id sid tid token lemma pos 39396 1 1 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 39396 1 2 OF of IN 39396 1 3 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 1 4 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 39396 1 5 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 39396 1 6 OF of IN 39396 1 7 NATURAL natural JJ 39396 1 8 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 39396 1 9 Volume volume NN 39396 1 10 8 8 CD 39396 1 11 , , , 39396 1 12 No no UH 39396 1 13 . . . 39396 2 1 6 6 CD 39396 2 2 , , , 39396 2 3 pp pp NNP 39396 2 4 . . . 39396 3 1 361 361 CD 39396 3 2 - - HYPH 39396 3 3 416 416 CD 39396 3 4 , , , 39396 3 5 19 19 CD 39396 3 6 figures figure NNS 39396 3 7 in in IN 39396 3 8 text text NN 39396 3 9 ---------------------- ---------------------- NFP 39396 3 10 April April NNP 39396 3 11 2 2 CD 39396 3 12 , , , 39396 3 13 1956 1956 CD 39396 3 14 ----------------------- ----------------------- NFP 39396 3 15 A A NNP 39396 3 16 Population Population NNP 39396 3 17 Study Study NNP 39396 3 18 of of IN 39396 3 19 the the DT 39396 3 20 Prairie Prairie NNP 39396 3 21 Vole Vole NNP 39396 3 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 3 23 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 3 24 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 3 25 ) ) -RRB- 39396 3 26 in in IN 39396 3 27 Northeastern Northeastern NNP 39396 3 28 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 3 29 BY by IN 39396 3 30 EDWIN EDWIN NNP 39396 3 31 P. P. NNP 39396 3 32 MARTIN MARTIN NNP 39396 3 33 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 39396 3 34 OF of IN 39396 3 35 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 3 36 LAWRENCE LAWRENCE NNP 39396 3 37 1956 1956 CD 39396 3 38 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 39396 3 39 OF of IN 39396 3 40 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 3 41 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 39396 3 42 , , , 39396 3 43 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 39396 3 44 OF of IN 39396 3 45 NATURAL natural JJ 39396 3 46 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 39396 3 47 Editors Editors NNPS 39396 3 48 : : : 39396 3 49 E. E. NNP 39396 3 50 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 3 51 Hall Hall NNP 39396 3 52 , , , 39396 3 53 Chairman Chairman NNP 39396 3 54 , , , 39396 3 55 A. a. NN 39396 3 56 Byron Byron NNP 39396 3 57 Leonard Leonard NNP 39396 3 58 , , , 39396 3 59 Robert Robert NNP 39396 3 60 W. W. NNP 39396 3 61 Wilson Wilson NNP 39396 3 62 Volume Volume NNP 39396 3 63 8 8 CD 39396 3 64 , , , 39396 3 65 No no UH 39396 3 66 . . . 39396 4 1 6 6 CD 39396 4 2 , , , 39396 4 3 pp pp NNP 39396 4 4 . . . 39396 5 1 361 361 CD 39396 5 2 - - HYPH 39396 5 3 416 416 CD 39396 5 4 , , , 39396 5 5 19 19 CD 39396 5 6 figures figure NNS 39396 5 7 in in IN 39396 5 8 text text NN 39396 5 9 Published publish VBN 39396 5 10 April April NNP 39396 5 11 2 2 CD 39396 5 12 , , , 39396 5 13 1956 1956 CD 39396 5 14 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 39396 5 15 OF of IN 39396 5 16 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 5 17 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 39396 5 18 , , , 39396 5 19 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 5 20 PRINTED print VBD 39396 5 21 BY by IN 39396 5 22 FERD FERD NNP 39396 5 23 VOILAND VOILAND NNP 39396 5 24 , , , 39396 5 25 JR JR NNP 39396 5 26 . . NNP 39396 5 27 , , , 39396 5 28 STATE STATE NNP 39396 5 29 PRINTER PRINTER NNP 39396 5 30 TOPEKA TOPEKA NNP 39396 5 31 , , , 39396 5 32 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 5 33 1956 1956 CD 39396 5 34 25 25 CD 39396 5 35 - - HYPH 39396 5 36 9225 9225 CD 39396 5 37 CONTENTS CONTENTS NNP 39396 5 38 PAGE page NN 39396 5 39 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 39396 5 40 363 363 CD 39396 5 41 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 39396 5 42 METHODS METHODS NNP 39396 5 43 364 364 CD 39396 5 44 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 39396 5 45 366 366 CD 39396 5 46 POPULATION population NN 39396 5 47 STRUCTURE structure NN 39396 5 48 373 373 CD 39396 5 49 POPULATION population NN 39396 5 50 DENSITY density NN 39396 5 51 376 376 CD 39396 5 52 HOME home NN 39396 5 53 RANGE RANGE NNS 39396 5 54 380 380 CD 39396 5 55 LIFE life NN 39396 5 56 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 39396 5 57 383 383 CD 39396 5 58 Reproduction reproduction NN 39396 5 59 383 383 CD 39396 5 60 Litter Litter NNP 39396 5 61 Size Size NNP 39396 5 62 and and CC 39396 5 63 Weight Weight NNP 39396 5 64 386 386 CD 39396 5 65 Size size NN 39396 5 66 , , , 39396 5 67 Growth growth NN 39396 5 68 Rates Rates NNPS 39396 5 69 and and CC 39396 5 70 Life Life NNP 39396 5 71 Spans Spans NNP 39396 5 72 388 388 CD 39396 5 73 Food Food NNP 39396 5 74 Habits Habits NNPS 39396 5 75 397 397 NNP 39396 5 76 Runways Runways NNPS 39396 5 77 and and CC 39396 5 78 Nests nest VBZ 39396 5 79 398 398 CD 39396 5 80 Activity activity NN 39396 5 81 400 400 CD 39396 5 82 PREDATION predation NN 39396 5 83 401 401 CD 39396 5 84 MAMMALIAN MAMMALIAN NNP 39396 5 85 ASSOCIATES ASSOCIATES NNP 39396 5 86 403 403 CD 39396 5 87 SUMMARY SUMMARY NNS 39396 5 88 AND and CC 39396 5 89 CONCLUSIONS conclusion NNS 39396 5 90 408 408 CD 39396 5 91 LITERATURE literature NN 39396 5 92 CITED cite VBD 39396 5 93 411 411 CD 39396 5 94 A A NNP 39396 5 95 POPULATION population NN 39396 5 96 STUDY STUDY NNP 39396 5 97 OF of IN 39396 5 98 THE the DT 39396 5 99 PRAIRIE prairie NN 39396 5 100 VOLE VOLE NNP 39396 5 101 ( ( -LRB- 39396 5 102 MICROTUS MICROTUS NNP 39396 5 103 OCHROGASTER OCHROGASTER NNP 39396 5 104 ) ) -RRB- 39396 5 105 IN in IN 39396 5 106 NORTHEASTERN NORTHEASTERN NNP 39396 5 107 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 5 108 By by IN 39396 5 109 Edwin Edwin NNP 39396 5 110 P. P. NNP 39396 5 111 Martin Martin NNP 39396 5 112 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION VBD 39396 5 113 Perhaps perhaps RB 39396 5 114 the the DT 39396 5 115 most most RBS 39396 5 116 important important JJ 39396 5 117 species specie NNS 39396 5 118 of of IN 39396 5 119 mammal mammal NN 39396 5 120 in in IN 39396 5 121 the the DT 39396 5 122 grasslands grassland NNS 39396 5 123 of of IN 39396 5 124 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 5 125 and and CC 39396 5 126 neighboring neighboring NN 39396 5 127 states state NNS 39396 5 128 is be VBZ 39396 5 129 the the DT 39396 5 130 prairie prairie NNP 39396 5 131 vole vole NNP 39396 5 132 , , , 39396 5 133 _ _ NNP 39396 5 134 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 5 135 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 5 136 _ _ NNP 39396 5 137 ( ( -LRB- 39396 5 138 Wagner Wagner NNP 39396 5 139 ) ) -RRB- 39396 5 140 . . . 39396 6 1 Because because IN 39396 6 2 of of IN 39396 6 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 6 4 abundance abundance NN 39396 6 5 this this DT 39396 6 6 vole vole NNP 39396 6 7 exerts exert VBZ 39396 6 8 a a DT 39396 6 9 profound profound JJ 39396 6 10 influence influence NN 39396 6 11 on on IN 39396 6 12 the the DT 39396 6 13 quantity quantity NN 39396 6 14 and and CC 39396 6 15 composition composition NN 39396 6 16 of of IN 39396 6 17 the the DT 39396 6 18 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 6 19 by by IN 39396 6 20 feeding feed VBG 39396 6 21 , , , 39396 6 22 trampling trampling NN 39396 6 23 and and CC 39396 6 24 burrowing burrowing NN 39396 6 25 ; ; : 39396 6 26 also also RB 39396 6 27 it -PRON- PRP 39396 6 28 is be VBZ 39396 6 29 important important JJ 39396 6 30 in in IN 39396 6 31 food food NN 39396 6 32 chains chain NNS 39396 6 33 which which WDT 39396 6 34 sustain sustain VBP 39396 6 35 many many JJ 39396 6 36 other other JJ 39396 6 37 mammals mammal NNS 39396 6 38 , , , 39396 6 39 reptiles reptile NNS 39396 6 40 and and CC 39396 6 41 birds bird NNS 39396 6 42 . . . 39396 7 1 Although although IN 39396 7 2 the the DT 39396 7 3 closely closely RB 39396 7 4 related relate VBN 39396 7 5 meadow meadow NNP 39396 7 6 vole vole NNP 39396 7 7 , , , 39396 7 8 _ _ NNP 39396 7 9 M. M. NNP 39396 8 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 8 2 _ _ NNP 39396 8 3 , , , 39396 8 4 of of IN 39396 8 5 the the DT 39396 8 6 eastern eastern JJ 39396 8 7 United United NNP 39396 8 8 States States NNP 39396 8 9 , , , 39396 8 10 has have VBZ 39396 8 11 been be VBN 39396 8 12 studied study VBN 39396 8 13 both both CC 39396 8 14 extensively extensively RB 39396 8 15 and and CC 39396 8 16 intensively intensively RB 39396 8 17 , , , 39396 8 18 relatively relatively RB 39396 8 19 little little JJ 39396 8 20 information information NN 39396 8 21 concerning concern VBG 39396 8 22 _ _ NNP 39396 8 23 M. M. NNP 39396 9 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 9 2 _ _ NNP 39396 9 3 has have VBZ 39396 9 4 been be VBN 39396 9 5 accumulated accumulate VBN 39396 9 6 heretofore heretofore RB 39396 9 7 . . . 39396 10 1 I -PRON- PRP 39396 10 2 acknowledge acknowledge VBP 39396 10 3 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 10 4 indebtedness indebtedness NN 39396 10 5 to to IN 39396 10 6 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 10 7 Henry Henry NNP 39396 10 8 S. S. NNP 39396 10 9 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 10 10 , , , 39396 10 11 resident resident JJ 39396 10 12 investigator investigator NN 39396 10 13 on on IN 39396 10 14 the the DT 39396 10 15 University University NNP 39396 10 16 of of IN 39396 10 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 10 18 Natural Natural NNP 39396 10 19 History History NNP 39396 10 20 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 10 21 . . . 39396 11 1 In in IN 39396 11 2 addition addition NN 39396 11 3 to to IN 39396 11 4 supplying supply VBG 39396 11 5 guidance guidance NN 39396 11 6 and and CC 39396 11 7 encouragement encouragement NN 39396 11 8 in in IN 39396 11 9 both both CC 39396 11 10 the the DT 39396 11 11 planning planning NN 39396 11 12 and and CC 39396 11 13 execution execution NN 39396 11 14 of of IN 39396 11 15 the the DT 39396 11 16 investigation investigation NN 39396 11 17 , , , 39396 11 18 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 11 19 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 11 20 made make VBD 39396 11 21 available available JJ 39396 11 22 for for IN 39396 11 23 study study NN 39396 11 24 the the DT 39396 11 25 data datum NNS 39396 11 26 from from IN 39396 11 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 11 28 extensive extensive JJ 39396 11 29 field field NN 39396 11 30 work work NN 39396 11 31 . . . 39396 12 1 Interest interest NN 39396 12 2 in in IN 39396 12 3 and and CC 39396 12 4 understanding understanding NN 39396 12 5 of of IN 39396 12 6 ecology ecology NN 39396 12 7 were be VBD 39396 12 8 stimulated stimulate VBN 39396 12 9 by by IN 39396 12 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 12 11 teaching teaching NN 39396 12 12 and and CC 39396 12 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 12 14 example example NN 39396 12 15 . . . 39396 13 1 Special special JJ 39396 13 2 debts debt NNS 39396 13 3 are be VBP 39396 13 4 also also RB 39396 13 5 acknowledged acknowledge VBN 39396 13 6 to to IN 39396 13 7 Mr. Mr. NNP 39396 13 8 John John NNP 39396 13 9 Poole Poole NNP 39396 13 10 for for IN 39396 13 11 the the DT 39396 13 12 use use NN 39396 13 13 of of IN 39396 13 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 13 15 field field NN 39396 13 16 notes note NNS 39396 13 17 and and CC 39396 13 18 to to IN 39396 13 19 Professor Professor NNP 39396 13 20 E. E. NNP 39396 13 21 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 13 22 Hall Hall NNP 39396 13 23 , , , 39396 13 24 Chairman Chairman NNP 39396 13 25 of of IN 39396 13 26 the the DT 39396 13 27 Department Department NNP 39396 13 28 of of IN 39396 13 29 Zoology Zoology NNP 39396 13 30 , , , 39396 13 31 for for IN 39396 13 32 several several JJ 39396 13 33 courtesies courtesy NNS 39396 13 34 . . . 39396 14 1 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 14 2 R. R. NNP 39396 14 3 L. L. NNP 39396 14 4 McGregor McGregor NNP 39396 14 5 of of IN 39396 14 6 the the DT 39396 14 7 Department Department NNP 39396 14 8 of of IN 39396 14 9 Botany Botany NNP 39396 14 10 at at IN 39396 14 11 the the DT 39396 14 12 University University NNP 39396 14 13 of of IN 39396 14 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 14 15 assisted assist VBD 39396 14 16 with with IN 39396 14 17 the the DT 39396 14 18 identification identification NN 39396 14 19 of of IN 39396 14 20 some some DT 39396 14 21 of of IN 39396 14 22 the the DT 39396 14 23 plants plant NNS 39396 14 24 . . . 39396 15 1 Drawings drawing NNS 39396 15 2 of of IN 39396 15 3 skulls skull NNS 39396 15 4 were be VBD 39396 15 5 made make VBN 39396 15 6 by by IN 39396 15 7 Victor Victor NNP 39396 15 8 Hogg Hogg NNP 39396 15 9 . . . 39396 16 1 Of of IN 39396 16 2 the the DT 39396 16 3 numerous numerous JJ 39396 16 4 publications publication NNS 39396 16 5 concerning concern VBG 39396 16 6 _ _ NNP 39396 16 7 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 16 8 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NN 39396 16 9 _ _ NNP 39396 16 10 , , , 39396 16 11 those those DT 39396 16 12 of of IN 39396 16 13 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 16 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 16 15 1924 1924 CD 39396 16 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 16 17 , , , 39396 16 18 Blair Blair NNP 39396 16 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 16 20 1940 1940 CD 39396 16 21 ; ; SYM 39396 16 22 1948 1948 CD 39396 16 23 ) ) -RRB- 39396 16 24 and and CC 39396 16 25 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 16 26 ( ( -LRB- 39396 16 27 1937a 1937a CD 39396 16 28 ; ; : 39396 16 29 1937c 1937c NNS 39396 16 30 ; ; : 39396 16 31 1940 1940 CD 39396 16 32 ; ; : 39396 16 33 1941 1941 CD 39396 16 34 ) ) -RRB- 39396 16 35 were be VBD 39396 16 36 especially especially RB 39396 16 37 useful useful JJ 39396 16 38 in in IN 39396 16 39 supplying supply VBG 39396 16 40 background background NN 39396 16 41 and and CC 39396 16 42 suggesting suggest VBG 39396 16 43 methods method NNS 39396 16 44 for for IN 39396 16 45 the the DT 39396 16 46 present present JJ 39396 16 47 study study NN 39396 16 48 . . . 39396 17 1 Publications publication NNS 39396 17 2 not not RB 39396 17 3 concerned concern VBN 39396 17 4 primarily primarily RB 39396 17 5 with with IN 39396 17 6 voles vole NNS 39396 17 7 , , , 39396 17 8 that that WDT 39396 17 9 were be VBD 39396 17 10 especially especially RB 39396 17 11 valuable valuable JJ 39396 17 12 to to IN 39396 17 13 me -PRON- PRP 39396 17 14 in in IN 39396 17 15 providing provide VBG 39396 17 16 methods method NNS 39396 17 17 and and CC 39396 17 18 interpretations interpretation NNS 39396 17 19 applicable applicable JJ 39396 17 20 to to IN 39396 17 21 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 17 22 study study NN 39396 17 23 , , , 39396 17 24 were be VBD 39396 17 25 those those DT 39396 17 26 of of IN 39396 17 27 Blair Blair NNP 39396 17 28 ( ( -LRB- 39396 17 29 1941 1941 CD 39396 17 30 ) ) -RRB- 39396 17 31 , , , 39396 17 32 Hayne Hayne NNP 39396 17 33 ( ( -LRB- 39396 17 34 1949a 1949a CD 39396 17 35 ; ; : 39396 17 36 1949b 1949b CD 39396 17 37 ) ) -RRB- 39396 17 38 , , , 39396 17 39 Mohr Mohr NNP 39396 17 40 ( ( -LRB- 39396 17 41 1943 1943 CD 39396 17 42 ; ; : 39396 17 43 1947 1947 CD 39396 17 44 ) ) -RRB- 39396 17 45 , , , 39396 17 46 Stickel Stickel NNP 39396 17 47 ( ( -LRB- 39396 17 48 1946 1946 CD 39396 17 49 ; ; : 39396 17 50 1948 1948 CD 39396 17 51 ) ) -RRB- 39396 17 52 and and CC 39396 17 53 Summerhayes Summerhayes NNP 39396 17 54 ( ( -LRB- 39396 17 55 1941 1941 CD 39396 17 56 ) ) -RRB- 39396 17 57 . . . 39396 18 1 Faunal faunal JJ 39396 18 2 and and CC 39396 18 3 ecological ecological JJ 39396 18 4 reports report NNS 39396 18 5 dealing deal VBG 39396 18 6 with with IN 39396 18 7 _ _ NNP 39396 18 8 M. M. NNP 39396 19 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 19 2 _ _ NNP 39396 19 3 and and CC 39396 19 4 containing contain VBG 39396 19 5 useful useful JJ 39396 19 6 information information NN 39396 19 7 on on IN 39396 19 8 habits habit NNS 39396 19 9 and and CC 39396 19 10 habitat habitat NN 39396 19 11 included include VBD 39396 19 12 those those DT 39396 19 13 of of IN 39396 19 14 Black Black NNP 39396 19 15 ( ( -LRB- 39396 19 16 1937:200 1937:200 CD 39396 19 17 - - SYM 39396 19 18 202 202 CD 39396 19 19 ) ) -RRB- 39396 19 20 , , , 39396 19 21 Brumwell Brumwell NNP 39396 19 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 19 23 1951:193 1951:193 CD 39396 19 24 - - SYM 39396 19 25 200 200 CD 39396 19 26 ; ; : 39396 19 27 213 213 CD 39396 19 28 ) ) -RRB- 39396 19 29 , , , 39396 19 30 Dice Dice NNP 39396 19 31 ( ( -LRB- 39396 19 32 1922:46 1922:46 CD 39396 19 33 ) ) -RRB- 39396 19 34 and and CC 39396 19 35 Johnson Johnson NNP 39396 19 36 ( ( -LRB- 39396 19 37 1926 1926 CD 39396 19 38 ) ) -RRB- 39396 19 39 . . . 39396 20 1 Lantz Lantz NNP 39396 20 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 20 3 1907 1907 CD 39396 20 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 20 5 discussed discuss VBD 39396 20 6 the the DT 39396 20 7 economic economic JJ 39396 20 8 relationships relationship NNS 39396 20 9 of of IN 39396 20 10 _ _ NNP 39396 20 11 M. M. NNP 39396 21 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 21 2 _ _ NNP 39396 21 3 ; ; : 39396 21 4 the the DT 39396 21 5 section section NN 39396 21 6 of of IN 39396 21 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 21 8 report report NN 39396 21 9 concerning concern VBG 39396 21 10 the the DT 39396 21 11 effects effect NNS 39396 21 12 of of IN 39396 21 13 voles vole NNS 39396 21 14 on on IN 39396 21 15 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 21 16 was be VBD 39396 21 17 especially especially RB 39396 21 18 useful useful JJ 39396 21 19 to to IN 39396 21 20 me -PRON- PRP 39396 21 21 . . . 39396 22 1 Fisher Fisher NNP 39396 22 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 22 3 1945 1945 CD 39396 22 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 22 5 studied study VBD 39396 22 6 the the DT 39396 22 7 voles vole NNS 39396 22 8 of of IN 39396 22 9 central central JJ 39396 22 10 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 22 11 and and CC 39396 22 12 obtained obtain VBD 39396 22 13 information information NN 39396 22 14 concerning concern VBG 39396 22 15 food food NN 39396 22 16 habits habit NNS 39396 22 17 and and CC 39396 22 18 nesting nest VBG 39396 22 19 behavior behavior NN 39396 22 20 . . . 39396 23 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 23 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 23 3 1947 1947 CD 39396 23 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 23 5 studied study VBD 39396 23 6 _ _ NNP 39396 23 7 M. M. NNP 39396 24 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 24 2 _ _ NNP 39396 24 3 on on IN 39396 24 4 and and CC 39396 24 5 near near IN 39396 24 6 the the DT 39396 24 7 campus campus NN 39396 24 8 of of IN 39396 24 9 the the DT 39396 24 10 University University NNP 39396 24 11 of of IN 39396 24 12 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 24 13 . . . 39396 25 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 39396 25 2 report report NN 39396 25 3 is be VBZ 39396 25 4 especially especially RB 39396 25 5 valuable valuable JJ 39396 25 6 in in IN 39396 25 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 25 8 treatment treatment NN 39396 25 9 of of IN 39396 25 10 the the DT 39396 25 11 ectoparasites ectoparasite NNS 39396 25 12 of of IN 39396 25 13 voles vole NNS 39396 25 14 . . . 39396 26 1 In in IN 39396 26 2 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 26 3 investigation investigation NN 39396 26 4 I -PRON- PRP 39396 26 5 have have VBP 39396 26 6 concentrated concentrate VBN 39396 26 7 on on IN 39396 26 8 those those DT 39396 26 9 aspects aspect NNS 39396 26 10 of of IN 39396 26 11 the the DT 39396 26 12 ecology ecology NN 39396 26 13 of of IN 39396 26 14 voles vole NNS 39396 26 15 not not RB 39396 26 16 treated treat VBN 39396 26 17 at at RB 39396 26 18 all all RB 39396 26 19 by by IN 39396 26 20 Fisher Fisher NNP 39396 26 21 and and CC 39396 26 22 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 26 23 , , , 39396 26 24 or or CC 39396 26 25 mentioned mention VBN 39396 26 26 but but CC 39396 26 27 not not RB 39396 26 28 adequately adequately RB 39396 26 29 explored explore VBN 39396 26 30 by by IN 39396 26 31 them -PRON- PRP 39396 26 32 . . . 39396 27 1 Also also RB 39396 27 2 I -PRON- PRP 39396 27 3 have have VBP 39396 27 4 attempted attempt VBN 39396 27 5 to to TO 39396 27 6 obtain obtain VB 39396 27 7 larger large JJR 39396 27 8 samples sample NNS 39396 27 9 . . . 39396 28 1 The the DT 39396 28 2 University University NNP 39396 28 3 of of IN 39396 28 4 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 28 5 Natural Natural NNP 39396 28 6 History History NNP 39396 28 7 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 28 8 , , , 39396 28 9 where where WRB 39396 28 10 almost almost RB 39396 28 11 all all DT 39396 28 12 of of IN 39396 28 13 the the DT 39396 28 14 field field NN 39396 28 15 work work NN 39396 28 16 was be VBD 39396 28 17 done do VBN 39396 28 18 , , , 39396 28 19 is be VBZ 39396 28 20 an an DT 39396 28 21 area area NN 39396 28 22 of of IN 39396 28 23 590 590 CD 39396 28 24 acres acre NNS 39396 28 25 , , , 39396 28 26 comprising comprise VBG 39396 28 27 the the DT 39396 28 28 northeastern northeastern RB 39396 28 29 - - HYPH 39396 28 30 most most JJS 39396 28 31 part part NN 39396 28 32 of of IN 39396 28 33 Douglas Douglas NNP 39396 28 34 County County NNP 39396 28 35 , , , 39396 28 36 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 28 37 . . . 39396 29 1 Situated situate VBN 39396 29 2 in in IN 39396 29 3 the the DT 39396 29 4 broad broad JJ 39396 29 5 ecotone ecotone NN 39396 29 6 between between IN 39396 29 7 the the DT 39396 29 8 deciduous deciduous JJ 39396 29 9 forest forest NN 39396 29 10 and and CC 39396 29 11 grassland grassland NN 39396 29 12 , , , 39396 29 13 the the DT 39396 29 14 reservation reservation NN 39396 29 15 provides provide VBZ 39396 29 16 a a DT 39396 29 17 variety variety NN 39396 29 18 of of IN 39396 29 19 habitat habitat JJ 39396 29 20 types type NNS 39396 29 21 ( ( -LRB- 39396 29 22 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 29 23 , , , 39396 29 24 1952 1952 CD 39396 29 25 ) ) -RRB- 39396 29 26 . . . 39396 30 1 Before before IN 39396 30 2 1948 1948 CD 39396 30 3 , , , 39396 30 4 much much JJ 39396 30 5 of of IN 39396 30 6 the the DT 39396 30 7 area area NN 39396 30 8 had have VBD 39396 30 9 been be VBN 39396 30 10 severely severely RB 39396 30 11 overgrazed overgraze VBN 39396 30 12 and and CC 39396 30 13 the the DT 39396 30 14 original original JJ 39396 30 15 grassland grassland NN 39396 30 16 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 30 17 had have VBD 39396 30 18 been be VBN 39396 30 19 largely largely RB 39396 30 20 replaced replace VBN 39396 30 21 by by IN 39396 30 22 weeds weed NNS 39396 30 23 . . . 39396 31 1 Since since IN 39396 31 2 1948 1948 CD 39396 31 3 there there EX 39396 31 4 has have VBZ 39396 31 5 been be VBN 39396 31 6 no no DT 39396 31 7 grazing grazing NN 39396 31 8 or or CC 39396 31 9 cultivation cultivation NN 39396 31 10 . . . 39396 32 1 The the DT 39396 32 2 grasses grass NNS 39396 32 3 have have VBP 39396 32 4 partially partially RB 39396 32 5 recovered recover VBN 39396 32 6 and and CC 39396 32 7 , , , 39396 32 8 in in IN 39396 32 9 the the DT 39396 32 10 summer summer NN 39396 32 11 of of IN 39396 32 12 1952 1952 CD 39396 32 13 , , , 39396 32 14 some some DT 39396 32 15 grasses grass NNS 39396 32 16 of of IN 39396 32 17 the the DT 39396 32 18 prairie prairie NN 39396 32 19 climax climax NNP 39396 32 20 were be VBD 39396 32 21 present present JJ 39396 32 22 even even RB 39396 32 23 on on IN 39396 32 24 the the DT 39396 32 25 parts part NNS 39396 32 26 of of IN 39396 32 27 the the DT 39396 32 28 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 32 29 which which WDT 39396 32 30 had have VBD 39396 32 31 been be VBN 39396 32 32 most most RBS 39396 32 33 heavily heavily RB 39396 32 34 overgrazed overgraze VBN 39396 32 35 . . . 39396 33 1 Illustrative illustrative JJ 39396 33 2 of of IN 39396 33 3 the the DT 39396 33 4 changes change NNS 39396 33 5 on on IN 39396 33 6 the the DT 39396 33 7 Reservation reservation NN 39396 33 8 were be VBD 39396 33 9 those those DT 39396 33 10 observed observe VBN 39396 33 11 in in IN 39396 33 12 House House NNP 39396 33 13 Field Field NNP 39396 33 14 by by IN 39396 33 15 Henry Henry NNP 39396 33 16 S. S. NNP 39396 33 17 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 33 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 33 19 1953 1953 CD 39396 33 20 : : : 39396 33 21 _ _ NNP 39396 33 22 in in IN 39396 33 23 litt litt NNP 39396 33 24 . . . 39396 33 25 _ _ NNP 39396 33 26 ) ) -RRB- 39396 33 27 . . . 39396 34 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 34 2 recalled recall VBD 39396 34 3 that that IN 39396 34 4 in in IN 39396 34 5 July July NNP 39396 34 6 , , , 39396 34 7 1948 1948 CD 39396 34 8 , , , 39396 34 9 the the DT 39396 34 10 field field NN 39396 34 11 supported support VBD 39396 34 12 a a DT 39396 34 13 closely closely RB 39396 34 14 grazed graze VBN 39396 34 15 , , , 39396 34 16 grassy grassy JJ 39396 34 17 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 34 18 providing provide VBG 39396 34 19 insufficient insufficient JJ 39396 34 20 cover cover NN 39396 34 21 for for IN 39396 34 22 _ _ NNP 39396 34 23 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 34 24 _ _ NNP 39396 34 25 , , , 39396 34 26 with with IN 39396 34 27 such such JJ 39396 34 28 coarse coarse JJ 39396 34 29 weeds weed NNS 39396 34 30 as as IN 39396 34 31 _ _ NNP 39396 34 32 Vernonia Vernonia NNP 39396 34 33 _ _ NNP 39396 34 34 , , , 39396 34 35 _ _ NNP 39396 34 36 Verbena Verbena NNP 39396 34 37 _ _ NNP 39396 34 38 and and CC 39396 34 39 _ _ NNP 39396 34 40 Solanum Solanum NNP 39396 34 41 _ _ NNP 39396 34 42 constituting constitute VBG 39396 34 43 a a DT 39396 34 44 large large JJ 39396 34 45 part part NN 39396 34 46 of of IN 39396 34 47 the the DT 39396 34 48 plant plant NN 39396 34 49 cover cover NN 39396 34 50 . . . 39396 35 1 By by IN 39396 35 2 1950 1950 CD 39396 35 3 , , , 39396 35 4 the the DT 39396 35 5 same same JJ 39396 35 6 area area NN 39396 35 7 supported support VBD 39396 35 8 a a DT 39396 35 9 lush lush JJ 39396 35 10 stand stand NN 39396 35 11 of of IN 39396 35 12 grass grass NN 39396 35 13 , , , 39396 35 14 principally principally RB 39396 35 15 _ _ NNP 39396 35 16 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 35 17 inermis inermis NNP 39396 35 18 _ _ NNP 39396 35 19 , , , 39396 35 20 and and CC 39396 35 21 supported support VBD 39396 35 22 many many JJ 39396 35 23 woody woody NN 39396 35 24 plants plant NNS 39396 35 25 . . . 39396 36 1 Similar similar JJ 39396 36 2 changes change NNS 39396 36 3 occurred occur VBD 39396 36 4 in in IN 39396 36 5 the the DT 39396 36 6 other other JJ 39396 36 7 study study NN 39396 36 8 areas area NNS 39396 36 9 on on IN 39396 36 10 the the DT 39396 36 11 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 36 12 . . . 39396 37 1 Although although IN 39396 37 2 insufficient insufficient JJ 39396 37 3 time time NN 39396 37 4 has have VBZ 39396 37 5 elapsed elapse VBN 39396 37 6 to to TO 39396 37 7 permit permit VB 39396 37 8 analyses analysis NNS 39396 37 9 of of IN 39396 37 10 successional successional JJ 39396 37 11 changes change NNS 39396 37 12 , , , 39396 37 13 it -PRON- PRP 39396 37 14 seems seem VBZ 39396 37 15 that that IN 39396 37 16 trees tree NNS 39396 37 17 and and CC 39396 37 18 shrubs shrub NNS 39396 37 19 are be VBP 39396 37 20 gradually gradually RB 39396 37 21 encroaching encroach VBG 39396 37 22 on on IN 39396 37 23 the the DT 39396 37 24 grassland grassland NN 39396 37 25 throughout throughout IN 39396 37 26 the the DT 39396 37 27 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 37 28 . . . 39396 38 1 The the DT 39396 38 2 vole vole JJ 39396 38 3 population population NN 39396 38 4 has have VBZ 39396 38 5 changed change VBN 39396 38 6 radically radically RB 39396 38 7 since since IN 39396 38 8 the the DT 39396 38 9 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 38 10 was be VBD 39396 38 11 established establish VBN 39396 38 12 . . . 39396 39 1 In in IN 39396 39 2 September September NNP 39396 39 3 and and CC 39396 39 4 October October NNP 39396 39 5 of of IN 39396 39 6 1948 1948 CD 39396 39 7 , , , 39396 39 8 when when WRB 39396 39 9 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 39 10 began begin VBD 39396 39 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 39 12 field field NN 39396 39 13 work work NN 39396 39 14 , , , 39396 39 15 he -PRON- PRP 39396 39 16 maintained maintain VBD 39396 39 17 lines line NNS 39396 39 18 of of IN 39396 39 19 traps trap NNS 39396 39 20 totaling total VBG 39396 39 21 more more JJR 39396 39 22 than than IN 39396 39 23 1000 1000 CD 39396 39 24 trap trap NN 39396 39 25 nights night NNS 39396 39 26 near near IN 39396 39 27 the the DT 39396 39 28 future future JJ 39396 39 29 vole vole NNP 39396 39 30 study study NN 39396 39 31 plots plot NNS 39396 39 32 without without IN 39396 39 33 capturing capture VBG 39396 39 34 a a DT 39396 39 35 single single JJ 39396 39 36 vole vole NN 39396 39 37 . . . 39396 40 1 In in IN 39396 40 2 November November NNP 39396 40 3 and and CC 39396 40 4 December December NNP 39396 40 5 , , , 39396 40 6 1948 1948 CD 39396 40 7 , , , 39396 40 8 he -PRON- PRP 39396 40 9 caught catch VBD 39396 40 10 several several JJ 39396 40 11 voles vole NNS 39396 40 12 near near IN 39396 40 13 a a DT 39396 40 14 small small JJ 39396 40 15 pond pond NN 39396 40 16 on on IN 39396 40 17 the the DT 39396 40 18 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 40 19 and and CC 39396 40 20 found find VBD 39396 40 21 abundant abundant JJ 39396 40 22 sign sign NN 39396 40 23 in in IN 39396 40 24 the the DT 39396 40 25 same same JJ 39396 40 26 area area NN 39396 40 27 . . . 39396 41 1 Late late RB 39396 41 2 in in IN 39396 41 3 1949 1949 CD 39396 41 4 he -PRON- PRP 39396 41 5 began begin VBD 39396 41 6 to to TO 39396 41 7 capture capture VB 39396 41 8 voles vole NNS 39396 41 9 over over IN 39396 41 10 the the DT 39396 41 11 rest rest NN 39396 41 12 of of IN 39396 41 13 the the DT 39396 41 14 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 41 15 , , , 39396 41 16 but but CC 39396 41 17 not not RB 39396 41 18 until until IN 39396 41 19 1950 1950 CD 39396 41 20 were be VBD 39396 41 21 voles vole NNS 39396 41 22 present present JJ 39396 41 23 in in IN 39396 41 24 sufficient sufficient JJ 39396 41 25 numbers number NNS 39396 41 26 for for IN 39396 41 27 convenient convenient JJ 39396 41 28 study study NN 39396 41 29 . . . 39396 42 1 I -PRON- PRP 39396 42 2 first first RB 39396 42 3 visited visit VBD 39396 42 4 the the DT 39396 42 5 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 42 6 and and CC 39396 42 7 searched search VBD 39396 42 8 there there RB 39396 42 9 for for IN 39396 42 10 sign sign NN 39396 42 11 of of IN 39396 42 12 voles vole NNS 39396 42 13 in in IN 39396 42 14 the the DT 39396 42 15 summer summer NN 39396 42 16 of of IN 39396 42 17 1949 1949 CD 39396 42 18 . . . 39396 43 1 I -PRON- PRP 39396 43 2 found find VBD 39396 43 3 hardly hardly RB 39396 43 4 any any DT 39396 43 5 sign sign NN 39396 43 6 . . . 39396 44 1 In in IN 39396 44 2 the the DT 39396 44 3 area area NN 39396 44 4 around around IN 39396 44 5 the the DT 39396 44 6 pond pond NN 39396 44 7 mentioned mention VBN 39396 44 8 above above RB 39396 44 9 , , , 39396 44 10 however however RB 39396 44 11 , , , 39396 44 12 several several JJ 39396 44 13 systems system NNS 39396 44 14 of of IN 39396 44 15 runways runway NNS 39396 44 16 were be VBD 39396 44 17 discovered discover VBN 39396 44 18 . . . 39396 45 1 This this DT 39396 45 2 area area NN 39396 45 3 had have VBD 39396 45 4 been be VBN 39396 45 5 protected protect VBN 39396 45 6 from from IN 39396 45 7 grazing graze VBG 39396 45 8 for for IN 39396 45 9 several several JJ 39396 45 10 years year NNS 39396 45 11 prior prior RB 39396 45 12 to to IN 39396 45 13 the the DT 39396 45 14 reservation reservation NN 39396 45 15 of of IN 39396 45 16 the the DT 39396 45 17 larger large JJR 39396 45 18 area area NN 39396 45 19 . . . 39396 46 1 In in IN 39396 46 2 House House NNP 39396 46 3 Field Field NNP 39396 46 4 , , , 39396 46 5 where where WRB 39396 46 6 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 46 7 main main JJ 39396 46 8 study study NN 39396 46 9 plot plot NN 39396 46 10 was be VBD 39396 46 11 to to TO 39396 46 12 be be VB 39396 46 13 established establish VBN 39396 46 14 , , , 39396 46 15 there there EX 39396 46 16 was be VBD 39396 46 17 no no DT 39396 46 18 sign sign NN 39396 46 19 of of IN 39396 46 20 voles vole NNS 39396 46 21 . . . 39396 47 1 Slightly slightly RB 39396 47 2 more more JJR 39396 47 3 than than IN 39396 47 4 a a DT 39396 47 5 year year NN 39396 47 6 later later RB 39396 47 7 , , , 39396 47 8 in in IN 39396 47 9 October October NNP 39396 47 10 , , , 39396 47 11 1950 1950 CD 39396 47 12 , , , 39396 47 13 I -PRON- PRP 39396 47 14 began begin VBD 39396 47 15 trapping trap VBG 39396 47 16 and and CC 39396 47 17 found find VBD 39396 47 18 _ _ NNP 39396 47 19 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 47 20 _ _ NNP 39396 47 21 to to TO 39396 47 22 be be VB 39396 47 23 abundant abundant JJ 39396 47 24 on on IN 39396 47 25 House House NNP 39396 47 26 Field Field NNP 39396 47 27 and and CC 39396 47 28 present present NN 39396 47 29 in in IN 39396 47 30 smaller small JJR 39396 47 31 numbers number NNS 39396 47 32 throughout throughout IN 39396 47 33 grassland grassland NN 39396 47 34 areas area NNS 39396 47 35 of of IN 39396 47 36 the the DT 39396 47 37 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 47 38 . . . 39396 48 1 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 39396 48 2 METHODS methods JJ 39396 48 3 The the DT 39396 48 4 present present JJ 39396 48 5 study study NN 39396 48 6 was be VBD 39396 48 7 based base VBN 39396 48 8 chiefly chiefly RB 39396 48 9 on on IN 39396 48 10 live live NN 39396 48 11 - - HYPH 39396 48 12 trapping trapping NN 39396 48 13 as as IN 39396 48 14 a a DT 39396 48 15 means means NN 39396 48 16 of of IN 39396 48 17 sampling sample VBG 39396 48 18 a a DT 39396 48 19 population population NN 39396 48 20 of of IN 39396 48 21 voles vole NNS 39396 48 22 and and CC 39396 48 23 tracing trace VBG 39396 48 24 individual individual JJ 39396 48 25 histories history NNS 39396 48 26 without without IN 39396 48 27 eliminating eliminate VBG 39396 48 28 the the DT 39396 48 29 animals animal NNS 39396 48 30 . . . 39396 49 1 Live live RB 39396 49 2 - - HYPH 39396 49 3 trapping trap VBG 39396 49 4 disturbs disturb NNS 39396 49 5 the the DT 39396 49 6 biota biota NN 39396 49 7 less less JJR 39396 49 8 than than IN 39396 49 9 snap snap VB 39396 49 10 - - HYPH 39396 49 11 trapping trapping NN 39396 49 12 and and CC 39396 49 13 gives give VBZ 39396 49 14 a a DT 39396 49 15 more more RBR 39396 49 16 reliable reliable JJ 39396 49 17 picture picture NN 39396 49 18 of of IN 39396 49 19 the the DT 39396 49 20 mammalian mammalian JJ 39396 49 21 community community NN 39396 49 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 49 23 Blair Blair NNP 39396 49 24 , , , 39396 49 25 1948:396 1948:396 CD 39396 49 26 ; ; : 39396 49 27 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 49 28 , , , 39396 49 29 1947 1947 CD 39396 49 30 ; ; : 39396 49 31 Stickel Stickel NNP 39396 49 32 , , , 39396 49 33 1946:158 1946:158 CD 39396 49 34 ; ; : 39396 49 35 1948:161 1948:161 CD 39396 49 36 ) ) -RRB- 39396 49 37 . . . 39396 50 1 The the DT 39396 50 2 live live JJ 39396 50 3 - - HYPH 39396 50 4 traps trap NNS 39396 50 5 used use VBN 39396 50 6 were be VBD 39396 50 7 modeled model VBN 39396 50 8 after after IN 39396 50 9 the the DT 39396 50 10 trap trap NN 39396 50 11 described describe VBN 39396 50 12 by by IN 39396 50 13 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 50 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 50 15 1950 1950 CD 39396 50 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 50 17 . . . 39396 51 1 Other other JJ 39396 51 2 types type NNS 39396 51 3 of of IN 39396 51 4 traps trap NNS 39396 51 5 were be VBD 39396 51 6 tested test VBN 39396 51 7 from from IN 39396 51 8 time time NN 39396 51 9 to to IN 39396 51 10 time time NN 39396 51 11 but but CC 39396 51 12 this this DT 39396 51 13 model model NN 39396 51 14 proved prove VBD 39396 51 15 superior superior JJ 39396 51 16 in in IN 39396 51 17 being be VBG 39396 51 18 easy easy JJ 39396 51 19 to to TO 39396 51 20 set set VB 39396 51 21 , , , 39396 51 22 in in IN 39396 51 23 not not RB 39396 51 24 springing spring VBG 39396 51 25 without without IN 39396 51 26 a a DT 39396 51 27 catch catch NN 39396 51 28 , , , 39396 51 29 in in IN 39396 51 30 protecting protect VBG 39396 51 31 the the DT 39396 51 32 captured capture VBN 39396 51 33 animal animal NN 39396 51 34 and and CC 39396 51 35 in in IN 39396 51 36 permitting permit VBG 39396 51 37 easy easy JJ 39396 51 38 removal removal NN 39396 51 39 of of IN 39396 51 40 the the DT 39396 51 41 animal animal NN 39396 51 42 from from IN 39396 51 43 the the DT 39396 51 44 trap trap NN 39396 51 45 . . . 39396 52 1 A a DT 39396 52 2 wooden wooden JJ 39396 52 3 box box NN 39396 52 4 was be VBD 39396 52 5 placed place VBN 39396 52 6 inside inside IN 39396 52 7 the the DT 39396 52 8 metal metal NN 39396 52 9 shelter shelter NN 39396 52 10 attached attach VBN 39396 52 11 to to IN 39396 52 12 each each DT 39396 52 13 trap trap NN 39396 52 14 and and CC 39396 52 15 , , , 39396 52 16 in in IN 39396 52 17 winter winter NN 39396 52 18 , , , 39396 52 19 cotton cotton NN 39396 52 20 batting batting NN 39396 52 21 or or CC 39396 52 22 woolen woolen JJ 39396 52 23 scraps scrap NNS 39396 52 24 were be VBD 39396 52 25 placed place VBN 39396 52 26 inside inside IN 39396 52 27 the the DT 39396 52 28 boxes box NNS 39396 52 29 for for IN 39396 52 30 nesting nesting JJ 39396 52 31 material material NN 39396 52 32 . . . 39396 53 1 With with IN 39396 53 2 this this DT 39396 53 3 insulation insulation NN 39396 53 4 against against IN 39396 53 5 the the DT 39396 53 6 cold cold NN 39396 53 7 , , , 39396 53 8 voles vole NNS 39396 53 9 could could MD 39396 53 10 survive survive VB 39396 53 11 the the DT 39396 53 12 night night NN 39396 53 13 unharmed unharmed JJ 39396 53 14 and and CC 39396 53 15 could could MD 39396 53 16 even even RB 39396 53 17 deliver deliver VB 39396 53 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 53 19 litters litter NNS 39396 53 20 successfully successfully RB 39396 53 21 . . . 39396 54 1 In in IN 39396 54 2 summer summer NN 39396 54 3 the the DT 39396 54 4 nesting nesting JJ 39396 54 5 material material NN 39396 54 6 was be VBD 39396 54 7 removed remove VBN 39396 54 8 but but CC 39396 54 9 the the DT 39396 54 10 wooden wooden JJ 39396 54 11 box box NN 39396 54 12 was be VBD 39396 54 13 retained retain VBN 39396 54 14 as as IN 39396 54 15 insulation insulation NN 39396 54 16 against against IN 39396 54 17 heat heat NN 39396 54 18 . . . 39396 55 1 Bait bait VB 39396 55 2 used use VBN 39396 55 3 in in IN 39396 55 4 live live NN 39396 55 5 - - HYPH 39396 55 6 traps trap NNS 39396 55 7 was be VBD 39396 55 8 a a DT 39396 55 9 mixture mixture NN 39396 55 10 of of IN 39396 55 11 cracked crack VBN 39396 55 12 corn corn NN 39396 55 13 , , , 39396 55 14 milo milo NN 39396 55 15 and and CC 39396 55 16 wheat wheat NN 39396 55 17 , , , 39396 55 18 purchased purchase VBD 39396 55 19 at at IN 39396 55 20 a a DT 39396 55 21 local local JJ 39396 55 22 feed feed NN 39396 55 23 store store NN 39396 55 24 . . . 39396 56 1 The the DT 39396 56 2 importance importance NN 39396 56 3 of of IN 39396 56 4 proper proper JJ 39396 56 5 baiting baiting NN 39396 56 6 , , , 39396 56 7 especially especially RB 39396 56 8 in in IN 39396 56 9 winter winter NN 39396 56 10 , , , 39396 56 11 has have VBZ 39396 56 12 been be VBN 39396 56 13 emphasized emphasize VBN 39396 56 14 by by IN 39396 56 15 Howard Howard NNP 39396 56 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 56 17 1951 1951 CD 39396 56 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 56 19 and and CC 39396 56 20 Llewellyn Llewellyn NNP 39396 56 21 ( ( -LRB- 39396 56 22 1950 1950 CD 39396 56 23 ) ) -RRB- 39396 56 24 who who WP 39396 56 25 found find VBD 39396 56 26 an an DT 39396 56 27 adequate adequate JJ 39396 56 28 supply supply NN 39396 56 29 of of IN 39396 56 30 energy energy NN 39396 56 31 - - HYPH 39396 56 32 laden laden JJ 39396 56 33 food food NN 39396 56 34 , , , 39396 56 35 such such JJ 39396 56 36 as as IN 39396 56 37 corn corn NN 39396 56 38 , , , 39396 56 39 necessary necessary JJ 39396 56 40 in in IN 39396 56 41 winter winter NN 39396 56 42 to to TO 39396 56 43 enable enable VB 39396 56 44 small small JJ 39396 56 45 rodents rodent NNS 39396 56 46 to to TO 39396 56 47 maintain maintain VB 39396 56 48 body body NN 39396 56 49 temperature temperature NN 39396 56 50 during during IN 39396 56 51 the the DT 39396 56 52 hours hour NNS 39396 56 53 of of IN 39396 56 54 captivity captivity NN 39396 56 55 . . . 39396 57 1 The the DT 39396 57 2 rare rare JJ 39396 57 3 instances instance NNS 39396 57 4 of of IN 39396 57 5 death death NN 39396 57 6 of of IN 39396 57 7 voles vole NNS 39396 57 8 in in IN 39396 57 9 traps trap NNS 39396 57 10 in in IN 39396 57 11 winter winter NN 39396 57 12 were be VBD 39396 57 13 associated associate VBN 39396 57 14 with with IN 39396 57 15 wet wet JJ 39396 57 16 nesting nesting JJ 39396 57 17 material material NN 39396 57 18 , , , 39396 57 19 as as IN 39396 57 20 these these DT 39396 57 21 animals animal NNS 39396 57 22 can can MD 39396 57 23 survive survive VB 39396 57 24 much much RB 39396 57 25 lower low JJR 39396 57 26 temperatures temperature NNS 39396 57 27 when when WRB 39396 57 28 they -PRON- PRP 39396 57 29 are be VBP 39396 57 30 dry dry JJ 39396 57 31 . . . 39396 58 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 58 2 susceptibility susceptibility NN 39396 58 3 to to IN 39396 58 4 wet wet JJ 39396 58 5 and and CC 39396 58 6 cold cold JJ 39396 58 7 was be VBD 39396 58 8 especially especially RB 39396 58 9 evident evident JJ 39396 58 10 in in IN 39396 58 11 rainy rainy JJ 39396 58 12 weather weather NN 39396 58 13 in in IN 39396 58 14 February February NNP 39396 58 15 and and CC 39396 58 16 March March NNP 39396 58 17 . . . 39396 59 1 Preventing prevent VBG 39396 59 2 mortality mortality NN 39396 59 3 in in IN 39396 59 4 traps trap NNS 39396 59 5 was be VBD 39396 59 6 more more RBR 39396 59 7 difficult difficult JJ 39396 59 8 in in IN 39396 59 9 summer summer NN 39396 59 10 than than IN 39396 59 11 in in IN 39396 59 12 winter winter NN 39396 59 13 . . . 39396 60 1 The the DT 39396 60 2 traps trap NNS 39396 60 3 were be VBD 39396 60 4 set set VBN 39396 60 5 in in IN 39396 60 6 any any DT 39396 60 7 available available JJ 39396 60 8 shade shade NN 39396 60 9 of of IN 39396 60 10 tall tall JJ 39396 60 11 grass grass NN 39396 60 12 or or CC 39396 60 13 weeds weed NNS 39396 60 14 ; ; : 39396 60 15 or or CC 39396 60 16 when when WRB 39396 60 17 such such JJ 39396 60 18 shade shade NN 39396 60 19 was be VBD 39396 60 20 inadequate inadequate JJ 39396 60 21 , , , 39396 60 22 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 60 23 was be VBD 39396 60 24 pulled pull VBN 39396 60 25 and and CC 39396 60 26 piled pile VBN 39396 60 27 over over RP 39396 60 28 the the DT 39396 60 29 nest nest NN 39396 60 30 boxes box NNS 39396 60 31 . . . 39396 61 1 The the DT 39396 61 2 traps trap NNS 39396 61 3 usually usually RB 39396 61 4 were be VBD 39396 61 5 faced face VBN 39396 61 6 north north NN 39396 61 7 so so IN 39396 61 8 that that IN 39396 61 9 the the DT 39396 61 10 attached attach VBN 39396 61 11 number number NN 39396 61 12 - - HYPH 39396 61 13 ten ten CD 39396 61 14 cans can NNS 39396 61 15 , , , 39396 61 16 which which WDT 39396 61 17 served serve VBD 39396 61 18 as as IN 39396 61 19 shelters shelter NNS 39396 61 20 , , , 39396 61 21 cast cast VBD 39396 61 22 shadows shadow NNS 39396 61 23 over over IN 39396 61 24 the the DT 39396 61 25 hardware hardware NN 39396 61 26 cloth cloth NN 39396 61 27 runways runway NNS 39396 61 28 during during IN 39396 61 29 midday midday NN 39396 61 30 . . . 39396 62 1 Even even RB 39396 62 2 these these DT 39396 62 3 measures measure NNS 39396 62 4 were be VBD 39396 62 5 inadequate inadequate JJ 39396 62 6 when when WRB 39396 62 7 the the DT 39396 62 8 temperature temperature NN 39396 62 9 reached reach VBD 39396 62 10 90 90 CD 39396 62 11 ° ° , 39396 62 12 F f NN 39396 62 13 . . . 39396 63 1 or or CC 39396 63 2 above above RB 39396 63 3 . . . 39396 64 1 Such such JJ 39396 64 2 high high JJ 39396 64 3 temperatures temperature NNS 39396 64 4 rarely rarely RB 39396 64 5 occurred occur VBD 39396 64 6 early early RB 39396 64 7 in in IN 39396 64 8 the the DT 39396 64 9 day day NN 39396 64 10 , , , 39396 64 11 however however RB 39396 64 12 , , , 39396 64 13 so so IN 39396 64 14 that that DT 39396 64 15 removal removal NN 39396 64 16 of of IN 39396 64 17 the the DT 39396 64 18 animals animal NNS 39396 64 19 from from IN 39396 64 20 traps trap NNS 39396 64 21 between between IN 39396 64 22 eight eight CD 39396 64 23 and and CC 39396 64 24 ten ten CD 39396 64 25 a. a. NN 39396 64 26 m. m. NN 39396 64 27 almost almost RB 39396 64 28 eliminated eliminate VBD 39396 64 29 mortality mortality NN 39396 64 30 . . . 39396 65 1 Those those DT 39396 65 2 individuals individual NNS 39396 65 3 captured capture VBN 39396 65 4 in in IN 39396 65 5 the the DT 39396 65 6 night night NN 39396 65 7 were be VBD 39396 65 8 not not RB 39396 65 9 yet yet RB 39396 65 10 harmed harm VBN 39396 65 11 , , , 39396 65 12 but but CC 39396 65 13 it -PRON- PRP 39396 65 14 was be VBD 39396 65 15 already already RB 39396 65 16 hot hot JJ 39396 65 17 enough enough RB 39396 65 18 to to TO 39396 65 19 reduce reduce VB 39396 65 20 the the DT 39396 65 21 activity activity NN 39396 65 22 of of IN 39396 65 23 the the DT 39396 65 24 voles vole NNS 39396 65 25 and and CC 39396 65 26 prevent prevent VB 39396 65 27 further further JJ 39396 65 28 captures capture NNS 39396 65 29 until until IN 39396 65 30 late late JJ 39396 65 31 afternoon afternoon NN 39396 65 32 . . . 39396 66 1 When when WRB 39396 66 2 it -PRON- PRP 39396 66 3 was be VBD 39396 66 4 necessary necessary JJ 39396 66 5 to to TO 39396 66 6 run run VB 39396 66 7 trap trap NN 39396 66 8 lines line NNS 39396 66 9 earlier early RBR 39396 66 10 , , , 39396 66 11 the the DT 39396 66 12 traps trap NNS 39396 66 13 were be VBD 39396 66 14 closed close VBN 39396 66 15 in in IN 39396 66 16 the the DT 39396 66 17 morning morning NN 39396 66 18 and and CC 39396 66 19 reset reset VB 39396 66 20 in in IN 39396 66 21 late late JJ 39396 66 22 afternoon afternoon NN 39396 66 23 . . . 39396 67 1 Reactions reaction NNS 39396 67 2 of of IN 39396 67 3 small small JJ 39396 67 4 mammals mammal NNS 39396 67 5 to to TO 39396 67 6 live live VB 39396 67 7 - - HYPH 39396 67 8 traps trap NNS 39396 67 9 and and CC 39396 67 10 the the DT 39396 67 11 effects effect NNS 39396 67 12 of of IN 39396 67 13 prebaiting prebaiting NN 39396 67 14 were be VBD 39396 67 15 described describe VBN 39396 67 16 by by IN 39396 67 17 Chitty Chitty NNP 39396 67 18 and and CC 39396 67 19 Kempson Kempson NNP 39396 67 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 67 21 1949 1949 CD 39396 67 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 67 23 . . . 39396 68 1 In in IN 39396 68 2 general general JJ 39396 68 3 , , , 39396 68 4 the the DT 39396 68 5 results result NNS 39396 68 6 of of IN 39396 68 7 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 68 8 trapping trapping NN 39396 68 9 program program NN 39396 68 10 fit fit VBP 39396 68 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 68 12 conclusions conclusion NNS 39396 68 13 . . . 39396 69 1 Each each DT 39396 69 2 of of IN 39396 69 3 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 69 4 trapping trapping NN 39396 69 5 periods period NNS 39396 69 6 , , , 39396 69 7 consisting consist VBG 39396 69 8 of of IN 39396 69 9 seven seven CD 39396 69 10 to to TO 39396 69 11 ten ten CD 39396 69 12 consecutive consecutive JJ 39396 69 13 days day NNS 39396 69 14 , , , 39396 69 15 showed show VBD 39396 69 16 a a DT 39396 69 17 gradual gradual JJ 39396 69 18 increase increase NN 39396 69 19 in in IN 39396 69 20 the the DT 39396 69 21 number number NN 39396 69 22 of of IN 39396 69 23 captures capture NNS 39396 69 24 per per IN 39396 69 25 day day NN 39396 69 26 for for IN 39396 69 27 the the DT 39396 69 28 first first JJ 39396 69 29 three three CD 39396 69 30 days day NNS 39396 69 31 , , , 39396 69 32 with with IN 39396 69 33 a a DT 39396 69 34 tendency tendency NN 39396 69 35 for for IN 39396 69 36 the the DT 39396 69 37 number number NN 39396 69 38 of of IN 39396 69 39 captures capture NNS 39396 69 40 to to TO 39396 69 41 level level VB 39396 69 42 off off RP 39396 69 43 during during IN 39396 69 44 the the DT 39396 69 45 remainder remainder NN 39396 69 46 of of IN 39396 69 47 the the DT 39396 69 48 period period NN 39396 69 49 . . . 39396 70 1 Leaving leave VBG 39396 70 2 the the DT 39396 70 3 traps trap NNS 39396 70 4 baited bait VBN 39396 70 5 and and CC 39396 70 6 locked lock VBD 39396 70 7 open open JJ 39396 70 8 for for IN 39396 70 9 a a DT 39396 70 10 day day NN 39396 70 11 or or CC 39396 70 12 two two CD 39396 70 13 before before IN 39396 70 14 a a DT 39396 70 15 trapping trapping JJ 39396 70 16 period period NN 39396 70 17 tended tend VBD 39396 70 18 to to TO 39396 70 19 increase increase VB 39396 70 20 the the DT 39396 70 21 catch catch NN 39396 70 22 during during IN 39396 70 23 the the DT 39396 70 24 first first JJ 39396 70 25 few few JJ 39396 70 26 days day NNS 39396 70 27 of of IN 39396 70 28 the the DT 39396 70 29 period period NN 39396 70 30 without without IN 39396 70 31 any any DT 39396 70 32 corresponding corresponding JJ 39396 70 33 increase increase NN 39396 70 34 during during IN 39396 70 35 the the DT 39396 70 36 latter latter JJ 39396 70 37 part part NN 39396 70 38 of of IN 39396 70 39 the the DT 39396 70 40 period period NN 39396 70 41 . . . 39396 71 1 Initial initial JJ 39396 71 2 reluctance reluctance NN 39396 71 3 of of IN 39396 71 4 the the DT 39396 71 5 voles vole NNS 39396 71 6 to to TO 39396 71 7 enter enter VB 39396 71 8 the the DT 39396 71 9 traps trap NNS 39396 71 10 decreased decrease VBD 39396 71 11 as as IN 39396 71 12 the the DT 39396 71 13 traps trap NNS 39396 71 14 became become VBD 39396 71 15 familiar familiar JJ 39396 71 16 parts part NNS 39396 71 17 of of IN 39396 71 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 71 19 environment environment NN 39396 71 20 . . . 39396 72 1 At at IN 39396 72 2 the the DT 39396 72 3 beginning beginning NN 39396 72 4 of of IN 39396 72 5 the the DT 39396 72 6 study study NN 39396 72 7 the the DT 39396 72 8 traps trap NNS 39396 72 9 were be VBD 39396 72 10 set set VBN 39396 72 11 in in IN 39396 72 12 a a DT 39396 72 13 grid grid NN 39396 72 14 with with IN 39396 72 15 intervals interval NNS 39396 72 16 of of IN 39396 72 17 20 20 CD 39396 72 18 feet foot NNS 39396 72 19 . . . 39396 73 1 The the DT 39396 73 2 interval interval NN 39396 73 3 was be VBD 39396 73 4 increased increase VBN 39396 73 5 to to IN 39396 73 6 30 30 CD 39396 73 7 feet foot NNS 39396 73 8 after after IN 39396 73 9 three three CD 39396 73 10 months month NNS 39396 73 11 because because IN 39396 73 12 a a DT 39396 73 13 larger large JJR 39396 73 14 area area NN 39396 73 15 could could MD 39396 73 16 thus thus RB 39396 73 17 be be VB 39396 73 18 covered cover VBN 39396 73 19 and and CC 39396 73 20 no no DT 39396 73 21 loss loss NN 39396 73 22 in in IN 39396 73 23 trapping trap VBG 39396 73 24 efficiency efficiency NN 39396 73 25 was be VBD 39396 73 26 apparent apparent JJ 39396 73 27 . . . 39396 74 1 The the DT 39396 74 2 traps trap NNS 39396 74 3 were be VBD 39396 74 4 set set VBN 39396 74 5 within within IN 39396 74 6 a a DT 39396 74 7 three three CD 39396 74 8 foot foot NN 39396 74 9 radius radius NN 39396 74 10 of of IN 39396 74 11 the the DT 39396 74 12 numbered numbered JJ 39396 74 13 stations station NNS 39396 74 14 , , , 39396 74 15 and and CC 39396 74 16 were be VBD 39396 74 17 locked lock VBN 39396 74 18 and and CC 39396 74 19 left leave VBN 39396 74 20 in in IN 39396 74 21 position position NN 39396 74 22 between between IN 39396 74 23 trapping trap VBG 39396 74 24 periods period NNS 39396 74 25 . . . 39396 75 1 Each each DT 39396 75 2 individual individual NN 39396 75 3 that that WDT 39396 75 4 was be VBD 39396 75 5 captured capture VBN 39396 75 6 was be VBD 39396 75 7 weighed weigh VBN 39396 75 8 and and CC 39396 75 9 sexed sex VBN 39396 75 10 . . . 39396 76 1 The the DT 39396 76 2 resulting result VBG 39396 76 3 data datum NNS 39396 76 4 were be VBD 39396 76 5 recorded record VBN 39396 76 6 in in IN 39396 76 7 a a DT 39396 76 8 field field NN 39396 76 9 notebook notebook NN 39396 76 10 together together RB 39396 76 11 with with IN 39396 76 12 the the DT 39396 76 13 location location NN 39396 76 14 of of IN 39396 76 15 the the DT 39396 76 16 capture capture NN 39396 76 17 and and CC 39396 76 18 other other JJ 39396 76 19 pertinent pertinent JJ 39396 76 20 information information NN 39396 76 21 . . . 39396 77 1 Newly newly RB 39396 77 2 captured capture VBN 39396 77 3 voles vole NNS 39396 77 4 were be VBD 39396 77 5 marked mark VBN 39396 77 6 by by IN 39396 77 7 toe toe NN 39396 77 8 - - HYPH 39396 77 9 clipping clip VBG 39396 77 10 as as IN 39396 77 11 described describe VBN 39396 77 12 by by IN 39396 77 13 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 77 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 77 15 1952:32 1952:32 CD 39396 77 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 77 17 . . . 39396 78 1 Information information NN 39396 78 2 was be VBD 39396 78 3 transferred transfer VBN 39396 78 4 from from IN 39396 78 5 the the DT 39396 78 6 field field NN 39396 78 7 notebook notebook NN 39396 78 8 to to IN 39396 78 9 a a DT 39396 78 10 file file NN 39396 78 11 which which WDT 39396 78 12 contained contain VBD 39396 78 13 a a DT 39396 78 14 separate separate JJ 39396 78 15 card card NN 39396 78 16 for for IN 39396 78 17 each each DT 39396 78 18 individual individual JJ 39396 78 19 trapped trap VBN 39396 78 20 . . . 39396 79 1 In in IN 39396 79 2 the the DT 39396 79 3 course course NN 39396 79 4 of of IN 39396 79 5 the the DT 39396 79 6 program program NN 39396 79 7 of of IN 39396 79 8 live live NN 39396 79 9 - - HYPH 39396 79 10 trapping trap VBG 39396 79 11 , , , 39396 79 12 many many JJ 39396 79 13 marked mark VBN 39396 79 14 voles vole NNS 39396 79 15 were be VBD 39396 79 16 recaptured recapture VBN 39396 79 17 one one CD 39396 79 18 or or CC 39396 79 19 more more JJR 39396 79 20 times time NNS 39396 79 21 . . . 39396 80 1 Most most RBS 39396 80 2 frequently frequently RB 39396 80 3 captured capture VBN 39396 80 4 among among IN 39396 80 5 the the DT 39396 80 6 females female NNS 39396 80 7 were be VBD 39396 80 8 number number NN 39396 80 9 8 8 CD 39396 80 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 80 11 33 33 CD 39396 80 12 captures capture NNS 39396 80 13 in in IN 39396 80 14 seven seven CD 39396 80 15 months month NNS 39396 80 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 80 17 and and CC 39396 80 18 number number NN 39396 80 19 73 73 CD 39396 80 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 80 21 30 30 CD 39396 80 22 captures capture NNS 39396 80 23 in in IN 39396 80 24 eight eight CD 39396 80 25 months month NNS 39396 80 26 ) ) -RRB- 39396 80 27 . . . 39396 81 1 Among among IN 39396 81 2 the the DT 39396 81 3 males male NNS 39396 81 4 , , , 39396 81 5 number number NN 39396 81 6 37 37 CD 39396 81 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 81 8 21 21 CD 39396 81 9 captures capture NNS 39396 81 10 in in IN 39396 81 11 six six CD 39396 81 12 months month NNS 39396 81 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 81 14 and and CC 39396 81 15 number number NN 39396 81 16 62 62 CD 39396 81 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 81 18 21 21 CD 39396 81 19 captures capture NNS 39396 81 20 in in IN 39396 81 21 eight eight CD 39396 81 22 months month NNS 39396 81 23 ) ) -RRB- 39396 81 24 were be VBD 39396 81 25 most most RBS 39396 81 26 frequently frequently RB 39396 81 27 taken take VBN 39396 81 28 . . . 39396 82 1 The the DT 39396 82 2 mean mean JJ 39396 82 3 number number NN 39396 82 4 of of IN 39396 82 5 captures capture NNS 39396 82 6 per per IN 39396 82 7 individual individual NN 39396 82 8 was be VBD 39396 82 9 3.6 3.6 CD 39396 82 10 . . . 39396 83 1 For for IN 39396 83 2 females female NNS 39396 83 3 , , , 39396 83 4 the the DT 39396 83 5 mean mean JJ 39396 83 6 number number NN 39396 83 7 of of IN 39396 83 8 captures capture NNS 39396 83 9 per per IN 39396 83 10 individual individual NN 39396 83 11 was be VBD 39396 83 12 3.8 3.8 CD 39396 83 13 and and CC 39396 83 14 for for IN 39396 83 15 males male NNS 39396 83 16 it -PRON- PRP 39396 83 17 was be VBD 39396 83 18 3.4 3.4 CD 39396 83 19 . . . 39396 84 1 Females female NNS 39396 84 2 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 84 3 acquired acquire VBD 39396 84 4 the the DT 39396 84 5 habit habit NN 39396 84 6 of of IN 39396 84 7 entering enter VBG 39396 84 8 traps trap NNS 39396 84 9 more more RBR 39396 84 10 readily readily RB 39396 84 11 than than IN 39396 84 12 did do VBD 39396 84 13 males male NNS 39396 84 14 . . . 39396 85 1 No no DT 39396 85 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 85 3 between between IN 39396 85 4 any any DT 39396 85 5 seasonally seasonally RB 39396 85 6 variable variable JJ 39396 85 7 factor factor NN 39396 85 8 and and CC 39396 85 9 the the DT 39396 85 10 number number NN 39396 85 11 of of IN 39396 85 12 captures capture NNS 39396 85 13 per per IN 39396 85 14 individual individual NN 39396 85 15 was be VBD 39396 85 16 apparent apparent JJ 39396 85 17 . . . 39396 86 1 To to IN 39396 86 2 a a DT 39396 86 3 large large JJ 39396 86 4 degree degree NN 39396 86 5 , , , 39396 86 6 the the DT 39396 86 7 formation formation NN 39396 86 8 of of IN 39396 86 9 trap trap NN 39396 86 10 habits habit NNS 39396 86 11 by by IN 39396 86 12 voles vole NNS 39396 86 13 was be VBD 39396 86 14 an an DT 39396 86 15 individual individual JJ 39396 86 16 peculiarity peculiarity NN 39396 86 17 . . . 39396 87 1 In in IN 39396 87 2 order order NN 39396 87 3 to to TO 39396 87 4 study study VB 39396 87 5 the the DT 39396 87 6 extent extent NN 39396 87 7 of of IN 39396 87 8 utilization utilization NN 39396 87 9 of of IN 39396 87 10 various various JJ 39396 87 11 habitats habitat NNS 39396 87 12 by by IN 39396 87 13 _ _ NNP 39396 87 14 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 87 15 _ _ NNP 39396 87 16 , , , 39396 87 17 a a DT 39396 87 18 number number NN 39396 87 19 of of IN 39396 87 20 areas area NNS 39396 87 21 were be VBD 39396 87 22 sampled sample VBN 39396 87 23 with with IN 39396 87 24 Museum Museum NNP 39396 87 25 Special Special NNP 39396 87 26 snap snap NN 39396 87 27 - - HYPH 39396 87 28 traps trap NNS 39396 87 29 . . . 39396 88 1 These these DT 39396 88 2 traps trap NNS 39396 88 3 were be VBD 39396 88 4 set set VBN 39396 88 5 in in IN 39396 88 6 linear linear JJ 39396 88 7 series series NN 39396 88 8 approximately approximately RB 39396 88 9 25 25 CD 39396 88 10 feet foot NNS 39396 88 11 apart apart RB 39396 88 12 . . . 39396 89 1 The the DT 39396 89 2 number number NN 39396 89 3 of of IN 39396 89 4 traps trap NNS 39396 89 5 used use VBN 39396 89 6 varied vary VBD 39396 89 7 with with IN 39396 89 8 the the DT 39396 89 9 size size NN 39396 89 10 of of IN 39396 89 11 the the DT 39396 89 12 area area NN 39396 89 13 sampled sample VBN 39396 89 14 and and CC 39396 89 15 ranged range VBD 39396 89 16 from from IN 39396 89 17 20 20 CD 39396 89 18 to to IN 39396 89 19 75 75 CD 39396 89 20 . . . 39396 90 1 The the DT 39396 90 2 lines line NNS 39396 90 3 were be VBD 39396 90 4 maintained maintain VBN 39396 90 5 for for IN 39396 90 6 three three CD 39396 90 7 nights night NNS 39396 90 8 . . . 39396 91 1 The the DT 39396 91 2 catch catch NN 39396 91 3 was be VBD 39396 91 4 assumed assume VBN 39396 91 5 to to TO 39396 91 6 indicate indicate VB 39396 91 7 the the DT 39396 91 8 relative relative JJ 39396 91 9 abundance abundance NN 39396 91 10 of of IN 39396 91 11 _ _ NNP 39396 91 12 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 91 13 _ _ NNP 39396 91 14 and and CC 39396 91 15 certain certain JJ 39396 91 16 other other JJ 39396 91 17 small small JJ 39396 91 18 mammals mammal NNS 39396 91 19 but but CC 39396 91 20 no no DT 39396 91 21 attempt attempt NN 39396 91 22 to to TO 39396 91 23 estimate estimate VB 39396 91 24 actual actual JJ 39396 91 25 population population NN 39396 91 26 densities density NNS 39396 91 27 from from IN 39396 91 28 snap snap VB 39396 91 29 - - HYPH 39396 91 30 trapping trap VBG 39396 91 31 data datum NNS 39396 91 32 was be VBD 39396 91 33 made make VBN 39396 91 34 . . . 39396 92 1 In in IN 39396 92 2 August August NNP 39396 92 3 , , , 39396 92 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 92 5 , , , 39396 92 6 when when WRB 39396 92 7 the the DT 39396 92 8 live live RB 39396 92 9 - - HYPH 39396 92 10 trapping trap VBG 39396 92 11 program program NN 39396 92 12 was be VBD 39396 92 13 concluded conclude VBN 39396 92 14 , , , 39396 92 15 the the DT 39396 92 16 study study NN 39396 92 17 areas area NNS 39396 92 18 were be VBD 39396 92 19 trapped trap VBN 39396 92 20 out out RP 39396 92 21 . . . 39396 93 1 The the DT 39396 93 2 efficiency efficiency NN 39396 93 3 of of IN 39396 93 4 the the DT 39396 93 5 live live RB 39396 93 6 - - HYPH 39396 93 7 trapping trap VBG 39396 93 8 procedure procedure NN 39396 93 9 was be VBD 39396 93 10 emphasized emphasize VBN 39396 93 11 by by IN 39396 93 12 the the DT 39396 93 13 absence absence NN 39396 93 14 of of IN 39396 93 15 unmarked unmarked JJ 39396 93 16 individuals individual NNS 39396 93 17 among among IN 39396 93 18 the the DT 39396 93 19 45 45 CD 39396 93 20 voles vole NNS 39396 93 21 caught catch VBN 39396 93 22 at at IN 39396 93 23 that that DT 39396 93 24 time time NN 39396 93 25 . . . 39396 94 1 Further further JJ 39396 94 2 details detail NNS 39396 94 3 of of IN 39396 94 4 the the DT 39396 94 5 methods method NNS 39396 94 6 and and CC 39396 94 7 procedures procedure NNS 39396 94 8 used use VBN 39396 94 9 are be VBP 39396 94 10 described describe VBN 39396 94 11 in in IN 39396 94 12 the the DT 39396 94 13 appropriate appropriate JJ 39396 94 14 sections section NNS 39396 94 15 which which WDT 39396 94 16 follow follow VBP 39396 94 17 . . . 39396 95 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 39396 95 2 Although although IN 39396 95 3 other other JJ 39396 95 4 species specie NNS 39396 95 5 of of IN 39396 95 6 the the DT 39396 95 7 genus genus NNP 39396 95 8 _ _ NNP 39396 95 9 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 95 10 _ _ NNP 39396 95 11 , , , 39396 95 12 especially especially RB 39396 95 13 _ _ NNP 39396 95 14 M. M. NNP 39396 96 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 96 2 _ _ NNP 39396 96 3 , , , 39396 96 4 have have VBP 39396 96 5 been be VBN 39396 96 6 studied study VBN 39396 96 7 intensively intensively RB 39396 96 8 in in IN 39396 96 9 regard regard NN 39396 96 10 to to IN 39396 96 11 habitat habitat JJ 39396 96 12 preference preference NN 39396 96 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 96 14 Blair Blair NNP 39396 96 15 , , , 39396 96 16 1940:149 1940:149 CD 39396 96 17 ; ; : 39396 96 18 1948:404 1948:404 CD 39396 96 19 - - SYM 39396 96 20 405 405 CD 39396 96 21 ; ; : 39396 96 22 Bole Bole NNP 39396 96 23 , , , 39396 96 24 1939:69 1939:69 CD 39396 96 25 ; ; : 39396 96 26 Eadie Eadie NNP 39396 96 27 , , , 39396 96 28 1953 1953 CD 39396 96 29 ; ; : 39396 96 30 Gunderson Gunderson NNP 39396 96 31 , , , 39396 96 32 1950:32 1950:32 CD 39396 96 33 - - SYM 39396 96 34 37 37 CD 39396 96 35 ; ; : 39396 96 36 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 96 37 , , , 39396 96 38 1940:425 1940:425 CD 39396 96 39 - - SYM 39396 96 40 426 426 CD 39396 96 41 ; ; : 39396 96 42 Hatt Hatt NNP 39396 96 43 , , , 39396 96 44 1930:521 1930:521 CD 39396 96 45 - - SYM 39396 96 46 526 526 CD 39396 96 47 ; ; : 39396 96 48 Townsend Townsend NNP 39396 96 49 , , , 39396 96 50 1935:96 1935:96 CD 39396 96 51 - - HYPH 39396 96 52 101 101 CD 39396 96 53 ) ) -RRB- 39396 96 54 little little JJ 39396 96 55 has have VBZ 39396 96 56 been be VBN 39396 96 57 reported report VBN 39396 96 58 concerning concern VBG 39396 96 59 the the DT 39396 96 60 habitat habitat JJ 39396 96 61 preferences preference NNS 39396 96 62 of of IN 39396 96 63 _ _ NNP 39396 96 64 M. M. NNP 39396 97 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 97 2 _ _ NNP 39396 97 3 . . . 39396 98 1 Black Black NNP 39396 98 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 98 3 1937:200 1937:200 CD 39396 98 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 98 5 reported report VBD 39396 98 6 that that IN 39396 98 7 , , , 39396 98 8 in in IN 39396 98 9 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 98 10 , , , 39396 98 11 _ _ NNP 39396 98 12 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 98 13 _ _ NNP 39396 98 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 98 15 mostly mostly RB 39396 98 16 _ _ NNP 39396 98 17 M. M. NNP 39396 99 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 99 2 _ _ NNP 39396 99 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 99 4 preferred prefer VBN 39396 99 5 damp damp NN 39396 99 6 situations situation NNS 39396 99 7 . . . 39396 100 1 _ _ NNP 39396 100 2 M. M. NNP 39396 101 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 101 2 _ _ NNP 39396 101 3 was be VBD 39396 101 4 studied study VBN 39396 101 5 in in IN 39396 101 6 western western JJ 39396 101 7 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 101 8 by by IN 39396 101 9 Brown Brown NNP 39396 101 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 101 11 1946:453 1946:453 CD 39396 101 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 101 13 and and CC 39396 101 14 Wooster Wooster NNP 39396 101 15 ( ( -LRB- 39396 101 16 1935:352 1935:352 CD 39396 101 17 ; ; : 39396 101 18 1936:396 1936:396 CD 39396 101 19 ) ) -RRB- 39396 101 20 and and CC 39396 101 21 found find VBN 39396 101 22 to to TO 39396 101 23 be be VB 39396 101 24 almost almost RB 39396 101 25 restricted restrict VBN 39396 101 26 to to IN 39396 101 27 the the DT 39396 101 28 little little JJ 39396 101 29 - - HYPH 39396 101 30 bluestem bluestem NNP 39396 101 31 association association NNP 39396 101 32 of of IN 39396 101 33 the the DT 39396 101 34 mixed mixed JJ 39396 101 35 prairie prairie NN 39396 101 36 ( ( -LRB- 39396 101 37 Albertson Albertson NNP 39396 101 38 , , , 39396 101 39 1937:522 1937:522 CD 39396 101 40 ) ) -RRB- 39396 101 41 . . . 39396 102 1 Brumwell Brumwell NNP 39396 102 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 102 3 1951:213 1951:213 CD 39396 102 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 102 5 , , , 39396 102 6 in in IN 39396 102 7 a a DT 39396 102 8 survey survey NN 39396 102 9 of of IN 39396 102 10 the the DT 39396 102 11 Fort Fort NNP 39396 102 12 Leavenworth Leavenworth NNP 39396 102 13 Military Military NNP 39396 102 14 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 102 15 , , , 39396 102 16 found find VBD 39396 102 17 that that IN 39396 102 18 _ _ NNP 39396 102 19 M. M. NNP 39396 103 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 103 2 _ _ NNP 39396 103 3 preferred prefer VBN 39396 103 4 sedge sedge NN 39396 103 5 and and CC 39396 103 6 bluegrass bluegrass NN 39396 103 7 meadows meadow NNS 39396 103 8 but but CC 39396 103 9 occurred occur VBD 39396 103 10 also also RB 39396 103 11 in in IN 39396 103 12 a a DT 39396 103 13 sedge sedge NN 39396 103 14 - - HYPH 39396 103 15 willow willow NNP 39396 103 16 association association NN 39396 103 17 . . . 39396 104 1 Dice Dice NNP 39396 104 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 104 3 1922:46 1922:46 CD 39396 104 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 104 5 concluded conclude VBD 39396 104 6 that that IN 39396 104 7 the the DT 39396 104 8 presence presence NN 39396 104 9 of of IN 39396 104 10 green green JJ 39396 104 11 herbage herbage NN 39396 104 12 , , , 39396 104 13 roots root NNS 39396 104 14 or or CC 39396 104 15 tubers tuber NNS 39396 104 16 for for IN 39396 104 17 use use NN 39396 104 18 as as IN 39396 104 19 a a DT 39396 104 20 water water NN 39396 104 21 source source NN 39396 104 22 throughout throughout IN 39396 104 23 the the DT 39396 104 24 year year NN 39396 104 25 was be VBD 39396 104 26 a a DT 39396 104 27 necessity necessity NN 39396 104 28 for for IN 39396 104 29 _ _ NNP 39396 104 30 M. M. NNP 39396 105 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 105 2 _ _ NNP 39396 105 3 . . . 39396 106 1 Goodpastor goodpastor NN 39396 106 2 and and CC 39396 106 3 Hoffmeister Hoffmeister NNP 39396 106 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 106 5 1952:370 1952:370 CD 39396 106 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 106 7 found find VBD 39396 106 8 _ _ NNP 39396 106 9 M. M. NNP 39396 107 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 107 2 _ _ NNP 39396 107 3 to to TO 39396 107 4 be be VB 39396 107 5 abundant abundant JJ 39396 107 6 in in IN 39396 107 7 a a DT 39396 107 8 damp damp JJ 39396 107 9 meadow meadow NN 39396 107 10 of of IN 39396 107 11 a a DT 39396 107 12 lake lake NN 39396 107 13 margin margin NN 39396 107 14 in in IN 39396 107 15 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 39396 107 16 . . . 39396 108 1 In in IN 39396 108 2 a a DT 39396 108 3 study study NN 39396 108 4 made make VBN 39396 108 5 on on IN 39396 108 6 and and CC 39396 108 7 near near IN 39396 108 8 the the DT 39396 108 9 campus campus NN 39396 108 10 of of IN 39396 108 11 the the DT 39396 108 12 University University NNP 39396 108 13 of of IN 39396 108 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 108 15 , , , 39396 108 16 within within IN 39396 108 17 a a DT 39396 108 18 few few JJ 39396 108 19 miles mile NNS 39396 108 20 of of IN 39396 108 21 the the DT 39396 108 22 area area NN 39396 108 23 concerned concern VBN 39396 108 24 in in IN 39396 108 25 the the DT 39396 108 26 present present JJ 39396 108 27 report report NN 39396 108 28 , , , 39396 108 29 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 108 30 ( ( -LRB- 39396 108 31 1947:132 1947:132 CD 39396 108 32 ) ) -RRB- 39396 108 33 found find VBD 39396 108 34 that that IN 39396 108 35 voles vole NNS 39396 108 36 used use VBN 39396 108 37 grassy grassy JJ 39396 108 38 areas area NNS 39396 108 39 in in IN 39396 108 40 spring spring NN 39396 108 41 and and CC 39396 108 42 summer summer NN 39396 108 43 , , , 39396 108 44 but but CC 39396 108 45 that that IN 39396 108 46 in in IN 39396 108 47 the the DT 39396 108 48 autumn autumn NN 39396 108 49 , , , 39396 108 50 when when WRB 39396 108 51 the the DT 39396 108 52 grass grass NN 39396 108 53 began begin VBD 39396 108 54 to to TO 39396 108 55 dry dry VB 39396 108 56 , , , 39396 108 57 they -PRON- PRP 39396 108 58 moved move VBD 39396 108 59 to to IN 39396 108 60 clumps clump NNS 39396 108 61 of of IN 39396 108 62 Japanese japanese JJ 39396 108 63 honeysuckle honeysuckle NN 39396 108 64 ( ( -LRB- 39396 108 65 _ _ NNP 39396 108 66 Lonicera Lonicera NNP 39396 108 67 japonica japonica NN 39396 108 68 _ _ NNP 39396 108 69 ) ) -RRB- 39396 108 70 and and CC 39396 108 71 stayed stay VBD 39396 108 72 among among IN 39396 108 73 the the DT 39396 108 74 shrubbery shrubbery NN 39396 108 75 throughout throughout IN 39396 108 76 the the DT 39396 108 77 winter winter NN 39396 108 78 . . . 39396 109 1 Johnson Johnson NNP 39396 109 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 109 3 1926:267 1926:267 CD 39396 109 4 , , , 39396 109 5 270 270 CD 39396 109 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 109 7 found find VBD 39396 109 8 _ _ NNP 39396 109 9 M. M. NNP 39396 110 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 110 2 _ _ NNP 39396 110 3 only only RB 39396 110 4 in in IN 39396 110 5 uncultivated uncultivated JJ 39396 110 6 areas area NNS 39396 110 7 where where WRB 39396 110 8 long long JJ 39396 110 9 grass grass NN 39396 110 10 furnished furnish VBD 39396 110 11 adequate adequate JJ 39396 110 12 cover cover NN 39396 110 13 . . . 39396 111 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 111 2 stated state VBD 39396 111 3 that that IN 39396 111 4 the the DT 39396 111 5 entire entire NNP 39396 111 6 biotic biotic NNP 39396 111 7 association association NNP 39396 111 8 , , , 39396 111 9 rather rather RB 39396 111 10 than than IN 39396 111 11 any any DT 39396 111 12 single single JJ 39396 111 13 factor factor NN 39396 111 14 , , , 39396 111 15 was be VBD 39396 111 16 the the DT 39396 111 17 key key NN 39396 111 18 to to IN 39396 111 19 the the DT 39396 111 20 distribution distribution NN 39396 111 21 of of IN 39396 111 22 the the DT 39396 111 23 voles vole NNS 39396 111 24 . . . 39396 112 1 None none NN 39396 112 2 of of IN 39396 112 3 these these DT 39396 112 4 reports report NNS 39396 112 5 described describe VBD 39396 112 6 an an DT 39396 112 7 intensive intensive JJ 39396 112 8 study study NN 39396 112 9 of of IN 39396 112 10 the the DT 39396 112 11 habitat habitat NN 39396 112 12 of of IN 39396 112 13 voles vole NNS 39396 112 14 , , , 39396 112 15 but but CC 39396 112 16 the the DT 39396 112 17 data datum NNS 39396 112 18 presented present VBN 39396 112 19 indicate indicate VBP 39396 112 20 that that IN 39396 112 21 voles vole NNS 39396 112 22 are be VBP 39396 112 23 characteristic characteristic JJ 39396 112 24 of of IN 39396 112 25 grassland grassland NN 39396 112 26 and and CC 39396 112 27 that that IN 39396 112 28 _ _ NNP 39396 112 29 M. M. NNP 39396 113 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 113 2 _ _ NNP 39396 113 3 can can MD 39396 113 4 occupy occupy VB 39396 113 5 drier dry JJR 39396 113 6 areas area NNS 39396 113 7 than than IN 39396 113 8 those those DT 39396 113 9 used use VBN 39396 113 10 by by IN 39396 113 11 _ _ NNP 39396 113 12 M. M. NNP 39396 114 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 114 2 _ _ NNP 39396 114 3 . . . 39396 115 1 Otherwise otherwise RB 39396 115 2 , , , 39396 115 3 the the DT 39396 115 4 preferred preferred JJ 39396 115 5 habitats habitat NNS 39396 115 6 of of IN 39396 115 7 the the DT 39396 115 8 two two CD 39396 115 9 species specie NNS 39396 115 10 seem seem VBP 39396 115 11 to to TO 39396 115 12 be be VB 39396 115 13 much much RB 39396 115 14 the the DT 39396 115 15 same same JJ 39396 115 16 . . . 39396 116 1 In in IN 39396 116 2 the the DT 39396 116 3 investigation investigation NN 39396 116 4 described describe VBN 39396 116 5 here here RB 39396 116 6 I -PRON- PRP 39396 116 7 attempted attempt VBD 39396 116 8 to to TO 39396 116 9 evaluate evaluate VB 39396 116 10 various various JJ 39396 116 11 types type NNS 39396 116 12 of of IN 39396 116 13 habitats habitat NNS 39396 116 14 on on IN 39396 116 15 the the DT 39396 116 16 basis basis NN 39396 116 17 of of IN 39396 116 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 116 19 carrying carrying NN 39396 116 20 capacity capacity NN 39396 116 21 at at IN 39396 116 22 different different JJ 39396 116 23 stages stage NNS 39396 116 24 of of IN 39396 116 25 the the DT 39396 116 26 annual annual JJ 39396 116 27 cycle cycle NN 39396 116 28 and and CC 39396 116 29 in in IN 39396 116 30 different different JJ 39396 116 31 years year NNS 39396 116 32 . . . 39396 117 1 The the DT 39396 117 2 habitats habitat NNS 39396 117 3 were be VBD 39396 117 4 studied study VBN 39396 117 5 and and CC 39396 117 6 described describe VBN 39396 117 7 in in IN 39396 117 8 terms term NNS 39396 117 9 of of IN 39396 117 10 yield yield NN 39396 117 11 , , , 39396 117 12 cover cover NN 39396 117 13 and and CC 39396 117 14 species specie NNS 39396 117 15 composition composition NN 39396 117 16 . . . 39396 118 1 The the DT 39396 118 2 areas area NNS 39396 118 3 upon upon IN 39396 118 4 which which WDT 39396 118 5 live live RB 39396 118 6 - - HYPH 39396 118 7 trapping trapping NN 39396 118 8 was be VBD 39396 118 9 done do VBN 39396 118 10 were be VBD 39396 118 11 studied study VBN 39396 118 12 most most RBS 39396 118 13 intensively intensively RB 39396 118 14 . . . 39396 119 1 These these DT 39396 119 2 two two CD 39396 119 3 areas area NNS 39396 119 4 , , , 39396 119 5 herein herein NNP 39396 119 6 designated designate VBD 39396 119 7 as as IN 39396 119 8 House House NNP 39396 119 9 Field Field NNP 39396 119 10 and and CC 39396 119 11 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 119 12 Field Field NNP 39396 119 13 , , , 39396 119 14 were be VBD 39396 119 15 both both DT 39396 119 16 occupied occupy VBN 39396 119 17 by by IN 39396 119 18 voles vole NNS 39396 119 19 throughout throughout IN 39396 119 20 the the DT 39396 119 21 period period NN 39396 119 22 of of IN 39396 119 23 study study NN 39396 119 24 . . . 39396 120 1 Population population NN 39396 120 2 density density NN 39396 120 3 varied vary VBD 39396 120 4 considerably considerably RB 39396 120 5 , , , 39396 120 6 however however RB 39396 120 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 120 8 Fig fig NN 39396 120 9 . . . 39396 121 1 5 5 LS 39396 121 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 121 3 . . . 39396 122 1 Both both DT 39396 122 2 of of IN 39396 122 3 these these DT 39396 122 4 areas area NNS 39396 122 5 were be VBD 39396 122 6 dominated dominate VBN 39396 122 7 by by IN 39396 122 8 _ _ NNP 39396 122 9 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 122 10 inermis inermis NNP 39396 122 11 _ _ NNP 39396 122 12 , , , 39396 122 13 and and CC 39396 122 14 , , , 39396 122 15 in in IN 39396 122 16 clipped clip VBN 39396 122 17 samples sample NNS 39396 122 18 taken take VBN 39396 122 19 in in IN 39396 122 20 June June NNP 39396 122 21 , , , 39396 122 22 1951 1951 CD 39396 122 23 , , , 39396 122 24 this this DT 39396 122 25 grass grass NN 39396 122 26 constituted constitute VBD 39396 122 27 67 67 CD 39396 122 28 per per NN 39396 122 29 cent cent NN 39396 122 30 of of IN 39396 122 31 the the DT 39396 122 32 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 122 33 on on IN 39396 122 34 House House NNP 39396 122 35 Field Field NNP 39396 122 36 and and CC 39396 122 37 54 54 CD 39396 122 38 per per IN 39396 122 39 cent cent NN 39396 122 40 of of IN 39396 122 41 the the DT 39396 122 42 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 122 43 on on IN 39396 122 44 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 122 45 Field Field NNP 39396 122 46 . . . 39396 123 1 Estimates estimate NNS 39396 123 2 made make VBN 39396 123 3 at at IN 39396 123 4 other other JJ 39396 123 5 times time NNS 39396 123 6 in in IN 39396 123 7 1950 1950 CD 39396 123 8 , , , 39396 123 9 1951 1951 CD 39396 123 10 and and CC 39396 123 11 1952 1952 CD 39396 123 12 always always RB 39396 123 13 confirmed confirm VBD 39396 123 14 the the DT 39396 123 15 dominance dominance NN 39396 123 16 of of IN 39396 123 17 smooth smooth JJ 39396 123 18 brome brome NN 39396 123 19 and and CC 39396 123 20 approximated approximate VBD 39396 123 21 the the DT 39396 123 22 above above JJ 39396 123 23 percentages percentage NNS 39396 123 24 . . . 39396 124 1 Parts part NNS 39396 124 2 of of IN 39396 124 3 House House NNP 39396 124 4 Field Field NNP 39396 124 5 had have VBD 39396 124 6 nearly nearly RB 39396 124 7 pure pure JJ 39396 124 8 stands stand NNS 39396 124 9 of of IN 39396 124 10 this this DT 39396 124 11 grass grass NN 39396 124 12 . . . 39396 125 1 Those those DT 39396 125 2 traps trap NNS 39396 125 3 set set VBD 39396 125 4 in in IN 39396 125 5 spots spot NNS 39396 125 6 where where WRB 39396 125 7 there there EX 39396 125 8 was be VBD 39396 125 9 little little JJ 39396 125 10 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 125 11 other other JJ 39396 125 12 than than IN 39396 125 13 the the DT 39396 125 14 dominant dominant JJ 39396 125 15 grass grass NN 39396 125 16 caught catch VBD 39396 125 17 fewer few JJR 39396 125 18 voles vole NNS 39396 125 19 than than IN 39396 125 20 traps trap NNS 39396 125 21 set set VBN 39396 125 22 in in IN 39396 125 23 spots spot NNS 39396 125 24 with with IN 39396 125 25 a a DT 39396 125 26 more more RBR 39396 125 27 varied varied JJ 39396 125 28 cover cover NN 39396 125 29 . . . 39396 126 1 _ _ NNP 39396 126 2 Poa Poa NNP 39396 126 3 pratensis pratensis NN 39396 126 4 _ _ NNP 39396 126 5 formed form VBD 39396 126 6 an an DT 39396 126 7 understory understory NN 39396 126 8 over over IN 39396 126 9 most most JJS 39396 126 10 of of IN 39396 126 11 the the DT 39396 126 12 area area NN 39396 126 13 studied study VBN 39396 126 14 , , , 39396 126 15 especially especially RB 39396 126 16 on on IN 39396 126 17 House House NNP 39396 126 18 Field Field NNP 39396 126 19 , , , 39396 126 20 and and CC 39396 126 21 attained attain VBD 39396 126 22 local local JJ 39396 126 23 dominance dominance NN 39396 126 24 in in IN 39396 126 25 shaded shaded JJ 39396 126 26 spots spot NNS 39396 126 27 on on IN 39396 126 28 both both DT 39396 126 29 fields field NNS 39396 126 30 . . . 