JJ 20467 1690 23 trees tree NNS 20467 1690 24 into into IN 20467 1690 25 rather rather RB 20467 1690 26 firm firm JJ 20467 1690 27 , , , 20467 1690 28 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 20467 1690 29 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1690 30 ; ; : 20467 1690 31 bark bark NN 20467 1690 32 of of IN 20467 1690 33 branches branch NNS 20467 1690 34 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1690 35 developed develop VBD 20467 1690 36 into into IN 20467 1690 37 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1690 38 corky corky NN 20467 1690 39 , , , 20467 1690 40 wing wing NN 20467 1690 41 - - HYPH 20467 1690 42 like like JJ 20467 1690 43 layers layer NNS 20467 1690 44 ; ; : 20467 1690 45 season season NN 20467 1690 46 's 's POS 20467 1690 47 shoots shoots NNP 20467 1690 48 yellowish yellowish NNP 20467 1690 49 - - HYPH 20467 1690 50 brown brown JJ 20467 1690 51 , , , 20467 1690 52 minutely minutely RB 20467 1690 53 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1690 54 , , , 20467 1690 55 with with IN 20467 1690 56 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1690 57 small small JJ 20467 1690 58 , , , 20467 1690 59 roundish roundish JJ 20467 1690 60 , , , 20467 1690 61 raised raise VBN 20467 1690 62 dots dot NNS 20467 1690 63 . . . 20467 1691 1 = = NFP 20467 1691 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1691 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1691 4 and and CC 20467 1691 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1691 6 brown brown NNP 20467 1691 7 , , , 20467 1691 8 1/16 1/16 CD 20467 1691 9 to to TO 20467 1691 10 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 1691 11 inch inch NN 20467 1691 12 long long JJ 20467 1691 13 , , , 20467 1691 14 conical conical JJ 20467 1691 15 , , , 20467 1691 16 scattered scatter VBN 20467 1691 17 along along IN 20467 1691 18 the the DT 20467 1691 19 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1691 20 and and CC 20467 1691 21 clustered cluster VBN 20467 1691 22 at at IN 20467 1691 23 the the DT 20467 1691 24 enlarged enlarged JJ 20467 1691 25 tips tip NNS 20467 1691 26 . . . 20467 1692 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1692 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1692 3 , , , 20467 1692 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1692 5 , , , 20467 1692 6 6 6 CD 20467 1692 7 - - SYM 20467 1692 8 9 9 CD 20467 1692 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1692 10 long long JJ 20467 1692 11 , , , 20467 1692 12 3 3 CD 20467 1692 13 - - SYM 20467 1692 14 4 4 CD 20467 1692 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1692 16 broad broad JJ 20467 1692 17 , , , 20467 1692 18 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1692 19 and and CC 20467 1692 20 dark dark JJ 20467 1692 21 green green NN 20467 1692 22 above above RB 20467 1692 23 , , , 20467 1692 24 lighter light JJR 20467 1692 25 and and CC 20467 1692 26 downy downy NN 20467 1692 27 beneath beneath RB 20467 1692 28 ; ; : 20467 1692 29 outline outline NNP 20467 1692 30 obovate obovate NNP 20467 1692 31 to to IN 20467 1692 32 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1692 33 , , , 20467 1692 34 varying vary VBG 20467 1692 35 from from IN 20467 1692 36 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1692 37 and and CC 20467 1692 38 deeply deeply RB 20467 1692 39 sinuate sinuate NN 20467 1692 40 - - HYPH 20467 1692 41 lobed lobed JJ 20467 1692 42 , , , 20467 1692 43 especially especially RB 20467 1692 44 near near IN 20467 1692 45 the the DT 20467 1692 46 center center NN 20467 1692 47 , , , 20467 1692 48 to to IN 20467 1692 49 nearly nearly RB 20467 1692 50 entire entire JJ 20467 1692 51 , , , 20467 1692 52 base base JJ 20467 1692 53 wedge wedge NN 20467 1692 54 - - HYPH 20467 1692 55 shaped shape VBN 20467 1692 56 ; ; : 20467 1692 57 stalk stalk VB 20467 1692 58 short short JJ 20467 1692 59 ; ; : 20467 1692 60 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1692 61 linear linear NNP 20467 1692 62 , , , 20467 1692 63 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1692 64 . . . 20467 1693 1 = = NFP 20467 1693 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1693 3 . . . 20467 1694 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1694 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1694 3 3 3 CD 20467 1694 4 - - SYM 20467 1694 5 5 5 CD 20467 1694 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1694 7 long long JJ 20467 1694 8 ; ; : 20467 1694 9 calyx calyx VB 20467 1694 10 mostly mostly RB 20467 1694 11 5-parted 5-parted CD 20467 1694 12 , , , 20467 1694 13 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1694 14 - - HYPH 20467 1694 15 green green JJ 20467 1694 16 ; ; : 20467 1694 17 divisions division NNS 20467 1694 18 linear linear NN 20467 1694 19 - - HYPH 20467 1694 20 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1694 21 , , , 20467 1694 22 more more RBR 20467 1694 23 or or CC 20467 1694 24 less less RBR 20467 1694 25 persistent persistent JJ 20467 1694 26 ; ; : 20467 1694 27 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1694 28 10 10 CD 20467 1694 29 ; ; : 20467 1694 30 anthers anther NNS 20467 1694 31 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1694 32 , , , 20467 1694 33 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1694 34 : : : 20467 1694 35 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1694 36 flowers flower NNS 20467 1694 37 sessile sessile NN 20467 1694 38 or or CC 20467 1694 39 short short JJ 20467 1694 40 - - HYPH 20467 1694 41 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 1694 42 ; ; : 20467 1694 43 scales scale VBZ 20467 1694 44 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1694 45 ; ; : 20467 1694 46 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1694 47 red red JJ 20467 1694 48 . . . 20467 1695 1 = = NFP 20467 1695 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1695 3 the the DT 20467 1695 4 first first JJ 20467 1695 5 season season NN 20467 1695 6 ; ; : 20467 1695 7 extremely extremely RB 20467 1695 8 variable variable JJ 20467 1695 9 ; ; : 20467 1695 10 sessile sessile NN 20467 1695 11 or or CC 20467 1695 12 short short JJ 20467 1695 13 - - HYPH 20467 1695 14 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 1695 15 : : : 20467 1695 16 cup cup VB 20467 1695 17 top top RB 20467 1695 18 - - HYPH 20467 1695 19 shaped shape VBN 20467 1695 20 to to IN 20467 1695 21 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 1695 22 , , , 20467 1695 23 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 1695 24 - - HYPH 20467 1695 25 2 2 CD 20467 1695 26 inches inch NNS 20467 1695 27 in in IN 20467 1695 28 diameter diameter NN 20467 1695 29 , , , 20467 1695 30 with with IN 20467 1695 31 thick thick JJ 20467 1695 32 , , , 20467 1695 33 close close JJ 20467 1695 34 , , , 20467 1695 35 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1695 36 scales scale NNS 20467 1695 37 , , , 20467 1695 38 the the DT 20467 1695 39 upper upper JJ 20467 1695 40 row row NN 20467 1695 41 often often RB 20467 1695 42 terminating terminate VBG 20467 1695 43 in in IN 20467 1695 44 a a DT 20467 1695 45 profuse profuse NN 20467 1695 46 or or CC 20467 1695 47 sparing spare VBG 20467 1695 48 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1695 49 or or CC 20467 1695 50 leafy leafy NNP 20467 1695 51 fringe fringe NNP 20467 1695 52 : : : 20467 1695 53 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1695 54 ovoid ovoid NNP 20467 1695 55 , , , 20467 1695 56 often often RB 20467 1695 57 very very RB 20467 1695 58 large large JJ 20467 1695 59 , , , 20467 1695 60 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1695 61 sunk sink VBN 20467 1695 62 deeply deeply RB 20467 1695 63 and and CC 20467 1695 64 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1695 65 entirely entirely RB 20467 1695 66 in in IN 20467 1695 67 the the DT 20467 1695 68 cup cup NN 20467 1695 69 . . . 20467 1696 1 = = NFP 20467 1696 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1696 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1696 4 in in IN 20467 1696 5 New New NNP 20467 1696 6 England England NNP 20467 1696 7 ; ; : 20467 1696 8 in in IN 20467 1696 9 general general JJ 20467 1696 10 appearance appearance NN 20467 1696 11 resembling resemble VBG 20467 1696 12 the the DT 20467 1696 13 swamp swamp NNP 20467 1696 14 white white NNP 20467 1696 15 oak oak NN 20467 1696 16 , , , 20467 1696 17 but but CC 20467 1696 18 better well RBR 20467 1696 19 adapted adapt VBN 20467 1696 20 to to IN 20467 1696 21 upland upland NN 20467 1696 22 ; ; : 20467 1696 23 grows grow VBZ 20467 1696 24 rather rather RB 20467 1696 25 slowly slowly RB 20467 1696 26 in in IN 20467 1696 27 any any DT 20467 1696 28 good good JJ 20467 1696 29 , , , 20467 1696 30 well well RB 20467 1696 31 - - HYPH 20467 1696 32 drained drain VBN 20467 1696 33 soil soil NN 20467 1696 34 ; ; , 20467 1696 35 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1696 36 to to TO 20467 1696 37 transplant transplant VB 20467 1696 38 ; ; : 20467 1696 39 seldom seldom RB 20467 1696 40 disfigured disfigure VBN 20467 1696 41 by by IN 20467 1696 42 insects insect NNS 20467 1696 43 or or CC 20467 1696 44 disease disease NN 20467 1696 45 ; ; , 20467 1696 46 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1696 47 grown grow VBN 20467 1696 48 in in IN 20467 1696 49 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1696 50 . . . 20467 1697 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1697 2 from from IN 20467 1697 3 seed seed NN 20467 1697 4 . . . 20467 1698 1 A a DT 20467 1698 2 narrower narrower RBR 20467 1698 3 - - HYPH 20467 1698 4 leafed leaf VBN 20467 1698 5 form form NN 20467 1698 6 with with IN 20467 1698 7 small small JJ 20467 1698 8 acorns acorn NNS 20467 1698 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1698 10 var var NN 20467 1698 11 . . . 20467 1699 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1699 2 olivæformis olivæformis NNP 20467 1699 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1699 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1699 5 is be VBZ 20467 1699 6 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1699 7 offered offer VBN 20467 1699 8 . . . 20467 1700 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1700 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1700 3 : : : 20467 1700 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1700 5 XXXIX.--Quercus XXXIX.--Quercus NNP 20467 1700 6 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 20467 1700 7 . . . 20467 1700 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1701 1 1 1 LS 20467 1701 2 . . . 20467 1702 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1702 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1702 3 . . . 20467 1703 1 2 2 LS 20467 1703 2 . . . 20467 1704 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1704 2 branch branch NN 20467 1704 3 . . . 20467 1705 1 3 3 LS 20467 1705 2 . . . 20467 1706 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1706 2 flower flower NN 20467 1706 3 , , , 20467 1706 4 back back JJ 20467 1706 5 view view NN 20467 1706 6 . . . 20467 1707 1 4 4 LS 20467 1707 2 . . . 20467 1708 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1708 2 flower flower NN 20467 1708 3 , , , 20467 1708 4 front front JJ 20467 1708 5 view view NN 20467 1708 6 . . . 20467 1709 1 5 5 CD 20467 1709 2 . . . 20467 1710 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1710 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1710 3 . . . 20467 1711 1 6 6 CD 20467 1711 2 . . . 20467 1712 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1712 2 branch branch NN 20467 1712 3 . . . 20467 1713 1 = = NFP 20467 1713 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1713 3 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 1713 4 , , , 20467 1713 5 Willd.= Willd.= NNP 20467 1713 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1713 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1713 8 platanoides platanoide VBZ 20467 1713 9 , , , 20467 1713 10 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 1713 11 . . . 20467 1713 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1713 13 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 1713 14 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1713 15 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1713 16 . . . 20467 1714 1 = = NFP 20467 1714 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1714 3 and and CC 20467 1714 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1714 5 deep deep JJ 20467 1714 6 , , , 20467 1714 7 rich rich JJ 20467 1714 8 soil soil NN 20467 1714 9 ; ; , 20467 1714 10 low low JJ 20467 1714 11 , , , 20467 1714 12 moist moist JJ 20467 1714 13 , , , 20467 1714 14 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1714 15 grounds ground NNS 20467 1714 16 , , , 20467 1714 17 bordering border VBG 20467 1714 18 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1714 19 and and CC 20467 1714 20 along along IN 20467 1714 21 streams stream NNS 20467 1714 22 . . . 20467 1715 1 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 1715 2 to to IN 20467 1715 3 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1715 4 , , , 20467 1715 5 where where WRB 20467 1715 6 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1715 7 is be VBZ 20467 1715 8 known know VBN 20467 1715 9 as as IN 20467 1715 10 the the DT 20467 1715 11 blue blue NNP 20467 1715 12 oak oak NNP 20467 1715 13 . . . 20467 1716 1 Maine,--York Maine,--York NNP 20467 1716 2 county county NNP 20467 1716 3 ; ; : 20467 1716 4 New New NNP 20467 1716 5 Hampshire,--Merrimac Hampshire,--Merrimac NNP 20467 1716 6 valley valley NN 20467 1716 7 as as RB 20467 1716 8 far far RB 20467 1716 9 as as IN 20467 1716 10 the the DT 20467 1716 11 mouth mouth NN 20467 1716 12 of of IN 20467 1716 13 the the DT 20467 1716 14 Souhegan Souhegan NNP 20467 1716 15 , , , 20467 1716 16 and and CC 20467 1716 17 probably probably RB 20467 1716 18 throughout throughout IN 20467 1716 19 Rockingham Rockingham NNP 20467 1716 20 county county NN 20467 1716 21 ; ; : 20467 1716 22 Vermont,--low Vermont,--low NNP 20467 1716 23 grounds ground NNS 20467 1716 24 about about IN 20467 1716 25 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1716 26 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 1716 27 ; ; : 20467 1716 28 Massachusetts,--frequent Massachusetts,--frequent NNP 20467 1716 29 in in IN 20467 1716 30 the the DT 20467 1716 31 western western JJ 20467 1716 32 and and CC 20467 1716 33 central central JJ 20467 1716 34 sections section NNS 20467 1716 35 , , , 20467 1716 36 common common JJ 20467 1716 37 eastward eastward RB 20467 1716 38 ; ; : 20467 1716 39 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1716 40 Island Island NNP 20467 1716 41 and and CC 20467 1716 42 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1716 43 . . . 20467 1717 1 South South NNP 20467 1717 2 to to IN 20467 1717 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1717 4 and and CC 20467 1717 5 along along IN 20467 1717 6 the the DT 20467 1717 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1717 8 to to IN 20467 1717 9 northern northern JJ 20467 1717 10 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 1717 11 ; ; : 20467 1717 12 west west NN 20467 1717 13 to to IN 20467 1717 14 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1717 15 , , , 20467 1717 16 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 1717 17 , , , 20467 1717 18 east east NN 20467 1717 19 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1717 20 , , , 20467 1717 21 and and CC 20467 1717 22 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 1717 23 . . . 20467 1718 1 = = NFP 20467 1718 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1718 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1718 4 - - HYPH 20467 1718 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1718 6 tree tree NN 20467 1718 7 , , , 20467 1718 8 40 40 CD 20467 1718 9 - - SYM 20467 1718 10 60 60 CD 20467 1718 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1718 12 high high JJ 20467 1718 13 , , , 20467 1718 14 with with IN 20467 1718 15 a a DT 20467 1718 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 1718 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 1718 18 of of IN 20467 1718 19 2 2 CD 20467 1718 20 - - SYM 20467 1718 21 3 3 CD 20467 1718 22 feet foot NNS 20467 1718 23 ; ; , 20467 1718 24 attaining attain VBG 20467 1718 25 southward southward RB 20467 1718 26 of of IN 20467 1718 27 the the DT 20467 1718 28 Great Great NNP 20467 1718 29 Lakes Lakes NNPS 20467 1718 30 and and CC 20467 1718 31 in in IN 20467 1718 32 the the DT 20467 1718 33 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1718 34 basin basin NN 20467 1718 35 much much RB 20467 1718 36 greater great JJR 20467 1718 37 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1718 38 ; ; : 20467 1718 39 roughest rough JJS 20467 1718 40 of of IN 20467 1718 41 all all PDT 20467 1718 42 the the DT 20467 1718 43 oaks oak NNS 20467 1718 44 , , , 20467 1718 45 except except IN 20467 1718 46 the the DT 20467 1718 47 bur bur NN 20467 1718 48 oak oak NN 20467 1718 49 , , , 20467 1718 50 in in IN 20467 1718 51 general general JJ 20467 1718 52 aspect aspect NN 20467 1718 53 ; ; : 20467 1718 54 trunk trunk NN 20467 1718 55 erect erect NN 20467 1718 56 , , , 20467 1718 57 continuous continuous JJ 20467 1718 58 , , , 20467 1718 59 in in IN 20467 1718 60 young young JJ 20467 1718 61 trees tree NNS 20467 1718 62 often often RB 20467 1718 63 beset beset VBP 20467 1718 64 at at IN 20467 1718 65 point point NN 20467 1718 66 of of IN 20467 1718 67 branching branch VBG 20467 1718 68 with with IN 20467 1718 69 down down RB 20467 1718 70 - - HYPH 20467 1718 71 growing grow VBG 20467 1718 72 , , , 20467 1718 73 scraggly scraggly RB 20467 1718 74 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1718 75 , , , 20467 1718 76 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 1718 77 by by IN 20467 1718 78 a a DT 20467 1718 79 rather rather RB 20467 1718 80 regular regular JJ 20467 1718 81 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 1718 82 head head NN 20467 1718 83 , , , 20467 1718 84 the the DT 20467 1718 85 lower low JJR 20467 1718 86 branches branch NNS 20467 1718 87 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1718 88 or or CC 20467 1718 89 declining decline VBG 20467 1718 90 , , , 20467 1718 91 often often RB 20467 1718 92 descending descend VBG 20467 1718 93 to to IN 20467 1718 94 the the DT 20467 1718 95 ground ground NN 20467 1718 96 , , , 20467 1718 97 with with IN 20467 1718 98 a a DT 20467 1718 99 short short JJ 20467 1718 100 , , , 20467 1718 101 stiff stiff JJ 20467 1718 102 , , , 20467 1718 103 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1718 104 , , , 20467 1718 105 and and CC 20467 1718 106 bushy bushy NNP 20467 1718 107 spray spray NN 20467 1718 108 ; ; : 20467 1718 109 smaller small JJR 20467 1718 110 twigs twig VBZ 20467 1718 111 ridgy ridgy RB 20467 1718 112 , , , 20467 1718 113 widening widen VBG 20467 1718 114 beneath beneath IN 20467 1718 115 buds bud NNS 20467 1718 116 ; ; : 20467 1718 117 foliage foliage VB 20467 1718 118 a a DT 20467 1718 119 dark dark JJ 20467 1718 120 shining shining NN 20467 1718 121 green green NN 20467 1718 122 ; ; : 20467 1718 123 heads head NNS 20467 1718 124 of of IN 20467 1718 125 large large JJ 20467 1718 126 trees tree NNS 20467 1718 127 less less RBR 20467 1718 128 regular regular JJ 20467 1718 129 , , , 20467 1718 130 rather rather RB 20467 1718 131 open open JJ 20467 1718 132 , , , 20467 1718 133 with with IN 20467 1718 134 a a DT 20467 1718 135 general general JJ 20467 1718 136 resemblance resemblance NN 20467 1718 137 to to IN 20467 1718 138 the the DT 20467 1718 139 head head NN 20467 1718 140 of of IN 20467 1718 141 the the DT 20467 1718 142 white white NNP 20467 1718 143 oak oak NNP 20467 1718 144 , , , 20467 1718 145 but but CC 20467 1718 146 narrower narrow JJR 20467 1718 147 at at IN 20467 1718 148 the the DT 20467 1718 149 base base NN 20467 1718 150 , , , 20467 1718 151 with with IN 20467 1718 152 less less RBR 20467 1718 153 contorted contorted JJ 20467 1718 154 limbs limb NNS 20467 1718 155 . . . 20467 1719 1 = = NFP 20467 1719 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1719 3 of of IN 20467 1719 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1719 5 and and CC 20467 1719 6 larger large JJR 20467 1719 7 branches branch NNS 20467 1719 8 thick thick JJ 20467 1719 9 , , , 20467 1719 10 dark dark JJ 20467 1719 11 grayish grayish NN 20467 1719 12 - - HYPH 20467 1719 13 brown brown JJ 20467 1719 14 , , , 20467 1719 15 longitudinally longitudinally RB 20467 1719 16 striate striate JJ 20467 1719 17 , , , 20467 1719 18 with with IN 20467 1719 19 flaky flaky JJ 20467 1719 20 scales scale NNS 20467 1719 21 ; ; : 20467 1719 22 bark bark NN 20467 1719 23 of of IN 20467 1719 24 young young JJ 20467 1719 25 stems stem NNS 20467 1719 26 , , , 20467 1719 27 branches branch NNS 20467 1719 28 , , , 20467 1719 29 and and CC 20467 1719 30 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1719 31 darker darker RB 20467 1719 32 , , , 20467 1719 33 separating separate VBG 20467 1719 34 in in IN 20467 1719 35 loose loose JJ 20467 1719 36 scales scale NNS 20467 1719 37 which which WDT 20467 1719 38 curl curl VBP 20467 1719 39 back back RB 20467 1719 40 , , , 20467 1719 41 giving give VBG 20467 1719 42 the the DT 20467 1719 43 tree tree NN 20467 1719 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1719 45 shaggy shaggy JJ 20467 1719 46 aspect aspect NN 20467 1719 47 ; ; : 20467 1719 48 season season NN 20467 1719 49 's 's POS 20467 1719 50 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1719 51 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1719 52 - - HYPH 20467 1719 53 green green JJ 20467 1719 54 . . . 20467 1720 1 = = NFP 20467 1720 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1720 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1720 4 and and CC 20467 1720 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1720 6 brown brown NNP 20467 1720 7 , , , 20467 1720 8 roundish roundish NN 20467 1720 9 - - HYPH 20467 1720 10 ovate ovate NN 20467 1720 11 , , , 20467 1720 12 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1720 13 . . . 20467 1721 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1721 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1721 3 , , , 20467 1721 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1721 5 , , , 20467 1721 6 3 3 CD 20467 1721 7 - - SYM 20467 1721 8 8 8 CD 20467 1721 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1721 10 long long JJ 20467 1721 11 , , , 20467 1721 12 2 2 CD 20467 1721 13 - - SYM 20467 1721 14 4 4 CD 20467 1721 15 wide wide JJ 20467 1721 16 , , , 20467 1721 17 downy downy JJ 20467 1721 18 on on IN 20467 1721 19 both both DT 20467 1721 20 sides side NNS 20467 1721 21 when when WRB 20467 1721 22 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 1721 23 , , , 20467 1721 24 at at IN 20467 1721 25 maturity maturity NN 20467 1721 26 thick thick JJ 20467 1721 27 and and CC 20467 1721 28 firm firm JJ 20467 1721 29 , , , 20467 1721 30 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1721 31 and and CC 20467 1721 32 dark dark JJ 20467 1721 33 shining shining NN 20467 1721 34 green green NN 20467 1721 35 above above RB 20467 1721 36 , , , 20467 1721 37 slightly slightly RB 20467 1721 38 to to TO 20467 1721 39 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 1721 40 whitish whitish VB 20467 1721 41 - - HYPH 20467 1721 42 downy downy JJ 20467 1721 43 beneath beneath NN 20467 1721 44 , , , 20467 1721 45 in in IN 20467 1721 46 autumn autumn NN 20467 1721 47 brownish brownish NN 20467 1721 48 - - HYPH 20467 1721 49 yellow yellow NNP 20467 1721 50 ; ; : 20467 1721 51 obovate obovate RB 20467 1721 52 , , , 20467 1721 53 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1721 54 and and CC 20467 1721 55 deeply deeply RB 20467 1721 56 crenate crenate JJ 20467 1721 57 or or CC 20467 1721 58 obtusely obtusely RB 20467 1721 59 shallow shallow JJ 20467 1721 60 - - HYPH 20467 1721 61 lobed lobed JJ 20467 1721 62 , , , 20467 1721 63 when when WRB 20467 1721 64 opening open VBG 20467 1721 65 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1721 66 pointed point VBD 20467 1721 67 and and CC 20467 1721 68 tapering taper VBG 20467 1721 69 to to IN 20467 1721 70 a a DT 20467 1721 71 wedge wedge NN 20467 1721 72 - - HYPH 20467 1721 73 shaped shape VBN 20467 1721 74 base base NN 20467 1721 75 , , , 20467 1721 76 often often RB 20467 1721 77 constricted constrict VBD 20467 1721 78 near near IN 20467 1721 79 the the DT 20467 1721 80 center center NN 20467 1721 81 ; ; : 20467 1721 82 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1721 83 short short JJ 20467 1721 84 ; ; : 20467 1721 85 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1721 86 linear linear NNP 20467 1721 87 , , , 20467 1721 88 soon soon RB 20467 1721 89 falling fall VBG 20467 1721 90 . . . 20467 1722 1 = = NFP 20467 1722 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1722 3 . . . 20467 1723 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1723 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1723 3 2 2 CD 20467 1723 4 - - SYM 20467 1723 5 3 3 CD 20467 1723 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1723 7 long long JJ 20467 1723 8 , , , 20467 1723 9 thread thread NN 20467 1723 10 hairy hairy NNP 20467 1723 11 ; ; : 20467 1723 12 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1723 13 deeply deeply RB 20467 1723 14 3 3 CD 20467 1723 15 - - SYM 20467 1723 16 7-parted 7-parted CD 20467 1723 17 , , , 20467 1723 18 pale pale JJ 20467 1723 19 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1723 20 , , , 20467 1723 21 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1723 22 ; ; , 20467 1723 23 stamens stamens NNP 20467 1723 24 5 5 CD 20467 1723 25 - - SYM 20467 1723 26 8 8 CD 20467 1723 27 ; ; : 20467 1723 28 anthers anther NNS 20467 1723 29 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1723 30 , , , 20467 1723 31 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1723 32 : : : 20467 1723 33 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1723 34 flowers flower NNS 20467 1723 35 tomentose tomentose RB 20467 1723 36 , , , 20467 1723 37 on on IN 20467 1723 38 rather rather RB 20467 1723 39 long long JJ 20467 1723 40 , , , 20467 1723 41 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1723 42 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 1723 43 ; ; : 20467 1723 44 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1723 45 red red JJ 20467 1723 46 . . . 20467 1724 1 = = LS 20467 1724 2 Fruit.=--Variable fruit.=--variable JJ 20467 1724 3 , , , 20467 1724 4 on on IN 20467 1724 5 stems stems NNP 20467 1724 6 1 1 CD 20467 1724 7 - - SYM 20467 1724 8 3 3 CD 20467 1724 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1724 10 long long JJ 20467 1724 11 , , , 20467 1724 12 maturing mature VBG 20467 1724 13 the the DT 20467 1724 14 first first JJ 20467 1724 15 season season NN 20467 1724 16 , , , 20467 1724 17 single single JJ 20467 1724 18 or or CC 20467 1724 19 frequently frequently RB 20467 1724 20 in in IN 20467 1724 21 twos two NNS 20467 1724 22 : : : 20467 1724 23 cup cup NNP 20467 1724 24 rounded round VBD 20467 1724 25 , , , 20467 1724 26 rather rather RB 20467 1724 27 thin thin JJ 20467 1724 28 , , , 20467 1724 29 deep deep JJ 20467 1724 30 , , , 20467 1724 31 rough rough JJ 20467 1724 32 to to IN 20467 1724 33 mossy mossy NN 20467 1724 34 , , , 20467 1724 35 often often RB 20467 1724 36 with with IN 20467 1724 37 fringed fringed JJ 20467 1724 38 margins margin NNS 20467 1724 39 : : : 20467 1724 40 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1724 41 about about RB 20467 1724 42 1 1 CD 20467 1724 43 inch inch NN 20467 1724 44 long long JJ 20467 1724 45 , , , 20467 1724 46 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1724 47 - - HYPH 20467 1724 48 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1724 49 , , , 20467 1724 50 more more RBR 20467 1724 51 or or CC 20467 1724 52 less less RBR 20467 1724 53 tapering taper VBG 20467 1724 54 : : : 20467 1724 55 meat meat NN 20467 1724 56 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1724 57 , , , 20467 1724 58 edible edible JJ 20467 1724 59 . . . 20467 1725 1 = = NFP 20467 1725 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1725 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1725 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1725 5 New New NNP 20467 1725 6 England England NNP 20467 1725 7 ; ; : 20467 1725 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1725 9 in in IN 20467 1725 10 any any DT 20467 1725 11 good good JJ 20467 1725 12 soil soil NN 20467 1725 13 , , , 20467 1725 14 wet wet JJ 20467 1725 15 or or CC 20467 1725 16 dry dry JJ 20467 1725 17 , , , 20467 1725 18 but but CC 20467 1725 19 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1725 20 a a DT 20467 1725 21 position position NN 20467 1725 22 on on IN 20467 1725 23 the the DT 20467 1725 24 edge edge NN 20467 1725 25 of of IN 20467 1725 26 moist moist NN 20467 1725 27 or or CC 20467 1725 28 boggy boggy NNP 20467 1725 29 land land NN 20467 1725 30 , , , 20467 1725 31 where where WRB 20467 1725 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1725 33 roots root NNS 20467 1725 34 can can MD 20467 1725 35 find find VB 20467 1725 36 a a DT 20467 1725 37 constant constant JJ 20467 1725 38 supply supply NN 20467 1725 39 of of IN 20467 1725 40 water water NN 20467 1725 41 ; ; : 20467 1725 42 growth growth NN 20467 1725 43 fairly fairly RB 20467 1725 44 rapid rapid RB 20467 1725 45 ; ; : 20467 1725 46 seldom seldom RB 20467 1725 47 affected affect VBN 20467 1725 48 by by IN 20467 1725 49 insects insect NNS 20467 1725 50 or or CC 20467 1725 51 disease disease NN 20467 1725 52 ; ; , 20467 1725 53 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1725 54 offered offer VBN 20467 1725 55 by by IN 20467 1725 56 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1725 57 and and CC 20467 1725 58 rather rather RB 20467 1725 59 less less RBR 20467 1725 60 difficult difficult JJ 20467 1725 61 to to TO 20467 1725 62 transplant transplant VB 20467 1725 63 than than IN 20467 1725 64 most most JJS 20467 1725 65 of of IN 20467 1725 66 the the DT 20467 1725 67 oaks oak NNS 20467 1725 68 . . . 20467 1726 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1726 2 sturdy sturdy JJ 20467 1726 3 , , , 20467 1726 4 rugged rugged JJ 20467 1726 5 habit habit NN 20467 1726 6 and and CC 20467 1726 7 rich rich JJ 20467 1726 8 dark dark JJ 20467 1726 9 green green JJ 20467 1726 10 foliage foliage NN 20467 1726 11 make make VBP 20467 1726 12 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1726 13 a a DT 20467 1726 14 valuable valuable JJ 20467 1726 15 tree tree NN 20467 1726 16 for for IN 20467 1726 17 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 1726 18 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1726 19 or or CC 20467 1726 20 even even RB 20467 1726 21 for for IN 20467 1726 22 streets street NNS 20467 1726 23 . . . 20467 1727 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1727 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1727 3 : : : 20467 1727 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1727 5 XL.--Quercus XL.--Quercus NNP 20467 1727 6 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 1727 7 . . . 20467 1727 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1728 1 1 1 LS 20467 1728 2 . . . 20467 1729 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1729 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1729 3 . . . 20467 1730 1 2 2 LS 20467 1730 2 . . . 20467 1731 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1731 2 branch branch NN 20467 1731 3 . . . 20467 1732 1 3 3 LS 20467 1732 2 . . . 20467 1733 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1733 2 flower flower NN 20467 1733 3 , , , 20467 1733 4 side side NN 20467 1733 5 view view NN 20467 1733 6 . . . 20467 1734 1 4 4 LS 20467 1734 2 . . . 20467 1735 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1735 2 flower flower NN 20467 1735 3 , , , 20467 1735 4 front front JJ 20467 1735 5 view view NN 20467 1735 6 . . . 20467 1736 1 5 5 CD 20467 1736 2 . . . 20467 1737 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1737 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1737 3 . . . 20467 1738 1 6 6 CD 20467 1738 2 . . . 20467 1739 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1739 2 branch branch NN 20467 1739 3 . . . 20467 1740 1 = = NFP 20467 1740 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1740 3 Prinus Prinus NNP 20467 1740 4 , , , 20467 1740 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 1740 6 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNS 20467 1740 7 OAK oak NN 20467 1740 8 . . . 20467 1741 1 ROCK ROCK NNP 20467 1741 2 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNS 20467 1741 3 OAK oak NN 20467 1741 4 . . . 20467 1742 1 = = NFP 20467 1742 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1742 3 and and CC 20467 1742 4 Range.=--Woods range.=--wood NNS 20467 1742 5 , , , 20467 1742 6 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1742 7 banks bank NNS 20467 1742 8 , , , 20467 1742 9 hill hill NN 20467 1742 10 slopes slope NNS 20467 1742 11 . . . 20467 1743 1 Along along IN 20467 1743 2 the the DT 20467 1743 3 Canadian canadian JJ 20467 1743 4 shore shore NN 20467 1743 5 of of IN 20467 1743 6 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1743 7 Erie Erie NNP 20467 1743 8 . . . 20467 1744 1 Maine,--Saco Maine,--Saco NNP 20467 1744 2 river river NNP 20467 1744 3 and and CC 20467 1744 4 Mt. Mount NNP 20467 1745 1 Agamenticus Agamenticus NNP 20467 1745 2 , , , 20467 1745 3 near near IN 20467 1745 4 the the DT 20467 1745 5 southern southern JJ 20467 1745 6 coast coast NN 20467 1745 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1745 8 York York NNP 20467 1745 9 county county NN 20467 1745 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1745 11 ; ; : 20467 1745 12 New new JJ 20467 1745 13 Hampshire,--belts hampshire,--belts NN 20467 1745 14 or or CC 20467 1745 15 patches patch NNS 20467 1745 16 in in IN 20467 1745 17 the the DT 20467 1745 18 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1745 19 part part NN 20467 1745 20 of of IN 20467 1745 21 the the DT 20467 1745 22 state state NN 20467 1745 23 and and CC 20467 1745 24 along along IN 20467 1745 25 the the DT 20467 1745 26 southern southern JJ 20467 1745 27 border border NN 20467 1745 28 , , , 20467 1745 29 Hinsdale Hinsdale NNP 20467 1745 30 , , , 20467 1745 31 Winchester Winchester NNP 20467 1745 32 , , , 20467 1745 33 Brookline Brookline NNP 20467 1745 34 , , , 20467 1745 35 Manchester Manchester NNP 20467 1745 36 , , , 20467 1745 37 Hudson Hudson NNP 20467 1745 38 ; ; : 20467 1745 39 Vermont,--western vermont,--western JJ 20467 1745 40 part part NN 20467 1745 41 of of IN 20467 1745 42 the the DT 20467 1745 43 state state NN 20467 1745 44 throughout throughout RB 20467 1745 45 , , , 20467 1745 46 not not RB 20467 1745 47 common common JJ 20467 1745 48 ; ; : 20467 1745 49 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1745 50 at at IN 20467 1745 51 Smoke Smoke NNP 20467 1745 52 mountain mountain NN 20467 1745 53 at at IN 20467 1745 54 an an DT 20467 1745 55 altitude altitude NN 20467 1745 56 of of IN 20467 1745 57 1300 1300 CD 20467 1745 58 feet foot NNS 20467 1745 59 , , , 20467 1745 60 and and CC 20467 1745 61 along along IN 20467 1745 62 the the DT 20467 1745 63 western western JJ 20467 1745 64 flank flank NN 20467 1745 65 of of IN 20467 1745 66 the the DT 20467 1745 67 Green green JJ 20467 1745 68 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1745 69 , , , 20467 1745 70 at at IN 20467 1745 71 least least JJS 20467 1745 72 in in IN 20467 1745 73 Addison Addison NNP 20467 1745 74 county county NN 20467 1745 75 ; ; : 20467 1745 76 Massachusetts,--eastern massachusetts,--eastern NN 20467 1745 77 sections section NNS 20467 1745 78 , , , 20467 1745 79 Sterling Sterling NNP 20467 1745 80 , , , 20467 1745 81 Lancaster Lancaster NNP 20467 1745 82 , , , 20467 1745 83 Russell Russell NNP 20467 1745 84 , , , 20467 1745 85 Middleboro Middleboro NNP 20467 1745 86 , , , 20467 1745 87 rare rare JJ 20467 1745 88 in in IN 20467 1745 89 Medford Medford NNP 20467 1745 90 and and CC 20467 1745 91 Sudbury Sudbury NNP 20467 1745 92 , , , 20467 1745 93 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1745 94 on on IN 20467 1745 95 the the DT 20467 1745 96 Blue blue JJ 20467 1745 97 hills hill NNS 20467 1745 98 ; ; : 20467 1745 99 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1745 100 Island,--locally island,--locally RB 20467 1745 101 common common JJ 20467 1745 102 ; ; : 20467 1745 103 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1745 104 . . . 20467 1746 1 South South NNP 20467 1746 2 to to IN 20467 1746 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1746 4 and and CC 20467 1746 5 along along IN 20467 1746 6 the the DT 20467 1746 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1746 8 to to IN 20467 1746 9 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 1746 10 , , , 20467 1746 11 extending extend VBG 20467 1746 12 nearly nearly RB 20467 1746 13 to to IN 20467 1746 14 the the DT 20467 1746 15 summit summit NN 20467 1746 16 of of IN 20467 1746 17 Mt. Mount NNP 20467 1747 1 Pisgah Pisgah NNP 20467 1747 2 in in IN 20467 1747 3 North North NNP 20467 1747 4 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 1747 5 ; ; : 20467 1747 6 west west NN 20467 1747 7 to to IN 20467 1747 8 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 1747 9 , , , 20467 1747 10 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 1747 11 , , , 20467 1747 12 and and CC 20467 1747 13 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 1747 14 . . . 20467 1748 1 = = NFP 20467 1748 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 1748 3 small small JJ 20467 1748 4 or or CC 20467 1748 5 medium medium JJ 20467 1748 6 - - HYPH 20467 1748 7 sized sized JJ 20467 1748 8 tree tree NN 20467 1748 9 , , , 20467 1748 10 25 25 CD 20467 1748 11 - - SYM 20467 1748 12 50 50 CD 20467 1748 13 feet foot NNS 20467 1748 14 high high JJ 20467 1748 15 , , , 20467 1748 16 with with IN 20467 1748 17 a a DT 20467 1748 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 1748 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 1748 20 of of IN 20467 1748 21 1 1 CD 20467 1748 22 - - HYPH 20467 1748 23 2 2 CD 20467 1748 24 - - HYPH 20467 1748 25 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1748 26 feet foot NNS 20467 1748 27 , , , 20467 1748 28 assuming assume VBG 20467 1748 29 noble noble JJ 20467 1748 30 proportions proportion NNS 20467 1748 31 southward southward RB 20467 1748 32 , , , 20467 1748 33 often often RB 20467 1748 34 reaching reach VBG 20467 1748 35 a a DT 20467 1748 36 height height NN 20467 1748 37 of of IN 20467 1748 38 75 75 CD 20467 1748 39 - - SYM 20467 1748 40 100 100 CD 20467 1748 41 feet foot NNS 20467 1748 42 and and CC 20467 1748 43 trunk trunk NN 20467 1748 44 diameter diameter NN 20467 1748 45 of of IN 20467 1748 46 5 5 CD 20467 1748 47 - - SYM 20467 1748 48 6 6 CD 20467 1748 49 feet foot NNS 20467 1748 50 ; ; , 20467 1748 51 trunk trunk NN 20467 1748 52 tall tall JJ 20467 1748 53 , , , 20467 1748 54 straight straight JJ 20467 1748 55 , , , 20467 1748 56 continuous continuous JJ 20467 1748 57 to to IN 20467 1748 58 the the DT 20467 1748 59 top top NN 20467 1748 60 of of IN 20467 1748 61 the the DT 20467 1748 62 tree tree NN 20467 1748 63 , , , 20467 1748 64 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 1748 65 tapering taper VBG 20467 1748 66 to to IN 20467 1748 67 the the DT 20467 1748 68 point point NN 20467 1748 69 of of IN 20467 1748 70 ramification ramification NN 20467 1748 71 , , , 20467 1748 72 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 1748 73 by by IN 20467 1748 74 a a DT 20467 1748 75 spacious spacious JJ 20467 1748 76 , , , 20467 1748 77 open open JJ 20467 1748 78 head head NN 20467 1748 79 . . . 20467 1749 1 = = NFP 20467 1749 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1749 3 of of IN 20467 1749 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1749 5 and and CC 20467 1749 6 large large JJ 20467 1749 7 branches branch NNS 20467 1749 8 deep deep JJ 20467 1749 9 gray gray NN 20467 1749 10 to to IN 20467 1749 11 dark dark JJ 20467 1749 12 brown brown NNP 20467 1749 13 or or CC 20467 1749 14 blackish blackish NN 20467 1749 15 , , , 20467 1749 16 in in IN 20467 1749 17 firm firm JJ 20467 1749 18 , , , 20467 1749 19 broad broad JJ 20467 1749 20 , , , 20467 1749 21 continuous continuous JJ 20467 1749 22 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1749 23 , , , 20467 1749 24 with with IN 20467 1749 25 small small JJ 20467 1749 26 , , , 20467 1749 27 close close JJ 20467 1749 28 surface surface NN 20467 1749 29 scales scale NNS 20467 1749 30 ; ; : 20467 1749 31 bark bark NN 20467 1749 32 of of IN 20467 1749 33 young young JJ 20467 1749 34 trees tree NNS 20467 1749 35 and and CC 20467 1749 36 of of IN 20467 1749 37 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1749 38 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1749 39 , , , 20467 1749 40 brown brown JJ 20467 1749 41 , , , 20467 1749 42 and and CC 20467 1749 43 more more RBR 20467 1749 44 or or CC 20467 1749 45 less less RBR 20467 1749 46 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 1749 47 ; ; : 20467 1749 48 season season NN 20467 1749 49 's 's POS 20467 1749 50 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1749 51 light light NNP 20467 1749 52 brown brown NNP 20467 1749 53 . . . 20467 1750 1 = = NFP 20467 1750 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1750 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1750 4 and and CC 20467 1750 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1750 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 1750 7 to to IN 20467 1750 8 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1750 9 , , , 20467 1750 10 mostly mostly RB 20467 1750 11 acute acute JJ 20467 1750 12 , , , 20467 1750 13 brownish brownish JJ 20467 1750 14 . . . 20467 1751 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1751 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1751 3 , , , 20467 1751 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1751 5 , , , 20467 1751 6 5 5 CD 20467 1751 7 - - SYM 20467 1751 8 8 8 CD 20467 1751 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1751 10 long long JJ 20467 1751 11 , , , 20467 1751 12 2 2 CD 20467 1751 13 - - SYM 20467 1751 14 5 5 CD 20467 1751 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1751 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1751 17 , , , 20467 1751 18 dark dark JJ 20467 1751 19 green green JJ 20467 1751 20 and and CC 20467 1751 21 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1751 22 above above RB 20467 1751 23 , , , 20467 1751 24 paler paler NN 20467 1751 25 and and CC 20467 1751 26 more more RBR 20467 1751 27 or or CC 20467 1751 28 less less RBR 20467 1751 29 downy downy JJ 20467 1751 30 beneath beneath RB 20467 1751 31 ; ; : 20467 1751 32 outline outline NNP 20467 1751 33 obovate obovate NNP 20467 1751 34 to to IN 20467 1751 35 oval oval NN 20467 1751 36 , , , 20467 1751 37 undulate undulate JJ 20467 1751 38 - - HYPH 20467 1751 39 crenate crenate NN 20467 1751 40 ; ; : 20467 1751 41 apex apex NNP 20467 1751 42 blunt blunt NNP 20467 1751 43 - - HYPH 20467 1751 44 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1751 45 ; ; : 20467 1751 46 base base NN 20467 1751 47 wedge wedge NN 20467 1751 48 - - HYPH 20467 1751 49 shaped shape VBN 20467 1751 50 , , , 20467 1751 51 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1751 52 or or CC 20467 1751 53 slightly slightly RB 20467 1751 54 rounded round VBN 20467 1751 55 , , , 20467 1751 56 often often RB 20467 1751 57 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1751 58 - - HYPH 20467 1751 59 sided sided JJ 20467 1751 60 ; ; : 20467 1751 61 veins vein NNS 20467 1751 62 straight straight JJ 20467 1751 63 , , , 20467 1751 64 parallel parallel JJ 20467 1751 65 , , , 20467 1751 66 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1751 67 beneath beneath NN 20467 1751 68 ; ; : 20467 1751 69 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1751 70 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1751 71 - - HYPH 20467 1751 72 1 1 CD 20467 1751 73 - - HYPH 20467 1751 74 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1751 75 inches inch NNS 20467 1751 76 long long RB 20467 1751 77 ; ; : 20467 1751 78 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1751 79 linear linear NNP 20467 1751 80 , , , 20467 1751 81 soon soon RB 20467 1751 82 falling fall VBG 20467 1751 83 . . . 20467 1752 1 = = NFP 20467 1752 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1752 3 . . . 20467 1753 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1753 2 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1753 3 2 2 CD 20467 1753 4 - - SYM 20467 1753 5 3 3 CD 20467 1753 6 inches inch NNS 20467 1753 7 long long JJ 20467 1753 8 ; ; : 20467 1753 9 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1753 10 5 5 CD 20467 1753 11 - - SYM 20467 1753 12 9-parted 9-parted CD 20467 1753 13 , , , 20467 1753 14 yellow yellow NN 20467 1753 15 , , , 20467 1753 16 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1753 17 ; ; : 20467 1753 18 divisions division NNS 20467 1753 19 oblong oblong NNP 20467 1753 20 , , , 20467 1753 21 densely densely RB 20467 1753 22 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1753 23 ; ; : 20467 1753 24 stamens stamens VB 20467 1753 25 5 5 CD 20467 1753 26 - - SYM 20467 1753 27 9 9 CD 20467 1753 28 ; ; : 20467 1753 29 anthers anther NNS 20467 1753 30 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1753 31 , , , 20467 1753 32 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1753 33 : : : 20467 1753 34 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1753 35 flowers flower NNS 20467 1753 36 with with IN 20467 1753 37 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1753 38 scales scale NNS 20467 1753 39 and and CC 20467 1753 40 dark dark JJ 20467 1753 41 red red JJ 20467 1753 42 stigmas stigma NNS 20467 1753 43 . . . 20467 1754 1 = = SYM 20467 1754 2 Fruit.=--Seldom Fruit.=--Seldom `` 20467 1754 3 abundant abundant NN 20467 1754 4 , , , 20467 1754 5 maturing mature VBG 20467 1754 6 the the DT 20467 1754 7 first first JJ 20467 1754 8 season season NN 20467 1754 9 , , , 20467 1754 10 variable variable JJ 20467 1754 11 in in IN 20467 1754 12 size size NN 20467 1754 13 , , , 20467 1754 14 on on IN 20467 1754 15 stems stem NNS 20467 1754 16 usually usually RB 20467 1754 17 equal equal JJ 20467 1754 18 to to IN 20467 1754 19 or or CC 20467 1754 20 shorter short JJR 20467 1754 21 than than IN 20467 1754 22 the the DT 20467 1754 23 leaf leaf NN 20467 1754 24 - - HYPH 20467 1754 25 stems stem VBZ 20467 1754 26 : : : 20467 1754 27 cup cup VB 20467 1754 28 thin thin JJ 20467 1754 29 , , , 20467 1754 30 hemispheric hemispheric JJ 20467 1754 31 or or CC 20467 1754 32 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1754 33 top top RB 20467 1754 34 - - HYPH 20467 1754 35 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1754 36 , , , 20467 1754 37 deep deep JJ 20467 1754 38 ; ; : 20467 1754 39 scales scale VBZ 20467 1754 40 small small JJ 20467 1754 41 , , , 20467 1754 42 knobby knobby NN 20467 1754 43 - - HYPH 20467 1754 44 thickened thicken VBN 20467 1754 45 at at IN 20467 1754 46 the the DT 20467 1754 47 base base NN 20467 1754 48 : : : 20467 1754 49 acorns acorns NNP 20467 1754 50 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 1754 51 - - HYPH 20467 1754 52 1 1 CD 20467 1754 53 - - HYPH 20467 1754 54 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1754 55 inches inch NNS 20467 1754 56 long long JJ 20467 1754 57 , , , 20467 1754 58 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1754 59 - - HYPH 20467 1754 60 conical conical JJ 20467 1754 61 , , , 20467 1754 62 sweet sweet JJ 20467 1754 63 . . . 20467 1755 1 = = NFP 20467 1755 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1755 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1755 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1755 5 New New NNP 20467 1755 6 England England NNP 20467 1755 7 ; ; : 20467 1755 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1755 9 a a DT 20467 1755 10 light light NN 20467 1755 11 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1755 12 or or CC 20467 1755 13 stony stony JJ 20467 1755 14 soil soil NN 20467 1755 15 ; ; : 20467 1755 16 rapid rapid RB 20467 1755 17 - - HYPH 20467 1755 18 growing grow VBG 20467 1755 19 and and CC 20467 1755 20 free free JJ 20467 1755 21 from from IN 20467 1755 22 disease disease NN 20467 1755 23 ; ; : 20467 1755 24 more more RBR 20467 1755 25 easily easily RB 20467 1755 26 and and CC 20467 1755 27 safely safely RB 20467 1755 28 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 1755 29 than than IN 20467 1755 30 most most JJS 20467 1755 31 oaks oak NNS 20467 1755 32 ; ; : 20467 1755 33 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1755 34 offered offer VBN 20467 1755 35 by by IN 20467 1755 36 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1755 37 , , , 20467 1755 38 who who WP 20467 1755 39 propagate propagate VBP 20467 1755 40 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1755 41 from from IN 20467 1755 42 the the DT 20467 1755 43 seed seed NN 20467 1755 44 . . . 20467 1756 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1756 2 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 1756 3 , , , 20467 1756 4 clean clean JJ 20467 1756 5 habit habit NN 20467 1756 6 of of IN 20467 1756 7 growth growth NN 20467 1756 8 and and CC 20467 1756 9 handsome handsome JJ 20467 1756 10 foliage foliage NN 20467 1756 11 should should MD 20467 1756 12 give give VB 20467 1756 13 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1756 14 a a DT 20467 1756 15 place place NN 20467 1756 16 in in IN 20467 1756 17 landscape landscape NN 20467 1756 18 gardening gardening NN 20467 1756 19 and and CC 20467 1756 20 street street NN 20467 1756 21 use use NN 20467 1756 22 . . . 20467 1757 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1757 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1757 3 : : : 20467 1757 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1757 5 XLI.--Quercus XLI.--Quercus NNP 20467 1757 6 Prinus Prinus NNP 20467 1757 7 . . . 20467 1757 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1758 1 1 1 LS 20467 1758 2 . . . 20467 1759 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1759 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1759 3 . . . 20467 1760 1 2 2 LS 20467 1760 2 . . . 20467 1761 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1761 2 branch branch NN 20467 1761 3 . . . 20467 1762 1 3 3 LS 20467 1762 2 . . . 20467 1763 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1763 2 flower flower NN 20467 1763 3 , , , 20467 1763 4 back back JJ 20467 1763 5 view view NN 20467 1763 6 . . . 20467 1764 1 4 4 LS 20467 1764 2 . . . 20467 1765 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1765 2 flower flower NN 20467 1765 3 , , , 20467 1765 4 front front JJ 20467 1765 5 view view NN 20467 1765 6 . . . 20467 1766 1 5 5 CD 20467 1766 2 . . . 20467 1767 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1767 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1767 3 . . . 20467 1768 1 6 6 CD 20467 1768 2 . . . 20467 1769 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1769 2 branch branch NN 20467 1769 3 . . . 20467 1770 1 7 7 LS 20467 1770 2 . . . 20467 1771 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 1771 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 1771 3 . . . 20467 1772 1 = = NFP 20467 1772 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1772 3 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 1772 4 , , , 20467 1772 5 Engelm.= Engelm.= NNP 20467 1772 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1772 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1772 8 acuminata acuminata NN 20467 1772 9 , , , 20467 1772 10 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 1772 11 . . . 20467 1772 12 _ _ NNP 20467 1772 13 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNP 20467 1772 14 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1772 15 . . . 20467 1773 1 = = NFP 20467 1773 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1773 3 and and CC 20467 1773 4 Range.=--Dry Range.=--Dry NNP 20467 1773 5 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 1773 6 , , , 20467 1773 7 limestone limestone NN 20467 1773 8 ridges ridge VBZ 20467 1773 9 , , , 20467 1773 10 rich rich JJ 20467 1773 11 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 1773 12 . . . 20467 1774 1 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1774 2 . . . 20467 1775 1 Vermont,--Gardner Vermont,--Gardner NNP 20467 1775 2 's 's POS 20467 1775 3 island island NN 20467 1775 4 , , , 20467 1775 5 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1775 6 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 1775 7 ; ; : 20467 1775 8 Ferrisburg Ferrisburg NNP 20467 1775 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1775 10 Pringle Pringle NNP 20467 1775 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1775 12 ; ; : 20467 1775 13 Connecticut,--frequent Connecticut,--frequent NNP 20467 1775 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1775 15 J. J. NNP 20467 1775 16 N. N. NNP 20467 1775 17 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 1775 18 , , , 20467 1775 19 1895 1895 CD 20467 1775 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1775 21 ; ; : 20467 1775 22 on on IN 20467 1775 23 the the DT 20467 1775 24 limestone limestone NN 20467 1775 25 formation formation NN 20467 1775 26 in in IN 20467 1775 27 the the DT 20467 1775 28 neighborhood neighborhood NN 20467 1775 29 of of IN 20467 1775 30 Kent Kent NNP 20467 1775 31 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1775 32 Litchfield Litchfield NNP 20467 1775 33 county county NN 20467 1775 34 , , , 20467 1775 35 C. C. NNP 20467 1775 36 K. K. NNP 20467 1775 37 Averill Averill NNP 20467 1775 38 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1775 39 ; ; : 20467 1775 40 often often RB 20467 1775 41 confounded confound VBN 20467 1775 42 by by IN 20467 1775 43 collectors collector NNS 20467 1775 44 with with IN 20467 1775 45 _ _ NNP 20467 1775 46 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1776 1 Prinus Prinus NNP 20467 1776 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1776 3 ; ; : 20467 1776 4 probably probably RB 20467 1776 5 there there EX 20467 1776 6 are be VBP 20467 1776 7 other other JJ 20467 1776 8 stations station NNS 20467 1776 9 . . . 20467 1777 1 Not not RB 20467 1777 2 authoritatively authoritatively RB 20467 1777 3 reported report VBD 20467 1777 4 from from IN 20467 1777 5 the the DT 20467 1777 6 other other JJ 20467 1777 7 New New NNP 20467 1777 8 England England NNP 20467 1777 9 states state NNS 20467 1777 10 . . . 20467 1778 1 South South NNP 20467 1778 2 to to IN 20467 1778 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 1778 4 and and CC 20467 1778 5 District District NNP 20467 1778 6 of of IN 20467 1778 7 Columbia Columbia NNP 20467 1778 8 , , , 20467 1778 9 along along IN 20467 1778 10 the the DT 20467 1778 11 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1778 12 to to IN 20467 1778 13 northern northern JJ 20467 1778 14 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 1778 15 ; ; : 20467 1778 16 west west NN 20467 1778 17 to to IN 20467 1778 18 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1778 19 , , , 20467 1778 20 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1778 21 , , , 20467 1778 22 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1778 23 , , , 20467 1778 24 Indian indian JJ 20467 1778 25 territory territory NN 20467 1778 26 , , , 20467 1778 27 and and CC 20467 1778 28 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1778 29 . . . 20467 1779 1 = = NFP 20467 1779 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1779 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1779 4 - - HYPH 20467 1779 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1779 6 tree tree NN 20467 1779 7 , , , 20467 1779 8 30 30 CD 20467 1779 9 - - SYM 20467 1779 10 40 40 CD 20467 1779 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1779 12 high high JJ 20467 1779 13 , , , 20467 1779 14 with with IN 20467 1779 15 a a DT 20467 1779 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 1779 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 1779 18 of of IN 20467 1779 19 1 1 CD 20467 1779 20 - - SYM 20467 1779 21 2 2 CD 20467 1779 22 feet foot NNS 20467 1779 23 , , , 20467 1779 24 attaining attain VBG 20467 1779 25 much much RB 20467 1779 26 greater great JJR 20467 1779 27 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1779 28 in in IN 20467 1779 29 the the DT 20467 1779 30 basins basin NNS 20467 1779 31 of of IN 20467 1779 32 the the DT 20467 1779 33 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1779 34 , , , 20467 1779 35 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1779 36 , , , 20467 1779 37 and and CC 20467 1779 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1779 39 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 1779 40 ; ; : 20467 1779 41 trunk trunk NN 20467 1779 42 in in IN 20467 1779 43 old old JJ 20467 1779 44 trees tree NNS 20467 1779 45 enlarged enlarge VBN 20467 1779 46 at at IN 20467 1779 47 the the DT 20467 1779 48 base base NN 20467 1779 49 , , , 20467 1779 50 erect erect NN 20467 1779 51 , , , 20467 1779 52 branches branch NNS 20467 1779 53 rather rather RB 20467 1779 54 short short JJ 20467 1779 55 for for IN 20467 1779 56 the the DT 20467 1779 57 genus genus NN 20467 1779 58 , , , 20467 1779 59 forming form VBG 20467 1779 60 a a DT 20467 1779 61 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1779 62 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1779 63 or or CC 20467 1779 64 roundish roundish JJ 20467 1779 65 head head NN 20467 1779 66 . . . 20467 1780 1 = = NFP 20467 1780 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1780 3 of of IN 20467 1780 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1780 5 and and CC 20467 1780 6 large large JJ 20467 1780 7 branches branch NNS 20467 1780 8 grayish grayish VBP 20467 1780 9 or or CC 20467 1780 10 pale pale JJ 20467 1780 11 ash ash NN 20467 1780 12 - - HYPH 20467 1780 13 colored colored JJ 20467 1780 14 , , , 20467 1780 15 comparatively comparatively RB 20467 1780 16 thin thin JJ 20467 1780 17 , , , 20467 1780 18 flaky flaky JJ 20467 1780 19 ; ; : 20467 1780 20 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1780 21 grayish grayish NN 20467 1780 22 - - HYPH 20467 1780 23 brown brown JJ 20467 1780 24 ; ; : 20467 1780 25 season season NN 20467 1780 26 's 's POS 20467 1780 27 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1780 28 in in IN 20467 1780 29 early early JJ 20467 1780 30 summer summer NN 20467 1780 31 purplish purplish NN 20467 1780 32 - - HYPH 20467 1780 33 green green JJ 20467 1780 34 with with IN 20467 1780 35 pale pale JJ 20467 1780 36 dots dot NNS 20467 1780 37 . . . 20467 1781 1 = = NFP 20467 1781 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1781 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1781 4 and and CC 20467 1781 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1781 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 1781 7 , , , 20467 1781 8 acute acute JJ 20467 1781 9 to to IN 20467 1781 10 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 1781 11 , , , 20467 1781 12 brownish brownish NNP 20467 1781 13 . . . 20467 1782 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1782 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1782 3 , , , 20467 1782 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1782 5 ; ; : 20467 1782 6 in in IN 20467 1782 7 the the DT 20467 1782 8 typical typical JJ 20467 1782 9 form form NN 20467 1782 10 as as IN 20467 1782 11 recognized recognize VBN 20467 1782 12 by by IN 20467 1782 13 Muhlenburg Muhlenburg NNP 20467 1782 14 , , , 20467 1782 15 3 3 CD 20467 1782 16 - - SYM 20467 1782 17 6 6 CD 20467 1782 18 inches inch NNS 20467 1782 19 long long JJ 20467 1782 20 , , , 20467 1782 21 1 1 CD 20467 1782 22 - - HYPH 20467 1782 23 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1782 24 - - HYPH 20467 1782 25 2 2 CD 20467 1782 26 inches inch NNS 20467 1782 27 wide wide JJ 20467 1782 28 , , , 20467 1782 29 glossy glossy JJ 20467 1782 30 dark dark JJ 20467 1782 31 green green NN 20467 1782 32 above above RB 20467 1782 33 , , , 20467 1782 34 pale pale JJ 20467 1782 35 and and CC 20467 1782 36 minutely minutely RB 20467 1782 37 downy downy JJ 20467 1782 38 beneath beneath RB 20467 1782 39 ; ; : 20467 1782 40 outline outline NN 20467 1782 41 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1782 42 or or CC 20467 1782 43 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 1782 44 - - HYPH 20467 1782 45 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1782 46 , , , 20467 1782 47 with with IN 20467 1782 48 rather rather RB 20467 1782 49 equal equal JJ 20467 1782 50 , , , 20467 1782 51 coarse coarse JJ 20467 1782 52 , , , 20467 1782 53 sharp sharp JJ 20467 1782 54 , , , 20467 1782 55 and and CC 20467 1782 56 often often RB 20467 1782 57 inflexed inflexe VBD 20467 1782 58 teeth tooth NNS 20467 1782 59 ; ; : 20467 1782 60 apex apex NNP 20467 1782 61 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 1782 62 ; ; : 20467 1782 63 base base NN 20467 1782 64 wedge wedge NN 20467 1782 65 - - HYPH 20467 1782 66 shaped shape VBN 20467 1782 67 or or CC 20467 1782 68 acute acute JJ 20467 1782 69 ; ; : 20467 1782 70 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1782 71 soon soon RB 20467 1782 72 falling fall VBG 20467 1782 73 . . . 20467 1783 1 There there EX 20467 1783 2 is be VBZ 20467 1783 3 also also RB 20467 1783 4 a a DT 20467 1783 5 form form NN 20467 1783 6 of of IN 20467 1783 7 the the DT 20467 1783 8 species specie NNS 20467 1783 9 in in IN 20467 1783 10 which which WDT 20467 1783 11 the the DT 20467 1783 12 leaves leave NNS 20467 1783 13 are be VBP 20467 1783 14 much much RB 20467 1783 15 larger large JJR 20467 1783 16 , , , 20467 1783 17 5 5 CD 20467 1783 18 - - SYM 20467 1783 19 7 7 CD 20467 1783 20 inches inch NNS 20467 1783 21 in in IN 20467 1783 22 length length NN 20467 1783 23 and and CC 20467 1783 24 3 3 CD 20467 1783 25 - - SYM 20467 1783 26 5 5 CD 20467 1783 27 inches inch NNS 20467 1783 28 in in IN 20467 1783 29 width width NN 20467 1783 30 , , , 20467 1783 31 broadly broadly RB 20467 1783 32 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1783 33 or or CC 20467 1783 34 obovate obovate VB 20467 1783 35 , , , 20467 1783 36 with with IN 20467 1783 37 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1783 38 teeth tooth NNS 20467 1783 39 ; ; , 20467 1783 40 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 1783 41 from from IN 20467 1783 42 _ _ NNP 20467 1783 43 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1784 1 Prinus Prinus NNP 20467 1784 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1784 3 only only RB 20467 1784 4 by by IN 20467 1784 5 the the DT 20467 1784 6 bark bark NN 20467 1784 7 and and CC 20467 1784 8 fruit fruit NN 20467 1784 9 . . . 20467 1785 1 = = NFP 20467 1785 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1785 3 . . . 20467 1786 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1786 2 with with IN 20467 1786 3 the the DT 20467 1786 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1786 5 ; ; : 20467 1786 6 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1786 7 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1786 8 2 2 CD 20467 1786 9 - - SYM 20467 1786 10 4 4 CD 20467 1786 11 inches inch NNS 20467 1786 12 long long JJ 20467 1786 13 ; ; : 20467 1786 14 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1786 15 yellow yellow NNP 20467 1786 16 , , , 20467 1786 17 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1786 18 , , , 20467 1786 19 segments segment VBZ 20467 1786 20 5 5 CD 20467 1786 21 - - SYM 20467 1786 22 8 8 CD 20467 1786 23 , , , 20467 1786 24 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 1786 25 ; ; : 20467 1786 26 stamens stamens NNP 20467 1786 27 5 5 CD 20467 1786 28 - - SYM 20467 1786 29 8 8 CD 20467 1786 30 , , , 20467 1786 31 anthers anther NNS 20467 1786 32 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1786 33 : : : 20467 1786 34 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1786 35 flowers flower NNS 20467 1786 36 sessile sessile NN 20467 1786 37 or or CC 20467 1786 38 on on IN 20467 1786 39 short short JJ 20467 1786 40 spikes spike NNS 20467 1786 41 ; ; : 20467 1786 42 stigma stigma NNP 20467 1786 43 red red NNP 20467 1786 44 . . . 20467 1787 1 = = NFP 20467 1787 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1787 3 the the DT 20467 1787 4 first first JJ 20467 1787 5 season season NN 20467 1787 6 , , , 20467 1787 7 sessile sessile NN 20467 1787 8 or or CC 20467 1787 9 short short RB 20467 1787 10 - - HYPH 20467 1787 11 peduncled peduncled JJ 20467 1787 12 : : : 20467 1787 13 cup cup NN 20467 1787 14 covering cover VBG 20467 1787 15 about about IN 20467 1787 16 half half PDT 20467 1787 17 the the DT 20467 1787 18 nut nut NN 20467 1787 19 , , , 20467 1787 20 thin thin JJ 20467 1787 21 , , , 20467 1787 22 shallow shallow JJ 20467 1787 23 , , , 20467 1787 24 with with IN 20467 1787 25 small small JJ 20467 1787 26 , , , 20467 1787 27 rarely rarely RB 20467 1787 28 much much RB 20467 1787 29 thickened thicken VBD 20467 1787 30 scales scale NNS 20467 1787 31 : : : 20467 1787 32 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1787 33 ovoid ovoid NNP 20467 1787 34 or or CC 20467 1787 35 globose globose VB 20467 1787 36 , , , 20467 1787 37 about about RB 20467 1787 38 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 1787 39 inch inch NN 20467 1787 40 long long JJ 20467 1787 41 . . . 20467 1788 1 = = NFP 20467 1788 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1788 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1788 4 in in IN 20467 1788 5 New New NNP 20467 1788 6 England England NNP 20467 1788 7 ; ; : 20467 1788 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1788 9 in in IN 20467 1788 10 all all DT 20467 1788 11 good good JJ 20467 1788 12 dry dry JJ 20467 1788 13 or or CC 20467 1788 14 moist moist JJ 20467 1788 15 soils soil NNS 20467 1788 16 , , , 20467 1788 17 in in IN 20467 1788 18 open open JJ 20467 1788 19 or or CC 20467 1788 20 partly partly RB 20467 1788 21 shaded shaded JJ 20467 1788 22 situations situation NNS 20467 1788 23 ; ; : 20467 1788 24 maintains maintain VBZ 20467 1788 25 a a DT 20467 1788 26 nearly nearly RB 20467 1788 27 uniform uniform JJ 20467 1788 28 rate rate NN 20467 1788 29 of of IN 20467 1788 30 growth growth NN 20467 1788 31 till till IN 20467 1788 32 maturity maturity NN 20467 1788 33 , , , 20467 1788 34 and and CC 20467 1788 35 is be VBZ 20467 1788 36 not not RB 20467 1788 37 seriously seriously RB 20467 1788 38 affected affect VBN 20467 1788 39 by by IN 20467 1788 40 insects insect NNS 20467 1788 41 . . . 20467 1789 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 1789 2 forms form VBZ 20467 1789 3 a a DT 20467 1789 4 fine fine JJ 20467 1789 5 individual individual JJ 20467 1789 6 tree tree NN 20467 1789 7 and and CC 20467 1789 8 is be VBZ 20467 1789 9 useful useful JJ 20467 1789 10 in in IN 20467 1789 11 forest forest NN 20467 1789 12 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1789 13 . . . 20467 1790 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1790 2 from from IN 20467 1790 3 seed seed NN 20467 1790 4 . . . 20467 1791 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1791 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1791 3 : : : 20467 1791 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1791 5 XLII.--Quercus XLII.--Quercus NNP 20467 1791 6 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 1791 7 . . . 20467 1791 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1792 1 1 1 LS 20467 1792 2 . . . 20467 1793 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1793 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1793 3 . . . 20467 1794 1 2 2 LS 20467 1794 2 . . . 20467 1795 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1795 2 branch branch NN 20467 1795 3 . . . 20467 1796 1 3 3 LS 20467 1796 2 . . . 20467 1797 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1797 2 flower flower NN 20467 1797 3 . . . 20467 1798 1 4 4 LS 20467 1798 2 . . . 20467 1799 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1799 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1799 3 . . . 20467 1800 1 5 5 CD 20467 1800 2 . . . 20467 1801 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1801 2 branch branch NN 20467 1801 3 . . . 20467 1802 1 = = NFP 20467 1802 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1802 3 prinoides prinoide NNS 20467 1802 4 , , , 20467 1802 5 Willd.= willd.= WRB 20467 1802 6 SCRUB SCRUB VBD 20467 1802 7 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1802 8 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1802 9 . . . 20467 1803 1 SCRUB scrub JJ 20467 1803 2 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNS 20467 1803 3 OAK oak NN 20467 1803 4 . . . 20467 1804 1 More more RBR 20467 1804 2 or or CC 20467 1804 3 less less RBR 20467 1804 4 common common JJ 20467 1804 5 throughout throughout IN 20467 1804 6 the the DT 20467 1804 7 states state NNS 20467 1804 8 east east RB 20467 1804 9 of of IN 20467 1804 10 the the DT 20467 1804 11 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1804 12 ; ; : 20467 1804 13 westward westward NNP 20467 1804 14 apparently apparently RB 20467 1804 15 grading grade VBG 20467 1804 16 into into IN 20467 1804 17 _ _ NNP 20467 1804 18 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1805 1 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 1805 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1805 3 , , , 20467 1805 4 within within IN 20467 1805 5 the the DT 20467 1805 6 limits limit NNS 20467 1805 7 of of IN 20467 1805 8 New New NNP 20467 1805 9 England England NNP 20467 1805 10 mostly mostly RB 20467 1805 11 a a DT 20467 1805 12 low low JJ 20467 1805 13 shrub shrub NN 20467 1805 14 , , , 20467 1805 15 rarely rarely RB 20467 1805 16 assuming assume VBG 20467 1805 17 a a DT 20467 1805 18 tree tree NN 20467 1805 19 - - HYPH 20467 1805 20 like like JJ 20467 1805 21 habit habit NN 20467 1805 22 . . . 20467 1806 1 The the DT 20467 1806 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1806 3 vary vary VBP 20467 1806 4 from from IN 20467 1806 5 rather rather RB 20467 1806 6 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1806 7 - - HYPH 20467 1806 8 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 1806 9 to to TO 20467 1806 10 broadly broadly RB 20467 1806 11 obovate obovate VB 20467 1806 12 , , , 20467 1806 13 are be VBP 20467 1806 14 rather rather RB 20467 1806 15 regularly regularly RB 20467 1806 16 and and CC 20467 1806 17 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1806 18 toothed toothed JJ 20467 1806 19 , , , 20467 1806 20 bright bright JJ 20467 1806 21 green green JJ 20467 1806 22 and and CC 20467 1806 23 often often RB 20467 1806 24 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 1806 25 on on IN 20467 1806 26 the the DT 20467 1806 27 upper upper JJ 20467 1806 28 surface surface NN 20467 1806 29 . . . 20467 1807 1 = = NFP 20467 1807 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1807 3 rubra rubra NNP 20467 1807 4 , , , 20467 1807 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 1807 6 RED RED NNP 20467 1807 7 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1807 8 . . . 20467 1808 1 = = NFP 20467 1808 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1808 3 and and CC 20467 1808 4 Range.=--Growing range.=--growe VBG 20467 1808 5 impartially impartially RB 20467 1808 6 in in IN 20467 1808 7 a a DT 20467 1808 8 great great JJ 20467 1808 9 variety variety NN 20467 1808 10 of of IN 20467 1808 11 soils soil NNS 20467 1808 12 , , , 20467 1808 13 but but CC 20467 1808 14 not not RB 20467 1808 15 on on IN 20467 1808 16 wet wet JJ 20467 1808 17 lands land NNS 20467 1808 18 . . . 20467 1809 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 1809 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 1809 3 and and CC 20467 1809 4 New New NNP 20467 1809 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 1809 6 to to TO 20467 1809 7 divide divide VB 20467 1809 8 west west RB 20467 1809 9 of of IN 20467 1809 10 Lake Lake NNP 20467 1809 11 Superior Superior NNP 20467 1809 12 . . . 20467 1810 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 1810 2 , , , 20467 1810 3 at at IN 20467 1810 4 least least JJS 20467 1810 5 south south RB 20467 1810 6 of of IN 20467 1810 7 the the DT 20467 1810 8 central central JJ 20467 1810 9 portions portion NNS 20467 1810 10 ; ; : 20467 1810 11 New new JJ 20467 1810 12 Hampshire,--extending hampshire,--extending NN 20467 1810 13 into into IN 20467 1810 14 Coos Coos NNP 20467 1810 15 county county NN 20467 1810 16 , , , 20467 1810 17 far far RB 20467 1810 18 north north RB 20467 1810 19 of of IN 20467 1810 20 the the DT 20467 1810 21 White white JJ 20467 1810 22 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1810 23 ; ; : 20467 1810 24 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 1810 25 , , , 20467 1810 26 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1810 27 , , , 20467 1810 28 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1810 29 Island Island NNP 20467 1810 30 , , , 20467 1810 31 and and CC 20467 1810 32 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1810 33 ; ; : 20467 1810 34 probably probably RB 20467 1810 35 in in IN 20467 1810 36 most most JJS 20467 1810 37 parts part NNS 20467 1810 38 of of IN 20467 1810 39 New New NNP 20467 1810 40 England England NNP 20467 1810 41 the the DT 20467 1810 42 most most RBS 20467 1810 43 common common JJ 20467 1810 44 of of IN 20467 1810 45 the the DT 20467 1810 46 genus genus NN 20467 1810 47 ; ; , 20467 1810 48 found find VBD 20467 1810 49 higher higher RBR 20467 1810 50 up up IN 20467 1810 51 the the DT 20467 1810 52 slopes slope NNS 20467 1810 53 of of IN 20467 1810 54 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1810 55 than than IN 20467 1810 56 the the DT 20467 1810 57 white white NNP 20467 1810 58 oak oak NNP 20467 1810 59 . . . 20467 1811 1 South South NNP 20467 1811 2 to to IN 20467 1811 3 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 1811 4 , , , 20467 1811 5 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 1811 6 , , , 20467 1811 7 and and CC 20467 1811 8 along along IN 20467 1811 9 mountain mountain NN 20467 1811 10 ranges range NNS 20467 1811 11 to to IN 20467 1811 12 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 1811 13 ; ; : 20467 1811 14 reported report VBN 20467 1811 15 from from IN 20467 1811 16 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1811 17 ; ; : 20467 1811 18 west west NN 20467 1811 19 to to IN 20467 1811 20 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1811 21 , , , 20467 1811 22 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1811 23 , , , 20467 1811 24 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1811 25 , , , 20467 1811 26 and and CC 20467 1811 27 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1811 28 . . . 20467 1812 1 = = NFP 20467 1812 2 Habit.=--The habit.=--the RB 20467 1812 3 largest large JJS 20467 1812 4 of of IN 20467 1812 5 the the DT 20467 1812 6 New New NNP 20467 1812 7 England England NNP 20467 1812 8 oaks oak NNS 20467 1812 9 , , , 20467 1812 10 50 50 CD 20467 1812 11 - - SYM 20467 1812 12 85 85 CD 20467 1812 13 feet foot NNS 20467 1812 14 high high JJ 20467 1812 15 , , , 20467 1812 16 with with IN 20467 1812 17 a a DT 20467 1812 18 diameter diameter NN 20467 1812 19 of of IN 20467 1812 20 2 2 CD 20467 1812 21 - - SYM 20467 1812 22 6 6 CD 20467 1812 23 feet foot NNS 20467 1812 24 above above IN 20467 1812 25 the the DT 20467 1812 26 swell swell NN 20467 1812 27 of of IN 20467 1812 28 the the DT 20467 1812 29 roots root NNS 20467 1812 30 ; ; : 20467 1812 31 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1812 32 attaining attain VBG 20467 1812 33 greater great JJR 20467 1812 34 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1812 35 ; ; : 20467 1812 36 trunk trunk NN 20467 1812 37 usually usually RB 20467 1812 38 continuous continuous JJ 20467 1812 39 to to IN 20467 1812 40 the the DT 20467 1812 41 top top NN 20467 1812 42 of of IN 20467 1812 43 the the DT 20467 1812 44 tree tree NN 20467 1812 45 , , , 20467 1812 46 often often RB 20467 1812 47 heavily heavily RB 20467 1812 48 buttressed buttress VBN 20467 1812 49 ; ; : 20467 1812 50 point point NN 20467 1812 51 of of IN 20467 1812 52 branching branch VBG 20467 1812 53 higher high JJR 20467 1812 54 than than IN 20467 1812 55 in in IN 20467 1812 56 the the DT 20467 1812 57 white white NNP 20467 1812 58 oak oak NNP 20467 1812 59 ; ; : 20467 1812 60 branches branch NNS 20467 1812 61 large large JJ 20467 1812 62 , , , 20467 1812 63 less less RBR 20467 1812 64 contorted contorted JJ 20467 1812 65 , , , 20467 1812 66 and and CC 20467 1812 67 rising rise VBG 20467 1812 68 at at IN 20467 1812 69 a a DT 20467 1812 70 sharper sharp JJR 20467 1812 71 angle angle NN 20467 1812 72 , , , 20467 1812 73 the the DT 20467 1812 74 lower low JJR 20467 1812 75 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1812 76 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1812 77 ; ; : 20467 1812 78 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1812 79 rather rather RB 20467 1812 80 slender slend JJR 20467 1812 81 ; ; : 20467 1812 82 head head VB 20467 1812 83 extremely extremely RB 20467 1812 84 variable variable JJ 20467 1812 85 , , , 20467 1812 86 in in IN 20467 1812 87 old old JJ 20467 1812 88 trees tree NNS 20467 1812 89 with with IN 20467 1812 90 ample ample JJ 20467 1812 91 space space NN 20467 1812 92 for for IN 20467 1812 93 growth growth NN 20467 1812 94 , , , 20467 1812 95 open open JJ 20467 1812 96 , , , 20467 1812 97 well well RB 20467 1812 98 - - HYPH 20467 1812 99 proportioned proportion VBN 20467 1812 100 , , , 20467 1812 101 and and CC 20467 1812 102 imposing impose VBG 20467 1812 103 ; ; : 20467 1812 104 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1812 105 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1812 106 in in IN 20467 1812 107 outline outline NN 20467 1812 108 , , , 20467 1812 109 wider wide JJR 20467 1812 110 near near IN 20467 1812 111 the the DT 20467 1812 112 top top NN 20467 1812 113 , , , 20467 1812 114 and and CC 20467 1812 115 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1812 116 symmetrically symmetrically RB 20467 1812 117 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1812 118 , , , 20467 1812 119 not not RB 20467 1812 120 so so RB 20467 1812 121 broad broad JJ 20467 1812 122 , , , 20467 1812 123 however however RB 20467 1812 124 , , , 20467 1812 125 as as IN 20467 1812 126 the the DT 20467 1812 127 head head NN 20467 1812 128 of of IN 20467 1812 129 the the DT 20467 1812 130 white white NNP 20467 1812 131 oak oak NNP 20467 1812 132 ; ; , 20467 1812 133 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1812 134 in in IN 20467 1812 135 summer summer NN 20467 1812 136 by by IN 20467 1812 137 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1812 138 bright bright JJ 20467 1812 139 green green JJ 20467 1812 140 , , , 20467 1812 141 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1812 142 foliage foliage NN 20467 1812 143 , , , 20467 1812 144 which which WDT 20467 1812 145 turns turn VBZ 20467 1812 146 to to IN 20467 1812 147 dull dull JJ 20467 1812 148 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1812 149 - - HYPH 20467 1812 150 red red JJ 20467 1812 151 in in IN 20467 1812 152 autumn autumn NN 20467 1812 153 . . . 20467 1813 1 = = NFP 20467 1813 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1813 3 of of IN 20467 1813 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1813 5 and and CC 20467 1813 6 lower low JJR 20467 1813 7 parts part NNS 20467 1813 8 of of IN 20467 1813 9 branches branch NNS 20467 1813 10 in in IN 20467 1813 11 old old JJ 20467 1813 12 trees tree NNS 20467 1813 13 dark dark JJ 20467 1813 14 gray gray NN 20467 1813 15 , , , 20467 1813 16 firmly firmly RB 20467 1813 17 , , , 20467 1813 18 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 1813 19 , , , 20467 1813 20 and and CC 20467 1813 21 rather rather RB 20467 1813 22 regularly regularly RB 20467 1813 23 ridged ridged JJ 20467 1813 24 , , , 20467 1813 25 smooth smooth VB 20467 1813 26 elsewhere elsewhere RB 20467 1813 27 ; ; , 20467 1813 28 in in IN 20467 1813 29 young young JJ 20467 1813 30 trees tree NNS 20467 1813 31 greenish greenish JJ 20467 1813 32 mottled mottle VBN 20467 1813 33 gray gray JJ 20467 1813 34 , , , 20467 1813 35 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1813 36 throughout throughout IN 20467 1813 37 ; ; : 20467 1813 38 season season NN 20467 1813 39 's 's POS 20467 1813 40 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1813 41 at at IN 20467 1813 42 first first JJ 20467 1813 43 green green NNP 20467 1813 44 , , , 20467 1813 45 taking take VBG 20467 1813 46 a a DT 20467 1813 47 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1813 48 tinge tinge NN 20467 1813 49 in in IN 20467 1813 50 autumn autumn NN 20467 1813 51 , , , 20467 1813 52 marked mark VBN 20467 1813 53 with with IN 20467 1813 54 pale pale JJ 20467 1813 55 , , , 20467 1813 56 scattered scatter VBN 20467 1813 57 dots dot NNS 20467 1813 58 . . . 20467 1814 1 = = NFP 20467 1814 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1814 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1814 4 and and CC 20467 1814 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1814 6 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1814 7 , , , 20467 1814 8 conical conical JJ 20467 1814 9 , , , 20467 1814 10 sharp sharp RB 20467 1814 11 - - HYPH 20467 1814 12 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1814 13 . . . 20467 1815 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1815 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1815 3 , , , 20467 1815 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1815 5 , , , 20467 1815 6 4 4 CD 20467 1815 7 - - SYM 20467 1815 8 8 8 CD 20467 1815 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1815 10 long long JJ 20467 1815 11 , , , 20467 1815 12 3 3 CD 20467 1815 13 - - SYM 20467 1815 14 5 5 CD 20467 1815 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1815 16 broad broad JJ 20467 1815 17 , , , 20467 1815 18 bright bright JJ 20467 1815 19 green green NN 20467 1815 20 above above RB 20467 1815 21 , , , 20467 1815 22 paler paler NN 20467 1815 23 beneath beneath NNP 20467 1815 24 , , , 20467 1815 25 dull dull NNP 20467 1815 26 brown brown NNP 20467 1815 27 in in IN 20467 1815 28 autumn autumn NN 20467 1815 29 ; ; : 20467 1815 30 outline outline VB 20467 1815 31 oval oval NN 20467 1815 32 or or CC 20467 1815 33 obovate obovate VB 20467 1815 34 , , , 20467 1815 35 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1815 36 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 1815 37 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 1815 38 by by IN 20467 1815 39 the the DT 20467 1815 40 character character NN 20467 1815 41 of of IN 20467 1815 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1815 43 lobing lobing NN 20467 1815 44 from from IN 20467 1815 45 _ _ NNP 20467 1815 46 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1816 1 tinctoria tinctoria NNP 20467 1816 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1816 3 ; ; : 20467 1816 4 in in IN 20467 1816 5 the the DT 20467 1816 6 typical typical JJ 20467 1816 7 form form NN 20467 1816 8 , , , 20467 1816 9 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1816 10 broadly broadly RB 20467 1816 11 triangular triangular JJ 20467 1816 12 or or CC 20467 1816 13 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1816 14 , , , 20467 1816 15 with with IN 20467 1816 16 parallel parallel JJ 20467 1816 17 sides side NNS 20467 1816 18 bristle bristle NN 20467 1816 19 - - HYPH 20467 1816 20 pointed point VBD 20467 1816 21 ; ; : 20467 1816 22 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 1816 23 short short JJ 20467 1816 24 ; ; : 20467 1816 25 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1816 26 linear linear NNP 20467 1816 27 , , , 20467 1816 28 soon soon RB 20467 1816 29 falling fall VBG 20467 1816 30 . . . 20467 1817 1 = = NFP 20467 1817 2 Inflorescence.=--Earliest inflorescence.=--earli JJS 20467 1817 3 of of IN 20467 1817 4 the the DT 20467 1817 5 oaks oak NNS 20467 1817 6 , , , 20467 1817 7 appearing appear VBG 20467 1817 8 in in IN 20467 1817 9 late late JJ 20467 1817 10 April April NNP 20467 1817 11 or or CC 20467 1817 12 early early JJ 20467 1817 13 May May NNP 20467 1817 14 , , , 20467 1817 15 when when WRB 20467 1817 16 the the DT 20467 1817 17 leaves leave NNS 20467 1817 18 are be VBP 20467 1817 19 half half RB 20467 1817 20 - - HYPH 20467 1817 21 grown grown JJ 20467 1817 22 ; ; : 20467 1817 23 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1817 24 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1817 25 3 3 CD 20467 1817 26 - - SYM 20467 1817 27 5 5 CD 20467 1817 28 inches inch NNS 20467 1817 29 long long JJ 20467 1817 30 ; ; : 20467 1817 31 calyx calyx VB 20467 1817 32 mostly mostly RB 20467 1817 33 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1817 34 ; ; : 20467 1817 35 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1817 36 rounded round VBD 20467 1817 37 ; ; : 20467 1817 38 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1817 39 mostly mostly RB 20467 1817 40 4 4 CD 20467 1817 41 ; ; : 20467 1817 42 anthers anther NNS 20467 1817 43 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1817 44 : : : 20467 1817 45 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1817 46 flowers flower NNS 20467 1817 47 short short JJ 20467 1817 48 - - HYPH 20467 1817 49 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 1817 50 ; ; : 20467 1817 51 calyx calyx NN 20467 1817 52 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1817 53 mostly mostly RB 20467 1817 54 3 3 CD 20467 1817 55 or or CC 20467 1817 56 4 4 CD 20467 1817 57 ; ; : 20467 1817 58 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1817 59 long long RB 20467 1817 60 , , , 20467 1817 61 spreading spread VBG 20467 1817 62 . . . 20467 1818 1 = = NFP 20467 1818 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1818 3 in in IN 20467 1818 4 the the DT 20467 1818 5 second second JJ 20467 1818 6 year year NN 20467 1818 7 , , , 20467 1818 8 single single JJ 20467 1818 9 or or CC 20467 1818 10 in in IN 20467 1818 11 pairs pair NNS 20467 1818 12 , , , 20467 1818 13 sessile sessile NN 20467 1818 14 or or CC 20467 1818 15 short short RB 20467 1818 16 - - HYPH 20467 1818 17 stalked stalk VBN 20467 1818 18 : : : 20467 1818 19 cup cup NNP 20467 1818 20 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1818 21 turbinate turbinate VBP 20467 1818 22 , , , 20467 1818 23 usually usually RB 20467 1818 24 saucer saucer NN 20467 1818 25 - - HYPH 20467 1818 26 shaped shape VBN 20467 1818 27 with with IN 20467 1818 28 a a DT 20467 1818 29 flat flat JJ 20467 1818 30 or or CC 20467 1818 31 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1818 32 base base NN 20467 1818 33 , , , 20467 1818 34 often often RB 20467 1818 35 contracted contract VBD 20467 1818 36 at at IN 20467 1818 37 the the DT 20467 1818 38 opening opening NN 20467 1818 39 and and CC 20467 1818 40 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 1818 41 by by IN 20467 1818 42 a a DT 20467 1818 43 kind kind NN 20467 1818 44 of of IN 20467 1818 45 border border NN 20467 1818 46 ; ; , 20467 1818 47 scales scale NNS 20467 1818 48 closely closely RB 20467 1818 49 imbricated imbricated JJ 20467 1818 50 , , , 20467 1818 51 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1818 52 - - HYPH 20467 1818 53 brown brown NN 20467 1818 54 , , , 20467 1818 55 more more RBR 20467 1818 56 or or CC 20467 1818 57 less less RBR 20467 1818 58 downy downy JJ 20467 1818 59 , , , 20467 1818 60 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1818 61 glossy glossy JJ 20467 1818 62 , , , 20467 1818 63 triangular triangular NN 20467 1818 64 - - HYPH 20467 1818 65 acute acute NN 20467 1818 66 to to IN 20467 1818 67 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1818 68 , , , 20467 1818 69 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1818 70 : : : 20467 1818 71 acorn acorn VB 20467 1818 72 nearly nearly RB 20467 1818 73 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 1818 74 or or CC 20467 1818 75 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1818 76 , , , 20467 1818 77 tapering taper VBG 20467 1818 78 to to IN 20467 1818 79 a a DT 20467 1818 80 broad broad JJ 20467 1818 81 , , , 20467 1818 82 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1818 83 top top NN 20467 1818 84 . . . 20467 1819 1 = = NFP 20467 1819 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1819 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1819 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1819 5 New New NNP 20467 1819 6 England England NNP 20467 1819 7 ; ; : 20467 1819 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1819 9 in in IN 20467 1819 10 all all DT 20467 1819 11 well well RB 20467 1819 12 - - HYPH 20467 1819 13 drained drain VBN 20467 1819 14 soils soil NNS 20467 1819 15 , , , 20467 1819 16 but but CC 20467 1819 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1819 18 a a DT 20467 1819 19 rich rich JJ 20467 1819 20 , , , 20467 1819 21 moist moist JJ 20467 1819 22 loam loam NN 20467 1819 23 ; ; : 20467 1819 24 more more RBR 20467 1819 25 readily readily RB 20467 1819 26 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1819 27 than than IN 20467 1819 28 most most JJS 20467 1819 29 of of IN 20467 1819 30 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1819 31 oaks oak NNS 20467 1819 32 ; ; : 20467 1819 33 in in IN 20467 1819 34 common common JJ 20467 1819 35 with with IN 20467 1819 36 other other JJ 20467 1819 37 trees tree NNS 20467 1819 38 of of IN 20467 1819 39 the the DT 20467 1819 40 genus genus JJ 20467 1819 41 , , , 20467 1819 42 nursery nursery NN 20467 1819 43 trees tree NNS 20467 1819 44 must must MD 20467 1819 45 be be VB 20467 1819 46 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 1819 47 frequently frequently RB 20467 1819 48 to to TO 20467 1819 49 be be VB 20467 1819 50 moved move VBN 20467 1819 51 with with IN 20467 1819 52 safety safety NN 20467 1819 53 ; ; : 20467 1819 54 grows grow VBZ 20467 1819 55 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 1819 56 and and CC 20467 1819 57 is be VBZ 20467 1819 58 fairly fairly RB 20467 1819 59 free free JJ 20467 1819 60 from from IN 20467 1819 61 disfiguring disfigure VBG 20467 1819 62 insects insect NNS 20467 1819 63 ; ; : 20467 1819 64 the the DT 20467 1819 65 oak oak NNP 20467 1819 66 - - HYPH 20467 1819 67 pruner pruner NNP 20467 1819 68 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1819 69 lops lop VBZ 20467 1819 70 off off RP 20467 1819 71 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1819 72 twigs twig NNS 20467 1819 73 . . . 20467 1820 1 When when WRB 20467 1820 2 once once RB 20467 1820 3 established establish VBN 20467 1820 4 , , , 20467 1820 5 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1820 6 grows grow VBZ 20467 1820 7 as as RB 20467 1820 8 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 1820 9 as as IN 20467 1820 10 the the DT 20467 1820 11 sugar sugar NN 20467 1820 12 maple maple NN 20467 1820 13 , , , 20467 1820 14 and and CC 20467 1820 15 is be VBZ 20467 1820 16 worthy worthy JJ 20467 1820 17 of of IN 20467 1820 18 much much RB 20467 1820 19 more more RBR 20467 1820 20 extended extended JJ 20467 1820 21 use use NN 20467 1820 22 in in IN 20467 1820 23 street street NN 20467 1820 24 and and CC 20467 1820 25 landscape landscape NN 20467 1820 26 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1820 27 . . . 20467 1821 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1821 2 from from IN 20467 1821 3 the the DT 20467 1821 4 seed seed NN 20467 1821 5 . . . 20467 1822 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1822 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1822 3 : : : 20467 1822 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1822 5 XLIII.--Quercus XLIII.--Quercus NNP 20467 1822 6 rubra rubra NNP 20467 1822 7 . . . 20467 1822 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1823 1 1 1 LS 20467 1823 2 . . . 20467 1824 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1824 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1824 3 . . . 20467 1825 1 2 2 LS 20467 1825 2 . . . 20467 1826 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1826 2 branch branch NN 20467 1826 3 . . . 20467 1827 1 3 3 LS 20467 1827 2 . . . 20467 1828 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1828 2 flower flower NN 20467 1828 3 . . . 20467 1829 1 4 4 LS 20467 1829 2 . . . 20467 1830 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1830 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1830 3 , , , 20467 1830 4 side side JJ 20467 1830 5 view view NN 20467 1830 6 . . . 20467 1831 1 5 5 CD 20467 1831 2 . . . 20467 1832 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1832 2 branch branch NN 20467 1832 3 . . . 20467 1833 1 = = NFP 20467 1833 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1833 3 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 1833 4 , , , 20467 1833 5 Wang.= wang.= ADD 20467 1833 6 SCARLET SCARLET NNP 20467 1833 7 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1833 8 . . . 20467 1834 1 = = NFP 20467 1834 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1834 3 and and CC 20467 1834 4 Range.=--Most Range.=--Most NNP 20467 1834 5 common common JJ 20467 1834 6 in in IN 20467 1834 7 dry dry JJ 20467 1834 8 soil soil NN 20467 1834 9 . . . 20467 1835 1 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1835 2 . . . 20467 1836 1 Maine,--valley Maine,--valley NNP 20467 1836 2 of of IN 20467 1836 3 the the DT 20467 1836 4 Androscoggin Androscoggin NNP 20467 1836 5 , , , 20467 1836 6 southward southward RB 20467 1836 7 ; ; : 20467 1836 8 New New NNP 20467 1836 9 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 1836 10 and and CC 20467 1836 11 Vermont,--not Vermont,--not NNP 20467 1836 12 authoritatively authoritatively RB 20467 1836 13 reported report VBN 20467 1836 14 by by IN 20467 1836 15 recent recent JJ 20467 1836 16 observers observer NNS 20467 1836 17 ; ; : 20467 1836 18 Massachusetts,--more Massachusetts,--more NNP 20467 1836 19 common common JJ 20467 1836 20 in in IN 20467 1836 21 the the DT 20467 1836 22 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1836 23 than than IN 20467 1836 24 western western JJ 20467 1836 25 sections section NNS 20467 1836 26 , , , 20467 1836 27 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1836 28 covering cover VBG 20467 1836 29 considerable considerable JJ 20467 1836 30 areas area NNS 20467 1836 31 ; ; : 20467 1836 32 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1836 33 Island Island NNP 20467 1836 34 and and CC 20467 1836 35 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 1836 36 . . . 20467 1837 1 South south RB 20467 1837 2 to to IN 20467 1837 3 the the DT 20467 1837 4 middle middle JJ 20467 1837 5 states state NNS 20467 1837 6 and and CC 20467 1837 7 along along IN 20467 1837 8 the the DT 20467 1837 9 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1837 10 to to IN 20467 1837 11 North North NNP 20467 1837 12 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 1837 13 and and CC 20467 1837 14 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 1837 15 ; ; : 20467 1837 16 reported report VBN 20467 1837 17 from from IN 20467 1837 18 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1837 19 ; ; : 20467 1837 20 west west NN 20467 1837 21 to to IN 20467 1837 22 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1837 23 , , , 20467 1837 24 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1837 25 , , , 20467 1837 26 and and CC 20467 1837 27 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 1837 28 . . . 20467 1838 1 = = NFP 20467 1838 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1838 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1838 4 - - HYPH 20467 1838 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1838 6 tree tree NN 20467 1838 7 , , , 20467 1838 8 30 30 CD 20467 1838 9 - - SYM 20467 1838 10 50 50 CD 20467 1838 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1838 12 high high JJ 20467 1838 13 and and CC 20467 1838 14 1 1 CD 20467 1838 15 - - SYM 20467 1838 16 3 3 CD 20467 1838 17 feet foot NNS 20467 1838 18 in in IN 20467 1838 19 trunk trunk NN 20467 1838 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 1838 21 ; ; , 20467 1838 22 attaining attain VBG 20467 1838 23 greater great JJR 20467 1838 24 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 1838 25 southward southward RB 20467 1838 26 ; ; : 20467 1838 27 trunk trunk NN 20467 1838 28 straight straight RB 20467 1838 29 and and CC 20467 1838 30 tapering tapering NN 20467 1838 31 , , , 20467 1838 32 branches branch NNS 20467 1838 33 regular regular JJ 20467 1838 34 , , , 20467 1838 35 long long JJ 20467 1838 36 , , , 20467 1838 37 comparatively comparatively RB 20467 1838 38 slender slender NN 20467 1838 39 , , , 20467 1838 40 not not RB 20467 1838 41 contorted contort VBN 20467 1838 42 , , , 20467 1838 43 the the DT 20467 1838 44 lower low JJR 20467 1838 45 nearly nearly RB 20467 1838 46 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 1838 47 , , , 20467 1838 48 often often RB 20467 1838 49 declined decline VBD 20467 1838 50 at at IN 20467 1838 51 the the DT 20467 1838 52 ends end NNS 20467 1838 53 ; ; : 20467 1838 54 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1838 55 slender slender NN 20467 1838 56 ; ; : 20467 1838 57 head head VB 20467 1838 58 open open JJ 20467 1838 59 , , , 20467 1838 60 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1838 61 - - HYPH 20467 1838 62 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1838 63 or or CC 20467 1838 64 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1838 65 , , , 20467 1838 66 graceful graceful JJ 20467 1838 67 ; ; : 20467 1838 68 foliage foliage NN 20467 1838 69 deeply deeply RB 20467 1838 70 cut cut VBN 20467 1838 71 , , , 20467 1838 72 shining shine VBG 20467 1838 73 green green NN 20467 1838 74 in in IN 20467 1838 75 summer summer NN 20467 1838 76 and and CC 20467 1838 77 flaming flame VBG 20467 1838 78 scarlet scarlet NN 20467 1838 79 in in IN 20467 1838 80 autumn autumn NN 20467 1838 81 ; ; : 20467 1838 82 the the DT 20467 1838 83 most most RBS 20467 1838 84 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 1838 85 and and CC 20467 1838 86 most most RBS 20467 1838 87 elegant elegant JJ 20467 1838 88 of of IN 20467 1838 89 the the DT 20467 1838 90 New New NNP 20467 1838 91 England England NNP 20467 1838 92 oaks oak NNS 20467 1838 93 . . . 20467 1839 1 = = NFP 20467 1839 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 1839 3 in in IN 20467 1839 4 old old JJ 20467 1839 5 trees tree NNS 20467 1839 6 dark dark JJ 20467 1839 7 gray gray JJ 20467 1839 8 , , , 20467 1839 9 roughly roughly RB 20467 1839 10 and and CC 20467 1839 11 firmly firmly RB 20467 1839 12 ridged ridge VBD 20467 1839 13 ; ; : 20467 1839 14 inner inner JJ 20467 1839 15 bark bark NN 20467 1839 16 red red JJ 20467 1839 17 ; ; : 20467 1839 18 young young JJ 20467 1839 19 trees tree NNS 20467 1839 20 and and CC 20467 1839 21 branches branch NNS 20467 1839 22 smoothish smoothish JJ 20467 1839 23 , , , 20467 1839 24 often often RB 20467 1839 25 marked mark VBN 20467 1839 26 with with IN 20467 1839 27 dull dull JJ 20467 1839 28 red red JJ 20467 1839 29 seams seam NNS 20467 1839 30 and and CC 20467 1839 31 more more RBR 20467 1839 32 or or CC 20467 1839 33 less less RBR 20467 1839 34 mottled mottle VBN 20467 1839 35 with with IN 20467 1839 36 gray gray NN 20467 1839 37 . . . 20467 1840 1 = = NFP 20467 1840 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1840 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1840 4 and and CC 20467 1840 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1840 6 small small JJ 20467 1840 7 , , , 20467 1840 8 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1840 9 - - HYPH 20467 1840 10 brown brown JJ 20467 1840 11 , , , 20467 1840 12 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1840 13 to to IN 20467 1840 14 oval oval NN 20467 1840 15 , , , 20467 1840 16 acutish acutish NN 20467 1840 17 , , , 20467 1840 18 partially partially RB 20467 1840 19 hidden hide VBN 20467 1840 20 by by IN 20467 1840 21 enlarged enlarged JJ 20467 1840 22 base base NN 20467 1840 23 of of IN 20467 1840 24 petiole petiole NN 20467 1840 25 . . . 20467 1841 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1841 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1841 3 , , , 20467 1841 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1841 5 , , , 20467 1841 6 extremely extremely RB 20467 1841 7 variable variable JJ 20467 1841 8 , , , 20467 1841 9 more more RBR 20467 1841 10 commonly commonly RB 20467 1841 11 3 3 CD 20467 1841 12 - - SYM 20467 1841 13 6 6 CD 20467 1841 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1841 15 long long JJ 20467 1841 16 , , , 20467 1841 17 two two CD 20467 1841 18 - - HYPH 20467 1841 19 thirds third NNS 20467 1841 20 as as IN 20467 1841 21 wide wide JJ 20467 1841 22 , , , 20467 1841 23 bright bright JJ 20467 1841 24 green green JJ 20467 1841 25 and and CC 20467 1841 26 shining shine VBG 20467 1841 27 above above RB 20467 1841 28 , , , 20467 1841 29 paler paler NN 20467 1841 30 beneath beneath RB 20467 1841 31 , , , 20467 1841 32 smooth smooth VB 20467 1841 33 on on IN 20467 1841 34 both both DT 20467 1841 35 sides side NNS 20467 1841 36 but but CC 20467 1841 37 often often RB 20467 1841 38 with with IN 20467 1841 39 a a DT 20467 1841 40 tufted tufted JJ 20467 1841 41 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 1841 42 on on IN 20467 1841 43 the the DT 20467 1841 44 axils axil NNS 20467 1841 45 beneath beneath IN 20467 1841 46 , , , 20467 1841 47 turning turn VBG 20467 1841 48 scarlet scarlet NN 20467 1841 49 in in IN 20467 1841 50 autumn autumn NN 20467 1841 51 , , , 20467 1841 52 deeply deeply RB 20467 1841 53 lobed lobed JJ 20467 1841 54 , , , 20467 1841 55 the the DT 20467 1841 56 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1841 57 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1841 58 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1841 59 reaching reach VBG 20467 1841 60 nearly nearly RB 20467 1841 61 to to IN 20467 1841 62 the the DT 20467 1841 63 midrib midrib NN 20467 1841 64 ; ; : 20467 1841 65 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1841 66 5 5 CD 20467 1841 67 - - SYM 20467 1841 68 9 9 CD 20467 1841 69 , , , 20467 1841 70 rather rather RB 20467 1841 71 slender slend JJR 20467 1841 72 and and CC 20467 1841 73 set set VBD 20467 1841 74 at at IN 20467 1841 75 varying vary VBG 20467 1841 76 angles angle NNS 20467 1841 77 , , , 20467 1841 78 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 1841 79 toothed toothed JJ 20467 1841 80 and and CC 20467 1841 81 bristly bristly RB 20467 1841 82 tipped tip VBN 20467 1841 83 ; ; : 20467 1841 84 apex apex NNP 20467 1841 85 acute acute NNP 20467 1841 86 ; ; : 20467 1841 87 base base NN 20467 1841 88 truncate truncate VBP 20467 1841 89 to to IN 20467 1841 90 acute acute JJ 20467 1841 91 ; ; : 20467 1841 92 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1841 93 1 1 CD 20467 1841 94 - - HYPH 20467 1841 95 1 1 CD 20467 1841 96 - - HYPH 20467 1841 97 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1841 98 inches inch NNS 20467 1841 99 long long JJ 20467 1841 100 , , , 20467 1841 101 slender slender NN 20467 1841 102 , , , 20467 1841 103 swollen swollen JJ 20467 1841 104 at at IN 20467 1841 105 base base NN 20467 1841 106 . . . 20467 1842 1 = = NFP 20467 1842 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early RB 20467 1842 3 in in IN 20467 1842 4 May. May NNP 20467 1843 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1843 2 when when WRB 20467 1843 3 the the DT 20467 1843 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1843 5 are be VBP 20467 1843 6 half half RB 20467 1843 7 grown grown JJ 20467 1843 8 ; ; : 20467 1843 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1843 10 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1843 11 2 2 CD 20467 1843 12 - - SYM 20467 1843 13 4 4 CD 20467 1843 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1843 15 long long JJ 20467 1843 16 ; ; : 20467 1843 17 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1843 18 most most RBS 20467 1843 19 commonly commonly RB 20467 1843 20 4-parted 4-parted CD 20467 1843 21 ; ; : 20467 1843 22 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1843 23 ; ; , 20467 1843 24 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1843 25 commonly commonly RB 20467 1843 26 4 4 CD 20467 1843 27 , , , 20467 1843 28 exserted exserted JJ 20467 1843 29 ; ; : 20467 1843 30 anthers anther NNS 20467 1843 31 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1843 32 , , , 20467 1843 33 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1843 34 : : : 20467 1843 35 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1843 36 flowers flower NNS 20467 1843 37 red red JJ 20467 1843 38 ; ; : 20467 1843 39 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1843 40 long long RB 20467 1843 41 , , , 20467 1843 42 spreading spread VBG 20467 1843 43 , , , 20467 1843 44 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 1843 45 . . . 20467 1844 1 = = NFP 20467 1844 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1844 3 in in IN 20467 1844 4 the the DT 20467 1844 5 autumn autumn NN 20467 1844 6 of of IN 20467 1844 7 the the DT 20467 1844 8 second second JJ 20467 1844 9 year year NN 20467 1844 10 , , , 20467 1844 11 single single JJ 20467 1844 12 or or CC 20467 1844 13 in in IN 20467 1844 14 twos two NNS 20467 1844 15 or or CC 20467 1844 16 threes three NNS 20467 1844 17 , , , 20467 1844 18 sessile sessile NN 20467 1844 19 or or CC 20467 1844 20 on on IN 20467 1844 21 rather rather RB 20467 1844 22 short short JJ 20467 1844 23 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 1844 24 : : : 20467 1844 25 cup cup VB 20467 1844 26 top top RB 20467 1844 27 - - HYPH 20467 1844 28 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1844 29 or or CC 20467 1844 30 cup cup NN 20467 1844 31 - - HYPH 20467 1844 32 shaped shape VBN 20467 1844 33 , , , 20467 1844 34 about about IN 20467 1844 35 half half PDT 20467 1844 36 the the DT 20467 1844 37 length length NN 20467 1844 38 of of IN 20467 1844 39 the the DT 20467 1844 40 acorn acorn NN 20467 1844 41 , , , 20467 1844 42 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1844 43 nearly nearly RB 20467 1844 44 enclosing enclose VBG 20467 1844 45 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1844 46 , , , 20467 1844 47 smooth smooth VB 20467 1844 48 , , , 20467 1844 49 more more RBR 20467 1844 50 or or CC 20467 1844 51 less less RBR 20467 1844 52 polished polished JJ 20467 1844 53 , , , 20467 1844 54 thin thin JJ 20467 1844 55 - - HYPH 20467 1844 56 edged edged JJ 20467 1844 57 ; ; : 20467 1844 58 scales scale NNS 20467 1844 59 closely closely RB 20467 1844 60 appressed appresse VBN 20467 1844 61 , , , 20467 1844 62 firm firm JJ 20467 1844 63 , , , 20467 1844 64 elongated elongate VBD 20467 1844 65 , , , 20467 1844 66 triangular triangular NNP 20467 1844 67 , , , 20467 1844 68 sides side NNS 20467 1844 69 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1844 70 rounded round VBD 20467 1844 71 , , , 20467 1844 72 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 20467 1844 73 in in IN 20467 1844 74 the the DT 20467 1844 75 same same JJ 20467 1844 76 plant plant NN 20467 1844 77 : : : 20467 1844 78 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1844 79 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1844 80 - - SYM 20467 1844 81 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 1844 82 inch inch NN 20467 1844 83 long long JJ 20467 1844 84 , , , 20467 1844 85 variable variable JJ 20467 1844 86 in in IN 20467 1844 87 shape shape NN 20467 1844 88 , , , 20467 1844 89 oftenest oftenest VB 20467 1844 90 oval oval NN 20467 1844 91 to to TO 20467 1844 92 oblong oblong VB 20467 1844 93 : : : 20467 1844 94 kernel kernel NNP 20467 1844 95 white white NNP 20467 1844 96 within within RB 20467 1844 97 ; ; : 20467 1844 98 less less RBR 20467 1844 99 bitter bitter JJ 20467 1844 100 than than IN 20467 1844 101 kernel kernel NN 20467 1844 102 of of IN 20467 1844 103 the the DT 20467 1844 104 black black JJ 20467 1844 105 oak oak NN 20467 1844 106 . . . 20467 1845 1 = = NFP 20467 1845 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1845 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1845 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1845 5 New New NNP 20467 1845 6 England England NNP 20467 1845 7 ; ; : 20467 1845 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1845 9 in in IN 20467 1845 10 any any DT 20467 1845 11 light light JJ 20467 1845 12 , , , 20467 1845 13 well well RB 20467 1845 14 - - HYPH 20467 1845 15 drained drain VBN 20467 1845 16 soil soil NN 20467 1845 17 , , , 20467 1845 18 but but CC 20467 1845 19 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1845 20 a a DT 20467 1845 21 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1845 22 loam loam NN 20467 1845 23 . . . 20467 1846 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1846 2 offered offer VBN 20467 1846 3 by by IN 20467 1846 4 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1846 5 , , , 20467 1846 6 but but CC 20467 1846 7 as as IN 20467 1846 8 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1846 9 is be VBZ 20467 1846 10 disposed dispose VBN 20467 1846 11 to to TO 20467 1846 12 make make VB 20467 1846 13 unsymmetrical unsymmetrical JJ 20467 1846 14 young young JJ 20467 1846 15 trees tree NNS 20467 1846 16 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1846 17 is be VBZ 20467 1846 18 not not RB 20467 1846 19 grown grow VBN 20467 1846 20 in in IN 20467 1846 21 quantity quantity NN 20467 1846 22 , , , 20467 1846 23 and and CC 20467 1846 24 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1846 25 is be VBZ 20467 1846 26 not not RB 20467 1846 27 desirable desirable JJ 20467 1846 28 for for IN 20467 1846 29 streets street NNS 20467 1846 30 . . . 20467 1847 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1847 2 rapid rapid JJ 20467 1847 3 growth growth NN 20467 1847 4 , , , 20467 1847 5 hardiness hardiness NN 20467 1847 6 , , , 20467 1847 7 beauty beauty NN 20467 1847 8 of of IN 20467 1847 9 summer summer NN 20467 1847 10 foliage foliage NN 20467 1847 11 , , , 20467 1847 12 and and CC 20467 1847 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1847 14 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 1847 15 colors color NNS 20467 1847 16 in in IN 20467 1847 17 autumn autumn NN 20467 1847 18 make make VBP 20467 1847 19 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1847 20 desirable desirable JJ 20467 1847 21 in in IN 20467 1847 22 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 1847 23 plantations plantation NNS 20467 1847 24 . . . 20467 1848 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1848 2 from from IN 20467 1848 3 the the DT 20467 1848 4 seed seed NN 20467 1848 5 . . . 20467 1849 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1849 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1849 3 : : : 20467 1849 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1849 5 XLIV.--Quercus XLIV.--Quercus NNP 20467 1849 6 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 1849 7 . . . 20467 1849 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1850 1 1 1 LS 20467 1850 2 . . . 20467 1851 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1851 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1851 3 . . . 20467 1852 1 2 2 LS 20467 1852 2 . . . 20467 1853 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1853 2 branch branch NN 20467 1853 3 . . . 20467 1854 1 3 3 LS 20467 1854 2 . . . 20467 1855 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1855 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1855 3 , , , 20467 1855 4 side side JJ 20467 1855 5 view view NN 20467 1855 6 . . . 20467 1856 1 4 4 LS 20467 1856 2 . . . 20467 1857 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1857 2 flower flower NN 20467 1857 3 , , , 20467 1857 4 side side NN 20467 1857 5 view view NN 20467 1857 6 . . . 20467 1858 1 5 5 CD 20467 1858 2 . . . 20467 1859 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1859 2 branch branch NN 20467 1859 3 . . . 20467 1860 1 = = NFP 20467 1860 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1860 3 velutina velutina NN 20467 1860 4 , , , 20467 1860 5 Lam.= Lam.= NNP 20467 1860 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1860 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1860 8 tinctoria tinctoria VBZ 20467 1860 9 , , , 20467 1860 10 Bartram Bartram NNP 20467 1860 11 . . . 20467 1861 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1861 2 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 1861 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1861 4 , , , 20467 1861 5 var var NN 20467 1861 6 . . . 20467 1862 1 _ _ NNP 20467 1862 2 tinctoria tinctoria NNP 20467 1862 3 , , , 20467 1862 4 Gray Gray NNP 20467 1862 5 . . . 20467 1862 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1862 7 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 1862 8 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1862 9 . . . 20467 1863 1 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 20467 1863 2 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1863 3 . . . 20467 1864 1 = = NFP 20467 1864 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1864 3 and and CC 20467 1864 4 Range.=--Poor Range.=--Poor NNP 20467 1864 5 soils soil NNS 20467 1864 6 ; ; : 20467 1864 7 dry dry JJ 20467 1864 8 or or CC 20467 1864 9 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1864 10 uplands upland NNS 20467 1864 11 ; ; : 20467 1864 12 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1864 13 ridges ridge NNS 20467 1864 14 . . . 20467 1865 1 Southern southern JJ 20467 1865 2 and and CC 20467 1865 3 western western JJ 20467 1865 4 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1865 5 . . . 20467 1866 1 Maine,--York Maine,--York NNP 20467 1866 2 county county NNP 20467 1866 3 ; ; : 20467 1866 4 New New NNP 20467 1866 5 Hampshire,--valley Hampshire,--valley NNP 20467 1866 6 of of IN 20467 1866 7 the the DT 20467 1866 8 lower low JJR 20467 1866 9 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 1866 10 and and CC 20467 1866 11 eastward eastward RB 20467 1866 12 , , , 20467 1866 13 absent absent JJ 20467 1866 14 on on IN 20467 1866 15 the the DT 20467 1866 16 highlands highland NNS 20467 1866 17 , , , 20467 1866 18 reappearing reappear VBG 20467 1866 19 within within IN 20467 1866 20 three three CD 20467 1866 21 or or CC 20467 1866 22 four four CD 20467 1866 23 miles mile NNS 20467 1866 24 of of IN 20467 1866 25 the the DT 20467 1866 26 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1866 27 , , , 20467 1866 28 ceasing cease VBG 20467 1866 29 at at IN 20467 1866 30 North North NNP 20467 1866 31 Charlestown Charlestown NNP 20467 1866 32 ; ; : 20467 1866 33 Vermont,--western vermont,--western JJ 20467 1866 34 and and CC 20467 1866 35 southeastern southeastern JJ 20467 1866 36 sections section NNS 20467 1866 37 ; ; : 20467 1866 38 Massachusetts,--abundant massachusetts,--abundant IN 20467 1866 39 eastward eastward RB 20467 1866 40 ; ; : 20467 1866 41 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1866 42 Island Island NNP 20467 1866 43 and and CC 20467 1866 44 Connecticut,--frequent Connecticut,--frequent NNP 20467 1866 45 . . . 20467 1867 1 South south RB 20467 1867 2 to to IN 20467 1867 3 the the DT 20467 1867 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 1867 5 states state NNS 20467 1867 6 ; ; : 20467 1867 7 west west NN 20467 1867 8 to to IN 20467 1867 9 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1867 10 , , , 20467 1867 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1867 12 , , , 20467 1867 13 Indian indian JJ 20467 1867 14 territory territory NN 20467 1867 15 , , , 20467 1867 16 and and CC 20467 1867 17 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1867 18 . . . 20467 1868 1 = = NFP 20467 1868 2 Habit.=--One habit.=--one NN 20467 1868 3 of of IN 20467 1868 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1868 5 largest large JJS 20467 1868 6 oaks oak NNS 20467 1868 7 , , , 20467 1868 8 50 50 CD 20467 1868 9 - - SYM 20467 1868 10 75 75 CD 20467 1868 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1868 12 high high JJ 20467 1868 13 and and CC 20467 1868 14 2 2 CD 20467 1868 15 - - SYM 20467 1868 16 4 4 CD 20467 1868 17 feet foot NNS 20467 1868 18 in in IN 20467 1868 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 1868 20 , , , 20467 1868 21 exceptionally exceptionally RB 20467 1868 22 much much RB 20467 1868 23 larger large JJR 20467 1868 24 , , , 20467 1868 25 attaining attain VBG 20467 1868 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1868 27 maximum maximum NN 20467 1868 28 in in IN 20467 1868 29 the the DT 20467 1868 30 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1868 31 and and CC 20467 1868 32 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1868 33 basins basin NNS 20467 1868 34 ; ; : 20467 1868 35 resembling resemble VBG 20467 1868 36 _ _ NNP 20467 1868 37 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1869 1 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 1869 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1869 3 in in IN 20467 1869 4 the the DT 20467 1869 5 general general JJ 20467 1869 6 disposition disposition NN 20467 1869 7 of of IN 20467 1869 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1869 9 mostly mostly RB 20467 1869 10 stouter stouter NN 20467 1869 11 branches branch NNS 20467 1869 12 ; ; : 20467 1869 13 head head VBP 20467 1869 14 wide wide RB 20467 1869 15 - - HYPH 20467 1869 16 spreading spread VBG 20467 1869 17 , , , 20467 1869 18 rounded round VBD 20467 1869 19 ; ; : 20467 1869 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 1869 21 short short JJ 20467 1869 22 ; ; : 20467 1869 23 foliage foliage NN 20467 1869 24 deep deep JJ 20467 1869 25 shining shining NN 20467 1869 26 green green JJ 20467 1869 27 , , , 20467 1869 28 turning turn VBG 20467 1869 29 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1869 30 or or CC 20467 1869 31 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1869 32 brown brown NN 20467 1869 33 in in IN 20467 1869 34 autumn autumn NN 20467 1869 35 . . . 20467 1870 1 = = NFP 20467 1870 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1870 3 of of IN 20467 1870 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1870 5 dark dark JJ 20467 1870 6 gray gray NNP 20467 1870 7 or or CC 20467 1870 8 blackish blackish NN 20467 1870 9 , , , 20467 1870 10 often often RB 20467 1870 11 lighter lighter RBR 20467 1870 12 near near IN 20467 1870 13 the the DT 20467 1870 14 seashore seashore NN 20467 1870 15 , , , 20467 1870 16 thick thick JJ 20467 1870 17 , , , 20467 1870 18 usually usually RB 20467 1870 19 rough rough JJ 20467 1870 20 near near IN 20467 1870 21 the the DT 20467 1870 22 ground ground NN 20467 1870 23 even even RB 20467 1870 24 in in IN 20467 1870 25 young young JJ 20467 1870 26 trees tree NNS 20467 1870 27 , , , 20467 1870 28 in in IN 20467 1870 29 old old JJ 20467 1870 30 trees tree NNS 20467 1870 31 deeply deeply RB 20467 1870 32 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1870 33 , , , 20467 1870 34 separating separate VBG 20467 1870 35 into into IN 20467 1870 36 narrow narrow JJ 20467 1870 37 , , , 20467 1870 38 thick thick JJ 20467 1870 39 , , , 20467 1870 40 and and CC 20467 1870 41 firmly firmly RB 20467 1870 42 adherent adherent JJ 20467 1870 43 block block NN 20467 1870 44 - - HYPH 20467 1870 45 like like JJ 20467 1870 46 strips strip NNS 20467 1870 47 ; ; : 20467 1870 48 inner inner JJ 20467 1870 49 bark bark NN 20467 1870 50 thick thick JJ 20467 1870 51 , , , 20467 1870 52 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1870 53 , , , 20467 1870 54 and and CC 20467 1870 55 bitter bitter JJ 20467 1870 56 ; ; : 20467 1870 57 branches branch NNS 20467 1870 58 and and CC 20467 1870 59 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1870 60 a a DT 20467 1870 61 nearly nearly RB 20467 1870 62 uniform uniform JJ 20467 1870 63 , , , 20467 1870 64 mottled mottle VBN 20467 1870 65 gray gray JJ 20467 1870 66 ; ; : 20467 1870 67 season season NN 20467 1870 68 's 's POS 20467 1870 69 shoots shoot VBZ 20467 1870 70 scurfy scurfy NNP 20467 1870 71 - - HYPH 20467 1870 72 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1870 73 . . . 20467 1871 1 = = NFP 20467 1871 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1871 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1871 4 and and CC 20467 1871 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1871 6 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 1871 7 - - HYPH 20467 1871 8 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 1871 9 inch inch NN 20467 1871 10 long long RB 20467 1871 11 , , , 20467 1871 12 bluntish bluntish JJ 20467 1871 13 to to IN 20467 1871 14 pointed point VBN 20467 1871 15 , , , 20467 1871 16 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 1871 17 clustered cluster VBN 20467 1871 18 at at IN 20467 1871 19 ends end NNS 20467 1871 20 of of IN 20467 1871 21 branches branch NNS 20467 1871 22 . . . 20467 1872 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1872 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1872 3 , , , 20467 1872 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1872 5 , , , 20467 1872 6 of of IN 20467 1872 7 two two CD 20467 1872 8 forms form NNS 20467 1872 9 so so RB 20467 1872 10 distinct distinct JJ 20467 1872 11 as as IN 20467 1872 12 to to TO 20467 1872 13 suggest suggest VB 20467 1872 14 different different JJ 20467 1872 15 species specie NNS 20467 1872 16 , , , 20467 1872 17 _ _ NNP 20467 1872 18 a a DT 20467 1872 19 _ _ NNP 20467 1872 20 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1872 21 Plate Plate NNP 20467 1872 22 XLV XLV NNP 20467 1872 23 , , , 20467 1872 24 8) 8) CD 20467 1872 25 varying varying NN 20467 1872 26 towards towards IN 20467 1872 27 _ _ NNP 20467 1872 28 b b NNP 20467 1872 29 _ _ NNP 20467 1872 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1872 31 Plate Plate NNP 20467 1872 32 XLV XLV NNP 20467 1872 33 , , , 20467 1872 34 6 6 CD 20467 1872 35 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1872 36 , , , 20467 1872 37 and and CC 20467 1872 38 _ _ NNP 20467 1872 39 b b NNP 20467 1872 40 _ _ NNP 20467 1872 41 often often RB 20467 1872 42 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 1872 43 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 1872 44 from from IN 20467 1872 45 the the DT 20467 1872 46 leaf leaf NN 20467 1872 47 of of IN 20467 1872 48 the the DT 20467 1872 49 scarlet scarlet JJ 20467 1872 50 oak oak NN 20467 1872 51 ; ; : 20467 1872 52 in in IN 20467 1872 53 both both DT 20467 1872 54 forms form NNS 20467 1872 55 outline outline VBP 20467 1872 56 obovate obovate JJ 20467 1872 57 to to IN 20467 1872 58 oval oval NN 20467 1872 59 , , , 20467 1872 60 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1872 61 usually usually RB 20467 1872 62 7 7 CD 20467 1872 63 , , , 20467 1872 64 densely densely RB 20467 1872 65 woolly woolly RB 20467 1872 66 when when WRB 20467 1872 67 opening opening NN 20467 1872 68 , , , 20467 1872 69 more more RBR 20467 1872 70 or or CC 20467 1872 71 less less RBR 20467 1872 72 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1872 73 or or CC 20467 1872 74 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 1872 75 till till IN 20467 1872 76 midsummer midsummer NNP 20467 1872 77 or or CC 20467 1872 78 later later RB 20467 1872 79 , , , 20467 1872 80 dark dark JJ 20467 1872 81 shining shining NN 20467 1872 82 green green NN 20467 1872 83 above above RB 20467 1872 84 , , , 20467 1872 85 lighter lighter RBR 20467 1872 86 beneath beneath RB 20467 1872 87 , , , 20467 1872 88 becoming become VBG 20467 1872 89 brown brown JJ 20467 1872 90 or or CC 20467 1872 91 dull dull JJ 20467 1872 92 red red NN 20467 1872 93 in in IN 20467 1872 94 autumn autumn NN 20467 1872 95 . . . 20467 1873 1 Form Form NNP 20467 1873 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1873 3 a a DT 20467 1873 4 _ _ NNP 20467 1873 5 , , , 20467 1873 6 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1873 7 shallow shallow JJ 20467 1873 8 , , , 20467 1873 9 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1873 10 broad broad JJ 20467 1873 11 , , , 20467 1873 12 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1873 13 , , , 20467 1873 14 mucronate mucronate JJ 20467 1873 15 . . . 20467 1874 1 Form Form NNP 20467 1874 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1874 3 b b NNP 20467 1874 4 _ _ NNP 20467 1874 5 , , , 20467 1874 6 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1874 7 deep deep JJ 20467 1874 8 , , , 20467 1874 9 extending extend VBG 20467 1874 10 halfway halfway RB 20467 1874 11 to to IN 20467 1874 12 the the DT 20467 1874 13 midrib midrib NN 20467 1874 14 or or CC 20467 1874 15 farther farther RB 20467 1874 16 , , , 20467 1874 17 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1874 18 or or CC 20467 1874 19 triangular triangular JJ 20467 1874 20 , , , 20467 1874 21 bristle bristle NN 20467 1874 22 - - HYPH 20467 1874 23 tipped tip VBN 20467 1874 24 . . . 20467 1875 1 = = NFP 20467 1875 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early RB 20467 1875 3 in in IN 20467 1875 4 May. May NNP 20467 1876 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1876 2 when when WRB 20467 1876 3 the the DT 20467 1876 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1876 5 are be VBP 20467 1876 6 half half RB 20467 1876 7 grown grown JJ 20467 1876 8 ; ; : 20467 1876 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1876 10 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1876 11 2 2 CD 20467 1876 12 - - SYM 20467 1876 13 5 5 CD 20467 1876 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1876 15 long long JJ 20467 1876 16 , , , 20467 1876 17 with with IN 20467 1876 18 slender slender NN 20467 1876 19 , , , 20467 1876 20 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1876 21 threads thread NNS 20467 1876 22 ; ; : 20467 1876 23 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1876 24 usually usually RB 20467 1876 25 3 3 CD 20467 1876 26 - - SYM 20467 1876 27 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1876 28 ; ; : 20467 1876 29 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1876 30 ovate ovate NN 20467 1876 31 , , , 20467 1876 32 acute acute JJ 20467 1876 33 to to IN 20467 1876 34 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1876 35 , , , 20467 1876 36 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1876 37 - - HYPH 20467 1876 38 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1876 39 ; ; : 20467 1876 40 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1876 41 3 3 CD 20467 1876 42 - - SYM 20467 1876 43 7 7 CD 20467 1876 44 , , , 20467 1876 45 commonly commonly RB 20467 1876 46 4 4 CD 20467 1876 47 - - SYM 20467 1876 48 5 5 CD 20467 1876 49 ; ; : 20467 1876 50 anthers anther NNS 20467 1876 51 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1876 52 : : : 20467 1876 53 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1876 54 flowers flower NNS 20467 1876 55 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1876 56 , , , 20467 1876 57 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1876 58 , , , 20467 1876 59 at at IN 20467 1876 60 first first RB 20467 1876 61 nearly nearly RB 20467 1876 62 sessile sessile VB 20467 1876 63 ; ; : 20467 1876 64 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1876 65 3 3 CD 20467 1876 66 , , , 20467 1876 67 red red JJ 20467 1876 68 , , , 20467 1876 69 divergent divergent JJ 20467 1876 70 , , , 20467 1876 71 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 1876 72 . . . 20467 1877 1 = = NFP 20467 1877 2 Fruit.=--Maturing Fruit.=--Maturing `` 20467 1877 3 the the DT 20467 1877 4 second second JJ 20467 1877 5 year year NN 20467 1877 6 ; ; : 20467 1877 7 nearly nearly RB 20467 1877 8 sessile sessile JJ 20467 1877 9 or or CC 20467 1877 10 on on IN 20467 1877 11 short short JJ 20467 1877 12 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 1877 13 : : : 20467 1877 14 cup cup VB 20467 1877 15 top top RB 20467 1877 16 - - HYPH 20467 1877 17 shaped shape VBN 20467 1877 18 to to IN 20467 1877 19 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 1877 20 ; ; : 20467 1877 21 scales scale VBZ 20467 1877 22 less less RBR 20467 1877 23 firm firm JJ 20467 1877 24 than than IN 20467 1877 25 in in IN 20467 1877 26 _ _ NNP 20467 1877 27 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1878 1 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 1878 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1878 3 , , , 20467 1878 4 tips tip NNS 20467 1878 5 papery papery NN 20467 1878 6 and and CC 20467 1878 7 transversely transversely RB 20467 1878 8 rugulose rugulose VB 20467 1878 9 , , , 20467 1878 10 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1878 11 or or CC 20467 1878 12 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1878 13 , , , 20467 1878 14 or or CC 20467 1878 15 some some DT 20467 1878 16 of of IN 20467 1878 17 them -PRON- PRP 20467 1878 18 acutish acutish VBP 20467 1878 19 , , , 20467 1878 20 often often RB 20467 1878 21 lacerate lacerate JJ 20467 1878 22 - - HYPH 20467 1878 23 edged edged JJ 20467 1878 24 , , , 20467 1878 25 loose loose JJ 20467 1878 26 towards towards IN 20467 1878 27 the the DT 20467 1878 28 thick thick JJ 20467 1878 29 and and CC 20467 1878 30 open open JJ 20467 1878 31 edge edge NN 20467 1878 32 of of IN 20467 1878 33 the the DT 20467 1878 34 cup cup NN 20467 1878 35 : : : 20467 1878 36 acorn acorn NNP 20467 1878 37 small small JJ 20467 1878 38 : : : 20467 1878 39 kernel kernel NNP 20467 1878 40 yellow yellow NN 20467 1878 41 within within IN 20467 1878 42 and and CC 20467 1878 43 bitter bitter JJ 20467 1878 44 . . . 20467 1879 1 = = NFP 20467 1879 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1879 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1879 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1879 5 New New NNP 20467 1879 6 England England NNP 20467 1879 7 ; ; : 20467 1879 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1879 9 in in IN 20467 1879 10 well well RB 20467 1879 11 - - HYPH 20467 1879 12 drained drain VBN 20467 1879 13 soils soil NNS 20467 1879 14 , , , 20467 1879 15 but but CC 20467 1879 16 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1879 17 a a DT 20467 1879 18 rich rich JJ 20467 1879 19 , , , 20467 1879 20 moist moist JJ 20467 1879 21 loam loam NN 20467 1879 22 ; ; : 20467 1879 23 of of IN 20467 1879 24 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 1879 25 and and CC 20467 1879 26 rapid rapid JJ 20467 1879 27 growth growth NN 20467 1879 28 when when WRB 20467 1879 29 young young JJ 20467 1879 30 , , , 20467 1879 31 but but CC 20467 1879 32 as as IN 20467 1879 33 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1879 34 soon soon RB 20467 1879 35 begins begin VBZ 20467 1879 36 to to TO 20467 1879 37 show show VB 20467 1879 38 dead dead JJ 20467 1879 39 branches branch NNS 20467 1879 40 and and CC 20467 1879 41 becomes become VBZ 20467 1879 42 unsightly unsightly RB 20467 1879 43 , , , 20467 1879 44 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1879 45 is be VBZ 20467 1879 46 not not RB 20467 1879 47 a a DT 20467 1879 48 desirable desirable JJ 20467 1879 49 tree tree NN 20467 1879 50 to to TO 20467 1879 51 plant plant VB 20467 1879 52 , , , 20467 1879 53 and and CC 20467 1879 54 is be VBZ 20467 1879 55 rarely rarely RB 20467 1879 56 offered offer VBN 20467 1879 57 by by IN 20467 1879 58 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 1879 59 . . . 20467 1880 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1880 2 from from IN 20467 1880 3 seed seed NN 20467 1880 4 . . . 20467 1881 1 = = NFP 20467 1881 2 Note.=--Apparently note.=--apparently RB 20467 1881 3 runs run VBZ 20467 1881 4 into into IN 20467 1881 5 _ _ NNP 20467 1881 6 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1882 1 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 1882 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1882 3 , , , 20467 1882 4 from from IN 20467 1882 5 which which WDT 20467 1882 6 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1882 7 may may MD 20467 1882 8 be be VB 20467 1882 9 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 1882 10 by by IN 20467 1882 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1882 12 rougher rougher NN 20467 1882 13 and and CC 20467 1882 14 darker dark JJR 20467 1882 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 1882 16 , , , 20467 1882 17 the the DT 20467 1882 18 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1882 19 color color NN 20467 1882 20 and and CC 20467 1882 21 bitter bitter JJ 20467 1882 22 taste taste NN 20467 1882 23 of of IN 20467 1882 24 the the DT 20467 1882 25 inner inner JJ 20467 1882 26 bark bark NN 20467 1882 27 , , , 20467 1882 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1882 29 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1882 30 larger large JJR 20467 1882 31 and and CC 20467 1882 32 more more RBR 20467 1882 33 pointed pointed JJ 20467 1882 34 buds bud NNS 20467 1882 35 , , , 20467 1882 36 the the DT 20467 1882 37 greater great JJR 20467 1882 38 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 1882 39 of of IN 20467 1882 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1882 41 inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 1882 42 , , , 20467 1882 43 young young JJ 20467 1882 44 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1882 45 and and CC 20467 1882 46 leaves leave NNS 20467 1882 47 , , , 20467 1882 48 the the DT 20467 1882 49 longer long JJR 20467 1882 50 continuance continuance NN 20467 1882 51 of of IN 20467 1882 52 scurf scurf NN 20467 1882 53 or or CC 20467 1882 54 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 1882 55 upon upon IN 20467 1882 56 the the DT 20467 1882 57 leaves leave NNS 20467 1882 58 , , , 20467 1882 59 the the DT 20467 1882 60 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1882 61 or or CC 20467 1882 62 dull dull JJ 20467 1882 63 red red JJ 20467 1882 64 shades shade NNS 20467 1882 65 of of IN 20467 1882 66 the the DT 20467 1882 67 autumn autumn NN 20467 1882 68 foliage foliage NN 20467 1882 69 , , , 20467 1882 70 and and CC 20467 1882 71 by by IN 20467 1882 72 the the DT 20467 1882 73 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1882 74 color color NN 20467 1882 75 and and CC 20467 1882 76 bitter bitter JJ 20467 1882 77 taste taste NN 20467 1882 78 of of IN 20467 1882 79 the the DT 20467 1882 80 nut nut NN 20467 1882 81 . . . 20467 1883 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1883 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1883 3 : : : 20467 1883 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1883 5 XLV.--Quercus XLV.--Quercus NNP 20467 1883 6 velutina velutina NN 20467 1883 7 . . . 20467 1883 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1884 1 1 1 LS 20467 1884 2 . . . 20467 1885 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1885 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1885 3 . . . 20467 1886 1 2 2 LS 20467 1886 2 . . . 20467 1887 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1887 2 branch branch NN 20467 1887 3 . . . 20467 1888 1 3 3 LS 20467 1888 2 . . . 20467 1889 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1889 2 flower flower NN 20467 1889 3 , , , 20467 1889 4 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 1889 5 calyx calyx NN 20467 1889 6 . . . 20467 1890 1 4 4 LS 20467 1890 2 . . . 20467 1891 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1891 2 flower flower NN 20467 1891 3 , , , 20467 1891 4 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 1891 5 calyx calyx NN 20467 1891 6 . . . 20467 1892 1 5 5 CD 20467 1892 2 . . . 20467 1893 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1893 2 flower flower NN 20467 1893 3 . . . 20467 1894 1 6 6 CD 20467 1894 2 . . . 20467 1895 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1895 2 branch branch NN 20467 1895 3 . . . 20467 1896 1 7 7 LS 20467 1896 2 . . . 20467 1897 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 1897 2 . . . 20467 1898 1 8 8 LS 20467 1898 2 . . . 20467 1899 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 1899 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 1899 3 . . . 20467 1900 1 = = NFP 20467 1900 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1900 3 palustris palustris NN 20467 1900 4 , , , 20467 1900 5 Du Du NNP 20467 1900 6 Roi.= Roi.= NNP 20467 1900 7 PIN PIN NNP 20467 1900 8 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1900 9 . . . 20467 1901 1 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 1901 2 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1901 3 . . . 20467 1902 1 WATER water NN 20467 1902 2 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1902 3 . . . 20467 1903 1 = = NFP 20467 1903 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1903 3 and and CC 20467 1903 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low JJ 20467 1903 5 grounds ground NNS 20467 1903 6 , , , 20467 1903 7 borders border NNS 20467 1903 8 of of IN 20467 1903 9 forests forest NNS 20467 1903 10 , , , 20467 1903 11 wet wet JJ 20467 1903 12 woods wood NNS 20467 1903 13 , , , 20467 1903 14 river river NN 20467 1903 15 banks bank NNS 20467 1903 16 , , , 20467 1903 17 islets islet NNS 20467 1903 18 in in IN 20467 1903 19 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1903 20 . . . 20467 1904 1 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 1904 2 . . . 20467 1905 1 Northern Northern NNP 20467 1905 2 New New NNP 20467 1905 3 England,--no england,--no NN 20467 1905 4 station station NN 20467 1905 5 reported report VBD 20467 1905 6 ; ; : 20467 1905 7 Massachusetts,--Amherst Massachusetts,--Amherst NNP 20467 1905 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1905 9 Stone Stone NNP 20467 1905 10 , , , 20467 1905 11 _ _ NNP 20467 1905 12 Bull Bull NNP 20467 1905 13 . . . 20467 1906 1 Torrey Torrey NNP 20467 1906 2 Club Club NNP 20467 1906 3 _ _ NNP 20467 1906 4 , , , 20467 1906 5 IX IX NNP 20467 1906 6 , , , 20467 1906 7 57 57 CD 20467 1906 8 ; ; : 20467 1906 9 J. J. NNP 20467 1906 10 E. E. NNP 20467 1906 11 Humphrey Humphrey NNP 20467 1906 12 , , , 20467 1906 13 _ _ NNP 20467 1906 14 Amherst Amherst NNP 20467 1906 15 Trees Trees NNP 20467 1906 16 _ _ NNP 20467 1906 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1906 18 ; ; : 20467 1906 19 Springfield Springfield NNP 20467 1906 20 , , , 20467 1906 21 south south NN 20467 1906 22 to to IN 20467 1906 23 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1906 24 , , , 20467 1906 25 rare rare JJ 20467 1906 26 ; ; : 20467 1906 27 Rhode rhode NN 20467 1906 28 Island,--southern island,--southern CD 20467 1906 29 portions portion NNS 20467 1906 30 , , , 20467 1906 31 bordering border VBG 20467 1906 32 the the DT 20467 1906 33 great great JJ 20467 1906 34 Kingston Kingston NNP 20467 1906 35 swamp swamp NN 20467 1906 36 , , , 20467 1906 37 and and CC 20467 1906 38 on on IN 20467 1906 39 the the DT 20467 1906 40 margin margin NN 20467 1906 41 of of IN 20467 1906 42 the the DT 20467 1906 43 Pawcatuck Pawcatuck NNP 20467 1906 44 river river NN 20467 1906 45 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1906 46 L. L. NNP 20467 1906 47 W. W. NNP 20467 1906 48 Russell Russell NNP 20467 1906 49 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1906 50 ; ; : 20467 1906 51 Connecticut,--common connecticut,--common VB 20467 1906 52 along along IN 20467 1906 53 the the DT 20467 1906 54 sound sound NN 20467 1906 55 , , , 20467 1906 56 frequent frequent JJ 20467 1906 57 northward northward RB 20467 1906 58 , , , 20467 1906 59 extending extend VBG 20467 1906 60 along along IN 20467 1906 61 the the DT 20467 1906 62 valley valley NN 20467 1906 63 of of IN 20467 1906 64 the the DT 20467 1906 65 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1906 66 river river NN 20467 1906 67 to to IN 20467 1906 68 the the DT 20467 1906 69 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1906 70 line line NN 20467 1906 71 . . . 20467 1907 1 South south RB 20467 1907 2 to to IN 20467 1907 3 the the DT 20467 1907 4 valley valley NN 20467 1907 5 of of IN 20467 1907 6 the the DT 20467 1907 7 lower low JJR 20467 1907 8 Potomac Potomac NNP 20467 1907 9 in in IN 20467 1907 10 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 1907 11 ; ; : 20467 1907 12 west west NN 20467 1907 13 to to IN 20467 1907 14 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 1907 15 , , , 20467 1907 16 east east NN 20467 1907 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1907 18 , , , 20467 1907 19 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 1907 20 , , , 20467 1907 21 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 1907 22 , , , 20467 1907 23 and and CC 20467 1907 24 Indian indian JJ 20467 1907 25 territory territory NN 20467 1907 26 . . . 20467 1908 1 = = NFP 20467 1908 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 1908 3 medium medium JJ 20467 1908 4 - - HYPH 20467 1908 5 sized sized JJ 20467 1908 6 tree tree NN 20467 1908 7 , , , 20467 1908 8 40 40 CD 20467 1908 9 - - SYM 20467 1908 10 50 50 CD 20467 1908 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1908 12 high high JJ 20467 1908 13 , , , 20467 1908 14 with with IN 20467 1908 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 1908 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 1908 17 of of IN 20467 1908 18 1 1 CD 20467 1908 19 - - SYM 20467 1908 20 2 2 CD 20467 1908 21 feet foot NNS 20467 1908 22 , , , 20467 1908 23 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 1908 24 reaching reach VBG 20467 1908 25 a a DT 20467 1908 26 height height NN 20467 1908 27 of of IN 20467 1908 28 60 60 CD 20467 1908 29 - - SYM 20467 1908 30 70 70 CD 20467 1908 31 feet foot NNS 20467 1908 32 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1908 33 L. L. NNP 20467 1908 34 W. W. NNP 20467 1908 35 Russell Russell NNP 20467 1908 36 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1908 37 , , , 20467 1908 38 but but CC 20467 1908 39 attaining attain VBG 20467 1908 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1908 41 maximum maximum NN 20467 1908 42 of of IN 20467 1908 43 100 100 CD 20467 1908 44 feet foot NNS 20467 1908 45 in in IN 20467 1908 46 height height NN 20467 1908 47 and and CC 20467 1908 48 upward upward RB 20467 1908 49 in in IN 20467 1908 50 the the DT 20467 1908 51 basins basin NNS 20467 1908 52 of of IN 20467 1908 53 the the DT 20467 1908 54 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1908 55 and and CC 20467 1908 56 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 1908 57 rivers river NNS 20467 1908 58 ; ; : 20467 1908 59 trunk trunk NN 20467 1908 60 rather rather RB 20467 1908 61 slender slender RBR 20467 1908 62 , , , 20467 1908 63 often often RB 20467 1908 64 fringed fringe VBN 20467 1908 65 with with IN 20467 1908 66 short short JJ 20467 1908 67 , , , 20467 1908 68 drooping droop VBG 20467 1908 69 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1908 70 , , , 20467 1908 71 lower low JJR 20467 1908 72 tier tier NN 20467 1908 73 of of IN 20467 1908 74 branches branch NNS 20467 1908 75 short short JJ 20467 1908 76 and and CC 20467 1908 77 mostly mostly RB 20467 1908 78 descending descend VBG 20467 1908 79 , , , 20467 1908 80 the the DT 20467 1908 81 upper upper JJ 20467 1908 82 long long JJ 20467 1908 83 , , , 20467 1908 84 slender slender NN 20467 1908 85 , , , 20467 1908 86 and and CC 20467 1908 87 often often RB 20467 1908 88 beset beset VBP 20467 1908 89 with with IN 20467 1908 90 short short JJ 20467 1908 91 , , , 20467 1908 92 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1908 93 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1908 94 , , , 20467 1908 95 which which WDT 20467 1908 96 give give VBP 20467 1908 97 rise rise NN 20467 1908 98 to to IN 20467 1908 99 the the DT 20467 1908 100 common common JJ 20467 1908 101 name name NN 20467 1908 102 ; ; : 20467 1908 103 head head NN 20467 1908 104 graceful graceful JJ 20467 1908 105 , , , 20467 1908 106 open open JJ 20467 1908 107 , , , 20467 1908 108 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1908 109 and and CC 20467 1908 110 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 1908 111 when when WRB 20467 1908 112 young young JJ 20467 1908 113 , , , 20467 1908 114 in in IN 20467 1908 115 old old JJ 20467 1908 116 age age NN 20467 1908 117 becoming become VBG 20467 1908 118 more more RBR 20467 1908 119 or or CC 20467 1908 120 less less RBR 20467 1908 121 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1908 122 ; ; : 20467 1908 123 foliage foliage VB 20467 1908 124 delicate delicate JJ 20467 1908 125 ; ; : 20467 1908 126 bright bright JJ 20467 1908 127 shining shine VBG 20467 1908 128 green green NN 20467 1908 129 in in IN 20467 1908 130 autumn autumn NN 20467 1908 131 , , , 20467 1908 132 often often RB 20467 1908 133 turning turn VBG 20467 1908 134 to to IN 20467 1908 135 a a DT 20467 1908 136 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 1908 137 scarlet scarlet NN 20467 1908 138 . . . 20467 1909 1 = = NFP 20467 1909 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 1909 3 of of IN 20467 1909 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 1909 5 dark dark NN 20467 1909 6 , , , 20467 1909 7 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1909 8 and and CC 20467 1909 9 broken break VBN 20467 1909 10 in in IN 20467 1909 11 old old JJ 20467 1909 12 trees tree NNS 20467 1909 13 , , , 20467 1909 14 in in IN 20467 1909 15 young young JJ 20467 1909 16 trees tree NNS 20467 1909 17 grayish grayish NN 20467 1909 18 - - HYPH 20467 1909 19 brown brown JJ 20467 1909 20 , , , 20467 1909 21 smoothish smoothish NN 20467 1909 22 ; ; : 20467 1909 23 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1909 24 shining shine VBG 20467 1909 25 , , , 20467 1909 26 light light JJ 20467 1909 27 brown brown NNP 20467 1909 28 . . . 20467 1910 1 = = NFP 20467 1910 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1910 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1910 4 and and CC 20467 1910 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1910 6 short short JJ 20467 1910 7 , , , 20467 1910 8 conical conical JJ 20467 1910 9 , , , 20467 1910 10 acute acute JJ 20467 1910 11 . . . 20467 1911 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1911 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1911 3 , , , 20467 1911 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1911 5 , , , 20467 1911 6 3 3 CD 20467 1911 7 - - SYM 20467 1911 8 5 5 CD 20467 1911 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1911 10 long long JJ 20467 1911 11 , , , 20467 1911 12 bright bright JJ 20467 1911 13 green green JJ 20467 1911 14 , , , 20467 1911 15 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1911 16 and and CC 20467 1911 17 shining shine VBG 20467 1911 18 above above RB 20467 1911 19 , , , 20467 1911 20 duller dull JJR 20467 1911 21 beneath beneath IN 20467 1911 22 , , , 20467 1911 23 with with IN 20467 1911 24 tufted tufted JJ 20467 1911 25 hairs hair NNS 20467 1911 26 in in IN 20467 1911 27 the the DT 20467 1911 28 angles angle NNS 20467 1911 29 of of IN 20467 1911 30 the the DT 20467 1911 31 veins vein NNS 20467 1911 32 ; ; , 20467 1911 33 outline outline VB 20467 1911 34 broadly broadly RB 20467 1911 35 obovate obovate JJ 20467 1911 36 to to TO 20467 1911 37 ovate ovate VB 20467 1911 38 ; ; , 20467 1911 39 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1911 40 divergent divergent NNP 20467 1911 41 , , , 20467 1911 42 triangular triangular NNP 20467 1911 43 , , , 20467 1911 44 toothed toothed JJ 20467 1911 45 or or CC 20467 1911 46 entire entire JJ 20467 1911 47 , , , 20467 1911 48 bristle bristle NN 20467 1911 49 - - HYPH 20467 1911 50 pointed point VBD 20467 1911 51 ; ; : 20467 1911 52 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 1911 53 broad broad RB 20467 1911 54 , , , 20467 1911 55 rounded round VBD 20467 1911 56 ; ; : 20467 1911 57 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1911 58 slender slender NN 20467 1911 59 ; ; : 20467 1911 60 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1911 61 linear linear NNP 20467 1911 62 , , , 20467 1911 63 soon soon RB 20467 1911 64 falling fall VBG 20467 1911 65 . . . 20467 1912 1 = = NFP 20467 1912 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 1912 3 . . . 20467 1913 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1913 2 when when WRB 20467 1913 3 the the DT 20467 1913 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1913 5 are be VBP 20467 1913 6 half half RB 20467 1913 7 grown grown JJ 20467 1913 8 ; ; : 20467 1913 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1913 10 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1913 11 2 2 CD 20467 1913 12 - - SYM 20467 1913 13 4 4 CD 20467 1913 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1913 15 long long JJ 20467 1913 16 ; ; : 20467 1913 17 segments segment NNS 20467 1913 18 of of IN 20467 1913 19 calyx calyx NN 20467 1913 20 mostly mostly RB 20467 1913 21 4 4 CD 20467 1913 22 or or CC 20467 1913 23 5 5 CD 20467 1913 24 , , , 20467 1913 25 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 1913 26 or or CC 20467 1913 27 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1913 28 , , , 20467 1913 29 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1913 30 lacerate lacerate JJ 20467 1913 31 ; ; : 20467 1913 32 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1913 33 mostly mostly RB 20467 1913 34 4 4 CD 20467 1913 35 or or CC 20467 1913 36 5 5 CD 20467 1913 37 , , , 20467 1913 38 anthers anther NNS 20467 1913 39 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1913 40 , , , 20467 1913 41 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 1913 42 : : : 20467 1913 43 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1913 44 flowers flower NNS 20467 1913 45 with with IN 20467 1913 46 broadly broadly RB 20467 1913 47 ovate ovate JJ 20467 1913 48 scales scale NNS 20467 1913 49 ; ; , 20467 1913 50 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1913 51 stout stout RB 20467 1913 52 , , , 20467 1913 53 red red NNP 20467 1913 54 , , , 20467 1913 55 reflexed reflexe VBD 20467 1913 56 . . . 20467 1914 1 = = LS 20467 1914 2 Fruit.=--Abundant Fruit.=--Abundant '' 20467 1914 3 , , , 20467 1914 4 maturing mature VBG 20467 1914 5 the the DT 20467 1914 6 second second JJ 20467 1914 7 season season NN 20467 1914 8 , , , 20467 1914 9 short short JJ 20467 1914 10 - - HYPH 20467 1914 11 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 1914 12 : : : 20467 1914 13 cup cup NN 20467 1914 14 saucer saucer NN 20467 1914 15 - - HYPH 20467 1914 16 shaped shape VBN 20467 1914 17 , , , 20467 1914 18 with with IN 20467 1914 19 firm firm NN 20467 1914 20 , , , 20467 1914 21 appressed appresse VBN 20467 1914 22 scales scale NNS 20467 1914 23 , , , 20467 1914 24 shallow shallow JJ 20467 1914 25 : : : 20467 1914 26 acorns acorns NNP 20467 1914 27 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1914 28 to to TO 20467 1914 29 globose globose VB 20467 1914 30 , , , 20467 1914 31 about about RB 20467 1914 32 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1914 33 inch inch NN 20467 1914 34 long long JJ 20467 1914 35 , , , 20467 1914 36 often often RB 20467 1914 37 striate striate JJ 20467 1914 38 , , , 20467 1914 39 breadth breadth NN 20467 1914 40 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1914 41 equal equal JJ 20467 1914 42 to to IN 20467 1914 43 entire entire JJ 20467 1914 44 length length NN 20467 1914 45 of of IN 20467 1914 46 fruit fruit NN 20467 1914 47 . . . 20467 1915 1 = = NFP 20467 1915 2 Horticultural Horticultural NNP 20467 1915 3 Value.=--Probably value.=--probably RB 20467 1915 4 hardy hardy JJ 20467 1915 5 throughout throughout IN 20467 1915 6 New New NNP 20467 1915 7 England England NNP 20467 1915 8 ; ; : 20467 1915 9 grows grow VBZ 20467 1915 10 in in IN 20467 1915 11 wet wet JJ 20467 1915 12 soils soil NNS 20467 1915 13 , , , 20467 1915 14 but but CC 20467 1915 15 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1915 16 a a DT 20467 1915 17 rich rich JJ 20467 1915 18 , , , 20467 1915 19 moist moist JJ 20467 1915 20 loam loam NN 20467 1915 21 ; ; : 20467 1915 22 of of IN 20467 1915 23 rapid rapid JJ 20467 1915 24 and and CC 20467 1915 25 uniform uniform JJ 20467 1915 26 growth growth NN 20467 1915 27 , , , 20467 1915 28 readily readily RB 20467 1915 29 and and CC 20467 1915 30 safely safely RB 20467 1915 31 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 1915 32 , , , 20467 1915 33 and and CC 20467 1915 34 but but CC 20467 1915 35 little little JJ 20467 1915 36 disfigured disfigure VBN 20467 1915 37 by by IN 20467 1915 38 insects insect NNS 20467 1915 39 ; ; , 20467 1915 40 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 1915 41 in in IN 20467 1915 42 leading lead VBG 20467 1915 43 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1915 44 . . . 20467 1916 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 1916 2 from from IN 20467 1916 3 the the DT 20467 1916 4 seed seed NN 20467 1916 5 . . . 20467 1917 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1917 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1917 3 : : : 20467 1917 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1917 5 XLVI.--Quercus xlvi.--quercus NN 20467 1917 6 palustris palustris NN 20467 1917 7 . . . 20467 1917 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1918 1 1 1 LS 20467 1918 2 . . . 20467 1919 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1919 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1919 3 . . . 20467 1920 1 2 2 LS 20467 1920 2 . . . 20467 1921 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1921 2 branch branch NN 20467 1921 3 . . . 20467 1922 1 3 3 LS 20467 1922 2 . . . 20467 1923 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1923 2 flower flower NN 20467 1923 3 , , , 20467 1923 4 side side NN 20467 1923 5 view view NN 20467 1923 6 . . . 20467 1924 1 4 4 LS 20467 1924 2 . . . 20467 1925 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1925 2 flower flower NN 20467 1925 3 , , , 20467 1925 4 side side NN 20467 1925 5 view view NN 20467 1925 6 . . . 20467 1926 1 5 5 CD 20467 1926 2 . . . 20467 1927 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1927 2 branch branch NN 20467 1927 3 . . . 20467 1928 1 = = NFP 20467 1928 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1928 3 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 1928 4 , , , 20467 1928 5 Wang.= Wang.= NNP 20467 1928 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1928 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1928 8 nana nana NNP 20467 1928 9 , , , 20467 1928 10 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 1928 11 . . . 20467 1929 1 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 1929 2 pumila pumila NNP 20467 1929 3 , , , 20467 1929 4 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 1929 5 . . . 20467 1929 6 _ _ NNP 20467 1929 7 SCRUB SCRUB NNP 20467 1929 8 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1929 9 . . . 20467 1930 1 BEAR BEAR NNP 20467 1930 2 OAK OAK NNP 20467 1930 3 . . . 20467 1931 1 = = NFP 20467 1931 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1931 3 and and CC 20467 1931 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 1931 5 poor poor JJ 20467 1931 6 soils soil NNS 20467 1931 7 ; ; : 20467 1931 8 sandy sandy NNP 20467 1931 9 plains plain NNS 20467 1931 10 , , , 20467 1931 11 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1931 12 or or CC 20467 1931 13 rocky rocky JJ 20467 1931 14 hills hill NNS 20467 1931 15 . . . 20467 1932 1 Maine,--frequent Maine,--frequent NNP 20467 1932 2 in in IN 20467 1932 3 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1932 4 and and CC 20467 1932 5 southern southern JJ 20467 1932 6 sections section NNS 20467 1932 7 and and CC 20467 1932 8 upon upon IN 20467 1932 9 Mount Mount NNP 20467 1932 10 Desert Desert NNP 20467 1932 11 island island NN 20467 1932 12 ; ; : 20467 1932 13 New new JJ 20467 1932 14 Hampshire,--as hampshire,--as NN 20467 1932 15 far far RB 20467 1932 16 north north RB 20467 1932 17 as as IN 20467 1932 18 Conway Conway NNP 20467 1932 19 , , , 20467 1932 20 more more RBR 20467 1932 21 common common JJ 20467 1932 22 near near IN 20467 1932 23 the the DT 20467 1932 24 lower low JJR 20467 1932 25 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1932 26 ; ; : 20467 1932 27 Vermont,--in vermont,--in VB 20467 1932 28 the the DT 20467 1932 29 eastern eastern JJ 20467 1932 30 and and CC 20467 1932 31 southern southern JJ 20467 1932 32 sections section NNS 20467 1932 33 as as IN 20467 1932 34 far far RB 20467 1932 35 north north RB 20467 1932 36 as as IN 20467 1932 37 Bellows Bellows NNP 20467 1932 38 Falls Falls NNPS 20467 1932 39 ; ; : 20467 1932 40 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 1932 41 , , , 20467 1932 42 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 1932 43 Island Island NNP 20467 1932 44 , , , 20467 1932 45 and and CC 20467 1932 46 Connecticut,--too Connecticut,--too VBZ 20467 1932 47 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1932 48 , , , 20467 1932 49 forming form VBG 20467 1932 50 in in IN 20467 1932 51 favorable favorable JJ 20467 1932 52 situations situation NNS 20467 1932 53 dense dense JJ 20467 1932 54 thickets thicket NNS 20467 1932 55 , , , 20467 1932 56 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1932 57 covering cover VBG 20467 1932 58 several several JJ 20467 1932 59 acres acre NNS 20467 1932 60 . . . 20467 1933 1 South south RB 20467 1933 2 to to IN 20467 1933 3 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 1933 4 and and CC 20467 1933 5 the the DT 20467 1933 6 mountain mountain NN 20467 1933 7 regions region NNS 20467 1933 8 of of IN 20467 1933 9 North North NNP 20467 1933 10 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 1933 11 and and CC 20467 1933 12 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 1933 13 ; ; : 20467 1933 14 west west RB 20467 1933 15 to to IN 20467 1933 16 the the DT 20467 1933 17 Alleghany alleghany JJ 20467 1933 18 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1933 19 . . . 20467 1934 1 = = NFP 20467 1934 2 Habit.=--Shrub habit.=--shrub NN 20467 1934 3 or or CC 20467 1934 4 small small JJ 20467 1934 5 tree tree NN 20467 1934 6 , , , 20467 1934 7 usually usually RB 20467 1934 8 3 3 CD 20467 1934 9 - - SYM 20467 1934 10 8 8 CD 20467 1934 11 feet foot NNS 20467 1934 12 high high JJ 20467 1934 13 , , , 20467 1934 14 but but CC 20467 1934 15 frequently frequently RB 20467 1934 16 reaching reach VBG 20467 1934 17 a a DT 20467 1934 18 height height NN 20467 1934 19 of of IN 20467 1934 20 15 15 CD 20467 1934 21 - - SYM 20467 1934 22 25 25 CD 20467 1934 23 feet foot NNS 20467 1934 24 ; ; , 20467 1934 25 trunk trunk NN 20467 1934 26 short short NN 20467 1934 27 , , , 20467 1934 28 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1934 29 in in IN 20467 1934 30 peaty peaty NN 20467 1934 31 swamps swamp NNS 20467 1934 32 10 10 CD 20467 1934 33 - - SYM 20467 1934 34 13 13 CD 20467 1934 35 inches inch NNS 20467 1934 36 in in IN 20467 1934 37 diameter diameter NN 20467 1934 38 near near IN 20467 1934 39 the the DT 20467 1934 40 ground ground NN 20467 1934 41 , , , 20467 1934 42 branches branch NNS 20467 1934 43 much much RB 20467 1934 44 contorted contort VBD 20467 1934 45 , , , 20467 1934 46 throwing throw VBG 20467 1934 47 out out RP 20467 1934 48 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1934 49 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1934 50 of of IN 20467 1934 51 similar similar JJ 20467 1934 52 habit habit NN 20467 1934 53 , , , 20467 1934 54 forming form VBG 20467 1934 55 a a DT 20467 1934 56 stiff stiff JJ 20467 1934 57 , , , 20467 1934 58 flattish flattish JJ 20467 1934 59 head head NN 20467 1934 60 ; ; , 20467 1934 61 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 1934 62 for for IN 20467 1934 63 a a DT 20467 1934 64 brief brief JJ 20467 1934 65 week week NN 20467 1934 66 in in IN 20467 1934 67 spring spring NN 20467 1934 68 by by IN 20467 1934 69 the the DT 20467 1934 70 delicate delicate JJ 20467 1934 71 greens green NNS 20467 1934 72 and and CC 20467 1934 73 reds red NNS 20467 1934 74 of of IN 20467 1934 75 the the DT 20467 1934 76 opening opening NN 20467 1934 77 leaves leave NNS 20467 1934 78 and and CC 20467 1934 79 reds red NNS 20467 1934 80 and and CC 20467 1934 81 yellows yellow NNS 20467 1934 82 of of IN 20467 1934 83 the the DT 20467 1934 84 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1934 85 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1934 86 . . . 20467 1935 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1935 2 associated associate VBN 20467 1935 3 with with IN 20467 1935 4 _ _ NNP 20467 1935 5 Q. Q. NNP 20467 1936 1 prinoides prinoides NNPS 20467 1936 2 _ _ NNP 20467 1936 3 . . . 20467 1937 1 = = NFP 20467 1937 2 Bark.=--Old Bark.=--Old NNP 20467 1937 3 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1937 4 dark dark JJ 20467 1937 5 gray gray NN 20467 1937 6 , , , 20467 1937 7 with with IN 20467 1937 8 small small JJ 20467 1937 9 , , , 20467 1937 10 closely closely RB 20467 1937 11 appressed appresse VBN 20467 1937 12 scales scale NNS 20467 1937 13 ; ; : 20467 1937 14 small small JJ 20467 1937 15 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1937 16 and and CC 20467 1937 17 branches branch NNS 20467 1937 18 grayish grayish NNP 20467 1937 19 - - HYPH 20467 1937 20 brown brown NNP 20467 1937 21 , , , 20467 1937 22 not not RB 20467 1937 23 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 1937 24 or or CC 20467 1937 25 scaly scaly NNP 20467 1937 26 ; ; : 20467 1937 27 younger young JJR 20467 1937 28 branches branch NNS 20467 1937 29 marked mark VBN 20467 1937 30 with with IN 20467 1937 31 pale pale JJ 20467 1937 32 yellow yellow NN 20467 1937 33 , , , 20467 1937 34 raised raise VBD 20467 1937 35 dots dot NNS 20467 1937 36 ; ; : 20467 1937 37 season season NN 20467 1937 38 's 's POS 20467 1937 39 shoots shoots NNP 20467 1937 40 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1937 41 - - HYPH 20467 1937 42 green green JJ 20467 1937 43 , , , 20467 1937 44 with with IN 20467 1937 45 a a DT 20467 1937 46 tawny tawny JJ 20467 1937 47 , , , 20467 1937 48 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 1937 49 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 1937 50 . . . 20467 1938 1 = = NFP 20467 1938 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1938 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1938 4 and and CC 20467 1938 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1938 6 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 1938 7 - - HYPH 20467 1938 8 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 1938 9 inch inch NN 20467 1938 10 long long JJ 20467 1938 11 , , , 20467 1938 12 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1938 13 or or CC 20467 1938 14 conical conical JJ 20467 1938 15 , , , 20467 1938 16 covered cover VBN 20467 1938 17 with with IN 20467 1938 18 imbricated imbricated JJ 20467 1938 19 , , , 20467 1938 20 brownish brownish NNP 20467 1938 21 , , , 20467 1938 22 minutely minutely RB 20467 1938 23 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 1938 24 scales scale NNS 20467 1938 25 . . . 20467 1939 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1939 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1939 3 , , , 20467 1939 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1939 5 , , , 20467 1939 6 3 3 CD 20467 1939 7 - - SYM 20467 1939 8 4 4 CD 20467 1939 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1939 10 long long JJ 20467 1939 11 and and CC 20467 1939 12 2 2 CD 20467 1939 13 - - SYM 20467 1939 14 3 3 CD 20467 1939 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1939 16 broad broad JJ 20467 1939 17 ; ; : 20467 1939 18 when when WRB 20467 1939 19 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 1939 20 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1939 21 above above RB 20467 1939 22 and and CC 20467 1939 23 woolly woolly RB 20467 1939 24 on on IN 20467 1939 25 both both DT 20467 1939 26 sides side NNS 20467 1939 27 , , , 20467 1939 28 when when WRB 20467 1939 29 mature mature VBP 20467 1939 30 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 1939 31 - - HYPH 20467 1939 32 green green JJ 20467 1939 33 and and CC 20467 1939 34 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 1939 35 glossy glossy JJ 20467 1939 36 above above RB 20467 1939 37 , , , 20467 1939 38 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1939 39 except except IN 20467 1939 40 on on IN 20467 1939 41 the the DT 20467 1939 42 midrib midrib NN 20467 1939 43 , , , 20467 1939 44 rusty rusty JJ 20467 1939 45 - - HYPH 20467 1939 46 white white JJ 20467 1939 47 , , , 20467 1939 48 and and CC 20467 1939 49 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1939 50 beneath beneath RB 20467 1939 51 ; ; : 20467 1939 52 very very RB 20467 1939 53 variable variable JJ 20467 1939 54 in in IN 20467 1939 55 outline outline NN 20467 1939 56 and and CC 20467 1939 57 in in IN 20467 1939 58 the the DT 20467 1939 59 number number NN 20467 1939 60 ( ( -LRB- 20467 1939 61 3 3 CD 20467 1939 62 - - SYM 20467 1939 63 7 7 CD 20467 1939 64 ) ) -RRB- 20467 1939 65 and and CC 20467 1939 66 shape shape NN 20467 1939 67 of of IN 20467 1939 68 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1939 69 , , , 20467 1939 70 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1939 71 entire entire JJ 20467 1939 72 , , , 20467 1939 73 oftenest often JJS 20467 1939 74 obovate obovate VB 20467 1939 75 with with IN 20467 1939 76 5 5 CD 20467 1939 77 bristle bristle NN 20467 1939 78 - - HYPH 20467 1939 79 tipped tip VBN 20467 1939 80 angular angular JJ 20467 1939 81 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1939 82 , , , 20467 1939 83 the the DT 20467 1939 84 two two CD 20467 1939 85 lower low JJR 20467 1939 86 much much RB 20467 1939 87 smaller small JJR 20467 1939 88 ; ; : 20467 1939 89 base base NN 20467 1939 90 unequal unequal JJ 20467 1939 91 , , , 20467 1939 92 wedge wedge NN 20467 1939 93 - - HYPH 20467 1939 94 shaped shape VBN 20467 1939 95 , , , 20467 1939 96 tip tip NN 20467 1939 97 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1939 98 or or CC 20467 1939 99 rounded round VBD 20467 1939 100 ; ; : 20467 1939 101 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1939 102 short short JJ 20467 1939 103 ; ; : 20467 1939 104 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1939 105 linear linear NNP 20467 1939 106 , , , 20467 1939 107 soon soon RB 20467 1939 108 falling fall VBG 20467 1939 109 . . . 20467 1940 1 = = NFP 20467 1940 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early RB 20467 1940 3 in in IN 20467 1940 4 May. May NNP 20467 1941 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 1941 2 when when WRB 20467 1941 3 the the DT 20467 1941 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 1941 5 are be VBP 20467 1941 6 half half RB 20467 1941 7 grown grown JJ 20467 1941 8 ; ; : 20467 1941 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1941 10 catkins catkin NNS 20467 1941 11 2 2 CD 20467 1941 12 - - SYM 20467 1941 13 4 4 CD 20467 1941 14 inches inch NNS 20467 1941 15 long long JJ 20467 1941 16 ; ; : 20467 1941 17 calyx calyx NN 20467 1941 18 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1941 19 , , , 20467 1941 20 lobes lob VBZ 20467 1941 21 oftenest oftenest VBP 20467 1941 22 2 2 CD 20467 1941 23 - - SYM 20467 1941 24 3 3 CD 20467 1941 25 , , , 20467 1941 26 rounded round VBD 20467 1941 27 ; ; : 20467 1941 28 stamens stamens NNP 20467 1941 29 3 3 CD 20467 1941 30 - - SYM 20467 1941 31 5 5 CD 20467 1941 32 ; ; : 20467 1941 33 anthers anther NNS 20467 1941 34 red red JJ 20467 1941 35 or or CC 20467 1941 36 yellow yellow JJ 20467 1941 37 : : : 20467 1941 38 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 1941 39 flowers flower NNS 20467 1941 40 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1941 41 ; ; : 20467 1941 42 calyx calyx NN 20467 1941 43 lobes lobe NNS 20467 1941 44 ovate ovate NN 20467 1941 45 , , , 20467 1941 46 pointed point VBD 20467 1941 47 , , , 20467 1941 48 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1941 49 , , , 20467 1941 50 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 1941 51 ; ; : 20467 1941 52 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 1941 53 3 3 CD 20467 1941 54 , , , 20467 1941 55 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1941 56 , , , 20467 1941 57 recurved recurve VBN 20467 1941 58 , , , 20467 1941 59 spreading spread VBG 20467 1941 60 . . . 20467 1942 1 = = LS 20467 1942 2 Fruit.=--Abundant Fruit.=--Abundant '' 20467 1942 3 , , , 20467 1942 4 maturing mature VBG 20467 1942 5 in in IN 20467 1942 6 the the DT 20467 1942 7 autumn autumn NN 20467 1942 8 of of IN 20467 1942 9 the the DT 20467 1942 10 second second JJ 20467 1942 11 year year NN 20467 1942 12 , , , 20467 1942 13 clustered cluster VBN 20467 1942 14 along along IN 20467 1942 15 the the DT 20467 1942 16 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1942 17 on on IN 20467 1942 18 stout stout JJ 20467 1942 19 , , , 20467 1942 20 short short JJ 20467 1942 21 stems stem NNS 20467 1942 22 : : : 20467 1942 23 cup cup VB 20467 1942 24 top top RB 20467 1942 25 - - HYPH 20467 1942 26 shaped shaped JJ 20467 1942 27 or or CC 20467 1942 28 hemispherical hemispherical JJ 20467 1942 29 : : : 20467 1942 30 acorn acorn VBN 20467 1942 31 about about RB 20467 1942 32 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1942 33 inch inch NN 20467 1942 34 long long JJ 20467 1942 35 , , , 20467 1942 36 varying vary VBG 20467 1942 37 greatly greatly RB 20467 1942 38 in in IN 20467 1942 39 shape shape NN 20467 1942 40 , , , 20467 1942 41 mostly mostly RB 20467 1942 42 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 1942 43 or or CC 20467 1942 44 spherical spherical JJ 20467 1942 45 , , , 20467 1942 46 brown brown JJ 20467 1942 47 , , , 20467 1942 48 often often RB 20467 1942 49 striped stripe VBD 20467 1942 50 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 1942 51 . . . 20467 1943 1 = = NFP 20467 1943 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1943 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1943 4 in in IN 20467 1943 5 New New NNP 20467 1943 6 England England NNP 20467 1943 7 ; ; : 20467 1943 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1943 9 well well RB 20467 1943 10 in in IN 20467 1943 11 dry dry JJ 20467 1943 12 , , , 20467 1943 13 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 1943 14 , , , 20467 1943 15 ledgy ledgy NNP 20467 1943 16 , , , 20467 1943 17 or or CC 20467 1943 18 sandy sandy JJ 20467 1943 19 soil soil NN 20467 1943 20 , , , 20467 1943 21 where where WRB 20467 1943 22 few few JJ 20467 1943 23 other other JJ 20467 1943 24 trees tree NNS 20467 1943 25 thrive thrive VBP 20467 1943 26 ; ; : 20467 1943 27 useful useful JJ 20467 1943 28 in in IN 20467 1943 29 such such JJ 20467 1943 30 situations situation NNS 20467 1943 31 where where WRB 20467 1943 32 a a DT 20467 1943 33 low low JJ 20467 1943 34 growth growth NN 20467 1943 35 is be VBZ 20467 1943 36 required require VBN 20467 1943 37 ; ; : 20467 1943 38 but but CC 20467 1943 39 as as IN 20467 1943 40 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1943 41 is be VBZ 20467 1943 42 not not RB 20467 1943 43 procurable procurable JJ 20467 1943 44 in in IN 20467 1943 45 quantity quantity NN 20467 1943 46 from from IN 20467 1943 47 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1943 48 , , , 20467 1943 49 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1943 50 must must MD 20467 1943 51 be be VB 20467 1943 52 grown grow VBN 20467 1943 53 from from IN 20467 1943 54 the the DT 20467 1943 55 seed seed NN 20467 1943 56 . . . 20467 1944 1 The the DT 20467 1944 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1944 3 are be VBP 20467 1944 4 at at IN 20467 1944 5 times time NNS 20467 1944 6 stripped strip VBN 20467 1944 7 off off RP 20467 1944 8 by by IN 20467 1944 9 caterpillars caterpillars NNP 20467 1944 10 , , , 20467 1944 11 but but CC 20467 1944 12 otherwise otherwise RB 20467 1944 13 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1944 14 is be VBZ 20467 1944 15 not not RB 20467 1944 16 seriously seriously RB 20467 1944 17 affected affect VBN 20467 1944 18 by by IN 20467 1944 19 insects insect NNS 20467 1944 20 or or CC 20467 1944 21 fungous fungous JJ 20467 1944 22 diseases disease NNS 20467 1944 23 . . . 20467 1945 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1945 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1945 3 : : : 20467 1945 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1945 5 XLVII.--Quercus xlvii.--quercus NN 20467 1945 6 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 1945 7 . . . 20467 1945 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1946 1 1 1 LS 20467 1946 2 . . . 20467 1947 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1947 2 branch branch NN 20467 1947 3 . . . 20467 1948 1 2 2 LS 20467 1948 2 . . . 20467 1949 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 1949 2 flower flower NN 20467 1949 3 , , , 20467 1949 4 side side NN 20467 1949 5 view view NN 20467 1949 6 . . . 20467 1950 1 3 3 LS 20467 1950 2 . . . 20467 1951 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 1951 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 1951 3 , , , 20467 1951 4 side side JJ 20467 1951 5 view view NN 20467 1951 6 . . . 20467 1952 1 4 4 LS 20467 1952 2 . . . 20467 1953 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1953 2 branch branch NN 20467 1953 3 . . . 20467 1954 1 5 5 CD 20467 1954 2 . . . 20467 1955 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 1955 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 1955 3 . . . 20467 1956 1 ULMACEÆ ULMACEÆ NNP 20467 1956 2 . . . 20467 1957 1 ELM ELM NNP 20467 1957 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 1957 3 . . . 20467 1958 1 = = NFP 20467 1958 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 1958 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 1958 4 , , , 20467 1958 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 1958 6 ELM ELM NNP 20467 1958 7 . . . 20467 1959 1 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 20467 1959 2 ELM ELM NNP 20467 1959 3 . . . 20467 1960 1 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 1960 2 ELM ELM NNP 20467 1960 3 . . . 20467 1961 1 = = NFP 20467 1961 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 1961 3 and and CC 20467 1961 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 1961 5 , , , 20467 1961 6 moist moist JJ 20467 1961 7 ground ground NN 20467 1961 8 ; ; : 20467 1961 9 thrives thrive VBZ 20467 1961 10 especially especially RB 20467 1961 11 on on IN 20467 1961 12 rich rich JJ 20467 1961 13 intervales intervale NNS 20467 1961 14 . . . 20467 1962 1 From from IN 20467 1962 2 Cape Cape NNP 20467 1962 3 Breton Breton NNP 20467 1962 4 to to IN 20467 1962 5 Saskatchewan Saskatchewan NNP 20467 1962 6 , , , 20467 1962 7 as as IN 20467 1962 8 far far RB 20467 1962 9 north north RB 20467 1962 10 as as IN 20467 1962 11 54 54 CD 20467 1962 12 ° ° , 20467 1962 13 30 30 CD 20467 1962 14 ' ' CD 20467 1962 15 . . . 20467 1963 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 1963 2 , , , 20467 1963 3 most most RBS 20467 1963 4 abundant abundant JJ 20467 1963 5 in in IN 20467 1963 6 central central JJ 20467 1963 7 and and CC 20467 1963 8 southern southern JJ 20467 1963 9 portions portion NNS 20467 1963 10 ; ; : 20467 1963 11 New New NNP 20467 1963 12 Hampshire,--common Hampshire,--common NNP 20467 1963 13 from from IN 20467 1963 14 the the DT 20467 1963 15 southern southern JJ 20467 1963 16 base base NN 20467 1963 17 of of IN 20467 1963 18 the the DT 20467 1963 19 White white JJ 20467 1963 20 mountains mountain NNS 20467 1963 21 to to IN 20467 1963 22 the the DT 20467 1963 23 sea sea NN 20467 1963 24 ; ; : 20467 1963 25 in in IN 20467 1963 26 the the DT 20467 1963 27 remaining remain VBG 20467 1963 28 New New NNP 20467 1963 29 England England NNP 20467 1963 30 states state VBZ 20467 1963 31 very very RB 20467 1963 32 common common JJ 20467 1963 33 , , , 20467 1963 34 attaining attain VBG 20467 1963 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1963 36 highest high JJS 20467 1963 37 development development NN 20467 1963 38 in in IN 20467 1963 39 the the DT 20467 1963 40 rich rich JJ 20467 1963 41 alluvium alluvium NN 20467 1963 42 of of IN 20467 1963 43 the the DT 20467 1963 44 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 1963 45 river river NNP 20467 1963 46 valley valley NNP 20467 1963 47 . . . 20467 1964 1 South south RB 20467 1964 2 to to IN 20467 1964 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 1964 4 ; ; : 20467 1964 5 west west NN 20467 1964 6 to to IN 20467 1964 7 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 1964 8 , , , 20467 1964 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 1964 10 , , , 20467 1964 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 1964 12 , , , 20467 1964 13 and and CC 20467 1964 14 Texas Texas NNP 20467 1964 15 . . . 20467 1965 1 = = NFP 20467 1965 2 Habit.=--In Habit.=--In NNP 20467 1965 3 the the DT 20467 1965 4 fullness fullness NN 20467 1965 5 of of IN 20467 1965 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1965 7 vigor vigor NN 20467 1965 8 the the DT 20467 1965 9 American american JJ 20467 1965 10 elm elm NN 20467 1965 11 is be VBZ 20467 1965 12 the the DT 20467 1965 13 most most RBS 20467 1965 14 stately stately JJ 20467 1965 15 and and CC 20467 1965 16 graceful graceful JJ 20467 1965 17 of of IN 20467 1965 18 the the DT 20467 1965 19 New New NNP 20467 1965 20 England England NNP 20467 1965 21 trees tree NNS 20467 1965 22 , , , 20467 1965 23 50 50 CD 20467 1965 24 - - SYM 20467 1965 25 110 110 CD 20467 1965 26 feet foot NNS 20467 1965 27 high high JJ 20467 1965 28 and and CC 20467 1965 29 1 1 CD 20467 1965 30 - - SYM 20467 1965 31 8 8 CD 20467 1965 32 feet foot NNS 20467 1965 33 in in IN 20467 1965 34 diameter diameter NN 20467 1965 35 above above IN 20467 1965 36 the the DT 20467 1965 37 swell swell NN 20467 1965 38 of of IN 20467 1965 39 the the DT 20467 1965 40 roots root NNS 20467 1965 41 ; ; , 20467 1965 42 characterized characterize VBN 20467 1965 43 by by IN 20467 1965 44 an an DT 20467 1965 45 erect erect NN 20467 1965 46 , , , 20467 1965 47 more more RBR 20467 1965 48 or or CC 20467 1965 49 less less RBR 20467 1965 50 feathered feathered JJ 20467 1965 51 or or CC 20467 1965 52 naked naked JJ 20467 1965 53 trunk trunk NN 20467 1965 54 , , , 20467 1965 55 which which WDT 20467 1965 56 loses lose VBZ 20467 1965 57 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 1965 58 completely completely RB 20467 1965 59 in in IN 20467 1965 60 the the DT 20467 1965 61 branches branch NNS 20467 1965 62 , , , 20467 1965 63 by by IN 20467 1965 64 arching arch VBG 20467 1965 65 limbs limb NNS 20467 1965 66 , , , 20467 1965 67 drooping droop VBG 20467 1965 68 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1965 69 set set VBD 20467 1965 70 at at IN 20467 1965 71 a a DT 20467 1965 72 wide wide JJ 20467 1965 73 angle angle NN 20467 1965 74 , , , 20467 1965 75 and and CC 20467 1965 76 by by IN 20467 1965 77 a a DT 20467 1965 78 spreading spread VBG 20467 1965 79 head head NN 20467 1965 80 widest widest RB 20467 1965 81 near near IN 20467 1965 82 the the DT 20467 1965 83 top top NN 20467 1965 84 . . . 20467 1966 1 Modifications modification NNS 20467 1966 2 of of IN 20467 1966 3 these these DT 20467 1966 4 elements element NNS 20467 1966 5 give give VBP 20467 1966 6 rise rise NN 20467 1966 7 to to IN 20467 1966 8 various various JJ 20467 1966 9 well well RB 20467 1966 10 - - HYPH 20467 1966 11 marked mark VBN 20467 1966 12 forms form NNS 20467 1966 13 which which WDT 20467 1966 14 have have VBP 20467 1966 15 received receive VBN 20467 1966 16 popular popular JJ 20467 1966 17 names name NNS 20467 1966 18 . . . 20467 1967 1 1 1 LS 20467 1967 2 . . . 20467 1968 1 In in IN 20467 1968 2 the the DT 20467 1968 3 vase vase NN 20467 1968 4 - - HYPH 20467 1968 5 shaped shape VBN 20467 1968 6 tree tree NN 20467 1968 7 , , , 20467 1968 8 which which WDT 20467 1968 9 is be VBZ 20467 1968 10 usually usually RB 20467 1968 11 regarded regard VBN 20467 1968 12 as as IN 20467 1968 13 the the DT 20467 1968 14 type type NN 20467 1968 15 , , , 20467 1968 16 the the DT 20467 1968 17 trunk trunk NN 20467 1968 18 separates separate VBZ 20467 1968 19 into into IN 20467 1968 20 several several JJ 20467 1968 21 large large JJ 20467 1968 22 branches branch NNS 20467 1968 23 which which WDT 20467 1968 24 rise rise VBP 20467 1968 25 , , , 20467 1968 26 slowly slowly RB 20467 1968 27 diverging diverge VBG 20467 1968 28 , , , 20467 1968 29 40 40 CD 20467 1968 30 - - SYM 20467 1968 31 50 50 CD 20467 1968 32 feet foot NNS 20467 1968 33 , , , 20467 1968 34 and and CC 20467 1968 35 then then RB 20467 1968 36 sweep sweep VB 20467 1968 37 outward outward RB 20467 1968 38 in in IN 20467 1968 39 wide wide JJ 20467 1968 40 arches arch NNS 20467 1968 41 , , , 20467 1968 42 the the DT 20467 1968 43 smaller small JJR 20467 1968 44 branches branch NNS 20467 1968 45 and and CC 20467 1968 46 spray spray NN 20467 1968 47 becoming become VBG 20467 1968 48 pendent pendent NN 20467 1968 49 . . . 20467 1969 1 2 2 LS 20467 1969 2 . . . 20467 1970 1 In in IN 20467 1970 2 the the DT 20467 1970 3 umbrella umbrella NN 20467 1970 4 form form VBP 20467 1970 5 the the DT 20467 1970 6 trunk trunk NN 20467 1970 7 remains remain VBZ 20467 1970 8 entire entire JJ 20467 1970 9 nearly nearly RB 20467 1970 10 to to IN 20467 1970 11 the the DT 20467 1970 12 top top NN 20467 1970 13 of of IN 20467 1970 14 the the DT 20467 1970 15 tree tree NN 20467 1970 16 , , , 20467 1970 17 when when WRB 20467 1970 18 the the DT 20467 1970 19 branches branch NNS 20467 1970 20 spread spread VBP 20467 1970 21 out out RP 20467 1970 22 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 1970 23 , , , 20467 1970 24 forming form VBG 20467 1970 25 a a DT 20467 1970 26 broad broad JJ 20467 1970 27 , , , 20467 1970 28 shallow shallow JJ 20467 1970 29 arch arch NN 20467 1970 30 , , , 20467 1970 31 fringed fringe VBN 20467 1970 32 at at IN 20467 1970 33 the the DT 20467 1970 34 circumference circumference NN 20467 1970 35 with with IN 20467 1970 36 long long JJ 20467 1970 37 , , , 20467 1970 38 drooping droop VBG 20467 1970 39 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1970 40 . . . 20467 1971 1 3 3 LS 20467 1971 2 . . . 20467 1972 1 The the DT 20467 1972 2 slender slend JJR 20467 1972 3 trunk trunk NN 20467 1972 4 of of IN 20467 1972 5 the the DT 20467 1972 6 plume plume JJ 20467 1972 7 elm elm NNP 20467 1972 8 rises rise VBZ 20467 1972 9 , , , 20467 1972 10 usually usually RB 20467 1972 11 undivided undivided JJ 20467 1972 12 , , , 20467 1972 13 a a DT 20467 1972 14 considerable considerable JJ 20467 1972 15 height height NN 20467 1972 16 , , , 20467 1972 17 begins begin VBZ 20467 1972 18 to to TO 20467 1972 19 curve curve VB 20467 1972 20 midway midway NN 20467 1972 21 , , , 20467 1972 22 and and CC 20467 1972 23 is be VBZ 20467 1972 24 capped cap VBN 20467 1972 25 with with IN 20467 1972 26 a a DT 20467 1972 27 one one CD 20467 1972 28 - - HYPH 20467 1972 29 sided sided JJ 20467 1972 30 tuft tuft NN 20467 1972 31 of of IN 20467 1972 32 branches branch NNS 20467 1972 33 and and CC 20467 1972 34 delicate delicate JJ 20467 1972 35 , , , 20467 1972 36 elongated elongated JJ 20467 1972 37 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1972 38 . . . 20467 1973 1 4 4 LS 20467 1973 2 . . . 20467 1974 1 The the DT 20467 1974 2 drooping drooping JJ 20467 1974 3 elm elm NNP 20467 1974 4 differs differ VBZ 20467 1974 5 from from IN 20467 1974 6 the the DT 20467 1974 7 type type NN 20467 1974 8 in in IN 20467 1974 9 the the DT 20467 1974 10 height height NN 20467 1974 11 of of IN 20467 1974 12 the the DT 20467 1974 13 arch arch NN 20467 1974 14 and and CC 20467 1974 15 greater great JJR 20467 1974 16 droop droop NN 20467 1974 17 of of IN 20467 1974 18 the the DT 20467 1974 19 branches branch NNS 20467 1974 20 , , , 20467 1974 21 which which WDT 20467 1974 22 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1974 23 sweep sweep VBP 20467 1974 24 the the DT 20467 1974 25 ground ground NN 20467 1974 26 . . . 20467 1975 1 5 5 CD 20467 1975 2 . . . 20467 1976 1 In in IN 20467 1976 2 the the DT 20467 1976 3 oak oak NN 20467 1976 4 form form NN 20467 1976 5 the the DT 20467 1976 6 limbs limb NNS 20467 1976 7 are be VBP 20467 1976 8 more more RBR 20467 1976 9 or or CC 20467 1976 10 less less RBR 20467 1976 11 tortuous tortuous JJ 20467 1976 12 and and CC 20467 1976 13 less less RBR 20467 1976 14 arching arching JJ 20467 1976 15 , , , 20467 1976 16 forming form VBG 20467 1976 17 a a DT 20467 1976 18 wide wide RB 20467 1976 19 - - HYPH 20467 1976 20 spreading spread VBG 20467 1976 21 , , , 20467 1976 22 rounded rounded JJ 20467 1976 23 head head NN 20467 1976 24 . . . 20467 1977 1 In in IN 20467 1977 2 all all DT 20467 1977 3 forms form NNS 20467 1977 4 short short JJ 20467 1977 5 , , , 20467 1977 6 irregular irregular JJ 20467 1977 7 , , , 20467 1977 8 pendent pendent NN 20467 1977 9 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1977 10 are be VBP 20467 1977 11 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1977 12 along along IN 20467 1977 13 the the DT 20467 1977 14 trunks trunk NNS 20467 1977 15 . . . 20467 1978 1 The the DT 20467 1978 2 trees tree NNS 20467 1978 3 most most RBS 20467 1978 4 noticeably noticeably RB 20467 1978 5 feathered feather VBN 20467 1978 6 are be VBP 20467 1978 7 usually usually RB 20467 1978 8 of of IN 20467 1978 9 medium medium JJ 20467 1978 10 size size NN 20467 1978 11 , , , 20467 1978 12 and and CC 20467 1978 13 have have VBP 20467 1978 14 few few JJ 20467 1978 15 large large JJ 20467 1978 16 branches branch NNS 20467 1978 17 , , , 20467 1978 18 the the DT 20467 1978 19 superfluous superfluous JJ 20467 1978 20 vitality vitality NN 20467 1978 21 manifesting manifest VBG 20467 1978 22 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 1978 23 in in IN 20467 1978 24 a a DT 20467 1978 25 copious copious JJ 20467 1978 26 fringe fringe NN 20467 1978 27 , , , 20467 1978 28 which which WDT 20467 1978 29 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1978 30 invests invest VBZ 20467 1978 31 and and CC 20467 1978 32 obliterates obliterate VBZ 20467 1978 33 the the DT 20467 1978 34 great great JJ 20467 1978 35 pillars pillar NNS 20467 1978 36 which which WDT 20467 1978 37 support support VBP 20467 1978 38 the the DT 20467 1978 39 masses masse NNS 20467 1978 40 of of IN 20467 1978 41 foliage foliage NN 20467 1978 42 . . . 20467 1979 1 Conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 1979 2 at at IN 20467 1979 3 all all DT 20467 1979 4 seasons season NNS 20467 1979 5 of of IN 20467 1979 6 the the DT 20467 1979 7 year,--in year,--in NNP 20467 1979 8 spring spring NN 20467 1979 9 when when WRB 20467 1979 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1979 11 brown brown JJ 20467 1979 12 buds bud NNS 20467 1979 13 are be VBP 20467 1979 14 swollen swollen JJ 20467 1979 15 to to IN 20467 1979 16 bursting burst VBG 20467 1979 17 , , , 20467 1979 18 or or CC 20467 1979 19 when when WRB 20467 1979 20 the the DT 20467 1979 21 myriads myriad NNS 20467 1979 22 of of IN 20467 1979 23 flowers flower NNS 20467 1979 24 , , , 20467 1979 25 insignificant insignificant JJ 20467 1979 26 singly singly RB 20467 1979 27 , , , 20467 1979 28 give give VB 20467 1979 29 in in IN 20467 1979 30 the the DT 20467 1979 31 sunlight sunlight NN 20467 1979 32 an an DT 20467 1979 33 atmosphere atmosphere NN 20467 1979 34 of of IN 20467 1979 35 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1979 36 - - HYPH 20467 1979 37 brown brown JJ 20467 1979 38 ; ; : 20467 1979 39 when when WRB 20467 1979 40 clothed clothe VBN 20467 1979 41 with with IN 20467 1979 42 light light JJ 20467 1979 43 , , , 20467 1979 44 airy airy JJ 20467 1979 45 masses masse NNS 20467 1979 46 of of IN 20467 1979 47 deep deep JJ 20467 1979 48 green green NN 20467 1979 49 in in IN 20467 1979 50 summer summer NN 20467 1979 51 or or CC 20467 1979 52 pale pale JJ 20467 1979 53 yellow yellow NN 20467 1979 54 in in IN 20467 1979 55 autumn autumn NN 20467 1979 56 , , , 20467 1979 57 or or CC 20467 1979 58 in in IN 20467 1979 59 winter winter NN 20467 1979 60 when when WRB 20467 1979 61 the the DT 20467 1979 62 great great JJ 20467 1979 63 trunk trunk NN 20467 1979 64 and and CC 20467 1979 65 mighty mighty JJ 20467 1979 66 sweep sweep NN 20467 1979 67 of of IN 20467 1979 68 the the DT 20467 1979 69 arching arching NN 20467 1979 70 branches branch NNS 20467 1979 71 distinguish distinguish VBP 20467 1979 72 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1979 73 from from IN 20467 1979 74 all all DT 20467 1979 75 other other JJ 20467 1979 76 trees tree NNS 20467 1979 77 . . . 20467 1980 1 The the DT 20467 1980 2 roots root NNS 20467 1980 3 lie lie VBP 20467 1980 4 near near IN 20467 1980 5 the the DT 20467 1980 6 surface surface NN 20467 1980 7 and and CC 20467 1980 8 run run VB 20467 1980 9 a a DT 20467 1980 10 great great JJ 20467 1980 11 distance distance NN 20467 1980 12 . . . 20467 1981 1 = = NFP 20467 1981 2 Bark.=--Dark Bark.=--Dark NNP 20467 1981 3 gray gray NNP 20467 1981 4 , , , 20467 1981 5 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 1981 6 and and CC 20467 1981 7 broadly broadly RB 20467 1981 8 striate striate JJ 20467 1981 9 , , , 20467 1981 10 rather rather RB 20467 1981 11 firmly firmly RB 20467 1981 12 ridged ridge VBN 20467 1981 13 , , , 20467 1981 14 in in IN 20467 1981 15 very very RB 20467 1981 16 old old JJ 20467 1981 17 trees tree NNS 20467 1981 18 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1981 19 partially partially RB 20467 1981 20 detached detach VBN 20467 1981 21 in in IN 20467 1981 22 plates plate NNS 20467 1981 23 ; ; : 20467 1981 24 branches branch NNS 20467 1981 25 ash ash NN 20467 1981 26 - - HYPH 20467 1981 27 gray gray JJ 20467 1981 28 , , , 20467 1981 29 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1981 30 ; ; : 20467 1981 31 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 1981 32 reddish reddish JJ 20467 1981 33 - - HYPH 20467 1981 34 brown brown NN 20467 1981 35 ; ; : 20467 1981 36 season season NN 20467 1981 37 's 's POS 20467 1981 38 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1981 39 often often RB 20467 1981 40 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 1981 41 , , , 20467 1981 42 light light JJ 20467 1981 43 brown brown JJ 20467 1981 44 in in IN 20467 1981 45 late late JJ 20467 1981 46 fall fall NN 20467 1981 47 . . . 20467 1982 1 = = NFP 20467 1982 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 1982 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 1982 4 and and CC 20467 1982 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 1982 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 1982 7 , , , 20467 1982 8 brown brown NNP 20467 1982 9 , , , 20467 1982 10 flattened flatten VBD 20467 1982 11 , , , 20467 1982 12 obtuse obtuse VBP 20467 1982 13 to to TO 20467 1982 14 acute acute VB 20467 1982 15 , , , 20467 1982 16 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1982 17 . . . 20467 1983 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 1983 2 simple simple JJ 20467 1983 3 , , , 20467 1983 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 1983 5 , , , 20467 1983 6 2 2 CD 20467 1983 7 - - SYM 20467 1983 8 5 5 CD 20467 1983 9 inches inch NNS 20467 1983 10 long long JJ 20467 1983 11 , , , 20467 1983 12 2 2 CD 20467 1983 13 - - SYM 20467 1983 14 3 3 CD 20467 1983 15 inches inch NNS 20467 1983 16 wide wide JJ 20467 1983 17 , , , 20467 1983 18 dark dark JJ 20467 1983 19 green green JJ 20467 1983 20 and and CC 20467 1983 21 roughish roughish JJ 20467 1983 22 above above RB 20467 1983 23 , , , 20467 1983 24 lighter light JJR 20467 1983 25 and and CC 20467 1983 26 downy downy NN 20467 1983 27 at at IN 20467 1983 28 first first RB 20467 1983 29 beneath beneath IN 20467 1983 30 ; ; : 20467 1983 31 outline outline NN 20467 1983 32 ovate ovate NN 20467 1983 33 or or CC 20467 1983 34 oval oval NN 20467 1983 35 to to TO 20467 1983 36 obovate obovate VB 20467 1983 37 - - HYPH 20467 1983 38 oblong oblong JJ 20467 1983 39 , , , 20467 1983 40 sharply sharply RB 20467 1983 41 and and CC 20467 1983 42 usually usually RB 20467 1983 43 doubly doubly RB 20467 1983 44 serrate serrate VB 20467 1983 45 ; ; : 20467 1983 46 apex apex NNP 20467 1983 47 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 1983 48 pointed point VBD 20467 1983 49 ; ; : 20467 1983 50 base base NN 20467 1983 51 half half RB 20467 1983 52 acute acute NN 20467 1983 53 , , , 20467 1983 54 half half RB 20467 1983 55 rounded round VBN 20467 1983 56 , , , 20467 1983 57 produced produce VBN 20467 1983 58 on on IN 20467 1983 59 one one CD 20467 1983 60 side side NN 20467 1983 61 , , , 20467 1983 62 often often RB 20467 1983 63 slightly slightly RB 20467 1983 64 heart heart NN 20467 1983 65 - - HYPH 20467 1983 66 shaped shape VBN 20467 1983 67 or or CC 20467 1983 68 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 1983 69 ; ; : 20467 1983 70 veins vein NNS 20467 1983 71 straight straight JJ 20467 1983 72 and and CC 20467 1983 73 prominent prominent JJ 20467 1983 74 ; ; : 20467 1983 75 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 1983 76 stout stout IN 20467 1983 77 , , , 20467 1983 78 short short JJ 20467 1983 79 ; ; : 20467 1983 80 stipules stipule NNS 20467 1983 81 small small JJ 20467 1983 82 , , , 20467 1983 83 soon soon RB 20467 1983 84 falling fall VBG 20467 1983 85 . . . 20467 1984 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 1984 2 drop drop VBP 20467 1984 3 in in IN 20467 1984 4 early early JJ 20467 1984 5 autumn autumn NN 20467 1984 6 . . . 20467 1985 1 = = NFP 20467 1985 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 1985 3 . . . 20467 1986 1 In in IN 20467 1986 2 loose loose JJ 20467 1986 3 lateral lateral JJ 20467 1986 4 clusters cluster NNS 20467 1986 5 along along IN 20467 1986 6 the the DT 20467 1986 7 preceding precede VBG 20467 1986 8 season season NN 20467 1986 9 's 's POS 20467 1986 10 shoots shoot NNS 20467 1986 11 ; ; : 20467 1986 12 flowers flower NNS 20467 1986 13 brown brown JJ 20467 1986 14 or or CC 20467 1986 15 purplish purplish JJ 20467 1986 16 , , , 20467 1986 17 mostly mostly RB 20467 1986 18 perfect perfect JJ 20467 1986 19 , , , 20467 1986 20 with with IN 20467 1986 21 occasional occasional JJ 20467 1986 22 sterile sterile JJ 20467 1986 23 and and CC 20467 1986 24 fertile fertile JJ 20467 1986 25 on on IN 20467 1986 26 the the DT 20467 1986 27 same same JJ 20467 1986 28 tree tree NN 20467 1986 29 ; ; : 20467 1986 30 stems stem VBZ 20467 1986 31 slender slender NN 20467 1986 32 ; ; : 20467 1986 33 calyx calyx NNP 20467 1986 34 7 7 CD 20467 1986 35 - - SYM 20467 1986 36 9-lobed 9-lobed CD 20467 1986 37 , , , 20467 1986 38 hairy hairy JJ 20467 1986 39 or or CC 20467 1986 40 smooth smooth JJ 20467 1986 41 ; ; : 20467 1986 42 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 1986 43 7 7 CD 20467 1986 44 - - SYM 20467 1986 45 9 9 CD 20467 1986 46 , , , 20467 1986 47 filaments filament NNS 20467 1986 48 slender slender NN 20467 1986 49 , , , 20467 1986 50 anthers anther NNS 20467 1986 51 exserted exsert VBN 20467 1986 52 , , , 20467 1986 53 brownish brownish NN 20467 1986 54 - - HYPH 20467 1986 55 red red JJ 20467 1986 56 ; ; : 20467 1986 57 ovary ovary JJ 20467 1986 58 flat flat JJ 20467 1986 59 , , , 20467 1986 60 green green JJ 20467 1986 61 , , , 20467 1986 62 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 1986 63 ; ; : 20467 1986 64 styles style NNS 20467 1986 65 2 2 CD 20467 1986 66 . . . 20467 1987 1 = = NFP 20467 1987 2 Fruit.=--Ripening fruit.=--ripene VBG 20467 1987 3 in in IN 20467 1987 4 May May NNP 20467 1987 5 , , , 20467 1987 6 before before IN 20467 1987 7 the the DT 20467 1987 8 leaves leave NNS 20467 1987 9 are be VBP 20467 1987 10 fully fully RB 20467 1987 11 grown grow VBN 20467 1987 12 , , , 20467 1987 13 a a DT 20467 1987 14 samara samara NN 20467 1987 15 , , , 20467 1987 16 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 1987 17 inch inch NN 20467 1987 18 in in IN 20467 1987 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 1987 20 , , , 20467 1987 21 oval oval NN 20467 1987 22 or or CC 20467 1987 23 ovate ovate NN 20467 1987 24 , , , 20467 1987 25 smooth smooth VB 20467 1987 26 on on IN 20467 1987 27 both both DT 20467 1987 28 sides side NNS 20467 1987 29 , , , 20467 1987 30 hairy hairy VB 20467 1987 31 on on IN 20467 1987 32 the the DT 20467 1987 33 edge edge NN 20467 1987 34 , , , 20467 1987 35 the the DT 20467 1987 36 notch notch NN 20467 1987 37 in in IN 20467 1987 38 the the DT 20467 1987 39 margin margin NN 20467 1987 40 closed close VBD 20467 1987 41 or or CC 20467 1987 42 partially partially RB 20467 1987 43 closed close VBN 20467 1987 44 by by IN 20467 1987 45 the the DT 20467 1987 46 two two CD 20467 1987 47 incurved incurved JJ 20467 1987 48 points point NNS 20467 1987 49 . . . 20467 1988 1 = = NFP 20467 1988 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1988 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 1988 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 1988 5 New New NNP 20467 1988 6 England England NNP 20467 1988 7 ; ; : 20467 1988 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 1988 9 in in IN 20467 1988 10 any any DT 20467 1988 11 soil soil NN 20467 1988 12 , , , 20467 1988 13 but but CC 20467 1988 14 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 1988 15 a a DT 20467 1988 16 deep deep JJ 20467 1988 17 , , , 20467 1988 18 rich rich JJ 20467 1988 19 loam loam NN 20467 1988 20 ; ; : 20467 1988 21 the the DT 20467 1988 22 ideal ideal NNP 20467 1988 23 street street NN 20467 1988 24 tree tree NN 20467 1988 25 with with IN 20467 1988 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 1988 27 high high JJ 20467 1988 28 , , , 20467 1988 29 overarching overarching JJ 20467 1988 30 branches branch NNS 20467 1988 31 and and CC 20467 1988 32 moderate moderate JJ 20467 1988 33 shade shade NN 20467 1988 34 ; ; : 20467 1988 35 grows grow VBZ 20467 1988 36 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 1988 37 , , , 20467 1988 38 throws throw VBZ 20467 1988 39 out out RP 20467 1988 40 few few JJ 20467 1988 41 low low JJ 20467 1988 42 branches branch NNS 20467 1988 43 , , , 20467 1988 44 bears bear VBZ 20467 1988 45 pruning prune VBG 20467 1988 46 well well RB 20467 1988 47 ; ; : 20467 1988 48 now now RB 20467 1988 49 so so RB 20467 1988 50 seriously seriously RB 20467 1988 51 affected affect VBN 20467 1988 52 by by IN 20467 1988 53 numerous numerous JJ 20467 1988 54 insect insect NN 20467 1988 55 enemies enemy NNS 20467 1988 56 that that IN 20467 1988 57 it -PRON- PRP 20467 1988 58 is be VBZ 20467 1988 59 not not RB 20467 1988 60 planted plant VBN 20467 1988 61 as as RB 20467 1988 62 freely freely RB 20467 1988 63 as as IN 20467 1988 64 heretofore heretofore RB 20467 1988 65 ; ; : 20467 1988 66 objectionable objectionable JJ 20467 1988 67 on on IN 20467 1988 68 the the DT 20467 1988 69 borders border NNS 20467 1988 70 of of IN 20467 1988 71 gardens garden NNS 20467 1988 72 or or CC 20467 1988 73 mowing mowing NN 20467 1988 74 land land NN 20467 1988 75 , , , 20467 1988 76 as as IN 20467 1988 77 the the DT 20467 1988 78 roots root NNS 20467 1988 79 run run VBP 20467 1988 80 along along RB 20467 1988 81 near near IN 20467 1988 82 the the DT 20467 1988 83 surface surface NN 20467 1988 84 for for IN 20467 1988 85 a a DT 20467 1988 86 great great JJ 20467 1988 87 distance distance NN 20467 1988 88 . . . 20467 1989 1 Very very RB 20467 1989 2 largely largely RB 20467 1989 3 grown grow VBN 20467 1989 4 in in IN 20467 1989 5 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 1989 6 , , , 20467 1989 7 usually usually RB 20467 1989 8 from from IN 20467 1989 9 seed seed NN 20467 1989 10 , , , 20467 1989 11 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 1989 12 from from IN 20467 1989 13 small small JJ 20467 1989 14 collected collect VBN 20467 1989 15 plants plant NNS 20467 1989 16 . . . 20467 1990 1 Though though IN 20467 1990 2 so so RB 20467 1990 3 extremely extremely RB 20467 1990 4 variable variable JJ 20467 1990 5 in in IN 20467 1990 6 outline outline NN 20467 1990 7 , , , 20467 1990 8 there there EX 20467 1990 9 are be VBP 20467 1990 10 no no DT 20467 1990 11 important important JJ 20467 1990 12 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 1990 13 forms form NNS 20467 1990 14 in in IN 20467 1990 15 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 1990 16 . . . 20467 1991 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 1991 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 1991 3 : : : 20467 1991 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 1991 5 XLVIII.--Ulmus XLVIII.--Ulmus NNP 20467 1991 6 Americana Americana NNP 20467 1991 7 . . . 20467 1991 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 1992 1 1 1 LS 20467 1992 2 . . . 20467 1993 1 Winter winter NN 20467 1993 2 buds bud NNS 20467 1993 3 . . . 20467 1994 1 2 2 LS 20467 1994 2 . . . 20467 1995 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 1995 2 branch branch NN 20467 1995 3 . . . 20467 1996 1 3 3 LS 20467 1996 2 . . . 20467 1997 1 Flower flower NN 20467 1997 2 , , , 20467 1997 3 side side NN 20467 1997 4 view view NN 20467 1997 5 . . . 20467 1998 1 4 4 LS 20467 1998 2 . . . 20467 1999 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 1999 2 branch branch NN 20467 1999 3 . . . 20467 2000 1 5 5 CD 20467 2000 2 . . . 20467 2001 1 Mature mature JJ 20467 2001 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 2001 3 . . . 20467 2002 1 = = NFP 20467 2002 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 2002 3 fulva fulva NN 20467 2002 4 , , , 20467 2002 5 Michx.= Michx.= NNP 20467 2002 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2002 7 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 2002 8 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 2002 9 , , , 20467 2002 10 Walt Walt NNP 20467 2002 11 . . . 20467 2002 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2002 13 SLIPPERY SLIPPERY NNP 20467 2002 14 ELM ELM NNP 20467 2002 15 . . . 20467 2003 1 RED RED NNP 20467 2003 2 ELM ELM NNP 20467 2003 3 . . . 20467 2004 1 = = NFP 20467 2004 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2004 3 and and CC 20467 2004 4 Range.=--Rich Range.=--Rich NNP 20467 2004 5 , , , 20467 2004 6 low low JJ 20467 2004 7 grounds ground NNS 20467 2004 8 , , , 20467 2004 9 low low JJ 20467 2004 10 , , , 20467 2004 11 rocky rocky JJ 20467 2004 12 woods wood NNS 20467 2004 13 and and CC 20467 2004 14 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 2004 15 . . . 20467 2005 1 Valley Valley NNP 20467 2005 2 of of IN 20467 2005 3 the the DT 20467 2005 4 St. St. NNP 20467 2005 5 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 20467 2005 6 , , , 20467 2005 7 apparently apparently RB 20467 2005 8 not not RB 20467 2005 9 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2005 10 . . . 20467 2006 1 Maine,--District Maine,--District NNP 20467 2006 2 of of IN 20467 2006 3 Maine Maine NNP 20467 2006 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2006 5 Michaux Michaux NNP 20467 2006 6 , , , 20467 2006 7 _ _ NNP 20467 2006 8 Sylva Sylva NNP 20467 2006 9 of of IN 20467 2006 10 North North NNP 20467 2006 11 America America NNP 20467 2006 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2006 13 , , , 20467 2006 14 ed ed NNP 20467 2006 15 . . . 20467 2007 1 1853 1853 CD 20467 2007 2 , , , 20467 2007 3 III III NNP 20467 2007 4 , , , 20467 2007 5 53 53 CD 20467 2007 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2007 7 , , , 20467 2007 8 rare rare JJ 20467 2007 9 ; ; : 20467 2007 10 Waterborough Waterborough NNP 20467 2007 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2007 12 York York NNP 20467 2007 13 county county NN 20467 2007 14 , , , 20467 2007 15 Chamberlain Chamberlain NNP 20467 2007 16 , , , 20467 2007 17 1898 1898 CD 20467 2007 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2007 19 ; ; : 20467 2007 20 New New NNP 20467 2007 21 Hampshire,--valley Hampshire,--valley NNP 20467 2007 22 of of IN 20467 2007 23 the the DT 20467 2007 24 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2007 25 , , , 20467 2007 26 usually usually RB 20467 2007 27 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 2007 28 within within IN 20467 2007 29 ten ten CD 20467 2007 30 miles mile NNS 20467 2007 31 of of IN 20467 2007 32 the the DT 20467 2007 33 river river NN 20467 2007 34 ; ; : 20467 2007 35 ranges range VBZ 20467 2007 36 as as RB 20467 2007 37 far far RB 20467 2007 38 north north RB 20467 2007 39 as as IN 20467 2007 40 the the DT 20467 2007 41 mouth mouth NN 20467 2007 42 of of IN 20467 2007 43 the the DT 20467 2007 44 Passumpsic Passumpsic NNP 20467 2007 45 ; ; : 20467 2007 46 Vermont,--frequent vermont,--frequent NN 20467 2007 47 ; ; : 20467 2007 48 Massachusetts,--rare massachusetts,--rare NN 20467 2007 49 in in IN 20467 2007 50 the the DT 20467 2007 51 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2007 52 sections section NNS 20467 2007 53 , , , 20467 2007 54 frequent frequent JJ 20467 2007 55 westward westward RB 20467 2007 56 ; ; : 20467 2007 57 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2007 58 Island.--infrequent island.--infrequent NN 20467 2007 59 ; ; : 20467 2007 60 Connecticut,--occasional Connecticut,--occasional NNP 20467 2007 61 . . . 20467 2008 1 South south RB 20467 2008 2 to to IN 20467 2008 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2008 4 ; ; : 20467 2008 5 west west NN 20467 2008 6 to to IN 20467 2008 7 North North NNP 20467 2008 8 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 2008 9 and and CC 20467 2008 10 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2008 11 . . . 20467 2009 1 = = NFP 20467 2009 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2009 3 small small JJ 20467 2009 4 or or CC 20467 2009 5 medium medium JJ 20467 2009 6 - - HYPH 20467 2009 7 sized sized JJ 20467 2009 8 tree tree NN 20467 2009 9 , , , 20467 2009 10 40 40 CD 20467 2009 11 - - SYM 20467 2009 12 60 60 CD 20467 2009 13 feet foot NNS 20467 2009 14 high high JJ 20467 2009 15 , , , 20467 2009 16 with with IN 20467 2009 17 a a DT 20467 2009 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 2009 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2009 20 of of IN 20467 2009 21 1 1 CD 20467 2009 22 - - HYPH 20467 2009 23 2 2 CD 20467 2009 24 - - HYPH 20467 2009 25 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2009 26 feet foot NNS 20467 2009 27 ; ; : 20467 2009 28 head head NN 20467 2009 29 in in IN 20467 2009 30 proportion proportion NN 20467 2009 31 to to IN 20467 2009 32 the the DT 20467 2009 33 height height NN 20467 2009 34 of of IN 20467 2009 35 the the DT 20467 2009 36 tree tree NN 20467 2009 37 , , , 20467 2009 38 the the DT 20467 2009 39 widest wide JJS 20467 2009 40 spreading spreading NN 20467 2009 41 of of IN 20467 2009 42 the the DT 20467 2009 43 species specie NNS 20467 2009 44 , , , 20467 2009 45 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2009 46 by by IN 20467 2009 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2009 48 dark dark JJ 20467 2009 49 , , , 20467 2009 50 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2009 51 buds bud NNS 20467 2009 52 and and CC 20467 2009 53 rusty rusty NN 20467 2009 54 - - HYPH 20467 2009 55 green green JJ 20467 2009 56 , , , 20467 2009 57 dense dense JJ 20467 2009 58 and and CC 20467 2009 59 rough rough JJ 20467 2009 60 foliage foliage NN 20467 2009 61 . . . 20467 2010 1 = = NFP 20467 2010 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2010 3 of of IN 20467 2010 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 2010 5 brown brown NNP 20467 2010 6 and and CC 20467 2010 7 in in IN 20467 2010 8 old old JJ 20467 2010 9 trees tree NNS 20467 2010 10 deeply deeply RB 20467 2010 11 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 2010 12 ; ; : 20467 2010 13 larger large JJR 20467 2010 14 branches branch NNS 20467 2010 15 grayish grayish NNP 20467 2010 16 - - HYPH 20467 2010 17 brown brown NNP 20467 2010 18 , , , 20467 2010 19 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2010 20 striate striate JJ 20467 2010 21 ; ; : 20467 2010 22 branchlets branchlets NNP 20467 2010 23 grayish grayish NN 20467 2010 24 - - HYPH 20467 2010 25 brown brown JJ 20467 2010 26 , , , 20467 2010 27 rough rough JJ 20467 2010 28 , , , 20467 2010 29 marked mark VBN 20467 2010 30 with with IN 20467 2010 31 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2010 32 dots dot NNS 20467 2010 33 , , , 20467 2010 34 downy downy NN 20467 2010 35 ; ; : 20467 2010 36 season season NN 20467 2010 37 's 's POS 20467 2010 38 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2010 39 light light NNP 20467 2010 40 gray gray JJ 20467 2010 41 and and CC 20467 2010 42 very very RB 20467 2010 43 rough rough JJ 20467 2010 44 ; ; : 20467 2010 45 inner inner JJ 20467 2010 46 bark bark NN 20467 2010 47 mucilaginous mucilaginous JJ 20467 2010 48 , , , 20467 2010 49 hence hence RB 20467 2010 50 the the DT 20467 2010 51 name name NN 20467 2010 52 " " `` 20467 2010 53 slippery slippery JJ 20467 2010 54 elm elm NNP 20467 2010 55 . . . 20467 2010 56 " " '' 20467 2011 1 = = NFP 20467 2011 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2011 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2011 4 and and CC 20467 2011 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2011 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2011 7 to to IN 20467 2011 8 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2011 9 - - HYPH 20467 2011 10 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 2011 11 , , , 20467 2011 12 acute acute JJ 20467 2011 13 or or CC 20467 2011 14 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2011 15 , , , 20467 2011 16 very very RB 20467 2011 17 dark dark JJ 20467 2011 18 , , , 20467 2011 19 densely densely RB 20467 2011 20 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 2011 21 , , , 20467 2011 22 very very RB 20467 2011 23 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2011 24 just just RB 20467 2011 25 before before IN 20467 2011 26 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 2011 27 . . . 20467 2012 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2012 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2012 3 , , , 20467 2012 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2012 5 , , , 20467 2012 6 4 4 CD 20467 2012 7 - - SYM 20467 2012 8 8 8 CD 20467 2012 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2012 10 long long JJ 20467 2012 11 , , , 20467 2012 12 3 3 CD 20467 2012 13 - - SYM 20467 2012 14 4 4 CD 20467 2012 15 inches inch NNS 20467 2012 16 wide wide JJ 20467 2012 17 , , , 20467 2012 18 thickish thickish JJ 20467 2012 19 , , , 20467 2012 20 minutely minutely RB 20467 2012 21 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2012 22 above above RB 20467 2012 23 and and CC 20467 2012 24 woolly woolly RB 20467 2012 25 beneath beneath IN 20467 2012 26 when when WRB 20467 2012 27 young young JJ 20467 2012 28 , , , 20467 2012 29 at at IN 20467 2012 30 maturity maturity NN 20467 2012 31 pale pale NNP 20467 2012 32 rusty rusty JJ 20467 2012 33 - - HYPH 20467 2012 34 green green JJ 20467 2012 35 and and CC 20467 2012 36 very very RB 20467 2012 37 rough rough JJ 20467 2012 38 both both DT 20467 2012 39 ways way NNS 20467 2012 40 upon upon IN 20467 2012 41 the the DT 20467 2012 42 upper upper JJ 20467 2012 43 surface surface NN 20467 2012 44 , , , 20467 2012 45 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2012 46 less less RBR 20467 2012 47 beneath beneath IN 20467 2012 48 , , , 20467 2012 49 rough rough JJ 20467 2012 50 and and CC 20467 2012 51 hairy hairy VB 20467 2012 52 along along IN 20467 2012 53 the the DT 20467 2012 54 ribs rib NNS 20467 2012 55 ; ; : 20467 2012 56 sweet sweet JJ 20467 2012 57 - - HYPH 20467 2012 58 scented scented JJ 20467 2012 59 when when WRB 20467 2012 60 dried dry VBN 20467 2012 61 ; ; : 20467 2012 62 outline outline NN 20467 2012 63 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2012 64 , , , 20467 2012 65 ovate ovate NN 20467 2012 66 - - HYPH 20467 2012 67 oblong oblong NN 20467 2012 68 , , , 20467 2012 69 or or CC 20467 2012 70 oval oval NN 20467 2012 71 , , , 20467 2012 72 doubly doubly RB 20467 2012 73 serrate serrate NNP 20467 2012 74 ; ; : 20467 2012 75 apex apex NNP 20467 2012 76 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2012 77 ; ; : 20467 2012 78 base base NN 20467 2012 79 more more RBR 20467 2012 80 or or CC 20467 2012 81 less less JJR 20467 2012 82 heart heart NN 20467 2012 83 - - HYPH 20467 2012 84 shaped shape VBN 20467 2012 85 or or CC 20467 2012 86 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2012 87 , , , 20467 2012 88 inequilateral inequilateral JJ 20467 2012 89 ; ; : 20467 2012 90 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2012 91 short short JJ 20467 2012 92 , , , 20467 2012 93 rough rough JJ 20467 2012 94 , , , 20467 2012 95 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2012 96 ; ; : 20467 2012 97 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2012 98 small small JJ 20467 2012 99 , , , 20467 2012 100 soon soon RB 20467 2012 101 falling fall VBG 20467 2012 102 . . . 20467 2013 1 = = NFP 20467 2013 2 Inflorescence.=--March inflorescence.=--march ADD 20467 2013 3 to to IN 20467 2013 4 April April NNP 20467 2013 5 . . . 20467 2014 1 Preceding precede VBG 20467 2014 2 the the DT 20467 2014 3 leaves leave NNS 20467 2014 4 , , , 20467 2014 5 from from IN 20467 2014 6 the the DT 20467 2014 7 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2014 8 buds bud NNS 20467 2014 9 of of IN 20467 2014 10 the the DT 20467 2014 11 preceding precede VBG 20467 2014 12 season season NN 20467 2014 13 , , , 20467 2014 14 in in IN 20467 2014 15 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2014 16 of of IN 20467 2014 17 nearly nearly RB 20467 2014 18 sessile sessile JJ 20467 2014 19 , , , 20467 2014 20 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2014 21 flowers flower NNS 20467 2014 22 ; ; , 20467 2014 23 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2014 24 , , , 20467 2014 25 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2014 26 , , , 20467 2014 27 and and CC 20467 2014 28 perfect perfect JJ 20467 2014 29 on on IN 20467 2014 30 the the DT 20467 2014 31 same same JJ 20467 2014 32 tree tree NN 20467 2014 33 ; ; : 20467 2014 34 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2014 35 5 5 CD 20467 2014 36 - - SYM 20467 2014 37 9-lobed 9-lobed CD 20467 2014 38 , , , 20467 2014 39 downy downy NN 20467 2014 40 ; ; : 20467 2014 41 corolla corolla NN 20467 2014 42 none none NN 20467 2014 43 ; ; : 20467 2014 44 stamens stamens NNP 20467 2014 45 5 5 CD 20467 2014 46 - - SYM 20467 2014 47 9 9 CD 20467 2014 48 , , , 20467 2014 49 anthers anther NNS 20467 2014 50 dark dark JJ 20467 2014 51 red red JJ 20467 2014 52 ; ; , 20467 2014 53 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2014 54 flattened flatten VBD 20467 2014 55 ; ; : 20467 2014 56 styles style NNS 20467 2014 57 two two CD 20467 2014 58 , , , 20467 2014 59 purple purple JJ 20467 2014 60 , , , 20467 2014 61 downy downy JJ 20467 2014 62 . . . 20467 2015 1 = = NFP 20467 2015 2 Fruit.=--A Fruit.=--A NNPS 20467 2015 3 samara samara NN 20467 2015 4 , , , 20467 2015 5 winged wing VBD 20467 2015 6 all all DT 20467 2015 7 round round JJ 20467 2015 8 , , , 20467 2015 9 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2015 10 inch inch NN 20467 2015 11 in in IN 20467 2015 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 2015 13 , , , 20467 2015 14 roundish roundish NNP 20467 2015 15 , , , 20467 2015 16 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2015 17 over over IN 20467 2015 18 the the DT 20467 2015 19 seed seed NN 20467 2015 20 , , , 20467 2015 21 not not RB 20467 2015 22 fringed fringe VBN 20467 2015 23 , , , 20467 2015 24 larger large JJR 20467 2015 25 than than IN 20467 2015 26 the the DT 20467 2015 27 fruit fruit NN 20467 2015 28 of of IN 20467 2015 29 _ _ NNP 20467 2015 30 U. U. NNP 20467 2016 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2016 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2016 3 . . . 20467 2017 1 = = NFP 20467 2017 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2017 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2017 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2017 5 New New NNP 20467 2017 6 England England NNP 20467 2017 7 ; ; : 20467 2017 8 does do VBZ 20467 2017 9 well well RB 20467 2017 10 in in IN 20467 2017 11 various various JJ 20467 2017 12 situations situation NNS 20467 2017 13 , , , 20467 2017 14 but but CC 20467 2017 15 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2017 16 a a DT 20467 2017 17 light light JJ 20467 2017 18 , , , 20467 2017 19 sandy sandy JJ 20467 2017 20 or or CC 20467 2017 21 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 2017 22 soil soil NN 20467 2017 23 near near IN 20467 2017 24 running running NN 20467 2017 25 water water NN 20467 2017 26 ; ; : 20467 2017 27 grows grow VBZ 20467 2017 28 more more RBR 20467 2017 29 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 2017 30 than than IN 20467 2017 31 _ _ NNP 20467 2017 32 U. U. NNP 20467 2018 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2018 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2018 3 , , , 20467 2018 4 and and CC 20467 2018 5 is be VBZ 20467 2018 6 less less RBR 20467 2018 7 liable liable JJ 20467 2018 8 to to IN 20467 2018 9 the the DT 20467 2018 10 attacks attack NNS 20467 2018 11 of of IN 20467 2018 12 insects insect NNS 20467 2018 13 ; ; : 20467 2018 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2018 15 large large JJ 20467 2018 16 foliage foliage NN 20467 2018 17 and and CC 20467 2018 18 graceful graceful JJ 20467 2018 19 outline outline NN 20467 2018 20 make make VBP 20467 2018 21 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2018 22 worthy worthy JJ 20467 2018 23 of of IN 20467 2018 24 a a DT 20467 2018 25 place place NN 20467 2018 26 in in IN 20467 2018 27 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2018 28 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2018 29 . . . 20467 2019 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 2019 2 from from IN 20467 2019 3 seed seed NN 20467 2019 4 . . . 20467 2020 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2020 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2020 3 : : : 20467 2020 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2020 5 XLIX.--Ulmus XLIX.--Ulmus NNP 20467 2020 6 fulva fulva NN 20467 2020 7 . . . 20467 2020 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2021 1 1 1 LS 20467 2021 2 . . . 20467 2022 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2022 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2022 3 . . . 20467 2023 1 2 2 LS 20467 2023 2 . . . 20467 2024 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2024 2 branch branch NN 20467 2024 3 , , , 20467 2024 4 3 3 CD 20467 2024 5 . . . 20467 2025 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2025 2 , , , 20467 2025 3 top top JJ 20467 2025 4 view view NN 20467 2025 5 . . . 20467 2026 1 4 4 LS 20467 2026 2 . . . 20467 2027 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2027 2 , , , 20467 2027 3 side side NN 20467 2027 4 view view NN 20467 2027 5 , , , 20467 2027 6 part part NN 20467 2027 7 of of IN 20467 2027 8 perianth perianth NN 20467 2027 9 and and CC 20467 2027 10 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2027 11 removed remove VBN 20467 2027 12 . . . 20467 2028 1 5 5 CD 20467 2028 2 . . . 20467 2029 1 Pistil Pistil NNP 20467 2029 2 . . . 20467 2030 1 6 6 CD 20467 2030 2 . . . 20467 2031 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2031 2 branch branch NN 20467 2031 3 . . . 20467 2032 1 = = NFP 20467 2032 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 2032 3 racemosa racemosa NNP 20467 2032 4 , , , 20467 2032 5 Thomas.= Thomas.= NNP 20467 2032 6 CORK CORK NNP 20467 2032 7 ELM ELM NNP 20467 2032 8 . . . 20467 2033 1 ROCK ROCK NNP 20467 2033 2 ELM ELM NNP 20467 2033 3 . . . 20467 2034 1 = = NFP 20467 2034 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2034 3 and and CC 20467 2034 4 Range.=--Dry range.=--dry NN 20467 2034 5 , , , 20467 2034 6 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 2034 7 soils soil NNS 20467 2034 8 , , , 20467 2034 9 rich rich JJ 20467 2034 10 soils soil NNS 20467 2034 11 , , , 20467 2034 12 river river NN 20467 2034 13 banks bank NNS 20467 2034 14 . . . 20467 2035 1 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 2035 2 through through IN 20467 2035 3 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2035 4 . . . 20467 2036 1 Maine,--not Maine,--not NNP 20467 2036 2 reported report VBD 20467 2036 3 ; ; : 20467 2036 4 New New NNP 20467 2036 5 Hampshire,--rare Hampshire,--rare NNP 20467 2036 6 and and CC 20467 2036 7 extremely extremely RB 20467 2036 8 local local JJ 20467 2036 9 ; ; : 20467 2036 10 Meriden Meriden NNP 20467 2036 11 and and CC 20467 2036 12 one one CD 20467 2036 13 or or CC 20467 2036 14 two two CD 20467 2036 15 other other JJ 20467 2036 16 places place NNS 20467 2036 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2036 18 Jessup Jessup NNP 20467 2036 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2036 20 ; ; : 20467 2036 21 Vermont,--rare Vermont,--rare NNP 20467 2036 22 , , , 20467 2036 23 Bennington Bennington NNP 20467 2036 24 , , , 20467 2036 25 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 2036 26 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2036 27 Robbins Robbins NNP 20467 2036 28 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2036 29 , , , 20467 2036 30 Knowlton Knowlton NNP 20467 2036 31 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2036 32 Brainerd Brainerd NNP 20467 2036 33 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2036 34 , , , 20467 2036 35 Highgate Highgate NNP 20467 2036 36 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2036 37 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 2036 38 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2036 39 ; ; : 20467 2036 40 comparatively comparatively RB 20467 2036 41 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2036 42 in in IN 20467 2036 43 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 2036 44 valley valley NNP 20467 2036 45 and and CC 20467 2036 46 westward westward NNP 20467 2036 47 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2036 48 T. T. NNP 20467 2036 49 H. H. NNP 20467 2036 50 Haskins Haskins NNP 20467 2036 51 , , , 20467 2036 52 _ _ NNP 20467 2036 53 Garden Garden NNP 20467 2036 54 and and CC 20467 2036 55 Forest Forest NNP 20467 2036 56 _ _ NNP 20467 2036 57 , , , 20467 2036 58 V V NNP 20467 2036 59 , , , 20467 2036 60 86 86 CD 20467 2036 61 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2036 62 ; ; : 20467 2036 63 Massachusetts,--rare massachusetts,--rare NN 20467 2036 64 ; ; : 20467 2036 65 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2036 66 Island Island NNP 20467 2036 67 and and CC 20467 2036 68 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 2036 69 reported report VBD 20467 2036 70 native native JJ 20467 2036 71 . . . 20467 2037 1 South south RB 20467 2037 2 to to IN 20467 2037 3 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 2037 4 ; ; : 20467 2037 5 west west NN 20467 2037 6 to to IN 20467 2037 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2037 8 , , , 20467 2037 9 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 2037 10 , , , 20467 2037 11 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2037 12 and and CC 20467 2037 13 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2037 14 . . . 20467 2038 1 = = NFP 20467 2038 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2038 3 large large JJ 20467 2038 4 tree tree NN 20467 2038 5 , , , 20467 2038 6 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2038 7 inferior inferior JJ 20467 2038 8 at at IN 20467 2038 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2038 10 best good JJS 20467 2038 11 to to IN 20467 2038 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2038 13 U. U. NNP 20467 2039 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2039 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2039 3 , , , 20467 2039 4 50 50 CD 20467 2039 5 - - SYM 20467 2039 6 75 75 CD 20467 2039 7 feet foot NNS 20467 2039 8 high high JJ 20467 2039 9 , , , 20467 2039 10 with with IN 20467 2039 11 a a DT 20467 2039 12 trunk trunk NN 20467 2039 13 diameter diameter NN 20467 2039 14 of of IN 20467 2039 15 2 2 CD 20467 2039 16 - - SYM 20467 2039 17 3 3 CD 20467 2039 18 feet foot NNS 20467 2039 19 ; ; , 20467 2039 20 reaching reach VBG 20467 2039 21 in in IN 20467 2039 22 southern southern JJ 20467 2039 23 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 2039 24 a a DT 20467 2039 25 height height NN 20467 2039 26 of of IN 20467 2039 27 100 100 CD 20467 2039 28 feet foot NNS 20467 2039 29 and and CC 20467 2039 30 a a DT 20467 2039 31 diameter diameter NN 20467 2039 32 of of IN 20467 2039 33 5 5 CD 20467 2039 34 feet foot NNS 20467 2039 35 ; ; : 20467 2039 36 trunk trunk NN 20467 2039 37 rather rather RB 20467 2039 38 slender slender NN 20467 2039 39 ; ; : 20467 2039 40 branches branch NNS 20467 2039 41 short short JJ 20467 2039 42 and and CC 20467 2039 43 stout stout RB 20467 2039 44 , , , 20467 2039 45 often often RB 20467 2039 46 twiggy twiggy JJ 20467 2039 47 in in IN 20467 2039 48 the the DT 20467 2039 49 interior interior NN 20467 2039 50 of of IN 20467 2039 51 the the DT 20467 2039 52 tree tree NN 20467 2039 53 ; ; : 20467 2039 54 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2039 55 slender slender NN 20467 2039 56 , , , 20467 2039 57 spreading spread VBG 20467 2039 58 , , , 20467 2039 59 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2039 60 with with IN 20467 2039 61 a a DT 20467 2039 62 drooping drooping JJ 20467 2039 63 tendency tendency NN 20467 2039 64 ; ; : 20467 2039 65 head head NN 20467 2039 66 rather rather RB 20467 2039 67 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2039 68 , , , 20467 2039 69 round round JJ 20467 2039 70 - - HYPH 20467 2039 71 topped top VBN 20467 2039 72 . . . 20467 2040 1 = = NFP 20467 2040 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2040 3 of of IN 20467 2040 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 2040 5 brownish brownish NNP 20467 2040 6 - - HYPH 20467 2040 7 gray gray NNP 20467 2040 8 , , , 20467 2040 9 in in IN 20467 2040 10 old old JJ 20467 2040 11 trees tree NNS 20467 2040 12 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 2040 13 separated separate VBD 20467 2040 14 into into IN 20467 2040 15 deep deep JJ 20467 2040 16 , , , 20467 2040 17 wide wide JJ 20467 2040 18 , , , 20467 2040 19 flat flat JJ 20467 2040 20 - - HYPH 20467 2040 21 topped top VBN 20467 2040 22 ridges ridge NNS 20467 2040 23 ; ; : 20467 2040 24 branches branches NNP 20467 2040 25 grayish grayish NNP 20467 2040 26 - - HYPH 20467 2040 27 brown brown JJ 20467 2040 28 ; ; : 20467 2040 29 leaf leaf NN 20467 2040 30 - - HYPH 20467 2040 31 scars scar NNS 20467 2040 32 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2040 33 ; ; : 20467 2040 34 season season NN 20467 2040 35 's 's POS 20467 2040 36 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2040 37 light light NNP 20467 2040 38 brown brown NNP 20467 2040 39 , , , 20467 2040 40 more more RBR 20467 2040 41 or or CC 20467 2040 42 less less RBR 20467 2040 43 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2040 44 or or CC 20467 2040 45 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2040 46 , , , 20467 2040 47 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2040 48 - - HYPH 20467 2040 49 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2040 50 ; ; : 20467 2040 51 branches branch NNS 20467 2040 52 and and CC 20467 2040 53 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2040 54 often often RB 20467 2040 55 marked mark VBD 20467 2040 56 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 2040 57 with with IN 20467 2040 58 corky corky NNP 20467 2040 59 , , , 20467 2040 60 wing wing NN 20467 2040 61 - - HYPH 20467 2040 62 like like JJ 20467 2040 63 ridges ridge NNS 20467 2040 64 . . . 20467 2041 1 = = NFP 20467 2041 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2041 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2041 4 and and CC 20467 2041 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2041 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2041 7 to to IN 20467 2041 8 oblong oblong NNP 20467 2041 9 , , , 20467 2041 10 pointed point VBD 20467 2041 11 , , , 20467 2041 12 scales scale VBZ 20467 2041 13 downy downy NN 20467 2041 14 - - HYPH 20467 2041 15 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 2041 16 , , , 20467 2041 17 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2041 18 . . . 20467 2042 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2042 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2042 3 , , , 20467 2042 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2042 5 , , , 20467 2042 6 3 3 CD 20467 2042 7 - - SYM 20467 2042 8 4 4 CD 20467 2042 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2042 10 long long JJ 20467 2042 11 , , , 20467 2042 12 half half RB 20467 2042 13 as as RB 20467 2042 14 wide wide JJ 20467 2042 15 , , , 20467 2042 16 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2042 17 above above RB 20467 2042 18 , , , 20467 2042 19 minutely minutely RB 20467 2042 20 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2042 21 beneath beneath IN 20467 2042 22 ; ; : 20467 2042 23 outline outline NN 20467 2042 24 ovate ovate NN 20467 2042 25 , , , 20467 2042 26 doubly doubly RB 20467 2042 27 serrate serrate VB 20467 2042 28 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2042 29 less less RBR 20467 2042 30 sharp sharp JJ 20467 2042 31 than than IN 20467 2042 32 the the DT 20467 2042 33 serratures serrature NNS 20467 2042 34 in in IN 20467 2042 35 _ _ NNP 20467 2042 36 U. U. NNP 20467 2043 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2043 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2043 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2043 4 ; ; : 20467 2043 5 apex apex NNP 20467 2043 6 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2043 7 ; ; : 20467 2043 8 base base NNP 20467 2043 9 inequilateral inequilateral NNP 20467 2043 10 , , , 20467 2043 11 produced produce VBN 20467 2043 12 and and CC 20467 2043 13 rounded round VBN 20467 2043 14 on on IN 20467 2043 15 one one CD 20467 2043 16 side side NN 20467 2043 17 , , , 20467 2043 18 acute acute JJ 20467 2043 19 or or CC 20467 2043 20 slightly slightly RB 20467 2043 21 rounded round VBD 20467 2043 22 on on IN 20467 2043 23 the the DT 20467 2043 24 other other JJ 20467 2043 25 ; ; : 20467 2043 26 veins vein NNS 20467 2043 27 straight straight RB 20467 2043 28 ; ; : 20467 2043 29 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2043 30 short short JJ 20467 2043 31 , , , 20467 2043 32 stout stout RB 20467 2043 33 ; ; : 20467 2043 34 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2043 35 soon soon RB 20467 2043 36 falling fall VBG 20467 2043 37 . . . 20467 2044 1 = = NFP 20467 2044 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 2044 3 to to IN 20467 2044 4 May. May NNP 20467 2045 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2045 2 before before IN 20467 2045 3 the the DT 20467 2045 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2045 5 from from IN 20467 2045 6 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2045 7 buds bud NNS 20467 2045 8 of of IN 20467 2045 9 the the DT 20467 2045 10 preceding precede VBG 20467 2045 11 season season NN 20467 2045 12 , , , 20467 2045 13 in in IN 20467 2045 14 drooping droop VBG 20467 2045 15 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2045 16 ; ; : 20467 2045 17 calyx calyx NN 20467 2045 18 lobes lob VBZ 20467 2045 19 7 7 CD 20467 2045 20 - - SYM 20467 2045 21 8 8 CD 20467 2045 22 , , , 20467 2045 23 broad broad JJ 20467 2045 24 - - HYPH 20467 2045 25 triangular triangular JJ 20467 2045 26 , , , 20467 2045 27 with with IN 20467 2045 28 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2045 29 edges edge NNS 20467 2045 30 and and CC 20467 2045 31 a a DT 20467 2045 32 mostly mostly RB 20467 2045 33 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2045 34 apex apex NN 20467 2045 35 : : : 20467 2045 36 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 2045 37 thread thread NN 20467 2045 38 - - HYPH 20467 2045 39 like like JJ 20467 2045 40 , , , 20467 2045 41 jointed jointed JJ 20467 2045 42 ; ; : 20467 2045 43 stamens stamens NNP 20467 2045 44 5 5 CD 20467 2045 45 - - SYM 20467 2045 46 10 10 CD 20467 2045 47 , , , 20467 2045 48 exserted exsert VBN 20467 2045 49 , , , 20467 2045 50 anthers anther NNS 20467 2045 51 purple purple JJ 20467 2045 52 , , , 20467 2045 53 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2045 54 2-styled 2-styled CD 20467 2045 55 : : : 20467 2045 56 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 2045 57 recurved recurve VBN 20467 2045 58 or or CC 20467 2045 59 spreading spread VBG 20467 2045 60 . . . 20467 2046 1 = = NFP 20467 2046 2 Fruit.=--Samara fruit.=--samara UH 20467 2046 3 ovate ovate NN 20467 2046 4 , , , 20467 2046 5 broadly broadly RB 20467 2046 6 oval oval JJ 20467 2046 7 , , , 20467 2046 8 or or CC 20467 2046 9 obovate obovate VB 20467 2046 10 , , , 20467 2046 11 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2046 12 , , , 20467 2046 13 margin margin NN 20467 2046 14 densely densely RB 20467 2046 15 fringed fringe VBN 20467 2046 16 , , , 20467 2046 17 resembling resemble VBG 20467 2046 18 fruit fruit NN 20467 2046 19 of of IN 20467 2046 20 _ _ NNP 20467 2046 21 U. U. NNP 20467 2047 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2047 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2047 3 but but CC 20467 2047 4 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2047 5 larger large JJR 20467 2047 6 . . . 20467 2048 1 = = NFP 20467 2048 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2048 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2048 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2048 5 New New NNP 20467 2048 6 England England NNP 20467 2048 7 ; ; : 20467 2048 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2048 9 a a DT 20467 2048 10 moist moist NN 20467 2048 11 , , , 20467 2048 12 rich rich JJ 20467 2048 13 soil soil NN 20467 2048 14 , , , 20467 2048 15 in in IN 20467 2048 16 open open JJ 20467 2048 17 situations situation NNS 20467 2048 18 ; ; : 20467 2048 19 less less RBR 20467 2048 20 variable variable JJ 20467 2048 21 in in IN 20467 2048 22 habit habit NN 20467 2048 23 than than IN 20467 2048 24 the the DT 20467 2048 25 American american JJ 20467 2048 26 elm elm NN 20467 2048 27 and and CC 20467 2048 28 a a DT 20467 2048 29 smaller small JJR 20467 2048 30 tree tree NN 20467 2048 31 with with IN 20467 2048 32 smaller small JJR 20467 2048 33 foliage foliage NN 20467 2048 34 , , , 20467 2048 35 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2048 36 varying vary VBG 20467 2048 37 enough enough RB 20467 2048 38 to to TO 20467 2048 39 justify justify VB 20467 2048 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2048 41 extensive extensive JJ 20467 2048 42 use use NN 20467 2048 43 as as IN 20467 2048 44 a a DT 20467 2048 45 substitute substitute NN 20467 2048 46 . . . 20467 2049 1 Not not RB 20467 2049 2 often often RB 20467 2049 3 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2049 4 in in IN 20467 2049 5 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2049 6 , , , 20467 2049 7 but but CC 20467 2049 8 readily readily RB 20467 2049 9 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 2049 10 , , , 20467 2049 11 and and CC 20467 2049 12 easily easily RB 20467 2049 13 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2049 14 from from IN 20467 2049 15 the the DT 20467 2049 16 seed seed NN 20467 2049 17 . . . 20467 2050 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2050 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2050 3 : : : 20467 2050 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2050 5 L.--Ulmus L.--Ulmus NNP 20467 2050 6 racemosa racemosa NNP 20467 2050 7 . . . 20467 2050 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2051 1 1 1 LS 20467 2051 2 . . . 20467 2052 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2052 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2052 3 , , , 20467 2052 4 at at IN 20467 2052 5 the the DT 20467 2052 6 time time NN 20467 2052 7 the the DT 20467 2052 8 flowers flower NNS 20467 2052 9 open open VBP 20467 2052 10 . . . 20467 2053 1 2 2 LS 20467 2053 2 . . . 20467 2054 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2054 2 branch branch NN 20467 2054 3 . . . 20467 2055 1 3 3 LS 20467 2055 2 . . . 20467 2056 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2056 2 , , , 20467 2056 3 side side NN 20467 2056 4 view view NN 20467 2056 5 . . . 20467 2057 1 4 4 LS 20467 2057 2 . . . 20467 2058 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2058 2 , , , 20467 2058 3 side side NN 20467 2058 4 view view NN 20467 2058 5 , , , 20467 2058 6 perianth perianth NN 20467 2058 7 and and CC 20467 2058 8 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2058 9 partly partly RB 20467 2058 10 removed remove VBN 20467 2058 11 . . . 20467 2059 1 5 5 CD 20467 2059 2 . . . 20467 2060 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2060 2 branch branch NN 20467 2060 3 . . . 20467 2061 1 CELTIS CELTIS NNP 20467 2061 2 OCCIDENTALIS OCCIDENTALIS NNP 20467 2061 3 , , , 20467 2061 4 L. L. NNP 20467 2061 5 HACKBERRY HACKBERRY NNP 20467 2061 6 . . . 20467 2062 1 NETTLE NETTLE NNP 20467 2062 2 TREE TREE NNP 20467 2062 3 . . . 20467 2063 1 HOOP HOOP NNP 20467 2063 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 2063 3 . . . 20467 2064 1 SUGAR sugar JJ 20467 2064 2 BERRY berry NN 20467 2064 3 . . . 20467 2065 1 = = NFP 20467 2065 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2065 3 and and CC 20467 2065 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2065 5 divers diver NNS 20467 2065 6 situations situation NNS 20467 2065 7 and and CC 20467 2065 8 soils soil NNS 20467 2065 9 ; ; : 20467 2065 10 woods wood NNS 20467 2065 11 , , , 20467 2065 12 river river NN 20467 2065 13 banks bank NNS 20467 2065 14 , , , 20467 2065 15 near near IN 20467 2065 16 salt salt NN 20467 2065 17 marshes marsh NNS 20467 2065 18 . . . 20467 2066 1 Province Province NNP 20467 2066 2 of of IN 20467 2066 3 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 2066 4 to to IN 20467 2066 5 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2066 6 of of IN 20467 2066 7 the the DT 20467 2066 8 Woods Woods NNP 20467 2066 9 , , , 20467 2066 10 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2066 11 . . . 20467 2067 1 Maine,--not Maine,--not NNP 20467 2067 2 reported report VBD 20467 2067 3 ; ; : 20467 2067 4 New New NNP 20467 2067 5 Hampshire,--sparingly hampshire,--sparingly RB 20467 2067 6 along along IN 20467 2067 7 the the DT 20467 2067 8 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2067 9 valley valley NN 20467 2067 10 , , , 20467 2067 11 as as RB 20467 2067 12 far far RB 20467 2067 13 as as IN 20467 2067 14 Wells Wells NNP 20467 2067 15 river river NNP 20467 2067 16 ; ; : 20467 2067 17 Vermont,--along Vermont,--along NNP 20467 2067 18 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2067 19 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 2067 20 , , , 20467 2067 21 not not RB 20467 2067 22 common common JJ 20467 2067 23 ; ; : 20467 2067 24 Norwich Norwich NNP 20467 2067 25 and and CC 20467 2067 26 Windsor Windsor NNP 20467 2067 27 on on IN 20467 2067 28 the the DT 20467 2067 29 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2067 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2067 31 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 2067 32 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2067 33 ; ; : 20467 2067 34 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 2067 35 throughout throughout IN 20467 2067 36 the the DT 20467 2067 37 state state NN 20467 2067 38 ; ; : 20467 2067 39 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2067 40 Island,--common Island,--common NNP 20467 2067 41 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2067 42 Bailey Bailey NNP 20467 2067 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2067 44 ; ; : 20467 2067 45 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 2067 46 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2067 47 J. J. NNP 20467 2067 48 N. N. NNP 20467 2067 49 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 2067 50 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2067 51 . . . 20467 2068 1 South south RB 20467 2068 2 to to IN 20467 2068 3 the the DT 20467 2068 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 2068 5 states state NNS 20467 2068 6 ; ; : 20467 2068 7 west west NN 20467 2068 8 to to IN 20467 2068 9 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2068 10 and and CC 20467 2068 11 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2068 12 . . . 20467 2069 1 = = NFP 20467 2069 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2069 3 small small JJ 20467 2069 4 or or CC 20467 2069 5 medium medium JJ 20467 2069 6 - - HYPH 20467 2069 7 sized sized JJ 20467 2069 8 tree tree NN 20467 2069 9 , , , 20467 2069 10 20 20 CD 20467 2069 11 - - SYM 20467 2069 12 45 45 CD 20467 2069 13 feet foot NNS 20467 2069 14 high high JJ 20467 2069 15 , , , 20467 2069 16 with with IN 20467 2069 17 a a DT 20467 2069 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 2069 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2069 20 of of IN 20467 2069 21 8 8 CD 20467 2069 22 inches inch NNS 20467 2069 23 to to IN 20467 2069 24 2 2 CD 20467 2069 25 feet foot NNS 20467 2069 26 ; ; , 20467 2069 27 attaining attain VBG 20467 2069 28 farther far RBR 20467 2069 29 south south RB 20467 2069 30 a a DT 20467 2069 31 maximum maximum NN 20467 2069 32 of of IN 20467 2069 33 100 100 CD 20467 2069 34 feet foot NNS 20467 2069 35 in in IN 20467 2069 36 height height NN 20467 2069 37 , , , 20467 2069 38 with with IN 20467 2069 39 a a DT 20467 2069 40 trunk trunk NN 20467 2069 41 diameter diameter NN 20467 2069 42 of of IN 20467 2069 43 4 4 CD 20467 2069 44 - - SYM 20467 2069 45 6 6 CD 20467 2069 46 feet foot NNS 20467 2069 47 ; ; , 20467 2069 48 variable variable JJ 20467 2069 49 ; ; : 20467 2069 50 most most RBS 20467 2069 51 commonly commonly RB 20467 2069 52 the the DT 20467 2069 53 rough rough JJ 20467 2069 54 , , , 20467 2069 55 straight straight JJ 20467 2069 56 trunk trunk NN 20467 2069 57 , , , 20467 2069 58 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2069 59 buttressed buttress VBN 20467 2069 60 at at IN 20467 2069 61 the the DT 20467 2069 62 base base NN 20467 2069 63 , , , 20467 2069 64 branches branch VBZ 20467 2069 65 a a DT 20467 2069 66 few few JJ 20467 2069 67 feet foot NNS 20467 2069 68 from from IN 20467 2069 69 the the DT 20467 2069 70 ground ground NN 20467 2069 71 , , , 20467 2069 72 sending send VBG 20467 2069 73 out out RP 20467 2069 74 a a DT 20467 2069 75 few few JJ 20467 2069 76 large large JJ 20467 2069 77 limbs limb NNS 20467 2069 78 and and CC 20467 2069 79 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2069 80 slender slender NN 20467 2069 81 , , , 20467 2069 82 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2069 83 or or CC 20467 2069 84 slightly slightly RB 20467 2069 85 drooping droop VBG 20467 2069 86 and and CC 20467 2069 87 more more RBR 20467 2069 88 or or CC 20467 2069 89 less less RBR 20467 2069 90 tortuous tortuous JJ 20467 2069 91 branches branch NNS 20467 2069 92 ; ; : 20467 2069 93 head head VB 20467 2069 94 wide wide RB 20467 2069 95 - - HYPH 20467 2069 96 spreading spread VBG 20467 2069 97 , , , 20467 2069 98 flattish flattish JJ 20467 2069 99 or or CC 20467 2069 100 often often RB 20467 2069 101 rounded round VBD 20467 2069 102 , , , 20467 2069 103 with with IN 20467 2069 104 deep deep JJ 20467 2069 105 green green JJ 20467 2069 106 foliage foliage NN 20467 2069 107 which which WDT 20467 2069 108 lasts last VBZ 20467 2069 109 into into IN 20467 2069 110 late late JJ 20467 2069 111 autumn autumn NN 20467 2069 112 with with IN 20467 2069 113 little little JJ 20467 2069 114 change change NN 20467 2069 115 in in IN 20467 2069 116 color color NN 20467 2069 117 , , , 20467 2069 118 and and CC 20467 2069 119 with with IN 20467 2069 120 cherry cherry NN 20467 2069 121 - - HYPH 20467 2069 122 like like JJ 20467 2069 123 fruit fruit NN 20467 2069 124 which which WDT 20467 2069 125 holds hold VBZ 20467 2069 126 on on IN 20467 2069 127 till till IN 20467 2069 128 the the DT 20467 2069 129 next next JJ 20467 2069 130 spring spring NN 20467 2069 131 . . . 20467 2070 1 = = NFP 20467 2070 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2070 3 of of IN 20467 2070 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2070 5 in in IN 20467 2070 6 young young JJ 20467 2070 7 trees tree NNS 20467 2070 8 grayish grayish VBP 20467 2070 9 , , , 20467 2070 10 rough rough JJ 20467 2070 11 , , , 20467 2070 12 unbroken unbroken JJ 20467 2070 13 , , , 20467 2070 14 in in IN 20467 2070 15 old old JJ 20467 2070 16 trees tree NNS 20467 2070 17 with with IN 20467 2070 18 deep deep JJ 20467 2070 19 , , , 20467 2070 20 short short JJ 20467 2070 21 ridges ridge NNS 20467 2070 22 ; ; : 20467 2070 23 main main JJ 20467 2070 24 branches branch NNS 20467 2070 25 corrugated corrugate VBN 20467 2070 26 ; ; : 20467 2070 27 secondary secondary JJ 20467 2070 28 branches branch NNS 20467 2070 29 close close JJ 20467 2070 30 and and CC 20467 2070 31 even even RB 20467 2070 32 ; ; : 20467 2070 33 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2070 34 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2070 35 ; ; : 20467 2070 36 season season NN 20467 2070 37 's 's POS 20467 2070 38 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2070 39 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2070 40 - - HYPH 20467 2070 41 brown brown JJ 20467 2070 42 , , , 20467 2070 43 often often RB 20467 2070 44 downy downy JJ 20467 2070 45 , , , 20467 2070 46 more more RBR 20467 2070 47 or or CC 20467 2070 48 less less RBR 20467 2070 49 shining shine VBG 20467 2070 50 . . . 20467 2071 1 = = NFP 20467 2071 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2071 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2071 4 and and CC 20467 2071 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2071 6 small small JJ 20467 2071 7 , , , 20467 2071 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2071 9 , , , 20467 2071 10 acute acute JJ 20467 2071 11 , , , 20467 2071 12 scales scale VBZ 20467 2071 13 chestnut chestnut NNP 20467 2071 14 brown brown NNP 20467 2071 15 . . . 20467 2072 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2072 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2072 3 , , , 20467 2072 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2072 5 , , , 20467 2072 6 extremely extremely RB 20467 2072 7 variable variable JJ 20467 2072 8 in in IN 20467 2072 9 size size NN 20467 2072 10 , , , 20467 2072 11 outline outline NN 20467 2072 12 , , , 20467 2072 13 and and CC 20467 2072 14 texture texture NN 20467 2072 15 , , , 20467 2072 16 usually usually RB 20467 2072 17 2 2 CD 20467 2072 18 - - SYM 20467 2072 19 4 4 CD 20467 2072 20 inches inch NNS 20467 2072 21 long long JJ 20467 2072 22 , , , 20467 2072 23 two two CD 20467 2072 24 - - HYPH 20467 2072 25 thirds third NNS 20467 2072 26 as as IN 20467 2072 27 wide wide JJ 20467 2072 28 , , , 20467 2072 29 thin thin JJ 20467 2072 30 , , , 20467 2072 31 deep deep JJ 20467 2072 32 green green NN 20467 2072 33 , , , 20467 2072 34 and and CC 20467 2072 35 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2072 36 rough rough JJ 20467 2072 37 above above RB 20467 2072 38 , , , 20467 2072 39 more more RBR 20467 2072 40 or or CC 20467 2072 41 less less RBR 20467 2072 42 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2072 43 beneath beneath IN 20467 2072 44 , , , 20467 2072 45 with with IN 20467 2072 46 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2072 47 and and CC 20467 2072 48 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2072 49 veins vein NNS 20467 2072 50 , , , 20467 2072 51 outline outline NN 20467 2072 52 ovate ovate NN 20467 2072 53 to to IN 20467 2072 54 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2072 55 - - HYPH 20467 2072 56 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2072 57 , , , 20467 2072 58 sharply sharply RB 20467 2072 59 serrate serrate VB 20467 2072 60 above above IN 20467 2072 61 the the DT 20467 2072 62 lower low JJR 20467 2072 63 third third NN 20467 2072 64 ; ; : 20467 2072 65 apex apex NNP 20467 2072 66 usually usually RB 20467 2072 67 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 2072 68 and and CC 20467 2072 69 sharply sharply RB 20467 2072 70 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 2072 71 ; ; : 20467 2072 72 base base NNP 20467 2072 73 acutish acutish NN 20467 2072 74 , , , 20467 2072 75 inequilateral inequilateral JJ 20467 2072 76 , , , 20467 2072 77 3-nerved 3-nerved CD 20467 2072 78 , , , 20467 2072 79 entire entire JJ 20467 2072 80 ; ; : 20467 2072 81 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2072 82 slender slender NN 20467 2072 83 ; ; : 20467 2072 84 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2072 85 lanceolate lanceolate NNP 20467 2072 86 , , , 20467 2072 87 soon soon RB 20467 2072 88 falling fall VBG 20467 2072 89 . . . 20467 2073 1 = = NFP 20467 2073 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 2073 3 . . . 20467 2074 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2074 2 with with IN 20467 2074 3 the the DT 20467 2074 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2074 5 from from IN 20467 2074 6 the the DT 20467 2074 7 axils axil NNS 20467 2074 8 of of IN 20467 2074 9 the the DT 20467 2074 10 season season NN 20467 2074 11 's 's POS 20467 2074 12 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2074 13 , , , 20467 2074 14 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2074 15 and and CC 20467 2074 16 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2074 17 flowers flower NNS 20467 2074 18 usually usually RB 20467 2074 19 separate separate VBP 20467 2074 20 on on IN 20467 2074 21 the the DT 20467 2074 22 same same JJ 20467 2074 23 tree tree NN 20467 2074 24 ; ; : 20467 2074 25 flowers flower NNS 20467 2074 26 slender slender NN 20467 2074 27 - - HYPH 20467 2074 28 stemmed stem VBD 20467 2074 29 , , , 20467 2074 30 the the DT 20467 2074 31 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2074 32 in in IN 20467 2074 33 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2074 34 at at IN 20467 2074 35 the the DT 20467 2074 36 base base NN 20467 2074 37 of of IN 20467 2074 38 the the DT 20467 2074 39 shoot shoot NN 20467 2074 40 , , , 20467 2074 41 the the DT 20467 2074 42 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2074 43 in in IN 20467 2074 44 the the DT 20467 2074 45 axils axil NNS 20467 2074 46 above above RB 20467 2074 47 , , , 20467 2074 48 usually usually RB 20467 2074 49 solitary solitary JJ 20467 2074 50 ; ; : 20467 2074 51 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2074 52 greenish greenish NNP 20467 2074 53 , , , 20467 2074 54 segments segment NNS 20467 2074 55 oblong oblong RB 20467 2074 56 ; ; : 20467 2074 57 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2074 58 4 4 CD 20467 2074 59 - - SYM 20467 2074 60 6 6 CD 20467 2074 61 , , , 20467 2074 62 in in IN 20467 2074 63 the the DT 20467 2074 64 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2074 65 flowers flower NNS 20467 2074 66 about about IN 20467 2074 67 the the DT 20467 2074 68 length length NN 20467 2074 69 of of IN 20467 2074 70 the the DT 20467 2074 71 4 4 CD 20467 2074 72 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2074 73 , , , 20467 2074 74 in in IN 20467 2074 75 the the DT 20467 2074 76 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2074 77 exserted exserted JJ 20467 2074 78 ; ; : 20467 2074 79 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2074 80 with with IN 20467 2074 81 two two CD 20467 2074 82 long long JJ 20467 2074 83 , , , 20467 2074 84 recurved recurved JJ 20467 2074 85 stigmas stigma NNS 20467 2074 86 . . . 20467 2075 1 = = NFP 20467 2075 2 Fruit.=--Drupes fruit.=--drupe NNS 20467 2075 3 , , , 20467 2075 4 on on IN 20467 2075 5 long long JJ 20467 2075 6 slender slender NN 20467 2075 7 stems stem NNS 20467 2075 8 , , , 20467 2075 9 globular globular JJ 20467 2075 10 , , , 20467 2075 11 about about IN 20467 2075 12 the the DT 20467 2075 13 size size NN 20467 2075 14 of of IN 20467 2075 15 the the DT 20467 2075 16 fruit fruit NN 20467 2075 17 of of IN 20467 2075 18 the the DT 20467 2075 19 wild wild JJ 20467 2075 20 red red JJ 20467 2075 21 cherry cherry NN 20467 2075 22 , , , 20467 2075 23 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2075 24 - - HYPH 20467 2075 25 red red JJ 20467 2075 26 when when WRB 20467 2075 27 ripe ripe JJ 20467 2075 28 , , , 20467 2075 29 thin thin JJ 20467 2075 30 - - HYPH 20467 2075 31 meated meated JJ 20467 2075 32 , , , 20467 2075 33 edible edible JJ 20467 2075 34 , , , 20467 2075 35 lasting last VBG 20467 2075 36 through through IN 20467 2075 37 the the DT 20467 2075 38 winter winter NN 20467 2075 39 . . . 20467 2076 1 = = NFP 20467 2076 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2076 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2076 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2076 5 New New NNP 20467 2076 6 England England NNP 20467 2076 7 ; ; : 20467 2076 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 2076 9 in in IN 20467 2076 10 all all DT 20467 2076 11 well well RB 20467 2076 12 - - HYPH 20467 2076 13 drained drain VBN 20467 2076 14 soils soil NNS 20467 2076 15 , , , 20467 2076 16 but but CC 20467 2076 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2076 18 a a DT 20467 2076 19 deep deep JJ 20467 2076 20 , , , 20467 2076 21 rich rich JJ 20467 2076 22 , , , 20467 2076 23 moist moist JJ 20467 2076 24 loam loam NN 20467 2076 25 . . . 20467 2077 1 Young young JJ 20467 2077 2 trees tree NNS 20467 2077 3 grow grow VBP 20467 2077 4 rather rather RB 20467 2077 5 slowly slowly RB 20467 2077 6 and and CC 20467 2077 7 are be VBP 20467 2077 8 more more RBR 20467 2077 9 or or CC 20467 2077 10 less less RBR 20467 2077 11 distorted distorted JJ 20467 2077 12 , , , 20467 2077 13 and and CC 20467 2077 14 trees tree NNS 20467 2077 15 of of IN 20467 2077 16 the the DT 20467 2077 17 same same JJ 20467 2077 18 age age NN 20467 2077 19 often often RB 20467 2077 20 vary vary VBP 20467 2077 21 considerably considerably RB 20467 2077 22 in in IN 20467 2077 23 size size NN 20467 2077 24 and and CC 20467 2077 25 habit habit NN 20467 2077 26 ; ; : 20467 2077 27 hence hence RB 20467 2077 28 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2077 29 is be VBZ 20467 2077 30 not not RB 20467 2077 31 a a DT 20467 2077 32 desirable desirable JJ 20467 2077 33 street street NN 20467 2077 34 tree tree NN 20467 2077 35 , , , 20467 2077 36 but but CC 20467 2077 37 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2077 38 appears appear VBZ 20467 2077 39 well well RB 20467 2077 40 in in IN 20467 2077 41 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2077 42 grounds ground NNS 20467 2077 43 . . . 20467 2078 1 A a DT 20467 2078 2 disease disease NN 20467 2078 3 which which WDT 20467 2078 4 seriously seriously RB 20467 2078 5 disfigures disfigure VBZ 20467 2078 6 the the DT 20467 2078 7 tree tree NN 20467 2078 8 is be VBZ 20467 2078 9 extending extend VBG 20467 2078 10 to to IN 20467 2078 11 New New NNP 20467 2078 12 England England NNP 20467 2078 13 , , , 20467 2078 14 and and CC 20467 2078 15 the the DT 20467 2078 16 leaves leave NNS 20467 2078 17 are be VBP 20467 2078 18 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2078 19 attacked attack VBN 20467 2078 20 by by IN 20467 2078 21 insects insect NNS 20467 2078 22 . . . 20467 2079 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2079 2 offered offer VBN 20467 2079 3 by by IN 20467 2079 4 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 2079 5 and and CC 20467 2079 6 easily easily RB 20467 2079 7 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 2079 8 . . . 20467 2080 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2080 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2080 3 : : : 20467 2080 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2080 5 LI.--Celtis LI.--Celtis NNP 20467 2080 6 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 2080 7 . . . 20467 2080 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2081 1 1 1 LS 20467 2081 2 . . . 20467 2082 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2082 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2082 3 . . . 20467 2083 1 2 2 LS 20467 2083 2 . . . 20467 2084 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2084 2 branch branch NN 20467 2084 3 . . . 20467 2085 1 3 3 LS 20467 2085 2 . . . 20467 2086 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2086 2 flower flower NN 20467 2086 3 . . . 20467 2087 1 4 4 LS 20467 2087 2 . . . 20467 2088 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2088 2 flower flower NN 20467 2088 3 . . . 20467 2089 1 5 5 CD 20467 2089 2 . . . 20467 2090 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2090 2 branch branch NN 20467 2090 3 . . . 20467 2091 1 MORACEÆ MORACEÆ NNS 20467 2091 2 . . . 20467 2092 1 MULBERRY MULBERRY NNP 20467 2092 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2092 3 . . . 20467 2093 1 = = NFP 20467 2093 2 Morus Morus NNP 20467 2093 3 rubra rubra NNP 20467 2093 4 , , , 20467 2093 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2093 6 MULBERRY MULBERRY NNP 20467 2093 7 . . . 20467 2094 1 = = NFP 20467 2094 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2094 3 and and CC 20467 2094 4 Range.=--Banks range.=--bank NNS 20467 2094 5 of of IN 20467 2094 6 rivers river NNS 20467 2094 7 , , , 20467 2094 8 rich rich JJ 20467 2094 9 woods wood NNS 20467 2094 10 . . . 20467 2095 1 Canadian canadian JJ 20467 2095 2 shore shore NN 20467 2095 3 of of IN 20467 2095 4 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2095 5 Erie Erie NNP 20467 2095 6 . . . 20467 2096 1 A a DT 20467 2096 2 rare rare JJ 20467 2096 3 tree tree NN 20467 2096 4 in in IN 20467 2096 5 New New NNP 20467 2096 6 England England NNP 20467 2096 7 . . . 20467 2097 1 Maine,--doubtfully maine,--doubtfully RB 20467 2097 2 reported report VBN 20467 2097 3 ; ; : 20467 2097 4 New New NNP 20467 2097 5 Hampshire,--Pemigewasset Hampshire,--Pemigewasset NNP 20467 2097 6 valley valley NN 20467 2097 7 , , , 20467 2097 8 White white JJ 20467 2097 9 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2097 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2097 11 Matthews Matthews NNP 20467 2097 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2097 13 ; ; : 20467 2097 14 Vermont,--northern vermont,--northern JJ 20467 2097 15 extremity extremity NN 20467 2097 16 of of IN 20467 2097 17 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2097 18 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 2097 19 , , , 20467 2097 20 banks bank NNS 20467 2097 21 of of IN 20467 2097 22 the the DT 20467 2097 23 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2097 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2097 25 Flagg Flagg NNP 20467 2097 26 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2097 27 , , , 20467 2097 28 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 2097 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2097 30 Oakes Oakes NNP 20467 2097 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2097 32 , , , 20467 2097 33 North North NNP 20467 2097 34 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 2097 35 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2097 36 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 2097 37 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2097 38 ; ; : 20467 2097 39 Massachusetts,--rare massachusetts,--rare NN 20467 2097 40 ; ; : 20467 2097 41 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2097 42 Island,--no island,--no NN 20467 2097 43 station station NN 20467 2097 44 reported report VBD 20467 2097 45 ; ; : 20467 2097 46 Connecticut,--rare Connecticut,--rare NNP 20467 2097 47 ; ; : 20467 2097 48 Bristol Bristol NNP 20467 2097 49 , , , 20467 2097 50 Plainville Plainville NNP 20467 2097 51 , , , 20467 2097 52 North North NNP 20467 2097 53 Guilford Guilford NNP 20467 2097 54 , , , 20467 2097 55 East East NNP 20467 2097 56 Rock Rock NNP 20467 2097 57 and and CC 20467 2097 58 Norwich Norwich NNP 20467 2097 59 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2097 60 J. J. NNP 20467 2097 61 N. N. NNP 20467 2097 62 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 2097 63 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2097 64 . . . 20467 2098 1 South south RB 20467 2098 2 to to IN 20467 2098 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2098 4 ; ; : 20467 2098 5 west west NN 20467 2098 6 to to IN 20467 2098 7 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 2098 8 , , , 20467 2098 9 South South NNP 20467 2098 10 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 2098 11 , , , 20467 2098 12 and and CC 20467 2098 13 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2098 14 . . . 20467 2099 1 = = NFP 20467 2099 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2099 3 small small JJ 20467 2099 4 tree tree NN 20467 2099 5 , , , 20467 2099 6 15 15 CD 20467 2099 7 - - SYM 20467 2099 8 25 25 CD 20467 2099 9 feet foot NNS 20467 2099 10 in in IN 20467 2099 11 height height NN 20467 2099 12 , , , 20467 2099 13 with with IN 20467 2099 14 a a DT 20467 2099 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 2099 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 2099 17 of of IN 20467 2099 18 8 8 CD 20467 2099 19 - - SYM 20467 2099 20 15 15 CD 20467 2099 21 inches inch NNS 20467 2099 22 ; ; , 20467 2099 23 attaining attain VBG 20467 2099 24 much much RB 20467 2099 25 greater great JJR 20467 2099 26 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 2099 27 in in IN 20467 2099 28 the the DT 20467 2099 29 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2099 30 and and CC 20467 2099 31 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 2099 32 basins basin NNS 20467 2099 33 ; ; : 20467 2099 34 a a DT 20467 2099 35 wide wide RB 20467 2099 36 - - HYPH 20467 2099 37 branching branch VBG 20467 2099 38 , , , 20467 2099 39 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2099 40 tree tree NN 20467 2099 41 , , , 20467 2099 42 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2099 43 by by IN 20467 2099 44 a a DT 20467 2099 45 milky milky JJ 20467 2099 46 sap sap NN 20467 2099 47 , , , 20467 2099 48 rather rather RB 20467 2099 49 dense dense JJ 20467 2099 50 foliage foliage NN 20467 2099 51 , , , 20467 2099 52 and and CC 20467 2099 53 fruit fruit NN 20467 2099 54 closely closely RB 20467 2099 55 resembling resemble VBG 20467 2099 56 in in IN 20467 2099 57 shape shape NN 20467 2099 58 that that DT 20467 2099 59 of of IN 20467 2099 60 the the DT 20467 2099 61 high high JJ 20467 2099 62 blackberry blackberry NN 20467 2099 63 . . . 20467 2100 1 = = NFP 20467 2100 2 Bark.=--Trunk Bark.=--Trunk NNP 20467 2100 3 light light NN 20467 2100 4 brown brown JJ 20467 2100 5 , , , 20467 2100 6 rough rough JJ 20467 2100 7 , , , 20467 2100 8 and and CC 20467 2100 9 more more RBR 20467 2100 10 or or CC 20467 2100 11 less less RBR 20467 2100 12 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 2100 13 according accord VBG 20467 2100 14 to to IN 20467 2100 15 age age NN 20467 2100 16 ; ; : 20467 2100 17 larger large JJR 20467 2100 18 branches branch NNS 20467 2100 19 light light VBP 20467 2100 20 greenish greenish NN 20467 2100 21 - - HYPH 20467 2100 22 brown brown JJ 20467 2100 23 ; ; : 20467 2100 24 season season NN 20467 2100 25 's 's POS 20467 2100 26 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2100 27 gray gray JJ 20467 2100 28 and and CC 20467 2100 29 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2100 30 downy downy JJ 20467 2100 31 . . . 20467 2101 1 = = NFP 20467 2101 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2101 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2101 4 and and CC 20467 2101 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2101 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2101 7 , , , 20467 2101 8 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 2101 9 . . . 20467 2102 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2102 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2102 3 , , , 20467 2102 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2102 5 , , , 20467 2102 6 4 4 CD 20467 2102 7 - - SYM 20467 2102 8 8 8 CD 20467 2102 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2102 10 long long JJ 20467 2102 11 , , , 20467 2102 12 two two CD 20467 2102 13 - - HYPH 20467 2102 14 thirds third NNS 20467 2102 15 as as IN 20467 2102 16 wide wide JJ 20467 2102 17 , , , 20467 2102 18 rough rough JJ 20467 2102 19 above above RB 20467 2102 20 , , , 20467 2102 21 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2102 22 - - HYPH 20467 2102 23 green green JJ 20467 2102 24 and and CC 20467 2102 25 densely densely RB 20467 2102 26 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2102 27 when when WRB 20467 2102 28 young young JJ 20467 2102 29 ; ; : 20467 2102 30 at at IN 20467 2102 31 maturity maturity NN 20467 2102 32 dark dark JJ 20467 2102 33 green green JJ 20467 2102 34 and and CC 20467 2102 35 downy downy JJ 20467 2102 36 beneath beneath RB 20467 2102 37 , , , 20467 2102 38 turning turn VBG 20467 2102 39 yellow yellow NN 20467 2102 40 in in IN 20467 2102 41 autumn autumn NN 20467 2102 42 ; ; : 20467 2102 43 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2102 44 reticulated reticulate VBN 20467 2102 45 ; ; : 20467 2102 46 outline outline NN 20467 2102 47 variable variable NN 20467 2102 48 , , , 20467 2102 49 ovate ovate NN 20467 2102 50 , , , 20467 2102 51 obovate obovate VB 20467 2102 52 , , , 20467 2102 53 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2102 54 or or CC 20467 2102 55 broadly broadly RB 20467 2102 56 oval oval JJ 20467 2102 57 , , , 20467 2102 58 serrate serrate NN 20467 2102 59 - - HYPH 20467 2102 60 dentate dentate NN 20467 2102 61 with with IN 20467 2102 62 equal equal JJ 20467 2102 63 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2102 64 , , , 20467 2102 65 or or CC 20467 2102 66 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 2102 67 3 3 CD 20467 2102 68 - - SYM 20467 2102 69 7-lobed 7-lobed CD 20467 2102 70 ; ; : 20467 2102 71 apex apex NNP 20467 2102 72 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2102 73 ; ; : 20467 2102 74 base base NN 20467 2102 75 heart heart NN 20467 2102 76 - - HYPH 20467 2102 77 shaped shape VBN 20467 2102 78 to to TO 20467 2102 79 truncate truncate VB 20467 2102 80 ; ; : 20467 2102 81 stalk stalk NN 20467 2102 82 1 1 CD 20467 2102 83 - - HYPH 20467 2102 84 2 2 CD 20467 2102 85 inches inch NNS 20467 2102 86 long long JJ 20467 2102 87 ; ; : 20467 2102 88 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2102 89 linear linear NNP 20467 2102 90 , , , 20467 2102 91 serrate serrate NNP 20467 2102 92 , , , 20467 2102 93 soon soon RB 20467 2102 94 falling fall VBG 20467 2102 95 . . . 20467 2103 1 = = NFP 20467 2103 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 2103 3 . . . 20467 2104 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2104 2 with with IN 20467 2104 3 the the DT 20467 2104 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2104 5 from from IN 20467 2104 6 the the DT 20467 2104 7 season season NN 20467 2104 8 's 's POS 20467 2104 9 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2104 10 , , , 20467 2104 11 in in IN 20467 2104 12 axillary axillary JJ 20467 2104 13 spikes spike NNS 20467 2104 14 , , , 20467 2104 15 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2104 16 and and CC 20467 2104 17 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2104 18 flowers flower NNS 20467 2104 19 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2104 20 on on IN 20467 2104 21 the the DT 20467 2104 22 same same JJ 20467 2104 23 tree tree NN 20467 2104 24 , , , 20467 2104 25 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2104 26 on on IN 20467 2104 27 different different JJ 20467 2104 28 trees,--sterile trees,--sterile NNP 20467 2104 29 flowers flower NNS 20467 2104 30 in in IN 20467 2104 31 spreading spread VBG 20467 2104 32 or or CC 20467 2104 33 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 2104 34 spikes spike NNS 20467 2104 35 , , , 20467 2104 36 about about RB 20467 2104 37 1 1 CD 20467 2104 38 inch inch NN 20467 2104 39 long long JJ 20467 2104 40 ; ; : 20467 2104 41 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2104 42 4-parted 4-parted CD 20467 2104 43 ; ; : 20467 2104 44 petals petal NNS 20467 2104 45 none none NN 20467 2104 46 ; ; : 20467 2104 47 stamens stamens NNP 20467 2104 48 4 4 CD 20467 2104 49 , , , 20467 2104 50 the the DT 20467 2104 51 inflexed inflexed JJ 20467 2104 52 filaments filament NNS 20467 2104 53 of of IN 20467 2104 54 which which WDT 20467 2104 55 suddenly suddenly RB 20467 2104 56 straighten straighten VBP 20467 2104 57 themselves -PRON- PRP 20467 2104 58 as as IN 20467 2104 59 the the DT 20467 2104 60 flower flower NN 20467 2104 61 expands expand VBZ 20467 2104 62 : : : 20467 2104 63 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2104 64 spikes spike NNS 20467 2104 65 spreading spread VBG 20467 2104 66 or or CC 20467 2104 67 pendent pendent NN 20467 2104 68 ; ; : 20467 2104 69 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2104 70 4-parted 4-parted NNP 20467 2104 71 , , , 20467 2104 72 becoming become VBG 20467 2104 73 fleshy fleshy NN 20467 2104 74 in in IN 20467 2104 75 fruit fruit NN 20467 2104 76 ; ; , 20467 2104 77 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2104 78 sessile sessile NN 20467 2104 79 ; ; : 20467 2104 80 stigmas stigmas NNP 20467 2104 81 2 2 CD 20467 2104 82 , , , 20467 2104 83 spreading spread VBG 20467 2104 84 . . . 20467 2105 1 = = NFP 20467 2105 2 Fruit.=--July Fruit.=--July NNP 20467 2105 3 to to IN 20467 2105 4 August August NNP 20467 2105 5 . . . 20467 2106 1 In in IN 20467 2106 2 drooping droop VBG 20467 2106 3 spikes spike NNS 20467 2106 4 about about RB 20467 2106 5 1 1 CD 20467 2106 6 inch inch NN 20467 2106 7 long long JJ 20467 2106 8 and and CC 20467 2106 9 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2106 10 inch inch NN 20467 2106 11 in in IN 20467 2106 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 2106 13 ; ; , 20467 2106 14 dark dark JJ 20467 2106 15 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2106 16 - - HYPH 20467 2106 17 red red JJ 20467 2106 18 , , , 20467 2106 19 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2106 20 , , , 20467 2106 21 sweet sweet JJ 20467 2106 22 and and CC 20467 2106 23 edible edible JJ 20467 2106 24 ; ; : 20467 2106 25 apparently apparently RB 20467 2106 26 a a DT 20467 2106 27 simple simple JJ 20467 2106 28 fruit fruit NN 20467 2106 29 but but CC 20467 2106 30 really really RB 20467 2106 31 made make VBD 20467 2106 32 up up RP 20467 2106 33 of of IN 20467 2106 34 the the DT 20467 2106 35 thickened thicken VBN 20467 2106 36 calyx calyx NN 20467 2106 37 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2106 38 of of IN 20467 2106 39 the the DT 20467 2106 40 spike spike NN 20467 2106 41 . . . 20467 2107 1 = = NFP 20467 2107 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2107 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2107 4 in in IN 20467 2107 5 southern southern JJ 20467 2107 6 New New NNP 20467 2107 7 England England NNP 20467 2107 8 ; ; : 20467 2107 9 grows grow VBZ 20467 2107 10 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 2107 11 in in IN 20467 2107 12 a a DT 20467 2107 13 good good JJ 20467 2107 14 , , , 20467 2107 15 moist moist JJ 20467 2107 16 soil soil NN 20467 2107 17 in in IN 20467 2107 18 sun sun NN 20467 2107 19 or or CC 20467 2107 20 shade shade NN 20467 2107 21 ; ; : 20467 2107 22 the the DT 20467 2107 23 large large JJ 20467 2107 24 leaves leave NNS 20467 2107 25 start start VBP 20467 2107 26 late late JJ 20467 2107 27 and and CC 20467 2107 28 drop drop VB 20467 2107 29 early early RB 20467 2107 30 ; ; : 20467 2107 31 useful useful JJ 20467 2107 32 where where WRB 20467 2107 33 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2107 34 is be VBZ 20467 2107 35 hardy hardy JJ 20467 2107 36 , , , 20467 2107 37 in in IN 20467 2107 38 low low JJ 20467 2107 39 tree tree NN 20467 2107 40 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2107 41 or or CC 20467 2107 42 as as IN 20467 2107 43 an an DT 20467 2107 44 undergrowth undergrowth NN 20467 2107 45 in in IN 20467 2107 46 woods wood NNS 20467 2107 47 ; ; : 20467 2107 48 readily readily RB 20467 2107 49 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 2107 50 , , , 20467 2107 51 but but CC 20467 2107 52 seldom seldom RB 20467 2107 53 offered offer VBD 20467 2107 54 for for IN 20467 2107 55 sale sale NN 20467 2107 56 by by IN 20467 2107 57 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 2107 58 or or CC 20467 2107 59 collectors collector NNS 20467 2107 60 ; ; , 20467 2107 61 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2107 62 from from IN 20467 2107 63 seed seed NN 20467 2107 64 . . . 20467 2108 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2108 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2108 3 : : : 20467 2108 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2108 5 LII.--Morus LII.--Morus NNP 20467 2108 6 rubra rubra NNP 20467 2108 7 . . . 20467 2108 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2109 1 1 1 LS 20467 2109 2 . . . 20467 2110 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2110 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2110 3 . . . 20467 2111 1 2 2 LS 20467 2111 2 . . . 20467 2112 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2112 2 with with IN 20467 2112 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2112 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2112 5 . . . 20467 2113 1 3 3 LS 20467 2113 2 . . . 20467 2114 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2114 2 flower flower NN 20467 2114 3 with with IN 20467 2114 4 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2114 5 incurved incurve VBN 20467 2114 6 . . . 20467 2115 1 4 4 LS 20467 2115 2 . . . 20467 2116 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2116 2 flower flower NN 20467 2116 3 expanded expand VBD 20467 2116 4 . . . 20467 2117 1 5 5 CD 20467 2117 2 . . . 20467 2118 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2118 2 with with IN 20467 2118 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2118 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2118 5 . . . 20467 2119 1 6 6 CD 20467 2119 2 . . . 20467 2120 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2120 2 flower flower NN 20467 2120 3 , , , 20467 2120 4 side side NN 20467 2120 5 view view NN 20467 2120 6 . . . 20467 2121 1 7 7 LS 20467 2121 2 . . . 20467 2122 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2122 2 branch branch NN 20467 2122 3 . . . 20467 2123 1 = = NFP 20467 2123 2 Morus Morus NNP 20467 2123 3 alba alba VBZ 20467 2123 4 , , , 20467 2123 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2123 6 Probably probably RB 20467 2123 7 a a DT 20467 2123 8 native native NN 20467 2123 9 of of IN 20467 2123 10 China China NNP 20467 2123 11 , , , 20467 2123 12 where where WRB 20467 2123 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2123 14 leaves leave NNS 20467 2123 15 have have VBP 20467 2123 16 from from IN 20467 2123 17 time time NN 20467 2123 18 immemorial immemorial JJ 20467 2123 19 furnished furnish VBN 20467 2123 20 food food NN 20467 2123 21 for for IN 20467 2123 22 silkworms silkworm NNS 20467 2123 23 ; ; : 20467 2123 24 extensively extensively RB 20467 2123 25 introduced introduce VBN 20467 2123 26 and and CC 20467 2123 27 naturalized naturalize VBN 20467 2123 28 in in IN 20467 2123 29 India India NNP 20467 2123 30 and and CC 20467 2123 31 central central JJ 20467 2123 32 and and CC 20467 2123 33 southern southern JJ 20467 2123 34 Europe Europe NNP 20467 2123 35 ; ; : 20467 2123 36 introduced introduce VBN 20467 2123 37 likewise likewise RB 20467 2123 38 into into IN 20467 2123 39 the the DT 20467 2123 40 United United NNP 20467 2123 41 States States NNP 20467 2123 42 and and CC 20467 2123 43 Canada Canada NNP 20467 2123 44 from from IN 20467 2123 45 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2123 46 to to IN 20467 2123 47 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2123 48 ; ; : 20467 2123 49 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2123 50 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 2123 51 near near IN 20467 2123 52 dwellings dwelling NNS 20467 2123 53 , , , 20467 2123 54 old old JJ 20467 2123 55 trees tree NNS 20467 2123 56 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2123 57 marking mark VBG 20467 2123 58 the the DT 20467 2123 59 sites site NNS 20467 2123 60 of of IN 20467 2123 61 houses house NNS 20467 2123 62 that that WDT 20467 2123 63 have have VBP 20467 2123 64 long long RB 20467 2123 65 since since IN 20467 2123 66 disappeared disappear VBN 20467 2123 67 . . . 20467 2124 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2124 2 may may MD 20467 2124 3 be be VB 20467 2124 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2124 5 from from IN 20467 2124 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2124 7 M. M. NNP 20467 2125 1 rubra rubra NNP 20467 2125 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2125 3 by by IN 20467 2125 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2125 5 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2125 6 , , , 20467 2125 7 shining shine VBG 20467 2125 8 leaves leave NNS 20467 2125 9 , , , 20467 2125 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2125 11 whitish whitish NN 20467 2125 12 or or CC 20467 2125 13 pinkish pinkish JJ 20467 2125 14 fruit fruit NN 20467 2125 15 , , , 20467 2125 16 and and CC 20467 2125 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2125 18 greater great JJR 20467 2125 19 susceptibility susceptibility NN 20467 2125 20 to to TO 20467 2125 21 frost frost VB 20467 2125 22 . . . 20467 2126 1 MAGNOLIACEÆ MAGNOLIACEÆ NNP 20467 2126 2 . . . 20467 2127 1 MAGNOLIA MAGNOLIA NNP 20467 2127 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2127 3 . . . 20467 2128 1 = = NFP 20467 2128 2 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 2128 3 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 2128 4 , , , 20467 2128 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 2128 6 TULIP tulip NN 20467 2128 7 TREE tree NN 20467 2128 8 . . . 20467 2129 1 WHITEWOOD whitewood NN 20467 2129 2 . . . 20467 2130 1 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 20467 2130 2 . . . 20467 2131 1 = = NFP 20467 2131 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2131 3 and and CC 20467 2131 4 Range.=--Prefers range.=--prefer NNS 20467 2131 5 a a DT 20467 2131 6 rich rich JJ 20467 2131 7 , , , 20467 2131 8 loamy loamy JJ 20467 2131 9 , , , 20467 2131 10 moist moist JJ 20467 2131 11 soil soil NN 20467 2131 12 . . . 20467 2132 1 Vermont,--valley Vermont,--valley NNP 20467 2132 2 of of IN 20467 2132 3 the the DT 20467 2132 4 Hoosac Hoosac NNP 20467 2132 5 river river NN 20467 2132 6 in in IN 20467 2132 7 the the DT 20467 2132 8 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 2132 9 corner corner NN 20467 2132 10 of of IN 20467 2132 11 the the DT 20467 2132 12 state state NN 20467 2132 13 ; ; : 20467 2132 14 Massachusetts,--frequent Massachusetts,--frequent NNP 20467 2132 15 in in IN 20467 2132 16 the the DT 20467 2132 17 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2132 18 river river NNP 20467 2132 19 valley valley NNP 20467 2132 20 and and CC 20467 2132 21 westward westward RB 20467 2132 22 ; ; , 20467 2132 23 reported report VBN 20467 2132 24 as as IN 20467 2132 25 far far RB 20467 2132 26 east east RB 20467 2132 27 as as IN 20467 2132 28 Douglas Douglas NNP 20467 2132 29 , , , 20467 2132 30 southeastern southeastern JJ 20467 2132 31 corner corner NN 20467 2132 32 of of IN 20467 2132 33 Worcester Worcester NNP 20467 2132 34 county county NN 20467 2132 35 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2132 36 R. R. NNP 20467 2132 37 M. M. NNP 20467 2132 38 Harper Harper NNP 20467 2132 39 , , , 20467 2132 40 _ _ NNP 20467 2132 41 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 2132 42 _ _ NNP 20467 2132 43 , , , 20467 2132 44 II II NNP 20467 2132 45 , , , 20467 2132 46 122 122 CD 20467 2132 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2132 48 ; ; : 20467 2132 49 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2132 50 Island Island NNP 20467 2132 51 and and CC 20467 2132 52 Connecticut,--frequent Connecticut,--frequent NNP 20467 2132 53 , , , 20467 2132 54 especially especially RB 20467 2132 55 in in IN 20467 2132 56 the the DT 20467 2132 57 central central JJ 20467 2132 58 and and CC 20467 2132 59 southern southern JJ 20467 2132 60 portions portion NNS 20467 2132 61 of of IN 20467 2132 62 the the DT 20467 2132 63 latter latter JJ 20467 2132 64 state state NN 20467 2132 65 . . . 20467 2133 1 South south RB 20467 2133 2 to to IN 20467 2133 3 the the DT 20467 2133 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 2133 5 states state NNS 20467 2133 6 ; ; : 20467 2133 7 west west NN 20467 2133 8 to to IN 20467 2133 9 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 20467 2133 10 ; ; : 20467 2133 11 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2133 12 in in IN 20467 2133 13 the the DT 20467 2133 14 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2133 15 sections section NNS 20467 2133 16 of of IN 20467 2133 17 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2133 18 and and CC 20467 2133 19 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 2133 20 ; ; : 20467 2133 21 attains attain VBZ 20467 2133 22 great great JJ 20467 2133 23 size size NN 20467 2133 24 in in IN 20467 2133 25 the the DT 20467 2133 26 basins basin NNS 20467 2133 27 of of IN 20467 2133 28 the the DT 20467 2133 29 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2133 30 and and CC 20467 2133 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2133 32 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 2133 33 , , , 20467 2133 34 and and CC 20467 2133 35 southward southward VB 20467 2133 36 along along IN 20467 2133 37 the the DT 20467 2133 38 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 2133 39 river river NN 20467 2133 40 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 2133 41 . . . 20467 2134 1 = = NFP 20467 2134 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 2134 3 medium medium JJ 20467 2134 4 - - HYPH 20467 2134 5 sized sized JJ 20467 2134 6 tree tree NN 20467 2134 7 , , , 20467 2134 8 50 50 CD 20467 2134 9 - - SYM 20467 2134 10 70 70 CD 20467 2134 11 feet foot NNS 20467 2134 12 high high JJ 20467 2134 13 ; ; : 20467 2134 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 2134 15 2 2 CD 20467 2134 16 - - SYM 20467 2134 17 3 3 CD 20467 2134 18 feet foot NNS 20467 2134 19 in in IN 20467 2134 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 2134 21 , , , 20467 2134 22 straight straight JJ 20467 2134 23 , , , 20467 2134 24 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 2134 25 ; ; : 20467 2134 26 head head NN 20467 2134 27 rather rather RB 20467 2134 28 open open JJ 20467 2134 29 , , , 20467 2134 30 more more RBR 20467 2134 31 or or CC 20467 2134 32 less less JJR 20467 2134 33 cone cone NN 20467 2134 34 - - HYPH 20467 2134 35 shaped shape VBN 20467 2134 36 , , , 20467 2134 37 in in IN 20467 2134 38 the the DT 20467 2134 39 dense dense JJ 20467 2134 40 forest forest NN 20467 2134 41 lifted lift VBD 20467 2134 42 high high JJ 20467 2134 43 and and CC 20467 2134 44 spreading spread VBG 20467 2134 45 ; ; : 20467 2134 46 branches branch NNS 20467 2134 47 small small JJ 20467 2134 48 for for IN 20467 2134 49 the the DT 20467 2134 50 size size NN 20467 2134 51 of of IN 20467 2134 52 the the DT 20467 2134 53 tree tree NN 20467 2134 54 , , , 20467 2134 55 set set VBN 20467 2134 56 at at IN 20467 2134 57 varying vary VBG 20467 2134 58 angles angle NNS 20467 2134 59 , , , 20467 2134 60 often often RB 20467 2134 61 decurrent decurrent NN 20467 2134 62 , , , 20467 2134 63 becoming become VBG 20467 2134 64 scraggly scraggly RB 20467 2134 65 with with IN 20467 2134 66 age age NN 20467 2134 67 . . . 20467 2135 1 The the DT 20467 2135 2 shapely shapely RB 20467 2135 3 trunk trunk NN 20467 2135 4 , , , 20467 2135 5 erect erect NN 20467 2135 6 , , , 20467 2135 7 showy showy JJ 20467 2135 8 blossoms blossom NNS 20467 2135 9 , , , 20467 2135 10 green green JJ 20467 2135 11 , , , 20467 2135 12 cone cone NN 20467 2135 13 - - HYPH 20467 2135 14 like like JJ 20467 2135 15 fruit fruit NN 20467 2135 16 , , , 20467 2135 17 and and CC 20467 2135 18 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2135 19 bright bright JJ 20467 2135 20 green green JJ 20467 2135 21 truncate truncate JJ 20467 2135 22 leaves leave NNS 20467 2135 23 give give VBP 20467 2135 24 the the DT 20467 2135 25 tulip tulip NN 20467 2135 26 tree tree NN 20467 2135 27 an an DT 20467 2135 28 air air NN 20467 2135 29 of of IN 20467 2135 30 peculiar peculiar JJ 20467 2135 31 distinction distinction NN 20467 2135 32 . . . 20467 2136 1 = = NFP 20467 2136 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2136 3 of of IN 20467 2136 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 2136 5 ashen ashen RB 20467 2136 6 - - HYPH 20467 2136 7 gray gray JJ 20467 2136 8 and and CC 20467 2136 9 smoothish smoothish JJ 20467 2136 10 in in IN 20467 2136 11 young young JJ 20467 2136 12 trees tree NNS 20467 2136 13 , , , 20467 2136 14 becoming become VBG 20467 2136 15 at at IN 20467 2136 16 length length NN 20467 2136 17 dark dark JJ 20467 2136 18 , , , 20467 2136 19 seamed seam VBN 20467 2136 20 , , , 20467 2136 21 and and CC 20467 2136 22 furrowed furrow VBD 20467 2136 23 ; ; : 20467 2136 24 the the DT 20467 2136 25 older old JJR 20467 2136 26 branches branch NNS 20467 2136 27 gray gray JJ 20467 2136 28 ; ; : 20467 2136 29 the the DT 20467 2136 30 season season NN 20467 2136 31 's 's POS 20467 2136 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2136 33 of of IN 20467 2136 34 a a DT 20467 2136 35 shining shine VBG 20467 2136 36 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 2136 37 , , , 20467 2136 38 with with IN 20467 2136 39 minute minute JJ 20467 2136 40 dots dot NNS 20467 2136 41 and and CC 20467 2136 42 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2136 43 leaf leaf NN 20467 2136 44 - - HYPH 20467 2136 45 scars scar NNS 20467 2136 46 ; ; : 20467 2136 47 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2136 48 or or CC 20467 2136 49 dusty dusty JJ 20467 2136 50 - - HYPH 20467 2136 51 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2136 52 ; ; : 20467 2136 53 bark bark NN 20467 2136 54 of of IN 20467 2136 55 roots root NNS 20467 2136 56 pale pale JJ 20467 2136 57 brown brown NNP 20467 2136 58 , , , 20467 2136 59 fleshy fleshy NNP 20467 2136 60 , , , 20467 2136 61 with with IN 20467 2136 62 an an DT 20467 2136 63 agreeable agreeable JJ 20467 2136 64 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 2136 65 smell smell NN 20467 2136 66 and and CC 20467 2136 67 pungent pungent JJ 20467 2136 68 taste taste NN 20467 2136 69 . . . 20467 2137 1 = = NFP 20467 2137 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2137 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2137 4 and and CC 20467 2137 5 Leaves.=--Terminal leaves.=--terminal JJ 20467 2137 6 buds bud NNS 20467 2137 7 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2137 8 - - SYM 20467 2137 9 1 1 CD 20467 2137 10 inch inch NN 20467 2137 11 long long JJ 20467 2137 12 ; ; : 20467 2137 13 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2137 14 - - HYPH 20467 2137 15 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2137 16 ; ; : 20467 2137 17 flattish flattish NN 20467 2137 18 ; ; , 20467 2137 19 covered cover VBN 20467 2137 20 by by IN 20467 2137 21 two two CD 20467 2137 22 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 2137 23 - - HYPH 20467 2137 24 brown brown JJ 20467 2137 25 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2137 26 scales scale NNS 20467 2137 27 , , , 20467 2137 28 which which WDT 20467 2137 29 persist persist VBP 20467 2137 30 as as IN 20467 2137 31 appendages appendage NNS 20467 2137 32 at at IN 20467 2137 33 the the DT 20467 2137 34 base base NN 20467 2137 35 of of IN 20467 2137 36 the the DT 20467 2137 37 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2137 38 , , , 20467 2137 39 often often RB 20467 2137 40 enclosing enclose VBG 20467 2137 41 several several JJ 20467 2137 42 leaves leave NNS 20467 2137 43 which which WDT 20467 2137 44 develop develop VBP 20467 2137 45 one one CD 20467 2137 46 after after IN 20467 2137 47 the the DT 20467 2137 48 other other JJ 20467 2137 49 . . . 20467 2138 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2138 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2138 3 , , , 20467 2138 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2138 5 , , , 20467 2138 6 lobed lobed JJ 20467 2138 7 ; ; : 20467 2138 8 3 3 CD 20467 2138 9 - - SYM 20467 2138 10 5 5 CD 20467 2138 11 inches inch NNS 20467 2138 12 long long JJ 20467 2138 13 and and CC 20467 2138 14 nearly nearly RB 20467 2138 15 as as RB 20467 2138 16 broad broad JJ 20467 2138 17 , , , 20467 2138 18 dark dark JJ 20467 2138 19 green green NN 20467 2138 20 and and CC 20467 2138 21 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2138 22 on on IN 20467 2138 23 the the DT 20467 2138 24 upper upper JJ 20467 2138 25 surface surface NN 20467 2138 26 , , , 20467 2138 27 lighter light JJR 20467 2138 28 , , , 20467 2138 29 with with IN 20467 2138 30 minute minute NN 20467 2138 31 dusty dusty JJ 20467 2138 32 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 2138 33 beneath beneath RB 20467 2138 34 , , , 20467 2138 35 becoming become VBG 20467 2138 36 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2138 37 and and CC 20467 2138 38 russet russet JJ 20467 2138 39 brown brown NNP 20467 2138 40 in in IN 20467 2138 41 autumn autumn NN 20467 2138 42 ; ; : 20467 2138 43 usually usually RB 20467 2138 44 with with IN 20467 2138 45 four four CD 20467 2138 46 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2138 47 or or CC 20467 2138 48 pointed point VBN 20467 2138 49 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2138 50 , , , 20467 2138 51 the the DT 20467 2138 52 two two CD 20467 2138 53 upper upper JJ 20467 2138 54 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 2138 55 cut cut VBD 20467 2138 56 off off RP 20467 2138 57 at at IN 20467 2138 58 the the DT 20467 2138 59 apex apex NN 20467 2138 60 , , , 20467 2138 61 and and CC 20467 2138 62 separated separate VBN 20467 2138 63 by by IN 20467 2138 64 a a DT 20467 2138 65 slight slight JJ 20467 2138 66 indentation indentation NN 20467 2138 67 or or CC 20467 2138 68 notch notch NN 20467 2138 69 more more RBR 20467 2138 70 or or CC 20467 2138 71 less less RBR 20467 2138 72 broad broad JJ 20467 2138 73 and and CC 20467 2138 74 shallow shallow JJ 20467 2138 75 at at IN 20467 2138 76 the the DT 20467 2138 77 top top NN 20467 2138 78 ; ; : 20467 2138 79 all all PDT 20467 2138 80 the the DT 20467 2138 81 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2138 82 entire entire JJ 20467 2138 83 , , , 20467 2138 84 or or CC 20467 2138 85 2 2 CD 20467 2138 86 - - SYM 20467 2138 87 3 3 CD 20467 2138 88 sublobed sublobed NN 20467 2138 89 , , , 20467 2138 90 or or CC 20467 2138 91 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 2138 92 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2138 93 ; ; : 20467 2138 94 base base NN 20467 2138 95 truncate truncate NN 20467 2138 96 , , , 20467 2138 97 acute acute JJ 20467 2138 98 or or CC 20467 2138 99 heart heart NN 20467 2138 100 - - HYPH 20467 2138 101 shaped shape VBN 20467 2138 102 ; ; : 20467 2138 103 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2138 104 as as RB 20467 2138 105 long long RB 20467 2138 106 or or CC 20467 2138 107 longer long JJR 20467 2138 108 than than IN 20467 2138 109 the the DT 20467 2138 110 blade blade NN 20467 2138 111 , , , 20467 2138 112 slender slender NN 20467 2138 113 , , , 20467 2138 114 enlarged enlarge VBN 20467 2138 115 at at IN 20467 2138 116 the the DT 20467 2138 117 base base NN 20467 2138 118 ; ; : 20467 2138 119 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2138 120 1 1 CD 20467 2138 121 - - SYM 20467 2138 122 2 2 CD 20467 2138 123 inches inch NNS 20467 2138 124 long long JJ 20467 2138 125 , , , 20467 2138 126 pale pale JJ 20467 2138 127 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2138 128 , , , 20467 2138 129 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2138 130 , , , 20467 2138 131 often often RB 20467 2138 132 persisting persist VBG 20467 2138 133 till till IN 20467 2138 134 the the DT 20467 2138 135 leaf leaf NN 20467 2138 136 is be VBZ 20467 2138 137 fully fully RB 20467 2138 138 developed develop VBN 20467 2138 139 . . . 20467 2139 1 = = NFP 20467 2139 2 Inflorescence.=--Late Inflorescence.=--Late NNP 20467 2139 3 May May NNP 20467 2139 4 or or CC 20467 2139 5 early early JJ 20467 2139 6 June June NNP 20467 2139 7 . . . 20467 2140 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 2140 2 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2140 3 , , , 20467 2140 4 solitary solitary JJ 20467 2140 5 , , , 20467 2140 6 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2140 7 , , , 20467 2140 8 held hold VBD 20467 2140 9 erect erect NN 20467 2140 10 by by IN 20467 2140 11 a a DT 20467 2140 12 stout stout JJ 20467 2140 13 stem stem NN 20467 2140 14 , , , 20467 2140 15 tulip tulip NN 20467 2140 16 - - HYPH 20467 2140 17 shaped shape VBN 20467 2140 18 , , , 20467 2140 19 1 1 CD 20467 2140 20 - - HYPH 20467 2140 21 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2140 22 - - HYPH 20467 2140 23 2 2 CD 20467 2140 24 inches inch NNS 20467 2140 25 long long JJ 20467 2140 26 , , , 20467 2140 27 opening open VBG 20467 2140 28 at at IN 20467 2140 29 the the DT 20467 2140 30 top top NN 20467 2140 31 about about RB 20467 2140 32 2 2 CD 20467 2140 33 inches inch NNS 20467 2140 34 . . . 20467 2141 1 There there EX 20467 2141 2 are be VBP 20467 2141 3 two two CD 20467 2141 4 triangular triangular JJ 20467 2141 5 bracts bract NNS 20467 2141 6 which which WDT 20467 2141 7 fall fall VBP 20467 2141 8 as as IN 20467 2141 9 the the DT 20467 2141 10 flower flower NN 20467 2141 11 opens open VBZ 20467 2141 12 ; ; : 20467 2141 13 three three CD 20467 2141 14 greenish greenish NNP 20467 2141 15 , , , 20467 2141 16 concave concave NNP 20467 2141 17 sepals sepal NNS 20467 2141 18 , , , 20467 2141 19 at at IN 20467 2141 20 length length NN 20467 2141 21 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 2141 22 ; ; : 20467 2141 23 six six CD 20467 2141 24 greenish greenish NN 20467 2141 25 - - HYPH 20467 2141 26 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2141 27 petals petal NNS 20467 2141 28 with with IN 20467 2141 29 an an DT 20467 2141 30 orange orange JJ 20467 2141 31 spot spot NN 20467 2141 32 near near IN 20467 2141 33 the the DT 20467 2141 34 base base NN 20467 2141 35 of of IN 20467 2141 36 each each DT 20467 2141 37 ; ; : 20467 2141 38 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2141 39 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2141 40 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2141 41 shorter short JJR 20467 2141 42 than than IN 20467 2141 43 the the DT 20467 2141 44 petals petal NNS 20467 2141 45 ; ; : 20467 2141 46 and and CC 20467 2141 47 pistils pistil NNS 20467 2141 48 clinging cling VBG 20467 2141 49 together together RB 20467 2141 50 about about IN 20467 2141 51 a a DT 20467 2141 52 central central JJ 20467 2141 53 axis axis NN 20467 2141 54 . . . 20467 2142 1 = = NFP 20467 2142 2 Fruit.=--Cone fruit.=--cone NN 20467 2142 3 - - HYPH 20467 2142 4 like like UH 20467 2142 5 , , , 20467 2142 6 formed form VBN 20467 2142 7 of of IN 20467 2142 8 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2142 9 carpels carpel NNS 20467 2142 10 , , , 20467 2142 11 often often RB 20467 2142 12 abortive abortive JJ 20467 2142 13 , , , 20467 2142 14 which which WDT 20467 2142 15 fall fall VBP 20467 2142 16 away away RB 20467 2142 17 from from IN 20467 2142 18 the the DT 20467 2142 19 axis axis NN 20467 2142 20 at at IN 20467 2142 21 maturity maturity NN 20467 2142 22 ; ; : 20467 2142 23 each each DT 20467 2142 24 long long JJ 20467 2142 25 , , , 20467 2142 26 flat flat JJ 20467 2142 27 carpel carpel NN 20467 2142 28 encloses enclose NNS 20467 2142 29 in in IN 20467 2142 30 the the DT 20467 2142 31 cavity cavity NN 20467 2142 32 at at IN 20467 2142 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2142 34 base base NN 20467 2142 35 one one CD 20467 2142 36 or or CC 20467 2142 37 two two CD 20467 2142 38 orange orange JJ 20467 2142 39 seeds seed NNS 20467 2142 40 which which WDT 20467 2142 41 hang hang VBP 20467 2142 42 out out RP 20467 2142 43 for for IN 20467 2142 44 a a DT 20467 2142 45 time time NN 20467 2142 46 on on IN 20467 2142 47 flexible flexible JJ 20467 2142 48 , , , 20467 2142 49 silk silk NN 20467 2142 50 - - HYPH 20467 2142 51 like like JJ 20467 2142 52 threads thread NNS 20467 2142 53 . . . 20467 2143 1 = = NFP 20467 2143 2 Horticultural Horticultural NNP 20467 2143 3 Value.=--An value.=--an NN 20467 2143 4 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2143 5 tree tree NN 20467 2143 6 of of IN 20467 2143 7 great great JJ 20467 2143 8 merit merit NN 20467 2143 9 ; ; , 20467 2143 10 hardy hardy JJ 20467 2143 11 except except IN 20467 2143 12 in in IN 20467 2143 13 the the DT 20467 2143 14 coldest cold JJS 20467 2143 15 parts part NNS 20467 2143 16 of of IN 20467 2143 17 New New NNP 20467 2143 18 England England NNP 20467 2143 19 ; ; : 20467 2143 20 difficult difficult JJ 20467 2143 21 to to TO 20467 2143 22 transplant transplant VB 20467 2143 23 , , , 20467 2143 24 but but CC 20467 2143 25 growing grow VBG 20467 2143 26 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 2143 27 when when WRB 20467 2143 28 established establish VBN 20467 2143 29 ; ; : 20467 2143 30 comes come VBZ 20467 2143 31 into into IN 20467 2143 32 leaf leaf NN 20467 2143 33 rather rather RB 20467 2143 34 early early RB 20467 2143 35 and and CC 20467 2143 36 holds hold VBZ 20467 2143 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2143 38 foliage foliage NN 20467 2143 39 till till IN 20467 2143 40 mid mid NN 20467 2143 41 - - NN 20467 2143 42 fall fall NN 20467 2143 43 , , , 20467 2143 44 shedding shed VBG 20467 2143 45 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2143 46 in in IN 20467 2143 47 a a DT 20467 2143 48 short short JJ 20467 2143 49 time time NN 20467 2143 50 when when WRB 20467 2143 51 mature mature JJ 20467 2143 52 ; ; : 20467 2143 53 adapts adapt VBZ 20467 2143 54 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 2143 55 readily readily RB 20467 2143 56 to to IN 20467 2143 57 good good JJ 20467 2143 58 , , , 20467 2143 59 light light JJ 20467 2143 60 soils soil NNS 20467 2143 61 , , , 20467 2143 62 but but CC 20467 2143 63 grows grow VBZ 20467 2143 64 best well RBS 20467 2143 65 in in IN 20467 2143 66 moist moist JJ 20467 2143 67 loam loam NN 20467 2143 68 . . . 20467 2144 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2144 2 has have VBZ 20467 2144 3 few few JJ 20467 2144 4 disfiguring disfigure VBG 20467 2144 5 insect insect JJ 20467 2144 6 enemies enemy NNS 20467 2144 7 . . . 20467 2145 1 Mostly mostly RB 20467 2145 2 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2145 3 by by IN 20467 2145 4 seed seed NN 20467 2145 5 , , , 20467 2145 6 but but CC 20467 2145 7 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2145 8 successfully successfully RB 20467 2145 9 collected collect VBN 20467 2145 10 ; ; : 20467 2145 11 for for IN 20467 2145 12 sale sale NN 20467 2145 13 in in IN 20467 2145 14 the the DT 20467 2145 15 leading lead VBG 20467 2145 16 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2145 17 and and CC 20467 2145 18 usually usually RB 20467 2145 19 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2145 20 in in IN 20467 2145 21 large large JJ 20467 2145 22 quantities quantity NNS 20467 2145 23 . . . 20467 2146 1 Of of IN 20467 2146 2 abnormal abnormal JJ 20467 2146 3 forms form NNS 20467 2146 4 offered offer VBN 20467 2146 5 by by IN 20467 2146 6 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 2146 7 , , , 20467 2146 8 one one PRP 20467 2146 9 has have VBZ 20467 2146 10 an an DT 20467 2146 11 upright upright JJ 20467 2146 12 habit habit NN 20467 2146 13 approaching approach VBG 20467 2146 14 that that DT 20467 2146 15 of of IN 20467 2146 16 the the DT 20467 2146 17 Lombardy Lombardy NNP 20467 2146 18 poplar poplar NN 20467 2146 19 ; ; : 20467 2146 20 another another DT 20467 2146 21 has have VBZ 20467 2146 22 variegated variegate VBN 20467 2146 23 leaves leave NNS 20467 2146 24 , , , 20467 2146 25 and and CC 20467 2146 26 another another DT 20467 2146 27 leaves leave NNS 20467 2146 28 without without IN 20467 2146 29 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2146 30 . . . 20467 2147 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2147 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2147 3 : : : 20467 2147 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2147 5 LIII.--Liriodendron LIII.--Liriodendron NNP 20467 2147 6 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 2147 7 . . . 20467 2147 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2148 1 1 1 LS 20467 2148 2 . . . 20467 2149 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2149 2 bud bud NN 20467 2149 3 , , , 20467 2149 4 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2149 5 . . . 20467 2150 1 2 2 LS 20467 2150 2 . . . 20467 2151 1 Opening open VBG 20467 2151 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 2151 3 - - HYPH 20467 2151 4 bud bud NN 20467 2151 5 with with IN 20467 2151 6 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2151 7 . . . 20467 2152 1 3 3 LS 20467 2152 2 . . . 20467 2153 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2153 2 branch branch NN 20467 2153 3 . . . 20467 2154 1 4 4 LS 20467 2154 2 . . . 20467 2155 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2155 2 . . . 20467 2156 1 5 5 CD 20467 2156 2 . . . 20467 2157 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2157 2 with with IN 20467 2157 3 many many JJ 20467 2157 4 carpels carpel NNS 20467 2157 5 removed remove VBN 20467 2157 6 . . . 20467 2158 1 6 6 CD 20467 2158 2 . . . 20467 2159 1 Carpel Carpel NNP 20467 2159 2 with with IN 20467 2159 3 seeds seed NNS 20467 2159 4 . . . 20467 2160 1 LAURACEÆ LAURACEÆ NNP 20467 2160 2 . . . 20467 2161 1 LAUREL LAUREL NNP 20467 2161 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2161 3 . . . 20467 2162 1 = = NFP 20467 2162 2 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 2162 3 officinale officinale NN 20467 2162 4 , , , 20467 2162 5 Nees.= Nees.= NNP 20467 2162 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2162 7 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 2162 8 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 2162 9 , , , 20467 2162 10 Karst Karst NNP 20467 2162 11 . . . 20467 2162 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2162 13 SASSAFRAS SASSAFRAS NNP 20467 2162 14 . . . 20467 2163 1 = = NFP 20467 2163 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2163 3 and and CC 20467 2163 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2163 5 various various JJ 20467 2163 6 soils soil NNS 20467 2163 7 and and CC 20467 2163 8 situations situation NNS 20467 2163 9 ; ; , 20467 2163 10 sandy sandy JJ 20467 2163 11 or or CC 20467 2163 12 rich rich JJ 20467 2163 13 woods wood NNS 20467 2163 14 , , , 20467 2163 15 along along IN 20467 2163 16 the the DT 20467 2163 17 borders border NNS 20467 2163 18 of of IN 20467 2163 19 peaty peaty NN 20467 2163 20 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2163 21 . . . 20467 2164 1 Provinces province NNS 20467 2164 2 of of IN 20467 2164 3 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 2164 4 and and CC 20467 2164 5 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2164 6 . . . 20467 2165 1 Maine,--this Maine,--this NNP 20467 2165 2 tree tree NN 20467 2165 3 grows grow VBZ 20467 2165 4 not not RB 20467 2165 5 beyond beyond IN 20467 2165 6 Black Black NNP 20467 2165 7 Point Point NNP 20467 2165 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 9 Scarboro Scarboro NNP 20467 2165 10 , , , 20467 2165 11 Cumberland Cumberland NNP 20467 2165 12 county county NN 20467 2165 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 14 eastward eastward NNP 20467 2165 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 16 Josselyn Josselyn NNP 20467 2165 17 's 's POS 20467 2165 18 _ _ NNP 20467 2165 19 New New NNP 20467 2165 20 England England NNP 20467 2165 21 Rarities Rarities NNPS 20467 2165 22 _ _ NNP 20467 2165 23 , , , 20467 2165 24 1672 1672 CD 20467 2165 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 26 ; ; : 20467 2165 27 not not RB 20467 2165 28 reported report VBN 20467 2165 29 again again RB 20467 2165 30 by by IN 20467 2165 31 botanists botanist NNS 20467 2165 32 for for IN 20467 2165 33 more more JJR 20467 2165 34 than than IN 20467 2165 35 two two CD 20467 2165 36 hundred hundred CD 20467 2165 37 years year NNS 20467 2165 38 ; ; , 20467 2165 39 rediscovered rediscover VBN 20467 2165 40 at at IN 20467 2165 41 Wells Wells NNP 20467 2165 42 in in IN 20467 2165 43 1895 1895 CD 20467 2165 44 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 45 Walter Walter NNP 20467 2165 46 Deane Deane NNP 20467 2165 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 48 and and CC 20467 2165 49 North North NNP 20467 2165 50 Berwick Berwick NNP 20467 2165 51 in in IN 20467 2165 52 1896 1896 CD 20467 2165 53 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 54 J. J. NNP 20467 2165 55 C. C. NNP 20467 2165 56 Parlin Parlin NNP 20467 2165 57 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 58 ; ; : 20467 2165 59 New New NNP 20467 2165 60 Hampshire,--lower Hampshire,--lower NNP 20467 2165 61 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 2165 62 valley valley NNP 20467 2165 63 , , , 20467 2165 64 eastward eastward RB 20467 2165 65 to to IN 20467 2165 66 the the DT 20467 2165 67 coast coast NN 20467 2165 68 and and CC 20467 2165 69 along along IN 20467 2165 70 the the DT 20467 2165 71 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2165 72 valley valley NN 20467 2165 73 to to IN 20467 2165 74 Bellows Bellows NNP 20467 2165 75 Falls Falls NNP 20467 2165 76 ; ; : 20467 2165 77 Vermont,--occasional Vermont,--occasional NNP 20467 2165 78 south south RB 20467 2165 79 of of IN 20467 2165 80 the the DT 20467 2165 81 center center NN 20467 2165 82 ; ; : 20467 2165 83 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 2165 84 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 85 Robbins Robbins NNP 20467 2165 86 , , , 20467 2165 87 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 2165 88 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 89 ; ; : 20467 2165 90 Hartland Hartland NNP 20467 2165 91 and and CC 20467 2165 92 Brattleboro Brattleboro NNP 20467 2165 93 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 94 Bates Bates NNP 20467 2165 95 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 96 , , , 20467 2165 97 Vernon Vernon NNP 20467 2165 98 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2165 99 Grant Grant NNP 20467 2165 100 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2165 101 ; ; : 20467 2165 102 Massachusetts,--common Massachusetts,--common NNP 20467 2165 103 especially especially RB 20467 2165 104 in in IN 20467 2165 105 the the DT 20467 2165 106 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2165 107 sections section NNS 20467 2165 108 ; ; : 20467 2165 109 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2165 110 Island Island NNP 20467 2165 111 and and CC 20467 2165 112 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 2165 113 . . . 20467 2166 1 South south RB 20467 2166 2 to to IN 20467 2166 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2166 4 ; ; : 20467 2166 5 west west NN 20467 2166 6 to to IN 20467 2166 7 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 2166 8 , , , 20467 2166 9 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 2166 10 , , , 20467 2166 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2166 12 , , , 20467 2166 13 and and CC 20467 2166 14 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2166 15 . . . 20467 2167 1 = = NFP 20467 2167 2 Habit.=--Generally habit.=--generally WRB 20467 2167 3 a a DT 20467 2167 4 shrub shrub JJ 20467 2167 5 or or CC 20467 2167 6 small small JJ 20467 2167 7 tree tree NN 20467 2167 8 but but CC 20467 2167 9 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2167 10 reaching reach VBG 20467 2167 11 a a DT 20467 2167 12 height height NN 20467 2167 13 of of IN 20467 2167 14 40 40 CD 20467 2167 15 - - SYM 20467 2167 16 50 50 CD 20467 2167 17 feet foot NNS 20467 2167 18 and and CC 20467 2167 19 a a DT 20467 2167 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 2167 21 diameter diameter NN 20467 2167 22 of of IN 20467 2167 23 2 2 CD 20467 2167 24 - - SYM 20467 2167 25 4 4 CD 20467 2167 26 feet foot NNS 20467 2167 27 ; ; , 20467 2167 28 attaining attain VBG 20467 2167 29 a a DT 20467 2167 30 maximum maximum NN 20467 2167 31 in in IN 20467 2167 32 the the DT 20467 2167 33 southern southern JJ 20467 2167 34 and and CC 20467 2167 35 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 2167 36 states state NNS 20467 2167 37 of of IN 20467 2167 38 80 80 CD 20467 2167 39 - - SYM 20467 2167 40 100 100 CD 20467 2167 41 feet foot NNS 20467 2167 42 in in IN 20467 2167 43 height height NN 20467 2167 44 and and CC 20467 2167 45 a a DT 20467 2167 46 trunk trunk NN 20467 2167 47 diameter diameter NN 20467 2167 48 of of IN 20467 2167 49 6 6 CD 20467 2167 50 - - SYM 20467 2167 51 7 7 CD 20467 2167 52 feet foot NNS 20467 2167 53 ; ; : 20467 2167 54 head head VB 20467 2167 55 open open JJ 20467 2167 56 , , , 20467 2167 57 flattish flattish JJ 20467 2167 58 or or CC 20467 2167 59 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2167 60 ; ; : 20467 2167 61 branches branch NNS 20467 2167 62 at at IN 20467 2167 63 varying vary VBG 20467 2167 64 angles angle NNS 20467 2167 65 , , , 20467 2167 66 stout stout RB 20467 2167 67 , , , 20467 2167 68 crooked crooked JJ 20467 2167 69 , , , 20467 2167 70 and and CC 20467 2167 71 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2167 72 ; ; : 20467 2167 73 spray spray VB 20467 2167 74 bushy bushy JJ 20467 2167 75 ; ; : 20467 2167 76 marked mark VBN 20467 2167 77 in in IN 20467 2167 78 winter winter NN 20467 2167 79 by by IN 20467 2167 80 the the DT 20467 2167 81 contrasting contrast VBG 20467 2167 82 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2167 83 - - HYPH 20467 2167 84 brown brown NN 20467 2167 85 of of IN 20467 2167 86 the the DT 20467 2167 87 trunk trunk NN 20467 2167 88 , , , 20467 2167 89 the the DT 20467 2167 90 bright bright JJ 20467 2167 91 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2167 92 - - HYPH 20467 2167 93 green green NN 20467 2167 94 of of IN 20467 2167 95 the the DT 20467 2167 96 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2167 97 and and CC 20467 2167 98 the the DT 20467 2167 99 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2167 100 flower flower NN 20467 2167 101 - - HYPH 20467 2167 102 buds bud NNS 20467 2167 103 , , , 20467 2167 104 in in IN 20467 2167 105 early early JJ 20467 2167 106 spring spring NN 20467 2167 107 by by IN 20467 2167 108 the the DT 20467 2167 109 drooping droop VBG 20467 2167 110 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2167 111 of of IN 20467 2167 112 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2167 113 flowers flower NNS 20467 2167 114 , , , 20467 2167 115 in in IN 20467 2167 116 autumn autumn NN 20467 2167 117 by by IN 20467 2167 118 the the DT 20467 2167 119 rich rich JJ 20467 2167 120 yellow yellow NN 20467 2167 121 or or CC 20467 2167 122 red red RB 20467 2167 123 - - HYPH 20467 2167 124 tinted tint VBN 20467 2167 125 foliage foliage NN 20467 2167 126 and and CC 20467 2167 127 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2167 128 fruit fruit NN 20467 2167 129 , , , 20467 2167 130 at at IN 20467 2167 131 all all DT 20467 2167 132 seasons season NNS 20467 2167 133 by by IN 20467 2167 134 the the DT 20467 2167 135 aromatic aromatic JJ 20467 2167 136 odor odor NN 20467 2167 137 and and CC 20467 2167 138 spicy spicy NN 20467 2167 139 flavor flavor NN 20467 2167 140 of of IN 20467 2167 141 all all DT 20467 2167 142 parts part NNS 20467 2167 143 of of IN 20467 2167 144 the the DT 20467 2167 145 tree tree NN 20467 2167 146 , , , 20467 2167 147 especially especially RB 20467 2167 148 the the DT 20467 2167 149 bark bark NN 20467 2167 150 of of IN 20467 2167 151 the the DT 20467 2167 152 root root NN 20467 2167 153 . . . 20467 2168 1 = = NFP 20467 2168 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2168 3 of of IN 20467 2168 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2168 5 deep deep JJ 20467 2168 6 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2168 7 - - HYPH 20467 2168 8 brown brown JJ 20467 2168 9 , , , 20467 2168 10 deeply deeply RB 20467 2168 11 and and CC 20467 2168 12 firmly firmly RB 20467 2168 13 ridged ridge VBN 20467 2168 14 in in IN 20467 2168 15 old old JJ 20467 2168 16 trees tree NNS 20467 2168 17 , , , 20467 2168 18 in in IN 20467 2168 19 young young JJ 20467 2168 20 trees tree NNS 20467 2168 21 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2168 22 - - HYPH 20467 2168 23 gray gray JJ 20467 2168 24 , , , 20467 2168 25 finely finely RB 20467 2168 26 and and CC 20467 2168 27 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 2168 28 striate striate JJ 20467 2168 29 , , , 20467 2168 30 the the DT 20467 2168 31 outer outer JJ 20467 2168 32 layer layer NN 20467 2168 33 often often RB 20467 2168 34 curiously curiously RB 20467 2168 35 splitting splitting JJ 20467 2168 36 , , , 20467 2168 37 resembling resemble VBG 20467 2168 38 a a DT 20467 2168 39 sort sort NN 20467 2168 40 of of IN 20467 2168 41 filagree filagree JJ 20467 2168 42 work work NN 20467 2168 43 ; ; : 20467 2168 44 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2168 45 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2168 46 - - HYPH 20467 2168 47 brown brown NN 20467 2168 48 , , , 20467 2168 49 marked mark VBN 20467 2168 50 with with IN 20467 2168 51 warts wart NNS 20467 2168 52 of of IN 20467 2168 53 russet russet NN 20467 2168 54 brown brown NNP 20467 2168 55 ; ; : 20467 2168 56 season season NN 20467 2168 57 's 's POS 20467 2168 58 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2168 59 at at IN 20467 2168 60 first first RB 20467 2168 61 minutely minutely RB 20467 2168 62 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2168 63 , , , 20467 2168 64 in in IN 20467 2168 65 the the DT 20467 2168 66 fall fall NN 20467 2168 67 more more RBR 20467 2168 68 or or CC 20467 2168 69 less less RBR 20467 2168 70 mottled mottled JJ 20467 2168 71 , , , 20467 2168 72 bright bright JJ 20467 2168 73 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2168 74 - - HYPH 20467 2168 75 green green JJ 20467 2168 76 . . . 20467 2169 1 = = NFP 20467 2169 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2169 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2169 4 and and CC 20467 2169 5 Leaves.=--Flower leaves.=--flower NN 20467 2169 6 - - HYPH 20467 2169 7 buds bud NNS 20467 2169 8 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2169 9 , , , 20467 2169 10 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2169 11 , , , 20467 2169 12 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2169 13 to to IN 20467 2169 14 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 2169 15 , , , 20467 2169 16 the the DT 20467 2169 17 outer outer JJ 20467 2169 18 scales scale NNS 20467 2169 19 rather rather RB 20467 2169 20 loose loose JJ 20467 2169 21 , , , 20467 2169 22 more more RBR 20467 2169 23 or or CC 20467 2169 24 less less RBR 20467 2169 25 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2169 26 , , , 20467 2169 27 the the DT 20467 2169 28 inner inner JJ 20467 2169 29 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2169 30 , , , 20467 2169 31 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2169 32 ; ; : 20467 2169 33 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2169 34 buds bud NNS 20467 2169 35 much much RB 20467 2169 36 smaller small JJR 20467 2169 37 . . . 20467 2170 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2170 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2170 3 , , , 20467 2170 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2170 5 , , , 20467 2170 6 often often RB 20467 2170 7 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2170 8 , , , 20467 2170 9 3 3 CD 20467 2170 10 - - SYM 20467 2170 11 5 5 CD 20467 2170 12 inches inch NNS 20467 2170 13 long long JJ 20467 2170 14 , , , 20467 2170 15 two two CD 20467 2170 16 - - HYPH 20467 2170 17 thirds third NNS 20467 2170 18 as as IN 20467 2170 19 wide wide JJ 20467 2170 20 , , , 20467 2170 21 downy downy NN 20467 2170 22 - - HYPH 20467 2170 23 tomentose tomentose RB 20467 2170 24 when when WRB 20467 2170 25 young young JJ 20467 2170 26 , , , 20467 2170 27 at at IN 20467 2170 28 maturity maturity NN 20467 2170 29 smooth smooth NN 20467 2170 30 , , , 20467 2170 31 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2170 32 - - HYPH 20467 2170 33 green green JJ 20467 2170 34 above above RB 20467 2170 35 , , , 20467 2170 36 lighter lighter RBR 20467 2170 37 beneath beneath RB 20467 2170 38 , , , 20467 2170 39 with with IN 20467 2170 40 midrib midrib NNP 20467 2170 41 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2170 42 and and CC 20467 2170 43 minutely minutely RB 20467 2170 44 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2170 45 ; ; : 20467 2170 46 outline outline NN 20467 2170 47 of of IN 20467 2170 48 two two CD 20467 2170 49 forms form NNS 20467 2170 50 , , , 20467 2170 51 one one CD 20467 2170 52 oval oval NN 20467 2170 53 to to IN 20467 2170 54 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2170 55 , , , 20467 2170 56 entire entire JJ 20467 2170 57 , , , 20467 2170 58 usually usually RB 20467 2170 59 rounded round VBN 20467 2170 60 at at IN 20467 2170 61 the the DT 20467 2170 62 apex apex NNP 20467 2170 63 , , , 20467 2170 64 wedge wedge NN 20467 2170 65 - - HYPH 20467 2170 66 shaped shape VBN 20467 2170 67 at at IN 20467 2170 68 base base NN 20467 2170 69 ; ; : 20467 2170 70 the the DT 20467 2170 71 other other JJ 20467 2170 72 oval oval NN 20467 2170 73 to to TO 20467 2170 74 obovate obovate VB 20467 2170 75 , , , 20467 2170 76 mitten mitten NN 20467 2170 77 - - HYPH 20467 2170 78 shaped shape VBN 20467 2170 79 or or CC 20467 2170 80 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 2170 81 to to IN 20467 2170 82 about about IN 20467 2170 83 the the DT 20467 2170 84 center center NN 20467 2170 85 , , , 20467 2170 86 with with IN 20467 2170 87 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2170 88 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 2170 89 ; ; : 20467 2170 90 apex apex NNP 20467 2170 91 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 2170 92 or or CC 20467 2170 93 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2170 94 ; ; : 20467 2170 95 base base NN 20467 2170 96 wedge wedge NN 20467 2170 97 - - HYPH 20467 2170 98 shaped shape VBN 20467 2170 99 ; ; : 20467 2170 100 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2170 101 about about IN 20467 2170 102 1 1 CD 20467 2170 103 inch inch NN 20467 2170 104 long long JJ 20467 2170 105 ; ; : 20467 2170 106 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 2170 107 none none NN 20467 2170 108 . . . 20467 2171 1 = = NFP 20467 2171 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 2171 3 or or CC 20467 2171 4 early early RB 20467 2171 5 May. May NNP 20467 2172 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2172 2 with with IN 20467 2172 3 the the DT 20467 2172 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2172 5 in in IN 20467 2172 6 slender slender NN 20467 2172 7 , , , 20467 2172 8 bracted bracte VBN 20467 2172 9 , , , 20467 2172 10 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2172 11 - - HYPH 20467 2172 12 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2172 13 , , , 20467 2172 14 corymbous corymbous JJ 20467 2172 15 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2172 16 , , , 20467 2172 17 from from IN 20467 2172 18 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2172 19 buds bud NNS 20467 2172 20 of of IN 20467 2172 21 the the DT 20467 2172 22 preceding precede VBG 20467 2172 23 season season NN 20467 2172 24 , , , 20467 2172 25 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2172 26 and and CC 20467 2172 27 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2172 28 flowers flower NNS 20467 2172 29 on on IN 20467 2172 30 separate separate JJ 20467 2172 31 trees,--sterile trees,--sterile NNP 20467 2172 32 flowers flower NNS 20467 2172 33 with with IN 20467 2172 34 9 9 CD 20467 2172 35 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2172 36 , , , 20467 2172 37 each each DT 20467 2172 38 of of IN 20467 2172 39 the the DT 20467 2172 40 three three CD 20467 2172 41 inner inner JJ 20467 2172 42 with with IN 20467 2172 43 two two CD 20467 2172 44 stalked stalk VBN 20467 2172 45 orange orange JJ 20467 2172 46 - - HYPH 20467 2172 47 colored color VBN 20467 2172 48 glands gland NNS 20467 2172 49 , , , 20467 2172 50 anthers anther NNS 20467 2172 51 4-celled 4-celled CD 20467 2172 52 , , , 20467 2172 53 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2172 54 abortive abortive NN 20467 2172 55 or or CC 20467 2172 56 wanting want VBG 20467 2172 57 : : : 20467 2172 58 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2172 59 flowers flower NNS 20467 2172 60 with with IN 20467 2172 61 6 6 CD 20467 2172 62 rudimentary rudimentary JJ 20467 2172 63 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2172 64 in in IN 20467 2172 65 one one CD 20467 2172 66 row row NN 20467 2172 67 ; ; , 20467 2172 68 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2172 69 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 2172 70 ; ; : 20467 2172 71 style style NN 20467 2172 72 short short JJ 20467 2172 73 . . . 20467 2173 1 = = NFP 20467 2173 2 Fruit.=--Generally fruit.=--generally FW 20467 2173 3 scanty scanty NN 20467 2173 4 , , , 20467 2173 5 drupes drupe NNS 20467 2173 6 , , , 20467 2173 7 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 2173 8 , , , 20467 2173 9 deep deep JJ 20467 2173 10 blue blue NN 20467 2173 11 , , , 20467 2173 12 with with IN 20467 2173 13 club club NN 20467 2173 14 - - HYPH 20467 2173 15 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2173 16 , , , 20467 2173 17 bright bright JJ 20467 2173 18 red red JJ 20467 2173 19 stalk stalk NN 20467 2173 20 . . . 20467 2174 1 = = NFP 20467 2174 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2174 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2174 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2174 5 New New NNP 20467 2174 6 England England NNP 20467 2174 7 ; ; : 20467 2174 8 adapted adapt VBN 20467 2174 9 to to IN 20467 2174 10 a a DT 20467 2174 11 great great JJ 20467 2174 12 variety variety NN 20467 2174 13 of of IN 20467 2174 14 soils soil NNS 20467 2174 15 , , , 20467 2174 16 but but CC 20467 2174 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2174 18 a a DT 20467 2174 19 stony stony NN 20467 2174 20 , , , 20467 2174 21 well well RB 20467 2174 22 - - HYPH 20467 2174 23 drained drain VBN 20467 2174 24 loam loam NN 20467 2174 25 or or CC 20467 2174 26 gravel gravel NN 20467 2174 27 . . . 20467 2175 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2175 2 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2175 3 masses masse NNS 20467 2175 4 of of IN 20467 2175 5 foliage foliage NN 20467 2175 6 , , , 20467 2175 7 which which WDT 20467 2175 8 color color NN 20467 2175 9 so so RB 20467 2175 10 brilliantly brilliantly RB 20467 2175 11 in in IN 20467 2175 12 the the DT 20467 2175 13 fall fall NN 20467 2175 14 , , , 20467 2175 15 make make VB 20467 2175 16 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2175 17 an an DT 20467 2175 18 extremely extremely RB 20467 2175 19 interesting interesting JJ 20467 2175 20 tree tree NN 20467 2175 21 in in IN 20467 2175 22 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2175 23 , , , 20467 2175 24 but but CC 20467 2175 25 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2175 26 has have VBZ 20467 2175 27 always always RB 20467 2175 28 been be VBN 20467 2175 29 rare rare JJ 20467 2175 30 in in IN 20467 2175 31 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2175 32 and and CC 20467 2175 33 difficult difficult JJ 20467 2175 34 to to TO 20467 2175 35 transplant transplant VB 20467 2175 36 ; ; : 20467 2175 37 suckers sucker NNS 20467 2175 38 , , , 20467 2175 39 however however RB 20467 2175 40 , , , 20467 2175 41 can can MD 20467 2175 42 be be VB 20467 2175 43 moved move VBN 20467 2175 44 readily readily RB 20467 2175 45 . . . 20467 2176 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 2176 2 easily easily RB 20467 2176 3 from from IN 20467 2176 4 seed seed NN 20467 2176 5 . . . 20467 2177 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2177 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2177 3 : : : 20467 2177 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2177 5 LIV.--Sassafras LIV.--Sassafras NNP 20467 2177 6 officinale officinale NN 20467 2177 7 . . . 20467 2177 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2178 1 1 1 LS 20467 2178 2 . . . 20467 2179 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2179 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2179 3 . . . 20467 2180 1 2 2 LS 20467 2180 2 . . . 20467 2181 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2181 2 with with IN 20467 2181 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2181 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2181 5 . . . 20467 2182 1 3 3 LS 20467 2182 2 . . . 20467 2183 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2183 2 flower flower NN 20467 2183 3 . . . 20467 2184 1 4 4 LS 20467 2184 2 . . . 20467 2185 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2185 2 with with IN 20467 2185 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2185 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2185 5 . . . 20467 2186 1 5 5 CD 20467 2186 2 . . . 20467 2187 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2187 2 flower flower NN 20467 2187 3 . . . 20467 2188 1 6 6 CD 20467 2188 2 . . . 20467 2189 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2189 2 branch branch NN 20467 2189 3 . . . 20467 2190 1 HAMAMELIDACEÆ HAMAMELIDACEÆ NNP 20467 2190 2 . . . 20467 2191 1 WITCH WITCH NNP 20467 2191 2 HAZEL HAZEL NNP 20467 2191 3 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2191 4 . . . 20467 2192 1 = = NFP 20467 2192 2 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 20467 2192 3 Styraciflua Styraciflua NNP 20467 2192 4 , , , 20467 2192 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2192 6 SWEET SWEET NNP 20467 2192 7 GUM GUM NNP 20467 2192 8 . . . 20467 2193 1 = = NFP 20467 2193 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2193 3 and and CC 20467 2193 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 2193 5 , , , 20467 2193 6 wet wet JJ 20467 2193 7 soil soil NN 20467 2193 8 , , , 20467 2193 9 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2193 10 , , , 20467 2193 11 moist moist JJ 20467 2193 12 woods wood NNS 20467 2193 13 . . . 20467 2194 1 Connecticut,--restricted connecticut,--restricte VBD 20467 2194 2 to to IN 20467 2194 3 the the DT 20467 2194 4 southwest southw JJS 20467 2194 5 corner corner NN 20467 2194 6 of of IN 20467 2194 7 the the DT 20467 2194 8 state state NN 20467 2194 9 , , , 20467 2194 10 not not RB 20467 2194 11 far far RB 20467 2194 12 from from IN 20467 2194 13 the the DT 20467 2194 14 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2194 15 ; ; : 20467 2194 16 Darien Darien NNP 20467 2194 17 to to IN 20467 2194 18 Five five CD 20467 2194 19 Mile Mile NNP 20467 2194 20 river river NN 20467 2194 21 , , , 20467 2194 22 probably probably RB 20467 2194 23 the the DT 20467 2194 24 northeastern northeastern JJ 20467 2194 25 limit limit NN 20467 2194 26 of of IN 20467 2194 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2194 28 natural natural JJ 20467 2194 29 growth growth NN 20467 2194 30 . . . 20467 2195 1 South south RB 20467 2195 2 to to IN 20467 2195 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2195 4 ; ; : 20467 2195 5 west west NN 20467 2195 6 to to IN 20467 2195 7 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2195 8 and and CC 20467 2195 9 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2195 10 . . . 20467 2196 1 = = NFP 20467 2196 2 Habit.=--Tree Habit.