39396 127 1 The the DT 39396 127 2 higher high JJR 39396 127 3 basal basal NN 39396 127 4 cover cover NN 39396 127 5 provided provide VBN 39396 127 6 by by IN 39396 127 7 the the DT 39396 127 8 _ _ NNP 39396 127 9 Poa Poa NNP 39396 127 10 _ _ NNP 39396 127 11 understory understory NN 39396 127 12 seemed seem VBD 39396 127 13 to to TO 39396 127 14 support support VB 39396 127 15 a a DT 39396 127 16 vole vole JJ 39396 127 17 population population NN 39396 127 18 larger large JJR 39396 127 19 than than IN 39396 127 20 those those DT 39396 127 21 that that WDT 39396 127 22 occurred occur VBD 39396 127 23 in in IN 39396 127 24 areas area NNS 39396 127 25 lacking lack VBG 39396 127 26 the the DT 39396 127 27 bluegrass bluegrass NN 39396 127 28 . . . 39396 128 1 Disturbed disturbed JJ 39396 128 2 situations situation NNS 39396 128 3 , , , 39396 128 4 such such JJ 39396 128 5 as as IN 39396 128 6 roadsides roadside NNS 39396 128 7 , , , 39396 128 8 were be VBD 39396 128 9 characterized characterize VBN 39396 128 10 by by IN 39396 128 11 the the DT 39396 128 12 dominance dominance NN 39396 128 13 of of IN 39396 128 14 _ _ NNP 39396 128 15 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 128 16 japonicus japonicus NNP 39396 128 17 _ _ NNP 39396 128 18 . . . 39396 129 1 This this DT 39396 129 2 grass grass NN 39396 129 3 occurred occur VBD 39396 129 4 also also RB 39396 129 5 in in IN 39396 129 6 low low JJ 39396 129 7 densities density NNS 39396 129 8 over over IN 39396 129 9 much much JJ 39396 129 10 of of IN 39396 129 11 the the DT 39396 129 12 study study NN 39396 129 13 area area NN 39396 129 14 among among IN 39396 129 15 _ _ NNP 39396 129 16 B. B. NNP 39396 130 1 inermis inermis NNP 39396 130 2 _ _ NNP 39396 130 3 . . . 39396 131 1 Other other JJ 39396 131 2 grasses grass NNS 39396 131 3 present present VBP 39396 131 4 included include VBN 39396 131 5 _ _ NNP 39396 131 6 Triodia Triodia NNP 39396 131 7 flava flava JJ 39396 131 8 _ _ NNP 39396 131 9 , , , 39396 131 10 common common JJ 39396 131 11 in in IN 39396 131 12 House House NNP 39396 131 13 Field Field NNP 39396 131 14 , , , 39396 131 15 but but CC 39396 131 16 with with IN 39396 131 17 only only RB 39396 131 18 spotty spotty JJ 39396 131 19 distribution distribution NN 39396 131 20 in in IN 39396 131 21 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 131 22 Field Field NNP 39396 131 23 ; ; : 39396 131 24 _ _ NNP 39396 131 25 Elymus Elymus NNP 39396 131 26 canadensis canadensis NN 39396 131 27 _ _ NNP 39396 131 28 , , , 39396 131 29 distributed distribute VBN 39396 131 30 over over IN 39396 131 31 both both DT 39396 131 32 areas area NNS 39396 131 33 in in IN 39396 131 34 spotty spotty JJ 39396 131 35 fashion fashion NN 39396 131 36 and and CC 39396 131 37 almost almost RB 39396 131 38 always always RB 39396 131 39 showing show VBG 39396 131 40 evidence evidence NN 39396 131 41 of of IN 39396 131 42 use use NN 39396 131 43 by by IN 39396 131 44 voles vole NNS 39396 131 45 and and CC 39396 131 46 other other JJ 39396 131 47 small small JJ 39396 131 48 mammals mammal NNS 39396 131 49 ; ; : 39396 131 50 _ _ NNP 39396 131 51 Aristida Aristida NNP 39396 131 52 oligantha oligantha JJ 39396 131 53 _ _ NNP 39396 131 54 and and CC 39396 131 55 _ _ NNP 39396 131 56 Bouteloua Bouteloua NNP 39396 131 57 curtipendula curtipendula NN 39396 131 58 _ _ NNP 39396 131 59 , , , 39396 131 60 both both DT 39396 131 61 more more RBR 39396 131 62 common common JJ 39396 131 63 on on IN 39396 131 64 the the DT 39396 131 65 higher high JJR 39396 131 66 and and CC 39396 131 67 drier dry JJR 39396 131 68 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 131 69 Field Field NNP 39396 131 70 ; ; : 39396 131 71 _ _ NNP 39396 131 72 Panicum Panicum NNP 39396 131 73 virgatum virgatum NN 39396 131 74 _ _ NNP 39396 131 75 , , , 39396 131 76 _ _ NNP 39396 131 77 Setaria Setaria NNP 39396 131 78 _ _ NNP 39396 131 79 spp spp NN 39396 131 80 . . . 39396 131 81 , , , 39396 131 82 especially especially RB 39396 131 83 on on IN 39396 131 84 disturbed disturb VBN 39396 131 85 areas area NNS 39396 131 86 ; ; : 39396 131 87 and and CC 39396 131 88 three three CD 39396 131 89 bluestems bluestem NNS 39396 131 90 , , , 39396 131 91 _ _ NNP 39396 131 92 Andropogon Andropogon NNP 39396 131 93 gerardi gerardi VBZ 39396 131 94 _ _ NNP 39396 131 95 , , , 39396 131 96 _ _ NNP 39396 131 97 A. a. NN 39396 132 1 virginicus virginicus NNP 39396 132 2 _ _ NNP 39396 132 3 and and CC 39396 132 4 _ _ NNP 39396 132 5 A. a. NN 39396 133 1 scoparius scoparius NNP 39396 133 2 _ _ NNP 39396 133 3 . . . 39396 134 1 The the DT 39396 134 2 bluestems bluestem NNS 39396 134 3 increased increase VBD 39396 134 4 noticeably noticeably RB 39396 134 5 during during IN 39396 134 6 the the DT 39396 134 7 study study NN 39396 134 8 period period NN 39396 134 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 134 10 even even RB 39396 134 11 though though IN 39396 134 12 grasses grass NNS 39396 134 13 in in IN 39396 134 14 general general JJ 39396 134 15 were be VBD 39396 134 16 being be VBG 39396 134 17 replaced replace VBN 39396 134 18 by by IN 39396 134 19 woody woody NN 39396 134 20 plants plant NNS 39396 134 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 134 22 and and CC 39396 134 23 they -PRON- PRP 39396 134 24 furnished furnish VBD 39396 134 25 a a DT 39396 134 26 preferred preferred JJ 39396 134 27 habitat habitat NN 39396 134 28 for for IN 39396 134 29 voles vole NNS 39396 134 30 because because IN 39396 134 31 of of IN 39396 134 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 134 33 high high JJ 39396 134 34 yield yield NN 39396 134 35 of of IN 39396 134 36 edible edible JJ 39396 134 37 foliage foliage NN 39396 134 38 and and CC 39396 134 39 relatively relatively RB 39396 134 40 heavy heavy JJ 39396 134 41 debris debris NN 39396 134 42 which which WDT 39396 134 43 provided provide VBD 39396 134 44 shelter shelter NN 39396 134 45 . . . 39396 135 1 On on IN 39396 135 2 House House NNP 39396 135 3 Field Field NNP 39396 135 4 the the DT 39396 135 5 most most RBS 39396 135 6 common common JJ 39396 135 7 forbs forb NNS 39396 135 8 were be VBD 39396 135 9 _ _ NNP 39396 135 10 Vernonia Vernonia NNP 39396 135 11 baldwini baldwini NN 39396 135 12 _ _ NNP 39396 135 13 , , , 39396 135 14 _ _ NNP 39396 135 15 Verbena Verbena NNP 39396 135 16 stricta stricta NN 39396 135 17 _ _ NNP 39396 135 18 and and CC 39396 135 19 _ _ NNP 39396 135 20 Solanum Solanum NNP 39396 135 21 carolinense carolinense NN 39396 135 22 _ _ NNP 39396 135 23 . . . 39396 136 1 On on IN 39396 136 2 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 136 3 Field Field NNP 39396 136 4 , , , 39396 136 5 _ _ NNP 39396 136 6 Solidago Solidago NNP 39396 136 7 _ _ NNP 39396 136 8 spp spp NN 39396 136 9 . . . 39396 137 1 and and CC 39396 137 2 _ _ NNP 39396 137 3 Asclepias Asclepias NNP 39396 137 4 _ _ NNP 39396 137 5 spp spp NN 39396 137 6 . . . 39396 138 1 were be VBD 39396 138 2 also also RB 39396 138 3 abundant abundant JJ 39396 138 4 . . . 39396 139 1 All all DT 39396 139 2 of of IN 39396 139 3 them -PRON- PRP 39396 139 4 seemed seem VBD 39396 139 5 to to TO 39396 139 6 be be VB 39396 139 7 used use VBN 39396 139 8 by by IN 39396 139 9 the the DT 39396 139 10 voles vole NNS 39396 139 11 for for IN 39396 139 12 food food NN 39396 139 13 during during IN 39396 139 14 the the DT 39396 139 15 early early JJ 39396 139 16 stages stage NNS 39396 139 17 of of IN 39396 139 18 growth growth NN 39396 139 19 , , , 39396 139 20 when when WRB 39396 139 21 they -PRON- PRP 39396 139 22 were be VBD 39396 139 23 tender tender JJ 39396 139 24 and and CC 39396 139 25 succulent succulent JJ 39396 139 26 . . . 39396 140 1 The the DT 39396 140 2 fruits fruit NNS 39396 140 3 of of IN 39396 140 4 the the DT 39396 140 5 horse horse NN 39396 140 6 nettle nettle NN 39396 140 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 140 8 _ _ NNP 39396 140 9 Solanum Solanum NNP 39396 140 10 carolinense carolinense NN 39396 140 11 _ _ NNP 39396 140 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 140 13 were be VBD 39396 140 14 also also RB 39396 140 15 eaten eat VBN 39396 140 16 . . . 39396 141 1 The the DT 39396 141 2 forbs forb NNS 39396 141 3 themselves -PRON- PRP 39396 141 4 did do VBD 39396 141 5 not not RB 39396 141 6 provide provide VB 39396 141 7 cover cover NN 39396 141 8 dense dense JJ 39396 141 9 enough enough RB 39396 141 10 to to TO 39396 141 11 constitute constitute VB 39396 141 12 good good JJ 39396 141 13 vole vole NNP 39396 141 14 habitat habitat NNP 39396 141 15 . . . 39396 142 1 Mixed mix VBN 39396 142 2 in in IN 39396 142 3 a a DT 39396 142 4 grass grass NN 39396 142 5 dominated dominate VBN 39396 142 6 association association NN 39396 142 7 they -PRON- PRP 39396 142 8 nevertheless nevertheless RB 39396 142 9 raised raise VBD 39396 142 10 the the DT 39396 142 11 carrying carrying NN 39396 142 12 capacity capacity NN 39396 142 13 above above IN 39396 142 14 that that DT 39396 142 15 of of IN 39396 142 16 a a DT 39396 142 17 pure pure JJ 39396 142 18 stand stand NN 39396 142 19 of of IN 39396 142 20 grass grass NN 39396 142 21 . . . 39396 143 1 Other other JJ 39396 143 2 forbs forb NNS 39396 143 3 noted note VBN 39396 143 4 often often RB 39396 143 5 enough enough RB 39396 143 6 to to TO 39396 143 7 be be VB 39396 143 8 considered consider VBN 39396 143 9 common common JJ 39396 143 10 on on IN 39396 143 11 both both CC 39396 143 12 House House NNP 39396 143 13 Field Field NNP 39396 143 14 and and CC 39396 143 15 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 143 16 Field Field NNP 39396 143 17 included include VBD 39396 143 18 _ _ NNP 39396 143 19 Carex Carex NNP 39396 143 20 gravida gravida NNP 39396 143 21 _ _ NNP 39396 143 22 , , , 39396 143 23 observed observe VBN 39396 143 24 frequently frequently RB 39396 143 25 in in IN 39396 143 26 House House NNP 39396 143 27 Field Field NNP 39396 143 28 and and CC 39396 143 29 less less RBR 39396 143 30 often often RB 39396 143 31 in in IN 39396 143 32 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 143 33 Field Field NNP 39396 143 34 ; ; : 39396 143 35 _ _ NNP 39396 143 36 Amorpha Amorpha NNP 39396 143 37 canescens canescen VBZ 39396 143 38 _ _ NNP 39396 143 39 , , , 39396 143 40 more more RBR 39396 143 41 common common JJ 39396 143 42 in in IN 39396 143 43 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 143 44 Field Field NNP 39396 143 45 ; ; : 39396 143 46 _ _ NNP 39396 143 47 Tradescantia Tradescantia NNP 39396 143 48 bracteata bracteata NN 39396 143 49 _ _ NNP 39396 143 50 , , , 39396 143 51 _ _ NNP 39396 143 52 Capsella Capsella NNP 39396 143 53 bursapastoris bursapastoris NNP 39396 143 54 _ _ NNP 39396 143 55 , , , 39396 143 56 _ _ NNP 39396 143 57 Oxalis Oxalis NNP 39396 143 58 violacea violacea NNP 39396 143 59 _ _ NNP 39396 143 60 , , , 39396 143 61 _ _ NNP 39396 143 62 Euphorbia Euphorbia NNP 39396 143 63 marginata marginata NN 39396 143 64 _ _ NNP 39396 143 65 , , , 39396 143 66 _ _ NNP 39396 143 67 Convolvulus Convolvulus NNP 39396 143 68 arvensis arvensis NN 39396 143 69 _ _ NNP 39396 143 70 , , , 39396 143 71 _ _ NNP 39396 143 72 Lithospermum Lithospermum NNP 39396 143 73 arvense arvense NN 39396 143 74 _ _ NNP 39396 143 75 , , , 39396 143 76 _ _ NNP 39396 143 77 Teucrium Teucrium NNP 39396 143 78 canadense canadense NN 39396 143 79 _ _ NNP 39396 143 80 , , , 39396 143 81 _ _ NNP 39396 143 82 Physalis Physalis NNP 39396 143 83 longifolia longifolia NNS 39396 143 84 _ _ NNP 39396 143 85 , , , 39396 143 86 _ _ NNP 39396 143 87 Phytolacca Phytolacca NNP 39396 143 88 americana americana VBZ 39396 143 89 _ _ NNP 39396 143 90 , , , 39396 143 91 _ _ NNP 39396 143 92 Plantago Plantago NNP 39396 143 93 major major JJ 39396 143 94 _ _ NNP 39396 143 95 , , , 39396 143 96 _ _ NNP 39396 143 97 Ambrosia Ambrosia NNP 39396 143 98 trifida trifida NN 39396 143 99 _ _ NNP 39396 143 100 , , , 39396 143 101 _ _ NNP 39396 143 102 A. a. NN 39396 144 1 artemisiifolia artemisiifolia NNP 39396 144 2 _ _ NNP 39396 144 3 , , , 39396 144 4 _ _ NNP 39396 144 5 Helianthus Helianthus NNP 39396 144 6 annuus annuus NNP 39396 144 7 _ _ NNP 39396 144 8 , , , 39396 144 9 _ _ NNP 39396 144 10 Cirsium Cirsium NNP 39396 144 11 altissimum altissimum NN 39396 144 12 _ _ NNP 39396 144 13 and and CC 39396 144 14 _ _ NNP 39396 144 15 Taraxacum Taraxacum NNP 39396 144 16 erythrospermum erythrospermum NN 39396 144 17 _ _ NNP 39396 144 18 . . . 39396 145 1 Both both DT 39396 145 2 areas area NNS 39396 145 3 were be VBD 39396 145 4 being be VBG 39396 145 5 invaded invade VBN 39396 145 6 from from IN 39396 145 7 one one CD 39396 145 8 side side NN 39396 145 9 by by IN 39396 145 10 forest forest NN 39396 145 11 - - HYPH 39396 145 12 edge edge NN 39396 145 13 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 145 14 ; ; : 39396 145 15 the the DT 39396 145 16 woody woody NN 39396 145 17 plants plant NNS 39396 145 18 noted note VBD 39396 145 19 included include VBD 39396 145 20 _ _ NNP 39396 145 21 Prunus Prunus NNP 39396 145 22 americana americana VBZ 39396 145 23 _ _ NNP 39396 145 24 , , , 39396 145 25 _ _ NNP 39396 145 26 Rubus Rubus NNP 39396 145 27 argutus argutus NN 39396 145 28 _ _ NNP 39396 145 29 , , , 39396 145 30 _ _ NNP 39396 145 31 Rosa Rosa NNP 39396 145 32 setigera setigera NN 39396 145 33 _ _ NNP 39396 145 34 , , , 39396 145 35 _ _ NNP 39396 145 36 Cornus Cornus NNP 39396 145 37 drummondi drummondi VBD 39396 145 38 _ _ NNP 39396 145 39 , , , 39396 145 40 _ _ NNP 39396 145 41 Symphoricarpus Symphoricarpus NNP 39396 145 42 orbiculatus orbiculatus NN 39396 145 43 _ _ NNP 39396 145 44 , , , 39396 145 45 _ _ NNP 39396 145 46 Populus Populus NNP 39396 145 47 deltoides deltoide VBZ 39396 145 48 _ _ NNP 39396 145 49 and and CC 39396 145 50 _ _ NNP 39396 145 51 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 39396 145 52 triacanthos triacantho VBZ 39396 145 53 _ _ NNP 39396 145 54 . . . 39396 146 1 In in IN 39396 146 2 House House NNP 39396 146 3 Field Field NNP 39396 146 4 the the DT 39396 146 5 herbaceous herbaceous JJ 39396 146 6 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 146 7 was be VBD 39396 146 8 much much RB 39396 146 9 more more RBR 39396 146 10 lush lush JJ 39396 146 11 than than IN 39396 146 12 in in IN 39396 146 13 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 146 14 Field Field NNP 39396 146 15 and and CC 39396 146 16 woody woody NN 39396 146 17 plants plant NNS 39396 146 18 and and CC 39396 146 19 weeds weed NNS 39396 146 20 were be VBD 39396 146 21 more more RBR 39396 146 22 abundant abundant JJ 39396 146 23 . . . 39396 147 1 A a DT 39396 147 2 graveled graveled JJ 39396 147 3 and and CC 39396 147 4 heavily heavily RB 39396 147 5 used use VBN 39396 147 6 road road NN 39396 147 7 along along IN 39396 147 8 one one CD 39396 147 9 edge edge NN 39396 147 10 of of IN 39396 147 11 House House NNP 39396 147 12 Field Field NNP 39396 147 13 , , , 39396 147 14 leading lead VBG 39396 147 15 to to IN 39396 147 16 the the DT 39396 147 17 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 147 18 Headquarters Headquarters NNPS 39396 147 19 , , , 39396 147 20 was be VBD 39396 147 21 a a DT 39396 147 22 barrier barrier NN 39396 147 23 which which WDT 39396 147 24 voles vole VBZ 39396 147 25 rarely rarely RB 39396 147 26 crossed cross VBD 39396 147 27 . . . 39396 148 1 A a DT 39396 148 2 little little RB 39396 148 3 - - HYPH 39396 148 4 used use VBN 39396 148 5 dirt dirt NN 39396 148 6 road road NN 39396 148 7 crossing cross VBG 39396 148 8 the the DT 39396 148 9 trapping trapping NN 39396 148 10 plot plot NN 39396 148 11 in in IN 39396 148 12 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 148 13 Field Field NNP 39396 148 14 constituted constitute VBD 39396 148 15 a a DT 39396 148 16 less less RBR 39396 148 17 effective effective JJ 39396 148 18 barrier barrier NN 39396 148 19 . . . 39396 149 1 The the DT 39396 149 2 disturbed disturbed JJ 39396 149 3 areas area NNS 39396 149 4 bordering border VBG 39396 149 5 the the DT 39396 149 6 roads road NNS 39396 149 7 were be VBD 39396 149 8 likewise likewise RB 39396 149 9 little little RB 39396 149 10 used use VBN 39396 149 11 and and CC 39396 149 12 tended tend VBD 39396 149 13 to to TO 39396 149 14 reinforce reinforce VB 39396 149 15 the the DT 39396 149 16 effects effect NNS 39396 149 17 of of IN 39396 149 18 the the DT 39396 149 19 roads road NNS 39396 149 20 as as IN 39396 149 21 barriers barrier NNS 39396 149 22 . . . 39396 150 1 There there EX 39396 150 2 were be VBD 39396 150 3 almost almost RB 39396 150 4 pure pure JJ 39396 150 5 stands stand NNS 39396 150 6 of of IN 39396 150 7 _ _ NNP 39396 150 8 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 150 9 japonicus japonicus NNP 39396 150 10 _ _ NNP 39396 150 11 along along IN 39396 150 12 both both DT 39396 150 13 roads road NNS 39396 150 14 . . . 39396 151 1 No no DT 39396 151 2 mammal mammal NN 39396 151 3 of of IN 39396 151 4 any any DT 39396 151 5 kind kind NN 39396 151 6 was be VBD 39396 151 7 taken take VBN 39396 151 8 in in IN 39396 151 9 traps trap NNS 39396 151 10 set set VBN 39396 151 11 where where WRB 39396 151 12 this this DT 39396 151 13 grass grass NN 39396 151 14 was be VBD 39396 151 15 dominant dominant JJ 39396 151 16 . . . 39396 152 1 Because because IN 39396 152 2 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 152 3 changes change NNS 39396 152 4 in in IN 39396 152 5 vole vole NNP 39396 152 6 density density NN 39396 152 7 followed follow VBD 39396 152 8 the the DT 39396 152 9 curve curve NN 39396 152 10 for for IN 39396 152 11 rate rate NN 39396 152 12 of of IN 39396 152 13 growth growth NN 39396 152 14 of of IN 39396 152 15 the the DT 39396 152 16 complex complex NN 39396 152 17 of of IN 39396 152 18 grasses grass NNS 39396 152 19 on on IN 39396 152 20 the the DT 39396 152 21 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 152 22 , , , 39396 152 23 and and CC 39396 152 24 because because IN 39396 152 25 years year NNS 39396 152 26 in in IN 39396 152 27 which which WDT 39396 152 28 there there EX 39396 152 29 was be VBD 39396 152 30 a a DT 39396 152 31 sparse sparse JJ 39396 152 32 growth growth NN 39396 152 33 of of IN 39396 152 34 plants plant NNS 39396 152 35 due due JJ 39396 152 36 to to IN 39396 152 37 dry dry JJ 39396 152 38 weather weather NN 39396 152 39 showed show VBD 39396 152 40 a a DT 39396 152 41 decrease decrease NN 39396 152 42 in in IN 39396 152 43 the the DT 39396 152 44 density density NN 39396 152 45 of of IN 39396 152 46 voles vole NNS 39396 152 47 , , , 39396 152 48 the the DT 39396 152 49 relationships relationship NNS 39396 152 50 between between IN 39396 152 51 productivity productivity NN 39396 152 52 of of IN 39396 152 53 plants plant NNS 39396 152 54 and and CC 39396 152 55 vole vole JJ 39396 152 56 population population NN 39396 152 57 levels level NNS 39396 152 58 on on IN 39396 152 59 the the DT 39396 152 60 two two CD 39396 152 61 study study NN 39396 152 62 areas area NNS 39396 152 63 were be VBD 39396 152 64 investigated investigate VBN 39396 152 65 . . . 39396 153 1 In in IN 39396 153 2 both both DT 39396 153 3 fields field VBZ 39396 153 4 the the DT 39396 153 5 composition composition NN 39396 153 6 of of IN 39396 153 7 the the DT 39396 153 8 plant plant NN 39396 153 9 cover cover NN 39396 153 10 was be VBD 39396 153 11 similar similar JJ 39396 153 12 , , , 39396 153 13 and and CC 39396 153 14 the the DT 39396 153 15 differences difference NNS 39396 153 16 were be VBD 39396 153 17 chiefly chiefly RB 39396 153 18 quantitative quantitative JJ 39396 153 19 . . . 39396 154 1 In in IN 39396 154 2 June June NNP 39396 154 3 , , , 39396 154 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 154 5 , , , 39396 154 6 ten ten CD 39396 154 7 square square JJ 39396 154 8 - - HYPH 39396 154 9 meter meter NN 39396 154 10 quadrats quadrat NNS 39396 154 11 were be VBD 39396 154 12 clipped clip VBN 39396 154 13 on on IN 39396 154 14 each each DT 39396 154 15 of of IN 39396 154 16 the the DT 39396 154 17 areas area NNS 39396 154 18 to to TO 39396 154 19 be be VB 39396 154 20 studied study VBN 39396 154 21 . . . 39396 155 1 The the DT 39396 155 2 clippings clipping NNS 39396 155 3 from from IN 39396 155 4 each each DT 39396 155 5 were be VBD 39396 155 6 dried dry VBN 39396 155 7 in in IN 39396 155 8 the the DT 39396 155 9 sun sun NN 39396 155 10 and and CC 39396 155 11 weighed weigh VBD 39396 155 12 . . . 39396 156 1 From from IN 39396 156 2 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 156 3 Field Field NNP 39396 156 4 the the DT 39396 156 5 mean mean JJ 39396 156 6 yield yield NN 39396 156 7 amounted amount VBD 39396 156 8 to to IN 39396 156 9 1513 1513 CD 39396 156 10 ± ± NNP 39396 156 11 302 302 CD 39396 156 12 lbs lbs NN 39396 156 13 . . . 39396 157 1 per per IN 39396 157 2 acre acre NN 39396 157 3 ; ; : 39396 157 4 while while IN 39396 157 5 from from IN 39396 157 6 House House NNP 39396 157 7 Field Field NNP 39396 157 8 the the DT 39396 157 9 yield yield NN 39396 157 10 was be VBD 39396 157 11 2351 2351 CD 39396 157 12 ± ± NNP 39396 157 13 190 190 CD 39396 157 14 lbs lbs NN 39396 157 15 . . . 39396 158 1 per per IN 39396 158 2 acre acre NN 39396 158 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 158 4 Table table NN 39396 158 5 1 1 CD 39396 158 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 158 7 . . . 39396 159 1 Using use VBG 39396 159 2 experience experience NN 39396 159 3 gained gain VBN 39396 159 4 in in IN 39396 159 5 making make VBG 39396 159 6 these these DT 39396 159 7 samples sample NNS 39396 159 8 , , , 39396 159 9 I -PRON- PRP 39396 159 10 periodically periodically RB 39396 159 11 estimated estimate VBD 39396 159 12 the the DT 39396 159 13 relative relative JJ 39396 159 14 productivity productivity NN 39396 159 15 of of IN 39396 159 16 the the DT 39396 159 17 two two CD 39396 159 18 areas area NNS 39396 159 19 . . . 39396 160 1 House House NNP 39396 160 2 Field Field NNP 39396 160 3 was be VBD 39396 160 4 from from IN 39396 160 5 1.5 1.5 CD 39396 160 6 to to TO 39396 160 7 3 3 CD 39396 160 8 times time NNS 39396 160 9 as as RB 39396 160 10 productive productive JJ 39396 160 11 as as IN 39396 160 12 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 160 13 Field Field NNP 39396 160 14 during during IN 39396 160 15 the the DT 39396 160 16 growing grow VBG 39396 160 17 seasons season NNS 39396 160 18 of of IN 39396 160 19 1951 1951 CD 39396 160 20 and and CC 39396 160 21 1952 1952 CD 39396 160 22 . . . 39396 161 1 Although although IN 39396 161 2 House House NNP 39396 161 3 Field Field NNP 39396 161 4 , , , 39396 161 5 being be VBG 39396 161 6 more more RBR 39396 161 7 productive productive JJ 39396 161 8 , , , 39396 161 9 usually usually RB 39396 161 10 supported support VBD 39396 161 11 a a DT 39396 161 12 larger large JJR 39396 161 13 population population NN 39396 161 14 of of IN 39396 161 15 voles vole NNS 39396 161 16 than than IN 39396 161 17 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 161 18 Field Field NNP 39396 161 19 the the DT 39396 161 20 reverse reverse NN 39396 161 21 was be VBD 39396 161 22 true true JJ 39396 161 23 at at IN 39396 161 24 the the DT 39396 161 25 time time NN 39396 161 26 of of IN 39396 161 27 the the DT 39396 161 28 clipping clipping JJ 39396 161 29 ( ( -LRB- 39396 161 30 Fig fig NN 39396 161 31 . . . 39396 162 1 5 5 LS 39396 162 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 162 3 . . . 39396 163 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 39396 163 2 1 1 CD 39396 163 3 . . . 39396 164 1 RELATIONSHIP relationship VB 39396 164 2 BETWEEN between IN 39396 164 3 YIELD yield NN 39396 164 4 AND and CC 39396 164 5 VARIOUS various NN 39396 164 6 POPULATION POPULATION NNP 39396 164 7 DATA datum NNS 39396 164 8 = = SYM 39396 164 9 = = SYM 39396 164 10 = = SYM 39396 164 11 = = SYM 39396 164 12 = = SYM 39396 164 13 = = SYM 39396 164 14 = = SYM 39396 164 15 = = SYM 39396 164 16 = = SYM 39396 164 17 = = SYM 39396 164 18 = = SYM 39396 164 19 = = SYM 39396 164 20 = = SYM 39396 164 21 = = SYM 39396 164 22 = = SYM 39396 164 23 = = SYM 39396 164 24 = = SYM 39396 164 25 = = SYM 39396 164 26 = = SYM 39396 164 27 = = SYM 39396 164 28 = = SYM 39396 164 29 = = SYM 39396 164 30 = = SYM 39396 164 31 = = SYM 39396 164 32 = = SYM 39396 164 33 = = SYM 39396 164 34 = = SYM 39396 164 35 = = SYM 39396 164 36 = = SYM 39396 164 37 = = SYM 39396 164 38 = = SYM 39396 164 39 = = SYM 39396 164 40 = = SYM 39396 164 41 = = SYM 39396 164 42 = = SYM 39396 164 43 = = SYM 39396 164 44 = = SYM 39396 164 45 = = SYM 39396 164 46 = = SYM 39396 164 47 = = SYM 39396 164 48 = = SYM 39396 164 49 = = SYM 39396 164 50 = = SYM 39396 164 51 = = SYM 39396 164 52 = = SYM 39396 164 53 = = SYM 39396 164 54 = = SYM 39396 164 55 = = SYM 39396 164 56 = = SYM 39396 164 57 = = SYM 39396 164 58 = = SYM 39396 164 59 = = SYM 39396 164 60 = = SYM 39396 164 61 = = SYM 39396 164 62 = = SYM 39396 164 63 = = SYM 39396 164 64 = = SYM 39396 164 65 = = SYM 39396 164 66 = = SYM 39396 164 67 = = SYM 39396 164 68 = = SYM 39396 164 69 = = SYM 39396 164 70 = = SYM 39396 164 71 = = SYM 39396 164 72 = = SYM 39396 164 73 = = SYM 39396 164 74 = = SYM 39396 164 75 = = SYM 39396 164 76 = = NFP 39396 164 77 = = NFP 39396 164 78 House House NNP 39396 164 79 Field Field NNP 39396 164 80 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 164 81 Field Field NNP 39396 164 82 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 164 83 Yield yield NN 39396 164 84 in in IN 39396 164 85 June June NNP 39396 164 86 , , , 39396 164 87 1951 1951 CD 39396 164 88 , , , 39396 164 89 lbs./acre lbs./acre NNP 39396 164 90 2351 2351 CD 39396 164 91 ± ± CD 39396 164 92 190 190 CD 39396 164 93 1513 1513 CD 39396 164 94 ± ± CD 39396 164 95 302 302 CD 39396 164 96 _ _ NNP 39396 164 97 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 164 98 _ _ NNP 39396 164 99 , , , 39396 164 100 June June NNP 39396 164 101 , , , 39396 164 102 1951 1951 CD 39396 164 103 , , , 39396 164 104 gms./acre gms./acre CD 39396 164 105 3867 3867 CD 39396 164 106 5275 5275 CD 39396 164 107 Per Per NNP 39396 164 108 cent cent NN 39396 164 109 immature immature NN 39396 164 110 _ _ NNP 39396 164 111 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 164 112 _ _ NNP 39396 164 113 , , , 39396 164 114 June June NNP 39396 164 115 , , , 39396 164 116 1951 1951 CD 39396 164 117 29.85 29.85 CD 39396 164 118 38.02 38.02 CD 39396 164 119 Ratio Ratio NNP 39396 164 120 _ _ NNP 39396 164 121 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 164 122 _ _ NNP 39396 164 123 , , , 39396 164 124 June June NNP 39396 164 125 / / SYM 39396 164 126 March March NNP 39396 164 127 0.73 0.73 CD 39396 164 128 2.63 2.63 CD 39396 164 129 _ _ NNP 39396 164 130 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 164 131 _ _ NNP 39396 164 132 , , , 39396 164 133 June June NNP 39396 164 134 , , , 39396 164 135 1951 1951 CD 39396 164 136 , , , 39396 164 137 gms./acre gms./acre CD 39396 164 138 1376 1376 CD 39396 164 139 746 746 CD 39396 164 140 Per Per NNP 39396 164 141 cent cent NN 39396 164 142 immature immature NN 39396 164 143 _ _ NNP 39396 164 144 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 164 145 _ _ NNP 39396 164 146 , , , 39396 164 147 June June NNP 39396 164 148 , , , 39396 164 149 1951 1951 CD 39396 164 150 35.72 35.72 CD 39396 164 151 44.44 44.44 CD 39396 164 152 Ratio Ratio NNP 39396 164 153 _ _ NNP 39396 164 154 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 164 155 _ _ NNP 39396 164 156 , , , 39396 164 157 June June NNP 39396 164 158 / / SYM 39396 164 159 March March NNP 39396 164 160 1.40 1.40 CD 39396 164 161 2.25 2.25 CD 39396 164 162 _ _ NNP 39396 164 163 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 164 164 - - HYPH 39396 164 165 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 164 166 _ _ NNP 39396 164 167 , , , 39396 164 168 June June NNP 39396 164 169 , , , 39396 164 170 1951 1951 CD 39396 164 171 , , , 39396 164 172 gms./acre gms./acre CD 39396 164 173 5243 5243 CD 39396 164 174 6021 6021 CD 39396 164 175 _ _ NNP 39396 164 176 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 164 177 _ _ NNP 39396 164 178 mean mean NN 39396 164 179 , , , 39396 164 180 gms./acre gms./acre NNP 39396 164 181 / / SYM 39396 164 182 month month NN 39396 164 183 2922 2922 CD 39396 164 184 1831 1831 CD 39396 164 185 _ _ NNP 39396 164 186 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 164 187 _ _ NNP 39396 164 188 mean mean NN 39396 164 189 , , , 39396 164 190 gms./acre gms./acre NNP 39396 164 191 / / SYM 39396 164 192 month month NN 39396 164 193 802 802 CD 39396 164 194 335 335 CD 39396 164 195 _ _ NNP 39396 164 196 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 164 197 - - HYPH 39396 164 198 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 164 199 _ _ NNP 39396 164 200 , , , 39396 164 201 gms./acre gms./acre NNP 39396 164 202 / / SYM 39396 164 203 month month NN 39396 164 204 3728 3728 CD 39396 164 205 2166 2166 CD 39396 164 206 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 164 207 Although although IN 39396 164 208 no no DT 39396 164 209 explanation explanation NN 39396 164 210 was be VBD 39396 164 211 discovered discover VBN 39396 164 212 which which WDT 39396 164 213 accounted account VBD 39396 164 214 fully fully RB 39396 164 215 for for IN 39396 164 216 the the DT 39396 164 217 seeming seeming JJ 39396 164 218 aberration aberration NN 39396 164 219 , , , 39396 164 220 two two CD 39396 164 221 sets set NNS 39396 164 222 of of IN 39396 164 223 observations observation NNS 39396 164 224 were be VBD 39396 164 225 made make VBN 39396 164 226 that that WDT 39396 164 227 may may MD 39396 164 228 bear bear VB 39396 164 229 on on IN 39396 164 230 the the DT 39396 164 231 problem problem NN 39396 164 232 . . . 39396 165 1 In in IN 39396 165 2 June June NNP 39396 165 3 , , , 39396 165 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 165 5 , , , 39396 165 6 the the DT 39396 165 7 population population NN 39396 165 8 of of IN 39396 165 9 voles vole NNS 39396 165 10 and and CC 39396 165 11 cotton cotton NN 39396 165 12 rats rat NNS 39396 165 13 on on IN 39396 165 14 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 165 15 Field Field NNP 39396 165 16 was be VBD 39396 165 17 increasing increase VBG 39396 165 18 rapidly rapidly RB 39396 165 19 whereas whereas IN 39396 165 20 in in IN 39396 165 21 House House NNP 39396 165 22 Field Field NNP 39396 165 23 that that DT 39396 165 24 trend trend NN 39396 165 25 was be VBD 39396 165 26 reversed reverse VBN 39396 165 27 . . . 39396 166 1 The the DT 39396 166 2 trends trend NNS 39396 166 3 were be VBD 39396 166 4 reflected reflect VBN 39396 166 5 by by IN 39396 166 6 the the DT 39396 166 7 percentages percentage NNS 39396 166 8 of of IN 39396 166 9 immature immature JJ 39396 166 10 individuals individual NNS 39396 166 11 in in IN 39396 166 12 the the DT 39396 166 13 two two CD 39396 166 14 populations population NNS 39396 166 15 and and CC 39396 166 16 by by IN 39396 166 17 the the DT 39396 166 18 ratios ratio NNS 39396 166 19 of of IN 39396 166 20 the the DT 39396 166 21 June June NNP 39396 166 22 , , , 39396 166 23 1951 1951 CD 39396 166 24 , , , 39396 166 25 densities densitie VBZ 39396 166 26 to to IN 39396 166 27 the the DT 39396 166 28 March March NNP 39396 166 29 , , , 39396 166 30 1951 1951 CD 39396 166 31 , , , 39396 166 32 densities density NNS 39396 166 33 ( ( -LRB- 39396 166 34 Table table NN 39396 166 35 1 1 CD 39396 166 36 ) ) -RRB- 39396 166 37 . . . 39396 167 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 39396 167 2 the the DT 39396 167 3 density density NN 39396 167 4 curve curve NN 39396 167 5 was be VBD 39396 167 6 determined determine VBN 39396 167 7 in in IN 39396 167 8 part part NN 39396 167 9 by by IN 39396 167 10 factors factor NNS 39396 167 11 inherent inherent JJ 39396 167 12 in in IN 39396 167 13 the the DT 39396 167 14 population population NN 39396 167 15 and and CC 39396 167 16 , , , 39396 167 17 to to IN 39396 167 18 that that DT 39396 167 19 extent extent NN 39396 167 20 , , , 39396 167 21 was be VBD 39396 167 22 fluctuating fluctuate VBG 39396 167 23 independently independently RB 39396 167 24 of of IN 39396 167 25 the the DT 39396 167 26 environment environment NN 39396 167 27 ( ( -LRB- 39396 167 28 Errington Errington NNP 39396 167 29 , , , 39396 167 30 1946:153 1946:153 CD 39396 167 31 ) ) -RRB- 39396 167 32 . . . 39396 168 1 The the DT 39396 168 2 flood flood NN 39396 168 3 in in IN 39396 168 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 168 5 reduced reduce VBD 39396 168 6 the the DT 39396 168 7 population population NN 39396 168 8 of of IN 39396 168 9 voles vole NNS 39396 168 10 and and CC 39396 168 11 obscured obscure VBD 39396 168 12 the the DT 39396 168 13 normal normal JJ 39396 168 14 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 168 15 trends trend NNS 39396 168 16 . . . 39396 169 1 Although although IN 39396 169 2 House House NNP 39396 169 3 Field Field NNP 39396 169 4 produced produce VBD 39396 169 5 a a DT 39396 169 6 heavier heavy JJR 39396 169 7 crop crop NN 39396 169 8 of of IN 39396 169 9 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 169 10 , , , 39396 169 11 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 169 12 Field Field NNP 39396 169 13 produced produce VBD 39396 169 14 a a DT 39396 169 15 larger large JJR 39396 169 16 crop crop NN 39396 169 17 of of IN 39396 169 18 rodents rodent NNS 39396 169 19 , , , 39396 169 20 chiefly chiefly RB 39396 169 21 _ _ NNP 39396 169 22 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 169 23 _ _ NNP 39396 169 24 and and CC 39396 169 25 _ _ NNP 39396 169 26 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 169 27 _ _ NNP 39396 169 28 . . . 39396 170 1 In in IN 39396 170 2 House House NNP 39396 170 3 Field Field NNP 39396 170 4 , , , 39396 170 5 however however RB 39396 170 6 , , , 39396 170 7 the the DT 39396 170 8 ratio ratio NN 39396 170 9 of of IN 39396 170 10 _ _ NNP 39396 170 11 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 170 12 _ _ NNP 39396 170 13 to to IN 39396 170 14 _ _ NNP 39396 170 15 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 170 16 _ _ NNP 39396 170 17 was be VBD 39396 170 18 notably notably RB 39396 170 19 higher high JJR 39396 170 20 . . . 39396 171 1 Presumably presumably RB 39396 171 2 the the DT 39396 171 3 cotton cotton NN 39396 171 4 rats rat VBZ 39396 171 5 competed compete VBN 39396 171 6 with with IN 39396 171 7 the the DT 39396 171 8 voles vole NNS 39396 171 9 and and CC 39396 171 10 exerted exert VBD 39396 171 11 a a DT 39396 171 12 depressing depressing JJ 39396 171 13 effect effect NN 39396 171 14 on on IN 39396 171 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 171 16 numbers number NNS 39396 171 17 . . . 39396 172 1 The the DT 39396 172 2 intensity intensity NN 39396 172 3 of of IN 39396 172 4 the the DT 39396 172 5 effect effect NN 39396 172 6 seemed seem VBD 39396 172 7 to to TO 39396 172 8 depend depend VB 39396 172 9 on on IN 39396 172 10 the the DT 39396 172 11 abundance abundance NN 39396 172 12 of of IN 39396 172 13 both both DT 39396 172 14 species specie NNS 39396 172 15 . . . 39396 173 1 That that IN 39396 173 2 this this DT 39396 173 3 depressing depress VBG 39396 173 4 effect effect NN 39396 173 5 involved involve VBD 39396 173 6 more more JJR 39396 173 7 than than IN 39396 173 8 direct direct JJ 39396 173 9 competition competition NN 39396 173 10 for for IN 39396 173 11 plant plant NN 39396 173 12 food food NN 39396 173 13 was be VBD 39396 173 14 suggested suggest VBN 39396 173 15 by by IN 39396 173 16 the the DT 39396 173 17 fact fact NN 39396 173 18 that that IN 39396 173 19 in in IN 39396 173 20 House House NNP 39396 173 21 Field Field NNP 39396 173 22 , , , 39396 173 23 with with IN 39396 173 24 a a DT 39396 173 25 heavy heavy JJ 39396 173 26 crop crop NN 39396 173 27 of of IN 39396 173 28 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 173 29 and and CC 39396 173 30 a a DT 39396 173 31 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 173 32 high high JJ 39396 173 33 carrying carrying NN 39396 173 34 capacity capacity NN 39396 173 35 for for IN 39396 173 36 both both CC 39396 173 37 herbivorous herbivorous JJ 39396 173 38 rodents rodent NNS 39396 173 39 , , , 39396 173 40 the the DT 39396 173 41 biomass biomass NN 39396 173 42 of of IN 39396 173 43 voles vole NNS 39396 173 44 , , , 39396 173 45 and and CC 39396 173 46 of of IN 39396 173 47 all all DT 39396 173 48 rodents rodent NNS 39396 173 49 combined combine VBN 39396 173 50 , , , 39396 173 51 were be VBD 39396 173 52 lower low JJR 39396 173 53 than than IN 39396 173 54 in in IN 39396 173 55 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 173 56 Field Field NNP 39396 173 57 which which WDT 39396 173 58 had have VBD 39396 173 59 less less JJR 39396 173 60 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 173 61 and and CC 39396 173 62 fewer few JJR 39396 173 63 cotton cotton NN 39396 173 64 rats rat NNS 39396 173 65 . . . 39396 174 1 The the DT 39396 174 2 relationships relationship NNS 39396 174 3 between between IN 39396 174 4 voles vole NNS 39396 174 5 and and CC 39396 174 6 cotton cotton NN 39396 174 7 rats rat NNS 39396 174 8 are be VBP 39396 174 9 discussed discuss VBN 39396 174 10 further further RB 39396 174 11 later later RB 39396 174 12 in in IN 39396 174 13 this this DT 39396 174 14 report report NN 39396 174 15 . . . 39396 175 1 When when WRB 39396 175 2 the the DT 39396 175 3 centers center NNS 39396 175 4 of of IN 39396 175 5 activity activity NN 39396 175 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 175 7 Hayne Hayne NNP 39396 175 8 , , , 39396 175 9 1949b 1949b CD 39396 175 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 175 11 of of IN 39396 175 12 individual individual JJ 39396 175 13 voles vole NNS 39396 175 14 were be VBD 39396 175 15 plotted plot VBN 39396 175 16 it -PRON- PRP 39396 175 17 was be VBD 39396 175 18 seen see VBN 39396 175 19 that that IN 39396 175 20 there there EX 39396 175 21 was be VBD 39396 175 22 a a DT 39396 175 23 shift shift NN 39396 175 24 in in IN 39396 175 25 the the DT 39396 175 26 places place NNS 39396 175 27 of of IN 39396 175 28 high high JJ 39396 175 29 density density NN 39396 175 30 of of IN 39396 175 31 voles vole NNS 39396 175 32 on on IN 39396 175 33 the the DT 39396 175 34 trapping trapping NN 39396 175 35 areas area NNS 39396 175 36 . . . 39396 176 1 This this DT 39396 176 2 shift shift NN 39396 176 3 seemed seem VBD 39396 176 4 to to TO 39396 176 5 be be VB 39396 176 6 related relate VBN 39396 176 7 to to IN 39396 176 8 the the DT 39396 176 9 advance advance NN 39396 176 10 of of IN 39396 176 11 the the DT 39396 176 12 forest forest NN 39396 176 13 edge edge NN 39396 176 14 with with IN 39396 176 15 such such JJ 39396 176 16 woody woody NN 39396 176 17 plants plant NNS 39396 176 18 as as IN 39396 176 19 _ _ NNP 39396 176 20 Rhus Rhus NNP 39396 176 21 _ _ NNP 39396 176 22 and and CC 39396 176 23 _ _ NNP 39396 176 24 Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos NNP 39396 176 25 _ _ NNP 39396 176 26 and and CC 39396 176 27 young young JJ 39396 176 28 trees tree NNS 39396 176 29 invading invade VBG 39396 176 30 the the DT 39396 176 31 area area NN 39396 176 32 . . . 39396 177 1 These these DT 39396 177 2 shifts shift NNS 39396 177 3 were be VBD 39396 177 4 clearly clearly RB 39396 177 5 shown show VBN 39396 177 6 when when WRB 39396 177 7 the the DT 39396 177 8 distribution distribution NN 39396 177 9 of of IN 39396 177 10 activity activity NN 39396 177 11 centers center NNS 39396 177 12 on on IN 39396 177 13 both both DT 39396 177 14 areas area NNS 39396 177 15 in in IN 39396 177 16 June June NNP 39396 177 17 , , , 39396 177 18 1951 1951 CD 39396 177 19 , , , 39396 177 20 was be VBD 39396 177 21 compared compare VBN 39396 177 22 with with IN 39396 177 23 the the DT 39396 177 24 distribution distribution NN 39396 177 25 in in IN 39396 177 26 June June NNP 39396 177 27 , , , 39396 177 28 1952 1952 CD 39396 177 29 ( ( -LRB- 39396 177 30 Fig fig NN 39396 177 31 . . . 39396 178 1 1 1 LS 39396 178 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 178 3 . . . 39396 179 1 The the DT 39396 179 2 shift shift NN 39396 179 3 was be VBD 39396 179 4 gradual gradual JJ 39396 179 5 and and CC 39396 179 6 the the DT 39396 179 7 more more RBR 39396 179 8 or or CC 39396 179 9 less less RBR 39396 179 10 steady steady JJ 39396 179 11 progress progress NN 39396 179 12 could could MD 39396 179 13 be be VB 39396 179 14 observed observe VBN 39396 179 15 by by IN 39396 179 16 comparing compare VBG 39396 179 17 the the DT 39396 179 18 monthly monthly JJ 39396 179 19 trapping trapping NN 39396 179 20 records record NNS 39396 179 21 . . . 39396 180 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 180 2 was be VBD 39396 180 3 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 180 4 significant significant JJ 39396 180 5 that that IN 39396 180 6 during during IN 39396 180 7 the the DT 39396 180 8 summers summer NNS 39396 180 9 the the DT 39396 180 10 centers center NNS 39396 180 11 of of IN 39396 180 12 activity activity NN 39396 180 13 were be VBD 39396 180 14 less less RBR 39396 180 15 concentrated concentrated JJ 39396 180 16 than than IN 39396 180 17 during during IN 39396 180 18 the the DT 39396 180 19 winter winter NN 39396 180 20 . . . 39396 181 1 The the DT 39396 181 2 shift shift NN 39396 181 3 of of IN 39396 181 4 voles vole NNS 39396 181 5 away away RB 39396 181 6 from from IN 39396 181 7 the the DT 39396 181 8 woods wood NNS 39396 181 9 was be VBD 39396 181 10 more more RBR 39396 181 11 nearly nearly RB 39396 181 12 evident evident JJ 39396 181 13 in in IN 39396 181 14 winter winter NN 39396 181 15 when when WRB 39396 181 16 the the DT 39396 181 17 voles vole NNS 39396 181 18 were be VBD 39396 181 19 driven drive VBN 39396 181 20 into into IN 39396 181 21 areas area NNS 39396 181 22 of of IN 39396 181 23 denser denser NN 39396 181 24 ground ground NNP 39396 181 25 cover cover NNP 39396 181 26 , , , 39396 181 27 which which WDT 39396 181 28 provided provide VBD 39396 181 29 better well JJR 39396 181 30 shelter shelter NN 39396 181 31 . . . 39396 182 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 182 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 182 3 : : : 39396 182 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 182 5 . . . 39396 183 1 1 1 LS 39396 183 2 . . . 39396 184 1 Progressive progressive JJ 39396 184 2 encroachment encroachment NN 39396 184 3 of of IN 39396 184 4 woody woody NN 39396 184 5 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 184 6 onto onto IN 39396 184 7 study study NN 39396 184 8 areas area NNS 39396 184 9 , , , 39396 184 10 and and CC 39396 184 11 the the DT 39396 184 12 accompanying accompanying JJ 39396 184 13 shift shift NN 39396 184 14 of of IN 39396 184 15 the the DT 39396 184 16 centers center NNS 39396 184 17 of of IN 39396 184 18 populations population NNS 39396 184 19 of of IN 39396 184 20 voles vole NNS 39396 184 21 . . . 39396 185 1 Activity activity NN 39396 185 2 centers center NNS 39396 185 3 of of IN 39396 185 4 individuals individual NNS 39396 185 5 were be VBD 39396 185 6 calculated calculate VBN 39396 185 7 as as IN 39396 185 8 described describe VBN 39396 185 9 by by IN 39396 185 10 Hayne Hayne NNP 39396 185 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 185 12 1949b 1949b CD 39396 185 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 185 14 and and CC 39396 185 15 are be VBP 39396 185 16 indicated indicate VBN 39396 185 17 by by IN 39396 185 18 dots dot NNS 39396 185 19 . . . 39396 186 1 The the DT 39396 186 2 cross cross JJ 39396 186 3 - - JJ 39396 186 4 hatched hatch VBN 39396 186 5 areas area NNS 39396 186 6 show show VBP 39396 186 7 places place NNS 39396 186 8 where where WRB 39396 186 9 the the DT 39396 186 10 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 186 11 was be VBD 39396 186 12 influenced influence VBN 39396 186 13 by by IN 39396 186 14 the the DT 39396 186 15 shade shade NN 39396 186 16 of of IN 39396 186 17 woody woody NN 39396 186 18 plants plant NNS 39396 186 19 . . . 39396 186 20 ] ] -RRB- 39396 187 1 From from IN 39396 187 2 1948 1948 CD 39396 187 3 to to IN 39396 187 4 1950 1950 CD 39396 187 5 and and CC 39396 187 6 again again RB 39396 187 7 in in IN 39396 187 8 1952 1952 CD 39396 187 9 and and CC 39396 187 10 1953 1953 CD 39396 187 11 I -PRON- PRP 39396 187 12 trapped trap VBD 39396 187 13 in in IN 39396 187 14 various various JJ 39396 187 15 habitat habitat NN 39396 187 16 types type NNS 39396 187 17 in in IN 39396 187 18 a a DT 39396 187 19 mixed mixed JJ 39396 187 20 prairie prairie NN 39396 187 21 near near IN 39396 187 22 Hays Hays NNP 39396 187 23 , , , 39396 187 24 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 187 25 . . . 39396 188 1 Before before IN 39396 188 2 the the DT 39396 188 3 great great JJ 39396 188 4 drought drought NN 39396 188 5 of of IN 39396 188 6 the the DT 39396 188 7 thirties thirty NNS 39396 188 8 , , , 39396 188 9 _ _ NNP 39396 188 10 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 188 11 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 188 12 _ _ NNP 39396 188 13 was be VBD 39396 188 14 the the DT 39396 188 15 most most RBS 39396 188 16 common common JJ 39396 188 17 species specie NNS 39396 188 18 of of IN 39396 188 19 small small JJ 39396 188 20 mammal mammal NN 39396 188 21 in in IN 39396 188 22 that that DT 39396 188 23 area area NN 39396 188 24 . . . 39396 189 1 Since since IN 39396 189 2 1948 1948 CD 39396 189 3 , , , 39396 189 4 at at IN 39396 189 5 least least JJS 39396 189 6 , , , 39396 189 7 it -PRON- PRP 39396 189 8 has have VBZ 39396 189 9 been be VBN 39396 189 10 taken take VBN 39396 189 11 only only RB 39396 189 12 rarely rarely RB 39396 189 13 and and CC 39396 189 14 from from IN 39396 189 15 a a DT 39396 189 16 few few JJ 39396 189 17 habitats habitat NNS 39396 189 18 . . . 39396 190 1 No no DT 39396 190 2 voles vole NNS 39396 190 3 have have VBP 39396 190 4 been be VBN 39396 190 5 taken take VBN 39396 190 6 from from IN 39396 190 7 grazed graze VBN 39396 190 8 sites site NNS 39396 190 9 . . . 39396 191 1 In in IN 39396 191 2 a a DT 39396 191 3 relict relict JJ 39396 191 4 area area NN 39396 191 5 , , , 39396 191 6 voles vole NNS 39396 191 7 were be VBD 39396 191 8 trapped trap VBN 39396 191 9 in in IN 39396 191 10 a a DT 39396 191 11 lowland lowland NNP 39396 191 12 association association NN 39396 191 13 dominated dominate VBN 39396 191 14 by by IN 39396 191 15 big big JJ 39396 191 16 bluestem bluestem NN 39396 191 17 . . . 39396 192 1 Since since IN 39396 192 2 1948 1948 CD 39396 192 3 only only RB 39396 192 4 one one CD 39396 192 5 vole vole NNP 39396 192 6 has have VBZ 39396 192 7 been be VBN 39396 192 8 trapped trap VBN 39396 192 9 in in IN 39396 192 10 the the DT 39396 192 11 more more RBR 39396 192 12 extensive extensive JJ 39396 192 13 hillside hillside NNP 39396 192 14 association association NN 39396 192 15 characterized characterize VBN 39396 192 16 by by IN 39396 192 17 a a DT 39396 192 18 mixture mixture NN 39396 192 19 of of IN 39396 192 20 big big JJ 39396 192 21 bluestem bluestem NN 39396 192 22 , , , 39396 192 23 little little JJ 39396 192 24 bluestem bluestem NN 39396 192 25 and and CC 39396 192 26 side side NN 39396 192 27 - - HYPH 39396 192 28 oats oats NN 39396 192 29 grama grama NN 39396 192 30 . . . 39396 193 1 None none NN 39396 193 2 was be VBD 39396 193 3 taken take VBN 39396 193 4 in in IN 39396 193 5 the the DT 39396 193 6 upland upland JJ 39396 193 7 parts part NNS 39396 193 8 of of IN 39396 193 9 the the DT 39396 193 10 relict relict JJ 39396 193 11 area area NN 39396 193 12 where where WRB 39396 193 13 buffalo buffalo NNP 39396 193 14 grass grass NNP 39396 193 15 and and CC 39396 193 16 blue blue NNP 39396 193 17 grama grama NNP 39396 193 18 dominated dominate VBD 39396 193 19 the the DT 39396 193 20 association association NN 39396 193 21 . . . 39396 194 1 In in IN 39396 194 2 the the DT 39396 194 3 pastured pasture VBN 39396 194 4 areas area NNS 39396 194 5 there there EX 39396 194 6 are be VBP 39396 194 7 nine nine CD 39396 194 8 livestock livestock NN 39396 194 9 exclosures exclosure NNS 39396 194 10 established establish VBN 39396 194 11 by by IN 39396 194 12 the the DT 39396 194 13 Department Department NNP 39396 194 14 of of IN 39396 194 15 Botany Botany NNP 39396 194 16 of of IN 39396 194 17 Ft Ft NNP 39396 194 18 . . . 39396 194 19 Hays Hays NNP 39396 194 20 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 194 21 State State NNP 39396 194 22 College College NNP 39396 194 23 . . . 39396 195 1 These these DT 39396 195 2 exclosures exclosure NNS 39396 195 3 included include VBD 39396 195 4 many many JJ 39396 195 5 types type NNS 39396 195 6 of of IN 39396 195 7 habitat habitat NN 39396 195 8 found find VBN 39396 195 9 in in IN 39396 195 10 the the DT 39396 195 11 mixed mixed JJ 39396 195 12 prairie prairie NN 39396 195 13 . . . 39396 196 1 All all DT 39396 196 2 of of IN 39396 196 3 these these DT 39396 196 4 exclosures exclosure NNS 39396 196 5 were be VBD 39396 196 6 trapped trap VBN 39396 196 7 and and CC 39396 196 8 voles vole NNS 39396 196 9 were be VBD 39396 196 10 taken take VBN 39396 196 11 in in RP 39396 196 12 only only RB 39396 196 13 two two CD 39396 196 14 of of IN 39396 196 15 them -PRON- PRP 39396 196 16 . . . 39396 197 1 An an DT 39396 197 2 exclosure exclosure NN 39396 197 3 situated situate VBN 39396 197 4 near near IN 39396 197 5 a a DT 39396 197 6 pond pond NN 39396 197 7 , , , 39396 197 8 on on IN 39396 197 9 low low JJ 39396 197 10 ground ground NN 39396 197 11 producing produce VBG 39396 197 12 a a DT 39396 197 13 luxuriant luxuriant JJ 39396 197 14 growth growth NN 39396 197 15 of of IN 39396 197 16 big big JJ 39396 197 17 bluestem bluestem NN 39396 197 18 and and CC 39396 197 19 western western JJ 39396 197 20 wheat wheat NNP 39396 197 21 grass grass NN 39396 197 22 , , , 39396 197 23 has have VBZ 39396 197 24 supported support VBN 39396 197 25 voles vole NNS 39396 197 26 in in IN 39396 197 27 1948 1948 CD 39396 197 28 , , , 39396 197 29 1949 1949 CD 39396 197 30 , , , 39396 197 31 1952 1952 CD 39396 197 32 and and CC 39396 197 33 1953 1953 CD 39396 197 34 . . . 39396 198 1 An an DT 39396 198 2 upland upland JJ 39396 198 3 exclosure exclosure NN 39396 198 4 containing contain VBG 39396 198 5 only only RB 39396 198 6 short short JJ 39396 198 7 grasses grass NNS 39396 198 8 also also RB 39396 198 9 supported support VBD 39396 198 10 a a DT 39396 198 11 few few JJ 39396 198 12 voles vole NNS 39396 198 13 in in IN 39396 198 14 1953 1953 CD 39396 198 15 . . . 39396 199 1 An an DT 39396 199 2 examination examination NN 39396 199 3 of of IN 39396 199 4 the the DT 39396 199 5 nature nature NN 39396 199 6 of of IN 39396 199 7 the the DT 39396 199 8 various various JJ 39396 199 9 plant plant NN 39396 199 10 associations association NNS 39396 199 11 of of IN 39396 199 12 the the DT 39396 199 13 mixed mixed JJ 39396 199 14 prairie prairie NN 39396 199 15 indicates indicate VBZ 39396 199 16 that that DT 39396 199 17 yield yield NN 39396 199 18 of of IN 39396 199 19 grasses grass NNS 39396 199 20 , , , 39396 199 21 amount amount NN 39396 199 22 of of IN 39396 199 23 debris debris NN 39396 199 24 and and CC 39396 199 25 basal basal NN 39396 199 26 cover cover NN 39396 199 27 may may MD 39396 199 28 be be VB 39396 199 29 critical critical JJ 39396 199 30 factors factor NNS 39396 199 31 in in IN 39396 199 32 the the DT 39396 199 33 distribution distribution NN 39396 199 34 of of IN 39396 199 35 voles vole NNS 39396 199 36 . . . 39396 200 1 The the DT 39396 200 2 association association NN 39396 200 3 to to TO 39396 200 4 which which WDT 39396 200 5 the the DT 39396 200 6 voles vole NNS 39396 200 7 seemed seem VBD 39396 200 8 to to TO 39396 200 9 belong belong VB 39396 200 10 was be VBD 39396 200 11 the the DT 39396 200 12 lowland lowland NNP 39396 200 13 association association NNP 39396 200 14 . . . 39396 201 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 39396 201 2 _ _ NNP 39396 201 3 et et NNP 39396 201 4 al al NNP 39396 201 5 _ _ NNP 39396 201 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 201 7 1952:401 1952:401 CD 39396 201 8 ; ; : 39396 201 9 409 409 CD 39396 201 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 201 11 reported report VBD 39396 201 12 the the DT 39396 201 13 yield yield NN 39396 201 14 of of IN 39396 201 15 grasses grass NNS 39396 201 16 from from IN 39396 201 17 the the DT 39396 201 18 lowland lowland NN 39396 201 19 to to TO 39396 201 20 be be VB 39396 201 21 approximately approximately RB 39396 201 22 twice twice RB 39396 201 23 as as RB 39396 201 24 great great JJ 39396 201 25 as as IN 39396 201 26 from from IN 39396 201 27 the the DT 39396 201 28 hillside hillside NN 39396 201 29 and and CC 39396 201 30 upland upland VB 39396 201 31 in in IN 39396 201 32 most most JJS 39396 201 33 years year NNS 39396 201 34 . . . 39396 202 1 Probably probably RB 39396 202 2 equally equally RB 39396 202 3 important important JJ 39396 202 4 to to IN 39396 202 5 the the DT 39396 202 6 voles vole NNS 39396 202 7 was be VBD 39396 202 8 the the DT 39396 202 9 fact fact NN 39396 202 10 that that IN 39396 202 11 debris debris NN 39396 202 12 accumulation accumulation NN 39396 202 13 in in IN 39396 202 14 the the DT 39396 202 15 lowland lowland NN 39396 202 16 was be VBD 39396 202 17 approximately approximately RB 39396 202 18 five five CD 39396 202 19 times time NNS 39396 202 20 as as RB 39396 202 21 great great JJ 39396 202 22 as as IN 39396 202 23 in in IN 39396 202 24 the the DT 39396 202 25 upland upland NN 39396 202 26 and and CC 39396 202 27 approximately approximately RB 39396 202 28 2.5 2.5 CD 39396 202 29 times time NNS 39396 202 30 as as RB 39396 202 31 great great JJ 39396 202 32 as as IN 39396 202 33 on on IN 39396 202 34 the the DT 39396 202 35 hillside hillside NN 39396 202 36 ( ( -LRB- 39396 202 37 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 39396 202 38 , , , 39396 202 39 unpublished unpublished JJ 39396 202 40 data datum NNS 39396 202 41 ) ) -RRB- 39396 202 42 . . . 39396 203 1 The the DT 39396 203 2 unexpected unexpected JJ 39396 203 3 presence presence NN 39396 203 4 of of IN 39396 203 5 voles vole NNS 39396 203 6 in in IN 39396 203 7 the the DT 39396 203 8 short short JJ 39396 203 9 grass grass NN 39396 203 10 exclosure exclosure NN 39396 203 11 was be VBD 39396 203 12 probably probably RB 39396 203 13 due due IN 39396 203 14 to to IN 39396 203 15 two two CD 39396 203 16 factors factor NNS 39396 203 17 . . . 39396 204 1 In in IN 39396 204 2 ungrazed ungrazed JJ 39396 204 3 short short JJ 39396 204 4 grass grass NN 39396 204 5 , , , 39396 204 6 basal basal NNP 39396 204 7 cover cover NNP 39396 204 8 may may MD 39396 204 9 reach reach VB 39396 204 10 90 90 CD 39396 204 11 per per IN 39396 204 12 cent cent NN 39396 204 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 204 14 Albertson Albertson NNP 39396 204 15 , , , 39396 204 16 1937:545 1937:545 CD 39396 204 17 ) ) -RRB- 39396 204 18 , , , 39396 204 19 thus thus RB 39396 204 20 providing provide VBG 39396 204 21 excellent excellent JJ 39396 204 22 cover cover NN 39396 204 23 for for IN 39396 204 24 voles vole NNS 39396 204 25 . . . 39396 205 1 Also also RB 39396 205 2 , , , 39396 205 3 the the DT 39396 205 4 ungrazed ungrazed JJ 39396 205 5 exclosure exclosure NN 39396 205 6 had have VBD 39396 205 7 greater great JJR 39396 205 8 yield yield NN 39396 205 9 and and CC 39396 205 10 a a DT 39396 205 11 thicker thick JJR 39396 205 12 mat mat NN 39396 205 13 of of IN 39396 205 14 debris debris NN 39396 205 15 than than IN 39396 205 16 the the DT 39396 205 17 grazed graze VBN 39396 205 18 short short JJ 39396 205 19 grass grass NN 39396 205 20 surrounding surround VBG 39396 205 21 it -PRON- PRP 39396 205 22 and and CC 39396 205 23 was be VBD 39396 205 24 thus thus RB 39396 205 25 a a DT 39396 205 26 relatively relatively RB 39396 205 27 good good JJ 39396 205 28 habitat habitat NN 39396 205 29 , , , 39396 205 30 although although IN 39396 205 31 it -PRON- PRP 39396 205 32 did do VBD 39396 205 33 not not RB 39396 205 34 compare compare VB 39396 205 35 favorably favorably RB 39396 205 36 with with IN 39396 205 37 the the DT 39396 205 38 lowland lowland NN 39396 205 39 type type NN 39396 205 40 . . . 39396 206 1 Samples sample NNS 39396 206 2 of of IN 39396 206 3 the the DT 39396 206 4 populations population NNS 39396 206 5 of of IN 39396 206 6 various various JJ 39396 206 7 areas area NNS 39396 206 8 , , , 39396 206 9 obtained obtain VBN 39396 206 10 by by IN 39396 206 11 snap snap NN 39396 206 12 - - HYPH 39396 206 13 trapping trapping NN 39396 206 14 , , , 39396 206 15 gave give VBD 39396 206 16 further further JJ 39396 206 17 information information NN 39396 206 18 regarding regard VBG 39396 206 19 the the DT 39396 206 20 types type NNS 39396 206 21 of of IN 39396 206 22 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 206 23 preferred prefer VBN 39396 206 24 by by IN 39396 206 25 voles vole NNS 39396 206 26 . . . 39396 207 1 Voles vole NNS 39396 207 2 were be VBD 39396 207 3 taken take VBN 39396 207 4 in in IN 39396 207 5 all all DT 39396 207 6 ungrazed ungrazed JJ 39396 207 7 and and CC 39396 207 8 unmown unmown JJ 39396 207 9 grasslands grassland NNS 39396 207 10 trapped trap VBN 39396 207 11 in in IN 39396 207 12 eastern eastern JJ 39396 207 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 207 14 , , , 39396 207 15 although although IN 39396 207 16 some some DT 39396 207 17 of of IN 39396 207 18 the the DT 39396 207 19 areas area NNS 39396 207 20 were be VBD 39396 207 21 not not RB 39396 207 22 used use VBN 39396 207 23 at at IN 39396 207 24 all all DT 39396 207 25 seasons season NNS 39396 207 26 of of IN 39396 207 27 the the DT 39396 207 28 year year NN 39396 207 29 nor nor CC 39396 207 30 in in IN 39396 207 31 years year NNS 39396 207 32 having have VBG 39396 207 33 a a DT 39396 207 34 low low JJ 39396 207 35 population population NN 39396 207 36 of of IN 39396 207 37 _ _ NNP 39396 207 38 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 207 39 _ _ NNP 39396 207 40 . . . 39396 208 1 Reithro Reithro NNP 39396 208 2 Field Field NNP 39396 208 3 , , , 39396 208 4 similar similar JJ 39396 208 5 to to IN 39396 208 6 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 208 7 Field Field NNP 39396 208 8 in in IN 39396 208 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 208 10 general general JJ 39396 208 11 aspect aspect NN 39396 208 12 , , , 39396 208 13 had have VBD 39396 208 14 a a DT 39396 208 15 heavy heavy JJ 39396 208 16 population population NN 39396 208 17 of of IN 39396 208 18 voles vole NNS 39396 208 19 in in IN 39396 208 20 the the DT 39396 208 21 spring spring NN 39396 208 22 and and CC 39396 208 23 summer summer NN 39396 208 24 of of IN 39396 208 25 1951 1951 CD 39396 208 26 , , , 39396 208 27 a a DT 39396 208 28 time time NN 39396 208 29 when when WRB 39396 208 30 voles vole NNS 39396 208 31 were be VBD 39396 208 32 generally generally RB 39396 208 33 abundant abundant JJ 39396 208 34 . . . 39396 209 1 On on IN 39396 209 2 the the DT 39396 209 3 same same JJ 39396 209 4 area area NN 39396 209 5 the the DT 39396 209 6 population population NN 39396 209 7 of of IN 39396 209 8 small small JJ 39396 209 9 mammals mammal NNS 39396 209 10 was be VBD 39396 209 11 sampled sample VBN 39396 209 12 in in IN 39396 209 13 the the DT 39396 209 14 summer summer NN 39396 209 15 of of IN 39396 209 16 1949 1949 CD 39396 209 17 and and CC 39396 209 18 , , , 39396 209 19 though though IN 39396 209 20 occasional occasional JJ 39396 209 21 sign sign NN 39396 209 22 of of IN 39396 209 23 voles vole NNS 39396 209 24 was be VBD 39396 209 25 seen see VBN 39396 209 26 , , , 39396 209 27 not not RB 39396 209 28 one one CD 39396 209 29 vole vole NNP 39396 209 30 was be VBD 39396 209 31 trapped trap VBN 39396 209 32 . . . 39396 210 1 Later later RB 39396 210 2 trapping trap VBG 39396 210 3 , , , 39396 210 4 in in IN 39396 210 5 the the DT 39396 210 6 spring spring NN 39396 210 7 and and CC 39396 210 8 summer summer NN 39396 210 9 of of IN 39396 210 10 1952 1952 CD 39396 210 11 , , , 39396 210 12 also also RB 39396 210 13 failed fail VBD 39396 210 14 to to TO 39396 210 15 catch catch VB 39396 210 16 any any DT 39396 210 17 voles vole NNS 39396 210 18 and and CC 39396 210 19 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 210 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 210 21 1953 1953 CD 39396 210 22 , , , 39396 210 23 _ _ NNP 39396 210 24 in in IN 39396 210 25 litt litt NNP 39396 210 26 . . . 39396 210 27 _ _ NNP 39396 210 28 ) ) -RRB- 39396 210 29 caught catch VBD 39396 210 30 none none NN 39396 210 31 in in IN 39396 210 32 several several JJ 39396 210 33 trapping trap VBG 39396 210 34 attempts attempt NNS 39396 210 35 in in IN 39396 210 36 1953 1953 CD 39396 210 37 . . . 39396 211 1 These these DT 39396 211 2 later later JJ 39396 211 3 times time NNS 39396 211 4 were be VBD 39396 211 5 characterized characterize VBN 39396 211 6 by by IN 39396 211 7 a a DT 39396 211 8 general general JJ 39396 211 9 scarcity scarcity NN 39396 211 10 of of IN 39396 211 11 voles vole NNS 39396 211 12 . . . 39396 212 1 Reithro Reithro NNP 39396 212 2 Field Field NNP 39396 212 3 was be VBD 39396 212 4 drier dry JJR 39396 212 5 , , , 39396 212 6 with with IN 39396 212 7 less less JJR 39396 212 8 dense dense JJ 39396 212 9 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 212 10 , , , 39396 212 11 than than IN 39396 212 12 the the DT 39396 212 13 two two CD 39396 212 14 main main JJ 39396 212 15 study study NN 39396 212 16 areas area NNS 39396 212 17 and and CC 39396 212 18 had have VBD 39396 212 19 larger large JJR 39396 212 20 percentages percentage NNS 39396 212 21 of of IN 39396 212 22 little little JJ 39396 212 23 bluestem bluestem NN 39396 212 24 ( ( -LRB- 39396 212 25 _ _ NNP 39396 212 26 Andropogon Andropogon NNP 39396 212 27 scoparius scoparius NN 39396 212 28 _ _ NNP 39396 212 29 ) ) -RRB- 39396 212 30 and and CC 39396 212 31 side side NN 39396 212 32 - - HYPH 39396 212 33 oats oats NN 39396 212 34 grama grama NN 39396 212 35 ( ( -LRB- 39396 212 36 _ _ NNP 39396 212 37 Bouteloua Bouteloua NNP 39396 212 38 curtipendula curtipendula NN 39396 212 39 _ _ NNP 39396 212 40 ) ) -RRB- 39396 212 41 and and CC 39396 212 42 smaller small JJR 39396 212 43 percentages percentage NNS 39396 212 44 of of IN 39396 212 45 _ _ NNP 39396 212 46 Vernonia Vernonia NNP 39396 212 47 _ _ NNP 39396 212 48 , , , 39396 212 49 _ _ NNP 39396 212 50 Verbena Verbena NNP 39396 212 51 _ _ NNP 39396 212 52 , , , 39396 212 53 _ _ NNP 39396 212 54 Solanum Solanum NNP 39396 212 55 _ _ NNP 39396 212 56 and and CC 39396 212 57 _ _ NNP 39396 212 58 Solidago Solidago NNP 39396 212 59 _ _ NNP 39396 212 60 . . . 39396 213 1 Various various JJ 39396 213 2 species specie NNS 39396 213 3 of of IN 39396 213 4 foxtail foxtail NN 39396 213 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 213 6 _ _ NNP 39396 213 7 Setaria Setaria NNP 39396 213 8 _ _ NNP 39396 213 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 213 10 dominated dominate VBD 39396 213 11 most most JJS 39396 213 12 roadsides roadside NNS 39396 213 13 in in IN 39396 213 14 the the DT 39396 213 15 vicinity vicinity NN 39396 213 16 of of IN 39396 213 17 the the DT 39396 213 18 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 213 19 . . . 39396 214 1 Voles vole NNS 39396 214 2 almost almost RB 39396 214 3 always always RB 39396 214 4 used use VBD 39396 214 5 these these DT 39396 214 6 strips strip NNS 39396 214 7 of of IN 39396 214 8 grass grass NN 39396 214 9 but but CC 39396 214 10 never never RB 39396 214 11 were be VBD 39396 214 12 abundant abundant JJ 39396 214 13 in in IN 39396 214 14 them -PRON- PRP 39396 214 15 . . . 39396 215 1 Voles vole NNS 39396 215 2 were be VBD 39396 215 3 taken take VBN 39396 215 4 near near IN 39396 215 5 the the DT 39396 215 6 margin margin NN 39396 215 7 of of IN 39396 215 8 a a DT 39396 215 9 weedy weedy JJ 39396 215 10 field field NN 39396 215 11 , , , 39396 215 12 fallow fallow JJ 39396 215 13 since since IN 39396 215 14 1948 1948 CD 39396 215 15 , , , 39396 215 16 but but CC 39396 215 17 there there EX 39396 215 18 was be VBD 39396 215 19 none none NN 39396 215 20 in in IN 39396 215 21 the the DT 39396 215 22 middle middle NN 39396 215 23 of of IN 39396 215 24 the the DT 39396 215 25 field field NN 39396 215 26 . . . 39396 216 1 Most Most JJS 39396 216 2 individuals individual NNS 39396 216 3 were be VBD 39396 216 4 confined confine VBN 39396 216 5 to to IN 39396 216 6 the the DT 39396 216 7 grassy grassy JJ 39396 216 8 areas area NNS 39396 216 9 around around IN 39396 216 10 the the DT 39396 216 11 field field NN 39396 216 12 and and CC 39396 216 13 made make VBD 39396 216 14 only only JJ 39396 216 15 occasional occasional JJ 39396 216 16 forays foray NNS 39396 216 17 away away RB 39396 216 18 from from IN 39396 216 19 the the DT 39396 216 20 edge edge NN 39396 216 21 . . . 39396 217 1 The the DT 39396 217 2 dam dam NN 39396 217 3 of of IN 39396 217 4 a a DT 39396 217 5 small small JJ 39396 217 6 pond pond NN 39396 217 7 on on IN 39396 217 8 the the DT 39396 217 9 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 217 10 and and CC 39396 217 11 low low JJ 39396 217 12 ground ground NN 39396 217 13 near near IN 39396 217 14 the the DT 39396 217 15 water water NN 39396 217 16 were be VBD 39396 217 17 used use VBN 39396 217 18 by by IN 39396 217 19 _ _ NNP 39396 217 20 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 217 21 _ _ NNP 39396 217 22 at at IN 39396 217 23 all all DT 39396 217 24 times time NNS 39396 217 25 . . . 39396 218 1 In in IN 39396 218 2 the the DT 39396 218 3 summer summer NN 39396 218 4 of of IN 39396 218 5 1949 1949 CD 39396 218 6 no no DT 39396 218 7 voles vole NNS 39396 218 8 were be VBD 39396 218 9 taken take VBN 39396 218 10 anywhere anywhere RB 39396 218 11 on on IN 39396 218 12 the the DT 39396 218 13 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 218 14 but but CC 39396 218 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 218 16 runways runway NNS 39396 218 17 were be VBD 39396 218 18 more more RBR 39396 218 19 abundant abundant JJ 39396 218 20 around around IN 39396 218 21 the the DT 39396 218 22 pond pond NN 39396 218 23 than than IN 39396 218 24 in in IN 39396 218 25 the the DT 39396 218 26 other other JJ 39396 218 27 places place NNS 39396 218 28 examined examine VBD 39396 218 29 . . . 39396 219 1 Of of IN 39396 219 2 all all PDT 39396 219 3 the the DT 39396 219 4 areas area NNS 39396 219 5 studied study VBN 39396 219 6 in in IN 39396 219 7 the the DT 39396 219 8 summer summer NN 39396 219 9 of of IN 39396 219 10 1949 1949 CD 39396 219 11 , , , 39396 219 12 only only RB 39396 219 13 the the DT 39396 219 14 pond pond NN 39396 219 15 area area NN 39396 219 16 had have VBD 39396 219 17 been be VBN 39396 219 18 protected protect VBN 39396 219 19 from from IN 39396 219 20 grazing graze VBG 39396 219 21 in in IN 39396 219 22 previous previous JJ 39396 219 23 years year NNS 39396 219 24 . . . 39396 220 1 _ _ NNP 39396 220 2 Polygonum Polygonum NNP 39396 220 3 coccineum coccineum NN 39396 220 4 _ _ NNP 39396 220 5 was be VBD 39396 220 6 the the DT 39396 220 7 most most RBS 39396 220 8 prominent prominent JJ 39396 220 9 plant plant NN 39396 220 10 in in IN 39396 220 11 the the DT 39396 220 12 pond pond NNP 39396 220 13 edge edge NNP 39396 220 14 association association NNP 39396 220 15 . . . 39396 221 1 A a DT 39396 221 2 few few JJ 39396 221 3 voles vole NNS 39396 221 4 were be VBD 39396 221 5 trapped trap VBN 39396 221 6 in in IN 39396 221 7 large large JJ 39396 221 8 openings opening NNS 39396 221 9 in in IN 39396 221 10 the the DT 39396 221 11 woods wood NNS 39396 221 12 , , , 39396 221 13 where where WRB 39396 221 14 a a DT 39396 221 15 prairie prairie NN 39396 221 16 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 221 17 remained remain VBD 39396 221 18 and and CC 39396 221 19 where where WRB 39396 221 20 voles vole NNS 39396 221 21 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 221 22 lived live VBD 39396 221 23 in in IN 39396 221 24 nearly nearly RB 39396 221 25 isolated isolate VBN 39396 221 26 groups group NNS 39396 221 27 . . . 39396 222 1 Voles vole NNS 39396 222 2 were be VBD 39396 222 3 rarely rarely RB 39396 222 4 taken take VBN 39396 222 5 in in RP 39396 222 6 grazed graze VBN 39396 222 7 or or CC 39396 222 8 mown mown JJ 39396 222 9 grassland grassland NN 39396 222 10 or or CC 39396 222 11 in in IN 39396 222 12 fields field NNS 39396 222 13 of of IN 39396 222 14 alfalfa alfalfa NN 39396 222 15 , , , 39396 222 16 stubble stubble JJ 39396 222 17 or or CC 39396 222 18 row row VBP 39396 222 19 crops crop NNS 39396 222 20 . . . 39396 223 1 The the DT 39396 223 2 critical critical JJ 39396 223 3 factor factor NN 39396 223 4 in in IN 39396 223 5 these these DT 39396 223 6 cases case NNS 39396 223 7 seemed seem VBD 39396 223 8 to to TO 39396 223 9 be be VB 39396 223 10 the the DT 39396 223 11 absence absence NN 39396 223 12 of of IN 39396 223 13 debris debris NN 39396 223 14 or or CC 39396 223 15 other other JJ 39396 223 16 ground ground NN 39396 223 17 cover cover NN 39396 223 18 under under IN 39396 223 19 which which WDT 39396 223 20 runways runway NNS 39396 223 21 and and CC 39396 223 22 nests nest NNS 39396 223 23 could could MD 39396 223 24 be be VB 39396 223 25 concealed conceal VBN 39396 223 26 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 39396 223 27 . . . 39396 224 1 Woods Woods NNP 39396 224 2 , , , 39396 224 3 rocky rocky JJ 39396 224 4 outcroppings outcropping NNS 39396 224 5 and and CC 39396 224 6 bare bare JJ 39396 224 7 ground ground NN 39396 224 8 were be VBD 39396 224 9 not not RB 39396 224 10 used use VBN 39396 224 11 regularly regularly RB 39396 224 12 by by IN 39396 224 13 voles vole NNS 39396 224 14 . . . 39396 225 1 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 225 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 225 3 1953 1953 CD 39396 225 4 , , , 39396 225 5 _ _ NNP 39396 225 6 in in IN 39396 225 7 litt litt NNP 39396 225 8 . . . 39396 225 9 _ _ NNP 39396 225 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 225 11 has have VBZ 39396 225 12 taken take VBN 39396 225 13 several several JJ 39396 225 14 _ _ NNP 39396 225 15 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 225 16 _ _ NNP 39396 225 17 in in IN 39396 225 18 reptile reptile JJ 39396 225 19 traps trap NNS 39396 225 20 set set VBN 39396 225 21 along along IN 39396 225 22 a a DT 39396 225 23 rocky rocky JJ 39396 225 24 ledge ledge NN 39396 225 25 in in IN 39396 225 26 woods wood NNS 39396 225 27 but but CC 39396 225 28 most most JJS 39396 225 29 of of IN 39396 225 30 these these DT 39396 225 31 voles vole NNS 39396 225 32 were be VBD 39396 225 33 subadult subadult NN 39396 225 34 males male NNS 39396 225 35 and and CC 39396 225 36 seemed seem VBD 39396 225 37 to to TO 39396 225 38 be be VB 39396 225 39 transients transient NNS 39396 225 40 . . . 39396 226 1 Fields field NNS 39396 226 2 in in IN 39396 226 3 the the DT 39396 226 4 early early JJ 39396 226 5 stages stage NNS 39396 226 6 of of IN 39396 226 7 succession succession NN 39396 226 8 also also RB 39396 226 9 failed fail VBD 39396 226 10 to to TO 39396 226 11 support support VB 39396 226 12 a a DT 39396 226 13 population population NN 39396 226 14 of of IN 39396 226 15 voles vole NNS 39396 226 16 . . . 39396 227 1 Such such JJ 39396 227 2 areas area NNS 39396 227 3 on on IN 39396 227 4 the the DT 39396 227 5 Reservation reservation NN 39396 227 6 were be VBD 39396 227 7 characterized characterize VBN 39396 227 8 by by IN 39396 227 9 giant giant JJ 39396 227 10 ragweed ragweed NN 39396 227 11 , , , 39396 227 12 horse horse NN 39396 227 13 weed weed NN 39396 227 14 , , , 39396 227 15 thistles thistle NNS 39396 227 16 and and CC 39396 227 17 other other JJ 39396 227 18 coarse coarse JJ 39396 227 19 weeds weed NNS 39396 227 20 . . . 39396 228 1 Basal Basal NNP 39396 228 2 cover cover NN 39396 228 3 was be VBD 39396 228 4 low low JJ 39396 228 5 and and CC 39396 228 6 debris debris NN 39396 228 7 scanty scanty NN 39396 228 8 . . . 39396 229 1 Not not RB 39396 229 2 until until IN 39396 229 3 an an DT 39396 229 4 understory understory NN 39396 229 5 of of IN 39396 229 6 grasses grass NNS 39396 229 7 was be VBD 39396 229 8 established establish VBN 39396 229 9 did do VBD 39396 229 10 a a DT 39396 229 11 population population NN 39396 229 12 of of IN 39396 229 13 voles vole NNS 39396 229 14 appear appear VBP 39396 229 15 on on IN 39396 229 16 such such JJ 39396 229 17 areas area NNS 39396 229 18 . . . 39396 230 1 The the DT 39396 230 2 coarse coarse JJ 39396 230 3 weeds weed NNS 39396 230 4 seemed seem VBD 39396 230 5 to to TO 39396 230 6 provide provide VB 39396 230 7 neither neither CC 39396 230 8 food food NN 39396 230 9 nor nor CC 39396 230 10 cover cover VB 39396 230 11 adequate adequate JJ 39396 230 12 for for IN 39396 230 13 the the DT 39396 230 14 needs need NNS 39396 230 15 of of IN 39396 230 16 the the DT 39396 230 17 voles vole NNS 39396 230 18 . . . 39396 231 1 An an DT 39396 231 2 analysis analysis NN 39396 231 3 of of IN 39396 231 4 trapping trap VBG 39396 231 5 success success NN 39396 231 6 at at IN 39396 231 7 each each DT 39396 231 8 station station NN 39396 231 9 in in IN 39396 231 10 House House NNP 39396 231 11 Field Field NNP 39396 231 12 further further RB 39396 231 13 clarified clarify VBN 39396 231 14 habitat habitat NN 39396 231 15 preferences preference NNS 39396 231 16 . . . 39396 232 1 The the DT 39396 232 2 tendency tendency NN 39396 232 3 of of IN 39396 232 4 voles vole NNS 39396 232 5 to to TO 39396 232 6 avoid avoid VB 39396 232 7 woody woody NN 39396 232 8 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 232 9 was be VBD 39396 232 10 again again RB 39396 232 11 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 39396 232 12 . . . 39396 233 1 Not not RB 39396 233 2 only only RB 39396 233 3 was be VBD 39396 233 4 the the DT 39396 233 5 population population NN 39396 233 6 concentrated concentrate VBN 39396 233 7 on on IN 39396 233 8 that that DT 39396 233 9 part part NN 39396 233 10 of of IN 39396 233 11 the the DT 39396 233 12 study study NN 39396 233 13 plot plot NN 39396 233 14 farthest farthest NN 39396 233 15 from from IN 39396 233 16 the the DT 39396 233 17 forest forest NN 39396 233 18 edge edge NN 39396 233 19 but but CC 39396 233 20 , , , 39396 233 21 as as IN 39396 233 22 a a DT 39396 233 23 general general JJ 39396 233 24 rule rule NN 39396 233 25 , , , 39396 233 26 voles voles NNP 39396 233 27 tended tend VBD 39396 233 28 to to TO 39396 233 29 avoid avoid VB 39396 233 30 single single JJ 39396 233 31 trees tree NNS 39396 233 32 or or CC 39396 233 33 clumps clump NNS 39396 233 34 of of IN 39396 233 35 shrubby shrubby NN 39396 233 36 plants plant NNS 39396 233 37 wherever wherever WRB 39396 233 38 these these DT 39396 233 39 occurred occur VBD 39396 233 40 on on IN 39396 233 41 the the DT 39396 233 42 area area NN 39396 233 43 . . . 39396 234 1 As as IN 39396 234 2 an an DT 39396 234 3 example example NN 39396 234 4 , , , 39396 234 5 trap trap NN 39396 234 6 number number NN 39396 234 7 18 18 CD 39396 234 8 never never RB 39396 234 9 caught catch VBN 39396 234 10 more more JJR 39396 234 11 than than IN 39396 234 12 one one CD 39396 234 13 per per IN 39396 234 14 cent cent NN 39396 234 15 of of IN 39396 234 16 the the DT 39396 234 17 monthly monthly JJ 39396 234 18 catch catch NN 39396 234 19 and and CC 39396 234 20 in in IN 39396 234 21 many many JJ 39396 234 22 trapping trapping NN 39396 234 23 periods period NNS 39396 234 24 caught catch VBD 39396 234 25 nothing nothing NN 39396 234 26 . . . 39396 235 1 This this DT 39396 235 2 trap trap NN 39396 235 3 was be VBD 39396 235 4 under under IN 39396 235 5 a a DT 39396 235 6 wild wild JJ 39396 235 7 plum plum NN 39396 235 8 tree tree NN 39396 235 9 . . . 39396 236 1 Adjacent adjacent JJ 39396 236 2 traps trap NNS 39396 236 3 often often RB 39396 236 4 were be VBD 39396 236 5 entered enter VBN 39396 236 6 ; ; : 39396 236 7 the the DT 39396 236 8 general general JJ 39396 236 9 area area NN 39396 236 10 was be VBD 39396 236 11 the the DT 39396 236 12 most most RBS 39396 236 13 heavily heavily RB 39396 236 14 populated populated JJ 39396 236 15 part part NN 39396 236 16 of of IN 39396 236 17 the the DT 39396 236 18 study study NN 39396 236 19 plot plot NN 39396 236 20 . . . 39396 237 1 Only only RB 39396 237 2 under under IN 39396 237 3 the the DT 39396 237 4 plum plum NN 39396 237 5 tree tree NN 39396 237 6 was be VBD 39396 237 7 there there RB 39396 237 8 a a DT 39396 237 9 relatively relatively RB 39396 237 10 unused unused JJ 39396 237 11 portion portion NN 39396 237 12 . . . 39396 238 1 Traps trap NNS 39396 238 2 number number NN 39396 238 3 29 29 CD 39396 238 4 and and CC 39396 238 5 30 30 CD 39396 238 6 , , , 39396 238 7 in in IN 39396 238 8 the the DT 39396 238 9 shade shade NN 39396 238 10 of of IN 39396 238 11 a a DT 39396 238 12 large large JJ 39396 238 13 honey honey NN 39396 238 14 locust locust NN 39396 238 15 tree tree NN 39396 238 16 , , , 39396 238 17 also also RB 39396 238 18 caught catch VBN 39396 238 19 but but CC 39396 238 20 few few JJ 39396 238 21 voles vole NNS 39396 238 22 . . . 39396 239 1 Trap trap NN 39396 239 2 number number NN 39396 239 3 30 30 CD 39396 239 4 was be VBD 39396 239 5 only only RB 39396 239 6 six six CD 39396 239 7 feet foot NNS 39396 239 8 from from IN 39396 239 9 the the DT 39396 239 10 base base NN 39396 239 11 of of IN 39396 239 12 the the DT 39396 239 13 tree tree NN 39396 239 14 and and CC 39396 239 15 caught catch VBN 39396 239 16 but but CC 39396 239 17 one one CD 39396 239 18 vole vole NN 39396 239 19 throughout throughout IN 39396 239 20 the the DT 39396 239 21 study study NN 39396 239 22 period period NN 39396 239 23 . . . 39396 240 1 These these DT 39396 240 2 two two CD 39396 240 3 traps trap NNS 39396 240 4 caught catch VBD 39396 240 5 more more JJR 39396 240 6 _ _ NNP 39396 240 7 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 39396 240 8 leucopus leucopus NNP 39396 240 9 _ _ XX 39396 240 10 than than IN 39396 240 11 any any DT 39396 240 12 other other JJ 39396 240 13 pair pair NN 39396 240 14 , , , 39396 240 15 however however RB 39396 240 16 , , , 39396 240 17 and and CC 39396 240 18 both both DT 39396 240 19 of of IN 39396 240 20 them -PRON- PRP 39396 240 21 also also RB 39396 240 22 caught catch VBD 39396 240 23 pine pine JJ 39396 240 24 voles voles NNP 39396 240 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 240 26 _ _ NNP 39396 240 27 M. M. NNP 39396 241 1 pinetorum pinetorum NNP 39396 241 2 _ _ NNP 39396 241 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 241 4 . . . 39396 242 1 The the DT 39396 242 2 area area NN 39396 242 3 shaded shade VBN 39396 242 4 by by IN 39396 242 5 this this DT 39396 242 6 tree tree NN 39396 242 7 permitted permit VBD 39396 242 8 an an DT 39396 242 9 extension extension NN 39396 242 10 of of IN 39396 242 11 parts part NNS 39396 242 12 of of IN 39396 242 13 the the DT 39396 242 14 forest forest NN 39396 242 15 edge edge NN 39396 242 16 fauna fauna NNS 39396 242 17 into into IN 39396 242 18 the the DT 39396 242 19 grassland grassland NN 39396 242 20 . . . 39396 243 1 In in IN 39396 243 2 spite spite NN 39396 243 3 of of IN 39396 243 4 the the DT 39396 243 5 marked marked JJ 39396 243 6 general general JJ 39396 243 7 tendency tendency NN 39396 243 8 to to TO 39396 243 9 avoid avoid VB 39396 243 10 woody woody NN 39396 243 11 plants plant NNS 39396 243 12 , , , 39396 243 13 some some DT 39396 243 14 voles vole NNS 39396 243 15 made make VBD 39396 243 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 243 17 runways runway NNS 39396 243 18 around around IN 39396 243 19 the the DT 39396 243 20 roots root NNS 39396 243 21 of of IN 39396 243 22 blackberry blackberry NN 39396 243 23 bushes bush NNS 39396 243 24 , , , 39396 243 25 sumac sumac NN 39396 243 26 and and CC 39396 243 27 wild wild JJ 39396 243 28 plum plum NN 39396 243 29 trees tree NNS 39396 243 30 . . . 39396 244 1 Some some DT 39396 244 2 nests nest NNS 39396 244 3 were be VBD 39396 244 4 found find VBN 39396 244 5 under under IN 39396 244 6 larger large JJR 39396 244 7 roots root NNS 39396 244 8 , , , 39396 244 9 as as IN 39396 244 10 if if IN 39396 244 11 placed place VBN 39396 244 12 there there RB 39396 244 13 for for IN 39396 244 14 protection protection NN 39396 244 15 . . . 39396 245 1 More More JJR 39396 245 2 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 245 3 was be VBD 39396 245 4 found find VBN 39396 245 5 under under IN 39396 245 6 the the DT 39396 245 7 woody woody NN 39396 245 8 plants plant NNS 39396 245 9 which which WDT 39396 245 10 the the DT 39396 245 11 voles vole NNS 39396 245 12 chose choose VBD 39396 245 13 to to TO 39396 245 14 use use VB 39396 245 15 for for IN 39396 245 16 shelter shelter NN 39396 245 17 than than IN 39396 245 18 under under IN 39396 245 19 those those DT 39396 245 20 which which WDT 39396 245 21 they -PRON- PRP 39396 245 22 avoided avoid VBD 39396 245 23 . . . 39396 246 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 246 2 seemed seem VBD 39396 246 3 probable probable JJ 39396 246 4 that that IN 39396 246 5 the the DT 39396 246 6 actual actual JJ 39396 246 7 condition condition NN 39396 246 8 avoided avoid VBN 39396 246 9 by by IN 39396 246 10 voles vole NNS 39396 246 11 was be VBD 39396 246 12 the the DT 39396 246 13 bareness bareness NN 39396 246 14 of of IN 39396 246 15 the the DT 39396 246 16 ground ground NN 39396 246 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 246 18 a a DT 39396 246 19 result result NN 39396 246 20 of of IN 39396 246 21 the the DT 39396 246 22 shade shade NN 39396 246 23 cast cast VBN 39396 246 24 by by IN 39396 246 25 the the DT 39396 246 26 woody woody NN 39396 246 27 plants plant NNS 39396 246 28 ) ) -RRB- 39396 246 29 rather rather RB 39396 246 30 than than IN 39396 246 31 the the DT 39396 246 32 woody woody NN 39396 246 33 plants plant VBZ 39396 246 34 themselves -PRON- PRP 39396 246 35 . . . 