=--Tree NNP 20467 2196 3 40 40 CD 20467 2196 4 - - SYM 20467 2196 5 60 60 CD 20467 2196 6 feet foot NNS 20467 2196 7 high high JJ 20467 2196 8 , , , 20467 2196 9 with with IN 20467 2196 10 a a DT 20467 2196 11 trunk trunk NN 20467 2196 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 2196 13 of of IN 20467 2196 14 10 10 CD 20467 2196 15 inches inch NNS 20467 2196 16 to to IN 20467 2196 17 2 2 CD 20467 2196 18 feet foot NNS 20467 2196 19 , , , 20467 2196 20 attaining attain VBG 20467 2196 21 a a DT 20467 2196 22 height height NN 20467 2196 23 of of IN 20467 2196 24 150 150 CD 20467 2196 25 feet foot NNS 20467 2196 26 and and CC 20467 2196 27 a a DT 20467 2196 28 diameter diameter NN 20467 2196 29 of of IN 20467 2196 30 3 3 CD 20467 2196 31 - - SYM 20467 2196 32 5 5 CD 20467 2196 33 feet foot NNS 20467 2196 34 in in IN 20467 2196 35 the the DT 20467 2196 36 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2196 37 and and CC 20467 2196 38 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 2196 39 valleys valley NNS 20467 2196 40 ; ; : 20467 2196 41 trunk trunk NN 20467 2196 42 tall tall JJ 20467 2196 43 and and CC 20467 2196 44 straight straight JJ 20467 2196 45 ; ; : 20467 2196 46 branches branch NNS 20467 2196 47 rather rather RB 20467 2196 48 small small JJ 20467 2196 49 for for IN 20467 2196 50 the the DT 20467 2196 51 diameter diameter NN 20467 2196 52 and and CC 20467 2196 53 height height NN 20467 2196 54 of of IN 20467 2196 55 the the DT 20467 2196 56 tree tree NN 20467 2196 57 , , , 20467 2196 58 the the DT 20467 2196 59 lower lower RBR 20467 2196 60 mostly mostly RB 20467 2196 61 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2196 62 or or CC 20467 2196 63 declining declining JJ 20467 2196 64 ; ; : 20467 2196 65 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2196 66 beset beset VBP 20467 2196 67 with with IN 20467 2196 68 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2196 69 short short JJ 20467 2196 70 , , , 20467 2196 71 rather rather RB 20467 2196 72 stout stout RB 20467 2196 73 , , , 20467 2196 74 curved curved JJ 20467 2196 75 twigs twig NNS 20467 2196 76 ; ; : 20467 2196 77 head head VBP 20467 2196 78 wide wide RB 20467 2196 79 - - HYPH 20467 2196 80 spreading spread VBG 20467 2196 81 , , , 20467 2196 82 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 2196 83 or or CC 20467 2196 84 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2196 85 - - HYPH 20467 2196 86 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 2196 87 , , , 20467 2196 88 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2196 89 ; ; , 20467 2196 90 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2196 91 in in IN 20467 2196 92 summer summer NN 20467 2196 93 by by IN 20467 2196 94 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2196 95 deep deep JJ 20467 2196 96 green green NN 20467 2196 97 , , , 20467 2196 98 shining shine VBG 20467 2196 99 foliage foliage NN 20467 2196 100 , , , 20467 2196 101 in in IN 20467 2196 102 autumn autumn NN 20467 2196 103 by by IN 20467 2196 104 the the DT 20467 2196 105 splendor splendor NN 20467 2196 106 of of IN 20467 2196 107 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2196 108 coloring coloring NN 20467 2196 109 , , , 20467 2196 110 and and CC 20467 2196 111 in in IN 20467 2196 112 winter winter NN 20467 2196 113 by by IN 20467 2196 114 the the DT 20467 2196 115 long long RB 20467 2196 116 - - HYPH 20467 2196 117 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2196 118 , , , 20467 2196 119 globular globular JJ 20467 2196 120 fruit fruit NN 20467 2196 121 , , , 20467 2196 122 which which WDT 20467 2196 123 does do VBZ 20467 2196 124 not not RB 20467 2196 125 fall fall VB 20467 2196 126 till till IN 20467 2196 127 spring spring NN 20467 2196 128 . . . 20467 2197 1 = = NFP 20467 2197 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 2197 3 gray gray JJ 20467 2197 4 or or CC 20467 2197 5 grayish grayish NN 20467 2197 6 - - HYPH 20467 2197 7 brown brown JJ 20467 2197 8 , , , 20467 2197 9 in in IN 20467 2197 10 old old JJ 20467 2197 11 trees tree NNS 20467 2197 12 deeply deeply RB 20467 2197 13 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 2197 14 and and CC 20467 2197 15 broken break VBN 20467 2197 16 up up RP 20467 2197 17 into into IN 20467 2197 18 rather rather RB 20467 2197 19 small small JJ 20467 2197 20 , , , 20467 2197 21 thickish thickish JJ 20467 2197 22 , , , 20467 2197 23 loose loose JJ 20467 2197 24 scales scale NNS 20467 2197 25 ; ; : 20467 2197 26 branches branch NNS 20467 2197 27 brown brown JJ 20467 2197 28 - - HYPH 20467 2197 29 gray gray JJ 20467 2197 30 ; ; : 20467 2197 31 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2197 32 with with IN 20467 2197 33 or or CC 20467 2197 34 without without IN 20467 2197 35 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2197 36 corky corky JJ 20467 2197 37 ridges ridge NNS 20467 2197 38 on on IN 20467 2197 39 the the DT 20467 2197 40 upper upper JJ 20467 2197 41 side side NN 20467 2197 42 ; ; : 20467 2197 43 young young JJ 20467 2197 44 twigs twig NNS 20467 2197 45 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2197 46 . . . 20467 2198 1 = = NFP 20467 2198 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2198 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2198 4 and and CC 20467 2198 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2198 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2198 7 , , , 20467 2198 8 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2198 9 - - HYPH 20467 2198 10 brown brown JJ 20467 2198 11 , , , 20467 2198 12 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2198 13 , , , 20467 2198 14 acute acute JJ 20467 2198 15 . . . 20467 2199 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2199 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2199 3 , , , 20467 2199 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2199 5 , , , 20467 2199 6 regular regular JJ 20467 2199 7 , , , 20467 2199 8 3 3 CD 20467 2199 9 - - SYM 20467 2199 10 4 4 CD 20467 2199 11 inches inch NNS 20467 2199 12 in in IN 20467 2199 13 diameter diameter NN 20467 2199 14 , , , 20467 2199 15 dark dark JJ 20467 2199 16 green green JJ 20467 2199 17 turning turning NN 20467 2199 18 to to IN 20467 2199 19 reds red NNS 20467 2199 20 , , , 20467 2199 21 purples purple NNS 20467 2199 22 , , , 20467 2199 23 and and CC 20467 2199 24 yellows yellow VBZ 20467 2199 25 in in IN 20467 2199 26 autumn autumn NN 20467 2199 27 , , , 20467 2199 28 cut cut VBN 20467 2199 29 into into IN 20467 2199 30 the the DT 20467 2199 31 figure figure NN 20467 2199 32 of of IN 20467 2199 33 a a DT 20467 2199 34 star star NN 20467 2199 35 by by IN 20467 2199 36 5 5 CD 20467 2199 37 - - SYM 20467 2199 38 7 7 CD 20467 2199 39 equal equal JJ 20467 2199 40 , , , 20467 2199 41 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2199 42 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2199 43 , , , 20467 2199 44 glandular glandular NNP 20467 2199 45 - - HYPH 20467 2199 46 serrate serrate NN 20467 2199 47 , , , 20467 2199 48 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2199 49 , , , 20467 2199 50 shining shine VBG 20467 2199 51 on on IN 20467 2199 52 the the DT 20467 2199 53 upper upper JJ 20467 2199 54 surface surface NN 20467 2199 55 , , , 20467 2199 56 fragrant fragrant NN 20467 2199 57 when when WRB 20467 2199 58 bruised bruise VBN 20467 2199 59 ; ; : 20467 2199 60 base base NN 20467 2199 61 more more RBR 20467 2199 62 or or CC 20467 2199 63 less less JJR 20467 2199 64 heart heart NN 20467 2199 65 - - HYPH 20467 2199 66 shaped shape VBN 20467 2199 67 ; ; : 20467 2199 68 stalk stalk NN 20467 2199 69 slender slender NN 20467 2199 70 . . . 20467 2200 1 = = NFP 20467 2200 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 2200 3 . . . 20467 2201 1 Developing develop VBG 20467 2201 2 from from IN 20467 2201 3 a a DT 20467 2201 4 bud bud NN 20467 2201 5 of of IN 20467 2201 6 the the DT 20467 2201 7 season season NN 20467 2201 8 ; ; : 20467 2201 9 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2201 10 flowers flower NNS 20467 2201 11 in in IN 20467 2201 12 an an DT 20467 2201 13 erect erect NN 20467 2201 14 or or CC 20467 2201 15 spreading spread VBG 20467 2201 16 , , , 20467 2201 17 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 2201 18 catkin catkin NNP 20467 2201 19 ; ; : 20467 2201 20 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2201 21 none none NN 20467 2201 22 ; ; : 20467 2201 23 petals petal NNS 20467 2201 24 none none NN 20467 2201 25 , , , 20467 2201 26 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2201 27 many many JJ 20467 2201 28 , , , 20467 2201 29 intermixed intermix VBN 20467 2201 30 with with IN 20467 2201 31 minute minute JJ 20467 2201 32 scales scale NNS 20467 2201 33 : : : 20467 2201 34 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2201 35 flowers flower NNS 20467 2201 36 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2201 37 , , , 20467 2201 38 gathered gather VBD 20467 2201 39 in in IN 20467 2201 40 a a DT 20467 2201 41 long long RB 20467 2201 42 peduncled peduncled JJ 20467 2201 43 head head NN 20467 2201 44 ; ; : 20467 2201 45 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2201 46 consisting consisting NN 20467 2201 47 of of IN 20467 2201 48 fine fine JJ 20467 2201 49 scales scale NNS 20467 2201 50 ; ; , 20467 2201 51 corolla corolla NN 20467 2201 52 none none NN 20467 2201 53 ; ; : 20467 2201 54 pistil pistil NNP 20467 2201 55 with with IN 20467 2201 56 2-celled 2-celled CD 20467 2201 57 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2201 58 and and CC 20467 2201 59 2 2 CD 20467 2201 60 long long JJ 20467 2201 61 styles style NNS 20467 2201 62 . . . 20467 2202 1 = = NFP 20467 2202 2 Fruit.=--In Fruit.=--In `` 20467 2202 3 spherical spherical JJ 20467 2202 4 , , , 20467 2202 5 woody woody NN 20467 2202 6 heads head NNS 20467 2202 7 , , , 20467 2202 8 about about RB 20467 2202 9 1 1 CD 20467 2202 10 inch inch NN 20467 2202 11 in in IN 20467 2202 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 2202 13 , , , 20467 2202 14 suspended suspend VBN 20467 2202 15 by by IN 20467 2202 16 a a DT 20467 2202 17 slender slend JJR 20467 2202 18 thread thread NN 20467 2202 19 : : : 20467 2202 20 a a DT 20467 2202 21 sort sort NN 20467 2202 22 of of IN 20467 2202 23 aggregate aggregate JJ 20467 2202 24 fruit fruit NN 20467 2202 25 made make VBN 20467 2202 26 up up RP 20467 2202 27 of of IN 20467 2202 28 the the DT 20467 2202 29 hardened harden VBN 20467 2202 30 , , , 20467 2202 31 coherent coherent JJ 20467 2202 32 ovaries ovary NNS 20467 2202 33 , , , 20467 2202 34 holding hold VBG 20467 2202 35 on on RP 20467 2202 36 till till IN 20467 2202 37 spring spring NN 20467 2202 38 , , , 20467 2202 39 each each DT 20467 2202 40 containing contain VBG 20467 2202 41 one one CD 20467 2202 42 or or CC 20467 2202 43 two two CD 20467 2202 44 perfect perfect JJ 20467 2202 45 seeds seed NNS 20467 2202 46 . . . 20467 2203 1 = = NFP 20467 2203 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2203 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2203 4 along along IN 20467 2203 5 the the DT 20467 2203 6 southern southern JJ 20467 2203 7 shores shore NNS 20467 2203 8 of of IN 20467 2203 9 New New NNP 20467 2203 10 England England NNP 20467 2203 11 ; ; : 20467 2203 12 grows grow VBZ 20467 2203 13 in in IN 20467 2203 14 good good JJ 20467 2203 15 wet wet NN 20467 2203 16 or or CC 20467 2203 17 dry dry JJ 20467 2203 18 soils soil NNS 20467 2203 19 , , , 20467 2203 20 preferring prefer VBG 20467 2203 21 clays clay NNS 20467 2203 22 . . . 20467 2204 1 Young young JJ 20467 2204 2 plants plant NNS 20467 2204 3 are be VBP 20467 2204 4 tender tender JJ 20467 2204 5 in in IN 20467 2204 6 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 2204 7 , , , 20467 2204 8 but but CC 20467 2204 9 if if IN 20467 2204 10 protected protect VBD 20467 2204 11 a a DT 20467 2204 12 few few JJ 20467 2204 13 seasons season NNS 20467 2204 14 until until IN 20467 2204 15 well well RB 20467 2204 16 established establish VBN 20467 2204 17 make make VBP 20467 2204 18 hardy hardy JJ 20467 2204 19 trees tree NNS 20467 2204 20 of of IN 20467 2204 21 medium medium JJ 20467 2204 22 size size NN 20467 2204 23 . . . 20467 2205 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2205 2 is be VBZ 20467 2205 3 offered offer VBN 20467 2205 4 by by IN 20467 2205 5 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 2205 6 , , , 20467 2205 7 but but CC 20467 2205 8 must must MD 20467 2205 9 be be VB 20467 2205 10 frequently frequently RB 20467 2205 11 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 2205 12 to to TO 20467 2205 13 be be VB 20467 2205 14 moved move VBN 20467 2205 15 with with IN 20467 2205 16 safety safety NN 20467 2205 17 ; ; : 20467 2205 18 rate rate NN 20467 2205 19 of of IN 20467 2205 20 growth growth NN 20467 2205 21 rather rather RB 20467 2205 22 slow slow JJ 20467 2205 23 and and CC 20467 2205 24 nearly nearly RB 20467 2205 25 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2205 26 to to IN 20467 2205 27 maturity maturity NN 20467 2205 28 . . . 20467 2206 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 2206 2 from from IN 20467 2206 3 seed seed NN 20467 2206 4 . . . 20467 2207 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2207 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2207 3 : : : 20467 2207 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2207 5 LV.--Liquidambar LV.--Liquidambar NNP 20467 2207 6 styraciflua styraciflua NN 20467 2207 7 . . . 20467 2207 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2208 1 1 1 LS 20467 2208 2 . . . 20467 2209 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2209 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2209 3 . . . 20467 2210 1 2 2 LS 20467 2210 2 . . . 20467 2211 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2211 2 branch branch NN 20467 2211 3 . . . 20467 2212 1 3 3 LS 20467 2212 2 . . . 20467 2213 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2213 2 flower flower NN 20467 2213 3 . . . 20467 2214 1 4 4 LS 20467 2214 2 . . . 20467 2215 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2215 2 flower flower NN 20467 2215 3 . . . 20467 2216 1 5 5 CD 20467 2216 2 . . . 20467 2217 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2217 2 branch branch NN 20467 2217 3 . . . 20467 2218 1 PLATANACEÆ PLATANACEÆ NNS 20467 2218 2 . . . 20467 2219 1 PLANE PLANE VBN 20467 2219 2 - - HYPH 20467 2219 3 TREE TREE NNP 20467 2219 4 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2219 5 . . . 20467 2220 1 = = NFP 20467 2220 2 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 2220 3 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 2220 4 , , , 20467 2220 5 L.= l.= VB 20467 2220 6 BUTTONWOOD buttonwood NN 20467 2220 7 . . . 20467 2221 1 SYCAMORE sycamore FW 20467 2221 2 . . . 20467 2222 1 BUTTONBALL BUTTONBALL NNP 20467 2222 2 . . . 20467 2223 1 PLANE plane NN 20467 2223 2 TREE TREE NNP 20467 2223 3 . . . 20467 2224 1 = = NFP 20467 2224 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2224 3 and and CC 20467 2224 4 Range.=--Near Range.=--Near NNP 20467 2224 5 streams stream NNS 20467 2224 6 , , , 20467 2224 7 river river NN 20467 2224 8 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 2224 9 , , , 20467 2224 10 and and CC 20467 2224 11 low low JJ 20467 2224 12 , , , 20467 2224 13 damp damp JJ 20467 2224 14 woods wood NNS 20467 2224 15 . . . 20467 2225 1 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2225 2 . . . 20467 2226 1 Maine,--apparently maine,--apparently RB 20467 2226 2 restricted restrict VBD 20467 2226 3 to to IN 20467 2226 4 York York NNP 20467 2226 5 county county NN 20467 2226 6 ; ; : 20467 2226 7 New New NNP 20467 2226 8 Hampshire,--Merrimac Hampshire,--Merrimac NNP 20467 2226 9 valley valley NN 20467 2226 10 towards towards IN 20467 2226 11 the the DT 20467 2226 12 coast coast NN 20467 2226 13 ; ; : 20467 2226 14 along along IN 20467 2226 15 the the DT 20467 2226 16 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2226 17 as as RB 20467 2226 18 far far RB 20467 2226 19 as as IN 20467 2226 20 Walpole Walpole NNP 20467 2226 21 ; ; : 20467 2226 22 Vermont,--scattering vermont,--scattering NN 20467 2226 23 along along IN 20467 2226 24 the the DT 20467 2226 25 river river NN 20467 2226 26 shores shore NNS 20467 2226 27 , , , 20467 2226 28 quite quite RB 20467 2226 29 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2226 30 along along IN 20467 2226 31 the the DT 20467 2226 32 Hoosac Hoosac NNP 20467 2226 33 in in IN 20467 2226 34 Pownal Pownal NNP 20467 2226 35 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2226 36 Eggleston Eggleston NNP 20467 2226 37 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2226 38 ; ; : 20467 2226 39 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 2226 40 ; ; : 20467 2226 41 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2226 42 Island Island NNP 20467 2226 43 and and CC 20467 2226 44 Connecticut,--rather Connecticut,--rather NNP 20467 2226 45 common common JJ 20467 2226 46 . . . 20467 2227 1 South south RB 20467 2227 2 to to IN 20467 2227 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2227 4 ; ; : 20467 2227 5 west west NN 20467 2227 6 to to IN 20467 2227 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2227 8 , , , 20467 2227 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2227 10 , , , 20467 2227 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2227 12 , , , 20467 2227 13 and and CC 20467 2227 14 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2227 15 . . . 20467 2228 1 = = NFP 20467 2228 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2228 3 tree tree NN 20467 2228 4 of of IN 20467 2228 5 the the DT 20467 2228 6 first first JJ 20467 2228 7 magnitude magnitude NN 20467 2228 8 , , , 20467 2228 9 50 50 CD 20467 2228 10 - - SYM 20467 2228 11 100 100 CD 20467 2228 12 feet foot NNS 20467 2228 13 and and CC 20467 2228 14 upwards upward NNS 20467 2228 15 in in IN 20467 2228 16 height height NN 20467 2228 17 , , , 20467 2228 18 with with IN 20467 2228 19 a a DT 20467 2228 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 2228 21 of of IN 20467 2228 22 3 3 CD 20467 2228 23 - - SYM 20467 2228 24 8 8 CD 20467 2228 25 feet foot NNS 20467 2228 26 ; ; , 20467 2228 27 reaching reach VBG 20467 2228 28 in in IN 20467 2228 29 the the DT 20467 2228 30 rich rich JJ 20467 2228 31 alluvium alluvium NN 20467 2228 32 of of IN 20467 2228 33 the the DT 20467 2228 34 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2228 35 and and CC 20467 2228 36 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 20467 2228 37 valleys valley VBZ 20467 2228 38 a a DT 20467 2228 39 maximum maximum NN 20467 2228 40 of of IN 20467 2228 41 125 125 CD 20467 2228 42 feet foot NNS 20467 2228 43 in in IN 20467 2228 44 height height NN 20467 2228 45 and and CC 20467 2228 46 a a DT 20467 2228 47 diameter diameter NN 20467 2228 48 of of IN 20467 2228 49 20 20 CD 20467 2228 50 feet foot NNS 20467 2228 51 ; ; : 20467 2228 52 the the DT 20467 2228 53 largest large JJS 20467 2228 54 tree tree NN 20467 2228 55 of of IN 20467 2228 56 the the DT 20467 2228 57 New New NNP 20467 2228 58 England England NNP 20467 2228 59 forest forest NN 20467 2228 60 , , , 20467 2228 61 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2228 62 by by IN 20467 2228 63 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2228 64 great great JJ 20467 2228 65 height height NN 20467 2228 66 , , , 20467 2228 67 massive massive JJ 20467 2228 68 trunk trunk NN 20467 2228 69 and and CC 20467 2228 70 branches branch NNS 20467 2228 71 , , , 20467 2228 72 and and CC 20467 2228 73 by by IN 20467 2228 74 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2228 75 magnificent magnificent JJ 20467 2228 76 , , , 20467 2228 77 wide wide RB 20467 2228 78 - - HYPH 20467 2228 79 spreading spread VBG 20467 2228 80 , , , 20467 2228 81 dome dome NN 20467 2228 82 - - HYPH 20467 2228 83 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2228 84 or or CC 20467 2228 85 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 2228 86 , , , 20467 2228 87 open open JJ 20467 2228 88 head head NN 20467 2228 89 . . . 20467 2229 1 The the DT 20467 2229 2 sunlight sunlight NN 20467 2229 3 , , , 20467 2229 4 streaming stream VBG 20467 2229 5 through through IN 20467 2229 6 the the DT 20467 2229 7 large large JJ 20467 2229 8 - - HYPH 20467 2229 9 leafed leafed NN 20467 2229 10 , , , 20467 2229 11 rusty rusty JJ 20467 2229 12 foliage foliage NN 20467 2229 13 , , , 20467 2229 14 reveals reveal VBZ 20467 2229 15 the the DT 20467 2229 16 curiously curiously RB 20467 2229 17 mottled mottle VBN 20467 2229 18 patchwork patchwork NN 20467 2229 19 bark bark NN 20467 2229 20 ; ; : 20467 2229 21 and and CC 20467 2229 22 the the DT 20467 2229 23 long long RB 20467 2229 24 - - HYPH 20467 2229 25 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2229 26 , , , 20467 2229 27 globular globular JJ 20467 2229 28 fruit fruit NN 20467 2229 29 swings swing NNS 20467 2229 30 to to IN 20467 2229 31 every every DT 20467 2229 32 breeze breeze NN 20467 2229 33 till till IN 20467 2229 34 spring spring NN 20467 2229 35 comes come VBZ 20467 2229 36 again again RB 20467 2229 37 . . . 20467 2230 1 The the DT 20467 2230 2 lower low JJR 20467 2230 3 branches branch NNS 20467 2230 4 are be VBP 20467 2230 5 often often RB 20467 2230 6 very very RB 20467 2230 7 long long JJ 20467 2230 8 and and CC 20467 2230 9 almost almost RB 20467 2230 10 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2230 11 , , , 20467 2230 12 and and CC 20467 2230 13 the the DT 20467 2230 14 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2230 15 frequently frequently RB 20467 2230 16 have have VBP 20467 2230 17 a a DT 20467 2230 18 tufted tufted JJ 20467 2230 19 , , , 20467 2230 20 broom broom NN 20467 2230 21 - - HYPH 20467 2230 22 like like JJ 20467 2230 23 appearance appearance NN 20467 2230 24 , , , 20467 2230 25 due due JJ 20467 2230 26 probably probably RB 20467 2230 27 to to IN 20467 2230 28 the the DT 20467 2230 29 action action NN 20467 2230 30 of of IN 20467 2230 31 a a DT 20467 2230 32 fungous fungous JJ 20467 2230 33 disease disease NN 20467 2230 34 on on IN 20467 2230 35 the the DT 20467 2230 36 young young JJ 20467 2230 37 growth growth NN 20467 2230 38 . . . 20467 2231 1 = = NFP 20467 2231 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2231 3 of of IN 20467 2231 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2231 5 and and CC 20467 2231 6 large large JJ 20467 2231 7 branches branch NNS 20467 2231 8 dark dark JJ 20467 2231 9 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2231 10 - - HYPH 20467 2231 11 gray gray JJ 20467 2231 12 , , , 20467 2231 13 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2231 14 rough rough JJ 20467 2231 15 and and CC 20467 2231 16 closely closely RB 20467 2231 17 adherent adherent JJ 20467 2231 18 , , , 20467 2231 19 but but CC 20467 2231 20 usually usually RB 20467 2231 21 flaking flake VBG 20467 2231 22 off off RP 20467 2231 23 in in IN 20467 2231 24 broad broad JJ 20467 2231 25 , , , 20467 2231 26 thin thin JJ 20467 2231 27 , , , 20467 2231 28 brittle brittle JJ 20467 2231 29 scales scale NNS 20467 2231 30 , , , 20467 2231 31 exposing expose VBG 20467 2231 32 the the DT 20467 2231 33 green green JJ 20467 2231 34 or or CC 20467 2231 35 buff buff VB 20467 2231 36 inner inner JJ 20467 2231 37 bark bark NN 20467 2231 38 , , , 20467 2231 39 which which WDT 20467 2231 40 becomes become VBZ 20467 2231 41 nearly nearly RB 20467 2231 42 white white JJ 20467 2231 43 on on IN 20467 2231 44 exposure exposure NN 20467 2231 45 ; ; : 20467 2231 46 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2231 47 light light VBP 20467 2231 48 brown brown NNP 20467 2231 49 , , , 20467 2231 50 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2231 51 ridgy ridgy RB 20467 2231 52 towards towards IN 20467 2231 53 the the DT 20467 2231 54 ends end NNS 20467 2231 55 , , , 20467 2231 56 marked mark VBN 20467 2231 57 with with IN 20467 2231 58 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2231 59 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 20467 2231 60 dots dot NNS 20467 2231 61 . . . 20467 2232 1 = = NFP 20467 2232 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2232 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2232 4 and and CC 20467 2232 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2232 6 short short JJ 20467 2232 7 , , , 20467 2232 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2232 9 , , , 20467 2232 10 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 2232 11 , , , 20467 2232 12 enclosed enclose VBN 20467 2232 13 in in IN 20467 2232 14 the the DT 20467 2232 15 swollen swollen JJ 20467 2232 16 base base NN 20467 2232 17 of of IN 20467 2232 18 a a DT 20467 2232 19 petiole petiole NN 20467 2232 20 , , , 20467 2232 21 and and CC 20467 2232 22 , , , 20467 2232 23 after after IN 20467 2232 24 the the DT 20467 2232 25 fall fall NN 20467 2232 26 of of IN 20467 2232 27 the the DT 20467 2232 28 leaf leaf NN 20467 2232 29 , , , 20467 2232 30 encircled encircle VBN 20467 2232 31 by by IN 20467 2232 32 the the DT 20467 2232 33 leaf leaf NN 20467 2232 34 - - HYPH 20467 2232 35 scar scar NN 20467 2232 36 . . . 20467 2233 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2233 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2233 3 , , , 20467 2233 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2233 5 , , , 20467 2233 6 5 5 CD 20467 2233 7 - - SYM 20467 2233 8 6 6 CD 20467 2233 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2233 10 long long JJ 20467 2233 11 , , , 20467 2233 12 7 7 CD 20467 2233 13 - - SYM 20467 2233 14 10 10 CD 20467 2233 15 wide wide JJ 20467 2233 16 , , , 20467 2233 17 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2233 18 on on IN 20467 2233 19 both both DT 20467 2233 20 sides side NNS 20467 2233 21 when when WRB 20467 2233 22 young young JJ 20467 2233 23 , , , 20467 2233 24 at at IN 20467 2233 25 maturity maturity NN 20467 2233 26 light light NNP 20467 2233 27 rusty rusty JJ 20467 2233 28 - - HYPH 20467 2233 29 green green JJ 20467 2233 30 above above RB 20467 2233 31 , , , 20467 2233 32 light light NN 20467 2233 33 green green NN 20467 2233 34 beneath beneath RB 20467 2233 35 , , , 20467 2233 36 finally finally RB 20467 2233 37 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2233 38 , , , 20467 2233 39 turning turn VBG 20467 2233 40 yellow yellow NN 20467 2233 41 in in IN 20467 2233 42 autumn autumn NN 20467 2233 43 , , , 20467 2233 44 coriaceous coriaceous JJ 20467 2233 45 ; ; : 20467 2233 46 outline outline NN 20467 2233 47 reniform reniform NN 20467 2233 48 ; ; , 20467 2233 49 margin margin VBP 20467 2233 50 coarse coarse RB 20467 2233 51 - - HYPH 20467 2233 52 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2233 53 or or CC 20467 2233 54 sinuate sinuate NN 20467 2233 55 - - HYPH 20467 2233 56 lobed lobed JJ 20467 2233 57 , , , 20467 2233 58 the the DT 20467 2233 59 short short JJ 20467 2233 60 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2233 61 ending end VBG 20467 2233 62 in in IN 20467 2233 63 a a DT 20467 2233 64 sharp sharp JJ 20467 2233 65 point point NN 20467 2233 66 ; ; : 20467 2233 67 base base NN 20467 2233 68 heart heart NN 20467 2233 69 - - HYPH 20467 2233 70 shaped shape VBN 20467 2233 71 to to TO 20467 2233 72 nearly nearly RB 20467 2233 73 truncate truncate VB 20467 2233 74 ; ; : 20467 2233 75 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2233 76 1 1 CD 20467 2233 77 - - HYPH 20467 2233 78 2 2 CD 20467 2233 79 inches inch NNS 20467 2233 80 long long JJ 20467 2233 81 , , , 20467 2233 82 swollen swollen JJ 20467 2233 83 at at IN 20467 2233 84 the the DT 20467 2233 85 base base NN 20467 2233 86 ; ; : 20467 2233 87 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2233 88 sheathing sheathe VBG 20467 2233 89 , , , 20467 2233 90 often often RB 20467 2233 91 united united JJ 20467 2233 92 , , , 20467 2233 93 forming form VBG 20467 2233 94 a a DT 20467 2233 95 sort sort NN 20467 2233 96 of of IN 20467 2233 97 ruffle ruffle NN 20467 2233 98 . . . 20467 2234 1 = = NFP 20467 2234 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 2234 3 . . . 20467 2235 1 In in IN 20467 2235 2 crowded crowded JJ 20467 2235 3 spherical spherical JJ 20467 2235 4 heads head NNS 20467 2235 5 ; ; : 20467 2235 6 flowers flower NNS 20467 2235 7 of of IN 20467 2235 8 both both DT 20467 2235 9 kinds kind NNS 20467 2235 10 with with IN 20467 2235 11 insignificant insignificant JJ 20467 2235 12 calyx calyx NN 20467 2235 13 and and CC 20467 2235 14 corolla,--sterile corolla,--sterile NNP 20467 2235 15 heads head NNS 20467 2235 16 from from IN 20467 2235 17 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2235 18 or or CC 20467 2235 19 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2235 20 buds bud NNS 20467 2235 21 of of IN 20467 2235 22 the the DT 20467 2235 23 preceding precede VBG 20467 2235 24 season season NN 20467 2235 25 , , , 20467 2235 26 on on IN 20467 2235 27 short short JJ 20467 2235 28 and and CC 20467 2235 29 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 2235 30 stems stem NNS 20467 2235 31 ; ; , 20467 2235 32 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2235 33 few few JJ 20467 2235 34 , , , 20467 2235 35 usually usually RB 20467 2235 36 4 4 CD 20467 2235 37 , , , 20467 2235 38 anthers anther NNS 20467 2235 39 2-celled 2-celled CD 20467 2235 40 : : : 20467 2235 41 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2235 42 heads head NNS 20467 2235 43 from from IN 20467 2235 44 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2235 45 of of IN 20467 2235 46 the the DT 20467 2235 47 season season NN 20467 2235 48 , , , 20467 2235 49 on on IN 20467 2235 50 long long JJ 20467 2235 51 , , , 20467 2235 52 slender slender NN 20467 2235 53 stems stem VBZ 20467 2235 54 , , , 20467 2235 55 made make VBN 20467 2235 56 up up RP 20467 2235 57 of of IN 20467 2235 58 closely closely RB 20467 2235 59 compacted compacted JJ 20467 2235 60 ovate ovate NN 20467 2235 61 ovaries ovary NNS 20467 2235 62 with with IN 20467 2235 63 intermingled intermingled JJ 20467 2235 64 scales scale NNS 20467 2235 65 , , , 20467 2235 66 ovaries ovary NNS 20467 2235 67 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 2235 68 by by IN 20467 2235 69 hairy hairy NNP 20467 2235 70 one one CD 20467 2235 71 - - HYPH 20467 2235 72 sided sided JJ 20467 2235 73 recurved recurved JJ 20467 2235 74 styles style NNS 20467 2235 75 , , , 20467 2235 76 with with IN 20467 2235 77 bright bright JJ 20467 2235 78 red red JJ 20467 2235 79 stigmas stigma NNS 20467 2235 80 . . . 20467 2236 1 = = NFP 20467 2236 2 Fruit.=--In fruit.=--in NN 20467 2236 3 heads head NNS 20467 2236 4 , , , 20467 2236 5 mostly mostly RB 20467 2236 6 solitary solitary JJ 20467 2236 7 , , , 20467 2236 8 about about RB 20467 2236 9 1 1 CD 20467 2236 10 inch inch NN 20467 2236 11 in in IN 20467 2236 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 2236 13 , , , 20467 2236 14 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2236 15 till till IN 20467 2236 16 spring spring NN 20467 2236 17 : : : 20467 2236 18 nutlets nutlet NNS 20467 2236 19 small small JJ 20467 2236 20 , , , 20467 2236 21 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2236 22 , , , 20467 2236 23 1-seeded 1-seeded CD 20467 2236 24 . . . 20467 2237 1 = = NFP 20467 2237 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2237 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2237 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2237 5 New New NNP 20467 2237 6 England England NNP 20467 2237 7 ; ; : 20467 2237 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2237 9 a a DT 20467 2237 10 deep deep JJ 20467 2237 11 , , , 20467 2237 12 rich rich JJ 20467 2237 13 , , , 20467 2237 14 loamy loamy JJ 20467 2237 15 soil soil NN 20467 2237 16 near near IN 20467 2237 17 water water NN 20467 2237 18 , , , 20467 2237 19 but but CC 20467 2237 20 grows grow VBZ 20467 2237 21 in in IN 20467 2237 22 almost almost RB 20467 2237 23 any any DT 20467 2237 24 situation situation NN 20467 2237 25 ; ; : 20467 2237 26 of of IN 20467 2237 27 more more JJR 20467 2237 28 rapid rapid JJ 20467 2237 29 growth growth NN 20467 2237 30 than than IN 20467 2237 31 almost almost RB 20467 2237 32 any any DT 20467 2237 33 other other JJ 20467 2237 34 native native JJ 20467 2237 35 tree tree NN 20467 2237 36 , , , 20467 2237 37 and and CC 20467 2237 38 formerly formerly RB 20467 2237 39 planted plant VBN 20467 2237 40 freely freely RB 20467 2237 41 in in IN 20467 2237 42 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2237 43 grounds ground NNS 20467 2237 44 and and CC 20467 2237 45 on on IN 20467 2237 46 streets street NNS 20467 2237 47 , , , 20467 2237 48 but but CC 20467 2237 49 fungous fungous JJ 20467 2237 50 diseases disease NNS 20467 2237 51 disfigure disfigure VBP 20467 2237 52 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2237 53 so so RB 20467 2237 54 seriously seriously RB 20467 2237 55 , , , 20467 2237 56 and and CC 20467 2237 57 the the DT 20467 2237 58 late late JJ 20467 2237 59 frosts frost NNS 20467 2237 60 so so RB 20467 2237 61 often often RB 20467 2237 62 kill kill VBP 20467 2237 63 the the DT 20467 2237 64 young young JJ 20467 2237 65 leaves leave NNS 20467 2237 66 that that IN 20467 2237 67 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2237 68 is be VBZ 20467 2237 69 now now RB 20467 2237 70 seldom seldom RB 20467 2237 71 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2237 72 in in IN 20467 2237 73 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2237 74 ; ; : 20467 2237 75 usually usually RB 20467 2237 76 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2237 77 from from IN 20467 2237 78 seed seed NN 20467 2237 79 . . . 20467 2238 1 The the DT 20467 2238 2 European european JJ 20467 2238 3 plane plane NN 20467 2238 4 , , , 20467 2238 5 now now RB 20467 2238 6 largely largely RB 20467 2238 7 grown grow VBN 20467 2238 8 in in IN 20467 2238 9 some some DT 20467 2238 10 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2238 11 , , , 20467 2238 12 is be VBZ 20467 2238 13 a a DT 20467 2238 14 suitable suitable JJ 20467 2238 15 substitute substitute NN 20467 2238 16 . . . 20467 2239 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2239 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2239 3 : : : 20467 2239 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2239 5 LVI.--Platanus LVI.--Platanus NNP 20467 2239 6 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 20467 2239 7 . . . 20467 2239 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2240 1 1 1 LS 20467 2240 2 . . . 20467 2241 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2241 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2241 3 . . . 20467 2242 1 2 2 LS 20467 2242 2 . . . 20467 2243 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2243 2 branch branch NN 20467 2243 3 with with IN 20467 2243 4 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2243 5 and and CC 20467 2243 6 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2243 7 heads head NNS 20467 2243 8 . . . 20467 2244 1 3 3 LS 20467 2244 2 . . . 20467 2245 1 Stamen Stamen NNP 20467 2245 2 . . . 20467 2246 1 4 4 LS 20467 2246 2 . . . 20467 2247 1 Pistil Pistil NNP 20467 2247 2 . . . 20467 2248 1 5 5 CD 20467 2248 2 . . . 20467 2249 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2249 2 branch branch NN 20467 2249 3 . . . 20467 2250 1 6 6 CD 20467 2250 2 . . . 20467 2251 1 Stipule stipule NN 20467 2251 2 . . . 20467 2252 1 7 7 LS 20467 2252 2 . . . 20467 2253 1 Bud bud VB 20467 2253 2 with with IN 20467 2253 3 enclosing enclose VBG 20467 2253 4 base base NN 20467 2253 5 of of IN 20467 2253 6 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2253 7 . . . 20467 2254 1 POMACEÆ POMACEÆ NNP 20467 2254 2 . . . 20467 2255 1 APPLE APPLE NNP 20467 2255 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2255 3 . . . 20467 2256 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 2256 2 or or CC 20467 2256 3 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 2256 4 ; ; : 20467 2256 5 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2256 6 simple simple JJ 20467 2256 7 or or CC 20467 2256 8 pinnate pinnate NN 20467 2256 9 , , , 20467 2256 10 mostly mostly RB 20467 2256 11 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2256 12 , , , 20467 2256 13 with with IN 20467 2256 14 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2256 15 free free JJ 20467 2256 16 from from IN 20467 2256 17 the the DT 20467 2256 18 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2256 19 and and CC 20467 2256 20 usually usually RB 20467 2256 21 soon soon RB 20467 2256 22 falling fall VBG 20467 2256 23 ; ; : 20467 2256 24 flowers flower NNS 20467 2256 25 regular regular JJ 20467 2256 26 , , , 20467 2256 27 perfect perfect JJ 20467 2256 28 ; ; : 20467 2256 29 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2256 30 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2256 31 ; ; : 20467 2256 32 calyx calyx NN 20467 2256 33 - - HYPH 20467 2256 34 tube tube NN 20467 2256 35 adnate adnate NN 20467 2256 36 to to IN 20467 2256 37 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2256 38 ; ; : 20467 2256 39 petals petal NNS 20467 2256 40 5 5 CD 20467 2256 41 , , , 20467 2256 42 inserted insert VBN 20467 2256 43 on on IN 20467 2256 44 the the DT 20467 2256 45 disk disk NN 20467 2256 46 which which WDT 20467 2256 47 lines line VBZ 20467 2256 48 the the DT 20467 2256 49 calyx calyx NN 20467 2256 50 - - HYPH 20467 2256 51 tube tube NN 20467 2256 52 ; ; , 20467 2256 53 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2256 54 usually usually RB 20467 2256 55 many many JJ 20467 2256 56 , , , 20467 2256 57 distinct distinct JJ 20467 2256 58 , , , 20467 2256 59 inserted insert VBN 20467 2256 60 with with IN 20467 2256 61 the the DT 20467 2256 62 petals petal NNS 20467 2256 63 ; ; : 20467 2256 64 carpels carpel NNS 20467 2256 65 of of IN 20467 2256 66 the the DT 20467 2256 67 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2256 68 1 1 CD 20467 2256 69 - - SYM 20467 2256 70 5 5 CD 20467 2256 71 , , , 20467 2256 72 partially partially RB 20467 2256 73 or or CC 20467 2256 74 entirely entirely RB 20467 2256 75 united unite VBN 20467 2256 76 with with IN 20467 2256 77 each each DT 20467 2256 78 other other JJ 20467 2256 79 ; ; : 20467 2256 80 ovules ovules NNP 20467 2256 81 1 1 CD 20467 2256 82 - - SYM 20467 2256 83 2 2 CD 20467 2256 84 in in IN 20467 2256 85 each each DT 20467 2256 86 carpel carpel NN 20467 2256 87 ; ; : 20467 2256 88 styles style NNS 20467 2256 89 1 1 CD 20467 2256 90 - - SYM 20467 2256 91 5 5 CD 20467 2256 92 ; ; : 20467 2256 93 fruit fruit VB 20467 2256 94 a a DT 20467 2256 95 fleshy fleshy NN 20467 2256 96 pome pome NN 20467 2256 97 , , , 20467 2256 98 often often RB 20467 2256 99 berry berry JJ 20467 2256 100 - - HYPH 20467 2256 101 like like JJ 20467 2256 102 or or CC 20467 2256 103 drupe drupe NN 20467 2256 104 - - HYPH 20467 2256 105 like like JJ 20467 2256 106 , , , 20467 2256 107 formed form VBN 20467 2256 108 by by IN 20467 2256 109 consolidation consolidation NN 20467 2256 110 of of IN 20467 2256 111 the the DT 20467 2256 112 carpels carpel NNS 20467 2256 113 with with IN 20467 2256 114 the the DT 20467 2256 115 calyx calyx NN 20467 2256 116 - - HYPH 20467 2256 117 tube tube NN 20467 2256 118 . . . 20467 2257 1 PYRUS pyru NNS 20467 2257 2 . . . 20467 2258 1 MALUS MALUS NNP 20467 2258 2 . . . 20467 2259 1 AMELANCHIER AMELANCHIER NNP 20467 2259 2 . . . 20467 2260 1 CRATÆGUS CRATÆGUS NNP 20467 2260 2 . . . 20467 2261 1 = = NFP 20467 2261 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 2261 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2261 4 , , , 20467 2261 5 DC.= dc.= XX 20467 2261 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2261 7 Sorbus Sorbus NNP 20467 2261 8 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2261 9 , , , 20467 2261 10 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 2261 11 . . . 20467 2261 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2261 13 MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN NNP 20467 2261 14 ASH ASH NNP 20467 2261 15 . . . 20467 2262 1 = = NFP 20467 2262 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2262 3 and and CC 20467 2262 4 Range.=--River range.=--river NN 20467 2262 5 banks bank NNS 20467 2262 6 , , , 20467 2262 7 cool cool JJ 20467 2262 8 woods wood NNS 20467 2262 9 , , , 20467 2262 10 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2262 11 , , , 20467 2262 12 and and CC 20467 2262 13 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2262 14 . . . 20467 2263 1 Newfoundland newfoundland NN 20467 2263 2 to to IN 20467 2263 3 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 2263 4 . . . 20467 2264 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 2264 2 ; ; : 20467 2264 3 New New NNP 20467 2264 4 Hampshire,--common Hampshire,--common NNP 20467 2264 5 along along IN 20467 2264 6 the the DT 20467 2264 7 watersheds watershed NNS 20467 2264 8 of of IN 20467 2264 9 the the DT 20467 2264 10 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2264 11 and and CC 20467 2264 12 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 2264 13 rivers river NNS 20467 2264 14 and and CC 20467 2264 15 on on IN 20467 2264 16 the the DT 20467 2264 17 slopes slope NNS 20467 2264 18 of of IN 20467 2264 19 the the DT 20467 2264 20 White white JJ 20467 2264 21 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2264 22 ; ; : 20467 2264 23 Vermont,--abundant Vermont,--abundant NNP 20467 2264 24 far far RB 20467 2264 25 up up IN 20467 2264 26 the the DT 20467 2264 27 slopes slope NNS 20467 2264 28 of of IN 20467 2264 29 the the DT 20467 2264 30 Green green JJ 20467 2264 31 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2264 32 ; ; : 20467 2264 33 Massachusetts,--Graylock Massachusetts,--Graylock NNP 20467 2264 34 , , , 20467 2264 35 Wachusett Wachusett NNP 20467 2264 36 , , , 20467 2264 37 Watatic Watatic NNP 20467 2264 38 , , , 20467 2264 39 and and CC 20467 2264 40 other other JJ 20467 2264 41 mountainous mountainous JJ 20467 2264 42 regions region NNS 20467 2264 43 ; ; , 20467 2264 44 rare rare JJ 20467 2264 45 eastward eastward RB 20467 2264 46 ; ; : 20467 2264 47 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2264 48 Island Island NNP 20467 2264 49 and and CC 20467 2264 50 Connecticut,--occasional Connecticut,--occasional NNP 20467 2264 51 in in IN 20467 2264 52 the the DT 20467 2264 53 northern northern JJ 20467 2264 54 sections section NNS 20467 2264 55 . . . 20467 2265 1 South South NNP 20467 2265 2 , , , 20467 2265 3 in in IN 20467 2265 4 cold cold JJ 20467 2265 5 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2265 6 and and CC 20467 2265 7 along along IN 20467 2265 8 the the DT 20467 2265 9 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2265 10 to to IN 20467 2265 11 North North NNP 20467 2265 12 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 2265 13 ; ; : 20467 2265 14 west west NN 20467 2265 15 to to IN 20467 2265 16 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 2265 17 and and CC 20467 2265 18 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2265 19 . . . 20467 2266 1 = = NFP 20467 2266 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2266 3 small small JJ 20467 2266 4 tree tree NN 20467 2266 5 , , , 20467 2266 6 15 15 CD 20467 2266 7 - - SYM 20467 2266 8 20 20 CD 20467 2266 9 feet foot NNS 20467 2266 10 high high JJ 20467 2266 11 , , , 20467 2266 12 often often RB 20467 2266 13 attaining attain VBG 20467 2266 14 in in IN 20467 2266 15 the the DT 20467 2266 16 woods wood NNS 20467 2266 17 of of IN 20467 2266 18 northern northern JJ 20467 2266 19 Maine Maine NNP 20467 2266 20 and and CC 20467 2266 21 on on IN 20467 2266 22 the the DT 20467 2266 23 slopes slope NNS 20467 2266 24 of of IN 20467 2266 25 the the DT 20467 2266 26 White white JJ 20467 2266 27 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2266 28 a a DT 20467 2266 29 height height NN 20467 2266 30 of of IN 20467 2266 31 25 25 CD 20467 2266 32 - - SYM 20467 2266 33 30 30 CD 20467 2266 34 feet foot NNS 20467 2266 35 , , , 20467 2266 36 with with IN 20467 2266 37 a a DT 20467 2266 38 trunk trunk NN 20467 2266 39 diameter diameter NN 20467 2266 40 of of IN 20467 2266 41 12 12 CD 20467 2266 42 - - SYM 20467 2266 43 15 15 CD 20467 2266 44 inches inch NNS 20467 2266 45 ; ; , 20467 2266 46 reduced reduce VBN 20467 2266 47 at at IN 20467 2266 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2266 49 extreme extreme JJ 20467 2266 50 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 2266 51 to to IN 20467 2266 52 a a DT 20467 2266 53 low low JJ 20467 2266 54 shrub shrub NN 20467 2266 55 ; ; : 20467 2266 56 head head NN 20467 2266 57 , , , 20467 2266 58 in in IN 20467 2266 59 open open JJ 20467 2266 60 ground ground NN 20467 2266 61 , , , 20467 2266 62 pyramidal pyramidal NN 20467 2266 63 or or CC 20467 2266 64 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2266 65 ; ; : 20467 2266 66 branches branch NNS 20467 2266 67 spreading spread VBG 20467 2266 68 and and CC 20467 2266 69 slender slender NN 20467 2266 70 . . . 20467 2267 1 = = NFP 20467 2267 2 Bark.=--Closely bark.=--closely RB 20467 2267 3 resembling resemble VBG 20467 2267 4 bark bark NN 20467 2267 5 of of IN 20467 2267 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2267 7 P. P. NNP 20467 2268 1 sambucifolia sambucifolia NNP 20467 2268 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2268 3 . . . 20467 2269 1 = = NFP 20467 2269 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2269 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2269 4 and and CC 20467 2269 5 Leaves Leaves NNPS 20467 2269 6 . . . 20467 2269 7 ,=--Buds ,=--buds ADD 20467 2269 8 more more RBR 20467 2269 9 or or CC 20467 2269 10 less less RBR 20467 2269 11 scythe scythe NN 20467 2269 12 - - HYPH 20467 2269 13 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2269 14 , , , 20467 2269 15 acute acute JJ 20467 2269 16 , , , 20467 2269 17 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2269 18 , , , 20467 2269 19 glutinous glutinous JJ 20467 2269 20 . . . 20467 2270 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2270 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 2270 3 compound compound VBP 20467 2270 4 , , , 20467 2270 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2270 6 ; ; : 20467 2270 7 stem stem NN 20467 2270 8 grooved groove VBN 20467 2270 9 , , , 20467 2270 10 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 2270 11 at at IN 20467 2270 12 base base NN 20467 2270 13 , , , 20467 2270 14 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2270 15 - - HYPH 20467 2270 16 brown brown NN 20467 2270 17 above above RB 20467 2270 18 ; ; : 20467 2270 19 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2270 20 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 2270 21 ; ; : 20467 2270 22 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 2270 23 11 11 CD 20467 2270 24 - - SYM 20467 2270 25 19 19 CD 20467 2270 26 , , , 20467 2270 27 2 2 CD 20467 2270 28 - - SYM 20467 2270 29 4 4 CD 20467 2270 30 inches inch NNS 20467 2270 31 long long JJ 20467 2270 32 , , , 20467 2270 33 bright bright JJ 20467 2270 34 green green NN 20467 2270 35 above above RB 20467 2270 36 , , , 20467 2270 37 paler paler NN 20467 2270 38 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2270 39 , , , 20467 2270 40 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2270 41 , , , 20467 2270 42 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2270 43 - - HYPH 20467 2270 44 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2270 45 or or CC 20467 2270 46 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2270 47 , , , 20467 2270 48 the the DT 20467 2270 49 terminal terminal NN 20467 2270 50 often often RB 20467 2270 51 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 2270 52 , , , 20467 2270 53 finely finely RB 20467 2270 54 and and CC 20467 2270 55 sharply sharply RB 20467 2270 56 serrate serrate VB 20467 2270 57 above above IN 20467 2270 58 the the DT 20467 2270 59 base base NN 20467 2270 60 ; ; : 20467 2270 61 apex apex NNP 20467 2270 62 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2270 63 ; ; : 20467 2270 64 base base NN 20467 2270 65 roundish roundish NNP 20467 2270 66 to to TO 20467 2270 67 acute acute VB 20467 2270 68 and and CC 20467 2270 69 unequally unequally RB 20467 2270 70 sided side VBN 20467 2270 71 ; ; : 20467 2270 72 sessile sessile NNP 20467 2270 73 or or CC 20467 2270 74 nearly nearly RB 20467 2270 75 so so RB 20467 2270 76 , , , 20467 2270 77 except except IN 20467 2270 78 in in IN 20467 2270 79 the the DT 20467 2270 80 odd odd JJ 20467 2270 81 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 2270 82 . . . 20467 2271 1 = = NFP 20467 2271 2 Inflorescence.=--In Inflorescence.=--In NNP 20467 2271 3 terminal terminal NN 20467 2271 4 , , , 20467 2271 5 densely densely RB 20467 2271 6 compound compound JJ 20467 2271 7 , , , 20467 2271 8 large large JJ 20467 2271 9 and and CC 20467 2271 10 flattish flattish JJ 20467 2271 11 cymes cyme NNS 20467 2271 12 ; ; : 20467 2271 13 calyx calyx NN 20467 2271 14 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2271 15 ; ; : 20467 2271 16 petals petal NNS 20467 2271 17 5 5 CD 20467 2271 18 , , , 20467 2271 19 white white JJ 20467 2271 20 , , , 20467 2271 21 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2271 22 , , , 20467 2271 23 short short JJ 20467 2271 24 - - HYPH 20467 2271 25 clawed clawed JJ 20467 2271 26 ; ; , 20467 2271 27 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2271 28 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2271 29 ; ; : 20467 2271 30 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2271 31 inferior inferior NNP 20467 2271 32 ; ; : 20467 2271 33 styles style NNS 20467 2271 34 3 3 CD 20467 2271 35 . . . 20467 2272 1 = = NFP 20467 2272 2 Fruit.=--Round Fruit.=--Round `` 20467 2272 3 , , , 20467 2272 4 bright bright JJ 20467 2272 5 red red JJ 20467 2272 6 , , , 20467 2272 7 about about IN 20467 2272 8 the the DT 20467 2272 9 size size NN 20467 2272 10 of of IN 20467 2272 11 a a DT 20467 2272 12 pea pea NN 20467 2272 13 , , , 20467 2272 14 lasting last VBG 20467 2272 15 into into IN 20467 2272 16 winter winter NN 20467 2272 17 . . . 20467 2273 1 = = NFP 20467 2273 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2273 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2273 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2273 5 New New NNP 20467 2273 6 England England NNP 20467 2273 7 ; ; : 20467 2273 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2273 9 a a DT 20467 2273 10 good good JJ 20467 2273 11 , , , 20467 2273 12 well well RB 20467 2273 13 - - HYPH 20467 2273 14 drained drain VBN 20467 2273 15 soil soil NN 20467 2273 16 ; ; : 20467 2273 17 rate rate NN 20467 2273 18 of of IN 20467 2273 19 growth growth NN 20467 2273 20 slow slow JJ 20467 2273 21 and and CC 20467 2273 22 nearly nearly RB 20467 2273 23 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2273 24 . . . 20467 2274 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2274 2 is be VBZ 20467 2274 3 readily readily RB 20467 2274 4 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 2274 5 and and CC 20467 2274 6 would would MD 20467 2274 7 be be VB 20467 2274 8 useful useful JJ 20467 2274 9 on on IN 20467 2274 10 the the DT 20467 2274 11 borders border NNS 20467 2274 12 of of IN 20467 2274 13 woods wood NNS 20467 2274 14 , , , 20467 2274 15 in in IN 20467 2274 16 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2274 17 of of IN 20467 2274 18 low low JJ 20467 2274 19 trees tree NNS 20467 2274 20 , , , 20467 2274 21 and and CC 20467 2274 22 in in IN 20467 2274 23 seaside seaside JJ 20467 2274 24 exposures exposure NNS 20467 2274 25 . . . 20467 2275 1 Rare rare JJ 20467 2275 2 in in IN 20467 2275 3 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2275 4 and and CC 20467 2275 5 seldom seldom RB 20467 2275 6 for for IN 20467 2275 7 sale sale NN 20467 2275 8 by by IN 20467 2275 9 collectors collector NNS 20467 2275 10 . . . 20467 2276 1 The the DT 20467 2276 2 readily readily RB 20467 2276 3 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2276 4 and and CC 20467 2276 5 more more RBR 20467 2276 6 showy showy JJ 20467 2276 7 European European NNP 20467 2276 8 _ _ NNP 20467 2276 9 P. P. NNP 20467 2277 1 aucuparia aucuparia NNP 20467 2277 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2277 3 is be VBZ 20467 2277 4 to to TO 20467 2277 5 be be VB 20467 2277 6 preferred prefer VBN 20467 2277 7 for for IN 20467 2277 8 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2277 9 purposes purpose NNS 20467 2277 10 . . . 20467 2278 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2278 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2278 3 : : : 20467 2278 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2278 5 LVII.--Pyrus LVII.--Pyrus NNP 20467 2278 6 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2278 7 . . . 20467 2278 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2279 1 1 1 LS 20467 2279 2 . . . 20467 2280 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2280 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2280 3 . . . 20467 2281 1 2 2 LS 20467 2281 2 . . . 20467 2282 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2282 2 branch branch NN 20467 2282 3 . . . 20467 2283 1 3 3 LS 20467 2283 2 . . . 20467 2284 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2284 2 with with IN 20467 2284 3 part part NN 20467 2284 4 of of IN 20467 2284 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2284 6 and and CC 20467 2284 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2284 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2284 9 . . . 20467 2285 1 4 4 LS 20467 2285 2 . . . 20467 2286 1 Petal petal JJ 20467 2286 2 . . . 20467 2287 1 5 5 CD 20467 2287 2 . . . 20467 2288 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2288 2 branch branch NN 20467 2288 3 . . . 20467 2289 1 = = NFP 20467 2289 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 2289 3 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 2289 4 , , , 20467 2289 5 Cham Cham NNP 20467 2289 6 . . . 20467 2290 1 & & CC 20467 2290 2 Schlecht.= Schlecht.= NNP 20467 2290 3 _ _ NNP 20467 2290 4 Sorbus Sorbus NNP 20467 2290 5 sambucifolia sambucifolia NNS 20467 2290 6 , , , 20467 2290 7 R[oe]m R[oe]m NNP 20467 2290 8 . . . 20467 2290 9 _ _ NNP 20467 2290 10 MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN NNP 20467 2290 11 ASH ASH NNP 20467 2290 12 . . . 20467 2291 1 = = NFP 20467 2291 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2291 3 and and CC 20467 2291 4 Range.=--Mountain range.=--mountain JJ 20467 2291 5 slopes slope NNS 20467 2291 6 , , , 20467 2291 7 cool cool JJ 20467 2291 8 woods wood NNS 20467 2291 9 , , , 20467 2291 10 along along IN 20467 2291 11 the the DT 20467 2291 12 shores shore NNS 20467 2291 13 of of IN 20467 2291 14 rivers river NNS 20467 2291 15 and and CC 20467 2291 16 ponds pond NNS 20467 2291 17 , , , 20467 2291 18 often often RB 20467 2291 19 associated associate VBN 20467 2291 20 with with IN 20467 2291 21 _ _ NNP 20467 2291 22 P. P. NNP 20467 2292 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2292 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2292 3 , , , 20467 2292 4 but but CC 20467 2292 5 climbing climb VBG 20467 2292 6 higher higher RBR 20467 2292 7 up up IN 20467 2292 8 the the DT 20467 2292 9 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2292 10 . . . 20467 2293 1 From from IN 20467 2293 2 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 2293 3 and and CC 20467 2293 4 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2293 5 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2293 6 west west NNP 20467 2293 7 to to IN 20467 2293 8 the the DT 20467 2293 9 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 2293 10 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2293 11 , , , 20467 2293 12 then then RB 20467 2293 13 northward northward RB 20467 2293 14 along along IN 20467 2293 15 the the DT 20467 2293 16 mountain mountain NN 20467 2293 17 ranges range VBZ 20467 2293 18 to to IN 20467 2293 19 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 2293 20 . . . 20467 2294 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 2294 2 in in IN 20467 2294 3 Aroostook Aroostook NNP 20467 2294 4 county county NN 20467 2294 5 , , , 20467 2294 6 Piscataquis Piscataquis NNP 20467 2294 7 county county NN 20467 2294 8 , , , 20467 2294 9 Somerset Somerset NNP 20467 2294 10 county county NN 20467 2294 11 at at IN 20467 2294 12 least least JJS 20467 2294 13 north north NN 20467 2294 14 to to IN 20467 2294 15 the the DT 20467 2294 16 Moose Moose NNP 20467 2294 17 river river NN 20467 2294 18 , , , 20467 2294 19 along along IN 20467 2294 20 the the DT 20467 2294 21 boundary boundary JJ 20467 2294 22 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2294 23 , , , 20467 2294 24 about about IN 20467 2294 25 the the DT 20467 2294 26 Rangeley Rangeley NNP 20467 2294 27 lakes lake NNS 20467 2294 28 and and CC 20467 2294 29 locally locally RB 20467 2294 30 on on IN 20467 2294 31 Mount Mount NNP 20467 2294 32 Desert Desert NNP 20467 2294 33 Island Island NNP 20467 2294 34 ; ; : 20467 2294 35 New New NNP 20467 2294 36 Hampshire,--in hampshire,--in NN 20467 2294 37 the the DT 20467 2294 38 White White NNP 20467 2294 39 mountain mountain NN 20467 2294 40 region region NN 20467 2294 41 ; ; : 20467 2294 42 Vermont,--Mt Vermont,--Mt NNP 20467 2294 43 . . . 20467 2295 1 Mansfield Mansfield NNP 20467 2295 2 , , , 20467 2295 3 Willoughby Willoughby NNP 20467 2295 4 mountain mountain NN 20467 2295 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2295 6 Pringle Pringle NNP 20467 2295 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2295 8 ; ; : 20467 2295 9 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 20467 2295 10 in in IN 20467 2295 11 other other JJ 20467 2295 12 sections section NNS 20467 2295 13 of of IN 20467 2295 14 these these DT 20467 2295 15 states state NNS 20467 2295 16 ; ; : 20467 2295 17 to to TO 20467 2295 18 be be VB 20467 2295 19 looked look VBN 20467 2295 20 for for IN 20467 2295 21 along along IN 20467 2295 22 the the DT 20467 2295 23 edges edge NNS 20467 2295 24 of of IN 20467 2295 25 deep deep JJ 20467 2295 26 , , , 20467 2295 27 cool cool JJ 20467 2295 28 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2295 29 and and CC 20467 2295 30 at at IN 20467 2295 31 considerable considerable JJ 20467 2295 32 elevations elevation NNS 20467 2295 33 . . . 20467 2296 1 South South NNP 20467 2296 2 of of IN 20467 2296 3 New New NNP 20467 2296 4 England England NNP 20467 2296 5 , , , 20467 2296 6 probably probably RB 20467 2296 7 only only RB 20467 2296 8 as as IN 20467 2296 9 an an DT 20467 2296 10 escape escape NN 20467 2296 11 from from IN 20467 2296 12 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2296 13 ; ; : 20467 2296 14 west west NN 20467 2296 15 through through IN 20467 2296 16 the the DT 20467 2296 17 northern northern JJ 20467 2296 18 tier tier NN 20467 2296 19 of of IN 20467 2296 20 states state NNS 20467 2296 21 to to IN 20467 2296 22 the the DT 20467 2296 23 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 2296 24 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2296 25 , , , 20467 2296 26 thence thence NN 20467 2296 27 northward northward RB 20467 2296 28 along along IN 20467 2296 29 the the DT 20467 2296 30 mountain mountain NN 20467 2296 31 ranges range VBZ 20467 2296 32 to to IN 20467 2296 33 Alaska Alaska NNP 20467 2296 34 and and CC 20467 2296 35 south south RB 20467 2296 36 to to IN 20467 2296 37 New New NNP 20467 2296 38 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 2296 39 and and CC 20467 2296 40 California California NNP 20467 2296 41 . . . 20467 2297 1 = = NFP 20467 2297 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNPS 20467 2297 3 shrub shrub NN 20467 2297 4 3 3 CD 20467 2297 5 - - SYM 20467 2297 6 10 10 CD 20467 2297 7 feet foot NNS 20467 2297 8 high high JJ 20467 2297 9 , , , 20467 2297 10 or or CC 20467 2297 11 small small JJ 20467 2297 12 tree tree NN 20467 2297 13 rising rise VBG 20467 2297 14 to to IN 20467 2297 15 a a DT 20467 2297 16 height height NN 20467 2297 17 of of IN 20467 2297 18 15 15 CD 20467 2297 19 - - SYM 20467 2297 20 25 25 CD 20467 2297 21 feet foot NNS 20467 2297 22 , , , 20467 2297 23 reaching reach VBG 20467 2297 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2297 25 maximum maximum NN 20467 2297 26 in in IN 20467 2297 27 northern northern JJ 20467 2297 28 New New NNP 20467 2297 29 England England NNP 20467 2297 30 , , , 20467 2297 31 where where WRB 20467 2297 32 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2297 33 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2297 34 attains attain VBZ 20467 2297 35 a a DT 20467 2297 36 height height NN 20467 2297 37 of of IN 20467 2297 38 30 30 CD 20467 2297 39 - - SYM 20467 2297 40 35 35 CD 20467 2297 41 feet foot NNS 20467 2297 42 , , , 20467 2297 43 with with IN 20467 2297 44 a a DT 20467 2297 45 trunk trunk NN 20467 2297 46 diameter diameter NN 20467 2297 47 of of IN 20467 2297 48 15 15 CD 20467 2297 49 inches inch NNS 20467 2297 50 . . . 20467 2298 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2298 2 forms form VBZ 20467 2298 3 an an DT 20467 2298 4 open open JJ 20467 2298 5 , , , 20467 2298 6 wide wide RB 20467 2298 7 - - HYPH 20467 2298 8 spreading spread VBG 20467 2298 9 , , , 20467 2298 10 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 2298 11 or or CC 20467 2298 12 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2298 13 head head NN 20467 2298 14 , , , 20467 2298 15 resembling resemble VBG 20467 2298 16 the the DT 20467 2298 17 preceding precede VBG 20467 2298 18 species specie NNS 20467 2298 19 in in IN 20467 2298 20 the the DT 20467 2298 21 color color NN 20467 2298 22 of of IN 20467 2298 23 bark bark NN 20467 2298 24 , , , 20467 2298 25 in in IN 20467 2298 26 foliage foliage NN 20467 2298 27 and and CC 20467 2298 28 fruit fruit NN 20467 2298 29 . . . 20467 2299 1 Whether whether IN 20467 2299 2 these these DT 20467 2299 3 are be VBP 20467 2299 4 two two CD 20467 2299 5 distinct distinct JJ 20467 2299 6 species specie NNS 20467 2299 7 is be VBZ 20467 2299 8 at at IN 20467 2299 9 the the DT 20467 2299 10 present present JJ 20467 2299 11 problematical problematical NN 20467 2299 12 , , , 20467 2299 13 as as IN 20467 2299 14 there there EX 20467 2299 15 are be VBP 20467 2299 16 many many JJ 20467 2299 17 intermediate intermediate JJ 20467 2299 18 forms form NNS 20467 2299 19 , , , 20467 2299 20 and and CC 20467 2299 21 the the DT 20467 2299 22 same same JJ 20467 2299 23 tree tree NN 20467 2299 24 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2299 25 furnishes furnish VBZ 20467 2299 26 specimens specimen NNS 20467 2299 27 that that WDT 20467 2299 28 would would MD 20467 2299 29 indubitably indubitably RB 20467 2299 30 be be VB 20467 2299 31 referred refer VBN 20467 2299 32 to to IN 20467 2299 33 different different JJ 20467 2299 34 species specie NNS 20467 2299 35 . . . 20467 2300 1 = = NFP 20467 2300 2 Bark.=--On bark.=--on CD 20467 2300 3 old old JJ 20467 2300 4 trees tree NNS 20467 2300 5 light light VBP 20467 2300 6 brown brown JJ 20467 2300 7 and and CC 20467 2300 8 roughish roughish JJ 20467 2300 9 on on IN 20467 2300 10 the the DT 20467 2300 11 trunk trunk NN 20467 2300 12 , , , 20467 2300 13 separating separate VBG 20467 2300 14 into into IN 20467 2300 15 small small JJ 20467 2300 16 scales scale NNS 20467 2300 17 curling curl VBG 20467 2300 18 up up RP 20467 2300 19 on on IN 20467 2300 20 one one CD 20467 2300 21 side side NN 20467 2300 22 ; ; : 20467 2300 23 large large JJ 20467 2300 24 limbs limb NNS 20467 2300 25 light light NN 20467 2300 26 - - HYPH 20467 2300 27 colored colored JJ 20467 2300 28 , , , 20467 2300 29 smoothish smoothish JJ 20467 2300 30 , , , 20467 2300 31 often often RB 20467 2300 32 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2300 33 marked mark VBN 20467 2300 34 with with IN 20467 2300 35 coarse coarse JJ 20467 2300 36 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2300 37 blotches blotch NNS 20467 2300 38 and and CC 20467 2300 39 leaf leaf NN 20467 2300 40 - - HYPH 20467 2300 41 scars scar NNS 20467 2300 42 ; ; : 20467 2300 43 season season NN 20467 2300 44 's 's POS 20467 2300 45 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2300 46 light light NNP 20467 2300 47 brown brown NNP 20467 2300 48 , , , 20467 2300 49 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2300 50 , , , 20467 2300 51 silvery silvery RB 20467 2300 52 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2300 53 . . . 20467 2301 1 = = NFP 20467 2301 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2301 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2301 4 and and CC 20467 2301 5 Leaves.=--Terminal Leaves.=--Terminal NNP 20467 2301 6 bud bud NNP 20467 2301 7 1 1 CD 20467 2301 8 inch inch NN 20467 2301 9 long long JJ 20467 2301 10 , , , 20467 2301 11 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2301 12 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2301 13 inch inch NN 20467 2301 14 , , , 20467 2301 15 appressed appresse VBN 20467 2301 16 , , , 20467 2301 17 brownish brownish JJ 20467 2301 18 , , , 20467 2301 19 scythe scythe NN 20467 2301 20 - - HYPH 20467 2301 21 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2301 22 , , , 20467 2301 23 acute acute JJ 20467 2301 24 , , , 20467 2301 25 more more RBR 20467 2301 26 or or CC 20467 2301 27 less less RBR 20467 2301 28 glutinous glutinous JJ 20467 2301 29 . . . 20467 2302 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2302 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 2302 3 compound compound VBP 20467 2302 4 , , , 20467 2302 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2302 6 , , , 20467 2302 7 stems stem VBZ 20467 2302 8 grooved grooved JJ 20467 2302 9 and and CC 20467 2302 10 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2302 11 above above RB 20467 2302 12 , , , 20467 2302 13 enlarged enlarge VBN 20467 2302 14 at at IN 20467 2302 15 base base NN 20467 2302 16 ; ; : 20467 2302 17 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2302 18 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 2302 19 ; ; : 20467 2302 20 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 2302 21 7 7 CD 20467 2302 22 - - SYM 20467 2302 23 15 15 CD 20467 2302 24 , , , 20467 2302 25 the the DT 20467 2302 26 odd odd JJ 20467 2302 27 one one CD 20467 2302 28 stalked stalk VBD 20467 2302 29 , , , 20467 2302 30 1 1 CD 20467 2302 31 - - SYM 20467 2302 32 3 3 CD 20467 2302 33 inches inch NNS 20467 2302 34 long long JJ 20467 2302 35 , , , 20467 2302 36 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2302 37 - - SYM 20467 2302 38 1 1 CD 20467 2302 39 inch inch NN 20467 2302 40 wide wide JJ 20467 2302 41 , , , 20467 2302 42 bright bright JJ 20467 2302 43 green green NN 20467 2302 44 above above RB 20467 2302 45 , , , 20467 2302 46 paler paler NN 20467 2302 47 beneath beneath RB 20467 2302 48 , , , 20467 2302 49 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2302 50 , , , 20467 2302 51 mostly mostly RB 20467 2302 52 ovate ovate NN 20467 2302 53 - - HYPH 20467 2302 54 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2302 55 , , , 20467 2302 56 serrate serrate NN 20467 2302 57 above above IN 20467 2302 58 the the DT 20467 2302 59 base base NN 20467 2302 60 ; ; : 20467 2302 61 apex apex NNP 20467 2302 62 rounded round VBD 20467 2302 63 or or CC 20467 2302 64 more more RBR 20467 2302 65 usually usually RB 20467 2302 66 tapering taper VBG 20467 2302 67 suddenly suddenly RB 20467 2302 68 to to IN 20467 2302 69 a a DT 20467 2302 70 short short JJ 20467 2302 71 point point NN 20467 2302 72 , , , 20467 2302 73 or or CC 20467 2302 74 rarely rarely RB 20467 2302 75 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 2302 76 ; ; : 20467 2302 77 base base NN 20467 2302 78 inequilateral inequilateral NNP 20467 2302 79 . . . 20467 2303 1 = = NFP 20467 2303 2 Inflorescence.=--In Inflorescence.=--In NNP 20467 2303 3 broad broad JJ 20467 2303 4 , , , 20467 2303 5 compound compound NN 20467 2303 6 cymes cyme NNS 20467 2303 7 at at IN 20467 2303 8 the the DT 20467 2303 9 ends end NNS 20467 2303 10 of of IN 20467 2303 11 the the DT 20467 2303 12 branches branch NNS 20467 2303 13 ; ; , 20467 2303 14 flowers flower NNS 20467 2303 15 white white JJ 20467 2303 16 and and CC 20467 2303 17 rather rather RB 20467 2303 18 larger large JJR 20467 2303 19 than than IN 20467 2303 20 those those DT 20467 2303 21 of of IN 20467 2303 22 _ _ NNP 20467 2303 23 P. P. NNP 20467 2304 1 Americanus Americanus NNP 20467 2304 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2304 3 ; ; : 20467 2304 4 calyx calyx NN 20467 2304 5 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2304 6 ; ; : 20467 2304 7 petals petal NNS 20467 2304 8 5 5 CD 20467 2304 9 , , , 20467 2304 10 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2304 11 , , , 20467 2304 12 short short JJ 20467 2304 13 - - HYPH 20467 2304 14 clawed clawed JJ 20467 2304 15 ; ; , 20467 2304 16 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2304 17 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2304 18 ; ; : 20467 2304 19 pistil pistil NN 20467 2304 20 3-styled 3-styled CD 20467 2304 21 . . . 20467 2305 1 = = NFP 20467 2305 2 Fruit.=--In fruit.=--in CD 20467 2305 3 broad broad JJ 20467 2305 4 cymes cyme NNS 20467 2305 5 ; ; : 20467 2305 6 berries berry NNS 20467 2305 7 bright bright JJ 20467 2305 8 red red JJ 20467 2305 9 , , , 20467 2305 10 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2305 11 , , , 20467 2305 12 rather rather RB 20467 2305 13 larger large JJR 20467 2305 14 than than IN 20467 2305 15 those those DT 20467 2305 16 of of IN 20467 2305 17 _ _ NNP 20467 2305 18 P. P. NNP 20467 2306 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2306 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2306 3 , , , 20467 2306 4 holding hold VBG 20467 2306 5 on on RP 20467 2306 6 till till IN 20467 2306 7 winter winter NN 20467 2306 8 . . . 20467 2307 1 = = NFP 20467 2307 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2307 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2307 4 in in IN 20467 2307 5 New New NNP 20467 2307 6 England England NNP 20467 2307 7 , , , 20467 2307 8 though though IN 20467 2307 9 of of IN 20467 2307 10 shrub shrub NN 20467 2307 11 - - HYPH 20467 2307 12 like like JJ 20467 2307 13 proportions proportion NNS 20467 2307 14 in in IN 20467 2307 15 the the DT 20467 2307 16 southern southern JJ 20467 2307 17 sections section NNS 20467 2307 18 ; ; , 20467 2307 19 grows grow VBZ 20467 2307 20 in in IN 20467 2307 21 exposed expose VBN 20467 2307 22 situations situation NNS 20467 2307 23 inland inland RB 20467 2307 24 , , , 20467 2307 25 and and CC 20467 2307 26 along along IN 20467 2307 27 the the DT 20467 2307 28 seashore seashore NN 20467 2307 29 . . . 20467 2308 1 The the DT 20467 2308 2 dwarf dwarf NN 20467 2308 3 habit habit NN 20467 2308 4 , , , 20467 2308 5 graceful graceful JJ 20467 2308 6 foliage foliage NN 20467 2308 7 , , , 20467 2308 8 and and CC 20467 2308 9 showy showy JJ 20467 2308 10 fruit fruit NN 20467 2308 11 give give VBP 20467 2308 12 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2308 13 an an DT 20467 2308 14 especial especial JJ 20467 2308 15 value value NN 20467 2308 16 in in IN 20467 2308 17 artificial artificial JJ 20467 2308 18 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2308 19 ; ; : 20467 2308 20 but but CC 20467 2308 21 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2308 22 is be VBZ 20467 2308 23 seldom seldom RB 20467 2308 24 for for IN 20467 2308 25 sale sale NN 20467 2308 26 in in IN 20467 2308 27 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2308 28 and and CC 20467 2308 29 only only RB 20467 2308 30 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2308 31 by by IN 20467 2308 32 collectors collector NNS 20467 2308 33 . . . 20467 2309 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2309 2 is be VBZ 20467 2309 3 readily readily RB 20467 2309 4 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 2309 5 and and CC 20467 2309 6 is be VBZ 20467 2309 7 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2309 8 by by IN 20467 2309 9 seed seed NN 20467 2309 10 . . . 20467 2310 1 = = NFP 20467 2310 2 Note.=--In note.=--in CD 20467 2310 3 the the DT 20467 2310 4 European european JJ 20467 2310 5 mountain mountain NN 20467 2310 6 ash ash NN 20467 2310 7 , , , 20467 2310 8 _ _ NNP 20467 2310 9 P. P. NNP 20467 2311 1 aucuparia aucuparia NNP 20467 2311 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2311 3 , , , 20467 2311 4 the the DT 20467 2311 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 2311 6 have have VBP 20467 2311 7 a a DT 20467 2311 8 blunter blunter NN 20467 2311 9 apex apex NN 20467 2311 10 than than IN 20467 2311 11 is be VBZ 20467 2311 12 usually usually RB 20467 2311 13 found find VBN 20467 2311 14 in in IN 20467 2311 15 either either DT 20467 2311 16 of of IN 20467 2311 17 the the DT 20467 2311 18 American american JJ 20467 2311 19 species specie NNS 20467 2311 20 , , , 20467 2311 21 and and CC 20467 2311 22 have have VBP 20467 2311 23 a a DT 20467 2311 24 more more RBR 20467 2311 25 decided decided JJ 20467 2311 26 tendency tendency NN 20467 2311 27 to to IN 20467 2311 28 double double JJ 20467 2311 29 serration serration NN 20467 2311 30 . . . 20467 2312 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2312 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2312 3 : : : 20467 2312 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2312 5 LVIII.--Pyrus LVIII.--Pyrus NNP 20467 2312 6 sambucifolia sambucifolia NNP 20467 2312 7 . . . 20467 2312 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2313 1 1 1 LS 20467 2313 2 . . . 20467 2314 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2314 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2314 3 . . . 20467 2315 1 2 2 LS 20467 2315 2 . . . 20467 2316 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2316 2 branch branch NN 20467 2316 3 . . . 20467 2317 1 3 3 LS 20467 2317 2 . . . 20467 2318 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2318 2 with with IN 20467 2318 3 part part NN 20467 2318 4 of of IN 20467 2318 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2318 6 and and CC 20467 2318 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2318 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2318 9 . . . 20467 2319 1 4 4 LS 20467 2319 2 . . . 20467 2320 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2320 2 branch branch NN 20467 2320 3 . . . 20467 2321 1 = = NFP 20467 2321 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 2321 3 communis communis NN 20467 2321 4 , , , 20467 2321 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 2321 6 PEAR PEAR NNP 20467 2321 7 TREE TREE NNP 20467 2321 8 . . . 20467 2322 1 The the DT 20467 2322 2 common common JJ 20467 2322 3 pear pear NN 20467 2322 4 , , , 20467 2322 5 introduced introduce VBN 20467 2322 6 from from IN 20467 2322 7 Europe Europe NNP 20467 2322 8 ; ; : 20467 2322 9 a a DT 20467 2322 10 frequent frequent JJ 20467 2322 11 escape escape NN 20467 2322 12 from from IN 20467 2322 13 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2322 14 throughout throughout IN 20467 2322 15 New New NNP 20467 2322 16 England England NNP 20467 2322 17 and and CC 20467 2322 18 elsewhere elsewhere RB 20467 2322 19 ; ; : 20467 2322 20 becomes become VBZ 20467 2322 21 scraggly scraggly RB 20467 2322 22 and and CC 20467 2322 23 shrubby shrubby NN 20467 2322 24 in in IN 20467 2322 25 a a DT 20467 2322 26 wild wild JJ 20467 2322 27 state state NN 20467 2322 28 . . . 20467 2323 1 = = NFP 20467 2323 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 2323 3 Malus Malus NNP 20467 2323 4 , , , 20467 2323 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 2323 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2323 7 Malus Malus NNP 20467 2323 8 Malus Malus NNP 20467 2323 9 , , , 20467 2323 10 Britton Britton NNP 20467 2323 11 _ _ NNP 20467 2323 12 . . . 20467 2324 1 APPLE APPLE NNP 20467 2324 2 TREE TREE NNP 20467 2324 3 . . . 20467 2325 1 The the DT 20467 2325 2 common common JJ 20467 2325 3 apple apple NN 20467 2325 4 ; ; : 20467 2325 5 introduced introduce VBN 20467 2325 6 from from IN 20467 2325 7 Europe Europe NNP 20467 2325 8 ; ; : 20467 2325 9 a a DT 20467 2325 10 more more RBR 20467 2325 11 or or CC 20467 2325 12 less less RBR 20467 2325 13 frequent frequent JJ 20467 2325 14 escape escape NN 20467 2325 15 wherever wherever WRB 20467 2325 16 extensively extensively RB 20467 2325 17 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 2325 18 , , , 20467 2325 19 like like IN 20467 2325 20 the the DT 20467 2325 21 pear pear NN 20467 2325 22 showing show VBG 20467 2325 23 a a DT 20467 2325 24 tendency tendency NN 20467 2325 25 in in IN 20467 2325 26 a a DT 20467 2325 27 wild wild JJ 20467 2325 28 state state NN 20467 2325 29 to to TO 20467 2325 30 reversion reversion VB 20467 2325 31 . . . 20467 2326 1 = = NFP 20467 2326 2 Amelanchier Amelanchier NNP 20467 2326 3 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 2326 4 , , , 20467 2326 5 Medic.= Medic.= NNP 20467 2326 6 SHADBUSH SHADBUSH NNP 20467 2326 7 . . . 20467 2327 1 JUNE JUNE NNP 20467 2327 2 - - HYPH 20467 2327 3 BERRY BERRY NNP 20467 2327 4 . . . 20467 2328 1 = = NFP 20467 2328 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2328 3 and and CC 20467 2328 4 Range.=--Dry range.=--dry NN 20467 2328 5 , , , 20467 2328 6 open open JJ 20467 2328 7 woods wood NNS 20467 2328 8 , , , 20467 2328 9 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 2328 10 . . . 20467 2329 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 2329 2 and and CC 20467 2329 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2329 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2329 5 to to IN 20467 2329 6 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2329 7 Superior Superior NNP 20467 2329 8 . . . 20467 2330 1 New New NNP 20467 2330 2 England,--throughout England,--throughout NNP 20467 2330 3 . . . 20467 2331 1 South south RB 20467 2331 2 to to IN 20467 2331 3 the the DT 20467 2331 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 2331 5 of of IN 20467 2331 6 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 2331 7 ; ; : 20467 2331 8 west west NN 20467 2331 9 to to IN 20467 2331 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2331 11 , , , 20467 2331 12 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2331 13 , , , 20467 2331 14 and and CC 20467 2331 15 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 20467 2331 16 . . . 20467 2332 1 = = NFP 20467 2332 2 Habit.=--Shrub habit.=--shrub NN 20467 2332 3 or or CC 20467 2332 4 small small JJ 20467 2332 5 tree tree NN 20467 2332 6 , , , 20467 2332 7 10 10 CD 20467 2332 8 - - SYM 20467 2332 9 25 25 CD 20467 2332 10 feet foot NNS 20467 2332 11 high high JJ 20467 2332 12 , , , 20467 2332 13 with with IN 20467 2332 14 a a DT 20467 2332 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 2332 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 2332 17 of of IN 20467 2332 18 6 6 CD 20467 2332 19 - - SYM 20467 2332 20 10 10 CD 20467 2332 21 inches inch NNS 20467 2332 22 , , , 20467 2332 23 reaching reach VBG 20467 2332 24 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2332 25 a a DT 20467 2332 26 height height NN 20467 2332 27 of of IN 20467 2332 28 40 40 CD 20467 2332 29 feet foot NNS 20467 2332 30 and and CC 20467 2332 31 trunk trunk NN 20467 2332 32 diameter diameter NN 20467 2332 33 of of IN 20467 2332 34 18 18 CD 20467 2332 35 inches inch NNS 20467 2332 36 ; ; : 20467 2332 37 head head VBP 20467 2332 38 rather rather RB 20467 2332 39 wide wide RB 20467 2332 40 - - HYPH 20467 2332 41 spreading spread VBG 20467 2332 42 , , , 20467 2332 43 slender slender NN 20467 2332 44 - - HYPH 20467 2332 45 branched branch VBN 20467 2332 46 , , , 20467 2332 47 open open JJ 20467 2332 48 ; ; : 20467 2332 49 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2332 50 in in IN 20467 2332 51 early early JJ 20467 2332 52 spring spring NN 20467 2332 53 , , , 20467 2332 54 while while IN 20467 2332 55 other other JJ 20467 2332 56 trees tree NNS 20467 2332 57 are be VBP 20467 2332 58 yet yet RB 20467 2332 59 naked naked JJ 20467 2332 60 , , , 20467 2332 61 by by IN 20467 2332 62 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2332 63 profuse profuse NN 20467 2332 64 display display NN 20467 2332 65 of of IN 20467 2332 66 loose loose JJ 20467 2332 67 spreading spread VBG 20467 2332 68 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2332 69 of of IN 20467 2332 70 white white JJ 20467 2332 71 flowers flower NNS 20467 2332 72 , , , 20467 2332 73 and and CC 20467 2332 74 the the DT 20467 2332 75 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2332 76 tints tint NNS 20467 2332 77 of of IN 20467 2332 78 the the DT 20467 2332 79 silky silky JJ 20467 2332 80 opening opening NN 20467 2332 81 foliage foliage NN 20467 2332 82 . . . 20467 2333 1 = = NFP 20467 2333 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 2333 3 and and CC 20467 2333 4 large large JJ 20467 2333 5 branches branch NNS 20467 2333 6 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2333 7 - - HYPH 20467 2333 8 gray gray JJ 20467 2333 9 , , , 20467 2333 10 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2333 11 ; ; : 20467 2333 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2333 13 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2333 14 - - HYPH 20467 2333 15 brown brown JJ 20467 2333 16 , , , 20467 2333 17 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2333 18 . . . 20467 2334 1 = = NFP 20467 2334 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2334 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2334 4 and and CC 20467 2334 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2334 6 small small JJ 20467 2334 7 , , , 20467 2334 8 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2334 9 - - HYPH 20467 2334 10 conical conical JJ 20467 2334 11 , , , 20467 2334 12 pointed point VBD 20467 2334 13 . . . 20467 2335 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2335 2 2 2 CD 20467 2335 3 - - SYM 20467 2335 4 3 3 CD 20467 2335 5 - - HYPH 20467 2335 6 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2335 7 inches inch NNS 20467 2335 8 long long JJ 20467 2335 9 , , , 20467 2335 10 about about RB 20467 2335 11 half half NN 20467 2335 12 as as RB 20467 2335 13 wide wide JJ 20467 2335 14 , , , 20467 2335 15 slightly slightly RB 20467 2335 16 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2335 17 when when WRB 20467 2335 18 young young JJ 20467 2335 19 , , , 20467 2335 20 dark dark JJ 20467 2335 21 bluish bluish NN 20467 2335 22 - - HYPH 20467 2335 23 green green JJ 20467 2335 24 above above RB 20467 2335 25 at at IN 20467 2335 26 maturity maturity NN 20467 2335 27 , , , 20467 2335 28 lighter light JJR 20467 2335 29 beneath beneath IN 20467 2335 30 ; ; : 20467 2335 31 outline outline NN 20467 2335 32 varying varying NN 20467 2335 33 from from IN 20467 2335 34 ovate ovate NN 20467 2335 35 to to TO 20467 2335 36 obovate obovate VB 20467 2335 37 , , , 20467 2335 38 finely finely RB 20467 2335 39 and and CC 20467 2335 40 sharply sharply RB 20467 2335 41 serrate serrate VB 20467 2335 42 ; ; : 20467 2335 43 apex apex NNP 20467 2335 44 pointed point VBD 20467 2335 45 or or CC 20467 2335 46 mucronate mucronate JJ 20467 2335 47 , , , 20467 2335 48 often often RB 20467 2335 49 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 2335 50 so so RB 20467 2335 51 ; ; : 20467 2335 52 base base NN 20467 2335 53 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2335 54 heart heart NN 20467 2335 55 - - HYPH 20467 2335 56 shaped shape VBN 20467 2335 57 or or CC 20467 2335 58 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2335 59 ; ; : 20467 2335 60 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2335 61 about about IN 20467 2335 62 1 1 CD 20467 2335 63 inch inch NN 20467 2335 64 long long JJ 20467 2335 65 ; ; : 20467 2335 66 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2335 67 slender slender NN 20467 2335 68 , , , 20467 2335 69 silky silky NN 20467 2335 70 , , , 20467 2335 71 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 2335 72 , , , 20467 2335 73 soon soon RB 20467 2335 74 falling fall VBG 20467 2335 75 . . . 20467 2336 1 = = NFP 20467 2336 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 2336 3 to to IN 20467 2336 4 May. May NNP 20467 2337 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2337 2 with with IN 20467 2337 3 the the DT 20467 2337 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2337 5 at at IN 20467 2337 6 the the DT 20467 2337 7 end end NN 20467 2337 8 of of IN 20467 2337 9 the the DT 20467 2337 10 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2337 11 in in IN 20467 2337 12 long long JJ 20467 2337 13 , , , 20467 2337 14 loose loose JJ 20467 2337 15 , , , 20467 2337 16 spreading spread VBG 20467 2337 17 or or CC 20467 2337 18 drooping droop VBG 20467 2337 19 , , , 20467 2337 20 nearly nearly RB 20467 2337 21 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2337 22 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2337 23 ; ; : 20467 2337 24 flowers flower NNS 20467 2337 25 large large JJ 20467 2337 26 ; ; : 20467 2337 27 calyx calyx NN 20467 2337 28 5-cleft 5-cleft CD 20467 2337 29 , , , 20467 2337 30 campanulate campanulate NN 20467 2337 31 , , , 20467 2337 32 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2337 33 to to TO 20467 2337 34 nearly nearly RB 20467 2337 35 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2337 36 ; ; : 20467 2337 37 segments segment NNS 20467 2337 38 lanceolate lanceolate JJ 20467 2337 39 , , , 20467 2337 40 acute acute JJ 20467 2337 41 , , , 20467 2337 42 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 2337 43 ; ; : 20467 2337 44 petals petal NNS 20467 2337 45 5 5 CD 20467 2337 46 , , , 20467 2337 47 whole whole JJ 20467 2337 48 , , , 20467 2337 49 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2337 50 - - HYPH 20467 2337 51 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2337 52 or or CC 20467 2337 53 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2337 54 - - HYPH 20467 2337 55 spatulate spatulate NN 20467 2337 56 , , , 20467 2337 57 about about RB 20467 2337 58 1 1 CD 20467 2337 59 inch inch NN 20467 2337 60 long long JJ 20467 2337 61 , , , 20467 2337 62 two two CD 20467 2337 63 to to TO 20467 2337 64 three three CD 20467 2337 65 times time NNS 20467 2337 66 the the DT 20467 2337 67 length length NN 20467 2337 68 of of IN 20467 2337 69 the the DT 20467 2337 70 calyx calyx NN 20467 2337 71 ; ; , 20467 2337 72 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2337 73 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2337 74 : : : 20467 2337 75 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2337 76 with with IN 20467 2337 77 style style NN 20467 2337 78 deeply deeply RB 20467 2337 79 5-parted 5-parted CD 20467 2337 80 . . . 20467 2338 1 = = NFP 20467 2338 2 Fruit.=--June Fruit.=--June NNP 20467 2338 3 to to IN 20467 2338 4 July July NNP 20467 2338 5 . . . 20467 2339 1 In in IN 20467 2339 2 drooping drooping JJ 20467 2339 3 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2339 4 , , , 20467 2339 5 globose globose NN 20467 2339 6 , , , 20467 2339 7 passing pass VBG 20467 2339 8 through through IN 20467 2339 9 various various JJ 20467 2339 10 colors color NNS 20467 2339 11 to to TO 20467 2339 12 reddish reddish VB 20467 2339 13 , , , 20467 2339 14 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2339 15 , , , 20467 2339 16 or or CC 20467 2339 17 black black JJ 20467 2339 18 purple purple NN 20467 2339 19 , , , 20467 2339 20 long long RB 20467 2339 21 - - HYPH 20467 2339 22 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2339 23 , , , 20467 2339 24 sweet sweet JJ 20467 2339 25 and and CC 20467 2339 26 edible edible JJ 20467 2339 27 without without IN 20467 2339 28 decided decided JJ 20467 2339 29 flavor flavor NN 20467 2339 30 . . . 20467 2340 1 = = NFP 20467 2340 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2340 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2340 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2340 5 New New NNP 20467 2340 6 England England NNP 20467 2340 7 ; ; : 20467 2340 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 2340 9 in in IN 20467 2340 10 all all DT 20467 2340 11 soils soil NNS 20467 2340 12 and and CC 20467 2340 13 situations situation NNS 20467 2340 14 except except IN 20467 2340 15 in in IN 20467 2340 16 wet wet JJ 20467 2340 17 lands land NNS 20467 2340 18 , , , 20467 2340 19 but but CC 20467 2340 20 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2340 21 deep deep JJ 20467 2340 22 , , , 20467 2340 23 rich rich JJ 20467 2340 24 , , , 20467 2340 25 moist moist JJ 20467 2340 26 loam loam NN 20467 2340 27 ; ; : 20467 2340 28 very very RB 20467 2340 29 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2340 30 in in IN 20467 2340 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2340 32 habit habit NN 20467 2340 33 of of IN 20467 2340 34 growth growth NN 20467 2340 35 , , , 20467 2340 36 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2340 37 forming form VBG 20467 2340 38 a a DT 20467 2340 39 shrub shrub NN 20467 2340 40 , , , 20467 2340 41 at at IN 20467 2340 42 other other JJ 20467 2340 43 times time NNS 20467 2340 44 a a DT 20467 2340 45 slender slender NN 20467 2340 46 , , , 20467 2340 47 unsymmetrical unsymmetrical JJ 20467 2340 48 tree tree NN 20467 2340 49 , , , 20467 2340 50 and and CC 20467 2340 51 again again RB 20467 2340 52 a a DT 20467 2340 53 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2340 54 tree tree NN 20467 2340 55 with with IN 20467 2340 56 well well RB 20467 2340 57 - - HYPH 20467 2340 58 defined define VBN 20467 2340 59 trunk trunk NN 20467 2340 60 . . . 20467 2341 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2341 2 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 2341 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 2341 4 , , , 20467 2341 5 clean clean JJ 20467 2341 6 growth growth NN 20467 2341 7 , , , 20467 2341 8 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2341 9 fruit fruit NN 20467 2341 10 and and CC 20467 2341 11 autumn autumn NN 20467 2341 12 foliage foliage NN 20467 2341 13 make make VBP 20467 2341 14 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2341 15 a a DT 20467 2341 16 desirable desirable JJ 20467 2341 17 plant plant NN 20467 2341 18 in in IN 20467 2341 19 landscape landscape NN 20467 2341 20 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2341 21 where where WRB 20467 2341 22 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2341 23 can can MD 20467 2341 24 be be VB 20467 2341 25 grouped group VBN 20467 2341 26 with with IN 20467 2341 27 other other JJ 20467 2341 28 trees tree NNS 20467 2341 29 . . . 20467 2342 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2342 2 in in IN 20467 2342 3 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2342 4 ; ; : 20467 2342 5 procurable procurable NN 20467 2342 6 from from IN 20467 2342 7 collectors collector NNS 20467 2342 8 . . . 20467 2343 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2343 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2343 3 : : : 20467 2343 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2343 5 LIX.--Amelanchier LIX.--Amelanchier NNP 20467 2343 6 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 2343 7 . . . 20467 2343 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2344 1 1 1 LS 20467 2344 2 . . . 20467 2345 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2345 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2345 3 . . . 20467 2346 1 2 2 LS 20467 2346 2 . . . 20467 2347 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2347 2 branch branch NN 20467 2347 3 . . . 20467 2348 1 3 3 LS 20467 2348 2 . . . 20467 2349 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2349 2 with with IN 20467 2349 3 part part NN 20467 2349 4 of of IN 20467 2349 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2349 6 and and CC 20467 2349 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2349 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2349 9 . . . 20467 2350 1 4 4 LS 20467 2350 2 . . . 20467 2351 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2351 2 branch branch NN 20467 2351 3 . . . 20467 2352 1 CRATÆGUS CRATÆGUS NNP 20467 2352 2 . . . 20467 2353 1 A a DT 20467 2353 2 revision revision NN 20467 2353 3 of of IN 20467 2353 4 genus genus JJ 20467 2353 5 _ _ NNP 20467 2353 6 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2353 7 _ _ NNP 20467 2353 8 has have VBZ 20467 2353 9 long long RB 20467 2353 10 been be VBN 20467 2353 11 a a DT 20467 2353 12 desideratum desideratum NN 20467 2353 13 with with IN 20467 2353 14 botanists botanist NNS 20467 2353 15 . . . 20467 2354 1 The the DT 20467 2354 2 present present JJ 20467 2354 3 year year NN 20467 2354 4 has have VBZ 20467 2354 5 added add VBN 20467 2354 6 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2354 7 new new JJ 20467 2354 8 species specie NNS 20467 2354 9 , , , 20467 2354 10 most most JJS 20467 2354 11 of of IN 20467 2354 12 which which WDT 20467 2354 13 must must MD 20467 2354 14 be be VB 20467 2354 15 regarded regard VBN 20467 2354 16 as as IN 20467 2354 17 provisional provisional JJ 20467 2354 18 until until IN 20467 2354 19 sufficient sufficient JJ 20467 2354 20 time time NN 20467 2354 21 has have VBZ 20467 2354 22 elapsed elapse VBN 20467 2354 23 to to TO 20467 2354 24 note note VB 20467 2354 25 more more RBR 20467 2354 26 carefully carefully RB 20467 2354 27 the the DT 20467 2354 28 limits limit NNS 20467 2354 29 of of IN 20467 2354 30 variation variation NN 20467 2354 31 in in IN 20467 2354 32 previously previously RB 20467 2354 33 existing exist VBG 20467 2354 34 species specie NNS 20467 2354 35 and and CC 20467 2354 36 to to TO 20467 2354 37 eliminate eliminate VB 20467 2354 38 possible possible JJ 20467 2354 39 hybrids hybrid NNS 20467 2354 40 . . . 20467 2355 1 During during IN 20467 2355 2 the the DT 20467 2355 3 present present JJ 20467 2355 4 period period NN 20467 2355 5 of of IN 20467 2355 6 uncertainty uncertainty NN 20467 2355 7 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2355 8 seems seem VBZ 20467 2355 9 best good JJS 20467 2355 10 to to TO 20467 2355 11 exclude exclude VB 20467 2355 12 most most JJS 20467 2355 13 of of IN 20467 2355 14 the the DT 20467 2355 15 new new JJ 20467 2355 16 species specie NNS 20467 2355 17 from from IN 20467 2355 18 the the DT 20467 2355 19 manuals manual NNS 20467 2355 20 until until IN 20467 2355 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2355 22 status status NN 20467 2355 23 has have VBZ 20467 2355 24 been be VBN 20467 2355 25 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 20467 2355 26 established establish VBN 20467 2355 27 by by IN 20467 2355 28 raising raise VBG 20467 2355 29 plants plant NNS 20467 2355 30 from from IN 20467 2355 31 the the DT 20467 2355 32 seed seed NN 20467 2355 33 , , , 20467 2355 34 or or CC 20467 2355 35 by by IN 20467 2355 36 prolonged prolonged JJ 20467 2355 37 observation observation NN 20467 2355 38 over over IN 20467 2355 39 wide wide JJ 20467 2355 40 areas area NNS 20467 2355 41 . . . 20467 2356 1 = = NFP 20467 2356 2 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2356 3 Crus Crus NNP 20467 2356 4 - - HYPH 20467 2356 5 Galli Galli NNP 20467 2356 6 , , , 20467 2356 7 L.= l.= CD 20467 2356 8 COCKSPUR COCKSPUR NNS 20467 2356 9 THORN thorn NN 20467 2356 10 . . . 20467 2357 1 Rich rich JJ 20467 2357 2 soils soil NNS 20467 2357 3 , , , 20467 2357 4 edge edge NN 20467 2357 5 of of IN 20467 2357 6 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2357 7 . . . 20467 2358 1 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 2358 2 to to IN 20467 2358 3 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 2358 4 . . . 20467 2359 1 Found find VBN 20467 2359 2 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 2359 3 in in IN 20467 2359 4 western western JJ 20467 2359 5 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 2359 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2359 7 _ _ NNP 20467 2359 8 Flora Flora NNP 20467 2359 9 of of IN 20467 2359 10 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 2359 11 _ _ NNP 20467 2359 12 , , , 20467 2359 13 1900 1900 CD 20467 2359 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2359 15 ; ; : 20467 2359 16 southern southern JJ 20467 2359 17 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2359 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2359 19 C. C. NNP 20467 2359 20 H. H. NNP 20467 2359 21 Bissell Bissell NNP 20467 2359 22 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2359 23 . . . 20467 2360 1 South south RB 20467 2360 2 to to IN 20467 2360 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2360 4 ; ; : 20467 2360 5 west west NN 20467 2360 6 to to IN 20467 2360 7 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 2360 8 . . . 20467 2361 1 A a DT 20467 2361 2 small small JJ 20467 2361 3 tree tree NN 20467 2361 4 , , , 20467 2361 5 10 10 CD 20467 2361 6 - - SYM 20467 2361 7 25 25 CD 20467 2361 8 feet foot NNS 20467 2361 9 in in IN 20467 2361 10 height height NN 20467 2361 11 and and CC 20467 2361 12 6 6 CD 20467 2361 13 - - HYPH 20467 2361 14 12 12 CD 20467 2361 15 inches inch NNS 20467 2361 16 in in IN 20467 2361 17 trunk trunk NN 20467 2361 18 diameter diameter NN 20467 2361 19 ; ; , 20467 2361 20 best best RB 20467 2361 21 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2361 22 by by IN 20467 2361 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2361 24 thorns thorn NNS 20467 2361 25 and and CC 20467 2361 26 leaves leave NNS 20467 2361 27 . . . 20467 2362 1 Thorns Thorns NNPS 20467 2362 2 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2362 3 , , , 20467 2362 4 straight straight JJ 20467 2362 5 , , , 20467 2362 6 long long JJ 20467 2362 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2362 8 2 2 CD 20467 2362 9 - - SYM 20467 2362 10 4 4 CD 20467 2362 11 inches inch NNS 20467 2362 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2362 13 , , , 20467 2362 14 slender slender NN 20467 2362 15 ; ; : 20467 2362 16 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2362 17 thick thick JJ 20467 2362 18 , , , 20467 2362 19 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2362 20 , , , 20467 2362 21 dark dark JJ 20467 2362 22 green green NN 20467 2362 23 , , , 20467 2362 24 shining shine VBG 20467 2362 25 on on IN 20467 2362 26 the the DT 20467 2362 27 upper upper JJ 20467 2362 28 surface surface NN 20467 2362 29 , , , 20467 2362 30 pale pale JJ 20467 2362 31 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2362 32 , , , 20467 2362 33 turning turn VBG 20467 2362 34 dark dark JJ 20467 2362 35 orange orange NNP 20467 2362 36 red red NN 20467 2362 37 in in IN 20467 2362 38 autumn autumn NN 20467 2362 39 ; ; : 20467 2362 40 outline outline VB 20467 2362 41 obovate obovate NN 20467 2362 42 - - HYPH 20467 2362 43 oblanceolate oblanceolate NN 20467 2362 44 , , , 20467 2362 45 serrate serrate VB 20467 2362 46 above above RB 20467 2362 47 , , , 20467 2362 48 entire entire JJ 20467 2362 49 or or CC 20467 2362 50 nearly nearly RB 20467 2362 51 so so RB 20467 2362 52 near near IN 20467 2362 53 base base NN 20467 2362 54 ; ; : 20467 2362 55 apex apex NNP 20467 2362 56 acute acute JJ 20467 2362 57 or or CC 20467 2362 58 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2362 59 ; ; : 20467 2362 60 base base NN 20467 2362 61 decidedly decidedly RB 20467 2362 62 wedge wedge NN 20467 2362 63 - - HYPH 20467 2362 64 shaped shape VBN 20467 2362 65 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2362 66 ; ; : 20467 2362 67 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2362 68 short short JJ 20467 2362 69 . . . 20467 2363 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2363 2 globose globose NN 20467 2363 3 or or CC 20467 2363 4 very very RB 20467 2363 5 slightly slightly RB 20467 2363 6 pear pear NN 20467 2363 7 - - HYPH 20467 2363 8 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2363 9 , , , 20467 2363 10 remaining remain VBG 20467 2363 11 on on IN 20467 2363 12 the the DT 20467 2363 13 tree tree NN 20467 2363 14 throughout throughout IN 20467 2363 15 the the DT 20467 2363 16 winter winter NN 20467 2363 17 . . . 20467 2364 1 Hardy hardy JJ 20467 2364 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 2364 3 southern southern JJ 20467 2364 4 New New NNP 20467 2364 5 England England NNP 20467 2364 6 ; ; , 20467 2364 7 used use VBN 20467 2364 8 frequently frequently RB 20467 2364 9 for for IN 20467 2364 10 a a DT 20467 2364 11 hedge hedge NN 20467 2364 12 plant plant NN 20467 2364 13 . . . 20467 2365 1 = = NFP 20467 2365 2 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2365 3 punctata punctata NN 20467 2365 4 , , , 20467 2365 5 Jacq.= Jacq.= NNP 20467 2365 6 Thickets Thickets NNP 20467 2365 7 , , , 20467 2365 8 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 2365 9 , , , 20467 2365 10 borders border NNS 20467 2365 11 of of IN 20467 2365 12 forests forest NNS 20467 2365 13 . . . 20467 2366 1 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 2366 2 and and CC 20467 2366 3 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2366 4 . . . 20467 2367 1 Small small JJ 20467 2367 2 tree tree NN 20467 2367 3 , , , 20467 2367 4 common common JJ 20467 2367 5 in in IN 20467 2367 6 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 2367 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2367 8 Brainerd Brainerd NNP 20467 2367 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2367 10 and and CC 20467 2367 11 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2367 12 in in IN 20467 2367 13 the the DT 20467 2367 14 other other JJ 20467 2367 15 New New NNP 20467 2367 16 England England NNP 20467 2367 17 states state NNS 20467 2367 18 . . . 20467 2368 1 South south RB 20467 2368 2 to to IN 20467 2368 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2368 4 . . . 20467 2369 1 Thorns Thorns NNP 20467 2369 2 1 1 CD 20467 2369 3 - - SYM 20467 2369 4 2 2 CD 20467 2369 5 inches inch NNS 20467 2369 6 long long JJ 20467 2369 7 , , , 20467 2369 8 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2369 9 branched branch VBN 20467 2369 10 ; ; : 20467 2369 11 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2369 12 1 1 CD 20467 2369 13 - - HYPH 20467 2369 14 2 2 CD 20467 2369 15 - - HYPH 20467 2369 16 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2369 17 inches inch NNS 20467 2369 18 long long JJ 20467 2369 19 , , , 20467 2369 20 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2369 21 on on IN 20467 2369 22 the the DT 20467 2369 23 upper upper JJ 20467 2369 24 surface surface NN 20467 2369 25 , , , 20467 2369 26 finally finally RB 20467 2369 27 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2369 28 and and CC 20467 2369 29 dull dull JJ 20467 2369 30 beneath beneath RB 20467 2369 31 ; ; : 20467 2369 32 outline outline NNP 20467 2369 33 obovate obovate NNP 20467 2369 34 , , , 20467 2369 35 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2369 36 or or CC 20467 2369 37 slightly slightly RB 20467 2369 38 lobed lob VBN 20467 2369 39 above above RB 20467 2369 40 , , , 20467 2369 41 entire entire JJ 20467 2369 42 or or CC 20467 2369 43 nearly nearly RB 20467 2369 44 so so RB 20467 2369 45 beneath beneath JJ 20467 2369 46 , , , 20467 2369 47 short short RB 20467 2369 48 - - HYPH 20467 2369 49 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2369 50 or or CC 20467 2369 51 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2369 52 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2369 53 at at IN 20467 2369 54 the the DT 20467 2369 55 apex apex NNP 20467 2369 56 , , , 20467 2369 57 wedge wedge NN 20467 2369 58 - - HYPH 20467 2369 59 shaped shape VBN 20467 2369 60 at at IN 20467 2369 61 base base NN 20467 2369 62 ; ; : 20467 2369 63 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2369 64 slender slender NN 20467 2369 65 , , , 20467 2369 66 1 1 CD 20467 2369 67 - - SYM 20467 2369 68 2 2 CD 20467 2369 69 inches inch NNS 20467 2369 70 long long JJ 20467 2369 71 ; ; : 20467 2369 72 calyx calyx NN 20467 2369 73 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2369 74 linear linear JJ 20467 2369 75 , , , 20467 2369 76 entire entire JJ 20467 2369 77 ; ; : 20467 2369 78 fruit fruit NN 20467 2369 79 large large JJ 20467 2369 80 , , , 20467 2369 81 red red JJ 20467 2369 82 or or CC 20467 2369 83 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2369 84 . . . 20467 2370 1 = = NFP 20467 2370 2 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2370 3 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 2370 4 , , , 20467 2370 5 L.= L.= NNP 20467 2370 6 In in IN 20467 2370 7 view view NN 20467 2370 8 of of IN 20467 2370 9 the the DT 20467 2370 10 fact fact NN 20467 2370 11 of of IN 20467 2370 12 great great JJ 20467 2370 13 variation variation NN 20467 2370 14 in in IN 20467 2370 15 the the DT 20467 2370 16 bark bark NN 20467 2370 17 , , , 20467 2370 18 leaves leave NNS 20467 2370 19 , , , 20467 2370 20 inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 2370 21 , , , 20467 2370 22 and and CC 20467 2370 23 fruit fruit NN 20467 2370 24 of of IN 20467 2370 25 plants plant NNS 20467 2370 26 that that WDT 20467 2370 27 have have VBP 20467 2370 28 all all RB 20467 2370 29 passed pass VBN 20467 2370 30 in in IN 20467 2370 31 this this DT 20467 2370 32 country country NN 20467 2370 33 as as IN 20467 2370 34 _ _ NNP 20467 2370 35 C. C. NNP 20467 2371 1 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 2371 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2371 3 , , , 20467 2371 4 and and CC 20467 2371 5 in in IN 20467 2371 6 view view NN 20467 2371 7 of of IN 20467 2371 8 the the DT 20467 2371 9 further further JJ 20467 2371 10 uncertainty uncertainty NN 20467 2371 11 as as IN 20467 2371 12 to to IN 20467 2371 13 the the DT 20467 2371 14 plant plant NN 20467 2371 15 on on IN 20467 2371 16 which which WDT 20467 2371 17 the the DT 20467 2371 18 species specie NNS 20467 2371 19 was be VBD 20467 2371 20 originally originally RB 20467 2371 21 founded found VBN 20467 2371 22 , , , 20467 2371 23 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2371 24 seems seem VBZ 20467 2371 25 " " `` 20467 2371 26 best good JJS 20467 2371 27 to to TO 20467 2371 28 consider consider VB 20467 2371 29 the the DT 20467 2371 30 specimen speciman NNS 20467 2371 31 in in IN 20467 2371 32 the the DT 20467 2371 33 Linnæan Linnæan NNP 20467 2371 34 herbarium herbarium NN 20467 2371 35 as as IN 20467 2371 36 the the DT 20467 2371 37 type type NN 20467 2371 38 of of IN 20467 2371 39 _ _ NNP 20467 2371 40 C. C. NNP 20467 2372 1 coccinea coccinea NNP 20467 2372 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2372 3 which which WDT 20467 2372 4 can can MD 20467 2372 5 be be VB 20467 2372 6 described describe VBN 20467 2372 7 as as IN 20467 2372 8 follows follow VBZ 20467 2372 9 : : : 20467 2372 10 " " `` 20467 2372 11 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2372 12 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 2372 13 or or CC 20467 2372 14 on on IN 20467 2372 15 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 2372 16 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2372 17 mostly mostly RB 20467 2372 18 semiorbicular semiorbicular JJ 20467 2372 19 , , , 20467 2372 20 acute acute JJ 20467 2372 21 or or CC 20467 2372 22 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2372 23 , , , 20467 2372 24 divided divide VBN 20467 2372 25 above above IN 20467 2372 26 the the DT 20467 2372 27 middle middle NN 20467 2372 28 into into IN 20467 2372 29 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2372 30 acute acute NN 20467 2372 31 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 2372 32 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2372 33 - - HYPH 20467 2372 34 serrate serrate NN 20467 2372 35 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2372 36 , , , 20467 2372 37 cuneate cuneate JJ 20467 2372 38 and and CC 20467 2372 39 finely finely RB 20467 2372 40 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2372 41 - - HYPH 20467 2372 42 serrate serrate NN 20467 2372 43 below below IN 20467 2372 44 the the DT 20467 2372 45 middle middle NN 20467 2372 46 and and CC 20467 2372 47 often often RB 20467 2372 48 quite quite RB 20467 2372 49 entire entire JJ 20467 2372 50 toward toward IN 20467 2372 51 the the DT 20467 2372 52 base base NN 20467 2372 53 , , , 20467 2372 54 with with IN 20467 2372 55 slender slender NNP 20467 2372 56 midribs midribs NNP 20467 2372 57 and and CC 20467 2372 58 remote remote JJ 20467 2372 59 primary primary JJ 20467 2372 60 veins vein NNS 20467 2372 61 arcuate arcuate JJ 20467 2372 62 and and CC 20467 2372 63 running run VBG 20467 2372 64 to to IN 20467 2372 65 the the DT 20467 2372 66 points point NNS 20467 2372 67 of of IN 20467 2372 68 the the DT 20467 2372 69 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2372 70 , , , 20467 2372 71 at at IN 20467 2372 72 the the DT 20467 2372 73 flowering flower VBG 20467 2372 74 time time NN 20467 2372 75 membranaceous membranaceous JJ 20467 2372 76 , , , 20467 2372 77 coated coat VBN 20467 2372 78 on on IN 20467 2372 79 the the DT 20467 2372 80 upper upper JJ 20467 2372 81 surface surface NN 20467 2372 82 and and CC 20467 2372 83 along along IN 20467 2372 84 the the DT 20467 2372 85 upper upper JJ 20467 2372 86 surface surface NN 20467 2372 87 of of IN 20467 2372 88 the the DT 20467 2372 89 midribs midribs NN 20467 2372 90 and and CC 20467 2372 91 veins vein NNS 20467 2372 92 with with IN 20467 2372 93 short short JJ 20467 2372 94 soft soft JJ 20467 2372 95 white white JJ 20467 2372 96 hairs hair NNS 20467 2372 97 , , , 20467 2372 98 at at IN 20467 2372 99 maturity maturity NN 20467 2372 100 thick thick JJ 20467 2372 101 , , , 20467 2372 102 coriaceous coriaceous JJ 20467 2372 103 , , , 20467 2372 104 dark dark JJ 20467 2372 105 green green NN 20467 2372 106 and and CC 20467 2372 107 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 2372 108 on on IN 20467 2372 109 the the DT 20467 2372 110 upper upper JJ 20467 2372 111 surface surface NN 20467 2372 112 , , , 20467 2372 113 paler paler NN 20467 2372 114 on on IN 20467 2372 115 the the DT 20467 2372 116 lower low JJR 20467 2372 117 surface surface NN 20467 2372 118 , , , 20467 2372 119 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2372 120 or or CC 20467 2372 121 nearly nearly RB 20467 2372 122 so so RB 20467 2372 123 , , , 20467 2372 124 1 1 CD 20467 2372 125 - - HYPH 20467 2372 126 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2372 127 - - HYPH 20467 2372 128 2 2 CD 20467 2372 129 inches inch NNS 20467 2372 130 long long JJ 20467 2372 131 and and CC 20467 2372 132 1 1 CD 20467 2372 133 - - HYPH 20467 2372 134 1 1 CD 20467 2372 135 - - HYPH 20467 2372 136 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2372 137 inches inch NNS 20467 2372 138 wide wide JJ 20467 2372 139 , , , 20467 2372 140 with with IN 20467 2372 141 slender slend JJR 20467 2372 142 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2372 143 petioles petiole NNS 20467 2372 144 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2372 145 - - SYM 20467 2372 146 1 1 CD 20467 2372 147 inch inch NN 20467 2372 148 long long RB 20467 2372 149 , , , 20467 2372 150 slightly slightly RB 20467 2372 151 grooved groove VBN 20467 2372 152 on on IN 20467 2372 153 the the DT 20467 2372 154 upper upper JJ 20467 2372 155 surface surface NN 20467 2372 156 , , , 20467 2372 157 often often RB 20467 2372 158 dark dark JJ 20467 2372 159 red red NN 20467 2372 160 toward toward IN 20467 2372 161 the the DT 20467 2372 162 base base NN 20467 2372 163 , , , 20467 2372 164 and and CC 20467 2372 165 like like IN 20467 2372 166 the the DT 20467 2372 167 young young JJ 20467 2372 168 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2372 169 villous villous JJ 20467 2372 170 with with IN 20467 2372 171 pale pale JJ 20467 2372 172 soft soft JJ 20467 2372 173 hairs hair NNS 20467 2372 174 ; ; : 20467 2372 175 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2372 176 lanceolate lanceolate VBP 20467 2372 177 to to TO 20467 2372 178 oblanceolate oblanceolate VB 20467 2372 179 , , , 20467 2372 180 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2372 181 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2372 182 - - HYPH 20467 2372 183 serrate serrate NN 20467 2372 184 with with IN 20467 2372 185 dark dark JJ 20467 2372 186 red red JJ 20467 2372 187 glands gland NNS 20467 2372 188 , , , 20467 2372 189 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2372 190 - - SYM 20467 2372 191 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2372 192 inch inch NN 20467 2372 193 long long RB 20467 2372 194 . . . 20467 2373 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 2373 2 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2373 3 - - HYPH 20467 2373 4 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2373 5 inch inch NN 20467 2373 6 in in IN 20467 2373 7 diameter diameter NN 20467 2373 8 when when WRB 20467 2373 9 fully fully RB 20467 2373 10 expanded expand VBN 20467 2373 11 , , , 20467 2373 12 in in IN 20467 2373 13 broad broad JJ 20467 2373 14 , , , 20467 2373 15 many many JJ 20467 2373 16 - - HYPH 20467 2373 17 flowered flowered JJ 20467 2373 18 , , , 20467 2373 19 compound compound VBP 20467 2373 20 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 2373 21 cymes cyme NNS 20467 2373 22 ; ; : 20467 2373 23 bracts bract NNS 20467 2373 24 and and CC 20467 2373 25 bractlets bractlet VBZ 20467 2373 26 linear linear JJ 20467 2373 27 - - HYPH 20467 2373 28 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2373 29 , , , 20467 2373 30 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 2373 31 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2373 32 - - HYPH 20467 2373 33 serrate serrate NN 20467 2373 34 , , , 20467 2373 35 caducous caducous JJ 20467 2373 36 ; ; : 20467 2373 37 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2373 38 tomentose tomentose NNP 20467 2373 39 , , , 20467 2373 40 the the DT 20467 2373 41 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2373 42 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2373 43 , , , 20467 2373 44 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2373 45 - - HYPH 20467 2373 46 serrate serrate NN 20467 2373 47 , , , 20467 2373 48 nearly nearly RB 20467 2373 49 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2373 50 or or CC 20467 2373 51 tomentose tomentose JJ 20467 2373 52 , , , 20467 2373 53 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2373 54 , , , 20467 2373 55 wide wide RB 20467 2373 56 - - HYPH 20467 2373 57 spreading spreading NN 20467 2373 58 or or CC 20467 2373 59 erect erect NN 20467 2373 60 on on IN 20467 2373 61 the the DT 20467 2373 62 fruit fruit NN 20467 2373 63 , , , 20467 2373 64 dark dark JJ 20467 2373 65 red red NN 20467 2373 66 above above RB 20467 2373 67 at at IN 20467 2373 68 the the DT 20467 2373 69 base base NN 20467 2373 70 ; ; : 20467 2373 71 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2373 72 10 10 CD 20467 2373 73 ; ; : 20467 2373 74 anthers anther NNS 20467 2373 75 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2373 76 ; ; : 20467 2373 77 styles style NNS 20467 2373 78 3 3 CD 20467 2373 79 or or CC 20467 2373 80 4 4 CD 20467 2373 81 . . . 20467 2374 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2374 2 subglobose subglobose NN 20467 2374 3 , , , 20467 2374 4 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2374 5 rather rather RB 20467 2374 6 longer long RBR 20467 2374 7 than than IN 20467 2374 8 broad broad JJ 20467 2374 9 , , , 20467 2374 10 dark dark JJ 20467 2374 11 crimson crimson NN 20467 2374 12 , , , 20467 2374 13 marked mark VBN 20467 2374 14 with with IN 20467 2374 15 scattered scatter VBN 20467 2374 16 dark dark JJ 20467 2374 17 dots dot NNS 20467 2374 18 , , , 20467 2374 19 about about RB 20467 2374 20 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2374 21 inch inch NN 20467 2374 22 in in IN 20467 2374 23 diameter diameter NN 20467 2374 24 , , , 20467 2374 25 with with IN 20467 2374 26 thin thin JJ 20467 2374 27 , , , 20467 2374 28 sweet sweet JJ 20467 2374 29 , , , 20467 2374 30 dry dry JJ 20467 2374 31 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2374 32 flesh flesh NN 20467 2374 33 ; ; : 20467 2374 34 nutlets nutlet NNS 20467 2374 35 3 3 CD 20467 2374 36 or or CC 20467 2374 37 4 4 CD 20467 2374 38 , , , 20467 2374 39 about about RB 20467 2374 40 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 2374 41 inch inch NN 20467 2374 42 long long RB 20467 2374 43 , , , 20467 2374 44 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2374 45 ridged ridge VBN 20467 2374 46 on on IN 20467 2374 47 the the DT 20467 2374 48 back back NN 20467 2374 49 with with IN 20467 2374 50 high high JJ 20467 2374 51 grooved grooved JJ 20467 2374 52 ridges ridge NNS 20467 2374 53 . . . 20467 2375 1 " " `` 20467 2375 2 A a DT 20467 2375 3 low low JJ 20467 2375 4 , , , 20467 2375 5 bushy bushy JJ 20467 2375 6 tree tree NN 20467 2375 7 , , , 20467 2375 8 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2375 9 20 20 CD 20467 2375 10 feet foot NNS 20467 2375 11 in in IN 20467 2375 12 height height NN 20467 2375 13 with with IN 20467 2375 14 a a DT 20467 2375 15 short short JJ 20467 2375 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 2375 17 8 8 CD 20467 2375 18 - - SYM 20467 2375 19 10 10 CD 20467 2375 20 inches inch NNS 20467 2375 21 in in IN 20467 2375 22 diameter diameter NN 20467 2375 23 , , , 20467 2375 24 or or CC 20467 2375 25 more more RBR 20467 2375 26 frequently frequently RB 20467 2375 27 shrubby shrubby JJ 20467 2375 28 and and CC 20467 2375 29 forming form VBG 20467 2375 30 wide wide JJ 20467 2375 31 dense dense JJ 20467 2375 32 thickets thicket NNS 20467 2375 33 , , , 20467 2375 34 and and CC 20467 2375 35 with with IN 20467 2375 36 stout stout RB 20467 2375 37 more more RBR 20467 2375 38 or or CC 20467 2375 39 less less JJR 20467 2375 40 zigzag zigzag NN 20467 2375 41 branches branch NNS 20467 2375 42 bright bright JJ 20467 2375 43 chestnut chestnut NNP 20467 2375 44 brown brown JJ 20467 2375 45 and and CC 20467 2375 46 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 2375 47 during during IN 20467 2375 48 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2375 49 first first JJ 20467 2375 50 year year NN 20467 2375 51 , , , 20467 2375 52 ashy ashy JJ 20467 2375 53 - - HYPH 20467 2375 54 gray gray JJ 20467 2375 55 during during IN 20467 2375 56 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2375 57 second second JJ 20467 2375 58 season season NN 20467 2375 59 and and CC 20467 2375 60 armed arm VBN 20467 2375 61 with with IN 20467 2375 62 many many JJ 20467 2375 63 stout stout NN 20467 2375 64 , , , 20467 2375 65 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 2375 66 - - HYPH 20467 2375 67 brown brown JJ 20467 2375 68 , , , 20467 2375 69 straight straight JJ 20467 2375 70 or or CC 20467 2375 71 curved curved JJ 20467 2375 72 spines spine NNS 20467 2375 73 1 1 CD 20467 2375 74 - - HYPH 20467 2375 75 1 1 CD 20467 2375 76 - - HYPH 20467 2375 77 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2375 78 inches inch NNS 20467 2375 79 long long JJ 20467 2375 80 . . . 20467 2376 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 2376 2 late late JJ 20467 2376 3 in in IN 20467 2376 4 May. May NNP 20467 2377 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2377 2 ripens ripen VBZ 20467 2377 3 and and CC 20467 2377 4 falls fall VBZ 20467 2377 5 toward toward IN 20467 2377 6 the the DT 20467 2377 7 end end NN 20467 2377 8 of of IN 20467 2377 9 October October NNP 20467 2377 10 , , , 20467 2377 11 usually usually RB 20467 2377 12 after after IN 20467 2377 13 the the DT 20467 2377 14 leaves leave NNS 20467 2377 15 . . . 20467 2378 1 " " `` 20467 2378 2 Slopes slope NNS 20467 2378 3 of of IN 20467 2378 4 hills hill NNS 20467 2378 5 and and CC 20467 2378 6 the the DT 20467 2378 7 high high JJ 20467 2378 8 banks bank NNS 20467 2378 9 of of IN 20467 2378 10 salt salt NN 20467 2378 11 marshes marsh NNS 20467 2378 12 usually usually RB 20467 2378 13 in in IN 20467 2378 14 rich rich JJ 20467 2378 15 , , , 20467 2378 16 well well RB 20467 2378 17 - - HYPH 20467 2378 18 drained drain VBN 20467 2378 19 soil soil NN 20467 2378 20 , , , 20467 2378 21 Essex Essex NNP 20467 2378 22 county county NN 20467 2378 23 , , , 20467 2378 24 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 2378 25 , , , 20467 2378 26 John John NNP 20467 2378 27 Robinson Robinson NNP 20467 2378 28 , , , 20467 2378 29 1900 1900 CD 20467 2378 30 ; ; : 20467 2378 31 Gerrish gerrish JJ 20467 2378 32 island island NN 20467 2378 33 , , , 20467 2378 34 Maine Maine NNP 20467 2378 35 , , , 20467 2378 36 J. J. NNP 20467 2378 37 G. G. NNP 20467 2378 38 Jack Jack NNP 20467 2378 39 , , , 20467 2378 40 1899 1899 CD 20467 2378 41 - - SYM 20467 2378 42 1900 1900 CD 20467 2378 43 ; ; : 20467 2378 44 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 2378 45 , , , 20467 2378 46 Maine Maine NNP 20467 2378 47 , , , 20467 2378 48 Miss Miss NNP 20467 2378 49 Kate Kate NNP 20467 2378 50 Furbish Furbish NNP 20467 2378 51 , , , 20467 2378 52 May May NNP 20467 2378 53 , , , 20467 2378 54 1899 1899 CD 20467 2378 55 ; ; : 20467 2378 56 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 2378 57 , , , 20467 2378 58 A. a. NN 20467 2378 59 C. C. NNP 20467 2378 60 Waghorne Waghorne NNP 20467 2378 61 , , , 20467 2378 62 1894 1894 CD 20467 2378 63 . . . 20467 2379 1 " " `` 20467 2379 2 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2379 3 1 1 CD 20467 2379 4 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2379 5 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2379 6 Footnote footnote NN 20467 2379 7 1 1 CD 20467 2379 8 : : : 20467 2379 9 Prof. Prof. NNP 20467 2379 10 C. C. NNP 20467 2379 11 S. S. NNP 20467 2379 12 Sargent Sargent NNP 20467 2379 13 in in IN 20467 2379 14 _ _ NNP 20467 2379 15 Bot Bot NNP 20467 2379 16 . . . 20467 2380 1 Gaz Gaz NNP 20467 2380 2 . . . 20467 2380 3 _ _ NNP 20467 2380 4 , , , 20467 2380 5 XXXI XXXI NNP 20467 2380 6 , , , 20467 2380 7 12 12 CD 20467 2380 8 . . . 20467 2381 1 By by IN 20467 2381 2 permission permission NN 20467 2381 3 of of IN 20467 2381 4 the the DT 20467 2381 5 publishers publisher NNS 20467 2381 6 . . . 20467 2381 7 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2382 1 = = NFP 20467 2382 2 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2382 3 mollis molli NNS 20467 2382 4 , , , 20467 2382 5 Scheele.= Scheele.= NNP 20467 2382 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2382 7 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2382 8 subvillosa subvillosa NN 20467 2382 9 , , , 20467 2382 10 Schr Schr NNP 20467 2382 11 . . . 20467 2383 1 Cratægus cratægus JJ 20467 2383 2 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 2383 3 , , , 20467 2383 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2383 5 var var NN 20467 2383 6 . . . 20467 2384 1 _ _ NNP 20467 2384 2 mollis mollis NNP 20467 2384 3 , , , 20467 2384 4 T. T. NNP 20467 2384 5 & & CC 20467 2384 6 G. G. NNP 20467 2384 7 _ _ NNP 20467 2384 8 THORN THORN NNP 20467 2384 9 . . . 20467 2385 1 = = NFP 20467 2385 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2385 3 and and CC 20467 2385 4 Range.=--Bordering range.=--bordere VBG 20467 2385 5 on on IN 20467 2385 6 low low JJ 20467 2385 7 lands land NNS 20467 2385 8 and and CC 20467 2385 9 along along IN 20467 2385 10 streams stream NNS 20467 2385 11 . . . 20467 2386 1 Provinces province NNS 20467 2386 2 of of IN 20467 2386 3 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 2386 4 and and CC 20467 2386 5 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2386 6 . . . 20467 2387 1 Maine,--as Maine,--as NNP 20467 2387 2 far far RB 20467 2387 3 north north RB 20467 2387 4 as as IN 20467 2387 5 Mattawamkeag Mattawamkeag NNP 20467 2387 6 on on IN 20467 2387 7 the the DT 20467 2387 8 middle middle JJ 20467 2387 9 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 2387 10 , , , 20467 2387 11 Dover Dover NNP 20467 2387 12 on on IN 20467 2387 13 the the DT 20467 2387 14 Piscataquis Piscataquis NNP 20467 2387 15 , , , 20467 2387 16 and and CC 20467 2387 17 Orono Orono NNP 20467 2387 18 on on IN 20467 2387 19 the the DT 20467 2387 20 lower low JJR 20467 2387 21 Penobscot Penobscot NNS 20467 2387 22 ; ; , 20467 2387 23 reported report VBN 20467 2387 24 also also RB 20467 2387 25 from from IN 20467 2387 26 southern southern JJ 20467 2387 27 sections section NNS 20467 2387 28 ; ; : 20467 2387 29 Vermont,--Charlotte Vermont,--Charlotte NNP 20467 2387 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2387 31 Hosford Hosford NNP 20467 2387 32 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2387 33 ; ; : 20467 2387 34 Massachusetts,--in Massachusetts,--in NNP 20467 2387 35 the the DT 20467 2387 36 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2387 37 part part NN 20467 2387 38 infrequent infrequent NN 20467 2387 39 ; ; : 20467 2387 40 no no DT 20467 2387 41 stations station NNS 20467 2387 42 reported report VBN 20467 2387 43 in in IN 20467 2387 44 the the DT 20467 2387 45 other other JJ 20467 2387 46 New New NNP 20467 2387 47 England England NNP 20467 2387 48 states state NNS 20467 2387 49 . . . 20467 2388 1 South south RB 20467 2388 2 to to IN 20467 2388 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 2388 4 , , , 20467 2388 5 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 20467 2388 6 , , , 20467 2388 7 and and CC 20467 2388 8 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2388 9 ; ; : 20467 2388 10 west west NN 20467 2388 11 to to IN 20467 2388 12 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 2388 13 and and CC 20467 2388 14 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2388 15 . . . 20467 2389 1 = = NFP 20467 2389 2 Habit.=--Shrub habit.=--shrub UH 20467 2389 3 or or CC 20467 2389 4 often often RB 20467 2389 5 a a DT 20467 2389 6 small small JJ 20467 2389 7 tree tree NN 20467 2389 8 , , , 20467 2389 9 20 20 CD 20467 2389 10 - - SYM 20467 2389 11 30 30 CD 20467 2389 12 feet foot NNS 20467 2389 13 high high JJ 20467 2389 14 , , , 20467 2389 15 with with IN 20467 2389 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 2389 17 6 6 CD 20467 2389 18 - - SYM 20467 2389 19 12 12 CD 20467 2389 20 inches inch NNS 20467 2389 21 in in IN 20467 2389 22 diameter diameter NN 20467 2389 23 , , , 20467 2389 24 often often RB 20467 2389 25 with with IN 20467 2389 26 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2389 27 suckers sucker NNS 20467 2389 28 ; ; : 20467 2389 29 branches branch NNS 20467 2389 30 at at IN 20467 2389 31 4 4 CD 20467 2389 32 - - SYM 20467 2389 33 6 6 CD 20467 2389 34 feet foot NNS 20467 2389 35 from from IN 20467 2389 36 the the DT 20467 2389 37 ground ground NN 20467 2389 38 , , , 20467 2389 39 at at IN 20467 2389 40 an an DT 20467 2389 41 acute acute JJ 20467 2389 42 angle angle NN 20467 2389 43 with with IN 20467 2389 44 the the DT 20467 2389 45 stem stem NN 20467 2389 46 , , , 20467 2389 47 lower lower RBR 20467 2389 48 often often RB 20467 2389 49 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2389 50 or or CC 20467 2389 51 declining decline VBG 20467 2389 52 ; ; : 20467 2389 53 head head NN 20467 2389 54 spreading spread VBG 20467 2389 55 , , , 20467 2389 56 widest wide JJS 20467 2389 57 at at IN 20467 2389 58 base base NN 20467 2389 59 , , , 20467 2389 60 spray spray VB 20467 2389 61 short short JJ 20467 2389 62 , , , 20467 2389 63 angular angular JJ 20467 2389 64 , , , 20467 2389 65 and and CC 20467 2389 66 bushy bushy JJ 20467 2389 67 ; ; : 20467 2389 68 thorns thorn NNS 20467 2389 69 slender slender NN 20467 2389 70 , , , 20467 2389 71 1 1 CD 20467 2389 72 - - SYM 20467 2389 73 3 3 CD 20467 2389 74 inches inch NNS 20467 2389 75 long long JJ 20467 2389 76 , , , 20467 2389 77 straight straight JJ 20467 2389 78 or or CC 20467 2389 79 slightly slightly RB 20467 2389 80 recurved recurve VBN 20467 2389 81 . . . 20467 2390 1 = = NFP 20467 2390 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2390 3 of of IN 20467 2390 4 the the DT 20467 2390 5 whole whole JJ 20467 2390 6 tree tree NN 20467 2390 7 , , , 20467 2390 8 except except IN 20467 2390 9 the the DT 20467 2390 10 ultimate ultimate JJ 20467 2390 11 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2390 12 , , , 20467 2390 13 light light JJ 20467 2390 14 gray gray NN 20467 2390 15 , , , 20467 2390 16 on on IN 20467 2390 17 the the DT 20467 2390 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 2390 19 and and CC 20467 2390 20 larger large JJR 20467 2390 21 branches branch NNS 20467 2390 22 separating separate VBG 20467 2390 23 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 2390 24 into into IN 20467 2390 25 thin thin JJ 20467 2390 26 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2390 27 plates plate NNS 20467 2390 28 , , , 20467 2390 29 in in IN 20467 2390 30 old old JJ 20467 2390 31 trees tree NNS 20467 2390 32 dark dark JJ 20467 2390 33 gray gray JJ 20467 2390 34 and and CC 20467 2390 35 more more JJR 20467 2390 36 or or CC 20467 2390 37 less less RBR 20467 2390 38 shreddy shreddy JJ 20467 2390 39 ; ; : 20467 2390 40 season season NN 20467 2390 41 's 's POS 20467 2390 42 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2390 43 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2390 44 or or CC 20467 2390 45 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2390 46 - - HYPH 20467 2390 47 brown brown JJ 20467 2390 48 , , , 20467 2390 49 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2390 50 . . . 20467 2391 1 = = NFP 20467 2391 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2391 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2391 4 and and CC 20467 2391 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2391 6 small small JJ 20467 2391 7 , , , 20467 2391 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2391 9 , , , 20467 2391 10 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2391 11 - - HYPH 20467 2391 12 brown brown JJ 20467 2391 13 , , , 20467 2391 14 shining shine VBG 20467 2391 15 ; ; : 20467 2391 16 scales scale VBZ 20467 2391 17 broad broad JJ 20467 2391 18 , , , 20467 2391 19 glandular glandular NNP 20467 2391 20 - - HYPH 20467 2391 21 edged edged JJ 20467 2391 22 . . . 20467 2392 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2392 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2392 3 , , , 20467 2392 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2392 5 , , , 20467 2392 6 3 3 CD 20467 2392 7 - - SYM 20467 2392 8 5 5 CD 20467 2392 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2392 10 long long JJ 20467 2392 11 , , , 20467 2392 12 light light JJ 20467 2392 13 green green JJ 20467 2392 14 above above RB 20467 2392 15 , , , 20467 2392 16 lighter light JJR 20467 2392 17 beneath beneath IN 20467 2392 18 , , , 20467 2392 19 broad broad JJ 20467 2392 20 - - HYPH 20467 2392 21 ovate ovate NN 20467 2392 22 to to IN 20467 2392 23 broad broad JJ 20467 2392 24 - - HYPH 20467 2392 25 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 2392 26 ; ; : 20467 2392 27 rather rather RB 20467 2392 28 regularly regularly RB 20467 2392 29 and and CC 20467 2392 30 slightly slightly RB 20467 2392 31 incised incise VBN 20467 2392 32 with with IN 20467 2392 33 fine fine JJ 20467 2392 34 , , , 20467 2392 35 glandular glandular NN 20467 2392 36 - - HYPH 20467 2392 37 tipped tip VBN 20467 2392 38 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2392 39 ; ; : 20467 2392 40 apex apex NNP 20467 2392 41 acute acute NNP 20467 2392 42 ; ; : 20467 2392 43 base base NNP 20467 2392 44 wedge wedge NN 20467 2392 45 - - HYPH 20467 2392 46 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2392 47 , , , 20467 2392 48 truncate truncate JJ 20467 2392 49 , , , 20467 2392 50 or or CC 20467 2392 51 subcordate subcordate JJ 20467 2392 52 ; ; : 20467 2392 53 roughish roughish JJ 20467 2392 54 above above RB 20467 2392 55 and and CC 20467 2392 56 slightly slightly RB 20467 2392 57 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2392 58 beneath beneath IN 20467 2392 59 , , , 20467 2392 60 especially especially RB 20467 2392 61 along along IN 20467 2392 62 the the DT 20467 2392 63 veins vein NNS 20467 2392 64 ; ; : 20467 2392 65 leaf leaf NN 20467 2392 66 - - HYPH 20467 2392 67 stalk stalk NN 20467 2392 68 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2392 69 ; ; : 20467 2392 70 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2392 71 linear linear NNP 20467 2392 72 , , , 20467 2392 73 glandular glandular NNP 20467 2392 74 - - HYPH 20467 2392 75 edged edged JJ 20467 2392 76 , , , 20467 2392 77 deciduous deciduous JJ 20467 2392 78 . . . 20467 2393 1 = = NFP 20467 2393 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may NN 20467 2393 3 to to IN 20467 2393 4 June June NNP 20467 2393 5 . . . 20467 2394 1 In in IN 20467 2394 2 cymes cyme NNS 20467 2394 3 from from IN 20467 2394 4 the the DT 20467 2394 5 season season NN 20467 2394 6 's 's POS 20467 2394 7 growth growth NN 20467 2394 8 ; ; : 20467 2394 9 flowers flower NNS 20467 2394 10 white white JJ 20467 2394 11 , , , 20467 2394 12 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2394 13 inch inch NN 20467 2394 14 broad broad JJ 20467 2394 15 , , , 20467 2394 16 ill ill RB 20467 2394 17 - - HYPH 20467 2394 18 smelling smelling NN 20467 2394 19 ; ; : 20467 2394 20 calyx calyx NN 20467 2394 21 lobes lob VBZ 20467 2394 22 5 5 CD 20467 2394 23 , , , 20467 2394 24 often often RB 20467 2394 25 incised incised JJ 20467 2394 26 , , , 20467 2394 27 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2394 28 ; ; : 20467 2394 29 petals petal NNS 20467 2394 30 roundish roundish VBP 20467 2394 31 ; ; , 20467 2394 32 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2394 33 indefinite indefinite NNS 20467 2394 34 , , , 20467 2394 35 styles style NNS 20467 2394 36 3 3 CD 20467 2394 37 - - SYM 20467 2394 38 5 5 CD 20467 2394 39 ; ; : 20467 2394 40 flower flower NN 20467 2394 41 stems stem VBZ 20467 2394 42 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2394 43 ; ; : 20467 2394 44 bracts bract NNS 20467 2394 45 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2394 46 . . . 20467 2395 1 = = NFP 20467 2395 2 Fruit.=--A fruit.=--a JJ 20467 2395 3 drupe drupe NN 20467 2395 4 - - HYPH 20467 2395 5 like like JJ 20467 2395 6 pome pome NN 20467 2395 7 , , , 20467 2395 8 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2395 9 - - SYM 20467 2395 10 1 1 CD 20467 2395 11 inch inch NN 20467 2395 12 long long JJ 20467 2395 13 , , , 20467 2395 14 bright bright JJ 20467 2395 15 scarlet scarlet NN 20467 2395 16 , , , 20467 2395 17 larger large JJR 20467 2395 18 than than IN 20467 2395 19 the the DT 20467 2395 20 fruit fruit NN 20467 2395 21 of of IN 20467 2395 22 the the DT 20467 2395 23 other other JJ 20467 2395 24 New New NNP 20467 2395 25 England England NNP 20467 2395 26 species specie NNS 20467 2395 27 ; ; : 20467 2395 28 ripens ripens NNP 20467 2395 29 and and CC 20467 2395 30 falls fall VBZ 20467 2395 31 in in IN 20467 2395 32 September September NNP 20467 2395 33 . . . 20467 2396 1 = = NFP 20467 2396 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2396 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2396 4 in in IN 20467 2396 5 New New NNP 20467 2396 6 England England NNP 20467 2396 7 . . . 20467 2397 1 An an DT 20467 2397 2 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2397 3 and and CC 20467 2397 4 useful useful JJ 20467 2397 5 tree tree NN 20467 2397 6 in in IN 20467 2397 7 low low JJ 20467 2397 8 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2397 9 ; ; , 20467 2397 10 rarely rarely RB 20467 2397 11 for for IN 20467 2397 12 sale sale NN 20467 2397 13 by by IN 20467 2397 14 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 2397 15 or or CC 20467 2397 16 collectors collector NNS 20467 2397 17 ; ; , 20467 2397 18 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2397 19 from from IN 20467 2397 20 the the DT 20467 2397 21 seed seed NN 20467 2397 22 . . . 20467 2398 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2398 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2398 3 : : : 20467 2398 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2398 5 LX.--Cratægus LX.--Cratægus NNP 20467 2398 6 mollis mollis NNP 20467 2398 7 . . . 20467 2398 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2399 1 1 1 LS 20467 2399 2 . . . 20467 2400 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2400 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2400 3 . . . 20467 2401 1 2 2 LS 20467 2401 2 . . . 20467 2402 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2402 2 with with IN 20467 2402 3 thorns thorn NNS 20467 2402 4 . . . 20467 2403 1 3 3 LS 20467 2403 2 . . . 20467 2404 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2404 2 branch branch NN 20467 2404 3 . . . 20467 2405 1 4 4 LS 20467 2405 2 . . . 20467 2406 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2406 2 with with IN 20467 2406 3 part part NN 20467 2406 4 of of IN 20467 2406 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2406 6 and and CC 20467 2406 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2406 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2406 9 . . . 20467 2407 1 5 5 CD 20467 2407 2 . . . 20467 2408 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2408 2 branch branch NN 20467 2408 3 . . . 20467 2409 1 = = NFP 20467 2409 2 Note.=--The Note.=--The NNP 20467 2409 3 New New NNP 20467 2409 4 England England NNP 20467 2409 5 plants plant NNS 20467 2409 6 here here RB 20467 2409 7 put put VBP 20467 2409 8 under under IN 20467 2409 9 the the DT 20467 2409 10 head head NN 20467 2409 11 of of IN 20467 2409 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2409 13 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2409 14 mollis mollis NNP 20467 2409 15 _ _ NNP 20467 2409 16 have have VBP 20467 2409 17 been be VBN 20467 2409 18 referred refer VBN 20467 2409 19 by by IN 20467 2409 20 Prof. Prof. NNP 20467 2409 21 C. C. NNP 20467 2409 22 S. S. NNP 20467 2409 23 Sargent Sargent NNP 20467 2409 24 to to IN 20467 2409 25 _ _ NNP 20467 2409 26 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2409 27 submollis submolli VBD 20467 2409 28 _ _ NNP 20467 2409 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2409 30 _ _ NNP 20467 2409 31 Bot Bot NNP 20467 2409 32 . . . 20467 2410 1 Gaz Gaz NNP 20467 2410 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2410 3 . . NNP 20467 2410 4 , , , 20467 2410 5 XXXI XXXI NNP 20467 2410 6 , , , 20467 2410 7 7 7 CD 20467 2410 8 , , , 20467 2410 9 1901 1901 CD 20467 2410 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2410 11 . . . 20467 2411 1 The the DT 20467 2411 2 new new JJ 20467 2411 3 species species NN 20467 2411 4 differs differ VBZ 20467 2411 5 from from IN 20467 2411 6 the the DT 20467 2411 7 true true JJ 20467 2411 8 _ _ NNP 20467 2411 9 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 2411 10 mollis mollis NNP 20467 2411 11 _ _ NNP 20467 2411 12 in in IN 20467 2411 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2411 14 smaller small JJR 20467 2411 15 ovate ovate NN 20467 2411 16 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2411 17 with with IN 20467 2411 18 cuneate cuneate JJ 20467 2411 19 base base NN 20467 2411 20 and and CC 20467 2411 21 more more RBR 20467 2411 22 or or CC 20467 2411 23 less less RBR 20467 2411 24 winged winged JJ 20467 2411 25 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2411 26 , , , 20467 2411 27 in in IN 20467 2411 28 the the DT 20467 2411 29 smaller small JJR 20467 2411 30 number number NN 20467 2411 31 of of IN 20467 2411 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2411 33 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2411 34 , , , 20467 2411 35 usually usually RB 20467 2411 36 10 10 CD 20467 2411 37 , , , 20467 2411 38 and and CC 20467 2411 39 in in IN 20467 2411 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2411 41 pear pear NN 20467 2411 42 - - HYPH 20467 2411 43 shaped shape VBN 20467 2411 44 orange orange JJ 20467 2411 45 - - HYPH 20467 2411 46 red red JJ 20467 2411 47 fruit fruit NN 20467 2411 48 , , , 20467 2411 49 which which WDT 20467 2411 50 drops drop VBZ 20467 2411 51 in in IN 20467 2411 52 early early JJ 20467 2411 53 September September NNP 20467 2411 54 . . . 20467 2412 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2412 2 is be VBZ 20467 2412 3 also also RB 20467 2412 4 probable probable JJ 20467 2412 5 that that IN 20467 2412 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2412 7 C. C. NNP 20467 2413 1 Arnoldiana Arnoldiana NNP 20467 2413 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2413 3 , , , 20467 2413 4 Sargent Sargent NNP 20467 2413 5 , , , 20467 2413 6 new new JJ 20467 2413 7 species specie NNS 20467 2413 8 , , , 20467 2413 9 has have VBZ 20467 2413 10 been be VBN 20467 2413 11 collected collect VBN 20467 2413 12 in in IN 20467 2413 13 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 2413 14 as as IN 20467 2413 15 _ _ NNP 20467 2413 16 C. C. NNP 20467 2414 1 mollis mollis NNP 20467 2414 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2414 3 . . . 20467 2415 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2415 2 differs differ VBZ 20467 2415 3 from from IN 20467 2415 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2415 5 C. C. NNP 20467 2416 1 submollis submollis NNP 20467 2416 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2416 3 " " `` 20467 2416 4 in in IN 20467 2416 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2416 6 broader broad JJR 20467 2416 7 , , , 20467 2416 8 darker dark JJR 20467 2416 9 green green JJ 20467 2416 10 , , , 20467 2416 11 more more RBR 20467 2416 12 villose villose NN 20467 2416 13 leaves leave NNS 20467 2416 14 which which WDT 20467 2416 15 are be VBP 20467 2416 16 usually usually RB 20467 2416 17 rounded round VBN 20467 2416 18 , , , 20467 2416 19 not not RB 20467 2416 20 cuneate cuneate JJ 20467 2416 21 at at IN 20467 2416 22 the the DT 20467 2416 23 base base NN 20467 2416 24 , , , 20467 2416 25 in in IN 20467 2416 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2416 27 smaller small JJR 20467 2416 28 flowers flower NNS 20467 2416 29 , , , 20467 2416 30 subglobose subglobose NN 20467 2416 31 , , , 20467 2416 32 not not RB 20467 2416 33 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2416 34 or or CC 20467 2416 35 pear pear NN 20467 2416 36 - - HYPH 20467 2416 37 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2416 38 , , , 20467 2416 39 crimson crimson NNP 20467 2416 40 fruit fruit NN 20467 2416 41 with with IN 20467 2416 42 smaller small JJR 20467 2416 43 spreading spreading NN 20467 2416 44 calyx calyx NN 20467 2416 45 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2416 46 , , , 20467 2416 47 borne bear VBN 20467 2416 48 on on IN 20467 2416 49 shorter short JJR 20467 2416 50 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 2416 51 and and CC 20467 2416 52 ripening ripen VBG 20467 2416 53 two two CD 20467 2416 54 or or CC 20467 2416 55 three three CD 20467 2416 56 weeks week NNS 20467 2416 57 earlier early RBR 20467 2416 58 , , , 20467 2416 59 and and CC 20467 2416 60 by by IN 20467 2416 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2416 62 much much RB 20467 2416 63 more more JJR 20467 2416 64 zigzag zigzag NNS 20467 2416 65 and and CC 20467 2416 66 more more JJR 20467 2416 67 spiny spiny JJ 20467 2416 68 branches branch NNS 20467 2416 69 , , , 20467 2416 70 which which WDT 20467 2416 71 make make VBP 20467 2416 72 this this DT 20467 2416 73 tree tree NN 20467 2416 74 particularly particularly RB 20467 2416 75 noticeable noticeable JJ 20467 2416 76 in in IN 20467 2416 77 winter winter NN 20467 2416 78 , , , 20467 2416 79 when when WRB 20467 2416 80 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2416 81 may may MD 20467 2416 82 readily readily RB 20467 2416 83 be be VB 20467 2416 84 recognized recognize VBN 20467 2416 85 from from IN 20467 2416 86 all all DT 20467 2416 87 other other JJ 20467 2416 88 thorn thorn NN 20467 2416 89 trees tree NNS 20467 2416 90 . . . 20467 2416 91 "--C. "--C. '' 20467 2417 1 S. S. NNP 20467 2417 2 Sargent Sargent NNP 20467 2417 3 in in IN 20467 2417 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2417 5 Bot Bot NNP 20467 2417 6 . . . 20467 2418 1 Gaz Gaz NNP 20467 2418 2 . . . 20467 2418 3 _ _ NNP 20467 2418 4 , , , 20467 2418 5 XXXI XXXI NNP 20467 2418 6 , , , 20467 2418 7 223 223 CD 20467 2418 8 , , , 20467 2418 9 1901 1901 CD 20467 2418 10 . . . 20467 2419 1 DRUPACEÆ DRUPACEÆ NNP 20467 2419 2 . . . 20467 2420 1 PLUM PLUM NNP 20467 2420 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2420 3 . . . 20467 2421 1 Trees tree NNS 20467 2421 2 or or CC 20467 2421 3 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 2421 4 ; ; : 20467 2421 5 bark bark NN 20467 2421 6 exuding exuding NN 20467 2421 7 gum gum NN 20467 2421 8 ; ; , 20467 2421 9 bark bark NN 20467 2421 10 , , , 20467 2421 11 leaves leave NNS 20467 2421 12 , , , 20467 2421 13 and and CC 20467 2421 14 especially especially RB 20467 2421 15 seeds seed NNS 20467 2421 16 of of IN 20467 2421 17 several several JJ 20467 2421 18 species specie NNS 20467 2421 19 abounding abound VBG 20467 2421 20 in in IN 20467 2421 21 prussic prussic JJ 20467 2421 22 acid acid NN 20467 2421 23 ; ; : 20467 2421 24 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2421 25 simple simple JJ 20467 2421 26 , , , 20467 2421 27 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2421 28 , , , 20467 2421 29 mostly mostly RB 20467 2421 30 serrate serrate JJ 20467 2421 31 ; ; : 20467 2421 32 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2421 33 small small JJ 20467 2421 34 , , , 20467 2421 35 soon soon RB 20467 2421 36 falling fall VBG 20467 2421 37 ; ; : 20467 2421 38 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2421 39 often often RB 20467 2421 40 with with IN 20467 2421 41 one one CD 20467 2421 42 to to IN 20467 2421 43 several several JJ 20467 2421 44 glands gland NNS 20467 2421 45 ; ; : 20467 2421 46 flowers flower NNS 20467 2421 47 in in IN 20467 2421 48 umbels umbel NNS 20467 2421 49 , , , 20467 2421 50 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2421 51 , , , 20467 2421 52 or or CC 20467 2421 53 solitary solitary JJ 20467 2421 54 , , , 20467 2421 55 regular regular JJ 20467 2421 56 ; ; : 20467 2421 57 calyx calyx NN 20467 2421 58 tube tube NN 20467 2421 59 free free JJ 20467 2421 60 from from IN 20467 2421 61 the the DT 20467 2421 62 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2421 63 , , , 20467 2421 64 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2421 65 ; ; : 20467 2421 66 petals petal NNS 20467 2421 67 5 5 CD 20467 2421 68 , , , 20467 2421 69 inserted insert VBN 20467 2421 70 on on IN 20467 2421 71 the the DT 20467 2421 72 calyx calyx NN 20467 2421 73 ; ; , 20467 2421 74 stamens stamens NNP 20467 2421 75 indefinite indefinite NNP 20467 2421 76 , , , 20467 2421 77 distinct distinct JJ 20467 2421 78 , , , 20467 2421 79 inserted insert VBN 20467 2421 80 with with IN 20467 2421 81 the the DT 20467 2421 82 petals petal NNS 20467 2421 83 ; ; : 20467 2421 84 pistil pistil NNP 20467 2421 85 1 1 CD 20467 2421 86 , , , 20467 2421 87 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2421 88 with with IN 20467 2421 89 1 1 CD 20467 2421 90 carpel carpel NN 20467 2421 91 , , , 20467 2421 92 1-seeded 1-seeded CD 20467 2421 93 ; ; : 20467 2421 94 fruit fruit NN 20467 2421 95 a a DT 20467 2421 96 more more RBR 20467 2421 97 or or CC 20467 2421 98 less less JJR 20467 2421 99 fleshy fleshy NN 20467 2421 100 drupe drupe NN 20467 2421 101 . . . 20467 2422 1 = = NFP 20467 2422 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2422 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 2422 4 , , , 20467 2422 5 Ait.= Ait.= NNP 20467 2422 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2422 7 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2422 8 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2422 9 _ _ NNP 20467 2422 10 , , , 20467 2422 11 var var NN 20467 2422 12 . . . 20467 2423 1 _ _ NNP 20467 2423 2 nigra nigra NNP 20467 2423 3 , , , 20467 2423 4 Waugh Waugh NNP 20467 2423 5 . . . 20467 2423 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2423 7 WILD WILD NNP 20467 2423 8 PLUM PLUM NNP 20467 2423 9 . . . 20467 2424 1 RED RED NNP 20467 2424 2 PLUM PLUM NNP 20467 2424 3 . . . 20467 2425 1 HORSE horse NN 20467 2425 2 PLUM PLUM VBN 20467 2425 3 . . . 20467 2426 1 CANADA CANADA NNP 20467 2426 2 PLUM PLUM NNP 20467 2426 3 . . . 20467 2427 1 = = NFP 20467 2427 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2427 3 and and CC 20467 2427 4 Range.=--Native range.=--native NN 20467 2427 5 along along IN 20467 2427 6 streams stream NNS 20467 2427 7 and and CC 20467 2427 8 in in IN 20467 2427 9 thickets thicket NNS 20467 2427 10 , , , 20467 2427 11 often often RB 20467 2427 12 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 2427 13 around around IN 20467 2427 14 dwellings dwelling NNS 20467 2427 15 and and CC 20467 2427 16 along along IN 20467 2427 17 fences fence NNS 20467 2427 18 . . . 20467 2428 1 From from IN 20467 2428 2 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 2428 3 through through IN 20467 2428 4 the the DT 20467 2428 5 valley valley NN 20467 2428 6 of of IN 20467 2428 7 the the DT 20467 2428 8 St. St. NNP 20467 2428 9 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 20467 2428 10 to to IN 20467 2428 11 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2428 12 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 2428 13 . . . 20467 2429 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 2429 2 in in IN 20467 2429 3 the the DT 20467 2429 4 northern northern JJ 20467 2429 5 sections section NNS 20467 2429 6 and and CC 20467 2429 7 common common JJ 20467 2429 8 throughout throughout IN 20467 2429 9 ; ; : 20467 2429 10 New New NNP 20467 2429 11 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 2429 12 and and CC 20467 2429 13 Vermont,--frequent Vermont,--frequent NNP 20467 2429 14 , , , 20467 2429 15 especially especially RB 20467 2429 16 in in IN 20467 2429 17 the the DT 20467 2429 18 northern northern JJ 20467 2429 19 sections section NNS 20467 2429 20 ; ; : 20467 2429 21 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 2429 22 ; ; : 20467 2429 23 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2429 24 Island Island NNP 20467 2429 25 and and CC 20467 2429 26 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 2429 27 reported report VBD 20467 2429 28 . . . 20467 2430 1 Rare rare JJ 20467 2430 2 south south NN 20467 2430 3 of of IN 20467 2430 4 New New NNP 20467 2430 5 England England NNP 20467 2430 6 ; ; : 20467 2430 7 west west NN 20467 2430 8 to to IN 20467 2430 9 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 20467 2430 10 . . . 20467 2431 1 = = NFP 20467 2431 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A JJS 20467 2431 3 shrub shrub JJ 20467 2431 4 or or CC 20467 2431 5 small small JJ 20467 2431 6 tree tree NN 20467 2431 7 , , , 20467 2431 8 20 20 CD 20467 2431 9 - - SYM 20467 2431 10 25 25 CD 20467 2431 11 feet foot NNS 20467 2431 12 high high JJ 20467 2431 13 ; ; : 20467 2431 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 2431 15 5 5 CD 20467 2431 16 - - SYM 20467 2431 17 8 8 CD 20467 2431 18 inches inch NNS 20467 2431 19 in in IN 20467 2431 20 diameter diameter NN 20467 2431 21 ; ; : 20467 2431 22 branches branch NNS 20467 2431 23 stout stout RB 20467 2431 24 , , , 20467 2431 25 ascending ascend VBG 20467 2431 26 , , , 20467 2431 27 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2431 28 angular angular JJ 20467 2431 29 , , , 20467 2431 30 with with IN 20467 2431 31 short short JJ 20467 2431 32 , , , 20467 2431 33 rigid rigid JJ 20467 2431 34 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2431 35 , , , 20467 2431 36 forming form VBG 20467 2431 37 a a DT 20467 2431 38 stiff stiff JJ 20467 2431 39 , , , 20467 2431 40 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2431 41 head head NN 20467 2431 42 . . . 20467 2432 1 = = NFP 20467 2432 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2432 3 of of IN 20467 2432 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 2432 5 grayish grayish NNP 20467 2432 6 - - HYPH 20467 2432 7 brown brown NNP 20467 2432 8 , , , 20467 2432 9 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2432 10 in in IN 20467 2432 11 young young JJ 20467 2432 12 trees tree NNS 20467 2432 13 , , , 20467 2432 14 in in IN 20467 2432 15 old old JJ 20467 2432 16 trees tree NNS 20467 2432 17 separating separate VBG 20467 2432 18 into into IN 20467 2432 19 large large JJ 20467 2432 20 plates plate NNS 20467 2432 21 ; ; : 20467 2432 22 smaller small JJR 20467 2432 23 branches branch NNS 20467 2432 24 dark dark JJ 20467 2432 25 brown brown NNP 20467 2432 26 , , , 20467 2432 27 season season NN 20467 2432 28 's 's POS 20467 2432 29 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2432 30 green green JJ 20467 2432 31 . . . 20467 2433 1 = = NFP 20467 2433 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2433 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2433 4 and and CC 20467 2433 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2433 6 small small JJ 20467 2433 7 , , , 20467 2433 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2433 9 , , , 20467 2433 10 acute acute JJ 20467 2433 11 , , , 20467 2433 12 dark dark JJ 20467 2433 13 brown brown NNP 20467 2433 14 . . . 20467 2434 1 Leaves Leaves NNP 20467 2434 2 3 3 CD 20467 2434 3 - - SYM 20467 2434 4 5 5 CD 20467 2434 5 inches inch NNS 20467 2434 6 long long JJ 20467 2434 7 , , , 20467 2434 8 light light JJ 20467 2434 9 green green NN 20467 2434 10 on on IN 20467 2434 11 the the DT 20467 2434 12 upper upper JJ 20467 2434 13 side side NN 20467 2434 14 , , , 20467 2434 15 paler paler NN 20467 2434 16 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2434 17 , , , 20467 2434 18 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2434 19 when when WRB 20467 2434 20 young young JJ 20467 2434 21 ; ; : 20467 2434 22 outline outline NN 20467 2434 23 ovate ovate NN 20467 2434 24 - - HYPH 20467 2434 25 obovate obovate NN 20467 2434 26 or or CC 20467 2434 27 orbicular orbicular JJ 20467 2434 28 , , , 20467 2434 29 crenulate crenulate NN 20467 2434 30 - - HYPH 20467 2434 31 serrate serrate NN 20467 2434 32 ; ; : 20467 2434 33 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2434 34 not not RB 20467 2434 35 bristle bristle NN 20467 2434 36 - - HYPH 20467 2434 37 tipped tip VBN 20467 2434 38 ; ; : 20467 2434 39 apex apex NNP 20467 2434 40 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 2434 41 acuminate acuminate VBP 20467 2434 42 ; ; : 20467 2434 43 base base NN 20467 2434 44 wedge wedge NN 20467 2434 45 - - HYPH 20467 2434 46 shaped shape VBN 20467 2434 47 , , , 20467 2434 48 rounded round VBD 20467 2434 49 , , , 20467 2434 50 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2434 51 heart heart NN 20467 2434 52 - - HYPH 20467 2434 53 shaped shape VBN 20467 2434 54 , , , 20467 2434 55 or or CC 20467 2434 56 narrowing narrow VBG 20467 2434 57 to to IN 20467 2434 58 a a DT 20467 2434 59 short short JJ 20467 2434 60 petiole petiole NN 20467 2434 61 more more RBR 20467 2434 62 or or CC 20467 2434 63 less less RBR 20467 2434 64 red red JJ 20467 2434 65 - - HYPH 20467 2434 66 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2434 67 near near IN 20467 2434 68 the the DT 20467 2434 69 blade blade NN 20467 2434 70 ; ; : 20467 2434 71 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2434 72 usually usually RB 20467 2434 73 linear linear VBP 20467 2434 74 , , , 20467 2434 75 ciliate ciliate NN 20467 2434 76 , , , 20467 2434 77 soon soon RB 20467 2434 78 falling fall VBG 20467 2434 79 . . . 20467 2435 1 = = NFP 20467 2435 2 Inflorescence.=--Appearing inflorescence.=--appeare VBG 20467 2435 3 in in IN 20467 2435 4 May May NNP 20467 2435 5 before before IN 20467 2435 6 the the DT 20467 2435 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 2435 8 , , , 20467 2435 9 in in IN 20467 2435 10 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2435 11 , , , 20467 2435 12 2 2 CD 20467 2435 13 - - SYM 20467 2435 14 3-flowered 3-flowered CD 20467 2435 15 , , , 20467 2435 16 slender slender NN 20467 2435 17 - - HYPH 20467 2435 18 stemmed stem VBN 20467 2435 19 umbels umbel NNS 20467 2435 20 ; ; : 20467 2435 21 flowers flower NNS 20467 2435 22 about about IN 20467 2435 23 an an DT 20467 2435 24 inch inch NN 20467 2435 25 broad broad JJ 20467 2435 26 , , , 20467 2435 27 white white JJ 20467 2435 28 when when WRB 20467 2435 29 expanding expand VBG 20467 2435 30 , , , 20467 2435 31 turning turn VBG 20467 2435 32 to to IN 20467 2435 33 pink pink NN 20467 2435 34 ; ; : 20467 2435 35 calyx calyx NN 20467 2435 36 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2435 37 , , , 20467 2435 38 glandular glandular NNP 20467 2435 39 ; ; : 20467 2435 40 petals petal NNS 20467 2435 41 5 5 CD 20467 2435 42 , , , 20467 2435 43 obovate obovate NN 20467 2435 44 - - HYPH 20467 2435 45 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2435 46 , , , 20467 2435 47 contracting contract VBG 20467 2435 48 to to IN 20467 2435 49 a a DT 20467 2435 50 claw claw NN 20467 2435 51 ; ; : 20467 2435 52 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2435 53 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2435 54 ; ; : 20467 2435 55 style style NN 20467 2435 56 1 1 CD 20467 2435 57 , , , 20467 2435 58 stigma stigma NNP 20467 2435 59 1 1 CD 20467 2435 60 . . . 20467 2436 1 = = NFP 20467 2436 2 Fruit.=--A Fruit.=--A NNS 20467 2436 3 drupe drupe NN 20467 2436 4 , , , 20467 2436 5 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2436 6 - - HYPH 20467 2436 7 oval oval JJ 20467 2436 8 , , , 20467 2436 9 1 1 CD 20467 2436 10 - - SYM 20467 2436 11 1 1 CD 20467 2436 12 - - HYPH 20467 2436 13 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2436 14 inches inch NNS 20467 2436 15 long long JJ 20467 2436 16 , , , 20467 2436 17 orange orange JJ 20467 2436 18 or or CC 20467 2436 19 orange orange JJ 20467 2436 20 - - HYPH 20467 2436 21 red red JJ 20467 2436 22 , , , 20467 2436 23 skin skin NN 20467 2436 24 tough tough JJ 20467 2436 25 , , , 20467 2436 26 flesh flesh NN 20467 2436 27 adherent adherent NN 20467 2436 28 to to IN 20467 2436 29 the the DT 20467 2436 30 flat flat JJ 20467 2436 31 stone stone NN 20467 2436 32 and and CC 20467 2436 33 pleasant pleasant JJ 20467 2436 34 to to IN 20467 2436 35 the the DT 20467 2436 36 taste taste NN 20467 2436 37 . . . 20467 2437 1 The the DT 20467 2437 2 fruit fruit NN 20467 2437 3 toward toward IN 20467 2437 4 the the DT 20467 2437 5 southern southern JJ 20467 2437 6 limit limit NN 20467 2437 7 of of IN 20467 2437 8 the the DT 20467 2437 9 species specie NNS 20467 2437 10 is be VBZ 20467 2437 11 often often RB 20467 2437 12 abortive abortive JJ 20467 2437 13 , , , 20467 2437 14 or or CC 20467 2437 15 develops develop VBZ 20467 2437 16 through through IN 20467 2437 17 the the DT 20467 2437 18 growth growth NN 20467 2437 19 of of IN 20467 2437 20 a a DT 20467 2437 21 fungus fungus NN 20467 2437 22 into into IN 20467 2437 23 monstrous monstrous JJ 20467 2437 24 forms form NNS 20467 2437 25 . . . 20467 2438 1 = = NFP 20467 2438 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2438 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2438 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2438 5 New New NNP 20467 2438 6 England England NNP 20467 2438 7 , , , 20467 2438 8 and and CC 20467 2438 9 will will MD 20467 2438 10 grow grow VB 20467 2438 11 , , , 20467 2438 12 when when WRB 20467 2438 13 not not RB 20467 2438 14 shaded shaded JJ 20467 2438 15 , , , 20467 2438 16 in in IN 20467 2438 17 almost almost RB 20467 2438 18 any any DT 20467 2438 19 dry dry JJ 20467 2438 20 or or CC 20467 2438 21 moist moist JJ 20467 2438 22 soil soil NN 20467 2438 23 . . . 20467 2439 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2439 2 has have VBZ 20467 2439 3 a a DT 20467 2439 4 tendency tendency NN 20467 2439 5 to to TO 20467 2439 6 sucker sucker VB 20467 2439 7 freely freely RB 20467 2439 8 , , , 20467 2439 9 forming form VBG 20467 2439 10 low low JJ 20467 2439 11 , , , 20467 2439 12 broad broad JJ 20467 2439 13 thickets thicket NNS 20467 2439 14 , , , 20467 2439 15 especially especially RB 20467 2439 16 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2439 17 from from IN 20467 2439 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2439 19 early early JJ 20467 2439 20 spring spring NN 20467 2439 21 flowers flower NNS 20467 2439 22 and and CC 20467 2439 23 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2439 24 autumn autumn NN 20467 2439 25 leaves leave NNS 20467 2439 26 . . . 20467 2440 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2440 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2440 3 : : : 20467 2440 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2440 5 LXI.--Prunus LXI.--Prunus NNP 20467 2440 6 nigra nigra NN 20467 2440 7 . . . 20467 2440 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2441 1 1 1 LS 20467 2441 2 . . . 20467 2442 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2442 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2442 3 . . . 20467 2443 1 2 2 LS 20467 2443 2 . . . 20467 2444 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2444 2 branch branch NN 20467 2444 3 . . . 20467 2445 1 3 3 LS 20467 2445 2 . . . 20467 2446 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2446 2 with with IN 20467 2446 3 petals petal NNS 20467 2446 4 removed remove VBN 20467 2446 5 . . . 20467 2447 1 4 4 LS 20467 2447 2 . . . 20467 2448 1 Petal petal JJ 20467 2448 2 . . . 20467 2449 1 5 5 CD 20467 2449 2 . . . 20467 2450 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2450 2 branch branch NN 20467 2450 3 . . . 20467 2451 1 6 6 CD 20467 2451 2 . . . 20467 2452 1 Stone stone NN 20467 2452 2 . . . 20467 2453 1 = = NFP 20467 2453 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2453 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2453 4 , , , 20467 2453 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 2453 6 A a DT 20467 2453 7 rare rare JJ 20467 2453 8 plant plant NN 20467 2453 9 in in IN 20467 2453 10 New New NNP 20467 2453 11 England England NNP 20467 2453 12 , , , 20467 2453 13 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2453 14 attaining attain VBG 20467 2453 15 tree tree NN 20467 2453 16 - - HYPH 20467 2453 17 form form NN 20467 2453 18 . . . 20467 2454 1 The the DT 20467 2454 2 most most RBS 20467 2454 3 northern northern JJ 20467 2454 4 station station NN 20467 2454 5 yet yet RB 20467 2454 6 reported report VBN 20467 2454 7 is be VBZ 20467 2454 8 along along IN 20467 2454 9 the the DT 20467 2454 10 slopes slope NNS 20467 2454 11 of of IN 20467 2454 12 Graylock Graylock NNP 20467 2454 13 , , , 20467 2454 14 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 2454 15 , , , 20467 2454 16 where where WRB 20467 2454 17 a a DT 20467 2454 18 few few JJ 20467 2454 19 scattered scatter VBN 20467 2454 20 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 2454 21 were be VBD 20467 2454 22 discovered discover VBN 20467 2454 23 in in IN 20467 2454 24 1900 1900 CD 20467 2454 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2454 26 J. J. NNP 20467 2454 27 R. R. NNP 20467 2454 28 Churchill Churchill NNP 20467 2454 29 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2454 30 . . . 20467 2455 1 In in IN 20467 2455 2 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2455 3 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2455 4 seems seem VBZ 20467 2455 5 to to TO 20467 2455 6 be be VB 20467 2455 7 native native JJ 20467 2455 8 in in IN 20467 2455 9 the the DT 20467 2455 10 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 2455 11 of of IN 20467 2455 12 Southington Southington NNP 20467 2455 13 , , , 20467 2455 14 shrubs shrub NNS 20467 2455 15 , , , 20467 2455 16 and and CC 20467 2455 17 small small JJ 20467 2455 18 trees tree NNS 20467 2455 19 10 10 CD 20467 2455 20 - - SYM 20467 2455 21 15 15 CD 20467 2455 22 feet foot NNS 20467 2455 23 high high JJ 20467 2455 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2455 25 C. C. NNP 20467 2455 26 H. H. NNP 20467 2455 27 Bissell Bissell NNP 20467 2455 28 _ _ NNP 20467 2455 29 in in IN 20467 2455 30 lit lit NN 20467 2455 31 . . . 20467 2455 32 _ _ NNP 20467 2455 33 , , , 20467 2455 34 1900 1900 CD 20467 2455 35 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2455 36 ; ; : 20467 2455 37 New New NNP 20467 2455 38 Milford Milford NNP 20467 2455 39 and and CC 20467 2455 40 Munroe Munroe NNP 20467 2455 41 , , , 20467 2455 42 small small JJ 20467 2455 43 trees tree NNS 20467 2455 44 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2455 45 C. C. NNP 20467 2455 46 K. K. NNP 20467 2455 47 Averill Averill NNP 20467 2455 48 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2455 49 . . . 20467 2456 1 Distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2456 2 from from IN 20467 2456 3 _ _ NNP 20467 2456 4 P. P. NNP 20467 2457 1 nigra nigra RB 20467 2457 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2457 3 by by IN 20467 2457 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2457 5 sharply sharply RB 20467 2457 6 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2457 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 2457 8 , , , 20467 2457 9 smaller small JJR 20467 2457 10 blossoms blossom NNS 20467 2457 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2457 12 the the DT 20467 2457 13 petals petal NNS 20467 2457 14 of of IN 20467 2457 15 which which WDT 20467 2457 16 do do VBP 20467 2457 17 not not RB 20467 2457 18 turn turn VB 20467 2457 19 pink pink JJ 20467 2457 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2457 21 , , , 20467 2457 22 and and CC 20467 2457 23 by by IN 20467 2457 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2457 25 globose globose NN 20467 2457 26 fruit fruit NN 20467 2457 27 . . . 20467 2458 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2458 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2458 3 : : : 20467 2458 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2458 5 LXII.--Prunus LXII.--Prunus NNP 20467 2458 6 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2458 7 . . . 20467 2458 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2459 1 1 1 LS 20467 2459 2 . . . 20467 2460 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2460 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2460 3 . . . 20467 2461 1 2 2 LS 20467 2461 2 . . . 20467 2462 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2462 2 branch branch NN 20467 2462 3 . . . 20467 2463 1 3 3 LS 20467 2463 2 . . . 20467 2464 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2464 2 with with IN 20467 2464 3 part part NN 20467 2464 4 of of IN 20467 2464 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2464 6 and and CC 20467 2464 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2464 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2464 9 . . . 20467 2465 1 4 4 LS 20467 2465 2 . . . 20467 2466 1 Petal petal JJ 20467 2466 2 . . . 20467 2467 1 5 5 CD 20467 2467 2 . . . 20467 2468 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2468 2 branch branch NN 20467 2468 3 . . . 20467 2469 1 6 6 CD 20467 2469 2 . . . 20467 2470 1 Stone stone NN 20467 2470 2 . . . 20467 2471 1 = = NFP 20467 2471 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2471 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 2471 4 , , , 20467 2471 5 L. L. NNP 20467 2471 6 f.= f.= NNP 20467 2471 7 RED RED NNP 20467 2471 8 CHERRY CHERRY NNP 20467 2471 9 . . . 20467 2472 1 PIN PIN NNP 20467 2472 2 CHERRY CHERRY NNP 20467 2472 3 . . . 20467 2473 1 PIGEON pigeon JJ 20467 2473 2 CHERRY cherry NN 20467 2473 3 . . . 20467 2474 1 BIRD BIRD NNP 20467 2474 2 CHERRY cherry NN 20467 2474 3 . . . 20467 2475 1 = = NFP 20467 2475 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2475 3 and and CC 20467 2475 4 Range.=--Roadsides range.=--roadside NNS 20467 2475 5 , , , 20467 2475 6 clearings clearing NNS 20467 2475 7 , , , 20467 2475 8 burnt burn VBN 20467 2475 9 lands land NNS 20467 2475 10 , , , 20467 2475 11 hill hill NNP 20467 2475 12 slopes slope NNS 20467 2475 13 , , , 20467 2475 14 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2475 15 in in IN 20467 2475 16 rather rather RB 20467 2475 17 low low JJ 20467 2475 18 grounds ground NNS 20467 2475 19 . . . 20467 2476 1 From from IN 20467 2476 2 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 2476 3 to to IN 20467 2476 4 the the DT 20467 2476 5 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 2476 6 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2476 7 , , , 20467 2476 8 through through IN 20467 2476 9 British British NNP 20467 2476 10 Columbia Columbia NNP 20467 2476 11 to to IN 20467 2476 12 the the DT 20467 2476 13 Coast Coast NNP 20467 2476 14 Range Range NNP 20467 2476 15 . . . 20467 2477 1 Throughout throughout IN 20467 2477 2 New New NNP 20467 2477 3 England England NNP 20467 2477 4 ; ; : 20467 2477 5 very very RB 20467 2477 6 common common JJ 20467 2477 7 in in IN 20467 2477 8 the the DT 20467 2477 9 northern northern JJ 20467 2477 10 portions portion NNS 20467 2477 11 , , , 20467 2477 12 as as IN 20467 2477 13 high high JJ 20467 2477 14 up up RB 20467 2477 15 as as IN 20467 2477 16 4500 4500 CD 20467 2477 17 feet foot NNS 20467 2477 18 upon upon IN 20467 2477 19 Katahdin Katahdin NNP 20467 2477 20 , , , 20467 2477 21 less less RBR 20467 2477 22 common common JJ 20467 2477 23 southward southward NN 20467 2477 24 and and CC 20467 2477 25 near near IN 20467 2477 26 the the DT 20467 2477 27 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2477 28 . . . 20467 2478 1 South south JJ 20467 2478 2 to to IN 20467 2478 3 North North NNP 20467 2478 4 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 2478 5 ; ; : 20467 2478 6 west west NN 20467 2478 7 to to IN 20467 2478 8 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2478 9 and and CC 20467 2478 10 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2478 11 . . . 20467 2479 1 = = NFP 20467 2479 2 Habit=.--A Habit=.--A NNP 20467 2479 3 slender slender NN 20467 2479 4 tree tree NN 20467 2479 5 , , , 20467 2479 6 seldom seldom RB 20467 2479 7 more more JJR 20467 2479 8 than than IN 20467 2479 9 30 30 CD 20467 2479 10 feet foot NNS 20467 2479 11 high high JJ 20467 2479 12 ; ; : 20467 2479 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 2479 14 8 8 CD 20467 2479 15 - - SYM 20467 2479 16 10 10 CD 20467 2479 17 inches inch NNS 20467 2479 18 in in IN 20467 2479 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2479 20 , , , 20467 2479 21 erect erect NN 20467 2479 22 ; ; , 20467 2479 23 branches branch NNS 20467 2479 24 at at IN 20467 2479 25 an an DT 20467 2479 26 angle angle NN 20467 2479 27 of of IN 20467 2479 28 45 45 CD 20467 2479 29 ° ° NNS 20467 2479 30 or or CC 20467 2479 31 less less JJR 20467 2479 32 ; ; : 20467 2479 33 head head VB 20467 2479 34 rather rather RB 20467 2479 35 open open JJ 20467 2479 36 , , , 20467 2479 37 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2479 38 or or CC 20467 2479 39 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2479 40 , , , 20467 2479 41 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2479 42 in in IN 20467 2479 43 spring spring NN 20467 2479 44 by by IN 20467 2479 45 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2479 46 of of IN 20467 2479 47 long long JJ 20467 2479 48 - - HYPH 20467 2479 49 stemmed stem VBN 20467 2479 50 white white JJ 20467 2479 51 flowers flower NNS 20467 2479 52 , , , 20467 2479 53 and and CC 20467 2479 54 in in IN 20467 2479 55 autumn autumn NN 20467 2479 56 by by IN 20467 2479 57 a a DT 20467 2479 58 profusion profusion NN 20467 2479 59 of of IN 20467 2479 60 small small JJ 20467 2479 61 red red JJ 20467 2479 62 fruit fruit NN 20467 2479 63 . . . 20467 2480 1 = = NFP 20467 2480 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2480 3 of of IN 20467 2480 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2480 5 in in IN 20467 2480 6 fully fully RB 20467 2480 7 grown grow VBN 20467 2480 8 trees tree NNS 20467 2480 9 dark dark JJ 20467 2480 10 brownish brownish NN 20467 2480 11 - - HYPH 20467 2480 12 red red NN 20467 2480 13 , , , 20467 2480 14 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2480 15 marked mark VBN 20467 2480 16 with with IN 20467 2480 17 coarse coarse JJ 20467 2480 18 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2480 19 lines line NNS 20467 2480 20 ; ; : 20467 2480 21 the the DT 20467 2480 22 outer outer JJ 20467 2480 23 layer layer NN 20467 2480 24 peeling peel VBG 20467 2480 25 off off RP 20467 2480 26 in in IN 20467 2480 27 fine fine JJ 20467 2480 28 scales scale NNS 20467 2480 29 , , , 20467 2480 30 disclosing disclose VBG 20467 2480 31 a a DT 20467 2480 32 brighter bright JJR 20467 2480 33 red red JJ 20467 2480 34 layer layer NN 20467 2480 35 beneath beneath RB 20467 2480 36 ; ; : 20467 2480 37 in in IN 20467 2480 38 young young JJ 20467 2480 39 trees tree NNS 20467 2480 40 very very RB 20467 2480 41 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2480 42 and and CC 20467 2480 43 shining shine VBG 20467 2480 44 throughout throughout IN 20467 2480 45 ; ; : 20467 2480 46 lines line NNS 20467 2480 47 very very RB 20467 2480 48 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2480 49 in in IN 20467 2480 50 the the DT 20467 2480 51 larger large JJR 20467 2480 52 branches branch NNS 20467 2480 53 ; ; : 20467 2480 54 branchlets branchlets NNP 20467 2480 55 brownish brownish NNP 20467 2480 56 - - HYPH 20467 2480 57 red red NN 20467 2480 58 with with IN 20467 2480 59 small small JJ 20467 2480 60 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2480 61 lines line NNS 20467 2480 62 ; ; : 20467 2480 63 spray spray NN 20467 2480 64 and and CC 20467 2480 65 season season NN 20467 2480 66 's 's POS 20467 2480 67 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2480 68 polished polish VBD 20467 2480 69 red red JJ 20467 2480 70 , , , 20467 2480 71 with with IN 20467 2480 72 minute minute JJ 20467 2480 73 orange orange NNP 20467 2480 74 dots dot NNS 20467 2480 75 . . . 20467 2481 1 = = NFP 20467 2481 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2481 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2481 4 and and CC 20467 2481 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2481 6 small small JJ 20467 2481 7 , , , 20467 2481 8 broad broad RB 20467 2481 9 - - HYPH 20467 2481 10 conical conical JJ 20467 2481 11 , , , 20467 2481 12 acute acute JJ 20467 2481 13 . . . 20467 2482 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2482 2 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2482 3 , , , 20467 2482 4 3 3 CD 20467 2482 5 - - SYM 20467 2482 6 4 4 CD 20467 2482 7 inches inch NNS 20467 2482 8 long long JJ 20467 2482 9 , , , 20467 2482 10 1 1 CD 20467 2482 11 - - SYM 20467 2482 12 2 2 CD 20467 2482 13 inches inch NNS 20467 2482 14 wide wide JJ 20467 2482 15 , , , 20467 2482 16 light light JJ 20467 2482 17 green green NN 20467 2482 18 and and CC 20467 2482 19 shining shine VBG 20467 2482 20 on on IN 20467 2482 21 both both DT 20467 2482 22 sides side NNS 20467 2482 23 , , , 20467 2482 24 ovate ovate NN 20467 2482 25 - - HYPH 20467 2482 26 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2482 27 , , , 20467 2482 28 oval oval NN 20467 2482 29 or or CC 20467 2482 30 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2482 31 - - HYPH 20467 2482 32 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2482 33 , , , 20467 2482 34 finely finely RB 20467 2482 35 serrate serrate VBP 20467 2482 36 ; ; : 20467 2482 37 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2482 38 sharp sharp JJ 20467 2482 39 - - HYPH 20467 2482 40 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2482 41 , , , 20467 2482 42 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2482 43 incurved incurve VBN 20467 2482 44 ; ; : 20467 2482 45 apex apex NNP 20467 2482 46 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2482 47 ; ; : 20467 2482 48 base base NN 20467 2482 49 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 2482 50 or or CC 20467 2482 51 roundish roundish NNP 20467 2482 52 ; ; : 20467 2482 53 midrib midrib NNP 20467 2482 54 depressed depress VBD 20467 2482 55 above above RB 20467 2482 56 ; ; : 20467 2482 57 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2482 58 short short JJ 20467 2482 59 , , , 20467 2482 60 channeled channel VBN 20467 2482 61 ; ; : 20467 2482 62 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2482 63 falling fall VBG 20467 2482 64 early early RB 20467 2482 65 . . . 20467 2483 1 = = NFP 20467 2483 2 Inflorescence.=--June Inflorescence.=--June NNP 20467 2483 3 . . . 20467 2484 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2484 2 with with IN 20467 2484 3 the the DT 20467 2484 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2484 5 , , , 20467 2484 6 in in IN 20467 2484 7 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2484 8 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2484 9 , , , 20467 2484 10 the the DT 20467 2484 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 2484 12 on on IN 20467 2484 13 long long JJ 20467 2484 14 , , , 20467 2484 15 slender slend JJR 20467 2484 16 , , , 20467 2484 17 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2484 18 branching branching NN 20467 2484 19 stems stem NNS 20467 2484 20 ; ; : 20467 2484 21 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2484 22 5-cleft 5-cleft CD 20467 2484 23 ; ; : 20467 2484 24 segments segment NNS 20467 2484 25 thin thin JJ 20467 2484 26 , , , 20467 2484 27 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 2484 28 ; ; : 20467 2484 29 petals petal NNS 20467 2484 30 5 5 CD 20467 2484 31 , , , 20467 2484 32 white white NNP 20467 2484 33 , , , 20467 2484 34 obovate obovate JJ 20467 2484 35 , , , 20467 2484 36 short short JJ 20467 2484 37 - - HYPH 20467 2484 38 clawed clawed JJ 20467 2484 39 ; ; , 20467 2484 40 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2484 41 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2484 42 ; ; : 20467 2484 43 pistil pistil NN 20467 2484 44 1 1 CD 20467 2484 45 ; ; : 20467 2484 46 style style NN 20467 2484 47 1 1 CD 20467 2484 48 . . . 20467 2485 1 = = NFP 20467 2485 2 Fruit.=--About Fruit.=--About `` 20467 2485 3 the the DT 20467 2485 4 size size NN 20467 2485 5 of of IN 20467 2485 6 a a DT 20467 2485 7 pea pea NN 20467 2485 8 , , , 20467 2485 9 round round JJ 20467 2485 10 , , , 20467 2485 11 light light JJ 20467 2485 12 red red JJ 20467 2485 13 , , , 20467 2485 14 thin thin JJ 20467 2485 15 - - HYPH 20467 2485 16 meated meated JJ 20467 2485 17 and and CC 20467 2485 18 sour sour JJ 20467 2485 19 : : : 20467 2485 20 stone stone NN 20467 2485 21 oval oval NN 20467 2485 22 or or CC 20467 2485 23 ovate ovate NN 20467 2485 24 . . . 20467 2486 1 = = NFP 20467 2486 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2486 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2486 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2486 5 New New NNP 20467 2486 6 England England NNP 20467 2486 7 ; ; : 20467 2486 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2486 9 a a DT 20467 2486 10 light light JJ 20467 2486 11 gravelly gravelly NNP 20467 2486 12 loam loam NN 20467 2486 13 , , , 20467 2486 14 but but CC 20467 2486 15 grows grow VBZ 20467 2486 16 in in IN 20467 2486 17 poor poor JJ 20467 2486 18 soils soil NNS 20467 2486 19 and and CC 20467 2486 20 exposed expose VBN 20467 2486 21 situations situation NNS 20467 2486 22 ; ; : 20467 2486 23 habit habit NN 20467 2486 24 so so RB 20467 2486 25 uncertain uncertain JJ 20467 2486 26 and and CC 20467 2486 27 tendency tendency VB 20467 2486 28 to to TO 20467 2486 29 sprout sprout VB 20467 2486 30 so so RB 20467 2486 31 decided decide VBD 20467 2486 32 that that IN 20467 2486 33 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2486 34 is be VBZ 20467 2486 35 not not RB 20467 2486 36 wise wise JJ 20467 2486 37 to to TO 20467 2486 38 use use VB 20467 2486 39 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2486 40 in in IN 20467 2486 41 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2486 42 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2486 43 ; ; : 20467 2486 44 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2486 45 very very RB 20467 2486 46 useful useful JJ 20467 2486 47 in in IN 20467 2486 48 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2486 49 land land NN 20467 2486 50 . . . 20467 2487 1 A a DT 20467 2487 2 variety variety NN 20467 2487 3 with with IN 20467 2487 4 transparent transparent JJ 20467 2487 5 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2487 6 fruit fruit NN 20467 2487 7 is be VBZ 20467 2487 8 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2487 9 met meet VBN 20467 2487 10 with with IN 20467 2487 11 , , , 20467 2487 12 but but CC 20467 2487 13 is be VBZ 20467 2487 14 not not RB 20467 2487 15 yet yet RB 20467 2487 16 in in IN 20467 2487 17 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2487 18 . . . 20467 2488 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2488 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2488 3 : : : 20467 2488 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2488 5 LXIII.--Prunus LXIII.--Prunus NNP 20467 2488 6 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 2488 7 . . . 20467 2488 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2489 1 1 1 LS 20467 2489 2 . . . 20467 2490 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2490 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2490 3 . . . 20467 2491 1 2 2 LS 20467 2491 2 . . . 20467 2492 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2492 2 branch branch NN 20467 2492 3 . . . 20467 2493 1 3 3 LS 20467 2493 2 . . . 20467 2494 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2494 2 with with IN 20467 2494 3 part part NN 20467 2494 4 of of IN 20467 2494 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2494 6 and and CC 20467 2494 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2494 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2494 9 . . . 20467 2495 1 4 4 LS 20467 2495 2 . . . 20467 2496 1 Petal petal JJ 20467 2496 2 . . . 20467 2497 1 5 5 CD 20467 2497 2 . . . 20467 2498 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2498 2 branch branch NN 20467 2498 3 . . . 20467 2499 1 = = NFP 20467 2499 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2499 3 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 2499 4 , , , 20467 2499 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2499 6 CHOKECHERRY CHOKECHERRY NNP 20467 2499 7 . . . 20467 2500 1 = = NFP 20467 2500 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2500 3 and and CC 20467 2500 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2500 5 varying vary VBG 20467 2500 6 soils soil NNS 20467 2500 7 ; ; : 20467 2500 8 along along IN 20467 2500 9 river river NN 20467 2500 10 banks bank NNS 20467 2500 11 , , , 20467 2500 12 on on IN 20467 2500 13 dry dry JJ 20467 2500 14 plains plain NNS 20467 2500 15 , , , 20467 2500 16 in in IN 20467 2500 17 woods wood NNS 20467 2500 18 , , , 20467 2500 19 common common JJ 20467 2500 20 along along IN 20467 2500 21 walls wall NNS 20467 2500 22 , , , 20467 2500 23 often often RB 20467 2500 24 thickets thicket VBZ 20467 2500 25 . . . 20467 2501 1 From from IN 20467 2501 2 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 2501 3 across across IN 20467 2501 4 the the DT 20467 2501 5 continent continent NN 20467 2501 6 , , , 20467 2501 7 as as IN 20467 2501 8 far far RB 20467 2501 9 north north RB 20467 2501 10 on on IN 20467 2501 11 the the DT 20467 2501 12 Mackenzie Mackenzie NNP 20467 2501 13 river river NN 20467 2501 14 as as IN 20467 2501 15 62 62 CD 20467 2501 16 ° ° NNS 20467 2501 17 . . . 20467 2502 1 Common common JJ 20467 2502 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 2502 3 New New NNP 20467 2502 4 England England NNP 20467 2502 5 ; ; : 20467 2502 6 at at IN 20467 2502 7 an an DT 20467 2502 8 altitude altitude NN 20467 2502 9 of of IN 20467 2502 10 4500 4500 CD 20467 2502 11 feet foot NNS 20467 2502 12 upon upon IN 20467 2502 13 Mt. Mount NNP 20467 2503 1 Katahdin Katahdin NNP 20467 2503 2 . . . 20467 2504 1 South south RB 20467 2504 2 to to IN 20467 2504 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2504 4 ; ; : 20467 2504 5 west west NN 20467 2504 6 to to IN 20467 2504 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2504 8 and and CC 20467 2504 9 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2504 10 . . . 20467 2505 1 = = NFP 20467 2505 2 Habit.=--Usually habit.=--usually RB 20467 2505 3 a a DT 20467 2505 4 shrub shrub NN 20467 2505 5 a a DT 20467 2505 6 few few JJ 20467 2505 7 feet foot NNS 20467 2505 8 high high JJ 20467 2505 9 , , , 20467 2505 10 but but CC 20467 2505 11 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2505 12 a a DT 20467 2505 13 tree tree NN 20467 2505 14 15 15 CD 20467 2505 15 - - SYM 20467 2505 16 25 25 CD 20467 2505 17 feet foot NNS 20467 2505 18 in in IN 20467 2505 19 height height NN 20467 2505 20 , , , 20467 2505 21 with with IN 20467 2505 22 a a DT 20467 2505 23 trunk trunk NN 20467 2505 24 diameter diameter NN 20467 2505 25 of of IN 20467 2505 26 5 5 CD 20467 2505 27 - - SYM 20467 2505 28 6 6 CD 20467 2505 29 inches inch NNS 20467 2505 30 ; ; : 20467 2505 31 head head NN 20467 2505 32 , , , 20467 2505 33 in in IN 20467 2505 34 open open JJ 20467 2505 35 places place NNS 20467 2505 36 , , , 20467 2505 37 spreading spread VBG 20467 2505 38 , , , 20467 2505 39 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2505 40 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2505 41 , , , 20467 2505 42 with with IN 20467 2505 43 dull dull JJ 20467 2505 44 foliage foliage NN 20467 2505 45 , , , 20467 2505 46 but but CC 20467 2505 47 very very RB 20467 2505 48 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2505 49 in in IN 20467 2505 50 flower flower NN 20467 2505 51 and and CC 20467 2505 52 fruit fruit NN 20467 2505 53 , , , 20467 2505 54 the the DT 20467 2505 55 latter latter JJ 20467 2505 56 variable variable NN 20467 2505 57 in in IN 20467 2505 58 color color NN 20467 2505 59 and and CC 20467 2505 60 quantity quantity NN 20467 2505 61 . . . 20467 2506 1 = = NFP 20467 2506 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 2506 3 and and CC 20467 2506 4 branches branch NNS 20467 2506 5 dull dull JJ 20467 2506 6 gray gray NNP 20467 2506 7 , , , 20467 2506 8 darker darker RB 20467 2506 9 on on IN 20467 2506 10 older old JJR 20467 2506 11 trees tree NNS 20467 2506 12 , , , 20467 2506 13 rough rough JJ 20467 2506 14 with with IN 20467 2506 15 raised raise VBN 20467 2506 16 buff buff JJ 20467 2506 17 - - HYPH 20467 2506 18 orange orange JJ 20467 2506 19 spots spot NNS 20467 2506 20 ; ; : 20467 2506 21 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2506 22 dull dull JJ 20467 2506 23 grayish grayish NN 20467 2506 24 or or CC 20467 2506 25 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2506 26 brown brown NN 20467 2506 27 ; ; : 20467 2506 28 season season NN 20467 2506 29 's 's POS 20467 2506 30 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2506 31 lighter lighter RBR 20467 2506 32 , , , 20467 2506 33 minutely minutely RB 20467 2506 34 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2506 35 . . . 20467 2507 1 Bitter bitter JJ 20467 2507 2 to to IN 20467 2507 3 the the DT 20467 2507 4 taste taste NN 20467 2507 5 . . . 20467 2508 1 = = NFP 20467 2508 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2508 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2508 4 and and CC 20467 2508 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2508 6 1 1 CD 20467 2508 7 - - HYPH 20467 2508 8 1 1 CD 20467 2508 9 - - HYPH 20467 2508 10 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 2508 11 inches inch NNS 20467 2508 12 long long JJ 20467 2508 13 , , , 20467 2508 14 conical conical JJ 20467 2508 15 , , , 20467 2508 16 sharp sharp RB 20467 2508 17 - - HYPH 20467 2508 18 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2508 19 , , , 20467 2508 20 brown brown JJ 20467 2508 21 , , , 20467 2508 22 slightly slightly RB 20467 2508 23 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2508 24 from from IN 20467 2508 25 the the DT 20467 2508 26 stem stem NN 20467 2508 27 . . . 20467 2509 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2509 2 2 2 CD 20467 2509 3 - - SYM 20467 2509 4 5 5 CD 20467 2509 5 inches inch NNS 20467 2509 6 long long JJ 20467 2509 7 and and CC 20467 2509 8 two two CD 20467 2509 9 - - HYPH 20467 2509 10 thirds third NNS 20467 2509 11 as as IN 20467 2509 12 wide wide JJ 20467 2509 13 , , , 20467 2509 14 dull dull JJ 20467 2509 15 green green NN 20467 2509 16 on on IN 20467 2509 17 the the DT 20467 2509 18 upper upper JJ 20467 2509 19 side side NN 20467 2509 20 , , , 20467 2509 21 lighter light JJR 20467 2509 22 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2509 23 , , , 20467 2509 24 obovate obovate JJ 20467 2509 25 or or CC 20467 2509 26 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2509 27 , , , 20467 2509 28 thin thin JJ 20467 2509 29 , , , 20467 2509 30 finely finely RB 20467 2509 31 , , , 20467 2509 32 sharply sharply RB 20467 2509 33 , , , 20467 2509 34 and and CC 20467 2509 35 often often RB 20467 2509 36 doubly doubly RB 20467 2509 37 serrate serrate VBP 20467 2509 38 ; ; : 20467 2509 39 apex apex NNP 20467 2509 40 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 2509 41 pointed point VBD 20467 2509 42 ; ; : 20467 2509 43 base base NN 20467 2509 44 roundish roundish NN 20467 2509 45 , , , 20467 2509 46 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2509 47 or or CC 20467 2509 48 slightly slightly RB 20467 2509 49 heart heart NN 20467 2509 50 - - HYPH 20467 2509 51 shaped shape VBN 20467 2509 52 ; ; : 20467 2509 53 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2509 54 round round NN 20467 2509 55 , , , 20467 2509 56 grooved grooved JJ 20467 2509 57 , , , 20467 2509 58 with with IN 20467 2509 59 two two CD 20467 2509 60 or or CC 20467 2509 61 more more JJR 20467 2509 62 glands gland NNS 20467 2509 63 near near IN 20467 2509 64 base base NN 20467 2509 65 of of IN 20467 2509 66 leaf leaf NN 20467 2509 67 ; ; : 20467 2509 68 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2509 69 long long JJ 20467 2509 70 , , , 20467 2509 71 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2509 72 , , , 20467 2509 73 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 2509 74 , , , 20467 2509 75 falling fall VBG 20467 2509 76 when when WRB 20467 2509 77 the the DT 20467 2509 78 leaves leave NNS 20467 2509 79 expand expand VBP 20467 2509 80 . . . 20467 2510 1 = = NFP 20467 2510 2 Inflorescence.=--Appearing inflorescence.=--appeare VBG 20467 2510 3 in in IN 20467 2510 4 May May NNP 20467 2510 5 , , , 20467 2510 6 a a DT 20467 2510 7 week week NN 20467 2510 8 earlier early RBR 20467 2510 9 than than IN 20467 2510 10 _ _ NNP 20467 2510 11 P. P. NNP 20467 2511 1 serotina serotina NNP 20467 2511 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2511 3 , , , 20467 2511 4 terminating terminate VBG 20467 2511 5 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2511 6 , , , 20467 2511 7 leafy leafy NNP 20467 2511 8 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2511 9 of of IN 20467 2511 10 the the DT 20467 2511 11 season season NN 20467 2511 12 in in IN 20467 2511 13 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2511 14 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2511 15 , , , 20467 2511 16 erect erect NN 20467 2511 17 or or CC 20467 2511 18 spreading spreading NN 20467 2511 19 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2511 20 , , , 20467 2511 21 2 2 CD 20467 2511 22 - - SYM 20467 2511 23 4 4 CD 20467 2511 24 inches inch NNS 20467 2511 25 long long JJ 20467 2511 26 ; ; : 20467 2511 27 flowers flower NNS 20467 2511 28 short short JJ 20467 2511 29 - - HYPH 20467 2511 30 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2511 31 , , , 20467 2511 32 about about RB 20467 2511 33 1/3 1/3 CD 20467 2511 34 inch inch NN 20467 2511 35 across across IN 20467 2511 36 ; ; : 20467 2511 37 petals petal NNS 20467 2511 38 white white JJ 20467 2511 39 , , , 20467 2511 40 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2511 41 ; ; : 20467 2511 42 edge edge NN 20467 2511 43 often often RB 20467 2511 44 eroded erode VBD 20467 2511 45 ; ; : 20467 2511 46 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2511 47 5-cleft 5-cleft CD 20467 2511 48 with with IN 20467 2511 49 thin thin JJ 20467 2511 50 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 2511 51 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2511 52 , , , 20467 2511 53 soon soon RB 20467 2511 54 falling fall VBG 20467 2511 55 ; ; : 20467 2511 56 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2511 57 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2511 58 ; ; : 20467 2511 59 pistil pistil NN 20467 2511 60 1 1 CD 20467 2511 61 ; ; : 20467 2511 62 style style NN 20467 2511 63 1 1 CD 20467 2511 64 . . . 20467 2512 1 = = NFP 20467 2512 2 Fruit.=--In fruit.=--in NN 20467 2512 3 drooping drooping NN 20467 2512 4 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2512 5 ; ; , 20467 2512 6 varying vary VBG 20467 2512 7 from from IN 20467 2512 8 yellow yellow NN 20467 2512 9 to to IN 20467 2512 10 nearly nearly RB 20467 2512 11 black black JJ 20467 2512 12 , , , 20467 2512 13 commonly commonly RB 20467 2512 14 bright bright JJ 20467 2512 15 red red JJ 20467 2512 16 , , , 20467 2512 17 edible edible JJ 20467 2512 18 , , , 20467 2512 19 but but CC 20467 2512 20 more more RBR 20467 2512 21 or or CC 20467 2512 22 less less RBR 20467 2512 23 astringent astringent JJ 20467 2512 24 ; ; : 20467 2512 25 stem stem VB 20467 2512 26 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2512 27 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2512 28 after after IN 20467 2512 29 the the DT 20467 2512 30 cherry cherry NN 20467 2512 31 falls fall VBZ 20467 2512 32 . . . 20467 2513 1 = = NFP 20467 2513 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2513 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2513 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2513 5 New New NNP 20467 2513 6 England England NNP 20467 2513 7 ; ; : 20467 2513 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 2513 9 in in IN 20467 2513 10 almost almost RB 20467 2513 11 any any DT 20467 2513 12 soil soil NN 20467 2513 13 , , , 20467 2513 14 but but CC 20467 2513 15 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2513 16 a a DT 20467 2513 17 deep deep JJ 20467 2513 18 , , , 20467 2513 19 rich rich JJ 20467 2513 20 , , , 20467 2513 21 moist moist JJ 20467 2513 22 loam loam NN 20467 2513 23 . . . 20467 2514 1 Vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 2514 2 young young JJ 20467 2514 3 trees tree NNS 20467 2514 4 are be VBP 20467 2514 5 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2514 6 , , , 20467 2514 7 but but CC 20467 2514 8 in in IN 20467 2514 9 New New NNP 20467 2514 10 England England NNP 20467 2514 11 they -PRON- PRP 20467 2514 12 soon soon RB 20467 2514 13 begin begin VBP 20467 2514 14 to to TO 20467 2514 15 show show VB 20467 2514 16 dead dead JJ 20467 2514 17 branches branch NNS 20467 2514 18 , , , 20467 2514 19 and and CC 20467 2514 20 are be VBP 20467 2514 21 so so RB 20467 2514 22 seriously seriously RB 20467 2514 23 affected affect VBN 20467 2514 24 by by IN 20467 2514 25 insects insect NNS 20467 2514 26 and and CC 20467 2514 27 fungous fungous JJ 20467 2514 28 diseases disease NNS 20467 2514 29 that that IN 20467 2514 30 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2514 31 is be VBZ 20467 2514 32 not not RB 20467 2514 33 wise wise JJ 20467 2514 34 to to TO 20467 2514 35 use use VB 20467 2514 36 them -PRON- PRP 20467 2514 37 in in IN 20467 2514 38 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2514 39 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2514 40 , , , 20467 2514 41 or or CC 20467 2514 42 to to TO 20467 2514 43 permit permit VB 20467 2514 44 them -PRON- PRP 20467 2514 45 to to TO 20467 2514 46 remain remain VB 20467 2514 47 on on IN 20467 2514 48 the the DT 20467 2514 49 roadside roadside NN 20467 2514 50 . . . 20467 2515 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2515 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2515 3 : : : 20467 2515 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2515 5 LXIV.--Prunus LXIV.--Prunus NNP 20467 2515 6 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 2515 7 . . . 20467 2515 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2516 1 1 1 LS 20467 2516 2 . . . 20467 2517 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2517 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2517 3 . . . 20467 2518 1 2 2 LS 20467 2518 2 . . . 20467 2519 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2519 2 branch branch NN 20467 2519 3 . . . 20467 2520 1 3 3 LS 20467 2520 2 . . . 20467 2521 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2521 2 with with IN 20467 2521 3 part part NN 20467 2521 4 of of IN 20467 2521 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2521 6 and and CC 20467 2521 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2521 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2521 9 . . . 20467 2522 1 4 4 LS 20467 2522 2 . . . 20467 2523 1 A a DT 20467 2523 2 petal petal NN 20467 2523 3 . . . 20467 2524 1 5 5 CD 20467 2524 2 . . . 20467 2525 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2525 2 branch branch NN 20467 2525 3 . . . 20467 2526 1 = = NFP 20467 2526 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2526 3 serotina serotina NNP 20467 2526 4 , , , 20467 2526 5 Ehrh.= Ehrh.= NNP 20467 2526 6 RUM rum NN 20467 2526 7 CHERRY cherry NN 20467 2526 8 . . . 20467 2527 1 BLACK black NN 20467 2527 2 CHERRY CHERRY NNP 20467 2527 3 . . . 20467 2528 1 = = NFP 20467 2528 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2528 3 and and CC 20467 2528 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2528 5 all all DT 20467 2528 6 sorts sort NNS 20467 2528 7 of of IN 20467 2528 8 soils soil NNS 20467 2528 9 and and CC 20467 2528 10 exposures exposure NNS 20467 2528 11 ; ; , 20467 2528 12 open open JJ 20467 2528 13 places place NNS 20467 2528 14 and and CC 20467 2528 15 rich rich JJ 20467 2528 16 woods wood NNS 20467 2528 17 . . . 20467 2529 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2529 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2529 3 to to IN 20467 2529 4 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2529 5 Superior Superior NNP 20467 2529 6 . . . 20467 2530 1 Maine,--not Maine,--not NNP 20467 2530 2 reported report VBD 20467 2530 3 north north RB 20467 2530 4 of of IN 20467 2530 5 Oldtown Oldtown NNP 20467 2530 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2530 7 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 2530 8 county county NN 20467 2530 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2530 10 ; ; : 20467 2530 11 frequent frequent JJ 20467 2530 12 throughout throughout IN 20467 2530 13 the the DT 20467 2530 14 other other JJ 20467 2530 15 New New NNP 20467 2530 16 England England NNP 20467 2530 17 states state NNS 20467 2530 18 . . . 20467 2531 1 South south RB 20467 2531 2 to to IN 20467 2531 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2531 4 ; ; : 20467 2531 5 west west NN 20467 2531 6 to to IN 20467 2531 7 North North NNP 20467 2531 8 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 2531 9 , , , 20467 2531 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2531 11 , , , 20467 2531 12 and and CC 20467 2531 13 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2531 14 , , , 20467 2531 15 extending extend VBG 20467 2531 16 through through IN 20467 2531 17 Mexico Mexico NNP 20467 2531 18 , , , 20467 2531 19 along along IN 20467 2531 20 the the DT 20467 2531 21 Pacific Pacific NNP 20467 2531 22 coast coast NN 20467 2531 23 of of IN 20467 2531 24 Central Central NNP 20467 2531 25 America America NNP 20467 2531 26 to to IN 20467 2531 27 Peru Peru NNP 20467 2531 28 . . . 20467 2532 1 = = NFP 20467 2532 2 Habit.=--Usually habit.=--usually RB 20467 2532 3 a a DT 20467 2532 4 medium medium JJ 20467 2532 5 - - HYPH 20467 2532 6 sized sized JJ 20467 2532 7 tree tree NN 20467 2532 8 , , , 20467 2532 9 30 30 CD 20467 2532 10 - - SYM 20467 2532 11 50 50 CD 20467 2532 12 feet foot NNS 20467 2532 13 in in IN 20467 2532 14 height height NN 20467 2532 15 , , , 20467 2532 16 with with IN 20467 2532 17 a a DT 20467 2532 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 2532 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2532 20 varying vary VBG 20467 2532 21 from from IN 20467 2532 22 8 8 CD 20467 2532 23 or or CC 20467 2532 24 10 10 CD 20467 2532 25 inches inch NNS 20467 2532 26 to to IN 20467 2532 27 2 2 CD 20467 2532 28 feet foot NNS 20467 2532 29 ; ; , 20467 2532 30 attaining attain VBG 20467 2532 31 much much RB 20467 2532 32 greater great JJR 20467 2532 33 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 2532 34 in in IN 20467 2532 35 the the DT 20467 2532 36 middle middle JJ 20467 2532 37 and and CC 20467 2532 38 southern southern JJ 20467 2532 39 states state NNS 20467 2532 40 ; ; : 20467 2532 41 branches branch NNS 20467 2532 42 few few JJ 20467 2532 43 , , , 20467 2532 44 large large JJ 20467 2532 45 , , , 20467 2532 46 often often RB 20467 2532 47 tortuous tortuous JJ 20467 2532 48 , , , 20467 2532 49 subdividing subdivide VBG 20467 2532 50 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 2532 51 ; ; : 20467 2532 52 head head VB 20467 2532 53 open open JJ 20467 2532 54 , , , 20467 2532 55 widest wide JJS 20467 2532 56 near near IN 20467 2532 57 the the DT 20467 2532 58 base base NN 20467 2532 59 , , , 20467 2532 60 rather rather RB 20467 2532 61 ungraceful ungraceful JJ 20467 2532 62 when when WRB 20467 2532 63 naked naked JJ 20467 2532 64 , , , 20467 2532 65 but but CC 20467 2532 66 very very RB 20467 2532 67 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2532 68 when when WRB 20467 2532 69 clothed clothe VBN 20467 2532 70 with with IN 20467 2532 71 bright bright JJ 20467 2532 72 green green JJ 20467 2532 73 , , , 20467 2532 74 polished polished JJ 20467 2532 75 foliage foliage NN 20467 2532 76 , , , 20467 2532 77 profusely profusely RB 20467 2532 78 decked deck VBN 20467 2532 79 with with IN 20467 2532 80 white white JJ 20467 2532 81 flowers flower NNS 20467 2532 82 , , , 20467 2532 83 or or CC 20467 2532 84 laden laden JJ 20467 2532 85 with with IN 20467 2532 86 drooping drooping JJ 20467 2532 87 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2532 88 of of IN 20467 2532 89 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2532 90 black black JJ 20467 2532 91 fruit fruit NN 20467 2532 92 . . . 20467 2533 1 = = NFP 20467 2533 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2533 3 of of IN 20467 2533 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2533 5 deep deep JJ 20467 2533 6 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2533 7 - - HYPH 20467 2533 8 brown brown JJ 20467 2533 9 and and CC 20467 2533 10 smooth smooth VB 20467 2533 11 in in IN 20467 2533 12 young young JJ 20467 2533 13 trees tree NNS 20467 2533 14 , , , 20467 2533 15 in in IN 20467 2533 16 old old JJ 20467 2533 17 trees tree NNS 20467 2533 18 very very RB 20467 2533 19 rough rough JJ 20467 2533 20 , , , 20467 2533 21 separating separate VBG 20467 2533 22 into into IN 20467 2533 23 close close JJ 20467 2533 24 , , , 20467 2533 25 thick thick JJ 20467 2533 26 , , , 20467 2533 27 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2533 28 , , , 20467 2533 29 blackish blackish JJ 20467 2533 30 scales scale VBZ 20467 2533 31 ; ; : 20467 2533 32 branches branch NNS 20467 2533 33 dark dark JJ 20467 2533 34 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2533 35 - - HYPH 20467 2533 36 brown brown NN 20467 2533 37 , , , 20467 2533 38 marked mark VBN 20467 2533 39 with with IN 20467 2533 40 small small JJ 20467 2533 41 oblong oblong NN 20467 2533 42 , , , 20467 2533 43 raised raise VBD 20467 2533 44 dots dot NNS 20467 2533 45 . . . 20467 2534 1 Bitter bitter JJ 20467 2534 2 to to IN 20467 2534 3 the the DT 20467 2534 4 taste taste NN 20467 2534 5 . . . 20467 2535 1 = = NFP 20467 2535 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2535 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2535 4 and and CC 20467 2535 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2535 6 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2535 7 , , , 20467 2535 8 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 2535 9 inch inch NN 20467 2535 10 long long RB 20467 2535 11 , , , 20467 2535 12 covered cover VBN 20467 2535 13 with with IN 20467 2535 14 imbricated imbricated JJ 20467 2535 15 brown brown JJ 20467 2535 16 scales scale NNS 20467 2535 17 . . . 20467 2536 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2536 2 2 2 CD 20467 2536 3 - - SYM 20467 2536 4 5 5 CD 20467 2536 5 inches inch NNS 20467 2536 6 long long JJ 20467 2536 7 , , , 20467 2536 8 about about RB 20467 2536 9 half half NN 20467 2536 10 as as RB 20467 2536 11 wide wide JJ 20467 2536 12 , , , 20467 2536 13 dark dark JJ 20467 2536 14 green green NN 20467 2536 15 above above RB 20467 2536 16 and and CC 20467 2536 17 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2536 18 when when WRB 20467 2536 19 full full JJ 20467 2536 20 grown grown NN 20467 2536 21 , , , 20467 2536 22 paler paler NN 20467 2536 23 below below RB 20467 2536 24 , , , 20467 2536 25 turning turn VBG 20467 2536 26 in in IN 20467 2536 27 autumn autumn NN 20467 2536 28 to to TO 20467 2536 29 orange orange VB 20467 2536 30 , , , 20467 2536 31 deep deep JJ 20467 2536 32 red red NN 20467 2536 33 , , , 20467 2536 34 or or CC 20467 2536 35 pale pale JJ 20467 2536 36 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2536 37 , , , 20467 2536 38 firm firm JJ 20467 2536 39 , , , 20467 2536 40 smooth smooth VB 20467 2536 41 on on IN 20467 2536 42 both both DT 20467 2536 43 sides side NNS 20467 2536 44 , , , 20467 2536 45 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 2536 46 , , , 20467 2536 47 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2536 48 , , , 20467 2536 49 or or CC 20467 2536 50 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2536 51 - - HYPH 20467 2536 52 oblong oblong NN 20467 2536 53 ; ; : 20467 2536 54 finely finely RB 20467 2536 55 serrate serrate VB 20467 2536 56 with with IN 20467 2536 57 short short JJ 20467 2536 58 , , , 20467 2536 59 incurved incurved JJ 20467 2536 60 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2536 61 ; ; : 20467 2536 62 apex apex NNP 20467 2536 63 sharp sharp JJ 20467 2536 64 ; ; : 20467 2536 65 base base NN 20467 2536 66 acute acute NN 20467 2536 67 or or CC 20467 2536 68 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2536 69 ; ; : 20467 2536 70 meshes mesh NNS 20467 2536 71 of of IN 20467 2536 72 veins veins NNP 20467 2536 73 minute minute NN 20467 2536 74 ; ; : 20467 2536 75 petioles petioles NNP 20467 2536 76 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2536 77 inch inch NN 20467 2536 78 long long JJ 20467 2536 79 , , , 20467 2536 80 with with IN 20467 2536 81 usually usually RB 20467 2536 82 two two CD 20467 2536 83 or or CC 20467 2536 84 more more JJR 20467 2536 85 glands gland NNS 20467 2536 86 near near IN 20467 2536 87 the the DT 20467 2536 88 base base NN 20467 2536 89 of of IN 20467 2536 90 the the DT 20467 2536 91 leaf leaf NN 20467 2536 92 ; ; : 20467 2536 93 stipules stipules NNP 20467 2536 94 glandular glandular NNP 20467 2536 95 - - HYPH 20467 2536 96 edged edged JJ 20467 2536 97 , , , 20467 2536 98 falling fall VBG 20467 2536 99 as as IN 20467 2536 100 the the DT 20467 2536 101 leaf leaf NN 20467 2536 102 expands expand VBZ 20467 2536 103 . . . 20467 2537 1 = = NFP 20467 2537 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may NN 20467 2537 3 to to IN 20467 2537 4 June June NNP 20467 2537 5 . . . 20467 2538 1 From from IN 20467 2538 2 new new JJ 20467 2538 3 leafy leafy NNP 20467 2538 4 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2538 5 , , , 20467 2538 6 in in IN 20467 2538 7 simple simple JJ 20467 2538 8 , , , 20467 2538 9 loose loose JJ 20467 2538 10 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2538 11 , , , 20467 2538 12 4 4 CD 20467 2538 13 - - SYM 20467 2538 14 5 5 CD 20467 2538 15 inches inch NNS 20467 2538 16 long long JJ 20467 2538 17 ; ; : 20467 2538 18 flowers flower NNS 20467 2538 19 small small JJ 20467 2538 20 ; ; : 20467 2538 21 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2538 22 with with IN 20467 2538 23 5 5 CD 20467 2538 24 short short JJ 20467 2538 25 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2538 26 separated separate VBN 20467 2538 27 by by IN 20467 2538 28 shallow shallow JJ 20467 2538 29 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 2538 30 , , , 20467 2538 31 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2538 32 after after IN 20467 2538 33 the the DT 20467 2538 34 cherry cherry NN 20467 2538 35 falls fall VBZ 20467 2538 36 ; ; : 20467 2538 37 petals petal NNS 20467 2538 38 5 5 CD 20467 2538 39 , , , 20467 2538 40 spreading spread VBG 20467 2538 41 , , , 20467 2538 42 white white NNP 20467 2538 43 , , , 20467 2538 44 obovate obovate VB 20467 2538 45 ; ; : 20467 2538 46 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2538 47 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2538 48 ; ; : 20467 2538 49 pistil pistil NN 20467 2538 50 one one CD 20467 2538 51 ; ; : 20467 2538 52 style style NN 20467 2538 53 single single JJ 20467 2538 54 . . . 20467 2539 1 = = NFP 20467 2539 2 Fruit.=--September Fruit.=--September NNP 20467 2539 3 . . . 20467 2540 1 Somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2540 2 flattened flatten VBD 20467 2540 3 vertically vertically RB 20467 2540 4 , , , 20467 2540 5 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 2540 6 inch inch NN 20467 2540 7 in in IN 20467 2540 8 diameter diameter NN 20467 2540 9 ; ; : 20467 2540 10 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2540 11 - - JJ 20467 2540 12 black black JJ 20467 2540 13 , , , 20467 2540 14 edible edible JJ 20467 2540 15 , , , 20467 2540 16 slightly slightly RB 20467 2540 17 bitter bitter JJ 20467 2540 18 . . . 20467 2541 1 = = NFP 20467 2541 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2541 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2541 4 in in IN 20467 2541 5 New New NNP 20467 2541 6 England England NNP 20467 2541 7 ; ; : 20467 2541 8 in in IN 20467 2541 9 rich rich JJ 20467 2541 10 soil soil NN 20467 2541 11 in in IN 20467 2541 12 open open JJ 20467 2541 13 situations situation NNS 20467 2541 14 young young JJ 20467 2541 15 trees tree NNS 20467 2541 16 grow grow VBP 20467 2541 17 very very RB 20467 2541 18 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 2541 19 , , , 20467 2541 20 old old JJ 20467 2541 21 trees tree NNS 20467 2541 22 rather rather RB 20467 2541 23 slowly slowly RB 20467 2541 24 . . . 20467 2542 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 2542 2 used use VBN 20467 2542 3 for for IN 20467 2542 4 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2542 5 purposes purpose NNS 20467 2542 6 , , , 20467 2542 7 but but CC 20467 2542 8 serves serve VBZ 20467 2542 9 well well RB 20467 2542 10 as as IN 20467 2542 11 a a DT 20467 2542 12 nurse nurse NN 20467 2542 13 tree tree NN 20467 2542 14 for for IN 20467 2542 15 forest forest NN 20467 2542 16 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2542 17 , , , 20467 2542 18 or or CC 20467 2542 19 where where WRB 20467 2542 20 quick quick JJ 20467 2542 21 results result NNS 20467 2542 22 and and CC 20467 2542 23 a a DT 20467 2542 24 luxurious luxurious JJ 20467 2542 25 foliage foliage NN 20467 2542 26 effect effect NN 20467 2542 27 is be VBZ 20467 2542 28 desired desire VBN 20467 2542 29 , , , 20467 2542 30 on on IN 20467 2542 31 inland inland JJ 20467 2542 32 exposures exposure NNS 20467 2542 33 or or CC 20467 2542 34 near near IN 20467 2542 35 the the DT 20467 2542 36 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2542 37 . . . 20467 2543 1 The the DT 20467 2543 2 branches branch NNS 20467 2543 3 are be VBP 20467 2543 4 very very RB 20467 2543 5 liable liable JJ 20467 2543 6 to to TO 20467 2543 7 disfigurement disfigurement VB 20467 2543 8 by by IN 20467 2543 9 the the DT 20467 2543 10 black black NN 20467 2543 11 - - HYPH 20467 2543 12 knot knot NN 20467 2543 13 and and CC 20467 2543 14 the the DT 20467 2543 15 foliage foliage NN 20467 2543 16 by by IN 20467 2543 17 the the DT 20467 2543 18 tent tent NN 20467 2543 19 - - HYPH 20467 2543 20 caterpillar caterpillar NNP 20467 2543 21 . . . 20467 2544 1 Large large JJ 20467 2544 2 plants plant NNS 20467 2544 3 are be VBP 20467 2544 4 seldom seldom JJ 20467 2544 5 for for IN 20467 2544 6 sale sale NN 20467 2544 7 , , , 20467 2544 8 but but CC 20467 2544 9 seedlings seedling NNS 20467 2544 10 may may MD 20467 2544 11 be be VB 20467 2544 12 obtained obtain VBN 20467 2544 13 in in IN 20467 2544 14 large large JJ 20467 2544 15 quantities quantity NNS 20467 2544 16 and and CC 20467 2544 17 at at IN 20467 2544 18 low low JJ 20467 2544 19 prices price NNS 20467 2544 20 . . . 20467 2545 1 A a DT 20467 2545 2 weeping weep VBG 20467 2545 3 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2545 4 form form NN 20467 2545 5 is be VBZ 20467 2545 6 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2545 7 offered offer VBN 20467 2545 8 . . . 20467 2546 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 2546 2 from from IN 20467 2546 3 seed seed NN 20467 2546 4 . . . 20467 2547 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2547 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2547 3 : : : 20467 2547 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2547 5 LXV.--Prunus LXV.--Prunus NNP 20467 2547 6 serotina serotina NNP 20467 2547 7 . . . 20467 2547 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2548 1 1 1 LS 20467 2548 2 . . . 20467 2549 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2549 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2549 3 . . . 20467 2550 1 2 2 LS 20467 2550 2 . . . 20467 2551 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2551 2 branch branch NN 20467 2551 3 . . . 20467 2552 1 3 3 LS 20467 2552 2 . . . 20467 2553 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2553 2 with with IN 20467 2553 3 part part NN 20467 2553 4 of of IN 20467 2553 5 perianth perianth NN 20467 2553 6 and and CC 20467 2553 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2553 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2553 9 . . . 20467 2554 1 4 4 LS 20467 2554 2 . . . 20467 2555 1 A a DT 20467 2555 2 petal petal NN 20467 2555 3 . . . 20467 2556 1 5 5 CD 20467 2556 2 . . . 20467 2557 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2557 2 branch branch NN 20467 2557 3 . . . 20467 2558 1 6 6 CD 20467 2558 2 . . . 20467 2559 1 Mature mature JJ 20467 2559 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 2559 3 . . . 20467 2560 1 = = NFP 20467 2560 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 2560 3 Avium Avium NNP 20467 2560 4 , , , 20467 2560 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2560 6 MAZARD MAZARD NNP 20467 2560 7 CHERRY CHERRY NNP 20467 2560 8 . . . 20467 2561 1 Introduced introduce VBN 20467 2561 2 from from IN 20467 2561 3 England England NNP 20467 2561 4 ; ; : 20467 2561 5 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2561 6 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 20467 2561 7 along along IN 20467 2561 8 fences fence NNS 20467 2561 9 and and CC 20467 2561 10 the the DT 20467 2561 11 borders border NNS 20467 2561 12 of of IN 20467 2561 13 woodlands woodland NNS 20467 2561 14 . . . 20467 2562 1 As as IN 20467 2562 2 an an DT 20467 2562 3 escape escape NN 20467 2562 4 , , , 20467 2562 5 25 25 CD 20467 2562 6 - - SYM 20467 2562 7 50 50 CD 20467 2562 8 feet foot NNS 20467 2562 9 high high JJ 20467 2562 10 , , , 20467 2562 11 with with IN 20467 2562 12 a a DT 20467 2562 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 2562 14 diameter diameter NN 20467 2562 15 of of IN 20467 2562 16 1 1 CD 20467 2562 17 - - SYM 20467 2562 18 2 2 CD 20467 2562 19 feet foot NNS 20467 2562 20 ; ; : 20467 2562 21 head head VB 20467 2562 22 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2562 23 or or CC 20467 2562 24 ovate ovate VB 20467 2562 25 ; ; : 20467 2562 26 branches branch NNS 20467 2562 27 mostly mostly RB 20467 2562 28 ascending ascend VBG 20467 2562 29 . . . 20467 2563 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2563 2 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2563 3 to to TO 20467 2563 4 obovate obovate VB 20467 2563 5 , , , 20467 2563 6 more more RBR 20467 2563 7 or or CC 20467 2563 8 less less RBR 20467 2563 9 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2563 10 beneath beneath IN 20467 2563 11 , , , 20467 2563 12 serrate serrate NNP 20467 2563 13 , , , 20467 2563 14 3 3 CD 20467 2563 15 - - SYM 20467 2563 16 5 5 CD 20467 2563 17 inches inch NNS 20467 2563 18 long long JJ 20467 2563 19 ; ; : 20467 2563 20 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2563 21 about about RB 20467 2563 22 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2563 23 inch inch NN 20467 2563 24 long long JJ 20467 2563 25 , , , 20467 2563 26 often often RB 20467 2563 27 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2563 28 near near IN 20467 2563 29 base base NN 20467 2563 30 of of IN 20467 2563 31 leaf leaf NN 20467 2563 32 ; ; : 20467 2563 33 inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 2563 34 in in IN 20467 2563 35 umbels umbel NNS 20467 2563 36 ; ; : 20467 2563 37 flowers flower NNS 20467 2563 38 white white JJ 20467 2563 39 , , , 20467 2563 40 expanding expand VBG 20467 2563 41 with with IN 20467 2563 42 the the DT 20467 2563 43 leaves leave NNS 20467 2563 44 ; ; : 20467 2563 45 fruit fruit NN 20467 2563 46 dark dark JJ 20467 2563 47 red red JJ 20467 2563 48 , , , 20467 2563 49 sweet sweet JJ 20467 2563 50 , , , 20467 2563 51 mostly mostly RB 20467 2563 52 inferior inferior JJ 20467 2563 53 or or CC 20467 2563 54 blighted blight VBN 20467 2563 55 . . . 20467 2564 1 LEGUMINOSÆ LEGUMINOSÆ NNP 20467 2564 2 . . . 20467 2565 1 PULSE PULSE NNP 20467 2565 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2565 3 . . . 20467 2566 1 = = NFP 20467 2566 2 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 2566 3 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 2566 4 , , , 20467 2566 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2566 6 HONEY HONEY NNP 20467 2566 7 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 20467 2566 8 . . . 20467 2567 1 THREE three CD 20467 2567 2 - - HYPH 20467 2567 3 THORNED thorned NN 20467 2567 4 ACACIA ACACIA NNP 20467 2567 5 . . . 20467 2568 1 = = NFP 20467 2568 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2568 3 and and CC 20467 2568 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2568 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2568 6 native native JJ 20467 2568 7 habitat habitat NN 20467 2568 8 growing grow VBG 20467 2568 9 in in IN 20467 2568 10 a a DT 20467 2568 11 variety variety NN 20467 2568 12 of of IN 20467 2568 13 soils soil NNS 20467 2568 14 ; ; : 20467 2568 15 rich rich JJ 20467 2568 16 woods wood NNS 20467 2568 17 , , , 20467 2568 18 mountain mountain NN 20467 2568 19 sides side NNS 20467 2568 20 , , , 20467 2568 21 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2568 22 plains plain NNS 20467 2568 23 . . . 20467 2569 1 Southern Southern NNP 20467 2569 2 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2569 3 . . . 20467 2570 1 Maine,--young Maine,--young NNP 20467 2570 2 trees tree NNS 20467 2570 3 in in IN 20467 2570 4 the the DT 20467 2570 5 southern southern JJ 20467 2570 6 sections section NNS 20467 2570 7 said say VBD 20467 2570 8 to to TO 20467 2570 9 have have VB 20467 2570 10 been be VBN 20467 2570 11 produced produce VBN 20467 2570 12 from from IN 20467 2570 13 self self NN 20467 2570 14 - - HYPH 20467 2570 15 sown sow VBN 20467 2570 16 seed seed NN 20467 2570 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2570 18 M. M. NNP 20467 2570 19 L. L. NNP 20467 2570 20 Fernald Fernald NNP 20467 2570 21 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2570 22 ; ; : 20467 2570 23 New New NNP 20467 2570 24 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 2570 25 and and CC 20467 2570 26 Vermont,--introduced Vermont,--introduced NNP 20467 2570 27 ; ; : 20467 2570 28 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 2570 29 ; ; : 20467 2570 30 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2570 31 Island,--introduced Island,--introduced NNP 20467 2570 32 and and CC 20467 2570 33 fully fully RB 20467 2570 34 at at IN 20467 2570 35 home home NN 20467 2570 36 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2570 37 J. J. NNP 20467 2570 38 F. F. NNP 20467 2570 39 Collins Collins NNP 20467 2570 40 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2570 41 ; ; : 20467 2570 42 Connecticut,--not Connecticut,--not NNP 20467 2570 43 reported report VBD 20467 2570 44 . . . 20467 2571 1 Probably probably RB 20467 2571 2 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 2571 3 naturalized naturalize VBN 20467 2571 4 in in IN 20467 2571 5 many many JJ 20467 2571 6 other other JJ 20467 2571 7 places place NNS 20467 2571 8 in in IN 20467 2571 9 New New NNP 20467 2571 10 England England NNP 20467 2571 11 . . . 20467 2572 1 Spreading spread VBG 20467 2572 2 by by IN 20467 2572 3 seed seed NN 20467 2572 4 southward southward RB 20467 2572 5 ; ; , 20467 2572 6 indigenous indigenous JJ 20467 2572 7 along along IN 20467 2572 8 the the DT 20467 2572 9 western western JJ 20467 2572 10 slopes slope NNS 20467 2572 11 of of IN 20467 2572 12 the the DT 20467 2572 13 Alleghanies Alleghanies NNPS 20467 2572 14 in in IN 20467 2572 15 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 2572 16 ; ; : 20467 2572 17 south south RB 20467 2572 18 to to IN 20467 2572 19 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2572 20 and and CC 20467 2572 21 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 2572 22 ; ; : 20467 2572 23 west west NN 20467 2572 24 from from IN 20467 2572 25 western western JJ 20467 2572 26 New New NNP 20467 2572 27 York York NNP 20467 2572 28 through through IN 20467 2572 29 southern southern JJ 20467 2572 30 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2572 31 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2572 32 Canada Canada NNP 20467 2572 33 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2572 34 and and CC 20467 2572 35 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 2572 36 to to IN 20467 2572 37 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2572 38 , , , 20467 2572 39 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2572 40 , , , 20467 2572 41 Indian indian JJ 20467 2572 42 territory territory NN 20467 2572 43 , , , 20467 2572 44 and and CC 20467 2572 45 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2572 46 . . . 20467 2573 1 = = NFP 20467 2573 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 2573 3 medium medium JJ 20467 2573 4 - - HYPH 20467 2573 5 sized sized JJ 20467 2573 6 tree tree NN 20467 2573 7 , , , 20467 2573 8 reaching reach VBG 20467 2573 9 a a DT 20467 2573 10 height height NN 20467 2573 11 of of IN 20467 2573 12 40 40 CD 20467 2573 13 - - SYM 20467 2573 14 60 60 CD 20467 2573 15 feet foot NNS 20467 2573 16 and and CC 20467 2573 17 a a DT 20467 2573 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 2573 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2573 20 of of IN 20467 2573 21 1 1 CD 20467 2573 22 - - SYM 20467 2573 23 3 3 CD 20467 2573 24 feet foot NNS 20467 2573 25 ; ; : 20467 2573 26 becoming become VBG 20467 2573 27 a a DT 20467 2573 28 tree tree NN 20467 2573 29 of of IN 20467 2573 30 the the DT 20467 2573 31 first first JJ 20467 2573 32 magnitude magnitude NN 20467 2573 33 in in IN 20467 2573 34 the the DT 20467 2573 35 river river NN 20467 2573 36 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 2573 37 of of IN 20467 2573 38 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2573 39 , , , 20467 2573 40 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 2573 41 , , , 20467 2573 42 and and CC 20467 2573 43 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 20467 2573 44 ; ; : 20467 2573 45 trunk trunk NN 20467 2573 46 dark dark NN 20467 2573 47 and and CC 20467 2573 48 straight straight JJ 20467 2573 49 , , , 20467 2573 50 the the DT 20467 2573 51 upper upper JJ 20467 2573 52 branches branch NNS 20467 2573 53 going go VBG 20467 2573 54 off off RP 20467 2573 55 at at IN 20467 2573 56 an an DT 20467 2573 57 acute acute JJ 20467 2573 58 angle angle NN 20467 2573 59 , , , 20467 2573 60 the the DT 20467 2573 61 lower lower RBR 20467 2573 62 often often RB 20467 2573 63 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2573 64 , , , 20467 2573 65 both both DT 20467 2573 66 trunk trunk NN 20467 2573 67 and and CC 20467 2573 68 larger large JJR 20467 2573 69 branches branch NNS 20467 2573 70 armed arm VBN 20467 2573 71 above above IN 20467 2573 72 the the DT 20467 2573 73 axils axil NNS 20467 2573 74 with with IN 20467 2573 75 stout stout JJ 20467 2573 76 , , , 20467 2573 77 sharp sharp RB 20467 2573 78 - - HYPH 20467 2573 79 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2573 80 , , , 20467 2573 81 simple simple JJ 20467 2573 82 , , , 20467 2573 83 three three CD 20467 2573 84 - - HYPH 20467 2573 85 pronged pronged JJ 20467 2573 86 or or CC 20467 2573 87 numerously numerously RB 20467 2573 88 branched branch VBN 20467 2573 89 thorns thorn NNS 20467 2573 90 , , , 20467 2573 91 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2573 92 clustered cluster VBN 20467 2573 93 in in IN 20467 2573 94 forbidding forbid VBG 20467 2573 95 tangles tangle NNS 20467 2573 96 a a DT 20467 2573 97 foot foot NN 20467 2573 98 or or CC 20467 2573 99 two two CD 20467 2573 100 in in IN 20467 2573 101 length length NN 20467 2573 102 ; ; : 20467 2573 103 head head VB 20467 2573 104 wide wide RB 20467 2573 105 - - HYPH 20467 2573 106 spreading spread VBG 20467 2573 107 , , , 20467 2573 108 very very RB 20467 2573 109 open open JJ 20467 2573 110 , , , 20467 2573 111 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2573 112 or or CC 20467 2573 113 flattish flattish JJ 20467 2573 114 , , , 20467 2573 115 with with IN 20467 2573 116 extremely extremely RB 20467 2573 117 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2573 118 , , , 20467 2573 119 fern fern JJ 20467 2573 120 - - HYPH 20467 2573 121 like like JJ 20467 2573 122 foliage foliage NN 20467 2573 123 lying lie VBG 20467 2573 124 in in IN 20467 2573 125 graceful graceful JJ 20467 2573 126 planes plane NNS 20467 2573 127 or or CC 20467 2573 128 masses masse NNS 20467 2573 129 ; ; : 20467 2573 130 pods pod NNS 20467 2573 131 flat flat JJ 20467 2573 132 and and CC 20467 2573 133 pendent pendent NN 20467 2573 134 , , , 20467 2573 135 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2573 136 in in IN 20467 2573 137 autumn autumn NN 20467 2573 138 . . . 20467 2574 1 = = NFP 20467 2574 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 2574 3 and and CC 20467 2574 4 larger large JJR 20467 2574 5 branches branch NNS 20467 2574 6 a a DT 20467 2574 7 sombre sombre JJ 20467 2574 8 iron iron NN 20467 2574 9 gray gray NN 20467 2574 10 , , , 20467 2574 11 deepening deepen VBG 20467 2574 12 on on IN 20467 2574 13 old old JJ 20467 2574 14 trees tree NNS 20467 2574 15 almost almost RB 20467 2574 16 to to IN 20467 2574 17 black black JJ 20467 2574 18 ; ; : 20467 2574 19 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2574 20 - - HYPH 20467 2574 21 brown brown JJ 20467 2574 22 in in IN 20467 2574 23 second second JJ 20467 2574 24 year year NN 20467 2574 25 's 's POS 20467 2574 26 growth growth NN 20467 2574 27 ; ; : 20467 2574 28 season season NN 20467 2574 29 's 's POS 20467 2574 30 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2574 31 green green JJ 20467 2574 32 , , , 20467 2574 33 marked mark VBN 20467 2574 34 with with IN 20467 2574 35 short short JJ 20467 2574 36 buff buff NN 20467 2574 37 , , , 20467 2574 38 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 20467 2574 39 lines line NNS 20467 2574 40 ; ; : 20467 2574 41 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2574 42 rough rough JJ 20467 2574 43 - - HYPH 20467 2574 44 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2574 45 . . . 20467 2575 1 = = NFP 20467 2575 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2575 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2575 4 and and CC 20467 2575 5 Leaves.=--Winter Leaves.=--Winter NNP 20467 2575 6 buds bud NNS 20467 2575 7 minute minute NN 20467 2575 8 , , , 20467 2575 9 in in IN 20467 2575 10 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2575 11 of of IN 20467 2575 12 three three CD 20467 2575 13 or or CC 20467 2575 14 four four CD 20467 2575 15 , , , 20467 2575 16 the the DT 20467 2575 17 upper upper JJ 20467 2575 18 the the DT 20467 2575 19 largest large JJS 20467 2575 20 . . . 20467 2576 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2576 2 compound compound VBP 20467 2576 3 , , , 20467 2576 4 once once RB 20467 2576 5 to to TO 20467 2576 6 twice twice RB 20467 2576 7 pinnate pinnate VB 20467 2576 8 , , , 20467 2576 9 both both DT 20467 2576 10 forms form NNS 20467 2576 11 often often RB 20467 2576 12 in in IN 20467 2576 13 the the DT 20467 2576 14 same same JJ 20467 2576 15 leaf leaf NN 20467 2576 16 , , , 20467 2576 17 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2576 18 , , , 20467 2576 19 6 6 CD 20467 2576 20 inches inch NNS 20467 2576 21 to to IN 20467 2576 22 1 1 CD 20467 2576 23 foot foot NN 20467 2576 24 long long RB 20467 2576 25 , , , 20467 2576 26 rachis rachis DT 20467 2576 27 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 2576 28 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 2576 29 at at IN 20467 2576 30 base base NN 20467 2576 31 and and CC 20467 2576 32 covering cover VBG 20467 2576 33 the the DT 20467 2576 34 winter winter NN 20467 2576 35 buds bud NNS 20467 2576 36 : : : 20467 2576 37 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 2576 38 18 18 CD 20467 2576 39 - - SYM 20467 2576 40 28 28 CD 20467 2576 41 , , , 20467 2576 42 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2576 43 - - HYPH 20467 2576 44 1 1 CD 20467 2576 45 - - HYPH 20467 2576 46 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 2576 47 inches inch NNS 20467 2576 48 long long JJ 20467 2576 49 , , , 20467 2576 50 about about RB 20467 2576 51 one one CD 20467 2576 52 - - HYPH 20467 2576 53 third third NN 20467 2576 54 as as IN 20467 2576 55 wide wide JJ 20467 2576 56 , , , 20467 2576 57 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2576 58 - - HYPH 20467 2576 59 green green JJ 20467 2576 60 when when WRB 20467 2576 61 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 2576 62 , , , 20467 2576 63 turning turn VBG 20467 2576 64 to to IN 20467 2576 65 dark dark JJ 20467 2576 66 green green NN 20467 2576 67 above above RB 20467 2576 68 , , , 20467 2576 69 slightly slightly RB 20467 2576 70 lighter light JJR 20467 2576 71 beneath beneath RB 20467 2576 72 , , , 20467 2576 73 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2576 74 in in IN 20467 2576 75 autumn autumn NN 20467 2576 76 ; ; : 20467 2576 77 outline outline NNP 20467 2576 78 lanceolate lanceolate NNP 20467 2576 79 , , , 20467 2576 80 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2576 81 to to IN 20467 2576 82 oval oval NN 20467 2576 83 , , , 20467 2576 84 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 2576 85 crenulate crenulate JJ 20467 2576 86 - - HYPH 20467 2576 87 serrate serrate NN 20467 2576 88 ; ; : 20467 2576 89 apex apex NNP 20467 2576 90 obtuse obtuse NNP 20467 2576 91 , , , 20467 2576 92 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2576 93 mucronate mucronate JJ 20467 2576 94 ; ; : 20467 2576 95 base base NN 20467 2576 96 mostly mostly RB 20467 2576 97 rounded round VBD 20467 2576 98 ; ; : 20467 2576 99 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2576 100 and and CC 20467 2576 101 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2576 102 downy downy JJ 20467 2576 103 , , , 20467 2576 104 especially especially RB 20467 2576 105 when when WRB 20467 2576 106 young young JJ 20467 2576 107 . . . 20467 2577 1 = = NFP 20467 2577 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early JJ 20467 2577 3 June June NNP 20467 2577 4 . . . 20467 2578 1 From from IN 20467 2578 2 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2578 3 or or CC 20467 2578 4 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2578 5 buds bud NNS 20467 2578 6 on on IN 20467 2578 7 the the DT 20467 2578 8 old old JJ 20467 2578 9 wood wood NN 20467 2578 10 , , , 20467 2578 11 in in IN 20467 2578 12 slender slender NN 20467 2578 13 , , , 20467 2578 14 pendent pendent NN 20467 2578 15 , , , 20467 2578 16 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2578 17 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2578 18 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2578 19 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 2578 20 among among IN 20467 2578 21 the the DT 20467 2578 22 young young JJ 20467 2578 23 leaves leave NNS 20467 2578 24 ; ; : 20467 2578 25 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2578 26 and and CC 20467 2578 27 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2578 28 flowers flower NNS 20467 2578 29 on on IN 20467 2578 30 different different JJ 20467 2578 31 trees tree NNS 20467 2578 32 or or CC 20467 2578 33 on on IN 20467 2578 34 the the DT 20467 2578 35 same same JJ 20467 2578 36 tree tree NN 20467 2578 37 and and CC 20467 2578 38 even even RB 20467 2578 39 in in IN 20467 2578 40 the the DT 20467 2578 41 same same JJ 20467 2578 42 cluster cluster NN 20467 2578 43 ; ; : 20467 2578 44 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2578 45 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2578 46 campanulate campanulate NN 20467 2578 47 , , , 20467 2578 48 3 3 CD 20467 2578 49 - - SYM 20467 2578 50 5-cleft 5-cleft CD 20467 2578 51 ; ; : 20467 2578 52 petals petal NNS 20467 2578 53 3 3 CD 20467 2578 54 - - SYM 20467 2578 55 5 5 CD 20467 2578 56 , , , 20467 2578 57 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2578 58 wider wide JJR 20467 2578 59 than than IN 20467 2578 60 the the DT 20467 2578 61 sepals sepal NNS 20467 2578 62 , , , 20467 2578 63 and and CC 20467 2578 64 inserted insert VBN 20467 2578 65 with with IN 20467 2578 66 the the DT 20467 2578 67 3 3 CD 20467 2578 68 - - SYM 20467 2578 69 10 10 CD 20467 2578 70 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2578 71 on on IN 20467 2578 72 the the DT 20467 2578 73 calyx calyx NN 20467 2578 74 : : : 20467 2578 75 pistil pistil NN 20467 2578 76 in in IN 20467 2578 77 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2578 78 flowers flower NNS 20467 2578 79 abortive abortive VBP 20467 2578 80 or or CC 20467 2578 81 wanting wanting JJ 20467 2578 82 , , , 20467 2578 83 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2578 84 in in IN 20467 2578 85 the the DT 20467 2578 86 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2578 87 flowers flower NNS 20467 2578 88 . . . 20467 2579 1 Parts part NNS 20467 2579 2 of of IN 20467 2579 3 the the DT 20467 2579 4 flower flower NN 20467 2579 5 more more RBR 20467 2579 6 or or CC 20467 2579 7 less less RBR 20467 2579 8 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2579 9 , , , 20467 2579 10 arachnoid arachnoid JJ 20467 2579 11 - - HYPH 20467 2579 12 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2579 13 within within IN 20467 2579 14 , , , 20467 2579 15 near near IN 20467 2579 16 the the DT 20467 2579 17 base base NN 20467 2579 18 . . . 20467 2580 1 = = SYM 20467 2580 2 Fruit.=--Pods fruit.=--pod NNS 20467 2580 3 dull dull JJ 20467 2580 4 red red JJ 20467 2580 5 , , , 20467 2580 6 1 1 CD 20467 2580 7 - - HYPH 20467 2580 8 1 1 CD 20467 2580 9 - - HYPH 20467 2580 10 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2580 11 feet foot NNS 20467 2580 12 long long JJ 20467 2580 13 , , , 20467 2580 14 flat flat JJ 20467 2580 15 , , , 20467 2580 16 pendent pendent NN 20467 2580 17 , , , 20467 2580 18 and and CC 20467 2580 19 often often RB 20467 2580 20 twisted twist VBD 20467 2580 21 , , , 20467 2580 22 containing contain VBG 20467 2580 23 several several JJ 20467 2580 24 flat flat JJ 20467 2580 25 brown brown JJ 20467 2580 26 seeds seed NNS 20467 2580 27 . . . 20467 2581 1 = = NFP 20467 2581 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2581 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2581 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2581 5 New New NNP 20467 2581 6 England England NNP 20467 2581 7 , , , 20467 2581 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 2581 9 in in IN 20467 2581 10 any any DT 20467 2581 11 well well RB 20467 2581 12 - - HYPH 20467 2581 13 drained drain VBN 20467 2581 14 soil soil NN 20467 2581 15 , , , 20467 2581 16 but but CC 20467 2581 17 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2581 18 a a DT 20467 2581 19 deep deep JJ 20467 2581 20 , , , 20467 2581 21 rich rich JJ 20467 2581 22 loam loam NN 20467 2581 23 ; ; : 20467 2581 24 transplants transplant VBZ 20467 2581 25 readily readily RB 20467 2581 26 , , , 20467 2581 27 grows grow VBZ 20467 2581 28 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 2581 29 , , , 20467 2581 30 is be VBZ 20467 2581 31 long long RB 20467 2581 32 - - HYPH 20467 2581 33 lived live VBN 20467 2581 34 , , , 20467 2581 35 free free JJ 20467 2581 36 from from IN 20467 2581 37 disease disease NN 20467 2581 38 , , , 20467 2581 39 and and CC 20467 2581 40 makes make VBZ 20467 2581 41 a a DT 20467 2581 42 picturesque picturesque NN 20467 2581 43 object object NN 20467 2581 44 in in IN 20467 2581 45 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2581 46 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2581 47 , , , 20467 2581 48 but but CC 20467 2581 49 is be VBZ 20467 2581 50 objectionable objectionable JJ 20467 2581 51 in in IN 20467 2581 52 public public JJ 20467 2581 53 places place NNS 20467 2581 54 and and CC 20467 2581 55 highly highly RB 20467 2581 56 finished finished JJ 20467 2581 57 grounds ground NNS 20467 2581 58 on on IN 20467 2581 59 account account NN 20467 2581 60 of of IN 20467 2581 61 the the DT 20467 2581 62 stiff stiff JJ 20467 2581 63 spines spine NNS 20467 2581 64 , , , 20467 2581 65 which which WDT 20467 2581 66 are be VBP 20467 2581 67 a a DT 20467 2581 68 source source NN 20467 2581 69 of of IN 20467 2581 70 danger danger NN 20467 2581 71 to to IN 20467 2581 72 pedestrians pedestrian NNS 20467 2581 73 , , , 20467 2581 74 and and CC 20467 2581 75 also also RB 20467 2581 76 on on IN 20467 2581 77 account account NN 20467 2581 78 of of IN 20467 2581 79 the the DT 20467 2581 80 long long JJ 20467 2581 81 strap strap NN 20467 2581 82 - - HYPH 20467 2581 83 shaped shape VBN 20467 2581 84 pods pod NNS 20467 2581 85 , , , 20467 2581 86 which which WDT 20467 2581 87 litter litter VBP 20467 2581 88 the the DT 20467 2581 89 ground ground NN 20467 2581 90 . . . 20467 2582 1 There there EX 20467 2582 2 is be VBZ 20467 2582 3 a a DT 20467 2582 4 thornless thornless JJ 20467 2582 5 form form NN 20467 2582 6 which which WDT 20467 2582 7 is be VBZ 20467 2582 8 better well RBR 20467 2582 9 adapted adapt VBN 20467 2582 10 than than IN 20467 2582 11 the the DT 20467 2582 12 type type NN 20467 2582 13 for for IN 20467 2582 14 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2582 15 purposes purpose NNS 20467 2582 16 . . . 20467 2583 1 The the DT 20467 2583 2 type type NN 20467 2583 3 is be VBZ 20467 2583 4 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2583 5 offered offer VBN 20467 2583 6 in in IN 20467 2583 7 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2583 8 at at IN 20467 2583 9 a a DT 20467 2583 10 low low JJ 20467 2583 11 price price NN 20467 2583 12 by by IN 20467 2583 13 the the DT 20467 2583 14 quantity quantity NN 20467 2583 15 . . . 20467 2584 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 2584 2 from from IN 20467 2584 3 seed seed NN 20467 2584 4 . . . 20467 2585 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2585 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2585 3 : : : 20467 2585 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2585 5 LXVI.--Gleditsia LXVI.--Gleditsia NNP 20467 2585 6 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 2585 7 . . . 20467 2585 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2586 1 1 1 LS 20467 2586 2 . . . 20467 2587 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2587 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2587 3 . . . 20467 2588 1 2 2 LS 20467 2588 2 . . . 20467 2589 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2589 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2589 3 with with IN 20467 2589 4 thorns thorn NNS 20467 2589 5 . . . 20467 2590 1 3 3 LS 20467 2590 2 . . . 20467 2591 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2591 2 branch branch NN 20467 2591 3 . . . 20467 2592 1 4 4 LS 20467 2592 2 . . . 20467 2593 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2593 2 flower flower NN 20467 2593 3 , , , 20467 2593 4 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 2593 5 . . . 20467 2594 1 5 5 CD 20467 2594 2 . . . 20467 2595 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2595 2 branch branch NN 20467 2595 3 , , , 20467 2595 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2595 5 mostly mostly RB 20467 2595 6 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2595 7 . . . 20467 2596 1 6 6 CD 20467 2596 2 . . . 20467 2597 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2597 2 flower flower NN 20467 2597 3 , , , 20467 2597 4 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 2597 5 . . . 20467 2598 1 7 7 LS 20467 2598 2 . . . 20467 2599 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2599 2 branch branch NN 20467 2599 3 . . . 20467 2600 1 8 8 LS 20467 2600 2 . . . 20467 2601 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 2601 2 partially partially RB 20467 2601 3 twice twice RB 20467 2601 4 pinnate pinnate VBP 20467 2601 5 . . . 20467 2602 1 = = NFP 20467 2602 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 2602 3 Pseudacacia Pseudacacia NNP 20467 2602 4 , , , 20467 2602 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2602 6 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 20467 2602 7 . . . 20467 2603 1 = = NFP 20467 2603 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2603 3 and and CC 20467 2603 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2603 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2603 6 native native JJ 20467 2603 7 habitat habitat NN 20467 2603 8 growing grow VBG 20467 2603 9 upon upon IN 20467 2603 10 mountain mountain NN 20467 2603 11 slopes slope NNS 20467 2603 12 , , , 20467 2603 13 along along IN 20467 2603 14 the the DT 20467 2603 15 borders border NNS 20467 2603 16 of of IN 20467 2603 17 forests forest NNS 20467 2603 18 , , , 20467 2603 19 in in IN 20467 2603 20 rich rich JJ 20467 2603 21 soils soil NNS 20467 2603 22 . . . 20467 2604 1 Naturalized naturalize VBN 20467 2604 2 from from IN 20467 2604 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2604 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2604 5 to to IN 20467 2604 6 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2604 7 . . . 20467 2605 1 Maine,--thoroughly maine,--thoroughly RB 20467 2605 2 at at IN 20467 2605 3 home home NN 20467 2605 4 , , , 20467 2605 5 forming form VBG 20467 2605 6 wooded woode VBN 20467 2605 7 banks bank NNS 20467 2605 8 along along IN 20467 2605 9 streams stream NNS 20467 2605 10 ; ; : 20467 2605 11 New New NNP 20467 2605 12 Hampshire,--abundant Hampshire,--abundant NNP 20467 2605 13 enough enough RB 20467 2605 14 to to TO 20467 2605 15 be be VB 20467 2605 16 reckoned reckon VBN 20467 2605 17 among among IN 20467 2605 18 the the DT 20467 2605 19 valuable valuable JJ 20467 2605 20 timber timber NN 20467 2605 21 trees tree NNS 20467 2605 22 ; ; : 20467 2605 23 Vermont,--escaped vermont,--escaped VB 20467 2605 24 from from IN 20467 2605 25 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2605 26 in in IN 20467 2605 27 many many JJ 20467 2605 28 places place NNS 20467 2605 29 ; ; : 20467 2605 30 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 2605 31 , , , 20467 2605 32 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2605 33 Island Island NNP 20467 2605 34 , , , 20467 2605 35 and and CC 20467 2605 36 Connecticut,--common connecticut,--common VB 20467 2605 37 in in IN 20467 2605 38 patches patch NNS 20467 2605 39 and and CC 20467 2605 40 thickets thicket NNS 20467 2605 41 and and CC 20467 2605 42 along along IN 20467 2605 43 the the DT 20467 2605 44 roadsides roadside NNS 20467 2605 45 and and CC 20467 2605 46 fences fence NNS 20467 2605 47 . . . 20467 2606 1 Native native JJ 20467 2606 2 from from IN 20467 2606 3 southern southern JJ 20467 2606 4 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 2606 5 along along IN 20467 2606 6 the the DT 20467 2606 7 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2606 8 to to IN 20467 2606 9 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2606 10 ; ; : 20467 2606 11 west west NN 20467 2606 12 to to IN 20467 2606 13 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 2606 14 and and CC 20467 2606 15 southward southward NNP 20467 2606 16 . . . 20467 2607 1 = = NFP 20467 2607 2 Habit.=--Mostly habit.=--mostly RB 20467 2607 3 a a DT 20467 2607 4 small small JJ 20467 2607 5 tree tree NN 20467 2607 6 , , , 20467 2607 7 20 20 CD 20467 2607 8 - - SYM 20467 2607 9 35 35 CD 20467 2607 10 feet foot NNS 20467 2607 11 high high JJ 20467 2607 12 , , , 20467 2607 13 under under IN 20467 2607 14 favorable favorable JJ 20467 2607 15 conditions condition NNS 20467 2607 16 reaching reach VBG 20467 2607 17 a a DT 20467 2607 18 height height NN 20467 2607 19 of of IN 20467 2607 20 50 50 CD 20467 2607 21 - - SYM 20467 2607 22 75 75 CD 20467 2607 23 feet foot NNS 20467 2607 24 ; ; : 20467 2607 25 trunk trunk NN 20467 2607 26 diameter diameter NN 20467 2607 27 8 8 CD 20467 2607 28 inches inch NNS 20467 2607 29 to to IN 20467 2607 30 2 2 CD 20467 2607 31 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2607 32 feet foot NNS 20467 2607 33 ; ; : 20467 2607 34 lower low JJR 20467 2607 35 branches branch NNS 20467 2607 36 thrown throw VBN 20467 2607 37 out out RP 20467 2607 38 horizontally horizontally RB 20467 2607 39 or or CC 20467 2607 40 at at IN 20467 2607 41 a a DT 20467 2607 42 broad broad JJ 20467 2607 43 angle angle NN 20467 2607 44 , , , 20467 2607 45 forming form VBG 20467 2607 46 a a DT 20467 2607 47 few few JJ 20467 2607 48 - - HYPH 20467 2607 49 branched branched JJ 20467 2607 50 , , , 20467 2607 51 spreading spread VBG 20467 2607 52 top top NN 20467 2607 53 , , , 20467 2607 54 clothed clothe VBN 20467 2607 55 with with IN 20467 2607 56 a a DT 20467 2607 57 tender tender NN 20467 2607 58 green green JJ 20467 2607 59 , , , 20467 2607 60 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2607 61 , , , 20467 2607 62 tremulous tremulous JJ 20467 2607 63 foliage foliage NN 20467 2607 64 , , , 20467 2607 65 and and CC 20467 2607 66 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2607 67 in in IN 20467 2607 68 early early JJ 20467 2607 69 June June NNP 20467 2607 70 by by IN 20467 2607 71 loose loose JJ 20467 2607 72 , , , 20467 2607 73 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 2607 74 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2607 75 of of IN 20467 2607 76 white white JJ 20467 2607 77 fragrant fragrant JJ 20467 2607 78 flowers flower NNS 20467 2607 79 . . . 20467 2608 1 = = NFP 20467 2608 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2608 3 of of IN 20467 2608 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2608 5 dark dark JJ 20467 2608 6 , , , 20467 2608 7 rough rough JJ 20467 2608 8 and and CC 20467 2608 9 seamy seamy JJ 20467 2608 10 even even RB 20467 2608 11 in in IN 20467 2608 12 young young JJ 20467 2608 13 trees tree NNS 20467 2608 14 , , , 20467 2608 15 and and CC 20467 2608 16 armed arm VBN 20467 2608 17 with with IN 20467 2608 18 stout stout JJ 20467 2608 19 prickles prickle NNS 20467 2608 20 which which WDT 20467 2608 21 disappear disappear VBP 20467 2608 22 as as IN 20467 2608 23 the the DT 20467 2608 24 tree tree NN 20467 2608 25 matures mature VBZ 20467 2608 26 ; ; : 20467 2608 27 in in IN 20467 2608 28 old old JJ 20467 2608 29 trees tree NNS 20467 2608 30 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 2608 31 , , , 20467 2608 32 deeply deeply RB 20467 2608 33 , , , 20467 2608 34 and and CC 20467 2608 35 firmly firmly RB 20467 2608 36 ridged ridge VBN 20467 2608 37 , , , 20467 2608 38 not not RB 20467 2608 39 flaky flaky JJ 20467 2608 40 ; ; : 20467 2608 41 larger large JJR 20467 2608 42 branches branch NNS 20467 2608 43 a a DT 20467 2608 44 dull dull JJ 20467 2608 45 brown brown JJ 20467 2608 46 , , , 20467 2608 47 rough rough JJ 20467 2608 48 ; ; : 20467 2608 49 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2608 50 grayish grayish NN 20467 2608 51 - - HYPH 20467 2608 52 brown brown NNP 20467 2608 53 , , , 20467 2608 54 armed arm VBN 20467 2608 55 with with IN 20467 2608 56 prickles prickle NNS 20467 2608 57 ; ; : 20467 2608 58 season season NN 20467 2608 59 's 's POS 20467 2608 60 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2608 61 green green JJ 20467 2608 62 , , , 20467 2608 63 more more RBR 20467 2608 64 or or CC 20467 2608 65 less less RBR 20467 2608 66 rough rough JJ 20467 2608 67 - - HYPH 20467 2608 68 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2608 69 , , , 20467 2608 70 thin thin JJ 20467 2608 71 , , , 20467 2608 72 and and CC 20467 2608 73 often often RB 20467 2608 74 striped stripe VBD 20467 2608 75 . . . 20467 2609 1 = = NFP 20467 2609 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2609 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2609 4 and and CC 20467 2609 5 Leaves.=--Winter Leaves.=--Winter NNP 20467 2609 6 buds bud NNS 20467 2609 7 minute minute NN 20467 2609 8 , , , 20467 2609 9 partially partially RB 20467 2609 10 sunken sink VBN 20467 2609 11 within within IN 20467 2609 12 the the DT 20467 2609 13 leaf leaf NN 20467 2609 14 - - HYPH 20467 2609 15 scar scar NN 20467 2609 16 . . . 20467 2610 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2610 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 2610 3 compound compound VBP 20467 2610 4 , , , 20467 2610 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2610 6 ; ; : 20467 2610 7 petiole petiole JJ 20467 2610 8 swollen swollen NN 20467 2610 9 at at IN 20467 2610 10 the the DT 20467 2610 11 base base NN 20467 2610 12 , , , 20467 2610 13 covering cover VBG 20467 2610 14 bud bud NN 20467 2610 15 of of IN 20467 2610 16 the the DT 20467 2610 17 next next JJ 20467 2610 18 season season NN 20467 2610 19 ; ; : 20467 2610 20 often often RB 20467 2610 21 with with IN 20467 2610 22 spines spine NNS 20467 2610 23 in in IN 20467 2610 24 the the DT 20467 2610 25 place place NN 20467 2610 26 of of IN 20467 2610 27 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2610 28 ; ; : 20467 2610 29 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 2610 30 7 7 CD 20467 2610 31 - - SYM 20467 2610 32 21 21 CD 20467 2610 33 , , , 20467 2610 34 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2610 35 or or CC 20467 2610 36 scattered scatter VBN 20467 2610 37 , , , 20467 2610 38 3/4 3/4 CD 20467 2610 39 - - HYPH 20467 2610 40 1 1 CD 20467 2610 41 - - HYPH 20467 2610 42 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 2610 43 inches inch NNS 20467 2610 44 long long JJ 20467 2610 45 , , , 20467 2610 46 about about RB 20467 2610 47 half half NN 20467 2610 48 as as RB 20467 2610 49 wide wide JJ 20467 2610 50 , , , 20467 2610 51 light light JJ 20467 2610 52 green green JJ 20467 2610 53 ; ; : 20467 2610 54 outline outline NN 20467 2610 55 ovate ovate NN 20467 2610 56 or or CC 20467 2610 57 oval oval NN 20467 2610 58 - - HYPH 20467 2610 59 oblong oblong NN 20467 2610 60 ; ; : 20467 2610 61 apex apex NN 20467 2610 62 round round NN 20467 2610 63 or or CC 20467 2610 64 obtuse obtuse VBP 20467 2610 65 , , , 20467 2610 66 tipped tip VBN 20467 2610 67 with with IN 20467 2610 68 a a DT 20467 2610 69 minute minute NN 20467 2610 70 point point NN 20467 2610 71 ; ; : 20467 2610 72 base base NN 20467 2610 73 truncate truncate NNP 20467 2610 74 , , , 20467 2610 75 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2610 76 , , , 20467 2610 77 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2610 78 or or CC 20467 2610 79 acutish acutish VB 20467 2610 80 ; ; : 20467 2610 81 distinctly distinctly RB 20467 2610 82 short short RB 20467 2610 83 - - HYPH 20467 2610 84 stalked stalk VBN 20467 2610 85 ; ; : 20467 2610 86 stipellate stipellate JJ 20467 2610 87 at at IN 20467 2610 88 first first RB 20467 2610 89 . . . 20467 2611 1 = = NFP 20467 2611 2 Inflorescence.=--Late Inflorescence.=--Late NNP 20467 2611 3 May May NNP 20467 2611 4 or or CC 20467 2611 5 early early JJ 20467 2611 6 June June NNP 20467 2611 7 . . . 20467 2612 1 Showy showy JJ 20467 2612 2 and and CC 20467 2612 3 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2612 4 , , , 20467 2612 5 in in IN 20467 2612 6 loose loose JJ 20467 2612 7 , , , 20467 2612 8 pendent pendent NN 20467 2612 9 , , , 20467 2612 10 axillary axillary JJ 20467 2612 11 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2612 12 ; ; : 20467 2612 13 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2612 14 short short JJ 20467 2612 15 , , , 20467 2612 16 bell bell NNP 20467 2612 17 - - HYPH 20467 2612 18 shaped shape VBN 20467 2612 19 , , , 20467 2612 20 5-cleft 5-cleft CD 20467 2612 21 , , , 20467 2612 22 the the DT 20467 2612 23 two two CD 20467 2612 24 upper upper JJ 20467 2612 25 segments segment NNS 20467 2612 26 mostly mostly RB 20467 2612 27 coherent coherent JJ 20467 2612 28 ; ; : 20467 2612 29 corolla corolla NN 20467 2612 30 shaped shape VBD 20467 2612 31 like like IN 20467 2612 32 a a DT 20467 2612 33 pea pea JJ 20467 2612 34 blossom blossom NNS 20467 2612 35 , , , 20467 2612 36 the the DT 20467 2612 37 upper upper JJ 20467 2612 38 petal petal JJ 20467 2612 39 large large JJ 20467 2612 40 , , , 20467 2612 41 side side NN 20467 2612 42 petals petal NNS 20467 2612 43 obtuse obtuse VBP 20467 2612 44 and and CC 20467 2612 45 separate separate JJ 20467 2612 46 ; ; : 20467 2612 47 style style NN 20467 2612 48 and and CC 20467 2612 49 stigma stigma NN 20467 2612 50 simple simple JJ 20467 2612 51 . . . 20467 2613 1 = = NFP 20467 2613 2 Fruit.=--A Fruit.=--A NNS 20467 2613 3 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2613 4 , , , 20467 2613 5 dark dark JJ 20467 2613 6 brown brown JJ 20467 2613 7 , , , 20467 2613 8 flat flat JJ 20467 2613 9 pod pod NN 20467 2613 10 , , , 20467 2613 11 about about RB 20467 2613 12 3 3 CD 20467 2613 13 inches inch NNS 20467 2613 14 long long JJ 20467 2613 15 , , , 20467 2613 16 containing contain VBG 20467 2613 17 several several JJ 20467 2613 18 small small JJ 20467 2613 19 brown brown JJ 20467 2613 20 flattish flattish JJ 20467 2613 21 seeds seed NNS 20467 2613 22 , , , 20467 2613 23 remaining remain VBG 20467 2613 24 on on IN 20467 2613 25 the the DT 20467 2613 26 tree tree NN 20467 2613 27 throughout throughout IN 20467 2613 28 the the DT 20467 2613 29 winter winter NN 20467 2613 30 . . . 20467 2614 1 = = NFP 20467 2614 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2614 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2614 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2614 5 New New NNP 20467 2614 6 England England NNP 20467 2614 7 in in IN 20467 2614 8 all all DT 20467 2614 9 dry dry JJ 20467 2614 10 , , , 20467 2614 11 sunny sunny JJ 20467 2614 12 situations situation NNS 20467 2614 13 , , , 20467 2614 14 of of IN 20467 2614 15 rapid rapid JJ 20467 2614 16 growth growth NN 20467 2614 17 , , , 20467 2614 18 spreading spread VBG 20467 2614 19 by by IN 20467 2614 20 underground underground JJ 20467 2614 21 stems stem NNS 20467 2614 22 , , , 20467 2614 23 ordinarily ordinarily RB 20467 2614 24 short short RB 20467 2614 25 - - HYPH 20467 2614 26 lived lived JJ 20467 2614 27 and and CC 20467 2614 28 subject subject JJ 20467 2614 29 to to IN 20467 2614 30 serious serious JJ 20467 2614 31 injury injury NN 20467 2614 32 by by IN 20467 2614 33 the the DT 20467 2614 34 attacks attack NNS 20467 2614 35 of of IN 20467 2614 36 borers borer NNS 20467 2614 37 . . . 20467 2615 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2615 2 procurable procurable VB 20467 2615 3 in in IN 20467 2615 4 large large JJ 20467 2615 5 quantities quantity NNS 20467 2615 6 at at IN 20467 2615 7 a a DT 20467 2615 8 low low JJ 20467 2615 9 rate rate NN 20467 2615 10 . . . 20467 2616 1 In in IN 20467 2616 2 Europe Europe NNP 20467 2616 3 there there EX 20467 2616 4 are be VBP 20467 2616 5 many many JJ 20467 2616 6 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2616 7 forms form NNS 20467 2616 8 , , , 20467 2616 9 a a DT 20467 2616 10 few few JJ 20467 2616 11 of of IN 20467 2616 12 which which WDT 20467 2616 13 are be VBP 20467 2616 14 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2616 15 offered offer VBN 20467 2616 16 in in IN 20467 2616 17 American american JJ 20467 2616 18 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2616 19 . . . 20467 2617 1 The the DT 20467 2617 2 type type NN 20467 2617 3 is be VBZ 20467 2617 4 propagated propagate VBN 20467 2617 5 from from IN 20467 2617 6 seed seed NN 20467 2617 7 , , , 20467 2617 8 the the DT 20467 2617 9 forms form NNS 20467 2617 10 by by IN 20467 2617 11 grafting graft VBG 20467 2617 12 . . . 20467 2618 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2618 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2618 3 : : : 20467 2618 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2618 5 LXVII.--Robinia LXVII.--Robinia NNP 20467 2618 6 Pseudacacia Pseudacacia NNP 20467 2618 7 . . . 20467 2618 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2619 1 1 1 LS 20467 2619 2 . . . 20467 2620 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2620 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2620 3 . . . 20467 2621 1 2 2 LS 20467 2621 2 . . . 20467 2622 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2622 2 branch branch NN 20467 2622 3 . . . 20467 2623 1 3 3 LS 20467 2623 2 . . . 20467 2624 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2624 2 with with IN 20467 2624 3 corolla corolla NN 20467 2624 4 removed remove VBD 20467 2624 5 . . . 20467 2625 1 4 4 LS 20467 2625 2 . . . 20467 2626 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2626 2 branch branch NN 20467 2626 3 . . . 20467 2627 1 = = NFP 20467 2627 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 2627 3 viscosa viscosa NNS 20467 2627 4 , , , 20467 2627 5 Vent.= Vent.= NNP 20467 2627 6 CLAMMY CLAMMY NNP 20467 2627 7 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 20467 2627 8 . . . 20467 2628 1 This this DT 20467 2628 2 tree tree NN 20467 2628 3 appears appear VBZ 20467 2628 4 to to TO 20467 2628 5 be be VB 20467 2628 6 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 2628 7 established establish VBN 20467 2628 8 in in IN 20467 2628 9 southern southern JJ 20467 2628 10 Canada Canada NNP 20467 2628 11 and and CC 20467 2628 12 at at IN 20467 2628 13 many many JJ 20467 2628 14 points point NNS 20467 2628 15 throughout throughout IN 20467 2628 16 New New NNP 20467 2628 17 England England NNP 20467 2628 18 . . . 20467 2629 1 Common common JJ 20467 2629 2 in in IN 20467 2629 3 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2629 4 and and CC 20467 2629 5 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2629 6 established establish VBN 20467 2629 7 through through IN 20467 2629 8 the the DT 20467 2629 9 middle middle JJ 20467 2629 10 states state NNS 20467 2629 11 ; ; : 20467 2629 12 native native JJ 20467 2629 13 from from IN 20467 2629 14 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 2629 15 along along IN 20467 2629 16 the the DT 20467 2629 17 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2629 18 of of IN 20467 2629 19 North North NNP 20467 2629 20 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 2629 21 , , , 20467 2629 22 South South NNP 20467 2629 23 Carolina Carolina NNP 20467 2629 24 , , , 20467 2629 25 and and CC 20467 2629 26 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2629 27 . . . 20467 2630 1 Easily easily RB 20467 2630 2 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2630 3 from from IN 20467 2630 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2630 5 R. R. NNP 20467 2631 1 Pseudacacia Pseudacacia NNP 20467 2631 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2631 3 by by IN 20467 2631 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2631 5 smaller small JJR 20467 2631 6 size size NN 20467 2631 7 , , , 20467 2631 8 glandular glandular JJ 20467 2631 9 , , , 20467 2631 10 viscid viscid JJ 20467 2631 11 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2631 12 , , , 20467 2631 13 later later JJ 20467 2631 14 period period NN 20467 2631 15 of of IN 20467 2631 16 blossoming blossom VBG 20467 2631 17 , , , 20467 2631 18 and and CC 20467 2631 19 by by IN 20467 2631 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2631 21 more more RBR 20467 2631 22 compact compact JJ 20467 2631 23 , , , 20467 2631 24 usually usually RB 20467 2631 25 upright upright JJ 20467 2631 26 , , , 20467 2631 27 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2631 28 fragrant fragrant JJ 20467 2631 29 , , , 20467 2631 30 rose rise VBD 20467 2631 31 - - HYPH 20467 2631 32 colored color VBN 20467 2631 33 flower flower NN 20467 2631 34 - - HYPH 20467 2631 35 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2631 36 . . . 20467 2632 1 SIMARUBACEÆ SIMARUBACEÆ NNS 20467 2632 2 . . . 20467 2633 1 AILANTHUS AILANTHUS NNP 20467 2633 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2633 3 . . . 20467 2634 1 = = NFP 20467 2634 2 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 2634 3 glandulosus glandulosus NN 20467 2634 4 , , , 20467 2634 5 Desf.= Desf.= NNP 20467 2634 6 AILANTHUS AILANTHUS NNP 20467 2634 7 . . . 20467 2635 1 TREE tree JJ 20467 2635 2 - - HYPH 20467 2635 3 OF of NN 20467 2635 4 - - HYPH 20467 2635 5 HEAVEN heaven NN 20467 2635 6 . . . 20467 2636 1 CHINESE CHINESE NNP 20467 2636 2 SUMAC SUMAC NNP 20467 2636 3 . . . 20467 2637 1 Sparsely sparsely RB 20467 2637 2 and and CC 20467 2637 3 locally locally RB 20467 2637 4 naturalized naturalize VBN 20467 2637 5 in in IN 20467 2637 6 southern southern JJ 20467 2637 7 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2637 8 , , , 20467 2637 9 New New NNP 20467 2637 10 England England NNP 20467 2637 11 , , , 20467 2637 12 and and CC 20467 2637 13 southward southward NNP 20467 2637 14 . . . 20467 2638 1 A a DT 20467 2638 2 native native NN 20467 2638 3 of of IN 20467 2638 4 China China NNP 20467 2638 5 ; ; : 20467 2638 6 first first RB 20467 2638 7 introduced introduce VBN 20467 2638 8 into into IN 20467 2638 9 the the DT 20467 2638 10 United United NNP 20467 2638 11 States States NNP 20467 2638 12 on on IN 20467 2638 13 an an DT 20467 2638 14 extensive extensive JJ 20467 2638 15 scale scale NN 20467 2638 16 in in IN 20467 2638 17 1820 1820 CD 20467 2638 18 at at IN 20467 2638 19 Flushing Flushing NNP 20467 2638 20 , , , 20467 2638 21 Long Long NNP 20467 2638 22 Island Island NNP 20467 2638 23 ; ; : 20467 2638 24 afterwards afterwards RB 20467 2638 25 disseminated disseminate VBN 20467 2638 26 by by IN 20467 2638 27 nursery nursery NN 20467 2638 28 plants plant NNS 20467 2638 29 and and CC 20467 2638 30 by by IN 20467 2638 31 seed seed NN 20467 2638 32 distributed distribute VBN 20467 2638 33 from from IN 20467 2638 34 the the DT 20467 2638 35 Agricultural Agricultural NNP 20467 2638 36 Department Department NNP 20467 2638 37 at at IN 20467 2638 38 Washington Washington NNP 20467 2638 39 . . . 20467 2639 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2639 2 rapid rapid JJ 20467 2639 3 growth growth NN 20467 2639 4 , , , 20467 2639 5 ability ability NN 20467 2639 6 to to TO 20467 2639 7 withstand withstand VB 20467 2639 8 considerable considerable JJ 20467 2639 9 variations variation NNS 20467 2639 10 in in IN 20467 2639 11 temperature temperature NN 20467 2639 12 , , , 20467 2639 13 and and CC 20467 2639 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2639 15 dark dark JJ 20467 2639 16 luxuriant luxuriant JJ 20467 2639 17 foliage foliage NN 20467 2639 18 made make VBD 20467 2639 19 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2639 20 a a DT 20467 2639 21 great great JJ 20467 2639 22 favorite favorite NN 20467 2639 23 for for IN 20467 2639 24 shade shade NN 20467 2639 25 and and CC 20467 2639 26 ornament ornament NN 20467 2639 27 . . . 20467 2640 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2640 2 was be VBD 20467 2640 3 planted plant VBN 20467 2640 4 extensively extensively RB 20467 2640 5 in in IN 20467 2640 6 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 20467 2640 7 and and CC 20467 2640 8 New New NNP 20467 2640 9 York York NNP 20467 2640 10 , , , 20467 2640 11 and and CC 20467 2640 12 generally generally RB 20467 2640 13 throughout throughout IN 20467 2640 14 the the DT 20467 2640 15 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2640 16 sections section NNS 20467 2640 17 of of IN 20467 2640 18 the the DT 20467 2640 19 country country NN 20467 2640 20 . . . 20467 2641 1 When when WRB 20467 2641 2 these these DT 20467 2641 3 trees tree NNS 20467 2641 4 began begin VBD 20467 2641 5 to to TO 20467 2641 6 fill fill VB 20467 2641 7 the the DT 20467 2641 8 ground ground NN 20467 2641 9 with with IN 20467 2641 10 suckers sucker NNS 20467 2641 11 and and CC 20467 2641 12 the the DT 20467 2641 13 vile vile JJ 20467 2641 14 - - HYPH 20467 2641 15 scented scented JJ 20467 2641 16 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2641 17 flowers flower NNS 20467 2641 18 poisoned poison VBD 20467 2641 19 the the DT 20467 2641 20 balmy balmy JJ 20467 2641 21 air air NN 20467 2641 22 of of IN 20467 2641 23 June June NNP 20467 2641 24 and and CC 20467 2641 25 the the DT 20467 2641 26 water water NN 20467 2641 27 in in IN 20467 2641 28 the the DT 20467 2641 29 cisterns cistern NNS 20467 2641 30 , , , 20467 2641 31 occasioning occasion VBG 20467 2641 32 many many JJ 20467 2641 33 distressing distress VBG 20467 2641 34 cases case NNS 20467 2641 35 of of IN 20467 2641 36 nausea nausea NN 20467 2641 37 , , , 20467 2641 38 a a DT 20467 2641 39 reaction reaction NN 20467 2641 40 set set VBN 20467 2641 41 in in RP 20467 2641 42 and and CC 20467 2641 43 hundreds hundred NNS 20467 2641 44 of of IN 20467 2641 45 trees tree NNS 20467 2641 46 were be VBD 20467 2641 47 cut cut VBN 20467 2641 48 down down RP 20467 2641 49 . . . 20467 2642 1 The the DT 20467 2642 2 female female JJ 20467 2642 3 trees tree NNS 20467 2642 4 , , , 20467 2642 5 against against IN 20467 2642 6 the the DT 20467 2642 7 blossoms blossom NNS 20467 2642 8 of of IN 20467 2642 9 which which WDT 20467 2642 10 no no DT 20467 2642 11 such such JJ 20467 2642 12 objection objection NN 20467 2642 13 lay lie VBD 20467 2642 14 , , , 20467 2642 15 were be VBD 20467 2642 16 allowed allow VBN 20467 2642 17 to to TO 20467 2642 18 grow grow VB 20467 2642 19 , , , 20467 2642 20 and and CC 20467 2642 21 have have VBP 20467 2642 22 often often RB 20467 2642 23 attained attain VBN 20467 2642 24 a a DT 20467 2642 25 height height NN 20467 2642 26 of of IN 20467 2642 27 50 50 CD 20467 2642 28 - - SYM 20467 2642 29 75 75 CD 20467 2642 30 feet foot NNS 20467 2642 31 , , , 20467 2642 32 with with IN 20467 2642 33 a a DT 20467 2642 34 trunk trunk NN 20467 2642 35 diameter diameter NN 20467 2642 36 of of IN 20467 2642 37 3 3 CD 20467 2642 38 - - SYM 20467 2642 39 5 5 CD 20467 2642 40 feet foot NNS 20467 2642 41 . . . 20467 2643 1 The the DT 20467 2643 2 fruit fruit NN 20467 2643 3 is be VBZ 20467 2643 4 very very RB 20467 2643 5 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 2643 6 , , , 20467 2643 7 consisting consist VBG 20467 2643 8 of of IN 20467 2643 9 profuse profuse NN 20467 2643 10 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2643 11 of of IN 20467 2643 12 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2643 13 pinkish pinkish NN 20467 2643 14 or or CC 20467 2643 15 greenish greenish NN 20467 2643 16 keys key NNS 20467 2643 17 . . . 20467 2644 1 The the DT 20467 2644 2 tree tree NN 20467 2644 3 is be VBZ 20467 2644 4 easily easily RB 20467 2644 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2644 6 by by IN 20467 2644 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2644 8 ill ill JJ 20467 2644 9 - - HYPH 20467 2644 10 scented scented JJ 20467 2644 11 compound compound NN 20467 2644 12 leaves leave NNS 20467 2644 13 , , , 20467 2644 14 often often RB 20467 2644 15 2 2 CD 20467 2644 16 - - SYM 20467 2644 17 3 3 CD 20467 2644 18 feet foot NNS 20467 2644 19 long long JJ 20467 2644 20 , , , 20467 2644 21 by by IN 20467 2644 22 the the DT 20467 2644 23 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2644 24 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 2644 25 , , , 20467 2644 26 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2644 27 exceeding exceed VBG 20467 2644 28 40 40 CD 20467 2644 29 , , , 20467 2644 30 each each DT 20467 2644 31 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2644 32 , , , 20467 2644 33 or or CC 20467 2644 34 ovate ovate NN 20467 2644 35 - - HYPH 20467 2644 36 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2644 37 , , , 20467 2644 38 with with IN 20467 2644 39 one one CD 20467 2644 40 or or CC 20467 2644 41 two two CD 20467 2644 42 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2644 43 near near IN 20467 2644 44 the the DT 20467 2644 45 base base NN 20467 2644 46 , , , 20467 2644 47 by by IN 20467 2644 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2644 49 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 2644 50 growth growth NN 20467 2644 51 from from IN 20467 2644 52 suckers sucker NNS 20467 2644 53 , , , 20467 2644 54 and and CC 20467 2644 55 in in IN 20467 2644 56 winter winter NN 20467 2644 57 by by IN 20467 2644 58 the the DT 20467 2644 59 coarse coarse JJ 20467 2644 60 , , , 20467 2644 61 blunt blunt JJ 20467 2644 62 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2644 63 and and CC 20467 2644 64 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2644 65 , , , 20467 2644 66 heart heart NN 20467 2644 67 - - HYPH 20467 2644 68 shaped shape VBN 20467 2644 69 leaf leaf NN 20467 2644 70 - - HYPH 20467 2644 71 scars scar NNS 20467 2644 72 . . . 20467 2645 1 ANACARDIACEÆ ANACARDIACEÆ NNP 20467 2645 2 . . . 20467 2646 1 SUMAC SUMAC NNP 20467 2646 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2646 3 . . . 20467 2647 1 = = NFP 20467 2647 2 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 2647 3 typhina typhina NNP 20467 2647 4 , , , 20467 2647 5 L.= L.= NNP 20467 2647 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2647 7 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 2647 8 hirta hirta NNP 20467 2647 9 , , , 20467 2647 10 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 2647 11 . . . 20467 2647 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2647 13 STAGHORN STAGHORN NNP 20467 2647 14 SUMAC SUMAC NNP 20467 2647 15 . . . 20467 2648 1 = = NFP 20467 2648 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2648 3 and and CC 20467 2648 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2648 5 widely widely RB 20467 2648 6 varying vary VBG 20467 2648 7 soils soil NNS 20467 2648 8 and and CC 20467 2648 9 localities locality NNS 20467 2648 10 ; ; : 20467 2648 11 river river NN 20467 2648 12 banks bank NNS 20467 2648 13 , , , 20467 2648 14 rocky rocky JJ 20467 2648 15 slopes slope NNS 20467 2648 16 to to IN 20467 2648 17 an an DT 20467 2648 18 altitude altitude NN 20467 2648 19 of of IN 20467 2648 20 2000 2000 CD 20467 2648 21 feet foot NNS 20467 2648 22 , , , 20467 2648 23 cellar cellar NN 20467 2648 24 - - HYPH 20467 2648 25 holes hole NNS 20467 2648 26 and and CC 20467 2648 27 waste waste NN 20467 2648 28 places place NNS 20467 2648 29 generally generally RB 20467 2648 30 , , , 20467 2648 31 often often RB 20467 2648 32 forming form VBG 20467 2648 33 copses copse NNS 20467 2648 34 . . . 20467 2649 1 From from IN 20467 2649 2 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2649 3 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2649 4 to to IN 20467 2649 5 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2649 6 Huron Huron NNP 20467 2649 7 . . . 20467 2650 1 Common common JJ 20467 2650 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 2650 3 New New NNP 20467 2650 4 England England NNP 20467 2650 5 . . . 20467 2651 1 South south RB 20467 2651 2 to to IN 20467 2651 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2651 4 ; ; : 20467 2651 5 west west NN 20467 2651 6 to to IN 20467 2651 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2651 8 and and CC 20467 2651 9 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2651 10 . . . 20467 2652 1 = = NFP 20467 2652 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNPS 20467 2652 3 shrub shrub NN 20467 2652 4 , , , 20467 2652 5 or or CC 20467 2652 6 small small JJ 20467 2652 7 tree tree NN 20467 2652 8 , , , 20467 2652 9 rarely rarely RB 20467 2652 10 exceeding exceed VBG 20467 2652 11 25 25 CD 20467 2652 12 feet foot NNS 20467 2652 13 in in IN 20467 2652 14 height height NN 20467 2652 15 ; ; : 20467 2652 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 2652 17 8 8 CD 20467 2652 18 - - SYM 20467 2652 19 10 10 CD 20467 2652 20 inches inch NNS 20467 2652 21 in in IN 20467 2652 22 diameter diameter NN 20467 2652 23 ; ; : 20467 2652 24 branches branch NNS 20467 2652 25 straggling straggle VBG 20467 2652 26 , , , 20467 2652 27 thickish thickish NN 20467 2652 28 , , , 20467 2652 29 mostly mostly RB 20467 2652 30 crooked crooked JJ 20467 2652 31 when when WRB 20467 2652 32 old old JJ 20467 2652 33 ; ; : 20467 2652 34 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2652 35 forked fork VBD 20467 2652 36 , , , 20467 2652 37 straight straight RB 20467 2652 38 , , , 20467 2652 39 often often RB 20467 2652 40 killed kill VBN 20467 2652 41 at at IN 20467 2652 42 the the DT 20467 2652 43 tips tip NNS 20467 2652 44 several several JJ 20467 2652 45 inches inch NNS 20467 2652 46 by by IN 20467 2652 47 the the DT 20467 2652 48 frost frost NN 20467 2652 49 ; ; : 20467 2652 50 head head VB 20467 2652 51 very very RB 20467 2652 52 open open JJ 20467 2652 53 , , , 20467 2652 54 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2652 55 , , , 20467 2652 56 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2652 57 by by IN 20467 2652 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2652 59 velvety velvety NN 20467 2652 60 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2652 61 , , , 20467 2652 62 ample ample JJ 20467 2652 63 , , , 20467 2652 64 elegant elegant JJ 20467 2652 65 foliage foliage NN 20467 2652 66 , , , 20467 2652 67 turning turn VBG 20467 2652 68 in in RP 20467 2652 69 early early JJ 20467 2652 70 autumn autumn NN 20467 2652 71 to to IN 20467 2652 72 rich rich JJ 20467 2652 73 yellows yellow NNS 20467 2652 74 and and CC 20467 2652 75 reds red NNS 20467 2652 76 , , , 20467 2652 77 and and CC 20467 2652 78 by by IN 20467 2652 79 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2652 80 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 2652 81 , , , 20467 2652 82 soft soft RB 20467 2652 83 - - HYPH 20467 2652 84 looking look VBG 20467 2652 85 crimson crimson NN 20467 2652 86 cones cone NNS 20467 2652 87 . . . 20467 2653 1 = = NFP 20467 2653 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2653 3 of of IN 20467 2653 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 2653 5 light light NNP 20467 2653 6 brown brown NNP 20467 2653 7 , , , 20467 2653 8 mottled mottle VBN 20467 2653 9 with with IN 20467 2653 10 gray gray NNP 20467 2653 11 , , , 20467 2653 12 becoming become VBG 20467 2653 13 dark dark JJ 20467 2653 14 brownish brownish JJ 20467 2653 15 - - HYPH 20467 2653 16 gray gray NN 20467 2653 17 and and CC 20467 2653 18 more more JJR 20467 2653 19 or or CC 20467 2653 20 less less RBR 20467 2653 21 rough rough JJ 20467 2653 22 - - HYPH 20467 2653 23 scaly scaly NNS 20467 2653 24 in in IN 20467 2653 25 old old JJ 20467 2653 26 trees tree NNS 20467 2653 27 ; ; : 20467 2653 28 the the DT 20467 2653 29 season season NN 20467 2653 30 's 's POS 20467 2653 31 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2653 32 densely densely RB 20467 2653 33 covered cover VBN 20467 2653 34 with with IN 20467 2653 35 velvety velvety NN 20467 2653 36 hairs hair NNS 20467 2653 37 , , , 20467 2653 38 like like IN 20467 2653 39 the the DT 20467 2653 40 young young JJ 20467 2653 41 horns horn NNS 20467 2653 42 of of IN 20467 2653 43 deer deer NN 20467 2653 44 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2653 45 giving give VBG 20467 2653 46 rise rise NN 20467 2653 47 to to IN 20467 2653 48 the the DT 20467 2653 49 common common JJ 20467 2653 50 name name NN 20467 2653 51 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2653 52 , , , 20467 2653 53 the the DT 20467 2653 54 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 2653 55 disappearing disappear VBG 20467 2653 56 after after IN 20467 2653 57 two two CD 20467 2653 58 or or CC 20467 2653 59 three three CD 20467 2653 60 years year NNS 20467 2653 61 ; ; : 20467 2653 62 the the DT 20467 2653 63 extremities extremity NNS 20467 2653 64 dotted dot VBN 20467 2653 65 with with IN 20467 2653 66 minute minute JJ 20467 2653 67 orange orange JJ 20467 2653 68 spots spot NNS 20467 2653 69 which which WDT 20467 2653 70 enlarge enlarge VBP 20467 2653 71 laterally laterally RB 20467 2653 72 in in IN 20467 2653 73 successive successive JJ 20467 2653 74 seasons season NNS 20467 2653 75 , , , 20467 2653 76 giving give VBG 20467 2653 77 a a DT 20467 2653 78 roughish roughish JJ 20467 2653 79 feeling feeling NN 20467 2653 80 to to IN 20467 2653 81 the the DT 20467 2653 82 branches branch NNS 20467 2653 83 . . . 20467 2654 1 = = NFP 20467 2654 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2654 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2654 4 and and CC 20467 2654 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2654 6 roundish roundish NNP 20467 2654 7 , , , 20467 2654 8 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2654 9 , , , 20467 2654 10 densely densely RB 20467 2654 11 covered cover VBN 20467 2654 12 with with IN 20467 2654 13 tawny tawny JJ 20467 2654 14 wool wool NN 20467 2654 15 , , , 20467 2654 16 sunk sink VBN 20467 2654 17 within within IN 20467 2654 18 a a DT 20467 2654 19 large large JJ 20467 2654 20 leaf leaf NN 20467 2654 21 - - HYPH 20467 2654 22 scar scar NN 20467 2654 23 . . . 20467 2655 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2655 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 2655 3 compound compound VBP 20467 2655 4 , , , 20467 2655 5 1 1 CD 20467 2655 6 - - SYM 20467 2655 7 2 2 CD 20467 2655 8 feet foot NNS 20467 2655 9 long long JJ 20467 2655 10 ; ; : 20467 2655 11 stalk stalk NNP 20467 2655 12 hairy hairy NNP 20467 2655 13 , , , 20467 2655 14 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2655 15 above above RB 20467 2655 16 , , , 20467 2655 17 enlarged enlarge VBN 20467 2655 18 at at IN 20467 2655 19 base base NN 20467 2655 20 covering cover VBG 20467 2655 21 the the DT 20467 2655 22 axillary axillary JJ 20467 2655 23 bud bud NN 20467 2655 24 ; ; : 20467 2655 25 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 2655 26 11 11 CD 20467 2655 27 - - SYM 20467 2655 28 31 31 CD 20467 2655 29 , , , 20467 2655 30 mostly mostly RB 20467 2655 31 in in IN 20467 2655 32 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2655 33 pairs pair NNS 20467 2655 34 , , , 20467 2655 35 the the DT 20467 2655 36 middle middle JJ 20467 2655 37 pair pair NNP 20467 2655 38 longest long JJS 20467 2655 39 , , , 20467 2655 40 nearly nearly RB 20467 2655 41 sessile sessile JJ 20467 2655 42 except except IN 20467 2655 43 the the DT 20467 2655 44 odd odd JJ 20467 2655 45 one one CD 20467 2655 46 , , , 20467 2655 47 2 2 CD 20467 2655 48 - - SYM 20467 2655 49 4 4 CD 20467 2655 50 inches inch NNS 20467 2655 51 long long JJ 20467 2655 52 ; ; : 20467 2655 53 dark dark JJ 20467 2655 54 green green NN 20467 2655 55 above above RB 20467 2655 56 , , , 20467 2655 57 light light JJ 20467 2655 58 and and CC 20467 2655 59 often often RB 20467 2655 60 downy downy JJ 20467 2655 61 beneath beneath RB 20467 2655 62 ; ; : 20467 2655 63 outline outline NN 20467 2655 64 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2655 65 to to IN 20467 2655 66 broad broad JJ 20467 2655 67 - - HYPH 20467 2655 68 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2655 69 or or CC 20467 2655 70 broad broad JJ 20467 2655 71 - - HYPH 20467 2655 72 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2655 73 , , , 20467 2655 74 usually usually RB 20467 2655 75 serrate serrate VBP 20467 2655 76 , , , 20467 2655 77 rarely rarely RB 20467 2655 78 laciniate laciniate JJ 20467 2655 79 , , , 20467 2655 80 long long RB 20467 2655 81 - - HYPH 20467 2655 82 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2655 83 , , , 20467 2655 84 slightly slightly RB 20467 2655 85 heart heart NN 20467 2655 86 - - HYPH 20467 2655 87 shaped shape VBN 20467 2655 88 or or CC 20467 2655 89 rounded round VBN 20467 2655 90 at at IN 20467 2655 91 base base NN 20467 2655 92 ; ; : 20467 2655 93 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 2655 94 none none NN 20467 2655 95 . . . 20467 2656 1 = = NFP 20467 2656 2 Inflorescence.=--June inflorescence.=--june NN 20467 2656 3 to to IN 20467 2656 4 July July NNP 20467 2656 5 . . . 20467 2657 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 2657 2 in in IN 20467 2657 3 dense dense JJ 20467 2657 4 terminal terminal NN 20467 2657 5 , , , 20467 2657 6 thyrsoid thyrsoid JJ 20467 2657 7 panicles panicle NNS 20467 2657 8 , , , 20467 2657 9 often often RB 20467 2657 10 a a DT 20467 2657 11 foot foot NN 20467 2657 12 in in IN 20467 2657 13 length length NN 20467 2657 14 and and CC 20467 2657 15 5 5 CD 20467 2657 16 - - SYM 20467 2657 17 6 6 CD 20467 2657 18 inches inch NNS 20467 2657 19 wide wide JJ 20467 2657 20 ; ; : 20467 2657 21 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2657 22 and and CC 20467 2657 23 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2657 24 mostly mostly RB 20467 2657 25 on on IN 20467 2657 26 separate separate JJ 20467 2657 27 trees tree NNS 20467 2657 28 , , , 20467 2657 29 but but CC 20467 2657 30 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2657 31 , , , 20467 2657 32 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2657 33 , , , 20467 2657 34 and and CC 20467 2657 35 perfect perfect JJ 20467 2657 36 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2657 37 on on IN 20467 2657 38 the the DT 20467 2657 39 same same JJ 20467 2657 40 tree tree NN 20467 2657 41 ; ; : 20467 2657 42 calyx calyx NN 20467 2657 43 small small JJ 20467 2657 44 , , , 20467 2657 45 the the DT 20467 2657 46 5 5 CD 20467 2657 47 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2657 48 , , , 20467 2657 49 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2657 50 - - HYPH 20467 2657 51 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 2657 52 sepals sepal NNS 20467 2657 53 united unite VBN 20467 2657 54 at at IN 20467 2657 55 the the DT 20467 2657 56 base base NN 20467 2657 57 and and CC 20467 2657 58 , , , 20467 2657 59 in in IN 20467 2657 60 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2657 61 flowers flower NNS 20467 2657 62 , , , 20467 2657 63 about about IN 20467 2657 64 half half PDT 20467 2657 65 the the DT 20467 2657 66 length length NN 20467 2657 67 of of IN 20467 2657 68 the the DT 20467 2657 69 usually usually RB 20467 2657 70 recurved recurve VBN 20467 2657 71 petals petal NNS 20467 2657 72 ; ; , 20467 2657 73 stamens stamens NNP 20467 2657 74 5 5 CD 20467 2657 75 , , , 20467 2657 76 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2657 77 exserted exserted JJ 20467 2657 78 ; ; : 20467 2657 79 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2657 80 abortive abortive NN 20467 2657 81 , , , 20467 2657 82 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2657 83 ; ; : 20467 2657 84 in in IN 20467 2657 85 the the DT 20467 2657 86 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2657 87 flowers flower NNS 20467 2657 88 the the DT 20467 2657 89 sepals sepal NNS 20467 2657 90 are be VBP 20467 2657 91 nearly nearly RB 20467 2657 92 as as RB 20467 2657 93 long long RB 20467 2657 94 as as IN 20467 2657 95 the the DT 20467 2657 96 upright upright JJ 20467 2657 97 petals petal NNS 20467 2657 98 ; ; , 20467 2657 99 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2657 100 short short JJ 20467 2657 101 ; ; : 20467 2657 102 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2657 103 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2657 104 , , , 20467 2657 105 1-celled 1-celled CD 20467 2657 106 , , , 20467 2657 107 with with IN 20467 2657 108 3 3 CD 20467 2657 109 short short JJ 20467 2657 110 styles style NNS 20467 2657 111 and and CC 20467 2657 112 3 3 CD 20467 2657 113 spreading spread VBG 20467 2657 114 stigmas stigma NNS 20467 2657 115 . . . 20467 2658 1 = = NFP 20467 2658 2 Fruit.=--In Fruit.=--In `` 20467 2658 3 compound compound JJ 20467 2658 4 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2658 5 panicles panicle NNS 20467 2658 6 , , , 20467 2658 7 6 6 CD 20467 2658 8 - - SYM 20467 2658 9 10 10 CD 20467 2658 10 or or CC 20467 2658 11 12 12 CD 20467 2658 12 inches inch NNS 20467 2658 13 long long JJ 20467 2658 14 , , , 20467 2658 15 made make VBN 20467 2658 16 up up RP 20467 2658 17 of of IN 20467 2658 18 small small JJ 20467 2658 19 , , , 20467 2658 20 dryish dryish JJ 20467 2658 21 , , , 20467 2658 22 smooth smooth RB 20467 2658 23 - - HYPH 20467 2658 24 stoned stone VBN 20467 2658 25 drupes drupe NNS 20467 2658 26 densely densely RB 20467 2658 27 covered cover VBN 20467 2658 28 with with IN 20467 2658 29 acid acid NN 20467 2658 30 , , , 20467 2658 31 crimson crimson NNP 20467 2658 32 hairs hair NNS 20467 2658 33 , , , 20467 2658 34 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2658 35 till till IN 20467 2658 36 spring spring NN 20467 2658 37 . . . 20467 2659 1 = = NFP 20467 2659 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2659 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2659 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2659 5 New New NNP 20467 2659 6 England England NNP 20467 2659 7 . . . 20467 2660 1 Grows grow VBZ 20467 2660 2 in in IN 20467 2660 3 any any DT 20467 2660 4 well well RB 20467 2660 5 - - HYPH 20467 2660 6 drained drain VBN 20467 2660 7 soil soil NN 20467 2660 8 , , , 20467 2660 9 but but CC 20467 2660 10 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 2660 11 a a DT 20467 2660 12 deep deep JJ 20467 2660 13 , , , 20467 2660 14 rich rich JJ 20467 2660 15 loam loam NN 20467 2660 16 . . . 20467 2661 1 The the DT 20467 2661 2 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 2661 3 growth growth NN 20467 2661 4 , , , 20467 2661 5 bold bold JJ 20467 2661 6 , , , 20467 2661 7 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2661 8 foliage foliage NN 20467 2661 9 , , , 20467 2661 10 and and CC 20467 2661 11 freedom freedom NN 20467 2661 12 from from IN 20467 2661 13 disease disease NN 20467 2661 14 make make VBP 20467 2661 15 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2661 16 desirable desirable JJ 20467 2661 17 for for IN 20467 2661 18 landscape landscape NN 20467 2661 19 plantations plantation NNS 20467 2661 20 . . . 20467 2662 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2662 2 spreads spread VBZ 20467 2662 3 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 2662 4 from from IN 20467 2662 5 suckers sucker NNS 20467 2662 6 , , , 20467 2662 7 a a DT 20467 2662 8 single single JJ 20467 2662 9 plant plant NN 20467 2662 10 becoming become VBG 20467 2662 11 in in IN 20467 2662 12 a a DT 20467 2662 13 few few JJ 20467 2662 14 years year NNS 20467 2662 15 the the DT 20467 2662 16 center center NN 20467 2662 17 of of IN 20467 2662 18 a a DT 20467 2662 19 broad broad RB 20467 2662 20 - - HYPH 20467 2662 21 spreading spread VBG 20467 2662 22 group group NN 20467 2662 23 . . . 20467 2663 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 2663 2 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2663 3 in in IN 20467 2663 4 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2663 5 , , , 20467 2663 6 but but CC 20467 2663 7 collected collected JJ 20467 2663 8 plants plant NNS 20467 2663 9 transplant transplant VBP 20467 2663 10 easily easily RB 20467 2663 11 . . . 20467 2664 1 The the DT 20467 2664 2 cut cut VBN 20467 2664 3 - - HYPH 20467 2664 4 leaved leaved JJ 20467 2664 5 form form NN 20467 2664 6 is be VBZ 20467 2664 7 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 2664 8 in in IN 20467 2664 9 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2664 10 for for IN 20467 2664 11 the the DT 20467 2664 12 sake sake NN 20467 2664 13 of of IN 20467 2664 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2664 15 exceedingly exceedingly RB 20467 2664 16 graceful graceful JJ 20467 2664 17 and and CC 20467 2664 18 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2664 19 foliage foliage NN 20467 2664 20 . . . 20467 2665 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2665 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2665 3 : : : 20467 2665 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2665 5 LXVIII.--Rhus LXVIII.--Rhus NNP 20467 2665 6 typhina typhina NNP 20467 2665 7 . . . 20467 2665 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2666 1 1 1 LS 20467 2666 2 . . . 20467 2667 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2667 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2667 3 . . . 20467 2668 1 2 2 LS 20467 2668 2 . . . 20467 2669 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2669 2 with with IN 20467 2669 3 staminate staminate NN 20467 2669 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2669 5 . . . 20467 2670 1 3 3 LS 20467 2670 2 . . . 20467 2671 1 Staminate staminate NN 20467 2671 2 flower flower NN 20467 2671 3 . . . 20467 2672 1 4 4 LS 20467 2672 2 . . . 20467 2673 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2673 2 with with IN 20467 2673 3 pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 2673 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2673 5 . . . 20467 2674 1 5 5 CD 20467 2674 2 . . . 20467 2675 1 Pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 2675 2 flower flower NN 20467 2675 3 . . . 20467 2676 1 6 6 CD 20467 2676 2 . . . 20467 2677 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2677 2 cluster cluster NN 20467 2677 3 . . . 20467 2678 1 7 7 LS 20467 2678 2 . . . 20467 2679 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 2679 2 . . . 20467 2680 1 = = NFP 20467 2680 2 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 2680 3 Vernix Vernix NNP 20467 2680 4 , , , 20467 2680 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2680 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2680 7 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 2680 8 venenata venenata NNP 20467 2680 9 , , , 20467 2680 10 DC DC NNP 20467 2680 11 . . . 20467 2680 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2680 13 DOGWOOD DOGWOOD NNP 20467 2680 14 . . . 20467 2681 1 POISON POISON NNP 20467 2681 2 SUMAC SUMAC NNP 20467 2681 3 . . . 20467 2682 1 POISON poison NN 20467 2682 2 ELDER ELDER NNP 20467 2682 3 . . . 20467 2683 1 = = NFP 20467 2683 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2683 3 and and CC 20467 2683 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low JJ 20467 2683 5 grounds ground NNS 20467 2683 6 and and CC 20467 2683 7 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2683 8 ; ; , 20467 2683 9 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2683 10 on on IN 20467 2683 11 the the DT 20467 2683 12 moist moist JJ 20467 2683 13 slopes slope NNS 20467 2683 14 of of IN 20467 2683 15 hills hill NNS 20467 2683 16 . . . 20467 2684 1 Infrequent Infrequent NNP 20467 2684 2 in in IN 20467 2684 3 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2684 4 . . . 20467 2685 1 Maine,--local maine,--local JJ 20467 2685 2 and and CC 20467 2685 3 apparently apparently RB 20467 2685 4 restricted restrict VBN 20467 2685 5 to to IN 20467 2685 6 the the DT 20467 2685 7 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 2685 8 sections section NNS 20467 2685 9 ; ; : 20467 2685 10 as as IN 20467 2685 11 far far RB 20467 2685 12 north north RB 20467 2685 13 as as IN 20467 2685 14 Chesterville Chesterville NNP 20467 2685 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2685 16 Franklin Franklin NNP 20467 2685 17 county county NN 20467 2685 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2685 19 ; ; : 20467 2685 20 Vermont,--infrequent vermont,--infrequent NN 20467 2685 21 ; ; : 20467 2685 22 common common JJ 20467 2685 23 throughout throughout IN 20467 2685 24 the the DT 20467 2685 25 other other JJ 20467 2685 26 New New NNP 20467 2685 27 England England NNP 20467 2685 28 states state NNS 20467 2685 29 , , , 20467 2685 30 especially especially RB 20467 2685 31 near near IN 20467 2685 32 the the DT 20467 2685 33 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2685 34 . . . 20467 2686 1 South south RB 20467 2686 2 to to IN 20467 2686 3 northern northern JJ 20467 2686 4 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2686 5 ; ; : 20467 2686 6 west west NN 20467 2686 7 to to IN 20467 2686 8 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2686 9 and and CC 20467 2686 10 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 20467 2686 11 . . . 20467 2687 1 = = NFP 20467 2687 2 Habit.=--- Habit.=--- NNP 20467 2687 3 A a DT 20467 2687 4 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2687 5 shrub shrub NN 20467 2687 6 or or CC 20467 2687 7 small small JJ 20467 2687 8 tree tree NN 20467 2687 9 , , , 20467 2687 10 5 5 CD 20467 2687 11 - - SYM 20467 2687 12 20 20 CD 20467 2687 13 feet foot NNS 20467 2687 14 high high JJ 20467 2687 15 ; ; : 20467 2687 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 2687 17 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2687 18 8 8 CD 20467 2687 19 - - SYM 20467 2687 20 10 10 CD 20467 2687 21 inches inch NNS 20467 2687 22 in in IN 20467 2687 23 diameter diameter NN 20467 2687 24 ; ; , 20467 2687 25 broad broad RB 20467 2687 26 - - HYPH 20467 2687 27 topped top VBN 20467 2687 28 in in IN 20467 2687 29 the the DT 20467 2687 30 open open NN 20467 2687 31 along along IN 20467 2687 32 the the DT 20467 2687 33 edge edge NN 20467 2687 34 of of IN 20467 2687 35 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2687 36 ; ; , 20467 2687 37 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2687 38 in in IN 20467 2687 39 autumn autumn NN 20467 2687 40 by by IN 20467 2687 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2687 42 richly richly RB 20467 2687 43 colored color VBN 20467 2687 44 foliage foliage NN 20467 2687 45 and and CC 20467 2687 46 diffusely diffusely RB 20467 2687 47 panicled panicled JJ 20467 2687 48 , , , 20467 2687 49 pale pale JJ 20467 2687 50 , , , 20467 2687 51 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2687 52 - - HYPH 20467 2687 53 white white JJ 20467 2687 54 fruit fruit NN 20467 2687 55 . . . 20467 2688 1 = = NFP 20467 2688 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 2688 3 and and CC 20467 2688 4 branches branch NNS 20467 2688 5 mottled mottle VBD 20467 2688 6 gray gray JJ 20467 2688 7 , , , 20467 2688 8 roughish roughish JJ 20467 2688 9 with with IN 20467 2688 10 round round JJ 20467 2688 11 spots spot NNS 20467 2688 12 ; ; : 20467 2688 13 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2688 14 light light VBP 20467 2688 15 brown brown NNP 20467 2688 16 ; ; : 20467 2688 17 season season NN 20467 2688 18 's 's POS 20467 2688 19 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2688 20 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2688 21 at at IN 20467 2688 22 first first RB 20467 2688 23 , , , 20467 2688 24 turning turn VBG 20467 2688 25 later later RB 20467 2688 26 to to TO 20467 2688 27 gray gray VB 20467 2688 28 , , , 20467 2688 29 thickly thickly JJ 20467 2688 30 beset beset NN 20467 2688 31 with with IN 20467 2688 32 rough rough JJ 20467 2688 33 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2688 34 warts wart NNS 20467 2688 35 ; ; : 20467 2688 36 leaf leaf NN 20467 2688 37 - - HYPH 20467 2688 38 scars scar NNS 20467 2688 39 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2688 40 , , , 20467 2688 41 triangular triangular NNP 20467 2688 42 . . . 20467 2689 1 = = NFP 20467 2689 2 Buds Buds NNP 20467 2689 3 and and CC 20467 2689 4 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2689 5 small small JJ 20467 2689 6 , , , 20467 2689 7 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2689 8 . . . 20467 2690 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2690 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 2690 3 compound compound VBP 20467 2690 4 , , , 20467 2690 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2690 6 ; ; : 20467 2690 7 rachis rachis DT 20467 2690 8 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 2690 9 widened widen VBD 20467 2690 10 at at IN 20467 2690 11 base base NN 20467 2690 12 ; ; : 20467 2690 13 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 2690 14 5 5 CD 20467 2690 15 - - SYM 20467 2690 16 13 13 CD 20467 2690 17 , , , 20467 2690 18 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2690 19 , , , 20467 2690 20 short short RB 20467 2690 21 - - HYPH 20467 2690 22 stalked stalk VBN 20467 2690 23 except except IN 20467 2690 24 the the DT 20467 2690 25 odd odd JJ 20467 2690 26 one one CD 20467 2690 27 , , , 20467 2690 28 2 2 CD 20467 2690 29 - - SYM 20467 2690 30 3 3 CD 20467 2690 31 inches inch NNS 20467 2690 32 long long JJ 20467 2690 33 , , , 20467 2690 34 1 1 CD 20467 2690 35 - - SYM 20467 2690 36 2 2 CD 20467 2690 37 inches inch NNS 20467 2690 38 wide wide JJ 20467 2690 39 , , , 20467 2690 40 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2690 41 , , , 20467 2690 42 light light JJ 20467 2690 43 green green NN 20467 2690 44 and and CC 20467 2690 45 mostly mostly RB 20467 2690 46 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2690 47 when when WRB 20467 2690 48 young young JJ 20467 2690 49 , , , 20467 2690 50 becoming become VBG 20467 2690 51 dark dark JJ 20467 2690 52 green green NN 20467 2690 53 and and CC 20467 2690 54 often often RB 20467 2690 55 dull dull JJ 20467 2690 56 , , , 20467 2690 57 obovate obovate VBP 20467 2690 58 to to IN 20467 2690 59 oval oval NN 20467 2690 60 or or CC 20467 2690 61 ovate ovate VB 20467 2690 62 ; ; , 20467 2690 63 entire entire JJ 20467 2690 64 , , , 20467 2690 65 often often RB 20467 2690 66 wavy wavy NNP 20467 2690 67 - - HYPH 20467 2690 68 margined margine VBN 20467 2690 69 ; ; : 20467 2690 70 apex apex NNP 20467 2690 71 acute acute NNP 20467 2690 72 , , , 20467 2690 73 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2690 74 , , , 20467 2690 75 or or CC 20467 2690 76 obtuse obtuse VB 20467 2690 77 ; ; : 20467 2690 78 base base NN 20467 2690 79 mostly mostly RB 20467 2690 80 obtuse obtuse VBP 20467 2690 81 or or CC 20467 2690 82 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2690 83 ; ; : 20467 2690 84 veins vein NNS 20467 2690 85 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2690 86 , , , 20467 2690 87 often often RB 20467 2690 88 red red JJ 20467 2690 89 ; ; : 20467 2690 90 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 2690 91 none none NN 20467 2690 92 . . . 20467 2691 1 = = NFP 20467 2691 2 Inflorescence.=--Early inflorescence.=--early RB 20467 2691 3 in in IN 20467 2691 4 July July NNP 20467 2691 5 . . . 20467 2692 1 Near near IN 20467 2692 2 the the DT 20467 2692 3 tips tip NNS 20467 2692 4 of of IN 20467 2692 5 the the DT 20467 2692 6 branches branch NNS 20467 2692 7 , , , 20467 2692 8 in in IN 20467 2692 9 loose loose JJ 20467 2692 10 , , , 20467 2692 11 axillary axillary JJ 20467 2692 12 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2692 13 of of IN 20467 2692 14 small small JJ 20467 2692 15 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2692 16 flowers flower NNS 20467 2692 17 ; ; , 20467 2692 18 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2692 19 , , , 20467 2692 20 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2692 21 , , , 20467 2692 22 and and CC 20467 2692 23 perfect perfect JJ 20467 2692 24 flowers flower NNS 20467 2692 25 on on IN 20467 2692 26 the the DT 20467 2692 27 same same JJ 20467 2692 28 tree tree NN 20467 2692 29 , , , 20467 2692 30 or or CC 20467 2692 31 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2692 32 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2692 33 and and CC 20467 2692 34 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2692 35 on on IN 20467 2692 36 separate separate JJ 20467 2692 37 trees tree NNS 20467 2692 38 ; ; : 20467 2692 39 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2692 40 deeply deeply RB 20467 2692 41 5-parted 5-parted CD 20467 2692 42 , , , 20467 2692 43 divisions division NNS 20467 2692 44 ovate ovate VBP 20467 2692 45 , , , 20467 2692 46 acute acute JJ 20467 2692 47 ; ; : 20467 2692 48 petals petal NNS 20467 2692 49 5 5 CD 20467 2692 50 , , , 20467 2692 51 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2692 52 ; ; : 20467 2692 53 stamens stamens NNP 20467 2692 54 5 5 CD 20467 2692 55 , , , 20467 2692 56 exserted exsert VBN 20467 2692 57 in in IN 20467 2692 58 the the DT 20467 2692 59 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2692 60 flowers flower NNS 20467 2692 61 ; ; , 20467 2692 62 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2692 63 globose globose NN 20467 2692 64 , , , 20467 2692 65 styles style NNS 20467 2692 66 3 3 CD 20467 2692 67 . . . 20467 2693 1 = = NFP 20467 2693 2 Fruit.=--Drupes fruit.=--drupe NNS 20467 2693 3 about about RB 20467 2693 4 as as RB 20467 2693 5 large large JJ 20467 2693 6 as as IN 20467 2693 7 peas pea NNS 20467 2693 8 , , , 20467 2693 9 smooth smooth VB 20467 2693 10 , , , 20467 2693 11 more more RBR 20467 2693 12 or or CC 20467 2693 13 less less RBR 20467 2693 14 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2693 15 , , , 20467 2693 16 whitish whitish JJ 20467 2693 17 ; ; : 20467 2693 18 stone stone NN 20467 2693 19 ridged ridge VBD 20467 2693 20 ; ; : 20467 2693 21 strongly strongly RB 20467 2693 22 resembling resemble VBG 20467 2693 23 the the DT 20467 2693 24 fruit fruit NN 20467 2693 25 of of IN 20467 2693 26 _ _ NNP 20467 2693 27 R. R. NNP 20467 2694 1 Toxicodendron Toxicodendron NNP 20467 2694 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2694 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2694 4 poison poison NN 20467 2694 5 ivy ivy NN 20467 2694 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2694 7 . . . 20467 2695 1 = = NFP 20467 2695 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2695 3 Value.=--No value.=--no JJ 20467 2695 4 large large JJ 20467 2695 5 shrub shrub NN 20467 2695 6 or or CC 20467 2695 7 small small JJ 20467 2695 8 tree tree NN 20467 2695 9 , , , 20467 2695 10 so so RB 20467 2695 11 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2695 12 as as IN 20467 2695 13 this this DT 20467 2695 14 , , , 20467 2695 15 does do VBZ 20467 2695 16 so so RB 20467 2695 17 well well RB 20467 2695 18 in in IN 20467 2695 19 wet wet JJ 20467 2695 20 ground ground NN 20467 2695 21 ; ; : 20467 2695 22 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2695 23 grows grow VBZ 20467 2695 24 also also RB 20467 2695 25 in in IN 20467 2695 26 any any DT 20467 2695 27 good good JJ 20467 2695 28 soil soil NN 20467 2695 29 , , , 20467 2695 30 but but CC 20467 2695 31 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2695 32 is be VBZ 20467 2695 33 seldom seldom RB 20467 2695 34 advisable advisable JJ 20467 2695 35 to to TO 20467 2695 36 use use VB 20467 2695 37 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2695 38 , , , 20467 2695 39 on on IN 20467 2695 40 account account NN 20467 2695 41 of of IN 20467 2695 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2695 43 noxious noxious JJ 20467 2695 44 qualities quality NNS 20467 2695 45 . . . 20467 2696 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2696 2 can can MD 20467 2696 3 be be VB 20467 2696 4 obtained obtain VBN 20467 2696 5 only only RB 20467 2696 6 from from IN 20467 2696 7 collectors collector NNS 20467 2696 8 of of IN 20467 2696 9 native native JJ 20467 2696 10 plants plant NNS 20467 2696 11 . . . 20467 2697 1 = = NFP 20467 2697 2 Note.=--This note.=--this DT 20467 2697 3 sumac sumac NN 20467 2697 4 has have VBZ 20467 2697 5 the the DT 20467 2697 6 reputation reputation NN 20467 2697 7 of of IN 20467 2697 8 being be VBG 20467 2697 9 the the DT 20467 2697 10 most most RBS 20467 2697 11 poisonous poisonous JJ 20467 2697 12 of of IN 20467 2697 13 New New NNP 20467 2697 14 England England NNP 20467 2697 15 plants plant NNS 20467 2697 16 . . . 20467 2698 1 The the DT 20467 2698 2 treacherous treacherous JJ 20467 2698 3 beauty beauty NN 20467 2698 4 of of IN 20467 2698 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2698 6 autumn autumn NN 20467 2698 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 2698 8 is be VBZ 20467 2698 9 a a DT 20467 2698 10 source source NN 20467 2698 11 of of IN 20467 2698 12 grief grief NN 20467 2698 13 to to IN 20467 2698 14 collectors collector NNS 20467 2698 15 . . . 20467 2699 1 Many many JJ 20467 2699 2 are be VBP 20467 2699 3 seriously seriously RB 20467 2699 4 affected affect VBN 20467 2699 5 , , , 20467 2699 6 without without IN 20467 2699 7 actual actual JJ 20467 2699 8 contact contact NN 20467 2699 9 , , , 20467 2699 10 by by IN 20467 2699 11 the the DT 20467 2699 12 exhalation exhalation NN 20467 2699 13 of of IN 20467 2699 14 vapor vapor NN 20467 2699 15 from from IN 20467 2699 16 the the DT 20467 2699 17 leaves leave NNS 20467 2699 18 , , , 20467 2699 19 by by IN 20467 2699 20 grains grain NNS 20467 2699 21 of of IN 20467 2699 22 pollen pollen NN 20467 2699 23 floating float VBG 20467 2699 24 in in IN 20467 2699 25 the the DT 20467 2699 26 air air NN 20467 2699 27 , , , 20467 2699 28 and and CC 20467 2699 29 even even RB 20467 2699 30 by by IN 20467 2699 31 the the DT 20467 2699 32 smoke smoke NN 20467 2699 33 of of IN 20467 2699 34 the the DT 20467 2699 35 burning burn VBG 20467 2699 36 wood wood NN 20467 2699 37 . . . 20467 2700 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2700 2 is be VBZ 20467 2700 3 easily easily RB 20467 2700 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2700 5 from from IN 20467 2700 6 the the DT 20467 2700 7 other other JJ 20467 2700 8 sumacs sumacs NN 20467 2700 9 . . . 20467 2701 1 The the DT 20467 2701 2 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 2701 3 are be VBP 20467 2701 4 not not RB 20467 2701 5 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2701 6 like like IN 20467 2701 7 those those DT 20467 2701 8 of of IN 20467 2701 9 _ _ NNP 20467 2701 10 R. R. NNP 20467 2702 1 typhina typhina NNP 20467 2702 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2702 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2702 4 staghorn staghorn NNP 20467 2702 5 sumac sumac NNP 20467 2702 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2702 7 and and CC 20467 2702 8 _ _ NNP 20467 2702 9 R. R. NNP 20467 2703 1 glabra glabra NNP 20467 2703 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2703 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2703 4 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2703 5 sumac sumac NN 20467 2703 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2703 7 ; ; : 20467 2703 8 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2703 9 is be VBZ 20467 2703 10 not not RB 20467 2703 11 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2703 12 like like IN 20467 2703 13 _ _ NNP 20467 2703 14 R. R. NNP 20467 2704 1 typhina typhina NNP 20467 2704 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2704 3 and and CC 20467 2704 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2704 5 R. R. NNP 20467 2705 1 copallina copallina NNP 20467 2705 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2705 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2705 4 dwarf dwarf NNP 20467 2705 5 sumac sumac NN 20467 2705 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2705 7 ; ; : 20467 2705 8 the the DT 20467 2705 9 rachis rachis NN 20467 2705 10 of of IN 20467 2705 11 the the DT 20467 2705 12 compound compound NN 20467 2705 13 leaf leaf NN 20467 2705 14 is be VBZ 20467 2705 15 not not RB 20467 2705 16 wing wing NN 20467 2705 17 - - HYPH 20467 2705 18 margined margine VBN 20467 2705 19 as as IN 20467 2705 20 in in IN 20467 2705 21 _ _ NNP 20467 2705 22 R. R. NNP 20467 2706 1 copallina copallina NNP 20467 2706 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2706 3 ; ; : 20467 2706 4 the the DT 20467 2706 5 panicles panicle NNS 20467 2706 6 of of IN 20467 2706 7 flower flower NN 20467 2706 8 and and CC 20467 2706 9 fruit fruit NN 20467 2706 10 are be VBP 20467 2706 11 not not RB 20467 2706 12 upright upright JJ 20467 2706 13 and and CC 20467 2706 14 compact compact JJ 20467 2706 15 , , , 20467 2706 16 but but CC 20467 2706 17 drooping droop VBG 20467 2706 18 and and CC 20467 2706 19 spreading spread VBG 20467 2706 20 ; ; : 20467 2706 21 the the DT 20467 2706 22 fruit fruit NN 20467 2706 23 is be VBZ 20467 2706 24 not not RB 20467 2706 25 red red JJ 20467 2706 26 - - HYPH 20467 2706 27 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2706 28 with with IN 20467 2706 29 dense dense JJ 20467 2706 30 crimson crimson NNP 20467 2706 31 hairs hair NNS 20467 2706 32 , , , 20467 2706 33 but but CC 20467 2706 34 is be VBZ 20467 2706 35 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2706 36 and and CC 20467 2706 37 whitish whitish JJ 20467 2706 38 . . . 20467 2707 1 Unlike unlike IN 20467 2707 2 the the DT 20467 2707 3 other other JJ 20467 2707 4 sumacs sumacs NN 20467 2707 5 , , , 20467 2707 6 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2707 7 grows grow VBZ 20467 2707 8 for for IN 20467 2707 9 the the DT 20467 2707 10 most most JJS 20467 2707 11 part part NN 20467 2707 12 in in IN 20467 2707 13 lowlands lowland NNS 20467 2707 14 and and CC 20467 2707 15 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2707 16 . . . 20467 2708 1 In in IN 20467 2708 2 the the DT 20467 2708 3 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 2708 4 of of IN 20467 2708 5 Southington Southington NNP 20467 2708 6 , , , 20467 2708 7 southern southern JJ 20467 2708 8 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2708 9 , , , 20467 2708 10 _ _ NNP 20467 2708 11 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 2708 12 copallina copallina NNP 20467 2708 13 _ _ NNP 20467 2708 14 is be VBZ 20467 2708 15 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2708 16 found find VBN 20467 2708 17 with with IN 20467 2708 18 a a DT 20467 2708 19 trunk trunk NN 20467 2708 20 5 5 CD 20467 2708 21 or or CC 20467 2708 22 6 6 CD 20467 2708 23 inches inch NNS 20467 2708 24 in in IN 20467 2708 25 diameter diameter NN 20467 2708 26 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2708 27 C. C. NNP 20467 2708 28 H. H. NNP 20467 2708 29 Bissell Bissell NNP 20467 2708 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2708 31 . . . 20467 2709 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2709 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2709 3 : : : 20467 2709 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2709 5 LXIX.--Rhus LXIX.--Rhus NNP 20467 2709 6 Vernix Vernix NNP 20467 2709 7 . . . 20467 2709 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2710 1 1 1 LS 20467 2710 2 . . . 20467 2711 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2711 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2711 3 . . . 20467 2712 1 2 2 LS 20467 2712 2 . . . 20467 2713 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2713 2 with with IN 20467 2713 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2713 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2713 5 . . . 20467 2714 1 3 3 LS 20467 2714 2 . . . 20467 2715 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2715 2 flower flower NN 20467 2715 3 . . . 20467 2716 1 4 4 LS 20467 2716 2 . . . 20467 2717 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2717 2 with with IN 20467 2717 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2717 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2717 5 . . . 20467 2718 1 5 5 CD 20467 2718 2 . . . 20467 2719 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2719 2 flower flower NN 20467 2719 3 . . . 20467 2720 1 6 6 CD 20467 2720 2 . . . 20467 2721 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2721 2 branch branch NN 20467 2721 3 . . . 20467 2722 1 AQUIFOLIACEÆ AQUIFOLIACEÆ NNS 20467 2722 2 . . . 20467 2723 1 HOLLY HOLLY NNP 20467 2723 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2723 3 . . . 20467 2724 1 = = NFP 20467 2724 2 Ilex ilex JJ 20467 2724 3 opaca opaca NN 20467 2724 4 , , , 20467 2724 5 Ait.= ait.= NN 20467 2724 6 HOLLY HOLLY NNP 20467 2724 7 . . . 20467 2725 1 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 20467 2725 2 HOLLY HOLLY NNP 20467 2725 3 . . . 20467 2726 1 = = NFP 20467 2726 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2726 3 and and CC 20467 2726 4 Range.=--Generally range.=--generally RB 20467 2726 5 found find VBN 20467 2726 6 in in IN 20467 2726 7 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2726 8 sheltered sheltered JJ 20467 2726 9 situations situation NNS 20467 2726 10 in in IN 20467 2726 11 sandy sandy NNP 20467 2726 12 loam loam NNP 20467 2726 13 or or CC 20467 2726 14 in in IN 20467 2726 15 low low JJ 20467 2726 16 , , , 20467 2726 17 moist moist JJ 20467 2726 18 soil soil NN 20467 2726 19 in in IN 20467 2726 20 the the DT 20467 2726 21 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 2726 22 of of IN 20467 2726 23 water water NN 20467 2726 24 . . . 20467 2727 1 Maine,--reported maine,--reporte VBN 20467 2727 2 on on IN 20467 2727 3 the the DT 20467 2727 4 authority authority NN 20467 2727 5 of of IN 20467 2727 6 Gray Gray NNP 20467 2727 7 's 's POS 20467 2727 8 _ _ NNP 20467 2727 9 Manual Manual NNP 20467 2727 10 _ _ NNP 20467 2727 11 , , , 20467 2727 12 sixth sixth JJ 20467 2727 13 edition edition NN 20467 2727 14 , , , 20467 2727 15 in in IN 20467 2727 16 various various JJ 20467 2727 17 botanical botanical JJ 20467 2727 18 works work NNS 20467 2727 19 , , , 20467 2727 20 but but CC 20467 2727 21 no no DT 20467 2727 22 station station NN 20467 2727 23 is be VBZ 20467 2727 24 known know VBN 20467 2727 25 ; ; : 20467 2727 26 New New NNP 20467 2727 27 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 2727 28 and and CC 20467 2727 29 Vermont,--no Vermont,--no NNP 20467 2727 30 station station NN 20467 2727 31 reported report VBD 20467 2727 32 ; ; : 20467 2727 33 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 2727 34 from from IN 20467 2727 35 Quincy Quincy NNP 20467 2727 36 southward southward RB 20467 2727 37 upon upon IN 20467 2727 38 the the DT 20467 2727 39 mainland mainland NN 20467 2727 40 and and CC 20467 2727 41 the the DT 20467 2727 42 island island NN 20467 2727 43 of of IN 20467 2727 44 Naushon Naushon NNP 20467 2727 45 ; ; : 20467 2727 46 rare rare JJ 20467 2727 47 in in IN 20467 2727 48 the the DT 20467 2727 49 peat peat JJ 20467 2727 50 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2727 51 of of IN 20467 2727 52 Nantucket nantucket NN 20467 2727 53 ; ; : 20467 2727 54 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2727 55 Island,--common Island,--common NNP 20467 2727 56 in in IN 20467 2727 57 South South NNP 20467 2727 58 Kingston Kingston NNP 20467 2727 59 and and CC 20467 2727 60 Little Little NNP 20467 2727 61 Compton Compton NNP 20467 2727 62 and and CC 20467 2727 63 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 2727 64 found find VBN 20467 2727 65 upon upon IN 20467 2727 66 Prudence Prudence NNP 20467 2727 67 and and CC 20467 2727 68 Conanicut Conanicut NNP 20467 2727 69 islands island NNS 20467 2727 70 in in IN 20467 2727 71 Narragansett Narragansett NNP 20467 2727 72 bay bay NN 20467 2727 73 ; ; : 20467 2727 74 Connecticut,--mostly Connecticut,--mostly NNP 20467 2727 75 restricted restrict VBD 20467 2727 76 to to IN 20467 2727 77 the the DT 20467 2727 78 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 2727 79 sections section NNS 20467 2727 80 . . . 20467 2728 1 Southward Southward NNP 20467 2728 2 to to IN 20467 2728 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2728 4 ; ; : 20467 2728 5 westward westward RB 20467 2728 6 to to IN 20467 2728 7 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 2728 8 and and CC 20467 2728 9 the the DT 20467 2728 10 bottom bottom NN 20467 2728 11 - - HYPH 20467 2728 12 lands land NNS 20467 2728 13 of of IN 20467 2728 14 eastern eastern NNP 20467 2728 15 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2728 16 . . . 20467 2729 1 = = NFP 20467 2729 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A JJS 20467 2729 3 shrub shrub JJ 20467 2729 4 or or CC 20467 2729 5 small small JJ 20467 2729 6 tree tree NN 20467 2729 7 , , , 20467 2729 8 exceptionally exceptionally RB 20467 2729 9 reaching reach VBG 20467 2729 10 a a DT 20467 2729 11 height height NN 20467 2729 12 of of IN 20467 2729 13 30 30 CD 20467 2729 14 feet foot NNS 20467 2729 15 , , , 20467 2729 16 with with IN 20467 2729 17 a a DT 20467 2729 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 2729 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2729 20 of of IN 20467 2729 21 15 15 CD 20467 2729 22 - - SYM 20467 2729 23 18 18 CD 20467 2729 24 inches inch NNS 20467 2729 25 , , , 20467 2729 26 but but CC 20467 2729 27 attaining attain VBG 20467 2729 28 larger large JJR 20467 2729 29 proportions proportion NNS 20467 2729 30 south south RB 20467 2729 31 and and CC 20467 2729 32 west west NN 20467 2729 33 ; ; : 20467 2729 34 head head NN 20467 2729 35 conical conical JJ 20467 2729 36 or or CC 20467 2729 37 dome dome NN 20467 2729 38 - - HYPH 20467 2729 39 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2729 40 , , , 20467 2729 41 compact compact JJ 20467 2729 42 ; ; : 20467 2729 43 branches branch NNS 20467 2729 44 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2729 45 , , , 20467 2729 46 mostly mostly RB 20467 2729 47 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2729 48 , , , 20467 2729 49 clothed clothe VBN 20467 2729 50 with with IN 20467 2729 51 a a DT 20467 2729 52 spiny spiny JJ 20467 2729 53 evergreen evergreen JJ 20467 2729 54 foliage foliage NN 20467 2729 55 . . . 20467 2730 1 The the DT 20467 2730 2 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2730 3 trees tree NNS 20467 2730 4 are be VBP 20467 2730 5 readily readily RB 20467 2730 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2730 7 through through IN 20467 2730 8 late late JJ 20467 2730 9 fall fall NN 20467 2730 10 and and CC 20467 2730 11 early early JJ 20467 2730 12 winter winter NN 20467 2730 13 by by IN 20467 2730 14 the the DT 20467 2730 15 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2730 16 red red JJ 20467 2730 17 berries berry NNS 20467 2730 18 . . . 20467 2731 1 = = NFP 20467 2731 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2731 3 of of IN 20467 2731 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2731 5 thick thick NNP 20467 2731 6 , , , 20467 2731 7 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2731 8 on on IN 20467 2731 9 young young JJ 20467 2731 10 trees tree NNS 20467 2731 11 , , , 20467 2731 12 roughish roughish JJ 20467 2731 13 , , , 20467 2731 14 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2731 15 on on IN 20467 2731 16 old old JJ 20467 2731 17 , , , 20467 2731 18 of of IN 20467 2731 19 a a DT 20467 2731 20 nearly nearly RB 20467 2731 21 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2731 22 ash ash NN 20467 2731 23 - - HYPH 20467 2731 24 gray gray JJ 20467 2731 25 on on IN 20467 2731 26 trunk trunk NN 20467 2731 27 and and CC 20467 2731 28 branches branch NNS 20467 2731 29 ; ; : 20467 2731 30 the the DT 20467 2731 31 young young JJ 20467 2731 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2731 33 more more RBR 20467 2731 34 or or CC 20467 2731 35 less less RBR 20467 2731 36 downy downy JJ 20467 2731 37 , , , 20467 2731 38 bright bright JJ 20467 2731 39 greenish greenish NN 20467 2731 40 - - HYPH 20467 2731 41 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2731 42 , , , 20467 2731 43 becoming become VBG 20467 2731 44 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2731 45 and and CC 20467 2731 46 grayish grayish VB 20467 2731 47 at at IN 20467 2731 48 the the DT 20467 2731 49 end end NN 20467 2731 50 of of IN 20467 2731 51 the the DT 20467 2731 52 season season NN 20467 2731 53 . . . 20467 2732 1 = = NFP 20467 2732 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2732 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2732 4 and and CC 20467 2732 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2732 6 short short JJ 20467 2732 7 , , , 20467 2732 8 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2732 9 , , , 20467 2732 10 generally generally RB 20467 2732 11 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 2732 12 , , , 20467 2732 13 scales scale VBZ 20467 2732 14 minutely minutely RB 20467 2732 15 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 2732 16 . . . 20467 2733 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2733 2 evergreen evergreen JJ 20467 2733 3 , , , 20467 2733 4 simple simple JJ 20467 2733 5 , , , 20467 2733 6 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2733 7 , , , 20467 2733 8 2 2 CD 20467 2733 9 - - SYM 20467 2733 10 4 4 CD 20467 2733 11 inches inch NNS 20467 2733 12 long long JJ 20467 2733 13 , , , 20467 2733 14 1 1 CD 20467 2733 15 - - HYPH 20467 2733 16 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2733 17 - - HYPH 20467 2733 18 3 3 CD 20467 2733 19 inches inch NNS 20467 2733 20 wide wide JJ 20467 2733 21 , , , 20467 2733 22 flat flat JJ 20467 2733 23 when when WRB 20467 2733 24 compared compare VBN 20467 2733 25 with with IN 20467 2733 26 those those DT 20467 2733 27 of of IN 20467 2733 28 the the DT 20467 2733 29 European european JJ 20467 2733 30 holly holly RB 20467 2733 31 , , , 20467 2733 32 thickish thickish NN 20467 2733 33 , , , 20467 2733 34 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2733 35 on on IN 20467 2733 36 both both DT 20467 2733 37 sides side NNS 20467 2733 38 , , , 20467 2733 39 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2733 40 - - HYPH 20467 2733 41 green green JJ 20467 2733 42 , , , 20467 2733 43 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2733 44 glossy glossy JJ 20467 2733 45 on on IN 20467 2733 46 the the DT 20467 2733 47 upper upper JJ 20467 2733 48 surface surface NN 20467 2733 49 , , , 20467 2733 50 paler paler NN 20467 2733 51 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2733 52 , , , 20467 2733 53 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 2733 54 , , , 20467 2733 55 oval oval NN 20467 2733 56 or or CC 20467 2733 57 oval oval NN 20467 2733 58 - - HYPH 20467 2733 59 oblong oblong NN 20467 2733 60 ; ; : 20467 2733 61 apex apex NNP 20467 2733 62 acutish acutish NNP 20467 2733 63 , , , 20467 2733 64 spine spine NN 20467 2733 65 - - HYPH 20467 2733 66 tipped tip VBN 20467 2733 67 ; ; : 20467 2733 68 base base NN 20467 2733 69 acutish acutish NN 20467 2733 70 or or CC 20467 2733 71 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 2733 72 ; ; : 20467 2733 73 margin margin NN 20467 2733 74 wavy wavy NNP 20467 2733 75 and and CC 20467 2733 76 concave concave NNP 20467 2733 77 between between IN 20467 2733 78 the the DT 20467 2733 79 large large JJ 20467 2733 80 spiny spiny JJ 20467 2733 81 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2733 82 , , , 20467 2733 83 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2733 84 with with IN 20467 2733 85 one one CD 20467 2733 86 or or CC 20467 2733 87 two two CD 20467 2733 88 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2733 89 or or CC 20467 2733 90 entire entire JJ 20467 2733 91 ; ; : 20467 2733 92 midrib midrib NNP 20467 2733 93 prominent prominent NNP 20467 2733 94 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2733 95 ; ; : 20467 2733 96 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2733 97 short short JJ 20467 2733 98 , , , 20467 2733 99 grooved grooved JJ 20467 2733 100 ; ; : 20467 2733 101 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2733 102 minute minute NN 20467 2733 103 , , , 20467 2733 104 awl awl NN 20467 2733 105 - - HYPH 20467 2733 106 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2733 107 , , , 20467 2733 108 becoming become VBG 20467 2733 109 blackish blackish NN 20467 2733 110 , , , 20467 2733 111 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2733 112 . . . 20467 2734 1 = = NFP 20467 2734 2 Inflorescence.=--Flowers inflorescence.=--flowers XX 20467 2734 3 in in IN 20467 2734 4 June June NNP 20467 2734 5 along along IN 20467 2734 6 the the DT 20467 2734 7 base base NN 20467 2734 8 of of IN 20467 2734 9 the the DT 20467 2734 10 season season NN 20467 2734 11 's 's POS 20467 2734 12 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2734 13 ; ; , 20467 2734 14 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2734 15 and and CC 20467 2734 16 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2734 17 flowers flower NNS 20467 2734 18 usually usually RB 20467 2734 19 on on IN 20467 2734 20 separate separate JJ 20467 2734 21 trees,--the trees,--the DT 20467 2734 22 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2734 23 in in IN 20467 2734 24 loose loose JJ 20467 2734 25 , , , 20467 2734 26 few few JJ 20467 2734 27 - - HYPH 20467 2734 28 flowered flower VBN 20467 2734 29 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2734 30 , , , 20467 2734 31 the the DT 20467 2734 32 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2734 33 mostly mostly RB 20467 2734 34 solitary solitary JJ 20467 2734 35 ; ; : 20467 2734 36 peduncles peduncle NNS 20467 2734 37 and and CC 20467 2734 38 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 2734 39 slender slender NN 20467 2734 40 , , , 20467 2734 41 bracted bracted NNP 20467 2734 42 midway midway NNP 20467 2734 43 ; ; : 20467 2734 44 calyx calyx NN 20467 2734 45 persistent persistent NN 20467 2734 46 , , , 20467 2734 47 with with IN 20467 2734 48 4 4 CD 20467 2734 49 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2734 50 , , , 20467 2734 51 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 2734 52 teeth tooth NNS 20467 2734 53 ; ; : 20467 2734 54 corolla corolla NNP 20467 2734 55 white white NNP 20467 2734 56 , , , 20467 2734 57 monopetalous monopetalous JJ 20467 2734 58 , , , 20467 2734 59 with with IN 20467 2734 60 4 4 CD 20467 2734 61 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2734 62 , , , 20467 2734 63 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2734 64 divisions division NNS 20467 2734 65 ; ; , 20467 2734 66 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2734 67 4 4 CD 20467 2734 68 , , , 20467 2734 69 alternating alternate VBG 20467 2734 70 with with IN 20467 2734 71 and and CC 20467 2734 72 shorter short JJR 20467 2734 73 than than IN 20467 2734 74 the the DT 20467 2734 75 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2734 76 of of IN 20467 2734 77 the the DT 20467 2734 78 corolla corolla NN 20467 2734 79 in in IN 20467 2734 80 the the DT 20467 2734 81 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2734 82 flowers flower NNS 20467 2734 83 , , , 20467 2734 84 but but CC 20467 2734 85 longer long RBR 20467 2734 86 in in IN 20467 2734 87 the the DT 20467 2734 88 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2734 89 ; ; : 20467 2734 90 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2734 91 green green NN 20467 2734 92 , , , 20467 2734 93 nearly nearly RB 20467 2734 94 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 2734 95 , , , 20467 2734 96 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 2734 97 by by IN 20467 2734 98 the the DT 20467 2734 99 sessile sessile NN 20467 2734 100 , , , 20467 2734 101 4-lobed 4-lobed CD 20467 2734 102 stigma stigma NN 20467 2734 103 . . . 20467 2735 1 Parts part NNS 20467 2735 2 of of IN 20467 2735 3 the the DT 20467 2735 4 flower flower NN 20467 2735 5 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2735 6 in in IN 20467 2735 7 fives five NNS 20467 2735 8 or or CC 20467 2735 9 sixes six NNS 20467 2735 10 . . . 20467 2736 1 = = NFP 20467 2736 2 Fruit.=--A Fruit.=--A NNS 20467 2736 3 dull dull JJ 20467 2736 4 red red JJ 20467 2736 5 , , , 20467 2736 6 berry berry JJ 20467 2736 7 - - HYPH 20467 2736 8 like like JJ 20467 2736 9 drupe drupe NN 20467 2736 10 , , , 20467 2736 11 with with IN 20467 2736 12 4 4 CD 20467 2736 13 nutlets nutlet NNS 20467 2736 14 , , , 20467 2736 15 ribbed rib VBN 20467 2736 16 or or CC 20467 2736 17 grooved groove VBN 20467 2736 18 on on IN 20467 2736 19 the the DT 20467 2736 20 convex convex NNP 20467 2736 21 back back RB 20467 2736 22 , , , 20467 2736 23 ripening ripen VBG 20467 2736 24 late late RB 20467 2736 25 , , , 20467 2736 26 and and CC 20467 2736 27 persistent persistent JJ 20467 2736 28 into into IN 20467 2736 29 winter winter NN 20467 2736 30 . . . 20467 2737 1 A a DT 20467 2737 2 yellow yellow NN 20467 2737 3 - - HYPH 20467 2737 4 fruited fruit VBN 20467 2737 5 form form NN 20467 2737 6 reported report VBN 20467 2737 7 at at IN 20467 2737 8 New New NNP 20467 2737 9 Bedford Bedford NNP 20467 2737 10 , , , 20467 2737 11 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 2738 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2738 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2738 3 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 2738 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2738 5 , , , 20467 2738 6 III III NNP 20467 2738 7 , , , 20467 2738 8 58 58 CD 20467 2738 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2738 10 . . . 