39396 247 1 Running run VBG 39396 247 2 diagonally diagonally RB 39396 247 3 across across IN 39396 247 4 the the DT 39396 247 5 eastern eastern JJ 39396 247 6 half half NN 39396 247 7 of of IN 39396 247 8 the the DT 39396 247 9 trapping trap VBG 39396 247 10 plot plot NN 39396 247 11 in in IN 39396 247 12 House House NNP 39396 247 13 Field Field NNP 39396 247 14 there there EX 39396 247 15 was be VBD 39396 247 16 a a DT 39396 247 17 terracelike terracelike JJ 39396 247 18 ridge ridge NN 39396 247 19 of of IN 39396 247 20 soil soil NN 39396 247 21 . . . 39396 248 1 On on IN 39396 248 2 each each DT 39396 248 3 side side NN 39396 248 4 of of IN 39396 248 5 this this DT 39396 248 6 ridge ridge NN 39396 248 7 there there EX 39396 248 8 was be VBD 39396 248 9 a a DT 39396 248 10 slight slight JJ 39396 248 11 depression depression NN 39396 248 12 . . . 39396 249 1 Observations observation NNS 39396 249 2 of of IN 39396 249 3 the the DT 39396 249 4 study study NN 39396 249 5 plot plot NN 39396 249 6 in in IN 39396 249 7 the the DT 39396 249 8 growing grow VBG 39396 249 9 season season NN 39396 249 10 showed show VBD 39396 249 11 this this DT 39396 249 12 strip strip NN 39396 249 13 to to TO 39396 249 14 produce produce VB 39396 249 15 the the DT 39396 249 16 most most RBS 39396 249 17 luxuriant luxuriant JJ 39396 249 18 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 249 19 of of IN 39396 249 20 any any DT 39396 249 21 part part NN 39396 249 22 of of IN 39396 249 23 the the DT 39396 249 24 plot plot NN 39396 249 25 . . . 39396 250 1 Clip Clip NNP 39396 250 2 - - HYPH 39396 250 3 quadrat quadrat NNP 39396 250 4 studies study NNS 39396 250 5 confirmed confirm VBD 39396 250 6 this this DT 39396 250 7 observation observation NN 39396 250 8 and and CC 39396 250 9 showed show VBD 39396 250 10 the the DT 39396 250 11 bluegrass bluegrass NN 39396 250 12 understory understory NN 39396 250 13 to to TO 39396 250 14 be be VB 39396 250 15 especially especially RB 39396 250 16 heavy heavy JJ 39396 250 17 . . . 39396 251 1 This this DT 39396 251 2 strip strip NN 39396 251 3 included include VBD 39396 251 4 the the DT 39396 251 5 areas area NNS 39396 251 6 trapped trap VBN 39396 251 7 by by IN 39396 251 8 traps trap NNS 39396 251 9 numbered number VBD 39396 251 10 4 4 CD 39396 251 11 , , , 39396 251 12 5 5 CD 39396 251 13 , , , 39396 251 14 17 17 CD 39396 251 15 , , , 39396 251 16 18 18 CD 39396 251 17 , , , 39396 251 18 22 22 CD 39396 251 19 , , , 39396 251 20 23 23 CD 39396 251 21 and and CC 39396 251 22 37 37 CD 39396 251 23 . . . 39396 252 1 With with IN 39396 252 2 the the DT 39396 252 3 exception exception NN 39396 252 4 of of IN 39396 252 5 trap trap NN 39396 252 6 number number NN 39396 252 7 18 18 CD 39396 252 8 , , , 39396 252 9 discussed discuss VBN 39396 252 10 above above RB 39396 252 11 , , , 39396 252 12 these these DT 39396 252 13 traps trap NNS 39396 252 14 consistently consistently RB 39396 252 15 made make VBD 39396 252 16 more more JJR 39396 252 17 captures capture NNS 39396 252 18 than than IN 39396 252 19 traps trap NNS 39396 252 20 set set VBN 39396 252 21 in in IN 39396 252 22 other other JJ 39396 252 23 parts part NNS 39396 252 24 of of IN 39396 252 25 the the DT 39396 252 26 plot plot NN 39396 252 27 . . . 39396 253 1 In in IN 39396 253 2 winter winter NN 39396 253 3 , , , 39396 253 4 these these DT 39396 253 5 traps trap NNS 39396 253 6 also also RB 39396 253 7 caught catch VBD 39396 253 8 more more JJR 39396 253 9 harvest harvest NN 39396 253 10 mice mouse NNS 39396 253 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 253 12 _ _ NNP 39396 253 13 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 39396 253 14 megalotis megalotis JJ 39396 253 15 _ _ NNP 39396 253 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 253 17 than than IN 39396 253 18 any any DT 39396 253 19 other other JJ 39396 253 20 comparable comparable JJ 39396 253 21 group group NN 39396 253 22 of of IN 39396 253 23 traps trap NNS 39396 253 24 . . . 39396 254 1 Although although IN 39396 254 2 the the DT 39396 254 3 amount amount NN 39396 254 4 of of IN 39396 254 5 growing grow VBG 39396 254 6 tissue tissue NN 39396 254 7 of of IN 39396 254 8 plants plant NNS 39396 254 9 probably probably RB 39396 254 10 is be VBZ 39396 254 11 at at IN 39396 254 12 least least JJS 39396 254 13 as as IN 39396 254 14 important important JJ 39396 254 15 to to IN 39396 254 16 voles vole NNS 39396 254 17 as as IN 39396 254 18 the the DT 39396 254 19 total total JJ 39396 254 20 amount amount NN 39396 254 21 of of IN 39396 254 22 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 254 23 , , , 39396 254 24 some some DT 39396 254 25 correlation correlation NN 39396 254 26 seemed seem VBD 39396 254 27 to to TO 39396 254 28 exist exist VB 39396 254 29 between between IN 39396 254 30 the the DT 39396 254 31 density density NN 39396 254 32 of of IN 39396 254 33 grassy grassy JJ 39396 254 34 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 254 35 and and CC 39396 254 36 the the DT 39396 254 37 density density NN 39396 254 38 of of IN 39396 254 39 populations population NNS 39396 254 40 of of IN 39396 254 41 voles vole NNS 39396 254 42 . . . 39396 255 1 A a DT 39396 255 2 mixed mixed JJ 39396 255 3 stand stand NN 39396 255 4 of of IN 39396 255 5 grasses grass NNS 39396 255 6 , , , 39396 255 7 with with IN 39396 255 8 an an DT 39396 255 9 obvious obvious JJ 39396 255 10 weedy weedy NN 39396 255 11 component component NN 39396 255 12 , , , 39396 255 13 can can MD 39396 255 14 support support VB 39396 255 15 a a DT 39396 255 16 larger large JJR 39396 255 17 population population NN 39396 255 18 of of IN 39396 255 19 voles vole NNS 39396 255 20 than than IN 39396 255 21 can can MD 39396 255 22 either either CC 39396 255 23 a a DT 39396 255 24 nearly nearly RB 39396 255 25 pure pure JJ 39396 255 26 stand stand NN 39396 255 27 of of IN 39396 255 28 grass grass NN 39396 255 29 or or CC 39396 255 30 the the DT 39396 255 31 typical typical JJ 39396 255 32 early early JJ 39396 255 33 seral seral JJ 39396 255 34 stages stage NNS 39396 255 35 dominated dominate VBN 39396 255 36 by by IN 39396 255 37 weeds weed NNS 39396 255 38 . . . 39396 256 1 Probably probably RB 39396 256 2 the the DT 39396 256 3 more more RBR 39396 256 4 or or CC 39396 256 5 less less RBR 39396 256 6 continual continual JJ 39396 256 7 supply supply NN 39396 256 8 of of IN 39396 256 9 young young JJ 39396 256 10 plants plant NNS 39396 256 11 provided provide VBD 39396 256 12 preferred preferred JJ 39396 256 13 food food NN 39396 256 14 easily easily RB 39396 256 15 available available JJ 39396 256 16 to to IN 39396 256 17 voles vole NNS 39396 256 18 . . . 39396 257 1 A a DT 39396 257 2 more more RBR 39396 257 3 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 39396 257 4 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 257 5 would would MD 39396 257 6 tend tend VB 39396 257 7 to to TO 39396 257 8 pass pass VB 39396 257 9 through through RP 39396 257 10 the the DT 39396 257 11 young young JJ 39396 257 12 and and CC 39396 257 13 tender tender JJ 39396 257 14 stage stage NN 39396 257 15 as as IN 39396 257 16 a a DT 39396 257 17 unit unit NN 39396 257 18 , , , 39396 257 19 thus thus RB 39396 257 20 causing cause VBG 39396 257 21 a a DT 39396 257 22 feast feast NN 39396 257 23 to to TO 39396 257 24 be be VB 39396 257 25 followed follow VBN 39396 257 26 by by IN 39396 257 27 a a DT 39396 257 28 relative relative JJ 39396 257 29 famine famine NN 39396 257 30 . . . 39396 258 1 POPULATION population NN 39396 258 2 STRUCTURE structure NN 39396 258 3 During during IN 39396 258 4 the the DT 39396 258 5 period period NN 39396 258 6 of of IN 39396 258 7 study study NN 39396 258 8 the the DT 39396 258 9 percentage percentage NN 39396 258 10 of of IN 39396 258 11 males male NNS 39396 258 12 in in IN 39396 258 13 most most JJS 39396 258 14 of of IN 39396 258 15 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 258 16 samples sample NNS 39396 258 17 was be VBD 39396 258 18 less less JJR 39396 258 19 than than IN 39396 258 20 50 50 CD 39396 258 21 per per NN 39396 258 22 cent cent NN 39396 258 23 ( ( -LRB- 39396 258 24 Fig fig NN 39396 258 25 . . . 39396 259 1 2 2 LS 39396 259 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 259 3 . . . 39396 260 1 Only only RB 39396 260 2 once once RB 39396 260 3 , , , 39396 260 4 in in IN 39396 260 5 June June NNP 39396 260 6 , , , 39396 260 7 1952 1952 CD 39396 260 8 , , , 39396 260 9 did do VBD 39396 260 10 the the DT 39396 260 11 mean mean JJ 39396 260 12 percentage percentage NN 39396 260 13 of of IN 39396 260 14 males male NNS 39396 260 15 in in IN 39396 260 16 samples sample NNS 39396 260 17 from from IN 39396 260 18 three three CD 39396 260 19 areas area NNS 39396 260 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 260 21 House House NNP 39396 260 22 Field Field NNP 39396 260 23 , , , 39396 260 24 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 260 25 Field Field NNP 39396 260 26 , , , 39396 260 27 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 260 28 traps trap NNS 39396 260 29 ) ) -RRB- 39396 260 30 exceed exceed VBP 39396 260 31 that that DT 39396 260 32 level level NN 39396 260 33 and and CC 39396 260 34 then then RB 39396 260 35 it -PRON- PRP 39396 260 36 was be VBD 39396 260 37 only only RB 39396 260 38 50.1 50.1 CD 39396 260 39 per per IN 39396 260 40 cent cent NN 39396 260 41 . . . 39396 261 1 On on IN 39396 261 2 several several JJ 39396 261 3 occasions occasion NNS 39396 261 4 , , , 39396 261 5 however however RB 39396 261 6 , , , 39396 261 7 the the DT 39396 261 8 percentage percentage NN 39396 261 9 of of IN 39396 261 10 males male NNS 39396 261 11 in in IN 39396 261 12 a a DT 39396 261 13 sample sample NN 39396 261 14 from from IN 39396 261 15 a a DT 39396 261 16 single single JJ 39396 261 17 area area NN 39396 261 18 was be VBD 39396 261 19 slightly slightly RB 39396 261 20 above above IN 39396 261 21 50 50 CD 39396 261 22 per per NN 39396 261 23 cent cent NN 39396 261 24 . . . 39396 262 1 The the DT 39396 262 2 highest high JJS 39396 262 3 percentage percentage NN 39396 262 4 of of IN 39396 262 5 males male NNS 39396 262 6 recorded record VBN 39396 262 7 was be VBD 39396 262 8 56.69 56.69 CD 39396 262 9 per per IN 39396 262 10 cent cent NN 39396 262 11 , , , 39396 262 12 in in IN 39396 262 13 a a DT 39396 262 14 sample sample NN 39396 262 15 taken take VBN 39396 262 16 from from IN 39396 262 17 the the DT 39396 262 18 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 262 19 Field Field NNP 39396 262 20 population population NN 39396 262 21 in in IN 39396 262 22 June June NNP 39396 262 23 , , , 39396 262 24 1952 1952 CD 39396 262 25 . . . 39396 263 1 In in IN 39396 263 2 the the DT 39396 263 3 samples sample NNS 39396 263 4 taken take VBN 39396 263 5 in in IN 39396 263 6 April April NNP 39396 263 7 , , , 39396 263 8 1952 1952 CD 39396 263 9 , , , 39396 263 10 the the DT 39396 263 11 mean mean JJ 39396 263 12 percentage percentage NN 39396 263 13 of of IN 39396 263 14 males male NNS 39396 263 15 was be VBD 39396 263 16 39.67 39.67 CD 39396 263 17 per per NN 39396 263 18 cent cent NN 39396 263 19 , , , 39396 263 20 the the DT 39396 263 21 lowest low JJS 39396 263 22 mean mean NN 39396 263 23 recorded record VBN 39396 263 24 . . . 39396 264 1 The the DT 39396 264 2 low low JJ 39396 264 3 point point NN 39396 264 4 for for IN 39396 264 5 one one CD 39396 264 6 sample sample NN 39396 264 7 was be VBD 39396 264 8 28.02 28.02 CD 39396 264 9 per per NN 39396 264 10 cent cent NN 39396 264 11 in in IN 39396 264 12 August August NNP 39396 264 13 , , , 39396 264 14 1952 1952 CD 39396 264 15 , , , 39396 264 16 from from IN 39396 264 17 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 264 18 Field Field NNP 39396 264 19 . . . 39396 265 1 The the DT 39396 265 2 mean mean JJ 39396 265 3 percentage percentage NN 39396 265 4 of of IN 39396 265 5 males male NNS 39396 265 6 in in IN 39396 265 7 all all DT 39396 265 8 samples sample NNS 39396 265 9 taken take VBN 39396 265 10 was be VBD 39396 265 11 45.02 45.02 CD 39396 265 12 ± ± CD 39396 265 13 2.72 2.72 CD 39396 265 14 per per IN 39396 265 15 cent cent NN 39396 265 16 . . . 39396 266 1 Percentages percentage NNS 39396 266 2 observed observe VBN 39396 266 3 would would MD 39396 266 4 occur occur VB 39396 266 5 in in IN 39396 266 6 random random JJ 39396 266 7 samples sample NNS 39396 266 8 taken take VBN 39396 266 9 from from IN 39396 266 10 a a DT 39396 266 11 population population NN 39396 266 12 with with IN 39396 266 13 50 50 CD 39396 266 14 per per NN 39396 266 15 cent cent NN 39396 266 16 males male NNS 39396 266 17 less less JJR 39396 266 18 than than IN 39396 266 19 one one CD 39396 266 20 per per IN 39396 266 21 cent cent NN 39396 266 22 of of IN 39396 266 23 the the DT 39396 266 24 time time NN 39396 266 25 . . . 39396 267 1 Exactly exactly RB 39396 267 2 50 50 CD 39396 267 3 per per IN 39396 267 4 cent cent NN 39396 267 5 of of IN 39396 267 6 the the DT 39396 267 7 young young JJ 39396 267 8 in in IN 39396 267 9 the the DT 39396 267 10 65 65 CD 39396 267 11 litters litter NNS 39396 267 12 examined examine VBN 39396 267 13 were be VBD 39396 267 14 classified classify VBN 39396 267 15 as as IN 39396 267 16 males male NNS 39396 267 17 but but CC 39396 267 18 the the DT 39396 267 19 sample sample NN 39396 267 20 was be VBD 39396 267 21 small small JJ 39396 267 22 and and CC 39396 267 23 the the DT 39396 267 24 sexing sexing NN 39396 267 25 of of IN 39396 267 26 newborn newborn JJ 39396 267 27 individuals individual NNS 39396 267 28 was be VBD 39396 267 29 difficult difficult JJ 39396 267 30 . . . 39396 268 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 268 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 268 3 : : : 39396 268 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 268 5 . . . 39396 269 1 2 2 LS 39396 269 2 . . . 39396 270 1 Graphs graphs NN 39396 270 2 of of IN 39396 270 3 population population NN 39396 270 4 structure structure NN 39396 270 5 showing show VBG 39396 270 6 the the DT 39396 270 7 monthly monthly JJ 39396 270 8 changes change NNS 39396 270 9 in in IN 39396 270 10 the the DT 39396 270 11 mean mean JJ 39396 270 12 percentages percentage NNS 39396 270 13 of of IN 39396 270 14 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 270 15 , , , 39396 270 16 subadults subadult NNS 39396 270 17 , , , 39396 270 18 adults adult NNS 39396 270 19 and and CC 39396 270 20 males male NNS 39396 270 21 in in IN 39396 270 22 samples sample NNS 39396 270 23 from from IN 39396 270 24 the the DT 39396 270 25 three three CD 39396 270 26 study study NN 39396 270 27 areas area NNS 39396 270 28 . . . 39396 270 29 ] ] -RRB- 39396 271 1 The the DT 39396 271 2 extent extent NN 39396 271 3 to to TO 39396 271 4 which which WDT 39396 271 5 sex sex NN 39396 271 6 ratios ratio NNS 39396 271 7 in in IN 39396 271 8 samples sample NNS 39396 271 9 were be VBD 39396 271 10 affected affect VBN 39396 271 11 by by IN 39396 271 12 trapping trap VBG 39396 271 13 procedure procedure NN 39396 271 14 was be VBD 39396 271 15 not not RB 39396 271 16 determined determine VBN 39396 271 17 . . . 39396 272 1 A a DT 39396 272 2 possibility possibility NN 39396 272 3 considered consider VBN 39396 272 4 was be VBD 39396 272 5 that that IN 39396 272 6 the the DT 39396 272 7 greater great JJR 39396 272 8 wandering wandering NN 39396 272 9 tendency tendency NN 39396 272 10 of of IN 39396 272 11 males male NNS 39396 272 12 ( ( -LRB- 39396 272 13 Blair Blair NNP 39396 272 14 , , , 39396 272 15 1940:154 1940:154 CD 39396 272 16 ; ; : 39396 272 17 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 272 18 , , , 39396 272 19 1937c:261 1937c:261 CD 39396 272 20 ; ; : 39396 272 21 Townsend Townsend NNP 39396 272 22 , , , 39396 272 23 1935:98 1935:98 CD 39396 272 24 ) ) -RRB- 39396 272 25 impaired impair VBD 39396 272 26 the the DT 39396 272 27 formation formation NN 39396 272 28 of of IN 39396 272 29 trap trap NN 39396 272 30 habits habit NNS 39396 272 31 ( ( -LRB- 39396 272 32 Chitty Chitty NNP 39396 272 33 and and CC 39396 272 34 Kempson Kempson NNP 39396 272 35 , , , 39396 272 36 1949:536 1949:536 CD 39396 272 37 ) ) -RRB- 39396 272 38 on on IN 39396 272 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 272 40 part part NN 39396 272 41 and and CC 39396 272 42 thus thus RB 39396 272 43 unbalanced unbalanced JJ 39396 272 44 the the DT 39396 272 45 sex sex NN 39396 272 46 ratios ratio NNS 39396 272 47 of of IN 39396 272 48 the the DT 39396 272 49 samples sample NNS 39396 272 50 . . . 39396 273 1 If if IN 39396 273 2 this this DT 39396 273 3 were be VBD 39396 273 4 the the DT 39396 273 5 explanation explanation NN 39396 273 6 , , , 39396 273 7 the the DT 39396 273 8 apparent apparent JJ 39396 273 9 sex sex NN 39396 273 10 ratio ratio NN 39396 273 11 on on IN 39396 273 12 larger large JJR 39396 273 13 areas area NNS 39396 273 14 would would MD 39396 273 15 more more RBR 39396 273 16 nearly nearly RB 39396 273 17 approximate approximate JJ 39396 273 18 the the DT 39396 273 19 true true JJ 39396 273 20 ratio ratio NN 39396 273 21 , , , 39396 273 22 and and CC 39396 273 23 the the DT 39396 273 24 frequency frequency NN 39396 273 25 of of IN 39396 273 26 capture capture NN 39396 273 27 of of IN 39396 273 28 females female NNS 39396 273 29 would would MD 39396 273 30 exceed exceed VB 39396 273 31 that that DT 39396 273 32 of of IN 39396 273 33 males male NNS 39396 273 34 . . . 39396 274 1 The the DT 39396 274 2 evidence evidence NN 39396 274 3 is be VBZ 39396 274 4 somewhat somewhat RB 39396 274 5 equivocal equivocal JJ 39396 274 6 . . . 39396 275 1 In in IN 39396 275 2 the the DT 39396 275 3 populations population NNS 39396 275 4 described describe VBN 39396 275 5 here here RB 39396 275 6 the the DT 39396 275 7 mean mean JJ 39396 275 8 number number NN 39396 275 9 of of IN 39396 275 10 captures capture NNS 39396 275 11 per per IN 39396 275 12 individual individual NN 39396 275 13 per per IN 39396 275 14 month month NN 39396 275 15 was be VBD 39396 275 16 2.31 2.31 CD 39396 275 17 for for IN 39396 275 18 females female NNS 39396 275 19 , , , 39396 275 20 which which WDT 39396 275 21 was be VBD 39396 275 22 significantly significantly RB 39396 275 23 greater great JJR 39396 275 24 ( ( -LRB- 39396 275 25 at at IN 39396 275 26 the the DT 39396 275 27 one one CD 39396 275 28 per per IN 39396 275 29 cent cent NN 39396 275 30 level level NN 39396 275 31 ) ) -RRB- 39396 275 32 than than IN 39396 275 33 the the DT 39396 275 34 2.20 2.20 CD 39396 275 35 captures capture NNS 39396 275 36 per per IN 39396 275 37 individual individual NN 39396 275 38 per per IN 39396 275 39 month month NN 39396 275 40 which which WDT 39396 275 41 was be VBD 39396 275 42 the the DT 39396 275 43 mean mean JJ 39396 275 44 number number NN 39396 275 45 for for IN 39396 275 46 males male NNS 39396 275 47 . . . 39396 276 1 This this DT 39396 276 2 difference difference NN 39396 276 3 supports support VBZ 39396 276 4 the the DT 39396 276 5 idea idea NN 39396 276 6 that that IN 39396 276 7 differences difference NNS 39396 276 8 in in IN 39396 276 9 habits habit NNS 39396 276 10 between between IN 39396 276 11 the the DT 39396 276 12 sexes sex NNS 39396 276 13 result result VBP 39396 276 14 in in IN 39396 276 15 distorted distorted JJ 39396 276 16 sex sex NN 39396 276 17 ratios ratio NNS 39396 276 18 in in IN 39396 276 19 samples sample NNS 39396 276 20 obtained obtain VBN 39396 276 21 by by IN 39396 276 22 live live NN 39396 276 23 - - HYPH 39396 276 24 trapping trapping NN 39396 276 25 . . . 39396 277 1 Mean mean JJ 39396 277 2 percentages percentage NNS 39396 277 3 of of IN 39396 277 4 males male NNS 39396 277 5 did do VBD 39396 277 6 not not RB 39396 277 7 , , , 39396 277 8 however however RB 39396 277 9 , , , 39396 277 10 differ differ VBP 39396 277 11 significantly significantly RB 39396 277 12 between between IN 39396 277 13 the the DT 39396 277 14 House House NNP 39396 277 15 Field Field NNP 39396 277 16 - - HYPH 39396 277 17 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 277 18 Field Field NNP 39396 277 19 samples sample NNS 39396 277 20 and and CC 39396 277 21 the the DT 39396 277 22 samples sample NNS 39396 277 23 from from IN 39396 277 24 the the DT 39396 277 25 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 277 26 trapping trapping NN 39396 277 27 area area NN 39396 277 28 , , , 39396 277 29 nearly nearly RB 39396 277 30 five five CD 39396 277 31 times time NNS 39396 277 32 as as IN 39396 277 33 large large JJ 39396 277 34 . . . 39396 278 1 Three three CD 39396 278 2 age age NN 39396 278 3 classes class NNS 39396 278 4 , , , 39396 278 5 juvenal juvenal JJ 39396 278 6 , , , 39396 278 7 subadult subadult NN 39396 278 8 and and CC 39396 278 9 adult adult NN 39396 278 10 , , , 39396 278 11 were be VBD 39396 278 12 separated separate VBN 39396 278 13 on on IN 39396 278 14 the the DT 39396 278 15 basis basis NN 39396 278 16 of of IN 39396 278 17 condition condition NN 39396 278 18 of of IN 39396 278 19 pelage pelage NN 39396 278 20 . . . 39396 279 1 The the DT 39396 279 2 percentage percentage NN 39396 279 3 of of IN 39396 279 4 adults adult NNS 39396 279 5 in in IN 39396 279 6 populations population NNS 39396 279 7 varied vary VBD 39396 279 8 seasonally seasonally RB 39396 279 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 279 10 Fig fig NN 39396 279 11 . . . 39396 280 1 2 2 LS 39396 280 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 280 3 . . . 39396 281 1 January January NNP 39396 281 2 , , , 39396 281 3 February February NNP 39396 281 4 and and CC 39396 281 5 March March NNP 39396 281 6 were be VBD 39396 281 7 the the DT 39396 281 8 months month NNS 39396 281 9 when when WRB 39396 281 10 the the DT 39396 281 11 adult adult NN 39396 281 12 fraction fraction NN 39396 281 13 of of IN 39396 281 14 the the DT 39396 281 15 population population NN 39396 281 16 was be VBD 39396 281 17 highest high JJS 39396 281 18 and and CC 39396 281 19 October October NNP 39396 281 20 and and CC 39396 281 21 November November NNP 39396 281 22 were be VBD 39396 281 23 low low JJ 39396 281 24 points point NNS 39396 281 25 , , , 39396 281 26 with with IN 39396 281 27 May May NNP 39396 281 28 and and CC 39396 281 29 June June NNP 39396 281 30 showing show VBG 39396 281 31 percentages percentage NNS 39396 281 32 almost almost RB 39396 281 33 as as RB 39396 281 34 low low JJ 39396 281 35 . . . 39396 282 1 The the DT 39396 282 2 only only JJ 39396 282 3 marked marked JJ 39396 282 4 variation variation NN 39396 282 5 in in IN 39396 282 6 this this DT 39396 282 7 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 282 8 pattern pattern NN 39396 282 9 occurred occur VBD 39396 282 10 in in IN 39396 282 11 July July NNP 39396 282 12 and and CC 39396 282 13 August August NNP 39396 282 14 , , , 39396 282 15 1952 1952 CD 39396 282 16 , , , 39396 282 17 when when WRB 39396 282 18 the the DT 39396 282 19 percentage percentage NN 39396 282 20 of of IN 39396 282 21 adults adult NNS 39396 282 22 rose rise VBD 39396 282 23 sharply sharply RB 39396 282 24 . . . 39396 283 1 This this DT 39396 283 2 was be VBD 39396 283 3 due due JJ 39396 283 4 to to IN 39396 283 5 a a DT 39396 283 6 depression depression NN 39396 283 7 in in IN 39396 283 8 the the DT 39396 283 9 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 283 10 rate rate NN 39396 283 11 during during IN 39396 283 12 the the DT 39396 283 13 dry dry JJ 39396 283 14 summer summer NN 39396 283 15 of of IN 39396 283 16 1952 1952 CD 39396 283 17 , , , 39396 283 18 which which WDT 39396 283 19 is be VBZ 39396 283 20 discussed discuss VBN 39396 283 21 later later RB 39396 283 22 in in IN 39396 283 23 this this DT 39396 283 24 report report NN 39396 283 25 . . . 39396 284 1 Juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 284 2 made make VBD 39396 284 3 up up RP 39396 284 4 only only RB 39396 284 5 a a DT 39396 284 6 small small JJ 39396 284 7 fraction fraction NN 39396 284 8 of of IN 39396 284 9 the the DT 39396 284 10 population population NN 39396 284 11 from from IN 39396 284 12 December December NNP 39396 284 13 through through IN 39396 284 14 March March NNP 39396 284 15 and and CC 39396 284 16 a a DT 39396 284 17 relatively relatively RB 39396 284 18 large large JJ 39396 284 19 fraction fraction NN 39396 284 20 in in IN 39396 284 21 the the DT 39396 284 22 October October NNP 39396 284 23 - - HYPH 39396 284 24 November November NNP 39396 284 25 and and CC 39396 284 26 May May NNP 39396 284 27 - - HYPH 39396 284 28 June June NNP 39396 284 29 periods period NNS 39396 284 30 ( ( -LRB- 39396 284 31 Fig fig NN 39396 284 32 . . . 39396 285 1 2 2 LS 39396 285 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 285 3 . . . 39396 286 1 Again again RB 39396 286 2 , , , 39396 286 3 July July NNP 39396 286 4 and and CC 39396 286 5 August August NNP 39396 286 6 of of IN 39396 286 7 1952 1952 CD 39396 286 8 were be VBD 39396 286 9 exceptions exception NNS 39396 286 10 to to IN 39396 286 11 the the DT 39396 286 12 pattern pattern NN 39396 286 13 as as IN 39396 286 14 the the DT 39396 286 15 percentages percentage NNS 39396 286 16 of of IN 39396 286 17 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 286 18 in in IN 39396 286 19 these these DT 39396 286 20 months month NNS 39396 286 21 fell fall VBD 39396 286 22 to to IN 39396 286 23 midwinter midwinter NN 39396 286 24 levels level NNS 39396 286 25 . . . 39396 287 1 As as IN 39396 287 2 expected expect VBN 39396 287 3 , , , 39396 287 4 the the DT 39396 287 5 curve curve NN 39396 287 6 of of IN 39396 287 7 the the DT 39396 287 8 percentages percentage NNS 39396 287 9 of of IN 39396 287 10 subadults subadult NNS 39396 287 11 in in IN 39396 287 12 the the DT 39396 287 13 population population NN 39396 287 14 followed follow VBD 39396 287 15 that that DT 39396 287 16 of of IN 39396 287 17 the the DT 39396 287 18 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 287 19 and and CC 39396 287 20 preceded precede VBD 39396 287 21 that that DT 39396 287 22 of of IN 39396 287 23 the the DT 39396 287 24 adults adult NNS 39396 287 25 . . . 39396 288 1 The the DT 39396 288 2 mean mean JJ 39396 288 3 percentages percentage NNS 39396 288 4 for for IN 39396 288 5 the the DT 39396 288 6 thirty thirty CD 39396 288 7 month month NN 39396 288 8 period period NN 39396 288 9 for for IN 39396 288 10 which which WDT 39396 288 11 data datum NNS 39396 288 12 were be VBD 39396 288 13 available available JJ 39396 288 14 were be VBD 39396 288 15 : : : 39396 288 16 adults adult NNS 39396 288 17 , , , 39396 288 18 77.72 77.72 CD 39396 288 19 ± ± CD 39396 288 20 4.48 4.48 CD 39396 288 21 per per IN 39396 288 22 cent cent NN 39396 288 23 ; ; : 39396 288 24 subadults subadult NNS 39396 288 25 , , , 39396 288 26 14.06 14.06 CD 39396 288 27 ± ± CD 39396 288 28 3.14 3.14 CD 39396 288 29 per per IN 39396 288 30 cent cent NN 39396 288 31 ; ; : 39396 288 32 and and CC 39396 288 33 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 288 34 , , , 39396 288 35 8.22 8.22 CD 39396 288 36 ± ± CD 39396 288 37 2.62 2.62 CD 39396 288 38 per per IN 39396 288 39 cent cent NN 39396 288 40 . . . 39396 289 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 289 2 and and CC 39396 289 3 yearly yearly JJ 39396 289 4 changes change NNS 39396 289 5 in in IN 39396 289 6 the the DT 39396 289 7 population population NN 39396 289 8 structure structure NN 39396 289 9 occurred occur VBD 39396 289 10 , , , 39396 289 11 with with IN 39396 289 12 notable notable JJ 39396 289 13 variation variation NN 39396 289 14 in in IN 39396 289 15 the the DT 39396 289 16 ratio ratio NN 39396 289 17 of of IN 39396 289 18 breeding breed VBG 39396 289 19 females female NNS 39396 289 20 to to IN 39396 289 21 the the DT 39396 289 22 entire entire JJ 39396 289 23 population population NN 39396 289 24 , , , 39396 289 25 as as IN 39396 289 26 discussed discuss VBN 39396 289 27 in in IN 39396 289 28 this this DT 39396 289 29 report report NN 39396 289 30 under under IN 39396 289 31 the the DT 39396 289 32 heading heading NN 39396 289 33 of of IN 39396 289 34 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 289 35 . . . 39396 290 1 Since since IN 39396 290 2 some some DT 39396 290 3 of of IN 39396 290 4 the the DT 39396 290 5 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 290 6 did do VBD 39396 290 7 not not RB 39396 290 8 move move VB 39396 290 9 enough enough JJ 39396 290 10 to to TO 39396 290 11 be be VB 39396 290 12 readily readily RB 39396 290 13 trapped trap VBN 39396 290 14 , , , 39396 290 15 the the DT 39396 290 16 real real JJ 39396 290 17 percentage percentage NN 39396 290 18 of of IN 39396 290 19 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 290 20 in in IN 39396 290 21 the the DT 39396 290 22 population population NN 39396 290 23 was be VBD 39396 290 24 probably probably RB 39396 290 25 far far RB 39396 290 26 greater great JJR 39396 290 27 than than IN 39396 290 28 that that DT 39396 290 29 shown show VBN 39396 290 30 by by IN 39396 290 31 trapping trap VBG 39396 290 32 data datum NNS 39396 290 33 . . . 39396 291 1 I -PRON- PRP 39396 291 2 tried try VBD 39396 291 3 , , , 39396 291 4 therefore therefore RB 39396 291 5 , , , 39396 291 6 to to TO 39396 291 7 estimate estimate VB 39396 291 8 the the DT 39396 291 9 number number NN 39396 291 10 of of IN 39396 291 11 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 291 12 on on IN 39396 291 13 the the DT 39396 291 14 study study NN 39396 291 15 plot plot NN 39396 291 16 each each DT 39396 291 17 month month NN 39396 291 18 by by IN 39396 291 19 multiplying multiply VBG 39396 291 20 the the DT 39396 291 21 number number NN 39396 291 22 of of IN 39396 291 23 lactating lactate VBG 39396 291 24 females female NNS 39396 291 25 by by IN 39396 291 26 the the DT 39396 291 27 mean mean NNP 39396 291 28 litter litter NN 39396 291 29 size size NN 39396 291 30 . . . 39396 292 1 As as IN 39396 292 2 expected expect VBN 39396 292 3 , , , 39396 292 4 the the DT 39396 292 5 results result NNS 39396 292 6 were be VBD 39396 292 7 consistently consistently RB 39396 292 8 higher high JJR 39396 292 9 than than IN 39396 292 10 the the DT 39396 292 11 estimate estimate NN 39396 292 12 based base VBN 39396 292 13 on on IN 39396 292 14 trapping trap VBG 39396 292 15 data datum NNS 39396 292 16 . . . 39396 293 1 The the DT 39396 293 2 discrepancy discrepancy NN 39396 293 3 was be VBD 39396 293 4 largest large JJS 39396 293 5 in in IN 39396 293 6 April April NNP 39396 293 7 , , , 39396 293 8 May May NNP 39396 293 9 , , , 39396 293 10 June June NNP 39396 293 11 and and CC 39396 293 12 October October NNP 39396 293 13 . . . 39396 294 1 During during IN 39396 294 2 the the DT 39396 294 3 winter winter NN 39396 294 4 there there EX 39396 294 5 was be VBD 39396 294 6 no no DT 39396 294 7 important important JJ 39396 294 8 difference difference NN 39396 294 9 between between IN 39396 294 10 the the DT 39396 294 11 two two CD 39396 294 12 estimates estimate NNS 39396 294 13 . . . 39396 295 1 Even even RB 39396 295 2 when when WRB 39396 295 3 the the DT 39396 295 4 discrepancy discrepancy NN 39396 295 5 was be VBD 39396 295 6 greatest great JJS 39396 295 7 , , , 39396 295 8 the the DT 39396 295 9 estimated estimate VBN 39396 295 10 weight weight NN 39396 295 11 of of IN 39396 295 12 the the DT 39396 295 13 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 295 14 missed miss VBN 39396 295 15 by by IN 39396 295 16 trapping trap VBG 39396 295 17 was be VBD 39396 295 18 not not RB 39396 295 19 large large JJ 39396 295 20 enough enough RB 39396 295 21 to to TO 39396 295 22 modify modify VB 39396 295 23 the the DT 39396 295 24 picture picture NN 39396 295 25 of of IN 39396 295 26 habitat habitat JJ 39396 295 27 utilization utilization NN 39396 295 28 in in IN 39396 295 29 any any DT 39396 295 30 important important JJ 39396 295 31 way way NN 39396 295 32 . . . 39396 296 1 I -PRON- PRP 39396 296 2 chose choose VBD 39396 296 3 , , , 39396 296 4 therefore therefore RB 39396 296 5 , , , 39396 296 6 to to TO 39396 296 7 count count VB 39396 296 8 only only RB 39396 296 9 those those DT 39396 296 10 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 296 11 actually actually RB 39396 296 12 trapped trap VBN 39396 296 13 . . . 39396 297 1 Although although IN 39396 297 2 probably probably RB 39396 297 3 consistently consistently RB 39396 297 4 too too RB 39396 297 5 low low JJ 39396 297 6 , , , 39396 297 7 such such PDT 39396 297 8 a a DT 39396 297 9 figure figure NN 39396 297 10 seemed seem VBD 39396 297 11 more more RBR 39396 297 12 reliable reliable JJ 39396 297 13 than than IN 39396 297 14 an an DT 39396 297 15 estimate estimate NN 39396 297 16 made make VBN 39396 297 17 on on IN 39396 297 18 any any DT 39396 297 19 other other JJ 39396 297 20 basis basis NN 39396 297 21 . . . 39396 298 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 298 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 298 3 : : : 39396 298 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 298 5 . . . 39396 299 1 3 3 LS 39396 299 2 . . . 39396 300 1 Percentages percentage NNS 39396 300 2 of of IN 39396 300 3 individuals individual NNS 39396 300 4 captured capture VBD 39396 300 5 each each DT 39396 300 6 month month NN 39396 300 7 surviving survive VBG 39396 300 8 in in IN 39396 300 9 subsequent subsequent JJ 39396 300 10 months month NNS 39396 300 11 . . . 39396 301 1 The the DT 39396 301 2 graph graph NN 39396 301 3 shows show VBZ 39396 301 4 differential differential JJ 39396 301 5 survival survival NN 39396 301 6 according accord VBG 39396 301 7 to to IN 39396 301 8 time time NN 39396 301 9 of of IN 39396 301 10 birth birth NN 39396 301 11 . . . 39396 302 1 Individuals individual NNS 39396 302 2 born bear VBN 39396 302 3 in in IN 39396 302 4 autumn autumn NN 39396 302 5 seem seem VBP 39396 302 6 to to TO 39396 302 7 have have VB 39396 302 8 a a DT 39396 302 9 longer long JJR 39396 302 10 life life NN 39396 302 11 expectancy expectancy NN 39396 302 12 . . . 39396 303 1 The the DT 39396 303 2 numbers number NNS 39396 303 3 on on IN 39396 303 4 the the DT 39396 303 5 lines line NNS 39396 303 6 refer refer VBP 39396 303 7 to to IN 39396 303 8 months month NNS 39396 303 9 of of IN 39396 303 10 first first JJ 39396 303 11 capture capture NN 39396 303 12 . . . 39396 303 13 ] ] -RRB- 39396 304 1 A a DT 39396 304 2 study study NN 39396 304 3 of of IN 39396 304 4 the the DT 39396 304 5 age age NN 39396 304 6 groups group NNS 39396 304 7 in in IN 39396 304 8 each each DT 39396 304 9 month month NN 39396 304 10 's 's POS 39396 304 11 population population NN 39396 304 12 revealed reveal VBD 39396 304 13 a a DT 39396 304 14 differential differential JJ 39396 304 15 survival survival NN 39396 304 16 based base VBN 39396 304 17 on on IN 39396 304 18 the the DT 39396 304 19 season season NN 39396 304 20 of of IN 39396 304 21 birth birth NN 39396 304 22 . . . 39396 305 1 Blair Blair NNP 39396 305 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 305 3 1948:405 1948:405 CD 39396 305 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 305 5 found find VBD 39396 305 6 that that IN 39396 305 7 chances chance NNS 39396 305 8 of of IN 39396 305 9 survival survival NN 39396 305 10 in in IN 39396 305 11 _ _ NNP 39396 305 12 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 305 13 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NN 39396 305 14 _ _ NNP 39396 305 15 were be VBD 39396 305 16 approximately approximately RB 39396 305 17 equal equal JJ 39396 305 18 throughout throughout IN 39396 305 19 the the DT 39396 305 20 year year NN 39396 305 21 . . . 39396 306 1 In in IN 39396 306 2 the the DT 39396 306 3 present present JJ 39396 306 4 populations population NNS 39396 306 5 of of IN 39396 306 6 _ _ NNP 39396 306 7 M. M. NNP 39396 307 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 307 2 _ _ NNP 39396 307 3 , , , 39396 307 4 however however RB 39396 307 5 , , , 39396 307 6 voles vole NNS 39396 307 7 born bear VBN 39396 307 8 in in IN 39396 307 9 October October NNP 39396 307 10 , , , 39396 307 11 November November NNP 39396 307 12 , , , 39396 307 13 December December NNP 39396 307 14 and and CC 39396 307 15 January January NNP 39396 307 16 tended tend VBD 39396 307 17 to to TO 39396 307 18 live live VB 39396 307 19 longer long RBR 39396 307 20 than than IN 39396 307 21 those those DT 39396 307 22 born bear VBN 39396 307 23 in in IN 39396 307 24 other other JJ 39396 307 25 months month NNS 39396 307 26 ( ( -LRB- 39396 307 27 Fig fig NN 39396 307 28 . . . 39396 308 1 3 3 LS 39396 308 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 308 3 . . . 39396 309 1 Presumably presumably RB 39396 309 2 these these DT 39396 309 3 animals animal NNS 39396 309 4 , , , 39396 309 5 born bear VBN 39396 309 6 in in IN 39396 309 7 autumn autumn NN 39396 309 8 and and CC 39396 309 9 early early JJ 39396 309 10 winter winter NN 39396 309 11 , , , 39396 309 12 were be VBD 39396 309 13 more more RBR 39396 309 14 vigorous vigorous JJ 39396 309 15 than than IN 39396 309 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 309 17 older old JJR 39396 309 18 competitors competitor NNS 39396 309 19 and and CC 39396 309 20 were be VBD 39396 309 21 therefore therefore RB 39396 309 22 better well RBR 39396 309 23 able able JJ 39396 309 24 to to TO 39396 309 25 survive survive VB 39396 309 26 the the DT 39396 309 27 shrinking shrink VBG 39396 309 28 habitat habitat NN 39396 309 29 of of IN 39396 309 30 winter winter NN 39396 309 31 . . . 39396 310 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 310 2 continued continue VBN 39396 310 3 survival survival NN 39396 310 4 after after IN 39396 310 5 large large JJ 39396 310 6 numbers number NNS 39396 310 7 of of IN 39396 310 8 younger young JJR 39396 310 9 voles vole NNS 39396 310 10 had have VBD 39396 310 11 been be VBN 39396 310 12 added add VBN 39396 310 13 to to IN 39396 310 14 the the DT 39396 310 15 population population NN 39396 310 16 probably probably RB 39396 310 17 was be VBD 39396 310 18 permitted permit VBN 39396 310 19 by by IN 39396 310 20 the the DT 39396 310 21 expanding expand VBG 39396 310 22 habitat habitat NN 39396 310 23 of of IN 39396 310 24 spring spring NN 39396 310 25 and and CC 39396 310 26 summer summer NN 39396 310 27 . . . 39396 311 1 The the DT 39396 311 2 percentage percentage NN 39396 311 3 of of IN 39396 311 4 the the DT 39396 311 5 population population NN 39396 311 6 surviving survive VBG 39396 311 7 the the DT 39396 311 8 winter winter NN 39396 311 9 of of IN 39396 311 10 1951 1951 CD 39396 311 11 - - SYM 39396 311 12 1952 1952 CD 39396 311 13 was be VBD 39396 311 14 approximately approximately RB 39396 311 15 double double PDT 39396 311 16 the the DT 39396 311 17 percentage percentage NN 39396 311 18 surviving survive VBG 39396 311 19 the the DT 39396 311 20 winter winter NN 39396 311 21 of of IN 39396 311 22 1950 1950 CD 39396 311 23 - - SYM 39396 311 24 1951 1951 CD 39396 311 25 . . . 39396 312 1 This this DT 39396 312 2 difference difference NN 39396 312 3 seemed seem VBD 39396 312 4 to to TO 39396 312 5 be be VB 39396 312 6 due due IN 39396 312 7 to to IN 39396 312 8 the the DT 39396 312 9 smaller small JJR 39396 312 10 population population NN 39396 312 11 entering enter VBG 39396 312 12 the the DT 39396 312 13 winter winter NN 39396 312 14 of of IN 39396 312 15 1951 1951 CD 39396 312 16 - - SYM 39396 312 17 1952 1952 CD 39396 312 18 rather rather RB 39396 312 19 than than IN 39396 312 20 any any DT 39396 312 21 major major JJ 39396 312 22 difference difference NN 39396 312 23 in in IN 39396 312 24 the the DT 39396 312 25 environmental environmental JJ 39396 312 26 resistance resistance NN 39396 312 27 . . . 39396 313 1 As as IN 39396 313 2 a a DT 39396 313 3 consequence consequence NN 39396 313 4 of of IN 39396 313 5 the the DT 39396 313 6 differential differential JJ 39396 313 7 survival survival NN 39396 313 8 , , , 39396 313 9 most most JJS 39396 313 10 of of IN 39396 313 11 the the DT 39396 313 12 breeding breeding NN 39396 313 13 population population NN 39396 313 14 in in IN 39396 313 15 the the DT 39396 313 16 spring spring NN 39396 313 17 was be VBD 39396 313 18 made make VBN 39396 313 19 up up RP 39396 313 20 of of IN 39396 313 21 animals animal NNS 39396 313 22 born bear VBN 39396 313 23 the the DT 39396 313 24 previous previous JJ 39396 313 25 October October NNP 39396 313 26 and and CC 39396 313 27 November November NNP 39396 313 28 . . . 39396 314 1 Fig fig NN 39396 314 2 . . . 39396 315 1 4 4 CD 39396 315 2 shows show VBZ 39396 315 3 that that IN 39396 315 4 in in IN 39396 315 5 February February NNP 39396 315 6 , , , 39396 315 7 when when WRB 39396 315 8 the the DT 39396 315 9 percentage percentage NN 39396 315 10 of of IN 39396 315 11 breeding breed VBG 39396 315 12 females female NNS 39396 315 13 ordinarily ordinarily RB 39396 315 14 began begin VBD 39396 315 15 to to TO 39396 315 16 rise rise VB 39396 315 17 , , , 39396 315 18 51.6 51.6 CD 39396 315 19 per per IN 39396 315 20 cent cent NN 39396 315 21 of of IN 39396 315 22 the the DT 39396 315 23 population population NN 39396 315 24 was be VBD 39396 315 25 born bear VBN 39396 315 26 in in IN 39396 315 27 the the DT 39396 315 28 previous previous JJ 39396 315 29 October October NNP 39396 315 30 and and CC 39396 315 31 November November NNP 39396 315 32 . . . 39396 316 1 Voles vole NNS 39396 316 2 born bear VBN 39396 316 3 in in IN 39396 316 4 these these DT 39396 316 5 two two CD 39396 316 6 months month NNS 39396 316 7 continued continue VBD 39396 316 8 to to TO 39396 316 9 form form VB 39396 316 10 a a DT 39396 316 11 large large JJ 39396 316 12 part part NN 39396 316 13 of of IN 39396 316 14 the the DT 39396 316 15 population population NN 39396 316 16 through through IN 39396 316 17 March March NNP 39396 316 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 316 19 45.1 45.1 CD 39396 316 20 per per IN 39396 316 21 cent cent NN 39396 316 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 316 23 , , , 39396 316 24 April April NNP 39396 316 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 316 26 38.5 38.5 CD 39396 316 27 per per IN 39396 316 28 cent cent NN 39396 316 29 ) ) -RRB- 39396 316 30 , , , 39396 316 31 May May NNP 39396 316 32 ( ( -LRB- 39396 316 33 23.9 23.9 CD 39396 316 34 per per IN 39396 316 35 cent cent NN 39396 316 36 ) ) -RRB- 39396 316 37 , , , 39396 316 38 June June NNP 39396 316 39 ( ( -LRB- 39396 316 40 18.7 18.7 CD 39396 316 41 per per IN 39396 316 42 cent cent NN 39396 316 43 ) ) -RRB- 39396 316 44 and and CC 39396 316 45 July July NNP 39396 316 46 ( ( -LRB- 39396 316 47 16.2 16.2 CD 39396 316 48 per per IN 39396 316 49 cent cent NN 39396 316 50 ) ) -RRB- 39396 316 51 ( ( -LRB- 39396 316 52 Fig fig NN 39396 316 53 . . . 39396 317 1 4 4 LS 39396 317 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 317 3 . . . 39396 318 1 These these DT 39396 318 2 percentages percentage NNS 39396 318 3 suggest suggest VBP 39396 318 4 that that IN 39396 318 5 the the DT 39396 318 6 habitat habitat JJ 39396 318 7 conditions condition NNS 39396 318 8 in in IN 39396 318 9 October October NNP 39396 318 10 and and CC 39396 318 11 November November NNP 39396 318 12 were be VBD 39396 318 13 probably probably RB 39396 318 14 important important JJ 39396 318 15 in in IN 39396 318 16 determining determine VBG 39396 318 17 the the DT 39396 318 18 population population NN 39396 318 19 level level NN 39396 318 20 for for IN 39396 318 21 at at IN 39396 318 22 least least JJS 39396 318 23 the the DT 39396 318 24 first first JJ 39396 318 25 half half NN 39396 318 26 of of IN 39396 318 27 the the DT 39396 318 28 next next JJ 39396 318 29 year year NN 39396 318 30 . . . 39396 319 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 319 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 319 3 : : : 39396 319 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 319 5 . . . 39396 320 1 4 4 LS 39396 320 2 . . . 39396 321 1 Differential differential JJ 39396 321 2 survival survival NN 39396 321 3 of of IN 39396 321 4 voles vole NNS 39396 321 5 according accord VBG 39396 321 6 to to IN 39396 321 7 month month NN 39396 321 8 when when WRB 39396 321 9 first first RB 39396 321 10 caught catch VBN 39396 321 11 . . . 39396 322 1 Each each DT 39396 322 2 column column NN 39396 322 3 represents represent VBZ 39396 322 4 the the DT 39396 322 5 percentage percentage NN 39396 322 6 of of IN 39396 322 7 the the DT 39396 322 8 monthly monthly JJ 39396 322 9 sample sample NN 39396 322 10 first first RB 39396 322 11 caught catch VBN 39396 322 12 in in IN 39396 322 13 each each DT 39396 322 14 of of IN 39396 322 15 the the DT 39396 322 16 preceding precede VBG 39396 322 17 months month NNS 39396 322 18 . . . 39396 323 1 Those those DT 39396 323 2 voles vole NNS 39396 323 3 caught catch VBN 39396 323 4 first first RB 39396 323 5 in in IN 39396 323 6 October October NNP 39396 323 7 and and CC 39396 323 8 November November NNP 39396 323 9 survived survive VBD 39396 323 10 longer long RBR 39396 323 11 than than IN 39396 323 12 those those DT 39396 323 13 first first RB 39396 323 14 caught catch VBN 39396 323 15 in in IN 39396 323 16 other other JJ 39396 323 17 months month NNS 39396 323 18 . . . 39396 324 1 Relatively relatively RB 39396 324 2 few few JJ 39396 324 3 individuals individual NNS 39396 324 4 remained remain VBD 39396 324 5 in in IN 39396 324 6 the the DT 39396 324 7 population population NN 39396 324 8 as as RB 39396 324 9 long long RB 39396 324 10 as as IN 39396 324 11 one one CD 39396 324 12 year year NN 39396 324 13 . . . 39396 324 14 ] ] -RRB- 39396 325 1 POPULATION population NN 39396 325 2 DENSITY DENSITY NNP 39396 325 3 Population Population NNP 39396 325 4 densities density NNS 39396 325 5 were be VBD 39396 325 6 ascertained ascertain VBN 39396 325 7 on on IN 39396 325 8 the the DT 39396 325 9 study study NN 39396 325 10 areas area NNS 39396 325 11 by by IN 39396 325 12 means mean NNS 39396 325 13 of of IN 39396 325 14 the the DT 39396 325 15 live live RB 39396 325 16 - - HYPH 39396 325 17 trapping trap VBG 39396 325 18 program program NN 39396 325 19 . . . 39396 326 1 Blair Blair NNP 39396 326 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 326 3 1948:396 1948:396 CD 39396 326 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 326 5 stated state VBD 39396 326 6 that that IN 39396 326 7 almost almost RB 39396 326 8 all all DT 39396 326 9 small small JJ 39396 326 10 mammals mammal NNS 39396 326 11 old old JJ 39396 326 12 enough enough RB 39396 326 13 to to TO 39396 326 14 leave leave VB 39396 326 15 the the DT 39396 326 16 nest nest NN 39396 326 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 326 18 except except IN 39396 326 19 shrews shrew NNS 39396 326 20 and and CC 39396 326 21 moles mole NNS 39396 326 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 326 23 are be VBP 39396 326 24 captured capture VBN 39396 326 25 by by IN 39396 326 26 live live NN 39396 326 27 - - HYPH 39396 326 28 trapping trapping NN 39396 326 29 . . . 39396 327 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 39396 327 2 experience experience NN 39396 327 3 , , , 39396 327 4 and and CC 39396 327 5 that that DT 39396 327 6 of of IN 39396 327 7 other other JJ 39396 327 8 workers worker NNS 39396 327 9 on on IN 39396 327 10 the the DT 39396 327 11 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 327 12 , , , 39396 327 13 requires require VBZ 39396 327 14 modification modification NN 39396 327 15 of of IN 39396 327 16 such such PDT 39396 327 17 a a DT 39396 327 18 statement statement NN 39396 327 19 . . . 39396 328 1 The the DT 39396 328 2 distance distance NN 39396 328 3 between between IN 39396 328 4 traps trap NNS 39396 328 5 is be VBZ 39396 328 6 an an DT 39396 328 7 important important JJ 39396 328 8 factor factor NN 39396 328 9 in in IN 39396 328 10 determining determine VBG 39396 328 11 the the DT 39396 328 12 efficiency efficiency NN 39396 328 13 of of IN 39396 328 14 live live NN 39396 328 15 - - HYPH 39396 328 16 trapping trapping NN 39396 328 17 . . . 39396 329 1 As as IN 39396 329 2 mentioned mention VBN 39396 329 3 earlier early RBR 39396 329 4 , , , 39396 329 5 when when WRB 39396 329 6 House House NNP 39396 329 7 Field Field NNP 39396 329 8 and and CC 39396 329 9 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 329 10 Field Field NNP 39396 329 11 were be VBD 39396 329 12 trapped trap VBN 39396 329 13 out out RP 39396 329 14 at at IN 39396 329 15 the the DT 39396 329 16 conclusion conclusion NN 39396 329 17 of of IN 39396 329 18 the the DT 39396 329 19 live live RB 39396 329 20 - - HYPH 39396 329 21 trapping trap VBG 39396 329 22 program program NN 39396 329 23 no no DT 39396 329 24 unmarked unmarked JJ 39396 329 25 voles vole NNS 39396 329 26 were be VBD 39396 329 27 taken take VBN 39396 329 28 . . . 39396 330 1 This this DT 39396 330 2 showed show VBD 39396 330 3 that that IN 39396 330 4 the the DT 39396 330 5 30 30 CD 39396 330 6 foot foot NN 39396 330 7 interval interval NN 39396 330 8 between between IN 39396 330 9 traps trap NNS 39396 330 10 was be VBD 39396 330 11 short short JJ 39396 330 12 enough enough RB 39396 330 13 to to TO 39396 330 14 cover cover VB 39396 330 15 the the DT 39396 330 16 area area NN 39396 330 17 as as RB 39396 330 18 far far RB 39396 330 19 as as IN 39396 330 20 _ _ NNP 39396 330 21 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 330 22 _ _ NNP 39396 330 23 was be VBD 39396 330 24 concerned concern VBN 39396 330 25 . . . 39396 331 1 The the DT 39396 331 2 fact fact NN 39396 331 3 that that IN 39396 331 4 unmarked unmarked JJ 39396 331 5 adults adult NNS 39396 331 6 were be VBD 39396 331 7 caught catch VBN 39396 331 8 almost almost RB 39396 331 9 entirely entirely RB 39396 331 10 in in IN 39396 331 11 marginal marginal JJ 39396 331 12 traps trap NNS 39396 331 13 is be VBZ 39396 331 14 additional additional JJ 39396 331 15 evidence evidence NN 39396 331 16 . . . 39396 332 1 On on IN 39396 332 2 the the DT 39396 332 3 other other JJ 39396 332 4 hand hand NN 39396 332 5 , , , 39396 332 6 the the DT 39396 332 7 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 332 8 traps trap NNS 39396 332 9 were be VBD 39396 332 10 50 50 CD 39396 332 11 feet foot NNS 39396 332 12 apart apart RB 39396 332 13 and and CC 39396 332 14 voles voles NNP 39396 332 15 seemed seem VBD 39396 332 16 to to TO 39396 332 17 have have VB 39396 332 18 lived live VBN 39396 332 19 within within IN 39396 332 20 the the DT 39396 332 21 grid grid NN 39396 332 22 for for IN 39396 332 23 several several JJ 39396 332 24 months month NNS 39396 332 25 before before IN 39396 332 26 being be VBG 39396 332 27 captured capture VBN 39396 332 28 . . . 39396 333 1 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 333 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 333 3 1954:39 1954:39 CD 39396 333 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 333 5 has have VBZ 39396 333 6 shown show VBN 39396 333 7 that that IN 39396 333 8 some some DT 39396 333 9 kinds kind NNS 39396 333 10 of of IN 39396 333 11 small small JJ 39396 333 12 mammals mammal NNS 39396 333 13 are be VBP 39396 333 14 missed miss VBN 39396 333 15 in in IN 39396 333 16 a a DT 39396 333 17 live live RB 39396 333 18 - - HYPH 39396 333 19 trapping trap VBG 39396 333 20 program program NN 39396 333 21 because because IN 39396 333 22 of of IN 39396 333 23 variation variation NN 39396 333 24 in in IN 39396 333 25 bait bait NNP 39396 333 26 acceptance acceptance NNP 39396 333 27 , , , 39396 333 28 both both DT 39396 333 29 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 333 30 and and CC 39396 333 31 specific specific JJ 39396 333 32 . . . 39396 334 1 A a DT 39396 334 2 few few JJ 39396 334 3 individuals individual NNS 39396 334 4 , , , 39396 334 5 missed miss VBN 39396 334 6 in in IN 39396 334 7 a a DT 39396 334 8 trapping trapping JJ 39396 334 9 period period NN 39396 334 10 , , , 39396 334 11 were be VBD 39396 334 12 captured capture VBN 39396 334 13 again again RB 39396 334 14 in in IN 39396 334 15 subsequent subsequent JJ 39396 334 16 months month NNS 39396 334 17 . . . 39396 335 1 These these DT 39396 335 2 voles vole NNS 39396 335 3 were be VBD 39396 335 4 assumed assume VBN 39396 335 5 to to TO 39396 335 6 have have VB 39396 335 7 been be VBN 39396 335 8 present present JJ 39396 335 9 during during IN 39396 335 10 the the DT 39396 335 11 month month NN 39396 335 12 in in IN 39396 335 13 which which WDT 39396 335 14 they -PRON- PRP 39396 335 15 were be VBD 39396 335 16 not not RB 39396 335 17 caught catch VBN 39396 335 18 . . . 39396 336 1 The the DT 39396 336 2 area area NN 39396 336 3 actually actually RB 39396 336 4 trapped trap VBD 39396 336 5 each each DT 39396 336 6 month month NN 39396 336 7 was be VBD 39396 336 8 estimated estimate VBN 39396 336 9 by by IN 39396 336 10 a a DT 39396 336 11 modification modification NN 39396 336 12 of of IN 39396 336 13 the the DT 39396 336 14 method method NN 39396 336 15 proposed propose VBN 39396 336 16 by by IN 39396 336 17 Stickel Stickel NNP 39396 336 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 336 19 1946:153 1946:153 CD 39396 336 20 ) ) -RRB- 39396 336 21 . . . 39396 337 1 The the DT 39396 337 2 average average JJ 39396 337 3 maximum maximum JJ 39396 337 4 move move NN 39396 337 5 was be VBD 39396 337 6 calculated calculate VBN 39396 337 7 each each DT 39396 337 8 month month NN 39396 337 9 and and CC 39396 337 10 a a DT 39396 337 11 strip strip NN 39396 337 12 one one CD 39396 337 13 half half PDT 39396 337 14 the the DT 39396 337 15 average average JJ 39396 337 16 maximum maximum JJ 39396 337 17 move move NN 39396 337 18 in in IN 39396 337 19 width width NN 39396 337 20 was be VBD 39396 337 21 added add VBN 39396 337 22 to to IN 39396 337 23 each each DT 39396 337 24 side side NN 39396 337 25 of of IN 39396 337 26 the the DT 39396 337 27 study study NN 39396 337 28 area area NN 39396 337 29 actually actually RB 39396 337 30 covered cover VBN 39396 337 31 by by IN 39396 337 32 traps trap NNS 39396 337 33 . . . 39396 338 1 The the DT 39396 338 2 study study NN 39396 338 3 plots plot NNS 39396 338 4 were be VBD 39396 338 5 bounded bound VBN 39396 338 6 in in IN 39396 338 7 part part NN 39396 338 8 by by IN 39396 338 9 gravel gravel NN 39396 338 10 roads road NNS 39396 338 11 and and CC 39396 338 12 forest forest NN 39396 338 13 edge edge NN 39396 338 14 acting act VBG 39396 338 15 as as IN 39396 338 16 barriers barrier NNS 39396 338 17 , , , 39396 338 18 and and CC 39396 338 19 for for IN 39396 338 20 these these DT 39396 338 21 parts part NNS 39396 338 22 no no DT 39396 338 23 marginal marginal JJ 39396 338 24 strip strip NN 39396 338 25 was be VBD 39396 338 26 added add VBN 39396 338 27 . . . 39396 339 1 Trap trap NN 39396 339 2 lines line NNS 39396 339 3 on on IN 39396 339 4 the the DT 39396 339 5 opposite opposite JJ 39396 339 6 sides side NNS 39396 339 7 of of IN 39396 339 8 these these DT 39396 339 9 roads road NNS 39396 339 10 rarely rarely RB 39396 339 11 caught catch VBD 39396 339 12 marked marked JJ 39396 339 13 voles vole NNS 39396 339 14 that that WDT 39396 339 15 had have VBD 39396 339 16 crossed cross VBN 39396 339 17 in in IN 39396 339 18 either either DT 39396 339 19 direction direction NN 39396 339 20 . . . 39396 340 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 340 2 is be VBZ 39396 340 3 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 340 4 advisable advisable JJ 39396 340 5 to to TO 39396 340 6 say say VB 39396 340 7 here here RB 39396 340 8 that that IN 39396 340 9 the the DT 39396 340 10 size size NN 39396 340 11 of of IN 39396 340 12 House House NNP 39396 340 13 Field Field NNP 39396 340 14 and and CC 39396 340 15 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 340 16 Field Field NNP 39396 340 17 study study NN 39396 340 18 plots plot NNS 39396 340 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 340 20 0.56 0.56 CD 39396 340 21 acres acre NNS 39396 340 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 340 23 was be VBD 39396 340 24 too too RB 39396 340 25 small small JJ 39396 340 26 for for IN 39396 340 27 best good JJS 39396 340 28 results result NNS 39396 340 29 in in IN 39396 340 30 estimating estimate VBG 39396 340 31 population population NN 39396 340 32 levels level NNS 39396 340 33 ( ( -LRB- 39396 340 34 Blair Blair NNP 39396 340 35 , , , 39396 340 36 1941:149 1941:149 CD 39396 340 37 ) ) -RRB- 39396 340 38 . . . 39396 341 1 In in IN 39396 341 2 the the DT 39396 341 3 computations computation NNS 39396 341 4 of of IN 39396 341 5 population population NN 39396 341 6 levels level NNS 39396 341 7 the the DT 39396 341 8 data datum NNS 39396 341 9 for for IN 39396 341 10 males male NNS 39396 341 11 and and CC 39396 341 12 females female NNS 39396 341 13 were be VBD 39396 341 14 combined combine VBN 39396 341 15 , , , 39396 341 16 because because IN 39396 341 17 no no DT 39396 341 18 significant significant JJ 39396 341 19 difference difference NN 39396 341 20 between between IN 39396 341 21 the the DT 39396 341 22 average average JJ 39396 341 23 maximum maximum JJ 39396 341 24 move move NN 39396 341 25 of of IN 39396 341 26 the the DT 39396 341 27 sexes sex NNS 39396 341 28 was be VBD 39396 341 29 apparent apparent JJ 39396 341 30 . . . 39396 342 1 Fluctuations fluctuation NNS 39396 342 2 of of IN 39396 342 3 the the DT 39396 342 4 populations population NNS 39396 342 5 were be VBD 39396 342 6 graphed graph VBN 39396 342 7 in in IN 39396 342 8 terms term NNS 39396 342 9 of of IN 39396 342 10 individuals individual NNS 39396 342 11 per per IN 39396 342 12 acre acre NN 39396 342 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 342 14 Fig fig NN 39396 342 15 . . . 39396 343 1 5 5 LS 39396 343 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 343 3 . . . 39396 344 1 The the DT 39396 344 2 variation variation NN 39396 344 3 was be VBD 39396 344 4 great great JJ 39396 344 5 in in IN 39396 344 6 the the DT 39396 344 7 30 30 CD 39396 344 8 month month NN 39396 344 9 period period NN 39396 344 10 for for IN 39396 344 11 which which WDT 39396 344 12 data datum NNS 39396 344 13 were be VBD 39396 344 14 available available JJ 39396 344 15 , , , 39396 344 16 and and CC 39396 344 17 was be VBD 39396 344 18 both both CC 39396 344 19 chronological chronological JJ 39396 344 20 and and CC 39396 344 21 topographical topographical JJ 39396 344 22 . . . 39396 345 1 The the DT 39396 345 2 lowest low JJS 39396 345 3 density density NN 39396 345 4 recorded record VBN 39396 345 5 was be VBD 39396 345 6 25.2 25.2 CD 39396 345 7 individuals individual NNS 39396 345 8 per per IN 39396 345 9 acre acre NN 39396 345 10 and and CC 39396 345 11 the the DT 39396 345 12 highest high JJS 39396 345 13 density density NN 39396 345 14 was be VBD 39396 345 15 145.8 145.8 CD 39396 345 16 individuals individual NNS 39396 345 17 per per IN 39396 345 18 acre acre NN 39396 345 19 . . . 39396 346 1 The the DT 39396 346 2 weight weight NN 39396 346 3 varied vary VBD 39396 346 4 from from IN 39396 346 5 a a DT 39396 346 6 low low NN 39396 346 7 of of IN 39396 346 8 847 847 CD 39396 346 9 grams gram NNS 39396 346 10 per per IN 39396 346 11 acre acre NN 39396 346 12 to to IN 39396 346 13 a a DT 39396 346 14 high high NN 39396 346 15 of of IN 39396 346 16 5275 5275 CD 39396 346 17 grams gram NNS 39396 346 18 per per IN 39396 346 19 acre acre NN 39396 346 20 . . . 39396 347 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 347 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 347 3 : : : 39396 347 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 347 5 . . . 39396 348 1 5 5 CD 39396 348 2 . . . 39396 349 1 Variations variation NNS 39396 349 2 in in IN 39396 349 3 density density NN 39396 349 4 of of IN 39396 349 5 voles vole NNS 39396 349 6 from from IN 39396 349 7 three three CD 39396 349 8 populations population NNS 39396 349 9 , , , 39396 349 10 as as IN 39396 349 11 shown show VBN 39396 349 12 by by IN 39396 349 13 live live NN 39396 349 14 - - HYPH 39396 349 15 trapping trapping NN 39396 349 16 , , , 39396 349 17 and and CC 39396 349 18 the the DT 39396 349 19 mean mean JJ 39396 349 20 density density NN 39396 349 21 of of IN 39396 349 22 these these DT 39396 349 23 populations population NNS 39396 349 24 . . . 39396 350 1 Juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 350 2 are be VBP 39396 350 3 not not RB 39396 350 4 represented represent VBN 39396 350 5 in in IN 39396 350 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 350 7 true true JJ 39396 350 8 numbers number NNS 39396 350 9 since since IN 39396 350 10 many many JJ 39396 350 11 voles vole NNS 39396 350 12 were be VBD 39396 350 13 caught catch VBN 39396 350 14 first first RB 39396 350 15 as as IN 39396 350 16 subadults subadult NNS 39396 350 17 . . . 39396 351 1 The the DT 39396 351 2 samples sample NNS 39396 351 3 from from IN 39396 351 4 the the DT 39396 351 5 Fitch fitch JJ 39396 351 6 trap trap NN 39396 351 7 line line NN 39396 351 8 were be VBD 39396 351 9 incomplete incomplete JJ 39396 351 10 due due IN 39396 351 11 to to IN 39396 351 12 the the DT 39396 351 13 wide wide JJ 39396 351 14 spacing spacing NN 39396 351 15 of of IN 39396 351 16 the the DT 39396 351 17 traps trap NNS 39396 351 18 . . . 39396 351 19 ] ] -RRB- 39396 352 1 There there EX 39396 352 2 are be VBP 39396 352 3 few few JJ 39396 352 4 records record NNS 39396 352 5 of of IN 39396 352 6 density density NN 39396 352 7 of of IN 39396 352 8 _ _ NNP 39396 352 9 M. M. NNP 39396 353 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 353 2 _ _ NNP 39396 353 3 in in IN 39396 353 4 the the DT 39396 353 5 literature literature NN 39396 353 6 . . . 39396 354 1 Brumwell Brumwell NNP 39396 354 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 354 3 1951:213 1951:213 CD 39396 354 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 354 5 found find VBD 39396 354 6 nine nine CD 39396 354 7 individuals individual NNS 39396 354 8 per per IN 39396 354 9 acre acre NN 39396 354 10 in in IN 39396 354 11 a a DT 39396 354 12 prairie prairie NN 39396 354 13 on on IN 39396 354 14 the the DT 39396 354 15 Fort Fort NNP 39396 354 16 Leavenworth Leavenworth NNP 39396 354 17 Military Military NNP 39396 354 18 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 354 19 and and CC 39396 354 20 Wooster Wooster NNP 39396 354 21 ( ( -LRB- 39396 354 22 1939:515 1939:515 CD 39396 354 23 ) ) -RRB- 39396 354 24 reported report VBD 39396 354 25 38.5 38.5 CD 39396 354 26 individuals individual NNS 39396 354 27 per per IN 39396 354 28 acre acre NN 39396 354 29 for for IN 39396 354 30 _ _ NNP 39396 354 31 M. M. NNP 39396 355 1 o. o. NNP 39396 355 2 haydeni haydeni NNP 39396 355 3 _ _ NNP 39396 355 4 in in IN 39396 355 5 a a DT 39396 355 6 mixed mixed JJ 39396 355 7 prairie prairie NN 39396 355 8 in in IN 39396 355 9 west west JJ 39396 355 10 - - HYPH 39396 355 11 central central JJ 39396 355 12 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 355 13 . . . 39396 356 1 High high JJ 39396 356 2 densities density NNS 39396 356 3 for for IN 39396 356 4 _ _ NNP 39396 356 5 M. M. NNP 39396 357 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 357 2 _ _ NNP 39396 357 3 reported report VBD 39396 357 4 in in IN 39396 357 5 the the DT 39396 357 6 literature literature NN 39396 357 7 include include VBP 39396 357 8 29.8 29.8 CD 39396 357 9 individuals individual NNS 39396 357 10 per per IN 39396 357 11 acre acre NN 39396 357 12 ( ( -LRB- 39396 357 13 Blair Blair NNP 39396 357 14 , , , 39396 357 15 1948:404 1948:404 CD 39396 357 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 357 17 , , , 39396 357 18 118 118 CD 39396 357 19 individuals individual NNS 39396 357 20 per per IN 39396 357 21 acre acre NN 39396 357 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 357 23 Bole Bole NNP 39396 357 24 , , , 39396 357 25 1939:69 1939:69 CD 39396 357 26 ) ) -RRB- 39396 357 27 , , , 39396 357 28 160 160 CD 39396 357 29 - - SYM 39396 357 30 230 230 CD 39396 357 31 individuals individual NNS 39396 357 32 per per IN 39396 357 33 acre acre NN 39396 357 34 ( ( -LRB- 39396 357 35 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 357 36 , , , 39396 357 37 1937b:781 1937b:781 CD 39396 357 38 ) ) -RRB- 39396 357 39 and and CC 39396 357 40 67 67 CD 39396 357 41 individuals individual NNS 39396 357 42 per per IN 39396 357 43 acre acre NN 39396 357 44 ( ( -LRB- 39396 357 45 Townsend townsend NN 39396 357 46 , , , 39396 357 47 1935:97 1935:97 NNP 39396 357 48 ) ) -RRB- 39396 357 49 . . . 39396 358 1 Because because IN 39396 358 2 the the DT 39396 358 3 study study NN 39396 358 4 period period NN 39396 358 5 included include VBD 39396 358 6 one one CD 39396 358 7 period period NN 39396 358 8 of of IN 39396 358 9 unusually unusually RB 39396 358 10 high high JJ 39396 358 11 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 358 12 and and CC 39396 358 13 one one CD 39396 358 14 year year NN 39396 358 15 of of IN 39396 358 16 unusually unusually RB 39396 358 17 low low JJ 39396 358 18 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 358 19 , , , 39396 358 20 the the DT 39396 358 21 normal normal JJ 39396 358 22 pattern pattern NN 39396 358 23 of of IN 39396 358 24 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 358 25 variation variation NN 39396 358 26 of of IN 39396 358 27 population population NN 39396 358 28 density density NN 39396 358 29 was be VBD 39396 358 30 obscured obscure VBN 39396 358 31 . . . 39396 359 1 An an DT 39396 359 2 examination examination NN 39396 359 3 of of IN 39396 359 4 the the DT 39396 359 5 data datum NNS 39396 359 6 suggested suggest VBN 39396 359 7 , , , 39396 359 8 however however RB 39396 359 9 , , , 39396 359 10 that that IN 39396 359 11 the the DT 39396 359 12 greatest great JJS 39396 359 13 densities density NNS 39396 359 14 were be VBD 39396 359 15 reached reach VBN 39396 359 16 in in IN 39396 359 17 October October NNP 39396 359 18 and and CC 39396 359 19 November November NNP 39396 359 20 with with IN 39396 359 21 a a DT 39396 359 22 second second JJ 39396 359 23 high high JJ 39396 359 24 point point NN 39396 359 25 in in IN 39396 359 26 the the DT 39396 359 27 April April NNP 39396 359 28 - - HYPH 39396 359 29 May May NNP 39396 359 30 - - HYPH 39396 359 31 June June NNP 39396 359 32 period period NN 39396 359 33 . . . 39396 360 1 These these DT 39396 360 2 high high JJ 39396 360 3 points point NNS 39396 360 4 generally generally RB 39396 360 5 followed follow VBD 39396 360 6 the the DT 39396 360 7 periods period NNS 39396 360 8 of of IN 39396 360 9 high high JJ 39396 360 10 levels level NNS 39396 360 11 of of IN 39396 360 12 breeding breed VBG 39396 360 13 activity activity NN 39396 360 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 360 15 Fig fig NN 39396 360 16 . . . 39396 361 1 8) 8) CD 39396 361 2 . . . 39396 362 1 The the DT 39396 362 2 autumn autumn NN 39396 362 3 rise rise NN 39396 362 4 in in IN 39396 362 5 population population NN 39396 362 6 may may MD 39396 362 7 have have VB 39396 362 8 been be VBN 39396 362 9 due due JJ 39396 362 10 , , , 39396 362 11 in in IN 39396 362 12 part part NN 39396 362 13 , , , 39396 362 14 to to IN 39396 362 15 the the DT 39396 362 16 addition addition NN 39396 362 17 of of IN 39396 362 18 spring spring NN 39396 362 19 and and CC 39396 362 20 early early JJ 39396 362 21 summer summer NN 39396 362 22 litters litter NNS 39396 362 23 to to IN 39396 362 24 the the DT 39396 362 25 breeding breeding NN 39396 362 26 population population NN 39396 362 27 , , , 39396 362 28 but but CC 39396 362 29 the the DT 39396 362 30 rise rise NN 39396 362 31 occurred occur VBD 39396 362 32 too too RB 39396 362 33 late late RB 39396 362 34 in in IN 39396 362 35 the the DT 39396 362 36 year year NN 39396 362 37 to to TO 39396 362 38 be be VB 39396 362 39 explained explain VBN 39396 362 40 by by IN 39396 362 41 that that DT 39396 362 42 alone alone JJ 39396 362 43 . . . 39396 363 1 Another another DT 39396 363 2 factor factor NN 39396 363 3 may may MD 39396 363 4 have have VB 39396 363 5 been be VBN 39396 363 6 the the DT 39396 363 7 spurt spurt NN 39396 363 8 in in IN 39396 363 9 growth growth NN 39396 363 10 of of IN 39396 363 11 grasses grass NNS 39396 363 12 occurring occur VBG 39396 363 13 in in IN 39396 363 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 363 15 in in IN 39396 363 16 early early JJ 39396 363 17 autumn autumn NN 39396 363 18 , , , 39396 363 19 in in IN 39396 363 20 September September NNP 39396 363 21 and and CC 39396 363 22 October October NNP 39396 363 23 . . . 39396 364 1 There there EX 39396 364 2 was be VBD 39396 364 3 a a DT 39396 364 4 seeming seeming JJ 39396 364 5 correlation correlation NN 39396 364 6 between between IN 39396 364 7 high high JJ 39396 364 8 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 364 9 with with IN 39396 364 10 rapid rapid JJ 39396 364 11 growth growth NN 39396 364 12 of of IN 39396 364 13 grasses grass NNS 39396 364 14 and and CC 39396 364 15 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 364 16 activity activity NN 39396 364 17 , , , 39396 364 18 and and CC 39396 364 19 , , , 39396 364 20 secondarily secondarily RB 39396 364 21 with with IN 39396 364 22 high high JJ 39396 364 23 population population NN 39396 364 24 densities density NNS 39396 364 25 of of IN 39396 364 26 voles vole NNS 39396 364 27 . . . 39396 365 1 These these DT 39396 365 2 relationships relationship NNS 39396 365 3 are be VBP 39396 365 4 discussed discuss VBN 39396 365 5 in in IN 39396 365 6 connection connection NN 39396 365 7 with with IN 39396 365 8 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 365 9 . . . 39396 366 1 Lowest low JJS 39396 366 2 annual annual JJ 39396 366 3 densities density NNS 39396 366 4 were be VBD 39396 366 5 found find VBN 39396 366 6 to to TO 39396 366 7 occur occur VB 39396 366 8 in in IN 39396 366 9 January January NNP 39396 366 10 when when WRB 39396 366 11 there there EX 39396 366 12 is be VBZ 39396 366 13 but but CC 39396 366 14 little little JJ 39396 366 15 breeding breeding NN 39396 366 16 activity activity NN 39396 366 17 and and CC 39396 366 18 when when WRB 39396 366 19 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 366 20 is be VBZ 39396 366 21 low low JJ 39396 366 22 and and CC 39396 366 23 plant plant NN 39396 366 24 growth growth NN 39396 366 25 has have VBZ 39396 366 26 ceased cease VBN 39396 366 27 . . . 39396 367 1 Marked mark VBN 39396 367 2 deviation deviation NN 39396 367 3 from from IN 39396 367 4 the the DT 39396 367 5 usual usual JJ 39396 367 6 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 367 7 trends trend NNS 39396 367 8 accompanied accompany VBD 39396 367 9 flood flood NN 39396 367 10 and and CC 39396 367 11 drought drought NN 39396 367 12 . . . 39396 368 1 In in IN 39396 368 2 the the DT 39396 368 3 flood flood NN 39396 368 4 of of IN 39396 368 5 July July NNP 39396 368 6 , , , 39396 368 7 1951 1951 CD 39396 368 8 , , , 39396 368 9 although although IN 39396 368 10 the the DT 39396 368 11 study study NN 39396 368 12 areas area NNS 39396 368 13 were be VBD 39396 368 14 not not RB 39396 368 15 inundated inundate VBN 39396 368 16 , , , 39396 368 17 the the DT 39396 368 18 ground ground NN 39396 368 19 was be VBD 39396 368 20 saturated saturate VBN 39396 368 21 to to IN 39396 368 22 the the DT 39396 368 23 extent extent NN 39396 368 24 that that IN 39396 368 25 every every DT 39396 368 26 footprint footprint NN 39396 368 27 at at IN 39396 368 28 once once RB 39396 368 29 became become VBD 39396 368 30 a a DT 39396 368 31 puddle puddle NN 39396 368 32 . . . 39396 369 1 Immediately immediately RB 39396 369 2 after after IN 39396 369 3 the the DT 39396 369 4 floods flood NNS 39396 369 5 , , , 39396 369 6 on on IN 39396 369 7 all all DT 39396 369 8 three three CD 39396 369 9 areas area NNS 39396 369 10 studied study VBN 39396 369 11 , , , 39396 369 12 populations population NNS 39396 369 13 were be VBD 39396 369 14 found find VBN 39396 369 15 to to TO 39396 369 16 have have VB 39396 369 17 been be VBN 39396 369 18 drastically drastically RB 39396 369 19 reduced reduce VBN 39396 369 20 . . . 39396 370 1 The the DT 39396 370 2 effect effect NN 39396 370 3 was be VBD 39396 370 4 most most RBS 39396 370 5 severe severe JJ 39396 370 6 on on IN 39396 370 7 the the DT 39396 370 8 population population NN 39396 370 9 of of IN 39396 370 10 House House NNP 39396 370 11 Field Field NNP 39396 370 12 , , , 39396 370 13 the the DT 39396 370 14 lowest low JJS 39396 370 15 area area NN 39396 370 16 studied study VBD 39396 370 17 , , , 39396 370 18 and and CC 39396 370 19 the the DT 39396 370 20 recovery recovery NN 39396 370 21 of of IN 39396 370 22 the the DT 39396 370 23 population population NN 39396 370 24 there there EX 39396 370 25 was be VBD 39396 370 26 much much RB 39396 370 27 slower slow JJR 39396 370 28 than than IN 39396 370 29 that that DT 39396 370 30 of of IN 39396 370 31 those those DT 39396 370 32 on on IN 39396 370 33 the the DT 39396 370 34 other other JJ 39396 370 35 study study NN 39396 370 36 areas area NNS 39396 370 37 ( ( -LRB- 39396 370 38 Fig fig NN 39396 370 39 . . . 39396 371 1 5 5 LS 39396 371 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 371 3 . . . 39396 372 1 Newborn newborn JJ 39396 372 2 voles vole NNS 39396 372 3 were be VBD 39396 372 4 killed kill VBN 39396 372 5 by by IN 39396 372 6 the the DT 39396 372 7 saturated saturate VBN 39396 372 8 condition condition NN 39396 372 9 of of IN 39396 372 10 the the DT 39396 372 11 ground ground NN 39396 372 12 in in IN 39396 372 13 which which WDT 39396 372 14 they -PRON- PRP 39396 372 15 lay lay VBP 39396 372 16 . . . 39396 373 1 The the DT 39396 373 2 more more RBR 39396 373 3 precocious precocious JJ 39396 373 4 young young JJ 39396 373 5 of of IN 39396 373 6 _ _ NNP 39396 373 7 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 373 8 hispidus hispidus NN 39396 373 9 _ _ NNP 39396 373 10 survived survive VBD 39396 373 11 wetting wetting NN 39396 373 12 better well RBR 39396 373 13 . . . 39396 374 1 They -PRON- PRP 39396 374 2 thus thus RB 39396 374 3 acquired acquire VBD 39396 374 4 an an DT 39396 374 5 advantage advantage NN 39396 374 6 in in IN 39396 374 7 the the DT 39396 374 8 competitive competitive JJ 39396 374 9 relationship relationship NN 39396 374 10 between between IN 39396 374 11 cotton cotton NN 39396 374 12 rats rat NNS 39396 374 13 and and CC 39396 374 14 voles vole NNS 39396 374 15 . . . 39396 375 1 These these DT 39396 375 2 relationships relationship NNS 39396 375 3 are be VBP 39396 375 4 discussed discuss VBN 39396 375 5 more more RBR 39396 375 6 fully fully RB 39396 375 7 in in IN 39396 375 8 the the DT 39396 375 9 section section NN 39396 375 10 on on IN 39396 375 11 mammalian mammalian JJ 39396 375 12 associates associate NNS 39396 375 13 of of IN 39396 375 14 _ _ NNP 39396 375 15 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 375 16 _ _ NNP 39396 375 17 . . . 39396 376 1 Adverse adverse JJ 39396 376 2 effects effect NNS 39396 376 3 of of IN 39396 376 4 heavy heavy JJ 39396 376 5 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 376 6 on on IN 39396 376 7 populations population NNS 39396 376 8 of of IN 39396 376 9 small small JJ 39396 376 10 mammals mammal NNS 39396 376 11 have have VBP 39396 376 12 been be VBN 39396 376 13 reported report VBN 39396 376 14 by by IN 39396 376 15 Blair Blair NNP 39396 376 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 376 17 1939 1939 CD 39396 376 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 376 19 and and CC 39396 376 20 others other NNS 39396 376 21 . . . 39396 377 1 Goodpastor goodpastor NN 39396 377 2 and and CC 39396 377 3 Hoffmeister Hoffmeister NNP 39396 377 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 377 5 1952:370 1952:370 CD 39396 377 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 377 7 reported report VBD 39396 377 8 that that IN 39396 377 9 inundation inundation NN 39396 377 10 sharply sharply RB 39396 377 11 reduced reduce VBD 39396 377 12 populations population NNS 39396 377 13 of of IN 39396 377 14 _ _ NNP 39396 377 15 M. M. NNP 39396 378 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 378 2 _ _ NNP 39396 378 3 for for IN 39396 378 4 a a DT 39396 378 5 year year NN 39396 378 6 after after IN 39396 378 7 flooding flooding NN 39396 378 8 but but CC 39396 378 9 that that IN 39396 378 10 the the DT 39396 378 11 area area NN 39396 378 12 was be VBD 39396 378 13 then then RB 39396 378 14 reoccupied reoccupie VBN 39396 378 15 by by IN 39396 378 16 a a DT 39396 378 17 large large JJ 39396 378 18 population population NN 39396 378 19 of of IN 39396 378 20 voles vole NNS 39396 378 21 . . . 39396 379 1 Such such PDT 39396 379 2 a a DT 39396 379 3 reoccupation reoccupation NN 39396 379 4 may may MD 39396 379 5 have have VB 39396 379 6 begun begin VBN 39396 379 7 on on IN 39396 379 8 the the DT 39396 379 9 areas area NNS 39396 379 10 of of IN 39396 379 11 this this DT 39396 379 12 study study NN 39396 379 13 in in IN 39396 379 14 the the DT 39396 379 15 spring spring NN 39396 379 16 of of IN 39396 379 17 1952 1952 CD 39396 379 18 when when WRB 39396 379 19 the the DT 39396 379 20 upward upward JJ 39396 379 21 trend trend NN 39396 379 22 of of IN 39396 379 23 the the DT 39396 379 24 population population NN 39396 379 25 was be VBD 39396 379 26 abruptly abruptly RB 39396 379 27 reversed reverse VBN 39396 379 28 by by IN 39396 379 29 drought drought NN 39396 379 30 . . . 39396 380 1 While while IN 39396 380 2 cotton cotton NN 39396 380 3 rats rat NNS 39396 380 4 were be VBD 39396 380 5 abundant abundant JJ 39396 380 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 380 7 competition competition NN 39396 380 8 may may MD 39396 380 9 have have VB 39396 380 10 been be VBN 39396 380 11 an an DT 39396 380 12 important important JJ 39396 380 13 factor factor NN 39396 380 14 in in IN 39396 380 15 depressing depress VBG 39396 380 16 population population NN 39396 380 17 levels level NNS 39396 380 18 of of IN 39396 380 19 voles vole NNS 39396 380 20 . . . 39396 381 1 The the DT 39396 381 2 population population NN 39396 381 3 of of IN 39396 381 4 voles vole NNS 39396 381 5 began begin VBD 39396 381 6 to to TO 39396 381 7 rise rise VB 39396 381 8 only only RB 39396 381 9 after after IN 39396 381 10 the the DT 39396 381 11 population population NN 39396 381 12 of of IN 39396 381 13 cotton cotton NN 39396 381 14 rats rat NNS 39396 381 15 had have VBD 39396 381 16 decreased decrease VBN 39396 381 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 381 18 Fig fig NN 39396 381 19 . . . 39396 382 1 19 19 CD 39396 382 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 382 3 . . . 39396 383 1 In in IN 39396 383 2 the the DT 39396 383 3 unusually unusually RB 39396 383 4 dry dry JJ 39396 383 5 summer summer NN 39396 383 6 of of IN 39396 383 7 1952 1952 CD 39396 383 8 , , , 39396 383 9 there there EX 39396 383 10 was be VBD 39396 383 11 a a DT 39396 383 12 marked marked JJ 39396 383 13 decline decline NN 39396 383 14 of of IN 39396 383 15 population population NN 39396 383 16 levels level NNS 39396 383 17 beginning begin VBG 39396 383 18 in in IN 39396 383 19 June June NNP 39396 383 20 and and CC 39396 383 21 continuing continue VBG 39396 383 22 to to IN 39396 383 23 August August NNP 39396 383 24 when when WRB 39396 383 25 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 383 26 field field NN 39396 383 27 work work NN 39396 383 28 was be VBD 39396 383 29 terminated terminate VBN 39396 383 30 . . . 39396 384 1 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 384 2 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 384 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 384 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 384 5 , , , 39396 384 6 _ _ NNP 39396 384 7 in in IN 39396 384 8 litt litt NNP 39396 384 9 . . . 39396 384 10 _ _ NNP 39396 384 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 384 12 informed inform VBD 39396 384 13 me -PRON- PRP 39396 384 14 that that IN 39396 384 15 the the DT 39396 384 16 decline decline NN 39396 384 17 continued continue VBD 39396 384 18 through through IN 39396 384 19 the the DT 39396 384 20 winter winter NN 39396 384 21 of of IN 39396 384 22 1952 1952 CD 39396 384 23 - - SYM 39396 384 24 53 53 CD 39396 384 25 and and CC 39396 384 26 into into IN 39396 384 27 the the DT 39396 384 28 summer summer NN 39396 384 29 of of IN 39396 384 30 1953 1953 CD 39396 384 31 , , , 39396 384 32 until until IN 39396 384 33 daily daily JJ 39396 384 34 catches catch NNS 39396 384 35 of of IN 39396 384 36 _ _ NNP 39396 384 37 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 384 38 _ _ NNP 39396 384 39 on on IN 39396 384 40 the the DT 39396 384 41 Reservation reservation NN 39396 384 42 were be VBD 39396 384 43 reduced reduce VBN 39396 384 44 to to IN 39396 384 45 2 2 CD 39396 384 46 - - SYM 39396 384 47 10 10 CD 39396 384 48 per per NN 39396 384 49 cent cent NN 39396 384 50 of of IN 39396 384 51 the the DT 39396 384 52 number number NN 39396 384 53 caught catch VBN 39396 384 54 on on IN 39396 384 55 the the DT 39396 384 56 same same JJ 39396 384 57 trap trap NN 39396 384 58 lines line NNS 39396 384 59 in in IN 39396 384 60 the the DT 39396 384 61 summer summer NN 39396 384 62 of of IN 39396 384 63 1951 1951 CD 39396 384 64 . . . 39396 385 1 The the DT 39396 385 2 drought drought NN 39396 385 3 seemed seem VBD 39396 385 4 to to TO 39396 385 5 affect affect VB 39396 385 6 population population NN 39396 385 7 levels level NNS 39396 385 8 by by IN 39396 385 9 inhibiting inhibit VBG 39396 385 10 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 385 11 , , , 39396 385 12 as as IN 39396 385 13 described describe VBN 39396 385 14 elsewhere elsewhere RB 39396 385 15 in in IN 39396 385 16 this this DT 39396 385 17 report report NN 39396 385 18 . . . 39396 386 1 A a DT 39396 386 2 similar similar JJ 39396 386 3 sensitivity sensitivity NN 39396 386 4 to to IN 39396 386 5 drought drought NN 39396 386 6 was be VBD 39396 386 7 reported report VBN 39396 386 8 by by IN 39396 386 9 Wooster Wooster NNP 39396 386 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 386 11 1935:352 1935:352 CD 39396 386 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 386 13 who who WP 39396 386 14 found find VBD 39396 386 15 _ _ NNP 39396 386 16 M. M. NNP 39396 387 1 o. o. NNP 39396 387 2 haydeni haydeni NNP 39396 387 3 _ _ NNP 39396 387 4 decreased decrease VBD 39396 387 5 more more JJR 39396 387 6 than than IN 39396 387 7 any any DT 39396 387 8 other other JJ 39396 387 9 species specie NNS 39396 387 10 of of IN 39396 387 11 small small JJ 39396 387 12 mammal mammal NN 39396 387 13 after after IN 39396 387 14 the the DT 39396 387 15 great great JJ 39396 387 16 drought drought NN 39396 387 17 of of IN 39396 387 18 the the DT 39396 387 19 thirties thirty NNS 39396 387 20 . . . 39396 388 1 No no DT 39396 388 2 evidence evidence NN 39396 388 3 of of IN 39396 388 4 cycles cycle NNS 39396 388 5 in in IN 39396 388 6 _ _ NNP 39396 388 7 M. M. NNP 39396 389 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 389 2 _ _ NNP 39396 389 3 was be VBD 39396 389 4 observed observe VBN 39396 389 5 in in IN 39396 389 6 this this DT 39396 389 7 investigation investigation NN 39396 389 8 . . . 39396 390 1 All all DT 39396 390 2 of of IN 39396 390 3 the the DT 39396 390 4 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 39396 390 5 noted note VBN 39396 390 6 were be VBD 39396 390 7 adequately adequately RB 39396 390 8 explained explain VBN 39396 390 9 as as IN 39396 390 10 resulting result VBG 39396 390 11 from from IN 39396 390 12 the the DT 39396 390 13 direct direct JJ 39396 390 14 effects effect NNS 39396 390 15 of of IN 39396 390 16 weather weather NN 39396 390 17 or or CC 39396 390 18 from from IN 39396 390 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 390 20 indirect indirect JJ 39396 390 21 effect effect NN 39396 390 22 in in IN 39396 390 23 determining determine VBG 39396 390 24 the the DT 39396 390 25 kinds kind NNS 39396 390 26 and and CC 39396 390 27 amounts amount NNS 39396 390 28 of of IN 39396 390 29 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 390 30 available available JJ 39396 390 31 as as IN 39396 390 32 food food NN 39396 390 33 and and CC 39396 390 34 shelter shelter NN 39396 390 35 . . . 39396 391 1 The the DT 39396 391 2 differences difference NNS 39396 391 3 in in IN 39396 391 4 densities density NNS 39396 391 5 supported support VBN 39396 391 6 by by IN 39396 391 7 the the DT 39396 391 8 various various JJ 39396 391 9 habitats habitat NNS 39396 391 10 were be VBD 39396 391 11 discussed discuss VBN 39396 391 12 earlier early RBR 39396 391 13 in in IN 39396 391 14 connection connection NN 39396 391 15 with with IN 39396 391 16 the the DT 39396 391 17 analysis analysis NN 39396 391 18 of of IN 39396 391 19 habitats habitat NNS 39396 391 20 . . . 39396 392 1 HOME home NN 39396 392 2 RANGE RANGE NNP 39396 392 3 Home home NN 39396 392 4 ranges range NNS 39396 392 5 were be VBD 39396 392 6 calculated calculate VBN 39396 392 7 for for IN 39396 392 8 individual individual JJ 39396 392 9 voles vole NNS 39396 392 10 according accord VBG 39396 392 11 to to IN 39396 392 12 the the DT 39396 392 13 method method NN 39396 392 14 described describe VBN 39396 392 15 by by IN 39396 392 16 Blair Blair NNP 39396 392 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 392 18 1940:149 1940:149 CD 39396 392 19 - - SYM 39396 392 20 150 150 CD 39396 392 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 392 22 . . . 39396 393 1 The the DT 39396 393 2 term term NN 39396 393 3 , , , 39396 393 4 home home NN 39396 393 5 range range NN 39396 393 6 , , , 39396 393 7 is be VBZ 39396 393 8 used use VBN 39396 393 9 as as IN 39396 393 10 defined define VBN 39396 393 11 by by IN 39396 393 12 Burt Burt NNP 39396 393 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 393 14 1943:350 1943:350 CD 39396 393 15 - - SYM 39396 393 16 351 351 CD 39396 393 17 ) ) -RRB- 39396 393 18 . . . 39396 394 1 Only only RB 39396 394 2 those those DT 39396 394 3 voles vole NNS 39396 394 4 captured capture VBN 39396 394 5 at at IN 39396 394 6 least least JJS 39396 394 7 four four CD 39396 394 8 times time NNS 39396 394 9 were be VBD 39396 394 10 used use VBN 39396 394 11 for for IN 39396 394 12 the the DT 39396 394 13 home home NN 39396 394 14 range range NN 39396 394 15 studies study NNS 39396 394 16 . . . 39396 395 1 Individuals individual NNS 39396 395 2 which which WDT 39396 395 3 included include VBD 39396 395 4 the the DT 39396 395 5 edge edge NN 39396 395 6 of of IN 39396 395 7 the the DT 39396 395 8 trap trap NN 39396 395 9 grid grid NN 39396 395 10 in in IN 39396 395 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 395 12 range range NN 39396 395 13 were be VBD 39396 395 14 excluded exclude VBN 39396 395 15 unless unless IN 39396 395 16 a a DT 39396 395 17 barrier barrier NN 39396 395 18 existed exist VBD 39396 395 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 395 20 see see VB 39396 395 21 description description NN 39396 395 22 of of IN 39396 395 23 habitat habitat NN 39396 395 24 ) ) -RRB- 39396 395 25 confining confine VBG 39396 395 26 the the DT 39396 395 27 seeming seeming JJ 39396 395 28 range range NN 39396 395 29 to to IN 39396 395 30 the the DT 39396 395 31 study study NN 39396 395 32 area area NN 39396 395 33 . . . 39396 396 1 The the DT 39396 396 2 validity validity NN 39396 396 3 of of IN 39396 396 4 home home NN 39396 396 5 range range NN 39396 396 6 calculations calculation NNS 39396 396 7 has have VBZ 39396 396 8 been be VBN 39396 396 9 challenged challenge VBN 39396 396 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 396 11 Hayne Hayne NNP 39396 396 12 , , , 39396 396 13 1950:39 1950:39 CD 39396 396 14 ) ) -RRB- 39396 396 15 and and CC 39396 396 16 special special JJ 39396 396 17 methods method NNS 39396 396 18 of of IN 39396 396 19 determining determine VBG 39396 396 20 home home NN 39396 396 21 range range NN 39396 396 22 have have VBP 39396 396 23 been be VBN 39396 396 24 advocated advocate VBN 39396 396 25 by by IN 39396 396 26 a a DT 39396 396 27 number number NN 39396 396 28 of of IN 39396 396 29 authors author NNS 39396 396 30 . . . 39396 397 1 The the DT 39396 397 2 ranges range NNS 39396 397 3 calculated calculate VBN 39396 397 4 in in IN 39396 397 5 this this DT 39396 397 6 study study NN 39396 397 7 are be VBP 39396 397 8 assumed assume VBN 39396 397 9 to to TO 39396 397 10 approximate approximate VB 39396 397 11 the the DT 39396 397 12 actual actual JJ 39396 397 13 areas area NNS 39396 397 14 used use VBN 39396 397 15 by by IN 39396 397 16 individuals individual NNS 39396 397 17 and and CC 39396 397 18 are be VBP 39396 397 19 considered consider VBN 39396 397 20 useful useful JJ 39396 397 21 for for IN 39396 397 22 comparison comparison NN 39396 397 23 with with IN 39396 397 24 other other JJ 39396 397 25 ranges range NNS 39396 397 26 calculated calculate VBN 39396 397 27 by by IN 39396 397 28 similar similar JJ 39396 397 29 methods method NNS 39396 397 30 , , , 39396 397 31 but but CC 39396 397 32 no no DT 39396 397 33 claim claim NN 39396 397 34 to to IN 39396 397 35 exactness exactness NN 39396 397 36 is be VBZ 39396 397 37 intended intend VBN 39396 397 38 . . . 39396 398 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 398 2 is be VBZ 39396 398 3 obvious obvious JJ 39396 398 4 , , , 39396 398 5 for for IN 39396 398 6 instance instance NN 39396 398 7 , , , 39396 398 8 that that IN 39396 398 9 many many JJ 39396 398 10 plotted plot VBD 39396 398 11 ranges range NNS 39396 398 12 contain contain VBP 39396 398 13 so so RB 39396 398 14 - - HYPH 39396 398 15 called call VBN 39396 398 16 blank blank JJ 39396 398 17 areas area NNS 39396 398 18 which which WDT 39396 398 19 , , , 39396 398 20 at at IN 39396 398 21 times time NNS 39396 398 22 , , , 39396 398 23 are be VBP 39396 398 24 not not RB 39396 398 25 actually actually RB 39396 398 26 used use VBN 39396 398 27 by by IN 39396 398 28 any any DT 39396 398 29 vole vole NNP 39396 398 30 ( ( -LRB- 39396 398 31 Elton Elton NNP 39396 398 32 , , , 39396 398 33 1949:8 1949:8 CD 39396 398 34 ; ; : 39396 398 35 Mohr Mohr NNP 39396 398 36 , , , 39396 398 37 1943:553 1943:553 CD 39396 398 38 ) ) -RRB- 39396 398 39 . . . 39396 399 1 Studies study NNS 39396 399 2 of of IN 39396 399 3 the the DT 39396 399 4 movements movement NNS 39396 399 5 of of IN 39396 399 6 mammals mammal NNS 39396 399 7 on on IN 39396 399 8 a a DT 39396 399 9 more more RBR 39396 399 10 detailed detailed JJ 39396 399 11 scale scale NN 39396 399 12 , , , 39396 399 13 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 399 14 by by IN 39396 399 15 live live JJ 39396 399 16 - - HYPH 39396 399 17 traps trap NNS 39396 399 18 set set NN 39396 399 19 at at IN 39396 399 20 shorter short JJR 39396 399 21 intervals interval NNS 39396 399 22 and and CC 39396 399 23 moved move VBD 39396 399 24 frequently frequently RB 39396 399 25 , , , 39396 399 26 are be VBP 39396 399 27 needed need VBN 39396 399 28 to to TO 39396 399 29 increase increase VB 39396 399 30 our -PRON- PRP$ 39396 399 31 understanding understanding NN 39396 399 32 of of IN 39396 399 33 home home NN 39396 399 34 range range NN 39396 399 35 . . . 39396 400 1 In in IN 39396 400 2 order order NN 39396 400 3 to to TO 39396 400 4 test test VB 39396 400 5 the the DT 39396 400 6 reliability reliability NN 39396 400 7 of of IN 39396 400 8 the the DT 39396 400 9 range range NN 39396 400 10 calculated calculate VBN 39396 400 11 , , , 39396 400 12 an an DT 39396 400 13 examination examination NN 39396 400 14 of of IN 39396 400 15 the the DT 39396 400 16 relationship relationship NN 39396 400 17 between between IN 39396 400 18 the the DT 39396 400 19 size size NN 39396 400 20 of of IN 39396 400 21 the the DT 39396 400 22 seeming seeming JJ 39396 400 23 range range NN 39396 400 24 and and CC 39396 400 25 the the DT 39396 400 26 number number NN 39396 400 27 of of IN 39396 400 28 captures capture NNS 39396 400 29 was be VBD 39396 400 30 made make VBN 39396 400 31 . . . 39396 401 1 For for IN 39396 401 2 the the DT 39396 401 3 first first JJ 39396 401 4 three three CD 39396 401 5 months month NNS 39396 401 6 , , , 39396 401 7 trapping trap VBG 39396 401 8 on on IN 39396 401 9 House House NNP 39396 401 10 Field Field NNP 39396 401 11 was be VBD 39396 401 12 done do VBN 39396 401 13 with with IN 39396 401 14 a a DT 39396 401 15 20 20 CD 39396 401 16 foot foot NN 39396 401 17 grid grid NN 39396 401 18 and and CC 39396 401 19 throughout throughout IN 39396 401 20 the the DT 39396 401 21 remainder remainder NN 39396 401 22 of of IN 39396 401 23 the the DT 39396 401 24 study study NN 39396 401 25 a a DT 39396 401 26 30 30 CD 39396 401 27 foot foot NN 39396 401 28 grid grid NN 39396 401 29 was be VBD 39396 401 30 used use VBN 39396 401 31 . . . 39396 402 1 The the DT 39396 402 2 effect effect NN 39396 402 3 of of IN 39396 402 4 these these DT 39396 402 5 different different JJ 39396 402 6 spacings spacing NNS 39396 402 7 on on IN 39396 402 8 the the DT 39396 402 9 size size NN 39396 402 10 of of IN 39396 402 11 the the DT 39396 402 12 seeming seeming JJ 39396 402 13 home home NN 39396 402 14 range range NN 39396 402 15 was be VBD 39396 402 16 also also RB 39396 402 17 investigated investigate VBN 39396 402 18 . . . 39396 403 1 Hayne Hayne NNP 39396 403 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 403 3 1950:38 1950:38 CD 39396 403 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 403 5 found find VBD 39396 403 6 that that IN 39396 403 7 an an DT 39396 403 8 increase increase NN 39396 403 9 in in IN 39396 403 10 the the DT 39396 403 11 distance distance NN 39396 403 12 between between IN 39396 403 13 traps trap NNS 39396 403 14 caused cause VBD 39396 403 15 an an DT 39396 403 16 increase increase NN 39396 403 17 in in IN 39396 403 18 the the DT 39396 403 19 size size NN 39396 403 20 of of IN 39396 403 21 the the DT 39396 403 22 seeming seeming JJ 39396 403 23 home home NN 39396 403 24 range range NN 39396 403 25 , , , 39396 403 26 but but CC 39396 403 27 in in IN 39396 403 28 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 403 29 study study NN 39396 403 30 the the DT 39396 403 31 increased increase VBN 39396 403 32 interval interval NN 39396 403 33 between between IN 39396 403 34 traps trap NNS 39396 403 35 was be VBD 39396 403 36 not not RB 39396 403 37 accompanied accompany VBN 39396 403 38 by by IN 39396 403 39 any any DT 39396 403 40 change change NN 39396 403 41 in in IN 39396 403 42 the the DT 39396 403 43 sizes size NNS 39396 403 44 of of IN 39396 403 45 the the DT 39396 403 46 calculated calculated JJ 39396 403 47 ranges range NNS 39396 403 48 . . . 39396 404 1 The the DT 39396 404 2 number number NN 39396 404 3 of of IN 39396 404 4 captures capture NNS 39396 404 5 , , , 39396 404 6 above above IN 39396 404 7 the the DT 39396 404 8 minimum minimum NN 39396 404 9 of of IN 39396 404 10 four four CD 39396 404 11 , , , 39396 404 12 did do VBD 39396 404 13 not not RB 39396 404 14 seem seem VB 39396 404 15 to to TO 39396 404 16 be be VB 39396 404 17 a a DT 39396 404 18 factor factor NN 39396 404 19 in in IN 39396 404 20 determining determine VBG 39396 404 21 the the DT 39396 404 22 size size NN 39396 404 23 of of IN 39396 404 24 the the DT 39396 404 25 calculated calculated JJ 39396 404 26 monthly monthly JJ 39396 404 27 range range NN 39396 404 28 . . . 39396 405 1 A a DT 39396 405 2 seeming seeming JJ 39396 405 3 relationship relationship NN 39396 405 4 was be VBD 39396 405 5 observed observe VBN 39396 405 6 between between IN 39396 405 7 the the DT 39396 405 8 number number NN 39396 405 9 of of IN 39396 405 10 times time NNS 39396 405 11 an an DT 39396 405 12 individual individual NN 39396 405 13 was be VBD 39396 405 14 trapped trap VBN 39396 405 15 and and CC 39396 405 16 the the DT 39396 405 17 total total JJ 39396 405 18 area area NN 39396 405 19 used use VBN 39396 405 20 during during IN 39396 405 21 the the DT 39396 405 22 entire entire JJ 39396 405 23 time time NN 39396 405 24 the the DT 39396 405 25 vole vole NNP 39396 405 26 was be VBD 39396 405 27 trapped trap VBN 39396 405 28 . . . 39396 406 1 Closer close JJR 39396 406 2 examination examination NN 39396 406 3 revealed reveal VBD 39396 406 4 that that IN 39396 406 5 the the DT 39396 406 6 most most RBS 39396 406 7 important important JJ 39396 406 8 factor factor NN 39396 406 9 was be VBD 39396 406 10 the the DT 39396 406 11 length length NN 39396 406 12 of of IN 39396 406 13 time time NN 39396 406 14 over over IN 39396 406 15 which which WDT 39396 406 16 the the DT 39396 406 17 vole vole NNP 39396 406 18 's 's POS 39396 406 19 captures capture NNS 39396 406 20 extended extend VBD 39396 406 21 . . . 39396 407 1 Table table NN 39396 407 2 2 2 CD 39396 407 3 shows show VBZ 39396 407 4 the the DT 39396 407 5 progressive progressive JJ 39396 407 6 increase increase NN 39396 407 7 in in IN 39396 407 8 sizes size NNS 39396 407 9 of of IN 39396 407 10 the the DT 39396 407 11 mean mean JJ 39396 407 12 range range NN 39396 407 13 of of IN 39396 407 14 animals animal NNS 39396 407 15 taken take VBN 39396 407 16 over over IN 39396 407 17 periods period NNS 39396 407 18 of of IN 39396 407 19 time time NN 39396 407 20 from from IN 39396 407 21 one one CD 39396 407 22 month month NN 39396 407 23 to to IN 39396 407 24 ten ten CD 39396 407 25 months month NNS 39396 407 26 . . . 39396 408 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 39396 408 2 2 2 CD 39396 408 3 . . . 39396 409 1 RELATIONSHIP RELATIONSHIP NNP 39396 409 2 BETWEEN between IN 39396 409 3 HOME home NN 39396 409 4 RANGE RANGE NNS 39396 409 5 SIZE size NN 39396 409 6 AND and CC 39396 409 7 LENGTH LENGTH NNP 39396 409 8 OF of IN 39396 409 9 TIME time NN 39396 409 10 ON on IN 39396 409 11 THE the DT 39396 409 12 STUDY STUDY NNP 39396 409 13 AREA area NN 39396 409 14 = = SYM 39396 409 15 = = SYM 39396 409 16 = = SYM 39396 409 17 = = SYM 39396 409 18 = = SYM 39396 409 19 = = SYM 39396 409 20 = = SYM 39396 409 21 = = SYM 39396 409 22 = = SYM 39396 409 23 = = SYM 39396 409 24 = = SYM 39396 409 25 = = SYM 39396 409 26 = = SYM 39396 409 27 = = SYM 39396 409 28 = = SYM 39396 409 29 = = SYM 39396 409 30 = = SYM 39396 409 31 = = SYM 39396 409 32 = = SYM 39396 409 33 = = SYM 39396 409 34 = = SYM 39396 409 35 = = SYM 39396 409 36 = = SYM 39396 409 37 = = SYM 39396 409 38 = = SYM 39396 409 39 = = SYM 39396 409 40 = = SYM 39396 409 41 = = SYM 39396 409 42 = = SYM 39396 409 43 = = SYM 39396 409 44 = = SYM 39396 409 45 = = SYM 39396 409 46 = = SYM 39396 409 47 = = SYM 39396 409 48 = = SYM 39396 409 49 = = SYM 39396 409 50 = = SYM 39396 409 51 = = SYM 39396 409 52 = = SYM 39396 409 53 = = SYM 39396 409 54 = = SYM 39396 409 55 = = SYM 39396 409 56 = = SYM 39396 409 57 = = SYM 39396 409 58 = = SYM 39396 409 59 = = SYM 39396 409 60 = = SYM 39396 409 61 = = SYM 39396 409 62 = = SYM 39396 409 63 = = SYM 39396 409 64 = = SYM 39396 409 65 = = SYM 39396 409 66 = = SYM 39396 409 67 = = SYM 39396 409 68 = = SYM 39396 409 69 = = SYM 39396 409 70 = = SYM 39396 409 71 = = SYM 39396 409 72 = = SYM 39396 409 73 = = SYM 39396 409 74 = = SYM 39396 409 75 = = SYM 39396 409 76 = = SYM 39396 409 77 = = SYM 39396 409 78 = = SYM 39396 409 79 = = SYM 39396 409 80 = = SYM 39396 409 81 = = SYM 39396 409 82 = = NFP 39396 409 83 = = NFP 39396 409 84 No no UH 39396 409 85 . . . 39396 410 1 months month NNS 39396 410 2 on on IN 39396 410 3 area area NN 39396 410 4 1 1 CD 39396 410 5 2 2 CD 39396 410 6 3 3 CD 39396 410 7 4 4 CD 39396 410 8 5 5 CD 39396 410 9 6 6 CD 39396 410 10 7 7 CD 39396 410 11 8 8 CD 39396 410 12 9 9 CD 39396 410 13 10 10 CD 39396 410 14 Mean Mean NNP 39396 410 15 range range NN 39396 410 16 in in IN 39396 410 17 acres acres NNP 39396 410 18 .09 .09 . 39396 410 19 .09 .09 CD 39396 410 20 .10 .10 CD 39396 410 21 .14 .14 CD 39396 410 22 .13 .13 CD 39396 410 23 .17 .17 CD 39396 410 24 .22 .22 NFP 39396 410 25 .22 .22 CD 39396 410 26 .26 .26 NFP 39396 410 27 .24 .24 NFP 39396 410 28 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 410 29 Nothing nothing NN 39396 410 30 concerning concern VBG 39396 410 31 the the DT 39396 410 32 home home NN 39396 410 33 range range NN 39396 410 34 of of IN 39396 410 35 _ _ NNP 39396 410 36 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 410 37 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 410 38 _ _ NNP 39396 410 39 was be VBD 39396 410 40 found find VBN 39396 410 41 in in IN 39396 410 42 the the DT 39396 410 43 literature literature NN 39396 410 44 . . . 39396 411 1 Several several JJ 39396 411 2 workers worker NNS 39396 411 3 , , , 39396 411 4 including include VBG 39396 411 5 Blair Blair NNP 39396 411 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 411 7 1940 1940 CD 39396 411 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 411 9 and and CC 39396 411 10 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 411 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 411 12 1937c 1937c CD 39396 411 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 411 14 , , , 39396 411 15 have have VBP 39396 411 16 studied study VBN 39396 411 17 the the DT 39396 411 18 home home NN 39396 411 19 range range NN 39396 411 20 of of IN 39396 411 21 _ _ NNP 39396 411 22 M. M. NNP 39396 412 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 412 2 _ _ NNP 39396 412 3 . . . 39396 413 1 Blair Blair NNP 39396 413 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 413 3 1940:153 1940:153 CD 39396 413 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 413 5 reported report VBD 39396 413 6 a a DT 39396 413 7 larger large JJR 39396 413 8 range range NN 39396 413 9 for for IN 39396 413 10 males male NNS 39396 413 11 than than IN 39396 413 12 for for IN 39396 413 13 females female NNS 39396 413 14 in in IN 39396 413 15 all all DT 39396 413 16 habitats habitat NNS 39396 413 17 and and CC 39396 413 18 in in IN 39396 413 19 all all DT 39396 413 20 seasons season NNS 39396 413 21 represented represent VBN 39396 413 22 in in IN 39396 413 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 413 24 sample sample NN 39396 413 25 . . . 39396 414 1 In in IN 39396 414 2 _ _ NNP 39396 414 3 M. M. NNP 39396 415 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 415 2 _ _ NNP 39396 415 3 , , , 39396 415 4 however however RB 39396 415 5 , , , 39396 415 6 I -PRON- PRP 39396 415 7 found find VBD 39396 415 8 that that IN 39396 415 9 the the DT 39396 415 10 mean mean NNP 39396 415 11 monthly monthly JJ 39396 415 12 range range NN 39396 415 13 for for IN 39396 415 14 both both DT 39396 415 15 sexes sex NNS 39396 415 16 was be VBD 39396 415 17 0.09 0.09 CD 39396 415 18 of of IN 39396 415 19 an an DT 39396 415 20 acre acre NN 39396 415 21 . . . 39396 416 1 Blair Blair NNP 39396 416 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 416 3 _ _ NNP 39396 416 4 loc loc NNP 39396 416 5 . . . 39396 417 1 cit cit NNP 39396 417 2 . . . 39396 417 3 _ _ NNP 39396 417 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 417 5 reported report VBD 39396 417 6 no no DT 39396 417 7 individuals individual NNS 39396 417 8 with with IN 39396 417 9 a a DT 39396 417 10 range range NN 39396 417 11 so so RB 39396 417 12 small small JJ 39396 417 13 as as IN 39396 417 14 that that DT 39396 417 15 mean mean NN 39396 417 16 , , , 39396 417 17 but but CC 39396 417 18 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 417 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 417 20 _ _ NNP 39396 417 21 op op NN 39396 417 22 . . . 39396 418 1 cit._:261 cit._:261 NNP 39396 418 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 418 3 mentioned mention VBD 39396 418 4 two two CD 39396 418 5 voles vole NNS 39396 418 6 with with IN 39396 418 7 ranges range NNS 39396 418 8 of of IN 39396 418 9 less less JJR 39396 418 10 than than IN 39396 418 11 1200 1200 CD 39396 418 12 square square JJ 39396 418 13 feet foot NNS 39396 418 14 . . . 39396 419 1 The the DT 39396 419 2 mean mean JJ 39396 419 3 total total JJ 39396 419 4 range range NN 39396 419 5 used use VBN 39396 419 6 by by IN 39396 419 7 an an DT 39396 419 8 individual individual NN 39396 419 9 during during IN 39396 419 10 the the DT 39396 419 11 entire entire JJ 39396 419 12 time time NN 39396 419 13 it -PRON- PRP 39396 419 14 was be VBD 39396 419 15 being be VBG 39396 419 16 trapped trap VBN 39396 419 17 showed show VBD 39396 419 18 a a DT 39396 419 19 slight slight JJ 39396 419 20 difference difference NN 39396 419 21 between between IN 39396 419 22 the the DT 39396 419 23 sexes sex NNS 39396 419 24 . . . 39396 420 1 Males male NNS 39396 420 2 used use VBD 39396 420 3 an an DT 39396 420 4 average average NN 39396 420 5 of of IN 39396 420 6 0.14 0.14 CD 39396 420 7 of of IN 39396 420 8 an an DT 39396 420 9 acre acre NN 39396 420 10 whereas whereas IN 39396 420 11 females female NNS 39396 420 12 used use VBD 39396 420 13 an an DT 39396 420 14 average average NN 39396 420 15 of of IN 39396 420 16 but but CC 39396 420 17 0.12 0.12 CD 39396 420 18 of of IN 39396 420 19 an an DT 39396 420 20 acre acre NN 39396 420 21 . . . 39396 421 1 This this DT 39396 421 2 suggested suggest VBD 39396 421 3 that that IN 39396 421 4 , , , 39396 421 5 as as IN 39396 421 6 in in IN 39396 421 7 _ _ NNP 39396 421 8 M. M. NNP 39396 422 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 422 2 _ _ NNP 39396 422 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 422 4 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 422 5 , , , 39396 422 6 _ _ NNP 39396 422 7 loc loc NN 39396 422 8 . . . 39396 423 1 cit cit NNP 39396 423 2 . . . 39396 423 3 _ _ NNP 39396 423 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 423 5 , , , 39396 423 6 males male NNS 39396 423 7 tended tend VBD 39396 423 8 to to TO 39396 423 9 wander wander VB 39396 423 10 more more JJR 39396 423 11 than than IN 39396 423 12 females female NNS 39396 423 13 and and CC 39396 423 14 to to TO 39396 423 15 shift shift VB 39396 423 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 423 17 home home NN 39396 423 18 range range NN 39396 423 19 more more RBR 39396 423 20 often often RB 39396 423 21 . . . 39396 424 1 The the DT 39396 424 2 largest large JJS 39396 424 3 monthly monthly JJ 39396 424 4 range range NN 39396 424 5 recorded record VBN 39396 424 6 was be VBD 39396 424 7 0.28 0.28 CD 39396 424 8 of of IN 39396 424 9 an an DT 39396 424 10 acre acre NN 39396 424 11 used use VBN 39396 424 12 by by IN 39396 424 13 a a DT 39396 424 14 female female NN 39396 424 15 in in IN 39396 424 16 March March NNP 39396 424 17 , , , 39396 424 18 1951 1951 CD 39396 424 19 , , , 39396 424 20 and and CC 39396 424 21 calculated calculate VBN 39396 424 22 on on IN 39396 424 23 the the DT 39396 424 24 basis basis NN 39396 424 25 of of IN 39396 424 26 four four CD 39396 424 27 captures capture NNS 39396 424 28 . . . 39396 425 1 The the DT 39396 425 2 largest large JJS 39396 425 3 monthly monthly JJ 39396 425 4 range range NN 39396 425 5 of of IN 39396 425 6 a a DT 39396 425 7 male male NN 39396 425 8 was be VBD 39396 425 9 0.25 0.25 CD 39396 425 10 of of IN 39396 425 11 an an DT 39396 425 12 acre acre NN 39396 425 13 for for IN 39396 425 14 a a DT 39396 425 15 vole vole NNP 39396 425 16 caught catch VBN 39396 425 17 eight eight CD 39396 425 18 times time NNS 39396 425 19 in in IN 39396 425 20 November November NNP 39396 425 21 , , , 39396 425 22 1950 1950 CD 39396 425 23 . . . 39396 426 1 The the DT 39396 426 2 smallest small JJS 39396 426 3 monthly monthly JJ 39396 426 4 range range NN 39396 426 5 was be VBD 39396 426 6 0.02 0.02 CD 39396 426 7 of of IN 39396 426 8 an an DT 39396 426 9 acre acre NN 39396 426 10 ; ; : 39396 426 11 several several JJ 39396 426 12 individuals individual NNS 39396 426 13 of of IN 39396 426 14 both both DT 39396 426 15 sexes sex NNS 39396 426 16 were be VBD 39396 426 17 restricted restrict VBN 39396 426 18 to to IN 39396 426 19 areas area NNS 39396 426 20 of of IN 39396 426 21 this this DT 39396 426 22 size size NN 39396 426 23 . . . 39396 427 1 Juveniles Juveniles NNP 39396 427 2 , , , 39396 427 3 not not RB 39396 427 4 included include VBN 39396 427 5 in in IN 39396 427 6 the the DT 39396 427 7 home home NN 39396 427 8 range range NN 39396 427 9 study study NN 39396 427 10 , , , 39396 427 11 were be VBD 39396 427 12 usually usually RB 39396 427 13 restricted restrict VBN 39396 427 14 to to IN 39396 427 15 0.01 0.01 CD 39396 427 16 or or CC 39396 427 17 , , , 39396 427 18 at at IN 39396 427 19 most most JJS 39396 427 20 , , , 39396 427 21 0.02 0.02 CD 39396 427 22 of of IN 39396 427 23 an an DT 39396 427 24 acre acre NN 39396 427 25 . . . 39396 428 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 428 2 differences difference NNS 39396 428 3 in in IN 39396 428 4 the the DT 39396 428 5 sizes size NNS 39396 428 6 of of IN 39396 428 7 home home NN 39396 428 8 ranges range NNS 39396 428 9 were be VBD 39396 428 10 not not RB 39396 428 11 significant significant JJ 39396 428 12 . . . 39396 429 1 However however RB 39396 429 2 , , , 39396 429 3 the the DT 39396 429 4 voles vole NNS 39396 429 5 caught catch VBN 39396 429 6 in in IN 39396 429 7 the the DT 39396 429 8 winter winter NN 39396 429 9 often often RB 39396 429 10 enough enough RB 39396 429 11 to to TO 39396 429 12 be be VB 39396 429 13 used use VBN 39396 429 14 for for IN 39396 429 15 home home NN 39396 429 16 range range NN 39396 429 17 studies study NNS 39396 429 18 were be VBD 39396 429 19 too too RB 39396 429 20 few few JJ 39396 429 21 for for IN 39396 429 22 a a DT 39396 429 23 thorough thorough JJ 39396 429 24 study study NN 39396 429 25 of of IN 39396 429 26 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 429 27 variation variation NN 39396 429 28 in in IN 39396 429 29 the the DT 39396 429 30 size size NN 39396 429 31 of of IN 39396 429 32 home home NN 39396 429 33 ranges range NNS 39396 429 34 . . . 39396 430 1 One one CD 39396 430 2 female female NN 39396 430 3 was be VBD 39396 430 4 captured capture VBN 39396 430 5 22 22 CD 39396 430 6 times time NNS 39396 430 7 in in IN 39396 430 8 the the DT 39396 430 9 seven seven CD 39396 430 10 - - HYPH 39396 430 11 month month NN 39396 430 12 period period NN 39396 430 13 of of IN 39396 430 14 October October NNP 39396 430 15 , , , 39396 430 16 1950 1950 CD 39396 430 17 , , , 39396 430 18 to to IN 39396 430 19 April April NNP 39396 430 20 , , , 39396 430 21 1951 1951 CD 39396 430 22 . . . 39396 431 1 She -PRON- PRP 39396 431 2 used use VBD 39396 431 3 an an DT 39396 431 4 area area NN 39396 431 5 of of IN 39396 431 6 0.83 0.83 CD 39396 431 7 of of IN 39396 431 8 an an DT 39396 431 9 acre acre NN 39396 431 10 , , , 39396 431 11 but but CC 39396 431 12 this this DT 39396 431 13 actually actually RB 39396 431 14 comprised comprise VBD 39396 431 15 two two CD 39396 431 16 separate separate JJ 39396 431 17 ranges range NNS 39396 431 18 . . . 39396 432 1 From from IN 39396 432 2 October October NNP 39396 432 3 , , , 39396 432 4 1950 1950 CD 39396 432 5 , , , 39396 432 6 through through IN 39396 432 7 December December NNP 39396 432 8 , , , 39396 432 9 1950 1950 CD 39396 432 10 , , , 39396 432 11 she -PRON- PRP 39396 432 12 was be VBD 39396 432 13 taken take VBN 39396 432 14 17 17 CD 39396 432 15 times time NNS 39396 432 16 within within IN 39396 432 17 an an DT 39396 432 18 area area NN 39396 432 19 of of IN 39396 432 20 0.12 0.12 CD 39396 432 21 of of IN 39396 432 22 an an DT 39396 432 23 acre acre NN 39396 432 24 ; ; : 39396 432 25 and and CC 39396 432 26 from from IN 39396 432 27 January January NNP 39396 432 28 , , , 39396 432 29 1951 1951 CD 39396 432 30 , , , 39396 432 31 to to IN 39396 432 32 April April NNP 39396 432 33 , , , 39396 432 34 1951 1951 CD 39396 432 35 , , , 39396 432 36 she -PRON- PRP 39396 432 37 was be VBD 39396 432 38 taken take VBN 39396 432 39 five five CD 39396 432 40 times time NNS 39396 432 41 within within IN 39396 432 42 an an DT 39396 432 43 area area NN 39396 432 44 of of IN 39396 432 45 0.15 0.15 CD 39396 432 46 of of IN 39396 432 47 an an DT 39396 432 48 acre acre NN 39396 432 49 . . . 39396 433 1 The the DT 39396 433 2 largest large JJS 39396 433 3 area area NN 39396 433 4 assumed assume VBD 39396 433 5 to to TO 39396 433 6 represent represent VB 39396 433 7 one one CD 39396 433 8 range range NN 39396 433 9 of of IN 39396 433 10 a a DT 39396 433 11 female female NN 39396 433 12 was be VBD 39396 433 13 0.38 0.38 CD 39396 433 14 of of IN 39396 433 15 an an DT 39396 433 16 acre acre NN 39396 433 17 , , , 39396 433 18 recorded record VBN 39396 433 19 on on IN 39396 433 20 the the DT 39396 433 21 basis basis NN 39396 433 22 of of IN 39396 433 23 six six CD 39396 433 24 captures capture NNS 39396 433 25 in in IN 39396 433 26 three three CD 39396 433 27 months month NNS 39396 433 28 . . . 39396 434 1 The the DT 39396 434 2 largest large JJS 39396 434 3 area area NN 39396 434 4 encompassed encompass VBN 39396 434 5 by by IN 39396 434 6 the the DT 39396 434 7 record record NN 39396 434 8 of of IN 39396 434 9 an an DT 39396 434 10 individual individual JJ 39396 434 11 male male NN 39396 434 12 was be VBD 39396 434 13 0.41 0.41 CD 39396 434 14 of of IN 39396 434 15 an an DT 39396 434 16 acre acre NN 39396 434 17 . . . 39396 435 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 435 2 , , , 39396 435 3 too too RB 39396 435 4 , , , 39396 435 5 shifted shift VBD 39396 435 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 435 7 range range NN 39396 435 8 , , , 39396 435 9 being be VBG 39396 435 10 taken take VBN 39396 435 11 five five CD 39396 435 12 times time NNS 39396 435 13 on on IN 39396 435 14 an an DT 39396 435 15 area area NN 39396 435 16 of of IN 39396 435 17 0.07 0.07 CD 39396 435 18 of of IN 39396 435 19 an an DT 39396 435 20 acre acre NN 39396 435 21 and and CC 39396 435 22 twice twice RB 39396 435 23 , , , 39396 435 24 two two CD 39396 435 25 months month NNS 39396 435 26 later later RB 39396 435 27 , , , 39396 435 28 on on IN 39396 435 29 an an DT 39396 435 30 area area NN 39396 435 31 of of IN 39396 435 32 0.09 0.09 CD 39396 435 33 of of IN 39396 435 34 an an DT 39396 435 35 acre acre NN 39396 435 36 . . . 39396 436 1 Presumably presumably RB 39396 436 2 , , , 39396 436 3 the the DT 39396 436 4 remainder remainder NN 39396 436 5 of of IN 39396 436 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 436 7 calculated calculated JJ 39396 436 8 total total JJ 39396 436 9 range range NN 39396 436 10 was be VBD 39396 436 11 used use VBN 39396 436 12 but but CC 39396 436 13 little little JJ 39396 436 14 , , , 39396 436 15 or or CC 39396 436 16 not not RB 39396 436 17 at at RB 39396 436 18 all all RB 39396 436 19 . . . 39396 437 1 The the DT 39396 437 2 largest large JJS 39396 437 3 single single JJ 39396 437 4 range range NN 39396 437 5 of of IN 39396 437 6 a a DT 39396 437 7 male male NN 39396 437 8 was be VBD 39396 437 9 0.36 0.36 CD 39396 437 10 of of IN 39396 437 11 an an DT 39396 437 12 acre acre NN 39396 437 13 , , , 39396 437 14 calculated calculate VBN 39396 437 15 on on IN 39396 437 16 the the DT 39396 437 17 basis basis NN 39396 437 18 of of IN 39396 437 19 18 18 CD 39396 437 20 captures capture NNS 39396 437 21 in in IN 39396 437 22 seven seven CD 39396 437 23 months month NNS 39396 437 24 . . . 39396 438 1 The the DT 39396 438 2 smallest small JJS 39396 438 3 total total JJ 39396 438 4 range range NN 39396 438 5 for for IN 39396 438 6 both both DT 39396 438 7 sexes sex NNS 39396 438 8 was be VBD 39396 438 9 0.02 0.02 CD 39396 438 10 of of IN 39396 438 11 an an DT 39396 438 12 acre acre NN 39396 438 13 . . . 39396 439 1 Many many JJ 39396 439 2 voles vole NNS 39396 439 3 shifted shift VBD 39396 439 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 439 5 home home NN 39396 439 6 range range NN 39396 439 7 and and CC 39396 439 8 a a DT 39396 439 9 few few JJ 39396 439 10 did do VBD 39396 439 11 so so RB 39396 439 12 abruptly abruptly RB 39396 439 13 . . . 39396 440 1 The the DT 39396 440 2 large large JJ 39396 440 3 range range NN 39396 440 4 of of IN 39396 440 5 a a DT 39396 440 6 female female JJ 39396 440 7 vole vole NNP 39396 440 8 , , , 39396 440 9 described describe VBN 39396 440 10 above above IN 39396 440 11 and and CC 39396 440 12 plotted plot VBD 39396 440 13 in in IN 39396 440 14 Fig Fig NNP 39396 440 15 . . . 39396 441 1 6 6 CD 39396 441 2 , , , 39396 441 3 indicated indicate VBD 39396 441 4 an an DT 39396 441 5 abrupt abrupt JJ 39396 441 6 shift shift NN 39396 441 7 from from IN 39396 441 8 one one CD 39396 441 9 home home NN 39396 441 10 range range NN 39396 441 11 to to IN 39396 441 12 another another DT 39396 441 13 . . . 39396 442 1 More more RBR 39396 442 2 common common JJ 39396 442 3 is be VBZ 39396 442 4 a a DT 39396 442 5 gradual gradual JJ 39396 442 6 shift shift NN 39396 442 7 as as IN 39396 442 8 indicated indicate VBN 39396 442 9 by by IN 39396 442 10 the the DT 39396 442 11 range range NN 39396 442 12 of of IN 39396 442 13 the the DT 39396 442 14 male male NN 39396 442 15 shown show VBN 39396 442 16 in in IN 39396 442 17 Fig Fig NNP 39396 442 18 . . . 39396 443 1 7 7 LS 39396 443 2 . . . 39396 444 1 Large large JJ 39396 444 2 parts part NNS 39396 444 3 of of IN 39396 444 4 each each DT 39396 444 5 monthly monthly JJ 39396 444 6 range range NN 39396 444 7 of of IN 39396 444 8 this this DT 39396 444 9 vole vole NNP 39396 444 10 overlapped overlap VBD 39396 444 11 the the DT 39396 444 12 area area NN 39396 444 13 used use VBN 39396 444 14 in in IN 39396 444 15 other other JJ 39396 444 16 months month NNS 39396 444 17 but but CC 39396 444 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 444 19 center center NN 39396 444 20 of of IN 39396 444 21 activity activity NN 39396 444 22 shifted shift VBD 39396 444 23 from from IN 39396 444 24 month month NN 39396 444 25 to to IN 39396 444 26 month month NN 39396 444 27 . . . 39396 445 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 445 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 445 3 : : : 39396 445 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 445 5 . . . 39396 446 1 6 6 CD 39396 446 2 . . . 39396 447 1 Map Map NNP 39396 447 2 with with IN 39396 447 3 cross cross JJ 39396 447 4 - - JJ 39396 447 5 hatched hatch VBN 39396 447 6 areas area NNS 39396 447 7 showing show VBG 39396 447 8 the the DT 39396 447 9 range range NN 39396 447 10 of of IN 39396 447 11 vole vole NNP 39396 447 12 # # $ 39396 447 13 20 20 CD 39396 447 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 447 15 female female JJ 39396 447 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 447 17 . . . 39396 448 1 Dots dot NNS 39396 448 2 show show VBP 39396 448 3 actual actual JJ 39396 448 4 points point NNS 39396 448 5 of of IN 39396 448 6 capture capture NN 39396 448 7 at at IN 39396 448 8 permanent permanent JJ 39396 448 9 trap trap NN 39396 448 10 stations station NNS 39396 448 11 30 30 CD 39396 448 12 feet foot NNS 39396 448 13 apart apart RB 39396 448 14 . . . 39396 449 1 Vertical vertical JJ 39396 449 2 lines line NNS 39396 449 3 mark mark VBP 39396 449 4 area area NN 39396 449 5 in in IN 39396 449 6 which which WDT 39396 449 7 vole vole NNP 39396 449 8 was be VBD 39396 449 9 taken take VBN 39396 449 10 17 17 CD 39396 449 11 times time NNS 39396 449 12 in in IN 39396 449 13 October October NNP 39396 449 14 and and CC 39396 449 15 November November NNP 39396 449 16 , , , 39396 449 17 1950 1950 CD 39396 449 18 . . . 39396 450 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ 39396 450 2 lines line NNS 39396 450 3 mark mark VBP 39396 450 4 area area NN 39396 450 5 in in IN 39396 450 6 which which WDT 39396 450 7 vole vole NNP 39396 450 8 was be VBD 39396 450 9 taken take VBN 39396 450 10 five five CD 39396 450 11 times time NNS 39396 450 12 in in IN 39396 450 13 March March NNP 39396 450 14 and and CC 39396 450 15 April April NNP 39396 450 16 , , , 39396 450 17 1951 1951 CD 39396 450 18 . . . 39396 451 1 This this DT 39396 451 2 vole vole NN 39396 451 3 was be VBD 39396 451 4 not not RB 39396 451 5 captured capture VBN 39396 451 6 in in IN 39396 451 7 December December NNP 39396 451 8 and and CC 39396 451 9 January January NNP 39396 451 10 . . . 39396 451 11 ] ] -RRB- 39396 452 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 452 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 452 3 : : : 39396 452 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 452 5 . . . 39396 453 1 7 7 LS 39396 453 2 . . . 39396 454 1 Map Map NNP 39396 454 2 showing show VBG 39396 454 3 range range NN 39396 454 4 of of IN 39396 454 5 vole vole NNP 39396 454 6 # # $ 39396 454 7 52 52 CD 39396 454 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 454 9 male male NN 39396 454 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 454 11 with with IN 39396 454 12 seeming seeming JJ 39396 454 13 shifts shift NNS 39396 454 14 in in IN 39396 454 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 454 16 center center NN 39396 454 17 of of IN 39396 454 18 activity activity NN 39396 454 19 . . . 39396 455 1 Dots dot NNS 39396 455 2 show show VBP 39396 455 3 actual actual JJ 39396 455 4 points point NNS 39396 455 5 of of IN 39396 455 6 capture capture NN 39396 455 7 at at IN 39396 455 8 permanent permanent JJ 39396 455 9 trap trap NN 39396 455 10 stations station NNS 39396 455 11 30 30 CD 39396 455 12 feet foot NNS 39396 455 13 apart apart RB 39396 455 14 . . . 39396 456 1 Solid solid JJ 39396 456 2 line line NN 39396 456 3 encloses enclose VBZ 39396 456 4 points point NNS 39396 456 5 of of IN 39396 456 6 six six CD 39396 456 7 captures capture NNS 39396 456 8 in in IN 39396 456 9 October October NNP 39396 456 10 and and CC 39396 456 11 November November NNP 39396 456 12 , , , 39396 456 13 1950 1950 CD 39396 456 14 . . . 39396 457 1 Broken broken JJ 39396 457 2 line line NN 39396 457 3 encloses enclose VBZ 39396 457 4 points point NNS 39396 457 5 of of IN 39396 457 6 five five CD 39396 457 7 captures capture NNS 39396 457 8 in in IN 39396 457 9 February February NNP 39396 457 10 and and CC 39396 457 11 March March NNP 39396 457 12 , , , 39396 457 13 1951 1951 CD 39396 457 14 . . . 39396 458 1 Dotted dotted JJ 39396 458 2 line line NN 39396 458 3 encloses enclose VBZ 39396 458 4 points point NNS 39396 458 5 of of IN 39396 458 6 nine nine CD 39396 458 7 captures capture NNS 39396 458 8 in in IN 39396 458 9 April April NNP 39396 458 10 , , , 39396 458 11 May May NNP 39396 458 12 and and CC 39396 458 13 June June NNP 39396 458 14 , , , 39396 458 15 1951 1951 CD 39396 458 16 . . . 39396 458 17 ] ] -RRB- 39396 459 1 That that DT 39396 459 2 home home NN 39396 459 3 ranges range NNS 39396 459 4 overlapped overlap VBN 39396 459 5 was be VBD 39396 459 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 39396 459 7 by by IN 39396 459 8 frequent frequent JJ 39396 459 9 capture capture NN 39396 459 10 of of IN 39396 459 11 two two CD 39396 459 12 or or CC 39396 459 13 more more JJR 39396 459 14 individuals individual NNS 39396 459 15 together together RB 39396 459 16 in in IN 39396 459 17 the the DT 39396 459 18 same same JJ 39396 459 19 trap trap NN 39396 459 20 . . . 39396 460 1 No no DT 39396 460 2 territoriality territoriality NN 39396 460 3 has have VBZ 39396 460 4 been be VBN 39396 460 5 reported report VBN 39396 460 6 in in IN 39396 460 7 any any DT 39396 460 8 species specie NNS 39396 460 9 of of IN 39396 460 10 _ _ NNP 39396 460 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 460 12 _ _ NNP 39396 460 13 , , , 39396 460 14 to to IN 39396 460 15 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 460 16 knowledge knowledge NN 39396 460 17 , , , 39396 460 18 and and CC 39396 460 19 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 460 20 voles vole NNS 39396 460 21 showed show VBD 39396 460 22 no no DT 39396 460 23 objection objection NN 39396 460 24 to to IN 39396 460 25 sharing share VBG 39396 460 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 460 27 range range NN 39396 460 28 . . . 39396 461 1 Voles vole NNS 39396 461 2 taken take VBN 39396 461 3 from from IN 39396 461 4 the the DT 39396 461 5 field field NN 39396 461 6 into into IN 39396 461 7 the the DT 39396 461 8 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 461 9 lived live VBN 39396 461 10 together together RB 39396 461 11 in in IN 39396 461 12 pairs pair NNS 39396 461 13 or or CC 39396 461 14 larger large JJR 39396 461 15 groups group NNS 39396 461 16 without without IN 39396 461 17 much much JJ 39396 461 18 friction friction NN 39396 461 19 . . . 39396 462 1 Definable definable JJ 39396 462 2 systems system NNS 39396 462 3 of of IN 39396 462 4 runways runway NNS 39396 462 5 and and CC 39396 462 6 home home NN 39396 462 7 ranges range NNS 39396 462 8 were be VBD 39396 462 9 not not RB 39396 462 10 coextensive coextensive JJ 39396 462 11 . . . 39396 463 1 Runway runway NN 39396 463 2 systems system NNS 39396 463 3 tended tend VBD 39396 463 4 to to TO 39396 463 5 merge merge VB 39396 463 6 , , , 39396 463 7 as as IN 39396 463 8 described describe VBN 39396 463 9 later later RB 39396 463 10 in in IN 39396 463 11 this this DT 39396 463 12 report report NN 39396 463 13 , , , 39396 463 14 and and CC 39396 463 15 relationships relationship NNS 39396 463 16 between between IN 39396 463 17 them -PRON- PRP 39396 463 18 and and CC 39396 463 19 home home NN 39396 463 20 range range NN 39396 463 21 were be VBD 39396 463 22 not not RB 39396 463 23 apparent apparent JJ 39396 463 24 . . . 39396 464 1 Home home NN 39396 464 2 ranges range NNS 39396 464 3 had have VBD 39396 464 4 no no DT 39396 464 5 characteristic characteristic JJ 39396 464 6 shape shape NN 39396 464 7 . . . 39396 465 1 LIFE LIFE NNP 39396 465 2 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 39396 465 3 Reproduction Reproduction NNP 39396 465 4 Reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 465 5 activity activity NN 39396 465 6 might may MD 39396 465 7 have have VB 39396 465 8 been be VBN 39396 465 9 measured measure VBN 39396 465 10 in in IN 39396 465 11 a a DT 39396 465 12 number number NN 39396 465 13 of of IN 39396 465 14 ways way NNS 39396 465 15 . . . 39396 466 1 Three three CD 39396 466 2 indicators indicator NNS 39396 466 3 were be VBD 39396 466 4 tested test VBN 39396 466 5 : : : 39396 466 6 the the DT 39396 466 7 percentage percentage NN 39396 466 8 of of IN 39396 466 9 females female NNS 39396 466 10 gravid gravid JJ 39396 466 11 or or CC 39396 466 12 lactating lactate VBG 39396 466 13 , , , 39396 466 14 the the DT 39396 466 15 percentage percentage NN 39396 466 16 of of IN 39396 466 17 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 466 18 in in IN 39396 466 19 the the DT 39396 466 20 month month NN 39396 466 21 following follow VBG 39396 466 22 the the DT 39396 466 23 sampling sampling NN 39396 466 24 period period NN 39396 466 25 , , , 39396 466 26 and and CC 39396 466 27 the the DT 39396 466 28 percentage percentage NN 39396 466 29 of of IN 39396 466 30 females female NNS 39396 466 31 with with IN 39396 466 32 a a DT 39396 466 33 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 466 34 orifice orifice NN 39396 466 35 in in IN 39396 466 36 the the DT 39396 466 37 sampling sampling NN 39396 466 38 period period NN 39396 466 39 . . . 39396 467 1 The the DT 39396 467 2 condition condition NN 39396 467 3 of of IN 39396 467 4 vagina vagina NNP 39396 467 5 proved prove VBD 39396 467 6 to to TO 39396 467 7 be be VB 39396 467 8 most most RBS 39396 467 9 useful useful JJ 39396 467 10 . . . 39396 468 1 Whether whether IN 39396 468 2 or or CC 39396 468 3 not not RB 39396 468 4 there there EX 39396 468 5 is be VBZ 39396 468 6 a a DT 39396 468 7 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 468 8 cycle cycle NN 39396 468 9 in in IN 39396 468 10 _ _ NNP 39396 468 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 468 12 _ _ NNP 39396 468 13 is be VBZ 39396 468 14 uncertain uncertain JJ 39396 468 15 . . . 39396 469 1 Bodenheimer Bodenheimer NNP 39396 469 2 and and CC 39396 469 3 Sulman Sulman NNP 39396 469 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 469 5 1946:255 1946:255 CD 39396 469 6 - - SYM 39396 469 7 256 256 CD 39396 469 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 469 9 found find VBD 39396 469 10 no no DT 39396 469 11 evidence evidence NN 39396 469 12 of of IN 39396 469 13 such such PDT 39396 469 14 a a DT 39396 469 15 cycle cycle NN 39396 469 16 , , , 39396 469 17 nor nor CC 39396 469 18 did do VBD 39396 469 19 I -PRON- PRP 39396 469 20 in in IN 39396 469 21 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 469 22 work work NN 39396 469 23 with with IN 39396 469 24 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 469 25 animals animal NNS 39396 469 26 at at IN 39396 469 27 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 39396 469 28 . . . 39396 470 1 How how WRB 39396 470 2 much much JJ 39396 470 3 the the DT 39396 470 4 artificial artificial JJ 39396 470 5 environment environment NN 39396 470 6 of of IN 39396 470 7 the the DT 39396 470 8 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 470 9 affected affect VBD 39396 470 10 these these DT 39396 470 11 findings finding NNS 39396 470 12 is be VBZ 39396 470 13 unknown unknown JJ 39396 470 14 . . . 39396 471 1 The the DT 39396 471 2 presence presence NN 39396 471 3 of of IN 39396 471 4 an an DT 39396 471 5 orifice orifice NN 39396 471 6 seemed seem VBD 39396 471 7 to to TO 39396 471 8 indicate indicate VB 39396 471 9 sexual sexual JJ 39396 471 10 activity activity NN 39396 471 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 471 12 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 471 13 , , , 39396 471 14 1941:9 1941:9 CD 39396 471 15 ) ) -RRB- 39396 471 16 . . . 39396 472 1 The the DT 39396 472 2 percentage percentage NN 39396 472 3 of of IN 39396 472 4 gravid gravid JJ 39396 472 5 females female NNS 39396 472 6 in in IN 39396 472 7 the the DT 39396 472 8 population population NN 39396 472 9 could could MD 39396 472 10 not not RB 39396 472 11 be be VB 39396 472 12 determined determine VBN 39396 472 13 accurately accurately RB 39396 472 14 by by IN 39396 472 15 a a DT 39396 472 16 live live NN 39396 472 17 - - HYPH 39396 472 18 trapping trap VBG 39396 472 19 study study NN 39396 472 20 and and CC 39396 472 21 was be VBD 39396 472 22 not not RB 39396 472 23 useful useful JJ 39396 472 24 in in IN 39396 472 25 this this DT 39396 472 26 investigation investigation NN 39396 472 27 . . . 39396 473 1 The the DT 39396 473 2 percentage percentage NN 39396 473 3 of of IN 39396 473 4 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 473 5 trapped trap VBN 39396 473 6 in in IN 39396 473 7 the the DT 39396 473 8 month month NN 39396 473 9 following follow VBG 39396 473 10 the the DT 39396 473 11 sampling sampling NN 39396 473 12 period period NN 39396 473 13 tended tend VBD 39396 473 14 to to TO 39396 473 15 follow follow VB 39396 473 16 the the DT 39396 473 17 curve curve NN 39396 473 18 of of IN 39396 473 19 the the DT 39396 473 20 percentage percentage NN 39396 473 21 of of IN 39396 473 22 adult adult NN 39396 473 23 females female NNS 39396 473 24 with with IN 39396 473 25 a a DT 39396 473 26 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 473 27 orifice orifice NN 39396 473 28 . . . 39396 474 1 The the DT 39396 474 2 ratio ratio NN 39396 474 3 of of IN 39396 474 4 trapped trap VBN 39396 474 5 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 474 6 to to IN 39396 474 7 adults adult NNS 39396 474 8 trapped trap VBN 39396 474 9 was be VBD 39396 474 10 a a DT 39396 474 11 poor poor JJ 39396 474 12 indicator indicator NN 39396 474 13 of of IN 39396 474 14 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 474 15 activity activity NN 39396 474 16 . . . 39396 475 1 Juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 475 2 were be VBD 39396 475 3 caught catch VBN 39396 475 4 in in IN 39396 475 5 relatively relatively RB 39396 475 6 small small JJ 39396 475 7 numbers number NNS 39396 475 8 because because IN 39396 475 9 of of IN 39396 475 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 475 11 restricted restrict VBN 39396 475 12 movements movement NNS 39396 475 13 , , , 39396 475 14 and and CC 39396 475 15 no no DT 39396 475 16 way way NN 39396 475 17 to to TO 39396 475 18 determine determine VB 39396 475 19 prenatal prenatal JJ 39396 475 20 and and CC 39396 475 21 juvenal juvenal JJ 39396 475 22 mortality mortality NN 39396 475 23 was be VBD 39396 475 24 available available JJ 39396 475 25 . . . 39396 476 1 Reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 476 2 activity activity NN 39396 476 3 continues continue VBZ 39396 476 4 throughout throughout IN 39396 476 5 the the DT 39396 476 6 year year NN 39396 476 7 . . . 39396 477 1 Within within IN 39396 477 2 the the DT 39396 477 3 thirty thirty CD 39396 477 4 - - HYPH 39396 477 5 month month NN 39396 477 6 period period NN 39396 477 7 for for IN 39396 477 8 which which WDT 39396 477 9 data datum NNS 39396 477 10 were be VBD 39396 477 11 obtained obtain VBN 39396 477 12 , , , 39396 477 13 December December NNP 39396 477 14 and and CC 39396 477 15 January January NNP 39396 477 16 showed show VBD 39396 477 17 the the DT 39396 477 18 lowest low JJS 39396 477 19 percentages percentage NNS 39396 477 20 of of IN 39396 477 21 females female NNS 39396 477 22 with with IN 39396 477 23 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 477 24 orifices orifice NNS 39396 477 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 477 26 Fig fig NN 39396 477 27 . . . 39396 478 1 8) 8) CD 39396 478 2 . . . 39396 479 1 The the DT 39396 479 2 other other JJ 39396 479 3 months month NNS 39396 479 4 all all DT 39396 479 5 showed show VBD 39396 479 6 higher high JJR 39396 479 7 levels level NNS 39396 479 8 of of IN 39396 479 9 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 479 10 activity activity NN 39396 479 11 with with IN 39396 479 12 a a DT 39396 479 13 slight slight JJ 39396 479 14 peak peak NN 39396 479 15 in in IN 39396 479 16 the the DT 39396 479 17 August August NNP 39396 479 18 - - HYPH 39396 479 19 September September NNP 39396 479 20 - - HYPH 39396 479 21 October October NNP 39396 479 22 period period NN 39396 479 23 in in IN 39396 479 24 both both DT 39396 479 25 1950 1950 CD 39396 479 26 and and CC 39396 479 27 1951 1951 CD 39396 479 28 . . . 39396 480 1 In in IN 39396 480 2 the the DT 39396 480 3 species specie NNS 39396 480 4 of of IN 39396 480 5 _ _ NNP 39396 480 6 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 480 7 _ _ NNP 39396 480 8 that that WDT 39396 480 9 are be VBP 39396 480 10 found find VBN 39396 480 11 in in IN 39396 480 12 the the DT 39396 480 13 United United NNP 39396 480 14 States States NNP 39396 480 15 , , , 39396 480 16 such such JJ 39396 480 17 summer summer NN 39396 480 18 peaks peak NNS 39396 480 19 of of IN 39396 480 20 breeding breeding NN 39396 480 21 seem seem VBP 39396 480 22 to to TO 39396 480 23 be be VB 39396 480 24 the the DT 39396 480 25 rule rule NN 39396 480 26 ( ( -LRB- 39396 480 27 Blair Blair NNP 39396 480 28 , , , 39396 480 29 1940:151 1940:151 CD 39396 480 30 ; ; : 39396 480 31 Gunderson Gunderson NNP 39396 480 32 , , , 39396 480 33 1950:17 1950:17 CD 39396 480 34 ; ; : 39396 480 35 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 480 36 , , , 39396 480 37 1937b:785 1937b:785 CD 39396 480 38 ) ) -RRB- 39396 480 39 . . . 39396 481 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 481 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 481 3 1947:147 1947:147 CD 39396 481 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 481 5 worked work VBD 39396 481 6 in in IN 39396 481 7 the the DT 39396 481 8 same same JJ 39396 481 9 county county NN 39396 481 10 where where WRB 39396 481 11 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 481 12 field field NN 39396 481 13 study study NN 39396 481 14 was be VBD 39396 481 15 made make VBN 39396 481 16 and and CC 39396 481 17 found find VBN 39396 481 18 that that IN 39396 481 19 the the DT 39396 481 20 high high JJ 39396 481 21 point point NN 39396 481 22 of of IN 39396 481 23 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 481 24 was be VBD 39396 481 25 in in IN 39396 481 26 March March NNP 39396 481 27 , , , 39396 481 28 although although IN 39396 481 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 481 30 samples sample NNS 39396 481 31 were be VBD 39396 481 32 too too RB 39396 481 33 small small JJ 39396 481 34 to to TO 39396 481 35 be be VB 39396 481 36 reliable reliable JJ 39396 481 37 . . . 39396 482 1 The the DT 39396 482 2 peak peak NN 39396 482 3 of of IN 39396 482 4 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 482 5 activity activity NN 39396 482 6 slightly slightly RB 39396 482 7 preceded precede VBD 39396 482 8 the the DT 39396 482 9 highest high JJS 39396 482 10 level level NN 39396 482 11 of of IN 39396 482 12 population population NN 39396 482 13 density density NN 39396 482 14 in in IN 39396 482 15 each each DT 39396 482 16 year year NN 39396 482 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 482 18 Fig fig NN 39396 482 19 . . . 39396 483 1 8) 8) CD 39396 483 2 . . . 39396 484 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 484 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 484 3 : : : 39396 484 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 484 5 . . . 39396 485 1 8 8 LS 39396 485 2 . . . 39396 486 1 Variations variation NNS 39396 486 2 in in IN 39396 486 3 density density NN 39396 486 4 and and CC 39396 486 5 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 486 6 rate rate NN 39396 486 7 of of IN 39396 486 8 voles vole NNS 39396 486 9 , , , 39396 486 10 with with IN 39396 486 11 variation variation NN 39396 486 12 in in IN 39396 486 13 monthly monthly JJ 39396 486 14 precipitation precipitation NN 39396 486 15 . . . 39396 487 1 Abnormally abnormally RB 39396 487 2 low low JJ 39396 487 3 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 487 4 in in IN 39396 487 5 1952 1952 CD 39396 487 6 caused cause VBD 39396 487 7 a a DT 39396 487 8 decrease decrease NN 39396 487 9 in in IN 39396 487 10 breeding breed VBG 39396 487 11 activity activity NN 39396 487 12 and and CC 39396 487 13 eventually eventually RB 39396 487 14 in in IN 39396 487 15 the the DT 39396 487 16 numbers number NNS 39396 487 17 of of IN 39396 487 18 voles vole NNS 39396 487 19 . . . 39396 488 1 The the DT 39396 488 2 solid solid JJ 39396 488 3 line line NN 39396 488 4 indicates indicate VBZ 39396 488 5 the the DT 39396 488 6 number number NN 39396 488 7 of of IN 39396 488 8 voles vole NNS 39396 488 9 per per IN 39396 488 10 acre acre NN 39396 488 11 , , , 39396 488 12 the the DT 39396 488 13 broken broken JJ 39396 488 14 line line NN 39396 488 15 the the DT 39396 488 16 percentage percentage NN 39396 488 17 of of IN 39396 488 18 females female NNS 39396 488 19 with with IN 39396 488 20 a a DT 39396 488 21 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 488 22 orifice orifice NN 39396 488 23 and and CC 39396 488 24 the the DT 39396 488 25 dotted dotted JJ 39396 488 26 line line NN 39396 488 27 the the DT 39396 488 28 inches inch NNS 39396 488 29 of of IN 39396 488 30 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 488 31 . . . 39396 488 32 ] ] -RRB- 39396 489 1 A a DT 39396 489 2 marked marked JJ 39396 489 3 reduction reduction NN 39396 489 4 in in IN 39396 489 5 the the DT 39396 489 6 percentage percentage NN 39396 489 7 of of IN 39396 489 8 females female NNS 39396 489 9 having have VBG 39396 489 10 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 489 11 orifices orifice NNS 39396 489 12 was be VBD 39396 489 13 observed observe VBN 39396 489 14 in in IN 39396 489 15 the the DT 39396 489 16 unusually unusually RB 39396 489 17 dry dry JJ 39396 489 18 summer summer NN 39396 489 19 of of IN 39396 489 20 1952 1952 CD 39396 489 21 . . . 39396 490 1 The the DT 39396 490 2 rate rate NN 39396 490 3 of of IN 39396 490 4 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 490 5 was be VBD 39396 490 6 found find VBN 39396 490 7 to to TO 39396 490 8 be be VB 39396 490 9 positively positively RB 39396 490 10 correlated correlate VBN 39396 490 11 with with IN 39396 490 12 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 490 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 490 14 Fig fig NN 39396 490 15 . . . 39396 491 1 9 9 LS 39396 491 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 491 3 . . . 39396 492 1 Correlation correlation NN 39396 492 2 coefficients coefficient NNS 39396 492 3 were be VBD 39396 492 4 higher high JJR 39396 492 5 in in IN 39396 492 6 each each DT 39396 492 7 case case NN 39396 492 8 when when WRB 39396 492 9 the the DT 39396 492 10 amount amount NN 39396 492 11 of of IN 39396 492 12 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 492 13 in in IN 39396 492 14 the the DT 39396 492 15 month month NN 39396 492 16 preceding precede VBG 39396 492 17 each each DT 39396 492 18 sampling sampling NN 39396 492 19 period period NN 39396 492 20 was be VBD 39396 492 21 used use VBN 39396 492 22 instead instead RB 39396 492 23 of of IN 39396 492 24 that that DT 39396 492 25 in in IN 39396 492 26 the the DT 39396 492 27 month month NN 39396 492 28 of of IN 39396 492 29 the the DT 39396 492 30 sample sample NN 39396 492 31 . . . 39396 493 1 This this DT 39396 493 2 suggested suggest VBD 39396 493 3 that that IN 39396 493 4 the the DT 39396 493 5 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 493 6 exerted exert VBD 39396 493 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 493 8 influence influence NN 39396 493 9 indirectly indirectly RB 39396 493 10 through through IN 39396 493 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 493 12 effect effect NN 39396 493 13 on on IN 39396 493 14 plant plant NN 39396 493 15 growth growth NN 39396 493 16 . . . 39396 494 1 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 494 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 494 3 1924:530 1924:530 CD 39396 494 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 494 5 reported report VBD 39396 494 6 that that IN 39396 494 7 a a DT 39396 494 8 reduction reduction NN 39396 494 9 in in IN 39396 494 10 either either CC 39396 494 11 the the DT 39396 494 12 quantity quantity NN 39396 494 13 or or CC 39396 494 14 quality quality NN 39396 494 15 of of IN 39396 494 16 food food NN 39396 494 17 had have VBD 39396 494 18 a a DT 39396 494 19 depressing depressing JJ 39396 494 20 effect effect NN 39396 494 21 on on IN 39396 494 22 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 494 23 . . . 39396 495 1 Drought drought NN 39396 495 2 , , , 39396 495 3 such such JJ 39396 495 4 as as IN 39396 495 5 occurred occur VBD 39396 495 6 in in IN 39396 495 7 1952 1952 CD 39396 495 8 , , , 39396 495 9 would would MD 39396 495 10 certainly certainly RB 39396 495 11 have have VB 39396 495 12 a a DT 39396 495 13 depressing depressing JJ 39396 495 14 effect effect NN 39396 495 15 on on IN 39396 495 16 both both DT 39396 495 17 . . . 39396 496 1 The the DT 39396 496 2 critical critical JJ 39396 496 3 factor factor NN 39396 496 4 seems seem VBZ 39396 496 5 to to TO 39396 496 6 be be VB 39396 496 7 the the DT 39396 496 8 supply supply NN 39396 496 9 of of IN 39396 496 10 new new JJ 39396 496 11 , , , 39396 496 12 actively actively RB 39396 496 13 growing grow VBG 39396 496 14 shoots shoot NNS 39396 496 15 available available JJ 39396 496 16 to to IN 39396 496 17 the the DT 39396 496 18 voles vole NNS 39396 496 19 for for IN 39396 496 20 food food NN 39396 496 21 rather rather RB 39396 496 22 than than IN 39396 496 23 the the DT 39396 496 24 total total JJ 39396 496 25 amount amount NN 39396 496 26 of of IN 39396 496 27 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 496 28 . . . 39396 497 1 As as RB 39396 497 2 far far RB 39396 497 3 as as IN 39396 497 4 could could MD 39396 497 5 be be VB 39396 497 6 determined determine VBN 39396 497 7 from from IN 39396 497 8 the the DT 39396 497 9 small small JJ 39396 497 10 sample sample NN 39396 497 11 of of IN 39396 497 12 males male NNS 39396 497 13 examined examine VBN 39396 497 14 , , , 39396 497 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 497 16 fecundity fecundity NN 39396 497 17 was be VBD 39396 497 18 not not RB 39396 497 19 affected affect VBN 39396 497 20 by by IN 39396 497 21 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 497 22 . . . 39396 498 1 Some some DT 39396 498 2 decrease decrease NN 39396 498 3 in in IN 39396 498 4 the the DT 39396 498 5 percentage percentage NN 39396 498 6 of of IN 39396 498 7 males male NNS 39396 498 8 that that WDT 39396 498 9 were be VBD 39396 498 10 fecund fecund VBN 39396 498 11 was be VBD 39396 498 12 noted note VBN 39396 498 13 in in IN 39396 498 14 the the DT 39396 498 15 winter winter NN 39396 498 16 and and CC 39396 498 17 was be VBD 39396 498 18 reported report VBN 39396 498 19 also also RB 39396 498 20 by by IN 39396 498 21 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 498 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 498 23 1947:145 1947:145 CD 39396 498 24 ) ) -RRB- 39396 498 25 but but CC 39396 498 26 most most JJS 39396 498 27 of of IN 39396 498 28 the the DT 39396 498 29 males male NNS 39396 498 30 in in IN 39396 498 31 any any DT 39396 498 32 sample sample NN 39396 498 33 were be VBD 39396 498 34 fecund fecund JJ 39396 498 35 . . . 39396 499 1 Thus thus RB 39396 499 2 any any DT 39396 499 3 depression depression NN 39396 499 4 in in IN 39396 499 5 the the DT 39396 499 6 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 499 7 rate rate NN 39396 499 8 was be VBD 39396 499 9 due due JJ 39396 499 10 to to IN 39396 499 11 loss loss NN 39396 499 12 of of IN 39396 499 13 fecundity fecundity NN 39396 499 14 by by IN 39396 499 15 females female NNS 39396 499 16 . . . 39396 500 1 This this DT 39396 500 2 was be VBD 39396 500 3 in in IN 39396 500 4 agreement agreement NN 39396 500 5 with with IN 39396 500 6 reports report NNS 39396 500 7 in in IN 39396 500 8 the the DT 39396 500 9 literature literature NN 39396 500 10 on on IN 39396 500 11 the the DT 39396 500 12 subject subject NN 39396 500 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 500 14 Baker Baker NNP 39396 500 15 and and CC 39396 500 16 Ransom Ransom NNP 39396 500 17 , , , 39396 500 18 1932a:320 1932a:320 CD 39396 500 19 ; ; , 39396 500 20 1932b:43 1932b:43 CD 39396 500 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 500 22 . . . 39396 501 1 The the DT 39396 501 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 501 3 coefficient coefficient NN 39396 501 4 between between IN 39396 501 5 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 501 6 and and CC 39396 501 7 the the DT 39396 501 8 percentage percentage NN 39396 501 9 of of IN 39396 501 10 adult adult NN 39396 501 11 females female NNS 39396 501 12 with with IN 39396 501 13 a a DT 39396 501 14 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 501 15 orifice orifice NN 39396 501 16 was be VBD 39396 501 17 0.53 0.53 CD 39396 501 18 . . . 39396 502 1 This this DT 39396 502 2 was be VBD 39396 502 3 considered consider VBN 39396 502 4 to to TO 39396 502 5 be be VB 39396 502 6 surprisingly surprisingly RB 39396 502 7 high high JJ 39396 502 8 in in IN 39396 502 9 view view NN 39396 502 10 of of IN 39396 502 11 the the DT 39396 502 12 expected expect VBN 39396 502 13 effects effect NNS 39396 502 14 on on IN 39396 502 15 the the DT 39396 502 16 breeding breeding NN 39396 502 17 rate rate NN 39396 502 18 of of IN 39396 502 19 temperature temperature NN 39396 502 20 , , , 39396 502 21 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 502 22 diet diet NN 39396 502 23 variations variation NNS 39396 502 24 and and CC 39396 502 25 whatever whatever WDT 39396 502 26 rhythms rhythm NNS 39396 502 27 were be VBD 39396 502 28 inherent inherent JJ 39396 502 29 in in IN 39396 502 30 the the DT 39396 502 31 voles vole NNS 39396 502 32 . . . 39396 503 1 When when WRB 39396 503 2 only only RB 39396 503 3 the the DT 39396 503 4 summer summer NN 39396 503 5 months month NNS 39396 503 6 were be VBD 39396 503 7 considered consider VBN 39396 503 8 the the DT 39396 503 9 correlation correlation NN 39396 503 10 coefficient coefficient NN 39396 503 11 between between IN 39396 503 12 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 503 13 and and CC 39396 503 14 the the DT 39396 503 15 percentage percentage NN 39396 503 16 of of IN 39396 503 17 adult adult NN 39396 503 18 females female NNS 39396 503 19 with with IN 39396 503 20 a a DT 39396 503 21 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 503 22 orifice orifice NN 39396 503 23 was be VBD 39396 503 24 0.84 0.84 CD 39396 503 25 . . . 39396 504 1 This this DT 39396 504 2 indicated indicate VBD 39396 504 3 that that IN 39396 504 4 , , , 39396 504 5 during during IN 39396 504 6 the the DT 39396 504 7 season season NN 39396 504 8 when when WRB 39396 504 9 breeding breeding NN 39396 504 10 was be VBD 39396 504 11 at at IN 39396 504 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 504 13 height height NN 39396 504 14 , , , 39396 504 15 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 504 16 was be VBD 39396 504 17 a a DT 39396 504 18 factor factor NN 39396 504 19 in in IN 39396 504 20 determining determine VBG 39396 504 21 the the DT 39396 504 22 rate rate NN 39396 504 23 of of IN 39396 504 24 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 504 25 and and CC 39396 504 26 when when WRB 39396 504 27 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 504 28 was be VBD 39396 504 29 scarce scarce JJ 39396 504 30 , , , 39396 504 31 as as IN 39396 504 32 in in IN 39396 504 33 the the DT 39396 504 34 summer summer NN 39396 504 35 of of IN 39396 504 36 1952 1952 CD 39396 504 37 , , , 39396 504 38 it -PRON- PRP 39396 504 39 seemed seem VBD 39396 504 40 to to TO 39396 504 41 be be VB 39396 504 42 a a DT 39396 504 43 limiting limit VBG 39396 504 44 factor factor NN 39396 504 45 ( ( -LRB- 39396 504 46 Fig fig NN 39396 504 47 . . . 39396 505 1 9 9 LS 39396 505 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 505 3 . . . 39396 506 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 506 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 506 3 : : : 39396 506 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 506 5 . . . 39396 507 1 9 9 CD 39396 507 2 . . . 39396 508 1 Comparison comparison NN 39396 508 2 between between IN 39396 508 3 monthly monthly JJ 39396 508 4 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 508 5 and and CC 39396 508 6 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 508 7 rate rate NN 39396 508 8 of of IN 39396 508 9 voles vole NNS 39396 508 10 in in IN 39396 508 11 summer summer NN 39396 508 12 . . . 39396 509 1 The the DT 39396 509 2 dry dry JJ 39396 509 3 summer summer NN 39396 509 4 of of IN 39396 509 5 1952 1952 CD 39396 509 6 caused cause VBD 39396 509 7 a a DT 39396 509 8 notable notable JJ 39396 509 9 decrease decrease NN 39396 509 10 in in IN 39396 509 11 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 509 12 activity activity NN 39396 509 13 . . . 39396 510 1 The the DT 39396 510 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 510 3 coefficient coefficient NN 39396 510 4 between between IN 39396 510 5 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 510 6 and and CC 39396 510 7 the the DT 39396 510 8 percentage percentage NN 39396 510 9 of of IN 39396 510 10 females female NNS 39396 510 11 with with IN 39396 510 12 a a DT 39396 510 13 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 510 14 orifice orifice NN 39396 510 15 was be VBD 39396 510 16 0.84 0.84 CD 39396 510 17 . . . 39396 510 18 ] ] -RRB- 39396 511 1 Of of IN 39396 511 2 the the DT 39396 511 3 total total JJ 39396 511 4 captures capture NNS 39396 511 5 20.6 20.6 CD 39396 511 6 per per IN 39396 511 7 cent cent NN 39396 511 8 involved involve VBN 39396 511 9 more more JJR 39396 511 10 than than IN 39396 511 11 one one CD 39396 511 12 individual individual NN 39396 511 13 . . . 39396 512 1 When when WRB 39396 512 2 the the DT 39396 512 3 distribution distribution NN 39396 512 4 of of IN 39396 512 5 these these DT 39396 512 6 multiple multiple JJ 39396 512 7 captures capture NNS 39396 512 8 was be VBD 39396 512 9 graphed graph VBN 39396 512 10 for for IN 39396 512 11 the the DT 39396 512 12 period period NN 39396 512 13 of of IN 39396 512 14 study study NN 39396 512 15 , , , 39396 512 16 a a DT 39396 512 17 high high JJ 39396 512 18 correlation correlation NN 39396 512 19 between between IN 39396 512 20 the the DT 39396 512 21 percentage percentage NN 39396 512 22 of of IN 39396 512 23 captures capture NNS 39396 512 24 that that WDT 39396 512 25 were be VBD 39396 512 26 multiple multiple JJ 39396 512 27 and and CC 39396 512 28 the the DT 39396 512 29 percentage percentage NN 39396 512 30 of of IN 39396 512 31 females female NNS 39396 512 32 with with IN 39396 512 33 a a DT 39396 512 34 vaginal vaginal JJ 39396 512 35 orifice orifice NN 39396 512 36 ( ( -LRB- 39396 512 37 r r NN 39396 512 38 = = SYM 39396 512 39 0.70 0.70 CD 39396 512 40 ) ) -RRB- 39396 512 41 was be VBD 39396 512 42 found find VBN 39396 512 43 . . . 39396 513 1 An an DT 39396 513 2 even even RB 39396 513 3 higher high JJR 39396 513 4 correlation correlation NN 39396 513 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 513 6 r r NN 39396 513 7 = = SYM 39396 513 8 0.76 0.76 CD 39396 513 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 513 10 was be VBD 39396 513 11 observed observe VBN 39396 513 12 between between IN 39396 513 13 the the DT 39396 513 14 percentage percentage NN 39396 513 15 of of IN 39396 513 16 captures capture NNS 39396 513 17 that that WDT 39396 513 18 were be VBD 39396 513 19 multiple multiple JJ 39396 513 20 and and CC 39396 513 21 the the DT 39396 513 22 population population NN 39396 513 23 density density NN 39396 513 24 . . . 39396 514 1 The the DT 39396 514 2 higher high JJR 39396 514 3 percentage percentage NN 39396 514 4 of of IN 39396 514 5 multiple multiple JJ 39396 514 6 captures capture NNS 39396 514 7 may may MD 39396 514 8 have have VB 39396 514 9 been be VBN 39396 514 10 largely largely RB 39396 514 11 a a DT 39396 514 12 result result NN 39396 514 13 of of IN 39396 514 14 fewer few JJR 39396 514 15 available available JJ 39396 514 16 traps trap NNS 39396 514 17 per per IN 39396 514 18 individual individual NN 39396 514 19 on on IN 39396 514 20 the the DT 39396 514 21 area area NN 39396 514 22 and and CC 39396 514 23 thus thus RB 39396 514 24 only only RB 39396 514 25 indirectly indirectly RB 39396 514 26 related relate VBD 39396 514 27 to to IN 39396 514 28 the the DT 39396 514 29 rate rate NN 39396 514 30 of of IN 39396 514 31 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 514 32 . . . 39396 515 1 Of of IN 39396 515 2 the the DT 39396 515 3 multiple multiple JJ 39396 515 4 captures capture NNS 39396 515 5 , , , 39396 515 6 66 66 CD 39396 515 7 per per IN 39396 515 8 cent cent NN 39396 515 9 involved involve VBN 39396 515 10 both both DT 39396 515 11 sexes sex NNS 39396 515 12 . . . 39396 516 1 The the DT 39396 516 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 516 3 coefficient coefficient NN 39396 516 4 between between IN 39396 516 5 the the DT 39396 516 6 percentage percentage NN 39396 516 7 of of IN 39396 516 8 captures capture NNS 39396 516 9 involving involve VBG 39396 516 10 both both CC 39396 516 11 sexes sex NNS 39396 516 12 and and CC 39396 516 13 the the DT 39396 516 14 level level NN 39396 516 15 of of IN 39396 516 16 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 516 17 activity activity NN 39396 516 18 was be VBD 39396 516 19 0.58 0.58 CD 39396 516 20 . . . 39396 517 1 Among among IN 39396 517 2 those those DT 39396 517 3 pairs pair NNS 39396 517 4 of of IN 39396 517 5 individuals individual NNS 39396 517 6 caught catch VBN 39396 517 7 together together RB 39396 517 8 more more RBR 39396 517 9 than than IN 39396 517 10 once once RB 39396 517 11 , , , 39396 517 12 61 61 CD 39396 517 13 per per NN 39396 517 14 cent cent NN 39396 517 15 were be VBD 39396 517 16 composed compose VBN 39396 517 17 of of IN 39396 517 18 both both DT 39396 517 19 sexes sex NNS 39396 517 20 . . . 39396 518 1 Among among IN 39396 518 2 those those DT 39396 518 3 pairs pair NNS 39396 518 4 taken take VBN 39396 518 5 together together RB 39396 518 6 three three CD 39396 518 7 or or CC 39396 518 8 more more JJR 39396 518 9 times time NNS 39396 518 10 76 76 CD 39396 518 11 per per IN 39396 518 12 cent cent NN 39396 518 13 were be VBD 39396 518 14 male male JJ 39396 518 15 and and CC 39396 518 16 female female JJ 39396 518 17 and and CC 39396 518 18 among among IN 39396 518 19 those those DT 39396 518 20 pairs pair NNS 39396 518 21 taken take VBN 39396 518 22 together together RB 39396 518 23 four four CD 39396 518 24 or or CC 39396 518 25 more more JJR 39396 518 26 times time NNS 39396 518 27 80 80 CD 39396 518 28 per per NN 39396 518 29 cent cent NN 39396 518 30 were be VBD 39396 518 31 male male JJ 39396 518 32 and and CC 39396 518 33 female female JJ 39396 518 34 . . . 39396 519 1 When when WRB 39396 519 2 adult adult NN 39396 519 3 voles vole NNS 39396 519 4 stayed stay VBD 39396 519 5 together together RB 39396 519 6 any any DT 39396 519 7 length length NN 39396 519 8 of of IN 39396 519 9 time time NN 39396 519 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 519 11 relationship relationship NN 39396 519 12 usually usually RB 39396 519 13 appeared appear VBD 39396 519 14 to to TO 39396 519 15 be be VB 39396 519 16 connected connect VBN 39396 519 17 with with IN 39396 519 18 sex sex NN 39396 519 19 . . . 39396 520 1 Family family NN 39396 520 2 groups group NNS 39396 520 3 were be VBD 39396 520 4 also also RB 39396 520 5 noted note VBN 39396 520 6 , , , 39396 520 7 as as IN 39396 520 8 pairs pair NNS 39396 520 9 were be VBD 39396 520 10 often often RB 39396 520 11 trapped trap VBN 39396 520 12 which which WDT 39396 520 13 seemed seem VBD 39396 520 14 to to TO 39396 520 15 be be VB 39396 520 16 mother mother NN 39396 520 17 and and CC 39396 520 18 offspring offspring NN 39396 520 19 . . . 39396 521 1 A a DT 39396 521 2 lactating lactate VBG 39396 521 3 female female NN 39396 521 4 would would MD 39396 521 5 sometimes sometimes RB 39396 521 6 enter enter VB 39396 521 7 a a DT 39396 521 8 trap trap NN 39396 521 9 even even RB 39396 521 10 after after IN 39396 521 11 it -PRON- PRP 39396 521 12 had have VBD 39396 521 13 been be VBN 39396 521 14 sprung spring VBN 39396 521 15 by by IN 39396 521 16 a a DT 39396 521 17 juvenile juvenile NN 39396 521 18 , , , 39396 521 19 presumably presumably RB 39396 521 20 her -PRON- PRP$ 39396 521 21 offspring offspring NN 39396 521 22 , , , 39396 521 23 or or CC 39396 521 24 a a DT 39396 521 25 juvenal juvenal JJ 39396 521 26 vole vole NNP 39396 521 27 would would MD 39396 521 28 enter enter VB 39396 521 29 a a DT 39396 521 30 trap trap NN 39396 521 31 after after IN 39396 521 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 521 33 mother mother NN 39396 521 34 had have VBD 39396 521 35 been be VBN 39396 521 36 captured capture VBN 39396 521 37 . . . 39396 522 1 Such such JJ 39396 522 2 family family NN 39396 522 3 groups group NNS 39396 522 4 persisted persist VBD 39396 522 5 only only RB 39396 522 6 until until IN 39396 522 7 the the DT 39396 522 8 young young JJ 39396 522 9 voles vole NNS 39396 522 10 had have VBD 39396 522 11 been be VBN 39396 522 12 weaned wean VBN 39396 522 13 . . . 39396 523 1 The the DT 39396 523 2 youngest young JJS 39396 523 3 female female NN 39396 523 4 known know VBN 39396 523 5 to to TO 39396 523 6 be be VB 39396 523 7 gravid gravid JJ 39396 523 8 was be VBD 39396 523 9 26 26 CD 39396 523 10 days day NNS 39396 523 11 old old JJ 39396 523 12 and and CC 39396 523 13 weighed weigh VBD 39396 523 14 28 28 CD 39396 523 15 grams gram NNS 39396 523 16 . . . 39396 524 1 During during IN 39396 524 2 summer summer NN 39396 524 3 most most JJS 39396 524 4 of of IN 39396 524 5 the the DT 39396 524 6 females female NNS 39396 524 7 were be VBD 39396 524 8 gravid gravid JJ 39396 524 9 before before IN 39396 524 10 they -PRON- PRP 39396 524 11 were be VBD 39396 524 12 six six CD 39396 524 13 weeks week NNS 39396 524 14 old old JJ 39396 524 15 , , , 39396 524 16 although although IN 39396 524 17 females female NNS 39396 524 18 born bear VBN 39396 524 19 in in IN 39396 524 20 October October NNP 39396 524 21 and and CC 39396 524 22 after after RB 39396 524 23 were be VBD 39396 524 24 often often RB 39396 524 25 more more JJR 39396 524 26 than than IN 39396 524 27 15 15 CD 39396 524 28 weeks week NNS 39396 524 29 old old JJ 39396 524 30 before before IN 39396 524 31 they -PRON- PRP 39396 524 32 became become VBD 39396 524 33 gravid gravid JJ 39396 524 34 . . . 39396 525 1 The the DT 39396 525 2 youngest young JJS 39396 525 3 male male NN 39396 525 4 known know VBN 39396 525 5 to to TO 39396 525 6 be be VB 39396 525 7 fecund fecund VBN 39396 525 8 was be VBD 39396 525 9 approximately approximately RB 39396 525 10 six six CD 39396 525 11 weeks week NNS 39396 525 12 old old JJ 39396 525 13 . . . 39396 526 1 Male male JJ 39396 526 2 fecundity fecundity NN 39396 526 3 was be VBD 39396 526 4 determined determine VBN 39396 526 5 as as IN 39396 526 6 described describe VBN 39396 526 7 by by IN 39396 526 8 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 526 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 526 10 1950 1950 CD 39396 526 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 526 12 . . . 39396 527 1 Difference difference NN 39396 527 2 in in IN 39396 527 3 the the DT 39396 527 4 age age NN 39396 527 5 of of IN 39396 527 6 attainment attainment JJ 39396 527 7 of of IN 39396 527 8 sexual sexual JJ 39396 527 9 maturity maturity NN 39396 527 10 serves serve VBZ 39396 527 11 to to TO 39396 527 12 reduce reduce VB 39396 527 13 the the DT 39396 527 14 mating mating NN 39396 527 15 of of IN 39396 527 16 litter litter NN 39396 527 17 mates mate NNS 39396 527 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 527 19 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 527 20 , , , 39396 527 21 1941:7 1941:7 CD 39396 527 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 527 23 and and CC 39396 527 24 has have VBZ 39396 527 25 been be VBN 39396 527 26 noticed notice VBN 39396 527 27 in in IN 39396 527 28 various various JJ 39396 527 29 species specie NNS 39396 527 30 of of IN 39396 527 31 the the DT 39396 527 32 genus genus NNP 39396 527 33 _ _ NNP 39396 527 34 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 527 35 _ _ NNP 39396 527 36 by by IN 39396 527 37 several several JJ 39396 527 38 authors author NNS 39396 527 39 ( ( -LRB- 39396 527 40 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 527 41 , , , 39396 527 42 1924:529 1924:529 CD 39396 527 43 ; ; : 39396 527 44 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 527 45 , , , 39396 527 46 1935:264 1935:264 CD 39396 527 47 ; ; : 39396 527 48 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 527 49 , , , 39396 527 50 _ _ NNP 39396 527 51 loc loc NN 39396 527 52 . . . 39396 528 1 cit cit NNP 39396 528 2 . . . 39396 528 3 _ _ NNP 39396 528 4 ; ; : 39396 528 5 Leslie Leslie NNP 39396 528 6 and and CC 39396 528 7 Ransom Ransom NNP 39396 528 8 , , , 39396 528 9 1940:32 1940:32 CD 39396 528 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 528 11 . . . 39396 529 1 For for IN 39396 529 2 35 35 CD 39396 529 3 females female NNS 39396 529 4 , , , 39396 529 5 each each DT 39396 529 6 of of IN 39396 529 7 which which WDT 39396 529 8 was be VBD 39396 529 9 caught catch VBN 39396 529 10 at at IN 39396 529 11 least least JJS 39396 529 12 once once RB 39396 529 13 each each DT 39396 529 14 month month NN 39396 529 15 for for IN 39396 529 16 ten ten CD 39396 529 17 consecutive consecutive JJ 39396 529 18 months month NNS 39396 529 19 or or CC 39396 529 20 longer long RBR 39396 529 21 , , , 39396 529 22 the the DT 39396 529 23 mean mean JJ 39396 529 24 number number NN 39396 529 25 of of IN 39396 529 26 litters litter NNS 39396 529 27 per per IN 39396 529 28 year year NN 39396 529 29 was be VBD 39396 529 30 4.07 4.07 CD 39396 529 31 . . . 