20467 2739 1 = = NFP 20467 2739 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2739 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2739 4 in in IN 20467 2739 5 southern southern JJ 20467 2739 6 New New NNP 20467 2739 7 England England NNP 20467 2739 8 ; ; : 20467 2739 9 though though IN 20467 2739 10 preferring prefer VBG 20467 2739 11 moist moist NN 20467 2739 12 , , , 20467 2739 13 gravelly gravelly NNP 20467 2739 14 loam loam NN 20467 2739 15 , , , 20467 2739 16 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2739 17 does do VBZ 20467 2739 18 fairly fairly RB 20467 2739 19 well well RB 20467 2739 20 in in IN 20467 2739 21 dry dry JJ 20467 2739 22 soil soil NN 20467 2739 23 ; ; : 20467 2739 24 of of IN 20467 2739 25 slow slow JJ 20467 2739 26 growth growth NN 20467 2739 27 ; ; : 20467 2739 28 useful useful JJ 20467 2739 29 to to TO 20467 2739 30 form form VB 20467 2739 31 low low JJ 20467 2739 32 plantation plantation NN 20467 2739 33 in in IN 20467 2739 34 shade shade NN 20467 2739 35 and and CC 20467 2739 36 to to TO 20467 2739 37 enrich enrich VB 20467 2739 38 the the DT 20467 2739 39 undergrowth undergrowth NN 20467 2739 40 of of IN 20467 2739 41 woods wood NNS 20467 2739 42 ; ; , 20467 2739 43 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2739 44 sold sell VBN 20467 2739 45 by by IN 20467 2739 46 collectors collector NNS 20467 2739 47 but but CC 20467 2739 48 rare rare JJ 20467 2739 49 in in IN 20467 2739 50 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2739 51 ; ; : 20467 2739 52 nursery nursery NN 20467 2739 53 plants plant NNS 20467 2739 54 must must MD 20467 2739 55 be be VB 20467 2739 56 frequently frequently RB 20467 2739 57 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 2739 58 to to TO 20467 2739 59 be be VB 20467 2739 60 moved move VBN 20467 2739 61 successfully successfully RB 20467 2739 62 ; ; : 20467 2739 63 only only RB 20467 2739 64 a a DT 20467 2739 65 small small JJ 20467 2739 66 percentage percentage NN 20467 2739 67 of of IN 20467 2739 68 ordinary ordinary JJ 20467 2739 69 collected collect VBN 20467 2739 70 plants plant NNS 20467 2739 71 live live RB 20467 2739 72 . . . 20467 2740 1 The the DT 20467 2740 2 seed seed NN 20467 2740 3 seldom seldom RB 20467 2740 4 germinates germinate VBZ 20467 2740 5 in in IN 20467 2740 6 less less JJR 20467 2740 7 than than IN 20467 2740 8 two two CD 20467 2740 9 years year NNS 20467 2740 10 . . . 20467 2741 1 = = NFP 20467 2741 2 Notes.=--The notes.=--the UH 20467 2741 3 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 2741 4 European european JJ 20467 2741 5 holly holly RB 20467 2741 6 , , , 20467 2741 7 which which WDT 20467 2741 8 the the DT 20467 2741 9 American american JJ 20467 2741 10 tree tree NN 20467 2741 11 closely closely RB 20467 2741 12 resembles resemble VBZ 20467 2741 13 , , , 20467 2741 14 may may MD 20467 2741 15 be be VB 20467 2741 16 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2741 17 by by IN 20467 2741 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2741 19 deeper deep JJR 20467 2741 20 green green JJ 20467 2741 21 , , , 20467 2741 22 glossier glossier NN 20467 2741 23 , , , 20467 2741 24 and and CC 20467 2741 25 more more JJR 20467 2741 26 wave wave VB 20467 2741 27 - - HYPH 20467 2741 28 margined margine VBN 20467 2741 29 leaves leave NNS 20467 2741 30 and and CC 20467 2741 31 the the DT 20467 2741 32 deeper deep JJR 20467 2741 33 red red NN 20467 2741 34 of of IN 20467 2741 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2741 36 berries berry NNS 20467 2741 37 . . . 20467 2742 1 " " `` 20467 2742 2 There there EX 20467 2742 3 are be VBP 20467 2742 4 several several JJ 20467 2742 5 fine fine JJ 20467 2742 6 specimens specimen NNS 20467 2742 7 of of IN 20467 2742 8 the the DT 20467 2742 9 _ _ NNP 20467 2742 10 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 2742 11 opaca opaca NN 20467 2742 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2742 13 on on IN 20467 2742 14 the the DT 20467 2742 15 farm farm NN 20467 2742 16 of of IN 20467 2742 17 Col Col NNP 20467 2742 18 . . NNP 20467 2742 19 Minot Minot NNP 20467 2742 20 Thayer Thayer NNP 20467 2742 21 in in IN 20467 2742 22 Braintree Braintree NNP 20467 2742 23 , , , 20467 2742 24 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 2742 25 , , , 20467 2742 26 which which WDT 20467 2742 27 are be VBP 20467 2742 28 about about IN 20467 2742 29 a a DT 20467 2742 30 foot foot NN 20467 2742 31 in in IN 20467 2742 32 diameter diameter NN 20467 2742 33 a a DT 20467 2742 34 yard yard NN 20467 2742 35 above above IN 20467 2742 36 the the DT 20467 2742 37 ground ground NN 20467 2742 38 and and CC 20467 2742 39 25 25 CD 20467 2742 40 feet foot NNS 20467 2742 41 in in IN 20467 2742 42 height height NN 20467 2742 43 . . . 20467 2743 1 They -PRON- PRP 20467 2743 2 have have VBP 20467 2743 3 maintained maintain VBN 20467 2743 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2743 5 present present JJ 20467 2743 6 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 2743 7 for for IN 20467 2743 8 more more JJR 20467 2743 9 than than IN 20467 2743 10 fifty fifty CD 20467 2743 11 years year NNS 20467 2743 12 . . . 20467 2743 13 "--D. "--D. '' 20467 2744 1 T. T. NNP 20467 2744 2 Browne Browne NNP 20467 2744 3 's 's POS 20467 2744 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2744 5 Trees Trees NNP 20467 2744 6 of of IN 20467 2744 7 North North NNP 20467 2744 8 America America NNP 20467 2744 9 _ _ NNP 20467 2744 10 , , , 20467 2744 11 published publish VBN 20467 2744 12 in in IN 20467 2744 13 1846 1846 CD 20467 2744 14 . . . 20467 2745 1 This this DT 20467 2745 2 estate estate NN 20467 2745 3 is be VBZ 20467 2745 4 now now RB 20467 2745 5 owned own VBN 20467 2745 6 by by IN 20467 2745 7 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 2745 8 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 2745 9 A. a. NN 20467 2745 10 Watson Watson NNP 20467 2745 11 . . . 20467 2746 1 Several several JJ 20467 2746 2 of of IN 20467 2746 3 these these DT 20467 2746 4 trees tree NNS 20467 2746 5 have have VBP 20467 2746 6 been be VBN 20467 2746 7 cut cut VBN 20467 2746 8 down down RP 20467 2746 9 , , , 20467 2746 10 but but CC 20467 2746 11 one one CD 20467 2746 12 of of IN 20467 2746 13 them -PRON- PRP 20467 2746 14 is be VBZ 20467 2746 15 still still RB 20467 2746 16 standing stand VBG 20467 2746 17 and and CC 20467 2746 18 of of IN 20467 2746 19 substantially substantially RB 20467 2746 20 the the DT 20467 2746 21 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 2746 22 given give VBN 20467 2746 23 above above RB 20467 2746 24 . . . 20467 2747 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2747 2 must must MD 20467 2747 3 have have VB 20467 2747 4 reached reach VBN 20467 2747 5 the the DT 20467 2747 6 limit limit NN 20467 2747 7 of of IN 20467 2747 8 growth growth NN 20467 2747 9 a a DT 20467 2747 10 hundred hundred CD 20467 2747 11 years year NNS 20467 2747 12 ago ago RB 20467 2747 13 and and CC 20467 2747 14 now now RB 20467 2747 15 shows show VBZ 20467 2747 16 very very RB 20467 2747 17 evident evident JJ 20467 2747 18 signs sign NNS 20467 2747 19 of of IN 20467 2747 20 decrepitude decrepitude NN 20467 2747 21 . . . 20467 2748 1 This this DT 20467 2748 2 may may MD 20467 2748 3 be be VB 20467 2748 4 due due JJ 20467 2748 5 , , , 20467 2748 6 however however RB 20467 2748 7 , , , 20467 2748 8 to to IN 20467 2748 9 the the DT 20467 2748 10 loss loss NN 20467 2748 11 of of IN 20467 2748 12 a a DT 20467 2748 13 square square JJ 20467 2748 14 foot foot NN 20467 2748 15 or or CC 20467 2748 16 more more JJR 20467 2748 17 of of IN 20467 2748 18 bark bark NN 20467 2748 19 from from IN 20467 2748 20 the the DT 20467 2748 21 trunk trunk NN 20467 2748 22 . . . 20467 2749 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2749 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2749 3 : : : 20467 2749 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2749 5 LXX.--Ilex LXX.--Ilex NNP 20467 2749 6 opaca opaca NN 20467 2749 7 . . . 20467 2749 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2750 1 1 1 LS 20467 2750 2 . . . 20467 2751 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2751 2 with with IN 20467 2751 3 staminate staminate NN 20467 2751 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2751 5 . . . 20467 2752 1 2 2 LS 20467 2752 2 . . . 20467 2753 1 Staminate staminate NN 20467 2753 2 flower flower NN 20467 2753 3 . . . 20467 2754 1 3 3 LS 20467 2754 2 . . . 20467 2755 1 Pistillate pistillate JJ 20467 2755 2 flower flower NN 20467 2755 3 . . . 20467 2756 1 4 4 LS 20467 2756 2 . . . 20467 2757 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2757 2 branch branch NN 20467 2757 3 . . . 20467 2758 1 ACERACEÆ ACERACEÆ NNS 20467 2758 2 . . . 20467 2759 1 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2759 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2759 3 . . . 20467 2760 1 = = NFP 20467 2760 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2760 3 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 2760 4 , , , 20467 2760 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 2760 6 RED red JJ 20467 2760 7 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2760 8 . . . 20467 2761 1 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 2761 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2761 3 . . . 20467 2762 1 SOFT soft JJ 20467 2762 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2762 3 . . . 20467 2763 1 WHITE white JJ 20467 2763 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2763 3 . . . 20467 2764 1 = = NFP 20467 2764 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2764 3 and and CC 20467 2764 4 Range.=--Borders range.=--border NNS 20467 2764 5 of of IN 20467 2764 6 streams stream NNS 20467 2764 7 , , , 20467 2764 8 low low JJ 20467 2764 9 lands land NNS 20467 2764 10 , , , 20467 2764 11 wet wet JJ 20467 2764 12 forests forest NNS 20467 2764 13 , , , 20467 2764 14 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2764 15 , , , 20467 2764 16 rocky rocky NNP 20467 2764 17 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 2764 18 . . . 20467 2765 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2765 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2765 3 to to IN 20467 2765 4 the the DT 20467 2765 5 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2765 6 of of IN 20467 2765 7 the the DT 20467 2765 8 Woods Woods NNP 20467 2765 9 . . . 20467 2766 1 Common common JJ 20467 2766 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 2766 3 New New NNP 20467 2766 4 England England NNP 20467 2766 5 from from IN 20467 2766 6 the the DT 20467 2766 7 sea sea NN 20467 2766 8 to to IN 20467 2766 9 an an DT 20467 2766 10 altitude altitude NN 20467 2766 11 of of IN 20467 2766 12 3000 3000 CD 20467 2766 13 feet foot NNS 20467 2766 14 on on IN 20467 2766 15 Katahdin Katahdin NNP 20467 2766 16 . . . 20467 2767 1 South south RB 20467 2767 2 to to IN 20467 2767 3 southern southern JJ 20467 2767 4 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2767 5 ; ; : 20467 2767 6 west west NN 20467 2767 7 to to IN 20467 2767 8 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 2767 9 , , , 20467 2767 10 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2767 11 , , , 20467 2767 12 and and CC 20467 2767 13 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2767 14 . . . 20467 2768 1 = = NFP 20467 2768 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A NNP 20467 2768 3 medium medium JJ 20467 2768 4 - - HYPH 20467 2768 5 sized sized JJ 20467 2768 6 tree tree NN 20467 2768 7 , , , 20467 2768 8 40 40 CD 20467 2768 9 - - SYM 20467 2768 10 50 50 CD 20467 2768 11 feet foot NNS 20467 2768 12 high high JJ 20467 2768 13 , , , 20467 2768 14 rising rise VBG 20467 2768 15 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2768 16 in in IN 20467 2768 17 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2768 18 to to IN 20467 2768 19 a a DT 20467 2768 20 height height NN 20467 2768 21 of of IN 20467 2768 22 60 60 CD 20467 2768 23 - - SYM 20467 2768 24 75 75 CD 20467 2768 25 feet foot NNS 20467 2768 26 ; ; : 20467 2768 27 trunk trunk NN 20467 2768 28 2 2 CD 20467 2768 29 - - SYM 20467 2768 30 4 4 CD 20467 2768 31 feet foot NNS 20467 2768 32 in in IN 20467 2768 33 diameter diameter NN 20467 2768 34 , , , 20467 2768 35 throwing throw VBG 20467 2768 36 out out RP 20467 2768 37 limbs limb NNS 20467 2768 38 at at IN 20467 2768 39 varying vary VBG 20467 2768 40 angles angle NNS 20467 2768 41 a a DT 20467 2768 42 few few JJ 20467 2768 43 feet foot NNS 20467 2768 44 from from IN 20467 2768 45 the the DT 20467 2768 46 ground ground NN 20467 2768 47 ; ; : 20467 2768 48 branches branch NNS 20467 2768 49 and and CC 20467 2768 50 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2768 51 slender slender NN 20467 2768 52 , , , 20467 2768 53 forming form VBG 20467 2768 54 a a DT 20467 2768 55 bushy bushy JJ 20467 2768 56 spray spray NN 20467 2768 57 , , , 20467 2768 58 the the DT 20467 2768 59 tips tip NNS 20467 2768 60 having have VBG 20467 2768 61 a a DT 20467 2768 62 slightly slightly RB 20467 2768 63 upward upward JJ 20467 2768 64 tendency tendency NN 20467 2768 65 ; ; : 20467 2768 66 head head VB 20467 2768 67 compact compact JJ 20467 2768 68 , , , 20467 2768 69 in in IN 20467 2768 70 young young JJ 20467 2768 71 trees tree NNS 20467 2768 72 usually usually RB 20467 2768 73 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2768 74 and and CC 20467 2768 75 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2768 76 , , , 20467 2768 77 widest wide JJS 20467 2768 78 just just RB 20467 2768 79 above above IN 20467 2768 80 the the DT 20467 2768 81 point point NN 20467 2768 82 of of IN 20467 2768 83 furcation furcation NN 20467 2768 84 . . . 20467 2769 1 In in IN 20467 2769 2 the the DT 20467 2769 3 first first JJ 20467 2769 4 warm warm JJ 20467 2769 5 days day NNS 20467 2769 6 of of IN 20467 2769 7 spring spring NN 20467 2769 8 there there RB 20467 2769 9 shimmers shimmer NNS 20467 2769 10 amid amid IN 20467 2769 11 the the DT 20467 2769 12 naked naked JJ 20467 2769 13 branches branch NNS 20467 2769 14 a a DT 20467 2769 15 faint faint JJ 20467 2769 16 glow glow NN 20467 2769 17 of of IN 20467 2769 18 red red NN 20467 2769 19 , , , 20467 2769 20 which which WDT 20467 2769 21 at at IN 20467 2769 22 length length NN 20467 2769 23 becomes become VBZ 20467 2769 24 embodied embody VBN 20467 2769 25 in in IN 20467 2769 26 the the DT 20467 2769 27 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2769 28 scarlet scarlet NN 20467 2769 29 , , , 20467 2769 30 crimson crimson FW 20467 2769 31 , , , 20467 2769 32 or or CC 20467 2769 33 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2769 34 of of IN 20467 2769 35 the the DT 20467 2769 36 long long JJ 20467 2769 37 flowering flowering NN 20467 2769 38 stems stem NNS 20467 2769 39 ; ; , 20467 2769 40 succeeded succeed VBN 20467 2769 41 later later RB 20467 2769 42 by by IN 20467 2769 43 the the DT 20467 2769 44 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 2769 45 fruit fruit NN 20467 2769 46 , , , 20467 2769 47 which which WDT 20467 2769 48 is be VBZ 20467 2769 49 outlined outline VBN 20467 2769 50 against against IN 20467 2769 51 the the DT 20467 2769 52 sober sober JJ 20467 2769 53 green green NN 20467 2769 54 of of IN 20467 2769 55 the the DT 20467 2769 56 foliage foliage NN 20467 2769 57 till till IN 20467 2769 58 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2769 59 pales pale VBZ 20467 2769 60 and and CC 20467 2769 61 falls fall VBZ 20467 2769 62 in in IN 20467 2769 63 June June NNP 20467 2769 64 . . . 20467 2770 1 The the DT 20467 2770 2 colors color NNS 20467 2770 3 of of IN 20467 2770 4 the the DT 20467 2770 5 autumn autumn NN 20467 2770 6 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2770 7 vie vie NNP 20467 2770 8 in in IN 20467 2770 9 splendor splendor NNP 20467 2770 10 with with IN 20467 2770 11 those those DT 20467 2770 12 of of IN 20467 2770 13 the the DT 20467 2770 14 sugar sugar NN 20467 2770 15 maple maple NN 20467 2770 16 . . . 20467 2771 1 = = NFP 20467 2771 2 Bark.=--In Bark.=--In NNP 20467 2771 3 young young JJ 20467 2771 4 trees tree NNS 20467 2771 5 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2771 6 and and CC 20467 2771 7 light light JJ 20467 2771 8 gray gray NN 20467 2771 9 , , , 20467 2771 10 becoming become VBG 20467 2771 11 very very RB 20467 2771 12 dark dark JJ 20467 2771 13 and and CC 20467 2771 14 ridgy ridgy JJ 20467 2771 15 in in IN 20467 2771 16 large large JJ 20467 2771 17 trunks trunk NNS 20467 2771 18 , , , 20467 2771 19 the the DT 20467 2771 20 surface surface NN 20467 2771 21 separating separate VBG 20467 2771 22 into into IN 20467 2771 23 scales scale NNS 20467 2771 24 , , , 20467 2771 25 and and CC 20467 2771 26 in in IN 20467 2771 27 very very RB 20467 2771 28 old old JJ 20467 2771 29 trees tree NNS 20467 2771 30 hanging hang VBG 20467 2771 31 in in IN 20467 2771 32 long long JJ 20467 2771 33 flakes flake NNS 20467 2771 34 ; ; : 20467 2771 35 young young JJ 20467 2771 36 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2771 37 often often RB 20467 2771 38 bright bright VBD 20467 2771 39 red red JJ 20467 2771 40 in in IN 20467 2771 41 autumn autumn NN 20467 2771 42 , , , 20467 2771 43 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2771 44 marked mark VBN 20467 2771 45 with with IN 20467 2771 46 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2771 47 white white JJ 20467 2771 48 spots spot NNS 20467 2771 49 . . . 20467 2772 1 = = NFP 20467 2772 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2772 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2772 4 and and CC 20467 2772 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2772 6 aggregated aggregate VBD 20467 2772 7 at at IN 20467 2772 8 or or CC 20467 2772 9 near near IN 20467 2772 10 the the DT 20467 2772 11 ends end NNS 20467 2772 12 of of IN 20467 2772 13 the the DT 20467 2772 14 preceding precede VBG 20467 2772 15 year year NN 20467 2772 16 's 's POS 20467 2772 17 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2772 18 , , , 20467 2772 19 about about RB 20467 2772 20 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 2772 21 inch inch NN 20467 2772 22 long long RB 20467 2772 23 ; ; : 20467 2772 24 protected protect VBN 20467 2772 25 by by IN 20467 2772 26 dark dark JJ 20467 2772 27 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2772 28 scales scale NNS 20467 2772 29 ; ; , 20467 2772 30 inner inner JJ 20467 2772 31 scales scale NNS 20467 2772 32 lengthening lengthen VBG 20467 2772 33 with with IN 20467 2772 34 the the DT 20467 2772 35 growth growth NN 20467 2772 36 of of IN 20467 2772 37 the the DT 20467 2772 38 shoot shoot NN 20467 2772 39 . . . 20467 2773 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2773 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2773 3 , , , 20467 2773 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2773 5 , , , 20467 2773 6 3 3 CD 20467 2773 7 - - SYM 20467 2773 8 4 4 CD 20467 2773 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2773 10 long long JJ 20467 2773 11 , , , 20467 2773 12 green green JJ 20467 2773 13 and and CC 20467 2773 14 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2773 15 above above RB 20467 2773 16 , , , 20467 2773 17 lighter light JJR 20467 2773 18 and and CC 20467 2773 19 more more RBR 20467 2773 20 or or CC 20467 2773 21 less less RBR 20467 2773 22 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2773 23 beneath beneath IN 20467 2773 24 , , , 20467 2773 25 especially especially RB 20467 2773 26 along along IN 20467 2773 27 the the DT 20467 2773 28 veins vein NNS 20467 2773 29 ; ; , 20467 2773 30 turning turn VBG 20467 2773 31 crimson crimson NN 20467 2773 32 or or CC 20467 2773 33 scarlet scarlet JJ 20467 2773 34 in in RP 20467 2773 35 early early JJ 20467 2773 36 autumn autumn NN 20467 2773 37 ; ; : 20467 2773 38 ovate ovate NN 20467 2773 39 , , , 20467 2773 40 3 3 CD 20467 2773 41 - - SYM 20467 2773 42 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2773 43 , , , 20467 2773 44 the the DT 20467 2773 45 middle middle JJ 20467 2773 46 lobe lobe NNP 20467 2773 47 generally generally RB 20467 2773 48 the the DT 20467 2773 49 longest long JJS 20467 2773 50 , , , 20467 2773 51 the the DT 20467 2773 52 lower low JJR 20467 2773 53 pair pair NN 20467 2773 54 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2773 55 when when WRB 20467 2773 56 5 5 CD 20467 2773 57 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2773 58 are be VBP 20467 2773 59 present present JJ 20467 2773 60 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2773 61 the the DT 20467 2773 62 smallest small JJS 20467 2773 63 ; ; : 20467 2773 64 unequally unequally RB 20467 2773 65 sharp sharp JJ 20467 2773 66 - - HYPH 20467 2773 67 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2773 68 , , , 20467 2773 69 with with IN 20467 2773 70 broad broad JJ 20467 2773 71 , , , 20467 2773 72 acute acute JJ 20467 2773 73 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 2773 74 ; ; : 20467 2773 75 apex apex NNP 20467 2773 76 acute acute NNP 20467 2773 77 ; ; : 20467 2773 78 base base JJ 20467 2773 79 heart heart NN 20467 2773 80 - - HYPH 20467 2773 81 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2773 82 , , , 20467 2773 83 truncate truncate JJ 20467 2773 84 , , , 20467 2773 85 or or CC 20467 2773 86 obtuse obtuse VB 20467 2773 87 ; ; : 20467 2773 88 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 2773 89 1 1 CD 20467 2773 90 - - SYM 20467 2773 91 3 3 CD 20467 2773 92 inches inch NNS 20467 2773 93 long long JJ 20467 2773 94 . . . 20467 2774 1 The the DT 20467 2774 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 2774 3 of of IN 20467 2774 4 the the DT 20467 2774 5 red red JJ 20467 2774 6 maple maple NNP 20467 2774 7 vary vary VBP 20467 2774 8 greatly greatly RB 20467 2774 9 in in IN 20467 2774 10 size size NN 20467 2774 11 , , , 20467 2774 12 outline outline NN 20467 2774 13 , , , 20467 2774 14 lobing lobing NN 20467 2774 15 , , , 20467 2774 16 and and CC 20467 2774 17 shape shape NN 20467 2774 18 of of IN 20467 2774 19 base base NN 20467 2774 20 . . . 20467 2775 1 = = NFP 20467 2775 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 2775 3 1 1 CD 20467 2775 4 - - SYM 20467 2775 5 15 15 CD 20467 2775 6 . . . 20467 2776 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2776 2 before before IN 20467 2776 3 the the DT 20467 2776 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2776 5 in in IN 20467 2776 6 close close JJ 20467 2776 7 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2776 8 encircling encircle VBG 20467 2776 9 the the DT 20467 2776 10 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2776 11 of of IN 20467 2776 12 the the DT 20467 2776 13 previous previous JJ 20467 2776 14 year year NN 20467 2776 15 , , , 20467 2776 16 varying vary VBG 20467 2776 17 in in IN 20467 2776 18 color color NN 20467 2776 19 from from IN 20467 2776 20 dull dull JJ 20467 2776 21 red red JJ 20467 2776 22 or or CC 20467 2776 23 pale pale JJ 20467 2776 24 yellow yellow NN 20467 2776 25 to to TO 20467 2776 26 scarlet scarlet VB 20467 2776 27 ; ; : 20467 2776 28 the the DT 20467 2776 29 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2776 30 and and CC 20467 2776 31 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2776 32 flowers flower NNS 20467 2776 33 mostly mostly RB 20467 2776 34 in in IN 20467 2776 35 separate separate JJ 20467 2776 36 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2776 37 , , , 20467 2776 38 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2776 39 on on IN 20467 2776 40 the the DT 20467 2776 41 same same JJ 20467 2776 42 tree tree NN 20467 2776 43 , , , 20467 2776 44 but but CC 20467 2776 45 more more RBR 20467 2776 46 frequently frequently RB 20467 2776 47 on on IN 20467 2776 48 different different JJ 20467 2776 49 trees tree NNS 20467 2776 50 ; ; : 20467 2776 51 calyx calyx NN 20467 2776 52 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2776 53 oblong oblong RB 20467 2776 54 and and CC 20467 2776 55 obtuse obtuse VB 20467 2776 56 ; ; : 20467 2776 57 petals petal NNS 20467 2776 58 linear linear JJ 20467 2776 59 - - HYPH 20467 2776 60 oblong oblong NN 20467 2776 61 ; ; : 20467 2776 62 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 2776 63 short short JJ 20467 2776 64 ; ; : 20467 2776 65 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2776 66 5 5 CD 20467 2776 67 - - SYM 20467 2776 68 8 8 CD 20467 2776 69 , , , 20467 2776 70 much much RB 20467 2776 71 longer long JJR 20467 2776 72 than than IN 20467 2776 73 the the DT 20467 2776 74 petals petal NNS 20467 2776 75 in in IN 20467 2776 76 the the DT 20467 2776 77 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2776 78 and and CC 20467 2776 79 about about IN 20467 2776 80 the the DT 20467 2776 81 same same JJ 20467 2776 82 length length NN 20467 2776 83 in in IN 20467 2776 84 the the DT 20467 2776 85 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2776 86 flowers flower NNS 20467 2776 87 ; ; : 20467 2776 88 the the DT 20467 2776 89 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2776 90 ovary ovary NN 20467 2776 91 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 2776 92 by by IN 20467 2776 93 a a DT 20467 2776 94 style style NN 20467 2776 95 separating separate VBG 20467 2776 96 into into IN 20467 2776 97 two two CD 20467 2776 98 much much RB 20467 2776 99 - - HYPH 20467 2776 100 projecting project VBG 20467 2776 101 stigmatic stigmatic JJ 20467 2776 102 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2776 103 . . . 20467 2777 1 = = NFP 20467 2777 2 Fruit.=--Fruit fruit.=--fruit FW 20467 2777 3 ripe ripe NN 20467 2777 4 in in IN 20467 2777 5 June June NNP 20467 2777 6 , , , 20467 2777 7 hanging hang VBG 20467 2777 8 on on IN 20467 2777 9 long long JJ 20467 2777 10 stems stem NNS 20467 2777 11 , , , 20467 2777 12 varying vary VBG 20467 2777 13 from from IN 20467 2777 14 brown brown NNP 20467 2777 15 to to IN 20467 2777 16 crimson crimson NNP 20467 2777 17 ; ; : 20467 2777 18 keys key NNS 20467 2777 19 about about IN 20467 2777 20 an an DT 20467 2777 21 inch inch NN 20467 2777 22 in in IN 20467 2777 23 length length NN 20467 2777 24 , , , 20467 2777 25 at at IN 20467 2777 26 first first JJ 20467 2777 27 convergent convergent NN 20467 2777 28 , , , 20467 2777 29 at at IN 20467 2777 30 maturity maturity NN 20467 2777 31 more more RBR 20467 2777 32 or or CC 20467 2777 33 less less RBR 20467 2777 34 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2777 35 . . . 20467 2778 1 = = NFP 20467 2778 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2778 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2778 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2778 5 New New NNP 20467 2778 6 England England NNP 20467 2778 7 ; ; : 20467 2778 8 found find VBN 20467 2778 9 in in IN 20467 2778 10 a a DT 20467 2778 11 wider wide JJR 20467 2778 12 range range NN 20467 2778 13 of of IN 20467 2778 14 soils soil NNS 20467 2778 15 than than IN 20467 2778 16 any any DT 20467 2778 17 other other JJ 20467 2778 18 species specie NNS 20467 2778 19 of of IN 20467 2778 20 the the DT 20467 2778 21 genus genus NN 20467 2778 22 , , , 20467 2778 23 but but CC 20467 2778 24 seeming seeming JJ 20467 2778 25 to to TO 20467 2778 26 prefer prefer VB 20467 2778 27 a a DT 20467 2778 28 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 2778 29 or or CC 20467 2778 30 peaty peaty NN 20467 2778 31 loam loam NN 20467 2778 32 in in IN 20467 2778 33 positions position NNS 20467 2778 34 where where WRB 20467 2778 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2778 36 roots root NNS 20467 2778 37 can can MD 20467 2778 38 reach reach VB 20467 2778 39 a a DT 20467 2778 40 constant constant JJ 20467 2778 41 supply supply NN 20467 2778 42 of of IN 20467 2778 43 moisture moisture NN 20467 2778 44 . . . 20467 2779 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2779 2 is be VBZ 20467 2779 3 more more RBR 20467 2779 4 variable variable JJ 20467 2779 5 than than IN 20467 2779 6 any any DT 20467 2779 7 other other JJ 20467 2779 8 of of IN 20467 2779 9 the the DT 20467 2779 10 native native JJ 20467 2779 11 maples maple NNS 20467 2779 12 and and CC 20467 2779 13 consequently consequently RB 20467 2779 14 is be VBZ 20467 2779 15 not not RB 20467 2779 16 so so RB 20467 2779 17 good good JJ 20467 2779 18 a a DT 20467 2779 19 tree tree NN 20467 2779 20 for for IN 20467 2779 21 streets street NNS 20467 2779 22 , , , 20467 2779 23 where where WRB 20467 2779 24 a a DT 20467 2779 25 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2779 26 outline outline NN 20467 2779 27 and and CC 20467 2779 28 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2779 29 habit habit NN 20467 2779 30 are be VBP 20467 2779 31 required require VBN 20467 2779 32 . . . 20467 2780 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2780 2 is be VBZ 20467 2780 3 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 2780 4 readily readily RB 20467 2780 5 , , , 20467 2780 6 but but CC 20467 2780 7 recovers recover NNS 20467 2780 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2780 9 vigor vigor NN 20467 2780 10 more more RBR 20467 2780 11 slowly slowly RB 20467 2780 12 than than IN 20467 2780 13 does do VBZ 20467 2780 14 the the DT 20467 2780 15 sugar sugar NN 20467 2780 16 or or CC 20467 2780 17 silver silver NN 20467 2780 18 maple maple NN 20467 2780 19 and and CC 20467 2780 20 is be VBZ 20467 2780 21 usually usually RB 20467 2780 22 of of IN 20467 2780 23 slower slow JJR 20467 2780 24 growth growth NN 20467 2780 25 . . . 20467 2781 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2781 2 variable variable JJ 20467 2781 3 habit habit NN 20467 2781 4 makes make VBZ 20467 2781 5 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2781 6 an an DT 20467 2781 7 exceedingly exceedingly RB 20467 2781 8 interesting interesting JJ 20467 2781 9 tree tree NN 20467 2781 10 in in IN 20467 2781 11 the the DT 20467 2781 12 landscape landscape NN 20467 2781 13 . . . 20467 2782 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2782 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2782 3 : : : 20467 2782 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2782 5 LXXI.--Acer lxxi.--acer NN 20467 2782 6 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 2782 7 . . . 20467 2782 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2783 1 1 1 LS 20467 2783 2 . . . 20467 2784 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 2784 2 - - HYPH 20467 2784 3 buds bud NNS 20467 2784 4 . . . 20467 2785 1 2 2 LS 20467 2785 2 . . . 20467 2786 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2786 2 - - HYPH 20467 2786 3 buds bud NNS 20467 2786 4 . . . 20467 2787 1 3 3 LS 20467 2787 2 . . . 20467 2788 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2788 2 with with IN 20467 2788 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2788 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2788 5 . . . 20467 2789 1 4 4 LS 20467 2789 2 . . . 20467 2790 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2790 2 flower flower NN 20467 2790 3 . . . 20467 2791 1 5 5 CD 20467 2791 2 . . . 20467 2792 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2792 2 with with IN 20467 2792 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2792 4 and and CC 20467 2792 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2792 6 flowers flower NNS 20467 2792 7 . . . 20467 2793 1 6 6 CD 20467 2793 2 . . . 20467 2794 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2794 2 flower flower NN 20467 2794 3 . . . 20467 2795 1 7 7 LS 20467 2795 2 . . . 20467 2796 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2796 2 branch branch NN 20467 2796 3 . . . 20467 2797 1 8 8 LS 20467 2797 2 . . . 20467 2798 1 Variant variant JJ 20467 2798 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 2798 3 . . . 20467 2799 1 = = NFP 20467 2799 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2799 3 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 2799 4 , , , 20467 2799 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 2799 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2799 7 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2799 8 dasycarpum dasycarpum NN 20467 2799 9 , , , 20467 2799 10 Ehrh Ehrh NNP 20467 2799 11 . . . 20467 2799 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2799 13 SILVER SILVER NNP 20467 2799 14 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2799 15 . . . 20467 2800 1 SOFT soft JJ 20467 2800 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2800 3 . . . 20467 2801 1 WHITE white JJ 20467 2801 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2801 3 . . . 20467 2802 1 RIVER RIVER NNP 20467 2802 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2802 3 . . . 20467 2803 1 = = NFP 20467 2803 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2803 3 and and CC 20467 2803 4 Range.=--Along range.=--along JJ 20467 2803 5 streams stream NNS 20467 2803 6 , , , 20467 2803 7 in in IN 20467 2803 8 rich rich JJ 20467 2803 9 intervale intervale NNP 20467 2803 10 lands land NNS 20467 2803 11 , , , 20467 2803 12 and and CC 20467 2803 13 in in IN 20467 2803 14 moist moist JJ 20467 2803 15 , , , 20467 2803 16 deep deep JJ 20467 2803 17 - - HYPH 20467 2803 18 soiled soil VBN 20467 2803 19 forests forest NNS 20467 2803 20 , , , 20467 2803 21 but but CC 20467 2803 22 not not RB 20467 2803 23 in in IN 20467 2803 24 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2803 25 . . . 20467 2804 1 Infrequent infrequent NN 20467 2804 2 from from IN 20467 2804 3 New New NNP 20467 2804 4 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 2804 5 to to IN 20467 2804 6 Ottawa Ottawa NNP 20467 2804 7 , , , 20467 2804 8 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2804 9 from from IN 20467 2804 10 Ottawa Ottawa NNP 20467 2804 11 throughout throughout IN 20467 2804 12 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2804 13 . . . 20467 2805 1 Occasional occasional JJ 20467 2805 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 2805 3 the the DT 20467 2805 4 New New NNP 20467 2805 5 England England NNP 20467 2805 6 states state NNS 20467 2805 7 ; ; : 20467 2805 8 most most RBS 20467 2805 9 common common JJ 20467 2805 10 and and CC 20467 2805 11 best good JJS 20467 2805 12 developed develop VBN 20467 2805 13 upon upon IN 20467 2805 14 the the DT 20467 2805 15 banks bank NNS 20467 2805 16 of of IN 20467 2805 17 rivers river NNS 20467 2805 18 and and CC 20467 2805 19 lakes lake NNS 20467 2805 20 at at IN 20467 2805 21 low low JJ 20467 2805 22 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 2805 23 . . . 20467 2806 1 South south RB 20467 2806 2 to to IN 20467 2806 3 the the DT 20467 2806 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 2806 5 states state NNS 20467 2806 6 ; ; : 20467 2806 7 west west NN 20467 2806 8 to to IN 20467 2806 9 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 2806 10 , , , 20467 2806 11 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2806 12 , , , 20467 2806 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2806 14 , , , 20467 2806 15 and and CC 20467 2806 16 Indian indian JJ 20467 2806 17 territory territory NN 20467 2806 18 ; ; : 20467 2806 19 attaining attain VBG 20467 2806 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2806 21 maximum maximum JJ 20467 2806 22 size size NN 20467 2806 23 in in IN 20467 2806 24 the the DT 20467 2806 25 basins basin NNS 20467 2806 26 of of IN 20467 2806 27 the the DT 20467 2806 28 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2806 29 and and CC 20467 2806 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2806 31 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 2806 32 ; ; : 20467 2806 33 rare rare JJ 20467 2806 34 towards towards IN 20467 2806 35 the the DT 20467 2806 36 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2806 37 throughout throughout IN 20467 2806 38 the the DT 20467 2806 39 whole whole JJ 20467 2806 40 range range NN 20467 2806 41 . . . 20467 2807 1 = = NFP 20467 2807 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2807 3 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2807 4 tree tree NN 20467 2807 5 , , , 20467 2807 6 50 50 CD 20467 2807 7 - - SYM 20467 2807 8 60 60 CD 20467 2807 9 feet foot NNS 20467 2807 10 in in IN 20467 2807 11 height height NN 20467 2807 12 ; ; : 20467 2807 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 2807 14 2 2 CD 20467 2807 15 - - SYM 20467 2807 16 5 5 CD 20467 2807 17 feet foot NNS 20467 2807 18 in in IN 20467 2807 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2807 20 , , , 20467 2807 21 separating separate VBG 20467 2807 22 a a DT 20467 2807 23 few few JJ 20467 2807 24 feet foot NNS 20467 2807 25 from from IN 20467 2807 26 the the DT 20467 2807 27 ground ground NN 20467 2807 28 into into IN 20467 2807 29 several several JJ 20467 2807 30 large large JJ 20467 2807 31 , , , 20467 2807 32 slightly slightly RB 20467 2807 33 diverging diverge VBG 20467 2807 34 branches branch NNS 20467 2807 35 . . . 20467 2808 1 These these DT 20467 2808 2 , , , 20467 2808 3 naked naked JJ 20467 2808 4 for for IN 20467 2808 5 some some DT 20467 2808 6 distance distance NN 20467 2808 7 , , , 20467 2808 8 repeatedly repeatedly RB 20467 2808 9 subdivide subdivide VB 20467 2808 10 at at IN 20467 2808 11 wider wide JJR 20467 2808 12 angles angle NNS 20467 2808 13 , , , 20467 2808 14 forming form VBG 20467 2808 15 a a DT 20467 2808 16 very very RB 20467 2808 17 wide wide JJ 20467 2808 18 head head NN 20467 2808 19 , , , 20467 2808 20 much much RB 20467 2808 21 broader broad JJR 20467 2808 22 near near IN 20467 2808 23 the the DT 20467 2808 24 top top NN 20467 2808 25 . . . 20467 2809 1 The the DT 20467 2809 2 ultimate ultimate JJ 20467 2809 3 branches branch NNS 20467 2809 4 are be VBP 20467 2809 5 long long JJ 20467 2809 6 and and CC 20467 2809 7 slender slend JJR 20467 2809 8 , , , 20467 2809 9 often often RB 20467 2809 10 forming form VBG 20467 2809 11 on on IN 20467 2809 12 the the DT 20467 2809 13 lower low JJR 20467 2809 14 limbs limb NNS 20467 2809 15 a a DT 20467 2809 16 pendulous pendulous JJ 20467 2809 17 fringe fringe NN 20467 2809 18 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2809 19 reaching reach VBG 20467 2809 20 to to IN 20467 2809 21 the the DT 20467 2809 22 ground ground NN 20467 2809 23 . . . 20467 2810 1 Distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2810 2 in in IN 20467 2810 3 winter winter NN 20467 2810 4 by by IN 20467 2810 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2810 6 characteristic characteristic JJ 20467 2810 7 graceful graceful JJ 20467 2810 8 outlines outline NNS 20467 2810 9 , , , 20467 2810 10 and and CC 20467 2810 11 by by IN 20467 2810 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2810 13 flower flower NN 20467 2810 14 - - HYPH 20467 2810 15 buds bud NNS 20467 2810 16 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2810 17 scattered scatter VBN 20467 2810 18 along along IN 20467 2810 19 the the DT 20467 2810 20 tips tip NNS 20467 2810 21 of of IN 20467 2810 22 the the DT 20467 2810 23 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2810 24 ; ; : 20467 2810 25 in in IN 20467 2810 26 summer summer NN 20467 2810 27 by by IN 20467 2810 28 the the DT 20467 2810 29 silvery silvery JJ 20467 2810 30 - - HYPH 20467 2810 31 white white JJ 20467 2810 32 under under IN 20467 2810 33 - - HYPH 20467 2810 34 surface surface NN 20467 2810 35 of of IN 20467 2810 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2810 37 deeply deeply RB 20467 2810 38 cut cut VBN 20467 2810 39 leaves leave NNS 20467 2810 40 . . . 20467 2811 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2811 2 is be VBZ 20467 2811 3 among among IN 20467 2811 4 the the DT 20467 2811 5 first first JJ 20467 2811 6 of of IN 20467 2811 7 the the DT 20467 2811 8 New New NNP 20467 2811 9 England England NNP 20467 2811 10 trees tree NNS 20467 2811 11 to to IN 20467 2811 12 blossom blossom NNS 20467 2811 13 , , , 20467 2811 14 preceding precede VBG 20467 2811 15 the the DT 20467 2811 16 red red NNP 20467 2811 17 maple maple NNP 20467 2811 18 by by IN 20467 2811 19 one one CD 20467 2811 20 to to TO 20467 2811 21 three three CD 20467 2811 22 weeks week NNS 20467 2811 23 . . . 20467 2812 1 = = NFP 20467 2812 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2812 3 of of IN 20467 2812 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2812 5 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2812 6 and and CC 20467 2812 7 gray gray JJ 20467 2812 8 in in IN 20467 2812 9 young young JJ 20467 2812 10 trees tree NNS 20467 2812 11 , , , 20467 2812 12 becoming become VBG 20467 2812 13 with with IN 20467 2812 14 age age NN 20467 2812 15 rougher rougher NN 20467 2812 16 and and CC 20467 2812 17 darker dark JJR 20467 2812 18 , , , 20467 2812 19 more more RBR 20467 2812 20 or or CC 20467 2812 21 less less RBR 20467 2812 22 ridged ridged JJ 20467 2812 23 , , , 20467 2812 24 separating separate VBG 20467 2812 25 into into IN 20467 2812 26 thin thin JJ 20467 2812 27 , , , 20467 2812 28 loose loose JJ 20467 2812 29 scales scale NNS 20467 2812 30 ; ; : 20467 2812 31 young young JJ 20467 2812 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2812 33 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 2812 34 - - HYPH 20467 2812 35 colored color VBN 20467 2812 36 in in IN 20467 2812 37 autumn autumn NN 20467 2812 38 , , , 20467 2812 39 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2812 40 , , , 20467 2812 41 polished polished JJ 20467 2812 42 , , , 20467 2812 43 profusely profusely RB 20467 2812 44 marked mark VBN 20467 2812 45 with with IN 20467 2812 46 light light JJ 20467 2812 47 dots dot NNS 20467 2812 48 . . . 20467 2813 1 = = NFP 20467 2813 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2813 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2813 4 and and CC 20467 2813 5 Leaves.=--Flower leaves.=--flower NN 20467 2813 6 - - HYPH 20467 2813 7 buds bud NNS 20467 2813 8 clustered cluster VBN 20467 2813 9 near near IN 20467 2813 10 the the DT 20467 2813 11 ends end NNS 20467 2813 12 of of IN 20467 2813 13 the the DT 20467 2813 14 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2813 15 , , , 20467 2813 16 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2813 17 in in IN 20467 2813 18 winter winter NN 20467 2813 19 ; ; : 20467 2813 20 scales scale NNS 20467 2813 21 imbricated imbricated NNP 20467 2813 22 , , , 20467 2813 23 convex convex NNP 20467 2813 24 , , , 20467 2813 25 polished polished JJ 20467 2813 26 , , , 20467 2813 27 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2813 28 , , , 20467 2813 29 with with IN 20467 2813 30 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 2813 31 margins margin NNS 20467 2813 32 ; ; : 20467 2813 33 leaf leaf NN 20467 2813 34 - - HYPH 20467 2813 35 buds bud NNS 20467 2813 36 more more JJR 20467 2813 37 slender slender NN 20467 2813 38 , , , 20467 2813 39 about about RB 20467 2813 40 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 2813 41 inch inch NN 20467 2813 42 long long JJ 20467 2813 43 , , , 20467 2813 44 with with IN 20467 2813 45 similar similar JJ 20467 2813 46 scales scale NNS 20467 2813 47 , , , 20467 2813 48 the the DT 20467 2813 49 inner inner JJ 20467 2813 50 lengthening lengthening NN 20467 2813 51 , , , 20467 2813 52 falling fall VBG 20467 2813 53 as as IN 20467 2813 54 the the DT 20467 2813 55 leaf leaf NN 20467 2813 56 expands expand VBZ 20467 2813 57 . . . 20467 2814 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2814 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2814 3 , , , 20467 2814 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2814 5 , , , 20467 2814 6 3 3 CD 20467 2814 7 - - SYM 20467 2814 8 5 5 CD 20467 2814 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2814 10 long long JJ 20467 2814 11 , , , 20467 2814 12 of of IN 20467 2814 13 varying vary VBG 20467 2814 14 width width NN 20467 2814 15 , , , 20467 2814 16 light light NN 20467 2814 17 green green JJ 20467 2814 18 above above RB 20467 2814 19 , , , 20467 2814 20 silvery silvery JJ 20467 2814 21 - - HYPH 20467 2814 22 white white JJ 20467 2814 23 beneath beneath RB 20467 2814 24 , , , 20467 2814 25 turning turn VBG 20467 2814 26 yellow yellow NN 20467 2814 27 in in IN 20467 2814 28 autumn autumn NN 20467 2814 29 ; ; : 20467 2814 30 lobes lob VBZ 20467 2814 31 3 3 CD 20467 2814 32 , , , 20467 2814 33 or or CC 20467 2814 34 more more JJR 20467 2814 35 usually usually RB 20467 2814 36 5 5 CD 20467 2814 37 , , , 20467 2814 38 deeply deeply RB 20467 2814 39 cut cut VBN 20467 2814 40 , , , 20467 2814 41 sharp sharp JJ 20467 2814 42 - - HYPH 20467 2814 43 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2814 44 , , , 20467 2814 45 sharp sharp RB 20467 2814 46 - - HYPH 20467 2814 47 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2814 48 , , , 20467 2814 49 more more RBR 20467 2814 50 or or CC 20467 2814 51 less less RBR 20467 2814 52 sublobed sublobed JJ 20467 2814 53 ; ; : 20467 2814 54 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 2814 55 deep deep JJ 20467 2814 56 , , , 20467 2814 57 narrow narrow JJ 20467 2814 58 , , , 20467 2814 59 with with IN 20467 2814 60 concave concave NNP 20467 2814 61 sides side NNS 20467 2814 62 ; ; : 20467 2814 63 base base NN 20467 2814 64 sub sub NN 20467 2814 65 - - JJ 20467 2814 66 heart heart NN 20467 2814 67 - - HYPH 20467 2814 68 shaped shape VBN 20467 2814 69 or or CC 20467 2814 70 truncate truncate JJ 20467 2814 71 ; ; : 20467 2814 72 stems stem VBZ 20467 2814 73 long long JJ 20467 2814 74 . . . 20467 2815 1 = = NFP 20467 2815 2 Inflorescence.=--March inflorescence.=--march ADD 20467 2815 3 to to IN 20467 2815 4 April April NNP 20467 2815 5 . . . 20467 2816 1 Much much RB 20467 2816 2 preceding precede VBG 20467 2816 3 the the DT 20467 2816 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2816 5 ; ; : 20467 2816 6 from from IN 20467 2816 7 short short JJ 20467 2816 8 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2816 9 of of IN 20467 2816 10 the the DT 20467 2816 11 previous previous JJ 20467 2816 12 year year NN 20467 2816 13 , , , 20467 2816 14 in in IN 20467 2816 15 simple simple JJ 20467 2816 16 , , , 20467 2816 17 crowded crowded JJ 20467 2816 18 umbels umbel NNS 20467 2816 19 ; ; : 20467 2816 20 flowers flower NNS 20467 2816 21 rarely rarely RB 20467 2816 22 perfect perfect JJ 20467 2816 23 , , , 20467 2816 24 the the DT 20467 2816 25 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2816 26 and and CC 20467 2816 27 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2816 28 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2816 29 on on IN 20467 2816 30 the the DT 20467 2816 31 same same JJ 20467 2816 32 tree tree NN 20467 2816 33 and and CC 20467 2816 34 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2816 35 on on IN 20467 2816 36 different different JJ 20467 2816 37 trees tree NNS 20467 2816 38 , , , 20467 2816 39 generally generally RB 20467 2816 40 in in IN 20467 2816 41 separate separate JJ 20467 2816 42 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2816 43 , , , 20467 2816 44 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2816 45 - - HYPH 20467 2816 46 green green JJ 20467 2816 47 or or CC 20467 2816 48 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2816 49 pinkish pinkish JJ 20467 2816 50 ; ; : 20467 2816 51 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2816 52 5-notched 5-notched NNP 20467 2816 53 , , , 20467 2816 54 wholly wholly RB 20467 2816 55 included include VBN 20467 2816 56 in in IN 20467 2816 57 bud bud NN 20467 2816 58 - - HYPH 20467 2816 59 scales scale NNS 20467 2816 60 ; ; : 20467 2816 61 petals petal NNS 20467 2816 62 none none NN 20467 2816 63 ; ; : 20467 2816 64 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2816 65 flowers flower NNS 20467 2816 66 long long JJ 20467 2816 67 , , , 20467 2816 68 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2816 69 3 3 CD 20467 2816 70 - - SYM 20467 2816 71 7 7 CD 20467 2816 72 much much RB 20467 2816 73 exserted exserted JJ 20467 2816 74 , , , 20467 2816 75 filaments filament NNS 20467 2816 76 slender slender NN 20467 2816 77 , , , 20467 2816 78 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2816 79 abortive abortive NN 20467 2816 80 or or CC 20467 2816 81 none none NN 20467 2816 82 : : : 20467 2816 83 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2816 84 flowers flower NNS 20467 2816 85 broad broad RB 20467 2816 86 , , , 20467 2816 87 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2816 88 about about IN 20467 2816 89 the the DT 20467 2816 90 length length NN 20467 2816 91 of of IN 20467 2816 92 calyx calyx NN 20467 2816 93 - - HYPH 20467 2816 94 tube tube NN 20467 2816 95 , , , 20467 2816 96 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2816 97 woolly woolly RB 20467 2816 98 , , , 20467 2816 99 with with IN 20467 2816 100 two two CD 20467 2816 101 styles style NNS 20467 2816 102 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2816 103 united unite VBN 20467 2816 104 at at IN 20467 2816 105 the the DT 20467 2816 106 base base NN 20467 2816 107 . . . 20467 2817 1 = = NFP 20467 2817 2 Fruit.=--Fruit fruit.=--fruit NN 20467 2817 3 ripens ripen VBZ 20467 2817 4 in in IN 20467 2817 5 June June NNP 20467 2817 6 , , , 20467 2817 7 earliest early JJS 20467 2817 8 of of IN 20467 2817 9 the the DT 20467 2817 10 New New NNP 20467 2817 11 England England NNP 20467 2817 12 maples maple NNS 20467 2817 13 . . . 20467 2818 1 Keys key NNS 20467 2818 2 large large JJ 20467 2818 3 , , , 20467 2818 4 woolly woolly RB 20467 2818 5 when when WRB 20467 2818 6 young young JJ 20467 2818 7 , , , 20467 2818 8 at at IN 20467 2818 9 length length NN 20467 2818 10 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2818 11 , , , 20467 2818 12 widely widely RB 20467 2818 13 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2818 14 , , , 20467 2818 15 scythe scythe NN 20467 2818 16 - - HYPH 20467 2818 17 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2818 18 or or CC 20467 2818 19 straight straight JJ 20467 2818 20 , , , 20467 2818 21 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2818 22 - - HYPH 20467 2818 23 green green JJ 20467 2818 24 , , , 20467 2818 25 one one CD 20467 2818 26 key key NN 20467 2818 27 often often RB 20467 2818 28 aborted abort VBD 20467 2818 29 . . . 20467 2819 1 = = NFP 20467 2819 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2819 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2819 4 in in IN 20467 2819 5 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2819 6 throughout throughout IN 20467 2819 7 New New NNP 20467 2819 8 England England NNP 20467 2819 9 . . . 20467 2820 1 The the DT 20467 2820 2 grace grace NN 20467 2820 3 of of IN 20467 2820 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2820 5 branches branch NNS 20467 2820 6 , , , 20467 2820 7 the the DT 20467 2820 8 beauty beauty NN 20467 2820 9 of of IN 20467 2820 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2820 11 foliage foliage NN 20467 2820 12 , , , 20467 2820 13 and and CC 20467 2820 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2820 15 rapid rapid JJ 20467 2820 16 growth growth NN 20467 2820 17 make make VBP 20467 2820 18 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2820 19 a a DT 20467 2820 20 favorite favorite JJ 20467 2820 21 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2820 22 tree tree NN 20467 2820 23 . . . 20467 2821 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2821 2 attains attain VBZ 20467 2821 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2821 4 finest fine JJS 20467 2821 5 development development NN 20467 2821 6 when when WRB 20467 2821 7 planted plant VBN 20467 2821 8 by by IN 20467 2821 9 the the DT 20467 2821 10 margin margin NN 20467 2821 11 of of IN 20467 2821 12 pond pond NN 20467 2821 13 or or CC 20467 2821 14 stream stream VB 20467 2821 15 where where WRB 20467 2821 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2821 17 roots root NNS 20467 2821 18 can can MD 20467 2821 19 reach reach VB 20467 2821 20 water water NN 20467 2821 21 , , , 20467 2821 22 but but CC 20467 2821 23 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2821 24 grows grow VBZ 20467 2821 25 well well RB 20467 2821 26 in in IN 20467 2821 27 any any DT 20467 2821 28 good good JJ 20467 2821 29 soil soil NN 20467 2821 30 . . . 20467 2822 1 Easily easily RB 20467 2822 2 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 2822 3 , , , 20467 2822 4 and and CC 20467 2822 5 more more RBR 20467 2822 6 readily readily RB 20467 2822 7 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2822 8 at at IN 20467 2822 9 a a DT 20467 2822 10 low low JJ 20467 2822 11 price price NN 20467 2822 12 than than IN 20467 2822 13 any any DT 20467 2822 14 other other JJ 20467 2822 15 tree tree NN 20467 2822 16 in in IN 20467 2822 17 general general JJ 20467 2822 18 use use NN 20467 2822 19 for for IN 20467 2822 20 street street NN 20467 2822 21 or or CC 20467 2822 22 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 2822 23 purposes purpose NNS 20467 2822 24 . . . 20467 2823 1 The the DT 20467 2823 2 branches branch NNS 20467 2823 3 are be VBP 20467 2823 4 easily easily RB 20467 2823 5 broken break VBN 20467 2823 6 by by IN 20467 2823 7 wind wind NN 20467 2823 8 and and CC 20467 2823 9 ice ice NN 20467 2823 10 , , , 20467 2823 11 and and CC 20467 2823 12 the the DT 20467 2823 13 roots root NNS 20467 2823 14 fill fill VBP 20467 2823 15 the the DT 20467 2823 16 ground ground NN 20467 2823 17 for for IN 20467 2823 18 a a DT 20467 2823 19 long long JJ 20467 2823 20 distance distance NN 20467 2823 21 and and CC 20467 2823 22 exhaust exhaust VB 20467 2823 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2823 24 fertility fertility NN 20467 2823 25 . . . 20467 2824 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2824 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2824 3 : : : 20467 2824 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2824 5 LXXII.--Acer LXXII.--Acer NNP 20467 2824 6 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 2824 7 . . . 20467 2824 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2825 1 1 1 LS 20467 2825 2 . . . 20467 2826 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 2826 2 - - HYPH 20467 2826 3 buds bud NNS 20467 2826 4 . . . 20467 2827 1 2 2 LS 20467 2827 2 . . . 20467 2828 1 Flower flower NN 20467 2828 2 - - HYPH 20467 2828 3 buds bud NNS 20467 2828 4 . . . 20467 2829 1 3 3 LS 20467 2829 2 . . . 20467 2830 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2830 2 with with IN 20467 2830 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2830 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2830 5 . . . 20467 2831 1 4 4 LS 20467 2831 2 . . . 20467 2832 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2832 2 with with IN 20467 2832 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2832 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2832 5 . . . 20467 2833 1 5 5 CD 20467 2833 2 . . . 20467 2834 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2834 2 with with IN 20467 2834 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2834 4 and and CC 20467 2834 5 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2834 6 flowers flower NNS 20467 2834 7 . . . 20467 2835 1 6 6 CD 20467 2835 2 . . . 20467 2836 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2836 2 flower flower NN 20467 2836 3 . . . 20467 2837 1 7 7 LS 20467 2837 2 . . . 20467 2838 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2838 2 flower flower NN 20467 2838 3 . . . 20467 2839 1 8 8 LS 20467 2839 2 . . . 20467 2840 1 Perfect perfect JJ 20467 2840 2 flower flower NN 20467 2840 3 . . . 20467 2841 1 9 9 CD 20467 2841 2 . . . 20467 2842 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2842 2 branch branch NN 20467 2842 3 . . . 20467 2843 1 = = NFP 20467 2843 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2843 3 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 2843 4 , , , 20467 2843 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 2843 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2843 7 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2843 8 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 2843 9 , , , 20467 2843 10 Wang Wang NNP 20467 2843 11 . . . 20467 2843 12 _ _ NNP 20467 2843 13 _ _ NNP 20467 2843 14 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2843 15 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 2843 16 , , , 20467 2843 17 Michx Michx NNP 20467 2843 18 . . . 20467 2843 19 _ _ NNP 20467 2843 20 ROCK ROCK NNP 20467 2843 21 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2843 22 . . . 20467 2844 1 SUGAR SUGAR NNP 20467 2844 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2844 3 . . . 20467 2845 1 HARD HARD NNP 20467 2845 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2845 3 . . . 20467 2846 1 SUGAR sugar JJ 20467 2846 2 TREE TREE NNP 20467 2846 3 . . . 20467 2847 1 = = NFP 20467 2847 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2847 3 and and CC 20467 2847 4 Range.=--Rich Range.=--Rich NNP 20467 2847 5 woods wood NNS 20467 2847 6 and and CC 20467 2847 7 cool cool JJ 20467 2847 8 , , , 20467 2847 9 rocky rocky JJ 20467 2847 10 slopes slope NNS 20467 2847 11 . . . 20467 2848 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2848 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2848 3 and and CC 20467 2848 4 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 2848 5 , , , 20467 2848 6 westward westward RB 20467 2848 7 to to IN 20467 2848 8 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2848 9 of of IN 20467 2848 10 the the DT 20467 2848 11 Woods Woods NNP 20467 2848 12 . . . 20467 2849 1 New New NNP 20467 2849 2 England,--abundant England,--abundant NNP 20467 2849 3 , , , 20467 2849 4 distributed distribute VBN 20467 2849 5 throughout throughout IN 20467 2849 6 the the DT 20467 2849 7 woods wood NNS 20467 2849 8 , , , 20467 2849 9 often often RB 20467 2849 10 forming form VBG 20467 2849 11 in in IN 20467 2849 12 the the DT 20467 2849 13 northern northern JJ 20467 2849 14 portions portion NNS 20467 2849 15 extensive extensive JJ 20467 2849 16 upland upland JJ 20467 2849 17 forests forest NNS 20467 2849 18 ; ; : 20467 2849 19 attaining attain VBG 20467 2849 20 great great JJ 20467 2849 21 size size NN 20467 2849 22 in in IN 20467 2849 23 the the DT 20467 2849 24 mountainous mountainous JJ 20467 2849 25 portions portion NNS 20467 2849 26 of of IN 20467 2849 27 New New NNP 20467 2849 28 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 2849 29 and and CC 20467 2849 30 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 2849 31 , , , 20467 2849 32 and and CC 20467 2849 33 in in IN 20467 2849 34 the the DT 20467 2849 35 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2849 36 river river NNP 20467 2849 37 valley valley NNP 20467 2849 38 ; ; : 20467 2849 39 less less RBR 20467 2849 40 frequent frequent JJ 20467 2849 41 toward toward IN 20467 2849 42 the the DT 20467 2849 43 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2849 44 . . . 20467 2850 1 South south RB 20467 2850 2 to to IN 20467 2850 3 the the DT 20467 2850 4 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 2850 5 states state NNS 20467 2850 6 ; ; : 20467 2850 7 west west NN 20467 2850 8 to to IN 20467 2850 9 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2850 10 , , , 20467 2850 11 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2850 12 , , , 20467 2850 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2850 14 , , , 20467 2850 15 and and CC 20467 2850 16 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2850 17 . . . 20467 2851 1 = = NFP 20467 2851 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2851 3 noble noble JJ 20467 2851 4 tree tree NN 20467 2851 5 , , , 20467 2851 6 50 50 CD 20467 2851 7 - - SYM 20467 2851 8 90 90 CD 20467 2851 9 feet foot NNS 20467 2851 10 in in IN 20467 2851 11 height height NN 20467 2851 12 ; ; : 20467 2851 13 trunk trunk NN 20467 2851 14 2 2 CD 20467 2851 15 - - SYM 20467 2851 16 5 5 CD 20467 2851 17 feet foot NNS 20467 2851 18 in in IN 20467 2851 19 diameter diameter NN 20467 2851 20 , , , 20467 2851 21 stout stout RB 20467 2851 22 , , , 20467 2851 23 erect erect NN 20467 2851 24 , , , 20467 2851 25 throwing throw VBG 20467 2851 26 out out RP 20467 2851 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2851 28 primary primary JJ 20467 2851 29 branches branch NNS 20467 2851 30 at at IN 20467 2851 31 acute acute JJ 20467 2851 32 angles angle NNS 20467 2851 33 ; ; : 20467 2851 34 secondary secondary JJ 20467 2851 35 branches branch NNS 20467 2851 36 straight straight RB 20467 2851 37 , , , 20467 2851 38 slender slender NN 20467 2851 39 , , , 20467 2851 40 nearly nearly RB 20467 2851 41 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2851 42 or or CC 20467 2851 43 declining decline VBG 20467 2851 44 at at IN 20467 2851 45 the the DT 20467 2851 46 base base NN 20467 2851 47 , , , 20467 2851 48 leaving leave VBG 20467 2851 49 the the DT 20467 2851 50 stem stem NN 20467 2851 51 higher higher RBR 20467 2851 52 up up RB 20467 2851 53 at at IN 20467 2851 54 sharper sharp JJR 20467 2851 55 and and CC 20467 2851 56 sharper sharp JJR 20467 2851 57 angles angle NNS 20467 2851 58 , , , 20467 2851 59 repeatedly repeatedly RB 20467 2851 60 subdividing subdivide VBG 20467 2851 61 , , , 20467 2851 62 forming form VBG 20467 2851 63 a a DT 20467 2851 64 dense dense JJ 20467 2851 65 and and CC 20467 2851 66 rather rather RB 20467 2851 67 stiff stiff JJ 20467 2851 68 spray spray NN 20467 2851 69 of of IN 20467 2851 70 nearly nearly RB 20467 2851 71 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2851 72 length length NN 20467 2851 73 ; ; : 20467 2851 74 head head VB 20467 2851 75 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2851 76 , , , 20467 2851 77 varying vary VBG 20467 2851 78 greatly greatly RB 20467 2851 79 in in IN 20467 2851 80 shape shape NN 20467 2851 81 ; ; , 20467 2851 82 in in IN 20467 2851 83 young young JJ 20467 2851 84 trees tree NNS 20467 2851 85 often often RB 20467 2851 86 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 2851 87 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 2851 88 , , , 20467 2851 89 becoming become VBG 20467 2851 90 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 20467 2851 91 or or CC 20467 2851 92 broadly broadly RB 20467 2851 93 egg egg NN 20467 2851 94 - - HYPH 20467 2851 95 shaped shape VBN 20467 2851 96 with with IN 20467 2851 97 age age NN 20467 2851 98 ; ; : 20467 2851 99 clothed clothe VBN 20467 2851 100 with with IN 20467 2851 101 dense dense JJ 20467 2851 102 masses masse NNS 20467 2851 103 of of IN 20467 2851 104 foliage foliage NN 20467 2851 105 , , , 20467 2851 106 purple purple NN 20467 2851 107 - - HYPH 20467 2851 108 tinged tinged JJ 20467 2851 109 in in IN 20467 2851 110 spring spring NN 20467 2851 111 , , , 20467 2851 112 light light NN 20467 2851 113 green green NN 20467 2851 114 in in IN 20467 2851 115 summer summer NN 20467 2851 116 , , , 20467 2851 117 and and CC 20467 2851 118 gorgeous gorgeous JJ 20467 2851 119 beyond beyond IN 20467 2851 120 all all DT 20467 2851 121 other other JJ 20467 2851 122 trees tree NNS 20467 2851 123 of of IN 20467 2851 124 the the DT 20467 2851 125 forest forest NN 20467 2851 126 , , , 20467 2851 127 with with IN 20467 2851 128 the the DT 20467 2851 129 possible possible JJ 20467 2851 130 exception exception NN 20467 2851 131 of of IN 20467 2851 132 the the DT 20467 2851 133 red red NNP 20467 2851 134 maple maple NNP 20467 2851 135 , , , 20467 2851 136 in in IN 20467 2851 137 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2851 138 autumnal autumnal JJ 20467 2851 139 oranges orange NNS 20467 2851 140 , , , 20467 2851 141 yellows yellow NNS 20467 2851 142 , , , 20467 2851 143 and and CC 20467 2851 144 reds red NNS 20467 2851 145 . . . 20467 2852 1 = = NFP 20467 2852 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2852 3 of of IN 20467 2852 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2852 5 and and CC 20467 2852 6 principal principal JJ 20467 2852 7 branches branch NNS 20467 2852 8 gray gray JJ 20467 2852 9 , , , 20467 2852 10 very very RB 20467 2852 11 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2852 12 , , , 20467 2852 13 close close JJ 20467 2852 14 and and CC 20467 2852 15 firm firm JJ 20467 2852 16 in in IN 20467 2852 17 young young JJ 20467 2852 18 trees tree NNS 20467 2852 19 , , , 20467 2852 20 in in IN 20467 2852 21 old old JJ 20467 2852 22 trees tree NNS 20467 2852 23 becoming become VBG 20467 2852 24 deeply deeply RB 20467 2852 25 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 2852 26 , , , 20467 2852 27 often often RB 20467 2852 28 cleaving cleave VBG 20467 2852 29 up up RP 20467 2852 30 at at IN 20467 2852 31 one one CD 20467 2852 32 edge edge NN 20467 2852 33 in in IN 20467 2852 34 long long JJ 20467 2852 35 , , , 20467 2852 36 thick thick JJ 20467 2852 37 , , , 20467 2852 38 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2852 39 plates plate NNS 20467 2852 40 ; ; : 20467 2852 41 season season NN 20467 2852 42 's 's POS 20467 2852 43 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2852 44 at at IN 20467 2852 45 length length NN 20467 2852 46 of of IN 20467 2852 47 a a DT 20467 2852 48 shining shine VBG 20467 2852 49 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2852 50 - - HYPH 20467 2852 51 brown brown NN 20467 2852 52 , , , 20467 2852 53 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2852 54 , , , 20467 2852 55 numerously numerously RB 20467 2852 56 pale pale JJ 20467 2852 57 - - HYPH 20467 2852 58 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2852 59 , , , 20467 2852 60 turning turn VBG 20467 2852 61 gray gray JJ 20467 2852 62 the the DT 20467 2852 63 third third JJ 20467 2852 64 year year NN 20467 2852 65 . . . 20467 2853 1 = = NFP 20467 2853 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2853 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2853 4 and and CC 20467 2853 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2853 6 sharp sharp RB 20467 2853 7 - - HYPH 20467 2853 8 pointed pointed JJ 20467 2853 9 , , , 20467 2853 10 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2853 11 - - HYPH 20467 2853 12 brown brown JJ 20467 2853 13 , , , 20467 2853 14 minutely minutely RB 20467 2853 15 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2853 16 , , , 20467 2853 17 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2853 18 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 2853 19 inch inch NN 20467 2853 20 long long JJ 20467 2853 21 , , , 20467 2853 22 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2853 23 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 2853 24 inch inch NN 20467 2853 25 , , , 20467 2853 26 appressed appresse VBN 20467 2853 27 , , , 20467 2853 28 the the DT 20467 2853 29 inner inner JJ 20467 2853 30 scales scale NNS 20467 2853 31 lengthening lengthen VBG 20467 2853 32 with with IN 20467 2853 33 the the DT 20467 2853 34 growth growth NN 20467 2853 35 of of IN 20467 2853 36 the the DT 20467 2853 37 shoot shoot NN 20467 2853 38 . . . 20467 2854 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2854 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2854 3 , , , 20467 2854 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2854 5 , , , 20467 2854 6 3 3 CD 20467 2854 7 - - SYM 20467 2854 8 5 5 CD 20467 2854 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2854 10 long long JJ 20467 2854 11 , , , 20467 2854 12 with with IN 20467 2854 13 a a DT 20467 2854 14 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2854 15 greater great JJR 20467 2854 16 breadth breadth NN 20467 2854 17 , , , 20467 2854 18 purplish purplish JJ 20467 2854 19 and and CC 20467 2854 20 more more RBR 20467 2854 21 or or CC 20467 2854 22 less less JJR 20467 2854 23 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2854 24 when when WRB 20467 2854 25 opening opening NN 20467 2854 26 , , , 20467 2854 27 at at IN 20467 2854 28 maturity maturity NN 20467 2854 29 dark dark NN 20467 2854 30 green green NN 20467 2854 31 above above RB 20467 2854 32 , , , 20467 2854 33 paler paler NN 20467 2854 34 , , , 20467 2854 35 with with IN 20467 2854 36 or or CC 20467 2854 37 without without IN 20467 2854 38 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 2854 39 beneath beneath RB 20467 2854 40 , , , 20467 2854 41 changing change VBG 20467 2854 42 to to IN 20467 2854 43 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 2854 44 reds red NNS 20467 2854 45 and and CC 20467 2854 46 yellows yellow NNS 20467 2854 47 in in IN 20467 2854 48 autumn autumn NN 20467 2854 49 ; ; : 20467 2854 50 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2854 51 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2854 52 3 3 CD 20467 2854 53 , , , 20467 2854 54 usually usually RB 20467 2854 55 5 5 CD 20467 2854 56 , , , 20467 2854 57 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2854 58 , , , 20467 2854 59 sparingly sparingly RB 20467 2854 60 sinuate sinuate NN 20467 2854 61 - - HYPH 20467 2854 62 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2854 63 , , , 20467 2854 64 with with IN 20467 2854 65 shallow shallow JJ 20467 2854 66 , , , 20467 2854 67 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2854 68 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 2854 69 ; ; : 20467 2854 70 base base NN 20467 2854 71 subcordate subcordate NNP 20467 2854 72 , , , 20467 2854 73 truncate truncate JJ 20467 2854 74 , , , 20467 2854 75 or or CC 20467 2854 76 wedge wedge NN 20467 2854 77 - - HYPH 20467 2854 78 shaped shape VBN 20467 2854 79 ; ; : 20467 2854 80 veins vein NNS 20467 2854 81 and and CC 20467 2854 82 veinlets veinlet NNS 20467 2854 83 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2854 84 beneath beneath IN 20467 2854 85 ; ; : 20467 2854 86 leafstalks leafstalks NNP 20467 2854 87 long long RB 20467 2854 88 , , , 20467 2854 89 slender slender NN 20467 2854 90 . . . 20467 2855 1 = = NFP 20467 2855 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 2855 3 1 1 CD 20467 2855 4 - - SYM 20467 2855 5 15 15 CD 20467 2855 6 . . . 20467 2856 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2856 2 with with IN 20467 2856 3 the the DT 20467 2856 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 2856 5 in in IN 20467 2856 6 nearly nearly RB 20467 2856 7 sessile sessile NN 20467 2856 8 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2856 9 , , , 20467 2856 10 from from IN 20467 2856 11 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2856 12 and and CC 20467 2856 13 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2856 14 buds bud NNS 20467 2856 15 ; ; : 20467 2856 16 flowers flower NNS 20467 2856 17 greenish greenish NN 20467 2856 18 - - HYPH 20467 2856 19 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2856 20 , , , 20467 2856 21 pendent pendent NN 20467 2856 22 on on IN 20467 2856 23 long long JJ 20467 2856 24 thread thread NN 20467 2856 25 - - HYPH 20467 2856 26 like like JJ 20467 2856 27 , , , 20467 2856 28 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2856 29 stems stem NNS 20467 2856 30 ; ; : 20467 2856 31 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2856 32 and and CC 20467 2856 33 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2856 34 on on IN 20467 2856 35 the the DT 20467 2856 36 same same JJ 20467 2856 37 or or CC 20467 2856 38 on on IN 20467 2856 39 different different JJ 20467 2856 40 trees tree NNS 20467 2856 41 , , , 20467 2856 42 usually usually RB 20467 2856 43 in in IN 20467 2856 44 separate separate JJ 20467 2856 45 , , , 20467 2856 46 but but CC 20467 2856 47 not not RB 20467 2856 48 infrequently infrequently RB 20467 2856 49 in in IN 20467 2856 50 the the DT 20467 2856 51 same same JJ 20467 2856 52 cluster cluster NN 20467 2856 53 ; ; : 20467 2856 54 the the DT 20467 2856 55 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2856 56 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2856 57 cylindrical cylindrical NNP 20467 2856 58 or or CC 20467 2856 59 bell bell NN 20467 2856 60 - - HYPH 20467 2856 61 shaped shape VBN 20467 2856 62 , , , 20467 2856 63 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2856 64 ; ; : 20467 2856 65 petals petal NNS 20467 2856 66 none none NN 20467 2856 67 ; ; : 20467 2856 68 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2856 69 6 6 CD 20467 2856 70 - - SYM 20467 2856 71 8 8 CD 20467 2856 72 , , , 20467 2856 73 in in IN 20467 2856 74 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2856 75 flowers flower NNS 20467 2856 76 much much RB 20467 2856 77 longer long RBR 20467 2856 78 than than IN 20467 2856 79 the the DT 20467 2856 80 calyx calyx NN 20467 2856 81 , , , 20467 2856 82 in in IN 20467 2856 83 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2856 84 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2856 85 exserted exserted JJ 20467 2856 86 ; ; : 20467 2856 87 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2856 88 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2856 89 , , , 20467 2856 90 abortive abortive JJ 20467 2856 91 in in IN 20467 2856 92 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2856 93 flowers flower NNS 20467 2856 94 , , , 20467 2856 95 in in IN 20467 2856 96 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2856 97 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 2856 98 by by IN 20467 2856 99 a a DT 20467 2856 100 single single JJ 20467 2856 101 style style NN 20467 2856 102 with with IN 20467 2856 103 two two CD 20467 2856 104 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2856 105 , , , 20467 2856 106 thread thread NN 20467 2856 107 - - HYPH 20467 2856 108 like like JJ 20467 2856 109 , , , 20467 2856 110 stigmatic stigmatic JJ 20467 2856 111 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2856 112 . . . 20467 2857 1 = = NFP 20467 2857 2 Fruit.=--Keys fruit.=--key NNS 20467 2857 3 usually usually RB 20467 2857 4 an an DT 20467 2857 5 inch inch NN 20467 2857 6 or or CC 20467 2857 7 more more JJR 20467 2857 8 in in IN 20467 2857 9 length length NN 20467 2857 10 , , , 20467 2857 11 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2857 12 , , , 20467 2857 13 wings wing NNS 20467 2857 14 broad broad JJ 20467 2857 15 , , , 20467 2857 16 mostly mostly RB 20467 2857 17 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2857 18 , , , 20467 2857 19 falling fall VBG 20467 2857 20 late late RB 20467 2857 21 in in IN 20467 2857 22 autumn autumn NN 20467 2857 23 . . . 20467 2858 1 = = NFP 20467 2858 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2858 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2858 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2858 5 New New NNP 20467 2858 6 England England NNP 20467 2858 7 . . . 20467 2859 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2859 2 long long JJ 20467 2859 3 life life NN 20467 2859 4 , , , 20467 2859 5 noble noble JJ 20467 2859 6 proportions proportion NNS 20467 2859 7 , , , 20467 2859 8 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 2859 9 foliage foliage NN 20467 2859 10 , , , 20467 2859 11 dense dense JJ 20467 2859 12 shade shade NN 20467 2859 13 , , , 20467 2859 14 moderately moderately RB 20467 2859 15 rapid rapid JJ 20467 2859 16 growth growth NN 20467 2859 17 , , , 20467 2859 18 usual usual JJ 20467 2859 19 freedom freedom NN 20467 2859 20 from from IN 20467 2859 21 disease disease NN 20467 2859 22 or or CC 20467 2859 23 insect insect JJ 20467 2859 24 disfigurement disfigurement NN 20467 2859 25 , , , 20467 2859 26 and and CC 20467 2859 27 adaptability adaptability NN 20467 2859 28 to to IN 20467 2859 29 almost almost RB 20467 2859 30 any any DT 20467 2859 31 soil soil NN 20467 2859 32 not not RB 20467 2859 33 saturated saturate VBN 20467 2859 34 with with IN 20467 2859 35 water water NN 20467 2859 36 make make VB 20467 2859 37 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2859 38 a a DT 20467 2859 39 favorite favorite JJ 20467 2859 40 in in IN 20467 2859 41 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2859 42 ; ; : 20467 2859 43 readily readily RB 20467 2859 44 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2859 45 in in IN 20467 2859 46 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2859 47 , , , 20467 2859 48 transplants transplant NNS 20467 2859 49 easily easily RB 20467 2859 50 , , , 20467 2859 51 recovers recover NNS 20467 2859 52 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2859 53 vigor vigor NN 20467 2859 54 quickly quickly RB 20467 2859 55 , , , 20467 2859 56 and and CC 20467 2859 57 has have VBZ 20467 2859 58 a a DT 20467 2859 59 nearly nearly RB 20467 2859 60 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2859 61 habit habit NN 20467 2859 62 of of IN 20467 2859 63 growth growth NN 20467 2859 64 . . . 20467 2860 1 = = NFP 20467 2860 2 Note.=--Not note.=--not UH 20467 2860 3 liable liable JJ 20467 2860 4 to to TO 20467 2860 5 be be VB 20467 2860 6 taken take VBN 20467 2860 7 for for IN 20467 2860 8 any any DT 20467 2860 9 other other JJ 20467 2860 10 native native JJ 20467 2860 11 maple maple NN 20467 2860 12 , , , 20467 2860 13 but but CC 20467 2860 14 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2860 15 confounded confound VBD 20467 2860 16 with with IN 20467 2860 17 the the DT 20467 2860 18 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 2860 19 Norway Norway NNP 20467 2860 20 maple maple NN 20467 2860 21 , , , 20467 2860 22 _ _ NNP 20467 2860 23 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2860 24 platanoides platanoide VBZ 20467 2860 25 _ _ NNP 20467 2860 26 , , , 20467 2860 27 from from IN 20467 2860 28 which which WDT 20467 2860 29 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2860 30 is be VBZ 20467 2860 31 easily easily RB 20467 2860 32 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2860 33 by by IN 20467 2860 34 the the DT 20467 2860 35 milky milky NNP 20467 2860 36 juice juice NN 20467 2860 37 which which WDT 20467 2860 38 exudes exude VBZ 20467 2860 39 from from IN 20467 2860 40 the the DT 20467 2860 41 broken broken JJ 20467 2860 42 petiole petiole NN 20467 2860 43 of of IN 20467 2860 44 the the DT 20467 2860 45 latter latter JJ 20467 2860 46 . . . 20467 2861 1 The the DT 20467 2861 2 leaves leave NNS 20467 2861 3 of of IN 20467 2861 4 the the DT 20467 2861 5 Norway Norway NNP 20467 2861 6 maple maple NN 20467 2861 7 are be VBP 20467 2861 8 thinner thin JJR 20467 2861 9 , , , 20467 2861 10 bright bright JJ 20467 2861 11 green green JJ 20467 2861 12 and and CC 20467 2861 13 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2861 14 beneath beneath IN 20467 2861 15 , , , 20467 2861 16 and and CC 20467 2861 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2861 18 keys key NNS 20467 2861 19 diverge diverge VBP 20467 2861 20 in in IN 20467 2861 21 a a DT 20467 2861 22 straight straight JJ 20467 2861 23 line line NN 20467 2861 24 . . . 20467 2862 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2862 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2862 3 : : : 20467 2862 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2862 5 LXXIII.--Acer LXXIII.--Acer NNP 20467 2862 6 saccharum saccharum NN 20467 2862 7 . . . 20467 2862 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2863 1 1 1 LS 20467 2863 2 . . . 20467 2864 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2864 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2864 3 . . . 20467 2865 1 2 2 LS 20467 2865 2 . . . 20467 2866 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2866 2 branch branch NN 20467 2866 3 . . . 20467 2867 1 3 3 LS 20467 2867 2 . . . 20467 2868 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2868 2 flower flower NN 20467 2868 3 . . . 20467 2869 1 4 4 LS 20467 2869 2 . . . 20467 2870 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2870 2 flower flower NN 20467 2870 3 , , , 20467 2870 4 part part NN 20467 2870 5 of of IN 20467 2870 6 perianth perianth NN 20467 2870 7 and and CC 20467 2870 8 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2870 9 removed remove VBN 20467 2870 10 . . . 20467 2871 1 5 5 CD 20467 2871 2 . . . 20467 2872 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2872 2 branch branch NN 20467 2872 3 . . . 20467 2873 1 = = NFP 20467 2873 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2873 3 saccharum saccharum NN 20467 2873 4 , , , 20467 2873 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 2873 6 . . . 20467 2873 7 , , , 20467 2873 8 var var NN 20467 2873 9 . . . 20467 2874 1 nigrum nigrum NNP 20467 2874 2 , , , 20467 2874 3 Britton.= Britton.= NNP 20467 2874 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2874 5 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2874 6 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 2874 7 , , , 20467 2874 8 Michx Michx NNP 20467 2874 9 . . . 20467 2875 1 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2875 2 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 2875 3 , , , 20467 2875 4 _ _ NNP 20467 2875 5 var var NN 20467 2875 6 . . . 20467 2876 1 _ _ NNP 20467 2876 2 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 2876 3 , , , 20467 2876 4 T. T. NNP 20467 2876 5 & & CC 20467 2876 6 G. G. NNP 20467 2876 7 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2876 8 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 2876 9 , , , 20467 2876 10 _ _ NNP 20467 2876 11 var var NN 20467 2876 12 . . . 20467 2877 1 _ _ NNP 20467 2877 2 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 2877 3 , , , 20467 2877 4 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 2877 5 . . . 20467 2877 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2877 7 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 2877 8 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2877 9 . . . 20467 2878 1 = = NFP 20467 2878 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2878 3 and and CC 20467 2878 4 Range.=--Low range.=--low NN 20467 2878 5 , , , 20467 2878 6 damp damp JJ 20467 2878 7 ground ground NN 20467 2878 8 on on IN 20467 2878 9 which which WDT 20467 2878 10 , , , 20467 2878 11 in in IN 20467 2878 12 New New NNP 20467 2878 13 England England NNP 20467 2878 14 at at IN 20467 2878 15 least least JJS 20467 2878 16 , , , 20467 2878 17 the the DT 20467 2878 18 sugar sugar NN 20467 2878 19 maple maple NNP 20467 2878 20 is be VBZ 20467 2878 21 rarely rarely RB 20467 2878 22 if if IN 20467 2878 23 ever ever RB 20467 2878 24 seen see VBN 20467 2878 25 , , , 20467 2878 26 or or CC 20467 2878 27 upon upon IN 20467 2878 28 moist moist JJ 20467 2878 29 , , , 20467 2878 30 rocky rocky JJ 20467 2878 31 slopes slope NNS 20467 2878 32 . . . 20467 2879 1 Apparently apparently RB 20467 2879 2 a a DT 20467 2879 3 common common JJ 20467 2879 4 tree tree NN 20467 2879 5 from from IN 20467 2879 6 Ottawa Ottawa NNP 20467 2879 7 westward westward NN 20467 2879 8 throughout throughout IN 20467 2879 9 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2879 10 . . . 20467 2880 1 The the DT 20467 2880 2 New New NNP 20467 2880 3 England England NNP 20467 2880 4 specimens specimen NNS 20467 2880 5 , , , 20467 2880 6 with with IN 20467 2880 7 the the DT 20467 2880 8 exception exception NN 20467 2880 9 of of IN 20467 2880 10 those those DT 20467 2880 11 from from IN 20467 2880 12 the the DT 20467 2880 13 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 2880 14 valley valley NN 20467 2880 15 , , , 20467 2880 16 appear appear VB 20467 2880 17 to to TO 20467 2880 18 be be VB 20467 2880 19 dubious dubious JJ 20467 2880 20 intermediates intermediate NNS 20467 2880 21 between between IN 20467 2880 22 the the DT 20467 2880 23 type type NN 20467 2880 24 and and CC 20467 2880 25 the the DT 20467 2880 26 variety variety NN 20467 2880 27 . . . 20467 2881 1 Maine,--the maine,--the DT 20467 2881 2 Rangeley Rangeley NNP 20467 2881 3 lake lake NN 20467 2881 4 region region NN 20467 2881 5 ; ; : 20467 2881 6 New new JJ 20467 2881 7 Hampshire,--occasional hampshire,--occasional JJ 20467 2881 8 near near IN 20467 2881 9 the the DT 20467 2881 10 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2881 11 river river NN 20467 2881 12 ; ; : 20467 2881 13 Vermont,--frequent Vermont,--frequent NNP 20467 2881 14 in in IN 20467 2881 15 the the DT 20467 2881 16 western western JJ 20467 2881 17 part part NN 20467 2881 18 in in IN 20467 2881 19 the the DT 20467 2881 20 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 2881 21 valley valley NN 20467 2881 22 , , , 20467 2881 23 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2881 24 in in IN 20467 2881 25 all all DT 20467 2881 26 other other JJ 20467 2881 27 sections section NNS 20467 2881 28 , , , 20467 2881 29 especially especially RB 20467 2881 30 in in IN 20467 2881 31 the the DT 20467 2881 32 vicinity vicinity NN 20467 2881 33 of of IN 20467 2881 34 the the DT 20467 2881 35 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2881 36 ; ; : 20467 2881 37 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 2881 38 in in IN 20467 2881 39 the the DT 20467 2881 40 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2881 41 river river NNP 20467 2881 42 valley valley NNP 20467 2881 43 and and CC 20467 2881 44 westward westward NNP 20467 2881 45 , , , 20467 2881 46 doubtfully doubtfully RB 20467 2881 47 reported report VBN 20467 2881 48 from from IN 20467 2881 49 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2881 50 sections section NNS 20467 2881 51 ; ; : 20467 2881 52 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 2881 53 Island,--doubtful Island,--doubtful NNP 20467 2881 54 , , , 20467 2881 55 resting rest VBG 20467 2881 56 on on IN 20467 2881 57 the the DT 20467 2881 58 authority authority NN 20467 2881 59 of of IN 20467 2881 60 Colonel Colonel NNP 20467 2881 61 Olney Olney NNP 20467 2881 62 's 's POS 20467 2881 63 list list NN 20467 2881 64 ; ; : 20467 2881 65 Connecticut,--doubtfully connecticut,--doubtfully RB 20467 2881 66 reported report VBN 20467 2881 67 . . . 20467 2882 1 South south RB 20467 2882 2 along along IN 20467 2882 3 the the DT 20467 2882 4 Alleghanies Alleghanies NNPS 20467 2882 5 to to IN 20467 2882 6 the the DT 20467 2882 7 Gulf Gulf NNP 20467 2882 8 states state NNS 20467 2882 9 ; ; : 20467 2882 10 west west RB 20467 2882 11 to to IN 20467 2882 12 the the DT 20467 2882 13 95th 95th JJ 20467 2882 14 meridian meridian NN 20467 2882 15 . . . 20467 2883 1 The the DT 20467 2883 2 extreme extreme JJ 20467 2883 3 forms form NNS 20467 2883 4 of of IN 20467 2883 5 _ _ NNP 20467 2883 6 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 2883 7 _ _ NNP 20467 2883 8 show show VBP 20467 2883 9 well well RB 20467 2883 10 - - HYPH 20467 2883 11 marked mark VBN 20467 2883 12 varietal varietal JJ 20467 2883 13 differences difference NNS 20467 2883 14 ; ; : 20467 2883 15 but but CC 20467 2883 16 there there EX 20467 2883 17 are be VBP 20467 2883 18 few few JJ 20467 2883 19 , , , 20467 2883 20 if if IN 20467 2883 21 any any DT 20467 2883 22 , , , 20467 2883 23 constant constant JJ 20467 2883 24 characters character NNS 20467 2883 25 . . . 20467 2884 1 Further further JJ 20467 2884 2 research research NN 20467 2884 3 in in IN 20467 2884 4 the the DT 20467 2884 5 field field NN 20467 2884 6 is be VBZ 20467 2884 7 necessary necessary JJ 20467 2884 8 to to TO 20467 2884 9 determine determine VB 20467 2884 10 the the DT 20467 2884 11 status status NN 20467 2884 12 of of IN 20467 2884 13 these these DT 20467 2884 14 interesting interesting JJ 20467 2884 15 plants plant NNS 20467 2884 16 . . . 20467 2885 1 = = NFP 20467 2885 2 Habit.=--The habit.=--the CD 20467 2885 3 black black JJ 20467 2885 4 maple maple NN 20467 2885 5 is be VBZ 20467 2885 6 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2885 7 smaller small JJR 20467 2885 8 than than IN 20467 2885 9 the the DT 20467 2885 10 sugar sugar NN 20467 2885 11 maple maple NNP 20467 2885 12 , , , 20467 2885 13 the the DT 20467 2885 14 bark bark NN 20467 2885 15 is be VBZ 20467 2885 16 darker dark JJR 20467 2885 17 and and CC 20467 2885 18 the the DT 20467 2885 19 foliage foliage NN 20467 2885 20 more more RBR 20467 2885 21 sombre sombre JJ 20467 2885 22 . . . 20467 2886 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 2886 2 generally generally RB 20467 2886 3 has have VBZ 20467 2886 4 a a DT 20467 2886 5 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2886 6 outline outline NN 20467 2886 7 , , , 20467 2886 8 which which WDT 20467 2886 9 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2886 10 retains retain VBZ 20467 2886 11 to to IN 20467 2886 12 old old JJ 20467 2886 13 age age NN 20467 2886 14 . . . 20467 2887 1 = = NFP 20467 2887 2 Leaves.=--The Leaves.=--The NNP 20467 2887 3 fully fully RB 20467 2887 4 grown grow VBN 20467 2887 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 2887 6 are be VBP 20467 2887 7 often often RB 20467 2887 8 larger large JJR 20467 2887 9 than than IN 20467 2887 10 those those DT 20467 2887 11 of of IN 20467 2887 12 the the DT 20467 2887 13 type type NN 20467 2887 14 , , , 20467 2887 15 darker darker RB 20467 2887 16 green green JJ 20467 2887 17 above above RB 20467 2887 18 , , , 20467 2887 19 edges edge VBZ 20467 2887 20 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2887 21 drooping droop VBG 20467 2887 22 , , , 20467 2887 23 width width NN 20467 2887 24 equal equal JJ 20467 2887 25 to to IN 20467 2887 26 or or CC 20467 2887 27 exceeding exceed VBG 20467 2887 28 the the DT 20467 2887 29 length length NN 20467 2887 30 , , , 20467 2887 31 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2887 32 , , , 20467 2887 33 margin margin NN 20467 2887 34 blunt blunt JJ 20467 2887 35 - - HYPH 20467 2887 36 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2887 37 , , , 20467 2887 38 wavy wavy NNP 20467 2887 39 - - HYPH 20467 2887 40 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2887 41 , , , 20467 2887 42 or or CC 20467 2887 43 entire entire JJ 20467 2887 44 , , , 20467 2887 45 the the DT 20467 2887 46 two two CD 20467 2887 47 lower low JJR 20467 2887 48 lobes lob VBZ 20467 2887 49 small small JJ 20467 2887 50 , , , 20467 2887 51 often often RB 20467 2887 52 reduced reduce VBN 20467 2887 53 to to IN 20467 2887 54 a a DT 20467 2887 55 curve curve NN 20467 2887 56 in in IN 20467 2887 57 the the DT 20467 2887 58 outline outline NN 20467 2887 59 , , , 20467 2887 60 broad broad JJ 20467 2887 61 at at IN 20467 2887 62 the the DT 20467 2887 63 base base NN 20467 2887 64 , , , 20467 2887 65 which which WDT 20467 2887 66 is be VBZ 20467 2887 67 usually usually RB 20467 2887 68 heart heart NN 20467 2887 69 - - HYPH 20467 2887 70 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2887 71 ; ; : 20467 2887 72 texture texture NN 20467 2887 73 firm firm NN 20467 2887 74 ; ; : 20467 2887 75 the the DT 20467 2887 76 lengthening lengthening NN 20467 2887 77 scales scale NNS 20467 2887 78 of of IN 20467 2887 79 the the DT 20467 2887 80 opening opening NN 20467 2887 81 leaves leave NNS 20467 2887 82 , , , 20467 2887 83 the the DT 20467 2887 84 young young JJ 20467 2887 85 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2887 86 , , , 20467 2887 87 the the DT 20467 2887 88 petioles petiole NNS 20467 2887 89 , , , 20467 2887 90 and and CC 20467 2887 91 the the DT 20467 2887 92 leaves leave NNS 20467 2887 93 themselves -PRON- PRP 20467 2887 94 are be VBP 20467 2887 95 covered cover VBN 20467 2887 96 with with IN 20467 2887 97 a a DT 20467 2887 98 downy downy NN 20467 2887 99 to to IN 20467 2887 100 a a DT 20467 2887 101 densely densely RB 20467 2887 102 woolly woolly JJ 20467 2887 103 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 2887 104 . . . 20467 2888 1 As as IN 20467 2888 2 the the DT 20467 2888 3 parts part NNS 20467 2888 4 mature mature VBP 20467 2888 5 , , , 20467 2888 6 the the DT 20467 2888 7 woolliness woolliness NN 20467 2888 8 usually usually RB 20467 2888 9 disappears disappear VBZ 20467 2888 10 , , , 20467 2888 11 except except IN 20467 2888 12 along along IN 20467 2888 13 the the DT 20467 2888 14 midrib midrib NN 20467 2888 15 and and CC 20467 2888 16 principal principal JJ 20467 2888 17 veins vein NNS 20467 2888 18 , , , 20467 2888 19 which which WDT 20467 2888 20 become become VBP 20467 2888 21 almost almost RB 20467 2888 22 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2888 23 . . . 20467 2889 1 = = NFP 20467 2889 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2889 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2889 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2889 5 New New NNP 20467 2889 6 England England NNP 20467 2889 7 , , , 20467 2889 8 preferring prefer VBG 20467 2889 9 a a DT 20467 2889 10 moist moist NN 20467 2889 11 , , , 20467 2889 12 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2889 13 , , , 20467 2889 14 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 2889 15 loam loam NN 20467 2889 16 ; ; , 20467 2889 17 young young JJ 20467 2889 18 trees tree NNS 20467 2889 19 are be VBP 20467 2889 20 rather rather RB 20467 2889 21 more more RBR 20467 2889 22 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 2889 23 than than IN 20467 2889 24 those those DT 20467 2889 25 of of IN 20467 2889 26 the the DT 20467 2889 27 sugar sugar NN 20467 2889 28 maple maple NN 20467 2889 29 , , , 20467 2889 30 and and CC 20467 2889 31 easily easily RB 20467 2889 32 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 2889 33 . . . 20467 2890 1 Difficult difficult JJ 20467 2890 2 to to TO 20467 2890 3 secure secure VB 20467 2890 4 , , , 20467 2890 5 for for IN 20467 2890 6 it -PRON- PRP 20467 2890 7 is be VBZ 20467 2890 8 seldom seldom RB 20467 2890 9 offered offer VBN 20467 2890 10 for for IN 20467 2890 11 sale sale NN 20467 2890 12 or or CC 20467 2890 13 recognized recognize VBN 20467 2890 14 by by IN 20467 2890 15 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2890 16 , , , 20467 2890 17 although although IN 20467 2890 18 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2890 19 found find VBN 20467 2890 20 mixed mix VBN 20467 2890 21 with with IN 20467 2890 22 the the DT 20467 2890 23 sugar sugar NN 20467 2890 24 maple maple NN 20467 2890 25 in in IN 20467 2890 26 nursery nursery NN 20467 2890 27 rows row NNS 20467 2890 28 . . . 20467 2891 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2891 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2891 3 : : : 20467 2891 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2891 5 LXXIV.--Acer lxxiv.--acer NN 20467 2891 6 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 2891 7 , , , 20467 2891 8 var var NN 20467 2891 9 . . . 20467 2892 1 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 2892 2 . . . 20467 2892 3 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2893 1 1 1 LS 20467 2893 2 . . . 20467 2894 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2894 2 branch branch NN 20467 2894 3 . . . 20467 2895 1 = = NFP 20467 2895 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2895 3 spicatum spicatum NN 20467 2895 4 , , , 20467 2895 5 Lam.= Lam.= NNP 20467 2895 6 MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN NNP 20467 2895 7 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2895 8 . . . 20467 2896 1 = = NFP 20467 2896 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2896 3 and and CC 20467 2896 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2896 5 damp damp JJ 20467 2896 6 forests forest NNS 20467 2896 7 , , , 20467 2896 8 rocky rocky NNP 20467 2896 9 highland highland NNP 20467 2896 10 woods woods NNP 20467 2896 11 , , , 20467 2896 12 along along IN 20467 2896 13 the the DT 20467 2896 14 sides side NNS 20467 2896 15 of of IN 20467 2896 16 mountain mountain NN 20467 2896 17 brooks brook NNS 20467 2896 18 at at IN 20467 2896 19 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 2896 20 of of IN 20467 2896 21 500 500 CD 20467 2896 22 - - SYM 20467 2896 23 1000 1000 CD 20467 2896 24 feet foot NNS 20467 2896 25 . . . 20467 2897 1 From from IN 20467 2897 2 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2897 3 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2897 4 and and CC 20467 2897 5 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 2897 6 to to IN 20467 2897 7 Saskatchewan Saskatchewan NNP 20467 2897 8 . . . 20467 2898 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 2898 2 , , , 20467 2898 3 especially especially RB 20467 2898 4 northward northward RB 20467 2898 5 in in IN 20467 2898 6 the the DT 20467 2898 7 forests forest NNS 20467 2898 8 ; ; : 20467 2898 9 New New NNP 20467 2898 10 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 2898 11 and and CC 20467 2898 12 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 2898 13 ; ; : 20467 2898 14 Massachusetts,--rather massachusetts,--rather RB 20467 2898 15 common common JJ 20467 2898 16 in in IN 20467 2898 17 western western JJ 20467 2898 18 and and CC 20467 2898 19 central central JJ 20467 2898 20 sections section NNS 20467 2898 21 , , , 20467 2898 22 occasional occasional JJ 20467 2898 23 eastward eastward RB 20467 2898 24 ; ; : 20467 2898 25 Rhode rhode VB 20467 2898 26 Island,--occasional island,--occasional IN 20467 2898 27 northward northward RB 20467 2898 28 ; ; : 20467 2898 29 Connecticut,--occasional Connecticut,--occasional NNP 20467 2898 30 in in IN 20467 2898 31 northern northern JJ 20467 2898 32 and and CC 20467 2898 33 central central JJ 20467 2898 34 sections section NNS 20467 2898 35 ; ; , 20467 2898 36 reported report VBD 20467 2898 37 as as IN 20467 2898 38 far far RB 20467 2898 39 south south RB 20467 2898 40 as as IN 20467 2898 41 North North NNP 20467 2898 42 Branford Branford NNP 20467 2898 43 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2898 44 New New NNP 20467 2898 45 Haven Haven NNP 20467 2898 46 county county NN 20467 2898 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2898 48 . . . 20467 2899 1 Along along IN 20467 2899 2 mountain mountain NN 20467 2899 3 ranges range NNS 20467 2899 4 to to IN 20467 2899 5 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2899 6 . . . 20467 2900 1 = = NFP 20467 2900 2 Habit.=--Mostly habit.=--mostly RB 20467 2900 3 a a DT 20467 2900 4 shrub shrub NN 20467 2900 5 , , , 20467 2900 6 but but CC 20467 2900 7 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2900 8 attaining attain VBG 20467 2900 9 a a DT 20467 2900 10 height height NN 20467 2900 11 of of IN 20467 2900 12 25 25 CD 20467 2900 13 feet foot NNS 20467 2900 14 , , , 20467 2900 15 with with IN 20467 2900 16 a a DT 20467 2900 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 2900 18 , , , 20467 2900 19 near near IN 20467 2900 20 the the DT 20467 2900 21 ground ground NN 20467 2900 22 , , , 20467 2900 23 of of IN 20467 2900 24 6 6 CD 20467 2900 25 - - HYPH 20467 2900 26 8 8 CD 20467 2900 27 inches inch NNS 20467 2900 28 ; ; , 20467 2900 29 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2900 30 by by IN 20467 2900 31 a a DT 20467 2900 32 short short JJ 20467 2900 33 , , , 20467 2900 34 straight straight JJ 20467 2900 35 trunk trunk NN 20467 2900 36 and and CC 20467 2900 37 slender slender NN 20467 2900 38 branches branch NNS 20467 2900 39 ; ; , 20467 2900 40 bright bright JJ 20467 2900 41 green green JJ 20467 2900 42 foliage foliage NN 20467 2900 43 turning turn VBG 20467 2900 44 a a DT 20467 2900 45 rich rich JJ 20467 2900 46 red red NN 20467 2900 47 in in IN 20467 2900 48 autumn autumn NN 20467 2900 49 , , , 20467 2900 50 and and CC 20467 2900 51 long long RB 20467 2900 52 - - HYPH 20467 2900 53 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2900 54 , , , 20467 2900 55 erect erect NN 20467 2900 56 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2900 57 of of IN 20467 2900 58 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2900 59 flowers flower NNS 20467 2900 60 , , , 20467 2900 61 drooping droop VBG 20467 2900 62 at at IN 20467 2900 63 length length NN 20467 2900 64 beneath beneath IN 20467 2900 65 the the DT 20467 2900 66 weight weight NN 20467 2900 67 of of IN 20467 2900 68 the the DT 20467 2900 69 maturing mature VBG 20467 2900 70 keys key NNS 20467 2900 71 . . . 20467 2901 1 = = NFP 20467 2901 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2901 3 of of IN 20467 2901 4 trunk trunk NNP 20467 2901 5 thin thin JJ 20467 2901 6 , , , 20467 2901 7 smoothish smoothish JJ 20467 2901 8 , , , 20467 2901 9 grayish grayish NN 20467 2901 10 - - HYPH 20467 2901 11 brown brown JJ 20467 2901 12 ; ; : 20467 2901 13 primary primary JJ 20467 2901 14 branches branch NNS 20467 2901 15 gray gray VBP 20467 2901 16 ; ; : 20467 2901 17 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2901 18 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2901 19 - - HYPH 20467 2901 20 brown brown NN 20467 2901 21 streaked streaked NN 20467 2901 22 with with IN 20467 2901 23 green green JJ 20467 2901 24 , , , 20467 2901 25 retaining retain VBG 20467 2901 26 in in IN 20467 2901 27 the the DT 20467 2901 28 second second JJ 20467 2901 29 year year NN 20467 2901 30 traces trace NNS 20467 2901 31 of of IN 20467 2901 32 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 2901 33 ; ; : 20467 2901 34 season season NN 20467 2901 35 's 's POS 20467 2901 36 shoots shoots NNP 20467 2901 37 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2901 38 - - HYPH 20467 2901 39 green green JJ 20467 2901 40 , , , 20467 2901 41 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2901 42 on on IN 20467 2901 43 the the DT 20467 2901 44 upper upper JJ 20467 2901 45 side side NN 20467 2901 46 when when WRB 20467 2901 47 exposed expose VBN 20467 2901 48 to to IN 20467 2901 49 the the DT 20467 2901 50 sun sun NN 20467 2901 51 , , , 20467 2901 52 minutely minutely RB 20467 2901 53 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2901 54 . . . 20467 2902 1 = = NFP 20467 2902 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2902 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2902 4 and and CC 20467 2902 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2902 6 small small JJ 20467 2902 7 , , , 20467 2902 8 flattish flattish JJ 20467 2902 9 , , , 20467 2902 10 acute acute JJ 20467 2902 11 , , , 20467 2902 12 slightly slightly RB 20467 2902 13 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2902 14 from from IN 20467 2902 15 the the DT 20467 2902 16 stem stem NN 20467 2902 17 . . . 20467 2903 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2903 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2903 3 , , , 20467 2903 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2903 5 , , , 20467 2903 6 4 4 CD 20467 2903 7 - - SYM 20467 2903 8 5 5 CD 20467 2903 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2903 10 long long JJ 20467 2903 11 , , , 20467 2903 12 two two CD 20467 2903 13 - - HYPH 20467 2903 14 thirds third NNS 20467 2903 15 as as IN 20467 2903 16 wide wide JJ 20467 2903 17 , , , 20467 2903 18 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2903 19 on on IN 20467 2903 20 both both DT 20467 2903 21 sides side NNS 20467 2903 22 when when WRB 20467 2903 23 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 2903 24 , , , 20467 2903 25 at at IN 20467 2903 26 length length NN 20467 2903 27 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2903 28 on on IN 20467 2903 29 the the DT 20467 2903 30 upper upper JJ 20467 2903 31 surface surface NN 20467 2903 32 , , , 20467 2903 33 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 2903 34 above above IN 20467 2903 35 the the DT 20467 2903 36 center center NN 20467 2903 37 , , , 20467 2903 38 often often RB 20467 2903 39 with with IN 20467 2903 40 two two CD 20467 2903 41 small small JJ 20467 2903 42 additional additional JJ 20467 2903 43 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2903 44 at at IN 20467 2903 45 the the DT 20467 2903 46 base base NN 20467 2903 47 , , , 20467 2903 48 coarsely coarsely RB 20467 2903 49 or or CC 20467 2903 50 finely finely RB 20467 2903 51 serrate serrate VB 20467 2903 52 , , , 20467 2903 53 lobes lob VBZ 20467 2903 54 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2903 55 ; ; : 20467 2903 56 base base NN 20467 2903 57 more more RBR 20467 2903 58 or or CC 20467 2903 59 less less JJR 20467 2903 60 heart heart NN 20467 2903 61 - - HYPH 20467 2903 62 shaped shape VBN 20467 2903 63 ; ; : 20467 2903 64 veining vein VBG 20467 2903 65 3 3 CD 20467 2903 66 - - SYM 20467 2903 67 5-nerved 5-nerved CD 20467 2903 68 , , , 20467 2903 69 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2903 70 , , , 20467 2903 71 especially especially RB 20467 2903 72 on on IN 20467 2903 73 the the DT 20467 2903 74 lower low JJR 20467 2903 75 side side NN 20467 2903 76 , , , 20467 2903 77 furrowed furrow VBN 20467 2903 78 above above RB 20467 2903 79 ; ; : 20467 2903 80 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2903 81 long long RB 20467 2903 82 , , , 20467 2903 83 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 2903 84 at at IN 20467 2903 85 the the DT 20467 2903 86 base base NN 20467 2903 87 . . . 20467 2904 1 = = NFP 20467 2904 2 Inflorescence.=--June Inflorescence.=--June NNP 20467 2904 3 . . . 20467 2905 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 2905 2 after after IN 20467 2905 3 the the DT 20467 2905 4 expansion expansion NN 20467 2905 5 of of IN 20467 2905 6 the the DT 20467 2905 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 2905 8 , , , 20467 2905 9 in in IN 20467 2905 10 long long RB 20467 2905 11 - - HYPH 20467 2905 12 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2905 13 , , , 20467 2905 14 terminal terminal JJ 20467 2905 15 , , , 20467 2905 16 more more RBR 20467 2905 17 or or CC 20467 2905 18 less less RBR 20467 2905 19 panicled panicle VBN 20467 2905 20 , , , 20467 2905 21 erect erect NN 20467 2905 22 or or CC 20467 2905 23 slightly slightly RB 20467 2905 24 drooping drooping JJ 20467 2905 25 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2905 26 ; ; : 20467 2905 27 flowers flower NNS 20467 2905 28 small small JJ 20467 2905 29 and and CC 20467 2905 30 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2905 31 , , , 20467 2905 32 both both DT 20467 2905 33 kinds kind NNS 20467 2905 34 in in IN 20467 2905 35 the the DT 20467 2905 36 same same JJ 20467 2905 37 raceme raceme NN 20467 2905 38 , , , 20467 2905 39 the the DT 20467 2905 40 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2905 41 near near IN 20467 2905 42 the the DT 20467 2905 43 base base NN 20467 2905 44 ; ; : 20467 2905 45 all all DT 20467 2905 46 upon upon IN 20467 2905 47 very very RB 20467 2905 48 slender slend JJR 20467 2905 49 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 2905 50 ; ; , 20467 2905 51 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2905 52 of of IN 20467 2905 53 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2905 54 5 5 CD 20467 2905 55 , , , 20467 2905 56 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2905 57 , , , 20467 2905 58 downy downy JJ 20467 2905 59 , , , 20467 2905 60 about about RB 20467 2905 61 half half NN 20467 2905 62 as as RB 20467 2905 63 long long RB 20467 2905 64 as as IN 20467 2905 65 the the DT 20467 2905 66 alternating alternate VBG 20467 2905 67 linear linear JJ 20467 2905 68 petals petal NNS 20467 2905 69 ; ; , 20467 2905 70 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2905 71 usually usually RB 20467 2905 72 8 8 CD 20467 2905 73 , , , 20467 2905 74 in in IN 20467 2905 75 the the DT 20467 2905 76 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2905 77 flower flower NN 20467 2905 78 nearly nearly RB 20467 2905 79 as as RB 20467 2905 80 long long RB 20467 2905 81 as as IN 20467 2905 82 the the DT 20467 2905 83 petals petal NNS 20467 2905 84 , , , 20467 2905 85 in in IN 20467 2905 86 the the DT 20467 2905 87 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2905 88 much much RB 20467 2905 89 shorter short JJR 20467 2905 90 ; ; , 20467 2905 91 pistil pistil JJ 20467 2905 92 rudimentary rudimentary NNP 20467 2905 93 , , , 20467 2905 94 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2905 95 in in IN 20467 2905 96 the the DT 20467 2905 97 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2905 98 flower flower NN 20467 2905 99 ; ; : 20467 2905 100 in in IN 20467 2905 101 the the DT 20467 2905 102 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2905 103 the the DT 20467 2905 104 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2905 105 is be VBZ 20467 2905 106 surmounted surmount VBN 20467 2905 107 by by IN 20467 2905 108 an an DT 20467 2905 109 erect erect NN 20467 2905 110 style style NN 20467 2905 111 with with IN 20467 2905 112 short short JJ 20467 2905 113 - - HYPH 20467 2905 114 lobed lobed JJ 20467 2905 115 stigma stigma NN 20467 2905 116 . . . 20467 2906 1 = = NFP 20467 2906 2 Fruit.=--In Fruit.=--In `` 20467 2906 3 long long JJ 20467 2906 4 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2906 5 , , , 20467 2906 6 drooping drooping NN 20467 2906 7 or or CC 20467 2906 8 pendent pendent NN 20467 2906 9 ; ; : 20467 2906 10 the the DT 20467 2906 11 keys key NNS 20467 2906 12 , , , 20467 2906 13 which which WDT 20467 2906 14 are be VBP 20467 2906 15 smaller small JJR 20467 2906 16 than than IN 20467 2906 17 those those DT 20467 2906 18 of of IN 20467 2906 19 any any DT 20467 2906 20 other other JJ 20467 2906 21 American american JJ 20467 2906 22 maple maple NN 20467 2906 23 , , , 20467 2906 24 set set VBN 20467 2906 25 on on IN 20467 2906 26 hair hair NN 20467 2906 27 - - HYPH 20467 2906 28 like like JJ 20467 2906 29 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 2906 30 , , , 20467 2906 31 and and CC 20467 2906 32 at at IN 20467 2906 33 a a DT 20467 2906 34 wide wide JJ 20467 2906 35 but but CC 20467 2906 36 not not RB 20467 2906 37 constant constant JJ 20467 2906 38 angle angle NN 20467 2906 39 ; ; : 20467 2906 40 at at IN 20467 2906 41 length length NN 20467 2906 42 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2906 43 , , , 20467 2906 44 with with IN 20467 2906 45 a a DT 20467 2906 46 small small JJ 20467 2906 47 cavity cavity NN 20467 2906 48 upon upon IN 20467 2906 49 one one CD 20467 2906 50 side side NN 20467 2906 51 . . . 20467 2907 1 = = NFP 20467 2907 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2907 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2907 4 in in IN 20467 2907 5 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 2907 6 throughout throughout IN 20467 2907 7 New New NNP 20467 2907 8 England England NNP 20467 2907 9 ; ; : 20467 2907 10 prefers prefer NNS 20467 2907 11 moist moist VBP 20467 2907 12 , , , 20467 2907 13 well well RB 20467 2907 14 - - HYPH 20467 2907 15 drained drain VBN 20467 2907 16 , , , 20467 2907 17 gravelly gravelly NNP 20467 2907 18 loam loam NN 20467 2907 19 in in IN 20467 2907 20 partial partial JJ 20467 2907 21 shade shade NN 20467 2907 22 , , , 20467 2907 23 but but CC 20467 2907 24 grows grow VBZ 20467 2907 25 well well RB 20467 2907 26 in in IN 20467 2907 27 any any DT 20467 2907 28 good good JJ 20467 2907 29 soil soil NN 20467 2907 30 ; ; : 20467 2907 31 easily easily RB 20467 2907 32 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 2907 33 , , , 20467 2907 34 but but CC 20467 2907 35 recovers recover NNS 20467 2907 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2907 37 vigor vigor NN 20467 2907 38 rather rather RB 20467 2907 39 slowly slowly RB 20467 2907 40 ; ; : 20467 2907 41 foliage foliage VB 20467 2907 42 free free JJ 20467 2907 43 from from IN 20467 2907 44 disease disease NN 20467 2907 45 . . . 20467 2908 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 2908 2 grown grow VBN 20467 2908 3 in in IN 20467 2908 4 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2908 5 , , , 20467 2908 6 but but CC 20467 2908 7 readily readily RB 20467 2908 8 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2908 9 from from IN 20467 2908 10 northern northern JJ 20467 2908 11 collectors collector NNS 20467 2908 12 of of IN 20467 2908 13 native native JJ 20467 2908 14 plants plant NNS 20467 2908 15 . . . 20467 2909 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2909 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2909 3 : : : 20467 2909 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2909 5 LXXV.--Acer lxxv.--acer NN 20467 2909 6 spicatum spicatum NN 20467 2909 7 . . . 20467 2909 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2910 1 1 1 LS 20467 2910 2 . . . 20467 2911 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2911 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2911 3 . . . 20467 2912 1 2 2 LS 20467 2912 2 . . . 20467 2913 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2913 2 branch branch NN 20467 2913 3 . . . 20467 2914 1 3 3 LS 20467 2914 2 . . . 20467 2915 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2915 2 flower flower NN 20467 2915 3 . . . 20467 2916 1 4 4 LS 20467 2916 2 . . . 20467 2917 1 Abortive abortive JJ 20467 2917 2 ovary ovary NN 20467 2917 3 in in IN 20467 2917 4 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2917 5 flower flower NN 20467 2917 6 . . . 20467 2918 1 5 5 CD 20467 2918 2 . . . 20467 2919 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2919 2 flower flower NN 20467 2919 3 with with IN 20467 2919 4 part part NN 20467 2919 5 of of IN 20467 2919 6 the the DT 20467 2919 7 perianth perianth NN 20467 2919 8 and and CC 20467 2919 9 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2919 10 removed remove VBN 20467 2919 11 . . . 20467 2920 1 6 6 CD 20467 2920 2 . . . 20467 2921 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2921 2 branch branch NN 20467 2921 3 . . . 20467 2922 1 = = NFP 20467 2922 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2922 3 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 2922 4 , , , 20467 2922 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2922 6 STRIPED STRIPED NNP 20467 2922 7 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2922 8 . . . 20467 2923 1 MOOSEWOOD moosewood NN 20467 2923 2 . . . 20467 2924 1 WHISTLEWOOD WHISTLEWOOD NNP 20467 2924 2 . . . 20467 2925 1 = = NFP 20467 2925 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2925 3 and and CC 20467 2925 4 Range.=--Cool range.=--cool NN 20467 2925 5 , , , 20467 2925 6 rocky rocky JJ 20467 2925 7 or or CC 20467 2925 8 sandy sandy JJ 20467 2925 9 woods wood NNS 20467 2925 10 . . . 20467 2926 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 2926 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 2926 3 to to IN 20467 2926 4 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2926 5 Superior Superior NNP 20467 2926 6 . . . 20467 2927 1 Maine,--abundant Maine,--abundant NNP 20467 2927 2 , , , 20467 2927 3 especially especially RB 20467 2927 4 northward northward RB 20467 2927 5 in in IN 20467 2927 6 the the DT 20467 2927 7 forests forest NNS 20467 2927 8 ; ; : 20467 2927 9 New New NNP 20467 2927 10 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 20467 2927 11 and and CC 20467 2927 12 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 2927 13 in in IN 20467 2927 14 highland highland NNP 20467 2927 15 woods wood NNS 20467 2927 16 ; ; : 20467 2927 17 Massachusetts,--common Massachusetts,--common NNP 20467 2927 18 in in IN 20467 2927 19 the the DT 20467 2927 20 western western JJ 20467 2927 21 and and CC 20467 2927 22 central central JJ 20467 2927 23 sections section NNS 20467 2927 24 , , , 20467 2927 25 rare rare JJ 20467 2927 26 towards towards IN 20467 2927 27 the the DT 20467 2927 28 coast coast NN 20467 2927 29 ; ; : 20467 2927 30 Rhode rhode VB 20467 2927 31 Island,--frequent island,--frequent NN 20467 2927 32 northward northward RB 20467 2927 33 ; ; : 20467 2927 34 Connecticut,--frequent Connecticut,--frequent NNP 20467 2927 35 , , , 20467 2927 36 reported report VBD 20467 2927 37 as as IN 20467 2927 38 far far RB 20467 2927 39 south south RB 20467 2927 40 as as IN 20467 2927 41 Cheshire Cheshire NNP 20467 2927 42 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2927 43 New New NNP 20467 2927 44 Haven Haven NNP 20467 2927 45 county county NN 20467 2927 46 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2927 47 . . . 20467 2928 1 South south RB 20467 2928 2 on on IN 20467 2928 3 shaded shaded JJ 20467 2928 4 mountain mountain NN 20467 2928 5 slopes slope NNS 20467 2928 6 and and CC 20467 2928 7 in in IN 20467 2928 8 deep deep JJ 20467 2928 9 ravines ravine NNS 20467 2928 10 to to IN 20467 2928 11 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2928 12 ; ; : 20467 2928 13 west west NN 20467 2928 14 to to IN 20467 2928 15 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 2928 16 . . . 20467 2929 1 = = NFP 20467 2929 2 Habit.=--Shrub habit.=--shrub NN 20467 2929 3 or or CC 20467 2929 4 small small JJ 20467 2929 5 tree tree NN 20467 2929 6 , , , 20467 2929 7 15 15 CD 20467 2929 8 - - SYM 20467 2929 9 25 25 CD 20467 2929 10 feet foot NNS 20467 2929 11 high high JJ 20467 2929 12 , , , 20467 2929 13 with with IN 20467 2929 14 a a DT 20467 2929 15 diameter diameter NN 20467 2929 16 at at IN 20467 2929 17 the the DT 20467 2929 18 ground ground NN 20467 2929 19 of of IN 20467 2929 20 5 5 CD 20467 2929 21 - - SYM 20467 2929 22 8 8 CD 20467 2929 23 inches inch NNS 20467 2929 24 ; ; , 20467 2929 25 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2929 26 by by IN 20467 2929 27 a a DT 20467 2929 28 slender slender NN 20467 2929 29 , , , 20467 2929 30 beautifully beautifully RB 20467 2929 31 striate striate JJ 20467 2929 32 trunk trunk NN 20467 2929 33 and and CC 20467 2929 34 straight straight JJ 20467 2929 35 branches branch NNS 20467 2929 36 ; ; : 20467 2929 37 by by IN 20467 2929 38 the the DT 20467 2929 39 roseate roseate JJ 20467 2929 40 flush flush NN 20467 2929 41 of of IN 20467 2929 42 the the DT 20467 2929 43 opening opening NN 20467 2929 44 foliage foliage NN 20467 2929 45 , , , 20467 2929 46 deepening deepen VBG 20467 2929 47 later later RB 20467 2929 48 to to IN 20467 2929 49 a a DT 20467 2929 50 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2929 51 - - HYPH 20467 2929 52 green green JJ 20467 2929 53 ; ; : 20467 2929 54 and and CC 20467 2929 55 by by IN 20467 2929 56 the the DT 20467 2929 57 long long JJ 20467 2929 58 , , , 20467 2929 59 graceful graceful JJ 20467 2929 60 , , , 20467 2929 61 pendent pendent NN 20467 2929 62 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2929 63 of of IN 20467 2929 64 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2929 65 flowers flower NNS 20467 2929 66 , , , 20467 2929 67 succeeded succeed VBN 20467 2929 68 by by IN 20467 2929 69 the the DT 20467 2929 70 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2929 71 , , , 20467 2929 72 drooping droop VBG 20467 2929 73 fruit fruit NN 20467 2929 74 . . . 20467 2930 1 = = NFP 20467 2930 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2930 3 of of IN 20467 2930 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2930 5 and and CC 20467 2930 6 branches branch NNS 20467 2930 7 deep deep JJ 20467 2930 8 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2930 9 - - HYPH 20467 2930 10 brown brown JJ 20467 2930 11 or or CC 20467 2930 12 dark dark JJ 20467 2930 13 green green NN 20467 2930 14 , , , 20467 2930 15 conspicuously conspicuously RB 20467 2930 16 striped stripe VBN 20467 2930 17 longitudinally longitudinally RB 20467 2930 18 with with IN 20467 2930 19 pale pale JJ 20467 2930 20 and and CC 20467 2930 21 blackish blackish JJ 20467 2930 22 bands band NNS 20467 2930 23 ; ; , 20467 2930 24 roughish roughish JJ 20467 2930 25 with with IN 20467 2930 26 light light JJ 20467 2930 27 buff buff NN 20467 2930 28 , , , 20467 2930 29 irregular irregular JJ 20467 2930 30 dots dot NNS 20467 2930 31 ; ; : 20467 2930 32 the the DT 20467 2930 33 younger young JJR 20467 2930 34 branches branch NNS 20467 2930 35 marked mark VBN 20467 2930 36 with with IN 20467 2930 37 oval oval JJ 20467 2930 38 leaf leaf NN 20467 2930 39 - - HYPH 20467 2930 40 scars scar NNS 20467 2930 41 and and CC 20467 2930 42 the the DT 20467 2930 43 linear linear JJ 20467 2930 44 scars scar NNS 20467 2930 45 of of IN 20467 2930 46 the the DT 20467 2930 47 leaf leaf NN 20467 2930 48 - - HYPH 20467 2930 49 scales scale NNS 20467 2930 50 ; ; : 20467 2930 51 the the DT 20467 2930 52 season season NN 20467 2930 53 's 's POS 20467 2930 54 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2930 55 smooth smooth VBP 20467 2930 56 , , , 20467 2930 57 light light JJ 20467 2930 58 green green NN 20467 2930 59 , , , 20467 2930 60 mottled mottle VBN 20467 2930 61 with with IN 20467 2930 62 black black NN 20467 2930 63 . . . 20467 2931 1 In in IN 20467 2931 2 spring spring NN 20467 2931 3 the the DT 20467 2931 4 bark bark NN 20467 2931 5 of of IN 20467 2931 6 the the DT 20467 2931 7 small small JJ 20467 2931 8 branches branch NNS 20467 2931 9 is be VBZ 20467 2931 10 easily easily RB 20467 2931 11 separable separable JJ 20467 2931 12 , , , 20467 2931 13 giving give VBG 20467 2931 14 rise rise NN 20467 2931 15 to to IN 20467 2931 16 the the DT 20467 2931 17 name name NN 20467 2931 18 " " `` 20467 2931 19 whistle whistle NN 20467 2931 20 wood wood NN 20467 2931 21 . . . 20467 2931 22 " " '' 20467 2932 1 = = NFP 20467 2932 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2932 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2932 4 and and CC 20467 2932 5 Leaves.=--Terminal leaves.=--terminal ADD 20467 2932 6 bud bud NNP 20467 2932 7 long long JJ 20467 2932 8 , , , 20467 2932 9 short short JJ 20467 2932 10 - - HYPH 20467 2932 11 stalked stalk VBN 20467 2932 12 , , , 20467 2932 13 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 2932 14 4-sided 4-sided CD 20467 2932 15 , , , 20467 2932 16 tapering taper VBG 20467 2932 17 to to IN 20467 2932 18 a a DT 20467 2932 19 blunt blunt JJ 20467 2932 20 tip tip NN 20467 2932 21 ; ; : 20467 2932 22 lateral lateral JJ 20467 2932 23 buds bud NNS 20467 2932 24 small small JJ 20467 2932 25 and and CC 20467 2932 26 flat flat JJ 20467 2932 27 ; ; : 20467 2932 28 opening open VBG 20467 2932 29 foliage foliage NN 20467 2932 30 roseate roseate NN 20467 2932 31 . . . 20467 2933 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2933 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2933 3 , , , 20467 2933 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 2933 5 ; ; : 20467 2933 6 5 5 CD 20467 2933 7 - - SYM 20467 2933 8 6 6 CD 20467 2933 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2933 10 long long JJ 20467 2933 11 and and CC 20467 2933 12 nearly nearly RB 20467 2933 13 as as RB 20467 2933 14 broad broad JJ 20467 2933 15 ; ; : 20467 2933 16 the the DT 20467 2933 17 upper upper JJ 20467 2933 18 leaves leave VBZ 20467 2933 19 much much RB 20467 2933 20 narrower narrower RBR 20467 2933 21 ; ; : 20467 2933 22 when when WRB 20467 2933 23 fully fully RB 20467 2933 24 grown grow VBN 20467 2933 25 light light NN 20467 2933 26 green green NNP 20467 2933 27 above above RB 20467 2933 28 , , , 20467 2933 29 paler paler NN 20467 2933 30 beneath beneath NNP 20467 2933 31 , , , 20467 2933 32 finally finally RB 20467 2933 33 nearly nearly RB 20467 2933 34 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 2933 35 , , , 20467 2933 36 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2933 37 in in IN 20467 2933 38 autumn autumn NN 20467 2933 39 , , , 20467 2933 40 divided divide VBN 20467 2933 41 above above IN 20467 2933 42 the the DT 20467 2933 43 center center NN 20467 2933 44 into into IN 20467 2933 45 three three CD 20467 2933 46 deep deep JJ 20467 2933 47 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2933 48 lobes lobe NNS 20467 2933 49 , , , 20467 2933 50 finely finely RB 20467 2933 51 , , , 20467 2933 52 sharply sharply RB 20467 2933 53 , , , 20467 2933 54 and and CC 20467 2933 55 usually usually RB 20467 2933 56 doubly doubly RB 20467 2933 57 serrate serrate VB 20467 2933 58 ; ; : 20467 2933 59 base base NN 20467 2933 60 heart heart NN 20467 2933 61 - - HYPH 20467 2933 62 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2933 63 , , , 20467 2933 64 truncate truncate JJ 20467 2933 65 , , , 20467 2933 66 or or CC 20467 2933 67 rounded rounded JJ 20467 2933 68 ; ; : 20467 2933 69 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 2933 70 1 1 CD 20467 2933 71 - - SYM 20467 2933 72 3 3 CD 20467 2933 73 inches inch NNS 20467 2933 74 long long JJ 20467 2933 75 , , , 20467 2933 76 grooved grooved JJ 20467 2933 77 , , , 20467 2933 78 the the DT 20467 2933 79 enlarged enlarged JJ 20467 2933 80 base base NN 20467 2933 81 including include VBG 20467 2933 82 the the DT 20467 2933 83 leaf leaf NN 20467 2933 84 - - HYPH 20467 2933 85 buds bud NNS 20467 2933 86 of of IN 20467 2933 87 the the DT 20467 2933 88 next next JJ 20467 2933 89 season season NN 20467 2933 90 . . . 20467 2934 1 = = NFP 20467 2934 2 Inflorescence.=--In inflorescence.=--in NN 20467 2934 3 simple simple JJ 20467 2934 4 , , , 20467 2934 5 drooping drooping JJ 20467 2934 6 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2934 7 , , , 20467 2934 8 often often RB 20467 2934 9 5 5 CD 20467 2934 10 - - SYM 20467 2934 11 6 6 CD 20467 2934 12 inches inch NNS 20467 2934 13 long long JJ 20467 2934 14 , , , 20467 2934 15 appearing appear VBG 20467 2934 16 after after IN 20467 2934 17 the the DT 20467 2934 18 leaves leave NNS 20467 2934 19 in in IN 20467 2934 20 late late JJ 20467 2934 21 May May NNP 20467 2934 22 or or CC 20467 2934 23 early early JJ 20467 2934 24 June June NNP 20467 2934 25 ; ; : 20467 2934 26 the the DT 20467 2934 27 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2934 28 and and CC 20467 2934 29 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2934 30 flowers flower NNS 20467 2934 31 mostly mostly RB 20467 2934 32 in in IN 20467 2934 33 separate separate JJ 20467 2934 34 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2934 35 on on IN 20467 2934 36 the the DT 20467 2934 37 same same JJ 20467 2934 38 tree tree NN 20467 2934 39 ; ; : 20467 2934 40 the the DT 20467 2934 41 bell bell NN 20467 2934 42 - - HYPH 20467 2934 43 shaped shape VBN 20467 2934 44 flowers flower NNS 20467 2934 45 on on IN 20467 2934 46 slender slend JJR 20467 2934 47 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 2934 48 ; ; , 20467 2934 49 petals petal NNS 20467 2934 50 and and CC 20467 2934 51 sepals sepal NNS 20467 2934 52 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2934 53 - - HYPH 20467 2934 54 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2934 55 ; ; : 20467 2934 56 sepals sepal NNS 20467 2934 57 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 2934 58 oblong oblong JJ 20467 2934 59 , , , 20467 2934 60 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2934 61 shorter short JJR 20467 2934 62 than than IN 20467 2934 63 the the DT 20467 2934 64 obovate obovate NN 20467 2934 65 petals petal NNS 20467 2934 66 ; ; , 20467 2934 67 stamens stamen NNS 20467 2934 68 usually usually RB 20467 2934 69 8 8 CD 20467 2934 70 , , , 20467 2934 71 shorter short JJR 20467 2934 72 than than IN 20467 2934 73 the the DT 20467 2934 74 petals petal NNS 20467 2934 75 in in IN 20467 2934 76 the the DT 20467 2934 77 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2934 78 flower flower NN 20467 2934 79 , , , 20467 2934 80 rudimentary rudimentary NNP 20467 2934 81 in in IN 20467 2934 82 the the DT 20467 2934 83 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2934 84 , , , 20467 2934 85 the the DT 20467 2934 86 pistil pistil JJ 20467 2934 87 abortive abortive NN 20467 2934 88 or or CC 20467 2934 89 none none NN 20467 2934 90 in in IN 20467 2934 91 the the DT 20467 2934 92 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2934 93 flower flower NN 20467 2934 94 , , , 20467 2934 95 in in IN 20467 2934 96 the the DT 20467 2934 97 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2934 98 terminating terminating NN 20467 2934 99 in in IN 20467 2934 100 a a DT 20467 2934 101 recurved recurved JJ 20467 2934 102 stigma stigma NN 20467 2934 103 . . . 20467 2935 1 = = NFP 20467 2935 2 Fruit.=--In fruit.=--in NN 20467 2935 3 long long RB 20467 2935 4 , , , 20467 2935 5 drooping droop VBG 20467 2935 6 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2935 7 of of IN 20467 2935 8 pale pale JJ 20467 2935 9 green green JJ 20467 2935 10 keys key NNS 20467 2935 11 , , , 20467 2935 12 set set VBN 20467 2935 13 at at IN 20467 2935 14 a a DT 20467 2935 15 wide wide JJ 20467 2935 16 but but CC 20467 2935 17 not not RB 20467 2935 18 uniform uniform JJ 20467 2935 19 angle angle NN 20467 2935 20 ; ; , 20467 2935 21 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 2935 22 from from IN 20467 2935 23 the the DT 20467 2935 24 other other JJ 20467 2935 25 maples maple NNS 20467 2935 26 , , , 20467 2935 27 except except IN 20467 2935 28 _ _ NNP 20467 2935 29 A. A. NNP 20467 2936 1 spicatum spicatum NNP 20467 2936 2 _ _ NNP 20467 2936 3 , , , 20467 2936 4 by by IN 20467 2936 5 a a DT 20467 2936 6 small small JJ 20467 2936 7 cavity cavity NN 20467 2936 8 in in IN 20467 2936 9 the the DT 20467 2936 10 side side NN 20467 2936 11 of of IN 20467 2936 12 each each DT 20467 2936 13 key key JJ 20467 2936 14 ; ; : 20467 2936 15 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2936 16 ; ; : 20467 2936 17 ripening ripen VBG 20467 2936 18 in in IN 20467 2936 19 August August NNP 20467 2936 20 . . . 20467 2937 1 = = NFP 20467 2937 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2937 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2937 4 , , , 20467 2937 5 under under IN 20467 2937 6 favorable favorable JJ 20467 2937 7 conditions condition NNS 20467 2937 8 , , , 20467 2937 9 throughout throughout IN 20467 2937 10 New New NNP 20467 2937 11 England England NNP 20467 2937 12 . . . 20467 2938 1 Prefers prefer NNS 20467 2938 2 a a DT 20467 2938 3 rich rich JJ 20467 2938 4 , , , 20467 2938 5 moist moist JJ 20467 2938 6 soil soil NN 20467 2938 7 near near IN 20467 2938 8 water water NN 20467 2938 9 , , , 20467 2938 10 in in IN 20467 2938 11 shade shade NN 20467 2938 12 ; ; : 20467 2938 13 but but CC 20467 2938 14 grows grow VBZ 20467 2938 15 well well RB 20467 2938 16 in in IN 20467 2938 17 almost almost RB 20467 2938 18 any any DT 20467 2938 19 soil soil NN 20467 2938 20 when when WRB 20467 2938 21 once once RB 20467 2938 22 established establish VBN 20467 2938 23 , , , 20467 2938 24 many many JJ 20467 2938 25 young young JJ 20467 2938 26 plants plant NNS 20467 2938 27 failing fail VBG 20467 2938 28 to to TO 20467 2938 29 start start VB 20467 2938 30 into into IN 20467 2938 31 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 2938 32 growth growth NN 20467 2938 33 . . . 20467 2939 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2939 2 grown grow VBN 20467 2939 3 by by IN 20467 2939 4 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 2939 5 , , , 20467 2939 6 but but CC 20467 2939 7 more more RBR 20467 2939 8 readily readily RB 20467 2939 9 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 2939 10 from from IN 20467 2939 11 northern northern JJ 20467 2939 12 collectors collector NNS 20467 2939 13 of of IN 20467 2939 14 native native JJ 20467 2939 15 plants plant NNS 20467 2939 16 . . . 20467 2940 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2940 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2940 3 : : : 20467 2940 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2940 5 LXXVI.--Acer LXXVI.--Acer NNP 20467 2940 6 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 2940 7 . . . 20467 2940 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2941 1 1 1 LS 20467 2941 2 . . . 20467 2942 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2942 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2942 3 . . . 20467 2943 1 2 2 LS 20467 2943 2 . . . 20467 2944 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 2944 2 branch branch NN 20467 2944 3 . . . 20467 2945 1 3 3 LS 20467 2945 2 . . . 20467 2946 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2946 2 flower flower NN 20467 2946 3 . . . 20467 2947 1 4 4 LS 20467 2947 2 . . . 20467 2948 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2948 2 flower flower NN 20467 2948 3 with with IN 20467 2948 4 part part NN 20467 2948 5 of of IN 20467 2948 6 the the DT 20467 2948 7 perianth perianth NN 20467 2948 8 removed remove VBN 20467 2948 9 . . . 20467 2949 1 5 5 CD 20467 2949 2 . . . 20467 2950 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2950 2 branch branch NN 20467 2950 3 . . . 20467 2951 1 = = NFP 20467 2951 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 2951 3 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 2951 4 , , , 20467 2951 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 2951 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2951 7 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 2951 8 aceroides aceroide NNS 20467 2951 9 , , , 20467 2951 10 Moench Moench NNP 20467 2951 11 . . . 20467 2952 1 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 2952 2 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 2952 3 , , , 20467 2952 4 Karst Karst NNP 20467 2952 5 . . . 20467 2952 6 _ _ NNP 20467 2952 7 BOX BOX NNP 20467 2952 8 ELDER ELDER NNP 20467 2952 9 . . . 20467 2953 1 ASH ASH NNP 20467 2953 2 - - HYPH 20467 2953 3 LEAVED leaved JJ 20467 2953 4 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 20467 2953 5 . . . 20467 2954 1 = = NFP 20467 2954 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2954 3 and and CC 20467 2954 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2954 5 deep deep JJ 20467 2954 6 , , , 20467 2954 7 moist moist JJ 20467 2954 8 soil soil NN 20467 2954 9 ; ; : 20467 2954 10 river river NN 20467 2954 11 valleys valley NNS 20467 2954 12 and and CC 20467 2954 13 borders border NNS 20467 2954 14 of of IN 20467 2954 15 swamps swamp NNS 20467 2954 16 . . . 20467 2955 1 Infrequent infrequent NN 20467 2955 2 from from IN 20467 2955 3 eastern eastern JJ 20467 2955 4 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 2955 5 to to IN 20467 2955 6 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2955 7 of of IN 20467 2955 8 the the DT 20467 2955 9 Woods Woods NNP 20467 2955 10 ; ; : 20467 2955 11 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2955 12 from from IN 20467 2955 13 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 2955 14 westward westward RB 20467 2955 15 to to IN 20467 2955 16 the the DT 20467 2955 17 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 2955 18 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2955 19 south south RB 20467 2955 20 of of IN 20467 2955 21 55 55 CD 20467 2955 22 ° ° NNS 20467 2955 23 north north NN 20467 2955 24 latitude latitude NN 20467 2955 25 . . . 20467 2956 1 Maine,--along Maine,--along NNP 20467 2956 2 the the DT 20467 2956 3 St. St. NNP 20467 2956 4 John John NNP 20467 2956 5 and and CC 20467 2956 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2956 7 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 2956 8 , , , 20467 2956 9 especially especially RB 20467 2956 10 in in IN 20467 2956 11 the the DT 20467 2956 12 French french JJ 20467 2956 13 villages village NNS 20467 2956 14 , , , 20467 2956 15 the the DT 20467 2956 16 commonest common JJS 20467 2956 17 roadside roadside NN 20467 2956 18 tree tree NN 20467 2956 19 , , , 20467 2956 20 brought bring VBN 20467 2956 21 in in RP 20467 2956 22 from from IN 20467 2956 23 the the DT 20467 2956 24 wild wild JJ 20467 2956 25 state state NN 20467 2956 26 according accord VBG 20467 2956 27 to to IN 20467 2956 28 the the DT 20467 2956 29 people people NNS 20467 2956 30 there there RB 20467 2956 31 ; ; : 20467 2956 32 thoroughly thoroughly RB 20467 2956 33 established establish VBD 20467 2956 34 young young JJ 20467 2956 35 trees tree NNS 20467 2956 36 , , , 20467 2956 37 originating originate VBG 20467 2956 38 from from IN 20467 2956 39 planted plant VBN 20467 2956 40 specimens specimen NNS 20467 2956 41 , , , 20467 2956 42 in in IN 20467 2956 43 various various JJ 20467 2956 44 parts part NNS 20467 2956 45 of of IN 20467 2956 46 the the DT 20467 2956 47 state state NN 20467 2956 48 ; ; : 20467 2956 49 New New NNP 20467 2956 50 Hampshire,--occasional hampshire,--occasional RB 20467 2956 51 along along IN 20467 2956 52 the the DT 20467 2956 53 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2956 54 , , , 20467 2956 55 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2956 56 at at IN 20467 2956 57 Walpole Walpole NNP 20467 2956 58 ; ; : 20467 2956 59 extending extend VBG 20467 2956 60 northward northward RB 20467 2956 61 as as RB 20467 2956 62 far far RB 20467 2956 63 as as IN 20467 2956 64 South South NNP 20467 2956 65 Charlestown Charlestown NNP 20467 2956 66 ( ( -LRB- 20467 2956 67 W. W. NNP 20467 2956 68 F. F. NNP 20467 2956 69 Flint Flint NNP 20467 2956 70 _ _ NNP 20467 2956 71 in in IN 20467 2956 72 lit lit NN 20467 2956 73 . . . 20467 2956 74 _ _ NNP 20467 2956 75 ) ) -RRB- 20467 2956 76 ; ; : 20467 2956 77 Vermont,--shores Vermont,--shores NNP 20467 2956 78 of of IN 20467 2956 79 the the DT 20467 2956 80 Winooski Winooski NNP 20467 2956 81 river river NN 20467 2956 82 and and CC 20467 2956 83 of of IN 20467 2956 84 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2956 85 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 2956 86 ; ; : 20467 2956 87 Connecticut,--banks connecticut,--bank NNS 20467 2956 88 of of IN 20467 2956 89 the the DT 20467 2956 90 Housatonic Housatonic NNP 20467 2956 91 river river NN 20467 2956 92 at at IN 20467 2956 93 New New NNP 20467 2956 94 Milford Milford NNP 20467 2956 95 , , , 20467 2956 96 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 20467 2956 97 Bridge Bridge NNP 20467 2956 98 , , , 20467 2956 99 and and CC 20467 2956 100 Lime Lime NNP 20467 2956 101 Rock Rock NNP 20467 2956 102 station station NN 20467 2956 103 . . . 20467 2957 1 South south RB 20467 2957 2 to to IN 20467 2957 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 2957 4 ; ; : 20467 2957 5 west west NN 20467 2957 6 to to IN 20467 2957 7 the the DT 20467 2957 8 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 2957 9 and and CC 20467 2957 10 Wahsatch Wahsatch NNP 20467 2957 11 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2957 12 , , , 20467 2957 13 reaching reach VBG 20467 2957 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2957 15 greatest great JJS 20467 2957 16 size size NN 20467 2957 17 in in IN 20467 2957 18 the the DT 20467 2957 19 river river NN 20467 2957 20 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 2957 21 of of IN 20467 2957 22 the the DT 20467 2957 23 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 2957 24 and and CC 20467 2957 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 2957 26 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 2957 27 . . . 20467 2958 1 = = NFP 20467 2958 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2958 3 small small JJ 20467 2958 4 but but CC 20467 2958 5 handsome handsome JJ 20467 2958 6 tree tree NN 20467 2958 7 , , , 20467 2958 8 30 30 CD 20467 2958 9 - - SYM 20467 2958 10 40 40 CD 20467 2958 11 feet foot NNS 20467 2958 12 high high JJ 20467 2958 13 , , , 20467 2958 14 with with IN 20467 2958 15 a a DT 20467 2958 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 2958 17 of of IN 20467 2958 18 1 1 CD 20467 2958 19 - - SYM 20467 2958 20 2 2 CD 20467 2958 21 feet foot NNS 20467 2958 22 . . . 20467 2959 1 Trunk trunk NN 20467 2959 2 separating separate VBG 20467 2959 3 at at IN 20467 2959 4 a a DT 20467 2959 5 small small JJ 20467 2959 6 height height NN 20467 2959 7 , , , 20467 2959 8 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2959 9 a a DT 20467 2959 10 foot foot NN 20467 2959 11 or or CC 20467 2959 12 two two CD 20467 2959 13 from from IN 20467 2959 14 the the DT 20467 2959 15 ground ground NN 20467 2959 16 , , , 20467 2959 17 into into IN 20467 2959 18 several several JJ 20467 2959 19 wide wide RB 20467 2959 20 - - HYPH 20467 2959 21 spreading spread VBG 20467 2959 22 branches branch NNS 20467 2959 23 , , , 20467 2959 24 forming form VBG 20467 2959 25 a a DT 20467 2959 26 broad broad JJ 20467 2959 27 , , , 20467 2959 28 roundish roundish JJ 20467 2959 29 , , , 20467 2959 30 open open JJ 20467 2959 31 head head NN 20467 2959 32 , , , 20467 2959 33 characterized characterize VBN 20467 2959 34 by by IN 20467 2959 35 lively lively JJ 20467 2959 36 green green JJ 20467 2959 37 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2959 38 and and CC 20467 2959 39 foliage foliage NN 20467 2959 40 , , , 20467 2959 41 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2959 42 flowers flower NNS 20467 2959 43 and and CC 20467 2959 44 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2959 45 , , , 20467 2959 46 long long JJ 20467 2959 47 , , , 20467 2959 48 loose loose JJ 20467 2959 49 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2959 50 of of IN 20467 2959 51 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2959 52 - - HYPH 20467 2959 53 green green JJ 20467 2959 54 keys key NNS 20467 2959 55 hanging hang VBG 20467 2959 56 till till IN 20467 2959 57 late late JJ 20467 2959 58 autumn autumn NN 20467 2959 59 , , , 20467 2959 60 the the DT 20467 2959 61 stems stem NNS 20467 2959 62 clinging cling VBG 20467 2959 63 throughout throughout IN 20467 2959 64 the the DT 20467 2959 65 winter winter NN 20467 2959 66 . . . 20467 2960 1 = = NFP 20467 2960 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 2960 3 of of IN 20467 2960 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 2960 5 when when WRB 20467 2960 6 young young JJ 20467 2960 7 , , , 20467 2960 8 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2960 9 , , , 20467 2960 10 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2960 11 - - HYPH 20467 2960 12 green green JJ 20467 2960 13 , , , 20467 2960 14 in in IN 20467 2960 15 old old JJ 20467 2960 16 trees tree NNS 20467 2960 17 becoming become VBG 20467 2960 18 grayish grayish NN 20467 2960 19 - - HYPH 20467 2960 20 brown brown JJ 20467 2960 21 and and CC 20467 2960 22 ridgy ridgy JJ 20467 2960 23 ; ; : 20467 2960 24 smaller small JJR 20467 2960 25 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 2960 26 greenish greenish NN 20467 2960 27 - - HYPH 20467 2960 28 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2960 29 ; ; : 20467 2960 30 season season NN 20467 2960 31 's 's POS 20467 2960 32 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2960 33 pale pale JJ 20467 2960 34 green green JJ 20467 2960 35 or or CC 20467 2960 36 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2960 37 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2960 38 - - HYPH 20467 2960 39 purple purple NN 20467 2960 40 , , , 20467 2960 41 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2960 42 and and CC 20467 2960 43 shining shining JJ 20467 2960 44 or or CC 20467 2960 45 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2960 46 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 2960 47 . . . 20467 2961 1 = = NFP 20467 2961 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2961 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2961 4 and and CC 20467 2961 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 2961 6 small small JJ 20467 2961 7 , , , 20467 2961 8 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2961 9 , , , 20467 2961 10 enclosed enclose VBN 20467 2961 11 in in IN 20467 2961 12 two two CD 20467 2961 13 dull dull JJ 20467 2961 14 - - HYPH 20467 2961 15 red red JJ 20467 2961 16 , , , 20467 2961 17 minutely minutely RB 20467 2961 18 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 2961 19 scales scale VBZ 20467 2961 20 . . . 20467 2962 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 2962 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 2962 3 compound compound VBP 20467 2962 4 , , , 20467 2962 5 opposite opposite IN 20467 2962 6 ; ; : 20467 2962 7 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 2962 8 usually usually RB 20467 2962 9 3 3 CD 20467 2962 10 , , , 20467 2962 11 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 2962 12 5 5 CD 20467 2962 13 or or CC 20467 2962 14 7 7 CD 20467 2962 15 , , , 20467 2962 16 2 2 CD 20467 2962 17 - - SYM 20467 2962 18 4 4 CD 20467 2962 19 inches inch NNS 20467 2962 20 long long JJ 20467 2962 21 , , , 20467 2962 22 1 1 CD 20467 2962 23 - - HYPH 20467 2962 24 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2962 25 - - HYPH 20467 2962 26 2 2 CD 20467 2962 27 - - HYPH 20467 2962 28 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2962 29 inches inch NNS 20467 2962 30 broad broad JJ 20467 2962 31 , , , 20467 2962 32 light light JJ 20467 2962 33 green green JJ 20467 2962 34 above above RB 20467 2962 35 , , , 20467 2962 36 paler paler NN 20467 2962 37 beneath beneath IN 20467 2962 38 and and CC 20467 2962 39 woolly woolly RB 20467 2962 40 when when WRB 20467 2962 41 opening opening NN 20467 2962 42 , , , 20467 2962 43 slightly slightly RB 20467 2962 44 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2962 45 at at IN 20467 2962 46 maturity maturity NN 20467 2962 47 , , , 20467 2962 48 ovate ovate NN 20467 2962 49 or or CC 20467 2962 50 oval oval NN 20467 2962 51 , , , 20467 2962 52 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 2962 53 and and CC 20467 2962 54 remotely remotely RB 20467 2962 55 coarse coarse RB 20467 2962 56 - - HYPH 20467 2962 57 toothed toothed JJ 20467 2962 58 mostly mostly RB 20467 2962 59 above above IN 20467 2962 60 the the DT 20467 2962 61 middle middle NN 20467 2962 62 , , , 20467 2962 63 3-lobed 3-lobed CD 20467 2962 64 or or CC 20467 2962 65 nearly nearly RB 20467 2962 66 entire entire JJ 20467 2962 67 ; ; : 20467 2962 68 apex apex NNP 20467 2962 69 acute acute NNP 20467 2962 70 ; ; : 20467 2962 71 base base NN 20467 2962 72 extremely extremely RB 20467 2962 73 variable variable JJ 20467 2962 74 ; ; : 20467 2962 75 veins vein NNS 20467 2962 76 prominent prominent JJ 20467 2962 77 ; ; : 20467 2962 78 petioles petioles NNP 20467 2962 79 2 2 CD 20467 2962 80 - - SYM 20467 2962 81 3 3 CD 20467 2962 82 inches inch NNS 20467 2962 83 long long JJ 20467 2962 84 , , , 20467 2962 85 enlarging enlarge VBG 20467 2962 86 at at IN 20467 2962 87 the the DT 20467 2962 88 base base NN 20467 2962 89 , , , 20467 2962 90 leaving leave VBG 20467 2962 91 , , , 20467 2962 92 when when WRB 20467 2962 93 they -PRON- PRP 20467 2962 94 fall fall VBP 20467 2962 95 , , , 20467 2962 96 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2962 97 leaf leaf NN 20467 2962 98 - - HYPH 20467 2962 99 scars scar NNS 20467 2962 100 which which WDT 20467 2962 101 unite unite VBP 20467 2962 102 at at IN 20467 2962 103 an an DT 20467 2962 104 angle angle NN 20467 2962 105 midway midway NN 20467 2962 106 between between IN 20467 2962 107 the the DT 20467 2962 108 winter winter NN 20467 2962 109 buds bud NNS 20467 2962 110 . . . 20467 2963 1 = = NFP 20467 2963 2 Inflorescence.=--April inflorescence.=--april UH 20467 2963 3 1 1 CD 20467 2963 4 - - SYM 20467 2963 5 15 15 CD 20467 2963 6 . . . 20467 2964 1 Flowers flower NNS 20467 2964 2 appearing appear VBG 20467 2964 3 at at IN 20467 2964 4 the the DT 20467 2964 5 ends end NNS 20467 2964 6 of of IN 20467 2964 7 the the DT 20467 2964 8 preceding precede VBG 20467 2964 9 year year NN 20467 2964 10 's 's POS 20467 2964 11 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2964 12 as as IN 20467 2964 13 the the DT 20467 2964 14 leaf leaf NN 20467 2964 15 - - HYPH 20467 2964 16 buds bud NNS 20467 2964 17 begin begin VBP 20467 2964 18 to to TO 20467 2964 19 open open VB 20467 2964 20 , , , 20467 2964 21 small small JJ 20467 2964 22 , , , 20467 2964 23 greenish greenish JJ 20467 2964 24 - - HYPH 20467 2964 25 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2964 26 ; ; : 20467 2964 27 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2964 28 and and CC 20467 2964 29 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2964 30 on on IN 20467 2964 31 separate separate JJ 20467 2964 32 trees,--the trees,--the DT 20467 2964 33 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2964 34 in in IN 20467 2964 35 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2964 36 , , , 20467 2964 37 on on IN 20467 2964 38 long long JJ 20467 2964 39 , , , 20467 2964 40 hairy hairy JJ 20467 2964 41 , , , 20467 2964 42 drooping droop VBG 20467 2964 43 , , , 20467 2964 44 thread thread NN 20467 2964 45 - - HYPH 20467 2964 46 like like JJ 20467 2964 47 stems stem NNS 20467 2964 48 ; ; : 20467 2964 49 the the DT 20467 2964 50 calyx calyx NNP 20467 2964 51 hairy hairy NNP 20467 2964 52 , , , 20467 2964 53 5-lobed 5-lobed CD 20467 2964 54 , , , 20467 2964 55 with with IN 20467 2964 56 about about RB 20467 2964 57 5 5 CD 20467 2964 58 hairy hairy NN 20467 2964 59 - - HYPH 20467 2964 60 stemmed stemmed JJ 20467 2964 61 , , , 20467 2964 62 much much RB 20467 2964 63 - - HYPH 20467 2964 64 projecting project VBG 20467 2964 65 linear linear JJ 20467 2964 66 anthers anther NNS 20467 2964 67 ; ; : 20467 2964 68 pistil pistil JJ 20467 2964 69 none none NN 20467 2964 70 : : : 20467 2964 71 the the DT 20467 2964 72 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2964 73 in in IN 20467 2964 74 delicate delicate JJ 20467 2964 75 , , , 20467 2964 76 pendent pendent NN 20467 2964 77 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2964 78 , , , 20467 2964 79 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 2964 80 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 2964 81 at at IN 20467 2964 82 a a DT 20467 2964 83 distance distance NN 20467 2964 84 from from IN 20467 2964 85 the the DT 20467 2964 86 foliage foliage NN 20467 2964 87 ; ; , 20467 2964 88 ovary ovary JJ 20467 2964 89 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 2964 90 , , , 20467 2964 91 rising rise VBG 20467 2964 92 out out IN 20467 2964 93 of of IN 20467 2964 94 the the DT 20467 2964 95 calyx calyx NN 20467 2964 96 ; ; , 20467 2964 97 styles style NNS 20467 2964 98 long long JJ 20467 2964 99 , , , 20467 2964 100 divergent divergent JJ 20467 2964 101 ; ; : 20467 2964 102 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 2964 103 none none NN 20467 2964 104 . . . 20467 2965 1 = = NFP 20467 2965 2 Fruit.=--Loose fruit.=--loose NN 20467 2965 3 , , , 20467 2965 4 pendent pendent NN 20467 2965 5 , , , 20467 2965 6 greenish greenish NN 20467 2965 7 - - HYPH 20467 2965 8 yellow yellow JJ 20467 2965 9 racemes raceme NNS 20467 2965 10 , , , 20467 2965 11 6 6 CD 20467 2965 12 - - SYM 20467 2965 13 8 8 CD 20467 2965 14 inches inch NNS 20467 2965 15 long long JJ 20467 2965 16 , , , 20467 2965 17 the the DT 20467 2965 18 slender slender NN 20467 2965 19 - - HYPH 20467 2965 20 pediceled pedicele VBN 20467 2965 21 keys key NNS 20467 2965 22 joined join VBD 20467 2965 23 at at IN 20467 2965 24 a a DT 20467 2965 25 wide wide JJ 20467 2965 26 angle angle NN 20467 2965 27 , , , 20467 2965 28 broadest broad JJS 20467 2965 29 and and CC 20467 2965 30 often often RB 20467 2965 31 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 2965 32 wavy wavy JJ 20467 2965 33 near near IN 20467 2965 34 the the DT 20467 2965 35 extremity extremity NN 20467 2965 36 , , , 20467 2965 37 dropping drop VBG 20467 2965 38 in in IN 20467 2965 39 late late JJ 20467 2965 40 autumn autumn NN 20467 2965 41 from from IN 20467 2965 42 the the DT 20467 2965 43 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2965 44 stems stem NNS 20467 2965 45 , , , 20467 2965 46 which which WDT 20467 2965 47 hang hang VBP 20467 2965 48 on on RP 20467 2965 49 till till IN 20467 2965 50 spring spring NN 20467 2965 51 . . . 20467 2966 1 = = NFP 20467 2966 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2966 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 2966 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 2966 5 New New NNP 20467 2966 6 England England NNP 20467 2966 7 ; ; : 20467 2966 8 flourishes flourish NNS 20467 2966 9 best well RBS 20467 2966 10 in in IN 20467 2966 11 moist moist JJ 20467 2966 12 soil soil NN 20467 2966 13 near near IN 20467 2966 14 running running NN 20467 2966 15 water water NN 20467 2966 16 or or CC 20467 2966 17 on on IN 20467 2966 18 rocky rocky JJ 20467 2966 19 slopes slope NNS 20467 2966 20 , , , 20467 2966 21 but but CC 20467 2966 22 accommodates accommodate VBZ 20467 2966 23 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 2966 24 to to IN 20467 2966 25 almost almost RB 20467 2966 26 any any DT 20467 2966 27 situation situation NN 20467 2966 28 ; ; : 20467 2966 29 easily easily RB 20467 2966 30 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 2966 31 . . . 20467 2967 1 Plants plant NNS 20467 2967 2 of of IN 20467 2967 3 the the DT 20467 2967 4 same same JJ 20467 2967 5 age age NN 20467 2967 6 are be VBP 20467 2967 7 apt apt JJ 20467 2967 8 to to TO 20467 2967 9 vary vary VB 20467 2967 10 so so RB 20467 2967 11 much much RB 20467 2967 12 in in IN 20467 2967 13 size size NN 20467 2967 14 and and CC 20467 2967 15 habit habit NN 20467 2967 16 as as IN 20467 2967 17 to to TO 20467 2967 18 make make VB 20467 2967 19 them -PRON- PRP 20467 2967 20 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 20467 2967 21 for for IN 20467 2967 22 street street NN 20467 2967 23 planting planting NN 20467 2967 24 . . . 20467 2968 1 An an DT 20467 2968 2 attractive attractive JJ 20467 2968 3 tree tree NN 20467 2968 4 when when WRB 20467 2968 5 young young JJ 20467 2968 6 , , , 20467 2968 7 especially especially RB 20467 2968 8 when when WRB 20467 2968 9 laden laden JJ 20467 2968 10 with with IN 20467 2968 11 fruit fruit NN 20467 2968 12 in in IN 20467 2968 13 the the DT 20467 2968 14 fall fall NN 20467 2968 15 . . . 20467 2969 1 There there EX 20467 2969 2 are be VBP 20467 2969 3 several several JJ 20467 2969 4 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 2969 5 varieties variety NNS 20467 2969 6 with with IN 20467 2969 7 colored color VBN 20467 2969 8 foliage foliage NN 20467 2969 9 , , , 20467 2969 10 some some DT 20467 2969 11 of of IN 20467 2969 12 which which WDT 20467 2969 13 are be VBP 20467 2969 14 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 2969 15 offered offer VBN 20467 2969 16 in in IN 20467 2969 17 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 2969 18 . . . 20467 2970 1 A a DT 20467 2970 2 western western JJ 20467 2970 3 form form NN 20467 2970 4 , , , 20467 2970 5 having have VBG 20467 2970 6 the the DT 20467 2970 7 new new JJ 20467 2970 8 growth growth NN 20467 2970 9 covered cover VBN 20467 2970 10 with with IN 20467 2970 11 a a DT 20467 2970 12 glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 2970 13 bloom bloom NN 20467 2970 14 , , , 20467 2970 15 is be VBZ 20467 2970 16 said say VBN 20467 2970 17 to to TO 20467 2970 18 be be VB 20467 2970 19 longer long RBR 20467 2970 20 - - HYPH 20467 2970 21 lived live VBN 20467 2970 22 and and CC 20467 2970 23 more more RBR 20467 2970 24 healthy healthy JJ 20467 2970 25 than than IN 20467 2970 26 the the DT 20467 2970 27 type type NN 20467 2970 28 . . . 20467 2971 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 2971 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 2971 3 : : : 20467 2971 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 2971 5 LXXVII.--Acer lxxvii.--acer NN 20467 2971 6 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 2971 7 . . . 20467 2971 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 2972 1 1 1 LS 20467 2972 2 . . . 20467 2973 1 Winter winter NN 20467 2973 2 buds bud NNS 20467 2973 3 . . . 20467 2974 1 2 2 LS 20467 2974 2 . . . 20467 2975 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2975 2 with with IN 20467 2975 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 2975 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2975 5 . . . 20467 2976 1 3 3 LS 20467 2976 2 . . . 20467 2977 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 2977 2 flower flower NN 20467 2977 3 . . . 20467 2978 1 4 4 LS 20467 2978 2 . . . 20467 2979 1 Branch branch NN 20467 2979 2 with with IN 20467 2979 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 2979 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 2979 5 . . . 20467 2980 1 5 5 CD 20467 2980 2 . . . 20467 2981 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 2981 2 flower flower NN 20467 2981 3 . . . 20467 2982 1 6 6 CD 20467 2982 2 . . . 20467 2983 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 2983 2 branch branch NN 20467 2983 3 . . . 20467 2984 1 TILIACEÆ TILIACEÆ NNS 20467 2984 2 . . . 20467 2985 1 LINDEN LINDEN NNP 20467 2985 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 2985 3 . . . 20467 2986 1 = = NFP 20467 2986 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 2986 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 2986 4 , , , 20467 2986 5 L.= l.= NN 20467 2986 6 BASSWOOD basswood NN 20467 2986 7 . . . 20467 2987 1 LINDEN LINDEN NNP 20467 2987 2 . . . 20467 2988 1 LIME LIME NNP 20467 2988 2 . . . 20467 2989 1 WHITEWOOD whitewood NN 20467 2989 2 . . . 20467 2990 1 = = NFP 20467 2990 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 2990 3 and and CC 20467 2990 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 2990 5 rich rich JJ 20467 2990 6 woods wood NNS 20467 2990 7 and and CC 20467 2990 8 loamy loamy NN 20467 2990 9 soils soil NNS 20467 2990 10 . . . 20467 2991 1 Southern Southern NNP 20467 2991 2 Canada Canada NNP 20467 2991 3 from from IN 20467 2991 4 New New NNP 20467 2991 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 2991 6 to to IN 20467 2991 7 Lake Lake NNP 20467 2991 8 Winnipeg Winnipeg NNP 20467 2991 9 . . . 20467 2992 1 Throughout throughout IN 20467 2992 2 New New NNP 20467 2992 3 England England NNP 20467 2992 4 , , , 20467 2992 5 frequent frequent JJ 20467 2992 6 from from IN 20467 2992 7 the the DT 20467 2992 8 seacoast seacoast NN 20467 2992 9 to to IN 20467 2992 10 altitudes altitude NNS 20467 2992 11 of of IN 20467 2992 12 1000 1000 CD 20467 2992 13 feet foot NNS 20467 2992 14 ; ; , 20467 2992 15 rare rare JJ 20467 2992 16 from from IN 20467 2992 17 1000 1000 CD 20467 2992 18 to to IN 20467 2992 19 2000 2000 CD 20467 2992 20 feet foot NNS 20467 2992 21 . . . 20467 2993 1 South south RB 20467 2993 2 along along IN 20467 2993 3 the the DT 20467 2993 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 2993 5 to to IN 20467 2993 6 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 2993 7 ; ; : 20467 2993 8 west west NN 20467 2993 9 to to IN 20467 2993 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 2993 11 , , , 20467 2993 12 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 2993 13 , , , 20467 2993 14 and and CC 20467 2993 15 Texas Texas NNP 20467 2993 16 . . . 20467 2994 1 = = NFP 20467 2994 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 2994 3 large large JJ 20467 2994 4 tree tree NN 20467 2994 5 , , , 20467 2994 6 5O-75 5o-75 CD 20467 2994 7 feet foot NNS 20467 2994 8 high high JJ 20467 2994 9 , , , 20467 2994 10 rising rise VBG 20467 2994 11 in in IN 20467 2994 12 the the DT 20467 2994 13 upper upper JJ 20467 2994 14 valley valley NN 20467 2994 15 of of IN 20467 2994 16 the the DT 20467 2994 17 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 2994 18 river river NN 20467 2994 19 to to IN 20467 2994 20 the the DT 20467 2994 21 height height NN 20467 2994 22 of of IN 20467 2994 23 100 100 CD 20467 2994 24 feet foot NNS 20467 2994 25 ; ; : 20467 2994 26 trunk trunk NN 20467 2994 27 2 2 CD 20467 2994 28 - - SYM 20467 2994 29 4 4 CD 20467 2994 30 feet foot NNS 20467 2994 31 in in IN 20467 2994 32 diameter diameter NN 20467 2994 33 , , , 20467 2994 34 erect erect NN 20467 2994 35 , , , 20467 2994 36 diminishing diminish VBG 20467 2994 37 but but CC 20467 2994 38 slightly slightly RB 20467 2994 39 to to IN 20467 2994 40 the the DT 20467 2994 41 branching branching NN 20467 2994 42 point point NN 20467 2994 43 ; ; : 20467 2994 44 head head NN 20467 2994 45 , , , 20467 2994 46 in in IN 20467 2994 47 favorable favorable JJ 20467 2994 48 situations situation NNS 20467 2994 49 , , , 20467 2994 50 broadly broadly RB 20467 2994 51 ovate ovate JJ 20467 2994 52 to to IN 20467 2994 53 oval oval NN 20467 2994 54 , , , 20467 2994 55 rather rather RB 20467 2994 56 compact compact JJ 20467 2994 57 , , , 20467 2994 58 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 20467 2994 59 ; ; : 20467 2994 60 branches branch NNS 20467 2994 61 mostly mostly RB 20467 2994 62 straight straight RB 20467 2994 63 , , , 20467 2994 64 striking strike VBG 20467 2994 65 out out RP 20467 2994 66 in in IN 20467 2994 67 different different JJ 20467 2994 68 trees tree NNS 20467 2994 69 at at IN 20467 2994 70 varying vary VBG 20467 2994 71 angles angle NNS 20467 2994 72 ; ; : 20467 2994 73 the the DT 20467 2994 74 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2994 75 secondary secondary JJ 20467 2994 76 branches branch NNS 20467 2994 77 mostly mostly RB 20467 2994 78 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 2994 79 , , , 20467 2994 80 slender slend JJR 20467 2994 81 , , , 20467 2994 82 often often RB 20467 2994 83 drooping droop VBG 20467 2994 84 at at IN 20467 2994 85 the the DT 20467 2994 86 extremities extremity NNS 20467 2994 87 , , , 20467 2994 88 repeatedly repeatedly RB 20467 2994 89 subdividing subdivide VBG 20467 2994 90 , , , 20467 2994 91 forming form VBG 20467 2994 92 a a DT 20467 2994 93 dense dense JJ 20467 2994 94 spray spray NN 20467 2994 95 set set VBN 20467 2994 96 at at IN 20467 2994 97 broad broad JJ 20467 2994 98 angles angle NNS 20467 2994 99 . . . 20467 2995 1 Foliage foliage VB 20467 2995 2 very very RB 20467 2995 3 abundant abundant JJ 20467 2995 4 , , , 20467 2995 5 green green JJ 20467 2995 6 when when WRB 20467 2995 7 fully fully RB 20467 2995 8 grown grow VBN 20467 2995 9 , , , 20467 2995 10 almost almost RB 20467 2995 11 impervious impervious JJ 20467 2995 12 to to IN 20467 2995 13 sunlight sunlight NN 20467 2995 14 ; ; : 20467 2995 15 the the DT 20467 2995 16 small small JJ 20467 2995 17 creamy creamy JJ 20467 2995 18 flowers flower NNS 20467 2995 19 in in IN 20467 2995 20 numerous numerous JJ 20467 2995 21 clusters cluster NNS 20467 2995 22 ; ; : 20467 2995 23 the the DT 20467 2995 24 pale pale JJ 20467 2995 25 , , , 20467 2995 26 odd odd RB 20467 2995 27 - - HYPH 20467 2995 28 shaped shaped JJ 20467 2995 29 bracts bract NNS 20467 2995 30 and and CC 20467 2995 31 pea pea NN 20467 2995 32 - - HYPH 20467 2995 33 like like JJ 20467 2995 34 fruit fruit NN 20467 2995 35 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2995 36 among among IN 20467 2995 37 the the DT 20467 2995 38 leaves leave NNS 20467 2995 39 till till IN 20467 2995 40 late late JJ 20467 2995 41 autumn autumn NN 20467 2995 42 . . . 20467 2996 1 = = NFP 20467 2996 2 Bark.=--Dark Bark.=--Dark NNP 20467 2996 3 gray gray NNP 20467 2996 4 , , , 20467 2996 5 very very RB 20467 2996 6 thick thick JJ 20467 2996 7 , , , 20467 2996 8 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2996 9 in in IN 20467 2996 10 young young JJ 20467 2996 11 trees tree NNS 20467 2996 12 , , , 20467 2996 13 later later RB 20467 2996 14 becoming become VBG 20467 2996 15 broadly broadly RB 20467 2996 16 and and CC 20467 2996 17 firmly firmly RB 20467 2996 18 ridged ridge VBD 20467 2996 19 ; ; : 20467 2996 20 in in IN 20467 2996 21 old old JJ 20467 2996 22 trees tree NNS 20467 2996 23 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 2996 24 furrowed furrow VBN 20467 2996 25 ; ; : 20467 2996 26 branches branch NNS 20467 2996 27 , , , 20467 2996 28 especially especially RB 20467 2996 29 upon upon IN 20467 2996 30 the the DT 20467 2996 31 upper upper JJ 20467 2996 32 side side NN 20467 2996 33 , , , 20467 2996 34 dark dark JJ 20467 2996 35 brown brown NN 20467 2996 36 and and CC 20467 2996 37 blackish blackish NN 20467 2996 38 ; ; : 20467 2996 39 the the DT 20467 2996 40 season season NN 20467 2996 41 's 's POS 20467 2996 42 shoots shoot NNS 20467 2996 43 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 2996 44 - - HYPH 20467 2996 45 green green JJ 20467 2996 46 to to IN 20467 2996 47 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2996 48 - - HYPH 20467 2996 49 brown brown JJ 20467 2996 50 , , , 20467 2996 51 and and CC 20467 2996 52 numerously numerously RB 20467 2996 53 rough rough JJ 20467 2996 54 - - HYPH 20467 2996 55 dotted dotted JJ 20467 2996 56 . . . 20467 2997 1 The the DT 20467 2997 2 inner inner JJ 20467 2997 3 bark bark NN 20467 2997 4 is be VBZ 20467 2997 5 fibrous fibrous JJ 20467 2997 6 and and CC 20467 2997 7 tough tough JJ 20467 2997 8 . . . 20467 2998 1 = = NFP 20467 2998 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 2998 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 2998 4 and and CC 20467 2998 5 Leaves.=--Leaf Leaves.=--Leaf NNP 20467 2998 6 - - HYPH 20467 2998 7 buds bud NNS 20467 2998 8 small small JJ 20467 2998 9 , , , 20467 2998 10 conical conical JJ 20467 2998 11 , , , 20467 2998 12 brownish brownish NNP 20467 2998 13 red red NNP 20467 2998 14 , , , 20467 2998 15 contrasting contrast VBG 20467 2998 16 strongly strongly RB 20467 2998 17 with with IN 20467 2998 18 the the DT 20467 2998 19 dark dark JJ 20467 2998 20 stems stem NNS 20467 2998 21 . . . 20467 2999 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 2999 2 simple simple JJ 20467 2999 3 , , , 20467 2999 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 2999 5 , , , 20467 2999 6 4 4 CD 20467 2999 7 - - SYM 20467 2999 8 5 5 CD 20467 2999 9 inches inch NNS 20467 2999 10 long long JJ 20467 2999 11 , , , 20467 2999 12 three three CD 20467 2999 13 - - HYPH 20467 2999 14 fourths fourth NNS 20467 2999 15 as as IN 20467 2999 16 wide wide JJ 20467 2999 17 , , , 20467 2999 18 green green JJ 20467 2999 19 and and CC 20467 2999 20 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2999 21 on on IN 20467 2999 22 both both DT 20467 2999 23 sides side NNS 20467 2999 24 , , , 20467 2999 25 thickish thickish NN 20467 2999 26 , , , 20467 2999 27 paler paler NN 20467 2999 28 beneath beneath IN 20467 2999 29 , , , 20467 2999 30 broad broad JJ 20467 2999 31 - - HYPH 20467 2999 32 ovate ovate NN 20467 2999 33 , , , 20467 2999 34 one one CD 20467 2999 35 - - HYPH 20467 2999 36 sided sided JJ 20467 2999 37 , , , 20467 2999 38 serrate serrate NNP 20467 2999 39 , , , 20467 2999 40 the the DT 20467 2999 41 point point NN 20467 2999 42 often often RB 20467 2999 43 incurved incurve VBN 20467 2999 44 ; ; : 20467 2999 45 apex apex NNP 20467 2999 46 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 2999 47 or or CC 20467 2999 48 acute acute JJ 20467 2999 49 ; ; : 20467 2999 50 base base JJ 20467 2999 51 heart heart NN 20467 2999 52 - - HYPH 20467 2999 53 shaped shape VBN 20467 2999 54 to to TO 20467 2999 55 truncate truncate VB 20467 2999 56 ; ; : 20467 2999 57 midrib midrib NN 20467 2999 58 and and CC 20467 2999 59 veins vein VBZ 20467 2999 60 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 2999 61 on on IN 20467 2999 62 the the DT 20467 2999 63 under under JJ 20467 2999 64 surface surface NN 20467 2999 65 with with IN 20467 2999 66 minute minute NN 20467 2999 67 , , , 20467 2999 68 reddish reddish JJ 20467 2999 69 tufts tuft NNS 20467 2999 70 of of IN 20467 2999 71 down down RB 20467 2999 72 at at IN 20467 2999 73 the the DT 20467 2999 74 angles angle NNS 20467 2999 75 ; ; , 20467 2999 76 stems stem VBZ 20467 2999 77 smooth smooth JJ 20467 2999 78 , , , 20467 2999 79 1 1 CD 20467 2999 80 - - SYM 20467 2999 81 1 1 CD 20467 2999 82 - - HYPH 20467 2999 83 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 2999 84 inches inch NNS 20467 2999 85 long long RB 20467 2999 86 ; ; : 20467 2999 87 stipules stipule NNS 20467 2999 88 soon soon RB 20467 2999 89 falling fall VBG 20467 2999 90 . . . 20467 3000 1 = = NFP 20467 3000 2 Inflorescence.=--Late Inflorescence.=--Late NNP 20467 3000 3 June June NNP 20467 3000 4 or or CC 20467 3000 5 early early JJ 20467 3000 6 July July NNP 20467 3000 7 . . . 20467 3001 1 In in IN 20467 3001 2 loose loose JJ 20467 3001 3 , , , 20467 3001 4 slightly slightly RB 20467 3001 5 fragrant fragrant JJ 20467 3001 6 , , , 20467 3001 7 drooping droop VBG 20467 3001 8 cymes cyme NNS 20467 3001 9 , , , 20467 3001 10 the the DT 20467 3001 11 peduncle peduncle NN 20467 3001 12 attached attach VBD 20467 3001 13 about about IN 20467 3001 14 half half PDT 20467 3001 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3001 16 length length NN 20467 3001 17 to to IN 20467 3001 18 a a DT 20467 3001 19 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 3001 20 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3001 21 , , , 20467 3001 22 yellowish yellowish NNP 20467 3001 23 bract bract NN 20467 3001 24 , , , 20467 3001 25 obtuse obtuse VBP 20467 3001 26 at at IN 20467 3001 27 both both DT 20467 3001 28 ends end NNS 20467 3001 29 , , , 20467 3001 30 free free JJ 20467 3001 31 at at IN 20467 3001 32 the the DT 20467 3001 33 top top NN 20467 3001 34 , , , 20467 3001 35 and and CC 20467 3001 36 tapering taper VBG 20467 3001 37 slightly slightly RB 20467 3001 38 at at IN 20467 3001 39 the the DT 20467 3001 40 base base NN 20467 3001 41 , , , 20467 3001 42 pedicels pedicel NNS 20467 3001 43 slender slender NN 20467 3001 44 ; ; : 20467 3001 45 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3001 46 of of IN 20467 3001 47 5 5 CD 20467 3001 48 colored color VBN 20467 3001 49 sepals sepal NNS 20467 3001 50 united unite VBN 20467 3001 51 toward toward IN 20467 3001 52 the the DT 20467 3001 53 base base NN 20467 3001 54 ; ; : 20467 3001 55 corolla corolla NNP 20467 3001 56 of of IN 20467 3001 57 5 5 CD 20467 3001 58 petals petal NNS 20467 3001 59 alternate alternate JJ 20467 3001 60 with with IN 20467 3001 61 the the DT 20467 3001 62 sepals sepal NNS 20467 3001 63 , , , 20467 3001 64 often often RB 20467 3001 65 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 3001 66 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3001 67 at at IN 20467 3001 68 the the DT 20467 3001 69 apex apex NN 20467 3001 70 ; ; : 20467 3001 71 5 5 CD 20467 3001 72 petal petal JJ 20467 3001 73 - - HYPH 20467 3001 74 like like JJ 20467 3001 75 scales scale NNS 20467 3001 76 in in IN 20467 3001 77 front front NN 20467 3001 78 of of IN 20467 3001 79 the the DT 20467 3001 80 petals petal NNS 20467 3001 81 and and CC 20467 3001 82 nearly nearly RB 20467 3001 83 as as RB 20467 3001 84 long long JJ 20467 3001 85 ; ; : 20467 3001 86 calyx calyx NN 20467 3001 87 , , , 20467 3001 88 petals petal NNS 20467 3001 89 , , , 20467 3001 90 and and CC 20467 3001 91 scales scale VBZ 20467 3001 92 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 3001 93 - - HYPH 20467 3001 94 white white JJ 20467 3001 95 ; ; : 20467 3001 96 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 3001 97 indefinite indefinite NNP 20467 3001 98 , , , 20467 3001 99 mostly mostly RB 20467 3001 100 in in IN 20467 3001 101 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3001 102 inserted insert VBN 20467 3001 103 with with IN 20467 3001 104 the the DT 20467 3001 105 scales scale NNS 20467 3001 106 ; ; : 20467 3001 107 anthers anther NNS 20467 3001 108 2-celled 2-celled CD 20467 3001 109 , , , 20467 3001 110 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3001 111 5-celled 5-celled CD 20467 3001 112 ; ; : 20467 3001 113 style style NN 20467 3001 114 1 1 CD 20467 3001 115 ; ; : 20467 3001 116 stigma stigma NNP 20467 3001 117 5-toothed 5-toothed CD 20467 3001 118 . . . 20467 3002 1 = = NFP 20467 3002 2 Fruit.=--About Fruit.=--About `` 20467 3002 3 the the DT 20467 3002 4 size size NN 20467 3002 5 of of IN 20467 3002 6 a a DT 20467 3002 7 pea pea NN 20467 3002 8 , , , 20467 3002 9 woody woody NN 20467 3002 10 , , , 20467 3002 11 globose globose NN 20467 3002 12 , , , 20467 3002 13 pale pale JJ 20467 3002 14 green green NN 20467 3002 15 , , , 20467 3002 16 1-celled 1-celled CD 20467 3002 17 by by IN 20467 3002 18 abortion abortion NN 20467 3002 19 : : : 20467 3002 20 1 1 CD 20467 3002 21 - - SYM 20467 3002 22 2 2 CD 20467 3002 23 seeds seed NNS 20467 3002 24 . . . 20467 3003 1 = = NFP 20467 3003 2 Horticultural Horticultural NNP 20467 3003 3 Value.=--Useful Value.=--Useful NNP 20467 3003 4 as as IN 20467 3003 5 an an DT 20467 3003 6 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 3003 7 or or CC 20467 3003 8 street street NN 20467 3003 9 tree tree NN 20467 3003 10 ; ; : 20467 3003 11 hardy hardy JJ 20467 3003 12 throughout throughout IN 20467 3003 13 New New NNP 20467 3003 14 England England NNP 20467 3003 15 , , , 20467 3003 16 easily easily RB 20467 3003 17 transplanted transplant VBD 20467 3003 18 , , , 20467 3003 19 and and CC 20467 3003 20 grows grow VBZ 20467 3003 21 rapidly rapidly RB 20467 3003 22 in in IN 20467 3003 23 almost almost RB 20467 3003 24 any any DT 20467 3003 25 well well RB 20467 3003 26 - - HYPH 20467 3003 27 drained drain VBN 20467 3003 28 soil soil NN 20467 3003 29 ; ; : 20467 3003 30 comes come VBZ 20467 3003 31 into into IN 20467 3003 32 leaf leaf NN 20467 3003 33 late late RB 20467 3003 34 and and CC 20467 3003 35 drops drop VBZ 20467 3003 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3003 37 foliage foliage NN 20467 3003 38 in in IN 20467 3003 39 early early JJ 20467 3003 40 fall fall NN 20467 3003 41 . . . 20467 3004 1 The the DT 20467 3004 2 European european JJ 20467 3004 3 species specie NNS 20467 3004 4 are be VBP 20467 3004 5 more more RBR 20467 3004 6 common common JJ 20467 3004 7 in in IN 20467 3004 8 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3004 9 . . . 20467 3005 1 They -PRON- PRP 20467 3005 2 are be VBP 20467 3005 3 , , , 20467 3005 4 however however RB 20467 3005 5 , , , 20467 3005 6 seriously seriously RB 20467 3005 7 affected affect VBN 20467 3005 8 by by IN 20467 3005 9 wood wood NN 20467 3005 10 borers borer NNS 20467 3005 11 , , , 20467 3005 12 while while IN 20467 3005 13 the the DT 20467 3005 14 native native JJ 20467 3005 15 tree tree NN 20467 3005 16 has have VBZ 20467 3005 17 few few JJ 20467 3005 18 disfiguring disfigure VBG 20467 3005 19 insect insect JJ 20467 3005 20 enemies enemy NNS 20467 3005 21 . . . 20467 3006 1 Usually usually RB 20467 3006 2 propagated propagate VBN 20467 3006 3 from from IN 20467 3006 4 the the DT 20467 3006 5 seed seed NN 20467 3006 6 . . . 20467 3007 1 A a DT 20467 3007 2 horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3007 3 form form NN 20467 3007 4 with with IN 20467 3007 5 weeping weeping NN 20467 3007 6 branches branch NNS 20467 3007 7 is be VBZ 20467 3007 8 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3007 9 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 3007 10 . . . 20467 3008 1 = = NFP 20467 3008 2 Note.=--There Note.=--There NNP 20467 3008 3 is be VBZ 20467 3008 4 so so RB 20467 3008 5 close close JJ 20467 3008 6 a a DT 20467 3008 7 resemblance resemblance NN 20467 3008 8 between between IN 20467 3008 9 the the DT 20467 3008 10 lindens linden NNS 20467 3008 11 that that IN 20467 3008 12 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3008 13 is be VBZ 20467 3008 14 difficult difficult JJ 20467 3008 15 to to TO 20467 3008 16 distinguish distinguish VB 20467 3008 17 the the DT 20467 3008 18 American american JJ 20467 3008 19 species specie NNS 20467 3008 20 from from IN 20467 3008 21 each each DT 20467 3008 22 other other JJ 20467 3008 23 , , , 20467 3008 24 or or CC 20467 3008 25 from from IN 20467 3008 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3008 27 European european JJ 20467 3008 28 relatives relative NNS 20467 3008 29 . . . 20467 3009 1 American american JJ 20467 3009 2 species specie NNS 20467 3009 3 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3009 4 found find VBN 20467 3009 5 in in IN 20467 3009 6 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 3009 7 : : : 20467 3009 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3009 9 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3009 10 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 3009 11 , , , 20467 3009 12 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3009 13 . . . 20467 3009 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3009 15 , , , 20467 3009 16 is be VBZ 20467 3009 17 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 3009 18 from from IN 20467 3009 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3009 20 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3009 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3009 22 by by IN 20467 3009 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3009 24 smaller small JJR 20467 3009 25 , , , 20467 3009 26 thinner thin JJR 20467 3009 27 leaves leave NNS 20467 3009 28 and and CC 20467 3009 29 densely densely RB 20467 3009 30 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 3009 31 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3009 32 . . . 20467 3010 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3010 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3010 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3010 4 , , , 20467 3010 5 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3010 6 . . . 20467 3010 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3010 8 , , , 20467 3010 9 is be VBZ 20467 3010 10 easily easily RB 20467 3010 11 recognized recognize VBN 20467 3010 12 by by IN 20467 3010 13 the the DT 20467 3010 14 pale pale JJ 20467 3010 15 or or CC 20467 3010 16 silver silver NN 20467 3010 17 white white JJ 20467 3010 18 under under IN 20467 3010 19 - - HYPH 20467 3010 20 surface surface NN 20467 3010 21 of of IN 20467 3010 22 the the DT 20467 3010 23 leaves leave NNS 20467 3010 24 . . . 20467 3011 1 There there EX 20467 3011 2 are be VBP 20467 3011 3 several several JJ 20467 3011 4 European european JJ 20467 3011 5 species specie NNS 20467 3011 6 more more RBR 20467 3011 7 or or CC 20467 3011 8 less less RBR 20467 3011 9 common common JJ 20467 3011 10 in in IN 20467 3011 11 cultivation cultivation NN 20467 3011 12 , , , 20467 3011 13 indiscriminately indiscriminately RB 20467 3011 14 known know VBN 20467 3011 15 in in IN 20467 3011 16 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3011 17 as as IN 20467 3011 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3011 19 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3011 20 Europæa Europæa NNP 20467 3011 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3011 22 . . . 20467 3012 1 They -PRON- PRP 20467 3012 2 are be VBP 20467 3012 3 all all RB 20467 3012 4 easily easily RB 20467 3012 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 3012 6 from from IN 20467 3012 7 the the DT 20467 3012 8 American american JJ 20467 3012 9 species specie NNS 20467 3012 10 by by IN 20467 3012 11 the the DT 20467 3012 12 absence absence NN 20467 3012 13 of of IN 20467 3012 14 petal petal JJ 20467 3012 15 - - HYPH 20467 3012 16 like like JJ 20467 3012 17 scales scale NNS 20467 3012 18 . . . 20467 3013 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3013 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3013 3 : : : 20467 3013 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3013 5 LXXVIII.--Tilia LXXVIII.--Tilia NNP 20467 3013 6 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3013 7 . . . 20467 3013 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3014 1 1 1 LS 20467 3014 2 . . . 20467 3015 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3015 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3015 3 . . . 20467 3016 1 2 2 LS 20467 3016 2 . . . 20467 3017 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 3017 2 branch branch NN 20467 3017 3 . . . 20467 3018 1 3 3 LS 20467 3018 2 . . . 20467 3019 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3019 2 enlarged enlarge VBD 20467 3019 3 . . . 20467 3020 1 4 4 LS 20467 3020 2 . . . 20467 3021 1 Pistil pistil NN 20467 3021 2 with with IN 20467 3021 3 cluster cluster NN 20467 3021 4 of of IN 20467 3021 5 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3021 6 , , , 20467 3021 7 petaloid petaloid JJ 20467 3021 8 scale scale NN 20467 3021 9 , , , 20467 3021 10 petal petal JJ 20467 3021 11 , , , 20467 3021 12 and and CC 20467 3021 13 sepal sepal NN 20467 3021 14 . . . 20467 3022 1 5 5 CD 20467 3022 2 . . . 20467 3023 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3023 2 branch branch NN 20467 3023 3 . . . 20467 3024 1 CORNACEÆ CORNACEÆ NNP 20467 3024 2 . . . 20467 3025 1 DOGWOOD DOGWOOD NNP 20467 3025 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 3025 3 . . . 20467 3026 1 = = NFP 20467 3026 2 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3026 3 florida florida NNP 20467 3026 4 , , , 20467 3026 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 3026 6 FLOWERING flower VBG 20467 3026 7 DOGWOOD dogwood NN 20467 3026 8 . . . 20467 3027 1 BOXWOOD boxwood PRP 20467 3027 2 . . . 20467 3028 1 = = NFP 20467 3028 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3028 3 and and CC 20467 3028 4 Range.=--Woodlands range.=--woodland NNS 20467 3028 5 , , , 20467 3028 6 rocky rocky NNP 20467 3028 7 hillsides hillsides NNP 20467 3028 8 , , , 20467 3028 9 moist moist NN 20467 3028 10 , , , 20467 3028 11 gravelly gravelly RB 20467 3028 12 ridges ridge NNS 20467 3028 13 . . . 20467 3029 1 Provinces province NNS 20467 3029 2 of of IN 20467 3029 3 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 3029 4 and and CC 20467 3029 5 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 3029 6 . . . 20467 3030 1 Maine,--Fayette Maine,--Fayette NNP 20467 3030 2 Ridge Ridge NNP 20467 3030 3 , , , 20467 3030 4 Kennebec Kennebec NNP 20467 3030 5 county county NN 20467 3030 6 ; ; : 20467 3030 7 New New NNP 20467 3030 8 Hampshire,--along Hampshire,--along NNP 20467 3030 9 the the DT 20467 3030 10 Atlantic atlantic JJ 20467 3030 11 coast coast NN 20467 3030 12 and and CC 20467 3030 13 very very RB 20467 3030 14 near near IN 20467 3030 15 the the DT 20467 3030 16 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 3030 17 river river NN 20467 3030 18 , , , 20467 3030 19 rarely rarely RB 20467 3030 20 farther far RBR 20467 3030 21 north north RB 20467 3030 22 than than IN 20467 3030 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3030 24 junction junction NN 20467 3030 25 with with IN 20467 3030 26 the the DT 20467 3030 27 West West NNP 20467 3030 28 river river NNP 20467 3030 29 ; ; : 20467 3030 30 Vermont,--southern vermont,--southern JJ 20467 3030 31 and and CC 20467 3030 32 southwestern southwestern JJ 20467 3030 33 sections section NNS 20467 3030 34 , , , 20467 3030 35 rare rare JJ 20467 3030 36 ; ; : 20467 3030 37 Massachusetts,--occasional Massachusetts,--occasional NNP 20467 3030 38 throughout throughout IN 20467 3030 39 the the DT 20467 3030 40 state state NN 20467 3030 41 , , , 20467 3030 42 common common JJ 20467 3030 43 in in IN 20467 3030 44 the the DT 20467 3030 45 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 3030 46 river river NN 20467 3030 47 valley valley NNP 20467 3030 48 , , , 20467 3030 49 frequent frequent JJ 20467 3030 50 eastward eastward RB 20467 3030 51 ; ; : 20467 3030 52 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 3030 53 Island Island NNP 20467 3030 54 and and CC 20467 3030 55 Connecticut,--common Connecticut,--common NNP 20467 3030 56 . . . 20467 3031 1 South south RB 20467 3031 2 to to IN 20467 3031 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 3031 4 ; ; : 20467 3031 5 west west NN 20467 3031 6 to to IN 20467 3031 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 3031 8 and and CC 20467 3031 9 Texas Texas NNP 20467 3031 10 . . . 20467 3032 1 = = NFP 20467 3032 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 3032 3 small small JJ 20467 3032 4 tree tree NN 20467 3032 5 , , , 20467 3032 6 15 15 CD 20467 3032 7 - - SYM 20467 3032 8 30 30 CD 20467 3032 9 feet foot NNS 20467 3032 10 high high JJ 20467 3032 11 , , , 20467 3032 12 with with IN 20467 3032 13 a a DT 20467 3032 14 trunk trunk NN 20467 3032 15 diameter diameter NN 20467 3032 16 of of IN 20467 3032 17 6 6 CD 20467 3032 18 - - SYM 20467 3032 19 10 10 CD 20467 3032 20 inches inch NNS 20467 3032 21 . . . 20467 3033 1 The the DT 20467 3033 2 spreading spread VBG 20467 3033 3 branches branch NNS 20467 3033 4 form form VBP 20467 3033 5 an an DT 20467 3033 6 open open JJ 20467 3033 7 , , , 20467 3033 8 roundish roundish JJ 20467 3033 9 head head NN 20467 3033 10 , , , 20467 3033 11 the the DT 20467 3033 12 young young JJ 20467 3033 13 twigs twig NNS 20467 3033 14 curving curve VBG 20467 3033 15 upwards upwards RB 20467 3033 16 at at IN 20467 3033 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3033 18 extremities extremity NNS 20467 3033 19 . . . 20467 3034 1 In in IN 20467 3034 2 spring spring NN 20467 3034 3 , , , 20467 3034 4 when when WRB 20467 3034 5 decked deck VBN 20467 3034 6 with with IN 20467 3034 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3034 8 abundant abundant JJ 20467 3034 9 , , , 20467 3034 10 showy showy JJ 20467 3034 11 white white JJ 20467 3034 12 blossoms blossom NNS 20467 3034 13 , , , 20467 3034 14 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3034 15 is be VBZ 20467 3034 16 the the DT 20467 3034 17 fairest fair JJS 20467 3034 18 of of IN 20467 3034 19 the the DT 20467 3034 20 minor minor JJ 20467 3034 21 trees tree NNS 20467 3034 22 of of IN 20467 3034 23 the the DT 20467 3034 24 forest forest NN 20467 3034 25 ; ; : 20467 3034 26 in in IN 20467 3034 27 autumn autumn NN 20467 3034 28 , , , 20467 3034 29 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 3034 30 less less RBR 20467 3034 31 beautiful beautiful JJ 20467 3034 32 in in IN 20467 3034 33 the the DT 20467 3034 34 rich rich JJ 20467 3034 35 reds red NNS 20467 3034 36 of of IN 20467 3034 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3034 38 foliage foliage NN 20467 3034 39 and and CC 20467 3034 40 fruit fruit NN 20467 3034 41 . . . 20467 3035 1 = = NFP 20467 3035 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 3035 3 of of IN 20467 3035 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 3035 5 in in IN 20467 3035 6 old old JJ 20467 3035 7 trees tree NNS 20467 3035 8 blackish blackish VBP 20467 3035 9 , , , 20467 3035 10 broken break VBN 20467 3035 11 - - HYPH 20467 3035 12 ridged ridged JJ 20467 3035 13 , , , 20467 3035 14 rough rough JJ 20467 3035 15 , , , 20467 3035 16 often often RB 20467 3035 17 separating separate VBG 20467 3035 18 into into IN 20467 3035 19 small small JJ 20467 3035 20 , , , 20467 3035 21 firm firm JJ 20467 3035 22 , , , 20467 3035 23 4-angled 4-angled CD 20467 3035 24 or or CC 20467 3035 25 roundish roundish JJ 20467 3035 26 plates plate NNS 20467 3035 27 ; ; : 20467 3035 28 branches branch NNS 20467 3035 29 grayish grayish NNP 20467 3035 30 , , , 20467 3035 31 streaked streak VBN 20467 3035 32 with with IN 20467 3035 33 white white JJ 20467 3035 34 lines line NNS 20467 3035 35 ; ; : 20467 3035 36 season season NN 20467 3035 37 's 's POS 20467 3035 38 twigs twigs NNP 20467 3035 39 purplish purplish JJ 20467 3035 40 - - HYPH 20467 3035 41 green green JJ 20467 3035 42 , , , 20467 3035 43 downy downy JJ 20467 3035 44 ; ; : 20467 3035 45 taste taste NN 20467 3035 46 bitter bitter JJ 20467 3035 47 . . . 20467 3036 1 = = NFP 20467 3036 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3036 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3036 4 and and CC 20467 3036 5 Leaves.=--Terminal Leaves.=--Terminal : 20467 3036 6 leaf leaf NN 20467 3036 7 - - HYPH 20467 3036 8 buds bud NNS 20467 3036 9 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 3036 10 conical conical JJ 20467 3036 11 , , , 20467 3036 12 acute acute JJ 20467 3036 13 ; ; : 20467 3036 14 flower flower NN 20467 3036 15 - - HYPH 20467 3036 16 buds bud NNS 20467 3036 17 spherical spherical JJ 20467 3036 18 or or CC 20467 3036 19 vertically vertically RB 20467 3036 20 flattened flattened JJ 20467 3036 21 , , , 20467 3036 22 grayish grayish NN 20467 3036 23 . . . 20467 3037 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 3037 2 simple simple JJ 20467 3037 3 , , , 20467 3037 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3037 5 , , , 20467 3037 6 3 3 CD 20467 3037 7 - - SYM 20467 3037 8 5 5 CD 20467 3037 9 inches inch NNS 20467 3037 10 long long JJ 20467 3037 11 , , , 20467 3037 12 two two CD 20467 3037 13 - - HYPH 20467 3037 14 thirds third NNS 20467 3037 15 as as IN 20467 3037 16 wide wide JJ 20467 3037 17 , , , 20467 3037 18 dark dark JJ 20467 3037 19 green green NN 20467 3037 20 above above RB 20467 3037 21 , , , 20467 3037 22 whitish whitish NNP 20467 3037 23 beneath beneath NNP 20467 3037 24 , , , 20467 3037 25 turning turn VBG 20467 3037 26 to to IN 20467 3037 27 reds red NNS 20467 3037 28 , , , 20467 3037 29 purples purple NNS 20467 3037 30 , , , 20467 3037 31 and and CC 20467 3037 32 yellows yellow VBZ 20467 3037 33 in in IN 20467 3037 34 the the DT 20467 3037 35 autumn autumn NN 20467 3037 36 , , , 20467 3037 37 ovate ovate JJ 20467 3037 38 to to IN 20467 3037 39 oval oval NN 20467 3037 40 , , , 20467 3037 41 nearly nearly RB 20467 3037 42 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3037 43 , , , 20467 3037 44 with with IN 20467 3037 45 minute minute JJ 20467 3037 46 appressed appresse VBN 20467 3037 47 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 3037 48 on on IN 20467 3037 49 both both DT 20467 3037 50 surfaces surface NNS 20467 3037 51 ; ; : 20467 3037 52 apex apex NNP 20467 3037 53 pointed point VBD 20467 3037 54 ; ; : 20467 3037 55 base base NNP 20467 3037 56 acutish acutish NN 20467 3037 57 ; ; : 20467 3037 58 veins vein NNS 20467 3037 59 distinctly distinctly RB 20467 3037 60 indented indent VBD 20467 3037 61 above above RB 20467 3037 62 , , , 20467 3037 63 ribs rib NNS 20467 3037 64 curving curve VBG 20467 3037 65 upward upward RB 20467 3037 66 and and CC 20467 3037 67 parallel parallel JJ 20467 3037 68 ; ; : 20467 3037 69 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 3037 70 short short JJ 20467 3037 71 - - HYPH 20467 3037 72 grooved grooved JJ 20467 3037 73 . . . 20467 3038 1 = = NFP 20467 3038 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may NN 20467 3038 3 to to IN 20467 3038 4 June June NNP 20467 3038 5 . . . 20467 3039 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 3039 2 with with IN 20467 3039 3 the the DT 20467 3039 4 unfolding unfold VBG 20467 3039 5 leaves leave NNS 20467 3039 6 in in IN 20467 3039 7 close close JJ 20467 3039 8 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3039 9 at at IN 20467 3039 10 the the DT 20467 3039 11 ends end NNS 20467 3039 12 of of IN 20467 3039 13 the the DT 20467 3039 14 branches branch NNS 20467 3039 15 , , , 20467 3039 16 each each DT 20467 3039 17 cluster cluster NN 20467 3039 18 subtended subtend VBD 20467 3039 19 by by IN 20467 3039 20 a a DT 20467 3039 21 very very RB 20467 3039 22 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 3039 23 4-leafed 4-leafed CD 20467 3039 24 involucre involucre NN 20467 3039 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3039 26 often often RB 20467 3039 27 mistaken mistaken JJ 20467 3039 28 for for IN 20467 3039 29 the the DT 20467 3039 30 corolla corolla NN 20467 3039 31 and and CC 20467 3039 32 constituting constitute VBG 20467 3039 33 all all PDT 20467 3039 34 the the DT 20467 3039 35 beauty beauty NN 20467 3039 36 of of IN 20467 3039 37 the the DT 20467 3039 38 blossom blossom NN 20467 3039 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3039 40 , , , 20467 3039 41 the the DT 20467 3039 42 leaves leave NNS 20467 3039 43 of of IN 20467 3039 44 which which WDT 20467 3039 45 are be VBP 20467 3039 46 white white JJ 20467 3039 47 or or CC 20467 3039 48 pinkish pinkish JJ 20467 3039 49 , , , 20467 3039 50 1 1 CD 20467 3039 51 - - SYM 20467 3039 52 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3039 53 inches inch NNS 20467 3039 54 long long JJ 20467 3039 55 , , , 20467 3039 56 obovate obovate NNP 20467 3039 57 , , , 20467 3039 58 curiously curiously RB 20467 3039 59 notched notch VBN 20467 3039 60 at at IN 20467 3039 61 the the DT 20467 3039 62 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3039 63 end end NN 20467 3039 64 . . . 20467 3040 1 The the DT 20467 3040 2 real real JJ 20467 3040 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 3040 4 are be VBP 20467 3040 5 insignificant insignificant JJ 20467 3040 6 , , , 20467 3040 7 suggesting suggest VBG 20467 3040 8 the the DT 20467 3040 9 tubular tubular JJ 20467 3040 10 disk disk NN 20467 3040 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 3040 12 of of IN 20467 3040 13 the the DT 20467 3040 14 Compositæ Compositæ NNP 20467 3040 15 ; ; : 20467 3040 16 calyx calyx NN 20467 3040 17 - - HYPH 20467 3040 18 tube tube NN 20467 3040 19 coherent coherent NN 20467 3040 20 with with IN 20467 3040 21 the the DT 20467 3040 22 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3040 23 , , , 20467 3040 24 surmounting surmount VBG 20467 3040 25 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3040 26 by by IN 20467 3040 27 4 4 CD 20467 3040 28 small small JJ 20467 3040 29 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3040 30 ; ; : 20467 3040 31 petals petal NNS 20467 3040 32 greenish greenish NNP 20467 3040 33 - - HYPH 20467 3040 34 yellow yellow JJ 20467 3040 35 , , , 20467 3040 36 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3040 37 , , , 20467 3040 38 reflexed reflexe VBD 20467 3040 39 ; ; , 20467 3040 40 stamens stamens NNP 20467 3040 41 4 4 CD 20467 3040 42 ; ; , 20467 3040 43 pistil pistil NN 20467 3040 44 with with IN 20467 3040 45 capitate capitate NN 20467 3040 46 style style NN 20467 3040 47 . . . 20467 3041 1 = = NFP 20467 3041 2 Fruit.=--Ovoid Fruit.=--Ovoid `` 20467 3041 3 , , , 20467 3041 4 scarlet scarlet JJ 20467 3041 5 drupes drupe NNS 20467 3041 6 , , , 20467 3041 7 about about RB 20467 3041 8 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3041 9 inch inch NN 20467 3041 10 long long JJ 20467 3041 11 , , , 20467 3041 12 united unite VBN 20467 3041 13 in in IN 20467 3041 14 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3041 15 , , , 20467 3041 16 persistent persistent JJ 20467 3041 17 till till IN 20467 3041 18 late late JJ 20467 3041 19 autumn autumn NN 20467 3041 20 or or CC 20467 3041 21 till till IN 20467 3041 22 eaten eat VBN 20467 3041 23 by by IN 20467 3041 24 the the DT 20467 3041 25 birds bird NNS 20467 3041 26 . . . 20467 3042 1 = = NFP 20467 3042 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3042 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3042 4 in in IN 20467 3042 5 southern southern JJ 20467 3042 6 and and CC 20467 3042 7 southern southern JJ 20467 3042 8 - - HYPH 20467 3042 9 central central JJ 20467 3042 10 New New NNP 20467 3042 11 England England NNP 20467 3042 12 , , , 20467 3042 13 but but CC 20467 3042 14 liable liable JJ 20467 3042 15 farther farth JJR 20467 3042 16 north north NN 20467 3042 17 to to TO 20467 3042 18 be be VB 20467 3042 19 killed kill VBN 20467 3042 20 outright outright RB 20467 3042 21 or or CC 20467 3042 22 as as RB 20467 3042 23 far far RB 20467 3042 24 down down RB 20467 3042 25 as as IN 20467 3042 26 the the DT 20467 3042 27 surface surface NN 20467 3042 28 of of IN 20467 3042 29 the the DT 20467 3042 30 snow snow NN 20467 3042 31 ; ; : 20467 3042 32 not not RB 20467 3042 33 only only RB 20467 3042 34 one one CD 20467 3042 35 of of IN 20467 3042 36 the the DT 20467 3042 37 most most RBS 20467 3042 38 attractive attractive JJ 20467 3042 39 small small JJ 20467 3042 40 trees tree NNS 20467 3042 41 on on IN 20467 3042 42 account account NN 20467 3042 43 of of IN 20467 3042 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3042 45 flowers flower NNS 20467 3042 46 , , , 20467 3042 47 habit habit NN 20467 3042 48 , , , 20467 3042 49 and and CC 20467 3042 50 foliage foliage NN 20467 3042 51 , , , 20467 3042 52 but but CC 20467 3042 53 one one CD 20467 3042 54 of of IN 20467 3042 55 the the DT 20467 3042 56 most most RBS 20467 3042 57 useful useful JJ 20467 3042 58 for for IN 20467 3042 59 shady shady JJ 20467 3042 60 places place NNS 20467 3042 61 or or CC 20467 3042 62 under under IN 20467 3042 63 tall tall JJ 20467 3042 64 trees tree NNS 20467 3042 65 . . . 20467 3043 1 The the DT 20467 3043 2 species specie NNS 20467 3043 3 , , , 20467 3043 4 a a DT 20467 3043 5 red red JJ 20467 3043 6 - - HYPH 20467 3043 7 flowering flowering NN 20467 3043 8 and and CC 20467 3043 9 also also RB 20467 3043 10 a a DT 20467 3043 11 weeping weeping NN 20467 3043 12 variety variety NN 20467 3043 13 are be VBP 20467 3043 14 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 3043 15 in in IN 20467 3043 16 leading lead VBG 20467 3043 17 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3043 18 . . . 20467 3044 1 Collected collect VBN 20467 3044 2 plants plant NNS 20467 3044 3 can can MD 20467 3044 4 be be VB 20467 3044 5 made make VBN 20467 3044 6 to to TO 20467 3044 7 succeed succeed VB 20467 3044 8 . . . 20467 3045 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 3045 2 is be VBZ 20467 3045 3 a a DT 20467 3045 4 plant plant NN 20467 3045 5 of of IN 20467 3045 6 rather rather RB 20467 3045 7 slow slow JJ 20467 3045 8 growth growth NN 20467 3045 9 . . . 20467 3046 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3046 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3046 3 : : : 20467 3046 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3046 5 LXXIX.--Cornus LXXIX.--Cornus NNP 20467 3046 6 florida florida NNP 20467 3046 7 . . . 20467 3046 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3047 1 1 1 LS 20467 3047 2 . . . 20467 3048 1 Leaf leaf NN 20467 3048 2 - - HYPH 20467 3048 3 buds bud NNS 20467 3048 4 . . . 20467 3049 1 2 2 LS 20467 3049 2 . . . 20467 3050 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3050 2 - - HYPH 20467 3050 3 buds bud NNS 20467 3050 4 . . . 20467 3051 1 3 3 LS 20467 3051 2 . . . 20467 3052 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 3052 2 branch branch NN 20467 3052 3 . . . 20467 3053 1 4 4 LS 20467 3053 2 . . . 20467 3054 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3054 2 . . . 20467 3055 1 5 5 CD 20467 3055 2 . . . 20467 3056 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3056 2 branch branch NN 20467 3056 3 . . . 20467 3057 1 = = NFP 20467 3057 2 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3057 3 alternifolia alternifolia NN 20467 3057 4 , , , 20467 3057 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3057 6 f.= f.= NNP 20467 3057 7 DOGWOOD DOGWOOD NNP 20467 3057 8 . . . 20467 3058 1 GREEN green JJ 20467 3058 2 OSIER OSIER VBN 20467 3058 3 . . . 20467 3059 1 = = NFP 20467 3059 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3059 3 and and CC 20467 3059 4 Range.=--Hillsides range.=--hillside NNS 20467 3059 5 , , , 20467 3059 6 open open JJ 20467 3059 7 woods wood NNS 20467 3059 8 and and CC 20467 3059 9 copses copse NNS 20467 3059 10 , , , 20467 3059 11 borders border NNS 20467 3059 12 of of IN 20467 3059 13 streams stream NNS 20467 3059 14 and and CC 20467 3059 15 swamps swamp NNS 20467 3059 16 . . . 20467 3060 1 Nova Nova NNP 20467 3060 2 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 3060 3 and and CC 20467 3060 4 New New NNP 20467 3060 5 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 3060 6 along along IN 20467 3060 7 the the DT 20467 3060 8 valley valley NN 20467 3060 9 of of IN 20467 3060 10 the the DT 20467 3060 11 St. St. NNP 20467 3060 12 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 20467 3060 13 river river NNP 20467 3060 14 to to IN 20467 3060 15 the the DT 20467 3060 16 western western JJ 20467 3060 17 shores shore NNS 20467 3060 18 of of IN 20467 3060 19 Lake Lake NNP 20467 3060 20 Superior Superior NNP 20467 3060 21 . . . 20467 3061 1 Common common JJ 20467 3061 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 3061 3 New New NNP 20467 3061 4 England England NNP 20467 3061 5 . . . 20467 3062 1 South south RB 20467 3062 2 to to IN 20467 3062 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 3062 4 and and CC 20467 3062 5 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 3062 6 ; ; : 20467 3062 7 west west NN 20467 3062 8 to to IN 20467 3062 9 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 3062 10 . . . 20467 3063 1 = = NFP 20467 3063 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A JJS 20467 3063 3 shrub shrub JJ 20467 3063 4 or or CC 20467 3063 5 small small JJ 20467 3063 6 tree tree NN 20467 3063 7 , , , 20467 3063 8 6 6 CD 20467 3063 9 - - SYM 20467 3063 10 20 20 CD 20467 3063 11 feet foot NNS 20467 3063 12 high high JJ 20467 3063 13 , , , 20467 3063 14 trunk trunk JJ 20467 3063 15 diameter diameter NN 20467 3063 16 3 3 CD 20467 3063 17 - - SYM 20467 3063 18 6 6 CD 20467 3063 19 inches inch NNS 20467 3063 20 ; ; : 20467 3063 21 head head VB 20467 3063 22 usually usually RB 20467 3063 23 widest wide JJS 20467 3063 24 near near IN 20467 3063 25 the the DT 20467 3063 26 top top JJ 20467 3063 27 , , , 20467 3063 28 flat flat JJ 20467 3063 29 ; ; : 20467 3063 30 branches branch NNS 20467 3063 31 nearly nearly RB 20467 3063 32 horizontal horizontal VBP 20467 3063 33 with with IN 20467 3063 34 lateral lateral JJ 20467 3063 35 spray spray NN 20467 3063 36 , , , 20467 3063 37 the the DT 20467 3063 38 lively lively JJ 20467 3063 39 green green JJ 20467 3063 40 , , , 20467 3063 41 dense dense JJ 20467 3063 42 foliage foliage NN 20467 3063 43 lying lie VBG 20467 3063 44 in in IN 20467 3063 45 broad broad JJ 20467 3063 46 planes plane NNS 20467 3063 47 . . . 20467 3064 1 = = NFP 20467 3064 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 3064 3 and and CC 20467 3064 4 larger large JJR 20467 3064 5 branches branch NNS 20467 3064 6 greenish greenish JJ 20467 3064 7 , , , 20467 3064 8 warty warty NNP 20467 3064 9 , , , 20467 3064 10 streaked streak VBN 20467 3064 11 with with IN 20467 3064 12 gray gray JJ 20467 3064 13 ; ; : 20467 3064 14 season season NN 20467 3064 15 's 's POS 20467 3064 16 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3064 17 bright bright JJ 20467 3064 18 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 3064 19 - - HYPH 20467 3064 20 green green JJ 20467 3064 21 or or CC 20467 3064 22 purplish purplish JJ 20467 3064 23 , , , 20467 3064 24 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3064 25 - - HYPH 20467 3064 26 dotted dotted JJ 20467 3064 27 . . . 20467 3065 1 = = NFP 20467 3065 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3065 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3065 4 and and CC 20467 3065 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 3065 6 small small JJ 20467 3065 7 , , , 20467 3065 8 acute acute JJ 20467 3065 9 . . . 20467 3066 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 3066 2 simple simple JJ 20467 3066 3 , , , 20467 3066 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 3066 5 or or CC 20467 3066 6 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3066 7 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3066 8 , , , 20467 3066 9 clustered cluster VBN 20467 3066 10 at at IN 20467 3066 11 the the DT 20467 3066 12 ends end NNS 20467 3066 13 of of IN 20467 3066 14 the the DT 20467 3066 15 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 3066 16 , , , 20467 3066 17 2 2 CD 20467 3066 18 - - SYM 20467 3066 19 4 4 CD 20467 3066 20 inches inch NNS 20467 3066 21 long long JJ 20467 3066 22 , , , 20467 3066 23 dark dark JJ 20467 3066 24 green green NN 20467 3066 25 on on IN 20467 3066 26 the the DT 20467 3066 27 upper upper JJ 20467 3066 28 side side NN 20467 3066 29 , , , 20467 3066 30 paler paler NN 20467 3066 31 beneath beneath NNP 20467 3066 32 , , , 20467 3066 33 with with IN 20467 3066 34 minute minute JJ 20467 3066 35 appressed appresse VBN 20467 3066 36 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 3066 37 on on IN 20467 3066 38 both both DT 20467 3066 39 sides side NNS 20467 3066 40 , , , 20467 3066 41 ovate ovate VBP 20467 3066 42 to to IN 20467 3066 43 oval oval NN 20467 3066 44 , , , 20467 3066 45 almost almost RB 20467 3066 46 entire entire JJ 20467 3066 47 ; ; : 20467 3066 48 apex apex NNP 20467 3066 49 long long RB 20467 3066 50 - - HYPH 20467 3066 51 pointed pointed JJ 20467 3066 52 ; ; : 20467 3066 53 base base NN 20467 3066 54 acutish acutish NN 20467 3066 55 or or CC 20467 3066 56 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3066 57 ; ; : 20467 3066 58 veins vein NNS 20467 3066 59 indented indent VBD 20467 3066 60 above above IN 20467 3066 61 , , , 20467 3066 62 ribs rib NNS 20467 3066 63 curving curve VBG 20467 3066 64 upward upward RB 20467 3066 65 and and CC 20467 3066 66 parallel parallel JJ 20467 3066 67 ; ; : 20467 3066 68 petiole petiole NN 20467 3066 69 long long JJ 20467 3066 70 , , , 20467 3066 71 slender slend JJR 20467 3066 72 , , , 20467 3066 73 and and CC 20467 3066 74 grooved groove VBN 20467 3066 75 . . . 20467 3067 1 = = NFP 20467 3067 2 Inflorescence.=--June Inflorescence.=--June NNP 20467 3067 3 . . . 20467 3068 1 From from IN 20467 3068 2 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3068 3 of of IN 20467 3068 4 the the DT 20467 3068 5 season season NN 20467 3068 6 , , , 20467 3068 7 in in IN 20467 3068 8 irregular irregular JJ 20467 3068 9 open open JJ 20467 3068 10 cymes cyme NNS 20467 3068 11 ; ; : 20467 3068 12 calyx calyx NN 20467 3068 13 coherent coherent JJ 20467 3068 14 with with IN 20467 3068 15 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3068 16 , , , 20467 3068 17 surmounting surmount VBG 20467 3068 18 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3068 19 by by IN 20467 3068 20 4 4 CD 20467 3068 21 minute minute NN 20467 3068 22 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3068 23 ; ; : 20467 3068 24 corolla corolla NNP 20467 3068 25 white white JJ 20467 3068 26 or or CC 20467 3068 27 pale pale JJ 20467 3068 28 yellow yellow JJ 20467 3068 29 , , , 20467 3068 30 with with IN 20467 3068 31 the the DT 20467 3068 32 4 4 CD 20467 3068 33 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3068 34 petals petal NNS 20467 3068 35 at at IN 20467 3068 36 length length NN 20467 3068 37 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 3068 38 : : : 20467 3068 39 stamens stamens NNP 20467 3068 40 4 4 CD 20467 3068 41 , , , 20467 3068 42 exserted exserted JJ 20467 3068 43 ; ; : 20467 3068 44 style style NN 20467 3068 45 short short JJ 20467 3068 46 , , , 20467 3068 47 with with IN 20467 3068 48 capitate capitate NNP 20467 3068 49 stigma stigma NNP 20467 3068 50 . . . 20467 3069 1 = = SYM 20467 3069 2 Fruit.=--October Fruit.=--October NNP 20467 3069 3 . . . 20467 3070 1 Globular globular JJ 20467 3070 2 , , , 20467 3070 3 blue blue JJ 20467 3070 4 or or CC 20467 3070 5 blue blue JJ 20467 3070 6 black black JJ 20467 3070 7 , , , 20467 3070 8 on on IN 20467 3070 9 slender slender NN 20467 3070 10 , , , 20467 3070 11 reddish reddish JJ 20467 3070 12 stems stem NNS 20467 3070 13 . . . 20467 3071 1 = = NFP 20467 3071 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3071 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3071 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 3071 5 New New NNP 20467 3071 6 England England NNP 20467 3071 7 , , , 20467 3071 8 adapting adapt VBG 20467 3071 9 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 3071 10 to to IN 20467 3071 11 a a DT 20467 3071 12 great great JJ 20467 3071 13 variety variety NN 20467 3071 14 of of IN 20467 3071 15 situations situation NNS 20467 3071 16 , , , 20467 3071 17 but but CC 20467 3071 18 preferring prefer VBG 20467 3071 19 a a DT 20467 3071 20 soil soil NN 20467 3071 21 that that WDT 20467 3071 22 is be VBZ 20467 3071 23 constantly constantly RB 20467 3071 24 moist moist JJ 20467 3071 25 . . . 20467 3072 1 Nursery nursery NN 20467 3072 2 or or CC 20467 3072 3 good good JJ 20467 3072 4 collected collected JJ 20467 3072 5 plants plant NNS 20467 3072 6 are be VBP 20467 3072 7 easily easily RB 20467 3072 8 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 3072 9 . . . 20467 3073 1 A a DT 20467 3073 2 disease disease NN 20467 3073 3 , , , 20467 3073 4 similar similar JJ 20467 3073 5 in in IN 20467 3073 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3073 7 effect effect NN 20467 3073 8 to to IN 20467 3073 9 the the DT 20467 3073 10 pear pear NN 20467 3073 11 blight blight NN 20467 3073 12 , , , 20467 3073 13 so so RB 20467 3073 14 often often RB 20467 3073 15 disfigures disfigure VBZ 20467 3073 16 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3073 17 that that IN 20467 3073 18 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3073 19 is be VBZ 20467 3073 20 not not RB 20467 3073 21 desirable desirable JJ 20467 3073 22 for for IN 20467 3073 23 use use NN 20467 3073 24 in in IN 20467 3073 25 important important JJ 20467 3073 26 plantations plantation NNS 20467 3073 27 . . . 20467 3074 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3074 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3074 3 : : : 20467 3074 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3074 5 LXXX.--Cornus LXXX.--Cornus NNP 20467 3074 6 alternifolia alternifolia NNP 20467 3074 7 . . . 20467 3074 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3075 1 1 1 LS 20467 3075 2 . . . 20467 3076 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3076 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3076 3 . . . 20467 3077 1 2 2 LS 20467 3077 2 . . . 20467 3078 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 3078 2 branch branch NN 20467 3078 3 . . . 20467 3079 1 3 3 LS 20467 3079 2 . . . 20467 3080 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3080 2 with with IN 20467 3080 3 one one CD 20467 3080 4 petal petal JJ 20467 3080 5 and and CC 20467 3080 6 two two CD 20467 3080 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3080 8 removed remove VBN 20467 3080 9 , , , 20467 3080 10 side side JJ 20467 3080 11 view view NN 20467 3080 12 . . . 20467 3081 1 4 4 LS 20467 3081 2 . . . 20467 3082 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3082 2 , , , 20467 3082 3 view view NN 20467 3082 4 from from IN 20467 3082 5 above above RB 20467 3082 6 . . . 20467 3083 1 5 5 CD 20467 3083 2 . . . 20467 3084 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3084 2 branch branch NN 20467 3084 3 . . . 20467 3085 1 = = NFP 20467 3085 2 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3085 3 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 3085 4 , , , 20467 3085 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 3085 6 TUPELO TUPELO NNP 20467 3085 7 . . . 20467 3086 1 SOUR SOUR NNP 20467 3086 2 GUM GUM NNP 20467 3086 3 . . . 20467 3087 1 PEPPERIDGE PEPPERIDGE NNP 20467 3087 2 . . . 20467 3088 1 = = NFP 20467 3088 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3088 3 and and CC 20467 3088 4 Range.=--In Range.=--In NNP 20467 3088 5 rich rich JJ 20467 3088 6 , , , 20467 3088 7 moist moist JJ 20467 3088 8 soil soil NN 20467 3088 9 , , , 20467 3088 10 in in IN 20467 3088 11 swamps swamp NNS 20467 3088 12 and and CC 20467 3088 13 on on IN 20467 3088 14 the the DT 20467 3088 15 borders border NNS 20467 3088 16 of of IN 20467 3088 17 rivers river NNS 20467 3088 18 and and CC 20467 3088 19 ponds pond NNS 20467 3088 20 . . . 20467 3089 1 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 3089 2 . . . 20467 3090 1 Maine,--Waterville Maine,--Waterville NNP 20467 3090 2 on on IN 20467 3090 3 the the DT 20467 3090 4 Kennebec Kennebec NNP 20467 3090 5 , , , 20467 3090 6 the the DT 20467 3090 7 most most RBS 20467 3090 8 northern northern JJ 20467 3090 9 station station NN 20467 3090 10 yet yet RB 20467 3090 11 reported report VBN 20467 3090 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3090 13 Dr. Dr. NNP 20467 3090 14 Ezekiel Ezekiel NNP 20467 3090 15 Holmes Holmes NNP 20467 3090 16 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3090 17 ; ; : 20467 3090 18 New New NNP 20467 3090 19 Hampshire,--most hampshire,--most NN 20467 3090 20 common common JJ 20467 3090 21 in in IN 20467 3090 22 the the DT 20467 3090 23 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 3090 24 valley valley NN 20467 3090 25 , , , 20467 3090 26 seldom seldom RB 20467 3090 27 seen see VBN 20467 3090 28 north north RB 20467 3090 29 of of IN 20467 3090 30 the the DT 20467 3090 31 White white JJ 20467 3090 32 mountains mountain NNS 20467 3090 33 ; ; : 20467 3090 34 Vermont,--occasional vermont,--occasional XX 20467 3090 35 ; ; : 20467 3090 36 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 3090 37 , , , 20467 3090 38 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 3090 39 Island Island NNP 20467 3090 40 , , , 20467 3090 41 and and CC 20467 3090 42 Connecticut,--rather Connecticut,--rather NNP 20467 3090 43 common common JJ 20467 3090 44 . . . 20467 3091 1 South south RB 20467 3091 2 to to IN 20467 3091 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 3091 4 ; ; : 20467 3091 5 west west NN 20467 3091 6 to to IN 20467 3091 7 Michigan Michigan NNP 20467 3091 8 , , , 20467 3091 9 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 3091 10 , , , 20467 3091 11 and and CC 20467 3091 12 Texas Texas NNP 20467 3091 13 . . . 20467 3092 1 = = NFP 20467 3092 2 Habit.=--Tree Habit.=--Tree NNP 20467 3092 3 20 20 CD 20467 3092 4 - - SYM 20467 3092 5 50 50 CD 20467 3092 6 feet foot NNS 20467 3092 7 high high JJ 20467 3092 8 , , , 20467 3092 9 with with IN 20467 3092 10 a a DT 20467 3092 11 trunk trunk NN 20467 3092 12 diameter diameter NN 20467 3092 13 of of IN 20467 3092 14 1 1 CD 20467 3092 15 - - SYM 20467 3092 16 2 2 CD 20467 3092 17 feet foot NNS 20467 3092 18 , , , 20467 3092 19 rising rise VBG 20467 3092 20 in in IN 20467 3092 21 the the DT 20467 3092 22 forest forest NN 20467 3092 23 to to IN 20467 3092 24 the the DT 20467 3092 25 height height NN 20467 3092 26 of of IN 20467 3092 27 60 60 CD 20467 3092 28 - - SYM 20467 3092 29 80 80 CD 20467 3092 30 feet foot NNS 20467 3092 31 ; ; , 20467 3092 32 attaining attain VBG 20467 3092 33 greater great JJR 20467 3092 34 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 3092 35 farther farther RB 20467 3092 36 south south RB 20467 3092 37 ; ; : 20467 3092 38 lower low JJR 20467 3092 39 branches branch NNS 20467 3092 40 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 3092 41 or or CC 20467 3092 42 declining decline VBG 20467 3092 43 , , , 20467 3092 44 often often RB 20467 3092 45 touching touch VBG 20467 3092 46 the the DT 20467 3092 47 ground ground NN 20467 3092 48 at at IN 20467 3092 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3092 50 tips tip NNS 20467 3092 51 , , , 20467 3092 52 the the DT 20467 3092 53 upper upper JJ 20467 3092 54 horizontal horizontal NN 20467 3092 55 or or CC 20467 3092 56 slightly slightly RB 20467 3092 57 rising rise VBG 20467 3092 58 , , , 20467 3092 59 angular angular JJ 20467 3092 60 , , , 20467 3092 61 repeatedly repeatedly RB 20467 3092 62 subdividing subdivide VBG 20467 3092 63 ; ; : 20467 3092 64 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 3092 65 very very RB 20467 3092 66 numerous numerous JJ 20467 3092 67 , , , 20467 3092 68 short short JJ 20467 3092 69 and and CC 20467 3092 70 stiff stiff JJ 20467 3092 71 , , , 20467 3092 72 making make VBG 20467 3092 73 a a DT 20467 3092 74 flat flat JJ 20467 3092 75 spray spray NN 20467 3092 76 ; ; : 20467 3092 77 head head VB 20467 3092 78 extremely extremely RB 20467 3092 79 variable variable JJ 20467 3092 80 , , , 20467 3092 81 unique unique JJ 20467 3092 82 in in IN 20467 3092 83 picturesqueness picturesqueness NN 20467 3092 84 of of IN 20467 3092 85 outline outline NN 20467 3092 86 ; ; : 20467 3092 87 usually usually RB 20467 3092 88 broad broad RB 20467 3092 89 - - HYPH 20467 3092 90 spreading spread VBG 20467 3092 91 , , , 20467 3092 92 flat flat JJ 20467 3092 93 - - HYPH 20467 3092 94 topped top VBN 20467 3092 95 or or CC 20467 3092 96 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 3092 97 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3092 98 ; ; : 20467 3092 99 often often RB 20467 3092 100 reduced reduce VBN 20467 3092 101 in in IN 20467 3092 102 Nantucket Nantucket NNP 20467 3092 103 and and CC 20467 3092 104 upon upon IN 20467 3092 105 the the DT 20467 3092 106 southern southern JJ 20467 3092 107 shore shore NN 20467 3092 108 of of IN 20467 3092 109 Cape Cape NNP 20467 3092 110 Cod Cod NNP 20467 3092 111 to to IN 20467 3092 112 a a DT 20467 3092 113 shrub shrub JJ 20467 3092 114 or or CC 20467 3092 115 small small JJ 20467 3092 116 tree tree NN 20467 3092 117 of of IN 20467 3092 118 10 10 CD 20467 3092 119 - - SYM 20467 3092 120 15 15 CD 20467 3092 121 feet foot NNS 20467 3092 122 in in IN 20467 3092 123 height height NN 20467 3092 124 , , , 20467 3092 125 forming form VBG 20467 3092 126 low low JJ 20467 3092 127 , , , 20467 3092 128 dense dense JJ 20467 3092 129 , , , 20467 3092 130 tangled tangle VBN 20467 3092 131 thickets thicket NNS 20467 3092 132 . . . 20467 3093 1 Foliage foliage VB 20467 3093 2 very very RB 20467 3093 3 abundant abundant JJ 20467 3093 4 , , , 20467 3093 5 dark dark JJ 20467 3093 6 lustrous lustrous JJ 20467 3093 7 green green NN 20467 3093 8 , , , 20467 3093 9 turning turn VBG 20467 3093 10 early early RB 20467 3093 11 in in IN 20467 3093 12 the the DT 20467 3093 13 fall fall NN 20467 3093 14 to to IN 20467 3093 15 a a DT 20467 3093 16 brilliant brilliant JJ 20467 3093 17 crimson crimson NN 20467 3093 18 . . . 20467 3094 1 = = NFP 20467 3094 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 3094 3 of of IN 20467 3094 4 young young JJ 20467 3094 5 trees tree NNS 20467 3094 6 grayish grayish NN 20467 3094 7 - - HYPH 20467 3094 8 white white JJ 20467 3094 9 , , , 20467 3094 10 with with IN 20467 3094 11 irregular irregular JJ 20467 3094 12 and and CC 20467 3094 13 shallow shallow JJ 20467 3094 14 striations striation NNS 20467 3094 15 , , , 20467 3094 16 in in IN 20467 3094 17 old old JJ 20467 3094 18 trees tree NNS 20467 3094 19 darker darker RB 20467 3094 20 , , , 20467 3094 21 breaking break VBG 20467 3094 22 up up RP 20467 3094 23 into into IN 20467 3094 24 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 3094 25 hexagonal hexagonal JJ 20467 3094 26 or or CC 20467 3094 27 lozenge lozenge JJ 20467 3094 28 - - HYPH 20467 3094 29 shaped shaped JJ 20467 3094 30 scales scale NNS 20467 3094 31 ; ; : 20467 3094 32 branches branch NNS 20467 3094 33 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3094 34 and and CC 20467 3094 35 brown brown JJ 20467 3094 36 ; ; : 20467 3094 37 season season NN 20467 3094 38 's 's POS 20467 3094 39 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3094 40 reddish reddish JJ 20467 3094 41 - - HYPH 20467 3094 42 green green JJ 20467 3094 43 , , , 20467 3094 44 with with IN 20467 3094 45 a a DT 20467 3094 46 few few JJ 20467 3094 47 minute minute JJ 20467 3094 48 dots dot NNS 20467 3094 49 . . . 20467 3095 1 = = NFP 20467 3095 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3095 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3095 4 and and CC 20467 3095 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 3095 6 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 3095 7 , , , 20467 3095 8 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 3095 9 - - SYM 20467 3095 10 1/4 1/4 CD 20467 3095 11 inch inch NN 20467 3095 12 long long JJ 20467 3095 13 , , , 20467 3095 14 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 3095 15 . . . 20467 3096 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 3096 2 simple simple JJ 20467 3096 3 , , , 20467 3096 4 irregularly irregularly RB 20467 3096 5 alternate alternate JJ 20467 3096 6 , , , 20467 3096 7 often often RB 20467 3096 8 apparently apparently RB 20467 3096 9 whorled whorle VBD 20467 3096 10 when when WRB 20467 3096 11 clustered cluster VBN 20467 3096 12 at at IN 20467 3096 13 the the DT 20467 3096 14 ends end NNS 20467 3096 15 of of IN 20467 3096 16 the the DT 20467 3096 17 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3096 18 , , , 20467 3096 19 2 2 CD 20467 3096 20 - - SYM 20467 3096 21 5 5 CD 20467 3096 22 inches inch NNS 20467 3096 23 long long JJ 20467 3096 24 , , , 20467 3096 25 one one CD 20467 3096 26 - - HYPH 20467 3096 27 half half NN 20467 3096 28 as as RB 20467 3096 29 wide wide JJ 20467 3096 30 ; ; : 20467 3096 31 at at IN 20467 3096 32 first first JJ 20467 3096 33 bright bright JJ 20467 3096 34 green green NN 20467 3096 35 beneath beneath IN 20467 3096 36 , , , 20467 3096 37 dullish dullish NN 20467 3096 38 - - HYPH 20467 3096 39 green green JJ 20467 3096 40 above above RB 20467 3096 41 , , , 20467 3096 42 becoming become VBG 20467 3096 43 dark dark JJ 20467 3096 44 glossy glossy JJ 20467 3096 45 green green NN 20467 3096 46 above above RB 20467 3096 47 , , , 20467 3096 48 paler paler NN 20467 3096 49 beneath beneath NNP 20467 3096 50 , , , 20467 3096 51 obovate obovate NNP 20467 3096 52 or or CC 20467 3096 53 oblanceolate oblanceolate NN 20467 3096 54 to to IN 20467 3096 55 oval oval NN 20467 3096 56 ; ; , 20467 3096 57 entire entire JJ 20467 3096 58 , , , 20467 3096 59 few few JJ 20467 3096 60 or or CC 20467 3096 61 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 3096 62 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3096 63 , , , 20467 3096 64 or or CC 20467 3096 65 wavy wavy NNP 20467 3096 66 - - HYPH 20467 3096 67 margined margine VBN 20467 3096 68 above above IN 20467 3096 69 the the DT 20467 3096 70 center center NN 20467 3096 71 ; ; : 20467 3096 72 apex apex NNP 20467 3096 73 more more RBR 20467 3096 74 or or CC 20467 3096 75 less less RBR 20467 3096 76 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 3096 77 acute acute JJ 20467 3096 78 ; ; : 20467 3096 79 base base JJ 20467 3096 80 acutish acutish NN 20467 3096 81 ; ; : 20467 3096 82 firm firm NN 20467 3096 83 , , , 20467 3096 84 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3096 85 , , , 20467 3096 86 finely finely RB 20467 3096 87 sub sub JJ 20467 3096 88 - - HYPH 20467 3096 89 veined veined JJ 20467 3096 90 ; ; : 20467 3096 91 stem stem VB 20467 3096 92 short short JJ 20467 3096 93 , , , 20467 3096 94 flat flat JJ 20467 3096 95 , , , 20467 3096 96 grooved grooved JJ 20467 3096 97 , , , 20467 3096 98 minutely minutely RB 20467 3096 99 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 3096 100 , , , 20467 3096 101 at at IN 20467 3096 102 least least JJS 20467 3096 103 when when WRB 20467 3096 104 young young JJ 20467 3096 105 ; ; : 20467 3096 106 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 3096 107 none none NN 20467 3096 108 . . . 20467 3097 1 = = NFP 20467 3097 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may NN 20467 3097 3 or or CC 20467 3097 4 early early JJ 20467 3097 5 June June NNP 20467 3097 6 . . . 20467 3098 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 3098 2 with with IN 20467 3098 3 the the DT 20467 3098 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 3098 5 in in IN 20467 3098 6 axillary axillary JJ 20467 3098 7 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3098 8 of of IN 20467 3098 9 small small JJ 20467 3098 10 greenish greenish JJ 20467 3098 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 3098 12 , , , 20467 3098 13 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3098 14 and and CC 20467 3098 15 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3098 16 usually usually RB 20467 3098 17 on on IN 20467 3098 18 separate separate JJ 20467 3098 19 trees tree NNS 20467 3098 20 , , , 20467 3098 21 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3098 22 on on IN 20467 3098 23 the the DT 20467 3098 24 same same JJ 20467 3098 25 tree,--sterile tree,--sterile NNP 20467 3098 26 flowers flower NNS 20467 3098 27 in in IN 20467 3098 28 simple simple JJ 20467 3098 29 or or CC 20467 3098 30 compound compound NN 20467 3098 31 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3098 32 ; ; : 20467 3098 33 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3098 34 minutely minutely RB 20467 3098 35 5-parted 5-parted CD 20467 3098 36 , , , 20467 3098 37 petals petal NNS 20467 3098 38 5 5 CD 20467 3098 39 , , , 20467 3098 40 small small JJ 20467 3098 41 or or CC 20467 3098 42 wanting wanting JJ 20467 3098 43 ; ; : 20467 3098 44 stamens stamens NNP 20467 3098 45 5 5 CD 20467 3098 46 - - SYM 20467 3098 47 12 12 CD 20467 3098 48 , , , 20467 3098 49 inserted insert VBN 20467 3098 50 on on IN 20467 3098 51 the the DT 20467 3098 52 outside outside NN 20467 3098 53 of of IN 20467 3098 54 a a DT 20467 3098 55 disk disk NN 20467 3098 56 ; ; : 20467 3098 57 pistil pistil JJ 20467 3098 58 none none NN 20467 3098 59 : : : 20467 3098 60 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3098 61 flowers flower NNS 20467 3098 62 larger large JJR 20467 3098 63 , , , 20467 3098 64 solitary solitary JJ 20467 3098 65 , , , 20467 3098 66 or or CC 20467 3098 67 several several JJ 20467 3098 68 sessile sessile NN 20467 3098 69 in in IN 20467 3098 70 a a DT 20467 3098 71 bracted bracted JJ 20467 3098 72 cluster cluster NN 20467 3098 73 ; ; : 20467 3098 74 petals petal NNS 20467 3098 75 5 5 CD 20467 3098 76 , , , 20467 3098 77 small small JJ 20467 3098 78 or or CC 20467 3098 79 wanting wanting JJ 20467 3098 80 ; ; : 20467 3098 81 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3098 82 minutely minutely RB 20467 3098 83 5-toothed 5-toothed CD 20467 3098 84 . . . 20467 3099 1 = = NFP 20467 3099 2 Fruit.=--Drupes Fruit.=--Drupes NNP 20467 3099 3 1-several 1-several CD 20467 3099 4 , , , 20467 3099 5 ovoid ovoid JJ 20467 3099 6 , , , 20467 3099 7 blue blue JJ 20467 3099 8 black black JJ 20467 3099 9 , , , 20467 3099 10 about about RB 20467 3099 11 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3099 12 inch inch NN 20467 3099 13 long long JJ 20467 3099 14 , , , 20467 3099 15 sour sour JJ 20467 3099 16 : : : 20467 3099 17 stone stone NN 20467 3099 18 striated striate VBN 20467 3099 19 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 3099 20 . . . 20467 3100 1 = = NFP 20467 3100 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3100 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3100 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 3100 5 New New NNP 20467 3100 6 England England NNP 20467 3100 7 ; ; : 20467 3100 8 adapts adapt VBZ 20467 3100 9 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 3100 10 readily readily RB 20467 3100 11 to to IN 20467 3100 12 most most JJS 20467 3100 13 situations situation NNS 20467 3100 14 but but CC 20467 3100 15 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 3100 16 deep deep JJ 20467 3100 17 soil soil NN 20467 3100 18 near near IN 20467 3100 19 water water NN 20467 3100 20 . . . 20467 3101 1 Seldom seldom RB 20467 3101 2 offered offer VBD 20467 3101 3 in in IN 20467 3101 4 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3101 5 and and CC 20467 3101 6 difficult difficult JJ 20467 3101 7 to to TO 20467 3101 8 transplant transplant VB 20467 3101 9 unless unless IN 20467 3101 10 frequently frequently RB 20467 3101 11 root root NN 20467 3101 12 - - HYPH 20467 3101 13 pruned prune VBN 20467 3101 14 or or CC 20467 3101 15 moved move VBD 20467 3101 16 ; ; , 20467 3101 17 collected collected JJ 20467 3101 18 plants plant NNS 20467 3101 19 do do VBP 20467 3101 20 not not RB 20467 3101 21 thrive thrive VB 20467 3101 22 well well RB 20467 3101 23 ; ; : 20467 3101 24 seedlings seedling NNS 20467 3101 25 are be VBP 20467 3101 26 raised raise VBN 20467 3101 27 with with IN 20467 3101 28 little little JJ 20467 3101 29 difficulty difficulty NN 20467 3101 30 . . . 20467 3102 1 Few few JJ 20467 3102 2 trees tree NNS 20467 3102 3 are be VBP 20467 3102 4 of of IN 20467 3102 5 greater great JJR 20467 3102 6 ornamental ornamental JJ 20467 3102 7 value value NN 20467 3102 8 . . . 20467 3103 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3103 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3103 3 : : : 20467 3103 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3103 5 LXXXI.--Nyssa LXXXI.--Nyssa NNP 20467 3103 6 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 3103 7 . . . 20467 3103 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3104 1 1 1 LS 20467 3104 2 . . . 20467 3105 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3105 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3105 3 . . . 20467 3106 1 2 2 LS 20467 3106 2 . . . 20467 3107 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3107 2 with with IN 20467 3107 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3107 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3107 5 . . . 20467 3108 1 3 3 CD 20467 3108 2 - - SYM 20467 3108 3 4 4 CD 20467 3108 4 . . . 20467 3109 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 3109 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 3109 3 . . . 20467 3110 1 5 5 CD 20467 3110 2 . . . 20467 3111 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3111 2 with with IN 20467 3111 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3111 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3111 5 . . . 20467 3112 1 6 6 CD 20467 3112 2 . . . 20467 3113 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 3113 2 flower flower NN 20467 3113 3 . . . 20467 3114 1 7 7 LS 20467 3114 2 . . . 20467 3115 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3115 2 branch branch NN 20467 3115 3 . . . 20467 3116 1 EBENACEÆ EBENACEÆ NNP 20467 3116 2 . . . 20467 3117 1 EBONY EBONY NNP 20467 3117 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 3117 3 . . . 20467 3118 1 = = NFP 20467 3118 2 Diospyros Diospyros NNP 20467 3118 3 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3118 4 , , , 20467 3118 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 3118 6 PERSIMMON PERSIMMON NNS 20467 3118 7 . . . 20467 3119 1 = = NFP 20467 3119 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3119 3 and and CC 20467 3119 4 Range.=--Rhode range.=--rhode ADD 20467 3119 5 Island,--occasional Island,--occasional NNP 20467 3119 6 but but CC 20467 3119 7 doubtfully doubtfully RB 20467 3119 8 native native JJ 20467 3119 9 ; ; : 20467 3119 10 Connecticut,--at Connecticut,--at NNP 20467 3119 11 Lighthouse Lighthouse NNP 20467 3119 12 Point Point NNP 20467 3119 13 , , , 20467 3119 14 New New NNP 20467 3119 15 Haven Haven NNP 20467 3119 16 , , , 20467 3119 17 near near IN 20467 3119 18 the the DT 20467 3119 19 East East NNP 20467 3119 20 Haven Haven NNP 20467 3119 21 boundary boundary JJ 20467 3119 22 line line NN 20467 3119 23 , , , 20467 3119 24 there there EX 20467 3119 25 is be VBZ 20467 3119 26 a a DT 20467 3119 27 grove grove NN 20467 3119 28 consisting consist VBG 20467 3119 29 of of IN 20467 3119 30 about about RB 20467 3119 31 one one CD 20467 3119 32 hundred hundred CD 20467 3119 33 twenty twenty CD 20467 3119 34 - - HYPH 20467 3119 35 five five CD 20467 3119 36 small small JJ 20467 3119 37 trees tree NNS 20467 3119 38 not not RB 20467 3119 39 more more JJR 20467 3119 40 than than IN 20467 3119 41 a a DT 20467 3119 42 hundred hundred CD 20467 3119 43 feet foot NNS 20467 3119 44 from from IN 20467 3119 45 the the DT 20467 3119 46 water water NN 20467 3119 47 's 's POS 20467 3119 48 edge edge NN 20467 3119 49 , , , 20467 3119 50 in in IN 20467 3119 51 sandy sandy JJ 20467 3119 52 soil soil NN 20467 3119 53 just just RB 20467 3119 54 above above IN 20467 3119 55 the the DT 20467 3119 56 beach beach NN 20467 3119 57 grass grass NN 20467 3119 58 , , , 20467 3119 59 exposed expose VBN 20467 3119 60 to to IN 20467 3119 61 the the DT 20467 3119 62 buffeting buffeting NN 20467 3119 63 of of IN 20467 3119 64 fierce fierce JJ 20467 3119 65 winds wind NNS 20467 3119 66 and and CC 20467 3119 67 the the DT 20467 3119 68 incursions incursion NNS 20467 3119 69 of of IN 20467 3119 70 salt salt NN 20467 3119 71 water water NN 20467 3119 72 , , , 20467 3119 73 which which WDT 20467 3119 74 comes come VBZ 20467 3119 75 up up RP 20467 3119 76 around around IN 20467 3119 77 them -PRON- PRP 20467 3119 78 during during IN 20467 3119 79 the the DT 20467 3119 80 heavy heavy JJ 20467 3119 81 winter winter NN 20467 3119 82 storms storm NNS 20467 3119 83 . . . 20467 3120 1 These these DT 20467 3120 2 trees tree NNS 20467 3120 3 are be VBP 20467 3120 4 not not RB 20467 3120 5 in in IN 20467 3120 6 thriving thriving JJ 20467 3120 7 condition condition NN 20467 3120 8 ; ; , 20467 3120 9 several several JJ 20467 3120 10 are be VBP 20467 3120 11 dead dead JJ 20467 3120 12 or or CC 20467 3120 13 dying die VBG 20467 3120 14 , , , 20467 3120 15 and and CC 20467 3120 16 no no DT 20467 3120 17 new new JJ 20467 3120 18 plants plant NNS 20467 3120 19 are be VBP 20467 3120 20 springing spring VBG 20467 3120 21 up up RP 20467 3120 22 to to TO 20467 3120 23 take take VB 20467 3120 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3120 25 places place NNS 20467 3120 26 . . . 20467 3121 1 A a DT 20467 3121 2 cross cross JJ 20467 3121 3 - - NN 20467 3121 4 section section NN 20467 3121 5 of of IN 20467 3121 6 the the DT 20467 3121 7 trunk trunk NN 20467 3121 8 of of IN 20467 3121 9 a a DT 20467 3121 10 dead dead JJ 20467 3121 11 tree tree NN 20467 3121 12 , , , 20467 3121 13 as as RB 20467 3121 14 large large JJ 20467 3121 15 as as IN 20467 3121 16 any any DT 20467 3121 17 of of IN 20467 3121 18 those those DT 20467 3121 19 living living NN 20467 3121 20 , , , 20467 3121 21 shows show VBZ 20467 3121 22 about about IN 20467 3121 23 fifty fifty CD 20467 3121 24 annual annual JJ 20467 3121 25 rings ring NNS 20467 3121 26 . . . 20467 3122 1 There there EX 20467 3122 2 is be VBZ 20467 3122 3 no no DT 20467 3122 4 reason reason NN 20467 3122 5 to to TO 20467 3122 6 suppose suppose VB 20467 3122 7 that that IN 20467 3122 8 the the DT 20467 3122 9 survivors survivor NNS 20467 3122 10 are be VBP 20467 3122 11 older old JJR 20467 3122 12 . . . 20467 3123 1 This this DT 20467 3123 2 station station NN 20467 3123 3 is be VBZ 20467 3123 4 said say VBN 20467 3123 5 to to TO 20467 3123 6 have have VB 20467 3123 7 been be VBN 20467 3123 8 known know VBN 20467 3123 9 as as RB 20467 3123 10 early early RB 20467 3123 11 as as IN 20467 3123 12 1846 1846 CD 20467 3123 13 , , , 20467 3123 14 at at IN 20467 3123 15 which which WDT 20467 3123 16 date date NN 20467 3123 17 the the DT 20467 3123 18 ground ground NN 20467 3123 19 where where WRB 20467 3123 20 they -PRON- PRP 20467 3123 21 stand stand VBP 20467 3123 22 was be VBD 20467 3123 23 grassy grassy JJ 20467 3123 24 and and CC 20467 3123 25 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3123 26 . . . 20467 3124 1 These these DT 20467 3124 2 trees tree NNS 20467 3124 3 , , , 20467 3124 4 if if IN 20467 3124 5 standing stand VBG 20467 3124 6 at at IN 20467 3124 7 that that DT 20467 3124 8 time time NN 20467 3124 9 , , , 20467 3124 10 must must MD 20467 3124 11 assuredly assuredly RB 20467 3124 12 have have VB 20467 3124 13 been be VBN 20467 3124 14 in in IN 20467 3124 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3124 16 infancy infancy NN 20467 3124 17 . . . 20467 3125 1 The the DT 20467 3125 2 encroachment encroachment NN 20467 3125 3 of of IN 20467 3125 4 the the DT 20467 3125 5 sea sea NN 20467 3125 6 and and CC 20467 3125 7 subsequent subsequent JJ 20467 3125 8 change change NN 20467 3125 9 of of IN 20467 3125 10 conditions condition NNS 20467 3125 11 account account VBP 20467 3125 12 well well RB 20467 3125 13 enough enough RB 20467 3125 14 for for IN 20467 3125 15 the the DT 20467 3125 16 present present JJ 20467 3125 17 decrepitude decrepitude NN 20467 3125 18 , , , 20467 3125 19 but but CC 20467 3125 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3125 21 general general JJ 20467 3125 22 similarity similarity NN 20467 3125 23 in in IN 20467 3125 24 size size NN 20467 3125 25 and and CC 20467 3125 26 apparent apparent JJ 20467 3125 27 age age NN 20467 3125 28 point point NN 20467 3125 29 rather rather RB 20467 3125 30 to to TO 20467 3125 31 introduction introduction VB 20467 3125 32 than than IN 20467 3125 33 native native JJ 20467 3125 34 growth growth NN 20467 3125 35 . . . 20467 3126 1 South south RB 20467 3126 2 to to IN 20467 3126 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 3126 4 , , , 20467 3126 5 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 3126 6 , , , 20467 3126 7 and and CC 20467 3126 8 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 20467 3126 9 ; ; : 20467 3126 10 west west NN 20467 3126 11 to to IN 20467 3126 12 Iowa Iowa NNP 20467 3126 13 , , , 20467 3126 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 3126 15 , , , 20467 3126 16 and and CC 20467 3126 17 Texas Texas NNP 20467 3126 18 . . . 20467 3127 1 = = NFP 20467 3127 2 Habit.=--One habit.=--one NN 20467 3127 3 of of IN 20467 3127 4 the the DT 20467 3127 5 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 3127 6 Island Island NNP 20467 3127 7 trees tree NNS 20467 3127 8 measured measure VBD 20467 3127 9 3 3 CD 20467 3127 10 feet foot NNS 20467 3127 11 11 11 CD 20467 3127 12 inches inch NNS 20467 3127 13 girth girth NN 20467 3127 14 at at IN 20467 3127 15 the the DT 20467 3127 16 base base NN 20467 3127 17 , , , 20467 3127 18 and and CC 20467 3127 19 gradually gradually RB 20467 3127 20 tapered taper VBD 20467 3127 21 to to IN 20467 3127 22 a a DT 20467 3127 23 height height NN 20467 3127 24 of of IN 20467 3127 25 more more JJR 20467 3127 26 than than IN 20467 3127 27 40 40 CD 20467 3127 28 feet foot NNS 20467 3127 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3127 30 L. L. NNP 20467 3127 31 W. W. NNP 20467 3127 32 Russell Russell NNP 20467 3127 33 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3127 34 . . . 20467 3128 1 The the DT 20467 3128 2 trees tree NNS 20467 3128 3 at at IN 20467 3128 4 New New NNP 20467 3128 5 Haven Haven NNP 20467 3128 6 are be VBP 20467 3128 7 15 15 CD 20467 3128 8 - - SYM 20467 3128 9 20 20 CD 20467 3128 10 feet foot NNS 20467 3128 11 in in IN 20467 3128 12 height height NN 20467 3128 13 , , , 20467 3128 14 with with IN 20467 3128 15 a a DT 20467 3128 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 3128 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 3128 18 of of IN 20467 3128 19 6 6 CD 20467 3128 20 - - SYM 20467 3128 21 10 10 CD 20467 3128 22 inches inch NNS 20467 3128 23 , , , 20467 3128 24 trunk trunk NN 20467 3128 25 and and CC 20467 3128 26 limbs limb NNS 20467 3128 27 much much RB 20467 3128 28 twisted twist VBN 20467 3128 29 by by IN 20467 3128 30 the the DT 20467 3128 31 winds wind NNS 20467 3128 32 . . . 20467 3129 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3129 2 branches branch NNS 20467 3129 3 , , , 20467 3129 4 beginning begin VBG 20467 3129 5 to to TO 20467 3129 6 put put VB 20467 3129 7 out out RP 20467 3129 8 at at IN 20467 3129 9 a a DT 20467 3129 10 height height NN 20467 3129 11 of of IN 20467 3129 12 6 6 CD 20467 3129 13 - - SYM 20467 3129 14 8 8 CD 20467 3129 15 feet foot NNS 20467 3129 16 , , , 20467 3129 17 lie lie VBP 20467 3129 18 in in IN 20467 3129 19 almost almost RB 20467 3129 20 horizontal horizontal JJ 20467 3129 21 planes plane NNS 20467 3129 22 , , , 20467 3129 23 forming form VBG 20467 3129 24 a a DT 20467 3129 25 roundish roundish JJ 20467 3129 26 , , , 20467 3129 27 open open JJ 20467 3129 28 head head NN 20467 3129 29 . . . 20467 3130 1 = = NFP 20467 3130 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 3130 3 in in IN 20467 3130 4 old old JJ 20467 3130 5 trees tree NNS 20467 3130 6 dark dark JJ 20467 3130 7 , , , 20467 3130 8 rough rough JJ 20467 3130 9 , , , 20467 3130 10 deeply deeply RB 20467 3130 11 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 3130 12 , , , 20467 3130 13 separating separate VBG 20467 3130 14 into into IN 20467 3130 15 small small JJ 20467 3130 16 , , , 20467 3130 17 firm firm JJ 20467 3130 18 sections section NNS 20467 3130 19 ; ; : 20467 3130 20 large large JJ 20467 3130 21 limbs limb NNS 20467 3130 22 dark dark JJ 20467 3130 23 reddish reddish JJ 20467 3130 24 - - HYPH 20467 3130 25 brown brown NN 20467 3130 26 ; ; : 20467 3130 27 season season NN 20467 3130 28 's 's POS 20467 3130 29 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3130 30 green green JJ 20467 3130 31 , , , 20467 3130 32 turning turn VBG 20467 3130 33 to to IN 20467 3130 34 brown brown NNP 20467 3130 35 . . . 20467 3131 1 = = NFP 20467 3131 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3131 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3131 4 and and CC 20467 3131 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 3131 6 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3131 7 , , , 20467 3131 8 conical conical JJ 20467 3131 9 , , , 20467 3131 10 short short JJ 20467 3131 11 . . . 20467 3132 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 3132 2 simple simple JJ 20467 3132 3 , , , 20467 3132 4 alternate alternate JJ 20467 3132 5 , , , 20467 3132 6 3 3 CD 20467 3132 7 - - SYM 20467 3132 8 6 6 CD 20467 3132 9 inches inch NNS 20467 3132 10 long long JJ 20467 3132 11 , , , 20467 3132 12 about about RB 20467 3132 13 half half NN 20467 3132 14 as as RB 20467 3132 15 wide wide JJ 20467 3132 16 , , , 20467 3132 17 dark dark JJ 20467 3132 18 green green NN 20467 3132 19 and and CC 20467 3132 20 mostly mostly RB 20467 3132 21 glossy glossy JJ 20467 3132 22 above above RB 20467 3132 23 , , , 20467 3132 24 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 3132 25 lighter light JJR 20467 3132 26 and and CC 20467 3132 27 minutely minutely RB 20467 3132 28 downy downy JJ 20467 3132 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3132 30 at at IN 20467 3132 31 least least JJS 20467 3132 32 when when WRB 20467 3132 33 young young JJ 20467 3132 34 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3132 35 beneath beneath RB 20467 3132 36 , , , 20467 3132 37 ovate ovate JJ 20467 3132 38 to to IN 20467 3132 39 oval oval NN 20467 3132 40 , , , 20467 3132 41 entire entire JJ 20467 3132 42 ; ; : 20467 3132 43 apex apex NNP 20467 3132 44 acute acute JJ 20467 3132 45 to to TO 20467 3132 46 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 3132 47 ; ; : 20467 3132 48 base base NN 20467 3132 49 acute acute NN 20467 3132 50 , , , 20467 3132 51 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3132 52 or or CC 20467 3132 53 truncate truncate JJ 20467 3132 54 ; ; : 20467 3132 55 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 3132 56 short short JJ 20467 3132 57 ; ; : 20467 3132 58 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 3132 59 none none NN 20467 3132 60 . . . 20467 3133 1 = = NFP 20467 3133 2 Inflorescence.=--June Inflorescence.=--June NNP 20467 3133 3 . . . 20467 3134 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 3134 2 and and CC 20467 3134 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3134 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3134 5 on on IN 20467 3134 6 separate separate JJ 20467 3134 7 or or CC 20467 3134 8 on on IN 20467 3134 9 the the DT 20467 3134 10 same same JJ 20467 3134 11 trees tree NNS 20467 3134 12 ; ; : 20467 3134 13 not not RB 20467 3134 14 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 3134 15 , , , 20467 3134 16 axillary axillary JJ 20467 3134 17 ; ; : 20467 3134 18 sterile sterile RB 20467 3134 19 often often RB 20467 3134 20 in in IN 20467 3134 21 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3134 22 , , , 20467 3134 23 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3134 24 solitary solitary NN 20467 3134 25 ; ; : 20467 3134 26 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3134 27 4 4 CD 20467 3134 28 - - SYM 20467 3134 29 6-parted 6-parted CD 20467 3134 30 ; ; : 20467 3134 31 corolla corolla NN 20467 3134 32 4 4 CD 20467 3134 33 - - SYM 20467 3134 34 6-parted 6-parted CD 20467 3134 35 ; ; : 20467 3134 36 about about RB 20467 3134 37 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3134 38 inch inch NN 20467 3134 39 long long JJ 20467 3134 40 , , , 20467 3134 41 pale pale JJ 20467 3134 42 yellow yellow JJ 20467 3134 43 , , , 20467 3134 44 thickish thickish JJ 20467 3134 45 , , , 20467 3134 46 urn urn JJ 20467 3134 47 - - HYPH 20467 3134 48 shaped shaped JJ 20467 3134 49 , , , 20467 3134 50 constricted constrict VBD 20467 3134 51 at at IN 20467 3134 52 the the DT 20467 3134 53 mouth mouth NN 20467 3134 54 and and CC 20467 3134 55 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 3134 56 smaller small JJR 20467 3134 57 in in IN 20467 3134 58 the the DT 20467 3134 59 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3134 60 flowers flower NNS 20467 3134 61 ; ; : 20467 3134 62 stamens stamens NNP 20467 3134 63 16 16 CD 20467 3134 64 in in IN 20467 3134 65 the the DT 20467 3134 66 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3134 67 flowers flower NNS 20467 3134 68 , , , 20467 3134 69 in in IN 20467 3134 70 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3134 71 flowers flower NNS 20467 3134 72 8 8 CD 20467 3134 73 or or CC 20467 3134 74 less less JJR 20467 3134 75 , , , 20467 3134 76 imperfect imperfect JJ 20467 3134 77 ; ; : 20467 3134 78 styles style NNS 20467 3134 79 4 4 CD 20467 3134 80 , , , 20467 3134 81 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3134 82 8-celled 8-celled CD 20467 3134 83 . . . 20467 3135 1 = = NFP 20467 3135 2 Fruit.=--A fruit.=--a JJ 20467 3135 3 berry berry NN 20467 3135 4 , , , 20467 3135 5 ripe ripe JJ 20467 3135 6 in in IN 20467 3135 7 late late JJ 20467 3135 8 fall fall NN 20467 3135 9 , , , 20467 3135 10 roundish roundish JJ 20467 3135 11 , , , 20467 3135 12 about about RB 20467 3135 13 an an DT 20467 3135 14 inch inch NN 20467 3135 15 in in IN 20467 3135 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 3135 17 , , , 20467 3135 18 larger large JJR 20467 3135 19 farther far RBR 20467 3135 20 south south RB 20467 3135 21 , , , 20467 3135 22 with with IN 20467 3135 23 thick thick JJ 20467 3135 24 , , , 20467 3135 25 spreading spread VBG 20467 3135 26 , , , 20467 3135 27 persistent persistent JJ 20467 3135 28 calyx calyx NN 20467 3135 29 , , , 20467 3135 30 yellow yellow JJ 20467 3135 31 to to IN 20467 3135 32 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 3135 33 - - HYPH 20467 3135 34 brown brown JJ 20467 3135 35 , , , 20467 3135 36 very very RB 20467 3135 37 astringent astringent JJ 20467 3135 38 when when WRB 20467 3135 39 immature immature JJ 20467 3135 40 , , , 20467 3135 41 edible edible JJ 20467 3135 42 and and CC 20467 3135 43 agreeable agreeable JJ 20467 3135 44 to to IN 20467 3135 45 the the DT 20467 3135 46 taste taste NN 20467 3135 47 after after IN 20467 3135 48 exposure exposure NN 20467 3135 49 to to IN 20467 3135 50 the the DT 20467 3135 51 frost frost NN 20467 3135 52 ; ; : 20467 3135 53 several several JJ 20467 3135 54 - - HYPH 20467 3135 55 seeded seeded JJ 20467 3135 56 . . . 20467 3136 1 = = NFP 20467 3136 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3136 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3136 4 along along IN 20467 3136 5 the the DT 20467 3136 6 south south JJ 20467 3136 7 shore shore NN 20467 3136 8 of of IN 20467 3136 9 New New NNP 20467 3136 10 England England NNP 20467 3136 11 ; ; : 20467 3136 12 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 3136 13 well well RB 20467 3136 14 - - HYPH 20467 3136 15 drained drain VBN 20467 3136 16 soil soil NN 20467 3136 17 in in IN 20467 3136 18 open open JJ 20467 3136 19 situations situation NNS 20467 3136 20 ; ; , 20467 3136 21 free free JJ 20467 3136 22 from from IN 20467 3136 23 disfiguring disfigure VBG 20467 3136 24 enemies enemy NNS 20467 3136 25 ; ; , 20467 3136 26 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 3136 27 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 3136 28 in in IN 20467 3136 29 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3136 30 but but CC 20467 3136 31 difficult difficult JJ 20467 3136 32 to to TO 20467 3136 33 transplant transplant VB 20467 3136 34 . . . 20467 3137 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 3137 2 from from IN 20467 3137 3 seed seed NN 20467 3137 4 . . . 20467 3138 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3138 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3138 3 : : : 20467 3138 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3138 5 LXXXII.--Diospyros LXXXII.--Diospyros NNP 20467 3138 6 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3138 7 . . . 20467 3138 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3139 1 1 1 LS 20467 3139 2 . . . 20467 3140 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3140 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3140 3 . . . 20467 3141 1 2 2 LS 20467 3141 2 . . . 20467 3142 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3142 2 with with IN 20467 3142 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3142 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3142 5 . . . 20467 3143 1 3 3 LS 20467 3143 2 . . . 20467 3144 1 Vertical vertical JJ 20467 3144 2 section section NN 20467 3144 3 of of IN 20467 3144 4 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3144 5 flower flower NN 20467 3144 6 . . . 20467 3145 1 4 4 LS 20467 3145 2 . . . 20467 3146 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3146 2 with with IN 20467 3146 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3146 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3146 5 . . . 20467 3147 1 5 5 CD 20467 3147 2 . . . 20467 3148 1 Section section NN 20467 3148 2 of of IN 20467 3148 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3148 4 flower flower NN 20467 3148 5 . . . 20467 3149 1 6 6 CD 20467 3149 2 . . . 20467 3150 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3150 2 branch branch NN 20467 3150 3 . . . 20467 3151 1 OLEACEÆ OLEACEÆ NNP 20467 3151 2 . . . 20467 3152 1 OLIVE olive NN 20467 3152 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 3152 3 . . . 20467 3153 1 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3153 2 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3153 3 , , , 20467 3153 4 L. L. NNP 20467 3153 5 WHITE WHITE NNP 20467 3153 6 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3153 7 . . . 20467 3154 1 = = NFP 20467 3154 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3154 3 and and CC 20467 3154 4 Range.=--Rich Range.=--Rich NNP 20467 3154 5 or or CC 20467 3154 6 moist moist JJ 20467 3154 7 woods wood NNS 20467 3154 8 , , , 20467 3154 9 fields field NNS 20467 3154 10 and and CC 20467 3154 11 pastures pasture NNS 20467 3154 12 , , , 20467 3154 13 near near IN 20467 3154 14 streams stream NNS 20467 3154 15 . . . 20467 3155 1 Newfoundland Newfoundland NNP 20467 3155 2 and and CC 20467 3155 3 Nova Nova NNP 20467 3155 4 Scotia Scotia NNP 20467 3155 5 to to IN 20467 3155 6 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 3155 7 . . . 20467 3156 1 Maine,--very Maine,--very NNP 20467 3156 2 common common JJ 20467 3156 3 , , , 20467 3156 4 often often RB 20467 3156 5 forming form VBG 20467 3156 6 large large JJ 20467 3156 7 forest forest NN 20467 3156 8 areas area NNS 20467 3156 9 ; ; : 20467 3156 10 in in IN 20467 3156 11 the the DT 20467 3156 12 other other JJ 20467 3156 13 New New NNP 20467 3156 14 England England NNP 20467 3156 15 states state NNS 20467 3156 16 , , , 20467 3156 17 widely widely RB 20467 3156 18 distributed distribute VBN 20467 3156 19 , , , 20467 3156 20 but but CC 20467 3156 21 seldom seldom RB 20467 3156 22 occurring occur VBG 20467 3156 23 in in IN 20467 3156 24 large large JJ 20467 3156 25 masses masse NNS 20467 3156 26 . . . 20467 3157 1 South south RB 20467 3157 2 to to IN 20467 3157 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 3157 4 ; ; : 20467 3157 5 west west NN 20467 3157 6 to to IN 20467 3157 7 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 3157 8 , , , 20467 3157 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 3157 10 , , , 20467 3157 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 3157 12 , , , 20467 3157 13 and and CC 20467 3157 14 Texas Texas NNP 20467 3157 15 . . . 20467 3158 1 = = NFP 20467 3158 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 3158 3 tall tall JJ 20467 3158 4 forest forest NN 20467 3158 5 tree tree NN 20467 3158 6 , , , 20467 3158 7 50 50 CD 20467 3158 8 - - SYM 20467 3158 9 75 75 CD 20467 3158 10 feet foot NNS 20467 3158 11 high high JJ 20467 3158 12 , , , 20467 3158 13 with with IN 20467 3158 14 a a DT 20467 3158 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 3158 16 diameter diameter NN 20467 3158 17 of of IN 20467 3158 18 2 2 CD 20467 3158 19 - - SYM 20467 3158 20 3 3 CD 20467 3158 21 feet foot NNS 20467 3158 22 ; ; , 20467 3158 23 rising rise VBG 20467 3158 24 in in IN 20467 3158 25 the the DT 20467 3158 26 rich rich JJ 20467 3158 27 bottom bottom JJ 20467 3158 28 lands land NNS 20467 3158 29 of of IN 20467 3158 30 the the DT 20467 3158 31 Ohio Ohio NNP 20467 3158 32 river river NN 20467 3158 33 100 100 CD 20467 3158 34 feet foot NNS 20467 3158 35 or or CC 20467 3158 36 more more JJR 20467 3158 37 , , , 20467 3158 38 often often RB 20467 3158 39 in in IN 20467 3158 40 the the DT 20467 3158 41 forest forest NN 20467 3158 42 half half PDT 20467 3158 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3158 44 height height NN 20467 3158 45 without without IN 20467 3158 46 a a DT 20467 3158 47 limb limb NN 20467 3158 48 . . . 20467 3159 1 In in IN 20467 3159 2 open open JJ 20467 3159 3 ground ground NN 20467 3159 4 the the DT 20467 3159 5 trunk trunk NN 20467 3159 6 , , , 20467 3159 7 separating separate VBG 20467 3159 8 at at IN 20467 3159 9 a a DT 20467 3159 10 height height NN 20467 3159 11 of of IN 20467 3159 12 a a DT 20467 3159 13 few few JJ 20467 3159 14 feet foot NNS 20467 3159 15 , , , 20467 3159 16 throws throw VBZ 20467 3159 17 off off RB 20467 3159 18 two two CD 20467 3159 19 or or CC 20467 3159 20 three three CD 20467 3159 21 large large JJ 20467 3159 22 limbs limb NNS 20467 3159 23 , , , 20467 3159 24 and and CC 20467 3159 25 is be VBZ 20467 3159 26 soon soon RB 20467 3159 27 lost lose VBN 20467 3159 28 amid amid IN 20467 3159 29 the the DT 20467 3159 30 slender slender NN 20467 3159 31 , , , 20467 3159 32 often often RB 20467 3159 33 gently gently RB 20467 3159 34 curving curve VBG 20467 3159 35 branches branch NNS 20467 3159 36 , , , 20467 3159 37 forming form VBG 20467 3159 38 a a DT 20467 3159 39 rather rather RB 20467 3159 40 open open JJ 20467 3159 41 , , , 20467 3159 42 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3159 43 head head NN 20467 3159 44 widest wide JJS 20467 3159 45 at at IN 20467 3159 46 or or CC 20467 3159 47 near near IN 20467 3159 48 the the DT 20467 3159 49 base base NN 20467 3159 50 , , , 20467 3159 51 with with IN 20467 3159 52 light light JJ 20467 3159 53 and and CC 20467 3159 54 graceful graceful JJ 20467 3159 55 foliage foliage NN 20467 3159 56 , , , 20467 3159 57 and and CC 20467 3159 58 a a DT 20467 3159 59 stout stout NN 20467 3159 60 , , , 20467 3159 61 rather rather RB 20467 3159 62 sparse sparse RB 20467 3159 63 , , , 20467 3159 64 glabrous glabrous JJ 20467 3159 65 , , , 20467 3159 66 and and CC 20467 3159 67 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3159 68 flattish flattish VB 20467 3159 69 spray spray NN 20467 3159 70 . . . 20467 3160 1 = = NFP 20467 3160 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 3160 3 of of IN 20467 3160 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 3160 5 in in IN 20467 3160 6 mature mature JJ 20467 3160 7 trees tree NNS 20467 3160 8 easily easily RB 20467 3160 9 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 20467 3160 10 at at IN 20467 3160 11 some some DT 20467 3160 12 distance distance NN 20467 3160 13 by by IN 20467 3160 14 the the DT 20467 3160 15 characteristic characteristic JJ 20467 3160 16 gray gray JJ 20467 3160 17 color color NN 20467 3160 18 and and CC 20467 3160 19 uniform uniform JJ 20467 3160 20 striation striation NN 20467 3160 21 ; ; : 20467 3160 22 ridges ridge VBZ 20467 3160 23 prominent prominent JJ 20467 3160 24 , , , 20467 3160 25 narrow narrow JJ 20467 3160 26 , , , 20467 3160 27 flattish flattish JJ 20467 3160 28 , , , 20467 3160 29 firm firm JJ 20467 3160 30 , , , 20467 3160 31 without without IN 20467 3160 32 surface surface NN 20467 3160 33 scales scale NNS 20467 3160 34 but but CC 20467 3160 35 with with IN 20467 3160 36 fine fine JJ 20467 3160 37 transverse transverse JJ 20467 3160 38 seams seam NNS 20467 3160 39 ; ; : 20467 3160 40 furrows furrow VBZ 20467 3160 41 fine fine JJ 20467 3160 42 and and CC 20467 3160 43 strong strong JJ 20467 3160 44 , , , 20467 3160 45 sinuous sinuous JJ 20467 3160 46 , , , 20467 3160 47 parallel parallel JJ 20467 3160 48 or or CC 20467 3160 49 connecting connect VBG 20467 3160 50 at at IN 20467 3160 51 intervals interval NNS 20467 3160 52 ; ; : 20467 3160 53 large large JJ 20467 3160 54 limbs limb NNS 20467 3160 55 more more RBR 20467 3160 56 or or CC 20467 3160 57 less less RBR 20467 3160 58 furrowed furrowed JJ 20467 3160 59 ; ; : 20467 3160 60 smaller small JJR 20467 3160 61 branches branch NNS 20467 3160 62 smooth smooth VBP 20467 3160 63 and and CC 20467 3160 64 grayish grayish NN 20467 3160 65 - - HYPH 20467 3160 66 green green JJ 20467 3160 67 ; ; : 20467 3160 68 season season NN 20467 3160 69 's 's POS 20467 3160 70 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3160 71 polished polish VBD 20467 3160 72 olive olive NN 20467 3160 73 green green JJ 20467 3160 74 ; ; : 20467 3160 75 leaf leaf NN 20467 3160 76 - - HYPH 20467 3160 77 scars scar NNS 20467 3160 78 prominent prominent JJ 20467 3160 79 . . . 20467 3161 1 = = NFP 20467 3161 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3161 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3161 4 and and CC 20467 3161 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 3161 6 short short JJ 20467 3161 7 , , , 20467 3161 8 rather rather RB 20467 3161 9 prominent prominent JJ 20467 3161 10 , , , 20467 3161 11 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3161 12 , , , 20467 3161 13 dark dark JJ 20467 3161 14 or or CC 20467 3161 15 pale pale JJ 20467 3161 16 rusty rusty JJ 20467 3161 17 brown brown NN 20467 3161 18 . . . 20467 3162 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 3162 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 3162 3 compound compound VBP 20467 3162 4 , , , 20467 3162 5 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3162 6 , , , 20467 3162 7 6 6 CD 20467 3162 8 - - SYM 20467 3162 9 12 12 CD 20467 3162 10 inches inch NNS 20467 3162 11 long long JJ 20467 3162 12 ; ; : 20467 3162 13 petiole petiole NN 20467 3162 14 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3162 15 and and CC 20467 3162 16 grooved grooved JJ 20467 3162 17 ; ; : 20467 3162 18 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 3162 19 5 5 CD 20467 3162 20 - - SYM 20467 3162 21 9 9 CD 20467 3162 22 , , , 20467 3162 23 2 2 CD 20467 3162 24 - - SYM 20467 3162 25 5 5 CD 20467 3162 26 inches inch NNS 20467 3162 27 long long JJ 20467 3162 28 , , , 20467 3162 29 deep deep JJ 20467 3162 30 green green JJ 20467 3162 31 and and CC 20467 3162 32 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3162 33 above above RB 20467 3162 34 , , , 20467 3162 35 paler paler NN 20467 3162 36 and and CC 20467 3162 37 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3162 38 , , , 20467 3162 39 or or CC 20467 3162 40 slightly slightly RB 20467 3162 41 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 3162 42 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3162 43 at at RB 20467 3162 44 least least JJS 20467 3162 45 when when WRB 20467 3162 46 young young JJ 20467 3162 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3162 48 beneath beneath RB 20467 3162 49 ; ; : 20467 3162 50 ovate ovate JJ 20467 3162 51 to to IN 20467 3162 52 lance lance NN 20467 3162 53 - - HYPH 20467 3162 54 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3162 55 , , , 20467 3162 56 entire entire JJ 20467 3162 57 or or CC 20467 3162 58 somewhat somewhat RB 20467 3162 59 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3162 60 ; ; : 20467 3162 61 apex apex NNP 20467 3162 62 pointed point VBD 20467 3162 63 ; ; : 20467 3162 64 base base NN 20467 3162 65 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 3162 66 , , , 20467 3162 67 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3162 68 or or CC 20467 3162 69 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3162 70 acute acute JJ 20467 3162 71 ; ; : 20467 3162 72 leaflet leaflet NNP 20467 3162 73 stalks stalks NNP 20467 3162 74 short short JJ 20467 3162 75 , , , 20467 3162 76 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3162 77 ; ; : 20467 3162 78 stipules stipule NNS 20467 3162 79 and and CC 20467 3162 80 stipels stipel VBZ 20467 3162 81 none none NN 20467 3162 82 . . . 20467 3163 1 = = NFP 20467 3163 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 3163 3 . . . 20467 3164 1 In in IN 20467 3164 2 loose loose JJ 20467 3164 3 panicles panicle NNS 20467 3164 4 from from IN 20467 3164 5 lateral lateral JJ 20467 3164 6 or or CC 20467 3164 7 terminal terminal JJ 20467 3164 8 buds bud NNS 20467 3164 9 of of IN 20467 3164 10 the the DT 20467 3164 11 previous previous JJ 20467 3164 12 season season NN 20467 3164 13 's 's POS 20467 3164 14 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3164 15 , , , 20467 3164 16 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3164 17 and and CC 20467 3164 18 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3164 19 flowers flower NNS 20467 3164 20 for for IN 20467 3164 21 the the DT 20467 3164 22 most most JJS 20467 3164 23 part part NN 20467 3164 24 on on IN 20467 3164 25 separate separate JJ 20467 3164 26 trees tree NNS 20467 3164 27 , , , 20467 3164 28 numerous numerous JJ 20467 3164 29 , , , 20467 3164 30 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 20467 3164 31 ; ; : 20467 3164 32 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3164 33 in in IN 20467 3164 34 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3164 35 flowers flower NNS 20467 3164 36 4-toothed 4-toothed CD 20467 3164 37 , , , 20467 3164 38 petals petal NNS 20467 3164 39 none none NN 20467 3164 40 , , , 20467 3164 41 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 3164 42 2 2 CD 20467 3164 43 - - SYM 20467 3164 44 4 4 CD 20467 3164 45 , , , 20467 3164 46 anthers anther NNS 20467 3164 47 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3164 48 ; ; : 20467 3164 49 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3164 50 in in IN 20467 3164 51 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3164 52 flowers flower NNS 20467 3164 53 unequally unequally RB 20467 3164 54 4-toothed 4-toothed CD 20467 3164 55 or or CC 20467 3164 56 nearly nearly RB 20467 3164 57 entire entire JJ 20467 3164 58 , , , 20467 3164 59 persistent persistent JJ 20467 3164 60 ; ; : 20467 3164 61 petals petal NNS 20467 3164 62 none none NN 20467 3164 63 , , , 20467 3164 64 stamens stamen VBZ 20467 3164 65 none none NN 20467 3164 66 , , , 20467 3164 67 pistil pistil NN 20467 3164 68 1 1 CD 20467 3164 69 , , , 20467 3164 70 style style NN 20467 3164 71 1 1 CD 20467 3164 72 , , , 20467 3164 73 stigma stigma NNP 20467 3164 74 2-cleft 2-cleft CD 20467 3164 75 . . . 20467 3165 1 = = NFP 20467 3165 2 Fruit.=--Ripening fruit.=--ripene VBG 20467 3165 3 in in IN 20467 3165 4 early early JJ 20467 3165 5 fall fall NN 20467 3165 6 , , , 20467 3165 7 and and CC 20467 3165 8 hanging hang VBG 20467 3165 9 in in IN 20467 3165 10 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3165 11 into into IN 20467 3165 12 the the DT 20467 3165 13 winter winter NN 20467 3165 14 ; ; : 20467 3165 15 a a DT 20467 3165 16 samara samara NN 20467 3165 17 or or CC 20467 3165 18 key key JJ 20467 3165 19 1 1 CD 20467 3165 20 - - SYM 20467 3165 21 2 2 CD 20467 3165 22 inches inch NNS 20467 3165 23 long long JJ 20467 3165 24 , , , 20467 3165 25 body body NN 20467 3165 26 nearly nearly RB 20467 3165 27 terete terete VBP 20467 3165 28 , , , 20467 3165 29 marginless marginless NN 20467 3165 30 below below RB 20467 3165 31 , , , 20467 3165 32 dilating dilate VBG 20467 3165 33 from from IN 20467 3165 34 near near IN 20467 3165 35 the the DT 20467 3165 36 tip tip NN 20467 3165 37 into into IN 20467 3165 38 a a DT 20467 3165 39 wing wing NN 20467 3165 40 two two CD 20467 3165 41 or or CC 20467 3165 42 three three CD 20467 3165 43 times time NNS 20467 3165 44 as as RB 20467 3165 45 long long RB 20467 3165 46 as as IN 20467 3165 47 the the DT 20467 3165 48 body body NN 20467 3165 49 . . . 20467 3166 1 = = NFP 20467 3166 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3166 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3166 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 3166 5 New New NNP 20467 3166 6 England England NNP 20467 3166 7 ; ; : 20467 3166 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 3166 9 a a DT 20467 3166 10 rich rich JJ 20467 3166 11 , , , 20467 3166 12 moist moist JJ 20467 3166 13 , , , 20467 3166 14 loamy loamy JJ 20467 3166 15 soil soil NN 20467 3166 16 , , , 20467 3166 17 but but CC 20467 3166 18 grows grow VBZ 20467 3166 19 in in IN 20467 3166 20 any any DT 20467 3166 21 well well RB 20467 3166 22 - - HYPH 20467 3166 23 drained drain VBN 20467 3166 24 situation situation NN 20467 3166 25 ; ; , 20467 3166 26 easily easily RB 20467 3166 27 transplanted transplant VBN 20467 3166 28 , , , 20467 3166 29 usually usually RB 20467 3166 30 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 3166 31 in in IN 20467 3166 32 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3166 33 , , , 20467 3166 34 and and CC 20467 3166 35 can can MD 20467 3166 36 be be VB 20467 3166 37 collected collect VBN 20467 3166 38 successfully successfully RB 20467 3166 39 . . . 20467 3167 1 It -PRON- PRP 20467 3167 2 is be VBZ 20467 3167 3 one one CD 20467 3167 4 of of IN 20467 3167 5 the the DT 20467 3167 6 most most RBS 20467 3167 7 desirable desirable JJ 20467 3167 8 native native JJ 20467 3167 9 trees tree NNS 20467 3167 10 for for IN 20467 3167 11 landscape landscape NN 20467 3167 12 and and CC 20467 3167 13 street street NN 20467 3167 14 plantations plantation NNS 20467 3167 15 , , , 20467 3167 16 on on IN 20467 3167 17 account account NN 20467 3167 18 of of IN 20467 3167 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3167 20 rapid rapid JJ 20467 3167 21 and and CC 20467 3167 22 clean clean JJ 20467 3167 23 growth growth NN 20467 3167 24 , , , 20467 3167 25 freedom freedom NN 20467 3167 26 from from IN 20467 3167 27 disease disease NN 20467 3167 28 , , , 20467 3167 29 moderate moderate JJ 20467 3167 30 shade shade NN 20467 3167 31 , , , 20467 3167 32 and and CC 20467 3167 33 richly richly RB 20467 3167 34 colored color VBN 20467 3167 35 autumn autumn NN 20467 3167 36 foliage foliage NN 20467 3167 37 . . . 20467 3168 1 As as IN 20467 3168 2 the the DT 20467 3168 3 leaves leave NNS 20467 3168 4 appear appear VBP 20467 3168 5 late late JJ 20467 3168 6 in in IN 20467 3168 7 spring spring NN 20467 3168 8 and and CC 20467 3168 9 fall fall VB 20467 3168 10 early early RB 20467 3168 11 in in IN 20467 3168 12 autumn autumn NN 20467 3168 13 , , , 20467 3168 14 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3168 15 is be VBZ 20467 3168 16 desirable desirable JJ 20467 3168 17 to to TO 20467 3168 18 plant plant VB 20467 3168 19 with with IN 20467 3168 20 other other JJ 20467 3168 21 trees tree NNS 20467 3168 22 of of IN 20467 3168 23 different different JJ 20467 3168 24 habit habit NN 20467 3168 25 . . . 20467 3169 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 3169 2 from from IN 20467 3169 3 seed seed NN 20467 3169 4 . . . 20467 3170 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3170 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3170 3 : : : 20467 3170 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3170 5 LXXXIII.--Fraxinus lxxxiii.--fraxinus IN 20467 3170 6 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3170 7 . . . 20467 3170 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3171 1 1 1 LS 20467 3171 2 . . . 20467 3172 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3172 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3172 3 . . . 20467 3173 1 2 2 LS 20467 3173 2 . . . 20467 3174 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3174 2 with with IN 20467 3174 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3174 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3174 5 . . . 20467 3175 1 3 3 LS 20467 3175 2 . . . 20467 3176 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 3176 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 3176 3 . . . 20467 3177 1 4 4 LS 20467 3177 2 . . . 20467 3178 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3178 2 with with IN 20467 3178 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3178 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3178 5 . . . 20467 3179 1 5 5 CD 20467 3179 2 . . . 20467 3180 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 3180 2 flower flower NN 20467 3180 3 . . . 20467 3181 1 6 6 CD 20467 3181 2 . . . 20467 3182 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3182 2 branch branch NN 20467 3182 3 . . . 20467 3183 1 = = NFP 20467 3183 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3183 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3183 4 , , , 20467 3183 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 3183 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3183 7 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3183 8 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 3183 9 , , , 20467 3183 10 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3183 11 . . . 20467 3183 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3183 13 RED RED NNP 20467 3183 14 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3183 15 . . . 20467 3184 1 BROWN BROWN NNP 20467 3184 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3184 3 . . . 20467 3185 1 RIVER RIVER NNP 20467 3185 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3185 3 . . . 20467 3186 1 = = NFP 20467 3186 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3186 3 and and CC 20467 3186 4 Range.=--River range.=--river NN 20467 3186 5 banks bank NNS 20467 3186 6 , , , 20467 3186 7 swampy swampy JJ 20467 3186 8 lowlands lowland NNS 20467 3186 9 , , , 20467 3186 10 margins margin NNS 20467 3186 11 of of IN 20467 3186 12 streams stream NNS 20467 3186 13 and and CC 20467 3186 14 ponds pond NNS 20467 3186 15 . . . 20467 3187 1 New New NNP 20467 3187 2 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 20467 3187 3 to to IN 20467 3187 4 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 20467 3187 5 . . . 20467 3188 1 Maine,--infrequent maine,--infrequent FW 20467 3188 2 ; ; : 20467 3188 3 New New NNP 20467 3188 4 Hampshire,--occasional hampshire,--occasional JJ 20467 3188 5 , , , 20467 3188 6 extending extend VBG 20467 3188 7 as as IN 20467 3188 8 far far RB 20467 3188 9 north north RB 20467 3188 10 as as IN 20467 3188 11 Boscawen Boscawen NNP 20467 3188 12 in in IN 20467 3188 13 the the DT 20467 3188 14 Merrimac Merrimac NNP 20467 3188 15 valley valley NN 20467 3188 16 ; ; : 20467 3188 17 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 3188 18 along along IN 20467 3188 19 Lake Lake NNP 20467 3188 20 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 3188 21 and and CC 20467 3188 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3188 23 tributaries tributary NNS 20467 3188 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3188 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3188 26 Flora Flora NNP 20467 3188 27 of of IN 20467 3188 28 Vermont Vermont NNP 20467 3188 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3188 30 , , , 20467 3188 31 1900 1900 CD 20467 3188 32 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3188 33 ; ; , 20467 3188 34 occasional occasional JJ 20467 3188 35 in in IN 20467 3188 36 other other JJ 20467 3188 37 sections section NNS 20467 3188 38 ; ; : 20467 3188 39 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 3188 40 and and CC 20467 3188 41 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 3188 42 Island,--sparingly island,--sparingly RB 20467 3188 43 scattered scatter VBD 20467 3188 44 throughout throughout IN 20467 3188 45 ; ; : 20467 3188 46 Connecticut,--reported connecticut,--reporte VBN 20467 3188 47 from from IN 20467 3188 48 East East NNP 20467 3188 49 Hartford Hartford NNP 20467 3188 50 , , , 20467 3188 51 Westville Westville NNP 20467 3188 52 , , , 20467 3188 53 Canaan Canaan NNP 20467 3188 54 , , , 20467 3188 55 and and CC 20467 3188 56 Lisbon Lisbon NNP 20467 3188 57 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3188 58 J. J. NNP 20467 3188 59 N. N. NNP 20467 3188 60 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 3188 61 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3188 62 . . . 20467 3189 1 South south RB 20467 3189 2 to to IN 20467 3189 3 Florida Florida NNP 20467 3189 4 and and CC 20467 3189 5 Alabama Alabama NNP 20467 3189 6 ; ; : 20467 3189 7 west west NN 20467 3189 8 to to IN 20467 3189 9 Dakota Dakota NNP 20467 3189 10 , , , 20467 3189 11 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 3189 12 , , , 20467 3189 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 20467 3189 14 , , , 20467 3189 15 and and CC 20467 3189 16 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 3189 17 . . . 20467 3190 1 = = NFP 20467 3190 2 Habit.=--Medium habit.=--medium NN 20467 3190 3 - - HYPH 20467 3190 4 sized sized JJ 20467 3190 5 to to IN 20467 3190 6 large large JJ 20467 3190 7 tree tree NN 20467 3190 8 , , , 20467 3190 9 30 30 CD 20467 3190 10 - - SYM 20467 3190 11 70 70 CD 20467 3190 12 feet foot NNS 20467 3190 13 high high JJ 20467 3190 14 , , , 20467 3190 15 with with IN 20467 3190 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 3190 17 1 1 CD 20467 3190 18 - - SYM 20467 3190 19 3 3 CD 20467 3190 20 feet foot NNS 20467 3190 21 in in IN 20467 3190 22 diameter diameter NN 20467 3190 23 ; ; : 20467 3190 24 erect erect NN 20467 3190 25 , , , 20467 3190 26 branches branch NNS 20467 3190 27 spreading spread VBG 20467 3190 28 , , , 20467 3190 29 broad broad RB 20467 3190 30 - - HYPH 20467 3190 31 headed head VBN 20467 3190 32 ; ; : 20467 3190 33 in in IN 20467 3190 34 general general JJ 20467 3190 35 appearance appearance NN 20467 3190 36 resembling resemble VBG 20467 3190 37 the the DT 20467 3190 38 white white JJ 20467 3190 39 ash ash NN 20467 3190 40 . . . 20467 3191 1 = = NFP 20467 3191 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 3191 3 dark dark JJ 20467 3191 4 gray gray NN 20467 3191 5 or or CC 20467 3191 6 brown brown JJ 20467 3191 7 , , , 20467 3191 8 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3191 9 in in IN 20467 3191 10 young young JJ 20467 3191 11 trees tree NNS 20467 3191 12 , , , 20467 3191 13 furrowed furrow VBN 20467 3191 14 in in IN 20467 3191 15 old old JJ 20467 3191 16 , , , 20467 3191 17 furrows furrow NNS 20467 3191 18 rather rather RB 20467 3191 19 shallower shallow JJR 20467 3191 20 than than IN 20467 3191 21 in in IN 20467 3191 22 the the DT 20467 3191 23 white white JJ 20467 3191 24 ash ash NN 20467 3191 25 ; ; : 20467 3191 26 branches branch NNS 20467 3191 27 grayish grayish NN 20467 3191 28 ; ; , 20467 3191 29 young young JJ 20467 3191 30 shoots shoot VBZ 20467 3191 31 greenish greenish JJ 20467 3191 32 - - HYPH 20467 3191 33 gray gray JJ 20467 3191 34 with with IN 20467 3191 35 a a DT 20467 3191 36 rusty rusty NN 20467 3191 37 - - HYPH 20467 3191 38 velvety velvety NN 20467 3191 39 or or CC 20467 3191 40 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 3191 41 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 3191 42 lasting last VBG 20467 3191 43 often often RB 20467 3191 44 into into IN 20467 3191 45 the the DT 20467 3191 46 second second JJ 20467 3191 47 year year NN 20467 3191 48 . . . 20467 3192 1 = = NFP 20467 3192 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3192 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3192 4 and and CC 20467 3192 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 3192 6 rounded round VBD 20467 3192 7 , , , 20467 3192 8 dark dark JJ 20467 3192 9 reddish reddish JJ 20467 3192 10 - - HYPH 20467 3192 11 brown brown NN 20467 3192 12 , , , 20467 3192 13 more more RBR 20467 3192 14 or or CC 20467 3192 15 less less RBR 20467 3192 16 downy downy JJ 20467 3192 17 , , , 20467 3192 18 smaller small JJR 20467 3192 19 than than IN 20467 3192 20 those those DT 20467 3192 21 of of IN 20467 3192 22 the the DT 20467 3192 23 white white JJ 20467 3192 24 ash ash NNP 20467 3192 25 , , , 20467 3192 26 partially partially RB 20467 3192 27 covered cover VBN 20467 3192 28 by by IN 20467 3192 29 the the DT 20467 3192 30 swollen swollen JJ 20467 3192 31 petiole petiole NN 20467 3192 32 . . . 20467 3193 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 3193 2 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 3193 3 compound compound VBP 20467 3193 4 , , , 20467 3193 5 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3193 6 , , , 20467 3193 7 9 9 CD 20467 3193 8 - - SYM 20467 3193 9 15 15 CD 20467 3193 10 inches inch NNS 20467 3193 11 long long JJ 20467 3193 12 ; ; : 20467 3193 13 petiole petiole JJ 20467 3193 14 short short JJ 20467 3193 15 , , , 20467 3193 16 downy downy JJ 20467 3193 17 , , , 20467 3193 18 enlarged enlarge VBN 20467 3193 19 at at IN 20467 3193 20 base base NN 20467 3193 21 ; ; : 20467 3193 22 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 3193 23 7 7 CD 20467 3193 24 - - SYM 20467 3193 25 9 9 CD 20467 3193 26 , , , 20467 3193 27 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3193 28 , , , 20467 3193 29 3 3 CD 20467 3193 30 - - SYM 20467 3193 31 5 5 CD 20467 3193 32 inches inch NNS 20467 3193 33 long long JJ 20467 3193 34 , , , 20467 3193 35 about about RB 20467 3193 36 one one CD 20467 3193 37 half half NN 20467 3193 38 as as RB 20467 3193 39 wide wide JJ 20467 3193 40 , , , 20467 3193 41 light light JJ 20467 3193 42 green green JJ 20467 3193 43 and and CC 20467 3193 44 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3193 45 above above RB 20467 3193 46 , , , 20467 3193 47 paler paler NN 20467 3193 48 and and CC 20467 3193 49 more more RBR 20467 3193 50 or or CC 20467 3193 51 less less RBR 20467 3193 52 downy downy JJ 20467 3193 53 beneath beneath RB 20467 3193 54 ; ; : 20467 3193 55 outline outline VB 20467 3193 56 extremely extremely RB 20467 3193 57 variable variable JJ 20467 3193 58 , , , 20467 3193 59 ovate ovate JJ 20467 3193 60 , , , 20467 3193 61 narrow narrow JJ 20467 3193 62 - - HYPH 20467 3193 63 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3193 64 , , , 20467 3193 65 elliptical elliptical JJ 20467 3193 66 or or CC 20467 3193 67 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3193 68 obovate obovate JJ 20467 3193 69 , , , 20467 3193 70 entire entire JJ 20467 3193 71 or or CC 20467 3193 72 slightly slightly RB 20467 3193 73 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3193 74 ; ; : 20467 3193 75 apex apex NNP 20467 3193 76 acute acute JJ 20467 3193 77 to to TO 20467 3193 78 acuminate acuminate VB 20467 3193 79 ; ; : 20467 3193 80 base base NN 20467 3193 81 acute acute NN 20467 3193 82 or or CC 20467 3193 83 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3193 84 ; ; : 20467 3193 85 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 3193 86 stalks stalk NNS 20467 3193 87 short short JJ 20467 3193 88 , , , 20467 3193 89 grooved grooved JJ 20467 3193 90 , , , 20467 3193 91 downy downy JJ 20467 3193 92 ; ; : 20467 3193 93 stipules stipule NNS 20467 3193 94 and and CC 20467 3193 95 stipels stipel VBZ 20467 3193 96 none none NN 20467 3193 97 . . . 20467 3194 1 = = NFP 20467 3194 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 3194 3 . . . 20467 3195 1 Similar similar JJ 20467 3195 2 to to IN 20467 3195 3 that that DT 20467 3195 4 of of IN 20467 3195 5 the the DT 20467 3195 6 white white NNP 20467 3195 7 ash ash NNP 20467 3195 8 . . . 20467 3196 1 = = NFP 20467 3196 2 Fruit.=--Ripening fruit.=--ripene VBG 20467 3196 3 in in IN 20467 3196 4 early early JJ 20467 3196 5 fall fall NN 20467 3196 6 , , , 20467 3196 7 and and CC 20467 3196 8 hanging hang VBG 20467 3196 9 in in IN 20467 3196 10 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3196 11 into into IN 20467 3196 12 the the DT 20467 3196 13 winter winter NN 20467 3196 14 ; ; : 20467 3196 15 samara samara NN 20467 3196 16 or or CC 20467 3196 17 key key NN 20467 3196 18 about about RB 20467 3196 19 1 1 CD 20467 3196 20 - - SYM 20467 3196 21 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3196 22 inches inch NNS 20467 3196 23 long long JJ 20467 3196 24 ; ; : 20467 3196 25 body body NN 20467 3196 26 of of IN 20467 3196 27 the the DT 20467 3196 28 fruit fruit NN 20467 3196 29 narrowly narrowly RB 20467 3196 30 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 20467 3196 31 , , , 20467 3196 32 the the DT 20467 3196 33 edges edge NNS 20467 3196 34 gradually gradually RB 20467 3196 35 widening widen VBG 20467 3196 36 from from IN 20467 3196 37 about about IN 20467 3196 38 the the DT 20467 3196 39 center center NN 20467 3196 40 into into IN 20467 3196 41 linear linear JJ 20467 3196 42 or or CC 20467 3196 43 spatulate spatulate JJ 20467 3196 44 wings wing NNS 20467 3196 45 , , , 20467 3196 46 obtuse obtuse JJ 20467 3196 47 or or CC 20467 3196 48 rounded round VBD 20467 3196 49 at at IN 20467 3196 50 the the DT 20467 3196 51 ends end NNS 20467 3196 52 , , , 20467 3196 53 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3196 54 mucronate mucronate JJ 20467 3196 55 . . . 20467 3197 1 = = NFP 20467 3197 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3197 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3197 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 3197 5 New New NNP 20467 3197 6 England England NNP 20467 3197 7 ; ; : 20467 3197 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 3197 9 readily readily RB 20467 3197 10 in in IN 20467 3197 11 any any DT 20467 3197 12 good good JJ 20467 3197 13 soil soil NN 20467 3197 14 , , , 20467 3197 15 but but CC 20467 3197 16 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 3197 17 a a DT 20467 3197 18 wet wet JJ 20467 3197 19 or or CC 20467 3197 20 moist moist JJ 20467 3197 21 , , , 20467 3197 22 rich rich JJ 20467 3197 23 loam loam NN 20467 3197 24 ; ; : 20467 3197 25 almost almost RB 20467 3197 26 as as IN 20467 3197 27 rapid rapid JJ 20467 3197 28 growing growing NN 20467 3197 29 when when WRB 20467 3197 30 young young JJ 20467 3197 31 as as IN 20467 3197 32 the the DT 20467 3197 33 white white NNP 20467 3197 34 ash ash NN 20467 3197 35 , , , 20467 3197 36 and and CC 20467 3197 37 is be VBZ 20467 3197 38 not not RB 20467 3197 39 seriously seriously RB 20467 3197 40 affected affect VBN 20467 3197 41 by by IN 20467 3197 42 insects insect NNS 20467 3197 43 or or CC 20467 3197 44 fungous fungous JJ 20467 3197 45 diseases disease NNS 20467 3197 46 ; ; , 20467 3197 47 worthy worthy JJ 20467 3197 48 of of IN 20467 3197 49 a a DT 20467 3197 50 place place NN 20467 3197 51 in in IN 20467 3197 52 landscape landscape NN 20467 3197 53 plantations plantation NNS 20467 3197 54 and and CC 20467 3197 55 on on IN 20467 3197 56 streets street NNS 20467 3197 57 , , , 20467 3197 58 but but CC 20467 3197 59 not not RB 20467 3197 60 often often RB 20467 3197 61 found find VBN 20467 3197 62 in in IN 20467 3197 63 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3197 64 ; ; , 20467 3197 65 propagated propagate VBN 20467 3197 66 from from IN 20467 3197 67 seed seed NN 20467 3197 68 . . . 20467 3198 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3198 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3198 3 : : : 20467 3198 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3198 5 LXXXIV.--Fraxinus lxxxiv.--fraxinus NN 20467 3198 6 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3198 7 . . . 20467 3198 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3199 1 1 1 LS 20467 3199 2 . . . 20467 3200 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3200 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3200 3 . . . 20467 3201 1 2 2 LS 20467 3201 2 . . . 20467 3202 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3202 2 with with IN 20467 3202 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3202 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3202 5 . . . 20467 3203 1 3 3 LS 20467 3203 2 . . . 20467 3204 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 3204 2 flowers flower NNS 20467 3204 3 . . . 20467 3205 1 4 4 LS 20467 3205 2 . . . 20467 3206 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3206 2 with with IN 20467 3206 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3206 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3206 5 . . . 20467 3207 1 5 5 CD 20467 3207 2 . . . 20467 3208 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 3208 2 flower flower NN 20467 3208 3 . . . 20467 3209 1 6 6 CD 20467 3209 2 . . . 20467 3210 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3210 2 branch branch NN 20467 3210 3 . . . 20467 3211 1 7 7 LS 20467 3211 2 . . . 20467 3212 1 Mature mature JJ 20467 3212 2 leaf leaf NN 20467 3212 3 . . . 20467 3213 1 = = NFP 20467 3213 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3213 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3213 4 , , , 20467 3213 5 var var NN 20467 3213 6 . . . 20467 3214 1 lanceolata lanceolata NNP 20467 3214 2 , , , 20467 3214 3 Sarg.= Sarg.= NNP 20467 3214 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3214 5 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3214 6 viridis viridis NN 20467 3214 7 , , , 20467 3214 8 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3214 9 . . . 20467 3215 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3215 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3215 3 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 3215 4 , , , 20467 3215 5 Borkh Borkh NNP 20467 3215 6 . . . 20467 3215 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3215 8 GREEN GREEN NNP 20467 3215 9 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3215 10 . . . 20467 3216 1 River river NN 20467 3216 2 valleys valley NNS 20467 3216 3 and and CC 20467 3216 4 wet wet JJ 20467 3216 5 woods wood NNS 20467 3216 6 . . . 20467 3217 1 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 3217 2 to to IN 20467 3217 3 Saskatchewan Saskatchewan NNP 20467 3217 4 . . . 20467 3218 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 3218 2 along along IN 20467 3218 3 the the DT 20467 3218 4 Penobscot Penobscot NNP 20467 3218 5 river river NN 20467 3218 6 from from IN 20467 3218 7 Oldtown Oldtown NNP 20467 3218 8 to to IN 20467 3218 9 Bangor Bangor NNP 20467 3218 10 ; ; : 20467 3218 11 Vermont,--along Vermont,--along NNP 20467 3218 12 Lake Lake NNP 20467 3218 13 Champlain Champlain NNP 20467 3218 14 ; ; : 20467 3218 15 Gardner Gardner NNP 20467 3218 16 's 's POS 20467 3218 17 island island NN 20467 3218 18 , , , 20467 3218 19 and and CC 20467 3218 20 the the DT 20467 3218 21 north north JJ 20467 3218 22 end end NN 20467 3218 23 of of IN 20467 3218 24 South South NNP 20467 3218 25 Hero Hero NNP 20467 3218 26 ; ; : 20467 3218 27 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 3218 28 Island Island NNP 20467 3218 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3218 30 Bailey Bailey NNP 20467 3218 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3218 32 ; ; : 20467 3218 33 Connecticut,--frequent Connecticut,--frequent NNP 20467 3218 34 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3218 35 J. J. NNP 20467 3218 36 N. N. NNP 20467 3218 37 Bishop Bishop NNP 20467 3218 38 , , , 20467 3218 39 _ _ NNP 20467 3218 40 Report Report NNP 20467 3218 41 of of IN 20467 3218 42 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 3218 43 Board Board NNP 20467 3218 44 of of IN 20467 3218 45 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 20467 3218 46 _ _ NNP 20467 3218 47 , , , 20467 3218 48 1895 1895 CD 20467 3218 49 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3218 50 . . . 20467 3219 1 South south RB 20467 3219 2 along along IN 20467 3219 3 the the DT 20467 3219 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 3219 5 to to IN 20467 3219 6 Florida Florida NNP 20467 3219 7 ; ; : 20467 3219 8 west west NN 20467 3219 9 to to IN 20467 3219 10 the the DT 20467 3219 11 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 3219 12 mountains mountain NNS 20467 3219 13 . . . 20467 3220 1 The the DT 20467 3220 2 claims claim NNS 20467 3220 3 to to IN 20467 3220 4 specific specific JJ 20467 3220 5 distinction distinction NN 20467 3220 6 rest rest NN 20467 3220 7 mainly mainly RB 20467 3220 8 upon upon IN 20467 3220 9 the the DT 20467 3220 10 usual usual JJ 20467 3220 11 absence absence NN 20467 3220 12 of of IN 20467 3220 13 pubescence pubescence NN 20467 3220 14 from from IN 20467 3220 15 the the DT 20467 3220 16 young young JJ 20467 3220 17 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3220 18 , , , 20467 3220 19 leaves leave NNS 20467 3220 20 and and CC 20467 3220 21 petioles petiole NNS 20467 3220 22 , , , 20467 3220 23 the the DT 20467 3220 24 color color NN 20467 3220 25 of of IN 20467 3220 26 the the DT 20467 3220 27 leaves leave NNS 20467 3220 28 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3220 29 which which WDT 20467 3220 30 is be VBZ 20467 3220 31 bright bright JJ 20467 3220 32 green green JJ 20467 3220 33 above above RB 20467 3220 34 and and CC 20467 3220 35 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 3220 36 less less RBR 20467 3220 37 so so RB 20467 3220 38 beneath beneath RB 20467 3220 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3220 40 , , , 20467 3220 41 the the DT 20467 3220 42 usually usually RB 20467 3220 43 more more RBR 20467 3220 44 distinct distinct JJ 20467 3220 45 serratures serrature NNS 20467 3220 46 above above IN 20467 3220 47 the the DT 20467 3220 48 center center NN 20467 3220 49 , , , 20467 3220 50 and and CC 20467 3220 51 a a DT 20467 3220 52 rather rather RB 20467 3220 53 more more JJR 20467 3220 54 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 3220 55 apex apex NN 20467 3220 56 . . . 20467 3221 1 Apparently apparently RB 20467 3221 2 an an DT 20467 3221 3 extreme extreme JJ 20467 3221 4 form form NN 20467 3221 5 of of IN 20467 3221 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3221 7 F. F. NNP 20467 3222 1 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 3222 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3222 3 , , , 20467 3222 4 connected connect VBN 20467 3222 5 with with IN 20467 3222 6 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3222 7 by by IN 20467 3222 8 numerous numerous JJ 20467 3222 9 intermediate intermediate JJ 20467 3222 10 forms form NNS 20467 3222 11 through through IN 20467 3222 12 the the DT 20467 3222 13 entire entire JJ 20467 3222 14 range range NN 20467 3222 15 of of IN 20467 3222 16 the the DT 20467 3222 17 species specie NNS 20467 3222 18 . . . 20467 3223 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3223 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3223 3 : : : 20467 3223 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3223 5 LXXXV.--Fraxinus LXXXV.--Fraxinus NNP 20467 3223 6 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3223 7 , , , 20467 3223 8 var var NN 20467 3223 9 . . . 20467 3224 1 lanceolata lanceolata NNP 20467 3224 2 . . . 20467 3224 3 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3225 1 1 1 LS 20467 3225 2 . . . 20467 3226 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3226 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3226 3 . . . 20467 3227 1 2 2 LS 20467 3227 2 . . . 20467 3228 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3228 2 branch branch NN 20467 3228 3 . . . 20467 3229 1 = = NFP 20467 3229 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3229 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3229 4 , , , 20467 3229 5 Marsh.= Marsh.= NNP 20467 3229 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3229 7 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3229 8 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3229 9 , , , 20467 3229 10 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3229 11 . . . 20467 3229 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3229 13 BLACK BLACK NNP 20467 3229 14 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3229 15 . . . 20467 3230 1 SWAMP SWAMP NNP 20467 3230 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3230 3 . . . 20467 3231 1 BASKET BASKET NNP 20467 3231 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3231 3 . . . 20467 3232 1 HOOP HOOP NNP 20467 3232 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3232 3 . . . 20467 3233 1 BROWN BROWN NNP 20467 3233 2 ASH ASH NNP 20467 3233 3 . . . 20467 3234 1 = = NFP 20467 3234 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3234 3 and and CC 20467 3234 4 Range.=--Wet range.=--wet JJ 20467 3234 5 woods wood NNS 20467 3234 6 , , , 20467 3234 7 river river NN 20467 3234 8 bottoms bottom NNS 20467 3234 9 , , , 20467 3234 10 and and CC 20467 3234 11 swamps swamp NNS 20467 3234 12 . . . 20467 3235 1 Anticosti Anticosti NNP 20467 3235 2 through through IN 20467 3235 3 Ontario Ontario NNP 20467 3235 4 . . . 20467 3236 1 Maine,--common Maine,--common NNP 20467 3236 2 ; ; : 20467 3236 3 New New NNP 20467 3236 4 Hampshire,--south Hampshire,--south NNP 20467 3236 5 of of IN 20467 3236 6 the the DT 20467 3236 7 White white JJ 20467 3236 8 mountains mountain NNS 20467 3236 9 ; ; : 20467 3236 10 Vermont,--common Vermont,--common NNP 20467 3236 11 ; ; : 20467 3236 12 Massachusetts,--more Massachusetts,--more NNP 20467 3236 13 common common JJ 20467 3236 14 in in IN 20467 3236 15 central central JJ 20467 3236 16 and and CC 20467 3236 17 western western JJ 20467 3236 18 sections section NNS 20467 3236 19 ; ; : 20467 3236 20 Rhode Rhode NNP 20467 3236 21 Island,--infrequent island,--infrequent NN 20467 3236 22 ; ; : 20467 3236 23 Connecticut,--occasional connecticut,--occasional NN 20467 3236 24 throughout throughout IN 20467 3236 25 . . . 20467 3237 1 South South NNP 20467 3237 2 to to IN 20467 3237 3 Delaware Delaware NNP 20467 3237 4 and and CC 20467 3237 5 Virginia Virginia NNP 20467 3237 6 ; ; : 20467 3237 7 west west NN 20467 3237 8 to to IN 20467 3237 9 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 20467 3237 10 and and CC 20467 3237 11 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 3237 12 . . . 20467 3238 1 = = NFP 20467 3238 2 Habit.=--A habit.=--a ADD 20467 3238 3 tall tall JJ 20467 3238 4 tree tree NN 20467 3238 5 reaching reach VBG 20467 3238 6 a a DT 20467 3238 7 height height NN 20467 3238 8 of of IN 20467 3238 9 60 60 CD 20467 3238 10 - - SYM 20467 3238 11 80 80 CD 20467 3238 12 feet foot NNS 20467 3238 13 , , , 20467 3238 14 with with IN 20467 3238 15 a a DT 20467 3238 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 3238 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 3238 18 of of IN 20467 3238 19 1 1 CD 20467 3238 20 - - SYM 20467 3238 21 2 2 CD 20467 3238 22 feet foot NNS 20467 3238 23 ; ; , 20467 3238 24 attaining attain VBG 20467 3238 25 greater great JJR 20467 3238 26 dimensions dimension NNS 20467 3238 27 southward southward RB 20467 3238 28 . . . 20467 3239 1 In in IN 20467 3239 2 swamps swamp NNS 20467 3239 3 , , , 20467 3239 4 when when WRB 20467 3239 5 shut shut VBN 20467 3239 6 in in RP 20467 3239 7 by by IN 20467 3239 8 other other JJ 20467 3239 9 trees tree NNS 20467 3239 10 , , , 20467 3239 11 the the DT 20467 3239 12 trunk trunk NN 20467 3239 13 is be VBZ 20467 3239 14 straight straight JJ 20467 3239 15 , , , 20467 3239 16 very very RB 20467 3239 17 slender slend JJR 20467 3239 18 , , , 20467 3239 19 scarcely scarcely RB 20467 3239 20 tapering taper VBG 20467 3239 21 to to TO 20467 3239 22 point point NN 20467 3239 23 of of IN 20467 3239 24 branching branching NN 20467 3239 25 , , , 20467 3239 26 in in IN 20467 3239 27 open open JJ 20467 3239 28 situations situation NNS 20467 3239 29 under under IN 20467 3239 30 favorable favorable JJ 20467 3239 31 conditions condition NNS 20467 3239 32 forming form VBG 20467 3239 33 a a DT 20467 3239 34 large large JJ 20467 3239 35 , , , 20467 3239 36 round round JJ 20467 3239 37 , , , 20467 3239 38 open open JJ 20467 3239 39 head head NN 20467 3239 40 . . . 20467 3240 1 Easily easily RB 20467 3240 2 distinguished distinguish VBN 20467 3240 3 from from IN 20467 3240 4 the the DT 20467 3240 5 other other JJ 20467 3240 6 ashes ashe NNS 20467 3240 7 by by IN 20467 3240 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3240 9 sessile sessile NN 20467 3240 10 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 3240 11 . . . 20467 3241 1 = = NFP 20467 3241 2 Bark.=--Bark Bark.=--Bark NNP 20467 3241 3 of of IN 20467 3241 4 trunk trunk NN 20467 3241 5 a a DT 20467 3241 6 soft soft JJ 20467 3241 7 ash ash NN 20467 3241 8 - - HYPH 20467 3241 9 gray gray JJ 20467 3241 10 , , , 20467 3241 11 in in IN 20467 3241 12 old old JJ 20467 3241 13 trees tree NNS 20467 3241 14 marked mark VBN 20467 3241 15 by by IN 20467 3241 16 parallel parallel JJ 20467 3241 17 ridges ridge NNS 20467 3241 18 separating separate VBG 20467 3241 19 into into IN 20467 3241 20 fine fine JJ 20467 3241 21 , , , 20467 3241 22 thin thin JJ 20467 3241 23 , , , 20467 3241 24 close close JJ 20467 3241 25 flakes flake NNS 20467 3241 26 ; ; : 20467 3241 27 limbs limbs NNP 20467 3241 28 light light NNP 20467 3241 29 gray gray NNP 20467 3241 30 , , , 20467 3241 31 rough rough JJ 20467 3241 32 - - HYPH 20467 3241 33 warted warted JJ 20467 3241 34 , , , 20467 3241 35 the the DT 20467 3241 36 smaller small JJR 20467 3241 37 with with IN 20467 3241 38 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 3241 39 leaf leaf NN 20467 3241 40 - - HYPH 20467 3241 41 scars scar NNS 20467 3241 42 ; ; : 20467 3241 43 season season NN 20467 3241 44 's 's POS 20467 3241 45 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3241 46 olive olive NN 20467 3241 47 green green NNP 20467 3241 48 , , , 20467 3241 49 stout stout RB 20467 3241 50 ; ; , 20467 3241 51 flattened flatten VBD 20467 3241 52 at at IN 20467 3241 53 apex apex NNP 20467 3241 54 , , , 20467 3241 55 with with IN 20467 3241 56 small small JJ 20467 3241 57 , , , 20467 3241 58 black black JJ 20467 3241 59 , , , 20467 3241 60 vertical vertical JJ 20467 3241 61 dots dot NNS 20467 3241 62 . . . 20467 3242 1 = = NFP 20467 3242 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3242 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3242 4 and and CC 20467 3242 5 Leaves.=--Buds Leaves.=--Buds NNP 20467 3242 6 roundish roundish NNP 20467 3242 7 , , , 20467 3242 8 pointed point VBD 20467 3242 9 , , , 20467 3242 10 very very RB 20467 3242 11 dark dark JJ 20467 3242 12 , , , 20467 3242 13 the the DT 20467 3242 14 terminal terminal JJ 20467 3242 15 1/8 1/8 CD 20467 3242 16 inch inch NN 20467 3242 17 long long JJ 20467 3242 18 . . . 20467 3243 1 Leaves leave NNS 20467 3243 2 compound compound VBP 20467 3243 3 , , , 20467 3243 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3243 5 , , , 20467 3243 6 12 12 CD 20467 3243 7 - - SYM 20467 3243 8 15 15 CD 20467 3243 9 inches inch NNS 20467 3243 10 long long RB 20467 3243 11 ; ; : 20467 3243 12 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 3243 13 none none NN 20467 3243 14 ; ; : 20467 3243 15 stem stem VB 20467 3243 16 grooved grooved JJ 20467 3243 17 and and CC 20467 3243 18 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3243 19 ; ; : 20467 3243 20 leaflets leaflet VBZ 20467 3243 21 7 7 CD 20467 3243 22 - - SYM 20467 3243 23 11 11 CD 20467 3243 24 , , , 20467 3243 25 more more RBR 20467 3243 26 frequently frequently RB 20467 3243 27 9 9 CD 20467 3243 28 , , , 20467 3243 29 3 3 CD 20467 3243 30 - - SYM 20467 3243 31 5 5 CD 20467 3243 32 inches inch NNS 20467 3243 33 long long JJ 20467 3243 34 , , , 20467 3243 35 1 1 CD 20467 3243 36 - - HYPH 20467 3243 37 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3243 38 - - HYPH 20467 3243 39 2 2 CD 20467 3243 40 inches inch NNS 20467 3243 41 wide wide JJ 20467 3243 42 , , , 20467 3243 43 green green JJ 20467 3243 44 on on IN 20467 3243 45 both both DT 20467 3243 46 sides side NNS 20467 3243 47 , , , 20467 3243 48 lighter light JJR 20467 3243 49 beneath beneath IN 20467 3243 50 and and CC 20467 3243 51 more more RBR 20467 3243 52 or or CC 20467 3243 53 less less RBR 20467 3243 54 hairy hairy JJ 20467 3243 55 on on IN 20467 3243 56 the the DT 20467 3243 57 veins vein NNS 20467 3243 58 ; ; , 20467 3243 59 outline outline NN 20467 3243 60 variable variable NN 20467 3243 61 , , , 20467 3243 62 more more RBR 20467 3243 63 usually usually RB 20467 3243 64 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3243 65 - - HYPH 20467 3243 66 lanceolate lanceolate NN 20467 3243 67 , , , 20467 3243 68 sharply sharply RB 20467 3243 69 serrate serrate NN 20467 3243 70 ; ; : 20467 3243 71 apex apex NNP 20467 3243 72 acuminate acuminate NN 20467 3243 73 ; ; : 20467 3243 74 base base NN 20467 3243 75 obtuse obtuse NN 20467 3243 76 to to IN 20467 3243 77 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3243 78 , , , 20467 3243 79 sessile sessile RB 20467 3243 80 except except IN 20467 3243 81 the the DT 20467 3243 82 odd odd JJ 20467 3243 83 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 3243 84 ; ; : 20467 3243 85 stipels stipel VBZ 20467 3243 86 none none NN 20467 3243 87 . . . 20467 3244 1 = = NFP 20467 3244 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may UH 20467 3244 3 . . . 20467 3245 1 Appearing appear VBG 20467 3245 2 before before IN 20467 3245 3 the the DT 20467 3245 4 leaves leave NNS 20467 3245 5 in in IN 20467 3245 6 loose loose JJ 20467 3245 7 panicles panicle NNS 20467 3245 8 from from IN 20467 3245 9 lateral lateral JJ 20467 3245 10 or or CC 20467 3245 11 terminal terminal JJ 20467 3245 12 buds bud NNS 20467 3245 13 of of IN 20467 3245 14 the the DT 20467 3245 15 preceding precede VBG 20467 3245 16 season season NN 20467 3245 17 , , , 20467 3245 18 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3245 19 and and CC 20467 3245 20 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3245 21 flowers flower NNS 20467 3245 22 on on IN 20467 3245 23 different different JJ 20467 3245 24 trees tree NNS 20467 3245 25 ; ; , 20467 3245 26 bracted bracted JJ 20467 3245 27 ; ; : 20467 3245 28 calyx calyx NN 20467 3245 29 none none NN 20467 3245 30 ; ; : 20467 3245 31 petals petal NNS 20467 3245 32 none none NN 20467 3245 33 . . . 20467 3246 1 = = NFP 20467 3246 2 Fruit.=--August Fruit.=--August '' 20467 3246 3 to to IN 20467 3246 4 September September NNP 20467 3246 5 . . . 20467 3247 1 Samaras Samaras NNP 20467 3247 2 , , , 20467 3247 3 in in IN 20467 3247 4 panicles panicle NNS 20467 3247 5 , , , 20467 3247 6 rather rather RB 20467 3247 7 more more JJR 20467 3247 8 than than IN 20467 3247 9 1 1 CD 20467 3247 10 inch inch NN 20467 3247 11 long long JJ 20467 3247 12 , , , 20467 3247 13 rounded round VBD 20467 3247 14 at at IN 20467 3247 15 both both DT 20467 3247 16 ends end NNS 20467 3247 17 : : : 20467 3247 18 body body NN 20467 3247 19 entirely entirely RB 20467 3247 20 surrounded surround VBN 20467 3247 21 by by IN 20467 3247 22 the the DT 20467 3247 23 wing wing NN 20467 3247 24 . . . 20467 3248 1 = = NFP 20467 3248 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3248 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3248 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 3248 5 New New NNP 20467 3248 6 England England NNP 20467 3248 7 ; ; : 20467 3248 8 grows grow VBZ 20467 3248 9 in in IN 20467 3248 10 any any DT 20467 3248 11 good good JJ 20467 3248 12 soil soil NN 20467 3248 13 , , , 20467 3248 14 but but CC 20467 3248 15 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 3248 16 swamp swamp NN 20467 3248 17 or or CC 20467 3248 18 wet wet JJ 20467 3248 19 land land NN 20467 3248 20 . . . 20467 3249 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3249 2 very very RB 20467 3249 3 tall tall JJ 20467 3249 4 , , , 20467 3249 5 slender slender NN 20467 3249 6 habit habit NN 20467 3249 7 makes make VBZ 20467 3249 8 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3249 9 a a DT 20467 3249 10 useful useful JJ 20467 3249 11 tree tree NN 20467 3249 12 in in IN 20467 3249 13 some some DT 20467 3249 14 positions position NNS 20467 3249 15 , , , 20467 3249 16 but but CC 20467 3249 17 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3249 18 is be VBZ 20467 3249 19 not not RB 20467 3249 20 readily readily RB 20467 3249 21 obtainable obtainable JJ 20467 3249 22 in in IN 20467 3249 23 nurseries nursery NNS 20467 3249 24 and and CC 20467 3249 25 is be VBZ 20467 3249 26 seldom seldom RB 20467 3249 27 used use VBN 20467 3249 28 . . . 20467 3250 1 Propagated propagate VBN 20467 3250 2 from from IN 20467 3250 3 the the DT 20467 3250 4 seed seed NN 20467 3250 5 . . . 20467 3251 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3251 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3251 3 : : : 20467 3251 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3251 5 LXXXVI.--Fraxinus LXXXVI.--Fraxinus NNP 20467 3251 6 nigra nigra RB 20467 3251 7 . . . 20467 3251 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3252 1 1 1 LS 20467 3252 2 . . . 20467 3253 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3253 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3253 3 . . . 20467 3254 1 2 2 LS 20467 3254 2 . . . 20467 3255 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3255 2 with with IN 20467 3255 3 sterile sterile JJ 20467 3255 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3255 5 . . . 20467 3256 1 3 3 LS 20467 3256 2 . . . 20467 3257 1 Sterile sterile JJ 20467 3257 2 flower flower NN 20467 3257 3 . . . 20467 3258 1 4 4 LS 20467 3258 2 . . . 20467 3259 1 Branch branch NN 20467 3259 2 with with IN 20467 3259 3 fertile fertile JJ 20467 3259 4 flowers flower NNS 20467 3259 5 . . . 20467 3260 1 5 5 CD 20467 3260 2 . . . 20467 3261 1 Fertile fertile JJ 20467 3261 2 flower flower NN 20467 3261 3 . . . 20467 3262 1 6 6 CD 20467 3262 2 . . . 20467 3263 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3263 2 branch branch NN 20467 3263 3 . . . 20467 3264 1 7 7 LS 20467 3264 2 . . . 20467 3265 1 Fruit fruit NN 20467 3265 2 . . . 20467 3266 1 CAPRIFOLIACEÆ CAPRIFOLIACEÆ NNS 20467 3266 2 . . . 20467 3267 1 HONEYSUCKLE HONEYSUCKLE NNP 20467 3267 2 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 20467 3267 3 . . . 20467 3268 1 = = NFP 20467 3268 2 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 3268 3 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 3268 4 , , , 20467 3268 5 L.= l.= CD 20467 3268 6 SHEEP sheep NN 20467 3268 7 BERRY berry NN 20467 3268 8 . . . 20467 3269 1 SWEET SWEET NNP 20467 3269 2 VIBURNUM VIBURNUM NNP 20467 3269 3 . . . 20467 3270 1 NANNY NANNY NNP 20467 3270 2 PLUM PLUM NNP 20467 3270 3 . . . 20467 3271 1 = = NFP 20467 3271 2 Habitat Habitat NNP 20467 3271 3 and and CC 20467 3271 4 Range.=--Rich Range.=--Rich NNP 20467 3271 5 woods wood NNS 20467 3271 6 , , , 20467 3271 7 thickets thicket NNS 20467 3271 8 , , , 20467 3271 9 river river NN 20467 3271 10 valleys valley NNS 20467 3271 11 , , , 20467 3271 12 along along IN 20467 3271 13 fences fence NNS 20467 3271 14 . . . 20467 3272 1 Province Province NNP 20467 3272 2 of of IN 20467 3272 3 Quebec Quebec NNP 20467 3272 4 to to IN 20467 3272 5 Saskatchewan Saskatchewan NNP 20467 3272 6 . . . 20467 3273 1 Frequent frequent JJ 20467 3273 2 throughout throughout IN 20467 3273 3 New New NNP 20467 3273 4 England England NNP 20467 3273 5 . . . 20467 3274 1 South south RB 20467 3274 2 along along IN 20467 3274 3 the the DT 20467 3274 4 mountains mountain NNS 20467 3274 5 to to IN 20467 3274 6 Georgia Georgia NNP 20467 3274 7 and and CC 20467 3274 8 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 20467 3274 9 ; ; : 20467 3274 10 west west NN 20467 3274 11 to to IN 20467 3274 12 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 20467 3274 13 , , , 20467 3274 14 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 20467 3274 15 , , , 20467 3274 16 and and CC 20467 3274 17 Missouri Missouri NNP 20467 3274 18 . . . 20467 3275 1 = = NFP 20467 3275 2 Habit.=--A Habit.=--A JJS 20467 3275 3 shrub shrub JJ 20467 3275 4 or or CC 20467 3275 5 small small JJ 20467 3275 6 tree tree NN 20467 3275 7 , , , 20467 3275 8 10 10 CD 20467 3275 9 - - SYM 20467 3275 10 25 25 CD 20467 3275 11 feet foot NNS 20467 3275 12 in in IN 20467 3275 13 height height NN 20467 3275 14 with with IN 20467 3275 15 numerous numerous JJ 20467 3275 16 branches branch NNS 20467 3275 17 forming form VBG 20467 3275 18 a a DT 20467 3275 19 wide wide RB 20467 3275 20 - - HYPH 20467 3275 21 spreading spread VBG 20467 3275 22 , , , 20467 3275 23 compact compact JJ 20467 3275 24 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3275 25 head head NN 20467 3275 26 ; ; , 20467 3275 27 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 3275 28 by by IN 20467 3275 29 rich rich JJ 20467 3275 30 foliage foliage NN 20467 3275 31 , , , 20467 3275 32 profuse profuse NN 20467 3275 33 , , , 20467 3275 34 fragrant fragrant JJ 20467 3275 35 yellowish yellowish JJ 20467 3275 36 - - HYPH 20467 3275 37 white white JJ 20467 3275 38 flowers flower NNS 20467 3275 39 , , , 20467 3275 40 and and CC 20467 3275 41 long long RB 20467 3275 42 , , , 20467 3275 43 drooping droop VBG 20467 3275 44 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3275 45 of of IN 20467 3275 46 crimson crimson NNP 20467 3275 47 fruit fruit NN 20467 3275 48 which which WDT 20467 3275 49 deepen deepen VBP 20467 3275 50 to to IN 20467 3275 51 a a DT 20467 3275 52 rich rich JJ 20467 3275 53 purple purple NN 20467 3275 54 when when WRB 20467 3275 55 fully fully RB 20467 3275 56 ripe ripe JJ 20467 3275 57 . . . 20467 3276 1 = = NFP 20467 3276 2 Bark.=--Trunk bark.=--trunk NN 20467 3276 3 and and CC 20467 3276 4 larger large JJR 20467 3276 5 branches branch NNS 20467 3276 6 dark dark JJ 20467 3276 7 purplish purplish NNS 20467 3276 8 or or CC 20467 3276 9 reddish reddish JJ 20467 3276 10 brown brown NN 20467 3276 11 , , , 20467 3276 12 separating separate VBG 20467 3276 13 in in IN 20467 3276 14 old old JJ 20467 3276 15 trees tree NNS 20467 3276 16 into into IN 20467 3276 17 small small JJ 20467 3276 18 , , , 20467 3276 19 firm firm JJ 20467 3276 20 sections section NNS 20467 3276 21 ; ; : 20467 3276 22 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 3276 23 grayish grayish NN 20467 3276 24 - - HYPH 20467 3276 25 brown brown JJ 20467 3276 26 ; ; : 20467 3276 27 season season NN 20467 3276 28 's 's POS 20467 3276 29 shoots shoot NNS 20467 3276 30 reddish reddish JJ 20467 3276 31 - - HYPH 20467 3276 32 brown brown JJ 20467 3276 33 , , , 20467 3276 34 dotted dotted JJ 20467 3276 35 , , , 20467 3276 36 more more RBR 20467 3276 37 or or CC 20467 3276 38 less less RBR 20467 3276 39 scurfy scurfy JJ 20467 3276 40 . . . 20467 3277 1 = = NFP 20467 3277 2 Winter Winter NNP 20467 3277 3 Buds Buds NNPS 20467 3277 4 and and CC 20467 3277 5 Leaves.=--Leaf Leaves.=--Leaf NNP 20467 3277 6 - - HYPH 20467 3277 7 buds bud NNS 20467 3277 8 long long JJ 20467 3277 9 , , , 20467 3277 10 narrow narrow JJ 20467 3277 11 , , , 20467 3277 12 covered cover VBN 20467 3277 13 with with IN 20467 3277 14 scurfy scurfy NNP 20467 3277 15 , , , 20467 3277 16 brown brown JJ 20467 3277 17 , , , 20467 3277 18 leaf leaf NN 20467 3277 19 - - HYPH 20467 3277 20 like like JJ 20467 3277 21 scales scale NNS 20467 3277 22 ; ; : 20467 3277 23 flower flower NN 20467 3277 24 - - HYPH 20467 3277 25 buds bud NNS 20467 3277 26 much much RB 20467 3277 27 longer longer RB 20467 3277 28 , , , 20467 3277 29 swollen swollen JJ 20467 3277 30 at at IN 20467 3277 31 the the DT 20467 3277 32 base base NN 20467 3277 33 , , , 20467 3277 34 with with IN 20467 3277 35 two two CD 20467 3277 36 leaf leaf NN 20467 3277 37 - - HYPH 20467 3277 38 like like JJ 20467 3277 39 scales scale NNS 20467 3277 40 extended extend VBN 20467 3277 41 into into IN 20467 3277 42 a a DT 20467 3277 43 long long JJ 20467 3277 44 , , , 20467 3277 45 spire spire NN 20467 3277 46 - - HYPH 20467 3277 47 like like JJ 20467 3277 48 point point NN 20467 3277 49 . . . 20467 3278 1 Leaves leave VBZ 20467 3278 2 simple simple JJ 20467 3278 3 , , , 20467 3278 4 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3278 5 , , , 20467 3278 6 2 2 CD 20467 3278 7 - - SYM 20467 3278 8 4 4 CD 20467 3278 9 inches inch NNS 20467 3278 10 long long JJ 20467 3278 11 , , , 20467 3278 12 upper upper JJ 20467 3278 13 surface surface NN 20467 3278 14 bright bright JJ 20467 3278 15 green green JJ 20467 3278 16 , , , 20467 3278 17 lower low JJR 20467 3278 18 paler paler NN 20467 3278 19 and and CC 20467 3278 20 set set VBN 20467 3278 21 with with IN 20467 3278 22 rusty rusty JJ 20467 3278 23 scales scale NNS 20467 3278 24 , , , 20467 3278 25 ovate ovate JJ 20467 3278 26 to to IN 20467 3278 27 oblong oblong JJ 20467 3278 28 - - HYPH 20467 3278 29 ovate ovate NN 20467 3278 30 or or CC 20467 3278 31 orbicular orbicular JJ 20467 3278 32 , , , 20467 3278 33 sharply sharply RB 20467 3278 34 and and CC 20467 3278 35 finely finely RB 20467 3278 36 serrate serrate VB 20467 3278 37 , , , 20467 3278 38 smooth smooth JJ 20467 3278 39 , , , 20467 3278 40 tapered tapered JJ 20467 3278 41 or or CC 20467 3278 42 abruptly abruptly RB 20467 3278 43 pointed pointed JJ 20467 3278 44 ; ; : 20467 3278 45 base base NN 20467 3278 46 acute acute NN 20467 3278 47 to to IN 20467 3278 48 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3278 49 or or CC 20467 3278 50 truncate truncate JJ 20467 3278 51 ; ; : 20467 3278 52 stem stem NN 20467 3278 53 slender slender NN 20467 3278 54 , , , 20467 3278 55 wavy wavy NNP 20467 3278 56 - - HYPH 20467 3278 57 margined margine VBN 20467 3278 58 , , , 20467 3278 59 channeled channel VBN 20467 3278 60 above above RB 20467 3278 61 ; ; : 20467 3278 62 stipules stipule VBZ 20467 3278 63 none none NN 20467 3278 64 . . . 20467 3279 1 = = NFP 20467 3279 2 Inflorescence.=--May inflorescence.=--may NN 20467 3279 3 or or CC 20467 3279 4 early early JJ 20467 3279 5 June June NNP 20467 3279 6 . . . 20467 3280 1 Terminal terminal JJ 20467 3280 2 , , , 20467 3280 3 in in IN 20467 3280 4 broad broad JJ 20467 3280 5 , , , 20467 3280 6 flat flat JJ 20467 3280 7 - - HYPH 20467 3280 8 topped top VBN 20467 3280 9 , , , 20467 3280 10 compound compound NN 20467 3280 11 , , , 20467 3280 12 sessile sessile NN 20467 3280 13 cymes cyme NNS 20467 3280 14 ; ; : 20467 3280 15 calyx calyx NN 20467 3280 16 - - HYPH 20467 3280 17 tube tube NN 20467 3280 18 adherent adherent NN 20467 3280 19 to to IN 20467 3280 20 the the DT 20467 3280 21 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3280 22 , , , 20467 3280 23 5-toothed 5-toothed CD 20467 3280 24 ; ; : 20467 3280 25 corolla corolla NNP 20467 3280 26 white white NNP 20467 3280 27 , , , 20467 3280 28 salver salver RB 20467 3280 29 - - HYPH 20467 3280 30 shaped shape VBN 20467 3280 31 , , , 20467 3280 32 segments segment NNS 20467 3280 33 5 5 CD 20467 3280 34 , , , 20467 3280 35 oval oval NN 20467 3280 36 , , , 20467 3280 37 reflexed reflexe VBN 20467 3280 38 ; ; , 20467 3280 39 stamens stamens NNP 20467 3280 40 5 5 CD 20467 3280 41 , , , 20467 3280 42 projecting projecting NN 20467 3280 43 , , , 20467 3280 44 anthers anther NNS 20467 3280 45 yellow yellow JJ 20467 3280 46 ; ; : 20467 3280 47 pistil pistil JJ 20467 3280 48 truncate truncate NN 20467 3280 49 . . . 20467 3281 1 = = NFP 20467 3281 2 Fruit.=--Profuse Fruit.=--Profuse NNP 20467 3281 3 , , , 20467 3281 4 in in IN 20467 3281 5 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3281 6 ; ; : 20467 3281 7 drupes drupe NNS 20467 3281 8 1/2 1/2 CD 20467 3281 9 inch inch NN 20467 3281 10 long long JJ 20467 3281 11 , , , 20467 3281 12 oval oval NN 20467 3281 13 , , , 20467 3281 14 crimson crimson NN 20467 3281 15 when when WRB 20467 3281 16 ripening ripen VBG 20467 3281 17 , , , 20467 3281 18 deep deep JJ 20467 3281 19 purple purple NN 20467 3281 20 when when WRB 20467 3281 21 fully fully RB 20467 3281 22 ripe ripe JJ 20467 3281 23 , , , 20467 3281 24 edible edible JJ 20467 3281 25 , , , 20467 3281 26 sweet sweet JJ 20467 3281 27 : : : 20467 3281 28 stone stone NN 20467 3281 29 flat flat JJ 20467 3281 30 , , , 20467 3281 31 oval oval JJ 20467 3281 32 , , , 20467 3281 33 rough rough JJ 20467 3281 34 , , , 20467 3281 35 obscurely obscurely RB 20467 3281 36 striate striate NN 20467 3281 37 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 3281 38 . . . 20467 3282 1 = = NFP 20467 3282 2 Horticultural horticultural JJ 20467 3282 3 Value.=--Hardy value.=--hardy NN 20467 3282 4 throughout throughout IN 20467 3282 5 New New NNP 20467 3282 6 England England NNP 20467 3282 7 ; ; : 20467 3282 8 prefers prefer VBZ 20467 3282 9 a a DT 20467 3282 10 rich rich JJ 20467 3282 11 soil soil NN 20467 3282 12 in in IN 20467 3282 13 open open JJ 20467 3282 14 places place NNS 20467 3282 15 or or CC 20467 3282 16 in in IN 20467 3282 17 light light JJ 20467 3282 18 shade shade NN 20467 3282 19 . . . 20467 3283 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3283 2 showy showy JJ 20467 3283 3 flowers flower NNS 20467 3283 4 , , , 20467 3283 5 healthy healthy JJ 20467 3283 6 foliage foliage NN 20467 3283 7 , , , 20467 3283 8 and and CC 20467 3283 9 vigorous vigorous JJ 20467 3283 10 growth growth NN 20467 3283 11 make make VBP 20467 3283 12 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3283 13 a a DT 20467 3283 14 desirable desirable JJ 20467 3283 15 plant plant NN 20467 3283 16 for for IN 20467 3283 17 high high JJ 20467 3283 18 shrub shrub JJ 20467 3283 19 plantations plantation NNS 20467 3283 20 , , , 20467 3283 21 and and CC 20467 3283 22 as as IN 20467 3283 23 an an DT 20467 3283 24 undergrowth undergrowth NN 20467 3283 25 in in IN 20467 3283 26 open open JJ 20467 3283 27 woods wood NNS 20467 3283 28 . . . 20467 3284 1 Offered offer VBN 20467 3284 2 for for IN 20467 3284 3 sale sale NN 20467 3284 4 by by IN 20467 3284 5 collectors collector NNS 20467 3284 6 and and CC 20467 3284 7 occasionally occasionally RB 20467 3284 8 by by IN 20467 3284 9 nurserymen nurseryman NNS 20467 3284 10 ; ; : 20467 3284 11 easily easily RB 20467 3284 12 transplanted transplanted JJ 20467 3284 13 ; ; : 20467 3284 14 propagated propagate VBN 20467 3284 15 from from IN 20467 3284 16 seed seed NN 20467 3284 17 or or CC 20467 3284 18 from from IN 20467 3284 19 cuttings cutting NNS 20467 3284 20 . . . 20467 3285 1 [ [ -LRB- 20467 3285 2 Illustration illustration NN 20467 3285 3 : : : 20467 3285 4 PLATE PLATE NNP 20467 3285 5 LXXXVII.--Viburnum LXXXVII.--Viburnum NNP 20467 3285 6 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 3285 7 . . . 20467 3285 8 ] ] -RRB- 20467 3286 1 1 1 LS 20467 3286 2 . . . 20467 3287 1 Winter winter NN 20467 3287 2 buds bud NNS 20467 3287 3 . . . 20467 3288 1 2 2 LS 20467 3288 2 . . . 20467 3289 1 Flowering flower VBG 20467 3289 2 branch branch NN 20467 3289 3 . . . 20467 3290 1 3 3 LS 20467 3290 2 . . . 20467 3291 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3291 2 . . . 20467 3292 1 4 4 LS 20467 3292 2 . . . 20467 3293 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3293 2 , , , 20467 3293 3 side side NN 20467 3293 4 view view NN 20467 3293 5 . . . 20467 3294 1 5 5 CD 20467 3294 2 . . . 20467 3295 1 Flower flower NN 20467 3295 2 with with IN 20467 3295 3 petals petal NNS 20467 3295 4 and and CC 20467 3295 5 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3295 6 removed remove VBN 20467 3295 7 . . . 20467 3296 1 6 6 CD 20467 3296 2 . . . 20467 3297 1 Fruiting fruit VBG 20467 3297 2 branch branch NN 20467 3297 3 . . . 20467 3298 1 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 20467 3298 2 . . . 20467 3299 1 The the DT 20467 3299 2 range range NN 20467 3299 3 of of IN 20467 3299 4 several several JJ 20467 3299 5 trees tree NNS 20467 3299 6 as as IN 20467 3299 7 given give VBN 20467 3299 8 in in IN 20467 3299 9 the the DT 20467 3299 10 text text NN 20467 3299 11 has have VBZ 20467 3299 12 been be VBN 20467 3299 13 extended extend VBN 20467 3299 14 by by IN 20467 3299 15 discoveries discovery NNS 20467 3299 16 made make VBN 20467 3299 17 during during IN 20467 3299 18 the the DT 20467 3299 19 summer summer NN 20467 3299 20 of of IN 20467 3299 21 1901 1901 CD 20467 3299 22 , , , 20467 3299 23 but but CC 20467 3299 24 reported report VBD 20467 3299 25 too too RB 20467 3299 26 late late RB 20467 3299 27 for for IN 20467 3299 28 incorporation incorporation NN 20467 3299 29 in in IN 20467 3299 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3299 31 proper proper JJ 20467 3299 32 place place NN 20467 3299 33 . . . 20467 3300 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3300 2 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3300 3 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3300 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3300 5 , , , 20467 3300 6 L. L. NNP 20467 3300 7 , , , 20467 3300 8 var var NN 20467 3300 9 . . . 20467 3301 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3301 2 candicans candicans NNPS 20467 3301 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3301 4 , , , 20467 3301 5 Gray.--One gray.--one ADD 20467 3301 6 of of IN 20467 3301 7 the the DT 20467 3301 8 commonest common JJS 20467 3301 9 and and CC 20467 3301 10 stateliest stately JJS 20467 3301 11 trees tree NNS 20467 3301 12 in in IN 20467 3301 13 the the DT 20467 3301 14 alluvium alluvium NN 20467 3301 15 of of IN 20467 3301 16 the the DT 20467 3301 17 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 3301 18 and and CC 20467 3301 19 the the DT 20467 3301 20 Cold Cold NNP 20467 3301 21 rivers river NNS 20467 3301 22 ; ; : 20467 3301 23 with with IN 20467 3301 24 negundo negundo NNP 20467 3301 25 , , , 20467 3301 26 river river NNP 20467 3301 27 maple maple NNP 20467 3301 28 , , , 20467 3301 29 and and CC 20467 3301 30 white white JJ 20467 3301 31 and and CC 20467 3301 32 slippery slippery JJ 20467 3301 33 elm elm NNP 20467 3301 34 , , , 20467 3301 35 forming form VBG 20467 3301 36 a a DT 20467 3301 37 tall tall JJ 20467 3301 38 and and CC 20467 3301 39 dense dense JJ 20467 3301 40 forest forest NN 20467 3301 41 along along IN 20467 3301 42 the the DT 20467 3301 43 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 3301 44 at at IN 20467 3301 45 the the DT 20467 3301 46 foot foot NN 20467 3301 47 of of IN 20467 3301 48 Fall Fall NNP 20467 3301 49 mountain mountain NN 20467 3301 50 , , , 20467 3301 51 and and CC 20467 3301 52 opposite opposite JJ 20467 3301 53 Bellows Bellows NNP 20467 3301 54 Falls Falls NNPS 20467 3301 55 . . . 20467 3302 1 The the DT 20467 3302 2 densely densely RB 20467 3302 3 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 3302 4 petioles petiole NNS 20467 3302 5 and and CC 20467 3302 6 the the DT 20467 3302 7 ciliate ciliate JJ 20467 3302 8 margins margin NNS 20467 3302 9 of of IN 20467 3302 10 the the DT 20467 3302 11 broad broad JJ 20467 3302 12 cordate cordate NN 20467 3302 13 leaves leave VBZ 20467 3302 14 at at IN 20467 3302 15 once once RB 20467 3302 16 distinguish distinguish VB 20467 3302 17 this this DT 20467 3302 18 tree tree NN 20467 3302 19 from from IN 20467 3302 20 the the DT 20467 3302 21 usually usually RB 20467 3302 22 smaller small JJR 20467 3302 23 but but CC 20467 3302 24 more more RBR 20467 3302 25 common common JJ 20467 3302 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3302 27 P. P. NNP 20467 3303 1 balsamifera balsamifera NNP 20467 3303 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3303 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3303 4 " " `` 20467 3303 5 Some some DT 20467 3303 6 Trees tree NNS 20467 3303 7 and and CC 20467 3303 8 Shrubs Shrubs NNPS 20467 3303 9 of of IN 20467 3303 10 Western Western NNP 20467 3303 11 Cheshire Cheshire NNP 20467 3303 12 County County NNP 20467 3303 13 , , , 20467 3303 14 N. N. NNP 20467 3303 15 H. H. NNP 20467 3303 16 " " '' 20467 3303 17 Mr. Mr. NNP 20467 3303 18 M. M. NNP 20467 3303 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3303 20 Fernald Fernald NNP 20467 3303 21 , , , 20467 3303 22 in in IN 20467 3303 23 _ _ NNP 20467 3303 24 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 3303 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3303 26 , , , 20467 3303 27 III III NNP 20467 3303 28 , , , 20467 3303 29 233 233 CD 20467 3303 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3303 31 . . . 20467 3304 1 The the DT 20467 3304 2 above above JJ 20467 3304 3 is be VBZ 20467 3304 4 the the DT 20467 3304 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3304 6 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3304 7 candicans candican NNS 20467 3304 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3304 9 , , , 20467 3304 10 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3304 11 . . . 20467 3304 12 , , , 20467 3304 13 of of IN 20467 3304 14 the the DT 20467 3304 15 text text NN 20467 3304 16 . . . 20467 3305 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3305 2 Salix Salix NNP 20467 3305 3 discolor discolor NN 20467 3305 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3305 5 , , , 20467 3305 6 Muhl.--There Muhl.--There NNP 20467 3305 7 are be VBP 20467 3305 8 many many JJ 20467 3305 9 fine fine JJ 20467 3305 10 trees tree NNS 20467 3305 11 at at IN 20467 3305 12 Fort Fort NNP 20467 3305 13 Kent Kent NNP 20467 3305 14 , , , 20467 3305 15 Maine Maine NNP 20467 3305 16 , , , 20467 3305 17 one one CD 20467 3305 18 with with IN 20467 3305 19 trunk trunk NN 20467 3305 20 13 13 CD 20467 3305 21 inches inch NNS 20467 3305 22 in in IN 20467 3305 23 diameter diameter NN 20467 3305 24 . . . 20467 3306 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3306 2 M. M. NNP 20467 3306 3 L. L. NNP 20467 3306 4 Fernald Fernald NNP 20467 3306 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3306 6 in in IN 20467 3306 7 lit lit NN 20467 3306 8 . . . 20467 3306 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3306 10 , , , 20467 3306 11 September September NNP 20467 3306 12 , , , 20467 3306 13 1901 1901 CD 20467 3306 14 . . . 20467 3306 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3307 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3307 2 Salix Salix NNP 20467 3307 3 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3307 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3307 5 , , , 20467 3307 6 Barrett.--A Barrett.--A NNP 20467 3307 7 handsome handsome JJ 20467 3307 8 tree tree NN 20467 3307 9 at at IN 20467 3307 10 Fort Fort NNP 20467 3307 11 Kent Kent NNP 20467 3307 12 , , , 20467 3307 13 25 25 CD 20467 3307 14 - - SYM 20467 3307 15 30 30 CD 20467 3307 16 feet foot NNS 20467 3307 17 high high JJ 20467 3307 18 , , , 20467 3307 19 with with IN 20467 3307 20 trunk trunk NN 20467 3307 21 4 4 CD 20467 3307 22 - - SYM 20467 3307 23 6 6 CD 20467 3307 24 inches inch NNS 20467 3307 25 in in IN 20467 3307 26 diameter diameter NN 20467 3307 27 . . . 20467 3308 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3308 2 M. M. NNP 20467 3308 3 L. L. NNP 20467 3308 4 Fernald Fernald NNP 20467 3308 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3308 6 in in IN 20467 3308 7 lit lit NN 20467 3308 8 . . . 20467 3308 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3308 10 , , , 20467 3308 11 September September NNP 20467 3308 12 , , , 20467 3308 13 1901 1901 CD 20467 3308 14 . . . 20467 3308 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3309 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3309 2 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3309 3 Crus Crus NNP 20467 3309 4 - - HYPH 20467 3309 5 Galli Galli NNP 20467 3309 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3309 7 , , , 20467 3309 8 L.--Nantucket l.--nantucket NN 20467 3309 9 , , , 20467 3309 10 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 20467 3309 11 . . . 20467 3310 1 Young young JJ 20467 3310 2 trees tree NNS 20467 3310 3 were be VBD 20467 3310 4 set set VBN 20467 3310 5 out out RP 20467 3310 6 in in IN 20467 3310 7 1830 1830 CD 20467 3310 8 , , , 20467 3310 9 enclosing enclose VBG 20467 3310 10 an an DT 20467 3310 11 oblong oblong NN 20467 3310 12 of of IN 20467 3310 13 about about RB 20467 3310 14 an an DT 20467 3310 15 acre acre NN 20467 3310 16 and and CC 20467 3310 17 a a DT 20467 3310 18 half half NN 20467 3310 19 . . . 20467 3311 1 The the DT 20467 3311 2 most most RBS 20467 3311 3 flourishing flourishing JJ 20467 3311 4 of of IN 20467 3311 5 these these DT 20467 3311 6 have have VBP 20467 3311 7 obtained obtain VBN 20467 3311 8 a a DT 20467 3311 9 height height NN 20467 3311 10 of of IN 20467 3311 11 about about RB 20467 3311 12 30 30 CD 20467 3311 13 feet foot NNS 20467 3311 14 and and CC 20467 3311 15 a a DT 20467 3311 16 trunk trunk NN 20467 3311 17 diameter diameter NN 20467 3311 18 near near IN 20467 3311 19 the the DT 20467 3311 20 ground ground NN 20467 3311 21 of of IN 20467 3311 22 10 10 CD 20467 3311 23 - - SYM 20467 3311 24 12 12 CD 20467 3311 25 inches inch NNS 20467 3311 26 . . . 20467 3312 1 Now now RB 20467 3312 2 established establish VBN 20467 3312 3 , , , 20467 3312 4 probably probably RB 20467 3312 5 through through IN 20467 3312 6 the the DT 20467 3312 7 agency agency NN 20467 3312 8 of of IN 20467 3312 9 birds bird NNS 20467 3312 10 , , , 20467 3312 11 along along IN 20467 3312 12 swamps swamp NNS 20467 3312 13 and and CC 20467 3312 14 upon upon IN 20467 3312 15 hill hill NN 20467 3312 16 - - HYPH 20467 3312 17 slopes slope NNS 20467 3312 18 . . . 20467 3313 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3313 2 L. L. NNP 20467 3313 3 L. L. NNP 20467 3313 4 D. D. NNP 20467 3313 5 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3313 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3313 7 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3313 8 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3313 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3313 10 , , , 20467 3313 11 Marsh.--One marsh.--one NN 20467 3313 12 clump clump NN 20467 3313 13 of of IN 20467 3313 14 small small JJ 20467 3313 15 trees tree NNS 20467 3313 16 in in IN 20467 3313 17 a a DT 20467 3313 18 thicket thicket NN 20467 3313 19 at at IN 20467 3313 20 Alstead Alstead NNP 20467 3313 21 Centre Centre NNP 20467 3313 22 , , , 20467 3313 23 N. N. NNP 20467 3313 24 H. H. NNP 20467 3313 25 , , , 20467 3313 26 has have VBZ 20467 3313 27 the the DT 20467 3313 28 characteristic characteristic JJ 20467 3313 29 spherical spherical JJ 20467 3313 30 fruit fruit NN 20467 3313 31 of of IN 20467 3313 32 this this DT 20467 3313 33 species specie NNS 20467 3313 34 . . . 20467 3314 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3314 2 P. P. NNP 20467 3315 1 nigra nigra NNP 20467 3315 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3315 3 , , , 20467 3315 4 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3315 5 . . . 20467 3315 6 , , , 20467 3315 7 with with IN 20467 3315 8 oblong oblong NNP 20467 3315 9 , , , 20467 3315 10 laterally laterally RB 20467 3315 11 flattened flatten VBD 20467 3315 12 fruit fruit NN 20467 3315 13 , , , 20467 3315 14 is be VBZ 20467 3315 15 abundant abundant JJ 20467 3315 16 . . . 20467 3316 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3316 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3316 3 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 3316 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3316 5 , , , 20467 3316 6 III III NNP 20467 3316 7 , , , 20467 3316 8 234 234 CD 20467 3316 9 . . . 20467 3316 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3317 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3317 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3317 3 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3317 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3317 5 , , , 20467 3317 6 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3317 7 . . . 20467 3317 8 , , , 20467 3317 9 var var NN 20467 3317 10 . . . 20467 3318 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3318 2 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 3318 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3318 4 , , , 20467 3318 5 Trelease.--Characteristic trelease.--characteristic DT 20467 3318 6 trees tree NNS 20467 3318 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3318 8 Cheshire Cheshire NNP 20467 3318 9 County County NNP 20467 3318 10 , , , 20467 3318 11 N. N. NNP 20467 3318 12 H. H. NNP 20467 3318 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3318 14 , , , 20467 3318 15 with with IN 20467 3318 16 small small JJ 20467 3318 17 , , , 20467 3318 18 firm firm JJ 20467 3318 19 , , , 20467 3318 20 deep deep JJ 20467 3318 21 green green NN 20467 3318 22 , , , 20467 3318 23 three three CD 20467 3318 24 - - HYPH 20467 3318 25 lobed lobed JJ 20467 3318 26 leaves leave NNS 20467 3318 27 , , , 20467 3318 28 appear appear VB 20467 3318 29 very very RB 20467 3318 30 distinct distinct JJ 20467 3318 31 , , , 20467 3318 32 but but CC 20467 3318 33 many many JJ 20467 3318 34 transitions transition NNS 20467 3318 35 are be VBP 20467 3318 36 noted note VBN 20467 3318 37 between between IN 20467 3318 38 this this DT 20467 3318 39 and and CC 20467 3318 40 the the DT 20467 3318 41 typical typical JJ 20467 3318 42 _ _ NNP 20467 3318 43 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3318 44 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3318 45 _ _ NNP 20467 3318 46 . . . 