39396 530 1 Certain certain JJ 39396 530 2 of of IN 39396 530 3 the the DT 39396 530 4 more more RBR 39396 530 5 productive productive JJ 39396 530 6 members member NNS 39396 530 7 of of IN 39396 530 8 the the DT 39396 530 9 group group NN 39396 530 10 produced produce VBD 39396 530 11 11 11 CD 39396 530 12 litters litter NNS 39396 530 13 in in IN 39396 530 14 16 16 CD 39396 530 15 months month NNS 39396 530 16 . . . 39396 531 1 _ _ NNP 39396 531 2 M. M. NNP 39396 532 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 532 2 _ _ NNP 39396 532 3 seems seem VBZ 39396 532 4 to to TO 39396 532 5 be be VB 39396 532 6 less less RBR 39396 532 7 prolific prolific JJ 39396 532 8 than than IN 39396 532 9 _ _ NNP 39396 532 10 M. M. NNP 39396 533 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 533 2 _ _ NNP 39396 533 3 . . . 39396 534 1 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 534 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 534 3 1924:528 1924:528 CD 39396 534 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 534 5 reported report VBD 39396 534 6 that that IN 39396 534 7 one one CD 39396 534 8 female female JJ 39396 534 9 meadow meadow NNP 39396 534 10 vole vole NNP 39396 534 11 delivered deliver VBD 39396 534 12 17 17 CD 39396 534 13 litters litter NNS 39396 534 14 in in IN 39396 534 15 12 12 CD 39396 534 16 months month NNS 39396 534 17 . . . 39396 535 1 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 535 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 535 3 1941:14 1941:14 CD 39396 535 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 535 5 considered consider VBD 39396 535 6 17 17 CD 39396 535 7 litters litter NNS 39396 535 8 per per IN 39396 535 9 year year NN 39396 535 10 to to TO 39396 535 11 be be VB 39396 535 12 the the DT 39396 535 13 maximum maximum NN 39396 535 14 and and CC 39396 535 15 stated state VBD 39396 535 16 that that IN 39396 535 17 in in IN 39396 535 18 years year NNS 39396 535 19 when when WRB 39396 535 20 the the DT 39396 535 21 vole vole NNP 39396 535 22 population population NN 39396 535 23 was be VBD 39396 535 24 low low JJ 39396 535 25 the the DT 39396 535 26 females female NNS 39396 535 27 produced produce VBD 39396 535 28 an an DT 39396 535 29 average average NN 39396 535 30 of of IN 39396 535 31 five five CD 39396 535 32 to to TO 39396 535 33 six six CD 39396 535 34 litters litter NNS 39396 535 35 per per IN 39396 535 36 year year NN 39396 535 37 . . . 39396 536 1 In in IN 39396 536 2 " " `` 39396 536 3 mouse mouse NN 39396 536 4 years year NNS 39396 536 5 " " '' 39396 536 6 the the DT 39396 536 7 average average NN 39396 536 8 rose rise VBD 39396 536 9 to to IN 39396 536 10 eight eight CD 39396 536 11 to to TO 39396 536 12 ten ten CD 39396 536 13 litters litter NNS 39396 536 14 per per IN 39396 536 15 year year NN 39396 536 16 . . . 39396 537 1 During during IN 39396 537 2 this this DT 39396 537 3 study study NN 39396 537 4 several several JJ 39396 537 5 females female NNS 39396 537 6 delivered deliver VBD 39396 537 7 two two CD 39396 537 8 or or CC 39396 537 9 more more JJR 39396 537 10 litters litter NNS 39396 537 11 in in IN 39396 537 12 rapid rapid JJ 39396 537 13 succession succession NN 39396 537 14 . . . 39396 538 1 This this DT 39396 538 2 was be VBD 39396 538 3 noted note VBN 39396 538 4 more more RBR 39396 538 5 frequently frequently RB 39396 538 6 in in IN 39396 538 7 spring spring NN 39396 538 8 and and CC 39396 538 9 early early JJ 39396 538 10 summer summer NN 39396 538 11 than than IN 39396 538 12 in in IN 39396 538 13 other other JJ 39396 538 14 parts part NNS 39396 538 15 of of IN 39396 538 16 the the DT 39396 538 17 year year NN 39396 538 18 . . . 39396 539 1 Those those DT 39396 539 2 females female NNS 39396 539 3 which which WDT 39396 539 4 produced produce VBD 39396 539 5 two two CD 39396 539 6 or or CC 39396 539 7 three three CD 39396 539 8 litters litter NNS 39396 539 9 in in IN 39396 539 10 rapid rapid JJ 39396 539 11 succession succession NN 39396 539 12 in in IN 39396 539 13 spring spring NN 39396 539 14 and and CC 39396 539 15 early early JJ 39396 539 16 summer summer NN 39396 539 17 often often RB 39396 539 18 did do VBD 39396 539 19 not not RB 39396 539 20 litter litter VB 39396 539 21 again again RB 39396 539 22 until until IN 39396 539 23 fall fall NN 39396 539 24 . . . 39396 540 1 Post post JJ 39396 540 2 - - JJ 39396 540 3 parous parous JJ 39396 540 4 copulation copulation NN 39396 540 5 has have VBZ 39396 540 6 been be VBN 39396 540 7 observed observe VBN 39396 540 8 in in IN 39396 540 9 _ _ NNP 39396 540 10 M. M. NNP 39396 541 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 541 2 _ _ NNP 39396 541 3 by by IN 39396 541 4 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 541 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 541 6 1924:528 1924:528 CD 39396 541 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 541 8 and and CC 39396 541 9 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 541 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 541 11 1940:429 1940:429 CD 39396 541 12 ; ; : 39396 541 13 1949:259 1949:259 CD 39396 541 14 ) ) -RRB- 39396 541 15 and and CC 39396 541 16 probably probably RB 39396 541 17 occurs occur VBZ 39396 541 18 also also RB 39396 541 19 in in IN 39396 541 20 _ _ NNP 39396 541 21 M. M. NNP 39396 542 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 542 2 _ _ NNP 39396 542 3 . . . 39396 543 1 The the DT 39396 543 2 gestation gestation NN 39396 543 3 period period NN 39396 543 4 was be VBD 39396 543 5 approximately approximately RB 39396 543 6 21 21 CD 39396 543 7 days day NNS 39396 543 8 , , , 39396 543 9 the the DT 39396 543 10 same same JJ 39396 543 11 as as IN 39396 543 12 reported report VBN 39396 543 13 for for IN 39396 543 14 _ _ NNP 39396 543 15 M. M. NNP 39396 544 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 544 2 _ _ NNP 39396 544 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 544 4 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 544 5 , , , 39396 544 6 _ _ NNP 39396 544 7 loc loc NNP 39396 544 8 . . . 39396 545 1 cit cit NNP 39396 545 2 . . . 39396 545 3 _ _ NNP 39396 545 4 ; ; : 39396 545 5 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 545 6 , , , 39396 545 7 1941:13 1941:13 CD 39396 545 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 545 9 and and CC 39396 545 10 _ _ NNP 39396 545 11 M. M. NNP 39396 546 1 californicus californicus NNP 39396 546 2 _ _ NNP 39396 546 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 546 4 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 546 5 , , , 39396 546 6 1935:264 1935:264 CD 39396 546 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 546 8 . . . 39396 547 1 A a DT 39396 547 2 more more RBR 39396 547 3 precise precise JJ 39396 547 4 study study NN 39396 547 5 of of IN 39396 547 6 the the DT 39396 547 7 breeding breeding NN 39396 547 8 habits habit NNS 39396 547 9 of of IN 39396 547 10 _ _ NNP 39396 547 11 M. M. NNP 39396 548 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 548 2 _ _ NNP 39396 548 3 failed fail VBD 39396 548 4 to to TO 39396 548 5 materialize materialize VB 39396 548 6 when when WRB 39396 548 7 the the DT 39396 548 8 voles vole NNS 39396 548 9 refused refuse VBD 39396 548 10 to to TO 39396 548 11 breed breed VB 39396 548 12 in in IN 39396 548 13 captivity captivity NN 39396 548 14 . . . 39396 549 1 Fisher fisher NN 39396 549 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 549 3 1945:437 1945:437 CD 39396 549 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 549 5 also also RB 39396 549 6 reported report VBD 39396 549 7 that that IN 39396 549 8 _ _ NNP 39396 549 9 M. M. NNP 39396 550 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 550 2 _ _ NNP 39396 550 3 failed fail VBD 39396 550 4 to to TO 39396 550 5 breed breed VB 39396 550 6 in in IN 39396 550 7 captivity captivity NN 39396 550 8 although although IN 39396 550 9 _ _ NNP 39396 550 10 M. M. NNP 39396 551 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 551 2 _ _ NNP 39396 551 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 551 4 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 551 5 , , , 39396 551 6 1924 1924 CD 39396 551 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 551 8 and and CC 39396 551 9 _ _ NNP 39396 551 10 M. M. NNP 39396 552 1 californicus californicus NNP 39396 552 2 _ _ NNP 39396 552 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 552 4 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 552 5 , , , 39396 552 6 1935 1935 CD 39396 552 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 552 8 reproduced reproduce VBD 39396 552 9 readily readily RB 39396 552 10 in in IN 39396 552 11 the the DT 39396 552 12 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 552 13 . . . 39396 553 1 Litter Litter NNP 39396 553 2 Size Size NNP 39396 553 3 and and CC 39396 553 4 Weight Weight NNP 39396 553 5 In in IN 39396 553 6 the the DT 39396 553 7 course course NN 39396 553 8 of of IN 39396 553 9 this this DT 39396 553 10 study study NN 39396 553 11 65 65 CD 39396 553 12 litters litter NNS 39396 553 13 were be VBD 39396 553 14 observed observe VBN 39396 553 15 . . . 39396 554 1 The the DT 39396 554 2 mean mean JJ 39396 554 3 number number NN 39396 554 4 of of IN 39396 554 5 young young JJ 39396 554 6 per per IN 39396 554 7 litter litter NN 39396 554 8 was be VBD 39396 554 9 3.18 3.18 CD 39396 554 10 ± ± CD 39396 554 11 0.24 0.24 CD 39396 554 12 and and CC 39396 554 13 the the DT 39396 554 14 median median NN 39396 554 15 was be VBD 39396 554 16 three three CD 39396 554 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 554 18 Fig fig NN 39396 554 19 . . . 39396 555 1 10 10 LS 39396 555 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 555 3 . . . 39396 556 1 Three three CD 39396 556 2 litters litter NNS 39396 556 3 contained contain VBN 39396 556 4 but but CC 39396 556 5 one one CD 39396 556 6 individual individual NN 39396 556 7 and and CC 39396 556 8 the the DT 39396 556 9 largest large JJS 39396 556 10 litter litter NN 39396 556 11 contained contain VBD 39396 556 12 six six CD 39396 556 13 individuals individual NNS 39396 556 14 . . . 39396 557 1 Other other JJ 39396 557 2 investigators investigator NNS 39396 557 3 have have VBP 39396 557 4 reported report VBN 39396 557 5 the the DT 39396 557 6 number number NN 39396 557 7 of of IN 39396 557 8 young young JJ 39396 557 9 per per IN 39396 557 10 litter litter NN 39396 557 11 in in IN 39396 557 12 _ _ NNP 39396 557 13 M. M. NNP 39396 558 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 558 2 _ _ NNP 39396 558 3 as as IN 39396 558 4 three three CD 39396 558 5 or or CC 39396 558 6 four four CD 39396 558 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 558 8 Lantz Lantz NNP 39396 558 9 , , , 39396 558 10 1907:18 1907:18 CD 39396 558 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 558 12 and and CC 39396 558 13 3.4 3.4 CD 39396 558 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 558 15 1 1 CD 39396 558 16 - - SYM 39396 558 17 7 7 CD 39396 558 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 558 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 558 20 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 558 21 , , , 39396 558 22 1947:146 1947:146 CD 39396 558 23 ) ) -RRB- 39396 558 24 . . . 39396 559 1 _ _ NNP 39396 559 2 M. M. NNP 39396 560 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 560 2 _ _ NNP 39396 560 3 seems seem VBZ 39396 560 4 to to TO 39396 560 5 have have VB 39396 560 6 larger large JJR 39396 560 7 litters litter NNS 39396 560 8 . . . 39396 561 1 Although although IN 39396 561 2 Poiley Poiley NNP 39396 561 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 561 4 1949:317 1949:317 CD 39396 561 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 561 6 found find VBD 39396 561 7 the the DT 39396 561 8 mean mean JJ 39396 561 9 size size NN 39396 561 10 of of IN 39396 561 11 416 416 CD 39396 561 12 litters litter NNS 39396 561 13 to to TO 39396 561 14 be be VB 39396 561 15 only only RB 39396 561 16 3.72 3.72 CD 39396 561 17 ± ± CD 39396 561 18 0.18 0.18 CD 39396 561 19 , , , 39396 561 20 both both DT 39396 561 21 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 561 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 561 23 1924:528 1924:528 CD 39396 561 24 ) ) -RRB- 39396 561 25 and and CC 39396 561 26 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 561 27 ( ( -LRB- 39396 561 28 1941:15 1941:15 CD 39396 561 29 ) ) -RRB- 39396 561 30 found find VBD 39396 561 31 five five CD 39396 561 32 to to TO 39396 561 33 be be VB 39396 561 34 the the DT 39396 561 35 commonest common JJS 39396 561 36 number number NN 39396 561 37 of of IN 39396 561 38 young young JJ 39396 561 39 per per IN 39396 561 40 litter litter NN 39396 561 41 in in IN 39396 561 42 that that DT 39396 561 43 species specie NNS 39396 561 44 . . . 39396 562 1 Leslie Leslie NNP 39396 562 2 and and CC 39396 562 3 Ransom Ransom NNP 39396 562 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 562 5 1940:29 1940:29 NNP 39396 562 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 562 7 reported report VBD 39396 562 8 the the DT 39396 562 9 average average JJ 39396 562 10 number number NN 39396 562 11 of of IN 39396 562 12 live live JJ 39396 562 13 births birth NNS 39396 562 14 per per IN 39396 562 15 litter litter NN 39396 562 16 to to TO 39396 562 17 be be VB 39396 562 18 3.61 3.61 CD 39396 562 19 in in IN 39396 562 20 the the DT 39396 562 21 British british JJ 39396 562 22 vole vole NNP 39396 562 23 , , , 39396 562 24 _ _ NNP 39396 562 25 M. M. NNP 39396 563 1 agrestis agrestis NNP 39396 563 2 _ _ NNP 39396 563 3 . . . 39396 564 1 Selle Selle NNP 39396 564 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 564 3 1928:96 1928:96 NNP 39396 564 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 564 5 reported report VBD 39396 564 6 the the DT 39396 564 7 average average JJ 39396 564 8 size size NN 39396 564 9 of of IN 39396 564 10 five five CD 39396 564 11 litters litter NNS 39396 564 12 of of IN 39396 564 13 _ _ NNP 39396 564 14 M. M. NNP 39396 565 1 californicus californicus NNP 39396 565 2 _ _ NNP 39396 565 3 to to TO 39396 565 4 be be VB 39396 565 5 4.8 4.8 CD 39396 565 6 . . . 39396 566 1 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 566 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 566 3 1935:265 1935:265 CD 39396 566 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 566 5 , , , 39396 566 6 working work VBG 39396 566 7 with with IN 39396 566 8 the the DT 39396 566 9 same same JJ 39396 566 10 species specie NNS 39396 566 11 , , , 39396 566 12 found find VBD 39396 566 13 that that IN 39396 566 14 litter litter JJ 39396 566 15 size size NN 39396 566 16 varied vary VBD 39396 566 17 directly directly RB 39396 566 18 with with IN 39396 566 19 the the DT 39396 566 20 age age NN 39396 566 21 of of IN 39396 566 22 the the DT 39396 566 23 female female NN 39396 566 24 producing produce VBG 39396 566 25 the the DT 39396 566 26 litter litter NN 39396 566 27 . . . 39396 567 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 567 2 reported report VBD 39396 567 3 litters litter NNS 39396 567 4 of of IN 39396 567 5 young young JJ 39396 567 6 females female NNS 39396 567 7 as as IN 39396 567 8 two two CD 39396 567 9 to to TO 39396 567 10 four four CD 39396 567 11 young young JJ 39396 567 12 per per IN 39396 567 13 litter litter NN 39396 567 14 and and CC 39396 567 15 of of IN 39396 567 16 older old JJR 39396 567 17 females female NNS 39396 567 18 as as IN 39396 567 19 five five CD 39396 567 20 to to TO 39396 567 21 seven seven CD 39396 567 22 young young JJ 39396 567 23 per per IN 39396 567 24 litter litter NN 39396 567 25 . . . 39396 568 1 In in IN 39396 568 2 the the DT 39396 568 3 litters litter NNS 39396 568 4 of of IN 39396 568 5 _ _ NNP 39396 568 6 M. M. NNP 39396 569 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 569 2 _ _ NNP 39396 569 3 that that WRB 39396 569 4 I -PRON- PRP 39396 569 5 examined examine VBD 39396 569 6 , , , 39396 569 7 young young JJ 39396 569 8 females female NNS 39396 569 9 did do VBD 39396 569 10 not not RB 39396 569 11 have have VB 39396 569 12 more more JJR 39396 569 13 than than IN 39396 569 14 three three CD 39396 569 15 young young JJ 39396 569 16 and and CC 39396 569 17 usually usually RB 39396 569 18 had have VBD 39396 569 19 but but CC 39396 569 20 two two CD 39396 569 21 . . . 39396 570 1 However however RB 39396 570 2 , , , 39396 570 3 older old JJR 39396 570 4 females female NNS 39396 570 5 had have VBD 39396 570 6 litters litter NNS 39396 570 7 of of IN 39396 570 8 one one CD 39396 570 9 , , , 39396 570 10 two two CD 39396 570 11 and and CC 39396 570 12 three three CD 39396 570 13 often often RB 39396 570 14 enough enough RB 39396 570 15 so so IN 39396 570 16 that that IN 39396 570 17 no no DT 39396 570 18 relationship relationship NN 39396 570 19 , , , 39396 570 20 as as IN 39396 570 21 described describe VBN 39396 570 22 above above RB 39396 570 23 , , , 39396 570 24 was be VBD 39396 570 25 indicated indicate VBN 39396 570 26 clearly clearly RB 39396 570 27 . . . 39396 571 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 571 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 571 3 : : : 39396 571 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 571 5 . . . 39396 572 1 10 10 CD 39396 572 2 . . . 39396 573 1 Distribution distribution NN 39396 573 2 of of IN 39396 573 3 litter litter NN 39396 573 4 size size NN 39396 573 5 among among IN 39396 573 6 65 65 CD 39396 573 7 litters litter NNS 39396 573 8 of of IN 39396 573 9 voles vole NNS 39396 573 10 . . . 39396 573 11 ] ] -RRB- 39396 574 1 No no DT 39396 574 2 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 574 3 variation variation NN 39396 574 4 in in IN 39396 574 5 litter litter NN 39396 574 6 size size NN 39396 574 7 was be VBD 39396 574 8 noted note VBN 39396 574 9 . . . 39396 575 1 The the DT 39396 575 2 mean mean JJ 39396 575 3 size size NN 39396 575 4 of of IN 39396 575 5 the the DT 39396 575 6 litters litter NNS 39396 575 7 in in IN 39396 575 8 1950 1950 CD 39396 575 9 , , , 39396 575 10 2.68 2.68 CD 39396 575 11 ± ± CD 39396 575 12 0.30 0.30 CD 39396 575 13 , , , 39396 575 14 was be VBD 39396 575 15 significantly significantly RB 39396 575 16 lower low JJR 39396 575 17 than than IN 39396 575 18 that that DT 39396 575 19 found find VBN 39396 575 20 in in IN 39396 575 21 1951 1951 CD 39396 575 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 575 23 3.76 3.76 CD 39396 575 24 ± ± CD 39396 575 25 0.20 0.20 CD 39396 575 26 ) ) -RRB- 39396 575 27 but but CC 39396 575 28 neither neither DT 39396 575 29 differed differ VBD 39396 575 30 significantly significantly RB 39396 575 31 from from IN 39396 575 32 the the DT 39396 575 33 mean mean JJ 39396 575 34 size size NN 39396 575 35 of of IN 39396 575 36 litters litter NNS 39396 575 37 in in IN 39396 575 38 1952 1952 CD 39396 575 39 ( ( -LRB- 39396 575 40 3.35 3.35 CD 39396 575 41 ± ± CD 39396 575 42 0.66 0.66 CD 39396 575 43 ) ) -RRB- 39396 575 44 . . . 39396 576 1 The the DT 39396 576 2 lower low JJR 39396 576 3 mean mean JJ 39396 576 4 size size NN 39396 576 5 of of IN 39396 576 6 litters litter NNS 39396 576 7 was be VBD 39396 576 8 in in IN 39396 576 9 part part NN 39396 576 10 coincidental coincidental JJ 39396 576 11 with with IN 39396 576 12 a a DT 39396 576 13 high high JJ 39396 576 14 population population NN 39396 576 15 level level NN 39396 576 16 and and CC 39396 576 17 the the DT 39396 576 18 higher high JJR 39396 576 19 mean mean NN 39396 576 20 of of IN 39396 576 21 the the DT 39396 576 22 two two CD 39396 576 23 later later JJ 39396 576 24 years year NNS 39396 576 25 was be VBD 39396 576 26 in in IN 39396 576 27 part part NN 39396 576 28 coincidental coincidental JJ 39396 576 29 with with IN 39396 576 30 a a DT 39396 576 31 low low JJ 39396 576 32 population population NN 39396 576 33 level level NN 39396 576 34 . . . 39396 577 1 Since since IN 39396 577 2 a a DT 39396 577 3 sharp sharp JJ 39396 577 4 break break NN 39396 577 5 in in IN 39396 577 6 the the DT 39396 577 7 curve curve NN 39396 577 8 for for IN 39396 577 9 population population NN 39396 577 10 density density NN 39396 577 11 occurred occur VBD 39396 577 12 after after IN 39396 577 13 the the DT 39396 577 14 flood flood NN 39396 577 15 in in IN 39396 577 16 July July NNP 39396 577 17 , , , 39396 577 18 1951 1951 CD 39396 577 19 , , , 39396 577 20 the the DT 39396 577 21 litters litter NNS 39396 577 22 were be VBD 39396 577 23 arranged arrange VBN 39396 577 24 in in IN 39396 577 25 pre pre JJ 39396 577 26 - - JJ 39396 577 27 flood flood JJ 39396 577 28 and and CC 39396 577 29 post post JJ 39396 577 30 - - JJ 39396 577 31 flood flood JJ 39396 577 32 categories category NNS 39396 577 33 for for IN 39396 577 34 study study NN 39396 577 35 . . . 39396 578 1 Pre pre JJ 39396 578 2 - - JJ 39396 578 3 flood flood JJ 39396 578 4 litters litter NNS 39396 578 5 averaged average VBD 39396 578 6 3.07 3.07 CD 39396 578 7 ± ± CD 39396 578 8 0.28 0.28 CD 39396 578 9 young young JJ 39396 578 10 per per IN 39396 578 11 litter litter NN 39396 578 12 whereas whereas IN 39396 578 13 post post JJ 39396 578 14 - - JJ 39396 578 15 flood flood JJ 39396 578 16 litters litter NNS 39396 578 17 averaged average VBD 39396 578 18 3.34 3.34 CD 39396 578 19 ± ± CD 39396 578 20 0.48 0.48 CD 39396 578 21 . . . 39396 579 1 This this DT 39396 579 2 difference difference NN 39396 579 3 was be VBD 39396 579 4 not not RB 39396 579 5 significant significant JJ 39396 579 6 . . . 39396 580 1 Increase increase VB 39396 580 2 in in IN 39396 580 3 litter litter NN 39396 580 4 size size NN 39396 580 5 , , , 39396 580 6 if if IN 39396 580 7 it -PRON- PRP 39396 580 8 had have VBD 39396 580 9 actually actually RB 39396 580 10 occurred occur VBN 39396 580 11 , , , 39396 580 12 might may MD 39396 580 13 have have VB 39396 580 14 been be VBN 39396 580 15 a a DT 39396 580 16 response response NN 39396 580 17 to to IN 39396 580 18 the the DT 39396 580 19 increasing increase VBG 39396 580 20 food food NN 39396 580 21 supply supply NN 39396 580 22 and and CC 39396 580 23 lower low JJR 39396 580 24 population population NN 39396 580 25 density density NN 39396 580 26 after after IN 39396 580 27 the the DT 39396 580 28 flood flood NN 39396 580 29 . . . 39396 581 1 A a DT 39396 581 2 difference difference NN 39396 581 3 in in IN 39396 581 4 the the DT 39396 581 5 mean mean JJ 39396 581 6 number number NN 39396 581 7 of of IN 39396 581 8 young young JJ 39396 581 9 per per IN 39396 581 10 litter litter NN 39396 581 11 was be VBD 39396 581 12 noted note VBN 39396 581 13 for for IN 39396 581 14 those those DT 39396 581 15 litters litter NNS 39396 581 16 delivered deliver VBN 39396 581 17 in in IN 39396 581 18 traps trap NNS 39396 581 19 as as IN 39396 581 20 compared compare VBN 39396 581 21 with with IN 39396 581 22 those those DT 39396 581 23 delivered deliver VBN 39396 581 24 in in IN 39396 581 25 captivity captivity NN 39396 581 26 and and CC 39396 581 27 the the DT 39396 581 28 numbers number NNS 39396 581 29 of of IN 39396 581 30 embryos embryo NNS 39396 581 31 examined examine VBN 39396 581 32 in in IN 39396 581 33 the the DT 39396 581 34 uterus uterus NN 39396 581 35 . . . 39396 582 1 The the DT 39396 582 2 mean mean JJ 39396 582 3 number number NN 39396 582 4 of of IN 39396 582 5 embryos embryo NNS 39396 582 6 per per IN 39396 582 7 female female NN 39396 582 8 was be VBD 39396 582 9 higher high JJR 39396 582 10 than than IN 39396 582 11 the the DT 39396 582 12 mean mean JJ 39396 582 13 number number NN 39396 582 14 of of IN 39396 582 15 young young JJ 39396 582 16 per per IN 39396 582 17 litter litter NN 39396 582 18 delivered deliver VBN 39396 582 19 in in IN 39396 582 20 captivity captivity NN 39396 582 21 and and CC 39396 582 22 the the DT 39396 582 23 mean mean JJ 39396 582 24 number number NN 39396 582 25 of of IN 39396 582 26 young young JJ 39396 582 27 per per IN 39396 582 28 litter litter NN 39396 582 29 delivered deliver VBN 39396 582 30 in in IN 39396 582 31 traps trap NNS 39396 582 32 was be VBD 39396 582 33 lower low JJR 39396 582 34 than than IN 39396 582 35 in in IN 39396 582 36 those those DT 39396 582 37 delivered deliver VBN 39396 582 38 in in IN 39396 582 39 captivity captivity NN 39396 582 40 . . . 39396 583 1 The the DT 39396 583 2 differences difference NNS 39396 583 3 were be VBD 39396 583 4 not not RB 39396 583 5 statistically statistically RB 39396 583 6 significant significant JJ 39396 583 7 . . . 39396 584 1 In in IN 39396 584 2 some some DT 39396 584 3 instances instance NNS 39396 584 4 females female NNS 39396 584 5 that that WDT 39396 584 6 delivered deliver VBD 39396 584 7 young young JJ 39396 584 8 voles vole NNS 39396 584 9 in in IN 39396 584 10 traps trap NNS 39396 584 11 may may MD 39396 584 12 have have VB 39396 584 13 delivered deliver VBN 39396 584 14 others other NNS 39396 584 15 prior prior RB 39396 584 16 to to IN 39396 584 17 entering enter VBG 39396 584 18 the the DT 39396 584 19 trap trap NN 39396 584 20 or or CC 39396 584 21 the the DT 39396 584 22 mother mother NN 39396 584 23 or or CC 39396 584 24 her -PRON- PRP$ 39396 584 25 trapmates trapmate NNS 39396 584 26 may may MD 39396 584 27 have have VB 39396 584 28 eaten eat VBN 39396 584 29 some some DT 39396 584 30 of of IN 39396 584 31 the the DT 39396 584 32 newborn newborn JJ 39396 584 33 voles vole NNS 39396 584 34 before before IN 39396 584 35 they -PRON- PRP 39396 584 36 were be VBD 39396 584 37 discovered discover VBN 39396 584 38 . . . 39396 585 1 The the DT 39396 585 2 mean mean JJ 39396 585 3 weight weight NN 39396 585 4 of of IN 39396 585 5 16 16 CD 39396 585 6 newborn newborn JJ 39396 585 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 585 8 less less JJR 39396 585 9 than than IN 39396 585 10 one one CD 39396 585 11 day day NN 39396 585 12 old old JJ 39396 585 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 585 14 individuals individual NNS 39396 585 15 was be VBD 39396 585 16 2.8 2.8 CD 39396 585 17 ± ± CD 39396 585 18 0.36 0.36 CD 39396 585 19 grams gram NNS 39396 585 20 . . . 39396 586 1 No no DT 39396 586 2 other other JJ 39396 586 3 data datum NNS 39396 586 4 on on IN 39396 586 5 the the DT 39396 586 6 weight weight NN 39396 586 7 of of IN 39396 586 8 newborn newborn JJ 39396 586 9 _ _ NNP 39396 586 10 M. M. NNP 39396 587 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 587 2 _ _ NNP 39396 587 3 were be VBD 39396 587 4 found find VBN 39396 587 5 in in IN 39396 587 6 the the DT 39396 587 7 literature literature NN 39396 587 8 but but CC 39396 587 9 this this DT 39396 587 10 mean mean NN 39396 587 11 was be VBD 39396 587 12 close close JJ 39396 587 13 to to IN 39396 587 14 the the DT 39396 587 15 3.0 3.0 CD 39396 587 16 grams gram NNS 39396 587 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 587 18 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 587 19 , , , 39396 587 20 1924:530 1924:530 CD 39396 587 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 587 22 and and CC 39396 587 23 2.07 2.07 CD 39396 587 24 grams gram NNS 39396 587 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 587 26 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 587 27 , , , 39396 587 28 1937a:504 1937a:504 CD 39396 587 29 ; ; : 39396 587 30 1941:10 1941:10 CD 39396 587 31 ) ) -RRB- 39396 587 32 reported report VBD 39396 587 33 for for IN 39396 587 34 _ _ NNP 39396 587 35 M. M. NNP 39396 588 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 588 2 _ _ NNP 39396 588 3 and and CC 39396 588 4 to to IN 39396 588 5 the the DT 39396 588 6 2.7 2.7 CD 39396 588 7 grams gram NNS 39396 588 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 588 9 Selle Selle NNP 39396 588 10 , , , 39396 588 11 1928:97 1928:97 CD 39396 588 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 588 13 and and CC 39396 588 14 2.8 2.8 CD 39396 588 15 grams gram NNS 39396 588 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 588 17 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 588 18 , , , 39396 588 19 1935:268 1935:268 CD 39396 588 20 ) ) -RRB- 39396 588 21 reported report VBN 39396 588 22 for for IN 39396 588 23 _ _ NNP 39396 588 24 M. M. NNP 39396 589 1 californicus californicus NNP 39396 589 2 _ _ NNP 39396 589 3 . . . 39396 590 1 No no DT 39396 590 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 590 3 between between IN 39396 590 4 the the DT 39396 590 5 weight weight NN 39396 590 6 of of IN 39396 590 7 the the DT 39396 590 8 individual individual JJ 39396 590 9 newborn newborn NNP 39396 590 10 vole vole NNP 39396 590 11 and and CC 39396 590 12 the the DT 39396 590 13 number number NN 39396 590 14 of of IN 39396 590 15 voles vole NNS 39396 590 16 per per IN 39396 590 17 litter litter NN 39396 590 18 was be VBD 39396 590 19 observed observe VBN 39396 590 20 . . . 39396 591 1 Although although IN 39396 591 2 the the DT 39396 591 3 ratio ratio NN 39396 591 4 of of IN 39396 591 5 the the DT 39396 591 6 average average JJ 39396 591 7 weight weight NN 39396 591 8 of of IN 39396 591 9 newborn newborn JJ 39396 591 10 voles vole NNS 39396 591 11 to to IN 39396 591 12 the the DT 39396 591 13 average average JJ 39396 591 14 weight weight NN 39396 591 15 of of IN 39396 591 16 an an DT 39396 591 17 adult adult NN 39396 591 18 female female NN 39396 591 19 was be VBD 39396 591 20 approximately approximately RB 39396 591 21 equal equal JJ 39396 591 22 for for IN 39396 591 23 _ _ NNP 39396 591 24 M. M. NNP 39396 592 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 592 2 _ _ NNP 39396 592 3 and and CC 39396 592 4 _ _ NNP 39396 592 5 M. M. NNP 39396 593 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 593 2 _ _ NNP 39396 593 3 , , , 39396 593 4 the the DT 39396 593 5 ratio ratio NN 39396 593 6 of of IN 39396 593 7 the the DT 39396 593 8 weight weight NN 39396 593 9 of of IN 39396 593 10 a a DT 39396 593 11 litter litter NN 39396 593 12 to to IN 39396 593 13 the the DT 39396 593 14 average average JJ 39396 593 15 weight weight NN 39396 593 16 of of IN 39396 593 17 an an DT 39396 593 18 adult adult NN 39396 593 19 female female NN 39396 593 20 was be VBD 39396 593 21 larger large JJR 39396 593 22 in in IN 39396 593 23 the the DT 39396 593 24 eastern eastern JJ 39396 593 25 meadow meadow NNP 39396 593 26 vole vole NNP 39396 593 27 because because IN 39396 593 28 the the DT 39396 593 29 mean mean NNP 39396 593 30 litter litter NN 39396 593 31 size size NN 39396 593 32 was be VBD 39396 593 33 larger large JJR 39396 593 34 . . . 39396 594 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 39396 594 2 this this DT 39396 594 3 is be VBZ 39396 594 4 related related JJ 39396 594 5 to to IN 39396 594 6 the the DT 39396 594 7 more more RBR 39396 594 8 productive productive JJ 39396 594 9 habitat habitat NN 39396 594 10 in in IN 39396 594 11 which which WDT 39396 594 12 the the DT 39396 594 13 eastern eastern NNP 39396 594 14 meadow meadow NNP 39396 594 15 vole vole NNP 39396 594 16 is be VBZ 39396 594 17 ordinarily ordinarily RB 39396 594 18 found find VBN 39396 594 19 . . . 39396 595 1 Size size NN 39396 595 2 , , , 39396 595 3 Growth growth NN 39396 595 4 Rates Rates NNPS 39396 595 5 and and CC 39396 595 6 Life Life NNP 39396 595 7 Spans Spans NNPS 39396 595 8 The the DT 39396 595 9 mean mean JJ 39396 595 10 weight weight NN 39396 595 11 of of IN 39396 595 12 adult adult NN 39396 595 13 voles vole NNS 39396 595 14 during during IN 39396 595 15 the the DT 39396 595 16 period period NN 39396 595 17 of of IN 39396 595 18 study study NN 39396 595 19 was be VBD 39396 595 20 43.78 43.78 CD 39396 595 21 grams gram NNS 39396 595 22 . . . 39396 596 1 The the DT 39396 596 2 females female NNS 39396 596 3 averaged average VBD 39396 596 4 slightly slightly RB 39396 596 5 heavier heavy JJR 39396 596 6 than than IN 39396 596 7 the the DT 39396 596 8 males male NNS 39396 596 9 but but CC 39396 596 10 the the DT 39396 596 11 overlapping overlapping NN 39396 596 12 of of IN 39396 596 13 weights weight NNS 39396 596 14 was be VBD 39396 596 15 so so RB 39396 596 16 extensive extensive JJ 39396 596 17 that that IN 39396 596 18 sexual sexual JJ 39396 596 19 difference difference NN 39396 596 20 in in IN 39396 596 21 weight weight NN 39396 596 22 could could MD 39396 596 23 not not RB 39396 596 24 be be VB 39396 596 25 affirmed affirm VBN 39396 596 26 . . . 39396 597 1 The the DT 39396 597 2 difference difference NN 39396 597 3 observed observe VBD 39396 597 4 was be VBD 39396 597 5 less less JJR 39396 597 6 in in IN 39396 597 7 December December NNP 39396 597 8 and and CC 39396 597 9 January January NNP 39396 597 10 when when WRB 39396 597 11 gravid gravid JJ 39396 597 12 females female NNS 39396 597 13 were be VBD 39396 597 14 rare rare JJ 39396 597 15 , , , 39396 597 16 suggesting suggest VBG 39396 597 17 that that IN 39396 597 18 the the DT 39396 597 19 difference difference NN 39396 597 20 was be VBD 39396 597 21 due due JJ 39396 597 22 , , , 39396 597 23 at at IN 39396 597 24 least least JJS 39396 597 25 in in IN 39396 597 26 part part NN 39396 597 27 , , , 39396 597 28 to to IN 39396 597 29 pregnancy pregnancy VB 39396 597 30 . . . 39396 598 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 598 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 598 3 1947:128 1947:128 CD 39396 598 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 598 5 found find VBN 39396 598 6 , , , 39396 598 7 for for IN 39396 598 8 a a DT 39396 598 9 sample sample NN 39396 598 10 of of IN 39396 598 11 50 50 CD 39396 598 12 voles vole NNS 39396 598 13 , , , 39396 598 14 a a DT 39396 598 15 mean mean JJ 39396 598 16 weight weight NN 39396 598 17 of of IN 39396 598 18 44 44 CD 39396 598 19 grams gram NNS 39396 598 20 and and CC 39396 598 21 a a DT 39396 598 22 range range NN 39396 598 23 of of IN 39396 598 24 38 38 CD 39396 598 25 to to TO 39396 598 26 58 58 CD 39396 598 27 grams gram NNS 39396 598 28 . . . 39396 599 1 The the DT 39396 599 2 range range NN 39396 599 3 in in IN 39396 599 4 the the DT 39396 599 5 adult adult NN 39396 599 6 voles vole NNS 39396 599 7 I -PRON- PRP 39396 599 8 studied study VBD 39396 599 9 was be VBD 39396 599 10 much much RB 39396 599 11 greater great JJR 39396 599 12 , , , 39396 599 13 from from IN 39396 599 14 25 25 CD 39396 599 15 to to TO 39396 599 16 73 73 CD 39396 599 17 grams gram NNS 39396 599 18 . . . 39396 600 1 In in IN 39396 600 2 part part NN 39396 600 3 , , , 39396 600 4 this this DT 39396 600 5 increase increase NN 39396 600 6 in in IN 39396 600 7 the the DT 39396 600 8 range range NN 39396 600 9 of of IN 39396 600 10 adult adult NN 39396 600 11 weights weight NNS 39396 600 12 was be VBD 39396 600 13 due due JJ 39396 600 14 to to IN 39396 600 15 a a DT 39396 600 16 much much RB 39396 600 17 larger large JJR 39396 600 18 sample sample NN 39396 600 19 . . . 39396 601 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 601 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 601 3 : : : 39396 601 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 601 5 . . . 39396 602 1 11 11 CD 39396 602 2 . . . 39396 603 1 Relationship relationship NN 39396 603 2 between between IN 39396 603 3 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 603 4 and and CC 39396 603 5 the the DT 39396 603 6 mean mean JJ 39396 603 7 weight weight NN 39396 603 8 of of IN 39396 603 9 adult adult NN 39396 603 10 males male NNS 39396 603 11 in in IN 39396 603 12 summer summer NN 39396 603 13 . . . 39396 604 1 The the DT 39396 604 2 abnormally abnormally RB 39396 604 3 low low JJ 39396 604 4 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 604 5 in in IN 39396 604 6 the the DT 39396 604 7 summer summer NN 39396 604 8 of of IN 39396 604 9 1952 1952 CD 39396 604 10 was be VBD 39396 604 11 accompanied accompany VBN 39396 604 12 by by IN 39396 604 13 a a DT 39396 604 14 decrease decrease NN 39396 604 15 in in IN 39396 604 16 mean mean JJ 39396 604 17 weight weight NN 39396 604 18 . . . 39396 605 1 The the DT 39396 605 2 solid solid JJ 39396 605 3 line line NN 39396 605 4 represents represent VBZ 39396 605 5 mean mean JJ 39396 605 6 weight weight NN 39396 605 7 and and CC 39396 605 8 the the DT 39396 605 9 broken broken JJ 39396 605 10 line line NN 39396 605 11 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 605 12 . . . 39396 606 1 The the DT 39396 606 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 606 3 coefficient coefficient NN 39396 606 4 between between IN 39396 606 5 the the DT 39396 606 6 two two CD 39396 606 7 was be VBD 39396 606 8 0.68 0.68 CD 39396 606 9 . . . 39396 606 10 ] ] -RRB- 39396 607 1 During during IN 39396 607 2 the the DT 39396 607 3 unusually unusually RB 39396 607 4 dry dry JJ 39396 607 5 summer summer NN 39396 607 6 of of IN 39396 607 7 1952 1952 CD 39396 607 8 , , , 39396 607 9 a a DT 39396 607 10 notable notable JJ 39396 607 11 reduction reduction NN 39396 607 12 in in IN 39396 607 13 the the DT 39396 607 14 mean mean JJ 39396 607 15 weight weight NN 39396 607 16 of of IN 39396 607 17 adults adult NNS 39396 607 18 was be VBD 39396 607 19 recorded record VBN 39396 607 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 607 21 Fig fig NN 39396 607 22 . . . 39396 608 1 11 11 CD 39396 608 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 608 3 . . . 39396 609 1 The the DT 39396 609 2 correlation correlation NN 39396 609 3 coefficient coefficient NN 39396 609 4 between between IN 39396 609 5 the the DT 39396 609 6 mean mean JJ 39396 609 7 weight weight NN 39396 609 8 of of IN 39396 609 9 adults adult NNS 39396 609 10 and and CC 39396 609 11 the the DT 39396 609 12 amount amount NN 39396 609 13 of of IN 39396 609 14 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 609 15 for for IN 39396 609 16 the the DT 39396 609 17 summer summer NN 39396 609 18 months month NNS 39396 609 19 was be VBD 39396 609 20 0.68 0.68 CD 39396 609 21 . . . 39396 610 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 610 2 seems seem VBZ 39396 610 3 reasonable reasonable JJ 39396 610 4 to to TO 39396 610 5 attribute attribute VB 39396 610 6 the the DT 39396 610 7 drop drop NN 39396 610 8 in in IN 39396 610 9 mean mean JJ 39396 610 10 weight weight NN 39396 610 11 to to IN 39396 610 12 an an DT 39396 610 13 alteration alteration NN 39396 610 14 of of IN 39396 610 15 plant plant NN 39396 610 16 growth growth NN 39396 610 17 due due IN 39396 610 18 to to IN 39396 610 19 decreased decrease VBN 39396 610 20 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 610 21 . . . 39396 611 1 Some some DT 39396 611 2 of of IN 39396 611 3 the the DT 39396 611 4 reduction reduction NN 39396 611 5 in in IN 39396 611 6 mean mean JJ 39396 611 7 weight weight NN 39396 611 8 was be VBD 39396 611 9 due due JJ 39396 611 10 to to IN 39396 611 11 the the DT 39396 611 12 loss loss NN 39396 611 13 of of IN 39396 611 14 weight weight NN 39396 611 15 in in IN 39396 611 16 older old JJR 39396 611 17 individuals individual NNS 39396 611 18 but but CC 39396 611 19 most most JJS 39396 611 20 of of IN 39396 611 21 it -PRON- PRP 39396 611 22 was be VBD 39396 611 23 due due JJ 39396 611 24 to to IN 39396 611 25 the the DT 39396 611 26 failure failure NN 39396 611 27 of of IN 39396 611 28 voles vole NNS 39396 611 29 born bear VBN 39396 611 30 in in IN 39396 611 31 the the DT 39396 611 32 spring spring NN 39396 611 33 to to TO 39396 611 34 continue continue VB 39396 611 35 growing grow VBG 39396 611 36 . . . 39396 612 1 No no DT 39396 612 2 data data NN 39396 612 3 on on IN 39396 612 4 the the DT 39396 612 5 growth growth NN 39396 612 6 rate rate NN 39396 612 7 of of IN 39396 612 8 _ _ NNP 39396 612 9 M. M. NNP 39396 613 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 613 2 _ _ NNP 39396 613 3 were be VBD 39396 613 4 found find VBN 39396 613 5 in in IN 39396 613 6 the the DT 39396 613 7 literature literature NN 39396 613 8 . . . 39396 614 1 According accord VBG 39396 614 2 to to IN 39396 614 3 the the DT 39396 614 4 somewhat somewhat JJ 39396 614 5 scanty scanty NN 39396 614 6 data datum NNS 39396 614 7 from from IN 39396 614 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 614 9 study study NN 39396 614 10 , , , 39396 614 11 secured secure VBN 39396 614 12 from from IN 39396 614 13 observations observation NNS 39396 614 14 of of IN 39396 614 15 individuals individual NNS 39396 614 16 born bear VBN 39396 614 17 in in IN 39396 614 18 the the DT 39396 614 19 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 614 20 , , , 39396 614 21 young young JJ 39396 614 22 voles vole NNS 39396 614 23 gained gain VBD 39396 614 24 approximately approximately RB 39396 614 25 0.6 0.6 CD 39396 614 26 of of IN 39396 614 27 a a DT 39396 614 28 gram gram NN 39396 614 29 per per IN 39396 614 30 day day NN 39396 614 31 for for IN 39396 614 32 the the DT 39396 614 33 first first JJ 39396 614 34 ten ten CD 39396 614 35 days day NNS 39396 614 36 , , , 39396 614 37 approximately approximately RB 39396 614 38 one one CD 39396 614 39 gram gram NN 39396 614 40 per per IN 39396 614 41 day day NN 39396 614 42 up up RB 39396 614 43 to to IN 39396 614 44 an an DT 39396 614 45 age age NN 39396 614 46 of of IN 39396 614 47 one one CD 39396 614 48 month month NN 39396 614 49 , , , 39396 614 50 and and CC 39396 614 51 approximately approximately RB 39396 614 52 0.5 0.5 CD 39396 614 53 of of IN 39396 614 54 a a DT 39396 614 55 gram gram NN 39396 614 56 per per IN 39396 614 57 day day NN 39396 614 58 from from IN 39396 614 59 an an DT 39396 614 60 age age NN 39396 614 61 of of IN 39396 614 62 one one CD 39396 614 63 month month NN 39396 614 64 until until IN 39396 614 65 growth growth NN 39396 614 66 ceases cease NNS 39396 614 67 . . . 39396 615 1 This this DT 39396 615 2 growth growth NN 39396 615 3 rate rate NN 39396 615 4 was be VBD 39396 615 5 especially especially RB 39396 615 6 variable variable JJ 39396 615 7 after after IN 39396 615 8 the the DT 39396 615 9 voles vole NNS 39396 615 10 reached reach VBD 39396 615 11 an an DT 39396 615 12 age age NN 39396 615 13 of of IN 39396 615 14 thirty thirty CD 39396 615 15 days day NNS 39396 615 16 . . . 39396 616 1 The the DT 39396 616 2 growth growth NN 39396 616 3 rate rate NN 39396 616 4 approximates approximate VBZ 39396 616 5 those those DT 39396 616 6 described describe VBN 39396 616 7 for for IN 39396 616 8 _ _ NNP 39396 616 9 M. M. NNP 39396 617 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 617 2 _ _ NNP 39396 617 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 617 4 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 617 5 , , , 39396 617 6 1941:12 1941:12 CD 39396 617 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 617 8 and and CC 39396 617 9 for for IN 39396 617 10 _ _ NNP 39396 617 11 M. M. NNP 39396 618 1 californicus californicus NNP 39396 618 2 _ _ NNP 39396 618 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 618 4 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 618 5 , , , 39396 618 6 1935:269 1935:269 CD 39396 618 7 ; ; : 39396 618 8 Selle Selle NNP 39396 618 9 , , , 39396 618 10 1928:97 1928:97 CD 39396 618 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 618 12 . . . 39396 619 1 Although although IN 39396 619 2 the the DT 39396 619 3 data datum NNS 39396 619 4 were be VBD 39396 619 5 inadequate inadequate JJ 39396 619 6 for for IN 39396 619 7 a a DT 39396 619 8 definite definite JJ 39396 619 9 statement statement NN 39396 619 10 , , , 39396 619 11 I -PRON- PRP 39396 619 12 gained gain VBD 39396 619 13 the the DT 39396 619 14 impression impression NN 39396 619 15 that that IN 39396 619 16 there there EX 39396 619 17 was be VBD 39396 619 18 no no DT 39396 619 19 difference difference NN 39396 619 20 between between IN 39396 619 21 the the DT 39396 619 22 sexes sex NNS 39396 619 23 in in IN 39396 619 24 growth growth NN 39396 619 25 rate rate NN 39396 619 26 . . . 39396 620 1 In in IN 39396 620 2 general general JJ 39396 620 3 , , , 39396 620 4 young young JJ 39396 620 5 voles vole NNS 39396 620 6 grow grow VBP 39396 620 7 most most RBS 39396 620 8 rapidly rapidly RB 39396 620 9 in in IN 39396 620 10 the the DT 39396 620 11 April April NNP 39396 620 12 - - HYPH 39396 620 13 May May NNP 39396 620 14 - - HYPH 39396 620 15 June June NNP 39396 620 16 period period NN 39396 620 17 and and CC 39396 620 18 least least JJS 39396 620 19 rapidly rapidly RB 39396 620 20 in in IN 39396 620 21 mid mid NN 39396 620 22 - - NN 39396 620 23 winter winter NN 39396 620 24 . . . 39396 621 1 Several several JJ 39396 621 2 voles vole NNS 39396 621 3 , , , 39396 621 4 born bear VBN 39396 621 5 in in IN 39396 621 6 late late JJ 39396 621 7 autumn autumn NN 39396 621 8 , , , 39396 621 9 stopped stop VBD 39396 621 10 growing grow VBG 39396 621 11 while while IN 39396 621 12 still still RB 39396 621 13 far far RB 39396 621 14 short short RB 39396 621 15 of of IN 39396 621 16 adult adult NN 39396 621 17 size size NN 39396 621 18 and and CC 39396 621 19 lived live VBD 39396 621 20 through through IN 39396 621 21 the the DT 39396 621 22 winter winter NN 39396 621 23 without without IN 39396 621 24 gaining gain VBG 39396 621 25 weight weight NN 39396 621 26 , , , 39396 621 27 then then RB 39396 621 28 gained gain VBD 39396 621 29 as as RB 39396 621 30 much much JJ 39396 621 31 as as IN 39396 621 32 30 30 CD 39396 621 33 per per NN 39396 621 34 cent cent NN 39396 621 35 after after IN 39396 621 36 spring spring NN 39396 621 37 arrived arrive VBD 39396 621 38 ( ( -LRB- 39396 621 39 Fig fig NN 39396 621 40 . . . 39396 622 1 12 12 CD 39396 622 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 622 3 . . . 39396 623 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 623 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 623 3 : : : 39396 623 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 623 5 . . . 39396 624 1 12 12 CD 39396 624 2 . . . 39396 625 1 Growth growth NN 39396 625 2 rates rate NNS 39396 625 3 of of IN 39396 625 4 two two CD 39396 625 5 voles vole NNS 39396 625 6 selected select VBN 39396 625 7 to to TO 39396 625 8 show show VB 39396 625 9 typical typical JJ 39396 625 10 growth growth NN 39396 625 11 pattern pattern NN 39396 625 12 of of IN 39396 625 13 voles vole NNS 39396 625 14 born bear VBN 39396 625 15 late late RB 39396 625 16 in in IN 39396 625 17 the the DT 39396 625 18 year year NN 39396 625 19 . . . 39396 626 1 Growth growth NN 39396 626 2 nearly nearly RB 39396 626 3 stops stop VBZ 39396 626 4 in in IN 39396 626 5 winter winter NN 39396 626 6 and and CC 39396 626 7 is be VBZ 39396 626 8 resumed resume VBN 39396 626 9 in in IN 39396 626 10 spring spring NN 39396 626 11 . . . 39396 626 12 ] ] -RRB- 39396 627 1 The the DT 39396 627 2 recorded recorded JJ 39396 627 3 life life NN 39396 627 4 spans span NNS 39396 627 5 of of IN 39396 627 6 most most JJS 39396 627 7 voles vole NNS 39396 627 8 studied study VBN 39396 627 9 were be VBD 39396 627 10 less less JJR 39396 627 11 than than IN 39396 627 12 one one CD 39396 627 13 year year NN 39396 627 14 . . . 39396 628 1 No no DT 39396 628 2 accurate accurate JJ 39396 628 3 mean mean JJ 39396 628 4 life life NN 39396 628 5 span span NN 39396 628 6 could could MD 39396 628 7 be be VB 39396 628 8 determined determine VBN 39396 628 9 . . . 39396 629 1 Leslie Leslie NNP 39396 629 2 and and CC 39396 629 3 Ransom Ransom NNP 39396 629 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 629 5 1940:46 1940:46 CD 39396 629 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 629 7 , , , 39396 629 8 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 629 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 629 10 1937a:506 1937a:506 CD 39396 629 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 629 12 and and CC 39396 629 13 Fisher Fisher NNP 39396 629 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 629 15 1945:436 1945:436 CD 39396 629 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 629 17 also also RB 39396 629 18 found find VBD 39396 629 19 that that IN 39396 629 20 most most JJS 39396 629 21 voles vole NNS 39396 629 22 lived live VBD 39396 629 23 less less JJR 39396 629 24 than than IN 39396 629 25 one one CD 39396 629 26 year year NN 39396 629 27 . . . 39396 630 1 Leslie Leslie NNP 39396 630 2 and and CC 39396 630 3 Ransom Ransom NNP 39396 630 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 630 5 _ _ NNP 39396 630 6 op op NN 39396 630 7 . . . 39396 631 1 cit cit NNP 39396 631 2 . . . 39396 631 3 _ _ NNP 39396 631 4 : : : 39396 631 5 47 47 CD 39396 631 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 631 7 reported report VBD 39396 631 8 a a DT 39396 631 9 mean mean JJ 39396 631 10 life life NN 39396 631 11 span span NN 39396 631 12 of of IN 39396 631 13 237.59 237.59 CD 39396 631 14 ± ± CD 39396 631 15 10.884 10.884 CD 39396 631 16 days day NNS 39396 631 17 in in IN 39396 631 18 voles vole NNS 39396 631 19 of of IN 39396 631 20 a a DT 39396 631 21 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 631 22 population population NN 39396 631 23 . . . 39396 632 1 In in IN 39396 632 2 the the DT 39396 632 3 present present JJ 39396 632 4 study study NN 39396 632 5 one one CD 39396 632 6 female female NN 39396 632 7 was be VBD 39396 632 8 trapped trap VBN 39396 632 9 624 624 CD 39396 632 10 days day NNS 39396 632 11 after after IN 39396 632 12 first first RB 39396 632 13 being be VBG 39396 632 14 captured capture VBN 39396 632 15 ; ; : 39396 632 16 another another DT 39396 632 17 female female NN 39396 632 18 was be VBD 39396 632 19 trapped trap VBN 39396 632 20 617 617 CD 39396 632 21 days day NNS 39396 632 22 after after IN 39396 632 23 first first RB 39396 632 24 being be VBG 39396 632 25 captured capture VBN 39396 632 26 ; ; : 39396 632 27 and and CC 39396 632 28 a a DT 39396 632 29 male male NN 39396 632 30 was be VBD 39396 632 31 trapped trap VBN 39396 632 32 611 611 CD 39396 632 33 days day NNS 39396 632 34 after after IN 39396 632 35 first first RB 39396 632 36 being be VBG 39396 632 37 captured capture VBN 39396 632 38 . . . 39396 633 1 The the DT 39396 633 2 two two CD 39396 633 3 females female NNS 39396 633 4 were be VBD 39396 633 5 subadults subadult NNS 39396 633 6 when when WRB 39396 633 7 first first RB 39396 633 8 captured capture VBN 39396 633 9 . . . 39396 634 1 The the DT 39396 634 2 male male NN 39396 634 3 was be VBD 39396 634 4 already already RB 39396 634 5 an an DT 39396 634 6 adult adult NN 39396 634 7 when when WRB 39396 634 8 first first RB 39396 634 9 captured capture VBN 39396 634 10 ; ; : 39396 634 11 consequently consequently RB 39396 634 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 634 13 life life NN 39396 634 14 span span NN 39396 634 15 must must MD 39396 634 16 have have VB 39396 634 17 exceeded exceed VBN 39396 634 18 650 650 CD 39396 634 19 days day NNS 39396 634 20 . . . 39396 635 1 No no DT 39396 635 2 evidence evidence NN 39396 635 3 of of IN 39396 635 4 any any DT 39396 635 5 decrease decrease NN 39396 635 6 in in IN 39396 635 7 vigor vigor NN 39396 635 8 or or CC 39396 635 9 fertility fertility NN 39396 635 10 was be VBD 39396 635 11 observed observe VBN 39396 635 12 to to TO 39396 635 13 accompany accompany VB 39396 635 14 old old JJ 39396 635 15 age age NN 39396 635 16 . . . 39396 636 1 Of of IN 39396 636 2 the the DT 39396 636 3 45 45 CD 39396 636 4 marked mark VBN 39396 636 5 voles vole NNS 39396 636 6 snap snap VBP 39396 636 7 - - HYPH 39396 636 8 trapped trap VBN 39396 636 9 in in IN 39396 636 10 August August NNP 39396 636 11 of of IN 39396 636 12 1952 1952 CD 39396 636 13 , , , 39396 636 14 21 21 CD 39396 636 15 had have VBD 39396 636 16 been be VBN 39396 636 17 captured capture VBN 39396 636 18 first first RB 39396 636 19 as as IN 39396 636 20 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 636 21 . . . 39396 637 1 The the DT 39396 637 2 ages age NNS 39396 637 3 of of IN 39396 637 4 these these DT 39396 637 5 voles vole NNS 39396 637 6 could could MD 39396 637 7 be be VB 39396 637 8 estimated estimate VBN 39396 637 9 within within IN 39396 637 10 a a DT 39396 637 11 few few JJ 39396 637 12 days day NNS 39396 637 13 , , , 39396 637 14 and and CC 39396 637 15 the the DT 39396 637 16 series series NN 39396 637 17 presented present VBD 39396 637 18 a a DT 39396 637 19 unique unique JJ 39396 637 20 opportunity opportunity NN 39396 637 21 for for IN 39396 637 22 studying study VBG 39396 637 23 individual individual NN 39396 637 24 and and CC 39396 637 25 age age NN 39396 637 26 variation variation NN 39396 637 27 . . . 39396 638 1 Only only RB 39396 638 2 individuals individual NNS 39396 638 3 weighing weigh VBG 39396 638 4 less less JJR 39396 638 5 than than IN 39396 638 6 18 18 CD 39396 638 7 grams gram NNS 39396 638 8 when when WRB 39396 638 9 first first RB 39396 638 10 captured capture VBN 39396 638 11 were be VBD 39396 638 12 used use VBN 39396 638 13 , , , 39396 638 14 and and CC 39396 638 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 638 16 ages age NNS 39396 638 17 were be VBD 39396 638 18 estimated estimate VBN 39396 638 19 according accord VBG 39396 638 20 to to IN 39396 638 21 the the DT 39396 638 22 growth growth NN 39396 638 23 rate rate NN 39396 638 24 described describe VBN 39396 638 25 above above RB 39396 638 26 . . . 39396 639 1 Howell Howell NNP 39396 639 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 639 3 1924 1924 CD 39396 639 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 639 5 reported report VBD 39396 639 6 an an DT 39396 639 7 analysis analysis NN 39396 639 8 of of IN 39396 639 9 individual individual NN 39396 639 10 and and CC 39396 639 11 age age NN 39396 639 12 variation variation NN 39396 639 13 in in IN 39396 639 14 a a DT 39396 639 15 series series NN 39396 639 16 of of IN 39396 639 17 specimens specimen NNS 39396 639 18 of of IN 39396 639 19 _ _ NNP 39396 639 20 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 639 21 montanus montanus NN 39396 639 22 _ _ NNP 39396 639 23 , , , 39396 639 24 and and CC 39396 639 25 Hall Hall NNP 39396 639 26 ( ( -LRB- 39396 639 27 1926 1926 CD 39396 639 28 ) ) -RRB- 39396 639 29 studied study VBD 39396 639 30 the the DT 39396 639 31 changes change NNS 39396 639 32 due due JJ 39396 639 33 to to IN 39396 639 34 growth growth NN 39396 639 35 in in IN 39396 639 36 skulls skull NNS 39396 639 37 of of IN 39396 639 38 _ _ NNP 39396 639 39 Otospermophilus Otospermophilus NNP 39396 639 40 grammarus grammarus NN 39396 639 41 beecheyi beecheyi NN 39396 639 42 _ _ NNP 39396 639 43 . . . 39396 640 1 The the DT 39396 640 2 series series NN 39396 640 3 of of IN 39396 640 4 specimens specimen NNS 39396 640 5 described describe VBN 39396 640 6 here here RB 39396 640 7 differs differ VBZ 39396 640 8 from from IN 39396 640 9 those those DT 39396 640 10 of of IN 39396 640 11 Hall Hall NNP 39396 640 12 and and CC 39396 640 13 Howell Howell NNP 39396 640 14 , , , 39396 640 15 and and CC 39396 640 16 from from IN 39396 640 17 any any DT 39396 640 18 other other JJ 39396 640 19 collection collection NN 39396 640 20 known know VBN 39396 640 21 to to IN 39396 640 22 me -PRON- PRP 39396 640 23 , , , 39396 640 24 in in IN 39396 640 25 the the DT 39396 640 26 fact fact NN 39396 640 27 that that IN 39396 640 28 the the DT 39396 640 29 specimens specimen NNS 39396 640 30 are be VBP 39396 640 31 of of IN 39396 640 32 approximately approximately RB 39396 640 33 known know VBN 39396 640 34 age age NN 39396 640 35 and and CC 39396 640 36 drawn draw VBN 39396 640 37 from from IN 39396 640 38 a a DT 39396 640 39 wild wild JJ 39396 640 40 population population NN 39396 640 41 . . . 39396 641 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 39396 641 2 , , , 39396 641 3 this this DT 39396 641 4 sample sample NN 39396 641 5 was be VBD 39396 641 6 small small JJ 39396 641 7 , , , 39396 641 8 and and CC 39396 641 9 the the DT 39396 641 10 distribution distribution NN 39396 641 11 of of IN 39396 641 12 the the DT 39396 641 13 specimens specimen NNS 39396 641 14 among among IN 39396 641 15 age age NN 39396 641 16 groups group NNS 39396 641 17 left leave VBD 39396 641 18 much much JJ 39396 641 19 to to TO 39396 641 20 be be VB 39396 641 21 desired desire VBN 39396 641 22 . . . 39396 642 1 No no DT 39396 642 2 specimens specimen NNS 39396 642 3 less less JJR 39396 642 4 than than IN 39396 642 5 one one CD 39396 642 6 and and CC 39396 642 7 one one CD 39396 642 8 - - HYPH 39396 642 9 half half NN 39396 642 10 months month NNS 39396 642 11 old old JJ 39396 642 12 were be VBD 39396 642 13 taken take VBN 39396 642 14 and and CC 39396 642 15 only only RB 39396 642 16 a a DT 39396 642 17 few few JJ 39396 642 18 individuals individual NNS 39396 642 19 older old JJR 39396 642 20 than than IN 39396 642 21 four four CD 39396 642 22 and and CC 39396 642 23 one one CD 39396 642 24 - - HYPH 39396 642 25 half half NN 39396 642 26 months month NNS 39396 642 27 . . . 39396 643 1 Table table NN 39396 643 2 3 3 CD 39396 643 3 shows show VBZ 39396 643 4 the the DT 39396 643 5 age age NN 39396 643 6 distribution distribution NN 39396 643 7 . . . 39396 644 1 The the DT 39396 644 2 small small JJ 39396 644 3 size size NN 39396 644 4 of of IN 39396 644 5 the the DT 39396 644 6 sample sample NN 39396 644 7 and and CC 39396 644 8 the the DT 39396 644 9 absence absence NN 39396 644 10 of of IN 39396 644 11 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 644 12 were be VBD 39396 644 13 due due JJ 39396 644 14 , , , 39396 644 15 partly partly RB 39396 644 16 , , , 39396 644 17 to to IN 39396 644 18 the the DT 39396 644 19 unusually unusually RB 39396 644 20 dry dry JJ 39396 644 21 weather weather NN 39396 644 22 in in IN 39396 644 23 the the DT 39396 644 24 summer summer NN 39396 644 25 of of IN 39396 644 26 1952 1952 CD 39396 644 27 . . . 39396 645 1 The the DT 39396 645 2 reduction reduction NN 39396 645 3 in in IN 39396 645 4 the the DT 39396 645 5 rate rate NN 39396 645 6 of of IN 39396 645 7 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 645 8 , , , 39396 645 9 caused cause VBN 39396 645 10 by by IN 39396 645 11 drought drought NN 39396 645 12 ( ( -LRB- 39396 645 13 as as IN 39396 645 14 described describe VBN 39396 645 15 elsewhere elsewhere RB 39396 645 16 in in IN 39396 645 17 this this DT 39396 645 18 paper paper NN 39396 645 19 ) ) -RRB- 39396 645 20 , , , 39396 645 21 reduced reduce VBD 39396 645 22 the the DT 39396 645 23 populations population NNS 39396 645 24 and and CC 39396 645 25 the the DT 39396 645 26 percentage percentage NN 39396 645 27 of of IN 39396 645 28 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 645 29 to to IN 39396 645 30 low low JJ 39396 645 31 levels level NNS 39396 645 32 . . . 39396 646 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 39396 646 2 3 3 CD 39396 646 3 . . . 39396 647 1 DISTRIBUTION distribution NN 39396 647 2 AMONG among IN 39396 647 3 AGE age NN 39396 647 4 GROUPS group NNS 39396 647 5 OF of IN 39396 647 6 21 21 CD 39396 647 7 VOLES voles NN 39396 647 8 USED use VBN 39396 647 9 IN in IN 39396 647 10 THE the DT 39396 647 11 STUDY STUDY NNP 39396 647 12 OF of IN 39396 647 13 VARIATION VARIATION NNP 39396 647 14 DUE DUE NNP 39396 647 15 TO to IN 39396 647 16 AGE age NN 39396 647 17 = = SYM 39396 647 18 = = SYM 39396 647 19 = = SYM 39396 647 20 = = SYM 39396 647 21 = = SYM 39396 647 22 = = SYM 39396 647 23 = = SYM 39396 647 24 = = SYM 39396 647 25 = = SYM 39396 647 26 = = SYM 39396 647 27 = = SYM 39396 647 28 = = SYM 39396 647 29 = = SYM 39396 647 30 = = SYM 39396 647 31 = = SYM 39396 647 32 = = SYM 39396 647 33 = = SYM 39396 647 34 = = SYM 39396 647 35 = = SYM 39396 647 36 = = SYM 39396 647 37 = = SYM 39396 647 38 = = SYM 39396 647 39 = = SYM 39396 647 40 = = SYM 39396 647 41 = = SYM 39396 647 42 = = SYM 39396 647 43 = = SYM 39396 647 44 = = SYM 39396 647 45 = = SYM 39396 647 46 = = SYM 39396 647 47 = = SYM 39396 647 48 = = SYM 39396 647 49 = = SYM 39396 647 50 = = SYM 39396 647 51 = = SYM 39396 647 52 = = SYM 39396 647 53 = = SYM 39396 647 54 = = SYM 39396 647 55 = = SYM 39396 647 56 = = SYM 39396 647 57 = = SYM 39396 647 58 = = SYM 39396 647 59 = = SYM 39396 647 60 = = SYM 39396 647 61 = = SYM 39396 647 62 = = SYM 39396 647 63 = = SYM 39396 647 64 = = SYM 39396 647 65 = = SYM 39396 647 66 = = SYM 39396 647 67 = = SYM 39396 647 68 = = SYM 39396 647 69 = = SYM 39396 647 70 = = SYM 39396 647 71 = = SYM 39396 647 72 = = SYM 39396 647 73 = = SYM 39396 647 74 = = SYM 39396 647 75 = = SYM 39396 647 76 = = SYM 39396 647 77 = = SYM 39396 647 78 = = SYM 39396 647 79 = = SYM 39396 647 80 = = SYM 39396 647 81 = = SYM 39396 647 82 = = SYM 39396 647 83 = = SYM 39396 647 84 = = SYM 39396 647 85 = = NFP 39396 647 86 = = NFP 39396 647 87 Age age NN 39396 647 88 in in IN 39396 647 89 months month NNS 39396 647 90 1 1 CD 39396 647 91 - - SYM 39396 647 92 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 647 93 2 2 CD 39396 647 94 2 2 CD 39396 647 95 - - SYM 39396 647 96 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 647 97 3 3 CD 39396 647 98 3 3 CD 39396 647 99 - - SYM 39396 647 100 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 647 101 4 4 CD 39396 647 102 4 4 CD 39396 647 103 - - SYM 39396 647 104 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 647 105 6 6 CD 39396 647 106 12 12 CD 39396 647 107 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 647 108 No no UH 39396 647 109 . . . 39396 648 1 of of IN 39396 648 2 individuals individual NNS 39396 648 3 1 1 CD 39396 648 4 4 4 CD 39396 648 5 5 5 CD 39396 648 6 1 1 CD 39396 648 7 3 3 CD 39396 648 8 2 2 CD 39396 648 9 3 3 CD 39396 648 10 1 1 CD 39396 648 11 1 1 CD 39396 648 12 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 648 13 In in IN 39396 648 14 the the DT 39396 648 15 series series NN 39396 648 16 of of IN 39396 648 17 voles vole NNS 39396 648 18 studied study VBN 39396 648 19 , , , 39396 648 20 ten ten CD 39396 648 21 individuals individual NNS 39396 648 22 were be VBD 39396 648 23 in in IN 39396 648 24 the the DT 39396 648 25 process process NN 39396 648 26 of of IN 39396 648 27 molting molting NN 39396 648 28 from from IN 39396 648 29 subadult subadult NN 39396 648 30 to to TO 39396 648 31 adult adult VB 39396 648 32 pelage pelage NN 39396 648 33 . . . 39396 649 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 649 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 649 3 1947:131 1947:131 CD 39396 649 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 649 5 reported report VBD 39396 649 6 the the DT 39396 649 7 molt molt NN 39396 649 8 to to TO 39396 649 9 occur occur VB 39396 649 10 between between IN 39396 649 11 eight eight CD 39396 649 12 and and CC 39396 649 13 12 12 CD 39396 649 14 weeks week NNS 39396 649 15 of of IN 39396 649 16 age age NN 39396 649 17 and and CC 39396 649 18 selected select VBN 39396 649 19 38 38 CD 39396 649 20 grams gram NNS 39396 649 21 as as IN 39396 649 22 the the DT 39396 649 23 lower low JJR 39396 649 24 limit limit NN 39396 649 25 of of IN 39396 649 26 weight weight NN 39396 649 27 of of IN 39396 649 28 adults adult NNS 39396 649 29 . . . 39396 650 1 I -PRON- PRP 39396 650 2 also also RB 39396 650 3 found find VBD 39396 650 4 all all DT 39396 650 5 voles vole NNS 39396 650 6 molting molting NN 39396 650 7 to to TO 39396 650 8 be be VB 39396 650 9 between between IN 39396 650 10 eight eight CD 39396 650 11 and and CC 39396 650 12 12 12 CD 39396 650 13 weeks week NNS 39396 650 14 old old JJ 39396 650 15 but but CC 39396 650 16 found find VBD 39396 650 17 none none NN 39396 650 18 so so RB 39396 650 19 large large JJ 39396 650 20 as as IN 39396 650 21 38 38 CD 39396 650 22 grams gram NNS 39396 650 23 without without IN 39396 650 24 full full JJ 39396 650 25 adult adult NN 39396 650 26 pelage pelage NN 39396 650 27 . . . 39396 651 1 This this DT 39396 651 2 may may MD 39396 651 3 have have VB 39396 651 4 been be VBN 39396 651 5 , , , 39396 651 6 in in IN 39396 651 7 part part NN 39396 651 8 , , , 39396 651 9 due due IN 39396 651 10 to to IN 39396 651 11 the the DT 39396 651 12 dry dry JJ 39396 651 13 weather weather NN 39396 651 14 delaying delaying NN 39396 651 15 or or CC 39396 651 16 inhibiting inhibit VBG 39396 651 17 growth growth NN 39396 651 18 . . . 39396 652 1 Because because IN 39396 652 2 of of IN 39396 652 3 the the DT 39396 652 4 small small JJ 39396 652 5 size size NN 39396 652 6 of of IN 39396 652 7 the the DT 39396 652 8 sample sample NN 39396 652 9 and and CC 39396 652 10 the the DT 39396 652 11 influence influence NN 39396 652 12 of of IN 39396 652 13 the the DT 39396 652 14 unusual unusual JJ 39396 652 15 weather weather NN 39396 652 16 conditions condition NNS 39396 652 17 , , , 39396 652 18 no no DT 39396 652 19 conclusions conclusion NNS 39396 652 20 concerning concern VBG 39396 652 21 normal normal JJ 39396 652 22 molting molting NN 39396 652 23 were be VBD 39396 652 24 drawn draw VBN 39396 652 25 from from IN 39396 652 26 the the DT 39396 652 27 data datum NNS 39396 652 28 described describe VBN 39396 652 29 below below RB 39396 652 30 . . . 39396 653 1 They -PRON- PRP 39396 653 2 are be VBP 39396 653 3 presented present VBN 39396 653 4 only only RB 39396 653 5 as as IN 39396 653 6 a a DT 39396 653 7 description description NN 39396 653 8 of of IN 39396 653 9 a a DT 39396 653 10 small small JJ 39396 653 11 sample sample NN 39396 653 12 drawn draw VBN 39396 653 13 from from IN 39396 653 14 a a DT 39396 653 15 single single JJ 39396 653 16 population population NN 39396 653 17 at at IN 39396 653 18 one one CD 39396 653 19 time time NN 39396 653 20 . . . 39396 654 1 Table table NN 39396 654 2 4 4 CD 39396 654 3 summarizes summarize VBZ 39396 654 4 these these DT 39396 654 5 data datum NNS 39396 654 6 . . . 39396 655 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 39396 655 2 4 4 CD 39396 655 3 . . . 39396 656 1 MEAN MEAN NNP 39396 656 2 SIZES SIZES NNP 39396 656 3 AND and CC 39396 656 4 AGES ages NN 39396 656 5 OF of IN 39396 656 6 VOLES voles NN 39396 656 7 MOLTING MOLTING NNP 39396 656 8 FROM from IN 39396 656 9 SUBADULT subadult RB 39396 656 10 TO to IN 39396 656 11 ADULT ADULT NNP 39396 656 12 PELAGE PELAGE NNP 39396 656 13 = = SYM 39396 656 14 = = SYM 39396 656 15 = = SYM 39396 656 16 = = SYM 39396 656 17 = = SYM 39396 656 18 = = SYM 39396 656 19 = = SYM 39396 656 20 = = SYM 39396 656 21 = = SYM 39396 656 22 = = SYM 39396 656 23 = = SYM 39396 656 24 = = SYM 39396 656 25 = = SYM 39396 656 26 = = SYM 39396 656 27 = = SYM 39396 656 28 = = SYM 39396 656 29 = = SYM 39396 656 30 = = SYM 39396 656 31 = = SYM 39396 656 32 = = SYM 39396 656 33 = = SYM 39396 656 34 = = SYM 39396 656 35 = = SYM 39396 656 36 = = SYM 39396 656 37 = = SYM 39396 656 38 = = SYM 39396 656 39 = = SYM 39396 656 40 = = SYM 39396 656 41 = = SYM 39396 656 42 = = SYM 39396 656 43 = = SYM 39396 656 44 = = SYM 39396 656 45 = = SYM 39396 656 46 = = SYM 39396 656 47 = = SYM 39396 656 48 = = SYM 39396 656 49 = = SYM 39396 656 50 = = SYM 39396 656 51 = = SYM 39396 656 52 = = SYM 39396 656 53 = = SYM 39396 656 54 = = SYM 39396 656 55 = = SYM 39396 656 56 = = SYM 39396 656 57 = = SYM 39396 656 58 = = SYM 39396 656 59 = = SYM 39396 656 60 = = SYM 39396 656 61 = = SYM 39396 656 62 = = SYM 39396 656 63 = = SYM 39396 656 64 = = SYM 39396 656 65 = = SYM 39396 656 66 = = SYM 39396 656 67 = = SYM 39396 656 68 = = SYM 39396 656 69 = = SYM 39396 656 70 = = SYM 39396 656 71 = = SYM 39396 656 72 = = SYM 39396 656 73 = = SYM 39396 656 74 = = SYM 39396 656 75 = = SYM 39396 656 76 = = SYM 39396 656 77 = = SYM 39396 656 78 = = SYM 39396 656 79 = = SYM 39396 656 80 = = NFP 39396 656 81 = = NFP 39396 656 82 Body body NN 39396 656 83 length length NN 39396 656 84 Condylo Condylo NNP 39396 656 85 - - HYPH 39396 656 86 basilar basilar JJ 39396 656 87 Weight Weight NNP 39396 656 88 minus minus IN 39396 656 89 tail tail NN 39396 656 90 length length NN 39396 656 91 Age age NN 39396 656 92 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 656 93 Six six CD 39396 656 94 males male NNS 39396 656 95 32.67 32.67 CD 39396 656 96 gms gm NNS 39396 656 97 . . . 39396 657 1 106.16 106.16 CD 39396 657 2 mm mm NNP 39396 657 3 . . . 39396 658 1 23.78 23.78 CD 39396 658 2 mm mm NNP 39396 658 3 . . . 39396 659 1 9.67 9.67 CD 39396 659 2 wks wks RBR 39396 659 3 . . . 39396 660 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 660 2 30 30 CD 39396 660 3 - - SYM 39396 660 4 36 36 CD 39396 660 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 660 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 660 7 96 96 CD 39396 660 8 - - SYM 39396 660 9 116 116 CD 39396 660 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 660 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 660 12 23.2 23.2 CD 39396 660 13 - - SYM 39396 660 14 24.4 24.4 CD 39396 660 15 ) ) -RRB- 39396 660 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 660 17 8 8 CD 39396 660 18 - - SYM 39396 660 19 12 12 CD 39396 660 20 ) ) -RRB- 39396 660 21 Four four CD 39396 660 22 females female NNS 39396 660 23 29.0 29.0 CD 39396 660 24 gms gms NN 39396 660 25 . . . 39396 661 1 100.25 100.25 CD 39396 661 2 mm mm NNP 39396 661 3 . . . 39396 662 1 23.45 23.45 CD 39396 662 2 mm mm NNP 39396 662 3 . . . 39396 663 1 10.5 10.5 CD 39396 663 2 wks wk NNS 39396 663 3 . . . 39396 664 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 664 2 28 28 CD 39396 664 3 - - SYM 39396 664 4 30 30 CD 39396 664 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 664 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 664 7 98 98 CD 39396 664 8 - - SYM 39396 664 9 102 102 CD 39396 664 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 664 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 664 12 23.5 23.5 CD 39396 664 13 - - SYM 39396 664 14 23.8 23.8 CD 39396 664 15 ) ) -RRB- 39396 664 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 664 17 8 8 CD 39396 664 18 - - SYM 39396 664 19 12 12 CD 39396 664 20 ) ) -RRB- 39396 664 21 Ten ten CD 39396 664 22 voles vole NNS 39396 664 23 31.2 31.2 CD 39396 664 24 gms gms NN 39396 664 25 . . . 39396 665 1 103.8 103.8 CD 39396 665 2 mm mm NNP 39396 665 3 . . . 39396 666 1 23.73 23.73 CD 39396 666 2 mm mm NNP 39396 666 3 . . . 39396 667 1 10.0 10.0 CD 39396 667 2 wks wk NNS 39396 667 3 . . . 39396 668 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 668 2 28 28 CD 39396 668 3 - - SYM 39396 668 4 36 36 CD 39396 668 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 668 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 668 7 96 96 CD 39396 668 8 - - SYM 39396 668 9 116 116 CD 39396 668 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 668 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 668 12 23.2 23.2 CD 39396 668 13 - - SYM 39396 668 14 24.4 24.4 CD 39396 668 15 ) ) -RRB- 39396 668 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 668 17 8 8 CD 39396 668 18 - - SYM 39396 668 19 12 12 CD 39396 668 20 ) ) -RRB- 39396 668 21 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 668 22 The the DT 39396 668 23 mean mean JJ 39396 668 24 age age NN 39396 668 25 of of IN 39396 668 26 the the DT 39396 668 27 ten ten CD 39396 668 28 voles vole NNS 39396 668 29 molting molting NN 39396 668 30 was be VBD 39396 668 31 ten ten CD 39396 668 32 weeks week NNS 39396 668 33 ( ( -LRB- 39396 668 34 8 8 CD 39396 668 35 - - SYM 39396 668 36 12 12 CD 39396 668 37 ) ) -RRB- 39396 668 38 . . . 39396 669 1 Six six CD 39396 669 2 males male NNS 39396 669 3 averaged average VBD 39396 669 4 9.67 9.67 CD 39396 669 5 weeks week NNS 39396 669 6 , , , 39396 669 7 almost almost RB 39396 669 8 a a DT 39396 669 9 week week NN 39396 669 10 younger young JJR 39396 669 11 than than IN 39396 669 12 four four CD 39396 669 13 females female NNS 39396 669 14 , , , 39396 669 15 who who WP 39396 669 16 averaged average VBD 39396 669 17 10.5 10.5 CD 39396 669 18 weeks week NNS 39396 669 19 . . . 39396 670 1 The the DT 39396 670 2 difference difference NN 39396 670 3 in in IN 39396 670 4 age age NN 39396 670 5 at at IN 39396 670 6 time time NN 39396 670 7 of of IN 39396 670 8 molting molting NN 39396 670 9 between between IN 39396 670 10 the the DT 39396 670 11 sexes sex NNS 39396 670 12 was be VBD 39396 670 13 not not RB 39396 670 14 significant significant JJ 39396 670 15 . . . 39396 671 1 Differences difference NNS 39396 671 2 between between IN 39396 671 3 the the DT 39396 671 4 sexes sex NNS 39396 671 5 in in IN 39396 671 6 other other JJ 39396 671 7 characteristics characteristic NNS 39396 671 8 to to TO 39396 671 9 be be VB 39396 671 10 described describe VBN 39396 671 11 also also RB 39396 671 12 lacked lack VBN 39396 671 13 significance significance NN 39396 671 14 . . . 39396 672 1 Mean mean VB 39396 672 2 weights weight NNS 39396 672 3 at at IN 39396 672 4 the the DT 39396 672 5 time time NN 39396 672 6 of of IN 39396 672 7 molting molting NN 39396 672 8 were be VBD 39396 672 9 : : : 39396 672 10 males male NNS 39396 672 11 , , , 39396 672 12 32.67 32.67 CD 39396 672 13 gms gms NNP 39396 672 14 . . . 39396 673 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 673 2 30 30 CD 39396 673 3 - - SYM 39396 673 4 36 36 CD 39396 673 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 673 6 ; ; : 39396 673 7 females female NNS 39396 673 8 , , , 39396 673 9 29.0 29.0 CD 39396 673 10 gms gms NN 39396 673 11 . . . 39396 674 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 674 2 28 28 CD 39396 674 3 - - SYM 39396 674 4 30 30 CD 39396 674 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 674 6 ; ; : 39396 674 7 and and CC 39396 674 8 all all DT 39396 674 9 individuals individual NNS 39396 674 10 , , , 39396 674 11 31.2 31.2 CD 39396 674 12 gms gms NN 39396 674 13 . . . 39396 675 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 675 2 28 28 CD 39396 675 3 - - SYM 39396 675 4 36 36 CD 39396 675 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 675 6 . . . 39396 676 1 Because because IN 39396 676 2 a a DT 39396 676 3 piece piece NN 39396 676 4 of of IN 39396 676 5 the the DT 39396 676 6 tail tail NN 39396 676 7 of of IN 39396 676 8 each each DT 39396 676 9 vole vole NNP 39396 676 10 had have VBD 39396 676 11 been be VBN 39396 676 12 removed remove VBN 39396 676 13 in in IN 39396 676 14 marking mark VBG 39396 676 15 , , , 39396 676 16 the the DT 39396 676 17 total total JJ 39396 676 18 length length NN 39396 676 19 of of IN 39396 676 20 the the DT 39396 676 21 voles vole NNS 39396 676 22 could could MD 39396 676 23 not not RB 39396 676 24 be be VB 39396 676 25 determined determine VBN 39396 676 26 . . . 39396 677 1 Body body NN 39396 677 2 length length NN 39396 677 3 , , , 39396 677 4 excluding exclude VBG 39396 677 5 tail tail NN 39396 677 6 , , , 39396 677 7 was be VBD 39396 677 8 used use VBN 39396 677 9 . . . 39396 678 1 Howell Howell NNP 39396 678 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 678 3 1924:986 1924:986 CD 39396 678 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 678 5 found find VBD 39396 678 6 this this DT 39396 678 7 measurement measurement NN 39396 678 8 subject subject JJ 39396 678 9 to to IN 39396 678 10 less less JJR 39396 678 11 individual individual JJ 39396 678 12 variation variation NN 39396 678 13 than than IN 39396 678 14 total total JJ 39396 678 15 length length NN 39396 678 16 and and CC 39396 678 17 thought thought NN 39396 678 18 body body NN 39396 678 19 length length NN 39396 678 20 was be VBD 39396 678 21 probably probably RB 39396 678 22 a a DT 39396 678 23 better well JJR 39396 678 24 indicator indicator NN 39396 678 25 of of IN 39396 678 26 age age NN 39396 678 27 . . . 39396 679 1 Mean mean JJ 39396 679 2 body body NN 39396 679 3 length length NN 39396 679 4 at at IN 39396 679 5 the the DT 39396 679 6 time time NN 39396 679 7 of of IN 39396 679 8 molting molting NN 39396 679 9 was be VBD 39396 679 10 103.8 103.8 CD 39396 679 11 mm mm CD 39396 679 12 . . . 39396 680 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 680 2 96 96 CD 39396 680 3 - - SYM 39396 680 4 116 116 CD 39396 680 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 680 6 . . . 39396 681 1 Males male NNS 39396 681 2 averaged average VBD 39396 681 3 longer long RBR 39396 681 4 than than IN 39396 681 5 females female NNS 39396 681 6 and and CC 39396 681 7 were be VBD 39396 681 8 also also RB 39396 681 9 more more RBR 39396 681 10 variable variable JJ 39396 681 11 . . . 39396 682 1 The the DT 39396 682 2 mean mean JJ 39396 682 3 body body NN 39396 682 4 length length NN 39396 682 5 of of IN 39396 682 6 males male NNS 39396 682 7 was be VBD 39396 682 8 106.16 106.16 CD 39396 682 9 mm mm CD 39396 682 10 . . . 39396 683 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 683 2 96 96 CD 39396 683 3 - - SYM 39396 683 4 116 116 CD 39396 683 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 683 6 and and CC 39396 683 7 that that DT 39396 683 8 of of IN 39396 683 9 females female NNS 39396 683 10 was be VBD 39396 683 11 100.25 100.25 CD 39396 683 12 mm mm CD 39396 683 13 . . . 39396 684 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 684 2 98 98 CD 39396 684 3 - - SYM 39396 684 4 102 102 CD 39396 684 5 ) ) -RRB- 39396 684 6 . . . 39396 685 1 Of of IN 39396 685 2 the the DT 39396 685 3 subadults subadult NNS 39396 685 4 showing show VBG 39396 685 5 no no DT 39396 685 6 signs sign NNS 39396 685 7 of of IN 39396 685 8 molting molting NN 39396 685 9 , , , 39396 685 10 none none NN 39396 685 11 was be VBD 39396 685 12 above above IN 39396 685 13 the the DT 39396 685 14 mean mean JJ 39396 685 15 age age NN 39396 685 16 of of IN 39396 685 17 molting molting NN 39396 685 18 . . . 39396 686 1 Twenty twenty CD 39396 686 2 - - HYPH 39396 686 3 five five CD 39396 686 4 per per IN 39396 686 5 cent cent NN 39396 686 6 of of IN 39396 686 7 them -PRON- PRP 39396 686 8 were be VBD 39396 686 9 longer long JJR 39396 686 10 and and CC 39396 686 11 heavier heavy JJR 39396 686 12 than than IN 39396 686 13 the the DT 39396 686 14 mean mean NNP 39396 686 15 length length NN 39396 686 16 and and CC 39396 686 17 weight weight NN 39396 686 18 of of IN 39396 686 19 those those DT 39396 686 20 that that WDT 39396 686 21 were be VBD 39396 686 22 molting molt VBG 39396 686 23 . . . 39396 687 1 Of of IN 39396 687 2 the the DT 39396 687 3 20 20 CD 39396 687 4 adults adult NNS 39396 687 5 in in IN 39396 687 6 the the DT 39396 687 7 series series NN 39396 687 8 , , , 39396 687 9 one one CD 39396 687 10 was be VBD 39396 687 11 below below IN 39396 687 12 the the DT 39396 687 13 mean mean JJ 39396 687 14 weight weight NN 39396 687 15 of of IN 39396 687 16 molting molting NN 39396 687 17 and and CC 39396 687 18 one one NN 39396 687 19 was be VBD 39396 687 20 shorter short JJR 39396 687 21 than than IN 39396 687 22 the the DT 39396 687 23 mean mean JJ 39396 687 24 length length NN 39396 687 25 of of IN 39396 687 26 molting molting NN 39396 687 27 . . . 39396 688 1 When when WRB 39396 688 2 Howell Howell NNP 39396 688 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 688 4 _ _ NNP 39396 688 5 op op NN 39396 688 6 . . . 39396 689 1 cit._:1014 cit._:1014 NNS 39396 689 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 689 3 studied study VBD 39396 689 4 skulls skull NNS 39396 689 5 of of IN 39396 689 6 _ _ NNP 39396 689 7 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 689 8 montanus montanus NN 39396 689 9 _ _ NNP 39396 689 10 he -PRON- PRP 39396 689 11 found find VBD 39396 689 12 that that IN 39396 689 13 the the DT 39396 689 14 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 689 15 length length NN 39396 689 16 was be VBD 39396 689 17 the the DT 39396 689 18 most most RBS 39396 689 19 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 39396 689 20 means mean NNS 39396 689 21 for for IN 39396 689 22 arranging arrange VBG 39396 689 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 689 24 series series NN 39396 689 25 of of IN 39396 689 26 specimens specimen NNS 39396 689 27 according accord VBG 39396 689 28 to to IN 39396 689 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 689 30 age age NN 39396 689 31 . . . 39396 690 1 When when WRB 39396 690 2 the the DT 39396 690 3 skulls skull NNS 39396 690 4 of of IN 39396 690 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 690 6 series series NN 39396 690 7 were be VBD 39396 690 8 arranged arrange VBN 39396 690 9 according accord VBG 39396 690 10 to to IN 39396 690 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 690 12 age age NN 39396 690 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 690 14 as as IN 39396 690 15 determined determine VBN 39396 690 16 from from IN 39396 690 17 trapping trap VBG 39396 690 18 records record NNS 39396 690 19 ) ) -RRB- 39396 690 20 the the DT 39396 690 21 graph graph NN 39396 690 22 of of IN 39396 690 23 the the DT 39396 690 24 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 690 25 lengths length NNS 39396 690 26 showed show VBD 39396 690 27 a a DT 39396 690 28 clear clear JJ 39396 690 29 , , , 39396 690 30 though though IN 39396 690 31 not not RB 39396 690 32 perfect perfect JJ 39396 690 33 , , , 39396 690 34 relationship relationship VBP 39396 690 35 to to IN 39396 690 36 age age NN 39396 690 37 ( ( -LRB- 39396 690 38 Fig fig NN 39396 690 39 . . . 39396 691 1 13 13 CD 39396 691 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 691 3 . . . 39396 692 1 No no DT 39396 692 2 separation separation NN 39396 692 3 of of IN 39396 692 4 sexes sex NNS 39396 692 5 was be VBD 39396 692 6 made make VBN 39396 692 7 because because IN 39396 692 8 the the DT 39396 692 9 sample sample NN 39396 692 10 did do VBD 39396 692 11 not not RB 39396 692 12 permit permit VB 39396 692 13 it -PRON- PRP 39396 692 14 . . . 39396 693 1 In in IN 39396 693 2 Fig Fig NNP 39396 693 3 . . . 39396 694 1 13 13 CD 39396 694 2 graphs graph NNS 39396 694 3 of of IN 39396 694 4 weight weight NN 39396 694 5 , , , 39396 694 6 as as IN 39396 694 7 determined determine VBN 39396 694 8 in in IN 39396 694 9 the the DT 39396 694 10 field field NN 39396 694 11 , , , 39396 694 12 and and CC 39396 694 13 of of IN 39396 694 14 length length NN 39396 694 15 ( ( -LRB- 39396 694 16 excluding exclude VBG 39396 694 17 tail tail NN 39396 694 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 694 19 also also RB 39396 694 20 were be VBD 39396 694 21 included include VBN 39396 694 22 because because IN 39396 694 23 they -PRON- PRP 39396 694 24 are be VBP 39396 694 25 the the DT 39396 694 26 most most RBS 39396 694 27 easily easily RB 39396 694 28 measured measure VBN 39396 694 29 characters character NNS 39396 694 30 of of IN 39396 694 31 live live JJ 39396 694 32 voles vole NNS 39396 694 33 . . . 