20467 3319 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3319 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3319 3 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 3319 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3319 5 , , , 20467 3319 6 III III NNP 20467 3319 7 , , , 20467 3319 8 234 234 CD 20467 3319 9 . . . 20467 3319 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3320 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3320 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3320 3 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3320 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3320 5 , , , 20467 3320 6 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3320 7 . . . 20467 3320 8 , , , 20467 3320 9 var var NN 20467 3320 10 . . . 20467 3321 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3321 2 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 3321 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3321 4 , , , 20467 3321 5 Britton.--Occasional britton.--occasional JJ 20467 3321 6 in in IN 20467 3321 7 alluvium alluvium NN 20467 3321 8 of of IN 20467 3321 9 the the DT 20467 3321 10 Cold Cold NNP 20467 3321 11 river river NN 20467 3321 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3321 13 Cheshire Cheshire NNP 20467 3321 14 county county NN 20467 3321 15 , , , 20467 3321 16 N. N. NNP 20467 3321 17 H. H. NNP 20467 3321 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3321 19 . . . 20467 3322 1 The the DT 20467 3322 2 large large JJ 20467 3322 3 , , , 20467 3322 4 dark dark JJ 20467 3322 5 green green NN 20467 3322 6 , , , 20467 3322 7 " " '' 20467 3322 8 flabby flabby NN 20467 3322 9 " " '' 20467 3322 10 leaves leave NNS 20467 3322 11 , , , 20467 3322 12 with with IN 20467 3322 13 closed closed JJ 20467 3322 14 sinuses sinus NNS 20467 3322 15 and and CC 20467 3322 16 with with IN 20467 3322 17 densely densely RB 20467 3322 18 pubescent pubescent JJ 20467 3322 19 petioles petiole NNS 20467 3322 20 and and CC 20467 3322 21 lower low JJR 20467 3322 22 surfaces surface NNS 20467 3322 23 , , , 20467 3322 24 quickly quickly RB 20467 3322 25 distinguish distinguish VB 20467 3322 26 this this DT 20467 3322 27 tree tree NN 20467 3322 28 from from IN 20467 3322 29 the the DT 20467 3322 30 ordinary ordinary JJ 20467 3322 31 forms form NNS 20467 3322 32 of of IN 20467 3322 33 the the DT 20467 3322 34 sugar sugar NN 20467 3322 35 maple maple NN 20467 3322 36 . . . 20467 3323 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3323 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3323 3 Rhodora Rhodora NNP 20467 3323 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3323 5 , , , 20467 3323 6 III III NNP 20467 3323 7 . . . 20467 3324 1 234 234 CD 20467 3324 2 . . . 20467 3324 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3325 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3325 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3325 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3325 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3325 5 . . . 20467 3326 1 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3326 2 . . . 20467 3326 3 , , , 20467 3326 4 var var NN 20467 3326 5 . . . 20467 3327 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3327 2 lanceolata lanceolata NNP 20467 3327 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3327 4 , , , 20467 3327 5 Sarg.--Common Sarg.--Common NNP 20467 3327 6 along along IN 20467 3327 7 the the DT 20467 3327 8 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 20467 3327 9 at at IN 20467 3327 10 Walpole Walpole NNP 20467 3327 11 , , , 20467 3327 12 N. N. NNP 20467 3327 13 H. H. NNP 20467 3327 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3327 15 M. M. NNP 20467 3327 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3327 17 Fernald Fernald NNP 20467 3327 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3327 19 in in IN 20467 3327 20 lit lit NN 20467 3327 21 . . . 20467 3327 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3327 23 , , , 20467 3327 24 September September NNP 20467 3327 25 , , , 20467 3327 26 1901 1901 CD 20467 3327 27 . . . 20467 3327 28 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3328 1 GLOSSARY GLOSSARY NNP 20467 3328 2 . . . 20467 3329 1 = = NFP 20467 3329 2 Abortive.= Abortive.= NNP 20467 3329 3 Defective Defective NNP 20467 3329 4 or or CC 20467 3329 5 barren barren JJ 20467 3329 6 , , , 20467 3329 7 through through IN 20467 3329 8 non non JJ 20467 3329 9 - - JJ 20467 3329 10 development development NN 20467 3329 11 of of IN 20467 3329 12 a a DT 20467 3329 13 part part NN 20467 3329 14 . . . 20467 3330 1 = = NFP 20467 3330 2 Acuminate.= Acuminate.= NNP 20467 3330 3 Long long RB 20467 3330 4 - - HYPH 20467 3330 5 pointed pointed JJ 20467 3330 6 . . . 20467 3331 1 = = NFP 20467 3331 2 Acute.= Acute.= VBZ 20467 3331 3 Ending end VBG 20467 3331 4 with with IN 20467 3331 5 a a DT 20467 3331 6 sharp sharp JJ 20467 3331 7 but but CC 20467 3331 8 not not RB 20467 3331 9 prolonged prolong VBN 20467 3331 10 point point NN 20467 3331 11 . . . 20467 3332 1 = = NFP 20467 3332 2 Adherent.= adherent.= RB 20467 3332 3 Growing grow VBG 20467 3332 4 fast fast RB 20467 3332 5 to to IN 20467 3332 6 ; ; : 20467 3332 7 adnate adnate NNP 20467 3332 8 anther anther NN 20467 3332 9 , , , 20467 3332 10 attached attach VBN 20467 3332 11 for for IN 20467 3332 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3332 13 whole whole JJ 20467 3332 14 length length NN 20467 3332 15 to to IN 20467 3332 16 the the DT 20467 3332 17 ovary ovary NN 20467 3332 18 . . . 20467 3333 1 = = NFP 20467 3333 2 Adnate.= adnate.= RB 20467 3333 3 Essentially essentially RB 20467 3333 4 same same JJ 20467 3333 5 as as IN 20467 3333 6 adherent adherent JJ 20467 3333 7 , , , 20467 3333 8 with with IN 20467 3333 9 the the DT 20467 3333 10 added add VBN 20467 3333 11 idea idea NN 20467 3333 12 of of IN 20467 3333 13 congenital congenital JJ 20467 3333 14 adhesion adhesion NN 20467 3333 15 . . . 20467 3334 1 = = NFP 20467 3334 2 Aggregate aggregate JJ 20467 3334 3 fruits.= fruits.= NNS 20467 3334 4 Formed form VBN 20467 3334 5 by by IN 20467 3334 6 crowding crowd VBG 20467 3334 7 together together RB 20467 3334 8 all all PDT 20467 3334 9 the the DT 20467 3334 10 carpels carpel NNS 20467 3334 11 of of IN 20467 3334 12 the the DT 20467 3334 13 same same JJ 20467 3334 14 flower flower NN 20467 3334 15 ; ; : 20467 3334 16 as as IN 20467 3334 17 in in IN 20467 3334 18 the the DT 20467 3334 19 blackberry blackberry NN 20467 3334 20 . . . 20467 3335 1 = = NFP 20467 3335 2 Ament.= ament.= CC 20467 3335 3 Name name NN 20467 3335 4 given give VBN 20467 3335 5 to to IN 20467 3335 6 such such JJ 20467 3335 7 flower flower NN 20467 3335 8 - - HYPH 20467 3335 9 clusters cluster NNS 20467 3335 10 as as IN 20467 3335 11 those those DT 20467 3335 12 of of IN 20467 3335 13 the the DT 20467 3335 14 willow willow NN 20467 3335 15 , , , 20467 3335 16 birch birch NNP 20467 3335 17 , , , 20467 3335 18 poplar poplar JJ 20467 3335 19 , , , 20467 3335 20 etc etc FW 20467 3335 21 . . . 20467 3336 1 = = NFP 20467 3336 2 Anther.= anther.= NN 20467 3336 3 The the DT 20467 3336 4 part part NN 20467 3336 5 of of IN 20467 3336 6 the the DT 20467 3336 7 stamen staman NNS 20467 3336 8 which which WDT 20467 3336 9 bears bear VBZ 20467 3336 10 the the DT 20467 3336 11 pollen pollen NN 20467 3336 12 . . . 20467 3337 1 = = NFP 20467 3337 2 Appressed.= Appressed.= `` 20467 3337 3 Lying lie VBG 20467 3337 4 close close JJ 20467 3337 5 against against IN 20467 3337 6 another another DT 20467 3337 7 organ organ NN 20467 3337 8 . . . 20467 3338 1 = = NFP 20467 3338 2 Ascending.= Ascending.= NNP 20467 3338 3 Rising rise VBG 20467 3338 4 upward upward RB 20467 3338 5 , , , 20467 3338 6 or or CC 20467 3338 7 obliquely obliquely RB 20467 3338 8 upward upward RB 20467 3338 9 . . . 20467 3339 1 = = NFP 20467 3339 2 Axil.= axil.= CD 20467 3339 3 Angle angle NN 20467 3339 4 formed form VBN 20467 3339 5 on on IN 20467 3339 6 the the DT 20467 3339 7 upper upper JJ 20467 3339 8 side side NN 20467 3339 9 between between IN 20467 3339 10 the the DT 20467 3339 11 leaf leaf NN 20467 3339 12 stem stem NN 20467 3339 13 or or CC 20467 3339 14 flower flower NN 20467 3339 15 stem stem NN 20467 3339 16 and and CC 20467 3339 17 the the DT 20467 3339 18 branch branch NN 20467 3339 19 from from IN 20467 3339 20 which which WDT 20467 3339 21 it -PRON- PRP 20467 3339 22 springs spring VBZ 20467 3339 23 . . . 20467 3340 1 = = NFP 20467 3340 2 Bract.= Bract.= NNP 20467 3340 3 Reduced reduced JJ 20467 3340 4 leaf leaf NN 20467 3340 5 subtending subtend VBG 20467 3340 6 a a DT 20467 3340 7 flower flower NN 20467 3340 8 or or CC 20467 3340 9 flower flower NN 20467 3340 10 - - HYPH 20467 3340 11 cluster cluster NN 20467 3340 12 . . . 20467 3341 1 = = NFP 20467 3341 2 Branches branch NNS 20467 3341 3 , , , 20467 3341 4 primary.= primary.= VBD 20467 3341 5 The the DT 20467 3341 6 leading leading JJ 20467 3341 7 or or CC 20467 3341 8 main main JJ 20467 3341 9 branches branch NNS 20467 3341 10 thrown throw VBN 20467 3341 11 out out RP 20467 3341 12 directly directly RB 20467 3341 13 from from IN 20467 3341 14 the the DT 20467 3341 15 trunk trunk NN 20467 3341 16 , , , 20467 3341 17 giving give VBG 20467 3341 18 a a DT 20467 3341 19 general general JJ 20467 3341 20 shape shape NN 20467 3341 21 to to IN 20467 3341 22 the the DT 20467 3341 23 head head NN 20467 3341 24 . . . 20467 3342 1 = = NFP 20467 3342 2 Branches branch NNS 20467 3342 3 , , , 20467 3342 4 secondary.= secondary.= VBD 20467 3342 5 Never never RB 20467 3342 6 directly directly RB 20467 3342 7 from from IN 20467 3342 8 the the DT 20467 3342 9 trunk trunk NN 20467 3342 10 but but CC 20467 3342 11 from from IN 20467 3342 12 other other JJ 20467 3342 13 branches branch NNS 20467 3342 14 . . . 20467 3343 1 = = NFP 20467 3343 2 Buttressed.= Buttressed.= NNP 20467 3343 3 Supported support VBN 20467 3343 4 against against IN 20467 3343 5 strain strain NN 20467 3343 6 in in IN 20467 3343 7 any any DT 20467 3343 8 direction direction NN 20467 3343 9 by by IN 20467 3343 10 a a DT 20467 3343 11 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 20467 3343 12 ridge ridge NN 20467 3343 13 - - HYPH 20467 3343 14 like like JJ 20467 3343 15 enlargement enlargement NN 20467 3343 16 of of IN 20467 3343 17 the the DT 20467 3343 18 trunk trunk NN 20467 3343 19 vertically vertically RB 20467 3343 20 to to IN 20467 3343 21 the the DT 20467 3343 22 roots root NNS 20467 3343 23 . . . 20467 3344 1 Several several JJ 20467 3344 2 of of IN 20467 3344 3 these these DT 20467 3344 4 buttresses buttress NNS 20467 3344 5 often often RB 20467 3344 6 give give VBP 20467 3344 7 a a DT 20467 3344 8 tree tree NN 20467 3344 9 a a DT 20467 3344 10 square square JJ 20467 3344 11 appearance appearance NN 20467 3344 12 . . . 20467 3345 1 = = NFP 20467 3345 2 Caducous.= Caducous.= NNP 20467 3345 3 Dropping drop VBG 20467 3345 4 off off RP 20467 3345 5 very very RB 20467 3345 6 early early RB 20467 3345 7 after after IN 20467 3345 8 development development NN 20467 3345 9 . . . 20467 3346 1 = = NFP 20467 3346 2 Calyx.= Calyx.= NNP 20467 3346 3 The the DT 20467 3346 4 outer outer JJ 20467 3346 5 set set NN 20467 3346 6 of of IN 20467 3346 7 the the DT 20467 3346 8 leaves leave NNS 20467 3346 9 of of IN 20467 3346 10 the the DT 20467 3346 11 flower flower NN 20467 3346 12 . . . 20467 3347 1 = = NFP 20467 3347 2 Campanulate.= Campanulate.= NNP 20467 3347 3 Bell Bell NNP 20467 3347 4 - - HYPH 20467 3347 5 shaped shape VBN 20467 3347 6 . . . 20467 3348 1 = = NFP 20467 3348 2 Capitate.= Capitate.= NNP 20467 3348 3 Head Head NNP 20467 3348 4 - - HYPH 20467 3348 5 shaped shape VBN 20467 3348 6 or or CC 20467 3348 7 collected collect VBN 20467 3348 8 in in IN 20467 3348 9 a a DT 20467 3348 10 head head NN 20467 3348 11 . . . 20467 3349 1 = = NFP 20467 3349 2 Capsule.= capsule.= VB 20467 3349 3 A a DT 20467 3349 4 dry dry JJ 20467 3349 5 compound compound NN 20467 3349 6 fruit fruit NN 20467 3349 7 . . . 20467 3350 1 = = NFP 20467 3350 2 Carpel.= Carpel.= VBG 20467 3350 3 A a DT 20467 3350 4 simple simple JJ 20467 3350 5 pistil pistil NN 20467 3350 6 . . . 20467 3351 1 = = NFP 20467 3351 2 Catkin.= Catkin.= NNP 20467 3351 3 See see VB 20467 3351 4 ament ament NN 20467 3351 5 . . . 20467 3352 1 = = NFP 20467 3352 2 Ciliate.= Ciliate.= VBD 20467 3352 3 Margin Margin NNP 20467 3352 4 with with IN 20467 3352 5 hairs hair NNS 20467 3352 6 or or CC 20467 3352 7 bristles bristle NNS 20467 3352 8 . . . 20467 3353 1 = = NFP 20467 3353 2 Coherent.= Coherent.= NNP 20467 3353 3 One one CD 20467 3353 4 organ organ NN 20467 3353 5 uniting unite VBG 20467 3353 6 with with IN 20467 3353 7 another another DT 20467 3353 8 . . . 20467 3354 1 = = NFP 20467 3354 2 Compound.= Compound.= NNP 20467 3354 3 See see UH 20467 3354 4 leaf leaf NN 20467 3354 5 , , , 20467 3354 6 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3354 7 , , , 20467 3354 8 etc etc FW 20467 3354 9 . . . 20467 3355 1 = = NFP 20467 3355 2 Connate.= Connate.= VBN 20467 3355 3 Similar similar JJ 20467 3355 4 organs organ NNS 20467 3355 5 , , , 20467 3355 6 more more RBR 20467 3355 7 or or CC 20467 3355 8 less less RBR 20467 3355 9 grown grow VBN 20467 3355 10 together together RB 20467 3355 11 . . . 20467 3356 1 = = NFP 20467 3356 2 Connective.= Connective.= NNP 20467 3356 3 The the DT 20467 3356 4 part part NN 20467 3356 5 of of IN 20467 3356 6 the the DT 20467 3356 7 anther anther NN 20467 3356 8 connecting connect VBG 20467 3356 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3356 10 two two CD 20467 3356 11 cells cell NNS 20467 3356 12 . . . 20467 3357 1 = = NFP 20467 3357 2 Coriaceous.= Coriaceous.= NNP 20467 3357 3 Thick Thick NNP 20467 3357 4 , , , 20467 3357 5 leathery leathery NN 20467 3357 6 in in IN 20467 3357 7 texture texture NN 20467 3357 8 . . . 20467 3358 1 = = NFP 20467 3358 2 Corolla.= Corolla.= NNP 20467 3358 3 Leaves Leaves NNPS 20467 3358 4 of of IN 20467 3358 5 the the DT 20467 3358 6 flower flower NN 20467 3358 7 within within IN 20467 3358 8 the the DT 20467 3358 9 calyx calyx NN 20467 3358 10 . . . 20467 3359 1 = = NFP 20467 3359 2 Corymb.= corymb.= FW 20467 3359 3 That that DT 20467 3359 4 sort sort NN 20467 3359 5 of of IN 20467 3359 6 flower flower NN 20467 3359 7 - - HYPH 20467 3359 8 cluster cluster NN 20467 3359 9 in in IN 20467 3359 10 which which WDT 20467 3359 11 the the DT 20467 3359 12 flower flower NN 20467 3359 13 stems stem VBZ 20467 3359 14 arranged arrange VBN 20467 3359 15 along along IN 20467 3359 16 the the DT 20467 3359 17 central central JJ 20467 3359 18 axis axis NNP 20467 3359 19 elongate elongate VBP 20467 3359 20 , , , 20467 3359 21 forming form VBG 20467 3359 22 a a DT 20467 3359 23 broad broad JJ 20467 3359 24 convex convex NNS 20467 3359 25 or or CC 20467 3359 26 level level NN 20467 3359 27 top top NN 20467 3359 28 , , , 20467 3359 29 the the DT 20467 3359 30 flowers flower NNS 20467 3359 31 opening open VBG 20467 3359 32 successively successively RB 20467 3359 33 from from IN 20467 3359 34 the the DT 20467 3359 35 outer outer JJ 20467 3359 36 edge edge NN 20467 3359 37 towards towards IN 20467 3359 38 the the DT 20467 3359 39 center center NN 20467 3359 40 . . . 20467 3360 1 = = NFP 20467 3360 2 Crenate.= Crenate.= NNP 20467 3360 3 Edge Edge NNP 20467 3360 4 with with IN 20467 3360 5 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3360 6 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3360 7 . . . 20467 3361 1 = = NFP 20467 3361 2 Crenulate.= Crenulate.= NNP 20467 3361 3 Edge edge NN 20467 3361 4 with with IN 20467 3361 5 small small JJ 20467 3361 6 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3361 7 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3361 8 . . . 20467 3362 1 = = NFP 20467 3362 2 Cyme.= Cyme.= NNP 20467 3362 3 Flat flat JJ 20467 3362 4 - - HYPH 20467 3362 5 topped top VBN 20467 3362 6 or or CC 20467 3362 7 convex convex NNP 20467 3362 8 flower flower NN 20467 3362 9 - - HYPH 20467 3362 10 cluster cluster NN 20467 3362 11 , , , 20467 3362 12 the the DT 20467 3362 13 central central JJ 20467 3362 14 flower flower NN 20467 3362 15 opening open VBG 20467 3362 16 first first RB 20467 3362 17 ; ; : 20467 3362 18 blossoming blossom VBG 20467 3362 19 outward outward RB 20467 3362 20 . . . 20467 3363 1 = = NFP 20467 3363 2 Deciduous.= deciduous.= NN 20467 3363 3 Falling fall VBG 20467 3363 4 off off RP 20467 3363 5 , , , 20467 3363 6 as as IN 20467 3363 7 leaves leave NNS 20467 3363 8 in in IN 20467 3363 9 autumn autumn NN 20467 3363 10 , , , 20467 3363 11 or or CC 20467 3363 12 calyx calyx NNP 20467 3363 13 and and CC 20467 3363 14 corolla corolla NNP 20467 3363 15 before before IN 20467 3363 16 fruit fruit NN 20467 3363 17 grows grow VBZ 20467 3363 18 . . . 20467 3364 1 = = NFP 20467 3364 2 Declining.= Declining.= NNP 20467 3364 3 Bent Bent NNP 20467 3364 4 downwards downwards RB 20467 3364 5 . . . 20467 3365 1 = = NFP 20467 3365 2 Decurrent.= Decurrent.= NNP 20467 3365 3 Leaves leave NNS 20467 3365 4 prolonged prolong VBN 20467 3365 5 on on IN 20467 3365 6 the the DT 20467 3365 7 stem stem NN 20467 3365 8 beneath beneath IN 20467 3365 9 the the DT 20467 3365 10 insertion insertion NN 20467 3365 11 : : : 20467 3365 12 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 3365 13 springing spring VBG 20467 3365 14 out out RP 20467 3365 15 beneath beneath IN 20467 3365 16 the the DT 20467 3365 17 point point NN 20467 3365 18 of of IN 20467 3365 19 furcation furcation NN 20467 3365 20 , , , 20467 3365 21 as as IN 20467 3365 22 the the DT 20467 3365 23 feathering feathering NN 20467 3365 24 along along IN 20467 3365 25 the the DT 20467 3365 26 trunk trunk NN 20467 3365 27 of of IN 20467 3365 28 elms elm NNS 20467 3365 29 , , , 20467 3365 30 etc etc FW 20467 3365 31 . . . 20467 3366 1 = = NFP 20467 3366 2 Dentate.= Dentate.= NNP 20467 3366 3 With with IN 20467 3366 4 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3366 5 pointing point VBG 20467 3366 6 outwards outward NNS 20467 3366 7 . . . 20467 3367 1 = = NFP 20467 3367 2 Disk.= Disk.= . 20467 3367 3 Central central JJ 20467 3367 4 part part NN 20467 3367 5 of of IN 20467 3367 6 a a DT 20467 3367 7 head head NN 20467 3367 8 of of IN 20467 3367 9 flowers flower NNS 20467 3367 10 ; ; , 20467 3367 11 fleshy fleshy NN 20467 3367 12 expansion expansion NN 20467 3367 13 of of IN 20467 3367 14 the the DT 20467 3367 15 receptacle receptacle NN 20467 3367 16 of of IN 20467 3367 17 a a DT 20467 3367 18 flower flower NN 20467 3367 19 ; ; : 20467 3367 20 any any DT 20467 3367 21 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3367 22 , , , 20467 3367 23 flat flat JJ 20467 3367 24 surface surface NN 20467 3367 25 . . . 20467 3368 1 = = NFP 20467 3368 2 Drupe.= Drupe.= NNP 20467 3368 3 A A NNP 20467 3368 4 stone stone NN 20467 3368 5 fruit fruit NN 20467 3368 6 ; ; , 20467 3368 7 soft soft JJ 20467 3368 8 externally externally RB 20467 3368 9 with with IN 20467 3368 10 a a DT 20467 3368 11 stone stone NN 20467 3368 12 at at IN 20467 3368 13 the the DT 20467 3368 14 center center NN 20467 3368 15 , , , 20467 3368 16 as as IN 20467 3368 17 the the DT 20467 3368 18 cherry cherry NN 20467 3368 19 and and CC 20467 3368 20 peach peach NN 20467 3368 21 . . . 20467 3369 1 = = NFP 20467 3369 2 Erose.= Erose.= NNP 20467 3369 3 Eroded eroded JJ 20467 3369 4 , , , 20467 3369 5 as as IN 20467 3369 6 if if IN 20467 3369 7 gnawed gnaw VBN 20467 3369 8 . . . 20467 3370 1 = = NFP 20467 3370 2 Exserted.= Exserted.= VBZ 20467 3370 3 Protruding protrude VBG 20467 3370 4 , , , 20467 3370 5 projecting project VBG 20467 3370 6 out out IN 20467 3370 7 of of IN 20467 3370 8 . . . 20467 3371 1 = = NFP 20467 3371 2 Falcate.= Falcate.= VBN 20467 3371 3 Scythe Scythe NNP 20467 3371 4 - - HYPH 20467 3371 5 shaped shaped JJ 20467 3371 6 . . . 20467 3372 1 = = NFP 20467 3372 2 Fertile.= Fertile.= NNP 20467 3372 3 Flowers flower NNS 20467 3372 4 containing contain VBG 20467 3372 5 the the DT 20467 3372 6 pistil pistil NN 20467 3372 7 , , , 20467 3372 8 capable capable JJ 20467 3372 9 of of IN 20467 3372 10 producing produce VBG 20467 3372 11 fruit fruit NN 20467 3372 12 . . . 20467 3373 1 Anthers anther NNS 20467 3373 2 in in IN 20467 3373 3 such such JJ 20467 3373 4 blossoms blossom NNS 20467 3373 5 , , , 20467 3373 6 if if IN 20467 3373 7 any any DT 20467 3373 8 , , , 20467 3373 9 are be VBP 20467 3373 10 generally generally RB 20467 3373 11 abortive abortive JJ 20467 3373 12 . . . 20467 3374 1 = = NFP 20467 3374 2 Fibrovascular.= Fibrovascular.= NNP 20467 3374 3 Bundle Bundle NNP 20467 3374 4 or or CC 20467 3374 5 tissue tissue NN 20467 3374 6 , , , 20467 3374 7 formed form VBN 20467 3374 8 of of IN 20467 3374 9 wood wood NN 20467 3374 10 fibers fiber NNS 20467 3374 11 , , , 20467 3374 12 ducts duct NNS 20467 3374 13 , , , 20467 3374 14 etc etc FW 20467 3374 15 . . . 20467 3375 1 = = NFP 20467 3375 2 Filament.= Filament.= NNP 20467 3375 3 Part part NN 20467 3375 4 of of IN 20467 3375 5 stamen staman NNS 20467 3375 6 supporting support VBG 20467 3375 7 anther anther NN 20467 3375 8 . . . 20467 3376 1 = = NFP 20467 3376 2 Fungus.= Fungus.= NNP 20467 3376 3 A a DT 20467 3376 4 division division NN 20467 3376 5 of of IN 20467 3376 6 cryptogamous cryptogamous JJ 20467 3376 7 plants plant NNS 20467 3376 8 , , , 20467 3376 9 including include VBG 20467 3376 10 mushrooms mushroom NNS 20467 3376 11 , , , 20467 3376 12 etc etc FW 20467 3376 13 . . . 20467 3377 1 = = NFP 20467 3377 2 Furcation.= Furcation.= NNP 20467 3377 3 Branching Branching NNP 20467 3377 4 . . . 20467 3378 1 = = NFP 20467 3378 2 Glabrous.= Glabrous.= NNP 20467 3378 3 Smooth Smooth NNP 20467 3378 4 without without IN 20467 3378 5 hairiness hairiness NN 20467 3378 6 or or CC 20467 3378 7 roughness roughness NN 20467 3378 8 . . . 20467 3379 1 = = NFP 20467 3379 2 Glandular.= Glandular.= NNP 20467 3379 3 Bearing Bearing NNP 20467 3379 4 glands gland NNS 20467 3379 5 or or CC 20467 3379 6 appendages appendage NNS 20467 3379 7 having have VBG 20467 3379 8 the the DT 20467 3379 9 appearance appearance NN 20467 3379 10 of of IN 20467 3379 11 glands gland NNS 20467 3379 12 . . . 20467 3380 1 = = NFP 20467 3380 2 Glaucous.= Glaucous.= NNP 20467 3380 3 Covered cover VBN 20467 3380 4 with with IN 20467 3380 5 a a DT 20467 3380 6 bloom bloom NN 20467 3380 7 : : : 20467 3380 8 bluish bluish NNP 20467 3380 9 hoary hoary NN 20467 3380 10 . . . 20467 3381 1 = = NFP 20467 3381 2 Globose= Globose= NNS 20467 3381 3 or or CC 20467 3381 4 = = SYM 20467 3381 5 globous.= globous.= CD 20467 3381 6 Spherical spherical JJ 20467 3381 7 or or CC 20467 3381 8 nearly nearly RB 20467 3381 9 so so RB 20467 3381 10 . . . 20467 3382 1 = = NFP 20467 3382 2 Habit.= Habit.= NNP 20467 3382 3 The the DT 20467 3382 4 general general JJ 20467 3382 5 appearance appearance NN 20467 3382 6 of of IN 20467 3382 7 a a DT 20467 3382 8 plant plant NN 20467 3382 9 . . . 20467 3383 1 = = NFP 20467 3383 2 Habitat.= habitat.= VB 20467 3383 3 The the DT 20467 3383 4 place place NN 20467 3383 5 where where WRB 20467 3383 6 a a DT 20467 3383 7 plant plant NN 20467 3383 8 naturally naturally RB 20467 3383 9 grows grow VBZ 20467 3383 10 , , , 20467 3383 11 as as IN 20467 3383 12 in in IN 20467 3383 13 swamps swamp NNS 20467 3383 14 , , , 20467 3383 15 in in IN 20467 3383 16 water water NN 20467 3383 17 , , , 20467 3383 18 upon upon IN 20467 3383 19 dry dry JJ 20467 3383 20 hillsides hillside NNS 20467 3383 21 , , , 20467 3383 22 etc etc FW 20467 3383 23 . . . 20467 3384 1 = = NFP 20467 3384 2 Hybrid.= Hybrid.= NNP 20467 3384 3 A a DT 20467 3384 4 cross cross NN 20467 3384 5 between between IN 20467 3384 6 two two CD 20467 3384 7 species specie NNS 20467 3384 8 . . . 20467 3385 1 = = NFP 20467 3385 2 Imbricated.= Imbricated.= VBZ 20467 3385 3 Overlapping Overlapping NNP 20467 3385 4 . . . 20467 3386 1 = = NFP 20467 3386 2 Inflorescence.= Inflorescence.= VBD 20467 3386 3 Mode Mode NNP 20467 3386 4 of of IN 20467 3386 5 disposition disposition NN 20467 3386 6 of of IN 20467 3386 7 flowers flower NNS 20467 3386 8 ; ; : 20467 3386 9 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3386 10 applied apply VBD 20467 3386 11 to to IN 20467 3386 12 the the DT 20467 3386 13 flower flower NN 20467 3386 14 - - HYPH 20467 3386 15 cluster cluster VBD 20467 3386 16 itself -PRON- PRP 20467 3386 17 . . . 20467 3387 1 = = NFP 20467 3387 2 Involucre.= Involucre.= NNP 20467 3387 3 Bracts bract NNS 20467 3387 4 subtending subtend VBG 20467 3387 5 a a DT 20467 3387 6 flower flower NN 20467 3387 7 or or CC 20467 3387 8 a a DT 20467 3387 9 cluster cluster NN 20467 3387 10 of of IN 20467 3387 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 3387 12 . . . 20467 3388 1 = = NFP 20467 3388 2 Keeled.= keeled.= IN 20467 3388 3 Having have VBG 20467 3388 4 a a DT 20467 3388 5 central central JJ 20467 3388 6 dorsal dorsal NN 20467 3388 7 ridge ridge NN 20467 3388 8 like like IN 20467 3388 9 the the DT 20467 3388 10 keel keel NN 20467 3388 11 of of IN 20467 3388 12 a a DT 20467 3388 13 boat boat NN 20467 3388 14 . . . 20467 3389 1 = = NFP 20467 3389 2 Key.= Key.= NNP 20467 3389 3 A a DT 20467 3389 4 winged winged JJ 20467 3389 5 fruit fruit NN 20467 3389 6 ; ; : 20467 3389 7 a a DT 20467 3389 8 samara samara NN 20467 3389 9 . . . 20467 3390 1 = = NFP 20467 3390 2 Lacerate.= Lacerate.= NNP 20467 3390 3 Irregularly irregularly RB 20467 3390 4 cleft cleave VBN 20467 3390 5 , , , 20467 3390 6 as as IN 20467 3390 7 if if IN 20467 3390 8 torn tear VBN 20467 3390 9 . . . 20467 3391 1 = = SYM 20467 3391 2 Lanceolate.= Lanceolate.= NNP 20467 3391 3 Lance Lance NNP 20467 3391 4 - - HYPH 20467 3391 5 shaped shape VBN 20467 3391 6 , , , 20467 3391 7 broadest broad JJS 20467 3391 8 above above IN 20467 3391 9 the the DT 20467 3391 10 base base NN 20467 3391 11 , , , 20467 3391 12 gradually gradually RB 20467 3391 13 narrowing narrow VBG 20467 3391 14 to to IN 20467 3391 15 the the DT 20467 3391 16 apex apex NN 20467 3391 17 . . . 20467 3392 1 = = NFP 20467 3392 2 Leaf.= Leaf.= NNP 20467 3392 3 Consisting consist VBG 20467 3392 4 when when WRB 20467 3392 5 botanically botanically RB 20467 3392 6 complete complete JJ 20467 3392 7 of of IN 20467 3392 8 a a DT 20467 3392 9 blade blade NN 20467 3392 10 , , , 20467 3392 11 usually usually RB 20467 3392 12 flat flat JJ 20467 3392 13 , , , 20467 3392 14 a a DT 20467 3392 15 footstalk footstalk NN 20467 3392 16 and and CC 20467 3392 17 two two CD 20467 3392 18 appendages appendage NNS 20467 3392 19 at at IN 20467 3392 20 base base NN 20467 3392 21 of of IN 20467 3392 22 the the DT 20467 3392 23 footstalk footstalk NN 20467 3392 24 ; ; : 20467 3392 25 often often RB 20467 3392 26 consisting consist VBG 20467 3392 27 of of IN 20467 3392 28 blade blade NN 20467 3392 29 only only RB 20467 3392 30 . . . 20467 3393 1 = = NFP 20467 3393 2 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 3393 3 , , , 20467 3393 4 compound.= compound.= VBD 20467 3393 5 Having have VBG 20467 3393 6 two two CD 20467 3393 7 to to IN 20467 3393 8 many many JJ 20467 3393 9 distinct distinct JJ 20467 3393 10 blades blade NNS 20467 3393 11 on on IN 20467 3393 12 a a DT 20467 3393 13 common common JJ 20467 3393 14 leafstalk leafstalk NN 20467 3393 15 or or CC 20467 3393 16 rachis rachis NN 20467 3393 17 . . . 20467 3394 1 These these DT 20467 3394 2 blades blade NNS 20467 3394 3 may may MD 20467 3394 4 be be VB 20467 3394 5 sessile sessile JJ 20467 3394 6 or or CC 20467 3394 7 have have VBP 20467 3394 8 leafstalks leafstalk NNS 20467 3394 9 of of IN 20467 3394 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3394 11 own own JJ 20467 3394 12 . . . 20467 3395 1 = = NFP 20467 3395 2 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 3395 3 , , , 20467 3395 4 pinnately pinnately RB 20467 3395 5 compound.= compound.= VBZ 20467 3395 6 With with IN 20467 3395 7 the the DT 20467 3395 8 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 3395 9 arranged arrange VBN 20467 3395 10 along along IN 20467 3395 11 the the DT 20467 3395 12 sides side NNS 20467 3395 13 of of IN 20467 3395 14 the the DT 20467 3395 15 rachis rachis NN 20467 3395 16 . . . 20467 3396 1 = = NFP 20467 3396 2 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 3396 3 , , , 20467 3396 4 palmately palmately RB 20467 3396 5 compound.= compound.= VBZ 20467 3396 6 With with IN 20467 3396 7 leaflets leaflet NNS 20467 3396 8 all all DT 20467 3396 9 standing stand VBG 20467 3396 10 on on IN 20467 3396 11 summit summit NN 20467 3396 12 of of IN 20467 3396 13 petiole petiole NN 20467 3396 14 . . . 20467 3397 1 = = NFP 20467 3397 2 Leaf leaf NN 20467 3397 3 - - HYPH 20467 3397 4 cushions.= cushions.= NNP 20467 3397 5 Organs Organs NNPS 20467 3397 6 resembling resemble VBG 20467 3397 7 persistent persistent JJ 20467 3397 8 decurrent decurrent NN 20467 3397 9 footstalks footstalk NNS 20467 3397 10 , , , 20467 3397 11 upon upon IN 20467 3397 12 which which WDT 20467 3397 13 leaves leave VBZ 20467 3397 14 of of IN 20467 3397 15 spruces spruce NNS 20467 3397 16 , , , 20467 3397 17 etc etc FW 20467 3397 18 . . FW 20467 3397 19 , , , 20467 3397 20 stand stand VB 20467 3397 21 ; ; : 20467 3397 22 sterigmata sterigmata NN 20467 3397 23 . . . 20467 3398 1 = = NFP 20467 3398 2 Leaf Leaf NNP 20467 3398 3 - - HYPH 20467 3398 4 scar.= scar.= NNP 20467 3398 5 The the DT 20467 3398 6 scar scar NN 20467 3398 7 left leave VBD 20467 3398 8 on on IN 20467 3398 9 the the DT 20467 3398 10 twig twig NN 20467 3398 11 where where WRB 20467 3398 12 the the DT 20467 3398 13 petiole petiole NN 20467 3398 14 was be VBD 20467 3398 15 attached attach VBN 20467 3398 16 . . . 20467 3399 1 = = NFP 20467 3399 2 Lenticel.= lenticel.= ADD 20467 3399 3 Externally externally RB 20467 3399 4 appearing appear VBG 20467 3399 5 upon upon IN 20467 3399 6 the the DT 20467 3399 7 bark bark NN 20467 3399 8 as as IN 20467 3399 9 spots spot NNS 20467 3399 10 , , , 20467 3399 11 warts wart NNS 20467 3399 12 , , , 20467 3399 13 and and CC 20467 3399 14 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 20467 3399 15 or or CC 20467 3399 16 transverse transverse JJ 20467 3399 17 lines line NNS 20467 3399 18 . . . 20467 3400 1 = = NFP 20467 3400 2 Linear.= Linear.= NNP 20467 3400 3 Long Long NNP 20467 3400 4 and and CC 20467 3400 5 narrow narrow JJ 20467 3400 6 with with IN 20467 3400 7 sides side NNS 20467 3400 8 nearly nearly RB 20467 3400 9 parallel parallel JJ 20467 3400 10 . . . 20467 3401 1 = = NFP 20467 3401 2 Monopetalous.= Monopetalous.= NNP 20467 3401 3 Having have VBG 20467 3401 4 petals petal NNS 20467 3401 5 more more RBR 20467 3401 6 or or CC 20467 3401 7 less less RBR 20467 3401 8 united united JJ 20467 3401 9 . . . 20467 3402 1 = = NFP 20467 3402 2 Mucronate.= Mucronate.= NNP 20467 3402 3 Abruptly abruptly RB 20467 3402 4 tipped tip VBN 20467 3402 5 with with IN 20467 3402 6 a a DT 20467 3402 7 small small JJ 20467 3402 8 , , , 20467 3402 9 sharp sharp JJ 20467 3402 10 point point NN 20467 3402 11 . . . 20467 3403 1 = = NFP 20467 3403 2 Nerved.= Nerved.= NNP 20467 3403 3 Having have VBG 20467 3403 4 prominent prominent JJ 20467 3403 5 unbranched unbranched JJ 20467 3403 6 ribs rib NNS 20467 3403 7 or or CC 20467 3403 8 veins vein NNS 20467 3403 9 . . . 20467 3404 1 = = NFP 20467 3404 2 Obcordate.= Obcordate.= NNP 20467 3404 3 Inversely Inversely NNP 20467 3404 4 heart heart NN 20467 3404 5 - - HYPH 20467 3404 6 shaped shape VBN 20467 3404 7 . . . 20467 3405 1 = = NFP 20467 3405 2 Obovate.= Obovate.= NNP 20467 3405 3 Ovate Ovate NNP 20467 3405 4 with with IN 20467 3405 5 the the DT 20467 3405 6 broader broad JJR 20467 3405 7 end end NN 20467 3405 8 towards towards IN 20467 3405 9 the the DT 20467 3405 10 apex apex NN 20467 3405 11 . . . 20467 3406 1 = = NFP 20467 3406 2 Obtuse.= Obtuse.= NNP 20467 3406 3 Blunt Blunt NNP 20467 3406 4 or or CC 20467 3406 5 rounded round VBD 20467 3406 6 at at IN 20467 3406 7 the the DT 20467 3406 8 end end NN 20467 3406 9 . . . 20467 3407 1 = = NFP 20467 3407 2 Orbicular.= orbicular.= LS 20467 3407 3 Having have VBG 20467 3407 4 a a DT 20467 3407 5 circular circular JJ 20467 3407 6 or or CC 20467 3407 7 nearly nearly RB 20467 3407 8 circular circular JJ 20467 3407 9 outline outline NN 20467 3407 10 . . . 20467 3408 1 = = NFP 20467 3408 2 Ovary.= ovary.= NN 20467 3408 3 The the DT 20467 3408 4 part part NN 20467 3408 5 of of IN 20467 3408 6 the the DT 20467 3408 7 pistil pistil NN 20467 3408 8 containing contain VBG 20467 3408 9 the the DT 20467 3408 10 ovules ovule NNS 20467 3408 11 . . . 20467 3409 1 = = NFP 20467 3409 2 Ovoid.= Ovoid.= NNP 20467 3409 3 A a DT 20467 3409 4 solid solid JJ 20467 3409 5 with with IN 20467 3409 6 an an DT 20467 3409 7 oval oval NN 20467 3409 8 or or CC 20467 3409 9 ovate ovate JJ 20467 3409 10 outline outline NN 20467 3409 11 . . . 20467 3410 1 = = NFP 20467 3410 2 Ovuliferous.= Ovuliferous.= NNP 20467 3410 3 Bearing Bearing NNP 20467 3410 4 ovules ovule NNS 20467 3410 5 . . . 20467 3411 1 = = NFP 20467 3411 2 Panicle.= Panicle.= NNP 20467 3411 3 General General NNP 20467 3411 4 term term NN 20467 3411 5 for for IN 20467 3411 6 any any DT 20467 3411 7 loose loose JJ 20467 3411 8 and and CC 20467 3411 9 irregular irregular JJ 20467 3411 10 flower flower NN 20467 3411 11 - - HYPH 20467 3411 12 cluster cluster NN 20467 3411 13 , , , 20467 3411 14 commonly commonly RB 20467 3411 15 of of IN 20467 3411 16 the the DT 20467 3411 17 racemose racemose JJ 20467 3411 18 type type NN 20467 3411 19 , , , 20467 3411 20 with with IN 20467 3411 21 pedicellate pedicellate NN 20467 3411 22 flowers flower NNS 20467 3411 23 . . . 20467 3412 1 = = NFP 20467 3412 2 Pedicel.= pedicel.= VB 20467 3412 3 The the DT 20467 3412 4 stalk stalk NN 20467 3412 5 of of IN 20467 3412 6 a a DT 20467 3412 7 single single JJ 20467 3412 8 flower flower NN 20467 3412 9 in in IN 20467 3412 10 the the DT 20467 3412 11 ultimate ultimate JJ 20467 3412 12 divisions division NNS 20467 3412 13 of of IN 20467 3412 14 an an DT 20467 3412 15 inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 3412 16 . . . 20467 3413 1 = = NFP 20467 3413 2 Peduncle.= Peduncle.= NNP 20467 3413 3 The the DT 20467 3413 4 stem stem NN 20467 3413 5 of of IN 20467 3413 6 a a DT 20467 3413 7 solitary solitary JJ 20467 3413 8 flower flower NN 20467 3413 9 or or CC 20467 3413 10 of of IN 20467 3413 11 a a DT 20467 3413 12 cluster cluster NN 20467 3413 13 . . . 20467 3414 1 = = NFP 20467 3414 2 Perfect.= Perfect.= VBZ 20467 3414 3 Having have VBG 20467 3414 4 both both DT 20467 3414 5 pistils pistil NNS 20467 3414 6 and and CC 20467 3414 7 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3414 8 . . . 20467 3415 1 = = NFP 20467 3415 2 Perianth.= perianth.= VB 20467 3415 3 The the DT 20467 3415 4 floral floral JJ 20467 3415 5 envelope envelope NN 20467 3415 6 consisting consist VBG 20467 3415 7 of of IN 20467 3415 8 calyx calyx NN 20467 3415 9 , , , 20467 3415 10 corolla corolla NN 20467 3415 11 , , , 20467 3415 12 or or CC 20467 3415 13 both both DT 20467 3415 14 . . . 20467 3416 1 = = NFP 20467 3416 2 Persistent.= Persistent.= VBZ 20467 3416 3 Not not RB 20467 3416 4 falling fall VBG 20467 3416 5 for for IN 20467 3416 6 a a DT 20467 3416 7 long long JJ 20467 3416 8 time time NN 20467 3416 9 . . . 20467 3417 1 = = NFP 20467 3417 2 Petal.= petal.= RB 20467 3417 3 A a DT 20467 3417 4 division division NN 20467 3417 5 of of IN 20467 3417 6 the the DT 20467 3417 7 corolla corolla NN 20467 3417 8 . . . 20467 3418 1 = = NFP 20467 3418 2 Petiole.= petiole.= NN 20467 3418 3 The the DT 20467 3418 4 stalk stalk NN 20467 3418 5 of of IN 20467 3418 6 a a DT 20467 3418 7 leaf leaf NN 20467 3418 8 . . . 20467 3419 1 = = NFP 20467 3419 2 Petiolule.= Petiolule.= VBN 20467 3419 3 The the DT 20467 3419 4 stalk stalk NN 20467 3419 5 of of IN 20467 3419 6 a a DT 20467 3419 7 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 3419 8 in in IN 20467 3419 9 a a DT 20467 3419 10 compound compound NN 20467 3419 11 leaf leaf NN 20467 3419 12 . . . 20467 3420 1 = = NFP 20467 3420 2 Pistil.= pistil.= VB 20467 3420 3 The the DT 20467 3420 4 seed seed NN 20467 3420 5 - - HYPH 20467 3420 6 bearing bear VBG 20467 3420 7 organ organ NN 20467 3420 8 of of IN 20467 3420 9 the the DT 20467 3420 10 flower flower NN 20467 3420 11 . . . 20467 3421 1 = = NFP 20467 3421 2 Pistillate.= Pistillate.= NNP 20467 3421 3 Provided provide VBN 20467 3421 4 with with IN 20467 3421 5 pistils pistil NNS 20467 3421 6 ; ; : 20467 3421 7 usually usually RB 20467 3421 8 applied apply VBN 20467 3421 9 to to IN 20467 3421 10 flowers flower NNS 20467 3421 11 without without IN 20467 3421 12 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3421 13 . . . 20467 3422 1 = = NFP 20467 3422 2 Pollen.= Pollen.= NNP 20467 3422 3 The the DT 20467 3422 4 fertilizing fertilizing NN 20467 3422 5 grains grain NNS 20467 3422 6 contained contain VBN 20467 3422 7 in in IN 20467 3422 8 the the DT 20467 3422 9 anthers anther NNS 20467 3422 10 . . . 20467 3423 1 = = NFP 20467 3423 2 Puberulent.= puberulent.= RB 20467 3423 3 Minutely minutely RB 20467 3423 4 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 3423 5 . . . 20467 3424 1 = = NFP 20467 3424 2 Pubescent.= pubescent.= RB 20467 3424 3 Covered cover VBN 20467 3424 4 with with IN 20467 3424 5 short short JJ 20467 3424 6 soft soft JJ 20467 3424 7 or or CC 20467 3424 8 downy downy JJ 20467 3424 9 hairs hair NNS 20467 3424 10 . . . 20467 3425 1 = = NFP 20467 3425 2 Raceme.= Raceme.= NNP 20467 3425 3 A a DT 20467 3425 4 simple simple JJ 20467 3425 5 cluster cluster NN 20467 3425 6 of of IN 20467 3425 7 pediceled pedicele VBN 20467 3425 8 flowers flower NNS 20467 3425 9 upon upon IN 20467 3425 10 a a DT 20467 3425 11 common common JJ 20467 3425 12 axis axis NN 20467 3425 13 . . . 20467 3426 1 = = NFP 20467 3426 2 Rachis.= Rachis.= NNP 20467 3426 3 The the DT 20467 3426 4 main main JJ 20467 3426 5 axis axis NN 20467 3426 6 of of IN 20467 3426 7 a a DT 20467 3426 8 compound compound NN 20467 3426 9 leaf leaf NN 20467 3426 10 , , , 20467 3426 11 of of IN 20467 3426 12 a a DT 20467 3426 13 raceme raceme JJ 20467 3426 14 or or CC 20467 3426 15 of of IN 20467 3426 16 a a DT 20467 3426 17 spike spike NN 20467 3426 18 . . . 20467 3427 1 = = NFP 20467 3427 2 Ramification.= Ramification.= NNP 20467 3427 3 Branching Branching NNP 20467 3427 4 . . . 20467 3428 1 = = NFP 20467 3428 2 Range.= Range.= NNP 20467 3428 3 The the DT 20467 3428 4 geographical geographical JJ 20467 3428 5 extent extent NN 20467 3428 6 and and CC 20467 3428 7 limits limit NNS 20467 3428 8 of of IN 20467 3428 9 a a DT 20467 3428 10 species species NN 20467 3428 11 . . . 20467 3429 1 = = NFP 20467 3429 2 Reflexed.= Reflexed.= NNP 20467 3429 3 Turned turn VBN 20467 3429 4 backward backward RB 20467 3429 5 . . . 20467 3430 1 = = NFP 20467 3430 2 Reticulated.= Reticulated.= NNP 20467 3430 3 Netted Netted NNP 20467 3430 4 ; ; : 20467 3430 5 in in IN 20467 3430 6 the the DT 20467 3430 7 form form NN 20467 3430 8 of of IN 20467 3430 9 a a DT 20467 3430 10 network network NN 20467 3430 11 . . . 20467 3431 1 = = NFP 20467 3431 2 Revolute.= Revolute.= NNP 20467 3431 3 Rolled roll VBD 20467 3431 4 backward backward RB 20467 3431 5 from from IN 20467 3431 6 the the DT 20467 3431 7 margin margin NN 20467 3431 8 or or CC 20467 3431 9 apex apex NN 20467 3431 10 . . . 20467 3432 1 = = NFP 20467 3432 2 Samara.= Samara.= NNP 20467 3432 3 Key key JJ 20467 3432 4 fruit fruit NN 20467 3432 5 ; ; , 20467 3432 6 winged wing VBD 20467 3432 7 fruit fruit NNP 20467 3432 8 , , , 20467 3432 9 like like IN 20467 3432 10 that that DT 20467 3432 11 of of IN 20467 3432 12 the the DT 20467 3432 13 ash ash NN 20467 3432 14 or or CC 20467 3432 15 maple maple NN 20467 3432 16 . . . 20467 3433 1 = = NFP 20467 3433 2 Scarf Scarf NNP 20467 3433 3 - - HYPH 20467 3433 4 bark.= bark.= NNP 20467 3433 5 The the DT 20467 3433 6 thin thin JJ 20467 3433 7 , , , 20467 3433 8 outermost outermost JJ 20467 3433 9 layer layer NN 20467 3433 10 which which WDT 20467 3433 11 often often RB 20467 3433 12 peels peel VBZ 20467 3433 13 off off RP 20467 3433 14 . . . 20467 3434 1 = = NFP 20467 3434 2 Segment.= Segment.= . 20467 3434 3 One one CD 20467 3434 4 of of IN 20467 3434 5 the the DT 20467 3434 6 divisions division NNS 20467 3434 7 into into IN 20467 3434 8 which which WDT 20467 3434 9 a a DT 20467 3434 10 plane plane NN 20467 3434 11 organ organ NN 20467 3434 12 , , , 20467 3434 13 such such JJ 20467 3434 14 as as IN 20467 3434 15 a a DT 20467 3434 16 leaf leaf NN 20467 3434 17 , , , 20467 3434 18 may may MD 20467 3434 19 be be VB 20467 3434 20 divided divide VBN 20467 3434 21 . . . 20467 3435 1 = = NFP 20467 3435 2 Sepal.= Sepal.= VBG 20467 3435 3 A a DT 20467 3435 4 calyx calyx NN 20467 3435 5 leaf leaf NN 20467 3435 6 . . . 20467 3436 1 = = NFP 20467 3436 2 Serrate.= Serrate.= : 20467 3436 3 With with IN 20467 3436 4 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3436 5 inclining incline VBG 20467 3436 6 forward forward RB 20467 3436 7 . . . 20467 3437 1 = = NFP 20467 3437 2 Serrulate.= Serrulate.= NNP 20467 3437 3 With with IN 20467 3437 4 small small JJ 20467 3437 5 teeth tooth NNS 20467 3437 6 inclining incline VBG 20467 3437 7 forward forward RB 20467 3437 8 . . . 20467 3438 1 = = NFP 20467 3438 2 Sessile.= Sessile.= VBD 20467 3438 3 Not not RB 20467 3438 4 stalked stalk VBN 20467 3438 5 , , , 20467 3438 6 as as IN 20467 3438 7 when when WRB 20467 3438 8 the the DT 20467 3438 9 leaf leaf NN 20467 3438 10 blade blade NN 20467 3438 11 or or CC 20467 3438 12 flower flower NN 20467 3438 13 rests rest NNS 20467 3438 14 directly directly RB 20467 3438 15 upon upon IN 20467 3438 16 the the DT 20467 3438 17 twig twig NNP 20467 3438 18 . . . 20467 3439 1 = = NFP 20467 3439 2 Simple simple JJ 20467 3439 3 leaf.= leaf.= CD 20467 3439 4 Not not RB 20467 3439 5 compound compound NN 20467 3439 6 , , , 20467 3439 7 having have VBG 20467 3439 8 one one CD 20467 3439 9 blade blade NN 20467 3439 10 not not RB 20467 3439 11 jointed joint VBN 20467 3439 12 with with IN 20467 3439 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 20467 3439 14 stem stem NN 20467 3439 15 . . . 20467 3440 1 = = NFP 20467 3440 2 Sinuate.= Sinuate.= NNP 20467 3440 3 Strongly Strongly NNP 20467 3440 4 wavy wavy NNP 20467 3440 5 - - HYPH 20467 3440 6 margined margine VBN 20467 3440 7 . . . 20467 3441 1 = = NFP 20467 3441 2 Sinus.= Sinus.= : 20467 3441 3 Interval interval NN 20467 3441 4 between between IN 20467 3441 5 two two CD 20467 3441 6 lobes lobe NNS 20467 3441 7 or or CC 20467 3441 8 divisions division NNS 20467 3441 9 of of IN 20467 3441 10 a a DT 20467 3441 11 leaf leaf NN 20467 3441 12 ; ; : 20467 3441 13 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3441 14 sharp sharp JJ 20467 3441 15 - - HYPH 20467 3441 16 angular angular JJ 20467 3441 17 , , , 20467 3441 18 sometimes sometimes RB 20467 3441 19 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3441 20 . . . 20467 3442 1 = = NFP 20467 3442 2 Spatulate.= Spatulate.= NNP 20467 3442 3 Gradually gradually RB 20467 3442 4 narrowed narrow VBN 20467 3442 5 downward downward RB 20467 3442 6 from from IN 20467 3442 7 a a DT 20467 3442 8 rounded rounded JJ 20467 3442 9 summit summit NN 20467 3442 10 . . . 20467 3443 1 = = NFP 20467 3443 2 Spike.= Spike.= NNP 20467 3443 3 A a DT 20467 3443 4 cluster cluster NN 20467 3443 5 of of IN 20467 3443 6 sessile sessile NN 20467 3443 7 or or CC 20467 3443 8 nearly nearly RB 20467 3443 9 sessile sessile JJ 20467 3443 10 lateral lateral JJ 20467 3443 11 flowers flower NNS 20467 3443 12 on on IN 20467 3443 13 an an DT 20467 3443 14 elongated elongated JJ 20467 3443 15 axis axis NN 20467 3443 16 . . . 20467 3444 1 = = NFP 20467 3444 2 Spray.= spray.= XX 20467 3444 3 The the DT 20467 3444 4 smaller small JJR 20467 3444 5 branches branch NNS 20467 3444 6 and and CC 20467 3444 7 ultimate ultimate JJ 20467 3444 8 branchlets branchlet NNS 20467 3444 9 of of IN 20467 3444 10 a a DT 20467 3444 11 tree tree NN 20467 3444 12 taken take VBN 20467 3444 13 as as IN 20467 3444 14 a a DT 20467 3444 15 whole whole NN 20467 3444 16 . . . 20467 3445 1 = = NFP 20467 3445 2 Stamens.= Stamens.= NNP 20467 3445 3 The the DT 20467 3445 4 pollen pollen NN 20467 3445 5 - - HYPH 20467 3445 6 bearing bear VBG 20467 3445 7 organs organ NNS 20467 3445 8 of of IN 20467 3445 9 a a DT 20467 3445 10 flower flower NN 20467 3445 11 , , , 20467 3445 12 each each DT 20467 3445 13 stamen staman NNS 20467 3445 14 consisting consist VBG 20467 3445 15 of of IN 20467 3445 16 a a DT 20467 3445 17 filament filament NN 20467 3445 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3445 19 stem stem NN 20467 3445 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3445 21 and and CC 20467 3445 22 anther anther NN 20467 3445 23 which which WDT 20467 3445 24 contains contain VBZ 20467 3445 25 the the DT 20467 3445 26 pollen pollen NN 20467 3445 27 . . . 20467 3446 1 = = NFP 20467 3446 2 Staminate.= Staminate.= : 20467 3446 3 Having have VBG 20467 3446 4 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3446 5 . . . 20467 3447 1 = = LS 20467 3447 2 Sterile.= Sterile.= NNP 20467 3447 3 Variously variously RB 20467 3447 4 applied apply VBD 20467 3447 5 : : : 20467 3447 6 to to IN 20467 3447 7 flowers flower NNS 20467 3447 8 with with IN 20467 3447 9 stamens stamen NNS 20467 3447 10 only only RB 20467 3447 11 ; ; : 20467 3447 12 to to TO 20467 3447 13 stamens stamens VB 20467 3447 14 without without IN 20467 3447 15 anthers anther NNS 20467 3447 16 ; ; : 20467 3447 17 to to IN 20467 3447 18 anthers anther NNS 20467 3447 19 without without IN 20467 3447 20 pollen pollen NN 20467 3447 21 ; ; : 20467 3447 22 to to IN 20467 3447 23 ovaries ovary NNS 20467 3447 24 not not RB 20467 3447 25 producing produce VBG 20467 3447 26 seed seed NN 20467 3447 27 , , , 20467 3447 28 etc etc FW 20467 3447 29 . . . 20467 3448 1 = = NFP 20467 3448 2 Stigma.= stigma.= FW 20467 3448 3 Part part NN 20467 3448 4 of of IN 20467 3448 5 pistil pistil NN 20467 3448 6 which which WDT 20467 3448 7 receives receive VBZ 20467 3448 8 the the DT 20467 3448 9 pollen pollen NN 20467 3448 10 . . . 20467 3449 1 = = NFP 20467 3449 2 Stipels.= Stipels.= NNP 20467 3449 3 Appendages appendage NNS 20467 3449 4 to to IN 20467 3449 5 a a DT 20467 3449 6 leaflet leaflet NN 20467 3449 7 , , , 20467 3449 8 analogous analogous JJ 20467 3449 9 to to IN 20467 3449 10 the the DT 20467 3449 11 stipules stipule NNS 20467 3449 12 of of IN 20467 3449 13 a a DT 20467 3449 14 leaf leaf NN 20467 3449 15 . . . 20467 3450 1 = = NFP 20467 3450 2 Stipules.= Stipules.= NNP 20467 3450 3 Appendages Appendages NNP 20467 3450 4 of of IN 20467 3450 5 a a DT 20467 3450 6 leaf leaf NN 20467 3450 7 , , , 20467 3450 8 usually usually RB 20467 3450 9 at at IN 20467 3450 10 the the DT 20467 3450 11 point point NN 20467 3450 12 of of IN 20467 3450 13 insertion insertion NN 20467 3450 14 . . . 20467 3451 1 = = NFP 20467 3451 2 Striate.= Striate.= VBD 20467 3451 3 Streaked streak VBN 20467 3451 4 , , , 20467 3451 5 or or CC 20467 3451 6 very very RB 20467 3451 7 finely finely RB 20467 3451 8 ridged ridge VBN 20467 3451 9 lengthwise lengthwise RB 20467 3451 10 . . . 20467 3452 1 = = NFP 20467 3452 2 Style.= Style.= NNP 20467 3452 3 Part part NN 20467 3452 4 of of IN 20467 3452 5 pistil pistil NN 20467 3452 6 uniting unite VBG 20467 3452 7 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3452 8 with with IN 20467 3452 9 stigma stigma NN 20467 3452 10 ; ; : 20467 3452 11 often often RB 20467 3452 12 wanting want VBG 20467 3452 13 . . . 20467 3453 1 = = NFP 20467 3453 2 Sucker.= Sucker.= NNP 20467 3453 3 A a DT 20467 3453 4 shoot shoot NN 20467 3453 5 of of IN 20467 3453 6 subterranean subterranean JJ 20467 3453 7 origin origin NN 20467 3453 8 . . . 20467 3454 1 = = NFP 20467 3454 2 Suture.= Suture.= NNP 20467 3454 3 The the DT 20467 3454 4 line line NN 20467 3454 5 of of IN 20467 3454 6 union union NN 20467 3454 7 between between IN 20467 3454 8 parts part NNS 20467 3454 9 which which WDT 20467 3454 10 have have VBP 20467 3454 11 grown grow VBN 20467 3454 12 together together RB 20467 3454 13 ; ; : 20467 3454 14 most most RBS 20467 3454 15 often often RB 20467 3454 16 used use VBN 20467 3454 17 with with IN 20467 3454 18 reference reference NN 20467 3454 19 to to IN 20467 3454 20 the the DT 20467 3454 21 line line NN 20467 3454 22 along along IN 20467 3454 23 which which WDT 20467 3454 24 an an DT 20467 3454 25 ovary ovary JJ 20467 3454 26 opens open VBZ 20467 3454 27 . . . 20467 3455 1 = = NFP 20467 3455 2 Terete.= Terete.= NNP 20467 3455 3 Cylindrical Cylindrical NNP 20467 3455 4 . . . 20467 3456 1 = = NFP 20467 3456 2 Ternate.= Ternate.= NNP 20467 3456 3 In in IN 20467 3456 4 threes three NNS 20467 3456 5 . . . 20467 3457 1 = = NFP 20467 3457 2 Tomentose.= tomentose.= DT 20467 3457 3 Densely densely RB 20467 3457 4 pubescent pubescent NN 20467 3457 5 or or CC 20467 3457 6 woolly woolly RB 20467 3457 7 . . . 20467 3458 1 = = NFP 20467 3458 2 Truncate.= Truncate.= NNP 20467 3458 3 As as IN 20467 3458 4 if if IN 20467 3458 5 cut cut VBD 20467 3458 6 off off RP 20467 3458 7 at at IN 20467 3458 8 the the DT 20467 3458 9 end end NN 20467 3458 10 . . . 20467 3459 1 = = NFP 20467 3459 2 Umbel.= Umbel.= NNP 20467 3459 3 An an DT 20467 3459 4 inflorescence inflorescence NN 20467 3459 5 in in IN 20467 3459 6 which which WDT 20467 3459 7 the the DT 20467 3459 8 flower flower NN 20467 3459 9 stems stem VBZ 20467 3459 10 spring spring NN 20467 3459 11 from from IN 20467 3459 12 the the DT 20467 3459 13 same same JJ 20467 3459 14 point point NN 20467 3459 15 like like IN 20467 3459 16 the the DT 20467 3459 17 rays ray NNS 20467 3459 18 of of IN 20467 3459 19 an an DT 20467 3459 20 umbrella umbrella NN 20467 3459 21 . . . 20467 3460 1 = = NFP 20467 3460 2 Verticillate.= Verticillate.= NNP 20467 3460 3 Arranged Arranged NNP 20467 3460 4 in in IN 20467 3460 5 a a DT 20467 3460 6 circle circle NN 20467 3460 7 round round IN 20467 3460 8 an an DT 20467 3460 9 axis axis NN 20467 3460 10 ; ; , 20467 3460 11 whorled whorle VBD 20467 3460 12 . . . 20467 3461 1 = = NFP 20467 3461 2 Villose= Villose= NNP 20467 3461 3 or or CC 20467 3461 4 = = SYM 20467 3461 5 villous.= villous.= NNP 20467 3461 6 With with IN 20467 3461 7 long long JJ 20467 3461 8 , , , 20467 3461 9 soft soft JJ 20467 3461 10 hairs hair NNS 20467 3461 11 . . . 20467 3462 1 = = NFP 20467 3462 2 Whorl.= whorl.= VB 20467 3462 3 Arranged arrange VBN 20467 3462 4 in in IN 20467 3462 5 a a DT 20467 3462 6 circle circle NN 20467 3462 7 about about IN 20467 3462 8 an an DT 20467 3462 9 axis axis NN 20467 3462 10 . . . 20467 3463 1 INDEX index NN 20467 3463 2 . . . 20467 3464 1 A a DT 20467 3464 2 Abele Abele NNP 20467 3464 3 . . . 20467 3465 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3465 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3465 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3465 4 , , , 20467 3465 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3465 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3465 7 39 39 CD 20467 3465 8 , , , 20467 3465 9 40 40 CD 20467 3465 10 Abies Abies NNPS 20467 3465 11 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 3465 12 , , , 20467 3465 13 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3465 14 . . . 20467 3466 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3466 2 Fir Fir NNP 20467 3466 3 balsam balsam NN 20467 3466 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3466 5 20 20 CD 20467 3466 6 - - SYM 20467 3466 7 22 22 CD 20467 3466 8 = = SYM 20467 3466 9 Abietacæ.= Abietacæ.= NNP 20467 3466 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3466 11 = = SYM 20467 3466 12 Pinoideæ= pinoideæ= FW 20467 3466 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3466 14 1 1 CD 20467 3466 15 - - SYM 20467 3466 16 22 22 CD 20467 3466 17 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3466 18 1 1 CD 20467 3466 19 - - SYM 20467 3466 20 4 4 CD 20467 3466 21 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3466 22 4 4 CD 20467 3466 23 - - SYM 20467 3466 24 12 12 CD 20467 3466 25 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3466 26 12 12 CD 20467 3466 27 - - SYM 20467 3466 28 18 18 CD 20467 3466 29 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 20467 3466 30 19 19 CD 20467 3466 31 , , , 20467 3466 32 20 20 CD 20467 3466 33 Abies Abies NNPS 20467 3466 34 20 20 CD 20467 3466 35 - - SYM 20467 3466 36 22 22 CD 20467 3466 37 Acacia Acacia NNP 20467 3466 38 , , , 20467 3466 39 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3466 40 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3466 41 Pseudacacia Pseudacacia NNP 20467 3466 42 , , , 20467 3466 43 L. L. NNP 20467 3466 44 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3466 45 131 131 CD 20467 3466 46 , , , 20467 3466 47 132 132 CD 20467 3466 48 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3466 49 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3466 50 viscosa viscosa NNS 20467 3466 51 , , , 20467 3466 52 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3466 53 . . . 20467 3466 54 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3467 1 132 132 CD 20467 3467 2 Three three CD 20467 3467 3 - - HYPH 20467 3467 4 thorned thorne VBN 20467 3467 5 . . . 20467 3468 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3468 2 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 3468 3 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 3468 4 , , , 20467 3468 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3468 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3468 7 129 129 CD 20467 3468 8 , , , 20467 3468 9 130 130 CD 20467 3468 10 = = SYM 20467 3468 11 Aceraceæ.= Aceraceæ.= NNS 20467 3468 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3468 13 Maple Maple NNP 20467 3468 14 family family NN 20467 3468 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3468 16 . . . 20467 3469 1 140 140 CD 20467 3469 2 - - SYM 20467 3469 3 153 153 CD 20467 3469 4 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3469 5 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 3469 6 , , , 20467 3469 7 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3469 8 . . . 20467 3470 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3470 2 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3470 3 , , , 20467 3470 4 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3470 5 , , , 20467 3470 6 Hard hard JJ 20467 3470 7 maple maple NN 20467 3470 8 , , , 20467 3470 9 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3470 10 tree tree NN 20467 3470 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3470 12 144 144 CD 20467 3470 13 - - SYM 20467 3470 14 146 146 CD 20467 3470 15 barbatum barbatum NN 20467 3470 16 , , , 20467 3470 17 var var NN 20467 3470 18 . . . 20467 3471 1 nigrum nigrum NNP 20467 3471 2 , , , 20467 3471 3 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3471 4 . . . 20467 3472 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3472 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3472 3 maple maple NN 20467 3472 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3472 5 146 146 CD 20467 3472 6 , , , 20467 3472 7 147 147 CD 20467 3472 8 dasycarpum dasycarpum NN 20467 3472 9 , , , 20467 3472 10 Ehrh ehrh NN 20467 3472 11 . . . 20467 3473 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3473 2 Silver Silver NNP 20467 3473 3 , , , 20467 3473 4 Soft Soft NNP 20467 3473 5 , , , 20467 3473 6 White White NNP 20467 3473 7 , , , 20467 3473 8 River River NNP 20467 3473 9 maple maple NN 20467 3473 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3473 11 142 142 CD 20467 3473 12 - - SYM 20467 3473 13 144 144 CD 20467 3473 14 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 3473 15 , , , 20467 3473 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3473 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3473 18 Box Box NNP 20467 3473 19 elder elder NN 20467 3473 20 , , , 20467 3473 21 Ash Ash NNP 20467 3473 22 - - HYPH 20467 3473 23 leaved leave VBN 20467 3473 24 maple maple NN 20467 3473 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3473 26 151 151 CD 20467 3473 27 - - HYPH 20467 3473 28 153 153 CD 20467 3473 29 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 3473 30 , , , 20467 3473 31 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3473 32 . . . 20467 3474 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3474 3 maple maple NN 20467 3474 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 5 146,147 146,147 CD 20467 3474 6 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 3474 7 , , , 20467 3474 8 L. L. NNP 20467 3474 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 10 Striped Striped NNP 20467 3474 11 maple maple NN 20467 3474 12 , , , 20467 3474 13 Moosewood Moosewood NNP 20467 3474 14 , , , 20467 3474 15 Whistlewood Whistlewood NNP 20467 3474 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 17 149 149 CD 20467 3474 18 - - SYM 20467 3474 19 151 151 CD 20467 3474 20 platanoides platanoide NNS 20467 3474 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 22 Norway Norway NNP 20467 3474 23 maple maple NN 20467 3474 24 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 25 146 146 CD 20467 3474 26 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 3474 27 , , , 20467 3474 28 L. L. NNP 20467 3474 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 30 Red Red NNP 20467 3474 31 , , , 20467 3474 32 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3474 33 , , , 20467 3474 34 Soft Soft NNP 20467 3474 35 , , , 20467 3474 36 White white JJ 20467 3474 37 maple maple NN 20467 3474 38 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 39 140 140 CD 20467 3474 40 - - SYM 20467 3474 41 142 142 CD 20467 3474 42 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3474 43 , , , 20467 3474 44 L. L. NNP 20467 3474 45 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 46 Silver Silver NNP 20467 3474 47 , , , 20467 3474 48 Soft Soft NNP 20467 3474 49 , , , 20467 3474 50 White White NNP 20467 3474 51 , , , 20467 3474 52 River River NNP 20467 3474 53 maple maple NN 20467 3474 54 _ _ NNP 20467 3474 55 142 142 CD 20467 3474 56 - - SYM 20467 3474 57 144 144 CD 20467 3474 58 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3474 59 , , , 20467 3474 60 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3474 61 . . . 20467 3475 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3475 2 Rocky Rocky NNP 20467 3475 3 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3475 4 , , , 20467 3475 5 Hard Hard NNP 20467 3475 6 maple maple NN 20467 3475 7 , , , 20467 3475 8 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3475 9 tree tree NN 20467 3475 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3475 11 144 144 CD 20467 3475 12 - - SYM 20467 3475 13 146 146 CD 20467 3475 14 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3475 15 , , , 20467 3475 16 var var NN 20467 3475 17 . . . 20467 3476 1 nigrum nigrum NNP 20467 3476 2 , , , 20467 3476 3 T. T. NNP 20467 3476 4 and and CC 20467 3476 5 G. G. NNP 20467 3476 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3476 7 Black Black NNP 20467 3476 8 maple maple NN 20467 3476 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3476 10 146 146 CD 20467 3476 11 , , , 20467 3476 12 147 147 CD 20467 3476 13 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3476 14 , , , 20467 3476 15 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3476 16 . . . 20467 3477 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3477 2 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3477 3 , , , 20467 3477 4 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3477 5 , , , 20467 3477 6 Hard hard JJ 20467 3477 7 maple maple NN 20467 3477 8 , , , 20467 3477 9 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3477 10 tree tree NN 20467 3477 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3477 12 144 144 CD 20467 3477 13 - - SYM 20467 3477 14 146 146 CD 20467 3477 15 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3477 16 , , , 20467 3477 17 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3477 18 . . . 20467 3477 19 , , , 20467 3477 20 var var NN 20467 3477 21 . . . 20467 3478 1 barbatum barbatum NNP 20467 3478 2 , , , 20467 3478 3 Trelease Trelease NNP 20467 3478 4 172 172 CD 20467 3478 5 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3478 6 , , , 20467 3478 7 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3478 8 . . . 20467 3478 9 , , , 20467 3478 10 var var NN 20467 3478 11 . . . 20467 3479 1 nigrum nigrum NNP 20467 3479 2 , , , 20467 3479 3 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3479 4 . . . 20467 3480 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3480 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3480 3 maple maple NN 20467 3480 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3480 5 146 146 CD 20467 3480 6 , , , 20467 3480 7 147 147 CD 20467 3480 8 , , , 20467 3480 9 172 172 CD 20467 3480 10 spicatum spicatum NN 20467 3480 11 , , , 20467 3480 12 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3480 13 . . . 20467 3481 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3481 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3481 3 maple maple NN 20467 3481 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3481 5 148 148 CD 20467 3481 6 , , , 20467 3481 7 149 149 CD 20467 3481 8 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 3481 9 aceroides aceroide NNS 20467 3481 10 , , , 20467 3481 11 Moench Moench NNP 20467 3481 12 . . . 20467 3482 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3482 2 Box Box NNP 20467 3482 3 elder elder NN 20467 3482 4 , , , 20467 3482 5 Ash Ash NNP 20467 3482 6 - - HYPH 20467 3482 7 leaved leave VBN 20467 3482 8 maple maple NN 20467 3482 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3482 10 151 151 CD 20467 3482 11 - - HYPH 20467 3482 12 153 153 CD 20467 3482 13 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 3482 14 , , , 20467 3482 15 Karst Karst NNP 20467 3482 16 , , , 20467 3482 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3482 18 Box Box NNP 20467 3482 19 elder elder NN 20467 3482 20 , , , 20467 3482 21 Ash Ash NNP 20467 3482 22 - - HYPH 20467 3482 23 leaved leave VBN 20467 3482 24 maple maple NN 20467 3482 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3482 26 151 151 CD 20467 3482 27 - - HYPH 20467 3482 28 153 153 CD 20467 3482 29 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3482 30 family family NN 20467 3482 31 . . . 20467 3483 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3483 2 = = SYM 20467 3483 3 Simarubaceæ= simarubaceæ= NN 20467 3483 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3483 5 133 133 CD 20467 3483 6 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3483 7 , , , 20467 3483 8 Tree Tree NNP 20467 3483 9 of of IN 20467 3483 10 Heaven Heaven NNP 20467 3483 11 , , , 20467 3483 12 Chinese chinese JJ 20467 3483 13 sumac sumac NN 20467 3483 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3483 15 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3483 16 glanulosus glanulosus JJ 20467 3483 17 , , , 20467 3483 18 Desf Desf NNP 20467 3483 19 . . . 20467 3483 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3484 1 133 133 CD 20467 3484 2 Alder Alder NNP 20467 3484 3 , , , 20467 3484 4 European european JJ 20467 3484 5 . . . 20467 3485 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3485 2 Alnus Alnus NNP 20467 3485 3 glutinosa glutinosa NNS 20467 3485 4 , , , 20467 3485 5 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3485 6 . . . 20467 3485 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3486 1 70 70 CD 20467 3486 2 Alnus alnus JJ 20467 3486 3 glutinosa glutinosa NN 20467 3486 4 , , , 20467 3486 5 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3486 6 , , , 20467 3486 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3486 8 European European NNP 20467 3486 9 alder alder NN 20467 3486 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3486 11 70 70 CD 20467 3486 12 Amelanchier Amelanchier NNP 20467 3486 13 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3486 14 , , , 20467 3486 15 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3486 16 . . . 20467 3487 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3487 2 Shadbush Shadbush NNP 20467 3487 3 , , , 20467 3487 4 June June NNP 20467 3487 5 - - HYPH 20467 3487 6 berry berry NNP 20467 3487 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3487 8 , , , 20467 3487 9 116 116 CD 20467 3487 10 , , , 20467 3487 11 117 117 CD 20467 3487 12 American american JJ 20467 3487 13 elm elm NN 20467 3487 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3487 15 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3487 16 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3487 17 , , , 20467 3487 18 L. L. NNP 20467 3487 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3487 20 95 95 CD 20467 3487 21 - - SYM 20467 3487 22 97 97 CD 20467 3487 23 holly holly RB 20467 3487 24 . . . 20467 3488 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3488 2 Hex Hex NNP 20467 3488 3 opaca opaca NN 20467 3488 4 , , , 20467 3488 5 Alt Alt NNP 20467 3488 6 . . . 20467 3488 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3489 1 138 138 CD 20467 3489 2 - - SYM 20467 3489 3 146 146 CD 20467 3489 4 = = SYM 20467 3489 5 Anacardiaceæ.= anacardiaceæ.= ADD 20467 3489 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3489 7 Sumac sumac NN 20467 3489 8 family family NN 20467 3489 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3489 10 134 134 CD 20467 3489 11 - - HYPH 20467 3489 12 137 137 CD 20467 3489 13 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3489 14 copallina copallina NNP 20467 3489 15 . . . 20467 3490 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3490 2 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3490 3 sumac sumac NN 20467 3490 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3490 5 , , , 20467 3490 6 137 137 CD 20467 3490 7 glabra glabra NN 20467 3490 8 . . . 20467 3491 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3491 2 Smooth smooth JJ 20467 3491 3 sumac sumac NN 20467 3491 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3491 5 , , , 20467 3491 6 137 137 CD 20467 3491 7 hirta hirta NN 20467 3491 8 , , , 20467 3491 9 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3491 10 . . . 20467 3492 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3492 2 Staghorn Staghorn NNP 20467 3492 3 sumac sumac NN 20467 3492 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3492 5 , , , 20467 3492 6 134 134 CD 20467 3492 7 , , , 20467 3492 8 135 135 CD 20467 3492 9 toxicodendron toxicodendron NN 20467 3492 10 . . . 20467 3493 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3493 2 Poison Poison NNP 20467 3493 3 ivy ivy NN 20467 3493 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3493 5 , , , 20467 3493 6 137 137 CD 20467 3493 7 typhina typhina NN 20467 3493 8 , , , 20467 3493 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3493 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3493 11 Staghorn Staghorn NNP 20467 3493 12 sumac sumac NN 20467 3493 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3493 14 , , , 20467 3493 15 134 134 CD 20467 3493 16 , , , 20467 3493 17 135 135 CD 20467 3493 18 venenata venenata NN 20467 3493 19 , , , 20467 3493 20 DC DC NNP 20467 3493 21 . . . 20467 3494 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3494 2 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3494 3 , , , 20467 3494 4 Poison poison NN 20467 3494 5 sumac sumac NN 20467 3494 6 . . . 20467 3495 1 Poison poison NN 20467 3495 2 elder elder NN 20467 3495 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3495 4 , , , 20467 3495 5 136 136 CD 20467 3495 6 , , , 20467 3495 7 137 137 CD 20467 3495 8 vernix vernix NN 20467 3495 9 , , , 20467 3495 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3495 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3495 12 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3495 13 , , , 20467 3495 14 Poison poison NN 20467 3495 15 sumac sumac NN 20467 3495 16 . . . 20467 3496 1 Poison poison NN 20467 3496 2 elder elder NN 20467 3496 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3496 4 , , , 20467 3496 5 136 136 CD 20467 3496 6 , , , 20467 3496 7 137 137 CD 20467 3496 8 Apple Apple NNP 20467 3496 9 family family NN 20467 3496 10 . . . 20467 3497 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3497 2 = = NFP 20467 3497 3 Pomaceæ= pomaceæ= NN 20467 3497 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3497 5 112 112 CD 20467 3497 6 - - SYM 20467 3497 7 121 121 CD 20467 3497 8 Apple Apple NNP 20467 3497 9 tree tree NN 20467 3497 10 . . . 20467 3498 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3498 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3498 3 malus malus NN 20467 3498 4 , , , 20467 3498 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3498 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3498 7 1 1 CD 20467 3498 8 = = SYM 20467 3498 9 Aquifoliaceæ.= Aquifoliaceæ.= NNS 20467 3498 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3498 11 Holly Holly NNP 20467 3498 12 family family NN 20467 3498 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3498 14 138 138 CD 20467 3498 15 - - SYM 20467 3498 16 140 140 CD 20467 3498 17 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 3498 18 opaca opaca NN 20467 3498 19 , , , 20467 3498 20 Ait ait RB 20467 3498 21 . . . 20467 3499 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3499 2 American American NNP 20467 3499 3 holly holly RB 20467 3499 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3499 5 138 138 CD 20467 3499 6 , , , 20467 3499 7 140 140 CD 20467 3499 8 Ash Ash NNP 20467 3499 9 , , , 20467 3499 10 Black Black NNP 20467 3499 11 , , , 20467 3499 12 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3499 13 , , , 20467 3499 14 Basket Basket NNP 20467 3499 15 , , , 20467 3499 16 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3499 17 , , , 20467 3499 18 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3499 19 ash ash NN 20467 3499 20 . . . 20467 3500 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3500 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3500 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3500 4 , , , 20467 3500 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3500 6 . . . 20467 3500 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3501 1 167 167 CD 20467 3501 2 - - SYM 20467 3501 3 168 168 CD 20467 3501 4 European european JJ 20467 3501 5 mountain mountain NN 20467 3501 6 ash ash NN 20467 3501 7 . . . 20467 3502 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3502 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3502 3 aucuparia aucuparia NNP 20467 3502 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3502 5 113 113 CD 20467 3502 6 , , , 20467 3502 7 115 115 CD 20467 3502 8 Green green JJ 20467 3502 9 ash ash NN 20467 3502 10 . . . 20467 3503 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3503 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3503 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3503 4 , , , 20467 3503 5 var var NN 20467 3503 6 . . . 20467 3504 1 lanceolata lanceolata NNP 20467 3504 2 , , , 20467 3504 3 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3504 4 . . . 20467 3504 5 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3505 1 166 166 CD 20467 3505 2 , , , 20467 3505 3 172 172 CD 20467 3505 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3505 5 ash ash NN 20467 3505 6 . . . 20467 3506 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3506 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3506 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3506 4 , , , 20467 3506 5 DC DC NNP 20467 3506 6 . . . 20467 3506 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3507 1 112 112 CD 20467 3507 2 , , , 20467 3507 3 113 113 CD 20467 3507 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3507 5 ash ash NN 20467 3507 6 . . . 20467 3508 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3508 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3508 3 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3508 4 , , , 20467 3508 5 Cham Cham NNP 20467 3508 6 . . . 20467 3509 1 & & CC 20467 3509 2 Schlecht Schlecht NNP 20467 3509 3 . . . 20467 3509 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3510 1 113 113 CD 20467 3510 2 - - SYM 20467 3510 3 115 115 CD 20467 3510 4 Red Red NNP 20467 3510 5 , , , 20467 3510 6 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3510 7 , , , 20467 3510 8 River River NNP 20467 3510 9 ash ash NN 20467 3510 10 . . . 20467 3511 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3511 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3511 3 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 3511 4 . . . 20467 3512 1 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3512 2 . . . 20467 3512 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3513 1 164,165 164,165 CD 20467 3513 2 White white JJ 20467 3513 3 ash ash NN 20467 3513 4 . . . 20467 3514 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3514 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3514 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3514 4 , , , 20467 3514 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3514 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3514 7 162 162 CD 20467 3514 8 - - HYPH 20467 3514 9 164 164 CD 20467 3514 10 Ash ash NN 20467 3514 11 - - HYPH 20467 3514 12 leaved leave VBN 20467 3514 13 maple maple NN 20467 3514 14 . . . 20467 3515 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3515 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3515 3 negundo negundo NNP 20467 3515 4 , , , 20467 3515 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3515 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3515 7 151 151 CD 20467 3515 8 - - HYPH 20467 3515 9 153 153 CD 20467 3515 10 Aspen Aspen NNP 20467 3515 11 , , , 20467 3515 12 Large Large NNP 20467 3515 13 - - HYPH 20467 3515 14 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3515 15 . . . 20467 3516 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3516 2 Populusgrandidentata Populusgrandidentata NNP 20467 3516 3 , , , 20467 3516 4 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3516 5 . . . 20467 3516 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3517 1 31 31 CD 20467 3517 2 , , , 20467 3517 3 32 32 CD 20467 3517 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3517 5 Populus populus JJ 20467 3517 6 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 3517 7 , , , 20467 3517 8 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3517 9 . . . 20467 3517 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3518 1 29 29 CD 20467 3518 2 , , , 20467 3518 3 30 30 CD 20467 3518 4 B b NN 20467 3518 5 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3518 6 of of IN 20467 3518 7 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3518 8 . . . 20467 3519 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3519 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3519 3 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3519 4 , , , 20467 3519 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3519 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3519 7 36 36 CD 20467 3519 8 , , , 20467 3519 9 37 37 CD 20467 3519 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3519 11 Populus populus JJ 20467 3519 12 candicans candican NNS 20467 3519 13 , , , 20467 3519 14 Alt Alt NNP 20467 3519 15 . . . 20467 3519 16 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3519 17 . . . 20467 3520 1 37 37 CD 20467 3520 2 - - SYM 20467 3520 3 39 39 CD 20467 3520 4 , , , 20467 3520 5 171 171 CD 20467 3520 6 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3520 7 . . . 20467 3521 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3521 2 Abies abie NNS 20467 3521 3 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 3521 4 , , , 20467 3521 5 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3521 6 . . . 20467 3521 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3522 1 20 20 CD 20467 3522 2 - - SYM 20467 3522 3 22 22 CD 20467 3522 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3522 5 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3522 6 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3522 7 , , , 20467 3522 8 L. L. NNP 20467 3522 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3522 10 36 36 CD 20467 3522 11 , , , 20467 3522 12 37 37 CD 20467 3522 13 Basket basket NN 20467 3522 14 ash ash NN 20467 3522 15 . . . 20467 3523 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3523 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3523 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3523 4 , , , 20467 3523 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3523 6 . . . 20467 3523 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3524 1 167 167 CD 20467 3524 2 , , , 20467 3524 3 168 168 CD 20467 3524 4 Basswood Basswood NNP 20467 3524 5 . . . 20467 3525 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3525 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3525 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3525 4 , , , 20467 3525 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3525 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3525 7 153 153 CD 20467 3525 8 - - HYPH 20467 3525 9 155 155 CD 20467 3525 10 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3525 11 oak oak NN 20467 3525 12 . . . 20467 3526 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3526 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3526 3 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 3526 4 , , , 20467 3526 5 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3526 6 . . . 20467 3526 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3527 1 93 93 CD 20467 3527 2 , , , 20467 3527 3 94 94 CD 20467 3527 4 Beech Beech NNP 20467 3527 5 family family NN 20467 3527 6 . . . 20467 3528 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3528 2 = = SYM 20467 3528 3 Fagaceæ= Fagaceæ= NNP 20467 3528 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3528 5 70 70 CD 20467 3528 6 - - SYM 20467 3528 7 94 94 CD 20467 3528 8 Beech Beech NNP 20467 3528 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3528 10 Fagus fagus JJ 20467 3528 11 ferruginea ferruginea NN 20467 3528 12 , , , 20467 3528 13 Alt Alt NNP 20467 3528 14 . . . 20467 3528 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3529 1 70 70 CD 20467 3529 2 - - SYM 20467 3529 3 72 72 CD 20467 3529 4 Blue Blue NNP 20467 3529 5 beech beech NN 20467 3529 6 , , , 20467 3529 7 Water Water NNP 20467 3529 8 beech beech NN 20467 3529 9 . . . 20467 3530 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3530 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3530 3 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3530 4 . . . 20467 3531 1 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3531 2 . . . 20467 3531 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3532 1 59 59 CD 20467 3532 2 , , , 20467 3532 3 60 60 CD 20467 3532 4 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3532 5 lenta lenta NNS 20467 3532 6 , , , 20467 3532 7 L. L. NNP 20467 3532 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3532 9 Black Black NNP 20467 3532 10 , , , 20467 3532 11 Cherry Cherry NNP 20467 3532 12 , , , 20467 3532 13 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3532 14 birch birch NN 20467 3532 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3532 16 61 61 CD 20467 3532 17 , , , 20467 3532 18 62 62 CD 20467 3532 19 lutea lutea JJ 20467 3532 20 , , , 20467 3532 21 Michx michx UH 20467 3532 22 . . . 20467 3533 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3533 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3533 3 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3533 4 , , , 20467 3533 5 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3533 6 birch birch NNP 20467 3533 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3533 8 63 63 CD 20467 3533 9 , , , 20467 3533 10 64 64 CD 20467 3533 11 nigra nigra NN 20467 3533 12 , , , 20467 3533 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3533 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3533 15 Red Red NNP 20467 3533 16 , , , 20467 3533 17 River River NNP 20467 3533 18 birch birch NN 20467 3533 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3533 20 55,66 55,66 CD 20467 3533 21 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3533 22 . . . 20467 3534 1 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3534 2 . . . 20467 3535 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3535 2 White White NNP 20467 3535 3 , , , 20467 3535 4 Canoe Canoe NNP 20467 3535 5 . . . 20467 3536 1 Paper paper NN 20467 3536 2 birch birch NN 20467 3536 3 , , , 20467 3536 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3536 5 68 68 CD 20467 3536 6 - - SYM 20467 3536 7 70 70 CD 20467 3536 8 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3536 9 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3536 10 , , , 20467 3536 11 var var NN 20467 3536 12 . . . 20467 3537 1 minor minor JJ 20467 3537 2 , , , 20467 3537 3 Tuckerman Tuckerman NNP 20467 3537 4 . . . 20467 3538 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3538 2 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3538 3 birch birch NN 20467 3538 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3538 5 68 68 CD 20467 3538 6 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3538 7 , , , 20467 3538 8 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3538 9 . . . 20467 3539 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3539 2 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3539 3 , , , 20467 3539 4 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3539 5 , , , 20467 3539 6 Oldfield Oldfield NNP 20467 3539 7 , , , 20467 3539 8 Poverty Poverty NNP 20467 3539 9 , , , 20467 3539 10 Small small JJ 20467 3539 11 white white JJ 20467 3539 12 birch birch NN 20467 3539 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3539 14 66 66 CD 20467 3539 15 - - HYPH 20467 3539 16 68 68 CD 20467 3539 17 = = SYM 20467 3539 18 Betulaceæ.= betulaceæ.= NN 20467 3539 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3539 20 Birch Birch NNP 20467 3539 21 family family NN 20467 3539 22 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3539 23 57 57 CD 20467 3539 24 - - SYM 20467 3539 25 70 70 CD 20467 3539 26 Alnus Alnus NNP 20467 3539 27 glutinosa glutinosa NNS 20467 3539 28 , , , 20467 3539 29 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3539 30 . . . 20467 3540 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3540 2 European european JJ 20467 3540 3 alder alder NN 20467 3540 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3540 5 70 70 CD 20467 3540 6 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3540 7 lenta lenta NNS 20467 3540 8 , , , 20467 3540 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3540 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3540 11 Black Black NNP 20467 3540 12 , , , 20467 3540 13 Cherry Cherry NNP 20467 3540 14 , , , 20467 3540 15 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3540 16 birch birch NN 20467 3540 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3540 18 61 61 CD 20467 3540 19 , , , 20467 3540 20 62 62 CD 20467 3540 21 lutea lutea JJ 20467 3540 22 , , , 20467 3540 23 Michx michx UH 20467 3540 24 . . . 20467 3541 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3541 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3541 3 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3541 4 , , , 20467 3541 5 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3541 6 birch birch NNP 20467 3541 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3541 8 63 63 CD 20467 3541 9 , , , 20467 3541 10 64 64 CD 20467 3541 11 nigra nigra NN 20467 3541 12 , , , 20467 3541 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3541 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3541 15 Red Red NNP 20467 3541 16 , , , 20467 3541 17 River River NNP 20467 3541 18 birch birch NN 20467 3541 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3541 20 65 65 CD 20467 3541 21 , , , 20467 3541 22 66 66 CD 20467 3541 23 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3541 24 , , , 20467 3541 25 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3541 26 . . . 20467 3542 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3542 2 White White NNP 20467 3542 3 , , , 20467 3542 4 Canoe Canoe NNP 20467 3542 5 , , , 20467 3542 6 Paper Paper NNP 20467 3542 7 birch birch NN 20467 3542 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3542 9 68 68 CD 20467 3542 10 - - SYM 20467 3542 11 70 70 CD 20467 3542 12 var var NN 20467 3542 13 . . . 20467 3543 1 minor minor JJ 20467 3543 2 , , , 20467 3543 3 Tuckerman Tuckerman NNP 20467 3543 4 . . . 20467 3544 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3544 2 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3544 3 birch birch NN 20467 3544 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3544 5 68 68 CD 20467 3544 6 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3544 7 , , , 20467 3544 8 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3544 9 . . . 20467 3545 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3545 2 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3545 3 , , , 20467 3545 4 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3545 5 , , , 20467 3545 6 Oldfield Oldfield NNP 20467 3545 7 , , , 20467 3545 8 Poverty Poverty NNP 20467 3545 9 , , , 20467 3545 10 Small small JJ 20467 3545 11 white white JJ 20467 3545 12 birch birch NN 20467 3545 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3545 14 66 66 CD 20467 3545 15 - - HYPH 20467 3545 16 68 68 CD 20467 3545 17 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3545 18 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3545 19 , , , 20467 3545 20 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3545 21 . . . 20467 3546 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3546 2 Hornbeam Hornbeam NNP 20467 3546 3 , , , 20467 3546 4 Blue Blue NNP 20467 3546 5 beech beech NN 20467 3546 6 , , , 20467 3546 7 Ironwood Ironwood NNP 20467 3546 8 , , , 20467 3546 9 Water Water NNP 20467 3546 10 beech beech NN 20467 3546 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3546 12 59 59 CD 20467 3546 13 , , , 20467 3546 14 60 60 CD 20467 3546 15 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 3546 16 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 3546 17 , , , 20467 3546 18 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3546 19 . . . 20467 3547 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3547 2 Hop Hop NNP 20467 3547 3 hornbeam hornbeam NN 20467 3547 4 , , , 20467 3547 5 Ironwood Ironwood NNP 20467 3547 6 , , , 20467 3547 7 Leverwood Leverwood NNP 20467 3547 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3547 9 57 57 CD 20467 3547 10 , , , 20467 3547 11 58 58 CD 20467 3547 12 Birch Birch NNP 20467 3547 13 family family NN 20467 3547 14 . . . 20467 3548 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3548 2 = = NFP 20467 3548 3 Betulaceæ= betulaceæ= NN 20467 3548 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3548 5 57 57 CD 20467 3548 6 - - SYM 20467 3548 7 70 70 CD 20467 3548 8 Birch Birch NNP 20467 3548 9 . . . 20467 3549 1 Black Black NNP 20467 3549 2 , , , 20467 3549 3 Cherry Cherry NNP 20467 3549 4 , , , 20467 3549 5 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3549 6 birch birch NN 20467 3549 7 . . . 20467 3550 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3550 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3550 3 lenta lenta NNP 20467 3550 4 , , , 20467 3550 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3550 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3550 7 61 61 CD 20467 3550 8 , , , 20467 3550 9 62 62 CD 20467 3550 10 Canoe Canoe NNP 20467 3550 11 , , , 20467 3550 12 White White NNP 20467 3550 13 , , , 20467 3550 14 Paper Paper NNP 20467 3550 15 birch birch NNP 20467 3550 16 . . . 20467 3551 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3551 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3551 3 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3551 4 , , , 20467 3551 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3551 6 . . . 20467 3551 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3552 1 68 68 CD 20467 3552 2 - - SYM 20467 3552 3 70 70 CD 20467 3552 4 Red Red NNP 20467 3552 5 , , , 20467 3552 6 River River NNP 20467 3552 7 birch birch NN 20467 3552 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3552 9 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3552 10 nigra nigra NN 20467 3552 11 , , , 20467 3552 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3552 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3552 14 65 65 CD 20467 3552 15 , , , 20467 3552 16 66 66 CD 20467 3552 17 White White NNP 20467 3552 18 , , , 20467 3552 19 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3552 20 , , , 20467 3552 21 Oldfield Oldfield NNP 20467 3552 22 , , , 20467 3552 23 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3552 24 , , , 20467 3552 25 Poverty Poverty NNP 20467 3552 26 , , , 20467 3552 27 Small small JJ 20467 3552 28 white white JJ 20467 3552 29 birch birch NN 20467 3552 30 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3552 31 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3552 32 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3552 33 , , , 20467 3552 34 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3552 35 . . . 20467 3552 36 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3553 1 66 66 CD 20467 3553 2 - - SYM 20467 3553 3 68 68 CD 20467 3553 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3553 5 , , , 20467 3553 6 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3553 7 birch birch NN 20467 3553 8 . . . 20467 3554 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3554 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3554 3 lutea lutea JJ 20467 3554 4 , , , 20467 3554 5 Michx michx UH 20467 3554 6 . . . 20467 3555 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3555 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3555 3 63 63 CD 20467 3555 4 , , , 20467 3555 5 64 64 CD 20467 3555 6 Bird bird NN 20467 3555 7 cherry cherry NN 20467 3555 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3555 9 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3555 10 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3555 11 , , , 20467 3555 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3555 13 f. f. NNP 20467 3555 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3555 15 124 124 CD 20467 3555 16 , , , 20467 3555 17 125 125 CD 20467 3555 18 Bitternut Bitternut NNP 20467 3555 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3555 20 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3555 21 amara amara NN 20467 3555 22 , , , 20467 3555 23 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3555 24 . . . 20467 3555 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3556 1 55 55 CD 20467 3556 2 - - SYM 20467 3556 3 57 57 CD 20467 3556 4 Black black JJ 20467 3556 5 ash ash NN 20467 3556 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3556 7 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3556 8 nigra nigra NN 20467 3556 9 , , , 20467 3556 10 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3556 11 . . . 20467 3556 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3557 1 167 167 CD 20467 3557 2 , , , 20467 3557 3 168 168 CD 20467 3557 4 birch birch NN 20467 3557 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3557 6 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3557 7 lenta lenta NNP 20467 3557 8 , , , 20467 3557 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3557 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3557 11 61 61 CD 20467 3557 12 , , , 20467 3557 13 62 62 CD 20467 3557 14 cherry cherry NN 20467 3557 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3557 16 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3557 17 serotina serotina NNP 20467 3557 18 , , , 20467 3557 19 Ehrh Ehrh NNP 20467 3557 20 . . . 20467 3557 21 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3558 1 127 127 CD 20467 3558 2 , , , 20467 3558 3 128 128 CD 20467 3558 4 maple maple NN 20467 3558 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3558 6 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3558 7 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3558 8 , , , 20467 3558 9 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3558 10 . . . 20467 3558 11 , , , 20467 3558 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3558 13 var var NNP 20467 3558 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3558 15 . . . 20467 3559 1 nigrum nigrum NNP 20467 3559 2 , , , 20467 3559 3 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3559 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3559 5 146 146 CD 20467 3559 6 , , , 20467 3559 7 147 147 CD 20467 3559 8 , , , 20467 3559 9 172 172 CD 20467 3559 10 oak oak NN 20467 3559 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3559 12 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3559 13 velutina velutina NN 20467 3559 14 , , , 20467 3559 15 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3559 16 . . . 20467 3559 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3560 1 89 89 CD 20467 3560 2 - - SYM 20467 3560 3 91 91 CD 20467 3560 4 spruce spruce NN 20467 3560 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3560 6 Picea picea JJ 20467 3560 7 nigra nigra NN 20467 3560 8 , , , 20467 3560 9 Link Link NNP 20467 3560 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3560 11 12 12 CD 20467 3560 12 - - SYM 20467 3560 13 14 14 CD 20467 3560 14 walnut walnut NN 20467 3560 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3560 16 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 3560 17 nigra nigra NN 20467 3560 18 , , , 20467 3560 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3560 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3560 21 48 48 CD 20467 3560 22 , , , 20467 3560 23 49 49 CD 20467 3560 24 willow willow NN 20467 3560 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3560 26 Salix salix NN 20467 3560 27 nigra nigra NN 20467 3560 28 , , , 20467 3560 29 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3560 30 . . . 20467 3560 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3561 1 42 42 CD 20467 3561 2 , , , 20467 3561 3 43 43 CD 20467 3561 4 Blue blue JJ 20467 3561 5 beech beech NN 20467 3561 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3561 7 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3561 8 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3561 9 , , , 20467 3561 10 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3561 11 . . . 20467 3561 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3562 1 59 59 CD 20467 3562 2 , , , 20467 3562 3 60 60 CD 20467 3562 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3562 5 elder elder NN 20467 3562 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3562 7 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3562 8 negundo negundo NNP 20467 3562 9 , , , 20467 3562 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3562 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3562 12 151 151 CD 20467 3562 13 - - HYPH 20467 3562 14 153 153 CD 20467 3562 15 white white NNP 20467 3562 16 oak oak NN 20467 3562 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3562 18 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3562 19 stellata stellata NN 20467 3562 20 , , , 20467 3562 21 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3562 22 . . . 20467 3562 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3563 1 77 77 CD 20467 3563 2 , , , 20467 3563 3 78 78 CD 20467 3563 4 Boxwood Boxwood NNP 20467 3563 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3563 6 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3563 7 florida florida NNP 20467 3563 8 , , , 20467 3563 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3563 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3563 11 156 156 CD 20467 3563 12 , , , 20467 3563 13 157 157 CD 20467 3563 14 Braintree Braintree NNP 20467 3563 15 , , , 20467 3563 16 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 3564 1 Fine fine JJ 20467 3564 2 specimen speciman NNS 20467 3564 3 of of IN 20467 3564 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3564 5 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 3564 6 opaca opaca NN 20467 3564 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3564 8 on on IN 20467 3564 9 farm farm NN 20467 3564 10 of of IN 20467 3564 11 Col Col NNP 20467 3564 12 . . NNP 20467 3564 13 Minot Minot NNP 20467 3564 14 Thayer Thayer NNP 20467 3564 15 139 139 CD 20467 3564 16 Brittle Brittle NNP 20467 3564 17 willow willow NN 20467 3564 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3564 19 Salix salix NN 20467 3564 20 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 3564 21 , , , 20467 3564 22 L. L. NNP 20467 3564 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3564 24 43 43 CD 20467 3564 25 - - SYM 20467 3564 26 45 45 CD 20467 3564 27 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3564 28 ash ash NN 20467 3564 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3564 30 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3564 31 nigra nigra NN 20467 3564 32 , , , 20467 3564 33 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3564 34 . . . 20467 3564 35 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3565 1 167 167 CD 20467 3565 2 , , , 20467 3565 3 168 168 CD 20467 3565 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3565 5 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3565 6 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3565 7 , , , 20467 3565 8 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3565 9 . . . 20467 3565 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3566 1 164 164 CD 20467 3566 2 , , , 20467 3566 3 165 165 CD 20467 3566 4 Bur bur JJ 20467 3566 5 oak oak NN 20467 3566 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3566 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3566 8 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 20467 3566 9 , , , 20467 3566 10 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3566 11 . . . 20467 3566 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3567 1 79 79 CD 20467 3567 2 , , , 20467 3567 3 80 80 CD 20467 3567 4 Butternut Butternut NNP 20467 3567 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3567 6 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 3567 7 cinerea cinerea NNP 20467 3567 8 , , , 20467 3567 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3567 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3567 11 46 46 CD 20467 3567 12 , , , 20467 3567 13 47 47 CD 20467 3567 14 Buttonball Buttonball NNP 20467 3567 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3567 16 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 3567 17 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3567 18 , , , 20467 3567 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3567 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3567 21 110 110 CD 20467 3567 22 , , , 20467 3567 23 111 111 CD 20467 3567 24 Buttonwood Buttonwood NNP 20467 3567 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3567 26 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 3567 27 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3567 28 , , , 20467 3567 29 L. L. NNP 20467 3567 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3567 31 110 110 CD 20467 3567 32 , , , 20467 3567 33 111 111 CD 20467 3567 34 C C NNP 20467 3567 35 Canada Canada NNP 20467 3567 36 plum plum NN 20467 3567 37 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3567 38 Primus Primus NNP 20467 3567 39 nigra nigra NNP 20467 3567 40 . . . 20467 3568 1 Ait ait RB 20467 3568 2 . . . 20467 3569 1 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3569 2 , , , 20467 3569 3 122 122 CD 20467 3569 4 , , , 20467 3569 5 123 123 CD 20467 3569 6 Canoe Canoe NNP 20467 3569 7 birch birch NN 20467 3569 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3569 9 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3569 10 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3569 11 , , , 20467 3569 12 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3569 13 . . . 20467 3570 1 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3570 2 , , , 20467 3570 3 68 68 CD 20467 3570 4 - - SYM 20467 3570 5 70 70 CD 20467 3570 6 = = SYM 20467 3570 7 Caprifoliaceæ.= Caprifoliaceæ.= NNS 20467 3570 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3570 9 Honeysuckle Honeysuckle NNP 20467 3570 10 family family NN 20467 3570 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3570 12 168 168 CD 20467 3570 13 , , , 20467 3570 14 169 169 CD 20467 3570 15 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 3570 16 Lentas Lentas NNP 20467 3570 17 L. L. NNP 20467 3570 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3570 19 Sheep Sheep NNP 20467 3570 20 berry berry NN 20467 3570 21 sweet sweet JJ 20467 3570 22 viburnum viburnum NNP 20467 3570 23 . . . 20467 3571 1 Nanny Nanny NNP 20467 3571 2 plum plum NN 20467 3571 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3571 4 168 168 CD 20467 3571 5 , , , 20467 3571 6 169 169 CD 20467 3571 7 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3571 8 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3571 9 , , , 20467 3571 10 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3571 11 . . . 20467 3572 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3572 2 Hornbeam Hornbeam NNP 20467 3572 3 . . . 20467 3573 1 Blue blue JJ 20467 3573 2 beech beech NN 20467 3573 3 . . . 20467 3574 1 Ironwood Ironwood NNP 20467 3574 2 . . . 20467 3575 1 Water water NN 20467 3575 2 beech beech NN 20467 3575 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3575 4 59,60 59,60 CD 20467 3575 5 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3575 6 alba alba NNS 20467 3575 7 , , , 20467 3575 8 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3575 9 . . . 20467 3576 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3576 2 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3576 3 , , , 20467 3576 4 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 20467 3576 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3576 6 , , , 20467 3576 7 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3576 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3576 9 49 49 CD 20467 3576 10 - - SYM 20467 3576 11 51 51 CD 20467 3576 12 amara amara NN 20467 3576 13 , , , 20467 3576 14 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3576 15 . . . 20467 3577 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3577 2 Bitter Bitter NNP 20467 3577 3 nut nut NNP 20467 3577 4 . . . 20467 3578 1 Swamp swamp NN 20467 3578 2 hickory hickory NN 20467 3578 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3578 4 55 55 CD 20467 3578 5 - - SYM 20467 3578 6 57 57 CD 20467 3578 7 porcina porcina NN 20467 3578 8 , , , 20467 3578 9 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3578 10 . . . 20467 3579 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3579 2 Pignut Pignut NNP 20467 3579 3 . . . 20467 3580 1 White white JJ 20467 3580 2 hickory hickory NN 20467 3580 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3580 4 53 53 CD 20467 3580 5 - - SYM 20467 3580 6 55 55 CD 20467 3580 7 tomentosa tomentosa NNS 20467 3580 8 , , , 20467 3580 9 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3580 10 . . . 20467 3581 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3581 2 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3581 3 . . . 20467 3582 1 White white JJ 20467 3582 2 - - HYPH 20467 3582 3 heart heart NN 20467 3582 4 hickory hickory NN 20467 3582 5 . . . 20467 3583 1 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3583 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3583 3 51 51 CD 20467 3583 4 - - SYM 20467 3583 5 53 53 CD 20467 3583 6 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 3583 7 dentata dentata NN 20467 3583 8 . . . 20467 3584 1 Borkh Borkh NNP 20467 3584 2 . . . 20467 3585 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3585 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3585 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3585 4 72 72 CD 20467 3585 5 - - SYM 20467 3585 6 74 74 CD 20467 3585 7 sativa sativa NN 20467 3585 8 , , , 20467 3585 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3585 10 var var NN 20467 3585 11 . . . 20467 3585 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3585 13 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3585 14 , , , 20467 3585 15 Watson Watson NNP 20467 3585 16 & & CC 20467 3585 17 Coulter Coulter NNP 20467 3585 18 . . . 20467 3586 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3586 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3586 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3586 4 72 72 CD 20467 3586 5 - - SYM 20467 3586 6 74 74 CD 20467 3586 7 vesca vesca NN 20467 3586 8 , , , 20467 3586 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3586 10 var var NN 20467 3586 11 . . . 20467 3586 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3586 13 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3586 14 , , , 20467 3586 15 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3586 16 . . . 20467 3587 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3587 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3587 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3587 4 72 72 CD 20467 3587 5 - - SYM 20467 3587 6 74 74 CD 20467 3587 7 Cat Cat NNP 20467 3587 8 spruce spruce NN 20467 3587 9 . . . 20467 3588 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3588 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3588 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3588 4 , , , 20467 3588 5 Link Link NNP 20467 3588 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3588 7 16 16 CD 20467 3588 8 - - SYM 20467 3588 9 18 18 CD 20467 3588 10 Cedar Cedar NNP 20467 3588 11 , , , 20467 3588 12 Arbor Arbor NNP 20467 3588 13 vitæ vitæ NN 20467 3588 14 . . . 20467 3589 1 White white JJ 20467 3589 2 cedar cedar NN 20467 3589 3 . . . 20467 3590 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3590 2 Thuja thuja JJ 20467 3590 3 occidentals occidental NNS 20467 3590 4 , , , 20467 3590 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3590 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3590 7 23,24 23,24 CD 20467 3590 8 Red red JJ 20467 3590 9 cedar cedar NN 20467 3590 10 . . . 20467 3591 1 Savin Savin VBN 20467 3591 2 . . . 20467 3592 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3592 2 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 3592 3 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3592 4 . . . 20467 3593 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3593 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3593 3 26 26 CD 20467 3593 4 - - HYPH 20467 3593 5 28 28 CD 20467 3593 6 White white JJ 20467 3593 7 cedar cedar NN 20467 3593 8 . . . 20467 3594 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3594 2 Chamæcyparis Chamæcyparis NNP 20467 3594 3 sphæroidea sphæroidea NN 20467 3594 4 , , , 20467 3594 5 Spach Spach NNP 20467 3594 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3594 7 25,26 25,26 CD 20467 3594 8 Celtis celtis JJ 20467 3594 9 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3594 10 . . . 20467 3595 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3595 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3595 3 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 20467 3595 4 , , , 20467 3595 5 Nettle Nettle NNP 20467 3595 6 tree tree NN 20467 3595 7 , , , 20467 3595 8 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3595 9 ash ash NN 20467 3595 10 , , , 20467 3595 11 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3595 12 berry berry NN 20467 3595 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3595 14 100 100 CD 20467 3595 15 - - SYM 20467 3595 16 102 102 CD 20467 3595 17 Chamæcyparis Chamæcyparis NNP 20467 3595 18 sphæroidea sphæroidea NN 20467 3595 19 . . . 20467 3596 1 Spach Spach NNP 20467 3596 2 . . . 20467 3597 1 White white JJ 20467 3597 2 cedar cedar NN 20467 3597 3 25,26 25,26 CD 20467 3597 4 Cherry Cherry NNP 20467 3597 5 . . . 20467 3598 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3598 2 Primus Primus NNP 20467 3598 3 Avium Avium NNP 20467 3598 4 , , , 20467 3598 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3598 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3598 7 128 128 CD 20467 3598 8 Chokecherry Chokecherry NNP 20467 3598 9 . . . 20467 3599 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3599 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3599 3 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3599 4 , , , 20467 3599 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3599 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3599 7 125,126 125,126 CD 20467 3599 8 Rum Rum NNP 20467 3599 9 , , , 20467 3599 10 Black black JJ 20467 3599 11 cherry cherry NN 20467 3599 12 . . . 20467 3600 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3600 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3600 3 serotina serotina NNP 20467 3600 4 , , , 20467 3600 5 Ehrh Ehrh NNP 20467 3600 6 . . . 20467 3600 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3601 1 127,128 127,128 CD 20467 3601 2 Wild wild JJ 20467 3601 3 red red NN 20467 3601 4 , , , 20467 3601 5 Pin Pin NNP 20467 3601 6 , , , 20467 3601 7 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 20467 3601 8 , , , 20467 3601 9 Bird Bird NNP 20467 3601 10 cherry cherry NN 20467 3601 11 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3601 12 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 3601 13 , , , 20467 3601 14 L. L. NNP 20467 3601 15 f. f. NNP 20467 3601 16 124,125 124,125 CD 20467 3601 17 Cherry Cherry NNP 20467 3601 18 birch birch NN 20467 3601 19 . . . 20467 3602 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3602 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3602 3 lenta lenta NNP 20467 3602 4 , , , 20467 3602 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3602 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3602 7 61,62 61,62 CD 20467 3602 8 Chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3602 9 . . . 20467 3603 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3603 2 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 3603 3 sativa sativa NN 20467 3603 4 , , , 20467 3603 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3603 6 var var NNP 20467 3603 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3603 8 . . . 20467 3604 1 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3604 2 , , , 20467 3604 3 Watson Watson NNP 20467 3604 4 & & CC 20467 3604 5 Coulter Coulter NNP 20467 3604 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3604 7 72 72 CD 20467 3604 8 - - SYM 20467 3604 9 74 74 CD 20467 3604 10 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3604 11 oak oak NN 20467 3604 12 . . . 20467 3605 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3605 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3605 3 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 3605 4 , , , 20467 3605 5 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 3605 6 . . . 20467 3605 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3606 1 84,85 84,85 CD 20467 3606 2 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3606 3 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3606 4 prinus prinus NN 20467 3606 5 , , , 20467 3606 6 L. L. NNP 20467 3606 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3606 8 82 82 CD 20467 3606 9 - - SYM 20467 3606 10 84 84 CD 20467 3606 11 Chinese chinese JJ 20467 3606 12 sumac sumac NN 20467 3606 13 . . . 20467 3607 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3607 2 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3607 3 glandulosus glandulosus NN 20467 3607 4 , , , 20467 3607 5 Desf Desf NNP 20467 3607 6 . . . 20467 3607 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3608 1 133 133 CD 20467 3608 2 Chokecherry Chokecherry NNP 20467 3608 3 . . . 20467 3609 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3609 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3609 3 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3609 4 , , , 20467 3609 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3609 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3609 7 125,126 125,126 CD 20467 3609 8 Clammy clammy JJ 20467 3609 9 locust locust NN 20467 3609 10 . . . 20467 3610 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3610 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3610 3 viscosa viscosa NNS 20467 3610 4 , , , 20467 3610 5 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3610 6 . . . 20467 3610 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3611 1 132 132 CD 20467 3611 2 Cockspur Cockspur NNP 20467 3611 3 thorn thorn NN 20467 3611 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3611 5 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3611 6 Crus Crus NNP 20467 3611 7 - - HYPH 20467 3611 8 Galli Galli NNP 20467 3611 9 , , , 20467 3611 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3611 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3611 12 117 117 CD 20467 3611 13 , , , 20467 3611 14 118 118 CD 20467 3611 15 , , , 20467 3611 16 171 171 CD 20467 3611 17 Conifer Conifer NNP 20467 3611 18 family family NN 20467 3611 19 , , , 20467 3611 20 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3611 21 = = SYM 20467 3611 22 Pinoideæ= pinoideæ= FW 20467 3611 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3611 24 1 1 CD 20467 3611 25 - - SYM 20467 3611 26 28 28 CD 20467 3611 27 Cork Cork NNP 20467 3611 28 elm elm NN 20467 3611 29 . . . 20467 3612 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3612 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3612 3 racemosa racemosa NNP 20467 3612 4 , , , 20467 3612 5 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 3612 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3612 7 99,100 99,100 CD 20467 3612 8 = = SYM 20467 3612 9 Cornaceæ.= Cornaceæ.= NNS 20467 3612 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3612 11 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3612 12 family family NN 20467 3612 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3612 14 150 150 CD 20467 3612 15 - - SYM 20467 3612 16 160 160 CD 20467 3612 17 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3612 18 alternifolia alternifolia NNS 20467 3612 19 , , , 20467 3612 20 L L NNP 20467 3612 21 , , , 20467 3612 22 f. f. NNP 20467 3612 23 _ _ NNP 20467 3612 24 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3612 25 , , , 20467 3612 26 Green Green NNP 20467 3612 27 osier osier NN 20467 3612 28 _ _ NNP 20467 3612 29 157 157 CD 20467 3612 30 , , , 20467 3612 31 158 158 CD 20467 3612 32 florida florida NNP 20467 3612 33 , , , 20467 3612 34 L L NNP 20467 3612 35 _ _ NNP 20467 3612 36 Flowering Flowering NNP 20467 3612 37 dogwood dogwood NN 20467 3612 38 , , , 20467 3612 39 Boxwood Boxwood NNP 20467 3612 40 _ _ NNP 20467 3612 41 156 156 CD 20467 3612 42 , , , 20467 3612 43 157 157 CD 20467 3612 44 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3612 45 sylvatica sylvatica NN 20467 3612 46 . . . 20467 3613 1 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3613 2 . . . 20467 3614 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3614 2 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 20467 3614 3 , , , 20467 3614 4 Sour Sour NNP 20467 3614 5 gum gum NN 20467 3614 6 , , , 20467 3614 7 Pepperidge Pepperidge NNP 20467 3614 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3614 9 159 159 CD 20467 3614 10 , , , 20467 3614 11 160 160 CD 20467 3614 12 Cottonwood cottonwood NN 20467 3614 13 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3614 14 Populus populus JJ 20467 3614 15 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 3614 16 , , , 20467 3614 17 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3614 18 . . . 20467 3614 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3615 1 34 34 CD 20467 3615 2 , , , 20467 3615 3 35 35 CD 20467 3615 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3615 5 Populus populus JJ 20467 3615 6 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3615 7 . . . 20467 3616 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3616 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3616 3 33 33 CD 20467 3616 4 , , , 20467 3616 5 34 34 CD 20467 3616 6 Crack crack NN 20467 3616 7 willow willow NN 20467 3616 8 . . . 20467 3617 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3617 2 Salix salix NN 20467 3617 3 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 3617 4 , , , 20467 3617 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3617 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3617 7 43 43 CD 20467 3617 8 - - SYM 20467 3617 9 45 45 CD 20467 3617 10 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3617 11 Arnoldiana Arnoldiana NNP 20467 3617 12 , , , 20467 3617 13 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3617 14 . . . 20467 3618 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 2 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3618 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 4 121 121 CD 20467 3618 5 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3618 6 , , , 20467 3618 7 L. L. NNP 20467 3618 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 9 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3618 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 11 118 118 CD 20467 3618 12 , , , 20467 3618 13 119 119 CD 20467 3618 14 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3618 15 , , , 20467 3618 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 17 var var NN 20467 3618 18 . . . 20467 3618 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 20 mollis mollis NNP 20467 3618 21 , , , 20467 3618 22 T. T. NNP 20467 3618 23 & & CC 20467 3618 24 G. G. NNP 20467 3618 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 26 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3618 27 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 28 , , , 20467 3618 29 120 120 CD 20467 3618 30 , , , 20467 3618 31 121 121 CD 20467 3618 32 Crus Crus NNP 20467 3618 33 - - HYPH 20467 3618 34 Galli Galli NNP 20467 3618 35 , , , 20467 3618 36 L. L. NNP 20467 3618 37 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 38 Cockspur Cockspur NNP 20467 3618 39 thorn thorn NN 20467 3618 40 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 41 117 117 CD 20467 3618 42 , , , 20467 3618 43 118 118 CD 20467 3618 44 , , , 20467 3618 45 171 171 CD 20467 3618 46 mollis mollis NNPS 20467 3618 47 , , , 20467 3618 48 Scheele Scheele NNP 20467 3618 49 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 50 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3618 51 _ _ NNP 20467 3618 52 120 120 CD 20467 3618 53 , , , 20467 3618 54 121 121 CD 20467 3618 55 punctata punctata NNS 20467 3618 56 , , , 20467 3618 57 Jacq Jacq NNP 20467 3618 58 . . . 20467 3619 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3619 2 Cockspur Cockspur NNP 20467 3619 3 thorn thorn NN 20467 3619 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3619 5 118 118 CD 20467 3619 6 submollis submolli NNS 20467 3619 7 , , , 20467 3619 8 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3619 9 . . . 20467 3620 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3620 2 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3620 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3620 4 121 121 CD 20467 3620 5 subvillosa subvillosa NN 20467 3620 6 , , , 20467 3620 7 Schr Schr NNP 20467 3620 8 . . . 20467 3621 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3621 2 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3621 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3621 4 120 120 CD 20467 3621 5 , , , 20467 3621 6 121 121 CD 20467 3621 7 = = SYM 20467 3621 8 Cupressaceæ.= Cupressaceæ.= NNP 20467 3621 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3621 10 Pinoideæ Pinoideæ NNP 20467 3621 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3621 12 23 23 CD 20467 3621 13 - - HYPH 20467 3621 14 28 28 CD 20467 3621 15 Cupressus Cupressus NNP 20467 3621 16 25 25 CD 20467 3621 17 , , , 20467 3621 18 26 26 CD 20467 3621 19 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 3621 20 26 26 CD 20467 3621 21 - - SYM 20467 3621 22 28 28 CD 20467 3621 23 Thuja Thuja NNP 20467 3621 24 23 23 CD 20467 3621 25 , , , 20467 3621 26 24 24 CD 20467 3621 27 Cupressus Cupressus NNP 20467 3621 28 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 3621 29 , , , 20467 3621 30 L. L. NNP 20467 3621 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3621 32 White White NNP 20467 3621 33 cedar cedar NN 20467 3621 34 _ _ NNP 20467 3621 35 25 25 CD 20467 3621 36 , , , 20467 3621 37 26 26 CD 20467 3621 38 D D NNP 20467 3621 39 Diospyros Diospyros NNP 20467 3621 40 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3621 41 , , , 20467 3621 42 L. L. NNP 20467 3621 43 _ _ NNP 20467 3621 44 Persimmon Persimmon NNP 20467 3621 45 _ _ NNP 20467 3621 46 160 160 CD 20467 3621 47 - - SYM 20467 3621 48 162 162 CD 20467 3621 49 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3621 50 family family NN 20467 3621 51 . . . 20467 3622 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3622 2 = = SYM 20467 3622 3 Cornaceæ= cornaceæ= NN 20467 3622 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3622 5 156 156 CD 20467 3622 6 - - SYM 20467 3622 7 160 160 CD 20467 3622 8 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3622 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3622 10 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3622 11 vernix vernix NNP 20467 3622 12 , , , 20467 3622 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3622 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3622 15 136 136 CD 20467 3622 16 , , , 20467 3622 17 137 137 CD 20467 3622 18 Flowering flower VBG 20467 3622 19 dogwood dogwood NN 20467 3622 20 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3622 21 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3622 22 florida florida NNP 20467 3622 23 , , , 20467 3622 24 L. L. NNP 20467 3622 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3622 26 156 156 CD 20467 3622 27 , , , 20467 3622 28 157 157 CD 20467 3622 29 Green green JJ 20467 3622 30 osier osier NN 20467 3622 31 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3622 32 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3622 33 alternifolia alternifolia NNP 20467 3622 34 , , , 20467 3622 35 L. L. NNP 20467 3622 36 f. f. NNP 20467 3622 37 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3622 38 157 157 CD 20467 3622 39 , , , 20467 3622 40 158 158 CD 20467 3622 41 Double double JJ 20467 3622 42 spruce spruce NN 20467 3622 43 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3622 44 Picea picea JJ 20467 3622 45 nigra nigra NN 20467 3622 46 , , , 20467 3622 47 Link Link NNP 20467 3622 48 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3622 49 12 12 CD 20467 3622 50 - - SYM 20467 3622 51 14 14 CD 20467 3622 52 = = SYM 20467 3622 53 Drupaceæ.= Drupaceæ.= NNS 20467 3622 54 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3622 55 Plum Plum NNP 20467 3622 56 family family NN 20467 3622 57 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3622 58 122 122 CD 20467 3622 59 - - SYM 20467 3622 60 128 128 CD 20467 3622 61 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3622 62 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 3622 63 , , , 20467 3622 64 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3622 65 . . . 20467 3623 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3623 2 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3623 3 plum plum NN 20467 3623 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3623 5 123 123 CD 20467 3623 6 , , , 20467 3623 7 124 124 CD 20467 3623 8 , , , 20467 3623 9 171 171 CD 20467 3623 10 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3623 11 , , , 20467 3623 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3623 13 var var NN 20467 3623 14 . . . 20467 3623 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3623 16 nigra nigra RB 20467 3623 17 , , , 20467 3623 18 Waugh Waugh NNP 20467 3623 19 . . . 20467 3624 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3624 2 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3624 3 , , , 20467 3624 4 Red Red NNP 20467 3624 5 , , , 20467 3624 6 Horse Horse NNP 20467 3624 7 , , , 20467 3624 8 Canada Canada NNP 20467 3624 9 plum plum NN 20467 3624 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3624 11 122 122 CD 20467 3624 12 , , , 20467 3624 13 123 123 CD 20467 3624 14 Avium Avium NNP 20467 3624 15 , , , 20467 3624 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3624 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3624 18 Mazard Mazard NNP 20467 3624 19 cherry cherry NN 20467 3624 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3624 21 128 128 CD 20467 3624 22 nigra nigra NN 20467 3624 23 , , , 20467 3624 24 Ait ait RB 20467 3624 25 . . . 20467 3625 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3625 2 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3625 3 , , , 20467 3625 4 Red Red NNP 20467 3625 5 , , , 20467 3625 6 Horse Horse NNP 20467 3625 7 , , , 20467 3625 8 Canada Canada NNP 20467 3625 9 plum plum NN 20467 3625 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3625 11 122 122 CD 20467 3625 12 , , , 20467 3625 13 123 123 CD 20467 3625 14 , , , 20467 3625 15 171 171 CD 20467 3625 16 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3625 17 , , , 20467 3625 18 L. L. NNP 20467 3625 19 f. f. NNP 20467 3625 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3625 21 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3625 22 red red NN 20467 3625 23 , , , 20467 3625 24 Pin Pin NNP 20467 3625 25 , , , 20467 3625 26 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 20467 3625 27 , , , 20467 3625 28 Bird Bird NNP 20467 3625 29 cherry cherry NN 20467 3625 30 _ _ NNP 20467 3625 31 124 124 CD 20467 3625 32 , , , 20467 3625 33 125 125 CD 20467 3625 34 serotina serotina NN 20467 3625 35 , , , 20467 3625 36 Ehrh ehrh NN 20467 3625 37 . . . 20467 3626 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3626 2 Rum Rum NNP 20467 3626 3 , , , 20467 3626 4 Black Black NNP 20467 3626 5 cherry cherry NN 20467 3626 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3626 7 127 127 CD 20467 3626 8 , , , 20467 3626 9 128 128 CD 20467 3626 10 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3626 11 , , , 20467 3626 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3626 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3626 14 Chokecherry Chokecherry NNP 20467 3626 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3626 16 125 125 CD 20467 3626 17 , , , 20467 3626 18 126 126 CD 20467 3626 19 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3626 20 birch birch NN 20467 3626 21 . . . 20467 3627 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3627 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3627 3 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3627 4 , , , 20467 3627 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3627 6 var var NN 20467 3627 7 . . . 20467 3627 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3627 9 minor minor JJ 20467 3627 10 , , , 20467 3627 11 Tuckerman Tuckerman NNP 20467 3627 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3627 13 68 68 CD 20467 3627 14 black black JJ 20467 3627 15 spruce spruce NN 20467 3627 16 . . . 20467 3628 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3628 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3628 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3628 4 , , , 20467 3628 5 var var NN 20467 3628 6 . . . 20467 3629 1 semiprostrata semiprostrata NNP 20467 3629 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3629 3 12 12 CD 20467 3629 4 sumac sumac NN 20467 3629 5 . . . 20467 3630 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3630 2 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3630 3 copallina copallina NNP 20467 3630 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3630 5 137 137 CD 20467 3630 6 E e NN 20467 3630 7 = = SYM 20467 3630 8 Ebenaceæ.= Ebenaceæ.= NNS 20467 3630 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3630 10 Ebony ebony NN 20467 3630 11 family family NN 20467 3630 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3630 13 160 160 CD 20467 3630 14 - - SYM 20467 3630 15 162 162 CD 20467 3630 16 Diospyros Diospyros NNP 20467 3630 17 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3630 18 , , , 20467 3630 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3630 20 Persimmon Persimmon NNP 20467 3630 21 160 160 CD 20467 3630 22 - - SYM 20467 3630 23 162 162 CD 20467 3630 24 Ebony Ebony NNP 20467 3630 25 family family NN 20467 3630 26 . . . 20467 3631 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3631 2 = = NFP 20467 3631 3 Ebenaceæ= ebenaceæ= NN 20467 3631 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3631 5 160 160 CD 20467 3631 6 - - SYM 20467 3631 7 162 162 CD 20467 3631 8 Elder eld JJR 20467 3631 9 , , , 20467 3631 10 Poison poison NN 20467 3631 11 elder elder NN 20467 3631 12 . . . 20467 3632 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3632 2 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3632 3 vernix vernix NNP 20467 3632 4 , , , 20467 3632 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3632 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3632 7 136 136 CD 20467 3632 8 , , , 20467 3632 9 137 137 CD 20467 3632 10 Elm Elm NNP 20467 3632 11 family family NN 20467 3632 12 . . . 20467 3633 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3633 2 = = SYM 20467 3633 3 Ulmaceæ= Ulmaceæ= NNP 20467 3633 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3633 5 95 95 CD 20467 3633 6 - - SYM 20467 3633 7 102 102 CD 20467 3633 8 Elm Elm NNP 20467 3633 9 , , , 20467 3633 10 American American NNP 20467 3633 11 elm elm NNP 20467 3633 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3633 13 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3633 14 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3633 15 , , , 20467 3633 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3633 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3633 18 95 95 CD 20467 3633 19 - - HYPH 20467 3633 20 97 97 CD 20467 3633 21 Cork Cork NNP 20467 3633 22 , , , 20467 3633 23 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3633 24 elm elm NNP 20467 3633 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3633 26 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3633 27 racemosa racemosa NNP 20467 3633 28 . . . 20467 3634 1 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 3634 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3634 3 99 99 CD 20467 3634 4 , , , 20467 3634 5 100 100 CD 20467 3634 6 Slippery Slippery NNP 20467 3634 7 , , , 20467 3634 8 Red Red NNP 20467 3634 9 elm elm NN 20467 3634 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3634 11 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3634 12 fulva fulva NN 20467 3634 13 , , , 20467 3634 14 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3634 15 . . . 20467 3634 16 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3635 1 97 97 CD 20467 3635 2 , , , 20467 3635 3 98 98 CD 20467 3635 4 European european JJ 20467 3635 5 alder alder NN 20467 3635 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3635 7 Alnus Alnus NNP 20467 3635 8 glutinosa glutinosa NNS 20467 3635 9 . . . 20467 3636 1 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3636 2 . . . 20467 3636 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3637 1 70 70 CD 20467 3637 2 mountain mountain NN 20467 3637 3 ash ash NN 20467 3637 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3637 5 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3637 6 aucuparia aucuparia NNP 20467 3637 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3637 8 113 113 CD 20467 3637 9 - - SYM 20467 3637 10 115 115 CD 20467 3637 11 F F NNP 20467 3637 12 = = SYM 20467 3637 13 Fagaceæ.= Fagaceæ.= NNS 20467 3637 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3637 15 Beech Beech NNP 20467 3637 16 family family NN 20467 3637 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3637 18 70 70 CD 20467 3637 19 - - SYM 20467 3637 20 94 94 CD 20467 3637 21 Castanea Castanea NNP 20467 3637 22 dentata dentata NN 20467 3637 23 , , , 20467 3637 24 Borkh Borkh NNP 20467 3637 25 . . . 20467 3638 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3638 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 4 72 72 CD 20467 3638 5 - - SYM 20467 3638 6 74 74 CD 20467 3638 7 sativa sativa NN 20467 3638 8 , , , 20467 3638 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 10 var var NN 20467 3638 11 . . . 20467 3638 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 13 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3638 14 , , , 20467 3638 15 Watson Watson NNP 20467 3638 16 & & CC 20467 3638 17 Coulter Coulter NNP 20467 3638 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 19 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3638 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 21 72 72 CD 20467 3638 22 - - SYM 20467 3638 23 74 74 CD 20467 3638 24 vesca vesca NN 20467 3638 25 , , , 20467 3638 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 27 var var NN 20467 3638 28 . . . 20467 3638 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3638 30 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3638 31 , , , 20467 3638 32 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3638 33 . . . 20467 3639 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3639 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3639 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3639 4 72 72 CD 20467 3639 5 - - SYM 20467 3639 6 74 74 CD 20467 3639 7 Fagus Fagus NNP 20467 3639 8 Americana Americana NNS 20467 3639 9 , , , 20467 3639 10 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3639 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3639 12 Beech Beech NNP 20467 3639 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3639 14 70 70 CD 20467 3639 15 - - SYM 20467 3639 16 72 72 CD 20467 3639 17 atropunicea atropunicea NNP 20467 3639 18 , , , 20467 3639 19 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3639 20 . . . 20467 3640 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3640 2 Beech Beech NNP 20467 3640 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3640 4 70 70 CD 20467 3640 5 - - SYM 20467 3640 6 72 72 CD 20467 3640 7 ferruginea ferruginea NN 20467 3640 8 , , , 20467 3640 9 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3640 10 . . . 20467 3641 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3641 2 Beech Beech NNP 20467 3641 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3641 4 70 70 CD 20467 3641 5 - - SYM 20467 3641 6 72 72 CD 20467 3641 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3641 8 acuminata acuminata NN 20467 3641 9 , , , 20467 3641 10 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3641 11 . . . 20467 3642 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3642 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3642 3 oak oak NN 20467 3642 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3642 5 84 84 CD 20467 3642 6 , , , 20467 3642 7 85 85 CD 20467 3642 8 alba alba NNS 20467 3642 9 , , , 20467 3642 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3642 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3642 12 White White NNP 20467 3642 13 oak oak NN 20467 3642 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3642 15 75 75 CD 20467 3642 16 - - SYM 20467 3642 17 77 77 CD 20467 3642 18 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 3642 19 , , , 20467 3642 20 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3642 21 . . . 20467 3643 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3643 2 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3643 3 white white JJ 20467 3643 4 oak oak NN 20467 3643 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3643 6 80 80 CD 20467 3643 7 - - SYM 20467 3643 8 82 82 CD 20467 3643 9 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3643 10 , , , 20467 3643 11 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3643 12 . . . 20467 3644 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3644 2 Scarlet Scarlet NNP 20467 3644 3 oak oak NN 20467 3644 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3644 5 88 88 CD 20467 3644 6 , , , 20467 3644 7 89 89 CD 20467 3644 8 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3644 9 , , , 20467 3644 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3644 11 var var NN 20467 3644 12 . . . 20467 3644 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3644 14 tinctoria tinctoria NNP 20467 3644 15 , , , 20467 3644 16 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3644 17 . . . 20467 3645 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3645 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3645 3 , , , 20467 3645 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3645 5 oak oak NN 20467 3645 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3645 7 89 89 CD 20467 3645 8 - - SYM 20467 3645 9 91 91 CD 20467 3645 10 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 3645 11 , , , 20467 3645 12 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3645 13 . . . 20467 3646 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3646 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3646 3 , , , 20467 3646 4 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3646 5 oak oak NN 20467 3646 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3646 7 93 93 CD 20467 3646 8 , , , 20467 3646 9 94 94 CD 20467 3646 10 macrocarpa macrocarpa NN 20467 3646 11 , , , 20467 3646 12 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3646 13 . . . 20467 3647 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3647 2 Bur Bur NNP 20467 3647 3 , , , 20467 3647 4 Over Over NNP 20467 3647 5 - - HYPH 20467 3647 6 cup cup NNP 20467 3647 7 , , , 20467 3647 8 Mossy Mossy NNP 20467 3647 9 - - HYPH 20467 3647 10 cup cup NNP 20467 3647 11 oak oak NNP 20467 3647 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3647 13 79 79 CD 20467 3647 14 , , , 20467 3647 15 80 80 CD 20467 3647 16 minor minor NN 20467 3647 17 , , , 20467 3647 18 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3647 19 . . . 20467 3648 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3648 2 Post Post NNP 20467 3648 3 , , , 20467 3648 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3648 5 white white NNP 20467 3648 6 oak oak NNP 20467 3648 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3648 8 77 77 CD 20467 3648 9 - - SYM 20467 3648 10 78 78 CD 20467 3648 11 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 3648 12 , , , 20467 3648 13 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 3648 14 . . . 20467 3649 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3649 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3649 3 oak oak NN 20467 3649 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3649 5 84 84 CD 20467 3649 6 , , , 20467 3649 7 85 85 CD 20467 3649 8 nana nana NNS 20467 3649 9 , , , 20467 3649 10 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3649 11 . . . 20467 3650 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3650 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3650 3 oak oak NN 20467 3650 4 , , , 20467 3650 5 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3650 6 oak oak NN 20467 3650 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3650 8 93 93 CD 20467 3650 9 , , , 20467 3650 10 94 94 CD 20467 3650 11 obtusiloba obtusiloba NN 20467 3650 12 , , , 20467 3650 13 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3650 14 . . . 20467 3651 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3651 2 Post Post NNP 20467 3651 3 , , , 20467 3651 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3651 5 white white NNP 20467 3651 6 oak oak NNP 20467 3651 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3651 8 77 77 CD 20467 3651 9 , , , 20467 3651 10 78 78 CD 20467 3651 11 palustris palustris NN 20467 3651 12 , , , 20467 3651 13 Du Du NNP 20467 3651 14 Roi Roi NNP 20467 3651 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3651 16 Pin Pin NNP 20467 3651 17 , , , 20467 3651 18 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3651 19 , , , 20467 3651 20 Water Water NNP 20467 3651 21 oak oak NN 20467 3651 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3651 23 91 91 CD 20467 3651 24 - - HYPH 20467 3651 25 93 93 CD 20467 3651 26 platanoides platanoide NNS 20467 3651 27 , , , 20467 3651 28 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3651 29 . . . 20467 3652 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3652 2 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3652 3 white white JJ 20467 3652 4 oak oak NN 20467 3652 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3652 6 80 80 CD 20467 3652 7 - - SYM 20467 3652 8 82 82 CD 20467 3652 9 prinoides prinoide NNS 20467 3652 10 , , , 20467 3652 11 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3652 12 . . . 20467 3653 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3653 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3653 3 white white JJ 20467 3653 4 oak oak NN 20467 3653 5 . . . 20467 3654 1 Scrub scrub NN 20467 3654 2 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3654 3 oak oak NN 20467 3654 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3654 5 85 85 CD 20467 3654 6 prinus prinu NNS 20467 3654 7 , , , 20467 3654 8 L. L. NNP 20467 3654 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3654 10 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3654 11 , , , 20467 3654 12 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3654 13 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3654 14 oak oak NN 20467 3654 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3654 16 82 82 NNP 20467 3654 17 - - SYM 20467 3654 18 84 84 CD 20467 3654 19 pumila pumila NN 20467 3654 20 , , , 20467 3654 21 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3654 22 . . . 20467 3655 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3655 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3655 3 , , , 20467 3655 4 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3655 5 oak oak NN 20467 3655 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3655 7 93 93 CD 20467 3655 8 , , , 20467 3655 9 94 94 CD 20467 3655 10 rubra rubra NNS 20467 3655 11 , , , 20467 3655 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3655 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3655 14 Red Red NNP 20467 3655 15 oak oak NN 20467 3655 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3655 17 86 86 CD 20467 3655 18 , , , 20467 3655 19 87 87 CD 20467 3655 20 stellata stellata NN 20467 3655 21 , , , 20467 3655 22 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3655 23 . . . 20467 3656 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3656 2 Post Post NNP 20467 3656 3 , , , 20467 3656 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3656 5 white white NNP 20467 3656 6 oak oak NNP 20467 3656 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3656 8 77 77 CD 20467 3656 9 , , , 20467 3656 10 78 78 CD 20467 3656 11 tinctoria tinctoria NNS 20467 3656 12 , , , 20467 3656 13 Bartram Bartram NNP 20467 3656 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3656 15 Black Black NNP 20467 3656 16 , , , 20467 3656 17 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3656 18 oak oak NN 20467 3656 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3656 20 89 89 CD 20467 3656 21 - - SYM 20467 3656 22 91 91 CD 20467 3656 23 velutina velutina NN 20467 3656 24 , , , 20467 3656 25 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3656 26 . . . 20467 3657 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3657 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3657 3 , , , 20467 3657 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3657 5 oak oak NN 20467 3657 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3657 7 89 89 CD 20467 3657 8 - - SYM 20467 3657 9 91 91 CD 20467 3657 10 Fir Fir NNP 20467 3657 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3657 12 Abies Abies NNP 20467 3657 13 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 3657 14 , , , 20467 3657 15 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3657 16 . . . 20467 3657 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3658 1 20 20 CD 20467 3658 2 - - SYM 20467 3658 3 22 22 CD 20467 3658 4 Fir fir NN 20467 3658 5 balsam balsam NN 20467 3658 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3658 7 Abies Abies NNP 20467 3658 8 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 3658 9 , , , 20467 3658 10 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3658 11 . . . 20467 3658 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3659 1 20 20 CD 20467 3659 2 - - SYM 20467 3659 3 22 22 CD 20467 3659 4 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3659 5 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 3659 6 , , , 20467 3659 7 L. L. NNP 20467 3659 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3659 9 White White NNP 20467 3659 10 ash ash NN 20467 3659 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3659 12 162 162 CD 20467 3659 13 - - HYPH 20467 3659 14 164 164 CD 20467 3659 15 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 3659 16 . . . 20467 3660 1 Borkh Borkh NNP 20467 3660 2 . . . 20467 3661 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3661 2 Green Green NNP 20467 3661 3 ash ash NN 20467 3661 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3661 5 166 166 CD 20467 3661 6 , , , 20467 3661 7 172 172 CD 20467 3661 8 nigra nigra NN 20467 3661 9 . . . 20467 3662 1 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3662 2 . . . 20467 3663 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3663 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3663 3 , , , 20467 3663 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3663 5 , , , 20467 3663 6 Basket Basket NNP 20467 3663 7 , , , 20467 3663 8 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3663 9 , , , 20467 3663 10 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3663 11 ash ash NN 20467 3663 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3663 13 167 167 CD 20467 3663 14 , , , 20467 3663 15 168 168 CD 20467 3663 16 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3663 17 , , , 20467 3663 18 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3663 19 . . . 20467 3664 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3664 2 Red Red NNP 20467 3664 3 , , , 20467 3664 4 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3664 5 , , , 20467 3664 6 River River NNP 20467 3664 7 ash ash NN 20467 3664 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3664 9 164 164 CD 20467 3664 10 , , , 20467 3664 11 165 165 CD 20467 3664 12 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3664 13 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 3664 14 , , , 20467 3664 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3664 16 var var NN 20467 3664 17 . . . 20467 3664 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3664 19 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 3664 20 , , , 20467 3664 21 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3664 22 . . . 20467 3665 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3665 2 Green Green NNP 20467 3665 3 ash ash NN 20467 3665 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3665 5 166 166 CD 20467 3665 6 , , , 20467 3665 7 172 172 CD 20467 3665 8 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 3665 9 , , , 20467 3665 10 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3665 11 . . . 20467 3666 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3666 2 Red Red NNP 20467 3666 3 , , , 20467 3666 4 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3666 5 , , , 20467 3666 6 River River NNP 20467 3666 7 ash ash NN 20467 3666 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3666 9 164,165 164,165 CD 20467 3666 10 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3666 11 , , , 20467 3666 12 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3666 13 . . . 20467 3667 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3667 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3667 3 , , , 20467 3667 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3667 5 , , , 20467 3667 6 Basket Basket NNP 20467 3667 7 , , , 20467 3667 8 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3667 9 , , , 20467 3667 10 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3667 11 ash ash NN 20467 3667 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3667 13 167 167 CD 20467 3667 14 , , , 20467 3667 15 168 168 CD 20467 3667 16 viridis viridis NN 20467 3667 17 , , , 20467 3667 18 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3667 19 . . . 20467 3668 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3668 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3668 3 Green Green NNP 20467 3668 4 ash ash NN 20467 3668 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3668 6 166 166 CD 20467 3668 7 , , , 20467 3668 8 172 172 CD 20467 3668 9 G g NN 20467 3668 10 Glaucous Glaucous NNP 20467 3668 11 willow willow NN 20467 3668 12 . . . 20467 3669 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3669 2 Salix salix NN 20467 3669 3 discolor discolor NN 20467 3669 4 , , , 20467 3669 5 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 3669 6 . . . 20467 3669 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3670 1 40 40 CD 20467 3670 2 , , , 20467 3670 3 41 41 CD 20467 3670 4 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 3670 5 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 3670 6 , , , 20467 3670 7 L. L. NNP 20467 3670 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3670 9 Honey Honey NNP 20467 3670 10 locust locust NN 20467 3670 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3670 12 129 129 CD 20467 3670 13 , , , 20467 3670 14 130 130 CD 20467 3670 15 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3670 16 birch birch NN 20467 3670 17 . . . 20467 3671 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3671 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3671 3 lutea lutea JJ 20467 3671 4 , , , 20467 3671 5 Michx michx UH 20467 3671 6 . . . 20467 3672 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3672 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3672 3 63,64 63,64 CD 20467 3672 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3672 5 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3672 6 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3672 7 , , , 20467 3672 8 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3672 9 . . . 20467 3672 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3673 1 66 66 CD 20467 3673 2 - - SYM 20467 3673 3 68 68 CD 20467 3673 4 pine pine NN 20467 3673 5 . . . 20467 3674 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3674 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3674 3 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 3674 4 , , , 20467 3674 5 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3674 6 . . . 20467 3674 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3675 1 8 8 CD 20467 3675 2 , , , 20467 3675 3 9 9 CD 20467 3675 4 Green Green NNP 20467 3675 5 ash ash NN 20467 3675 6 . . . 20467 3676 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3676 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3676 3 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3676 4 , , , 20467 3676 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3676 6 var var NN 20467 3676 7 . . . 20467 3676 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3676 9 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 3676 10 , , , 20467 3676 11 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3676 12 . . . 20467 3676 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3677 1 166 166 CD 20467 3677 2 , , , 20467 3677 3 172 172 CD 20467 3677 4 osier osier NN 20467 3677 5 . . . 20467 3678 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3678 2 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3678 3 alternifolia alternifolia NNP 20467 3678 4 , , , 20467 3678 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3678 6 f. f. NNP 20467 3678 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3678 8 157 157 CD 20467 3678 9 , , , 20467 3678 10 158 158 CD 20467 3678 11 Groome groome JJ 20467 3678 12 estate estate NN 20467 3678 13 , , , 20467 3678 14 Dorchester Dorchester NNP 20467 3678 15 , , , 20467 3678 16 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 3678 17 , , , 20467 3678 18 Willow Willow NNP 20467 3678 19 . . . 20467 3679 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3679 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3679 3 Salix Salix NNP 20467 3679 4 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 3679 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3679 6 , , , 20467 3679 7 1890 1890 CD 20467 3679 8 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3679 9 44 44 CD 20467 3679 10 Gum gum NN 20467 3679 11 , , , 20467 3679 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3679 13 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 20467 3679 14 Styraciflua Styraciflua NNP 20467 3679 15 , , , 20467 3679 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3679 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3679 18 108 108 CD 20467 3679 19 , , , 20467 3679 20 109 109 CD 20467 3679 21 Sour sour JJ 20467 3679 22 gum gum NN 20467 3679 23 . . . 20467 3680 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3680 2 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3680 3 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 3680 4 , , , 20467 3680 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3680 6 . . . 20467 3680 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3681 1 159 159 CD 20467 3681 2 , , , 20467 3681 3 160 160 CD 20467 3681 4 H h NN 20467 3681 5 Hackberry hackberry NN 20467 3681 6 . . . 20467 3682 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3682 2 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 3682 3 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3682 4 , , , 20467 3682 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3682 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3682 7 100 100 CD 20467 3682 8 - - SYM 20467 3682 9 102 102 CD 20467 3682 10 Hacmatack Hacmatack NNP 20467 3682 11 . . . 20467 3683 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3683 2 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3683 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3683 4 , , , 20467 3683 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3683 6 . . . 20467 3683 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3684 1 2 2 CD 20467 3684 2 - - SYM 20467 3684 3 4 4 CD 20467 3684 4 = = SYM 20467 3684 5 Hamamelidaceæ.= hamamelidaceæ.= ADD 20467 3684 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3684 7 Witch Witch NNP 20467 3684 8 Hazel Hazel NNP 20467 3684 9 family family NN 20467 3684 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3684 11 108 108 CD 20467 3684 12 , , , 20467 3684 13 109 109 CD 20467 3684 14 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 20467 3684 15 styraciflua styraciflua NN 20467 3684 16 , , , 20467 3684 17 L. L. NNP 20467 3684 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3684 19 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3684 20 gum gum NN 20467 3684 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3684 22 108 108 CD 20467 3684 23 , , , 20467 3684 24 109 109 CD 20467 3684 25 Hard hard JJ 20467 3684 26 maple maple NN 20467 3684 27 . . . 20467 3685 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3685 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3685 3 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3685 4 , , , 20467 3685 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3685 6 . . . 20467 3685 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3686 1 144 144 CD 20467 3686 2 - - SYM 20467 3686 3 146 146 CD 20467 3686 4 pine pine NN 20467 3686 5 . . . 20467 3687 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3687 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3687 3 rigida rigida NN 20467 3687 4 , , , 20467 3687 5 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3687 6 . . . 20467 3687 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3688 1 6 6 CD 20467 3688 2 , , , 20467 3688 3 7 7 CD 20467 3688 4 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 20467 3688 5 . . . 20467 3689 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3689 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 20467 3689 3 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3689 4 , , , 20467 3689 5 Carr Carr NNP 20467 3689 6 . . . 20467 3689 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3690 1 19 19 CD 20467 3690 2 , , , 20467 3690 3 20 20 CD 20467 3690 4 Hickory Hickory NNP 20467 3690 5 . . . 20467 3691 1 Bitternut Bitternut NNP 20467 3691 2 , , , 20467 3691 3 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3691 4 hickory hickory NN 20467 3691 5 . . . 20467 3692 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3692 2 Carya carya NN 20467 3692 3 amara amara NN 20467 3692 4 , , , 20467 3692 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3692 6 . . . 20467 3692 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3693 1 55 55 CD 20467 3693 2 - - SYM 20467 3693 3 57 57 CD 20467 3693 4 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3693 5 , , , 20467 3693 6 White white JJ 20467 3693 7 - - HYPH 20467 3693 8 heart heart NN 20467 3693 9 hickory hickory NN 20467 3693 10 . . . 20467 3694 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3694 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3694 3 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 3694 4 , , , 20467 3694 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3694 6 . . . 20467 3694 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3695 1 51 51 CD 20467 3695 2 - - SYM 20467 3695 3 53 53 CD 20467 3695 4 Pignut Pignut NNP 20467 3695 5 , , , 20467 3695 6 White white JJ 20467 3695 7 hickory hickory NN 20467 3695 8 . . . 20467 3696 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3696 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3696 3 porcina porcina NNP 20467 3696 4 , , , 20467 3696 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3696 6 . . . 20467 3696 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3697 1 53 53 CD 20467 3697 2 - - SYM 20467 3697 3 55 55 CD 20467 3697 4 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3697 5 , , , 20467 3697 6 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 20467 3697 7 hickory hickory NN 20467 3697 8 . . . 20467 3698 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3698 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3698 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3698 4 , , , 20467 3698 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3698 6 . . . 20467 3698 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3699 1 49 49 CD 20467 3699 2 - - SYM 20467 3699 3 51 51 CD 20467 3699 4 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 20467 3699 5 alba alba NNS 20467 3699 6 , , , 20467 3699 7 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3699 8 . . . 20467 3700 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3700 2 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3700 3 , , , 20467 3700 4 White White NNP 20467 3700 5 - - HYPH 20467 3700 6 heart heart NN 20467 3700 7 hickory hickory NN 20467 3700 8 , , , 20467 3700 9 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3700 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3700 11 51 51 CD 20467 3700 12 - - SYM 20467 3700 13 53 53 CD 20467 3700 14 glabra glabra NN 20467 3700 15 , , , 20467 3700 16 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3700 17 . . . 20467 3701 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3701 2 Pignut Pignut NNP 20467 3701 3 , , , 20467 3701 4 White White NNP 20467 3701 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3701 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3701 7 53 53 CD 20467 3701 8 - - SYM 20467 3701 9 55 55 CD 20467 3701 10 minima minima NN 20467 3701 11 , , , 20467 3701 12 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3701 13 . . . 20467 3702 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3702 2 Butternut Butternut NNP 20467 3702 3 , , , 20467 3702 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3702 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3702 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3702 7 55 55 CD 20467 3702 8 - - SYM 20467 3702 9 57 57 CD 20467 3702 10 ovata ovata NN 20467 3702 11 , , , 20467 3702 12 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3702 13 . . . 20467 3703 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3703 2 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3703 3 , , , 20467 3703 4 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 20467 3703 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3703 6 , , , 20467 3703 7 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3703 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3703 9 49 49 CD 20467 3703 10 - - SYM 20467 3703 11 51 51 CD 20467 3703 12 Holly Holly NNP 20467 3703 13 family family NN 20467 3703 14 . . . 20467 3704 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3704 2 = = NFP 20467 3704 3 Aquifoliaceæ= aquifoliaceæ= NN 20467 3704 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3704 5 138 138 CD 20467 3704 6 - - SYM 20467 3704 7 140 140 CD 20467 3704 8 Holly holly RB 20467 3704 9 , , , 20467 3704 10 American American NNP 20467 3704 11 holly holly RB 20467 3704 12 . . . 20467 3705 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3705 2 Ilex ilex JJ 20467 3705 3 opaca opaca NN 20467 3705 4 , , , 20467 3705 5 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3705 6 . . . 20467 3705 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3706 1 138 138 CD 20467 3706 2 - - SYM 20467 3706 3 140 140 CD 20467 3706 4 Honey Honey NNP 20467 3706 5 locust locust NN 20467 3706 6 . . . 20467 3707 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3707 2 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 3707 3 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 3707 4 , , , 20467 3707 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3707 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3707 7 129,130 129,130 CD 20467 3707 8 Honeysuckle Honeysuckle NNP 20467 3707 9 family family NN 20467 3707 10 . . . 20467 3708 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3708 2 = = SYM 20467 3708 3 Caprifoliaceæ= caprifoliaceæ= NN 20467 3708 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3708 5 168,169 168,169 CD 20467 3708 6 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3708 7 ash ash NN 20467 3708 8 . . . 20467 3709 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3709 2 Celtis celtis JJ 20467 3709 3 occidentals occidental NNS 20467 3709 4 , , , 20467 3709 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3709 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3709 7 100 100 CD 20467 3709 8 - - SYM 20467 3709 9 102 102 CD 20467 3709 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3709 11 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3709 12 nigra nigra NN 20467 3709 13 , , , 20467 3709 14 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3709 15 . . . 20467 3709 16 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3710 1 167 167 CD 20467 3710 2 , , , 20467 3710 3 168 168 CD 20467 3710 4 Hop Hop NNP 20467 3710 5 hornbeam hornbeam NN 20467 3710 6 . . . 20467 3711 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3711 2 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 3711 3 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 3711 4 , , , 20467 3711 5 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3711 6 . . . 20467 3711 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3712 1 57,58 57,58 CD 20467 3712 2 Hornbeam Hornbeam NNP 20467 3712 3 . . . 20467 3713 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3713 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3713 3 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3713 4 , , , 20467 3713 5 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3713 6 . . . 20467 3713 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3714 1 59 59 CD 20467 3714 2 , , , 20467 3714 3 60 60 CD 20467 3714 4 Horse Horse NNP 20467 3714 5 plum plum NN 20467 3714 6 . . . 20467 3715 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3715 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3715 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3715 4 , , , 20467 3715 5 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3715 6 . . . 20467 3715 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3716 1 122,123 122,123 CD 20467 3716 2 I -PRON- PRP 20467 3716 3 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 3716 4 opaca opaca NN 20467 3716 5 , , , 20467 3716 6 Ait ait RB 20467 3716 7 . . . 20467 3717 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3717 2 American American NNP 20467 3717 3 holly holly RB 20467 3717 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3717 5 138 138 CD 20467 3717 6 - - SYM 20467 3717 7 140 140 CD 20467 3717 8 Ironwood Ironwood NNP 20467 3717 9 . . . 20467 3718 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3718 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3718 3 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3718 4 , , , 20467 3718 5 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3718 6 . . . 20467 3718 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3719 1 59 59 CD 20467 3719 2 , , , 20467 3719 3 60 60 CD 20467 3719 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3719 5 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 3719 6 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 3719 7 , , , 20467 3719 8 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3719 9 . . . 20467 3719 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3720 1 57 57 CD 20467 3720 2 , , , 20467 3720 3 58 58 CD 20467 3720 4 Ivy Ivy NNP 20467 3720 5 , , , 20467 3720 6 Poison poison NN 20467 3720 7 ivy ivy NN 20467 3720 8 . . . 20467 3721 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3721 2 Rhus rhus NN 20467 3721 3 toxicodendron toxicodendron JJ 20467 3721 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3721 5 137 137 CD 20467 3721 6 J J NNP 20467 3721 7 Jack Jack NNP 20467 3721 8 pine pine NN 20467 3721 9 . . . 20467 3722 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3722 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3722 3 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 3722 4 , , , 20467 3722 5 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 3722 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3722 7 8 8 CD 20467 3722 8 , , , 20467 3722 9 9 9 CD 20467 3722 10 = = SYM 20467 3722 11 Juglandaceæ.= Juglandaceæ.= NNS 20467 3722 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3722 13 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3722 14 family family NN 20467 3722 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3722 16 47 47 CD 20467 3722 17 - - SYM 20467 3722 18 57 57 CD 20467 3722 19 Carya carya NN 20467 3722 20 alba alba NNS 20467 3722 21 , , , 20467 3722 22 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3722 23 . . . 20467 3723 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3723 2 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3723 3 , , , 20467 3723 4 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 20467 3723 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3723 6 , , , 20467 3723 7 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3723 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3723 9 49 49 CD 20467 3723 10 - - SYM 20467 3723 11 51 51 CD 20467 3723 12 amara amara NN 20467 3723 13 , , , 20467 3723 14 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3723 15 . . . 20467 3724 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3724 2 Bitternut Bitternut NNP 20467 3724 3 , , , 20467 3724 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3724 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3724 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3724 7 55 55 CD 20467 3724 8 - - SYM 20467 3724 9 57 57 CD 20467 3724 10 porcina porcina NN 20467 3724 11 , , , 20467 3724 12 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3724 13 . . . 20467 3725 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3725 2 Pignut Pignut NNP 20467 3725 3 , , , 20467 3725 4 White White NNP 20467 3725 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3725 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3725 7 53 53 CD 20467 3725 8 - - SYM 20467 3725 9 55 55 CD 20467 3725 10 tomentosa tomentosa NNS 20467 3725 11 , , , 20467 3725 12 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3725 13 . . . 20467 3726 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3726 2 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3726 3 , , , 20467 3726 4 White White NNP 20467 3726 5 - - HYPH 20467 3726 6 heart heart NN 20467 3726 7 hickory hickory NN 20467 3726 8 . . . 20467 3727 1 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3727 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3727 3 51 51 CD 20467 3727 4 - - SYM 20467 3727 5 53 53 CD 20467 3727 6 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 20467 3727 7 alba alba NNS 20467 3727 8 , , , 20467 3727 9 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3727 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3727 11 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3727 12 , , , 20467 3727 13 White White NNP 20467 3727 14 - - HYPH 20467 3727 15 heart heart NN 20467 3727 16 hickory hickory NN 20467 3727 17 . . . 20467 3728 1 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3728 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3728 3 51 51 CD 20467 3728 4 - - SYM 20467 3728 5 53 53 CD 20467 3728 6 glabra glabra NN 20467 3728 7 , , , 20467 3728 8 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3728 9 . . . 20467 3729 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3729 2 Pignut Pignut NNP 20467 3729 3 , , , 20467 3729 4 White White NNP 20467 3729 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3729 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3729 7 53 53 CD 20467 3729 8 - - SYM 20467 3729 9 55 55 CD 20467 3729 10 minima minima NN 20467 3729 11 , , , 20467 3729 12 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3729 13 . . . 20467 3730 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3730 2 Bitternut Bitternut NNP 20467 3730 3 , , , 20467 3730 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3730 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3730 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3730 7 55 55 CD 20467 3730 8 - - SYM 20467 3730 9 57 57 CD 20467 3730 10 ovata ovata NN 20467 3730 11 , , , 20467 3730 12 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3730 13 . . . 20467 3731 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3731 2 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3731 3 , , , 20467 3731 4 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 20467 3731 5 hickory hickory NN 20467 3731 6 , , , 20467 3731 7 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3731 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3731 9 , , , 20467 3731 10 49 49 CD 20467 3731 11 - - SYM 20467 3731 12 51 51 CD 20467 3731 13 Juglans Juglans NNPS 20467 3731 14 cinerea cinerea NN 20467 3731 15 , , , 20467 3731 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3731 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3731 18 Butternut Butternut NNP 20467 3731 19 , , , 20467 3731 20 Oilnut Oilnut NNP 20467 3731 21 , , , 20467 3731 22 Lemon Lemon NNP 20467 3731 23 walnut walnut NN 20467 3731 24 _ _ NNP 20467 3731 25 , , , 20467 3731 26 46 46 CD 20467 3731 27 , , , 20467 3731 28 47 47 CD 20467 3731 29 nigra nigra NN 20467 3731 30 , , , 20467 3731 31 L. L. NNP 20467 3731 32 _ _ NNP 20467 3731 33 Black Black NNP 20467 3731 34 walnut walnut NN 20467 3731 35 _ _ NNP 20467 3731 36 48 48 CD 20467 3731 37 , , , 20467 3731 38 49 49 CD 20467 3731 39 June June NNP 20467 3731 40 - - HYPH 20467 3731 41 berry berry NNP 20467 3731 42 . . . 20467 3732 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3732 2 Amelanchier Amelanchier NNP 20467 3732 3 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3732 4 , , , 20467 3732 5 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3732 6 . . . 20467 3732 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3733 1 116 116 CD 20467 3733 2 , , , 20467 3733 3 117 117 CD 20467 3733 4 Juniper Juniper NNP 20467 3733 5 . . . 20467 3734 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3734 2 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3734 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3734 4 , , , 20467 3734 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3734 6 . . . 20467 3734 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3735 1 2 2 CD 20467 3735 2 - - SYM 20467 3735 3 4 4 CD 20467 3735 4 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 3735 5 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3735 6 , , , 20467 3735 7 L. L. NNP 20467 3735 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3735 9 Red Red NNP 20467 3735 10 cedar cedar NN 20467 3735 11 , , , 20467 3735 12 Savin Savin NNP 20467 3735 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3735 14 26 26 CD 20467 3735 15 - - SYM 20467 3735 16 28 28 CD 20467 3735 17 L L NNP 20467 3735 18 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 3735 19 spruce spruce NN 20467 3735 20 . . . 20467 3736 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3736 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3736 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3736 4 , , , 20467 3736 5 Link Link NNP 20467 3736 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3736 7 16 16 CD 20467 3736 8 - - SYM 20467 3736 9 18 18 CD 20467 3736 10 Laconia Laconia NNP 20467 3736 11 , , , 20467 3736 12 N.H. New Hampshire NNP 20467 3736 13 , , , 20467 3736 14 Pussy Pussy NNP 20467 3736 15 willow willow NN 20467 3736 16 , , , 20467 3736 17 35 35 CD 20467 3736 18 ft ft NN 20467 3736 19 . . NNP 20467 3736 20 high high JJ 20467 3736 21 . . . 20467 3737 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3737 2 Salix salix NN 20467 3737 3 discolor discolor NN 20467 3737 4 , , , 20467 3737 5 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 3737 6 . . . 20467 3737 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3738 1 41 41 CD 20467 3738 2 Larch larch NN 20467 3738 3 . . . 20467 3739 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3739 2 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3739 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3739 4 , , , 20467 3739 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3739 6 . . . 20467 3739 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3740 1 2 2 LS 20467 3740 2 - - SYM 20467 3740 3 4 4 CD 20467 3740 4 Large large JJ 20467 3740 5 - - HYPH 20467 3740 6 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3740 7 aspen aspen NN 20467 3740 8 . . . 20467 3741 1 . . . 20467 3742 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3742 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3742 3 grandidenta grandidenta NNS 20467 3742 4 , , , 20467 3742 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3742 6 . . . 20467 3742 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3743 1 31,32 31,32 CD 20467 3743 2 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3743 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3743 4 , , , 20467 3743 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3743 6 . . . 20467 3744 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3744 2 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 20467 3744 3 , , , 20467 3744 4 Hacmatack Hacmatack NNP 20467 3744 5 , , , 20467 3744 6 Larch Larch NNP 20467 3744 7 , , , 20467 3744 8 Juniper Juniper NNP 20467 3744 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3744 10 2 2 CD 20467 3744 11 - - SYM 20467 3744 12 4 4 CD 20467 3744 13 laricina laricina NN 20467 3744 14 , , , 20467 3744 15 Koch Koch NNP 20467 3744 16 . . . 20467 3745 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3745 2 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 20467 3745 3 , , , 20467 3745 4 Hacmatack Hacmatack NNP 20467 3745 5 , , , 20467 3745 6 Larch Larch NNP 20467 3745 7 , , , 20467 3745 8 Juniper Juniper NNP 20467 3745 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3745 10 2 2 CD 20467 3745 11 - - SYM 20467 3745 12 4 4 CD 20467 3745 13 = = SYM 20467 3745 14 Lauraceæ.= Lauraceæ.= NNS 20467 3745 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3745 16 Laurel Laurel NNP 20467 3745 17 family family NN 20467 3745 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3745 19 106 106 CD 20467 3745 20 - - SYM 20467 3745 21 108 108 CD 20467 3745 22 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 3745 23 officinale officinale JJ 20467 3745 24 . . . 20467 3746 1 Nees nee NNS 20467 3746 2 . . . 20467 3747 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3747 2 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 3747 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3747 4 106 106 CD 20467 3747 5 - - SYM 20467 3747 6 108 108 CD 20467 3747 7 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 3747 8 , , , 20467 3747 9 Karst Karst NNP 20467 3747 10 . . . 20467 3748 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3748 2 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 3748 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3748 4 106 106 CD 20467 3748 5 - - SYM 20467 3748 6 108 108 CD 20467 3748 7 Laurel Laurel NNP 20467 3748 8 family family NN 20467 3748 9 . . . 20467 3749 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3749 2 = = FW 20467 3749 3 Lauraceæ= Lauraceæ= VBD 20467 3749 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3749 5 106 106 CD 20467 3749 6 - - SYM 20467 3749 7 108 108 CD 20467 3749 8 = = SYM 20467 3749 9 Leguminosæ.= leguminosæ.= ADD 20467 3749 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3749 11 Pulse pulse NN 20467 3749 12 family family NN 20467 3749 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3749 14 129 129 CD 20467 3749 15 - - SYM 20467 3749 16 132 132 CD 20467 3749 17 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 3749 18 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 3749 19 , , , 20467 3749 20 L. L. NNP 20467 3749 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3749 22 Honey Honey NNP 20467 3749 23 locust locust NN 20467 3749 24 , , , 20467 3749 25 Three Three NNP 20467 3749 26 - - HYPH 20467 3749 27 thorned thorne VBN 20467 3749 28 acacia acacia NNP 20467 3749 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3749 30 129 129 CD 20467 3749 31 , , , 20467 3749 32 130 130 CD 20467 3749 33 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3749 34 pseudacacia pseudacacia NN 20467 3749 35 . . . 20467 3750 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3750 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3750 3 Locust Locust NNP 20467 3750 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3750 5 131 131 CD 20467 3750 6 , , , 20467 3750 7 132 132 CD 20467 3750 8 viscosa viscosa NNS 20467 3750 9 , , , 20467 3750 10 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3750 11 . . . 20467 3751 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3751 2 Clammy Clammy NNP 20467 3751 3 locust locust NN 20467 3751 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3751 5 132 132 CD 20467 3751 6 Lemon Lemon NNP 20467 3751 7 walnut walnut NN 20467 3751 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3751 9 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 3751 10 cinerea cinerea NNP 20467 3751 11 , , , 20467 3751 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3751 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3751 14 46 46 CD 20467 3751 15 , , , 20467 3751 16 47 47 CD 20467 3751 17 Leverwood Leverwood NNP 20467 3751 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3751 19 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 3751 20 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 3751 21 , , , 20467 3751 22 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3751 23 . . . 20467 3751 24 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3752 1 57 57 CD 20467 3752 2 , , , 20467 3752 3 58 58 CD 20467 3752 4 Lime Lime NNP 20467 3752 5 . . . 20467 3753 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3753 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3753 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3753 4 , , , 20467 3753 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3753 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3753 7 153 153 CD 20467 3753 8 - - HYPH 20467 3753 9 155 155 CD 20467 3753 10 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3753 11 family family NN 20467 3753 12 . . . 20467 3754 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3754 2 = = SYM 20467 3754 3 Tiliaceæ= tiliaceæ= NN 20467 3754 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3754 5 153 153 CD 20467 3754 6 - - HYPH 20467 3754 7 155 155 CD 20467 3754 8 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3754 9 . . . 20467 3755 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3755 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3755 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3755 4 , , , 20467 3755 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3755 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3755 7 153 153 CD 20467 3755 8 - - HYPH 20467 3755 9 155 155 CD 20467 3755 10 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 20467 3755 11 Styraciflua Styraciflua NNP 20467 3755 12 , , , 20467 3755 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3755 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3755 15 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3755 16 gum gum NN 20467 3755 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3755 18 108 108 CD 20467 3755 19 , , , 20467 3755 20 109 109 CD 20467 3755 21 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 3755 22 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 3755 23 , , , 20467 3755 24 L. L. NNP 20467 3755 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3755 26 Tulip Tulip NNP 20467 3755 27 tree tree NN 20467 3755 28 , , , 20467 3755 29 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3755 30 , , , 20467 3755 31 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3755 32 _ _ NNP 20467 3755 33 104 104 CD 20467 3755 34 - - SYM 20467 3755 35 106 106 CD 20467 3755 36 Locust Locust NNP 20467 3755 37 . . . 20467 3756 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3756 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3756 3 pseudacacia pseudacacia NN 20467 3756 4 , , , 20467 3756 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3756 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3756 7 131 131 CD 20467 3756 8 , , , 20467 3756 9 132 132 CD 20467 3756 10 Clammy clammy JJ 20467 3756 11 locust locust NN 20467 3756 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3756 13 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3756 14 viscosa viscosa NNS 20467 3756 15 , , , 20467 3756 16 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3756 17 . . . 20467 3756 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3757 1 132 132 CD 20467 3757 2 Honey Honey NNP 20467 3757 3 locust locust NN 20467 3757 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3757 5 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 3757 6 triacanthos triacanthos NN 20467 3757 7 , , , 20467 3757 8 L. L. NNP 20467 3757 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3757 10 129,130 129,130 CD 20467 3757 11 M M NNP 20467 3757 12 Magnolia Magnolia NNP 20467 3757 13 family family NN 20467 3757 14 . . . 20467 3758 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3758 2 = = SYM 20467 3758 3 Magnoliaceæ= magnoliaceæ= NN 20467 3758 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3758 5 104 104 CD 20467 3758 6 - - SYM 20467 3758 7 106 106 CD 20467 3758 8 = = SYM 20467 3758 9 Magnoliaceæ.= Magnoliaceæ.= NNP 20467 3758 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3758 11 Magnolia Magnolia NNP 20467 3758 12 family family NN 20467 3758 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3758 14 104 104 CD 20467 3758 15 - - HYPH 20467 3758 16 106 106 CD 20467 3758 17 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 3758 18 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 3758 19 , , , 20467 3758 20 L. L. NNP 20467 3758 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3758 22 Tulip Tulip NNP 20467 3758 23 tree tree NN 20467 3758 24 , , , 20467 3758 25 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3758 26 , , , 20467 3758 27 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3758 28 _ _ NNP 20467 3758 29 104 104 CD 20467 3758 30 - - HYPH 20467 3758 31 106 106 CD 20467 3758 32 Malus Malus NNP 20467 3758 33 Malus Malus NNP 20467 3758 34 , , , 20467 3758 35 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3758 36 . . . 20467 3759 1 Apple apple NN 20467 3759 2 tree tree NN 20467 3759 3 115 115 CD 20467 3759 4 Maple Maple NNP 20467 3759 5 family family NN 20467 3759 6 . . . 20467 3760 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3760 2 = = NFP 20467 3760 3 Aceraceæ= aceraceæ= NN 20467 3760 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3760 5 140 140 CD 20467 3760 6 - - HYPH 20467 3760 7 153 153 CD 20467 3760 8 Maple Maple NNP 20467 3760 9 , , , 20467 3760 10 Black black JJ 20467 3760 11 maple maple NN 20467 3760 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3760 13 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3760 14 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3760 15 , , , 20467 3760 16 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3760 17 . . . 20467 3760 18 , , , 20467 3760 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3760 20 var var NN 20467 3760 21 . . . 20467 3760 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3760 23 nigrum nigrum NN 20467 3760 24 , , , 20467 3760 25 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3760 26 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3760 27 127 127 CD 20467 3760 28 , , , 20467 3760 29 146 146 CD 20467 3760 30 , , , 20467 3760 31 172 172 CD 20467 3760 32 Box Box NNP 20467 3760 33 elder elder NN 20467 3760 34 , , , 20467 3760 35 Ash Ash NNP 20467 3760 36 - - HYPH 20467 3760 37 leaved leave VBN 20467 3760 38 maple maple NN 20467 3760 39 . . . 20467 3761 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3761 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3761 3 negundo negundo NNP 20467 3761 4 , , , 20467 3761 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3761 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3761 7 151 151 CD 20467 3761 8 - - HYPH 20467 3761 9 153 153 CD 20467 3761 10 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3761 11 maple maple NN 20467 3761 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3761 13 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3761 14 spicatum spicatum NN 20467 3761 15 , , , 20467 3761 16 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3761 17 . . . 20467 3761 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3762 1 148 148 CD 20467 3762 2 , , , 20467 3762 3 149 149 CD 20467 3762 4 Norway Norway NNP 20467 3762 5 maple maple NN 20467 3762 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3762 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3762 8 cultivated cultivate VBN 20467 3762 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3762 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3762 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3762 12 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3762 13 platanoides platanoide NNS 20467 3762 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3762 15 146 146 CD 20467 3762 16 Red Red NNP 20467 3762 17 , , , 20467 3762 18 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3762 19 , , , 20467 3762 20 Soft soft JJ 20467 3762 21 , , , 20467 3762 22 White white JJ 20467 3762 23 maple maple NN 20467 3762 24 . . . 20467 3763 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3763 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3763 3 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 3763 4 , , , 20467 3763 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3763 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3763 7 140 140 CD 20467 3763 8 - - HYPH 20467 3763 9 142 142 CD 20467 3763 10 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3763 11 , , , 20467 3763 12 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3763 13 , , , 20467 3763 14 Hard hard JJ 20467 3763 15 maple maple NN 20467 3763 16 , , , 20467 3763 17 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3763 18 tree tree NN 20467 3763 19 . . . 20467 3764 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3764 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3764 3 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3764 4 , , , 20467 3764 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3764 6 . . . 20467 3764 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3765 1 144 144 CD 20467 3765 2 - - SYM 20467 3765 3 146 146 CD 20467 3765 4 , , , 20467 3765 5 172 172 CD 20467 3765 6 Silver silver NN 20467 3765 7 , , , 20467 3765 8 Soft Soft NNP 20467 3765 9 , , , 20467 3765 10 White white JJ 20467 3765 11 maple maple NN 20467 3765 12 , , , 20467 3765 13 River River NNP 20467 3765 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3765 15 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3765 16 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3765 17 , , , 20467 3765 18 L. L. NNP 20467 3765 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3765 20 142 142 CD 20467 3765 21 - - SYM 20467 3765 22 144 144 CD 20467 3765 23 Striped stripe VBN 20467 3765 24 maple maple NN 20467 3765 25 , , , 20467 3765 26 Moosewood Moosewood NNP 20467 3765 27 , , , 20467 3765 28 Whistlewood Whistlewood NNP 20467 3765 29 . . . 20467 3766 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3766 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3766 3 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 3766 4 , , , 20467 3766 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3766 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3766 7 149 149 CD 20467 3766 8 - - SYM 20467 3766 9 151 151 CD 20467 3766 10 Mazard Mazard NNP 20467 3766 11 cherry cherry NN 20467 3766 12 . . . 20467 3767 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3767 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3767 3 Avium Avium NNP 20467 3767 4 , , , 20467 3767 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3767 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3767 7 128 128 CD 20467 3767 8 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3767 9 . . . 20467 3768 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3768 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3768 3 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 3768 4 , , , 20467 3768 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3768 6 . . . 20467 3768 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3769 1 51 51 CD 20467 3769 2 - - SYM 20467 3769 3 53 53 CD 20467 3769 4 Moosewood moosewood NN 20467 3769 5 . . . 20467 3770 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3770 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3770 3 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 3770 4 , , , 20467 3770 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3770 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3770 7 149 149 CD 20467 3770 8 - - SYM 20467 3770 9 151 151 CD 20467 3770 10 = = SYM 20467 3770 11 Moraceæ.= Moraceæ.= NNP 20467 3770 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3770 13 Mulberry Mulberry NNP 20467 3770 14 family family NN 20467 3770 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3770 16 102 102 CD 20467 3770 17 - - HYPH 20467 3770 18 104 104 CD 20467 3770 19 Morus Morus NNP 20467 3770 20 alba alba NNS 20467 3770 21 , , , 20467 3770 22 L. L. NNP 20467 3770 23 _ _ NNP 20467 3770 24 White White NNP 20467 3770 25 mulberry mulberry NN 20467 3770 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3770 27 104 104 CD 20467 3770 28 rubra rubra NNP 20467 3770 29 , , , 20467 3770 30 L. L. NNP 20467 3770 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3770 32 Red Red NNP 20467 3770 33 mulberry mulberry NN 20467 3770 34 _ _ NNP 20467 3770 35 102 102 CD 20467 3770 36 , , , 20467 3770 37 103 103 CD 20467 3770 38 Mossy Mossy NNP 20467 3770 39 - - HYPH 20467 3770 40 cup cup NN 20467 3770 41 oak oak NN 20467 3770 42 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3770 43 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3770 44 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 20467 3770 45 , , , 20467 3770 46 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3770 47 . . . 20467 3770 48 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3771 1 79 79 CD 20467 3771 2 , , , 20467 3771 3 80 80 CD 20467 3771 4 Mountain mountain NN 20467 3771 5 ash ash NN 20467 3771 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3771 7 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3771 8 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3771 9 , , , 20467 3771 10 DC DC NNP 20467 3771 11 . . . 20467 3771 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3772 1 112 112 CD 20467 3772 2 , , , 20467 3772 3 113 113 CD 20467 3772 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3772 5 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3772 6 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3772 7 , , , 20467 3772 8 Cham Cham NNP 20467 3772 9 . . . 20467 3773 1 & & CC 20467 3773 2 Schlecht Schlecht NNP 20467 3773 3 . . . 20467 3773 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3774 1 113 113 CD 20467 3774 2 - - SYM 20467 3774 3 115 115 CD 20467 3774 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3774 5 ash ash NN 20467 3774 6 , , , 20467 3774 7 European european JJ 20467 3774 8 . . . 20467 3775 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3775 2 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3775 3 aucuparia aucuparia NNP 20467 3775 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3775 5 113 113 CD 20467 3775 6 , , , 20467 3775 7 115 115 CD 20467 3775 8 maple maple NN 20467 3775 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3775 10 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3775 11 spicatum spicatum NN 20467 3775 12 , , , 20467 3775 13 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3775 14 . . . 20467 3775 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3776 1 148 148 CD 20467 3776 2 , , , 20467 3776 3 149 149 CD 20467 3776 4 Mulberry Mulberry NNP 20467 3776 5 family family NN 20467 3776 6 . . . 20467 3777 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3777 2 = = NFP 20467 3777 3 Moraceæ= moraceæ= NN 20467 3777 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3777 5 102 102 CD 20467 3777 6 - - SYM 20467 3777 7 104 104 CD 20467 3777 8 Mulberry Mulberry NNP 20467 3777 9 , , , 20467 3777 10 Red red JJ 20467 3777 11 mulberry mulberry NN 20467 3777 12 . . . 20467 3778 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3778 2 Morus Morus NNP 20467 3778 3 rubra rubra NNP 20467 3778 4 . . . 20467 3779 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3779 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3779 3 102 102 CD 20467 3779 4 , , , 20467 3779 5 103 103 CD 20467 3779 6 White white JJ 20467 3779 7 mulberry mulberry NN 20467 3779 8 . . . 20467 3780 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3780 2 Morus Morus NNP 20467 3780 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3780 4 , , , 20467 3780 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3780 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3780 7 104 104 CD 20467 3780 8 N N NNP 20467 3780 9 Nanny Nanny NNP 20467 3780 10 plum plum NN 20467 3780 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3780 12 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 3780 13 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 3780 14 , , , 20467 3780 15 L. L. NNP 20467 3780 16 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3780 17 168 168 CD 20467 3780 18 , , , 20467 3780 19 169 169 CD 20467 3780 20 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 3780 21 aceroides aceroide NNS 20467 3780 22 , , , 20467 3780 23 Moench Moench NNP 20467 3780 24 . . . 20467 3781 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3781 2 Box Box NNP 20467 3781 3 elder elder NN 20467 3781 4 , , , 20467 3781 5 Ash Ash NNP 20467 3781 6 - - HYPH 20467 3781 7 leaved leave VBN 20467 3781 8 maple maple NN 20467 3781 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3781 10 151 151 CD 20467 3781 11 - - HYPH 20467 3781 12 153 153 CD 20467 3781 13 Negundo Negundo NNP 20467 3781 14 , , , 20467 3781 15 Karst Karst NNP 20467 3781 16 . . . 20467 3782 1 151 151 CD 20467 3782 2 - - HYPH 20467 3782 3 153 153 CD 20467 3782 4 Nettle Nettle NNP 20467 3782 5 tree tree NN 20467 3782 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3782 7 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 3782 8 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3782 9 , , , 20467 3782 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3782 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3782 12 100 100 CD 20467 3782 13 - - SYM 20467 3782 14 102 102 CD 20467 3782 15 Norway Norway NNP 20467 3782 16 maple maple NN 20467 3782 17 . . . 20467 3783 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3783 2 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3783 3 platanoides platanoide NNS 20467 3783 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3783 5 146 146 CD 20467 3783 6 pine pine NN 20467 3783 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3783 8 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3783 9 resinosa resinosa NNS 20467 3783 10 , , , 20467 3783 11 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3783 12 . . . 20467 3783 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3784 1 10 10 CD 20467 3784 2 , , , 20467 3784 3 11 11 CD 20467 3784 4 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3784 5 sylvatica sylvatica NN 20467 3784 6 , , , 20467 3784 7 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3784 8 . . . 20467 3785 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3785 2 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 20467 3785 3 , , , 20467 3785 4 Sour Sour NNP 20467 3785 5 gum gum NN 20467 3785 6 , , , 20467 3785 7 Pepperidge Pepperidge NNP 20467 3785 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3785 9 159 159 CD 20467 3785 10 , , , 20467 3785 11 160 160 CD 20467 3785 12 O o NN 20467 3785 13 Oak Oak NNP 20467 3785 14 , , , 20467 3785 15 Black Black NNP 20467 3785 16 , , , 20467 3785 17 Yellow yellow JJ 20467 3785 18 oak oak NN 20467 3785 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3785 20 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3785 21 velutina velutina NN 20467 3785 22 , , , 20467 3785 23 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3785 24 . . . 20467 3785 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3786 1 89 89 CD 20467 3786 2 - - SYM 20467 3786 3 91 91 CD 20467 3786 4 Bur Bur VBN 20467 3786 5 , , , 20467 3786 6 Over Over NNP 20467 3786 7 - - HYPH 20467 3786 8 cup cup NNP 20467 3786 9 , , , 20467 3786 10 Mossy Mossy NNP 20467 3786 11 - - HYPH 20467 3786 12 cup cup NNP 20467 3786 13 oak oak NN 20467 3786 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3786 15 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3786 16 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 20467 3786 17 , , , 20467 3786 18 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3786 19 . . . 20467 3786 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3787 1 79 79 CD 20467 3787 2 , , , 20467 3787 3 80 80 CD 20467 3787 4 Chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3787 5 oak oak NN 20467 3787 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3787 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3787 8 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 3787 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3787 10 84 84 CD 20467 3787 11 , , , 20467 3787 12 85 85 CD 20467 3787 13 Chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3787 14 , , , 20467 3787 15 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3787 16 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3787 17 oak oak NN 20467 3787 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3787 19 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3787 20 prinus prinus NN 20467 3787 21 , , , 20467 3787 22 L. L. NNP 20467 3787 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3787 24 82 82 CD 20467 3787 25 - - SYM 20467 3787 26 84 84 CD 20467 3787 27 Pin Pin NNP 20467 3787 28 , , , 20467 3787 29 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3787 30 , , , 20467 3787 31 Water Water NNP 20467 3787 32 oak oak NN 20467 3787 33 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3787 34 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3787 35 palustris palustri NNS 20467 3787 36 , , , 20467 3787 37 Du Du NNP 20467 3787 38 Roi Roi NNP 20467 3787 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3787 40 91 91 CD 20467 3787 41 - - HYPH 20467 3787 42 08 08 CD 20467 3787 43 Post Post NNP 20467 3787 44 , , , 20467 3787 45 Box Box NNP 20467 3787 46 white white NNP 20467 3787 47 oak oak NNP 20467 3787 48 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3787 49 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3787 50 stellata stellata NN 20467 3787 51 , , , 20467 3787 52 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3787 53 . . . 20467 3787 54 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3788 1 77 77 CD 20467 3788 2 , , , 20467 3788 3 78 78 CD 20467 3788 4 Red red JJ 20467 3788 5 oak oak NN 20467 3788 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3788 7 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3788 8 rubra rubra NNP 20467 3788 9 , , , 20467 3788 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3788 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3788 12 86 86 CD 20467 3788 13 , , , 20467 3788 14 87 87 CD 20467 3788 15 Scarlet scarlet JJ 20467 3788 16 oak oak NN 20467 3788 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3788 18 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3788 19 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3788 20 , , , 20467 3788 21 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3788 22 . . . 20467 3788 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3789 1 88 88 CD 20467 3789 2 , , , 20467 3789 3 89 89 CD 20467 3789 4 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3789 5 , , , 20467 3789 6 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3789 7 oak oak NN 20467 3789 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3789 9 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3789 10 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 3789 11 , , , 20467 3789 12 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3789 13 . . . 20467 3789 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3790 1 93 93 CD 20467 3790 2 , , , 20467 3790 3 94 94 CD 20467 3790 4 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3790 5 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3790 6 , , , 20467 3790 7 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3790 8 white white JJ 20467 3790 9 oak oak NN 20467 3790 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3790 11 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3790 12 prinoides prinoide NNS 20467 3790 13 . . . 20467 3791 1 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3791 2 . . . 20467 3791 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3792 1 85 85 CD 20467 3792 2 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3792 3 white white JJ 20467 3792 4 oak oak NN 20467 3792 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3792 6 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3792 7 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 3792 8 , , , 20467 3792 9 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3792 10 . . . 20467 3793 1 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3793 2 , , , 20467 3793 3 80 80 CD 20467 3793 4 - - SYM 20467 3793 5 82 82 CD 20467 3793 6 White White NNP 20467 3793 7 oak oak NN 20467 3793 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3793 9 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3793 10 alba alba VBZ 20467 3793 11 , , , 20467 3793 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3793 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3793 14 75 75 CD 20467 3793 15 - - SYM 20467 3793 16 77 77 CD 20467 3793 17 Oilnut Oilnut NNP 20467 3793 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3793 19 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 3793 20 cinerea cinerea NNP 20467 3793 21 , , , 20467 3793 22 L. L. NNP 20467 3793 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3793 24 46 46 CD 20467 3793 25 , , , 20467 3793 26 47 47 CD 20467 3793 27 Oldfield Oldfield NNP 20467 3793 28 birch birch NN 20467 3793 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3793 30 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3793 31 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3793 32 , , , 20467 3793 33 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3793 34 . . . 20467 3793 35 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3794 1 66 66 CD 20467 3794 2 - - HYPH 20467 3794 3 68 68 CD 20467 3794 4 = = SYM 20467 3794 5 Oleaceæ.= Oleaceæ.= NNS 20467 3794 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3794 7 Olive Olive NNP 20467 3794 8 family family NN 20467 3794 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3794 10 162 162 CD 20467 3794 11 - - SYM 20467 3794 12 168 168 CD 20467 3794 13 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3794 14 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 3794 15 , , , 20467 3794 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3794 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3794 18 White White NNP 20467 3794 19 ash ash NN 20467 3794 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3794 21 162 162 CD 20467 3794 22 - - HYPH 20467 3794 23 164 164 CD 20467 3794 24 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 3794 25 , , , 20467 3794 26 Borkh Borkh NNP 20467 3794 27 . . . 20467 3795 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3795 2 Green Green NNP 20467 3795 3 ash ash NN 20467 3795 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3795 5 166 166 CD 20467 3795 6 , , , 20467 3795 7 172 172 CD 20467 3795 8 nigra nigra NN 20467 3795 9 , , , 20467 3795 10 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3795 11 . . . 20467 3796 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3796 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3796 3 , , , 20467 3796 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3796 5 , , , 20467 3796 6 Basket Basket NNP 20467 3796 7 , , , 20467 3796 8 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3796 9 , , , 20467 3796 10 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3796 11 ash ash NN 20467 3796 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3796 13 167 167 CD 20467 3796 14 , , , 20467 3796 15 168 168 CD 20467 3796 16 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 3796 17 , , , 20467 3796 18 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3796 19 . . . 20467 3797 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3797 2 Red Red NNP 20467 3797 3 , , , 20467 3797 4 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3797 5 , , , 20467 3797 6 River River NNP 20467 3797 7 ash ash NN 20467 3797 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3797 9 164 164 CD 20467 3797 10 , , , 20467 3797 11 165 165 CD 20467 3797 12 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 20467 3797 13 , , , 20467 3797 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3797 15 var var NN 20467 3797 16 . . . 20467 3797 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3797 18 lanceolata lanceolata NN 20467 3797 19 , , , 20467 3797 20 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3797 21 . . . 20467 3798 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3798 2 Green Green NNP 20467 3798 3 ash ash NN 20467 3798 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3798 5 166 166 CD 20467 3798 6 , , , 20467 3798 7 172 172 CD 20467 3798 8 pubescens pubescen NNS 20467 3798 9 , , , 20467 3798 10 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3798 11 . . . 20467 3799 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3799 2 Red Red NNP 20467 3799 3 , , , 20467 3799 4 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3799 5 , , , 20467 3799 6 River River NNP 20467 3799 7 ash ash NN 20467 3799 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3799 9 164 164 CD 20467 3799 10 , , , 20467 3799 11 165 165 CD 20467 3799 12 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3799 13 , , , 20467 3799 14 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3799 15 . . . 20467 3800 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3800 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3800 3 , , , 20467 3800 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3800 5 , , , 20467 3800 6 Basket Basket NNP 20467 3800 7 , , , 20467 3800 8 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3800 9 , , , 20467 3800 10 Brown Brown NNP 20467 3800 11 ash ash NN 20467 3800 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3800 13 167 167 CD 20467 3800 14 , , , 20467 3800 15 168 168 CD 20467 3800 16 viridis viridis NN 20467 3800 17 , , , 20467 3800 18 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3800 19 . . . 20467 3801 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3801 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3801 3 Green Green NNP 20467 3801 4 ash ash NN 20467 3801 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3801 6 166 166 CD 20467 3801 7 Olive Olive NNP 20467 3801 8 family family NN 20467 3801 9 . . . 20467 3802 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3802 2 = = NFP 20467 3802 3 Oleaceæ= oleaceæ= XX 20467 3802 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3802 5 162 162 CD 20467 3802 6 - - SYM 20467 3802 7 168 168 CD 20467 3802 8 Osier Osier NNP 20467 3802 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3802 10 Cornus Cornus NNP 20467 3802 11 alternifolia alternifolia NNP 20467 3802 12 , , , 20467 3802 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3802 14 f. f. NNP 20467 3802 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3802 16 157 157 CD 20467 3802 17 , , , 20467 3802 18 158 158 CD 20467 3802 19 Ostrya Ostrya NNP 20467 3802 20 Virginica Virginica NNP 20467 3802 21 , , , 20467 3802 22 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3802 23 . . . 20467 3803 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3803 2 Hop Hop NNP 20467 3803 3 hornbeam hornbeam NN 20467 3803 4 , , , 20467 3803 5 Ironwood Ironwood NNP 20467 3803 6 , , , 20467 3803 7 Leverwood Leverwood NNP 20467 3803 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3803 9 57 57 CD 20467 3803 10 , , , 20467 3803 11 58 58 CD 20467 3803 12 Over over IN 20467 3803 13 - - HYPH 20467 3803 14 cup cup NNP 20467 3803 15 oak oak NN 20467 3803 16 . . . 20467 3804 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3804 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3804 3 macrocarpa macrocarpa NN 20467 3804 4 , , , 20467 3804 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3804 6 . . . 20467 3804 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3805 1 79 79 CD 20467 3805 2 , , , 20467 3805 3 80 80 CD 20467 3805 4 P p NN 20467 3805 5 Paper Paper NNP 20467 3805 6 birch birch NN 20467 3805 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3805 8 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3805 9 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3805 10 , , , 20467 3805 11 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3805 12 . . . 20467 3805 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3806 1 68 68 CD 20467 3806 2 - - SYM 20467 3806 3 70 70 CD 20467 3806 4 Pear Pear NNP 20467 3806 5 tree tree NN 20467 3806 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3806 7 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3806 8 communis communis NNP 20467 3806 9 , , , 20467 3806 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3806 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3806 12 115 115 CD 20467 3806 13 Pepperidge Pepperidge NNP 20467 3806 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3806 15 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3806 16 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 3806 17 , , , 20467 3806 18 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3806 19 . . . 20467 3806 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3807 1 159 159 CD 20467 3807 2 , , , 20467 3807 3 160 160 CD 20467 3807 4 Persimmon Persimmon NNP 20467 3807 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3807 6 Diospyros Diospyros NNP 20467 3807 7 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3807 8 , , , 20467 3807 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3807 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3807 11 160 160 CD 20467 3807 12 - - SYM 20467 3807 13 162 162 CD 20467 3807 14 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3807 15 alba alba NNS 20467 3807 16 , , , 20467 3807 17 Link Link NNP 20467 3807 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3807 19 White White NNP 20467 3807 20 spruce spruce NN 20467 3807 21 _ _ NNP 20467 3807 22 16 16 CD 20467 3807 23 - - SYM 20467 3807 24 18 18 CD 20467 3807 25 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3807 26 , , , 20467 3807 27 B. B. NNP 20467 3807 28 S. S. NNP 20467 3807 29 P. P. NNP 20467 3807 30 _ _ NNP 20467 3807 31 White White NNP 20467 3807 32 spruce spruce NN 20467 3807 33 _ _ NNP 20467 3807 34 16 16 CD 20467 3807 35 - - SYM 20467 3807 36 18 18 CD 20467 3807 37 nigra nigra NN 20467 3807 38 , , , 20467 3807 39 Link Link NNP 20467 3807 40 . . . 20467 3808 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3808 3 spruce spruce NN 20467 3808 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 5 12 12 CD 20467 3808 6 - - SYM 20467 3808 7 14 14 CD 20467 3808 8 nigra nigra NN 20467 3808 9 , , , 20467 3808 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 11 var var NN 20467 3808 12 . . . 20467 3808 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 14 semiprostrata semiprostrata NN 20467 3808 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 16 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3808 17 black black JJ 20467 3808 18 spruce spruce NN 20467 3808 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 20 12 12 CD 20467 3808 21 rubra rubra NN 20467 3808 22 , , , 20467 3808 23 Link Link NNP 20467 3808 24 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 25 Red Red NNP 20467 3808 26 spruce spruce NN 20467 3808 27 _ _ NNP 20467 3808 28 15 15 CD 20467 3808 29 , , , 20467 3808 30 16 16 CD 20467 3808 31 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 20467 3808 32 cherry cherry NN 20467 3808 33 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3808 34 Primus Primus NNP 20467 3808 35 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3808 36 , , , 20467 3808 37 L. L. NNP 20467 3808 38 f. f. NNP 20467 3808 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3808 40 124 124 CD 20467 3808 41 , , , 20467 3808 42 125 125 CD 20467 3808 43 Pignut Pignut NNP 20467 3808 44 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3808 45 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3808 46 porcina porcina NNP 20467 3808 47 , , , 20467 3808 48 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3808 49 . . . 20467 3808 50 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3809 1 53 53 CD 20467 3809 2 - - SYM 20467 3809 3 55 55 CD 20467 3809 4 Pin pin NN 20467 3809 5 cherry cherry NN 20467 3809 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3809 7 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3809 8 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3809 9 , , , 20467 3809 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3809 11 f. f. NNP 20467 3809 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3809 13 124 124 CD 20467 3809 14 , , , 20467 3809 15 125 125 CD 20467 3809 16 oak oak NN 20467 3809 17 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3809 18 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3809 19 palustris palustri NNS 20467 3809 20 , , , 20467 3809 21 Du Du NNP 20467 3809 22 Roi Roi NNP 20467 3809 23 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3809 24 91 91 CD 20467 3809 25 - - HYPH 20467 3809 26 93 93 CD 20467 3809 27 Pine Pine NNP 20467 3809 28 family family NN 20467 3809 29 : : : 20467 3809 30 Conifers conifer NNS 20467 3809 31 . . . 20467 3810 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3810 2 = = SYM 20467 3810 3 Pinoideæ= pinoideæ= FW 20467 3810 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3810 5 1 1 CD 20467 3810 6 - - SYM 20467 3810 7 28 28 CD 20467 3810 8 Pine Pine NNP 20467 3810 9 . . . 20467 3811 1 Jack Jack NNP 20467 3811 2 , , , 20467 3811 3 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3811 4 , , , 20467 3811 5 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3811 6 , , , 20467 3811 7 Spruce spruce VB 20467 3811 8 pine pine NN 20467 3811 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3811 10 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3811 11 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 3811 12 , , , 20467 3811 13 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 3811 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3811 15 8 8 CD 20467 3811 16 , , , 20467 3811 17 9 9 CD 20467 3811 18 Pitch Pitch NNP 20467 3811 19 , , , 20467 3811 20 Hard hard JJ 20467 3811 21 pine pine NN 20467 3811 22 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3811 23 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3811 24 rigida rigida NN 20467 3811 25 , , , 20467 3811 26 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3811 27 . . . 20467 3811 28 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3812 1 6 6 CD 20467 3812 2 , , , 20467 3812 3 7 7 CD 20467 3812 4 Red Red NNP 20467 3812 5 , , , 20467 3812 6 Norway Norway NNP 20467 3812 7 pine pine NN 20467 3812 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3812 9 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3812 10 resinosa resinosa NNS 20467 3812 11 , , , 20467 3812 12 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3812 13 . . . 20467 3812 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3813 1 10 10 CD 20467 3813 2 , , , 20467 3813 3 11 11 CD 20467 3813 4 Scotch scotch NN 20467 3813 5 pine pine NN 20467 3813 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3813 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3813 8 dit dit NN 20467 3813 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3813 10 incorrectly incorrectly RB 20467 3813 11 Scotch scotch NN 20467 3813 12 fir fir NN 20467 3813 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3813 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3813 15 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3813 16 sylvestris sylvestris NNP 20467 3813 17 , , , 20467 3813 18 L. L. NNP 20467 3813 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3813 20 11 11 CD 20467 3813 21 , , , 20467 3813 22 12 12 CD 20467 3813 23 White white JJ 20467 3813 24 pine pine NN 20467 3813 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3813 26 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3813 27 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 3813 28 , , , 20467 3813 29 L. L. NNP 20467 3813 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3813 31 4 4 CD 20467 3813 32 - - SYM 20467 3813 33 6 6 CD 20467 3813 34 = = SYM 20467 3813 35 Pinoideæ.= Pinoideæ.= NNS 20467 3813 36 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3813 37 Pine Pine NNP 20467 3813 38 family family NN 20467 3813 39 : : : 20467 3813 40 Conifers conifer NNS 20467 3813 41 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3813 42 1 1 CD 20467 3813 43 - - SYM 20467 3813 44 28 28 CD 20467 3813 45 = = SYM 20467 3813 46 Abietaceæ.= Abietaceæ.= NNP 20467 3813 47 1 1 CD 20467 3813 48 - - SYM 20467 3813 49 22 22 CD 20467 3813 50 Abies Abies NNPS 20467 3813 51 balsamea balsamea NN 20467 3813 52 , , , 20467 3813 53 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3813 54 . . . 20467 3814 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3814 2 Fir Fir NNP 20467 3814 3 balsam balsam NN 20467 3814 4 , , , 20467 3814 5 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3814 6 , , , 20467 3814 7 Fir Fir NNP 20467 3814 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3814 9 20 20 CD 20467 3814 10 - - SYM 20467 3814 11 22 22 CD 20467 3814 12 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3814 13 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3814 14 , , , 20467 3814 15 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3814 16 . . . 20467 3815 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3815 2 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 20467 3815 3 , , , 20467 3815 4 Hacmatack Hacmatack NNP 20467 3815 5 , , , 20467 3815 6 Larch Larch NNP 20467 3815 7 , , , 20467 3815 8 Juniper Juniper NNP 20467 3815 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3815 10 2 2 CD 20467 3815 11 - - SYM 20467 3815 12 4 4 CD 20467 3815 13 laricina laricina NN 20467 3815 14 , , , 20467 3815 15 Koch Koch NNP 20467 3815 16 . . . 20467 3816 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3816 2 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 20467 3816 3 , , , 20467 3816 4 Hacmatack Hacmatack NNP 20467 3816 5 , , , 20467 3816 6 Larch Larch NNP 20467 3816 7 , , , 20467 3816 8 Juniper Juniper NNP 20467 3816 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3816 10 2 2 CD 20467 3816 11 - - SYM 20467 3816 12 4 4 CD 20467 3816 13 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3816 14 alba alba NNS 20467 3816 15 , , , 20467 3816 16 Link Link NNP 20467 3816 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3816 18 White White NNP 20467 3816 19 , , , 20467 3816 20 Cat Cat NNP 20467 3816 21 , , , 20467 3816 22 Skunk Skunk NNP 20467 3816 23 , , , 20467 3816 24 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 3816 25 spruce spruce VBP 20467 3816 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3816 27 16 16 CD 20467 3816 28 - - SYM 20467 3816 29 18 18 CD 20467 3816 30 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3816 31 , , , 20467 3816 32 B.S.P. B.S.P. NNP 20467 3817 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3817 2 White White NNP 20467 3817 3 , , , 20467 3817 4 Cat Cat NNP 20467 3817 5 , , , 20467 3817 6 Skunk Skunk NNP 20467 3817 7 , , , 20467 3817 8 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 3817 9 spruce spruce VBP 20467 3817 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3817 11 16 16 CD 20467 3817 12 - - SYM 20467 3817 13 18 18 CD 20467 3817 14 nigra nigra NN 20467 3817 15 , , , 20467 3817 16 Link Link NNP 20467 3817 17 . . . 20467 3818 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3818 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3818 3 , , , 20467 3818 4 Double double JJ 20467 3818 5 , , , 20467 3818 6 Swamp swamp NN 20467 3818 7 , , , 20467 3818 8 Water Water NNP 20467 3818 9 spruce spruce NN 20467 3818 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3818 11 12 12 CD 20467 3818 12 - - SYM 20467 3818 13 14 14 CD 20467 3818 14 rubra rubra NN 20467 3818 15 , , , 20467 3818 16 Link Link NNP 20467 3818 17 . . . 20467 3819 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3819 2 Red Red NNP 20467 3819 3 spruce spruce NN 20467 3819 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3819 5 15 15 CD 20467 3819 6 , , , 20467 3819 7 16 16 CD 20467 3819 8 semiprostrata semiprostrata NNS 20467 3819 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3819 10 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3819 11 black black JJ 20467 3819 12 spruce spruce NN 20467 3819 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3819 14 12 12 CD 20467 3819 15 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3819 16 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 3819 17 , , , 20467 3819 18 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 3819 19 . . . 20467 3820 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3820 2 Jack Jack NNP 20467 3820 3 , , , 20467 3820 4 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3820 5 , , , 20467 3820 6 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3820 7 , , , 20467 3820 8 Spruce spruce VB 20467 3820 9 pine pine NN 20467 3820 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3820 11 8 8 CD 20467 3820 12 , , , 20467 3820 13 9 9 CD 20467 3820 14 resinosa resinosa NN 20467 3820 15 , , , 20467 3820 16 Ait ait RB 20467 3820 17 . . . 20467 3821 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3821 2 Red Red NNP 20467 3821 3 , , , 20467 3821 4 Norway Norway NNP 20467 3821 5 pine pine NN 20467 3821 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3821 7 10 10 CD 20467 3821 8 , , , 20467 3821 9 11 11 CD 20467 3821 10 rigida rigida NN 20467 3821 11 , , , 20467 3821 12 Mill Mill NNP 20467 3821 13 . . . 20467 3822 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3822 2 Pitch Pitch NNP 20467 3822 3 , , , 20467 3822 4 Hard hard JJ 20467 3822 5 pine pine NN 20467 3822 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3822 7 6 6 CD 20467 3822 8 , , , 20467 3822 9 7 7 CD 20467 3822 10 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 3822 11 , , , 20467 3822 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3822 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3822 14 White White NNP 20467 3822 15 pine pine NN 20467 3822 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3822 17 4 4 CD 20467 3822 18 - - SYM 20467 3822 19 6 6 CD 20467 3822 20 sylvestris sylvestris NN 20467 3822 21 , , , 20467 3822 22 L. L. NNP 20467 3822 23 _ _ NNP 20467 3822 24 Scotch Scotch NNP 20467 3822 25 pine pine NN 20467 3822 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3822 27 11 11 CD 20467 3822 28 , , , 20467 3822 29 12 12 CD 20467 3822 30 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 20467 3822 31 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3822 32 , , , 20467 3822 33 Carr Carr NNP 20467 3822 34 . . . 20467 3823 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3823 2 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 20467 3823 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3823 4 19 19 CD 20467 3823 5 , , , 20467 3823 6 20 20 CD 20467 3823 7 = = SYM 20467 3823 8 Cupressaceæ.= Cupressaceæ.= NNS 20467 3823 9 2 2 CD 20467 3823 10 , , , 20467 3823 11 23 23 CD 20467 3823 12 - - SYM 20467 3823 13 28 28 CD 20467 3823 14 Chamæcyparis Chamæcyparis NNP 20467 3823 15 sphæroidea sphæroidea NN 20467 3823 16 , , , 20467 3823 17 Spach Spach NNP 20467 3823 18 . . . 20467 3824 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 2 White white JJ 20467 3824 3 cedar cedar NN 20467 3824 4 , , , 20467 3824 5 Cedar Cedar NNP 20467 3824 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 7 25 25 CD 20467 3824 8 , , , 20467 3824 9 26 26 CD 20467 3824 10 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 3824 11 , , , 20467 3824 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3824 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 14 White White NNP 20467 3824 15 cedar cedar NN 20467 3824 16 , , , 20467 3824 17 Cedar Cedar NNP 20467 3824 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 19 25 25 CD 20467 3824 20 , , , 20467 3824 21 26 26 CD 20467 3824 22 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 3824 23 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3824 24 , , , 20467 3824 25 L. L. NNP 20467 3824 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 27 Red Red NNP 20467 3824 28 cedar cedar NN 20467 3824 29 , , , 20467 3824 30 Savin Savin NNP 20467 3824 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 32 26 26 CD 20467 3824 33 - - SYM 20467 3824 34 28 28 CD 20467 3824 35 Thuja Thuja NNP 20467 3824 36 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3824 37 , , , 20467 3824 38 L. L. NNP 20467 3824 39 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 40 Arbor Arbor NNP 20467 3824 41 - - HYPH 20467 3824 42 vitæ vitæ NNP 20467 3824 43 , , , 20467 3824 44 White white JJ 20467 3824 45 cedar cedar NN 20467 3824 46 _ _ NNP 20467 3824 47 23 23 CD 20467 3824 48 , , , 20467 3824 49 24 24 CD 20467 3824 50 Pitch Pitch NNP 20467 3824 51 pine pine NN 20467 3824 52 . . . 20467 3825 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3825 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3825 3 rigida rigida NN 20467 3825 4 . . . 20467 3826 1 Mill mill NN 20467 3826 2 . . . 20467 3826 3 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3827 1 6 6 CD 20467 3827 2 , , , 20467 3827 3 7 7 CD 20467 3827 4 Plane Plane NNP 20467 3827 5 tree tree NN 20467 3827 6 family family NN 20467 3827 7 . . . 20467 3828 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3828 2 = = SYM 20467 3828 3 Platanaceæ= platanaceæ= CD 20467 3828 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3828 5 110 110 CD 20467 3828 6 , , , 20467 3828 7 111 111 CD 20467 3828 8 = = SYM 20467 3828 9 Platanaceæ.= Platanaceæ.= NNS 20467 3828 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3828 11 Plane plane NN 20467 3828 12 tree tree NN 20467 3828 13 family family NN 20467 3828 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3828 15 110 110 CD 20467 3828 16 , , , 20467 3828 17 111 111 CD 20467 3828 18 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 3828 19 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3828 20 , , , 20467 3828 21 L. L. NNP 20467 3828 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3828 23 Buttonwood Buttonwood NNP 20467 3828 24 , , , 20467 3828 25 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 20467 3828 26 . . . 20467 3829 1 Buttonball Buttonball NNP 20467 3829 2 , , , 20467 3829 3 Plane plane NN 20467 3829 4 tree tree NN 20467 3829 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3829 6 110 110 CD 20467 3829 7 , , , 20467 3829 8 111 111 CD 20467 3829 9 Plum Plum NNP 20467 3829 10 family family NN 20467 3829 11 . . . 20467 3830 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3830 2 = = SYM 20467 3830 3 Drupaceæ= drupaceæ= NN 20467 3830 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3830 5 122 122 CD 20467 3830 6 - - SYM 20467 3830 7 128 128 CD 20467 3830 8 Plum Plum NNP 20467 3830 9 , , , 20467 3830 10 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3830 11 plum plum NN 20467 3830 12 . . . 20467 3831 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3831 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3831 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3831 4 , , , 20467 3831 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3831 6 . . . 20467 3831 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3832 1 123 123 CD 20467 3832 2 , , , 20467 3832 3 124 124 CD 20467 3832 4 , , , 20467 3832 5 171 171 CD 20467 3832 6 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3832 7 , , , 20467 3832 8 Red Red NNP 20467 3832 9 , , , 20467 3832 10 Horse Horse NNP 20467 3832 11 , , , 20467 3832 12 Canada Canada NNP 20467 3832 13 plum plum NN 20467 3832 14 . . . 20467 3833 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3833 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3833 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3833 4 , , , 20467 3833 5 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3833 6 . . . 20467 3833 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3834 1 122 122 CD 20467 3834 2 , , , 20467 3834 3 123 123 CD 20467 3834 4 , , , 20467 3834 5 171 171 CD 20467 3834 6 Poison poison NN 20467 3834 7 elder elder NN 20467 3834 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3834 9 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3834 10 vernix vernix NNP 20467 3834 11 . . . 20467 3835 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3835 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3835 3 136 136 CD 20467 3835 4 , , , 20467 3835 5 137 137 CD 20467 3835 6 ivy ivy NN 20467 3835 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3835 8 Rhus rhus NN 20467 3835 9 toxicodendron toxicodendron JJ 20467 3835 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3835 11 137 137 CD 20467 3835 12 sumac sumac NN 20467 3835 13 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3835 14 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3835 15 vernix vernix NNP 20467 3835 16 , , , 20467 3835 17 L. L. NNP 20467 3835 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3835 19 136 136 CD 20467 3835 20 , , , 20467 3835 21 137 137 CD 20467 3835 22 = = SYM 20467 3835 23 Pomaceæ.= Pomaceæ.= NNP 20467 3835 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3835 25 Apple Apple NNP 20467 3835 26 family family NN 20467 3835 27 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3835 28 112 112 CD 20467 3835 29 - - SYM 20467 3835 30 121 121 CD 20467 3835 31 Amelanchier Amelanchier NNP 20467 3835 32 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3835 33 , , , 20467 3835 34 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3835 35 . . . 20467 3836 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3836 2 Shadbush Shadbush NNP 20467 3836 3 , , , 20467 3836 4 June June NNP 20467 3836 5 - - HYPH 20467 3836 6 berry berry NNP 20467 3836 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3836 8 116 116 CD 20467 3836 9 , , , 20467 3836 10 117 117 CD 20467 3836 11 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3836 12 Arnoldiana Arnoldiana NNP 20467 3836 13 , , , 20467 3836 14 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3836 15 . . NNP 20467 3836 16 , , , 20467 3836 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3836 18 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3836 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3836 20 121 121 CD 20467 3836 21 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3836 22 , , , 20467 3836 23 L l NN 20467 3836 24 , , , 20467 3836 25 . . . 20467 3837 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 2 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3837 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 4 118 118 CD 20467 3837 5 , , , 20467 3837 6 119 119 CD 20467 3837 7 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3837 8 , , , 20467 3837 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 10 var var NN 20467 3837 11 . . . 20467 3837 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 13 mollis mollis NNP 20467 3837 14 , , , 20467 3837 15 T. T. NNP 20467 3837 16 & & CC 20467 3837 17 G. G. NNP 20467 3837 18 120 120 CD 20467 3837 19 , , , 20467 3837 20 121 121 CD 20467 3837 21 Crus Crus NNP 20467 3837 22 - - HYPH 20467 3837 23 Galli Galli NNP 20467 3837 24 , , , 20467 3837 25 L. L. NNP 20467 3837 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 27 Cockspur Cockspur NNP 20467 3837 28 thorn thorn NN 20467 3837 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 30 117 117 CD 20467 3837 31 , , , 20467 3837 32 118 118 CD 20467 3837 33 , , , 20467 3837 34 171 171 CD 20467 3837 35 mollis mollis NNPS 20467 3837 36 , , , 20467 3837 37 Scheele Scheele NNP 20467 3837 38 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 39 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3837 40 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 41 120 120 CD 20467 3837 42 , , , 20467 3837 43 121 121 CD 20467 3837 44 punctata punctata NNS 20467 3837 45 , , , 20467 3837 46 Jacq Jacq NNP 20467 3837 47 ..... ..... . 20467 3837 48 _Cockspur _Cockspur NNP 20467 3837 49 thorn thorn VBN 20467 3837 50 _ _ NNP 20467 3837 51 118 118 CD 20467 3837 52 submollis submolli NNS 20467 3837 53 , , , 20467 3837 54 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3837 55 . . . 20467 3838 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3838 2 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3838 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3838 4 121 121 CD 20467 3838 5 subvillosa subvillosa NN 20467 3838 6 , , , 20467 3838 7 Schr Schr NNP 20467 3838 8 . . . 20467 3839 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3839 2 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3839 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3839 4 120 120 CD 20467 3839 5 , , , 20467 3839 6 121 121 CD 20467 3839 7 Malus malus JJ 20467 3839 8 malus malus NN 20467 3839 9 , , , 20467 3839 10 Britton Britton NNP 20467 3839 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3839 12 Apple Apple NNP 20467 3839 13 tree tree NN 20467 3839 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3839 15 115 115 CD 20467 3839 16 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3839 17 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3839 18 , , , 20467 3839 19 DC DC NNP 20467 3839 20 . . . 20467 3840 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3840 3 ash ash NN 20467 3840 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 5 112 112 CD 20467 3840 6 , , , 20467 3840 7 113 113 CD 20467 3840 8 aucuparia aucuparia RB 20467 3840 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 10 European european JJ 20467 3840 11 mountain mountain NN 20467 3840 12 ash ash NN 20467 3840 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 14 113 113 CD 20467 3840 15 , , , 20467 3840 16 115 115 CD 20467 3840 17 communis communis NN 20467 3840 18 , , , 20467 3840 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3840 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 21 Pear Pear NNP 20467 3840 22 tree tree NN 20467 3840 23 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 24 115 115 CD 20467 3840 25 malus malus NN 20467 3840 26 , , , 20467 3840 27 L. L. NNP 20467 3840 28 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 29 Apple Apple NNP 20467 3840 30 tree tree NN 20467 3840 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3840 32 115 115 CD 20467 3840 33 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3840 34 , , , 20467 3840 35 Cham Cham NNP 20467 3840 36 . . . 20467 3841 1 & & CC 20467 3841 2 Schlecht Schlecht NNP 20467 3841 3 . . . 20467 3842 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3842 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3842 3 ash ash NN 20467 3842 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3842 5 113 113 CD 20467 3842 6 - - SYM 20467 3842 7 115 115 CD 20467 3842 8 Sorbus Sorbus NNP 20467 3842 9 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 3842 10 , , , 20467 3842 11 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3842 12 . . . 20467 3843 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3843 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3843 3 ash ash NN 20467 3843 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3843 5 112 112 CD 20467 3843 6 , , , 20467 3843 7 113 113 CD 20467 3843 8 sambucifolia sambucifolia NNS 20467 3843 9 , , , 20467 3843 10 R[oe]m R[oe]m NNP 20467 3843 11 . . . 20467 3843 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3843 13 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3843 14 ash ash NN 20467 3843 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3843 16 113 113 CD 20467 3843 17 , , , 20467 3843 18 115 115 CD 20467 3843 19 Poplar poplar JJ 20467 3843 20 , , , 20467 3843 21 Tulip Tulip NNP 20467 3843 22 tree tree NN 20467 3843 23 , , , 20467 3843 24 White white JJ 20467 3843 25 wood wood NN 20467 3843 26 . . . 20467 3844 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3844 2 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 3844 3 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 3844 4 , , , 20467 3844 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3844 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3844 7 104 104 CD 20467 3844 8 - - HYPH 20467 3844 9 106 106 CD 20467 3844 10 Aspen Aspen NNP 20467 3844 11 . . . 20467 3845 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3845 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3845 3 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 3845 4 , , , 20467 3845 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3845 6 . . . 20467 3845 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3846 1 29 29 CD 20467 3846 2 , , , 20467 3846 3 30 30 CD 20467 3846 4 Balsam Balsam NNPS 20467 3846 5 , , , 20467 3846 6 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3846 7 of of IN 20467 3846 8 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3846 9 . . . 20467 3847 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3847 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3847 3 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3847 4 . . . 20467 3848 1 L. L. NNP 20467 3848 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3848 3 36 36 CD 20467 3848 4 , , , 20467 3848 5 37 37 CD 20467 3848 6 Cottonwood cottonwood NN 20467 3848 7 . . . 20467 3849 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3849 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3849 3 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 3849 4 , , , 20467 3849 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3849 6 . . . 20467 3849 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3850 1 34 34 CD 20467 3850 2 , , , 20467 3850 3 35 35 CD 20467 3850 4 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3850 5 , , , 20467 3850 6 Large large JJ 20467 3850 7 - - HYPH 20467 3850 8 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3850 9 aspen aspen NN 20467 3850 10 . . . 20467 3851 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3851 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3851 3 grandidentata grandidentata NN 20467 3851 4 , , , 20467 3851 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3851 6 . . . 20467 3851 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3852 1 31 31 CD 20467 3852 2 , , , 20467 3852 3 32 32 CD 20467 3852 4 Swamp swamp NN 20467 3852 5 poplar poplar NN 20467 3852 6 , , , 20467 3852 7 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3852 8 , , , 20467 3852 9 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3852 10 . . . 20467 3853 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3853 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3853 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3853 4 , , , 20467 3853 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3853 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3853 7 33 33 CD 20467 3853 8 , , , 20467 3853 9 34 34 CD 20467 3853 10 White white JJ 20467 3853 11 , , , 20467 3853 12 Silver silver NN 20467 3853 13 - - HYPH 20467 3853 14 leaved leave VBN 20467 3853 15 poplar poplar NN 20467 3853 16 . . . 20467 3854 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3854 2 Populus populus JJ 20467 3854 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3854 4 , , , 20467 3854 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3854 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3854 7 39 39 CD 20467 3854 8 , , , 20467 3854 9 40 40 CD 20467 3854 10 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3854 11 birch birch NN 20467 3854 12 . . . 20467 3855 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3855 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3855 3 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3855 4 , , , 20467 3855 5 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3855 6 . . . 20467 3855 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3856 1 66 66 CD 20467 3856 2 - - SYM 20467 3856 3 68 68 CD 20467 3856 4 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3856 5 alba alba NNS 20467 3856 6 , , , 20467 3856 7 L. L. NNP 20467 3856 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3856 9 Abele Abele NNP 20467 3856 10 , , , 20467 3856 11 White White NNP 20467 3856 12 , , , 20467 3856 13 Silver silver NN 20467 3856 14 - - HYPH 20467 3856 15 leaved leave VBN 20467 3856 16 poplar poplar NN 20467 3856 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3856 18 39 39 CD 20467 3856 19 , , , 20467 3856 20 40 40 CD 20467 3856 21 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3856 22 , , , 20467 3856 23 L. L. NNP 20467 3856 24 _ _ NNP 20467 3856 25 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3856 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3856 27 3 3 CD 20467 3856 28 , , , 20467 3856 29 36 36 CD 20467 3856 30 , , , 20467 3856 31 37 37 CD 20467 3856 32 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3856 33 , , , 20467 3856 34 _ _ NNP 20467 3856 35 var var NN 20467 3856 36 . . . 20467 3856 37 _ _ NNP 20467 3856 38 candicans candican NNS 20467 3856 39 , , , 20467 3856 40 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3856 41 . . . 20467 3857 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 2 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3857 3 of of IN 20467 3857 4 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3857 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 6 37 37 CD 20467 3857 7 - - SYM 20467 3857 8 39 39 CD 20467 3857 9 , , , 20467 3857 10 171 171 CD 20467 3857 11 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3857 12 , , , 20467 3857 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 14 var var NN 20467 3857 15 . . . 20467 3857 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 17 intermedia intermedia NNP 20467 3857 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 19 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3857 20 , , , 20467 3857 21 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3857 22 , , , 20467 3857 23 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3857 24 of of IN 20467 3857 25 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3857 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 27 36 36 CD 20467 3857 28 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3857 29 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3857 30 , , , 20467 3857 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 32 var var NN 20467 3857 33 . . . 20467 3857 34 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 35 latifolia latifolia NNP 20467 3857 36 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 37 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3857 38 , , , 20467 3857 39 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3857 40 , , , 20467 3857 41 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3857 42 of of IN 20467 3857 43 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3857 44 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 45 36 36 CD 20467 3857 46 candicans candican NNS 20467 3857 47 , , , 20467 3857 48 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3857 49 . . . 20467 3857 50 , , , 20467 3857 51 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 52 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3857 53 of of IN 20467 3857 54 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3857 55 _ _ NNP 20467 3857 56 37 37 CD 20467 3857 57 - - SYM 20467 3857 58 39 39 CD 20467 3857 59 , , , 20467 3857 60 171 171 CD 20467 3857 61 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 3857 62 , , , 20467 3857 63 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3857 64 . . . 20467 3858 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3858 2 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3858 3 , , , 20467 3858 4 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3858 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3858 6 34 34 CD 20467 3858 7 , , , 20467 3858 8 35 35 CD 20467 3858 9 grandidentata grandidentata NN 20467 3858 10 , , , 20467 3858 11 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3858 12 . . . 20467 3859 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3859 2 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3859 3 , , , 20467 3859 4 Large large JJ 20467 3859 5 - - HYPH 20467 3859 6 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3859 7 aspen aspen NN 20467 3859 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3859 9 31 31 CD 20467 3859 10 , , , 20467 3859 11 32 32 CD 20467 3859 12 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3859 13 , , , 20467 3859 14 L. L. NNP 20467 3859 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3859 16 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3859 17 poplar poplar NN 20467 3859 18 , , , 20467 3859 19 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3859 20 , , , 20467 3859 21 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3859 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3859 23 33 33 CD 20467 3859 24 , , , 20467 3859 25 34 34 CD 20467 3859 26 monilifera monilifera NN 20467 3859 27 , , , 20467 3859 28 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3859 29 . . . 20467 3860 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3860 2 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3860 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3860 4 34 34 CD 20467 3860 5 , , , 20467 3860 6 35 35 CD 20467 3860 7 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 3860 8 , , , 20467 3860 9 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3860 10 . . . 20467 3861 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3861 2 Aspen Aspen NNP 20467 3861 3 , , , 20467 3861 4 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3861 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3861 6 29 29 CD 20467 3861 7 , , , 20467 3861 8 30 30 CD 20467 3861 9 Post post NN 20467 3861 10 oak oak NN 20467 3861 11 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3861 12 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3861 13 stellata stellata NN 20467 3861 14 , , , 20467 3861 15 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3861 16 . . . 20467 3861 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3862 1 77 77 CD 20467 3862 2 , , , 20467 3862 3 78 78 CD 20467 3862 4 Poverty poverty NN 20467 3862 5 birch birch NN 20467 3862 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3862 7 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3862 8 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3862 9 , , , 20467 3862 10 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3862 11 . . . 20467 3862 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3863 1 66 66 CD 20467 3863 2 - - HYPH 20467 3863 3 68 68 CD 20467 3863 4 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3863 5 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 3863 6 , , , 20467 3863 7 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3863 8 . . . 20467 3864 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3864 2 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3864 3 plum plum NN 20467 3864 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3864 5 123 123 CD 20467 3864 6 , , , 20467 3864 7 124 124 CD 20467 3864 8 , , , 20467 3864 9 171 171 CD 20467 3864 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3864 11 var var NNP 20467 3864 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3864 13 . . . 20467 3865 1 nigra nigra RB 20467 3865 2 , , , 20467 3865 3 Waugh Waugh NNP 20467 3865 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3865 5 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3865 6 , , , 20467 3865 7 Red Red NNP 20467 3865 8 , , , 20467 3865 9 Horse Horse NNP 20467 3865 10 , , , 20467 3865 11 Canada Canada NNP 20467 3865 12 plum plum NN 20467 3865 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3865 14 122 122 CD 20467 3865 15 , , , 20467 3865 16 123 123 CD 20467 3865 17 , , , 20467 3865 18 171 171 CD 20467 3865 19 Avium Avium NNP 20467 3865 20 , , , 20467 3865 21 L. L. NNP 20467 3865 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3865 23 Mazard Mazard NNP 20467 3865 24 cherry cherry NN 20467 3865 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3865 26 128 128 CD 20467 3865 27 nigra nigra NN 20467 3865 28 , , , 20467 3865 29 Ait ait RB 20467 3865 30 . . . 20467 3866 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3866 2 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3866 3 plum plum NN 20467 3866 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3866 5 122 122 CD 20467 3866 6 , , , 20467 3866 7 123 123 CD 20467 3866 8 , , , 20467 3866 9 171 171 CD 20467 3866 10 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3866 11 , , , 20467 3866 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3866 13 f. f. NNP 20467 3866 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3866 15 Wild Wild NNP 20467 3866 16 red red NN 20467 3866 17 , , , 20467 3866 18 Pin Pin NNP 20467 3866 19 , , , 20467 3866 20 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 20467 3866 21 , , , 20467 3866 22 Bird Bird NNP 20467 3866 23 cherry cherry NN 20467 3866 24 _ _ NNP 20467 3866 25 124 124 CD 20467 3866 26 , , , 20467 3866 27 125 125 CD 20467 3866 28 serotina serotina NN 20467 3866 29 , , , 20467 3866 30 Ehrh ehrh NN 20467 3866 31 . . . 20467 3867 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3867 2 Rum Rum NNP 20467 3867 3 , , , 20467 3867 4 Black Black NNP 20467 3867 5 cherry cherry NN 20467 3867 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3867 7 127 127 CD 20467 3867 8 , , , 20467 3867 9 128 128 CD 20467 3867 10 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3867 11 , , , 20467 3867 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3867 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3867 14 Chokecherry Chokecherry NNP 20467 3867 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3867 16 125 125 CD 20467 3867 17 , , , 20467 3867 18 126 126 CD 20467 3867 19 Pulse pulse NN 20467 3867 20 family family NN 20467 3867 21 . . . 20467 3868 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3868 2 = = SYM 20467 3868 3 Leguminosæ= leguminosæ= NN 20467 3868 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3868 5 129 129 CD 20467 3868 6 - - CD 20467 3868 7 132 132 CD 20467 3868 8 Pussy Pussy NNP 20467 3868 9 willow willow NN 20467 3868 10 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3868 11 Salix salix NN 20467 3868 12 discolor discolor NN 20467 3868 13 , , , 20467 3868 14 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 3868 15 . . . 20467 3868 16 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3869 1 40 40 CD 20467 3869 2 , , , 20467 3869 3 41 41 CD 20467 3869 4 , , , 20467 3869 5 171 171 CD 20467 3869 6 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 20467 3869 7 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3869 8 , , , 20467 3869 9 DC DC NNP 20467 3869 10 . . . 20467 3870 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3870 3 ash ash NN 20467 3870 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 5 112 112 CD 20467 3870 6 , , , 20467 3870 7 113 113 CD 20467 3870 8 aucuparia aucuparia RB 20467 3870 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 10 European european JJ 20467 3870 11 mountain mountain NN 20467 3870 12 ash ash NN 20467 3870 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 14 113 113 CD 20467 3870 15 , , , 20467 3870 16 115 115 CD 20467 3870 17 communis communis NN 20467 3870 18 , , , 20467 3870 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3870 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 21 Pear Pear NNP 20467 3870 22 tree tree NN 20467 3870 23 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 24 115 115 CD 20467 3870 25 malus malus NN 20467 3870 26 , , , 20467 3870 27 L. L. NNP 20467 3870 28 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 29 Apple Apple NNP 20467 3870 30 tree tree NN 20467 3870 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3870 32 115 115 CD 20467 3870 33 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 20467 3870 34 , , , 20467 3870 35 Cham Cham NNP 20467 3870 36 . . . 20467 3871 1 & & CC 20467 3871 2 Schlecht Schlecht NNP 20467 3871 3 . . . 20467 3872 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3872 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3872 3 ash ash NN 20467 3872 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3872 5 113 113 CD 20467 3872 6 - - SYM 20467 3872 7 115 115 CD 20467 3872 8 Q Q NNP 20467 3872 9 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3872 10 acuminata acuminata NN 20467 3872 11 , , , 20467 3872 12 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3872 13 . . . 20467 3873 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3873 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3873 3 oak oak NN 20467 3873 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3873 5 84 84 CD 20467 3873 6 , , , 20467 3873 7 85 85 CD 20467 3873 8 alba alba NNS 20467 3873 9 , , , 20467 3873 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3873 11 _ _ NNP 20467 3873 12 White White NNP 20467 3873 13 oak oak NN 20467 3873 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3873 15 75 75 CD 20467 3873 16 - - SYM 20467 3873 17 77 77 CD 20467 3873 18 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 3873 19 , , , 20467 3873 20 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3873 21 . . . 20467 3874 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3874 2 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3874 3 white white JJ 20467 3874 4 oak oak NN 20467 3874 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3874 6 80 80 CD 20467 3874 7 - - SYM 20467 3874 8 82 82 CD 20467 3874 9 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3874 10 , , , 20467 3874 11 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3874 12 . . . 20467 3875 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3875 2 Scarlet Scarlet NNP 20467 3875 3 oak oak NN 20467 3875 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3875 5 88 88 CD 20467 3875 6 , , , 20467 3875 7 89 89 CD 20467 3875 8 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3875 9 , , , 20467 3875 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3875 11 var var NN 20467 3875 12 . . . 20467 3875 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3875 14 tinctoria tinctoria NNP 20467 3875 15 , , , 20467 3875 16 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3875 17 . . . 20467 3876 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3876 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3876 3 oak oak NN 20467 3876 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3876 5 89 89 CD 20467 3876 6 - - SYM 20467 3876 7 91 91 CD 20467 3876 8 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 3876 9 , , , 20467 3876 10 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3876 11 . . . 20467 3877 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3877 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3877 3 , , , 20467 3877 4 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3877 5 oak oak NN 20467 3877 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3877 7 93 93 CD 20467 3877 8 , , , 20467 3877 9 94 94 CD 20467 3877 10 macrocarpa macrocarpa NN 20467 3877 11 , , , 20467 3877 12 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3877 13 . . . 20467 3878 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3878 2 Bur Bur NNP 20467 3878 3 , , , 20467 3878 4 Over Over NNP 20467 3878 5 - - HYPH 20467 3878 6 cup cup NNP 20467 3878 7 , , , 20467 3878 8 Mossy Mossy NNP 20467 3878 9 - - HYPH 20467 3878 10 cup cup NNP 20467 3878 11 oak oak NNP 20467 3878 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3878 13 79 79 CD 20467 3878 14 , , , 20467 3878 15 80 80 CD 20467 3878 16 minor minor NN 20467 3878 17 , , , 20467 3878 18 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3878 19 . . . 20467 3879 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3879 2 Post Post NNP 20467 3879 3 , , , 20467 3879 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3879 5 white white NNP 20467 3879 6 oak oak NNP 20467 3879 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3879 8 77 77 CD 20467 3879 9 , , , 20467 3879 10 78 78 CD 20467 3879 11 Muhlenbergii Muhlenbergii NNP 20467 3879 12 , , , 20467 3879 13 Engelm Engelm NNP 20467 3879 14 . . . 20467 3880 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3880 2 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3880 3 oak oak NN 20467 3880 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3880 5 84 84 CD 20467 3880 6 , , , 20467 3880 7 85 85 CD 20467 3880 8 nana nana NNS 20467 3880 9 , , , 20467 3880 10 Sarg Sarg NNP 20467 3880 11 . . . 20467 3881 1 .... .... NFP 20467 3881 2 _ _ NNP 20467 3881 3 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3881 4 , , , 20467 3881 5 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3881 6 oak oak NN 20467 3881 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3881 8 93 93 CD 20467 3881 9 , , , 20467 3881 10 94 94 CD 20467 3881 11 obtusiloba obtusiloba NN 20467 3881 12 , , , 20467 3881 13 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3881 14 . . . 20467 3882 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3882 2 Post Post NNP 20467 3882 3 , , , 20467 3882 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3882 5 white white NNP 20467 3882 6 oak oak NNP 20467 3882 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3882 8 77 77 CD 20467 3882 9 , , , 20467 3882 10 78 78 CD 20467 3882 11 palustris palustris NN 20467 3882 12 , , , 20467 3882 13 Du Du NNP 20467 3882 14 Roi Roi NNP 20467 3882 15 . . . 20467 3883 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3883 2 Pin Pin NNP 20467 3883 3 , , , 20467 3883 4 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3883 5 , , , 20467 3883 6 Water Water NNP 20467 3883 7 oak oak NN 20467 3883 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3883 9 91 91 CD 20467 3883 10 - - HYPH 20467 3883 11 93 93 CD 20467 3883 12 platanoides platanoide NNS 20467 3883 13 , , , 20467 3883 14 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3883 15 . . . 20467 3884 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3884 2 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3884 3 white white JJ 20467 3884 4 oak oak NN 20467 3884 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3884 6 80 80 CD 20467 3884 7 - - SYM 20467 3884 8 82 82 CD 20467 3884 9 prinoides prinoide NNS 20467 3884 10 , , , 20467 3884 11 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3884 12 . . . 20467 3885 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3885 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3885 3 white white NN 20467 3885 4 , , , 20467 3885 5 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3885 6 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3885 7 oak oak NN 20467 3885 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3885 9 85 85 CD 20467 3885 10 prinus prinu NNS 20467 3885 11 , , , 20467 3885 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3885 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3885 14 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 20467 3885 15 , , , 20467 3885 16 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3885 17 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3885 18 oak oak NN 20467 3885 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3885 20 82 82 NNP 20467 3885 21 - - SYM 20467 3885 22 84 84 CD 20467 3885 23 pumila pumila NN 20467 3885 24 , , , 20467 3885 25 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3885 26 . . . 20467 3886 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3886 2 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3886 3 , , , 20467 3886 4 Bear Bear NNP 20467 3886 5 oak oak NN 20467 3886 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3886 7 93 93 CD 20467 3886 8 , , , 20467 3886 9 94 94 CD 20467 3886 10 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3886 11 rubra rubra NN 20467 3886 12 , , , 20467 3886 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3886 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3886 15 Red Red NNP 20467 3886 16 oak oak NN 20467 3886 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3886 18 86 86 CD 20467 3886 19 , , , 20467 3886 20 87 87 CD 20467 3886 21 stellata stellata NN 20467 3886 22 , , , 20467 3886 23 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3886 24 . . . 20467 3887 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3887 2 Post Post NNP 20467 3887 3 , , , 20467 3887 4 Box Box NNP 20467 3887 5 white white NNP 20467 3887 6 oak oak NNP 20467 3887 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3887 8 77 77 CD 20467 3887 9 , , , 20467 3887 10 78 78 CD 20467 3887 11 tinctoria tinctoria NNS 20467 3887 12 , , , 20467 3887 13 Bartram Bartram NNP 20467 3887 14 . . . 20467 3888 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3888 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3888 3 , , , 20467 3888 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3888 5 oak oak NN 20467 3888 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3888 7 89 89 CD 20467 3888 8 - - SYM 20467 3888 9 91 91 CD 20467 3888 10 velutina velutina NN 20467 3888 11 , , , 20467 3888 12 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3888 13 . . . 20467 3889 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3889 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3889 3 , , , 20467 3889 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 20467 3889 5 oak oak NN 20467 3889 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3889 7 89 89 CD 20467 3889 8 - - SYM 20467 3889 9 91 91 CD 20467 3889 10 R r NN 20467 3889 11 Red red JJ 20467 3889 12 ash ash NN 20467 3889 13 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3889 14 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3889 15 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3889 16 , , , 20467 3889 17 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3889 18 . . . 20467 3889 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3890 1 164 164 CD 20467 3890 2 , , , 20467 3890 3 165 165 CD 20467 3890 4 birch birch NN 20467 3890 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3890 6 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3890 7 nigra nigra NN 20467 3890 8 , , , 20467 3890 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3890 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3890 11 65 65 CD 20467 3890 12 , , , 20467 3890 13 66 66 CD 20467 3890 14 cedar cedar NN 20467 3890 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3890 16 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 3890 17 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3890 18 , , , 20467 3890 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3890 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3890 21 26 26 CD 20467 3890 22 - - SYM 20467 3890 23 28 28 CD 20467 3890 24 elm elm NN 20467 3890 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3890 26 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3890 27 fulva fulva NN 20467 3890 28 , , , 20467 3890 29 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3890 30 . . . 20467 3890 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3891 1 97 97 CD 20467 3891 2 , , , 20467 3891 3 98 98 CD 20467 3891 4 maple maple NN 20467 3891 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3891 6 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3891 7 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 3891 8 , , , 20467 3891 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3891 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3891 11 140 140 CD 20467 3891 12 - - HYPH 20467 3891 13 142 142 CD 20467 3891 14 mulberry mulberry NN 20467 3891 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3891 16 Morus Morus NNP 20467 3891 17 rubra rubra NNP 20467 3891 18 , , , 20467 3891 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3891 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3891 21 102 102 CD 20467 3891 22 , , , 20467 3891 23 103 103 CD 20467 3891 24 oak oak NN 20467 3891 25 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3891 26 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3891 27 rubra rubra NNP 20467 3891 28 , , , 20467 3891 29 L. L. NNP 20467 3891 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3891 31 86 86 CD 20467 3891 32 , , , 20467 3891 33 87 87 CD 20467 3891 34 pine pine NN 20467 3891 35 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3891 36 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3891 37 resinosa resinosa NNS 20467 3891 38 , , , 20467 3891 39 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3891 40 . . . 20467 3891 41 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3892 1 10 10 CD 20467 3892 2 , , , 20467 3892 3 11 11 CD 20467 3892 4 plum plum NN 20467 3892 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3892 6 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3892 7 nigra nigra NN 20467 3892 8 , , , 20467 3892 9 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3892 10 . . . 20467 3892 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3893 1 22 22 CD 20467 3893 2 , , , 20467 3893 3 123 123 CD 20467 3893 4 spruce spruce NN 20467 3893 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3893 6 Picea picea JJ 20467 3893 7 rubra rubra NN 20467 3893 8 , , , 20467 3893 9 Link Link NNP 20467 3893 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3893 11 15 15 CD 20467 3893 12 , , , 20467 3893 13 16 16 CD 20467 3893 14 Rhus rhus NN 20467 3893 15 copallina copallina NNP 20467 3893 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3893 17 Dwarf Dwarf NNP 20467 3893 18 sumac sumac NN 20467 3893 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3893 20 137 137 CD 20467 3893 21 glabra glabra NN 20467 3893 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3893 23 Smooth Smooth NNP 20467 3893 24 sumac sumac NN 20467 3893 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3893 26 137 137 CD 20467 3893 27 hirta hirta NN 20467 3893 28 , , , 20467 3893 29 Sudw Sudw NNP 20467 3893 30 . . . 20467 3894 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3894 2 Staghorn Staghorn NNP 20467 3894 3 sumac sumac NN 20467 3894 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3894 5 134 134 CD 20467 3894 6 , , , 20467 3894 7 135 135 CD 20467 3894 8 toxicodendron toxicodendron NN 20467 3894 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3894 10 Poison Poison NNP 20467 3894 11 ivy ivy NN 20467 3894 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3894 13 137 137 CD 20467 3894 14 typhina typhina NN 20467 3894 15 , , , 20467 3894 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3894 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3894 18 Staghorn Staghorn NNP 20467 3894 19 sumac sumac NN 20467 3894 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3894 21 134 134 CD 20467 3894 22 , , , 20467 3894 23 135 135 CD 20467 3894 24 venenata venenata NN 20467 3894 25 , , , 20467 3894 26 DC DC NNP 20467 3894 27 . . . 20467 3895 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3895 2 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3895 3 , , , 20467 3895 4 Poison poison NN 20467 3895 5 sumac sumac NN 20467 3895 6 _ _ NNP 20467 3895 7 136 136 CD 20467 3895 8 , , , 20467 3895 9 137 137 CD 20467 3895 10 vernix vernix NN 20467 3895 11 , , , 20467 3895 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3895 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3895 14 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3895 15 , , , 20467 3895 16 Poison poison NN 20467 3895 17 sumac sumac NN 20467 3895 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3895 19 136 136 CD 20467 3895 20 , , , 20467 3895 21 137 137 CD 20467 3895 22 River river NN 20467 3895 23 ash ash NN 20467 3895 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3895 25 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3895 26 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3895 27 , , , 20467 3895 28 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3895 29 . . . 20467 3895 30 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3896 1 164 164 CD 20467 3896 2 , , , 20467 3896 3 165 165 CD 20467 3896 4 birch birch NN 20467 3896 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3896 6 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3896 7 nigra nigra NN 20467 3896 8 , , , 20467 3896 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3896 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3896 11 65 65 CD 20467 3896 12 , , , 20467 3896 13 66 66 CD 20467 3896 14 maple maple NN 20467 3896 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3896 16 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3896 17 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3896 18 , , , 20467 3896 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3896 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3896 21 142 142 CD 20467 3896 22 - - SYM 20467 3896 23 144 144 CD 20467 3896 24 Robinia Robinia NNP 20467 3896 25 pseudacacia pseudacacia NN 20467 3896 26 , , , 20467 3896 27 L. L. NNP 20467 3896 28 _ _ NNP 20467 3896 29 Locust Locust NNP 20467 3896 30 _ _ NNP 20467 3896 31 131 131 CD 20467 3896 32 , , , 20467 3896 33 132 132 CD 20467 3896 34 viscosa viscosa NNS 20467 3896 35 , , , 20467 3896 36 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3896 37 . . . 20467 3897 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3897 2 Clammy Clammy NNP 20467 3897 3 locust locust NN 20467 3897 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3897 5 132 132 CD 20467 3897 6 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3897 7 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3897 8 oak oak NN 20467 3897 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3897 10 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3897 11 prinus prinus NN 20467 3897 12 , , , 20467 3897 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3897 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3897 15 82 82 CD 20467 3897 16 - - SYM 20467 3897 17 84 84 CD 20467 3897 18 elm elm NN 20467 3897 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3897 20 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3897 21 racemosa racemosa NNP 20467 3897 22 , , , 20467 3897 23 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 3897 24 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3897 25 99 99 CD 20467 3897 26 , , , 20467 3897 27 100 100 CD 20467 3897 28 maple maple NN 20467 3897 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3897 30 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3897 31 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3897 32 , , , 20467 3897 33 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3897 34 . . . 20467 3897 35 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3898 1 144 144 CD 20467 3898 2 - - SYM 20467 3898 3 146 146 CD 20467 3898 4 , , , 20467 3898 5 172 172 CD 20467 3898 6 Rum rum NN 20467 3898 7 cherry cherry NN 20467 3898 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3898 9 Primus Primus NNP 20467 3898 10 serotina serotina NNP 20467 3898 11 , , , 20467 3898 12 Ehrh Ehrh NNP 20467 3898 13 . . . 20467 3898 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3899 1 127 127 CD 20467 3899 2 , , , 20467 3899 3 128 128 CD 20467 3899 4 S s NN 20467 3899 5 = = : 20467 3899 6 Salicaceæ.= Salicaceæ.= NNP 20467 3899 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3899 8 Willow Willow NNP 20467 3899 9 family family NN 20467 3899 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3899 11 28 28 CD 20467 3899 12 - - SYM 20467 3899 13 46 46 CD 20467 3899 14 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3899 15 alba alba NNS 20467 3899 16 , , , 20467 3899 17 L. L. NNP 20467 3899 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3899 19 Abele Abele NNP 20467 3899 20 , , , 20467 3899 21 White White NNP 20467 3899 22 , , , 20467 3899 23 Silver silver JJ 20467 3899 24 - - HYPH 20467 3899 25 leaf leaf NN 20467 3899 26 poplar poplar JJ 20467 3899 27 _ _ NNP 20467 3899 28 39 39 CD 20467 3899 29 , , , 20467 3899 30 40 40 CD 20467 3899 31 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3899 32 , , , 20467 3899 33 L. L. NNP 20467 3899 34 _ _ NNP 20467 3899 35 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3899 36 , , , 20467 3899 37 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3899 38 . . . 20467 3900 1 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3900 2 of of IN 20467 3900 3 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3900 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3900 5 36 36 CD 20467 3900 6 , , , 20467 3900 7 37 37 CD 20467 3900 8 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3900 9 , , , 20467 3900 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3900 11 var var NN 20467 3900 12 . . . 20467 3900 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3900 14 candicans candican NNS 20467 3900 15 , , , 20467 3900 16 Gray Gray NNP 20467 3900 17 . . . 20467 3901 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 2 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3901 3 of of IN 20467 3901 4 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3901 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 6 37 37 CD 20467 3901 7 - - SYM 20467 3901 8 39 39 CD 20467 3901 9 , , , 20467 3901 10 171 171 CD 20467 3901 11 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3901 12 , , , 20467 3901 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 14 var var NN 20467 3901 15 . . . 20467 3901 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 17 intermedia intermedia NNP 20467 3901 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 19 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3901 20 , , , 20467 3901 21 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3901 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 23 36 36 CD 20467 3901 24 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3901 25 , , , 20467 3901 26 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 27 var var NN 20467 3901 28 . . . 20467 3901 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 30 latifolia latifolia NN 20467 3901 31 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 32 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3901 33 , , , 20467 3901 34 Balsam Balsam NNP 20467 3901 35 _ _ NNP 20467 3901 36 36 36 CD 20467 3901 37 candicans candican NNS 20467 3901 38 , , , 20467 3901 39 Ait ait RB 20467 3901 40 . . . 20467 3902 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3902 2 Balm Balm NNP 20467 3902 3 of of IN 20467 3902 4 Gilead Gilead NNP 20467 3902 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3902 6 37 37 CD 20467 3902 7 - - SYM 20467 3902 8 39 39 CD 20467 3902 9 , , , 20467 3902 10 171 171 CD 20467 3902 11 deltoides deltoide NNS 20467 3902 12 , , , 20467 3902 13 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3902 14 . . . 20467 3903 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3903 2 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3903 3 , , , 20467 3903 4 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3903 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3903 6 34 34 CD 20467 3903 7 , , , 20467 3903 8 35 35 CD 20467 3903 9 Populus populus JJ 20467 3903 10 grandidentata grandidentata NN 20467 3903 11 , , , 20467 3903 12 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3903 13 . . . 20467 3904 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3904 2 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3904 3 , , , 20467 3904 4 Large large JJ 20467 3904 5 - - HYPH 20467 3904 6 toothed toothed JJ 20467 3904 7 aspen aspen NN 20467 3904 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3904 9 31 31 CD 20467 3904 10 , , , 20467 3904 11 32 32 CD 20467 3904 12 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3904 13 , , , 20467 3904 14 L. L. NNP 20467 3904 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3904 16 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3904 17 , , , 20467 3904 18 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3904 19 poplar poplar NN 20467 3904 20 , , , 20467 3904 21 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3904 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3904 23 33 33 CD 20467 3904 24 , , , 20467 3904 25 34 34 CD 20467 3904 26 monilifera monilifera NN 20467 3904 27 , , , 20467 3904 28 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3904 29 . . . 20467 3905 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3905 2 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 20467 3905 3 poplar poplar JJ 20467 3905 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3905 5 34 34 CD 20467 3905 6 , , , 20467 3905 7 35 35 CD 20467 3905 8 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 20467 3905 9 , , , 20467 3905 10 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3905 11 . . . 20467 3906 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 2 Poplar Poplar NNP 20467 3906 3 , , , 20467 3906 4 Aspen Aspen NNP 20467 3906 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 6 29 29 CD 20467 3906 7 , , , 20467 3906 8 30 30 CD 20467 3906 9 Salix salix NN 20467 3906 10 alba alba VBZ 20467 3906 11 , , , 20467 3906 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3906 13 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 14 White White NNP 20467 3906 15 willow willow NN 20467 3906 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 17 43 43 CD 20467 3906 18 , , , 20467 3906 19 45 45 CD 20467 3906 20 , , , 20467 3906 21 46 46 CD 20467 3906 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 23 var var NN 20467 3906 24 . . . 20467 3906 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 26 cærulea cærulea NNP 20467 3906 27 , , , 20467 3906 28 Koch Koch NNP 20467 3906 29 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 30 White White NNP 20467 3906 31 willow willow NN 20467 3906 32 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 33 45 45 CD 20467 3906 34 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 35 var var NN 20467 3906 36 . . . 20467 3906 37 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 38 vitellina vitellina NN 20467 3906 39 , , , 20467 3906 40 Koch Koch NNP 20467 3906 41 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 42 White White NNP 20467 3906 43 willow willow NN 20467 3906 44 _ _ NNP 20467 3906 45 4 4 CD 20467 3906 46 balsamifera balsamifera NN 20467 3906 47 , , , 20467 3906 48 Barrett Barrett NNP 20467 3906 49 171 171 CD 20467 3906 50 discolor discolor NN 20467 3906 51 , , , 20467 3906 52 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 3906 53 . . . 20467 3907 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3907 2 Pussy Pussy NNP 20467 3907 3 willow willow NN 20467 3907 4 , , , 20467 3907 5 Glaucous Glaucous NNP 20467 3907 6 willow willow NN 20467 3907 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3907 8 40 40 CD 20467 3907 9 , , , 20467 3907 10 41 41 CD 20467 3907 11 , , , 20467 3907 12 171 171 CD 20467 3907 13 falcata falcata NN 20467 3907 14 , , , 20467 3907 15 Pursh Pursh NNP 20467 3907 16 _ _ NNP 20467 3907 17 Black Black NNP 20467 3907 18 willow willow NN 20467 3907 19 _ _ NNP 20467 3907 20 42 42 CD 20467 3907 21 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 3907 22 , , , 20467 3907 23 L. L. NNP 20467 3907 24 _ _ NNP 20467 3907 25 Crack Crack NNP 20467 3907 26 willow willow NN 20467 3907 27 , , , 20467 3907 28 Brittle Brittle NNP 20467 3907 29 willow willow NN 20467 3907 30 _ _ NNP 20467 3907 31 43 43 CD 20467 3907 32 - - SYM 20467 3907 33 45 45 CD 20467 3907 34 nigra nigra NN 20467 3907 35 , , , 20467 3907 36 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3907 37 . . . 20467 3908 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3908 2 Black Black NNP 20467 3908 3 willow willow NN 20467 3908 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3908 5 42 42 CD 20467 3908 6 , , , 20467 3908 7 43 43 CD 20467 3908 8 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 3908 9 officinale officinale NN 20467 3908 10 , , , 20467 3908 11 Nees Nees NNPS 20467 3908 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3908 13 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 3908 14 _ _ NNP 20467 3908 15 106 106 CD 20467 3908 16 - - SYM 20467 3908 17 108 108 CD 20467 3908 18 Sassafras Sassafras NNPS 20467 3908 19 , , , 20467 3908 20 Karst Karst NNP 20467 3908 21 . . . 20467 3909 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3909 2 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 20467 3909 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3909 4 106 106 CD 20467 3909 5 - - SYM 20467 3909 6 108 108 CD 20467 3909 7 Savin Savin NNP 20467 3909 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3909 9 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 20467 3909 10 Virginiana Virginiana NNP 20467 3909 11 , , , 20467 3909 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3909 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3909 14 26 26 CD 20467 3909 15 - - SYM 20467 3909 16 28 28 CD 20467 3909 17 Scarlet Scarlet NNP 20467 3909 18 oak oak NN 20467 3909 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3909 20 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3909 21 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3909 22 , , , 20467 3909 23 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3909 24 . . . 20467 3909 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3910 1 88 88 CD 20467 3910 2 , , , 20467 3910 3 89 89 CD 20467 3910 4 Scotch scotch NN 20467 3910 5 pine pine NN 20467 3910 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3910 7 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3910 8 sylvestris sylvestris NNP 20467 3910 9 , , , 20467 3910 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3910 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3910 12 11 11 CD 20467 3910 13 , , , 20467 3910 14 12 12 CD 20467 3910 15 Scrub Scrub NNP 20467 3910 16 chestnut chestnut NN 20467 3910 17 oak oak NN 20467 3910 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3910 19 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3910 20 prinoides prinoide NNS 20467 3910 21 , , , 20467 3910 22 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3910 23 . . . 20467 3910 24 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3911 1 85 85 CD 20467 3911 2 oak oak NN 20467 3911 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3911 4 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3911 5 ilicifolia ilicifolia NN 20467 3911 6 , , , 20467 3911 7 Wang Wang NNP 20467 3911 8 . . . 20467 3911 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3912 1 93 93 CD 20467 3912 2 , , , 20467 3912 3 94 94 CD 20467 3912 4 pine pine NN 20467 3912 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3912 6 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3912 7 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 3912 8 , , , 20467 3912 9 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 3912 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3912 11 8,9 8,9 CD 20467 3912 12 white white NNP 20467 3912 13 oak oak NNP 20467 3912 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3912 15 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3912 16 prinoides prinoide NNS 20467 3912 17 , , , 20467 3912 18 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3912 19 . . . 20467 3912 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3913 1 85 85 CD 20467 3913 2 Shadbush Shadbush NNP 20467 3913 3 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3913 4 Amelanchier Amelanchier NNP 20467 3913 5 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3913 6 , , , 20467 3913 7 Medic Medic NNP 20467 3913 8 . . . 20467 3913 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3914 1 116 116 CD 20467 3914 2 , , , 20467 3914 3 117 117 CD 20467 3914 4 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3914 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3914 6 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3914 7 alba alba NNS 20467 3914 8 , , , 20467 3914 9 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3914 10 . . . 20467 3914 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3915 1 49 49 CD 20467 3915 2 - - SYM 20467 3915 3 51 51 CD 20467 3915 4 Sheep Sheep NNS 20467 3915 5 berry berry NN 20467 3915 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3915 7 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 3915 8 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 3915 9 , , , 20467 3915 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3915 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3915 12 168 168 CD 20467 3915 13 , , , 20467 3915 14 169 169 CD 20467 3915 15 Silver silver JJ 20467 3915 16 - - HYPH 20467 3915 17 leaf leaf NN 20467 3915 18 poplar poplar NN 20467 3915 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3915 20 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3915 21 alba alba NNS 20467 3915 22 , , , 20467 3915 23 L. L. NNP 20467 3915 24 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3915 25 39 39 CD 20467 3915 26 , , , 20467 3915 27 40 40 CD 20467 3915 28 maple maple NN 20467 3915 29 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3915 30 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3915 31 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3915 32 , , , 20467 3915 33 L. L. NNP 20467 3915 34 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3915 35 142 142 CD 20467 3915 36 - - SYM 20467 3915 37 144 144 CD 20467 3915 38 = = SYM 20467 3915 39 Simarubaceæ.= Simarubaceæ.= NNS 20467 3915 40 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3915 41 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3915 42 family family NN 20467 3915 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3915 44 133 133 CD 20467 3915 45 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3915 46 glandulosus glandulosus NN 20467 3915 47 , , , 20467 3915 48 Desf Desf NNP 20467 3915 49 . . . 20467 3916 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3916 2 Tree Tree NNP 20467 3916 3 of of IN 20467 3916 4 Heaven Heaven NNP 20467 3916 5 , , , 20467 3916 6 Chinese chinese JJ 20467 3916 7 sumac sumac NN 20467 3916 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3916 9 133 133 CD 20467 3916 10 Skunk Skunk NNP 20467 3916 11 spruce spruce NN 20467 3916 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3916 13 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3916 14 alba alba NNS 20467 3916 15 , , , 20467 3916 16 Link Link NNP 20467 3916 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3916 18 16 16 CD 20467 3916 19 - - SYM 20467 3916 20 18 18 CD 20467 3916 21 Slippery Slippery NNP 20467 3916 22 elm elm NN 20467 3916 23 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3916 24 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3916 25 fulva fulva NN 20467 3916 26 , , , 20467 3916 27 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3916 28 . . . 20467 3916 29 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3917 1 97 97 CD 20467 3917 2 , , , 20467 3917 3 98 98 CD 20467 3917 4 Small small JJ 20467 3917 5 white white JJ 20467 3917 6 birch birch NN 20467 3917 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3917 8 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3917 9 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3917 10 , , , 20467 3917 11 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3917 12 . . . 20467 3917 13 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3918 1 66 66 CD 20467 3918 2 - - SYM 20467 3918 3 68 68 CD 20467 3918 4 Smooth smooth JJ 20467 3918 5 sumac sumac NN 20467 3918 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3918 7 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3918 8 glabra glabra NNP 20467 3918 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3918 10 137 137 CD 20467 3918 11 Soft soft JJ 20467 3918 12 maple maple NN 20467 3918 13 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3918 14 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3918 15 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 3918 16 , , , 20467 3918 17 L. L. NNP 20467 3918 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3918 19 140 140 CD 20467 3918 20 - - HYPH 20467 3918 21 142 142 CD 20467 3918 22 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3918 23 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3918 24 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3918 25 , , , 20467 3918 26 L. L. NNP 20467 3918 27 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3918 28 , , , 20467 3918 29 142 142 CD 20467 3918 30 - - SYM 20467 3918 31 144 144 CD 20467 3918 32 Sorbus Sorbus NNP 20467 3918 33 Americana Americana NNPS 20467 3918 34 , , , 20467 3918 35 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3918 36 . . . 20467 3919 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3919 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3919 3 ash ash NN 20467 3919 4 _ _ NNP 20467 3919 5 112 112 CD 20467 3919 6 , , , 20467 3919 7 113 113 CD 20467 3919 8 sambucifolia sambucifolia NNS 20467 3919 9 , , , 20467 3919 10 R[oe]m R[oe]m NNP 20467 3919 11 . . . 20467 3919 12 _ _ NNP 20467 3919 13 Mountain Mountain NNP 20467 3919 14 ash ash NN 20467 3919 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3919 16 113 113 CD 20467 3919 17 , , , 20467 3919 18 115 115 CD 20467 3919 19 Sour sour JJ 20467 3919 20 gum gum NN 20467 3919 21 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3919 22 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3919 23 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 3919 24 , , , 20467 3919 25 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3919 26 . . . 20467 3919 27 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3920 1 159 159 CD 20467 3920 2 , , , 20467 3920 3 160 160 CD 20467 3920 4 Spruce spruce NN 20467 3920 5 , , , 20467 3920 6 Black Black NNP 20467 3920 7 , , , 20467 3920 8 Swamp Swamp NNP 20467 3920 9 , , , 20467 3920 10 Double Double NNP 20467 3920 11 , , , 20467 3920 12 Water Water NNP 20467 3920 13 . . . 20467 3921 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3921 2 Picea picea JJ 20467 3921 3 nigra nigra NN 20467 3921 4 , , , 20467 3921 5 Link Link NNP 20467 3921 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3921 7 12 12 CD 20467 3921 8 - - SYM 20467 3921 9 14 14 CD 20467 3921 10 Red red JJ 20467 3921 11 spruce spruce NN 20467 3921 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3921 13 Picea picea JJ 20467 3921 14 rubra rubra NN 20467 3921 15 , , , 20467 3921 16 Link Link NNP 20467 3921 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3921 18 15 15 CD 20467 3921 19 , , , 20467 3921 20 16 16 CD 20467 3921 21 White White NNP 20467 3921 22 , , , 20467 3921 23 Cat Cat NNP 20467 3921 24 , , , 20467 3921 25 Skunk Skunk NNP 20467 3921 26 , , , 20467 3921 27 Labrador Labrador NNP 20467 3921 28 . . . 20467 3922 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3922 2 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3922 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3922 4 , , , 20467 3922 5 Link Link NNP 20467 3922 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3922 7 16 16 CD 20467 3922 8 - - SYM 20467 3922 9 18 18 CD 20467 3922 10 Spruce spruce NN 20467 3922 11 pine pine NN 20467 3922 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3922 13 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3922 14 Banksiana Banksiana NNP 20467 3922 15 , , , 20467 3922 16 Lamb Lamb NNP 20467 3922 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3922 18 8 8 CD 20467 3922 19 , , , 20467 3922 20 9 9 CD 20467 3922 21 Staghorn Staghorn NNP 20467 3922 22 sumac sumac NN 20467 3922 23 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3922 24 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3922 25 typhina typhina NNP 20467 3922 26 , , , 20467 3922 27 L. L. NNP 20467 3922 28 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3922 29 134 134 CD 20467 3922 30 , , , 20467 3922 31 135 135 CD 20467 3922 32 Striped stripe VBN 20467 3922 33 maple maple NN 20467 3922 34 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3922 35 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3922 36 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 3922 37 , , , 20467 3922 38 L. L. NNP 20467 3922 39 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3922 40 149 149 CD 20467 3922 41 - - SYM 20467 3922 42 151 151 CD 20467 3922 43 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3922 44 berry berry NN 20467 3922 45 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3922 46 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 3922 47 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3922 48 , , , 20467 3922 49 L. L. NNP 20467 3922 50 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3922 51 100 100 CD 20467 3922 52 - - SYM 20467 3922 53 102 102 CD 20467 3922 54 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3922 55 maple maple NN 20467 3922 56 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3922 57 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3922 58 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3922 59 , , , 20467 3922 60 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3922 61 . . . 20467 3922 62 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3923 1 144 144 CD 20467 3923 2 - - SYM 20467 3923 3 146 146 CD 20467 3923 4 tree tree NN 20467 3923 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3923 6 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3923 7 Saccharum Saccharum NNP 20467 3923 8 , , , 20467 3923 9 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3923 10 . . . 20467 3923 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3924 1 144 144 CD 20467 3924 2 - - SYM 20467 3924 3 146 146 CD 20467 3924 4 Sumac Sumac NNP 20467 3924 5 family family NN 20467 3924 6 . . . 20467 3925 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3925 2 = = NFP 20467 3925 3 Anacardiaceæ= anacardiaceæ= ADD 20467 3925 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3925 5 134 134 CD 20467 3925 6 - - HYPH 20467 3925 7 137 137 CD 20467 3925 8 Sumac Sumac NNP 20467 3925 9 , , , 20467 3925 10 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3925 11 , , , 20467 3925 12 Tree Tree NNP 20467 3925 13 of of IN 20467 3925 14 Heaven Heaven NNP 20467 3925 15 , , , 20467 3925 16 Chinese chinese JJ 20467 3925 17 sumac sumac NN 20467 3925 18 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3925 19 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3925 20 glandulosus glandulosus NN 20467 3925 21 , , , 20467 3925 22 Desf Desf NNP 20467 3925 23 . . . 20467 3925 24 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3926 1 133 133 CD 20467 3926 2 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 20467 3926 3 , , , 20467 3926 4 poison poison NN 20467 3926 5 sumac sumac NN 20467 3926 6 . . . 20467 3927 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3927 2 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3927 3 vernix vernix NNP 20467 3927 4 , , , 20467 3927 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3927 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3927 7 136 136 CD 20467 3927 8 , , , 20467 3927 9 137 137 CD 20467 3927 10 Dwarf dwarf NN 20467 3927 11 sumac sumac NN 20467 3927 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3927 13 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3927 14 copallina copallina NNP 20467 3927 15 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3927 16 137 137 CD 20467 3927 17 Smooth smooth JJ 20467 3927 18 sumac sumac NN 20467 3927 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3927 20 Rhus Rhus NNP 20467 3927 21 glabra glabra NNP 20467 3927 22 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3927 23 137 137 CD 20467 3927 24 Staghorn Staghorn NNP 20467 3927 25 sumac sumac NN 20467 3927 26 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3927 27 Rhus rhus NN 20467 3927 28 tyhina tyhina NNP 20467 3927 29 , , , 20467 3927 30 L. L. NNP 20467 3927 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3927 32 134 134 CD 20467 3927 33 , , , 20467 3927 34 135 135 CD 20467 3927 35 Swamp swamp NN 20467 3927 36 ash ash NN 20467 3927 37 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3927 38 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3927 39 nigra nigra NN 20467 3927 40 , , , 20467 3927 41 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3927 42 . . . 20467 3927 43 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3928 1 167 167 CD 20467 3928 2 , , , 20467 3928 3 168 168 CD 20467 3928 4 hickory hickory NN 20467 3928 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3928 6 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3928 7 amara amara NN 20467 3928 8 , , , 20467 3928 9 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3928 10 . . . 20467 3928 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3929 1 55 55 CD 20467 3929 2 - - SYM 20467 3929 3 57 57 CD 20467 3929 4 maple maple NN 20467 3929 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3929 6 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3929 7 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 3929 8 , , , 20467 3929 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3929 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3929 11 , , , 20467 3929 12 140 140 CD 20467 3929 13 - - SYM 20467 3929 14 142 142 CD 20467 3929 15 oak oak NN 20467 3929 16 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3929 17 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3929 18 palustris palustri NNS 20467 3929 19 , , , 20467 3929 20 Du Du NNP 20467 3929 21 Roi Roi NNP 20467 3929 22 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3929 23 91 91 CD 20467 3929 24 - - HYPH 20467 3929 25 93 93 CD 20467 3929 26 poplar poplar NN 20467 3929 27 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3929 28 Populus populus JJ 20467 3929 29 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3929 30 , , , 20467 3929 31 L. L. NNP 20467 3929 32 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3929 33 33 33 CD 20467 3929 34 , , , 20467 3929 35 34 34 CD 20467 3929 36 spruce spruce NN 20467 3929 37 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3929 38 Picea picea JJ 20467 3929 39 nigra nigra NN 20467 3929 40 , , , 20467 3929 41 Link Link NNP 20467 3929 42 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3929 43 12 12 CD 20467 3929 44 - - SYM 20467 3929 45 14 14 CD 20467 3929 46 white white NNP 20467 3929 47 oak oak NNP 20467 3929 48 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3929 49 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3929 50 bicolor bicolor NN 20467 3929 51 , , , 20467 3929 52 Willd Willd NNP 20467 3929 53 . . . 20467 3929 54 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3930 1 80 80 CD 20467 3930 2 - - SYM 20467 3930 3 82 82 CD 20467 3930 4 Sweet Sweet NNP 20467 3930 5 birch birch NN 20467 3930 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3930 7 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3930 8 lenta lenta NNP 20467 3930 9 , , , 20467 3930 10 L. L. NNP 20467 3930 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3930 12 61 61 CD 20467 3930 13 , , , 20467 3930 14 62 62 CD 20467 3930 15 gum gum NN 20467 3930 16 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3930 17 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 20467 3930 18 Styraciflua Styraciflua NNP 20467 3930 19 , , , 20467 3930 20 L. L. NNP 20467 3930 21 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3930 22 108 108 CD 20467 3930 23 , , , 20467 3930 24 109 109 CD 20467 3930 25 viburnum viburnum NN 20467 3930 26 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3930 27 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 3930 28 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 3930 29 , , , 20467 3930 30 L. L. NNP 20467 3930 31 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3930 32 168 168 CD 20467 3930 33 , , , 20467 3930 34 169 169 CD 20467 3930 35 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 20467 3930 36 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3930 37 Platanus Platanus NNP 20467 3930 38 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3930 39 , , , 20467 3930 40 L. L. NNP 20467 3930 41 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3930 42 110 110 CD 20467 3930 43 , , , 20467 3930 44 111 111 CD 20467 3930 45 T t NN 20467 3930 46 Tamarack tamarack NN 20467 3930 47 . . . 20467 3931 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3931 2 Larix Larix NNP 20467 3931 3 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3931 4 , , , 20467 3931 5 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3931 6 . . . 20467 3931 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3932 1 2 2 CD 20467 3932 2 - - SYM 20467 3932 3 4 4 CD 20467 3932 4 Thayer Thayer NNP 20467 3932 5 , , , 20467 3932 6 Col Col NNP 20467 3932 7 . . NNP 20467 3932 8 Minot Minot NNP 20467 3932 9 estate estate NN 20467 3932 10 , , , 20467 3932 11 Braintree Braintree NNP 20467 3932 12 , , , 20467 3932 13 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 3932 14 , , , 20467 3932 15 _ _ NNP 20467 3932 16 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 3932 17 opaca opaca NN 20467 3932 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3932 19 , , , 20467 3932 20 fine fine JJ 20467 3932 21 specimen specimen VBZ 20467 3932 22 139 139 CD 20467 3932 23 Thorn Thorn NNP 20467 3932 24 . . . 20467 3933 1 Cockspur Cockspur NNP 20467 3933 2 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3933 3 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3933 4 Crus Crus NNP 20467 3933 5 - - HYPH 20467 3933 6 Galli Galli NNP 20467 3933 7 , , , 20467 3933 8 L. L. NNP 20467 3933 9 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3933 10 117 117 CD 20467 3933 11 , , , 20467 3933 12 118 118 CD 20467 3933 13 , , , 20467 3933 14 171 171 CD 20467 3933 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3933 16 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3933 17 coccinea coccinea NN 20467 3933 18 , , , 20467 3933 19 L. L. NNP 20467 3933 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3933 21 118 118 CD 20467 3933 22 , , , 20467 3933 23 119 119 CD 20467 3933 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3933 25 Cratægus Cratægus NNP 20467 3933 26 mollis mollis NNPS 20467 3933 27 , , , 20467 3933 28 Scheele Scheele NNP 20467 3933 29 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3933 30 120 120 CD 20467 3933 31 , , , 20467 3933 32 121 121 CD 20467 3933 33 Three three CD 20467 3933 34 - - HYPH 20467 3933 35 thorned thorne VBN 20467 3933 36 acacia acacia NNP 20467 3933 37 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3933 38 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 20467 3933 39 tricanthus tricanthus RB 20467 3933 40 , , , 20467 3933 41 L. L. NNP 20467 3933 42 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3933 43 129 129 CD 20467 3933 44 , , , 20467 3933 45 130 130 CD 20467 3933 46 Thuja thuja JJ 20467 3933 47 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3933 48 , , , 20467 3933 49 L. L. NNP 20467 3933 50 _ _ NNP 20467 3933 51 Arbor Arbor NNP 20467 3933 52 - - HYPH 20467 3933 53 vitæ vitæ NNP 20467 3933 54 , , , 20467 3933 55 White white JJ 20467 3933 56 cedar cedar NN 20467 3933 57 , , , 20467 3933 58 Cedar Cedar NNP 20467 3933 59 _ _ NNP 20467 3933 60 23 23 CD 20467 3933 61 , , , 20467 3933 62 24 24 CD 20467 3933 63 = = SYM 20467 3933 64 Tiliaceæ.= Tiliaceæ.= NNS 20467 3933 65 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3933 66 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3933 67 family family NN 20467 3933 68 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3933 69 153 153 CD 20467 3933 70 - - SYM 20467 3933 71 155 155 CD 20467 3933 72 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3933 73 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3933 74 , , , 20467 3933 75 L. L. NNP 20467 3933 76 _ _ NNP 20467 3933 77 Basswood Basswood NNP 20467 3933 78 , , , 20467 3933 79 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3933 80 , , , 20467 3933 81 Lime Lime NNP 20467 3933 82 , , , 20467 3933 83 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3933 84 _ _ NNP 20467 3933 85 153 153 CD 20467 3933 86 - - SYM 20467 3933 87 155 155 CD 20467 3933 88 Europæa Europæa NNPS 20467 3933 89 _ _ NNP 20467 3933 90 Basswood Basswood NNP 20467 3933 91 , , , 20467 3933 92 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3933 93 , , , 20467 3933 94 Lime Lime NNP 20467 3933 95 , , , 20467 3933 96 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3933 97 _ _ NNP 20467 3933 98 155 155 CD 20467 3933 99 heterophylla heterophylla NN 20467 3933 100 , , , 20467 3933 101 Vent Vent NNP 20467 3933 102 . . . 20467 3934 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3934 2 Basswood Basswood NNP 20467 3934 3 , , , 20467 3934 4 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3934 5 , , , 20467 3934 6 Lime Lime NNP 20467 3934 7 , , , 20467 3934 8 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3934 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3934 10 155 155 CD 20467 3934 11 puebescens puebescen NNS 20467 3934 12 , , , 20467 3934 13 Ait ait RB 20467 3934 14 . . . 20467 3935 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3935 2 Basswood Basswood NNP 20467 3935 3 , , , 20467 3935 4 Linden Linden NNP 20467 3935 5 , , , 20467 3935 6 Lime Lime NNP 20467 3935 7 , , , 20467 3935 8 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3935 9 _ _ NNP 20467 3935 10 155 155 CD 20467 3935 11 Tree Tree NNP 20467 3935 12 of of IN 20467 3935 13 Heaven Heaven NNP 20467 3935 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3935 15 Ailanthus Ailanthus NNP 20467 3935 16 glandulosus glandulosus NN 20467 3935 17 , , , 20467 3935 18 Desf Desf NNP 20467 3935 19 . . . 20467 3935 20 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3936 1 183 183 CD 20467 3936 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 20467 3936 3 Canadensis Canadensis NNP 20467 3936 4 , , , 20467 3936 5 Carr Carr NNP 20467 3936 6 . . . 20467 3937 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3937 2 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 20467 3937 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3937 4 19 19 CD 20467 3937 5 , , , 20467 3937 6 20 20 CD 20467 3937 7 Tulip tulip NN 20467 3937 8 tree tree NN 20467 3937 9 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3937 10 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 3937 11 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 3937 12 , , , 20467 3937 13 L. L. NNP 20467 3937 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3937 15 104 104 CD 20467 3937 16 - - HYPH 20467 3937 17 106 106 CD 20467 3937 18 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 20467 3937 19 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3937 20 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 20467 3937 21 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 20467 3937 22 , , , 20467 3937 23 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3937 24 . . . 20467 3937 25 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3938 1 159 159 CD 20467 3938 2 , , , 20467 3938 3 160 160 CD 20467 3938 4 U u NN 20467 3938 5 = = NNS 20467 3938 6 Ulmaceæ.= Ulmaceæ.= NNP 20467 3938 7 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3938 8 Elm Elm NNP 20467 3938 9 family family NN 20467 3938 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3938 11 95 95 CD 20467 3938 12 - - SYM 20467 3938 13 102 102 CD 20467 3938 14 Celtis Celtis NNP 20467 3938 15 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3938 16 , , , 20467 3938 17 L. L. NNP 20467 3938 18 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 19 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 20467 3938 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 21 , , , 20467 3938 22 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 23 Nettle Nettle NNP 20467 3938 24 tree tree NN 20467 3938 25 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 26 , , , 20467 3938 27 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 28 Hoop Hoop NNP 20467 3938 29 ash ash NNP 20467 3938 30 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 31 , , , 20467 3938 32 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 33 Sugar Sugar NNP 20467 3938 34 berry berry NN 20467 3938 35 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 36 100 100 CD 20467 3938 37 - - SYM 20467 3938 38 102 102 CD 20467 3938 39 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3938 40 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3938 41 , , , 20467 3938 42 L. L. NNP 20467 3938 43 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 44 American American NNP 20467 3938 45 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 46 , , , 20467 3938 47 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 48 White White NNP 20467 3938 49 elm elm NNP 20467 3938 50 _ _ NNP 20467 3938 51 95 95 CD 20467 3938 52 - - SYM 20467 3938 53 97 97 CD 20467 3938 54 fulva fulva NN 20467 3938 55 , , , 20467 3938 56 Michx Michx NNP 20467 3938 57 . . . 20467 3939 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3939 2 Slippery Slippery NNP 20467 3939 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3939 4 , , , 20467 3939 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3939 6 Red Red NNP 20467 3939 7 elm elm NNP 20467 3939 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3939 9 97 97 CD 20467 3939 10 , , , 20467 3939 11 98 98 CD 20467 3939 12 puebescens puebescen NNS 20467 3939 13 , , , 20467 3939 14 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3939 15 . . . 20467 3940 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3940 2 Slippery Slippery NNP 20467 3940 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3940 4 , , , 20467 3940 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3940 6 Red Red NNP 20467 3940 7 elm elm NNP 20467 3940 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3940 9 97 97 CD 20467 3940 10 , , , 20467 3940 11 98 98 CD 20467 3940 12 racemosa racemosa NNS 20467 3940 13 , , , 20467 3940 14 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 3940 15 . . . 20467 3941 1 _ _ NNP 20467 3941 2 Cork Cork NNP 20467 3941 3 _ _ NNP 20467 3941 4 , , , 20467 3941 5 _ _ NNP 20467 3941 6 Rock Rock NNP 20467 3941 7 elm elm NNP 20467 3941 8 _ _ NNP 20467 3941 9 99 99 CD 20467 3941 10 , , , 20467 3941 11 100 100 CD 20467 3941 12 V V NNP 20467 3941 13 Viburnum Viburnum NNP 20467 3941 14 Lentago Lentago NNP 20467 3941 15 , , , 20467 3941 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3941 17 _ _ NNP 20467 3941 18 Sheep Sheep NNP 20467 3941 19 berry berry NN 20467 3941 20 _ _ NNP 20467 3941 21 168 168 CD 20467 3941 22 , , , 20467 3941 23 169 169 CD 20467 3941 24 W W NNP 20467 3941 25 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3941 26 family family NN 20467 3941 27 . . . 20467 3942 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3942 2 = = NFP 20467 3942 3 Juglandaceæ= Juglandaceæ= NNP 20467 3942 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3942 5 47 47 CD 20467 3942 6 - - SYM 20467 3942 7 57 57 CD 20467 3942 8 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3942 9 , , , 20467 3942 10 Black black JJ 20467 3942 11 walnut walnut NN 20467 3942 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3942 13 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 3942 14 nigra nigra NN 20467 3942 15 , , , 20467 3942 16 L. L. NNP 20467 3942 17 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3942 18 48 48 CD 20467 3942 19 , , , 20467 3942 20 49 49 CD 20467 3942 21 Butternut Butternut NNP 20467 3942 22 , , , 20467 3942 23 Oilnut Oilnut NNP 20467 3942 24 , , , 20467 3942 25 Lemon Lemon NNP 20467 3942 26 walnut walnut NN 20467 3942 27 . . . 20467 3943 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3943 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 20467 3943 3 cinerea cinerea NNP 20467 3943 4 , , , 20467 3943 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3943 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3943 7 46 46 CD 20467 3943 8 , , , 20467 3943 9 47 47 CD 20467 3943 10 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 20467 3943 11 , , , 20467 3943 12 White white JJ 20467 3943 13 - - HYPH 20467 3943 14 heart heart NN 20467 3943 15 hickory hickory NN 20467 3943 16 . . . 20467 3944 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3944 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3944 3 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 3944 4 , , , 20467 3944 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3944 6 . . . 20467 3944 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3945 1 51 51 CD 20467 3945 2 - - SYM 20467 3945 3 53 53 CD 20467 3945 4 Walnut Walnut NNP 20467 3945 5 , , , 20467 3945 6 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 20467 3945 7 , , , 20467 3945 8 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 20467 3945 9 hickory hickory NN 20467 3945 10 . . . 20467 3946 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3946 2 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3946 3 alba alba NNS 20467 3946 4 , , , 20467 3946 5 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3946 6 . . . 20467 3946 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3947 1 49 49 CD 20467 3947 2 - - SYM 20467 3947 3 51 51 CD 20467 3947 4 Water Water NNP 20467 3947 5 beech beech NN 20467 3947 6 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3947 7 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 20467 3947 8 Caroliniana Caroliniana NNP 20467 3947 9 , , , 20467 3947 10 Walt Walt NNP 20467 3947 11 . . . 20467 3947 12 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3948 1 59 59 CD 20467 3948 2 , , , 20467 3948 3 60 60 CD 20467 3948 4 oak oak NN 20467 3948 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3948 6 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3948 7 palustris palustri NNS 20467 3948 8 , , , 20467 3948 9 Du Du NNP 20467 3948 10 Roi Roi NNP 20467 3948 11 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3948 12 91 91 CD 20467 3948 13 - - SYM 20467 3948 14 93 93 CD 20467 3948 15 spruce spruce NN 20467 3948 16 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3948 17 Picea picea JJ 20467 3948 18 nigra nigra NN 20467 3948 19 , , , 20467 3948 20 Link Link NNP 20467 3948 21 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3948 22 12 12 CD 20467 3948 23 - - SYM 20467 3948 24 14 14 CD 20467 3948 25 Watson Watson NNP 20467 3948 26 , , , 20467 3948 27 Thomas Thomas NNP 20467 3948 28 , , , 20467 3948 29 Braintree Braintree NNP 20467 3948 30 , , , 20467 3948 31 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 20467 3948 32 , , , 20467 3948 33 _ _ NNP 20467 3948 34 Ilex Ilex NNP 20467 3948 35 opaca opaca NN 20467 3948 36 _ _ NNP 20467 3948 37 , , , 20467 3948 38 on on IN 20467 3948 39 estate estate NN 20467 3948 40 of of IN 20467 3948 41 139 139 CD 20467 3948 42 Whistlewood Whistlewood NNP 20467 3948 43 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3948 44 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3948 45 Pennsylvanicum Pennsylvanicum NNP 20467 3948 46 , , , 20467 3948 47 L. L. NNP 20467 3948 48 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3948 49 149 149 CD 20467 3948 50 - - SYM 20467 3948 51 151 151 CD 20467 3948 52 White white JJ 20467 3948 53 ash ash NN 20467 3948 54 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3948 55 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 20467 3948 56 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3948 57 , , , 20467 3948 58 L. L. NNP 20467 3948 59 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3948 60 162 162 CD 20467 3948 61 - - SYM 20467 3948 62 164 164 CD 20467 3948 63 birch birch NN 20467 3948 64 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3948 65 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3948 66 papyrifera papyrifera NN 20467 3948 67 , , , 20467 3948 68 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3948 69 . . . 20467 3948 70 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3949 1 68 68 CD 20467 3949 2 - - SYM 20467 3949 3 70 70 CD 20467 3949 4 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3949 5 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3949 6 populifolia populifolia NN 20467 3949 7 , , , 20467 3949 8 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3949 9 . . . 20467 3949 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3950 1 66 66 CD 20467 3950 2 - - SYM 20467 3950 3 68 68 CD 20467 3950 4 cedar cedar NN 20467 3950 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3950 6 Cupressus Cupressus NNP 20467 3950 7 thyoides thyoide NNS 20467 3950 8 , , , 20467 3950 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3950 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3950 11 25 25 CD 20467 3950 12 , , , 20467 3950 13 26 26 CD 20467 3950 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3950 15 Thuja Thuja NNP 20467 3950 16 occidentalis occidentali NNS 20467 3950 17 , , , 20467 3950 18 L. L. NNP 20467 3950 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3950 20 23 23 CD 20467 3950 21 , , , 20467 3950 22 24 24 CD 20467 3950 23 elm elm NN 20467 3950 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3950 25 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 20467 3950 26 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3950 27 , , , 20467 3950 28 L. L. NNP 20467 3950 29 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3950 30 95 95 CD 20467 3950 31 - - SYM 20467 3950 32 97 97 CD 20467 3950 33 hickory hickory NN 20467 3950 34 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3950 35 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3950 36 porcina porcina NNP 20467 3950 37 , , , 20467 3950 38 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3950 39 . . . 20467 3950 40 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 1 53 53 CD 20467 3951 2 - - SYM 20467 3951 3 55 55 CD 20467 3951 4 maple maple NN 20467 3951 5 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 6 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3951 7 rubrum rubrum NN 20467 3951 8 , , , 20467 3951 9 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 10 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 11 140 140 CD 20467 3951 12 - - HYPH 20467 3951 13 142 142 CD 20467 3951 14 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 15 Acer Acer NNP 20467 3951 16 saccharinum saccharinum NN 20467 3951 17 , , , 20467 3951 18 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 19 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 20 142 142 CD 20467 3951 21 - - SYM 20467 3951 22 144 144 CD 20467 3951 23 mulberry mulberry NN 20467 3951 24 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 25 Morus Morus NNP 20467 3951 26 alba alba NNS 20467 3951 27 , , , 20467 3951 28 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 29 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 30 104 104 CD 20467 3951 31 oak oak NN 20467 3951 32 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 33 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3951 34 alba alba VBZ 20467 3951 35 , , , 20467 3951 36 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 37 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 38 75 75 CD 20467 3951 39 - - SYM 20467 3951 40 77 77 CD 20467 3951 41 pine pine NN 20467 3951 42 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 43 Pinus Pinus NNP 20467 3951 44 Strobus Strobus NNP 20467 3951 45 , , , 20467 3951 46 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 47 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 48 4 4 CD 20467 3951 49 - - SYM 20467 3951 50 6 6 CD 20467 3951 51 poplar poplar NN 20467 3951 52 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 53 Populus Populus NNP 20467 3951 54 alba alba NNS 20467 3951 55 , , , 20467 3951 56 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 57 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 58 39 39 CD 20467 3951 59 , , , 20467 3951 60 40 40 CD 20467 3951 61 spruce spruce NN 20467 3951 62 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 63 Picea Picea NNP 20467 3951 64 alba alba NNS 20467 3951 65 , , , 20467 3951 66 Link Link NNP 20467 3951 67 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 68 16 16 CD 20467 3951 69 - - SYM 20467 3951 70 18 18 CD 20467 3951 71 willow willow NN 20467 3951 72 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 73 Salix Salix NNP 20467 3951 74 alba alba VBZ 20467 3951 75 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 76 43 43 CD 20467 3951 77 , , , 20467 3951 78 45 45 CD 20467 3951 79 , , , 20467 3951 80 46 46 CD 20467 3951 81 White white JJ 20467 3951 82 - - HYPH 20467 3951 83 heart heart NN 20467 3951 84 hickory hickory NN 20467 3951 85 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 86 Carya Carya NNP 20467 3951 87 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 20467 3951 88 , , , 20467 3951 89 Nutt Nutt NNP 20467 3951 90 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 91 51 51 CD 20467 3951 92 - - SYM 20467 3951 93 53 53 CD 20467 3951 94 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3951 95 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 96 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 20467 3951 97 Tulipifera Tulipifera NNP 20467 3951 98 , , , 20467 3951 99 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 100 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 101 104 104 CD 20467 3951 102 - - HYPH 20467 3951 103 106 106 CD 20467 3951 104 Whitewood Whitewood NNP 20467 3951 105 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 106 Tilia Tilia NNP 20467 3951 107 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3951 108 , , , 20467 3951 109 L. L. NNP 20467 3951 110 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3951 111 153 153 CD 20467 3951 112 - - HYPH 20467 3951 113 155 155 CD 20467 3951 114 Wild wild JJ 20467 3951 115 plum plum NN 20467 3951 116 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3951 117 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3951 118 Americana Americana NNP 20467 3951 119 , , , 20467 3951 120 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3951 121 . . . 20467 3951 122 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3952 1 171 171 CD 20467 3952 2 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3952 3 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3952 4 nigra nigra NN 20467 3952 5 , , , 20467 3952 6 Ait Ait NNP 20467 3952 7 . . . 20467 3952 8 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3953 1 122 122 CD 20467 3953 2 , , , 20467 3953 3 123 123 CD 20467 3953 4 , , , 20467 3953 5 171 171 CD 20467 3953 6 red red JJ 20467 3953 7 cherry cherry NN 20467 3953 8 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3953 9 Prunus Prunus NNP 20467 3953 10 Pennsylvanica Pennsylvanica NNP 20467 3953 11 , , , 20467 3953 12 L. L. NNP 20467 3953 13 f. f. NNP 20467 3953 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3953 15 124 124 CD 20467 3953 16 , , , 20467 3953 17 125 125 CD 20467 3953 18 Willow Willow NNP 20467 3953 19 family family NN 20467 3953 20 . . . 20467 3954 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3954 2 = = DT 20467 3954 3 Salicaceæ= Salicaceæ= VBN 20467 3954 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3954 5 28 28 CD 20467 3954 6 - - SYM 20467 3954 7 46 46 CD 20467 3954 8 Willow willow NN 20467 3954 9 , , , 20467 3954 10 Black black JJ 20467 3954 11 willow willow NN 20467 3954 12 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3954 13 Salix salix NN 20467 3954 14 nigra nigra NN 20467 3954 15 , , , 20467 3954 16 Marsh Marsh NNP 20467 3954 17 . . . 20467 3954 18 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3955 1 42 42 CD 20467 3955 2 , , , 20467 3955 3 43 43 CD 20467 3955 4 Crack crack NN 20467 3955 5 , , , 20467 3955 6 Brittle Brittle NNP 20467 3955 7 willow willow NN 20467 3955 8 . . . 20467 3956 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3956 2 Salix salix NN 20467 3956 3 fragilis fragili NNS 20467 3956 4 , , , 20467 3956 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3956 6 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3956 7 43 43 CD 20467 3956 8 - - SYM 20467 3956 9 45 45 CD 20467 3956 10 Pussy Pussy NNP 20467 3956 11 willow willow NN 20467 3956 12 , , , 20467 3956 13 Glaucous glaucous JJ 20467 3956 14 willow willow NN 20467 3956 15 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3956 16 Salix salix NN 20467 3956 17 discolor discolor NN 20467 3956 18 , , , 20467 3956 19 Muhl Muhl NNP 20467 3956 20 . . . 20467 3956 21 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3957 1 40 40 CD 20467 3957 2 , , , 20467 3957 3 41 41 CD 20467 3957 4 , , , 20467 3957 5 171 171 CD 20467 3957 6 White White NNP 20467 3957 7 willow willow VBP 20467 3957 8 . . . 20467 3958 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3958 2 Salix Salix NNP 20467 3958 3 alba alba VBZ 20467 3958 4 , , , 20467 3958 5 L. L. NNP 20467 3958 6 , , , 20467 3958 7 _ _ NNP 20467 3958 8 var var NN 20467 3958 9 . . . 20467 3958 10 _ _ NNP 20467 3958 11 vitellina vitellina NN 20467 3958 12 , , , 20467 3958 13 Koch Koch NNP 20467 3958 14 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3958 15 45 45 CD 20467 3958 16 , , , 20467 3958 17 46 46 CD 20467 3958 18 Witch witch NN 20467 3958 19 hazel hazel NN 20467 3958 20 family family NN 20467 3958 21 . . . 20467 3959 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3959 2 = = NFP 20467 3959 3 Hamamelidaceæ= hamamelidaceæ= ADD 20467 3959 4 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3959 5 108 108 CD 20467 3959 6 , , , 20467 3959 7 109 109 CD 20467 3959 8 Y Y NNP 20467 3959 9 Yellow yellow JJ 20467 3959 10 birch birch NN 20467 3959 11 . . . 20467 3960 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3960 2 Betula Betula NNP 20467 3960 3 lutea lutea JJ 20467 3960 4 , , , 20467 3960 5 Michx michx UH 20467 3960 6 . . . 20467 3961 1 f. f. NNP 20467 3961 2 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3961 3 63 63 CD 20467 3961 4 , , , 20467 3961 5 64 64 CD 20467 3961 6 oak oak NN 20467 3961 7 . . . 20467 3962 1 ( ( -LRB- 20467 3962 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 20467 3962 3 velutina velutina NN 20467 3962 4 , , , 20467 3962 5 Lam Lam NNP 20467 3962 6 . . . 20467 3962 7 ) ) -RRB- 20467 3963 1 89 89 CD 20467 3963 2 - - SYM 20467 3963 3 91 91 CD