39396 695 1 The the DT 39396 695 2 graphs graph NNS 39396 695 3 indicate indicate VBP 39396 695 4 individual individual JJ 39396 695 5 variation variation NN 39396 695 6 in in IN 39396 695 7 these these DT 39396 695 8 characters character NNS 39396 695 9 which which WDT 39396 695 10 limits limit VBZ 39396 695 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 695 12 usefulness usefulness NN 39396 695 13 in in IN 39396 695 14 determining determine VBG 39396 695 15 age age NN 39396 695 16 . . . 39396 696 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 696 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 696 3 : : : 39396 696 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 696 5 . . . 39396 697 1 13 13 CD 39396 697 2 . . . 39396 698 1 Graphs Graphs NNP 39396 698 2 of of IN 39396 698 3 the the DT 39396 698 4 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 698 5 lengths length NNS 39396 698 6 , , , 39396 698 7 body body NN 39396 698 8 lengths length NNS 39396 698 9 and and CC 39396 698 10 weights weight NNS 39396 698 11 of of IN 39396 698 12 a a DT 39396 698 13 series series NN 39396 698 14 of of IN 39396 698 15 voles vole NNS 39396 698 16 of of IN 39396 698 17 known know VBN 39396 698 18 age age NN 39396 698 19 . . . 39396 699 1 Within within IN 39396 699 2 each each DT 39396 699 3 age age NN 39396 699 4 group group NN 39396 699 5 , , , 39396 699 6 the the DT 39396 699 7 youngest young JJS 39396 699 8 vole vole NNP 39396 699 9 is be VBZ 39396 699 10 on on IN 39396 699 11 the the DT 39396 699 12 left left NN 39396 699 13 in in IN 39396 699 14 the the DT 39396 699 15 graphs graphs NN 39396 699 16 . . . 39396 699 17 ] ] -RRB- 39396 700 1 When when WRB 39396 700 2 other other JJ 39396 700 3 cranial cranial JJ 39396 700 4 measurements measurement NNS 39396 700 5 , , , 39396 700 6 and and CC 39396 700 7 ratios ratio NNS 39396 700 8 of of IN 39396 700 9 pairs pair NNS 39396 700 10 of of IN 39396 700 11 measurements measurement NNS 39396 700 12 , , , 39396 700 13 were be VBD 39396 700 14 plotted plot VBN 39396 700 15 in in IN 39396 700 16 the the DT 39396 700 17 same same JJ 39396 700 18 order order NN 39396 700 19 , , , 39396 700 20 individual individual JJ 39396 700 21 variation variation NN 39396 700 22 obscured obscure VBD 39396 700 23 some some DT 39396 700 24 of of IN 39396 700 25 the the DT 39396 700 26 variation variation NN 39396 700 27 due due JJ 39396 700 28 to to IN 39396 700 29 age age NN 39396 700 30 and and CC 39396 700 31 the the DT 39396 700 32 curves curve NNS 39396 700 33 resembled resemble VBD 39396 700 34 those those DT 39396 700 35 of of IN 39396 700 36 weight weight NN 39396 700 37 and and CC 39396 700 38 length length NN 39396 700 39 of of IN 39396 700 40 body body NN 39396 700 41 rather rather RB 39396 700 42 than than IN 39396 700 43 that that DT 39396 700 44 of of IN 39396 700 45 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 700 46 length length NN 39396 700 47 . . . 39396 701 1 When when WRB 39396 701 2 the the DT 39396 701 3 cranial cranial JJ 39396 701 4 measurements measurement NNS 39396 701 5 were be VBD 39396 701 6 averaged average VBN 39396 701 7 for for IN 39396 701 8 the the DT 39396 701 9 age age NN 39396 701 10 groups group NNS 39396 701 11 the the DT 39396 701 12 curves curve NNS 39396 701 13 showed show VBD 39396 701 14 a a DT 39396 701 15 relationship relationship NN 39396 701 16 to to IN 39396 701 17 age age NN 39396 701 18 but but CC 39396 701 19 the the DT 39396 701 20 relationship relationship NN 39396 701 21 of of IN 39396 701 22 mean mean JJ 39396 701 23 measurements measurement NNS 39396 701 24 is be VBZ 39396 701 25 of of IN 39396 701 26 little little JJ 39396 701 27 use use NN 39396 701 28 in in IN 39396 701 29 determining determine VBG 39396 701 30 the the DT 39396 701 31 age age NN 39396 701 32 of of IN 39396 701 33 individual individual JJ 39396 701 34 specimens specimen NNS 39396 701 35 . . . 39396 702 1 The the DT 39396 702 2 data datum NNS 39396 702 3 described describe VBN 39396 702 4 above above RB 39396 702 5 indicated indicate VBD 39396 702 6 that that IN 39396 702 7 a a DT 39396 702 8 study study NN 39396 702 9 of of IN 39396 702 10 the the DT 39396 702 11 relationship relationship NN 39396 702 12 of of IN 39396 702 13 the the DT 39396 702 14 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 702 15 length length NN 39396 702 16 and and CC 39396 702 17 age age NN 39396 702 18 in in IN 39396 702 19 a a DT 39396 702 20 large large JJ 39396 702 21 sample sample NN 39396 702 22 might may MD 39396 702 23 provide provide VB 39396 702 24 useful useful JJ 39396 702 25 information information NN 39396 702 26 . . . 39396 703 1 Anyone anyone NN 39396 703 2 who who WP 39396 703 3 has have VBZ 39396 703 4 examined examine VBN 39396 703 5 mammalian mammalian NNP 39396 703 6 skulls skull NNS 39396 703 7 knows know VBZ 39396 703 8 of of IN 39396 703 9 many many JJ 39396 703 10 other other JJ 39396 703 11 characters character NNS 39396 703 12 which which WDT 39396 703 13 vary vary VBP 39396 703 14 with with IN 39396 703 15 age age NN 39396 703 16 but but CC 39396 703 17 which which WDT 39396 703 18 are be VBP 39396 703 19 difficult difficult JJ 39396 703 20 to to TO 39396 703 21 measure measure VB 39396 703 22 and and CC 39396 703 23 describe describe VB 39396 703 24 with with IN 39396 703 25 precision precision NN 39396 703 26 . . . 39396 704 1 Figs fig NNS 39396 704 2 14 14 CD 39396 704 3 and and CC 39396 704 4 15 15 CD 39396 704 5 are be VBP 39396 704 6 drawings drawing NNS 39396 704 7 of of IN 39396 704 8 skulls skull NNS 39396 704 9 of of IN 39396 704 10 voles vole NNS 39396 704 11 of of IN 39396 704 12 known know VBN 39396 704 13 age age NN 39396 704 14 . . . 39396 705 1 The the DT 39396 705 2 most most RBS 39396 705 3 obvious obvious JJ 39396 705 4 change change NN 39396 705 5 , , , 39396 705 6 related relate VBN 39396 705 7 to to IN 39396 705 8 aging age VBG 39396 705 9 , , , 39396 705 10 evident evident JJ 39396 705 11 in in IN 39396 705 12 the the DT 39396 705 13 dorsal dorsal NN 39396 705 14 view view NN 39396 705 15 of of IN 39396 705 16 the the DT 39396 705 17 skulls skull NNS 39396 705 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 705 19 Fig fig NN 39396 705 20 . . . 39396 706 1 14 14 CD 39396 706 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 706 3 is be VBZ 39396 706 4 the the DT 39396 706 5 increasing increase VBG 39396 706 6 prominence prominence NN 39396 706 7 and and CC 39396 706 8 closer close JJR 39396 706 9 approximation approximation NN 39396 706 10 of of IN 39396 706 11 the the DT 39396 706 12 temporal temporal JJ 39396 706 13 ridges ridge NNS 39396 706 14 in in IN 39396 706 15 older old JJR 39396 706 16 specimens specimen NNS 39396 706 17 . . . 39396 707 1 The the DT 39396 707 2 lambdoidal lambdoidal NN 39396 707 3 ridge ridge NN 39396 707 4 is be VBZ 39396 707 5 also also RB 39396 707 6 more more RBR 39396 707 7 prominent prominent JJ 39396 707 8 in in IN 39396 707 9 older old JJR 39396 707 10 voles vole NNS 39396 707 11 , , , 39396 707 12 and and CC 39396 707 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 707 14 skulls skull NNS 39396 707 15 have have VBP 39396 707 16 a a DT 39396 707 17 generally generally RB 39396 707 18 rougher rough JJR 39396 707 19 and and CC 39396 707 20 more more RBR 39396 707 21 angular angular JJ 39396 707 22 appearance appearance NN 39396 707 23 . . . 39396 708 1 The the DT 39396 708 2 individual individual JJ 39396 708 3 variation variation NN 39396 708 4 evident evident NN 39396 708 5 in in IN 39396 708 6 these these DT 39396 708 7 ridges ridge NNS 39396 708 8 is be VBZ 39396 708 9 probably probably RB 39396 708 10 due due IN 39396 708 11 to to IN 39396 708 12 variations variation NNS 39396 708 13 in in IN 39396 708 14 the the DT 39396 708 15 development development NN 39396 708 16 of of IN 39396 708 17 the the DT 39396 708 18 muscles muscle NNS 39396 708 19 operating operate VBG 39396 708 20 the the DT 39396 708 21 jaws jaw NNS 39396 708 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 708 23 Howell Howell NNP 39396 708 24 , , , 39396 708 25 1924:1003 1924:1003 NNP 39396 708 26 ) ) -RRB- 39396 708 27 . . . 39396 709 1 There there EX 39396 709 2 is be VBZ 39396 709 3 an an DT 39396 709 4 increased increase VBN 39396 709 5 flattening flattening NN 39396 709 6 of of IN 39396 709 7 the the DT 39396 709 8 roof roof NN 39396 709 9 of of IN 39396 709 10 the the DT 39396 709 11 skull skull NN 39396 709 12 of of IN 39396 709 13 older old JJR 39396 709 14 voles vole NNS 39396 709 15 . . . 39396 710 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 710 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 710 3 : : : 39396 710 4 1 1 LS 39396 710 5 - - HYPH 39396 710 6 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 710 7 months month NNS 39396 710 8 2 2 CD 39396 710 9 - - HYPH 39396 710 10 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 710 11 months month NNS 39396 710 12 3 3 CD 39396 710 13 months month NNS 39396 710 14 3 3 CD 39396 710 15 - - HYPH 39396 710 16 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 710 17 months month NNS 39396 710 18 4 4 CD 39396 710 19 months month NNS 39396 710 20 4 4 CD 39396 710 21 - - SYM 39396 710 22 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 710 23 months month NNS 39396 710 24 6 6 CD 39396 710 25 months month NNS 39396 710 26 12 12 CD 39396 710 27 months month NNS 39396 710 28 All all DT 39396 710 29 × × NNS 39396 710 30 3 3 CD 39396 710 31 . . . 39396 711 1 FIG FIG NNP 39396 711 2 . . . 39396 712 1 14 14 CD 39396 712 2 . . . 39396 713 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 39396 713 2 views view NNS 39396 713 3 of of IN 39396 713 4 skulls skull NNS 39396 713 5 of of IN 39396 713 6 voles vole NNS 39396 713 7 of of IN 39396 713 8 known know VBN 39396 713 9 age age NN 39396 713 10 . . . 39396 713 11 ] ] -RRB- 39396 714 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 714 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 714 3 : : : 39396 714 4 1 1 LS 39396 714 5 - - HYPH 39396 714 6 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 714 7 months month NNS 39396 714 8 2 2 CD 39396 714 9 - - HYPH 39396 714 10 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 714 11 months month NNS 39396 714 12 3 3 CD 39396 714 13 months month NNS 39396 714 14 3 3 CD 39396 714 15 - - HYPH 39396 714 16 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 714 17 months month NNS 39396 714 18 4 4 CD 39396 714 19 months month NNS 39396 714 20 4 4 CD 39396 714 21 - - SYM 39396 714 22 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 714 23 months month NNS 39396 714 24 6 6 CD 39396 714 25 months month NNS 39396 714 26 12 12 CD 39396 714 27 months month NNS 39396 714 28 All all DT 39396 714 29 × × NNS 39396 714 30 3 3 CD 39396 714 31 . . . 39396 715 1 FIG FIG NNP 39396 715 2 . . . 39396 716 1 15 15 CD 39396 716 2 . . . 39396 717 1 Palatal palatal JJ 39396 717 2 views view NNS 39396 717 3 of of IN 39396 717 4 skulls skull NNS 39396 717 5 of of IN 39396 717 6 voles vole NNS 39396 717 7 of of IN 39396 717 8 known know VBN 39396 717 9 age age NN 39396 717 10 . . . 39396 717 11 ] ] -RRB- 39396 718 1 From from IN 39396 718 2 a a DT 39396 718 3 palatal palatal JJ 39396 718 4 view view NN 39396 718 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 718 6 Fig fig NN 39396 718 7 . . . 39396 719 1 15 15 LS 39396 719 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 719 3 the the DT 39396 719 4 skulls skull NNS 39396 719 5 of of IN 39396 719 6 voles vole NNS 39396 719 7 also also RB 39396 719 8 showed show VBD 39396 719 9 age age NN 39396 719 10 variation variation NN 39396 719 11 which which WDT 39396 719 12 was be VBD 39396 719 13 apparent apparent JJ 39396 719 14 but but CC 39396 719 15 not not RB 39396 719 16 easily easily RB 39396 719 17 correlated correlate VBN 39396 719 18 with with IN 39396 719 19 precise precise JJ 39396 719 20 age age NN 39396 719 21 . . . 39396 720 1 The the DT 39396 720 2 median median JJ 39396 720 3 ridge ridge NN 39396 720 4 on on IN 39396 720 5 the the DT 39396 720 6 basioccipital basioccipital JJ 39396 720 7 bone bone NN 39396 720 8 increases increase NNS 39396 720 9 in in IN 39396 720 10 prominence prominence NN 39396 720 11 in in IN 39396 720 12 older old JJR 39396 720 13 voles vole NNS 39396 720 14 . . . 39396 721 1 The the DT 39396 721 2 shape shape NN 39396 721 3 of of IN 39396 721 4 the the DT 39396 721 5 posterior posterior NN 39396 721 6 margin margin NN 39396 721 7 of of IN 39396 721 8 the the DT 39396 721 9 palatine palatine NN 39396 721 10 bones bone NNS 39396 721 11 changes change NNS 39396 721 12 from from IN 39396 721 13 a a DT 39396 721 14 V v NN 39396 721 15 - - HYPH 39396 721 16 shape shape NN 39396 721 17 to to IN 39396 721 18 a a DT 39396 721 19 U U NNP 39396 721 20 - - HYPH 39396 721 21 shape shape NN 39396 721 22 . . . 39396 722 1 On on IN 39396 722 2 the the DT 39396 722 3 skull skull NN 39396 722 4 of of IN 39396 722 5 the the DT 39396 722 6 oldest old JJS 39396 722 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 722 8 12 12 CD 39396 722 9 months month NNS 39396 722 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 722 11 vole vole NNP 39396 722 12 the the DT 39396 722 13 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 39396 722 14 processes process NNS 39396 722 15 are be VBP 39396 722 16 firmly firmly RB 39396 722 17 fused fuse VBN 39396 722 18 to to IN 39396 722 19 the the DT 39396 722 20 bullae bullae NNP 39396 722 21 , , , 39396 722 22 a a DT 39396 722 23 condition condition NN 39396 722 24 not not RB 39396 722 25 found find VBN 39396 722 26 in in IN 39396 722 27 any any DT 39396 722 28 of of IN 39396 722 29 the the DT 39396 722 30 other other JJ 39396 722 31 specimens specimen NNS 39396 722 32 . . . 39396 723 1 The the DT 39396 723 2 anterior anterior NN 39396 723 3 spine spine NN 39396 723 4 of of IN 39396 723 5 the the DT 39396 723 6 palatine palatine NN 39396 723 7 approaches approach VBZ 39396 723 8 the the DT 39396 723 9 posterior posterior NN 39396 723 10 projection projection NN 39396 723 11 of of IN 39396 723 12 the the DT 39396 723 13 premaxillae premaxillae NN 39396 723 14 more more RBR 39396 723 15 closely closely RB 39396 723 16 as as IN 39396 723 17 age age NN 39396 723 18 increases increase NNS 39396 723 19 and and CC 39396 723 20 , , , 39396 723 21 in in IN 39396 723 22 the the DT 39396 723 23 oldest old JJS 39396 723 24 vole vole NNP 39396 723 25 is be VBZ 39396 723 26 firmly firmly RB 39396 723 27 attached attach VBN 39396 723 28 and and CC 39396 723 29 forms form VBZ 39396 723 30 a a DT 39396 723 31 complete complete JJ 39396 723 32 partition partition NN 39396 723 33 separating separate VBG 39396 723 34 the the DT 39396 723 35 incisive incisive JJ 39396 723 36 foramina foramina NN 39396 723 37 . . . 39396 724 1 Tooth tooth JJ 39396 724 2 wear wear VBP 39396 724 3 during during IN 39396 724 4 the the DT 39396 724 5 life life NN 39396 724 6 of of IN 39396 724 7 a a DT 39396 724 8 vole vole NNP 39396 724 9 causes cause VBZ 39396 724 10 a a DT 39396 724 11 considerable considerable JJ 39396 724 12 variation variation NN 39396 724 13 in in IN 39396 724 14 the the DT 39396 724 15 enamel enamel NNP 39396 724 16 patterns pattern NNS 39396 724 17 , , , 39396 724 18 especially especially RB 39396 724 19 of of IN 39396 724 20 the the DT 39396 724 21 third third JJ 39396 724 22 upper upper JJ 39396 724 23 molar molar NN 39396 724 24 . . . 39396 725 1 Howell Howell NNP 39396 725 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 725 3 1924:1012 1924:1012 NNP 39396 725 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 725 5 considered consider VBD 39396 725 6 such such JJ 39396 725 7 variation variation NN 39396 725 8 to to TO 39396 725 9 be be VB 39396 725 10 independent independent JJ 39396 725 11 of of IN 39396 725 12 age age NN 39396 725 13 , , , 39396 725 14 but but CC 39396 725 15 Hinton Hinton NNP 39396 725 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 725 17 1926:103 1926:103 CD 39396 725 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 725 19 related relate VBD 39396 725 20 the the DT 39396 725 21 changes change NNS 39396 725 22 to to IN 39396 725 23 age age NN 39396 725 24 and and CC 39396 725 25 interpreted interpret VBD 39396 725 26 them -PRON- PRP 39396 725 27 as as IN 39396 725 28 a a DT 39396 725 29 recapitulation recapitulation NN 39396 725 30 of of IN 39396 725 31 the the DT 39396 725 32 evolution evolution NN 39396 725 33 of of IN 39396 725 34 microtine microtine JJ 39396 725 35 molars molar NNS 39396 725 36 . . . 39396 726 1 In in IN 39396 726 2 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 726 3 series series NN 39396 726 4 , , , 39396 726 5 an an DT 39396 726 6 indentation indentation NN 39396 726 7 on on IN 39396 726 8 the the DT 39396 726 9 medial medial JJ 39396 726 10 margin margin NN 39396 726 11 of of IN 39396 726 12 the the DT 39396 726 13 posterior posterior JJ 39396 726 14 loop loop NN 39396 726 15 of of IN 39396 726 16 the the DT 39396 726 17 third third JJ 39396 726 18 upper upper NNP 39396 726 19 molar molar NN 39396 726 20 seemed seem VBD 39396 726 21 to to TO 39396 726 22 be be VB 39396 726 23 related relate VBN 39396 726 24 to to IN 39396 726 25 age age NN 39396 726 26 . . . 39396 727 1 This this DT 39396 727 2 indentation indentation NN 39396 727 3 was be VBD 39396 727 4 absent absent JJ 39396 727 5 in in IN 39396 727 6 the the DT 39396 727 7 youngest young JJS 39396 727 8 vole vole NNP 39396 727 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 727 10 one one CD 39396 727 11 and and CC 39396 727 12 one one CD 39396 727 13 - - HYPH 39396 727 14 half half NN 39396 727 15 months month NNS 39396 727 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 727 17 , , , 39396 727 18 absent absent JJ 39396 727 19 or or CC 39396 727 20 indefinite indefinite JJ 39396 727 21 in in IN 39396 727 22 those those DT 39396 727 23 voles vole NNS 39396 727 24 less less JJR 39396 727 25 than than IN 39396 727 26 3 3 CD 39396 727 27 - - SYM 39396 727 28 1/2 1/2 CD 39396 727 29 months month NNS 39396 727 30 of of IN 39396 727 31 age age NN 39396 727 32 , , , 39396 727 33 and and CC 39396 727 34 progressively progressively RB 39396 727 35 more more RBR 39396 727 36 marked marked JJ 39396 727 37 in in IN 39396 727 38 the the DT 39396 727 39 older old JJR 39396 727 40 voles vole NNS 39396 727 41 . . . 39396 728 1 Food food NN 39396 728 2 Habits Habits NNP 39396 728 3 The the DT 39396 728 4 prairie prairie NN 39396 728 5 vole vole NNP 39396 728 6 , , , 39396 728 7 like like IN 39396 728 8 other other JJ 39396 728 9 members member NNS 39396 728 10 of of IN 39396 728 11 the the DT 39396 728 12 genus genus NNP 39396 728 13 _ _ NNP 39396 728 14 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 728 15 _ _ NNP 39396 728 16 , , , 39396 728 17 feeds feed VBZ 39396 728 18 mostly mostly RB 39396 728 19 on on IN 39396 728 20 growing grow VBG 39396 728 21 grass grass NN 39396 728 22 in in IN 39396 728 23 spring spring NN 39396 728 24 and and CC 39396 728 25 summer summer NN 39396 728 26 . . . 39396 729 1 Piles pile NNS 39396 729 2 of of IN 39396 729 3 cuttings cutting NNS 39396 729 4 in in IN 39396 729 5 the the DT 39396 729 6 runways runway NNS 39396 729 7 are be VBP 39396 729 8 characteristic characteristic JJ 39396 729 9 sign sign NN 39396 729 10 of of IN 39396 729 11 the the DT 39396 729 12 presence presence NN 39396 729 13 of of IN 39396 729 14 voles vole NNS 39396 729 15 . . . 39396 730 1 The the DT 39396 730 2 voles vole NNS 39396 730 3 cut cut VBD 39396 730 4 successive successive JJ 39396 730 5 sections section NNS 39396 730 6 from from IN 39396 730 7 the the DT 39396 730 8 bases basis NNS 39396 730 9 of of IN 39396 730 10 grasses grass NNS 39396 730 11 until until IN 39396 730 12 the the DT 39396 730 13 young young JJ 39396 730 14 and and CC 39396 730 15 tender tender JJ 39396 730 16 growing grow VBG 39396 730 17 tips tip NNS 39396 730 18 are be VBP 39396 730 19 within within IN 39396 730 20 reach reach NN 39396 730 21 . . . 39396 731 1 The the DT 39396 731 2 quantity quantity NN 39396 731 3 of of IN 39396 731 4 grass grass NN 39396 731 5 destroyed destroy VBN 39396 731 6 is be VBZ 39396 731 7 greater great JJR 39396 731 8 than than IN 39396 731 9 that that DT 39396 731 10 actually actually RB 39396 731 11 eaten eat VBN 39396 731 12 , , , 39396 731 13 a a DT 39396 731 14 fact fact NN 39396 731 15 which which WDT 39396 731 16 will will MD 39396 731 17 have have VB 39396 731 18 to to TO 39396 731 19 be be VB 39396 731 20 considered consider VBN 39396 731 21 in in IN 39396 731 22 any any DT 39396 731 23 attempt attempt NN 39396 731 24 to to TO 39396 731 25 evaluate evaluate VB 39396 731 26 the the DT 39396 731 27 effects effect NNS 39396 731 28 of of IN 39396 731 29 voles vole NNS 39396 731 30 upon upon IN 39396 731 31 a a DT 39396 731 32 range range NN 39396 731 33 . . . 39396 732 1 In in IN 39396 732 2 all all DT 39396 732 3 piles pile NNS 39396 732 4 of of IN 39396 732 5 cut cut NN 39396 732 6 plants plant NNS 39396 732 7 that that WDT 39396 732 8 were be VBD 39396 732 9 examined examine VBN 39396 732 10 , , , 39396 732 11 _ _ NNP 39396 732 12 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 732 13 inermis inermis NNP 39396 732 14 _ _ NNP 39396 732 15 was be VBD 39396 732 16 the the DT 39396 732 17 most most RBS 39396 732 18 common common JJ 39396 732 19 grass grass NN 39396 732 20 , , , 39396 732 21 and and CC 39396 732 22 _ _ NNP 39396 732 23 Poa Poa NNP 39396 732 24 pratensis pratensis NN 39396 732 25 _ _ NNP 39396 732 26 was be VBD 39396 732 27 the the DT 39396 732 28 grass grass NN 39396 732 29 second second JJ 39396 732 30 in in IN 39396 732 31 abundance abundance NN 39396 732 32 . . . 39396 733 1 These these DT 39396 733 2 were be VBD 39396 733 3 , , , 39396 733 4 by by IN 39396 733 5 far far RB 39396 733 6 , , , 39396 733 7 the the DT 39396 733 8 most most RBS 39396 733 9 common common JJ 39396 733 10 grasses grass NNS 39396 733 11 present present JJ 39396 733 12 on on IN 39396 733 13 the the DT 39396 733 14 areas area NNS 39396 733 15 studied study VBN 39396 733 16 ; ; : 39396 733 17 in in IN 39396 733 18 most most JJS 39396 733 19 places place NNS 39396 733 20 , , , 39396 733 21 _ _ NNP 39396 733 22 B. B. NNP 39396 734 1 inermis inermis NNP 39396 734 2 _ _ NNP 39396 734 3 was be VBD 39396 734 4 dominant dominant JJ 39396 734 5 . . . 39396 735 1 Other other JJ 39396 735 2 grasses grass NNS 39396 735 3 present present JJ 39396 735 4 on on IN 39396 735 5 the the DT 39396 735 6 areas area NNS 39396 735 7 were be VBD 39396 735 8 occasionally occasionally RB 39396 735 9 found find VBN 39396 735 10 in in IN 39396 735 11 the the DT 39396 735 12 piles pile NNS 39396 735 13 of of IN 39396 735 14 cuttings cutting NNS 39396 735 15 . . . 39396 736 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 736 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 736 3 1947:133 1947:133 CD 39396 736 4 - - SYM 39396 736 5 136 136 CD 39396 736 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 736 7 found find VBD 39396 736 8 no no DT 39396 736 9 utilization utilization NN 39396 736 10 of of IN 39396 736 11 _ _ NNP 39396 736 12 B. B. NNP 39396 737 1 inermis inermis NNP 39396 737 2 _ _ NNP 39396 737 3 by by IN 39396 737 4 voles vole NNS 39396 737 5 but but CC 39396 737 6 that that DT 39396 737 7 grass grass NN 39396 737 8 was be VBD 39396 737 9 present present JJ 39396 737 10 in in IN 39396 737 11 a a DT 39396 737 12 relative relative JJ 39396 737 13 abundance abundance NN 39396 737 14 of of IN 39396 737 15 only only RB 39396 737 16 one one CD 39396 737 17 per per IN 39396 737 18 cent cent NN 39396 737 19 in in IN 39396 737 20 the the DT 39396 737 21 areas area NNS 39396 737 22 studied study VBN 39396 737 23 by by IN 39396 737 24 him -PRON- PRP 39396 737 25 . . . 39396 738 1 The the DT 39396 738 2 voles vole NNS 39396 738 3 that that WDT 39396 738 4 he -PRON- PRP 39396 738 5 studied study VBD 39396 738 6 ate eat VBD 39396 738 7 alfalfa alfalfa NN 39396 738 8 in in IN 39396 738 9 large large JJ 39396 738 10 amounts amount NNS 39396 738 11 and and CC 39396 738 12 alfalfa alfalfa NN 39396 738 13 was be VBD 39396 738 14 , , , 39396 738 15 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 738 16 , , , 39396 738 17 the the DT 39396 738 18 most most RBS 39396 738 19 common common JJ 39396 738 20 plant plant NN 39396 738 21 on on IN 39396 738 22 the the DT 39396 738 23 particular particular JJ 39396 738 24 areas area NNS 39396 738 25 where where WRB 39396 738 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 738 27 voles vole NNS 39396 738 28 were be VBD 39396 738 29 caught catch VBN 39396 738 30 . . . 39396 739 1 Seemingly seemingly RB 39396 739 2 , , , 39396 739 3 the the DT 39396 739 4 diet diet NN 39396 739 5 of of IN 39396 739 6 voles vole NNS 39396 739 7 is be VBZ 39396 739 8 determined determine VBN 39396 739 9 mostly mostly RB 39396 739 10 by by IN 39396 739 11 the the DT 39396 739 12 species specie NNS 39396 739 13 composition composition NN 39396 739 14 of of IN 39396 739 15 the the DT 39396 739 16 habitat habitat NN 39396 739 17 . . . 39396 740 1 Other other JJ 39396 740 2 summer summer NN 39396 740 3 foods food NNS 39396 740 4 included include VBD 39396 740 5 pokeberries pokeberrie NNS 39396 740 6 , , , 39396 740 7 blackberries blackberry NNS 39396 740 8 and and CC 39396 740 9 a a DT 39396 740 10 few few JJ 39396 740 11 forbs forb NNS 39396 740 12 and and CC 39396 740 13 insects insect NNS 39396 740 14 . . . 39396 741 1 Forbs forb NNS 39396 741 2 most most RBS 39396 741 3 commonly commonly RB 39396 741 4 found find VBN 39396 741 5 in in IN 39396 741 6 the the DT 39396 741 7 piles pile NNS 39396 741 8 of of IN 39396 741 9 cuttings cutting NNS 39396 741 10 were be VBD 39396 741 11 the the DT 39396 741 12 leaves leave NNS 39396 741 13 of of IN 39396 741 14 the the DT 39396 741 15 giant giant JJ 39396 741 16 ragweed ragweed NN 39396 741 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 741 18 younger young JJR 39396 741 19 plants plant NNS 39396 741 20 only only RB 39396 741 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 741 22 and and CC 39396 741 23 dandelion dandelion NN 39396 741 24 . . . 39396 742 1 Insect insect NN 39396 742 2 remains remain NNS 39396 742 3 were be VBD 39396 742 4 found find VBN 39396 742 5 in in IN 39396 742 6 the the DT 39396 742 7 stomachs stomach NNS 39396 742 8 of of IN 39396 742 9 voles vole NNS 39396 742 10 killed kill VBN 39396 742 11 in in IN 39396 742 12 summer summer NN 39396 742 13 and and CC 39396 742 14 occurred occur VBD 39396 742 15 most most RBS 39396 742 16 frequently frequently RB 39396 742 17 in in IN 39396 742 18 those those DT 39396 742 19 killed kill VBN 39396 742 20 in in IN 39396 742 21 August August NNP 39396 742 22 and and CC 39396 742 23 September September NNP 39396 742 24 . . . 39396 743 1 At at IN 39396 743 2 no no DT 39396 743 3 time time NN 39396 743 4 did do VBD 39396 743 5 insects insect NNS 39396 743 6 seem seem VB 39396 743 7 to to TO 39396 743 8 be be VB 39396 743 9 a a DT 39396 743 10 major major JJ 39396 743 11 part part NN 39396 743 12 of of IN 39396 743 13 the the DT 39396 743 14 diet diet NN 39396 743 15 but but CC 39396 743 16 they -PRON- PRP 39396 743 17 were be VBD 39396 743 18 present present JJ 39396 743 19 in in IN 39396 743 20 most most JJS 39396 743 21 vole vole JJ 39396 743 22 stomachs stomach NNS 39396 743 23 examined examine VBN 39396 743 24 in in IN 39396 743 25 late late JJ 39396 743 26 summer summer NN 39396 743 27 . . . 39396 744 1 Laboratory laboratory NN 39396 744 2 experiments experiment NNS 39396 744 3 with with IN 39396 744 4 summer summer NN 39396 744 5 foods food NNS 39396 744 6 gave give VBD 39396 744 7 inconclusive inconclusive JJ 39396 744 8 results result NNS 39396 744 9 but but CC 39396 744 10 suggested suggest VBD 39396 744 11 that that IN 39396 744 12 the the DT 39396 744 13 voles vole NNS 39396 744 14 chose choose VBD 39396 744 15 grasses grass NNS 39396 744 16 on on IN 39396 744 17 the the DT 39396 744 18 basis basis NN 39396 744 19 of of IN 39396 744 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 744 21 growth growth NN 39396 744 22 stage stage NN 39396 744 23 rather rather RB 39396 744 24 than than IN 39396 744 25 according accord VBG 39396 744 26 to to IN 39396 744 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 744 28 species specie NNS 39396 744 29 . . . 39396 745 1 Young young JJ 39396 745 2 and and CC 39396 745 3 tender tender JJ 39396 745 4 grasses grass NNS 39396 745 5 were be VBD 39396 745 6 chosen choose VBN 39396 745 7 , , , 39396 745 8 regardless regardless RB 39396 745 9 of of IN 39396 745 10 species specie NNS 39396 745 11 , , , 39396 745 12 when when WRB 39396 745 13 various various JJ 39396 745 14 combinations combination NNS 39396 745 15 of of IN 39396 745 16 _ _ NNP 39396 745 17 Triodia Triodia NNP 39396 745 18 flava flava JJ 39396 745 19 _ _ NNP 39396 745 20 , , , 39396 745 21 _ _ NNP 39396 745 22 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 745 23 inermis inermis NNP 39396 745 24 _ _ NNP 39396 745 25 and and CC 39396 745 26 _ _ NNP 39396 745 27 Poa Poa NNP 39396 745 28 pratensis pratensis NN 39396 745 29 _ _ NNP 39396 745 30 were be VBD 39396 745 31 offered offer VBN 39396 745 32 to to IN 39396 745 33 the the DT 39396 745 34 voles vole NNS 39396 745 35 . . . 39396 746 1 At at IN 39396 746 2 times time NNS 39396 746 3 the the DT 39396 746 4 voles vole NNS 39396 746 5 showed show VBD 39396 746 6 a a DT 39396 746 7 marked marked JJ 39396 746 8 preference preference NN 39396 746 9 for for IN 39396 746 10 dandelion dandelion NN 39396 746 11 greens green NNS 39396 746 12 , , , 39396 746 13 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 746 14 because because IN 39396 746 15 of of IN 39396 746 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 746 17 high high JJ 39396 746 18 moisture moisture NN 39396 746 19 content content NN 39396 746 20 ; ; : 39396 746 21 the the DT 39396 746 22 voles vole NNS 39396 746 23 ' ' POS 39396 746 24 water water NN 39396 746 25 needs need NNS 39396 746 26 were be VBD 39396 746 27 satisfied satisfy VBN 39396 746 28 mostly mostly RB 39396 746 29 by by IN 39396 746 30 eating eat VBG 39396 746 31 such such JJ 39396 746 32 succulent succulent JJ 39396 746 33 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 746 34 . . . 39396 747 1 Winter winter NN 39396 747 2 foods food NNS 39396 747 3 consisted consist VBD 39396 747 4 of of IN 39396 747 5 stored store VBN 39396 747 6 hay hay NN 39396 747 7 and and CC 39396 747 8 fruits fruit NNS 39396 747 9 and and CC 39396 747 10 of of IN 39396 747 11 underground underground JJ 39396 747 12 plant plant NN 39396 747 13 parts part NNS 39396 747 14 . . . 39396 748 1 _ _ NNP 39396 748 2 Bromus Bromus NNP 39396 748 3 inermis inermis NNP 39396 748 4 _ _ NNP 39396 748 5 made make VBD 39396 748 6 up up RP 39396 748 7 nearly nearly RB 39396 748 8 all all DT 39396 748 9 of of IN 39396 748 10 the the DT 39396 748 11 hay hay NN 39396 748 12 and and CC 39396 748 13 was be VBD 39396 748 14 stored store VBN 39396 748 15 in in IN 39396 748 16 lengths length NNS 39396 748 17 of of IN 39396 748 18 up up IN 39396 748 19 to to TO 39396 748 20 ten ten CD 39396 748 21 inches inch NNS 39396 748 22 in in IN 39396 748 23 underground underground JJ 39396 748 24 chambers chamber NNS 39396 748 25 specially specially RB 39396 748 26 constructed construct VBN 39396 748 27 for for IN 39396 748 28 storage storage NN 39396 748 29 . . . 39396 749 1 Underground underground JJ 39396 749 2 parts part NNS 39396 749 3 of of IN 39396 749 4 plants plant NNS 39396 749 5 were be VBD 39396 749 6 reached reach VBN 39396 749 7 by by IN 39396 749 8 tunnelling tunnel VBG 39396 749 9 and and CC 39396 749 10 were be VBD 39396 749 11 an an DT 39396 749 12 especially especially RB 39396 749 13 important important JJ 39396 749 14 part part NN 39396 749 15 of of IN 39396 749 16 the the DT 39396 749 17 voles vole NNS 39396 749 18 ' ' POS 39396 749 19 diet diet NN 39396 749 20 in in IN 39396 749 21 January January NNP 39396 749 22 and and CC 39396 749 23 February February NNP 39396 749 24 . . . 39396 750 1 The the DT 39396 750 2 fruit fruit NN 39396 750 3 of of IN 39396 750 4 _ _ NNP 39396 750 5 Solanum Solanum NNP 39396 750 6 carolinense carolinense NN 39396 750 7 _ _ NNP 39396 750 8 was be VBD 39396 750 9 eaten eat VBN 39396 750 10 throughout throughout IN 39396 750 11 the the DT 39396 750 12 winter winter NN 39396 750 13 and and CC 39396 750 14 one one CD 39396 750 15 underground underground JJ 39396 750 16 chamber chamber NN 39396 750 17 , , , 39396 750 18 opened open VBN 39396 750 19 in in IN 39396 750 20 February February NNP 39396 750 21 , , , 39396 750 22 1952 1952 CD 39396 750 23 , , , 39396 750 24 was be VBD 39396 750 25 packed pack VBN 39396 750 26 full full JJ 39396 750 27 of of IN 39396 750 28 these these DT 39396 750 29 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 750 30 unsavory unsavory JJ 39396 750 31 fruits fruit NNS 39396 750 32 . . . 39396 751 1 Fisher Fisher NNP 39396 751 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 751 3 1945:436 1945:436 CD 39396 751 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 751 5 , , , 39396 751 6 in in IN 39396 751 7 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 751 8 , , , 39396 751 9 found find VBD 39396 751 10 this this DT 39396 751 11 fruit fruit NN 39396 751 12 to to TO 39396 751 13 be be VB 39396 751 14 an an DT 39396 751 15 important important JJ 39396 751 16 part part NN 39396 751 17 of of IN 39396 751 18 the the DT 39396 751 19 winter winter NN 39396 751 20 diet diet NN 39396 751 21 of of IN 39396 751 22 voles vole NNS 39396 751 23 . . . 39396 752 1 An an DT 39396 752 2 occasional occasional JJ 39396 752 3 pod pod NN 39396 752 4 of of IN 39396 752 5 the the DT 39396 752 6 honey honey NN 39396 752 7 locust locust NN 39396 752 8 tree tree NN 39396 752 9 was be VBD 39396 752 10 found find VBN 39396 752 11 partly partly RB 39396 752 12 eaten eat VBN 39396 752 13 in in IN 39396 752 14 a a DT 39396 752 15 runway runway NN 39396 752 16 . . . 39396 753 1 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 753 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 753 3 1953 1953 CD 39396 753 4 , , , 39396 753 5 _ _ NNP 39396 753 6 in in IN 39396 753 7 litt litt NNP 39396 753 8 . . . 39396 753 9 _ _ NNP 39396 753 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 753 11 often often RB 39396 753 12 observed observe VBD 39396 753 13 girdling girdle VBG 39396 753 14 of of IN 39396 753 15 honey honey NNP 39396 753 16 locust locust NN 39396 753 17 and and CC 39396 753 18 crab crab NN 39396 753 19 apple apple NN 39396 753 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 753 21 _ _ NNP 39396 753 22 Pyrus Pyrus NNP 39396 753 23 ioensis ioensis NN 39396 753 24 _ _ NNP 39396 753 25 ) ) -RRB- 39396 753 26 root root NN 39396 753 27 crowns crown NNS 39396 753 28 on on IN 39396 753 29 the the DT 39396 753 30 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 753 31 but but CC 39396 753 32 I -PRON- PRP 39396 753 33 saw see VBD 39396 753 34 no no DT 39396 753 35 evidence evidence NN 39396 753 36 of of IN 39396 753 37 bark bark NN 39396 753 38 eating eat VBG 39396 753 39 , , , 39396 753 40 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 753 41 because because IN 39396 753 42 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 753 43 study study NN 39396 753 44 plots plot NNS 39396 753 45 were be VBD 39396 753 46 mostly mostly RB 39396 753 47 grassland grassland JJ 39396 753 48 . . . 39396 754 1 On on IN 39396 754 2 two two CD 39396 754 3 occasions occasion NNS 39396 754 4 when when WRB 39396 754 5 two two CD 39396 754 6 voles vole NNS 39396 754 7 were be VBD 39396 754 8 in in IN 39396 754 9 the the DT 39396 754 10 same same JJ 39396 754 11 trap trap NN 39396 754 12 one one CD 39396 754 13 of of IN 39396 754 14 them -PRON- PRP 39396 754 15 was be VBD 39396 754 16 eaten eat VBN 39396 754 17 . . . 39396 755 1 In in IN 39396 755 2 both both DT 39396 755 3 traps trap NNS 39396 755 4 , , , 39396 755 5 all all DT 39396 755 6 of of IN 39396 755 7 the the DT 39396 755 8 bait bait NN 39396 755 9 had have VBD 39396 755 10 been be VBN 39396 755 11 eaten eat VBN 39396 755 12 and and CC 39396 755 13 the the DT 39396 755 14 captured capture VBN 39396 755 15 voles vole NNS 39396 755 16 probably probably RB 39396 755 17 were be VBD 39396 755 18 approaching approach VBG 39396 755 19 starvation starvation NN 39396 755 20 . . . 39396 756 1 Because because IN 39396 756 2 the the DT 39396 756 3 trapping trapping NN 39396 756 4 procedure procedure NN 39396 756 5 offered offer VBD 39396 756 6 abundant abundant JJ 39396 756 7 opportunity opportunity NN 39396 756 8 for for IN 39396 756 9 cannibalism cannibalism NN 39396 756 10 , , , 39396 756 11 the the DT 39396 756 12 low low JJ 39396 756 13 frequency frequency NN 39396 756 14 of of IN 39396 756 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 756 16 occurrence occurrence NN 39396 756 17 suggested suggest VBD 39396 756 18 that that IN 39396 756 19 it -PRON- PRP 39396 756 20 was be VBD 39396 756 21 not not RB 39396 756 22 an an DT 39396 756 23 important important JJ 39396 756 24 factor factor NN 39396 756 25 in in IN 39396 756 26 satisfying satisfy VBG 39396 756 27 food food NN 39396 756 28 requirements requirement NNS 39396 756 29 under under IN 39396 756 30 normal normal JJ 39396 756 31 conditions condition NNS 39396 756 32 . . . 39396 757 1 Runways runway NNS 39396 757 2 and and CC 39396 757 3 Nests Nests NNPS 39396 757 4 Perhaps perhaps RB 39396 757 5 the the DT 39396 757 6 most most RBS 39396 757 7 characteristic characteristic JJ 39396 757 8 sign sign NN 39396 757 9 of of IN 39396 757 10 the the DT 39396 757 11 presence presence NN 39396 757 12 of of IN 39396 757 13 _ _ NNP 39396 757 14 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 757 15 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 757 16 _ _ NNP 39396 757 17 were be VBD 39396 757 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 757 19 surface surface NN 39396 757 20 runways runway NNS 39396 757 21 and and CC 39396 757 22 underground underground JJ 39396 757 23 tunnels tunnel NNS 39396 757 24 . . . 39396 758 1 Only only RB 39396 758 2 rarely rarely RB 39396 758 3 was be VBD 39396 758 4 a a DT 39396 758 5 vole vole NNP 39396 758 6 observed observe VBN 39396 758 7 to to TO 39396 758 8 expose expose VB 39396 758 9 itself -PRON- PRP 39396 758 10 to to IN 39396 758 11 full full JJ 39396 758 12 view view NN 39396 758 13 . . . 39396 759 1 When when WRB 39396 759 2 a a DT 39396 759 3 trapped trap VBN 39396 759 4 vole vole NNP 39396 759 5 was be VBD 39396 759 6 released release VBN 39396 759 7 it -PRON- PRP 39396 759 8 immediately immediately RB 39396 759 9 dove dive VBD 39396 759 10 out out IN 39396 759 11 of of IN 39396 759 12 sight sight NN 39396 759 13 into into IN 39396 759 14 a a DT 39396 759 15 runway runway NN 39396 759 16 . . . 39396 760 1 Once once RB 39396 760 2 in in IN 39396 760 3 a a DT 39396 760 4 runway runway NN 39396 760 5 , , , 39396 760 6 the the DT 39396 760 7 vole vole NNP 39396 760 8 showed show VBD 39396 760 9 no no DT 39396 760 10 further further JJ 39396 760 11 evidence evidence NN 39396 760 12 of of IN 39396 760 13 alarm alarm NN 39396 760 14 and and CC 39396 760 15 was be VBD 39396 760 16 usually usually RB 39396 760 17 in in IN 39396 760 18 no no DT 39396 760 19 hurry hurry NN 39396 760 20 to to TO 39396 760 21 get get VB 39396 760 22 away away RB 39396 760 23 . . . 39396 761 1 The the DT 39396 761 2 runways runway NNS 39396 761 3 seemed seem VBD 39396 761 4 to to TO 39396 761 5 provide provide VB 39396 761 6 a a DT 39396 761 7 sense sense NN 39396 761 8 of of IN 39396 761 9 security security NN 39396 761 10 and and CC 39396 761 11 the the DT 39396 761 12 voles vole NNS 39396 761 13 were be VBD 39396 761 14 familiar familiar JJ 39396 761 15 with with IN 39396 761 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 761 17 range range NN 39396 761 18 only only RB 39396 761 19 through through IN 39396 761 20 runway runway NN 39396 761 21 travel travel NN 39396 761 22 . . . 39396 762 1 The the DT 39396 762 2 urge urge NN 39396 762 3 to to TO 39396 762 4 seek seek VB 39396 762 5 a a DT 39396 762 6 runway runway NN 39396 762 7 immediately immediately RB 39396 762 8 when when WRB 39396 762 9 exposed expose VBN 39396 762 10 has have VBZ 39396 762 11 obvious obvious JJ 39396 762 12 survival survival NN 39396 762 13 value value NN 39396 762 14 . . . 39396 763 1 Surface surface NN 39396 763 2 runways runway NNS 39396 763 3 were be VBD 39396 763 4 usually usually RB 39396 763 5 under under IN 39396 763 6 a a DT 39396 763 7 mat mat NN 39396 763 8 of of IN 39396 763 9 debris debris NN 39396 763 10 . . . 39396 764 1 In in IN 39396 764 2 areas area NNS 39396 764 3 where where WRB 39396 764 4 debris debris NN 39396 764 5 was be VBD 39396 764 6 scanty scanty NN 39396 764 7 or or CC 39396 764 8 lacking lack VBG 39396 764 9 , , , 39396 764 10 runways runway NNS 39396 764 11 were be VBD 39396 764 12 usually usually RB 39396 764 13 absent absent JJ 39396 764 14 . . . 39396 765 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 765 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 765 3 1947:136 1947:136 CD 39396 765 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 765 5 reported report VBD 39396 765 6 that that IN 39396 765 7 in in IN 39396 765 8 alfalfa alfalfa NN 39396 765 9 and and CC 39396 765 10 clover clover RB 39396 765 11 fields field VBZ 39396 765 12 the the DT 39396 765 13 voles vole NNS 39396 765 14 did do VBD 39396 765 15 not not RB 39396 765 16 make make VB 39396 765 17 runways runway NNS 39396 765 18 as as IN 39396 765 19 they -PRON- PRP 39396 765 20 did do VBD 39396 765 21 in in IN 39396 765 22 grassland grassland NN 39396 765 23 , , , 39396 765 24 even even RB 39396 765 25 in in IN 39396 765 26 fields field NNS 39396 765 27 where where WRB 39396 765 28 trapping trapping NN 39396 765 29 records record NNS 39396 765 30 showed show VBD 39396 765 31 voles vole NNS 39396 765 32 to to TO 39396 765 33 be be VB 39396 765 34 abundant abundant JJ 39396 765 35 . . . 39396 766 1 Typical typical JJ 39396 766 2 surface surface NN 39396 766 3 runways runway NNS 39396 766 4 are be VBP 39396 766 5 approximately approximately RB 39396 766 6 50 50 CD 39396 766 7 mm mm CD 39396 766 8 . . . 39396 767 1 wide wide JJ 39396 767 2 , , , 39396 767 3 only only RB 39396 767 4 slightly slightly RB 39396 767 5 cut cut VBN 39396 767 6 into into IN 39396 767 7 the the DT 39396 767 8 ground ground NN 39396 767 9 and and CC 39396 767 10 bare bare JJ 39396 767 11 of of IN 39396 767 12 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 767 13 while while IN 39396 767 14 in in IN 39396 767 15 use use NN 39396 767 16 . . . 39396 768 1 Usually usually RB 39396 768 2 they -PRON- PRP 39396 768 3 could could MD 39396 768 4 be be VB 39396 768 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 39396 768 6 from from IN 39396 768 7 the the DT 39396 768 8 runways runway NNS 39396 768 9 of of IN 39396 768 10 the the DT 39396 768 11 pine pine JJ 39396 768 12 vole vole NNP 39396 768 13 , , , 39396 768 14 which which WDT 39396 768 15 were be VBD 39396 768 16 cut cut VBN 39396 768 17 more more RBR 39396 768 18 deeply deeply RB 39396 768 19 into into IN 39396 768 20 the the DT 39396 768 21 ground ground NN 39396 768 22 , , , 39396 768 23 and and CC 39396 768 24 those those DT 39396 768 25 of of IN 39396 768 26 the the DT 39396 768 27 cotton cotton NN 39396 768 28 rat rat NN 39396 768 29 which which WDT 39396 768 30 were be VBD 39396 768 31 wider wide JJR 39396 768 32 and and CC 39396 768 33 not not RB 39396 768 34 so so RB 39396 768 35 well well RB 39396 768 36 cleared clear VBN 39396 768 37 of of IN 39396 768 38 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 768 39 . . . 39396 769 1 Some some DT 39396 769 2 runways runway NNS 39396 769 3 ended end VBD 39396 769 4 in in IN 39396 769 5 surface surface NN 39396 769 6 chambers chamber NNS 39396 769 7 and and CC 39396 769 8 some some DT 39396 769 9 of of IN 39396 769 10 these these DT 39396 769 11 were be VBD 39396 769 12 lined line VBN 39396 769 13 with with IN 39396 769 14 grass grass NN 39396 769 15 . . . 39396 770 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 770 2 size size NN 39396 770 3 varied vary VBD 39396 770 4 from from IN 39396 770 5 a a DT 39396 770 6 diameter diameter NN 39396 770 7 of of IN 39396 770 8 90 90 CD 39396 770 9 mm mm CD 39396 770 10 . . . 39396 771 1 to to IN 39396 771 2 250 250 CD 39396 771 3 mm mm NNS 39396 771 4 . . . 39396 772 1 and and CC 39396 772 2 they -PRON- PRP 39396 772 3 seemed seem VBD 39396 772 4 to to TO 39396 772 5 be be VB 39396 772 6 used use VBN 39396 772 7 primarily primarily RB 39396 772 8 for for IN 39396 772 9 resting rest VBG 39396 772 10 places place NNS 39396 772 11 . . . 39396 773 1 A a DT 39396 773 2 runway runway NN 39396 773 3 system system NN 39396 773 4 usually usually RB 39396 773 5 consisted consist VBD 39396 773 6 of of IN 39396 773 7 a a DT 39396 773 8 long long JJ 39396 773 9 , , , 39396 773 10 crooked crooked JJ 39396 773 11 runway runway NN 39396 773 12 and and CC 39396 773 13 several several JJ 39396 773 14 branches branch NNS 39396 773 15 . . . 39396 774 1 Two two CD 39396 774 2 typical typical JJ 39396 774 3 systems system NNS 39396 774 4 are be VBP 39396 774 5 illustrated illustrate VBN 39396 774 6 in in IN 39396 774 7 Fig Fig NNP 39396 774 8 . . . 39396 775 1 16 16 CD 39396 775 2 . . . 39396 776 1 The the DT 39396 776 2 runway runway NN 39396 776 3 systems system NNS 39396 776 4 often often RB 39396 776 5 were be VBD 39396 776 6 not not RB 39396 776 7 clearly clearly RB 39396 776 8 limited limited JJ 39396 776 9 ; ; : 39396 776 10 they -PRON- PRP 39396 776 11 merged merge VBD 39396 776 12 with with IN 39396 776 13 other other JJ 39396 776 14 systems system NNS 39396 776 15 more more RBR 39396 776 16 or or CC 39396 776 17 less less RBR 39396 776 18 completely completely RB 39396 776 19 . . . 39396 777 1 One one CD 39396 777 2 map map NN 39396 777 3 showed show VBD 39396 777 4 a a DT 39396 777 5 runway runway NN 39396 777 6 system system NN 39396 777 7 extending extend VBG 39396 777 8 across across IN 39396 777 9 140 140 CD 39396 777 10 square square JJ 39396 777 11 meters meter NNS 39396 777 12 and and CC 39396 777 13 including include VBG 39396 777 14 12 12 CD 39396 777 15 underground underground JJ 39396 777 16 burrows burrow NNS 39396 777 17 . . . 39396 778 1 All all DT 39396 778 2 of of IN 39396 778 3 these these DT 39396 778 4 runways runway NNS 39396 778 5 seemed seem VBD 39396 778 6 to to TO 39396 778 7 be be VB 39396 778 8 part part NN 39396 778 9 of of IN 39396 778 10 a a DT 39396 778 11 single single JJ 39396 778 12 runway runway NN 39396 778 13 system system NN 39396 778 14 but but CC 39396 778 15 the the DT 39396 778 16 system system NN 39396 778 17 probably probably RB 39396 778 18 was be VBD 39396 778 19 used use VBN 39396 778 20 by by IN 39396 778 21 more more JJR 39396 778 22 than than IN 39396 778 23 one one CD 39396 778 24 vole vole NNP 39396 778 25 or or CC 39396 778 26 family family NN 39396 778 27 group group NN 39396 778 28 of of IN 39396 778 29 voles vole NNS 39396 778 30 . . . 39396 779 1 Sixteen sixteen CD 39396 779 2 of of IN 39396 779 3 the the DT 39396 779 4 22 22 CD 39396 779 5 maps map NNS 39396 779 6 that that WDT 39396 779 7 were be VBD 39396 779 8 made make VBN 39396 779 9 extended extended JJ 39396 779 10 across across IN 39396 779 11 areas area NNS 39396 779 12 between between IN 39396 779 13 50 50 CD 39396 779 14 and and CC 39396 779 15 90 90 CD 39396 779 16 square square JJ 39396 779 17 meters meter NNS 39396 779 18 . . . 39396 780 1 One one CD 39396 780 2 map map NN 39396 780 3 , , , 39396 780 4 mentioned mention VBN 39396 780 5 above above RB 39396 780 6 , , , 39396 780 7 was be VBD 39396 780 8 larger large JJR 39396 780 9 and and CC 39396 780 10 the the DT 39396 780 11 remaining remain VBG 39396 780 12 five five CD 39396 780 13 smaller small JJR 39396 780 14 . . . 39396 781 1 The the DT 39396 781 2 smallest small JJS 39396 781 3 extended extend VBN 39396 781 4 across across IN 39396 781 5 only only RB 39396 781 6 20 20 CD 39396 781 7 square square JJ 39396 781 8 meters meter NNS 39396 781 9 . . . 39396 782 1 Of of RB 39396 782 2 course course RB 39396 782 3 , , , 39396 782 4 the the DT 39396 782 5 area area NN 39396 782 6 encompassed encompass VBN 39396 782 7 by by IN 39396 782 8 a a DT 39396 782 9 set set NN 39396 782 10 of of IN 39396 782 11 runways runway NNS 39396 782 12 changed change VBD 39396 782 13 almost almost RB 39396 782 14 daily daily RB 39396 782 15 , , , 39396 782 16 as as IN 39396 782 17 the the DT 39396 782 18 voles vole NNS 39396 782 19 extended extend VBD 39396 782 20 some some DT 39396 782 21 runways runway NNS 39396 782 22 , , , 39396 782 23 added add VBD 39396 782 24 some some DT 39396 782 25 and and CC 39396 782 26 abandoned abandon VBD 39396 782 27 others other NNS 39396 782 28 in in IN 39396 782 29 the the DT 39396 782 30 course course NN 39396 782 31 of of IN 39396 782 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 782 33 daily daily JJ 39396 782 34 travels travel NNS 39396 782 35 . . . 39396 783 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 783 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 783 3 : : : 39396 783 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 783 5 . . . 39396 784 1 16 16 CD 39396 784 2 . . . 39396 785 1 Maps map NNS 39396 785 2 of of IN 39396 785 3 runway runway NN 39396 785 4 systems system NNS 39396 785 5 of of IN 39396 785 6 the the DT 39396 785 7 prairie prairie NNP 39396 785 8 vole vole NNP 39396 785 9 . . . 39396 786 1 The the DT 39396 786 2 runways runway NNS 39396 786 3 follow follow VBP 39396 786 4 an an DT 39396 786 5 irregular irregular JJ 39396 786 6 course course NN 39396 786 7 and and CC 39396 786 8 are be VBP 39396 786 9 frequently frequently RB 39396 786 10 changed change VBN 39396 786 11 . . . 39396 787 1 The the DT 39396 787 2 solid solid JJ 39396 787 3 lines line NNS 39396 787 4 represent represent VBP 39396 787 5 surface surface NN 39396 787 6 runways runway NNS 39396 787 7 and and CC 39396 787 8 the the DT 39396 787 9 dotted dotted JJ 39396 787 10 lines line NNS 39396 787 11 underground underground JJ 39396 787 12 passages passage NNS 39396 787 13 . . . 39396 787 14 ] ] -RRB- 39396 788 1 Each each DT 39396 788 2 runway runway NN 39396 788 3 system system NN 39396 788 4 contained contain VBD 39396 788 5 underground underground JJ 39396 788 6 nests nest NNS 39396 788 7 . . . 39396 789 1 These these DT 39396 789 2 were be VBD 39396 789 3 in in IN 39396 789 4 chambers chamber NNS 39396 789 5 from from IN 39396 789 6 70 70 CD 39396 789 7 mm mm NNS 39396 789 8 . . . 39396 790 1 to to IN 39396 790 2 200 200 CD 39396 790 3 mm mm NNS 39396 790 4 . . . 39396 791 1 below below IN 39396 791 2 the the DT 39396 791 3 surface surface NN 39396 791 4 and and CC 39396 791 5 were be VBD 39396 791 6 up up IN 39396 791 7 to to IN 39396 791 8 200 200 CD 39396 791 9 mm mm NNS 39396 791 10 . . . 39396 792 1 in in IN 39396 792 2 diameter diameter NN 39396 792 3 . . . 39396 793 1 Most Most JJS 39396 793 2 systems system NNS 39396 793 3 that that WDT 39396 793 4 were be VBD 39396 793 5 mapped map VBN 39396 793 6 had have VBD 39396 793 7 from from IN 39396 793 8 two two CD 39396 793 9 to to TO 39396 793 10 six six CD 39396 793 11 of of IN 39396 793 12 these these DT 39396 793 13 burrows burrow NNS 39396 793 14 . . . 39396 794 1 Most Most JJS 39396 794 2 of of IN 39396 794 3 these these DT 39396 794 4 were be VBD 39396 794 5 lined line VBN 39396 794 6 with with IN 39396 794 7 dried dry VBN 39396 794 8 grass grass NN 39396 794 9 and and CC 39396 794 10 seemed seem VBD 39396 794 11 to to TO 39396 794 12 be be VB 39396 794 13 used use VBN 39396 794 14 for for IN 39396 794 15 delivering delivering NN 39396 794 16 and and CC 39396 794 17 nursing nursing NN 39396 794 18 litters litter NNS 39396 794 19 . . . 39396 795 1 Each each DT 39396 795 2 burrow burrow NN 39396 795 3 was be VBD 39396 795 4 connected connect VBN 39396 795 5 to to IN 39396 795 6 a a DT 39396 795 7 surface surface NN 39396 795 8 runway runway NN 39396 795 9 by by IN 39396 795 10 a a DT 39396 795 11 tunnel tunnel NN 39396 795 12 . . . 39396 796 1 Often often RB 39396 796 2 the the DT 39396 796 3 tunnel tunnel NN 39396 796 4 was be VBD 39396 796 5 short short JJ 39396 796 6 and and CC 39396 796 7 the the DT 39396 796 8 hole hole NN 39396 796 9 opened open VBD 39396 796 10 almost almost RB 39396 796 11 directly directly RB 39396 796 12 into into IN 39396 796 13 the the DT 39396 796 14 burrow burrow NN 39396 796 15 from from IN 39396 796 16 the the DT 39396 796 17 surface surface NN 39396 796 18 runway runway NN 39396 796 19 . . . 39396 797 1 Others other NNS 39396 797 2 had have VBD 39396 797 3 tunnels tunnel NNS 39396 797 4 several several JJ 39396 797 5 meters meter NNS 39396 797 6 long long JJ 39396 797 7 . . . 39396 798 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 798 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 798 3 1947:137 1947:137 CD 39396 798 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 798 5 reported report VBD 39396 798 6 every every DT 39396 798 7 burrow burrow NN 39396 798 8 to to TO 39396 798 9 have have VB 39396 798 10 two two CD 39396 798 11 connections connection NNS 39396 798 12 with with IN 39396 798 13 the the DT 39396 798 14 surface surface NN 39396 798 15 . . . 39396 799 1 In in IN 39396 799 2 the the DT 39396 799 3 present present JJ 39396 799 4 study study NN 39396 799 5 , , , 39396 799 6 however however RB 39396 799 7 , , , 39396 799 8 I -PRON- PRP 39396 799 9 found find VBD 39396 799 10 three three CD 39396 799 11 arrangements arrangement NNS 39396 799 12 in in IN 39396 799 13 approximately approximately RB 39396 799 14 equal equal JJ 39396 799 15 frequency frequency NN 39396 799 16 of of IN 39396 799 17 occurrence occurrence NN 39396 799 18 : : : 39396 799 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 799 20 1 1 LS 39396 799 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 799 22 one one CD 39396 799 23 hole hole NN 39396 799 24 to to IN 39396 799 25 one one CD 39396 799 26 tunnel tunnel NN 39396 799 27 leading lead VBG 39396 799 28 to to IN 39396 799 29 a a DT 39396 799 30 burrow burrow NN 39396 799 31 ; ; : 39396 799 32 ( ( -LRB- 39396 799 33 2 2 LS 39396 799 34 ) ) -RRB- 39396 799 35 two two CD 39396 799 36 holes hole NNS 39396 799 37 to to IN 39396 799 38 two two CD 39396 799 39 short short JJ 39396 799 40 tunnels tunnel NNS 39396 799 41 which which WDT 39396 799 42 joined join VBD 39396 799 43 a a DT 39396 799 44 long long JJ 39396 799 45 tunnel tunnel NN 39396 799 46 leading lead VBG 39396 799 47 to to IN 39396 799 48 a a DT 39396 799 49 burrow burrow NN 39396 799 50 ; ; : 39396 799 51 and and CC 39396 799 52 ( ( -LRB- 39396 799 53 3 3 LS 39396 799 54 ) ) -RRB- 39396 799 55 two two CD 39396 799 56 separate separate JJ 39396 799 57 tunnels tunnel NNS 39396 799 58 from from IN 39396 799 59 the the DT 39396 799 60 surface surface NN 39396 799 61 to to IN 39396 799 62 a a DT 39396 799 63 burrow burrow NN 39396 799 64 . . . 39396 800 1 The the DT 39396 800 2 size size NN 39396 800 3 , , , 39396 800 4 depth depth NN 39396 800 5 and and CC 39396 800 6 number number NN 39396 800 7 of of IN 39396 800 8 underground underground JJ 39396 800 9 burrows burrow NNS 39396 800 10 in in IN 39396 800 11 the the DT 39396 800 12 systems system NNS 39396 800 13 that that WDT 39396 800 14 I -PRON- PRP 39396 800 15 studied study VBD 39396 800 16 varied varied JJ 39396 800 17 and and CC 39396 800 18 so so RB 39396 800 19 did do VBD 39396 800 20 those those DT 39396 800 21 reported report VBN 39396 800 22 in in IN 39396 800 23 the the DT 39396 800 24 literature literature NN 39396 800 25 . . . 39396 801 1 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 801 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 801 3 _ _ NNP 39396 801 4 loc loc NNP 39396 801 5 . . . 39396 802 1 cit cit NNP 39396 802 2 . . . 39396 802 3 _ _ NNP 39396 802 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 802 5 found find VBD 39396 802 6 burrows burrow NNS 39396 802 7 in in IN 39396 802 8 eastern eastern JJ 39396 802 9 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 802 10 as as RB 39396 802 11 deep deep JJ 39396 802 12 as as IN 39396 802 13 18 18 CD 39396 802 14 inches inch NNS 39396 802 15 , , , 39396 802 16 far far RB 39396 802 17 deeper deeply RBR 39396 802 18 than than IN 39396 802 19 any any DT 39396 802 20 found find VBN 39396 802 21 in in IN 39396 802 22 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 802 23 study study NN 39396 802 24 . . . 39396 803 1 Fisher fisher NN 39396 803 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 803 3 1945:435 1945:435 CD 39396 803 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 803 5 reported report VBD 39396 803 6 none none NN 39396 803 7 deeper deep JJR 39396 803 8 than than IN 39396 803 9 five five CD 39396 803 10 inches inch NNS 39396 803 11 in in IN 39396 803 12 central central JJ 39396 803 13 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 803 14 . . . 39396 804 1 The the DT 39396 804 2 soil soil NN 39396 804 3 data datum NNS 39396 804 4 in in IN 39396 804 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 804 6 study study NN 39396 804 7 , , , 39396 804 8 as as RB 39396 804 9 well well RB 39396 804 10 as as IN 39396 804 11 in in IN 39396 804 12 the the DT 39396 804 13 two two CD 39396 804 14 reports report NNS 39396 804 15 cited cite VBD 39396 804 16 immediately immediately RB 39396 804 17 above above RB 39396 804 18 , , , 39396 804 19 were be VBD 39396 804 20 not not RB 39396 804 21 adequate adequate JJ 39396 804 22 to to TO 39396 804 23 permit permit VB 39396 804 24 conclusions conclusion NNS 39396 804 25 , , , 39396 804 26 but but CC 39396 804 27 the the DT 39396 804 28 type type NN 39396 804 29 and and CC 39396 804 30 condition condition NN 39396 804 31 of of IN 39396 804 32 the the DT 39396 804 33 soil soil NN 39396 804 34 probably probably RB 39396 804 35 determine determine VBP 39396 804 36 the the DT 39396 804 37 extent extent NN 39396 804 38 of of IN 39396 804 39 burrowing burrowing NN 39396 804 40 by by IN 39396 804 41 the the DT 39396 804 42 voles vole NNS 39396 804 43 of of IN 39396 804 44 any any DT 39396 804 45 given give VBN 39396 804 46 locality locality NN 39396 804 47 . . . 39396 805 1 The the DT 39396 805 2 number number NN 39396 805 3 of of IN 39396 805 4 voles vole NNS 39396 805 5 using use VBG 39396 805 6 a a DT 39396 805 7 runway runway NN 39396 805 8 system system NN 39396 805 9 at at IN 39396 805 10 one one CD 39396 805 11 time time NN 39396 805 12 was be VBD 39396 805 13 difficult difficult JJ 39396 805 14 to to TO 39396 805 15 ascertain ascertain VB 39396 805 16 . . . 39396 806 1 In in IN 39396 806 2 one one CD 39396 806 3 system system NN 39396 806 4 , , , 39396 806 5 however however RB 39396 806 6 , , , 39396 806 7 four four CD 39396 806 8 adult adult NN 39396 806 9 individuals individual NNS 39396 806 10 were be VBD 39396 806 11 trapped trap VBN 39396 806 12 in in IN 39396 806 13 a a DT 39396 806 14 ten ten CD 39396 806 15 day day NN 39396 806 16 period period NN 39396 806 17 . . . 39396 807 1 In in IN 39396 807 2 August August NNP 39396 807 3 , , , 39396 807 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 807 5 , , , 39396 807 6 at at IN 39396 807 7 the the DT 39396 807 8 conclusion conclusion NN 39396 807 9 of of IN 39396 807 10 the the DT 39396 807 11 live live RB 39396 807 12 - - HYPH 39396 807 13 trapping trap VBG 39396 807 14 program program NN 39396 807 15 , , , 39396 807 16 a a DT 39396 807 17 runway runway NN 39396 807 18 system system NN 39396 807 19 was be VBD 39396 807 20 mapped map VBN 39396 807 21 which which WDT 39396 807 22 had have VBD 39396 807 23 included include VBN 39396 807 24 two two CD 39396 807 25 trapping trap VBG 39396 807 26 stations station NNS 39396 807 27 . . . 39396 808 1 In in IN 39396 808 2 the the DT 39396 808 3 preceding precede VBG 39396 808 4 ten ten CD 39396 808 5 days day NNS 39396 808 6 , , , 39396 808 7 four four CD 39396 808 8 adult adult NN 39396 808 9 voles vole NNS 39396 808 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 808 11 three three CD 39396 808 12 males male NNS 39396 808 13 and and CC 39396 808 14 one one CD 39396 808 15 female female NN 39396 808 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 808 17 had have VBD 39396 808 18 been be VBN 39396 808 19 taken take VBN 39396 808 20 in in IN 39396 808 21 both both DT 39396 808 22 traps trap NNS 39396 808 23 . . . 39396 809 1 During during IN 39396 809 2 that that DT 39396 809 3 time time NN 39396 809 4 , , , 39396 809 5 therefore therefore RB 39396 809 6 , , , 39396 809 7 the the DT 39396 809 8 runway runway NN 39396 809 9 system system NN 39396 809 10 was be VBD 39396 809 11 shared share VBN 39396 809 12 by by IN 39396 809 13 at at RB 39396 809 14 least least RBS 39396 809 15 four four CD 39396 809 16 voles vole NNS 39396 809 17 . . . 39396 810 1 The the DT 39396 810 2 voles vole NNS 39396 810 3 used use VBD 39396 810 4 an an DT 39396 810 5 area area NN 39396 810 6 that that WDT 39396 810 7 was be VBD 39396 810 8 considerably considerably RB 39396 810 9 larger large JJR 39396 810 10 than than IN 39396 810 11 that that DT 39396 810 12 encompassed encompass VBN 39396 810 13 by by IN 39396 810 14 any any DT 39396 810 15 one one CD 39396 810 16 runway runway NN 39396 810 17 system system NN 39396 810 18 , , , 39396 810 19 a a DT 39396 810 20 fact fact NN 39396 810 21 obvious obvious JJ 39396 810 22 when when WRB 39396 810 23 the the DT 39396 810 24 sizes size NNS 39396 810 25 of of IN 39396 810 26 home home NN 39396 810 27 ranges range NNS 39396 810 28 as as IN 39396 810 29 computed compute VBN 39396 810 30 from from IN 39396 810 31 trapping trap VBG 39396 810 32 data datum NNS 39396 810 33 were be VBD 39396 810 34 compared compare VBN 39396 810 35 with with IN 39396 810 36 the the DT 39396 810 37 sizes size NNS 39396 810 38 of of IN 39396 810 39 the the DT 39396 810 40 runway runway NN 39396 810 41 systems system NNS 39396 810 42 mapped map VBN 39396 810 43 . . . 39396 811 1 A a DT 39396 811 2 runway runway NN 39396 811 3 system system NN 39396 811 4 seemed seem VBD 39396 811 5 not not RB 39396 811 6 to to TO 39396 811 7 be be VB 39396 811 8 a a DT 39396 811 9 complete complete JJ 39396 811 10 unit unit NN 39396 811 11 , , , 39396 811 12 but but CC 39396 811 13 was be VBD 39396 811 14 only only RB 39396 811 15 a a DT 39396 811 16 part part NN 39396 811 17 of of IN 39396 811 18 the the DT 39396 811 19 network network NN 39396 811 20 of of IN 39396 811 21 runways runway NNS 39396 811 22 used use VBN 39396 811 23 by by IN 39396 811 24 a a DT 39396 811 25 single single JJ 39396 811 26 individual individual NN 39396 811 27 . . . 39396 812 1 Activity Activity NNP 39396 812 2 Although although IN 39396 812 3 no no DT 39396 812 4 special special JJ 39396 812 5 investigation investigation NN 39396 812 6 of of IN 39396 812 7 activity activity NN 39396 812 8 was be VBD 39396 812 9 made make VBN 39396 812 10 , , , 39396 812 11 some some DT 39396 812 12 conclusions conclusion NNS 39396 812 13 concerning concern VBG 39396 812 14 it -PRON- PRP 39396 812 15 were be VBD 39396 812 16 apparent apparent JJ 39396 812 17 in in IN 39396 812 18 the the DT 39396 812 19 data datum NNS 39396 812 20 gathered gather VBD 39396 812 21 . . . 39396 813 1 There there EX 39396 813 2 have have VBP 39396 813 3 been be VBN 39396 813 4 a a DT 39396 813 5 few few JJ 39396 813 6 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 813 7 studies study NNS 39396 813 8 of of IN 39396 813 9 the the DT 39396 813 10 activity activity NN 39396 813 11 pattern pattern NN 39396 813 12 of of IN 39396 813 13 _ _ NNP 39396 813 14 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 813 15 _ _ NNP 39396 813 16 by by IN 39396 813 17 various various JJ 39396 813 18 methods method NNS 39396 813 19 . . . 39396 814 1 Calhoun Calhoun NNP 39396 814 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 814 3 1945:256 1945:256 CD 39396 814 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 814 5 reported report VBD 39396 814 6 _ _ NNP 39396 814 7 M. M. NNP 39396 815 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 815 2 _ _ NNP 39396 815 3 to to TO 39396 815 4 be be VB 39396 815 5 mainly mainly RB 39396 815 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 39396 815 7 with with IN 39396 815 8 activity activity NN 39396 815 9 reaching reach VBG 39396 815 10 a a DT 39396 815 11 peak peak NN 39396 815 12 between between IN 39396 815 13 dark dark NN 39396 815 14 and and CC 39396 815 15 midnight midnight NN 39396 815 16 and and CC 39396 815 17 again again RB 39396 815 18 just just RB 39396 815 19 before before IN 39396 815 20 dawn dawn NN 39396 815 21 . . . 39396 816 1 Davis Davis NNP 39396 816 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 816 3 1933:235 1933:235 CD 39396 816 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 816 5 , , , 39396 816 6 working work VBG 39396 816 7 with with IN 39396 816 8 _ _ NNP 39396 816 9 M. M. NNP 39396 817 1 agrestis agrestis NNP 39396 817 2 _ _ NNP 39396 817 3 , , , 39396 817 4 and and CC 39396 817 5 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 39396 817 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 817 7 1935:263 1935:263 CD 39396 817 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 817 9 , , , 39396 817 10 working work VBG 39396 817 11 with with IN 39396 817 12 _ _ NNP 39396 817 13 M. M. NNP 39396 818 1 californicus californicus NNP 39396 818 2 _ _ NNP 39396 818 3 , , , 39396 818 4 both both DT 39396 818 5 found find VBD 39396 818 6 voles vole NNS 39396 818 7 to to TO 39396 818 8 be be VB 39396 818 9 more more RBR 39396 818 10 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 39396 818 11 than than IN 39396 818 12 diurnal diurnal JJ 39396 818 13 . . . 39396 819 1 In in IN 39396 819 2 a a DT 39396 819 3 field field NN 39396 819 4 study study NN 39396 819 5 of of IN 39396 819 6 _ _ NNP 39396 819 7 M. M. NNP 39396 820 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 820 2 _ _ NNP 39396 820 3 , , , 39396 820 4 Hatt Hatt NNP 39396 820 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 820 6 1930:534 1930:534 CD 39396 820 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 820 8 found find VBD 39396 820 9 the the DT 39396 820 10 species specie NNS 39396 820 11 to to TO 39396 820 12 be be VB 39396 820 13 chiefly chiefly RB 39396 820 14 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 39396 820 15 , , , 39396 820 16 although although IN 39396 820 17 some some DT 39396 820 18 activity activity NN 39396 820 19 was be VBD 39396 820 20 reported report VBN 39396 820 21 throughout throughout IN 39396 820 22 the the DT 39396 820 23 day day NN 39396 820 24 . . . 39396 821 1 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 39396 821 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 821 3 1937c:256 1937c:256 CD 39396 821 4 - - SYM 39396 821 5 259 259 CD 39396 821 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 821 7 , , , 39396 821 8 however however RB 39396 821 9 , , , 39396 821 10 reported report VBD 39396 821 11 the the DT 39396 821 12 same same JJ 39396 821 13 species specie NNS 39396 821 14 to to TO 39396 821 15 be be VB 39396 821 16 more more RBR 39396 821 17 active active JJ 39396 821 18 in in IN 39396 821 19 the the DT 39396 821 20 daytime daytime NN 39396 821 21 . . . 39396 822 1 Agreement agreement NN 39396 822 2 on on IN 39396 822 3 the the DT 39396 822 4 activity activity NN 39396 822 5 patterns pattern NNS 39396 822 6 of of IN 39396 822 7 these these DT 39396 822 8 species specie NNS 39396 822 9 of of IN 39396 822 10 _ _ NNP 39396 822 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 822 12 _ _ NNP 39396 822 13 has have VBZ 39396 822 14 not not RB 39396 822 15 yet yet RB 39396 822 16 been be VBN 39396 822 17 attained attain VBN 39396 822 18 . . . 39396 823 1 From from IN 39396 823 2 occasional occasional JJ 39396 823 3 changes change NNS 39396 823 4 in in IN 39396 823 5 the the DT 39396 823 6 time time NN 39396 823 7 of of IN 39396 823 8 tending tend VBG 39396 823 9 a a DT 39396 823 10 trap trap NN 39396 823 11 line line NN 39396 823 12 , , , 39396 823 13 and and CC 39396 823 14 from from IN 39396 823 15 running run VBG 39396 823 16 lines line NNS 39396 823 17 of of IN 39396 823 18 traps trap NNS 39396 823 19 at at IN 39396 823 20 night night NN 39396 823 21 a a DT 39396 823 22 few few JJ 39396 823 23 times time NNS 39396 823 24 in in IN 39396 823 25 the the DT 39396 823 26 summer summer NN 39396 823 27 of of IN 39396 823 28 1951 1951 CD 39396 823 29 , , , 39396 823 30 I -PRON- PRP 39396 823 31 gained gain VBD 39396 823 32 the the DT 39396 823 33 impression impression NN 39396 823 34 that that IN 39396 823 35 these these DT 39396 823 36 voles vole NNS 39396 823 37 were be VBD 39396 823 38 primarily primarily RB 39396 823 39 diurnal diurnal JJ 39396 823 40 . . . 39396 824 1 Relatively relatively RB 39396 824 2 few few JJ 39396 824 3 of of IN 39396 824 4 them -PRON- PRP 39396 824 5 were be VBD 39396 824 6 caught catch VBN 39396 824 7 in in IN 39396 824 8 the the DT 39396 824 9 hours hour NNS 39396 824 10 of of IN 39396 824 11 darkness darkness NN 39396 824 12 . . . 39396 825 1 In in IN 39396 825 2 summer summer NN 39396 825 3 , , , 39396 825 4 however however RB 39396 825 5 , , , 39396 825 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 825 7 activity activity NN 39396 825 8 was be VBD 39396 825 9 mostly mostly RB 39396 825 10 limited limit VBN 39396 825 11 to to IN 39396 825 12 the the DT 39396 825 13 periods period NNS 39396 825 14 between between IN 39396 825 15 dawn dawn NN 39396 825 16 and and CC 39396 825 17 approximately approximately RB 39396 825 18 eight eight CD 39396 825 19 o'clock o'clock NN 39396 825 20 and and CC 39396 825 21 between between IN 39396 825 22 sunset sunset NN 39396 825 23 and and CC 39396 825 24 dark dark NN 39396 825 25 . . . 39396 826 1 In in IN 39396 826 2 colder cold JJR 39396 826 3 weather weather NN 39396 826 4 , , , 39396 826 5 there there EX 39396 826 6 was be VBD 39396 826 7 increased increase VBN 39396 826 8 activity activity NN 39396 826 9 on on IN 39396 826 10 sunny sunny JJ 39396 826 11 days day NNS 39396 826 12 . . . 39396 827 1 PREDATION PREDATION NNP 39396 827 2 Although although IN 39396 827 3 voles vole NNS 39396 827 4 were be VBD 39396 827 5 a a DT 39396 827 6 common common JJ 39396 827 7 item item NN 39396 827 8 of of IN 39396 827 9 prey prey NN 39396 827 10 for for IN 39396 827 11 many many JJ 39396 827 12 species specie NNS 39396 827 13 of of IN 39396 827 14 predators predator NNS 39396 827 15 on on IN 39396 827 16 the the DT 39396 827 17 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 827 18 , , , 39396 827 19 no no DT 39396 827 20 marked marked JJ 39396 827 21 effect effect NN 39396 827 22 on on IN 39396 827 23 the the DT 39396 827 24 density density NN 39396 827 25 of of IN 39396 827 26 the the DT 39396 827 27 population population NN 39396 827 28 of of IN 39396 827 29 this this DT 39396 827 30 vole vole NNP 39396 827 31 could could MD 39396 827 32 be be VB 39396 827 33 attributed attribute VBN 39396 827 34 to to IN 39396 827 35 predation predation NN 39396 827 36 pressure pressure NN 39396 827 37 . . . 39396 828 1 Only only RB 39396 828 2 when when WRB 39396 828 3 densities density NNS 39396 828 4 reached reach VBD 39396 828 5 a a DT 39396 828 6 point point NN 39396 828 7 that that WDT 39396 828 8 caused cause VBD 39396 828 9 many many JJ 39396 828 10 voles vole NNS 39396 828 11 to to TO 39396 828 12 expose expose VB 39396 828 13 themselves -PRON- PRP 39396 828 14 abnormally abnormally RB 39396 828 15 could could MD 39396 828 16 they -PRON- PRP 39396 828 17 be be VB 39396 828 18 heavily heavily RB 39396 828 19 preyed prey VBN 39396 828 20 upon upon IN 39396 828 21 . . . 39396 829 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 829 2 normally normally RB 39396 829 3 secretive secretive JJ 39396 829 4 habits habit NNS 39396 829 5 , , , 39396 829 6 keeping keep VBG 39396 829 7 them -PRON- PRP 39396 829 8 more more RBR 39396 829 9 or or CC 39396 829 10 less less RBR 39396 829 11 out out IN 39396 829 12 of of IN 39396 829 13 sight sight NN 39396 829 14 , , , 39396 829 15 suggest suggest VBP 39396 829 16 that that IN 39396 829 17 they -PRON- PRP 39396 829 18 are be VBP 39396 829 19 an an DT 39396 829 20 especially especially RB 39396 829 21 obvious obvious JJ 39396 829 22 illustration illustration NN 39396 829 23 of of IN 39396 829 24 the the DT 39396 829 25 concept concept NN 39396 829 26 that that IN 39396 829 27 predation predation NN 39396 829 28 is be VBZ 39396 829 29 an an DT 39396 829 30 expression expression NN 39396 829 31 of of IN 39396 829 32 population population NN 39396 829 33 vulnerability vulnerability NN 39396 829 34 , , , 39396 829 35 rising rise VBG 39396 829 36 to to IN 39396 829 37 high high JJ 39396 829 38 levels level NNS 39396 829 39 only only RB 39396 829 40 when when WRB 39396 829 41 a a DT 39396 829 42 population population NN 39396 829 43 is be VBZ 39396 829 44 ecologically ecologically RB 39396 829 45 insecure insecure JJ 39396 829 46 , , , 39396 829 47 rather rather RB 39396 829 48 than than IN 39396 829 49 a a DT 39396 829 50 major major JJ 39396 829 51 factor factor NN 39396 829 52 regulating regulate VBG 39396 829 53 population population NN 39396 829 54 levels level NNS 39396 829 55 ( ( -LRB- 39396 829 56 Errington Errington NNP 39396 829 57 , , , 39396 829 58 1935 1935 CD 39396 829 59 ; ; : 39396 829 60 1936 1936 CD 39396 829 61 ; ; : 39396 829 62 1943 1943 CD 39396 829 63 ; ; : 39396 829 64 Errington Errington NNP 39396 829 65 _ _ NNP 39396 829 66 et et FW 39396 829 67 al al NNP 39396 829 68 _ _ NNP 39396 829 69 , , , 39396 829 70 1940 1940 CD 39396 829 71 ) ) -RRB- 39396 829 72 . . . 39396 830 1 Scats scat NNS 39396 830 2 from from IN 39396 830 3 predatory predatory NN 39396 830 4 mammals mammal NNS 39396 830 5 and and CC 39396 830 6 reptiles reptile NNS 39396 830 7 and and CC 39396 830 8 pellets pellet NNS 39396 830 9 from from IN 39396 830 10 raptorial raptorial JJ 39396 830 11 birds bird NNS 39396 830 12 were be VBD 39396 830 13 examined examine VBN 39396 830 14 . . . 39396 831 1 Most Most JJS 39396 831 2 of of IN 39396 831 3 these these DT 39396 831 4 materials material NNS 39396 831 5 were be VBD 39396 831 6 collected collect VBN 39396 831 7 by by IN 39396 831 8 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 831 9 Henry Henry NNP 39396 831 10 S. S. NNP 39396 831 11 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 831 12 , , , 39396 831 13 who who WP 39396 831 14 kindly kindly RB 39396 831 15 granted grant VBD 39396 831 16 permission permission NN 39396 831 17 to to TO 39396 831 18 use use VB 39396 831 19 them -PRON- PRP 39396 831 20 . . . 39396 832 1 The the DT 39396 832 2 results result NNS 39396 832 3 of of IN 39396 832 4 the the DT 39396 832 5 study study NN 39396 832 6 of of IN 39396 832 7 the the DT 39396 832 8 scats scat NNS 39396 832 9 and and CC 39396 832 10 pellets pellet NNS 39396 832 11 are be VBP 39396 832 12 summarized summarize VBN 39396 832 13 in in IN 39396 832 14 Table table NN 39396 832 15 5 5 CD 39396 832 16 . . . 39396 833 1 Remains remain NNS 39396 833 2 of of IN 39396 833 3 voles vole NNS 39396 833 4 were be VBD 39396 833 5 identified identify VBN 39396 833 6 in in IN 39396 833 7 28 28 CD 39396 833 8 per per IN 39396 833 9 cent cent NN 39396 833 10 of of IN 39396 833 11 the the DT 39396 833 12 scats scat NNS 39396 833 13 of of IN 39396 833 14 the the DT 39396 833 15 copperhead copperhead JJ 39396 833 16 snake snake NN 39396 833 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 833 18 _ _ NNP 39396 833 19 Ancistrodon Ancistrodon NNP 39396 833 20 contortix contortix NNP 39396 833 21 _ _ NNP 39396 833 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 833 23 examined examine VBD 39396 833 24 . . . 39396 834 1 Copperheads copperhead NNS 39396 834 2 were be VBD 39396 834 3 moderately moderately RB 39396 834 4 common common JJ 39396 834 5 on on IN 39396 834 6 the the DT 39396 834 7 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 834 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 834 9 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 834 10 , , , 39396 834 11 1952:24 1952:24 CD 39396 834 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 834 13 and and CC 39396 834 14 were be VBD 39396 834 15 probably probably RB 39396 834 16 important important JJ 39396 834 17 as as IN 39396 834 18 predators predator NNS 39396 834 19 on on IN 39396 834 20 voles vole NNS 39396 834 21 in in IN 39396 834 22 some some DT 39396 834 23 habitats habitat NNS 39396 834 24 . . . 39396 835 1 Uhler Uhler NNP 39396 835 2 _ _ NNP 39396 835 3 et et NNP 39396 835 4 al al NNP 39396 835 5 _ _ NNP 39396 835 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 835 7 1939:611 1939:611 CD 39396 835 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 835 9 , , , 39396 835 10 in in IN 39396 835 11 Virginia Virginia NNP 39396 835 12 , , , 39396 835 13 reported report VBD 39396 835 14 voles vole NNS 39396 835 15 to to TO 39396 835 16 be be VB 39396 835 17 the the DT 39396 835 18 most most RBS 39396 835 19 important important JJ 39396 835 20 prey prey NN 39396 835 21 item item NN 39396 835 22 for for IN 39396 835 23 copperheads copperhead NNS 39396 835 24 . . . 39396 836 1 A a DT 39396 836 2 vole vole NNP 39396 836 3 was be VBD 39396 836 4 taken take VBN 39396 836 5 from from IN 39396 836 6 the the DT 39396 836 7 stomach stomach NN 39396 836 8 of of IN 39396 836 9 a a DT 39396 836 10 rattlesnake rattlesnake NN 39396 836 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 836 12 _ _ NNP 39396 836 13 Crotalus Crotalus NNP 39396 836 14 horridus horridus NN 39396 836 15 _ _ NNP 39396 836 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 836 17 found find VBD 39396 836 18 dead dead JJ 39396 836 19 on on IN 39396 836 20 a a DT 39396 836 21 county county NN 39396 836 22 road road NN 39396 836 23 adjoining adjoin VBG 39396 836 24 the the DT 39396 836 25 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 836 26 . . . 39396 837 1 Rattlesnakes rattlesnake NNS 39396 837 2 were be VBD 39396 837 3 present present JJ 39396 837 4 in in IN 39396 837 5 small small JJ 39396 837 6 numbers number NNS 39396 837 7 on on IN 39396 837 8 the the DT 39396 837 9 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 837 10 but but CC 39396 837 11 were be VBD 39396 837 12 usually usually RB 39396 837 13 found find VBN 39396 837 14 along along IN 39396 837 15 rocky rocky JJ 39396 837 16 ledges ledge NNS 39396 837 17 rather rather RB 39396 837 18 than than IN 39396 837 19 in in IN 39396 837 20 areas area NNS 39396 837 21 where where WRB 39396 837 22 voles vole NNS 39396 837 23 were be VBD 39396 837 24 common common JJ 39396 837 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 837 26 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 837 27 , , , 39396 837 28 _ _ NNP 39396 837 29 loc loc NN 39396 837 30 . . . 39396 838 1 cit cit NNP 39396 838 2 . . . 39396 838 3 _ _ NNP 39396 838 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 838 5 . . . 39396 839 1 The the DT 39396 839 2 rattlesnakes rattlesnake NNS 39396 839 3 probably probably RB 39396 839 4 were be VBD 39396 839 5 less less RBR 39396 839 6 important important JJ 39396 839 7 as as IN 39396 839 8 predators predator NNS 39396 839 9 on on IN 39396 839 10 voles vole NNS 39396 839 11 than than IN 39396 839 12 on on IN 39396 839 13 other other JJ 39396 839 14 small small JJ 39396 839 15 mammals mammal NNS 39396 839 16 more more RBR 39396 839 17 common common JJ 39396 839 18 in in IN 39396 839 19 the the DT 39396 839 20 usual usual JJ 39396 839 21 habitat habitat NN 39396 839 22 of of IN 39396 839 23 these these DT 39396 839 24 snakes snake NNS 39396 839 25 . . . 39396 840 1 The the DT 39396 840 2 blue blue JJ 39396 840 3 racer racer NN 39396 840 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 840 5 _ _ NNP 39396 840 6 Coluber Coluber NNP 39396 840 7 constrictor constrictor NN 39396 840 8 _ _ NNP 39396 840 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 840 10 was be VBD 39396 840 11 common common JJ 39396 840 12 in in IN 39396 840 13 grassland grassland NN 39396 840 14 situations situation NNS 39396 840 15 on on IN 39396 840 16 the the DT 39396 840 17 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 840 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 840 19 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 840 20 , , , 39396 840 21 1952:24 1952:24 CD 39396 840 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 840 23 and and CC 39396 840 24 twice twice RB 39396 840 25 was be VBD 39396 840 26 observed observe VBN 39396 840 27 in in IN 39396 840 28 the the DT 39396 840 29 role role NN 39396 840 30 of of IN 39396 840 31 a a DT 39396 840 32 predator predator NN 39396 840 33 on on IN 39396 840 34 voles vole NNS 39396 840 35 ; ; : 39396 840 36 one one CD 39396 840 37 small small JJ 39396 840 38 blue blue JJ 39396 840 39 racer racer NN 39396 840 40 entered enter VBD 39396 840 41 a a DT 39396 840 42 live live JJ 39396 840 43 - - HYPH 39396 840 44 trap trap NN 39396 840 45 in in IN 39396 840 46 pursuit pursuit NN 39396 840 47 of of IN 39396 840 48 a a DT 39396 840 49 vole vole NNP 39396 840 50 and and CC 39396 840 51 another another DT 39396 840 52 blue blue JJ 39396 840 53 racer racer NN 39396 840 54 was be VBD 39396 840 55 observed observe VBN 39396 840 56 holding hold VBG 39396 840 57 a a DT 39396 840 58 captured capture VBN 39396 840 59 vole vole NNP 39396 840 60 in in IN 39396 840 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 840 62 mouth mouth NN 39396 840 63 . . . 39396 841 1 The the DT 39396 841 2 blue blue JJ 39396 841 3 racer racer NN 39396 841 4 seems seem VBZ 39396 841 5 well well RB 39396 841 6 adapted adapt VBN 39396 841 7 to to IN 39396 841 8 hunt hunt NNP 39396 841 9 voles vole NNS 39396 841 10 and and CC 39396 841 11 probably probably RB 39396 841 12 preys prey VBZ 39396 841 13 on on IN 39396 841 14 them -PRON- PRP 39396 841 15 extensively extensively RB 39396 841 16 . . . 39396 842 1 The the DT 39396 842 2 pilot pilot NN 39396 842 3 black black JJ 39396 842 4 snake snake NN 39396 842 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 842 6 _ _ NNP 39396 842 7 Elaphe Elaphe NNP 39396 842 8 obsoleta obsoleta NN 39396 842 9 _ _ NNP 39396 842 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 842 11 has have VBZ 39396 842 12 been be VBN 39396 842 13 reported report VBN 39396 842 14 as as IN 39396 842 15 a a DT 39396 842 16 predator predator NN 39396 842 17 on on IN 39396 842 18 _ _ NNP 39396 842 19 M. M. NNP 39396 843 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 843 2 _ _ NNP 39396 843 3 in in IN 39396 843 4 the the DT 39396 843 5 neighboring neighboring NN 39396 843 6 state state NN 39396 843 7 of of IN 39396 843 8 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 843 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 843 10 Korschgen Korschgen NNP 39396 843 11 , , , 39396 843 12 1952:60 1952:60 CD 39396 843 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 843 14 and and CC 39396 843 15 was be VBD 39396 843 16 moderately moderately RB 39396 843 17 common common JJ 39396 843 18 on on IN 39396 843 19 the the DT 39396 843 20 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 843 21 ( ( -LRB- 39396 843 22 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 843 23 , , , 39396 843 24 _ _ NNP 39396 843 25 loc loc NN 39396 843 26 . . . 39396 844 1 cit cit NNP 39396 844 2 . . . 39396 844 3 _ _ NNP 39396 844 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 844 5 . . . 39396 845 1 _ _ NNP 39396 845 2 M. M. NNP 39396 846 1 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NNP 39396 846 2 _ _ NNP 39396 846 3 , , , 39396 846 4 with with IN 39396 846 5 habits habit NNS 39396 846 6 similar similar JJ 39396 846 7 to to IN 39396 846 8 those those DT 39396 846 9 of of IN 39396 846 10 _ _ NNP 39396 846 11 M. M. NNP 39396 847 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 847 2 _ _ NNP 39396 847 3 , , , 39396 847 4 has have VBZ 39396 847 5 been be VBN 39396 847 6 reported report VBN 39396 847 7 as as IN 39396 847 8 a a DT 39396 847 9 prey prey NN 39396 847 10 for for IN 39396 847 11 all all DT 39396 847 12 of of IN 39396 847 13 the the DT 39396 847 14 above above JJ 39396 847 15 snakes snake NNS 39396 847 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 847 17 Uhler Uhler NNP 39396 847 18 , , , 39396 847 19 _ _ NNP 39396 847 20 et et NNP 39396 847 21 al al NNP 39396 847 22 _ _ NNP 39396 847 23 , , , 39396 847 24 1939 1939 CD 39396 847 25 ) ) -RRB- 39396 847 26 . . . 39396 848 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 39396 848 2 5 5 CD 39396 848 3 . . . 39396 849 1 FREQUENCY FREQUENCY VBN 39396 849 2 OF of IN 39396 849 3 REMAINS remain NNS 39396 849 4 OF of IN 39396 849 5 VOLES VOLES NNP 39396 849 6 IN in IN 39396 849 7 SCATS SCATS NNP 39396 849 8 AND and CC 39396 849 9 PELLETS PELLETS NNP 39396 849 10 = = SYM 39396 849 11 = = SYM 39396 849 12 = = SYM 39396 849 13 = = SYM 39396 849 14 = = SYM 39396 849 15 = = SYM 39396 849 16 = = SYM 39396 849 17 = = SYM 39396 849 18 = = SYM 39396 849 19 = = SYM 39396 849 20 = = SYM 39396 849 21 = = SYM 39396 849 22 = = SYM 39396 849 23 = = SYM 39396 849 24 = = SYM 39396 849 25 = = SYM 39396 849 26 = = SYM 39396 849 27 = = SYM 39396 849 28 = = SYM 39396 849 29 = = SYM 39396 849 30 = = SYM 39396 849 31 = = SYM 39396 849 32 = = SYM 39396 849 33 = = SYM 39396 849 34 = = SYM 39396 849 35 = = SYM 39396 849 36 = = SYM 39396 849 37 = = SYM 39396 849 38 = = SYM 39396 849 39 = = SYM 39396 849 40 = = SYM 39396 849 41 = = SYM 39396 849 42 = = SYM 39396 849 43 = = SYM 39396 849 44 = = SYM 39396 849 45 = = SYM 39396 849 46 = = SYM 39396 849 47 = = SYM 39396 849 48 = = SYM 39396 849 49 = = SYM 39396 849 50 = = SYM 39396 849 51 = = SYM 39396 849 52 = = SYM 39396 849 53 = = SYM 39396 849 54 = = SYM 39396 849 55 = = SYM 39396 849 56 = = SYM 39396 849 57 = = SYM 39396 849 58 = = SYM 39396 849 59 = = SYM 39396 849 60 = = SYM 39396 849 61 = = SYM 39396 849 62 = = SYM 39396 849 63 = = SYM 39396 849 64 = = SYM 39396 849 65 = = SYM 39396 849 66 = = SYM 39396 849 67 = = SYM 39396 849 68 = = SYM 39396 849 69 = = SYM 39396 849 70 = = SYM 39396 849 71 = = SYM 39396 849 72 = = SYM 39396 849 73 = = SYM 39396 849 74 = = SYM 39396 849 75 = = SYM 39396 849 76 = = SYM 39396 849 77 = = SYM 39396 849 78 = = SYM 39396 849 79 = = SYM 39396 849 80 = = SYM 39396 849 81 = = NFP 39396 849 82 = = NFP 39396 849 83 No no UH 39396 849 84 . . . 39396 850 1 of of IN 39396 850 2 scats scat NNS 39396 850 3 or or CC 39396 850 4 No no UH 39396 850 5 . . . 39396 851 1 containing contain VBG 39396 851 2 Predator Predator NNP 39396 851 3 pellets pellet NNS 39396 851 4 examined examine VBD 39396 851 5 remains remain NNS 39396 851 6 of of IN 39396 851 7 voles vole NNS 39396 851 8 Percentage Percentage NNP 39396 851 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 851 10 Copperhead Copperhead NNP 39396 851 11 25 25 CD 39396 851 12 7 7 CD 39396 851 13 28 28 CD 39396 851 14 Red Red NNP 39396 851 15 - - HYPH 39396 851 16 tailed tailed JJ 39396 851 17 hawk hawk NNP 39396 851 18 25 25 CD 39396 851 19 3 3 CD 39396 851 20 12 12 CD 39396 851 21 Long long RB 39396 851 22 - - HYPH 39396 851 23 eared eared JJ 39396 851 24 owl owl NN 39396 851 25 25 25 CD 39396 851 26 18 18 CD 39396 851 27 72 72 CD 39396 851 28 Great great JJ 39396 851 29 horned horned JJ 39396 851 30 owl owl NNP 39396 851 31 32 32 CD 39396 851 32 6 6 CD 39396 851 33 19 19 CD 39396 851 34 Crow crow NN 39396 851 35 25 25 CD 39396 851 36 4 4 CD 39396 851 37 16 16 CD 39396 851 38 Coyote Coyote NNP 39396 851 39 25 25 CD 39396 851 40 3 3 CD 39396 851 41 12 12 CD 39396 851 42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 39396 851 43 The the DT 39396 851 44 red red JJ 39396 851 45 - - HYPH 39396 851 46 tailed tailed JJ 39396 851 47 hawk hawk NN 39396 851 48 ( ( -LRB- 39396 851 49 _ _ NNP 39396 851 50 Buteo Buteo NNP 39396 851 51 jamaicensis jamaicensis NN 39396 851 52 _ _ NNP 39396 851 53 ) ) -RRB- 39396 851 54 , , , 39396 851 55 the the DT 39396 851 56 long long RB 39396 851 57 - - HYPH 39396 851 58 eared eared JJ 39396 851 59 owl owl NN 39396 851 60 ( ( -LRB- 39396 851 61 _ _ NNP 39396 851 62 Asio Asio NNP 39396 851 63 otus otus NN 39396 851 64 _ _ NNP 39396 851 65 ) ) -RRB- 39396 851 66 , , , 39396 851 67 the the DT 39396 851 68 great great JJ 39396 851 69 horned horned JJ 39396 851 70 owl owl NN 39396 851 71 ( ( -LRB- 39396 851 72 _ _ NNP 39396 851 73 Bubo Bubo NNP 39396 851 74 virginianus virginianus NN 39396 851 75 _ _ NNP 39396 851 76 ) ) -RRB- 39396 851 77 and and CC 39396 851 78 the the DT 39396 851 79 crow crow NN 39396 851 80 ( ( -LRB- 39396 851 81 _ _ NNP 39396 851 82 Corvus Corvus NNP 39396 851 83 brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos NN 39396 851 84 _ _ NNP 39396 851 85 ) ) -RRB- 39396 851 86 fed fed NNP 39396 851 87 on on IN 39396 851 88 _ _ NNP 39396 851 89 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 851 90 _ _ NNP 39396 851 91 . . . 39396 852 1 All all DT 39396 852 2 four four CD 39396 852 3 birds bird NNS 39396 852 4 were be VBD 39396 852 5 fairly fairly RB 39396 852 6 common common JJ 39396 852 7 permanent permanent JJ 39396 852 8 residents resident NNS 39396 852 9 on on IN 39396 852 10 the the DT 39396 852 11 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 852 12 ( ( -LRB- 39396 852 13 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 852 14 , , , 39396 852 15 1952:25 1952:25 CD 39396 852 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 852 17 . . . 39396 853 1 The the DT 39396 853 2 low low JJ 39396 853 3 density density NN 39396 853 4 and and CC 39396 853 5 the the DT 39396 853 6 strict strict JJ 39396 853 7 territoriality territoriality NN 39396 853 8 of of IN 39396 853 9 the the DT 39396 853 10 red red JJ 39396 853 11 - - HYPH 39396 853 12 tailed tailed JJ 39396 853 13 hawk hawk NN 39396 853 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 853 15 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 853 16 , , , 39396 853 17 _ _ NNP 39396 853 18 et et NNP 39396 853 19 al al NNP 39396 853 20 _ _ NNP 39396 853 21 , , , 39396 853 22 1946:207 1946:207 CD 39396 853 23 ) ) -RRB- 39396 853 24 prevented prevent VBD 39396 853 25 it -PRON- PRP 39396 853 26 from from IN 39396 853 27 exerting exert VBG 39396 853 28 any any DT 39396 853 29 important important JJ 39396 853 30 influence influence NN 39396 853 31 on on IN 39396 853 32 the the DT 39396 853 33 population population NN 39396 853 34 of of IN 39396 853 35 voles vole NNS 39396 853 36 , , , 39396 853 37 even even RB 39396 853 38 though though IN 39396 853 39 individual individual JJ 39396 853 40 red red JJ 39396 853 41 - - HYPH 39396 853 42 tailed tailed JJ 39396 853 43 hawks hawk NNS 39396 853 44 ate eat VBD 39396 853 45 many many JJ 39396 853 46 voles vole NNS 39396 853 47 . . . 39396 854 1 Predation predation NN 39396 854 2 by by IN 39396 854 3 the the DT 39396 854 4 long long RB 39396 854 5 - - HYPH 39396 854 6 eared eared JJ 39396 854 7 owl owl NN 39396 854 8 was be VBD 39396 854 9 especially especially RB 39396 854 10 heavy heavy JJ 39396 854 11 ; ; : 39396 854 12 remains remain NNS 39396 854 13 of of IN 39396 854 14 voles vole NNS 39396 854 15 were be VBD 39396 854 16 identified identify VBN 39396 854 17 in in IN 39396 854 18 72 72 CD 39396 854 19 per per NN 39396 854 20 cent cent NN 39396 854 21 of of IN 39396 854 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 854 23 pellets pellet NNS 39396 854 24 examined examine VBD 39396 854 25 . . . 39396 855 1 Korschgen Korschgen NNP 39396 855 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 855 3 1952:39 1952:39 CD 39396 855 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 855 5 found find VBD 39396 855 6 remains remain NNS 39396 855 7 of of IN 39396 855 8 voles vole NNS 39396 855 9 in in IN 39396 855 10 70 70 CD 39396 855 11 per per IN 39396 855 12 cent cent NN 39396 855 13 of of IN 39396 855 14 704 704 CD 39396 855 15 pellets pellet NNS 39396 855 16 of of IN 39396 855 17 the the DT 39396 855 18 long long RB 39396 855 19 - - HYPH 39396 855 20 eared eared JJ 39396 855 21 owl owl NN 39396 855 22 . . . 39396 856 1 The the DT 39396 856 2 reason reason NN 39396 856 3 for for IN 39396 856 4 the the DT 39396 856 5 heavy heavy JJ 39396 856 6 diet diet NN 39396 856 7 of of IN 39396 856 8 _ _ NNP 39396 856 9 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 856 10 _ _ NNP 39396 856 11 seems seem VBZ 39396 856 12 to to TO 39396 856 13 be be VB 39396 856 14 that that IN 39396 856 15 both both CC 39396 856 16 the the DT 39396 856 17 owl owl NN 39396 856 18 and and CC 39396 856 19 the the DT 39396 856 20 vole vole NNP 39396 856 21 are be VBP 39396 856 22 especially especially RB 39396 856 23 active active JJ 39396 856 24 at at IN 39396 856 25 dusk dusk NN 39396 856 26 . . . 39396 857 1 A a DT 39396 857 2 group group NN 39396 857 3 of of IN 39396 857 4 long long RB 39396 857 5 - - HYPH 39396 857 6 eared eared JJ 39396 857 7 owls owl NNS 39396 857 8 , , , 39396 857 9 living live VBG 39396 857 10 near near IN 39396 857 11 the the DT 39396 857 12 edge edge NN 39396 857 13 of of IN 39396 857 14 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 857 15 Field Field NNP 39396 857 16 , , , 39396 857 17 probably probably RB 39396 857 18 exerted exert VBD 39396 857 19 an an DT 39396 857 20 influence influence NN 39396 857 21 on on IN 39396 857 22 the the DT 39396 857 23 density density NN 39396 857 24 of of IN 39396 857 25 the the DT 39396 857 26 local local JJ 39396 857 27 population population NN 39396 857 28 of of IN 39396 857 29 voles vole NNS 39396 857 30 because because IN 39396 857 31 of of IN 39396 857 32 the the DT 39396 857 33 high high JJ 39396 857 34 ratio ratio NN 39396 857 35 of of IN 39396 857 36 predator predator NN 39396 857 37 to to TO 39396 857 38 prey prey VB 39396 857 39 animals animal NNS 39396 857 40 . . . 39396 858 1 The the DT 39396 858 2 crows crow NNS 39396 858 3 ate eat VBD 39396 858 4 some some DT 39396 858 5 , , , 39396 858 6 and and CC 39396 858 7 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 858 8 most most JJS 39396 858 9 , , , 39396 858 10 of of IN 39396 858 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 858 12 voles vole NNS 39396 858 13 after after IN 39396 858 14 the the DT 39396 858 15 animals animal NNS 39396 858 16 had have VBD 39396 858 17 died die VBN 39396 858 18 from from IN 39396 858 19 other other JJ 39396 858 20 causes cause NNS 39396 858 21 . . . 39396 859 1 Other other JJ 39396 859 2 birds bird NNS 39396 859 3 , , , 39396 859 4 mostly mostly RB 39396 859 5 raptors raptor NNS 39396 859 6 , , , 39396 859 7 occurring occur VBG 39396 859 8 in in IN 39396 859 9 northeastern northeastern JJ 39396 859 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 859 11 and and CC 39396 859 12 reported report VBN 39396 859 13 to to TO 39396 859 14 prey prey VB 39396 859 15 on on IN 39396 859 16 voles vole NNS 39396 859 17 include include VBP 39396 859 18 the the DT 39396 859 19 sharp sharp JJ 39396 859 20 - - HYPH 39396 859 21 shinned shinned JJ 39396 859 22 hawk hawk NN 39396 859 23 ( ( -LRB- 39396 859 24 _ _ NNP 39396 859 25 Accipiter Accipiter NNP 39396 859 26 striatus striatus NN 39396 859 27 _ _ NNP 39396 859 28 ) ) -RRB- 39396 859 29 , , , 39396 859 30 Cooper Cooper NNP 39396 859 31 's 's POS 39396 859 32 hawk hawk NN 39396 859 33 ( ( -LRB- 39396 859 34 _ _ NNP 39396 859 35 A. A. NNP 39396 860 1 cooperi cooperi NNP 39396 860 2 _ _ NNP 39396 860 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 860 4 , , , 39396 860 5 red red JJ 39396 860 6 - - HYPH 39396 860 7 shouldered shouldered JJ 39396 860 8 hawk hawk NN 39396 860 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 860 10 _ _ NNP 39396 860 11 Buteo Buteo NNP 39396 860 12 lineatus lineatus NN 39396 860 13 _ _ NNP 39396 860 14 ) ) -RRB- 39396 860 15 , , , 39396 860 16 broad broad RB 39396 860 17 - - HYPH 39396 860 18 winged winged JJ 39396 860 19 hawk hawk NN 39396 860 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 860 21 _ _ NNP 39396 860 22 B. B. NNP 39396 861 1 platypterus platypterus NNP 39396 861 2 _ _ NNP 39396 861 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 861 4 , , , 39396 861 5 American american JJ 39396 861 6 rough rough JJ 39396 861 7 - - HYPH 39396 861 8 legged legged JJ 39396 861 9 hawk hawk NN 39396 861 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 861 11 _ _ NNP 39396 861 12 B. B. NNP 39396 862 1 lagopus lagopus NNP 39396 862 2 _ _ NNP 39396 862 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 862 4 , , , 39396 862 5 ferruginous ferruginous JJ 39396 862 6 rough rough JJ 39396 862 7 - - HYPH 39396 862 8 legged legged JJ 39396 862 9 hawk hawk NN 39396 862 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 862 11 _ _ NNP 39396 862 12 B. B. NNP 39396 863 1 regalis regalis NNP 39396 863 2 _ _ NNP 39396 863 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 4 , , , 39396 863 5 marsh marsh NNP 39396 863 6 hawk hawk NNP 39396 863 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 863 8 _ _ NNP 39396 863 9 Circus Circus NNP 39396 863 10 cyaneus cyaneus NN 39396 863 11 _ _ NNP 39396 863 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 13 , , , 39396 863 14 barn barn NN 39396 863 15 owl owl NNP 39396 863 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 863 17 _ _ NNP 39396 863 18 Tyto Tyto NNP 39396 863 19 alba alba VBZ 39396 863 20 _ _ NNP 39396 863 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 22 , , , 39396 863 23 screech screech NN 39396 863 24 owl owl NN 39396 863 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 863 26 _ _ NNP 39396 863 27 Otus Otus NNP 39396 863 28 asio asio NN 39396 863 29 _ _ NNP 39396 863 30 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 31 , , , 39396 863 32 barred bar VBD 39396 863 33 owl owl NN 39396 863 34 ( ( -LRB- 39396 863 35 _ _ NNP 39396 863 36 Strix Strix NNP 39396 863 37 varia varia NNP 39396 863 38 _ _ NNP 39396 863 39 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 40 and and CC 39396 863 41 shrike shrike JJ 39396 863 42 ( ( -LRB- 39396 863 43 _ _ NNP 39396 863 44 Lanius Lanius NNP 39396 863 45 excubitor excubitor NN 39396 863 46 _ _ NNP 39396 863 47 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 48 ( ( -LRB- 39396 863 49 Korschgen Korschgen NNP 39396 863 50 , , , 39396 863 51 1952:26 1952:26 CD 39396 863 52 ; ; : 39396 863 53 28 28 CD 39396 863 54 ; ; : 39396 863 55 34 34 CD 39396 863 56 ; ; : 39396 863 57 35 35 CD 39396 863 58 ; ; SYM 39396 863 59 37 37 CD 39396 863 60 ; ; : 39396 863 61 McAtee McAtee NNP 39396 863 62 , , , 39396 863 63 1935:9 1935:9 CD 39396 863 64 - - SYM 39396 863 65 27 27 CD 39396 863 66 ; ; : 39396 863 67 Wooster Wooster NNP 39396 863 68 , , , 39396 863 69 1936:396 1936:396 CD 39396 863 70 ) ) -RRB- 39396 863 71 . . . 39396 864 1 Coyotes Coyotes NNP 39396 864 2 , , , 39396 864 3 house house NN 39396 864 4 cats cat NNS 39396 864 5 and and CC 39396 864 6 raccoons raccoon NNS 39396 864 7 were be VBD 39396 864 8 identified identify VBN 39396 864 9 as as IN 39396 864 10 predators predator NNS 39396 864 11 on on IN 39396 864 12 voles vole NNS 39396 864 13 in in IN 39396 864 14 the the DT 39396 864 15 study study NN 39396 864 16 areas area NNS 39396 864 17 . . . 39396 865 1 Remains remain NNS 39396 865 2 of of IN 39396 865 3 voles vole NNS 39396 865 4 were be VBD 39396 865 5 present present JJ 39396 865 6 in in IN 39396 865 7 12 12 CD 39396 865 8 per per NN 39396 865 9 cent cent NN 39396 865 10 of of IN 39396 865 11 the the DT 39396 865 12 scats scat NNS 39396 865 13 of of IN 39396 865 14 the the DT 39396 865 15 coyote coyote NN 39396 865 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 865 17 _ _ NNP 39396 865 18 Canis Canis NNP 39396 865 19 latrans latran NNS 39396 865 20 _ _ NNP 39396 865 21 ) ) -RRB- 39396 865 22 examined examine VBD 39396 865 23 . . . 39396 866 1 In in IN 39396 866 2 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 866 3 , , , 39396 866 4 Korschgen Korschgen NNP 39396 866 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 866 6 1952:40 1952:40 CD 39396 866 7 - - SYM 39396 866 8 43 43 CD 39396 866 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 866 10 reported report VBD 39396 866 11 remains remain NNS 39396 866 12 of of IN 39396 866 13 voles vole NNS 39396 866 14 in in IN 39396 866 15 slightly slightly RB 39396 866 16 more more JJR 39396 866 17 than than IN 39396 866 18 20 20 CD 39396 866 19 per per NN 39396 866 20 cent cent NN 39396 866 21 of of IN 39396 866 22 the the DT 39396 866 23 coyote coyote NN 39396 866 24 stomachs stomach NNS 39396 866 25 that that WDT 39396 866 26 he -PRON- PRP 39396 866 27 examined examine VBD 39396 866 28 . . . 39396 867 1 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 867 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 867 3 1948:74 1948:74 CD 39396 867 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 867 5 , , , 39396 867 6 Hatt Hatt NNP 39396 867 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 867 8 1930:559 1930:559 CD 39396 867 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 867 10 and and CC 39396 867 11 others other NNS 39396 867 12 have have VBP 39396 867 13 reported report VBN 39396 867 14 other other JJ 39396 867 15 species specie NNS 39396 867 16 of of IN 39396 867 17 _ _ NNP 39396 867 18 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 867 19 _ _ NNP 39396 867 20 as as IN 39396 867 21 eaten eat VBN 39396 867 22 by by IN 39396 867 23 the the DT 39396 867 24 coyote coyote NN 39396 867 25 . . . 39396 868 1 Although although IN 39396 868 2 coyotes coyote NNS 39396 868 3 were be VBD 39396 868 4 rarely rarely RB 39396 868 5 seen see VBN 39396 868 6 on on IN 39396 868 7 the the DT 39396 868 8 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 868 9 , , , 39396 868 10 coyote coyote NN 39396 868 11 sign sign NN 39396 868 12 was be VBD 39396 868 13 abundant abundant JJ 39396 868 14 ( ( -LRB- 39396 868 15 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 868 16 , , , 39396 868 17 1952:29 1952:29 CD 39396 868 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 868 19 and and CC 39396 868 20 coyotes coyote NNS 39396 868 21 probably probably RB 39396 868 22 ate eat VBD 39396 868 23 large large JJ 39396 868 24 numbers number NNS 39396 868 25 of of IN 39396 868 26 voles vole NNS 39396 868 27 . . . 39396 869 1 House House NNP 39396 869 2 cats cat NNS 39396 869 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 869 4 _ _ NNP 39396 869 5 Felis Felis NNP 39396 869 6 domesticus domesticus NN 39396 869 7 _ _ NNP 39396 869 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 869 9 , , , 39396 869 10 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 869 11 feral feral JJ 39396 869 12 , , , 39396 869 13 were be VBD 39396 869 14 observed observe VBN 39396 869 15 to to TO 39396 869 16 tour tour VB 39396 869 17 the the DT 39396 869 18 trap trap NN 39396 869 19 lines line NNS 39396 869 20 on on IN 39396 869 21 several several JJ 39396 869 22 occasions occasion NNS 39396 869 23 and and CC 39396 869 24 were be VBD 39396 869 25 noted note VBN 39396 869 26 by by IN 39396 869 27 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 869 28 ( ( -LRB- 39396 869 29 _ _ NNP 39396 869 30 loc loc NN 39396 869 31 . . . 39396 870 1 cit cit NNP 39396 870 2 . . . 39396 870 3 _ _ NNP 39396 870 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 870 5 as as IN 39396 870 6 important important JJ 39396 870 7 predators predator NNS 39396 870 8 on on IN 39396 870 9 small small JJ 39396 870 10 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 39396 870 11 . . . 39396 871 1 Four four CD 39396 871 2 cats cat NNS 39396 871 3 were be VBD 39396 871 4 killed kill VBN 39396 871 5 in in IN 39396 871 6 the the DT 39396 871 7 course course NN 39396 871 8 of of IN 39396 871 9 the the DT 39396 871 10 study study NN 39396 871 11 and and CC 39396 871 12 remains remain VBZ 39396 871 13 of of IN 39396 871 14 voles vole NNS 39396 871 15 were be VBD 39396 871 16 found find VBN 39396 871 17 in in IN 39396 871 18 the the DT 39396 871 19 stomachs stomach NNS 39396 871 20 of of IN 39396 871 21 all all DT 39396 871 22 of of IN 39396 871 23 them -PRON- PRP 39396 871 24 . . . 39396 872 1 On on IN 39396 872 2 several several JJ 39396 872 3 occasions occasion NNS 39396 872 4 , , , 39396 872 5 raccoon raccoon NN 39396 872 6 tracks track NNS 39396 872 7 were be VBD 39396 872 8 noted note VBN 39396 872 9 following follow VBG 39396 872 10 the the DT 39396 872 11 trap trap NN 39396 872 12 line line NN 39396 872 13 when when WRB 39396 872 14 the the DT 39396 872 15 traps trap NNS 39396 872 16 had have VBD 39396 872 17 been be VBN 39396 872 18 overturned overturn VBN 39396 872 19 and and CC 39396 872 20 broken break VBN 39396 872 21 open open JJ 39396 872 22 , , , 39396 872 23 suggesting suggest VBG 39396 872 24 that that IN 39396 872 25 raccoons raccoon NNS 39396 872 26 are be VBP 39396 872 27 not not RB 39396 872 28 averse averse JJ 39396 872 29 to to IN 39396 872 30 eating eat VBG 39396 872 31 voles vole NNS 39396 872 32 although although IN 39396 872 33 no no DT 39396 872 34 further further JJ 39396 872 35 evidence evidence NN 39396 872 36 of of IN 39396 872 37 predation predation NN 39396 872 38 on on IN 39396 872 39 voles vole NNS 39396 872 40 by by IN 39396 872 41 raccoons raccoon NNS 39396 872 42 was be VBD 39396 872 43 obtained obtain VBN 39396 872 44 . . . 39396 873 1 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 873 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 873 3 _ _ NNP 39396 873 4 loc loc NN 39396 873 5 . . . 39396 874 1 cit cit NNP 39396 874 2 . . . 39396 874 3 _ _ NNP 39396 874 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 874 5 reported report VBD 39396 874 6 raccoons raccoon NNS 39396 874 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 874 8 _ _ NNP 39396 874 9 Procyon Procyon NNP 39396 874 10 lotor lotor NN 39396 874 11 _ _ NNP 39396 874 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 874 13 to to TO 39396 874 14 be be VB 39396 874 15 moderately moderately RB 39396 874 16 common common JJ 39396 874 17 on on IN 39396 874 18 the the DT 39396 874 19 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 874 20 . . . 39396 875 1 Reports report NNS 39396 875 2 of of IN 39396 875 3 predation predation NN 39396 875 4 by by IN 39396 875 5 raccoons raccoon NNS 39396 875 6 on on IN 39396 875 7 voles vole NNS 39396 875 8 are be VBP 39396 875 9 numerous numerous JJ 39396 875 10 ( ( -LRB- 39396 875 11 Hatt hatt NN 39396 875 12 , , , 39396 875 13 1930:554 1930:554 CD 39396 875 14 ; ; : 39396 875 15 Lantz Lantz NNP 39396 875 16 , , , 39396 875 17 1907:41 1907:41 CD 39396 875 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 875 19 . . . 39396 876 1 The the DT 39396 876 2 opossum opossum NN 39396 876 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 876 4 _ _ NNP 39396 876 5 Didelphis Didelphis NNP 39396 876 6 marsupialis marsupialis NN 39396 876 7 _ _ NNP 39396 876 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 876 9 , , , 39396 876 10 common common JJ 39396 876 11 on on IN 39396 876 12 the the DT 39396 876 13 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 876 14 , , , 39396 876 15 occasionally occasionally RB 39396 876 16 eats eat VBZ 39396 876 17 voles vole NNS 39396 876 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 876 19 Sandidge Sandidge NNP 39396 876 20 , , , 39396 876 21 1953:99 1953:99 CD 39396 876 22 - - SYM 39396 876 23 101 101 CD 39396 876 24 ) ) -RRB- 39396 876 25 . . . 39396 877 1 Other other JJ 39396 877 2 mammals mammal NNS 39396 877 3 which which WDT 39396 877 4 are be VBP 39396 877 5 probably probably RB 39396 877 6 important important JJ 39396 877 7 predators predator NNS 39396 877 8 on on IN 39396 877 9 voles vole NNS 39396 877 10 on on IN 39396 877 11 the the DT 39396 877 12 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 877 13 , , , 39396 877 14 though though IN 39396 877 15 no no DT 39396 877 16 specific specific JJ 39396 877 17 information information NN 39396 877 18 is be VBZ 39396 877 19 available available JJ 39396 877 20 , , , 39396 877 21 are be VBP 39396 877 22 the the DT 39396 877 23 striped stripe VBN 39396 877 24 skunk skunk NN 39396 877 25 ( ( -LRB- 39396 877 26 _ _ NNP 39396 877 27 Mephitis Mephitis NNP 39396 877 28 mephitis mephitis NN 39396 877 29 _ _ NNP 39396 877 30 ) ) -RRB- 39396 877 31 , , , 39396 877 32 spotted spot VBN 39396 877 33 skunk skunk NN 39396 877 34 ( ( -LRB- 39396 877 35 _ _ NNP 39396 877 36 Spilogale Spilogale NNP 39396 877 37 putorius putorius NN 39396 877 38 _ _ NNP 39396 877 39 ) ) -RRB- 39396 877 40 , , , 39396 877 41 weasel weasel NNP 39396 877 42 ( ( -LRB- 39396 877 43 _ _ NNP 39396 877 44 Mustela Mustela NNP 39396 877 45 frenata frenata NN 39396 877 46 _ _ NNP 39396 877 47 ) ) -RRB- 39396 877 48 and and CC 39396 877 49 the the DT 39396 877 50 red red NNP 39396 877 51 fox fox NNP 39396 877 52 ( ( -LRB- 39396 877 53 _ _ NNP 39396 877 54 Vulpes Vulpes NNP 39396 877 55 fulva fulva NN 39396 877 56 _ _ NNP 39396 877 57 ) ) -RRB- 39396 877 58 . . . 39396 878 1 Eadie Eadie NNP 39396 878 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 878 3 1944 1944 CD 39396 878 4 ; ; : 39396 878 5 1948 1948 CD 39396 878 6 ; ; : 39396 878 7 1952 1952 CD 39396 878 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 878 9 , , , 39396 878 10 Shapiro Shapiro NNP 39396 878 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 878 12 1950:360 1950:360 CD 39396 878 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 878 14 and and CC 39396 878 15 others other NNS 39396 878 16 have have VBP 39396 878 17 reported report VBN 39396 878 18 that that IN 39396 878 19 the the DT 39396 878 20 short short RB 39396 878 21 - - HYPH 39396 878 22 tailed tailed JJ 39396 878 23 shrew shrew NN 39396 878 24 ( ( -LRB- 39396 878 25 _ _ NNP 39396 878 26 Blarina Blarina NNP 39396 878 27 brevicauda brevicauda NN 39396 878 28 _ _ NNP 39396 878 29 ) ) -RRB- 39396 878 30 was be VBD 39396 878 31 an an DT 39396 878 32 important important JJ 39396 878 33 predator predator NN 39396 878 34 on on IN 39396 878 35 _ _ NNP 39396 878 36 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 878 37 _ _ NNP 39396 878 38 . . . 39396 879 1 Shrews shrew NNS 39396 879 2 were be VBD 39396 879 3 present present JJ 39396 879 4 on on IN 39396 879 5 the the DT 39396 879 6 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 879 7 but but CC 39396 879 8 were be VBD 39396 879 9 not not RB 39396 879 10 trapped trap VBN 39396 879 11 often often RB 39396 879 12 enough enough RB 39396 879 13 to to TO 39396 879 14 permit permit VB 39396 879 15 study study NN 39396 879 16 . . . 39396 880 1 The the DT 39396 880 2 variety variety NN 39396 880 3 of of IN 39396 880 4 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 39396 880 5 preying prey VBG 39396 880 6 on on IN 39396 880 7 voles vole NNS 39396 880 8 suggests suggest VBZ 39396 880 9 that that IN 39396 880 10 they -PRON- PRP 39396 880 11 occupy occupy VBP 39396 880 12 a a DT 39396 880 13 position position NN 39396 880 14 of of IN 39396 880 15 importance importance NN 39396 880 16 in in IN 39396 880 17 many many JJ 39396 880 18 food food NN 39396 880 19 chains chain NNS 39396 880 20 . . . 39396 881 1 Errington Errington NNP 39396 881 2 ( ( -LRB- 39396 881 3 1935:199 1935:199 CD 39396 881 4 ) ) -RRB- 39396 881 5 and and CC 39396 881 6 McAtee McAtee NNP 39396 881 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 881 8 1935:4 1935:4 CD 39396 881 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 881 10 refer refer VBP 39396 881 11 to to IN 39396 881 12 voles vole NNS 39396 881 13 as as IN 39396 881 14 staple staple JJ 39396 881 15 items item NNS 39396 881 16 of of IN 39396 881 17 prey prey NN 39396 881 18 for for IN 39396 881 19 all all DT 39396 881 20 classes class NNS 39396 881 21 of of IN 39396 881 22 predatory predatory NN 39396 881 23 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 39396 881 24 . . . 39396 882 1 An an DT 39396 882 2 attempt attempt NN 39396 882 3 to to TO 39396 882 4 evaluate evaluate VB 39396 882 5 prey prey NN 39396 882 6 species specie NNS 39396 882 7 was be VBD 39396 882 8 made make VBN 39396 882 9 by by IN 39396 882 10 Wooster Wooster NNP 39396 882 11 ( ( -LRB- 39396 882 12 1939 1939 CD 39396 882 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 882 14 . . . 39396 883 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 883 2 proposed propose VBD 39396 883 3 a a DT 39396 883 4 formula formula NN 39396 883 5 which which WDT 39396 883 6 involved involve VBD 39396 883 7 multiplying multiply VBG 39396 883 8 the the DT 39396 883 9 density density NN 39396 883 10 of of IN 39396 883 11 a a DT 39396 883 12 species species NN 39396 883 13 , , , 39396 883 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 883 15 mean mean JJ 39396 883 16 individual individual JJ 39396 883 17 weight weight NN 39396 883 18 , , , 39396 883 19 the the DT 39396 883 20 fraction fraction NN 39396 883 21 of of IN 39396 883 22 the the DT 39396 883 23 day day NN 39396 883 24 it -PRON- PRP 39396 883 25 was be VBD 39396 883 26 active active JJ 39396 883 27 and and CC 39396 883 28 the the DT 39396 883 29 fraction fraction NN 39396 883 30 of of IN 39396 883 31 the the DT 39396 883 32 year year NN 39396 883 33 it -PRON- PRP 39396 883 34 was be VBD 39396 883 35 active active JJ 39396 883 36 to to TO 39396 883 37 give give VB 39396 883 38 a a DT 39396 883 39 numerical numerical JJ 39396 883 40 index index NN 39396 883 41 of of IN 39396 883 42 prey prey NN 39396 883 43 value value NN 39396 883 44 . . . 39396 884 1 Although although IN 39396 884 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 884 3 methods method NNS 39396 884 4 of of IN 39396 884 5 determining determine VBG 39396 884 6 population population NN 39396 884 7 densities density NNS 39396 884 8 would would MD 39396 884 9 now now RB 39396 884 10 be be VB 39396 884 11 considered consider VBN 39396 884 12 questionable questionable JJ 39396 884 13 , , , 39396 884 14 the the DT 39396 884 15 purpose purpose NN 39396 884 16 of of IN 39396 884 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 884 18 investigation investigation NN 39396 884 19 merits merit NNS 39396 884 20 further further JJ 39396 884 21 consideration consideration NN 39396 884 22 . . . 39396 885 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 885 2 reported report VBD 39396 885 3 _ _ NNP 39396 885 4 M. M. NNP 39396 886 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 886 2 _ _ NNP 39396 886 3 to to TO 39396 886 4 be be VB 39396 886 5 second second JJ 39396 886 6 only only RB 39396 886 7 to to IN 39396 886 8 the the DT 39396 886 9 jack jack NN 39396 886 10 - - HYPH 39396 886 11 rabbit rabbit NN 39396 886 12 ( ( -LRB- 39396 886 13 _ _ NNP 39396 886 14 Lepus Lepus NNP 39396 886 15 californicus californicus NN 39396 886 16 _ _ NNP 39396 886 17 ) ) -RRB- 39396 886 18 as as IN 39396 886 19 a a DT 39396 886 20 prey prey NN 39396 886 21 species specie NNS 39396 886 22 in in IN 39396 886 23 west west JJ 39396 886 24 - - HYPH 39396 886 25 central central JJ 39396 886 26 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 886 27 . . . 39396 887 1 MAMMALIAN MAMMALIAN NNP 39396 887 2 ASSOCIATES ASSOCIATES NNP 39396 887 3 In in IN 39396 887 4 the the DT 39396 887 5 course course NN 39396 887 6 of of IN 39396 887 7 live live RB 39396 887 8 - - HYPH 39396 887 9 trapping trap VBG 39396 887 10 operations operation NNS 39396 887 11 several several JJ 39396 887 12 species specie NNS 39396 887 13 of of IN 39396 887 14 small small JJ 39396 887 15 mammals mammal NNS 39396 887 16 other other JJ 39396 887 17 than than IN 39396 887 18 _ _ NNP 39396 887 19 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 887 20 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 887 21 _ _ NNP 39396 887 22 were be VBD 39396 887 23 taken take VBN 39396 887 24 in in IN 39396 887 25 the the DT 39396 887 26 traps trap NNS 39396 887 27 . . . 39396 888 1 Also also RB 39396 888 2 , , , 39396 888 3 from from IN 39396 888 4 time time NN 39396 888 5 to to IN 39396 888 6 time time NN 39396 888 7 , , , 39396 888 8 direct direct JJ 39396 888 9 observations observation NNS 39396 888 10 of of IN 39396 888 11 certain certain JJ 39396 888 12 mammals mammal NNS 39396 888 13 were be VBD 39396 888 14 made make VBN 39396 888 15 and and CC 39396 888 16 various various JJ 39396 888 17 types type NNS 39396 888 18 of of IN 39396 888 19 sign sign NN 39396 888 20 of of IN 39396 888 21 larger large JJR 39396 888 22 mammals mammal NNS 39396 888 23 were be VBD 39396 888 24 noted note VBN 39396 888 25 . . . 39396 889 1 These these DT 39396 889 2 records record NNS 39396 889 3 gave give VBD 39396 889 4 a a DT 39396 889 5 picture picture NN 39396 889 6 of of IN 39396 889 7 the the DT 39396 889 8 mammalian mammalian JJ 39396 889 9 community community NN 39396 889 10 of of IN 39396 889 11 which which WDT 39396 889 12 the the DT 39396 889 13 voles vole NNS 39396 889 14 were be VBD 39396 889 15 a a DT 39396 889 16 part part NN 39396 889 17 . . . 39396 890 1 The the DT 39396 890 2 three three CD 39396 890 3 associated associated JJ 39396 890 4 species specie NNS 39396 890 5 which which WDT 39396 890 6 were be VBD 39396 890 7 most most RBS 39396 890 8 commonly commonly RB 39396 890 9 trapped trap VBN 39396 890 10 were be VBD 39396 890 11 _ _ NNP 39396 890 12 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 890 13 hispidus hispidus NN 39396 890 14 _ _ NNP 39396 890 15 , , , 39396 890 16 _ _ NNP 39396 890 17 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 39396 890 18 megalotis megalotis JJ 39396 890 19 _ _ NNP 39396 890 20 and and CC 39396 890 21 _ _ NNP 39396 890 22 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 39396 890 23 leucopus leucopus NNP 39396 890 24 _ _ NNP 39396 890 25 . . . 39396 891 1 These these DT 39396 891 2 three three CD 39396 891 3 species specie NNS 39396 891 4 have have VBP 39396 891 5 been be VBN 39396 891 6 commonly commonly RB 39396 891 7 found find VBN 39396 891 8 associated associate VBN 39396 891 9 with with IN 39396 891 10 _ _ NNP 39396 891 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 891 12 _ _ NNP 39396 891 13 in in IN 39396 891 14 this this DT 39396 891 15 part part NN 39396 891 16 of of IN 39396 891 17 the the DT 39396 891 18 country country NN 39396 891 19 ( ( -LRB- 39396 891 20 Fisher Fisher NNP 39396 891 21 , , , 39396 891 22 1945:435 1945:435 CD 39396 891 23 ; ; : 39396 891 24 Jameson Jameson NNP 39396 891 25 , , , 39396 891 26 1947:137 1947:137 CD 39396 891 27 ) ) -RRB- 39396 891 28 . . . 39396 892 1 The the DT 39396 892 2 Texas Texas NNP 39396 892 3 cotton cotton NN 39396 892 4 rat rat NN 39396 892 5 , , , 39396 892 6 _ _ NNP 39396 892 7 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 892 8 hispidus hispidus NN 39396 892 9 _ _ NNP 39396 892 10 , , , 39396 892 11 was be VBD 39396 892 12 the the DT 39396 892 13 most most RBS 39396 892 14 commonly commonly RB 39396 892 15 trapped trap VBN 39396 892 16 associate associate NN 39396 892 17 of of IN 39396 892 18 the the DT 39396 892 19 voles vole NNS 39396 892 20 between between IN 39396 892 21 November November NNP 39396 892 22 , , , 39396 892 23 1950 1950 CD 39396 892 24 , , , 39396 892 25 and and CC 39396 892 26 February February NNP 39396 892 27 , , , 39396 892 28 1952 1952 CD 39396 892 29 . . . 39396 893 1 Although although IN 39396 893 2 a a DT 39396 893 3 greater great JJR 39396 893 4 number number NN 39396 893 5 of of IN 39396 893 6 individuals individual NNS 39396 893 7 of of IN 39396 893 8 the the DT 39396 893 9 harvest harvest NN 39396 893 10 mouse mouse NN 39396 893 11 were be VBD 39396 893 12 taken take VBN 39396 893 13 in in IN 39396 893 14 a a DT 39396 893 15 few few JJ 39396 893 16 months month NNS 39396 893 17 , , , 39396 893 18 the the DT 39396 893 19 cotton cotton NN 39396 893 20 rat rat NN 39396 893 21 had have VBD 39396 893 22 a a DT 39396 893 23 greater great JJR 39396 893 24 ecological ecological JJ 39396 893 25 importance importance NN 39396 893 26 because because IN 39396 893 27 of of IN 39396 893 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 893 29 larger large JJR 39396 893 30 size size NN 39396 893 31 ( ( -LRB- 39396 893 32 Figs fig NNS 39396 893 33 . . . 39396 894 1 17 17 CD 39396 894 2 , , , 39396 894 3 18 18 CD 39396 894 4 , , , 39396 894 5 19 19 CD 39396 894 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 894 7 . . . 39396 895 1 The the DT 39396 895 2 cotton cotton NN 39396 895 3 rat rat NN 39396 895 4 was be VBD 39396 895 5 an an DT 39396 895 6 especially especially RB 39396 895 7 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 39396 895 8 member member NN 39396 895 9 of of IN 39396 895 10 the the DT 39396 895 11 community community NN 39396 895 12 for for IN 39396 895 13 two two CD 39396 895 14 reasons reason NNS 39396 895 15 . . . 39396 896 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 896 2 has have VBZ 39396 896 3 arrived arrive VBN 39396 896 4 in in IN 39396 896 5 northern northern JJ 39396 896 6 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 896 7 only only RB 39396 896 8 recently recently RB 39396 896 9 and and CC 39396 896 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 896 11 progressive progressive JJ 39396 896 12 range range NN 39396 896 13 extension extension NN 39396 896 14 northward northward RB 39396 896 15 and and CC 39396 896 16 westward westward NNP 39396 896 17 has have VBZ 39396 896 18 attracted attract VBN 39396 896 19 the the DT 39396 896 20 attention attention NN 39396 896 21 of of IN 39396 896 22 many many JJ 39396 896 23 mammalogists mammalogist NNS 39396 896 24 ( ( -LRB- 39396 896 25 Bailey Bailey NNP 39396 896 26 , , , 39396 896 27 1902:107 1902:107 CD 39396 896 28 ; ; : 39396 896 29 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 896 30 , , , 39396 896 31 1948 1948 CD 39396 896 32 ; ; : 39396 896 33 1952:183 1952:183 CD 39396 896 34 - - SYM 39396 896 35 187 187 CD 39396 896 36 ; ; : 39396 896 37 Rinker Rinker NNP 39396 896 38 , , , 39396 896 39 1942b 1942b CD 39396 896 40 ) ) -RRB- 39396 896 41 . . . 39396 897 1 Secondly secondly RB 39396 897 2 , , , 39396 897 3 _ _ NNP 39396 897 4 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 897 5 _ _ NNP 39396 897 6 has have VBZ 39396 897 7 long long RB 39396 897 8 been be VBN 39396 897 9 considered consider VBN 39396 897 10 to to TO 39396 897 11 be be VB 39396 897 12 almost almost RB 39396 897 13 the the DT 39396 897 14 ecological ecological JJ 39396 897 15 equivalent equivalent NN 39396 897 16 of of IN 39396 897 17 _ _ NNP 39396 897 18 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 897 19 _ _ NNP 39396 897 20 and and CC 39396 897 21 to to TO 39396 897 22 replace replace VB 39396 897 23 the the DT 39396 897 24 vole vole NNP 39396 897 25 in in IN 39396 897 26 the the DT 39396 897 27 southern southern JJ 39396 897 28 United United NNP 39396 897 29 States States NNP 39396 897 30 ( ( -LRB- 39396 897 31 Calhoun Calhoun NNP 39396 897 32 , , , 39396 897 33 1945:251 1945:251 CD 39396 897 34 ; ; : 39396 897 35 Svihla Svihla NNP 39396 897 36 , , , 39396 897 37 1929:353 1929:353 CD 39396 897 38 ) ) -RRB- 39396 897 39 . . . 39396 898 1 Since since IN 39396 898 2 the the DT 39396 898 3 two two CD 39396 898 4 species specie NNS 39396 898 5 are be VBP 39396 898 6 now now RB 39396 898 7 found find VBN 39396 898 8 together together RB 39396 898 9 over over IN 39396 898 10 large large JJ 39396 898 11 parts part NNS 39396 898 12 of of IN 39396 898 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 898 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 898 15 relationships relationship NNS 39396 898 16 in in IN 39396 898 17 the the DT 39396 898 18 state state NN 39396 898 19 need need VBP 39396 898 20 careful careful JJ 39396 898 21 study study NN 39396 898 22 . . . 39396 899 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 899 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 899 3 : : : 39396 899 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 899 5 . . . 39396 900 1 17 17 CD 39396 900 2 . . . 39396 901 1 Variations variation NNS 39396 901 2 in in IN 39396 901 3 density density NN 39396 901 4 and and CC 39396 901 5 mass mass NN 39396 901 6 of of IN 39396 901 7 three three CD 39396 901 8 common common JJ 39396 901 9 rodents rodent NNS 39396 901 10 on on IN 39396 901 11 House House NNP 39396 901 12 Field Field NNP 39396 901 13 . . . 39396 902 1 The the DT 39396 902 2 upper upper JJ 39396 902 3 graph graph NN 39396 902 4 shows show VBZ 39396 902 5 the the DT 39396 902 6 sum sum NN 39396 902 7 of of IN 39396 902 8 the the DT 39396 902 9 biomass biomass NN 39396 902 10 of of IN 39396 902 11 the the DT 39396 902 12 three three CD 39396 902 13 rodents rodent NNS 39396 902 14 . . . 39396 903 1 In in IN 39396 903 2 the the DT 39396 903 3 two two CD 39396 903 4 lower low JJR 39396 903 5 graphs graphs NN 39396 903 6 the the DT 39396 903 7 solid solid JJ 39396 903 8 line line NN 39396 903 9 represents represent VBZ 39396 903 10 _ _ NNP 39396 903 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 903 12 _ _ NNP 39396 903 13 , , , 39396 903 14 the the DT 39396 903 15 broken broken JJ 39396 903 16 line line NN 39396 903 17 _ _ NNP 39396 903 18 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 903 19 _ _ NNP 39396 903 20 , , , 39396 903 21 and and CC 39396 903 22 the the DT 39396 903 23 dotted dotted JJ 39396 903 24 line line NN 39396 903 25 _ _ NNP 39396 903 26 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 39396 903 27 _ _ NNP 39396 903 28 . . . 39396 903 29 ] ] -RRB- 39396 904 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 904 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 904 3 : : : 39396 904 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 904 5 . . . 39396 905 1 18 18 CD 39396 905 2 . . . 39396 906 1 Variations variation NNS 39396 906 2 in in IN 39396 906 3 density density NN 39396 906 4 and and CC 39396 906 5 biomass biomass NN 39396 906 6 of of IN 39396 906 7 three three CD 39396 906 8 common common JJ 39396 906 9 rodents rodent NNS 39396 906 10 on on IN 39396 906 11 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 906 12 Field Field NNP 39396 906 13 . . . 39396 907 1 For for IN 39396 907 2 key key NN 39396 907 3 , , , 39396 907 4 see see VB 39396 907 5 legend legend NN 39396 907 6 of of IN 39396 907 7 Fig Fig NNP 39396 907 8 . . . 39396 908 1 17 17 CD 39396 908 2 . . . 39396 908 3 ] ] -RRB- 39396 909 1 [ [ -LRB- 39396 909 2 Illustration illustration NN 39396 909 3 : : : 39396 909 4 FIG FIG NNP 39396 909 5 . . . 39396 910 1 19 19 CD 39396 910 2 . . . 39396 911 1 Changing change VBG 39396 911 2 biomass biomass NN 39396 911 3 ratios ratio NNS 39396 911 4 of of IN 39396 911 5 three three CD 39396 911 6 common common JJ 39396 911 7 rodents rodent NNS 39396 911 8 on on IN 39396 911 9 House House NNP 39396 911 10 Field Field NNP 39396 911 11 and and CC 39396 911 12 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 911 13 Field Field NNP 39396 911 14 . . . 39396 912 1 In in IN 39396 912 2 late late JJ 39396 912 3 1951 1951 CD 39396 912 4 and and CC 39396 912 5 early early JJ 39396 912 6 1952 1952 CD 39396 912 7 the the DT 39396 912 8 cotton cotton NN 39396 912 9 rats rat NNS 39396 912 10 attained attain VBD 39396 912 11 relatively relatively RB 39396 912 12 high high JJ 39396 912 13 levels level NNS 39396 912 14 and and CC 39396 912 15 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 912 16 caused cause VBD 39396 912 17 compensatory compensatory JJ 39396 912 18 decreases decrease NNS 39396 912 19 in in IN 39396 912 20 the the DT 39396 912 21 numbers number NNS 39396 912 22 of of IN 39396 912 23 voles vole NNS 39396 912 24 . . . 39396 913 1 The the DT 39396 913 2 solid solid JJ 39396 913 3 line line NN 39396 913 4 represents represent VBZ 39396 913 5 _ _ NNP 39396 913 6 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 913 7 _ _ NNP 39396 913 8 , , , 39396 913 9 the the DT 39396 913 10 broken broken JJ 39396 913 11 line line NN 39396 913 12 _ _ NNP 39396 913 13 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 913 14 _ _ NNP 39396 913 15 , , , 39396 913 16 and and CC 39396 913 17 the the DT 39396 913 18 dotted dotted JJ 39396 913 19 line line NN 39396 913 20 _ _ NNP 39396 913 21 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 39396 913 22 _ _ NNP 39396 913 23 . . . 39396 913 24 ] ] -RRB- 39396 914 1 Both both DT 39396 914 2 this this DT 39396 914 3 study study NN 39396 914 4 and and CC 39396 914 5 the the DT 39396 914 6 literature literature NN 39396 914 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 914 8 Black black JJ 39396 914 9 , , , 39396 914 10 1937:197 1937:197 CD 39396 914 11 ; ; : 39396 914 12 Calhoun Calhoun NNP 39396 914 13 , , , 39396 914 14 _ _ NNP 39396 914 15 loc loc NN 39396 914 16 . . . 39396 915 1 cit cit NNP 39396 915 2 . . . 39396 915 3 _ _ NNP 39396 915 4 ; ; : 39396 915 5 Meyer Meyer NNP 39396 915 6 and and CC 39396 915 7 Meyer Meyer NNP 39396 915 8 , , , 39396 915 9 1944:108 1944:108 CD 39396 915 10 ; ; : 39396 915 11 Phillips Phillips NNP 39396 915 12 , , , 39396 915 13 1936:678 1936:678 CD 39396 915 14 ; ; : 39396 915 15 Rinker Rinker NNP 39396 915 16 , , , 39396 915 17 1942a:377 1942a:377 CD 39396 915 18 ; ; : 39396 915 19 Strecker Strecker NNP 39396 915 20 , , , 39396 915 21 1929:216 1929:216 CD 39396 915 22 - - SYM 39396 915 23 218 218 CD 39396 915 24 ; ; : 39396 915 25 Svihla Svihla NNP 39396 915 26 , , , 39396 915 27 1929:352 1929:352 CD 39396 915 28 - - SYM 39396 915 29 353 353 CD 39396 915 30 ) ) -RRB- 39396 915 31 showed show VBD 39396 915 32 that that IN 39396 915 33 , , , 39396 915 34 in in IN 39396 915 35 general general JJ 39396 915 36 , , , 39396 915 37 the the DT 39396 915 38 habitat habitat NN 39396 915 39 needs need NNS 39396 915 40 of of IN 39396 915 41 _ _ NNP 39396 915 42 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 915 43 _ _ NNP 39396 915 44 and and CC 39396 915 45 _ _ NNP 39396 915 46 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 915 47 _ _ NNP 39396 915 48 were be VBD 39396 915 49 similar similar JJ 39396 915 50 . . . 39396 916 1 Studies study NNS 39396 916 2 on on IN 39396 916 3 the the DT 39396 916 4 Natural Natural NNP 39396 916 5 History History NNP 39396 916 6 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 916 7 , , , 39396 916 8 both both CC 39396 916 9 in in IN 39396 916 10 connection connection NN 39396 916 11 with with IN 39396 916 12 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 916 13 problem problem NN 39396 916 14 and and CC 39396 916 15 otherwise otherwise RB 39396 916 16 , , , 39396 916 17 suggested suggest VBD 39396 916 18 , , , 39396 916 19 however however RB 39396 916 20 , , , 39396 916 21 that that IN 39396 916 22 _ _ NNP 39396 916 23 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 916 24 _ _ NNP 39396 916 25 occurred occur VBD 39396 916 26 in in IN 39396 916 27 only only RB 39396 916 28 the the DT 39396 916 29 more more RBR 39396 916 30 productive productive JJ 39396 916 31 habitat habitat JJ 39396 916 32 types type NNS 39396 916 33 used use VBN 39396 916 34 by by IN 39396 916 35 voles vole NNS 39396 916 36 , , , 39396 916 37 where where WRB 39396 916 38 the the DT 39396 916 39 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 916 40 was be VBD 39396 916 41 relatively relatively RB 39396 916 42 high high JJ 39396 916 43 and and CC 39396 916 44 rank rank NN 39396 916 45 . . . 39396 917 1 On on IN 39396 917 2 the the DT 39396 917 3 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 917 4 the the DT 39396 917 5 cotton cotton NN 39396 917 6 rat rat NN 39396 917 7 was be VBD 39396 917 8 found find VBN 39396 917 9 mostly mostly RB 39396 917 10 in in IN 39396 917 11 the the DT 39396 917 12 lower low JJR 39396 917 13 meadows meadow NNS 39396 917 14 ; ; : 39396 917 15 they -PRON- PRP 39396 917 16 were be VBD 39396 917 17 more more RBR 39396 917 18 moist moist JJ 39396 917 19 and and CC 39396 917 20 had have VBD 39396 917 21 a a DT 39396 917 22 more more RBR 39396 917 23 luxuriant luxuriant JJ 39396 917 24 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 917 25 than than IN 39396 917 26 the the DT 39396 917 27 higher high JJR 39396 917 28 fields field NNS 39396 917 29 . . . 39396 918 1 Although although IN 39396 918 2 a a DT 39396 918 3 few few JJ 39396 918 4 cotton cotton NN 39396 918 5 rats rat NNS 39396 918 6 were be VBD 39396 918 7 taken take VBN 39396 918 8 in in IN 39396 918 9 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 918 10 Field Field NNP 39396 918 11 and and CC 39396 918 12 still still RB 39396 918 13 fewer few JJR 39396 918 14 in in IN 39396 918 15 Reithro Reithro NNP 39396 918 16 Field Field NNP 39396 918 17 , , , 39396 918 18 the the DT 39396 918 19 population population NN 39396 918 20 of of IN 39396 918 21 those those DT 39396 918 22 hilltop hilltop NN 39396 918 23 areas area NNS 39396 918 24 did do VBD 39396 918 25 not not RB 39396 918 26 approach approach VB 39396 918 27 , , , 39396 918 28 at at IN 39396 918 29 any any DT 39396 918 30 time time NN 39396 918 31 , , , 39396 918 32 the the DT 39396 918 33 levels level NNS 39396 918 34 reached reach VBN 39396 918 35 on on IN 39396 918 36 House House NNP 39396 918 37 Field Field NNP 39396 918 38 , , , 39396 918 39 which which WDT 39396 918 40 produced produce VBD 39396 918 41 a a DT 39396 918 42 more more RBR 39396 918 43 luxuriant luxuriant JJ 39396 918 44 cover cover NN 39396 918 45 . . . 39396 919 1 Only only RB 39396 919 2 when when WRB 39396 919 3 the the DT 39396 919 4 levels level NNS 39396 919 5 of of IN 39396 919 6 population population NN 39396 919 7 were be VBD 39396 919 8 exceptionally exceptionally RB 39396 919 9 high high JJ 39396 919 10 did do VBD 39396 919 11 the the DT 39396 919 12 cotton cotton NN 39396 919 13 rats rat NNS 39396 919 14 spread spread VB 39396 919 15 into into IN 39396 919 16 less less JJR 39396 919 17 productive productive JJ 39396 919 18 habitats habitat NNS 39396 919 19 . . . 39396 920 1 At at IN 39396 920 2 all all DT 39396 920 3 times time NNS 39396 920 4 , , , 39396 920 5 there there EX 39396 920 6 were be VBD 39396 920 7 areas area NNS 39396 920 8 on on IN 39396 920 9 the the DT 39396 920 10 Reservation reservation NN 39396 920 11 used use VBN 39396 920 12 by by IN 39396 920 13 _ _ NNP 39396 920 14 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 920 15 _ _ NNP 39396 920 16 which which WDT 39396 920 17 could could MD 39396 920 18 not not RB 39396 920 19 support support VB 39396 920 20 a a DT 39396 920 21 population population NN 39396 920 22 of of IN 39396 920 23 _ _ NNP 39396 920 24 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 920 25 _ _ NNP 39396 920 26 . . . 39396 921 1 The the DT 39396 921 2 cotton cotton NN 39396 921 3 rats rat NNS 39396 921 4 reacted react VBD 39396 921 5 differently differently RB 39396 921 6 to to IN 39396 921 7 the the DT 39396 921 8 floods flood NNS 39396 921 9 of of IN 39396 921 10 July July NNP 39396 921 11 , , , 39396 921 12 1951 1951 CD 39396 921 13 , , , 39396 921 14 than than IN 39396 921 15 did do VBD 39396 921 16 the the DT 39396 921 17 voles vole NNS 39396 921 18 . . . 39396 922 1 Although although IN 39396 922 2 the the DT 39396 922 3 population population NN 39396 922 4 of of IN 39396 922 5 the the DT 39396 922 6 cotton cotton NN 39396 922 7 rat rat NN 39396 922 8 decreased decrease VBD 39396 922 9 slightly slightly RB 39396 922 10 immediately immediately RB 39396 922 11 after after IN 39396 922 12 the the DT 39396 922 13 wet wet JJ 39396 922 14 period period NN 39396 922 15 , , , 39396 922 16 this this DT 39396 922 17 decrease decrease NN 39396 922 18 was be VBD 39396 922 19 insignificant insignificant JJ 39396 922 20 when when WRB 39396 922 21 compared compare VBN 39396 922 22 with with IN 39396 922 23 the the DT 39396 922 24 drop drop NN 39396 922 25 in in IN 39396 922 26 population population NN 39396 922 27 level level NN 39396 922 28 of of IN 39396 922 29 other other JJ 39396 922 30 species specie NNS 39396 922 31 of of IN 39396 922 32 small small JJ 39396 922 33 mammals mammal NNS 39396 922 34 on on IN 39396 922 35 the the DT 39396 922 36 same same JJ 39396 922 37 area area NN 39396 922 38 . . . 39396 923 1 During during IN 39396 923 2 the the DT 39396 923 3 autumn autumn NN 39396 923 4 of of IN 39396 923 5 1951 1951 CD 39396 923 6 and and CC 39396 923 7 until until IN 39396 923 8 March March NNP 39396 923 9 , , , 39396 923 10 1952 1952 CD 39396 923 11 , , , 39396 923 12 the the DT 39396 923 13 cotton cotton NN 39396 923 14 rat rat NN 39396 923 15 became become VBD 39396 923 16 the the DT 39396 923 17 most most RBS 39396 923 18 important important JJ 39396 923 19 mammal mammal NN 39396 923 20 on on IN 39396 923 21 the the DT 39396 923 22 House House NNP 39396 923 23 Field Field NNP 39396 923 24 study study NN 39396 923 25 area area NN 39396 923 26 in in IN 39396 923 27 terms term NNS 39396 923 28 of of IN 39396 923 29 grams gram NNS 39396 923 30 per per IN 39396 923 31 acre acre NN 39396 923 32 ( ( -LRB- 39396 923 33 Fig fig NN 39396 923 34 . . . 39396 924 1 17 17 CD 39396 924 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 924 3 , , , 39396 924 4 although although IN 39396 924 5 the the DT 39396 924 6 number number NN 39396 924 7 of of IN 39396 924 8 cotton cotton NN 39396 924 9 rats rat NNS 39396 924 10 per per IN 39396 924 11 acre acre NN 39396 924 12 never never RB 39396 924 13 matched match VBD 39396 924 14 the the DT 39396 924 15 density density NN 39396 924 16 of of IN 39396 924 17 the the DT 39396 924 18 voles vole NNS 39396 924 19 . . . 39396 925 1 A a DT 39396 925 2 similar similar JJ 39396 925 3 , , , 39396 925 4 though though RB 39396 925 5 less less RBR 39396 925 6 pronounced pronounced JJ 39396 925 7 , , , 39396 925 8 trend trend NN 39396 925 9 was be VBD 39396 925 10 observed observe VBN 39396 925 11 on on IN 39396 925 12 the the DT 39396 925 13 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 925 14 Field Field NNP 39396 925 15 study study NN 39396 925 16 area area NN 39396 925 17 ( ( -LRB- 39396 925 18 Fig fig NN 39396 925 19 . . . 39396 926 1 18 18 CD 39396 926 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 926 3 . . . 39396 927 1 One one CD 39396 927 2 factor factor NN 39396 927 3 in in IN 39396 927 4 the the DT 39396 927 5 success success NN 39396 927 6 of of IN 39396 927 7 the the DT 39396 927 8 cotton cotton NN 39396 927 9 rat rat NN 39396 927 10 at at IN 39396 927 11 this this DT 39396 927 12 time time NN 39396 927 13 seemed seem VBD 39396 927 14 to to TO 39396 927 15 be be VB 39396 927 16 the the DT 39396 927 17 greater great JJR 39396 927 18 resistance resistance NN 39396 927 19 to to IN 39396 927 20 wetting wetting NN 39396 927 21 shown show VBN 39396 927 22 by by IN 39396 927 23 very very RB 39396 927 24 young young JJ 39396 927 25 individuals individual NNS 39396 927 26 . . . 39396 928 1 Few few JJ 39396 928 2 adults adult NNS 39396 928 3 ( ( -LRB- 39396 928 4 of of IN 39396 928 5 any any DT 39396 928 6 species specie NNS 39396 928 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 928 8 marked mark VBN 39396 928 9 before before IN 39396 928 10 the the DT 39396 928 11 heavy heavy JJ 39396 928 12 rains rain NNS 39396 928 13 of of IN 39396 928 14 July July NNP 39396 928 15 , , , 39396 928 16 1951 1951 CD 39396 928 17 , , , 39396 928 18 were be VBD 39396 928 19 trapped trap VBN 39396 928 20 in in IN 39396 928 21 September September NNP 39396 928 22 , , , 39396 928 23 1951 1951 CD 39396 928 24 , , , 39396 928 25 when when WRB 39396 928 26 trapping trapping NN 39396 928 27 was be VBD 39396 928 28 resumed resume VBN 39396 928 29 after after IN 39396 928 30 a a DT 39396 928 31 lapse lapse NN 39396 928 32 of of IN 39396 928 33 one one CD 39396 928 34 month month NN 39396 928 35 . . . 39396 929 1 Several several JJ 39396 929 2 subadults subadult NNS 39396 929 3 and and CC 39396 929 4 some some DT 39396 929 5 juvenal juvenal JJ 39396 929 6 cotton cotton NN 39396 929 7 rats rat NNS 39396 929 8 did do VBD 39396 929 9 survive survive VB 39396 929 10 , , , 39396 929 11 however however RB 39396 929 12 , , , 39396 929 13 and and CC 39396 929 14 provided provide VBD 39396 929 15 a a DT 39396 929 16 breeding breeding NN 39396 929 17 population population NN 39396 929 18 from from IN 39396 929 19 which which WDT 39396 929 20 the the DT 39396 929 21 area area NN 39396 929 22 was be VBD 39396 929 23 repopulated repopulate VBN 39396 929 24 . . . 39396 930 1 Cotton cotton NN 39396 930 2 rats rat NNS 39396 930 3 are be VBP 39396 930 4 born bear VBN 39396 930 5 fully fully RB 39396 930 6 furred fur VBN 39396 930 7 and and CC 39396 930 8 able able JJ 39396 930 9 to to TO 39396 930 10 move move VB 39396 930 11 well well RB 39396 930 12 , , , 39396 930 13 and and CC 39396 930 14 are be VBP 39396 930 15 often often RB 39396 930 16 weaned wean VBN 39396 930 17 at at IN 39396 930 18 ten ten CD 39396 930 19 days day NNS 39396 930 20 ( ( -LRB- 39396 930 21 Meyer Meyer NNP 39396 930 22 and and CC 39396 930 23 Meyer Meyer NNP 39396 930 24 , , , 39396 930 25 1944:123 1944:123 CD 39396 930 26 - - SYM 39396 930 27 124 124 CD 39396 930 28 ) ) -RRB- 39396 930 29 . . . 39396 931 1 Voles Voles NNP 39396 931 2 , , , 39396 931 3 on on IN 39396 931 4 the the DT 39396 931 5 other other JJ 39396 931 6 hand hand NN 39396 931 7 , , , 39396 931 8 are be VBP 39396 931 9 born bear VBN 39396 931 10 naked naked JJ 39396 931 11 and and CC 39396 931 12 helpless helpless JJ 39396 931 13 and and CC 39396 931 14 are be VBP 39396 931 15 often often RB 39396 931 16 not not RB 39396 931 17 weaned wean VBN 39396 931 18 for for IN 39396 931 19 three three CD 39396 931 20 weeks week NNS 39396 931 21 . . . 39396 932 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 932 2 seems seem VBZ 39396 932 3 , , , 39396 932 4 therefore therefore RB 39396 932 5 , , , 39396 932 6 that that IN 39396 932 7 extremely extremely RB 39396 932 8 wet wet JJ 39396 932 9 soil soil NN 39396 932 10 would would MD 39396 932 11 harm harm VB 39396 932 12 the the DT 39396 932 13 voles vole NNS 39396 932 14 more more JJR 39396 932 15 than than IN 39396 932 16 it -PRON- PRP 39396 932 17 would would MD 39396 932 18 the the DT 39396 932 19 cotton cotton NN 39396 932 20 rats rat NNS 39396 932 21 . . . 39396 933 1 Several several JJ 39396 933 2 instances instance NNS 39396 933 3 of of IN 39396 933 4 cotton cotton NN 39396 933 5 rats rat NNS 39396 933 6 eating eat VBG 39396 933 7 voles vole NNS 39396 933 8 , , , 39396 933 9 caught catch VBN 39396 933 10 in in IN 39396 933 11 the the DT 39396 933 12 same same JJ 39396 933 13 live live JJ 39396 933 14 - - HYPH 39396 933 15 trap trap NN 39396 933 16 , , , 39396 933 17 were be VBD 39396 933 18 noted note VBN 39396 933 19 . . . 39396 934 1 There there EX 39396 934 2 is be VBZ 39396 934 3 reason reason NN 39396 934 4 to to TO 39396 934 5 believe believe VB 39396 934 6 that that IN 39396 934 7 young young JJ 39396 934 8 voles vole NNS 39396 934 9 , , , 39396 934 10 unable unable JJ 39396 934 11 to to TO 39396 934 12 leave leave VB 39396 934 13 the the DT 39396 934 14 nest nest NN 39396 934 15 , , , 39396 934 16 are be VBP 39396 934 17 subject subject JJ 39396 934 18 to to IN 39396 934 19 predation predation NN 39396 934 20 by by IN 39396 934 21 cotton cotton NN 39396 934 22 rats rat NNS 39396 934 23 . . . 39396 935 1 This this DT 39396 935 2 would would MD 39396 935 3 accentuate accentuate VB 39396 935 4 any any DT 39396 935 5 competitive competitive JJ 39396 935 6 advantage advantage NN 39396 935 7 gained gain VBN 39396 935 8 otherwise otherwise RB 39396 935 9 by by IN 39396 935 10 the the DT 39396 935 11 cotton cotton NN 39396 935 12 rats rat NNS 39396 935 13 . . . 39396 936 1 The the DT 39396 936 2 population population NN 39396 936 3 of of IN 39396 936 4 _ _ NNP 39396 936 5 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 936 6 _ _ NNP 39396 936 7 retained retain VBD 39396 936 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 936 9 high high JJ 39396 936 10 level level NN 39396 936 11 , , , 39396 936 12 relative relative JJ 39396 936 13 to to IN 39396 936 14 _ _ NNP 39396 936 15 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 936 16 _ _ NNP 39396 936 17 , , , 39396 936 18 until until IN 39396 936 19 February February NNP 39396 936 20 , , , 39396 936 21 1952 1952 CD 39396 936 22 . . . 39396 937 1 In in IN 39396 937 2 March March NNP 39396 937 3 only only RB 39396 937 4 one one CD 39396 937 5 individual individual NN 39396 937 6 was be VBD 39396 937 7 captured capture VBN 39396 937 8 and and CC 39396 937 9 after after IN 39396 937 10 that that DT 39396 937 11 none none NN 39396 937 12 was be VBD 39396 937 13 trapped trap VBN 39396 937 14 until until IN 39396 937 15 August August NNP 39396 937 16 , , , 39396 937 17 1952 1952 CD 39396 937 18 , , , 39396 937 19 when when WRB 39396 937 20 a a DT 39396 937 21 single single JJ 39396 937 22 subadult subadult NN 39396 937 23 male male NN 39396 937 24 was be VBD 39396 937 25 captured capture VBN 39396 937 26 . . . 39396 938 1 Early early RB 39396 938 2 in in IN 39396 938 3 March March NNP 39396 938 4 , , , 39396 938 5 1952 1952 CD 39396 938 6 , , , 39396 938 7 before before IN 39396 938 8 the the DT 39396 938 9 trapping trapping JJ 39396 938 10 period period NN 39396 938 11 for for IN 39396 938 12 the the DT 39396 938 13 month month NN 39396 938 14 had have VBD 39396 938 15 begun begin VBN 39396 938 16 , , , 39396 938 17 the the DT 39396 938 18 area area NN 39396 938 19 suffered suffer VBD 39396 938 20 three three CD 39396 938 21 successive successive JJ 39396 938 22 days day NNS 39396 938 23 of of IN 39396 938 24 unusually unusually RB 39396 938 25 low low JJ 39396 938 26 temperature temperature NN 39396 938 27 , , , 39396 938 28 with with IN 39396 938 29 snow snow NN 39396 938 30 , , , 39396 938 31 which which WDT 39396 938 32 lay lie VBD 39396 938 33 more more JJR 39396 938 34 than than IN 39396 938 35 six six CD 39396 938 36 inches inch NNS 39396 938 37 deep deep JJ 39396 938 38 in in IN 39396 938 39 places place NNS 39396 938 40 . . . 39396 939 1 As as IN 39396 939 2 suggested suggest VBN 39396 939 3 by by IN 39396 939 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 939 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 939 6 1952:185 1952:185 CD 39396 939 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 939 8 , , , 39396 939 9 such such JJ 39396 939 10 conditions condition NNS 39396 939 11 proved prove VBD 39396 939 12 detrimental detrimental JJ 39396 939 13 to to IN 39396 939 14 the the DT 39396 939 15 cotton cotton NN 39396 939 16 rats rat NNS 39396 939 17 and and CC 39396 939 18 , , , 39396 939 19 at at IN 39396 939 20 least least JJS 39396 939 21 to to IN 39396 939 22 the the DT 39396 939 23 end end NN 39396 939 24 of of IN 39396 939 25 the the DT 39396 939 26 study study NN 39396 939 27 period period NN 39396 939 28 in in IN 39396 939 29 August August NNP 39396 939 30 , , , 39396 939 31 1952 1952 CD 39396 939 32 , , , 39396 939 33 the the DT 39396 939 34 population population NN 39396 939 35 of of IN 39396 939 36 cotton cotton NN 39396 939 37 rats rat NNS 39396 939 38 had have VBD 39396 939 39 failed fail VBN 39396 939 40 to to TO 39396 939 41 recover recover VB 39396 939 42 . . . 39396 940 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 39396 940 2 the the DT 39396 940 3 extremely extremely RB 39396 940 4 dry dry JJ 39396 940 5 weather weather NN 39396 940 6 which which WDT 39396 940 7 followed follow VBD 39396 940 8 the the DT 39396 940 9 heavy heavy JJ 39396 940 10 winter winter NN 39396 940 11 mortality mortality NN 39396 940 12 delayed delay VBD 39396 940 13 the the DT 39396 940 14 recovery recovery NN 39396 940 15 of of IN 39396 940 16 the the DT 39396 940 17 population population NN 39396 940 18 . . . 39396 941 1 These these DT 39396 941 2 limited limited JJ 39396 941 3 data datum NNS 39396 941 4 seem seem VBP 39396 941 5 to to TO 39396 941 6 indicate indicate VB 39396 941 7 competition competition NN 39396 941 8 between between IN 39396 941 9 _ _ NNP 39396 941 10 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 941 11 _ _ NNP 39396 941 12 and and CC 39396 941 13 _ _ NNP 39396 941 14 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 941 15 _ _ NNP 39396 941 16 in in IN 39396 941 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 941 18 . . . 39396 942 1 Extremely extremely RB 39396 942 2 wet wet JJ 39396 942 3 conditions condition NNS 39396 942 4 seem seem VBP 39396 942 5 to to TO 39396 942 6 give give VB 39396 942 7 _ _ NNP 39396 942 8 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 942 9 _ _ NNP 39396 942 10 a a DT 39396 942 11 competitive competitive JJ 39396 942 12 advantage advantage NN 39396 942 13 whereas whereas IN 39396 942 14 _ _ NNP 39396 942 15 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 942 16 _ _ NNP 39396 942 17 is be VBZ 39396 942 18 better well RBR 39396 942 19 able able JJ 39396 942 20 to to TO 39396 942 21 survive survive VB 39396 942 22 dry dry JJ 39396 942 23 summers summer NNS 39396 942 24 and and CC 39396 942 25 severe severe JJ 39396 942 26 winters winter NNS 39396 942 27 . . . 39396 943 1 However however RB 39396 943 2 , , , 39396 943 3 these these DT 39396 943 4 relationships relationship NNS 39396 943 5 need need VBP 39396 943 6 further further JJ 39396 943 7 clarification clarification NN 39396 943 8 by by IN 39396 943 9 an an DT 39396 943 10 intensive intensive JJ 39396 943 11 study study NN 39396 943 12 of of IN 39396 943 13 the the DT 39396 943 14 life life NN 39396 943 15 history history NN 39396 943 16 of of IN 39396 943 17 _ _ NNP 39396 943 18 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 943 19 _ _ NNP 39396 943 20 in in IN 39396 943 21 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 943 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 943 23 especially especially RB 39396 943 24 the the DT 39396 943 25 more more RBR 39396 943 26 arid arid JJ 39396 943 27 western western JJ 39396 943 28 part part NN 39396 943 29 ) ) -RRB- 39396 943 30 , , , 39396 943 31 including include VBG 39396 943 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 943 33 coactions coaction NNS 39396 943 34 with with IN 39396 943 35 the the DT 39396 943 36 communities community NNS 39396 943 37 it -PRON- PRP 39396 943 38 has have VBZ 39396 943 39 invaded invade VBN 39396 943 40 successfully successfully RB 39396 943 41 recently recently RB 39396 943 42 . . . 39396 944 1 The the DT 39396 944 2 harvest harvest NN 39396 944 3 mouse mouse NN 39396 944 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 944 5 _ _ NNP 39396 944 6 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 39396 944 7 megalotis megalotis NN 39396 944 8 _ _ NNP 39396 944 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 944 10 also also RB 39396 944 11 was be VBD 39396 944 12 a a DT 39396 944 13 common common JJ 39396 944 14 inhabitant inhabitant NN 39396 944 15 of of IN 39396 944 16 the the DT 39396 944 17 study study NN 39396 944 18 plots plot NNS 39396 944 19 , , , 39396 944 20 but but CC 39396 944 21 this this DT 39396 944 22 small small JJ 39396 944 23 rodent rodent NN 39396 944 24 seemed seem VBD 39396 944 25 not not RB 39396 944 26 to to TO 39396 944 27 be be VB 39396 944 28 a a DT 39396 944 29 serious serious JJ 39396 944 30 competitor competitor NN 39396 944 31 of of IN 39396 944 32 the the DT 39396 944 33 voles vole NNS 39396 944 34 , , , 39396 944 35 as as IN 39396 944 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 944 37 food food NN 39396 944 38 consists consist VBZ 39396 944 39 almost almost RB 39396 944 40 entirely entirely RB 39396 944 41 of of IN 39396 944 42 seeds seed NNS 39396 944 43 ( ( -LRB- 39396 944 44 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 944 45 , , , 39396 944 46 _ _ NNP 39396 944 47 op op NN 39396 944 48 . . . 39396 945 1 cit._:165 cit._:165 NN 39396 945 2 ) ) -RRB- 39396 945 3 not not RB 39396 945 4 usually usually RB 39396 945 5 used use VBN 39396 945 6 by by IN 39396 945 7 voles vole NNS 39396 945 8 . . . 39396 946 1 In in IN 39396 946 2 this this DT 39396 946 3 study study NN 39396 946 4 , , , 39396 946 5 at at IN 39396 946 6 least least JJS 39396 946 7 , , , 39396 946 8 no no DT 39396 946 9 conflict conflict NN 39396 946 10 over over IN 39396 946 11 space space NN 39396 946 12 was be VBD 39396 946 13 apparent apparent JJ 39396 946 14 . . . 39396 947 1 Harvest harvest NN 39396 947 2 mice mouse NNS 39396 947 3 frequently frequently RB 39396 947 4 were be VBD 39396 947 5 taken take VBN 39396 947 6 in in IN 39396 947 7 the the DT 39396 947 8 runways runway NNS 39396 947 9 of of IN 39396 947 10 voles vole NNS 39396 947 11 and and CC 39396 947 12 even even RB 39396 947 13 in in IN 39396 947 14 the the DT 39396 947 15 same same JJ 39396 947 16 trap trap NN 39396 947 17 with with IN 39396 947 18 voles vole NNS 39396 947 19 . . . 39396 948 1 Reithro Reithro NNP 39396 948 2 Field Field NNP 39396 948 3 , , , 39396 948 4 the the DT 39396 948 5 part part NN 39396 948 6 of of IN 39396 948 7 the the DT 39396 948 8 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 948 9 having have VBG 39396 948 10 the the DT 39396 948 11 heaviest heavy JJS 39396 948 12 population population NN 39396 948 13 of of IN 39396 948 14 the the DT 39396 948 15 harvest harvest NN 39396 948 16 mouse mouse NN 39396 948 17 , , , 39396 948 18 differed differ VBN 39396 948 19 from from IN 39396 948 20 the the DT 39396 948 21 habitats habitat NNS 39396 948 22 that that WDT 39396 948 23 were be VBD 39396 948 24 better well JJR 39396 948 25 for for IN 39396 948 26 voles vole NNS 39396 948 27 in in IN 39396 948 28 being be VBG 39396 948 29 higher high JJR 39396 948 30 , , , 39396 948 31 drier dry JJR 39396 948 32 and and CC 39396 948 33 less less RBR 39396 948 34 densely densely RB 39396 948 35 covered cover VBN 39396 948 36 with with IN 39396 948 37 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 948 38 . . . 39396 949 1 However however RB 39396 949 2 , , , 39396 949 3 during during IN 39396 949 4 the the DT 39396 949 5 summer summer NN 39396 949 6 of of IN 39396 949 7 1951 1951 CD 39396 949 8 when when WRB 39396 949 9 the the DT 39396 949 10 voles vole NNS 39396 949 11 were be VBD 39396 949 12 most most RBS 39396 949 13 abundant abundant JJ 39396 949 14 , , , 39396 949 15 Reithro Reithro NNP 39396 949 16 Field Field NNP 39396 949 17 supported support VBD 39396 949 18 a a DT 39396 949 19 large large JJ 39396 949 20 population population NN 39396 949 21 of of IN 39396 949 22 voles vole NNS 39396 949 23 . . . 39396 950 1 Estimates estimate NNS 39396 950 2 of of IN 39396 950 3 population population NN 39396 950 4 of of IN 39396 950 5 the the DT 39396 950 6 harvest harvest NN 39396 950 7 mouse mouse NN 39396 950 8 were be VBD 39396 950 9 of of IN 39396 950 10 doubtful doubtful JJ 39396 950 11 validity validity NN 39396 950 12 in in IN 39396 950 13 summer summer NN 39396 950 14 because because IN 39396 950 15 it -PRON- PRP 39396 950 16 was be VBD 39396 950 17 readily readily RB 39396 950 18 trapped trap VBN 39396 950 19 only only RB 39396 950 20 in in IN 39396 950 21 winter winter NN 39396 950 22 and and CC 39396 950 23 early early JJ 39396 950 24 spring spring NN 39396 950 25 . . . 39396 951 1 Many many JJ 39396 951 2 individuals individual NNS 39396 951 3 marked mark VBN 39396 951 4 in in IN 39396 951 5 late late JJ 39396 951 6 spring spring NN 39396 951 7 were be VBD 39396 951 8 not not RB 39396 951 9 trapped trap VBN 39396 951 10 again again RB 39396 951 11 until until IN 39396 951 12 late late JJ 39396 951 13 autumn autumn NN 39396 951 14 although although IN 39396 951 15 presumably presumably RB 39396 951 16 they -PRON- PRP 39396 951 17 remained remain VBD 39396 951 18 on on IN 39396 951 19 the the DT 39396 951 20 area area NN 39396 951 21 . . . 39396 952 1 This this DT 39396 952 2 seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 952 3 variation variation NN 39396 952 4 in in IN 39396 952 5 trapping trap VBG 39396 952 6 success success NN 39396 952 7 seemed seem VBD 39396 952 8 to to TO 39396 952 9 be be VB 39396 952 10 a a DT 39396 952 11 matter matter NN 39396 952 12 of of IN 39396 952 13 acceptance acceptance NN 39396 952 14 and and CC 39396 952 15 refusal refusal NN 39396 952 16 of of IN 39396 952 17 bait bait NN 39396 952 18 ( ( -LRB- 39396 952 19 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 952 20 , , , 39396 952 21 1954:45 1954:45 CD 39396 952 22 ) ) -RRB- 39396 952 23 . . . 39396 953 1 The the DT 39396 953 2 presence presence NN 39396 953 3 of of IN 39396 953 4 the the DT 39396 953 5 wood wood NN 39396 953 6 mouse mouse NN 39396 953 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 953 8 _ _ NNP 39396 953 9 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 39396 953 10 leucopus leucopus NNP 39396 953 11 _ _ NNP 39396 953 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 953 13 on on IN 39396 953 14 the the DT 39396 953 15 study study NN 39396 953 16 plots plot NNS 39396 953 17 indicated indicate VBD 39396 953 18 an an DT 39396 953 19 overlapping overlapping NN 39396 953 20 of of IN 39396 953 21 habitats habitat NNS 39396 953 22 . . . 39396 954 1 Both both DT 39396 954 2 House House NNP 39396 954 3 and and CC 39396 954 4 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 954 5 Fields Fields NNPS 39396 954 6 were be VBD 39396 954 7 on on IN 39396 954 8 the the DT 39396 954 9 ecotone ecotone NN 39396 954 10 between between IN 39396 954 11 forest forest NN 39396 954 12 and and CC 39396 954 13 meadow meadow NN 39396 954 14 and and CC 39396 954 15 a a DT 39396 954 16 mixture mixture NN 39396 954 17 of of IN 39396 954 18 mammals mammal NNS 39396 954 19 from from IN 39396 954 20 both both DT 39396 954 21 types type NNS 39396 954 22 of of IN 39396 954 23 habitat habitat NN 39396 954 24 occurred occur VBD 39396 954 25 . . . 39396 955 1 No no DT 39396 955 2 sign sign NN 39396 955 3 of of IN 39396 955 4 the the DT 39396 955 5 homes home NNS 39396 955 6 of of IN 39396 955 7 the the DT 39396 955 8 wood wood NN 39396 955 9 mouse mouse NN 39396 955 10 was be VBD 39396 955 11 found find VBN 39396 955 12 on on IN 39396 955 13 the the DT 39396 955 14 study study NN 39396 955 15 plots plot NNS 39396 955 16 , , , 39396 955 17 and and CC 39396 955 18 on on IN 39396 955 19 the the DT 39396 955 20 larger large JJR 39396 955 21 trap trap NN 39396 955 22 line line NN 39396 955 23 , , , 39396 955 24 operated operate VBN 39396 955 25 by by IN 39396 955 26 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 955 27 , , , 39396 955 28 wood wood NN 39396 955 29 mice mouse NNS 39396 955 30 were be VBD 39396 955 31 captured capture VBN 39396 955 32 only only RB 39396 955 33 near near IN 39396 955 34 the the DT 39396 955 35 edge edge NN 39396 955 36 of of IN 39396 955 37 the the DT 39396 955 38 woods wood NNS 39396 955 39 . . . 39396 956 1 Only only RB 39396 956 2 six six CD 39396 956 3 deer deer NN 39396 956 4 mice mouse NNS 39396 956 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 956 6 _ _ NNP 39396 956 7 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 39396 956 8 maniculatus maniculatus NNP 39396 956 9 _ _ NNP 39396 956 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 956 11 were be VBD 39396 956 12 taken take VBN 39396 956 13 on on IN 39396 956 14 the the DT 39396 956 15 study study NN 39396 956 16 plots plot NNS 39396 956 17 . . . 39396 957 1 This this DT 39396 957 2 small small JJ 39396 957 3 number number NN 39396 957 4 probably probably RB 39396 957 5 provided provide VBD 39396 957 6 an an DT 39396 957 7 inaccurate inaccurate JJ 39396 957 8 index index NN 39396 957 9 of of IN 39396 957 10 the the DT 39396 957 11 association association NNP 39396 957 12 of of IN 39396 957 13 the the DT 39396 957 14 deer deer NN 39396 957 15 mouse mouse NN 39396 957 16 and and CC 39396 957 17 the the DT 39396 957 18 prairie prairie NNP 39396 957 19 vole vole NNP 39396 957 20 , , , 39396 957 21 because because IN 39396 957 22 samples sample NNS 39396 957 23 from from IN 39396 957 24 snap snap NN 39396 957 25 - - HYPH 39396 957 26 traps trap NNS 39396 957 27 and and CC 39396 957 28 the the DT 39396 957 29 data datum NNS 39396 957 30 of of IN 39396 957 31 other other JJ 39396 957 32 workers worker NNS 39396 957 33 on on IN 39396 957 34 the the DT 39396 957 35 Reservation reservation NN 39396 957 36 showed show VBD 39396 957 37 a a DT 39396 957 38 more more RBR 39396 957 39 common common JJ 39396 957 40 occurrence occurrence NN 39396 957 41 of of IN 39396 957 42 the the DT 39396 957 43 two two CD 39396 957 44 species specie NNS 39396 957 45 together together RB 39396 957 46 . . . 39396 958 1 The the DT 39396 958 2 deer deer NN 39396 958 3 mice mouse NNS 39396 958 4 seemed seem VBD 39396 958 5 to to TO 39396 958 6 prefer prefer VB 39396 958 7 a a DT 39396 958 8 sparser sparse JJR 39396 958 9 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 958 10 and and CC 39396 958 11 did do VBD 39396 958 12 not not RB 39396 958 13 approach approach VB 39396 958 14 so so RB 39396 958 15 closely closely RB 39396 958 16 to to IN 39396 958 17 the the DT 39396 958 18 forest forest NN 39396 958 19 edge edge NN 39396 958 20 as as IN 39396 958 21 did do VBD 39396 958 22 the the DT 39396 958 23 voles vole NNS 39396 958 24 . . . 39396 959 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 959 2 may may MD 39396 959 3 have have VB 39396 959 4 been be VBN 39396 959 5 , , , 39396 959 6 in in IN 39396 959 7 part part NN 39396 959 8 , , , 39396 959 9 the the DT 39396 959 10 presence presence NN 39396 959 11 of of IN 39396 959 12 _ _ NNP 39396 959 13 P. P. NNP 39396 960 1 leucopus leucopus NNP 39396 960 2 _ _ NNP 39396 960 3 in in IN 39396 960 4 the the DT 39396 960 5 ecotonal ecotonal JJ 39396 960 6 region region NN 39396 960 7 which which WDT 39396 960 8 made make VBD 39396 960 9 it -PRON- PRP 39396 960 10 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 39396 960 11 for for IN 39396 960 12 _ _ NNP 39396 960 13 P. P. NNP 39396 961 1 maniculatus maniculatus NNP 39396 961 2 _ _ NNP 39396 961 3 . . . 39396 962 1 Other other JJ 39396 962 2 mammals mammal NNS 39396 962 3 noted note VBN 39396 962 4 on on IN 39396 962 5 the the DT 39396 962 6 study study NN 39396 962 7 areas area NNS 39396 962 8 were be VBD 39396 962 9 the the DT 39396 962 10 following follow VBG 39396 962 11 : : : 39396 962 12 _ _ NNP 39396 962 13 Didelphis Didelphis NNP 39396 962 14 marsupialis marsupialis NN 39396 962 15 _ _ NNP 39396 962 16 , , , 39396 962 17 _ _ NNP 39396 962 18 Blarina Blarina NNP 39396 962 19 brevicauda brevicauda NN 39396 962 20 _ _ NNP 39396 962 21 , , , 39396 962 22 _ _ NNP 39396 962 23 Scalopus Scalopus NNP 39396 962 24 aquaticus aquaticus NN 39396 962 25 _ _ NNP 39396 962 26 , , , 39396 962 27 _ _ NNP 39396 962 28 Canis Canis NNP 39396 962 29 familiaris familiaris NNP 39396 962 30 _ _ NNP 39396 962 31 , , , 39396 962 32 _ _ NNP 39396 962 33 Canis Canis NNP 39396 962 34 latrans latran NNS 39396 962 35 _ _ NNP 39396 962 36 , , , 39396 962 37 _ _ NNP 39396 962 38 Procyon Procyon NNP 39396 962 39 lotor lotor NN 39396 962 40 _ _ NNP 39396 962 41 , , , 39396 962 42 _ _ NNP 39396 962 43 Felis Felis NNP 39396 962 44 domesticus domesticus NN 39396 962 45 _ _ NNP 39396 962 46 , , , 39396 962 47 _ _ NNP 39396 962 48 Sylvilagus Sylvilagus NNP 39396 962 49 floridanus floridanus NN 39396 962 50 _ _ NNP 39396 962 51 , , , 39396 962 52 _ _ NNP 39396 962 53 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 962 54 pinetorum pinetorum NN 39396 962 55 _ _ NNP 39396 962 56 , , , 39396 962 57 _ _ NNP 39396 962 58 Mus Mus NNP 39396 962 59 musculus musculus NNP 39396 962 60 _ _ NNP 39396 962 61 and and CC 39396 962 62 _ _ NNP 39396 962 63 Zapus Zapus NNP 39396 962 64 hudsonius hudsonius NN 39396 962 65 _ _ NNP 39396 962 66 . . . 39396 963 1 SUMMARY summary NN 39396 963 2 AND and CC 39396 963 3 CONCLUSIONS conclusion NNS 39396 963 4 In in IN 39396 963 5 the the DT 39396 963 6 23-month 23-month CD 39396 963 7 period period NN 39396 963 8 from from IN 39396 963 9 October October NNP 39396 963 10 , , , 39396 963 11 1950 1950 CD 39396 963 12 , , , 39396 963 13 to to IN 39396 963 14 August August NNP 39396 963 15 , , , 39396 963 16 1952 1952 CD 39396 963 17 , , , 39396 963 18 the the DT 39396 963 19 ecology ecology NN 39396 963 20 of of IN 39396 963 21 the the DT 39396 963 22 prairie prairie NNP 39396 963 23 vole vole NNP 39396 963 24 , , , 39396 963 25 _ _ NNP 39396 963 26 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 963 27 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 963 28 _ _ NNP 39396 963 29 , , , 39396 963 30 was be VBD 39396 963 31 investigated investigate VBN 39396 963 32 on on IN 39396 963 33 the the DT 39396 963 34 Natural Natural NNP 39396 963 35 History History NNP 39396 963 36 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 963 37 of of IN 39396 963 38 the the DT 39396 963 39 University University NNP 39396 963 40 of of IN 39396 963 41 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 963 42 . . . 39396 964 1 In in IN 39396 964 2 all all DT 39396 964 3 , , , 39396 964 4 817 817 CD 39396 964 5 voles vole NNS 39396 964 6 were be VBD 39396 964 7 captured capture VBN 39396 964 8 2941 2941 CD 39396 964 9 times time NNS 39396 964 10 in in IN 39396 964 11 13,880 13,880 CD 39396 964 12 " " `` 39396 964 13 live live JJ 39396 964 14 - - HYPH 39396 964 15 trap trap NN 39396 964 16 days day NNS 39396 964 17 . . . 39396 964 18 " " '' 39396 965 1 For for IN 39396 965 2 some some DT 39396 965 3 aspects aspect NNS 39396 965 4 of of IN 39396 965 5 this this DT 39396 965 6 study study NN 39396 965 7 , , , 39396 965 8 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 965 9 Henry Henry NNP 39396 965 10 S. S. NNP 39396 965 11 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 965 12 , , , 39396 965 13 resident resident JJ 39396 965 14 investigator investigator NN 39396 965 15 on on IN 39396 965 16 the the DT 39396 965 17 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 965 18 , , , 39396 965 19 permitted permit VBD 39396 965 20 the the DT 39396 965 21 use use NN 39396 965 22 of of IN 39396 965 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 39396 965 24 trapping trapping NN 39396 965 25 records record NNS 39396 965 26 . . . 39396 966 1 He -PRON- PRP 39396 966 2 had have VBD 39396 966 3 captured capture VBN 39396 966 4 1416 1416 CD 39396 966 5 voles vole NNS 39396 966 6 5098 5098 CD 39396 966 7 times time NNS 39396 966 8 . . . 39396 967 1 The the DT 39396 967 2 total total JJ 39396 967 3 number number NN 39396 967 4 of of IN 39396 967 5 live live JJ 39396 967 6 voles vole NNS 39396 967 7 used use VBN 39396 967 8 in in IN 39396 967 9 the the DT 39396 967 10 study study NN 39396 967 11 was be VBD 39396 967 12 thus thus RB 39396 967 13 2233 2233 CD 39396 967 14 , , , 39396 967 15 and and CC 39396 967 16 they -PRON- PRP 39396 967 17 were be VBD 39396 967 18 captured capture VBN 39396 967 19 8039 8039 CD 39396 967 20 times time NNS 39396 967 21 . . . 39396 968 1 In in IN 39396 968 2 addition addition NN 39396 968 3 to to IN 39396 968 4 the the DT 39396 968 5 voles vole NNS 39396 968 6 , , , 39396 968 7 I -PRON- PRP 39396 968 8 caught catch VBD 39396 968 9 96 96 CD 39396 968 10 cotton cotton NN 39396 968 11 rats rat NNS 39396 968 12 , , , 39396 968 13 108 108 CD 39396 968 14 harvest harvest NN 39396 968 15 mice mouse NNS 39396 968 16 , , , 39396 968 17 29 29 CD 39396 968 18 wood wood NN 39396 968 19 mice mouse NNS 39396 968 20 , , , 39396 968 21 2 2 CD 39396 968 22 pine pine NN 39396 968 23 voles vole NNS 39396 968 24 and and CC 39396 968 25 6 6 CD 39396 968 26 deer deer NN 39396 968 27 mice mouse NNS 39396 968 28 in in IN 39396 968 29 live live JJ 39396 968 30 traps trap NNS 39396 968 31 . . . 39396 969 1 When when WRB 39396 969 2 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 969 3 's 's POS 39396 969 4 records record NNS 39396 969 5 were be VBD 39396 969 6 used use VBN 39396 969 7 , , , 39396 969 8 the the DT 39396 969 9 live live RB 39396 969 10 - - HYPH 39396 969 11 trapping trap VBG 39396 969 12 data datum NNS 39396 969 13 covered cover VBD 39396 969 14 a a DT 39396 969 15 thirty thirty CD 39396 969 16 - - HYPH 39396 969 17 month month NN 39396 969 18 period period NN 39396 969 19 and and CC 39396 969 20 general general JJ 39396 969 21 field field NN 39396 969 22 data datum NNS 39396 969 23 were be VBD 39396 969 24 available available JJ 39396 969 25 from from IN 39396 969 26 July July NNP 39396 969 27 , , , 39396 969 28 1949 1949 CD 39396 969 29 , , , 39396 969 30 to to IN 39396 969 31 August August NNP 39396 969 32 , , , 39396 969 33 1952 1952 CD 39396 969 34 . . . 39396 970 1 Hall Hall NNP 39396 970 2 and and CC 39396 970 3 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 970 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 970 5 1953:406 1953:406 CD 39396 970 6 ) ) -RRB- 39396 970 7 stated state VBD 39396 970 8 that that IN 39396 970 9 probably probably RB 39396 970 10 all all DT 39396 970 11 microtine microtine JJ 39396 970 12 rodents rodent NNS 39396 970 13 fluctuate fluctuate VBP 39396 970 14 markedly markedly RB 39396 970 15 in in IN 39396 970 16 numbers number NNS 39396 970 17 . . . 39396 971 1 Certainly certainly RB 39396 971 2 the the DT 39396 971 3 populations population NNS 39396 971 4 I -PRON- PRP 39396 971 5 studied study VBD 39396 971 6 did do VBD 39396 971 7 so so RB 39396 971 8 , , , 39396 971 9 but but CC 39396 971 10 the the DT 39396 971 11 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 39396 971 12 were be VBD 39396 971 13 not not RB 39396 971 14 regularly regularly RB 39396 971 15 recurring recur VBG 39396 971 16 for for IN 39396 971 17 _ _ NNP 39396 971 18 M. M. NNP 39396 972 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 972 2 _ _ NNP 39396 972 3 as as IN 39396 972 4 they -PRON- PRP 39396 972 5 seem seem VBP 39396 972 6 to to TO 39396 972 7 be be VB 39396 972 8 for for IN 39396 972 9 some some DT 39396 972 10 species specie NNS 39396 972 11 of of IN 39396 972 12 the the DT 39396 972 13 genus genus NN 39396 972 14 in in IN 39396 972 15 more more JJR 39396 972 16 northern northern JJ 39396 972 17 life life NN 39396 972 18 zones zone NNS 39396 972 19 . . . 39396 973 1 The the DT 39396 973 2 changes change NNS 39396 973 3 in in IN 39396 973 4 the the DT 39396 973 5 density density NN 39396 973 6 of of IN 39396 973 7 populations population NNS 39396 973 8 described describe VBN 39396 973 9 in in IN 39396 973 10 this this DT 39396 973 11 paper paper NN 39396 973 12 can can MD 39396 973 13 be be VB 39396 973 14 explained explain VBN 39396 973 15 without without IN 39396 973 16 recourse recourse NN 39396 973 17 to to IN 39396 973 18 cycles cycle NNS 39396 973 19 of of IN 39396 973 20 long long JJ 39396 973 21 time time NN 39396 973 22 - - HYPH 39396 973 23 span span NN 39396 973 24 and and CC 39396 973 25 literature literature NN 39396 973 26 dealing deal VBG 39396 973 27 specifically specifically RB 39396 973 28 with with IN 39396 973 29 _ _ NNP 39396 973 30 M. M. NNP 39396 974 1 ochrogaster ochrogaster NNP 39396 974 2 _ _ NNP 39396 974 3 makes make VBZ 39396 974 4 no no DT 39396 974 5 references reference NNS 39396 974 6 to to IN 39396 974 7 such such JJ 39396 974 8 cycles cycle NNS 39396 974 9 . . . 39396 975 1 There there EX 39396 975 2 is be VBZ 39396 975 3 , , , 39396 975 4 however however RB 39396 975 5 , , , 39396 975 6 an an DT 39396 975 7 annual annual JJ 39396 975 8 cycle cycle NN 39396 975 9 of of IN 39396 975 10 abundance abundance NN 39396 975 11 : : : 39396 975 12 greatest great JJS 39396 975 13 density density NN 39396 975 14 of of IN 39396 975 15 population population NN 39396 975 16 occurs occur VBZ 39396 975 17 in in IN 39396 975 18 autumn autumn NN 39396 975 19 , , , 39396 975 20 and and CC 39396 975 21 the the DT 39396 975 22 least least JJS 39396 975 23 density density NN 39396 975 24 in in IN 39396 975 25 January January NNP 39396 975 26 . . . 39396 976 1 This this DT 39396 976 2 annual annual JJ 39396 976 3 pattern pattern NN 39396 976 4 is be VBZ 39396 976 5 often often RB 39396 976 6 , , , 39396 976 7 perhaps perhaps RB 39396 976 8 usually usually RB 39396 976 9 , , , 39396 976 10 obscured obscure VBN 39396 976 11 because because IN 39396 976 12 of of IN 39396 976 13 the the DT 39396 976 14 extreme extreme JJ 39396 976 15 sensitivity sensitivity NN 39396 976 16 of of IN 39396 976 17 voles vole NNS 39396 976 18 to to IN 39396 976 19 a a DT 39396 976 20 variety variety NN 39396 976 21 of of IN 39396 976 22 changes change NNS 39396 976 23 in in IN 39396 976 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 976 25 environment environment NN 39396 976 26 . . . 39396 977 1 These these DT 39396 977 2 changes change NNS 39396 977 3 are be VBP 39396 977 4 reflected reflect VBN 39396 977 5 as as IN 39396 977 6 variations variation NNS 39396 977 7 in in IN 39396 977 8 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 977 9 success success NN 39396 977 10 . . . 39396 978 1 In in IN 39396 978 2 this this DT 39396 978 3 study study NN 39396 978 4 , , , 39396 978 5 some some DT 39396 978 6 of of IN 39396 978 7 these these DT 39396 978 8 changes change NNS 39396 978 9 were be VBD 39396 978 10 accentuated accentuate VBN 39396 978 11 by by IN 39396 978 12 the the DT 39396 978 13 great great JJ 39396 978 14 range range NN 39396 978 15 in in IN 39396 978 16 annual annual JJ 39396 978 17 precipitation precipitation NN 39396 978 18 . . . 39396 979 1 Annual annual JJ 39396 979 2 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 979 3 was be VBD 39396 979 4 approximately approximately RB 39396 979 5 average average JJ 39396 979 6 in in IN 39396 979 7 1950 1950 CD 39396 979 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 979 9 36.32 36.32 CD 39396 979 10 inches inch NNS 39396 979 11 , , , 39396 979 12 0.92 0.92 CD 39396 979 13 inches inch NNS 39396 979 14 above above IN 39396 979 15 normal normal JJ 39396 979 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 979 17 , , , 39396 979 18 notably notably RB 39396 979 19 high high JJ 39396 979 20 in in IN 39396 979 21 1951 1951 CD 39396 979 22 ( ( -LRB- 39396 979 23 50.68 50.68 CD 39396 979 24 inches inch NNS 39396 979 25 , , , 39396 979 26 15.28 15.28 CD 39396 979 27 inches inch NNS 39396 979 28 above above IN 39396 979 29 normal normal JJ 39396 979 30 ) ) -RRB- 39396 979 31 and and CC 39396 979 32 notably notably RB 39396 979 33 low low JJ 39396 979 34 in in IN 39396 979 35 1952 1952 CD 39396 979 36 ( ( -LRB- 39396 979 37 23.80 23.80 CD 39396 979 38 inches inch NNS 39396 979 39 , , , 39396 979 40 11.60 11.60 CD 39396 979 41 inches inch NNS 39396 979 42 below below IN 39396 979 43 normal normal JJ 39396 979 44 ) ) -RRB- 39396 979 45 . . . 39396 980 1 Among among IN 39396 980 2 the the DT 39396 980 3 types type NNS 39396 980 4 of of IN 39396 980 5 environmental environmental JJ 39396 980 6 modification modification NN 39396 980 7 to to TO 39396 980 8 which which WDT 39396 980 9 the the DT 39396 980 10 populations population NNS 39396 980 11 of of IN 39396 980 12 voles vole NNS 39396 980 13 reacted react VBN 39396 980 14 were be VBD 39396 980 15 plant plant NN 39396 980 16 succession succession NN 39396 980 17 , , , 39396 980 18 an an DT 39396 980 19 increase increase NN 39396 980 20 in in IN 39396 980 21 competition competition NN 39396 980 22 with with IN 39396 980 23 _ _ NNP 39396 980 24 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 980 25 _ _ NNP 39396 980 26 , , , 39396 980 27 abnormal abnormal JJ 39396 980 28 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 980 29 and and CC 39396 980 30 concentration concentration NN 39396 980 31 of of IN 39396 980 32 predators predator NNS 39396 980 33 . . . 39396 981 1 In in IN 39396 981 2 the the DT 39396 981 3 overgrazed overgrazed JJ 39396 981 4 disclimax disclimax NNP 39396 981 5 existing exist VBG 39396 981 6 in in IN 39396 981 7 1948 1948 CD 39396 981 8 when when WRB 39396 981 9 the the DT 39396 981 10 study study NN 39396 981 11 areas area NNS 39396 981 12 were be VBD 39396 981 13 reserved reserve VBN 39396 981 14 , , , 39396 981 15 no no DT 39396 981 16 voles vole NNS 39396 981 17 were be VBD 39396 981 18 found find VBN 39396 981 19 because because IN 39396 981 20 cover cover NN 39396 981 21 was be VBD 39396 981 22 insufficient insufficient JJ 39396 981 23 . . . 39396 982 1 After after IN 39396 982 2 the the DT 39396 982 3 area area NN 39396 982 4 was be VBD 39396 982 5 protected protect VBN 39396 982 6 a a DT 39396 982 7 succession succession NN 39396 982 8 of of IN 39396 982 9 good good JJ 39396 982 10 growing growing NN 39396 982 11 years year NNS 39396 982 12 hastened hasten VBD 39396 982 13 the the DT 39396 982 14 recovery recovery NN 39396 982 15 of of IN 39396 982 16 the the DT 39396 982 17 grasses grass NNS 39396 982 18 and and CC 39396 982 19 the the DT 39396 982 20 populations population NNS 39396 982 21 of of IN 39396 982 22 voles vole NNS 39396 982 23 reached reach VBD 39396 982 24 high high JJ 39396 982 25 levels level NNS 39396 982 26 . . . 39396 983 1 In in IN 39396 983 2 areas area NNS 39396 983 3 where where WRB 39396 983 4 the the DT 39396 983 5 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 983 6 approached approach VBD 39396 983 7 the the DT 39396 983 8 climax climax NN 39396 983 9 community community NN 39396 983 10 , , , 39396 983 11 the the DT 39396 983 12 densities density NNS 39396 983 13 of of IN 39396 983 14 voles vole NNS 39396 983 15 decreased decrease VBN 39396 983 16 from from IN 39396 983 17 the the DT 39396 983 18 levels level NNS 39396 983 19 supported support VBN 39396 983 20 by by IN 39396 983 21 the the DT 39396 983 22 immediately immediately RB 39396 983 23 preceding precede VBG 39396 983 24 seral seral JJ 39396 983 25 stages stage NNS 39396 983 26 . . . 39396 984 1 The the DT 39396 984 2 higher high JJR 39396 984 3 carrying carrying NN 39396 984 4 capacity capacity NN 39396 984 5 of of IN 39396 984 6 these these DT 39396 984 7 earlier early JJR 39396 984 8 seral seral JJ 39396 984 9 stages stage NNS 39396 984 10 was be VBD 39396 984 11 probably probably RB 39396 984 12 due due IN 39396 984 13 to to IN 39396 984 14 the the DT 39396 984 15 greater great JJR 39396 984 16 variety variety NN 39396 984 17 of of IN 39396 984 18 herbaceous herbaceous JJ 39396 984 19 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 984 20 which which WDT 39396 984 21 tended tend VBD 39396 984 22 to to TO 39396 984 23 maintain maintain VB 39396 984 24 a a DT 39396 984 25 more more RBR 39396 984 26 constant constant JJ 39396 984 27 supply supply NN 39396 984 28 of of IN 39396 984 29 young young JJ 39396 984 30 and and CC 39396 984 31 growing grow VBG 39396 984 32 parts part NNS 39396 984 33 of of IN 39396 984 34 plants plant NNS 39396 984 35 which which WDT 39396 984 36 were be VBD 39396 984 37 the the DT 39396 984 38 preferred preferred JJ 39396 984 39 food food NN 39396 984 40 of of IN 39396 984 41 voles vole NNS 39396 984 42 . . . 39396 985 1 Later later RB 39396 985 2 in in IN 39396 985 3 the the DT 39396 985 4 period period NN 39396 985 5 of of IN 39396 985 6 study study VB 39396 985 7 the the DT 39396 985 8 succession succession NN 39396 985 9 from from IN 39396 985 10 grasses grass NNS 39396 985 11 to to IN 39396 985 12 woody woody NN 39396 985 13 plants plant NNS 39396 985 14 on on IN 39396 985 15 parts part NNS 39396 985 16 of of IN 39396 985 17 the the DT 39396 985 18 study study NN 39396 985 19 areas area NNS 39396 985 20 also also RB 39396 985 21 affected affect VBD 39396 985 22 the the DT 39396 985 23 population population NN 39396 985 24 of of IN 39396 985 25 voles vole NNS 39396 985 26 . . . 39396 986 1 Not not RB 39396 986 2 only only RB 39396 986 3 did do VBD 39396 986 4 the the DT 39396 986 5 voles vole NNS 39396 986 6 withdraw withdraw VB 39396 986 7 from from IN 39396 986 8 the the DT 39396 986 9 advancing advance VBG 39396 986 10 edge edge NN 39396 986 11 of of IN 39396 986 12 the the DT 39396 986 13 forest forest NN 39396 986 14 , , , 39396 986 15 but but CC 39396 986 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 986 17 density density NN 39396 986 18 decreased decrease VBD 39396 986 19 in in IN 39396 986 20 the the DT 39396 986 21 meadows meadow NNS 39396 986 22 as as IN 39396 986 23 the the DT 39396 986 24 number number NN 39396 986 25 of of IN 39396 986 26 shrubs shrub NNS 39396 986 27 and and CC 39396 986 28 other other JJ 39396 986 29 woody woody NN 39396 986 30 plants plant NNS 39396 986 31 increased increase VBD 39396 986 32 . . . 39396 987 1 These these DT 39396 987 2 influences influence NNS 39396 987 3 of of IN 39396 987 4 the the DT 39396 987 5 succession succession NN 39396 987 6 of of IN 39396 987 7 plants plant NNS 39396 987 8 on on IN 39396 987 9 the the DT 39396 987 10 population population NN 39396 987 11 density density NN 39396 987 12 of of IN 39396 987 13 voles vole NNS 39396 987 14 were be VBD 39396 987 15 exerted exert VBN 39396 987 16 through through IN 39396 987 17 changes change NNS 39396 987 18 in in IN 39396 987 19 cover cover NN 39396 987 20 and and CC 39396 987 21 in in IN 39396 987 22 the the DT 39396 987 23 quality quality NN 39396 987 24 , , , 39396 987 25 as as RB 39396 987 26 well well RB 39396 987 27 as as IN 39396 987 28 the the DT 39396 987 29 quantity quantity NN 39396 987 30 , , , 39396 987 31 of of IN 39396 987 32 the the DT 39396 987 33 food food NN 39396 987 34 supply supply NN 39396 987 35 . . . 39396 988 1 Whenever whenever WRB 39396 988 2 voles vole NNS 39396 988 3 were be VBD 39396 988 4 in in IN 39396 988 5 competition competition NN 39396 988 6 with with IN 39396 988 7 cotton cotton NN 39396 988 8 rats rat NNS 39396 988 9 , , , 39396 988 10 there there EX 39396 988 11 was be VBD 39396 988 12 a a DT 39396 988 13 depression depression NN 39396 988 14 in in IN 39396 988 15 the the DT 39396 988 16 population population NN 39396 988 17 levels level NNS 39396 988 18 of of IN 39396 988 19 voles vole NNS 39396 988 20 . . . 39396 989 1 Primarily primarily RB 39396 989 2 , , , 39396 989 3 the the DT 39396 989 4 competition competition NN 39396 989 5 between between IN 39396 989 6 the the DT 39396 989 7 two two CD 39396 989 8 species specie NNS 39396 989 9 is be VBZ 39396 989 10 the the DT 39396 989 11 result result NN 39396 989 12 of of IN 39396 989 13 an an DT 39396 989 14 extensive extensive JJ 39396 989 15 coincidence coincidence NN 39396 989 16 of of IN 39396 989 17 food food NN 39396 989 18 habits habit NNS 39396 989 19 , , , 39396 989 20 but but CC 39396 989 21 competition competition NN 39396 989 22 for for IN 39396 989 23 space space NN 39396 989 24 , , , 39396 989 25 cover cover NN 39396 989 26 and and CC 39396 989 27 nesting nesting JJ 39396 989 28 material material NN 39396 989 29 is be VBZ 39396 989 30 also also RB 39396 989 31 present present JJ 39396 989 32 . . . 39396 990 1 There there EX 39396 990 2 was be VBD 39396 990 3 one one CD 39396 990 4 direct direct JJ 39396 990 5 coaction coaction NN 39396 990 6 between between IN 39396 990 7 these these DT 39396 990 8 two two CD 39396 990 9 species specie NNS 39396 990 10 observed observe VBN 39396 990 11 . . . 39396 991 1 Cotton cotton NN 39396 991 2 rats rat NNS 39396 991 3 , , , 39396 991 4 at at IN 39396 991 5 least least JJS 39396 991 6 occasionally occasionally RB 39396 991 7 , , , 39396 991 8 ate eat VBD 39396 991 9 voles vole NNS 39396 991 10 , , , 39396 991 11 especially especially RB 39396 991 12 young young JJ 39396 991 13 individuals individual NNS 39396 991 14 . . . 39396 992 1 In in IN 39396 992 2 extremely extremely RB 39396 992 3 wet wet JJ 39396 992 4 weather weather NN 39396 992 5 , , , 39396 992 6 as as IN 39396 992 7 in in IN 39396 992 8 the the DT 39396 992 9 summer summer NN 39396 992 10 of of IN 39396 992 11 1951 1951 CD 39396 992 12 , , , 39396 992 13 the the DT 39396 992 14 high high JJ 39396 992 15 survival survival NN 39396 992 16 rate rate NN 39396 992 17 of of IN 39396 992 18 newborn newborn JJ 39396 992 19 cotton cotton NN 39396 992 20 rats rat NNS 39396 992 21 resulted result VBD 39396 992 22 in in IN 39396 992 23 an an DT 39396 992 24 increase increase NN 39396 992 25 in in IN 39396 992 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 992 27 detrimental detrimental JJ 39396 992 28 effect effect NN 39396 992 29 on on IN 39396 992 30 the the DT 39396 992 31 population population NN 39396 992 32 of of IN 39396 992 33 voles vole NNS 39396 992 34 . . . 39396 993 1 However however RB 39396 993 2 , , , 39396 993 3 cotton cotton NN 39396 993 4 rats rat NNS 39396 993 5 proved prove VBN 39396 993 6 to to TO 39396 993 7 be be VB 39396 993 8 less less RBR 39396 993 9 well well RB 39396 993 10 adapted adapt VBN 39396 993 11 to to IN 39396 993 12 severe severe JJ 39396 993 13 cold cold NN 39396 993 14 or or CC 39396 993 15 drought drought NN 39396 993 16 than than IN 39396 993 17 were be VBD 39396 993 18 voles vole NNS 39396 993 19 . . . 39396 994 1 Heavy heavy JJ 39396 994 2 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 994 3 reduced reduce VBD 39396 994 4 the the DT 39396 994 5 densities density NNS 39396 994 6 of of IN 39396 994 7 populations population NNS 39396 994 8 of of IN 39396 994 9 voles vole NNS 39396 994 10 by by IN 39396 994 11 killing kill VBG 39396 994 12 a a DT 39396 994 13 large large JJ 39396 994 14 percentage percentage NN 39396 994 15 of of IN 39396 994 16 juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 994 17 . . . 39396 995 1 During during IN 39396 995 2 the the DT 39396 995 3 summer summer NN 39396 995 4 of of IN 39396 995 5 1951 1951 CD 39396 995 6 the the DT 39396 995 7 competition competition NN 39396 995 8 of of IN 39396 995 9 cotton cotton NN 39396 995 10 rats rat NNS 39396 995 11 further further RB 39396 995 12 depressed depress VBD 39396 995 13 the the DT 39396 995 14 population population NN 39396 995 15 level level NN 39396 995 16 of of IN 39396 995 17 the the DT 39396 995 18 voles vole NNS 39396 995 19 , , , 39396 995 20 but but CC 39396 995 21 the the DT 39396 995 22 relative relative JJ 39396 995 23 importance importance NN 39396 995 24 of of IN 39396 995 25 competition competition NN 39396 995 26 with with IN 39396 995 27 cotton cotton NN 39396 995 28 rats rat NNS 39396 995 29 and and CC 39396 995 30 superabundant superabundant JJ 39396 995 31 moisture moisture NN 39396 995 32 in in IN 39396 995 33 effecting effect VBG 39396 995 34 the the DT 39396 995 35 observed observed JJ 39396 995 36 reduction reduction NN 39396 995 37 in in IN 39396 995 38 population population NN 39396 995 39 density density NN 39396 995 40 is be VBZ 39396 995 41 difficult difficult JJ 39396 995 42 to to TO 39396 995 43 judge judge VB 39396 995 44 . . . 39396 996 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 39396 996 2 most most JJS 39396 996 3 of of IN 39396 996 4 the the DT 39396 996 5 decrease decrease NN 39396 996 6 in in IN 39396 996 7 population population NN 39396 996 8 which which WDT 39396 996 9 followed follow VBD 39396 996 10 the the DT 39396 996 11 heavy heavy JJ 39396 996 12 rains rain NNS 39396 996 13 was be VBD 39396 996 14 due due JJ 39396 996 15 to to IN 39396 996 16 competition competition NN 39396 996 17 rather rather RB 39396 996 18 than than IN 39396 996 19 to to TO 39396 996 20 weather weather VB 39396 996 21 . . . 39396 997 1 Subnormal subnormal JJ 39396 997 2 rainfall rainfall NN 39396 997 3 , , , 39396 997 4 as as IN 39396 997 5 in in IN 39396 997 6 1952 1952 CD 39396 997 7 , , , 39396 997 8 reduced reduce VBD 39396 997 9 the the DT 39396 997 10 population population NN 39396 997 11 of of IN 39396 997 12 voles vole NNS 39396 997 13 by by IN 39396 997 14 inhibiting inhibit VBG 39396 997 15 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 997 16 . . . 39396 998 1 Presumably presumably RB 39396 998 2 because because IN 39396 998 3 of of IN 39396 998 4 an an DT 39396 998 5 altered altered JJ 39396 998 6 food food NN 39396 998 7 supply supply NN 39396 998 8 , , , 39396 998 9 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 998 10 almost almost RB 39396 998 11 ceased cease VBD 39396 998 12 during during IN 39396 998 13 the the DT 39396 998 14 drought drought NN 39396 998 15 . . . 39396 999 1 Utilization utilization NN 39396 999 2 of of IN 39396 999 3 the the DT 39396 999 4 habitat habitat NN 39396 999 5 was be VBD 39396 999 6 further further RB 39396 999 7 reduced reduce VBN 39396 999 8 in in IN 39396 999 9 the the DT 39396 999 10 summer summer NN 39396 999 11 of of IN 39396 999 12 1952 1952 CD 39396 999 13 because because IN 39396 999 14 the the DT 39396 999 15 voles vole NNS 39396 999 16 did do VBD 39396 999 17 not not RB 39396 999 18 grow grow VB 39396 999 19 so so RB 39396 999 20 large large JJ 39396 999 21 as as IN 39396 999 22 they -PRON- PRP 39396 999 23 otherwise otherwise RB 39396 999 24 did do VBD 39396 999 25 . . . 39396 1000 1 Predation predation NN 39396 1000 2 , , , 39396 1000 3 as as IN 39396 1000 4 a a DT 39396 1000 5 general general JJ 39396 1000 6 rule rule NN 39396 1000 7 , , , 39396 1000 8 does do VBZ 39396 1000 9 not not RB 39396 1000 10 significantly significantly RB 39396 1000 11 affect affect VB 39396 1000 12 densities density NNS 39396 1000 13 of of IN 39396 1000 14 populations population NNS 39396 1000 15 , , , 39396 1000 16 but but CC 39396 1000 17 large large JJ 39396 1000 18 numbers number NNS 39396 1000 19 of of IN 39396 1000 20 predators predator NNS 39396 1000 21 concentrating concentrate VBG 39396 1000 22 on on IN 39396 1000 23 small small JJ 39396 1000 24 areas area NNS 39396 1000 25 may may MD 39396 1000 26 rapidly rapidly RB 39396 1000 27 reduce reduce VB 39396 1000 28 the the DT 39396 1000 29 numbers number NNS 39396 1000 30 of of IN 39396 1000 31 prey prey NN 39396 1000 32 animals animal NNS 39396 1000 33 . . . 39396 1001 1 In in IN 39396 1001 2 the the DT 39396 1001 3 course course NN 39396 1001 4 of of IN 39396 1001 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1001 6 study study NN 39396 1001 7 , , , 39396 1001 8 such such PDT 39396 1001 9 a a DT 39396 1001 10 situation situation NN 39396 1001 11 occurred occur VBD 39396 1001 12 but but CC 39396 1001 13 once once RB 39396 1001 14 , , , 39396 1001 15 when when WRB 39396 1001 16 a a DT 39396 1001 17 group group NN 39396 1001 18 of of IN 39396 1001 19 long long RB 39396 1001 20 - - HYPH 39396 1001 21 eared eared JJ 39396 1001 22 owls owl NNS 39396 1001 23 roosted roost VBN 39396 1001 24 in in IN 39396 1001 25 the the DT 39396 1001 26 woods wood NNS 39396 1001 27 adjacent adjacent JJ 39396 1001 28 to to IN 39396 1001 29 Quarry Quarry NNP 39396 1001 30 Field Field NNP 39396 1001 31 . . . 39396 1002 1 The the DT 39396 1002 2 population population NN 39396 1002 3 of of IN 39396 1002 4 voles vole NNS 39396 1002 5 in in IN 39396 1002 6 that that DT 39396 1002 7 area area NN 39396 1002 8 was be VBD 39396 1002 9 probably probably RB 39396 1002 10 reduced reduce VBN 39396 1002 11 somewhat somewhat RB 39396 1002 12 as as IN 39396 1002 13 a a DT 39396 1002 14 result result NN 39396 1002 15 of of IN 39396 1002 16 predation predation NN 39396 1002 17 by by IN 39396 1002 18 owls owl NNS 39396 1002 19 . . . 39396 1003 1 Population population NN 39396 1003 2 trends trend NNS 39396 1003 3 in in IN 39396 1003 4 either either DT 39396 1003 5 direction direction NN 39396 1003 6 may may MD 39396 1003 7 be be VB 39396 1003 8 reversed reverse VBN 39396 1003 9 suddenly suddenly RB 39396 1003 10 by by IN 39396 1003 11 changes change NNS 39396 1003 12 in in IN 39396 1003 13 the the DT 39396 1003 14 factors factor NNS 39396 1003 15 discussed discuss VBN 39396 1003 16 above above RB 39396 1003 17 . . . 39396 1004 1 In in IN 39396 1004 2 the the DT 39396 1004 3 fall fall NN 39396 1004 4 of of IN 39396 1004 5 1951 1951 CD 39396 1004 6 , , , 39396 1004 7 a a DT 39396 1004 8 downward downward JJ 39396 1004 9 trend trend NN 39396 1004 10 in in IN 39396 1004 11 the the DT 39396 1004 12 density density NN 39396 1004 13 of of IN 39396 1004 14 the the DT 39396 1004 15 voles vole NNS 39396 1004 16 was be VBD 39396 1004 17 evident evident JJ 39396 1004 18 . . . 39396 1005 1 At at IN 39396 1005 2 this this DT 39396 1005 3 time time NN 39396 1005 4 , , , 39396 1005 5 populations population NNS 39396 1005 6 of of IN 39396 1005 7 cotton cotton NN 39396 1005 8 rats rat NNS 39396 1005 9 were be VBD 39396 1005 10 increasing increase VBG 39396 1005 11 rapidly rapidly RB 39396 1005 12 and and CC 39396 1005 13 competition competition NN 39396 1005 14 between between IN 39396 1005 15 cotton cotton NN 39396 1005 16 rats rat NNS 39396 1005 17 and and CC 39396 1005 18 voles vole NNS 39396 1005 19 was be VBD 39396 1005 20 intensified intensify VBN 39396 1005 21 . . . 39396 1006 1 In in IN 39396 1006 2 February February NNP 39396 1006 3 , , , 39396 1006 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1006 5 , , , 39396 1006 6 the the DT 39396 1006 7 population population NN 39396 1006 8 of of IN 39396 1006 9 cotton cotton NN 39396 1006 10 rats rat NNS 39396 1006 11 was be VBD 39396 1006 12 decimated decimate VBN 39396 1006 13 suddenly suddenly RB 39396 1006 14 by by IN 39396 1006 15 a a DT 39396 1006 16 short short JJ 39396 1006 17 period period NN 39396 1006 18 of of IN 39396 1006 19 unusually unusually RB 39396 1006 20 cold cold JJ 39396 1006 21 weather weather NN 39396 1006 22 . . . 39396 1007 1 The the DT 39396 1007 2 voles vole NNS 39396 1007 3 were be VBD 39396 1007 4 suddenly suddenly RB 39396 1007 5 freed free VBN 39396 1007 6 from from IN 39396 1007 7 the the DT 39396 1007 8 stress stress NN 39396 1007 9 of of IN 39396 1007 10 competition competition NN 39396 1007 11 and and CC 39396 1007 12 the the DT 39396 1007 13 population population NN 39396 1007 14 immediately immediately RB 39396 1007 15 began begin VBD 39396 1007 16 to to TO 39396 1007 17 rise rise VB 39396 1007 18 . . . 39396 1008 1 The the DT 39396 1008 2 upward upward JJ 39396 1008 3 trend trend NN 39396 1008 4 began begin VBD 39396 1008 5 prior prior RB 39396 1008 6 to to IN 39396 1008 7 the the DT 39396 1008 8 annual annual JJ 39396 1008 9 spring spring NN 39396 1008 10 increase increase NN 39396 1008 11 and and CC 39396 1008 12 was be VBD 39396 1008 13 subsequently subsequently RB 39396 1008 14 reinforced reinforce VBN 39396 1008 15 by by IN 39396 1008 16 it -PRON- PRP 39396 1008 17 . . . 39396 1009 1 In in IN 39396 1009 2 the the DT 39396 1009 3 last last JJ 39396 1009 4 part part NN 39396 1009 5 of of IN 39396 1009 6 May May NNP 39396 1009 7 , , , 39396 1009 8 1952 1952 CD 39396 1009 9 , , , 39396 1009 10 the the DT 39396 1009 11 upward upward JJ 39396 1009 12 trend trend NN 39396 1009 13 of of IN 39396 1009 14 the the DT 39396 1009 15 population population NN 39396 1009 16 was be VBD 39396 1009 17 reversed reverse VBN 39396 1009 18 , , , 39396 1009 19 as as IN 39396 1009 20 the the DT 39396 1009 21 drought drought NN 39396 1009 22 became become VBD 39396 1009 23 severe severe JJ 39396 1009 24 , , , 39396 1009 25 and and CC 39396 1009 26 the the DT 39396 1009 27 density density NN 39396 1009 28 of of IN 39396 1009 29 the the DT 39396 1009 30 population population NN 39396 1009 31 decreased decrease VBD 39396 1009 32 rapidly rapidly RB 39396 1009 33 . . . 39396 1010 1 This this DT 39396 1010 2 drop drop NN 39396 1010 3 was be VBD 39396 1010 4 too too RB 39396 1010 5 sudden sudden JJ 39396 1010 6 and and CC 39396 1010 7 too too RB 39396 1010 8 extreme extreme JJ 39396 1010 9 to to TO 39396 1010 10 be be VB 39396 1010 11 only only RB 39396 1010 12 the the DT 39396 1010 13 normal normal JJ 39396 1010 14 summer summer NN 39396 1010 15 slump slump NN 39396 1010 16 . . . 39396 1011 1 The the DT 39396 1011 2 relatively relatively RB 39396 1011 3 rapid rapid JJ 39396 1011 4 response response NN 39396 1011 5 of of IN 39396 1011 6 voles vole NNS 39396 1011 7 to to IN 39396 1011 8 a a DT 39396 1011 9 heavy heavy JJ 39396 1011 10 rain rain NN 39396 1011 11 after after IN 39396 1011 12 a a DT 39396 1011 13 dry dry JJ 39396 1011 14 period period NN 39396 1011 15 , , , 39396 1011 16 first first RB 39396 1011 17 by by IN 39396 1011 18 increased increase VBN 39396 1011 19 breeding breeding NN 39396 1011 20 and and CC 39396 1011 21 later later RB 39396 1011 22 by by IN 39396 1011 23 increases increase NNS 39396 1011 24 in in IN 39396 1011 25 density density NN 39396 1011 26 , , , 39396 1011 27 is be VBZ 39396 1011 28 one one CD 39396 1011 29 more more JJR 39396 1011 30 example example NN 39396 1011 31 of of IN 39396 1011 32 abrupt abrupt JJ 39396 1011 33 changes change NNS 39396 1011 34 in in IN 39396 1011 35 population population NN 39396 1011 36 trends trend NNS 39396 1011 37 caused cause VBN 39396 1011 38 by by IN 39396 1011 39 altered altered JJ 39396 1011 40 environmental environmental JJ 39396 1011 41 conditions condition NNS 39396 1011 42 . . . 39396 1012 1 In in IN 39396 1012 2 the the DT 39396 1012 3 population population NN 39396 1012 4 changes change NNS 39396 1012 5 that that WDT 39396 1012 6 I -PRON- PRP 39396 1012 7 observed observe VBD 39396 1012 8 , , , 39396 1012 9 no no DT 39396 1012 10 evident evident JJ 39396 1012 11 " " `` 39396 1012 12 die die VB 39396 1012 13 - - HYPH 39396 1012 14 off off NN 39396 1012 15 " " '' 39396 1012 16 of of IN 39396 1012 17 adults adult NNS 39396 1012 18 accompanied accompany VBN 39396 1012 19 even even RB 39396 1012 20 the the DT 39396 1012 21 most most RBS 39396 1012 22 drastic drastic JJ 39396 1012 23 reductions reduction NNS 39396 1012 24 in in IN 39396 1012 25 population population NN 39396 1012 26 density density NN 39396 1012 27 . . . 39396 1013 1 The the DT 39396 1013 2 causative causative JJ 39396 1013 3 factor factor NN 39396 1013 4 directly directly RB 39396 1013 5 influences influence VBZ 39396 1013 6 the the DT 39396 1013 7 population population NN 39396 1013 8 either either CC 39396 1013 9 by by IN 39396 1013 10 inhibiting inhibit VBG 39396 1013 11 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 1013 12 or or CC 39396 1013 13 by by IN 39396 1013 14 increasing increase VBG 39396 1013 15 infant infant NN 39396 1013 16 and and CC 39396 1013 17 prenatal prenatal JJ 39396 1013 18 mortality mortality NN 39396 1013 19 . . . 39396 1014 1 The the DT 39396 1014 2 net net JJ 39396 1014 3 reduction reduction NN 39396 1014 4 is be VBZ 39396 1014 5 due due JJ 39396 1014 6 to to IN 39396 1014 7 an an DT 39396 1014 8 inadequate inadequate JJ 39396 1014 9 replacement replacement NN 39396 1014 10 of of IN 39396 1014 11 those those DT 39396 1014 12 voles vole NNS 39396 1014 13 lost lose VBN 39396 1014 14 by by IN 39396 1014 15 normal normal JJ 39396 1014 16 attrition attrition NN 39396 1014 17 . . . 39396 1015 1 Most Most JJS 39396 1015 2 voles vole NNS 39396 1015 3 , , , 39396 1015 4 under under IN 39396 1015 5 natural natural JJ 39396 1015 6 conditions condition NNS 39396 1015 7 , , , 39396 1015 8 live live VBP 39396 1015 9 less less JJR 39396 1015 10 than than IN 39396 1015 11 one one CD 39396 1015 12 year year NN 39396 1015 13 . . . 39396 1016 1 Those those DT 39396 1016 2 individuals individual NNS 39396 1016 3 born bear VBN 39396 1016 4 in in IN 39396 1016 5 the the DT 39396 1016 6 autumn autumn NN 39396 1016 7 live live VBP 39396 1016 8 longer long RBR 39396 1016 9 , , , 39396 1016 10 as as IN 39396 1016 11 a a DT 39396 1016 12 group group NN 39396 1016 13 , , , 39396 1016 14 than than IN 39396 1016 15 those those DT 39396 1016 16 born bear VBN 39396 1016 17 at at IN 39396 1016 18 any any DT 39396 1016 19 other other JJ 39396 1016 20 time time NN 39396 1016 21 . . . 39396 1017 1 Since since IN 39396 1017 2 the the DT 39396 1017 3 heaviest heavy JJS 39396 1017 4 mortality mortality NN 39396 1017 5 is be VBZ 39396 1017 6 in in IN 39396 1017 7 young young JJ 39396 1017 8 voles vole NNS 39396 1017 9 , , , 39396 1017 10 adults adult NNS 39396 1017 11 which which WDT 39396 1017 12 become become VBP 39396 1017 13 established establish VBN 39396 1017 14 in in IN 39396 1017 15 an an DT 39396 1017 16 area area NN 39396 1017 17 may may MD 39396 1017 18 live live VB 39396 1017 19 more more JJR 39396 1017 20 than than IN 39396 1017 21 18 18 CD 39396 1017 22 months month NNS 39396 1017 23 and and CC 39396 1017 24 , , , 39396 1017 25 if if IN 39396 1017 26 they -PRON- PRP 39396 1017 27 are be VBP 39396 1017 28 females female NNS 39396 1017 29 , , , 39396 1017 30 may may MD 39396 1017 31 produce produce VB 39396 1017 32 more more JJR 39396 1017 33 than than IN 39396 1017 34 a a DT 39396 1017 35 dozen dozen NN 39396 1017 36 litters litter NNS 39396 1017 37 . . . 39396 1018 1 No no DT 39396 1018 2 decrease decrease NN 39396 1018 3 in in IN 39396 1018 4 vigor vigor NN 39396 1018 5 and and CC 39396 1018 6 fertility fertility NN 39396 1018 7 was be VBD 39396 1018 8 found find VBN 39396 1018 9 to to TO 39396 1018 10 accompany accompany VB 39396 1018 11 aging age VBG 39396 1018 12 . . . 39396 1019 1 A a DT 39396 1019 2 relationship relationship NN 39396 1019 3 between between IN 39396 1019 4 the the DT 39396 1019 5 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 1019 6 length length NN 39396 1019 7 of of IN 39396 1019 8 the the DT 39396 1019 9 skull skull NN 39396 1019 10 and and CC 39396 1019 11 the the DT 39396 1019 12 age age NN 39396 1019 13 of of IN 39396 1019 14 a a DT 39396 1019 15 vole vole NN 39396 1019 16 was be VBD 39396 1019 17 discovered discover VBN 39396 1019 18 and and CC 39396 1019 19 , , , 39396 1019 20 with with IN 39396 1019 21 further further JJ 39396 1019 22 study study NN 39396 1019 23 , , , 39396 1019 24 may may MD 39396 1019 25 yield yield VB 39396 1019 26 a a DT 39396 1019 27 method method NN 39396 1019 28 of of IN 39396 1019 29 aging age VBG 39396 1019 30 voles vole NNS 39396 1019 31 more more RBR 39396 1019 32 accurately accurately RB 39396 1019 33 than than IN 39396 1019 34 has have VBZ 39396 1019 35 been be VBN 39396 1019 36 possible possible JJ 39396 1019 37 heretofore heretofore RB 39396 1019 38 . . . 39396 1020 1 Other other JJ 39396 1020 2 characteristics characteristic NNS 39396 1020 3 , , , 39396 1020 4 varying vary VBG 39396 1020 5 with with IN 39396 1020 6 age age NN 39396 1020 7 , , , 39396 1020 8 were be VBD 39396 1020 9 described describe VBN 39396 1020 10 . . . 39396 1021 1 The the DT 39396 1021 2 most most RBS 39396 1021 3 reliable reliable JJ 39396 1021 4 indicator indicator NN 39396 1021 5 of of IN 39396 1021 6 age age NN 39396 1021 7 seemed seem VBD 39396 1021 8 to to TO 39396 1021 9 be be VB 39396 1021 10 the the DT 39396 1021 11 prominence prominence NN 39396 1021 12 of of IN 39396 1021 13 the the DT 39396 1021 14 temporal temporal JJ 39396 1021 15 ridges ridge NNS 39396 1021 16 . . . 39396 1022 1 Runway runway NN 39396 1022 2 systems system NNS 39396 1022 3 and and CC 39396 1022 4 burrows burrow NNS 39396 1022 5 are be VBP 39396 1022 6 used use VBN 39396 1022 7 by by IN 39396 1022 8 groups group NNS 39396 1022 9 of of IN 39396 1022 10 voles vole NNS 39396 1022 11 rather rather RB 39396 1022 12 than than IN 39396 1022 13 by by IN 39396 1022 14 individuals individual NNS 39396 1022 15 . . . 39396 1023 1 Most Most JJS 39396 1023 2 of of IN 39396 1023 3 the the DT 39396 1023 4 activity activity NN 39396 1023 5 of of IN 39396 1023 6 voles vole NNS 39396 1023 7 is be VBZ 39396 1023 8 confined confine VBN 39396 1023 9 to to IN 39396 1023 10 these these DT 39396 1023 11 runways runway NNS 39396 1023 12 and and CC 39396 1023 13 an an DT 39396 1023 14 exposed expose VBN 39396 1023 15 individual individual NN 39396 1023 16 is be VBZ 39396 1023 17 seldom seldom RB 39396 1023 18 seen see VBN 39396 1023 19 . . . 39396 1024 1 A a DT 39396 1024 2 home home NN 39396 1024 3 range range NN 39396 1024 4 may may MD 39396 1024 5 include include VB 39396 1024 6 several several JJ 39396 1024 7 runway runway NN 39396 1024 8 systems system NNS 39396 1024 9 , , , 39396 1024 10 and and CC 39396 1024 11 the the DT 39396 1024 12 ranges range NNS 39396 1024 13 of of IN 39396 1024 14 individuals individual NNS 39396 1024 15 overlap overlap VBP 39396 1024 16 extensively extensively RB 39396 1024 17 . . . 39396 1025 1 Both both DT 39396 1025 2 home home NN 39396 1025 3 ranges range NNS 39396 1025 4 and and CC 39396 1025 5 patterns pattern NNS 39396 1025 6 of of IN 39396 1025 7 runway runway NN 39396 1025 8 systems system NNS 39396 1025 9 change change VBP 39396 1025 10 constantly constantly RB 39396 1025 11 . . . 39396 1026 1 Runways runway NNS 39396 1026 2 seem seem VBP 39396 1026 3 to to TO 39396 1026 4 be be VB 39396 1026 5 primarily primarily RB 39396 1026 6 feeding feed VBG 39396 1026 7 trails trail NNS 39396 1026 8 , , , 39396 1026 9 and and CC 39396 1026 10 are be VBP 39396 1026 11 extended extend VBN 39396 1026 12 or or CC 39396 1026 13 abandoned abandon VBN 39396 1026 14 as as IN 39396 1026 15 the the DT 39396 1026 16 voles vole NNS 39396 1026 17 change change VBP 39396 1026 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1026 19 feeding feeding NN 39396 1026 20 habits habit NNS 39396 1026 21 . . . 39396 1027 1 Groups group NNS 39396 1027 2 of of IN 39396 1027 3 adult adult NN 39396 1027 4 voles vole NNS 39396 1027 5 using use VBG 39396 1027 6 a a DT 39396 1027 7 system system NN 39396 1027 8 of of IN 39396 1027 9 runways runway NNS 39396 1027 10 seem seem VBP 39396 1027 11 to to TO 39396 1027 12 have have VB 39396 1027 13 no no DT 39396 1027 14 special special JJ 39396 1027 15 relationship relationship NN 39396 1027 16 . . . 39396 1028 1 Juveniles juvenile NNS 39396 1028 2 tend tend VBP 39396 1028 3 to to TO 39396 1028 4 stay stay VB 39396 1028 5 near near IN 39396 1028 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1028 7 mothers mother NNS 39396 1028 8 , , , 39396 1028 9 but but CC 39396 1028 10 as as IN 39396 1028 11 they -PRON- PRP 39396 1028 12 mature mature VBP 39396 1028 13 , , , 39396 1028 14 they -PRON- PRP 39396 1028 15 shift shift VBP 39396 1028 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1028 17 ranges range NNS 39396 1028 18 and and CC 39396 1028 19 are be VBP 39396 1028 20 replaced replace VBN 39396 1028 21 by by IN 39396 1028 22 other other JJ 39396 1028 23 individuals individual NNS 39396 1028 24 . . . 39396 1029 1 Males male NNS 39396 1029 2 wander wander VBP 39396 1029 3 more more JJR 39396 1029 4 than than IN 39396 1029 5 females female NNS 39396 1029 6 , , , 39396 1029 7 and and CC 39396 1029 8 shift shift VB 39396 1029 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1029 10 ranges range NNS 39396 1029 11 more more RBR 39396 1029 12 often often RB 39396 1029 13 . . . 39396 1030 1 No no DT 39396 1030 2 intolerance intolerance NN 39396 1030 3 of of IN 39396 1030 4 other other JJ 39396 1030 5 voles vole NNS 39396 1030 6 exists exist VBZ 39396 1030 7 and and CC 39396 1030 8 , , , 39396 1030 9 in in IN 39396 1030 10 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 1030 11 cages cage NNS 39396 1030 12 , , , 39396 1030 13 groups group NNS 39396 1030 14 of of IN 39396 1030 15 voles vole NNS 39396 1030 16 lived live VBN 39396 1030 17 together together RB 39396 1030 18 peaceably peaceably RB 39396 1030 19 from from IN 39396 1030 20 the the DT 39396 1030 21 time time NN 39396 1030 22 they -PRON- PRP 39396 1030 23 are be VBP 39396 1030 24 placed place VBN 39396 1030 25 together together RB 39396 1030 26 . . . 39396 1031 1 Crowding crowding NN 39396 1031 2 does do VBZ 39396 1031 3 not not RB 39396 1031 4 seem seem VB 39396 1031 5 to to TO 39396 1031 6 be be VB 39396 1031 7 harmful harmful JJ 39396 1031 8 directly directly RB 39396 1031 9 , , , 39396 1031 10 therefore therefore RB 39396 1031 11 , , , 39396 1031 12 and and CC 39396 1031 13 high high JJ 39396 1031 14 densities density NNS 39396 1031 15 will will MD 39396 1031 16 develop develop VB 39396 1031 17 if if IN 39396 1031 18 food food NN 39396 1031 19 and and CC 39396 1031 20 cover cover VB 39396 1031 21 resources resource NNS 39396 1031 22 permit permit NN 39396 1031 23 . . . 39396 1032 1 As as IN 39396 1032 2 a a DT 39396 1032 3 prey prey NN 39396 1032 4 item item NN 39396 1032 5 , , , 39396 1032 6 the the DT 39396 1032 7 prairie prairie NNP 39396 1032 8 vole vole NNP 39396 1032 9 proved prove VBD 39396 1032 10 to to TO 39396 1032 11 be be VB 39396 1032 12 an an DT 39396 1032 13 important important JJ 39396 1032 14 part part NN 39396 1032 15 of of IN 39396 1032 16 the the DT 39396 1032 17 biota biota NN 39396 1032 18 of of IN 39396 1032 19 the the DT 39396 1032 20 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 1032 21 . . . 39396 1033 1 It -PRON- PRP 39396 1033 2 was be VBD 39396 1033 3 eaten eat VBN 39396 1033 4 frequently frequently RB 39396 1033 5 by by IN 39396 1033 6 almost almost RB 39396 1033 7 all all DT 39396 1033 8 of of IN 39396 1033 9 the the DT 39396 1033 10 larger large JJR 39396 1033 11 vertebrate vertebrate NN 39396 1033 12 predators predator NNS 39396 1033 13 on on IN 39396 1033 14 the the DT 39396 1033 15 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 1033 16 and and CC 39396 1033 17 was be VBD 39396 1033 18 , , , 39396 1033 19 seemingly seemingly RB 39396 1033 20 , , , 39396 1033 21 the the DT 39396 1033 22 most most RBS 39396 1033 23 important important JJ 39396 1033 24 food food NN 39396 1033 25 item item NN 39396 1033 26 of of IN 39396 1033 27 the the DT 39396 1033 28 long long RB 39396 1033 29 - - HYPH 39396 1033 30 eared eared JJ 39396 1033 31 owl owl NN 39396 1033 32 . . . 39396 1034 1 The the DT 39396 1034 2 ability ability NN 39396 1034 3 of of IN 39396 1034 4 the the DT 39396 1034 5 prairie prairie NNP 39396 1034 6 vole vole NNP 39396 1034 7 to to TO 39396 1034 8 maintain maintain VB 39396 1034 9 high high JJ 39396 1034 10 levels level NNS 39396 1034 11 of of IN 39396 1034 12 population population NN 39396 1034 13 over over IN 39396 1034 14 relatively relatively RB 39396 1034 15 broad broad JJ 39396 1034 16 areas area NNS 39396 1034 17 enhances enhance VBZ 39396 1034 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1034 19 value value NN 39396 1034 20 as as IN 39396 1034 21 a a DT 39396 1034 22 prey prey NN 39396 1034 23 species species NN 39396 1034 24 . . . 39396 1035 1 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 39396 1035 2 CITED cite VBD 39396 1035 3 ALBERTSON ALBERTSON NNP 39396 1035 4 , , , 39396 1035 5 F. F. NNP 39396 1035 6 W. W. NNP 39396 1035 7 1937 1937 CD 39396 1035 8 . . . 39396 1036 1 Ecology ecology NN 39396 1036 2 of of IN 39396 1036 3 a a DT 39396 1036 4 mixed mixed JJ 39396 1036 5 prairie prairie NN 39396 1036 6 in in IN 39396 1036 7 west west JJ 39396 1036 8 - - HYPH 39396 1036 9 central central JJ 39396 1036 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1036 11 . . . 39396 1037 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1037 2 . . . 39396 1038 1 Monog Monog NNP 39396 1038 2 . . NNP 39396 1038 3 , , , 39396 1038 4 7:481 7:481 CD 39396 1038 5 - - SYM 39396 1038 6 547 547 CD 39396 1038 7 . . . 39396 1039 1 BAILEY BAILEY NNP 39396 1039 2 , , , 39396 1039 3 V. V. NNP 39396 1039 4 1902 1902 CD 39396 1039 5 . . . 39396 1040 1 Synopsis synopsis NN 39396 1040 2 of of IN 39396 1040 3 the the DT 39396 1040 4 North north JJ 39396 1040 5 American american JJ 39396 1040 6 species specie NNS 39396 1040 7 of of IN 39396 1040 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1040 9 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 1040 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1040 11 . . . 39396 1041 1 Proc Proc NNP 39396 1041 2 . . . 39396 1042 1 Biol Biol NNP 39396 1042 2 . . . 39396 1043 1 Soc Soc NNP 39396 1043 2 . . . 39396 1044 1 Washington Washington NNP 39396 1044 2 , , , 39396 1044 3 15:101 15:101 CD 39396 1044 4 - - SYM 39396 1044 5 116 116 CD 39396 1044 6 . . . 39396 1045 1 1924 1924 CD 39396 1045 2 . . . 39396 1046 1 Breeding breeding NN 39396 1046 2 , , , 39396 1046 3 feeding feeding NN 39396 1046 4 and and CC 39396 1046 5 other other JJ 39396 1046 6 life life NN 39396 1046 7 habits habit NNS 39396 1046 8 of of IN 39396 1046 9 meadow meadow NN 39396 1046 10 mice mouse NNS 39396 1046 11 . . . 39396 1047 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1047 2 . . . 39396 1048 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1048 2 . . . 39396 1049 1 Res Res NNP 39396 1049 2 . . NNP 39396 1049 3 , , , 39396 1049 4 27:523 27:523 CD 39396 1049 5 - - SYM 39396 1049 6 536 536 CD 39396 1049 7 . . . 39396 1050 1 BAKER BAKER NNP 39396 1050 2 , , , 39396 1050 3 J. J. NNP 39396 1050 4 R. R. NNP 39396 1050 5 , , , 39396 1050 6 and and CC 39396 1050 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1050 8 M. M. NNP 39396 1050 9 RANSOM RANSOM NNP 39396 1050 10 . . . 39396 1051 1 1932a 1932a CD 39396 1051 2 . . . 39396 1052 1 Factors factor NNS 39396 1052 2 affecting affect VBG 39396 1052 3 the the DT 39396 1052 4 breeding breeding NN 39396 1052 5 of of IN 39396 1052 6 the the DT 39396 1052 7 field field NN 39396 1052 8 mouse mouse NN 39396 1052 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1052 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1052 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1052 12 agrestis agrestis NN 39396 1052 13 _ _ NNP 39396 1052 14 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1052 15 . . . 39396 1053 1 Part part NN 39396 1053 2 I. I. NNP 39396 1054 1 Light light NN 39396 1054 2 . . . 39396 1055 1 Proc Proc NNP 39396 1055 2 . . . 39396 1056 1 Roy Roy NNP 39396 1056 2 . . . 39396 1057 1 Soc Soc NNP 39396 1057 2 . . . 39396 1058 1 London London NNP 39396 1058 2 , , , 39396 1058 3 Series Series NNP 39396 1058 4 B B NNP 39396 1058 5 , , , 39396 1058 6 110:313 110:313 CD 39396 1058 7 - - SYM 39396 1058 8 322 322 CD 39396 1058 9 . . . 39396 1059 1 1932b 1932b CD 39396 1059 2 . . . 39396 1060 1 Factors factor NNS 39396 1060 2 affecting affect VBG 39396 1060 3 the the DT 39396 1060 4 breeding breeding NN 39396 1060 5 of of IN 39396 1060 6 the the DT 39396 1060 7 field field NN 39396 1060 8 mouse mouse NN 39396 1060 9 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1060 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1060 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1060 12 agrestis agrestis NN 39396 1060 13 _ _ NNP 39396 1060 14 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1060 15 . . . 39396 1061 1 Part Part NNP 39396 1061 2 II II NNP 39396 1061 3 . . . 39396 1062 1 Temperature temperature NN 39396 1062 2 . . . 39396 1063 1 Proc Proc NNP 39396 1063 2 . . . 39396 1064 1 Roy Roy NNP 39396 1064 2 . . . 39396 1065 1 Soc Soc NNP 39396 1065 2 . . . 39396 1066 1 London London NNP 39396 1066 2 , , , 39396 1066 3 Series Series NNP 39396 1066 4 B B NNP 39396 1066 5 , , , 39396 1066 6 112:39 112:39 CD 39396 1066 7 - - SYM 39396 1066 8 46 46 CD 39396 1066 9 . . . 39396 1067 1 BLACK BLACK NNP 39396 1067 2 , , , 39396 1067 3 T. T. NNP 39396 1067 4 D. D. NNP 39396 1067 5 1937 1937 CD 39396 1067 6 . . . 39396 1068 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1068 2 of of IN 39396 1068 3 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1068 4 . . . 39396 1069 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1069 2 State State NNP 39396 1069 3 Board Board NNP 39396 1069 4 Agric Agric NNP 39396 1069 5 . . . 39396 1069 6 , , , 39396 1069 7 13th 13th JJ 39396 1069 8 Biennial Biennial NNP 39396 1069 9 Rep. Rep. NNP 39396 1069 10 , , , 39396 1069 11 1935 1935 CD 39396 1069 12 - - HYPH 39396 1069 13 36:116 36:116 CD 39396 1069 14 - - HYPH 39396 1069 15 217 217 CD 39396 1069 16 . . . 39396 1070 1 BLAIR BLAIR NNP 39396 1070 2 , , , 39396 1070 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1070 4 F. F. NNP 39396 1070 5 1939 1939 CD 39396 1070 6 . . . 39396 1071 1 Some some DT 39396 1071 2 observed observe VBN 39396 1071 3 effects effect NNS 39396 1071 4 of of IN 39396 1071 5 stream stream NN 39396 1071 6 valley valley NNP 39396 1071 7 flooding flooding NN 39396 1071 8 on on IN 39396 1071 9 small small JJ 39396 1071 10 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1071 11 populations population NNS 39396 1071 12 in in IN 39396 1071 13 eastern eastern JJ 39396 1071 14 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 39396 1071 15 . . . 39396 1072 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1072 2 . . . 39396 1073 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1073 2 . . NNP 39396 1073 3 , , , 39396 1073 4 20:304 20:304 CD 39396 1073 5 - - SYM 39396 1073 6 306 306 CD 39396 1073 7 . . . 39396 1074 1 1940 1940 CD 39396 1074 2 . . . 39396 1075 1 Home home NN 39396 1075 2 ranges range NNS 39396 1075 3 and and CC 39396 1075 4 populations population NNS 39396 1075 5 of of IN 39396 1075 6 the the DT 39396 1075 7 meadow meadow NNP 39396 1075 8 vole vole NNP 39396 1075 9 in in IN 39396 1075 10 southern southern JJ 39396 1075 11 Michigan Michigan NNP 39396 1075 12 . . . 39396 1076 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1076 2 . . . 39396 1077 1 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1077 2 Mgmt Mgmt NNP 39396 1077 3 . . NNP 39396 1077 4 , , , 39396 1077 5 4:149 4:149 CD 39396 1077 6 - - SYM 39396 1077 7 161 161 CD 39396 1077 8 . . . 39396 1078 1 1941 1941 CD 39396 1078 2 . . . 39396 1079 1 Techniques technique NNS 39396 1079 2 for for IN 39396 1079 3 the the DT 39396 1079 4 study study NN 39396 1079 5 of of IN 39396 1079 6 small small JJ 39396 1079 7 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1079 8 populations population NNS 39396 1079 9 . . . 39396 1080 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1080 2 . . . 39396 1081 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1081 2 . . NNP 39396 1081 3 , , , 39396 1081 4 22:148 22:148 CD 39396 1081 5 - - SYM 39396 1081 6 157 157 CD 39396 1081 7 . . . 39396 1082 1 1948 1948 CD 39396 1082 2 . . . 39396 1083 1 Population population NN 39396 1083 2 density density NN 39396 1083 3 , , , 39396 1083 4 life life NN 39396 1083 5 span span NN 39396 1083 6 and and CC 39396 1083 7 mortality mortality NN 39396 1083 8 rates rate NNS 39396 1083 9 of of IN 39396 1083 10 small small JJ 39396 1083 11 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1083 12 in in IN 39396 1083 13 the the DT 39396 1083 14 bluegrass bluegrass NN 39396 1083 15 meadow meadow NN 39396 1083 16 and and CC 39396 1083 17 bluegrass bluegrass NN 39396 1083 18 field field NN 39396 1083 19 associations association NNS 39396 1083 20 of of IN 39396 1083 21 southern southern JJ 39396 1083 22 Michigan Michigan NNP 39396 1083 23 . . . 39396 1084 1 Amer amer NN 39396 1084 2 . . . 39396 1085 1 Midland Midland NNP 39396 1085 2 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1085 3 . . NNP 39396 1085 4 , , , 39396 1085 5 40:395 40:395 CD 39396 1085 6 - - SYM 39396 1085 7 419 419 CD 39396 1085 8 . . . 39396 1086 1 BODENHEIMER BODENHEIMER NNP 39396 1086 2 , , , 39396 1086 3 F. F. NNP 39396 1086 4 S. S. NNP 39396 1086 5 , , , 39396 1086 6 and and CC 39396 1086 7 F. F. NNP 39396 1086 8 SULMAN SULMAN NNP 39396 1086 9 . . . 39396 1087 1 1946 1946 CD 39396 1087 2 . . . 39396 1088 1 The the DT 39396 1088 2 estrous estrous JJ 39396 1088 3 cycle cycle NN 39396 1088 4 of of IN 39396 1088 5 _ _ NNP 39396 1088 6 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1088 7 guentheri guentheri NN 39396 1088 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1088 9 D. D. NNP 39396 1088 10 and and CC 39396 1088 11 A. A. NNP 39396 1088 12 and and CC 39396 1088 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1088 14 ecological ecological JJ 39396 1088 15 implications implication NNS 39396 1088 16 . . . 39396 1089 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1089 2 . . NNP 39396 1089 3 , , , 39396 1089 4 27:255 27:255 CD 39396 1089 5 - - SYM 39396 1089 6 256 256 CD 39396 1089 7 . . . 39396 1090 1 BOLE BOLE NNP 39396 1090 2 , , , 39396 1090 3 B. B. NNP 39396 1090 4 P. P. NNP 39396 1090 5 , , , 39396 1090 6 JR JR NNP 39396 1090 7 . . . 39396 1090 8 1939 1939 CD 39396 1090 9 . . . 39396 1091 1 The the DT 39396 1091 2 quadrat quadrat JJ 39396 1091 3 method method NN 39396 1091 4 of of IN 39396 1091 5 studying study VBG 39396 1091 6 small small JJ 39396 1091 7 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1091 8 populations population NNS 39396 1091 9 . . . 39396 1092 1 Cleveland Cleveland NNP 39396 1092 2 Mus Mus NNP 39396 1092 3 . . . 39396 1093 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1093 2 . . . 39396 1094 1 Hist hist NN 39396 1094 2 . . . 39396 1095 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1095 2 . . . 39396 1096 1 Publ Publ NNS 39396 1096 2 . . . 39396 1096 3 , , , 39396 1096 4 5:1 5:1 CD 39396 1096 5 - - SYM 39396 1096 6 77 77 CD 39396 1096 7 . . . 39396 1097 1 BROWN BROWN NNP 39396 1097 2 , , , 39396 1097 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1097 4 L. L. NNP 39396 1097 5 1946 1946 CD 39396 1097 6 . . . 39396 1098 1 Rodent rodent NN 39396 1098 2 activity activity NN 39396 1098 3 in in IN 39396 1098 4 a a DT 39396 1098 5 mixed mixed JJ 39396 1098 6 prairie prairie NN 39396 1098 7 near near IN 39396 1098 8 Hays Hays NNP 39396 1098 9 , , , 39396 1098 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1098 11 . . . 39396 1099 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1099 2 . . . 39396 1100 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1100 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1100 3 . . . 39396 1101 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1101 2 . . NNP 39396 1101 3 , , , 39396 1101 4 48:448 48:448 CD 39396 1101 5 - - SYM 39396 1101 6 458 458 CD 39396 1101 7 . . . 39396 1102 1 BRUMWELL BRUMWELL NNP 39396 1102 2 , , , 39396 1102 3 M. M. NNP 39396 1102 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1102 5 . . . 39396 1103 1 An an DT 39396 1103 2 ecological ecological JJ 39396 1103 3 survey survey NN 39396 1103 4 of of IN 39396 1103 5 the the DT 39396 1103 6 Fort Fort NNP 39396 1103 7 Leavenworth Leavenworth NNP 39396 1103 8 Military Military NNP 39396 1103 9 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 1103 10 . . . 39396 1104 1 Amer amer NN 39396 1104 2 . . . 39396 1105 1 Midland Midland NNP 39396 1105 2 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1105 3 . . NNP 39396 1105 4 , , , 39396 1105 5 45:187 45:187 CD 39396 1105 6 - - SYM 39396 1105 7 231 231 CD 39396 1105 8 . . . 39396 1106 1 BURT BURT NNP 39396 1106 2 , , , 39396 1106 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1106 4 H. H. NNP 39396 1106 5 1943 1943 CD 39396 1106 6 . . . 39396 1107 1 Territoriality territoriality NN 39396 1107 2 and and CC 39396 1107 3 home home NN 39396 1107 4 range range NN 39396 1107 5 concepts concept NNS 39396 1107 6 as as IN 39396 1107 7 applied apply VBN 39396 1107 8 to to IN 39396 1107 9 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1107 10 . . . 39396 1108 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1108 2 . . . 39396 1109 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1109 2 . . NNP 39396 1109 3 , , , 39396 1109 4 24:346 24:346 CD 39396 1109 5 - - SYM 39396 1109 6 352 352 CD 39396 1109 7 . . . 39396 1110 1 CALHOUN CALHOUN NNP 39396 1110 2 , , , 39396 1110 3 J. J. NNP 39396 1111 1 B. B. NNP 39396 1112 1 1945 1945 CD 39396 1112 2 . . . 39396 1113 1 Diel Diel NNP 39396 1113 2 activity activity NN 39396 1113 3 rhythms rhythm NNS 39396 1113 4 of of IN 39396 1113 5 the the DT 39396 1113 6 rodents rodent NNS 39396 1113 7 _ _ NNP 39396 1113 8 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1113 9 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 1113 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1113 11 and and CC 39396 1113 12 _ _ NNP 39396 1113 13 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 1113 14 hispidus hispidus NN 39396 1113 15 hispidus hispidus VBP 39396 1113 16 _ _ NNP 39396 1113 17 . . . 39396 1114 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1114 2 . . NNP 39396 1114 3 , , , 39396 1114 4 26:251 26:251 CD 39396 1114 5 - - HYPH 39396 1114 6 273 273 CD 39396 1114 7 . . . 39396 1115 1 CHITTY CHITTY NNP 39396 1115 2 , , , 39396 1115 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1115 4 , , , 39396 1115 5 and and CC 39396 1115 6 D. D. NNP 39396 1115 7 A. A. NNP 39396 1115 8 KEMPSON KEMPSON NNP 39396 1115 9 . . . 39396 1116 1 1949 1949 CD 39396 1116 2 . . . 39396 1117 1 Prebaiting prebaiting NN 39396 1117 2 of of IN 39396 1117 3 small small JJ 39396 1117 4 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1117 5 and and CC 39396 1117 6 a a DT 39396 1117 7 new new JJ 39396 1117 8 design design NN 39396 1117 9 of of IN 39396 1117 10 a a DT 39396 1117 11 live live JJ 39396 1117 12 trap trap NN 39396 1117 13 . . . 39396 1118 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1118 2 . . NNP 39396 1118 3 , , , 39396 1118 4 30:536 30:536 CD 39396 1118 5 - - SYM 39396 1118 6 542 542 CD 39396 1118 7 . . . 39396 1119 1 COCKRUM COCKRUM NNP 39396 1119 2 , , , 39396 1119 3 E. E. NNP 39396 1119 4 L. L. NNP 39396 1119 5 1947 1947 CD 39396 1119 6 . . . 39396 1120 1 Effectiveness effectiveness NN 39396 1120 2 of of IN 39396 1120 3 live live JJ 39396 1120 4 traps trap NNS 39396 1120 5 vs. vs. IN 39396 1120 6 snap snap VBP 39396 1120 7 traps trap NNS 39396 1120 8 . . . 39396 1121 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1121 2 . . . 39396 1122 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1122 2 . . NNP 39396 1122 3 , , , 39396 1122 4 28:186 28:186 CD 39396 1122 5 . . . 39396 1123 1 1948 1948 CD 39396 1123 2 . . . 39396 1124 1 Distribution distribution NN 39396 1124 2 of of IN 39396 1124 3 the the DT 39396 1124 4 hispid hispid JJ 39396 1124 5 cotton cotton NN 39396 1124 6 rat rat NN 39396 1124 7 in in IN 39396 1124 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1124 9 . . . 39396 1125 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1125 2 . . . 39396 1126 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1126 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1126 3 . . . 39396 1127 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1127 2 . . NNP 39396 1127 3 , , , 39396 1127 4 51:306 51:306 CD 39396 1127 5 - - SYM 39396 1127 6 312 312 CD 39396 1127 7 . . . 39396 1128 1 1952 1952 CD 39396 1128 2 . . . 39396 1129 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1129 2 of of IN 39396 1129 3 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1129 4 . . . 39396 1130 1 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1130 2 . . . 39396 1131 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1131 2 Mus Mus NNP 39396 1131 3 . . . 39396 1132 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1132 2 . . . 39396 1133 1 Hist hist NN 39396 1133 2 . . . 39396 1134 1 Publ Publ NNS 39396 1134 2 . . . 39396 1134 3 , , , 39396 1134 4 7:1 7:1 CD 39396 1134 5 - - SYM 39396 1134 6 303 303 CD 39396 1134 7 . . . 39396 1135 1 DAVIS DAVIS NNP 39396 1135 2 , , , 39396 1135 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1135 4 H. H. NNP 39396 1135 5 S. S. NNP 39396 1135 6 1933 1933 CD 39396 1135 7 . . . 39396 1136 1 Rhythmic rhythmic JJ 39396 1136 2 activity activity NN 39396 1136 3 in in IN 39396 1136 4 the the DT 39396 1136 5 short short RB 39396 1136 6 - - HYPH 39396 1136 7 tailed tail VBN 39396 1136 8 vole vole NNP 39396 1136 9 , , , 39396 1136 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1136 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1136 12 _ _ NNP 39396 1136 13 . . . 39396 1137 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1137 2 . . . 39396 1138 1 Animal Animal NNP 39396 1138 2 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1138 3 . . NNP 39396 1138 4 , , , 39396 1138 5 2:232 2:232 CD 39396 1138 6 - - SYM 39396 1138 7 238 238 CD 39396 1138 8 . . . 39396 1139 1 DICE DICE NNP 39396 1139 2 , , , 39396 1139 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1139 4 R. R. NNP 39396 1139 5 1922 1922 CD 39396 1139 6 . . . 39396 1140 1 Some some DT 39396 1140 2 factors factor NNS 39396 1140 3 affecting affect VBG 39396 1140 4 the the DT 39396 1140 5 distribution distribution NN 39396 1140 6 of of IN 39396 1140 7 the the DT 39396 1140 8 prairie prairie NNP 39396 1140 9 vole vole NNP 39396 1140 10 , , , 39396 1140 11 forest forest NN 39396 1140 12 deer deer NN 39396 1140 13 mouse mouse NN 39396 1140 14 and and CC 39396 1140 15 prairie prairie NN 39396 1140 16 deer deer NN 39396 1140 17 mouse mouse NN 39396 1140 18 . . . 39396 1141 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1141 2 . . NNP 39396 1141 3 , , , 39396 1141 4 3:29 3:29 CD 39396 1141 5 - - SYM 39396 1141 6 47 47 CD 39396 1141 7 . . . 39396 1142 1 EADIE EADIE NNP 39396 1142 2 , , , 39396 1142 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1142 4 R. R. NNP 39396 1142 5 1944 1944 CD 39396 1142 6 . . . 39396 1143 1 The the DT 39396 1143 2 short short JJ 39396 1143 3 - - HYPH 39396 1143 4 tailed tailed JJ 39396 1143 5 shrew shrew NN 39396 1143 6 and and CC 39396 1143 7 field field NN 39396 1143 8 mouse mouse NN 39396 1143 9 predation predation NN 39396 1143 10 . . . 39396 1144 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1144 2 . . . 39396 1145 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1145 2 . . . 39396 1145 3 , , , 39396 1145 4 25:359 25:359 CD 39396 1145 5 - - SYM 39396 1145 6 362 362 CD 39396 1145 7 . . . 39396 1146 1 1948 1948 CD 39396 1146 2 . . . 39396 1147 1 Shrew shrew JJ 39396 1147 2 - - HYPH 39396 1147 3 mouse mouse NN 39396 1147 4 predation predation NN 39396 1147 5 during during IN 39396 1147 6 low low JJ 39396 1147 7 mouse mouse NN 39396 1147 8 abundance abundance NN 39396 1147 9 . . . 39396 1148 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1148 2 . . . 39396 1149 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1149 2 . . NNP 39396 1149 3 , , , 39396 1149 4 29:35 29:35 CD 39396 1149 5 - - SYM 39396 1149 6 37 37 CD 39396 1149 7 . . . 39396 1150 1 1952 1952 CD 39396 1150 2 . . . 39396 1151 1 Shrew shrew JJ 39396 1151 2 predation predation NN 39396 1151 3 and and CC 39396 1151 4 vole vole JJ 39396 1151 5 populations population NNS 39396 1151 6 on on IN 39396 1151 7 a a DT 39396 1151 8 limited limited JJ 39396 1151 9 area area NN 39396 1151 10 . . . 39396 1152 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1152 2 . . . 39396 1153 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1153 2 . . NNP 39396 1153 3 , , , 39396 1153 4 33:185 33:185 CD 39396 1153 5 - - SYM 39396 1153 6 189 189 CD 39396 1153 7 . . . 39396 1154 1 1953 1953 CD 39396 1154 2 . . . 39396 1155 1 Response response NN 39396 1155 2 of of IN 39396 1155 3 _ _ NNP 39396 1155 4 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1155 5 _ _ NNP 39396 1155 6 to to IN 39396 1155 7 vegetative vegetative JJ 39396 1155 8 cover cover NN 39396 1155 9 . . . 39396 1156 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1156 2 . . . 39396 1157 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1157 2 . . NNP 39396 1157 3 , , , 39396 1157 4 34:262 34:262 NNS 39396 1157 5 - - SYM 39396 1157 6 264 264 CD 39396 1157 7 . . . 39396 1158 1 ELTON ELTON NNP 39396 1158 2 , , , 39396 1158 3 C. C. NNP 39396 1158 4 1949 1949 CD 39396 1158 5 . . . 39396 1159 1 Population population NN 39396 1159 2 interspersion interspersion NN 39396 1159 3 . . . 39396 1160 1 An an DT 39396 1160 2 essay essay NN 39396 1160 3 in in IN 39396 1160 4 animal animal NN 39396 1160 5 community community NN 39396 1160 6 patterns pattern NNS 39396 1160 7 . . . 39396 1161 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1161 2 . . . 39396 1162 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1162 2 . . NNP 39396 1162 3 , , , 39396 1162 4 37:1 37:1 CD 39396 1162 5 - - SYM 39396 1162 6 23 23 CD 39396 1162 7 . . . 39396 1163 1 ERRINGTON ERRINGTON NNP 39396 1163 2 , , , 39396 1163 3 P. P. NNP 39396 1163 4 R. R. NNP 39396 1163 5 1935 1935 CD 39396 1163 6 . . . 39396 1164 1 Food food NN 39396 1164 2 habits habit NNS 39396 1164 3 of of IN 39396 1164 4 midwestern midwestern JJ 39396 1164 5 foxes fox NNS 39396 1164 6 . . . 39396 1165 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1165 2 . . . 39396 1166 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1166 2 . . NNP 39396 1166 3 , , , 39396 1166 4 16:192 16:192 CD 39396 1166 5 - - SYM 39396 1166 6 200 200 CD 39396 1166 7 . . . 39396 1167 1 1936 1936 CD 39396 1167 2 . . . 39396 1168 1 What what WP 39396 1168 2 is be VBZ 39396 1168 3 the the DT 39396 1168 4 meaning meaning NN 39396 1168 5 of of IN 39396 1168 6 predation predation NN 39396 1168 7 ? ? . 39396 1169 1 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 39396 1169 2 Inst Inst NNP 39396 1169 3 . . . 39396 1170 1 Rep. Rep. NNP 39396 1170 2 , , , 39396 1170 3 1936:243 1936:243 CD 39396 1170 4 - - SYM 39396 1170 5 252 252 CD 39396 1170 6 . . . 39396 1171 1 1943 1943 CD 39396 1171 2 . . . 39396 1172 1 An an DT 39396 1172 2 analysis analysis NN 39396 1172 3 of of IN 39396 1172 4 mink mink NN 39396 1172 5 predation predation NN 39396 1172 6 upon upon IN 39396 1172 7 muskrat muskrat NNP 39396 1172 8 in in IN 39396 1172 9 north north JJ 39396 1172 10 central central JJ 39396 1172 11 United United NNP 39396 1172 12 States States NNP 39396 1172 13 . . . 39396 1173 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1173 2 . . . 39396 1174 1 Exp Exp NNP 39396 1174 2 . . . 39396 1175 1 Sta Sta NNP 39396 1175 2 . . NNP 39396 1175 3 , , , 39396 1175 4 Iowa Iowa NNP 39396 1175 5 State State NNP 39396 1175 6 Coll Coll NNP 39396 1175 7 . . . 39396 1176 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1176 2 . . . 39396 1177 1 Mech mech NN 39396 1177 2 . . . 39396 1178 1 Arts art NNS 39396 1178 2 , , , 39396 1178 3 Res Res NNP 39396 1178 4 . . . 39396 1179 1 Bull Bull NNP 39396 1179 2 . . NNP 39396 1179 3 , , , 39396 1179 4 320:799 320:799 CD 39396 1179 5 - - SYM 39396 1179 6 924 924 CD 39396 1179 7 . . . 39396 1180 1 1946 1946 CD 39396 1180 2 . . . 39396 1181 1 Predation predation NN 39396 1181 2 and and CC 39396 1181 3 vertebrate vertebrate NN 39396 1181 4 populations population NNS 39396 1181 5 . . . 39396 1182 1 Quart Quart NNP 39396 1182 2 . . . 39396 1183 1 Rev. Rev. NNP 39396 1184 1 Biol Biol NNP 39396 1184 2 . . . 39396 1184 3 , , , 39396 1184 4 21:144 21:144 CD 39396 1184 5 - - SYM 39396 1184 6 177 177 CD 39396 1184 7 . . . 39396 1185 1 ERRINGTON ERRINGTON NNP 39396 1185 2 , , , 39396 1185 3 P. P. NNP 39396 1185 4 L. L. NNP 39396 1185 5 , , , 39396 1185 6 F. F. NNP 39396 1185 7 HAMERSTROM HAMERSTROM NNP 39396 1185 8 , , , 39396 1185 9 and and CC 39396 1185 10 F. F. NNP 39396 1185 11 N. N. NNP 39396 1185 12 HAMERSTROM HAMERSTROM NNP 39396 1185 13 , , , 39396 1185 14 JR JR NNP 39396 1185 15 . . . 39396 1185 16 1940 1940 CD 39396 1185 17 . . . 39396 1186 1 The the DT 39396 1186 2 great great JJ 39396 1186 3 horned horned JJ 39396 1186 4 owl owl NN 39396 1186 5 and and CC 39396 1186 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1186 7 prey prey NN 39396 1186 8 in in IN 39396 1186 9 north north JJ 39396 1186 10 central central JJ 39396 1186 11 United United NNP 39396 1186 12 States States NNP 39396 1186 13 . . . 39396 1187 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1187 2 . . . 39396 1188 1 Exp Exp NNP 39396 1188 2 . . . 39396 1189 1 Sta Sta NNP 39396 1189 2 . . NNP 39396 1189 3 , , , 39396 1189 4 Iowa Iowa NNP 39396 1189 5 State State NNP 39396 1189 6 Coll Coll NNP 39396 1189 7 . . . 39396 1190 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1190 2 . . . 39396 1191 1 Mech mech NN 39396 1191 2 . . . 39396 1192 1 Arts art NNS 39396 1192 2 , , , 39396 1192 3 Res Res NNP 39396 1192 4 . . . 39396 1193 1 Bull Bull NNP 39396 1193 2 . . . 39396 1193 3 , , , 39396 1193 4 277:759 277:759 CD 39396 1193 5 - - SYM 39396 1193 6 831 831 CD 39396 1193 7 . . . 39396 1194 1 FISHER FISHER NNP 39396 1194 2 , , , 39396 1194 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1194 4 J. J. NNP 39396 1195 1 1945 1945 CD 39396 1195 2 . . . 39396 1196 1 Notes note NNS 39396 1196 2 on on IN 39396 1196 3 the the DT 39396 1196 4 voles vole NNS 39396 1196 5 in in IN 39396 1196 6 central central JJ 39396 1196 7 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 1196 8 . . . 39396 1197 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1197 2 . . . 39396 1198 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1198 2 . . NNP 39396 1198 3 , , , 39396 1198 4 26:435 26:435 CD 39396 1198 5 - - SYM 39396 1198 6 437 437 CD 39396 1198 7 . . . 39396 1199 1 FITCH FITCH NNP 39396 1199 2 , , , 39396 1199 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1199 4 S. S. NNP 39396 1199 5 1948 1948 CD 39396 1199 6 . . . 39396 1200 1 A a DT 39396 1200 2 study study NN 39396 1200 3 of of IN 39396 1200 4 coyote coyote NN 39396 1200 5 relationships relationship NNS 39396 1200 6 on on IN 39396 1200 7 cattle cattle NNS 39396 1200 8 range range VBP 39396 1200 9 . . . 39396 1201 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1201 2 . . . 39396 1202 1 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1202 2 Mgmt Mgmt NNP 39396 1202 3 . . NNP 39396 1202 4 , , , 39396 1202 5 12:73 12:73 CD 39396 1202 6 - - SYM 39396 1202 7 78 78 CD 39396 1202 8 . . . 39396 1203 1 1950 1950 CD 39396 1203 2 . . . 39396 1204 1 A a DT 39396 1204 2 new new JJ 39396 1204 3 style style NN 39396 1204 4 live live JJ 39396 1204 5 trap trap NN 39396 1204 6 for for IN 39396 1204 7 small small JJ 39396 1204 8 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1204 9 . . . 39396 1205 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1205 2 . . . 39396 1206 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1206 2 . . NNP 39396 1206 3 , , , 39396 1206 4 31:364 31:364 CD 39396 1206 5 - - SYM 39396 1206 6 365 365 CD 39396 1206 7 . . . 39396 1207 1 1952 1952 CD 39396 1207 2 . . . 39396 1208 1 The the DT 39396 1208 2 University University NNP 39396 1208 3 of of IN 39396 1208 4 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1208 5 Natural Natural NNP 39396 1208 6 History History NNP 39396 1208 7 Reservation Reservation NNP 39396 1208 8 . . . 39396 1209 1 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1209 2 . . . 39396 1210 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1210 2 , , , 39396 1210 3 Mus Mus NNP 39396 1210 4 . . . 39396 1211 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1211 2 . . . 39396 1212 1 Hist hist NN 39396 1212 2 . . . 39396 1213 1 Misc Misc NNP 39396 1213 2 . . . 39396 1214 1 Publ Publ NNS 39396 1214 2 . . . 39396 1214 3 , , , 39396 1214 4 4:1 4:1 CD 39396 1214 5 - - SYM 39396 1214 6 38 38 CD 39396 1214 7 . . . 39396 1215 1 1954 1954 CD 39396 1215 2 . . . 39396 1216 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ 39396 1216 2 acceptance acceptance NN 39396 1216 3 of of IN 39396 1216 4 bait bait NN 39396 1216 5 by by IN 39396 1216 6 small small JJ 39396 1216 7 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1216 8 . . . 39396 1217 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1217 2 . . . 39396 1218 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1218 2 . . NNP 39396 1218 3 , , , 39396 1218 4 35:39 35:39 CD 39396 1218 5 - - SYM 39396 1218 6 47 47 CD 39396 1218 7 . . . 39396 1219 1 FITCH FITCH NNP 39396 1219 2 , , , 39396 1219 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1219 4 S. S. NNP 39396 1219 5 , , , 39396 1219 6 F. F. NNP 39396 1219 7 SWENSON SWENSON NNP 39396 1219 8 , , , 39396 1219 9 and and CC 39396 1219 10 D. D. NNP 39396 1219 11 F. F. NNP 39396 1219 12 TILLOTSON TILLOTSON NNP 39396 1219 13 . . . 39396 1220 1 1946 1946 CD 39396 1220 2 . . . 39396 1221 1 Behavior behavior NN 39396 1221 2 and and CC 39396 1221 3 food food NN 39396 1221 4 habits habit NNS 39396 1221 5 of of IN 39396 1221 6 the the DT 39396 1221 7 red red JJ 39396 1221 8 - - HYPH 39396 1221 9 tailed tailed JJ 39396 1221 10 hawk hawk NN 39396 1221 11 . . . 39396 1222 1 Condor Condor NNP 39396 1222 2 , , , 39396 1222 3 48:205 48:205 CD 39396 1222 4 - - SYM 39396 1222 5 237 237 CD 39396 1222 6 . . . 39396 1223 1 GOODPASTOR GOODPASTOR NNP 39396 1223 2 , , , 39396 1223 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1223 4 W. W. NNP 39396 1223 5 , , , 39396 1223 6 and and CC 39396 1223 7 D. D. NNP 39396 1223 8 F. F. NNP 39396 1223 9 HOFFMEISTER HOFFMEISTER NNP 39396 1223 10 . . . 39396 1224 1 1952 1952 CD 39396 1224 2 . . . 39396 1225 1 Notes note NNS 39396 1225 2 on on IN 39396 1225 3 the the DT 39396 1225 4 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1225 5 of of IN 39396 1225 6 eastern eastern JJ 39396 1225 7 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 39396 1225 8 . . . 39396 1226 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1226 2 . . . 39396 1227 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1227 2 . . NNP 39396 1227 3 , , , 39396 1227 4 33:362 33:362 CD 39396 1227 5 - - SYM 39396 1227 6 371 371 CD 39396 1227 7 . . . 39396 1228 1 GUNDERSON GUNDERSON NNP 39396 1228 2 , , , 39396 1228 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1228 4 L. L. NNP 39396 1228 5 1950 1950 CD 39396 1228 6 . . . 39396 1229 1 A a DT 39396 1229 2 study study NN 39396 1229 3 of of IN 39396 1229 4 some some DT 39396 1229 5 small small JJ 39396 1229 6 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1229 7 populations population NNS 39396 1229 8 at at IN 39396 1229 9 Cedar Cedar NNP 39396 1229 10 Creek Creek NNP 39396 1229 11 Forest Forest NNP 39396 1229 12 , , , 39396 1229 13 Asoka Asoka NNP 39396 1229 14 County County NNP 39396 1229 15 , , , 39396 1229 16 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 39396 1229 17 . . . 39396 1230 1 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1230 2 . . . 39396 1231 1 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 39396 1231 2 Mus Mus NNP 39396 1231 3 . . . 39396 1232 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1232 2 . . . 39396 1233 1 Hist Hist NNP 39396 1233 2 . . . 39396 1233 3 , , , 39396 1233 4 4:1 4:1 CD 39396 1233 5 - - SYM 39396 1233 6 49 49 CD 39396 1233 7 . . . 39396 1234 1 HALL HALL NNP 39396 1234 2 , , , 39396 1234 3 E. E. NNP 39396 1234 4 R. R. NNP 39396 1234 5 1926 1926 CD 39396 1234 6 . . . 39396 1235 1 Changes change NNS 39396 1235 2 during during IN 39396 1235 3 growth growth NN 39396 1235 4 in in IN 39396 1235 5 the the DT 39396 1235 6 skull skull NN 39396 1235 7 of of IN 39396 1235 8 the the DT 39396 1235 9 rodent rodent NN 39396 1235 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1235 11 Otospermophilus Otospermophilus NNP 39396 1235 12 grammarus grammarus NN 39396 1235 13 beecheyi beecheyi NN 39396 1235 14 _ _ NNP 39396 1235 15 . . . 39396 1236 1 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1236 2 . . . 39396 1237 1 California California NNP 39396 1237 2 Publ Publ NNPS 39396 1237 3 . . . 39396 1238 1 Zool Zool NNP 39396 1238 2 . . NNP 39396 1238 3 , , , 39396 1238 4 21:355 21:355 CD 39396 1238 5 - - SYM 39396 1238 6 404 404 CD 39396 1238 7 . . . 39396 1239 1 HALL HALL NNP 39396 1239 2 , , , 39396 1239 3 E. E. NNP 39396 1239 4 R. R. NNP 39396 1239 5 , , , 39396 1239 6 and and CC 39396 1239 7 E. E. NNP 39396 1239 8 L. L. NNP 39396 1239 9 COCKRUM COCKRUM NNP 39396 1239 10 . . . 39396 1240 1 1953 1953 CD 39396 1240 2 . . . 39396 1241 1 A a DT 39396 1241 2 synopsis synopsis NN 39396 1241 3 of of IN 39396 1241 4 North north JJ 39396 1241 5 American american JJ 39396 1241 6 microtine microtine NN 39396 1241 7 rodents rodent NNS 39396 1241 8 . . . 39396 1242 1 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1242 2 . . . 39396 1243 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1243 2 , , , 39396 1243 3 Mus Mus NNP 39396 1243 4 . . . 39396 1244 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1244 2 . . . 39396 1245 1 Hist hist NN 39396 1245 2 . . . 39396 1246 1 Publ Publ NNS 39396 1246 2 . . . 39396 1246 3 , , , 39396 1246 4 5:373 5:373 CD 39396 1246 5 - - HYPH 39396 1246 6 498 498 CD 39396 1246 7 . . . 39396 1247 1 HAMILTON HAMILTON NNP 39396 1247 2 , , , 39396 1247 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1247 4 J. J. NNP 39396 1247 5 , , , 39396 1247 6 JR JR NNP 39396 1247 7 . . NNP 39396 1247 8 1937a 1937a CD 39396 1247 9 . . . 39396 1248 1 Growth growth NN 39396 1248 2 and and CC 39396 1248 3 life life NN 39396 1248 4 span span NN 39396 1248 5 of of IN 39396 1248 6 the the DT 39396 1248 7 field field NN 39396 1248 8 mouse mouse NN 39396 1248 9 . . . 39396 1249 1 Amer amer NN 39396 1249 2 . . . 39396 1250 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1250 2 . . NNP 39396 1250 3 , , , 39396 1250 4 71:500 71:500 CD 39396 1250 5 - - SYM 39396 1250 6 507 507 CD 39396 1250 7 . . . 39396 1251 1 1937b 1937b CD 39396 1251 2 . . . 39396 1252 1 The the DT 39396 1252 2 biology biology NN 39396 1252 3 of of IN 39396 1252 4 microtine microtine JJ 39396 1252 5 cycles cycle NNS 39396 1252 6 . . . 39396 1253 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1253 2 . . . 39396 1254 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1254 2 . . . 39396 1255 1 Res Res NNP 39396 1255 2 . . NNP 39396 1255 3 , , , 39396 1255 4 54:779 54:779 CD 39396 1255 5 - - SYM 39396 1255 6 790 790 CD 39396 1255 7 . . . 39396 1256 1 1937c 1937c LS 39396 1256 2 . . . 39396 1257 1 Activity activity NN 39396 1257 2 and and CC 39396 1257 3 home home NN 39396 1257 4 range range NN 39396 1257 5 of of IN 39396 1257 6 the the DT 39396 1257 7 field field NN 39396 1257 8 mouse mouse NN 39396 1257 9 . . . 39396 1258 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1258 2 . . NNP 39396 1258 3 , , , 39396 1258 4 18:255 18:255 CD 39396 1258 5 - - SYM 39396 1258 6 263 263 CD 39396 1258 7 . . . 39396 1259 1 1940 1940 CD 39396 1259 2 . . . 39396 1260 1 Life life NN 39396 1260 2 and and CC 39396 1260 3 habits habit NNS 39396 1260 4 of of IN 39396 1260 5 the the DT 39396 1260 6 field field NN 39396 1260 7 mouse mouse NN 39396 1260 8 . . . 39396 1261 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1261 2 . . . 39396 1262 1 Monthly monthly JJ 39396 1262 2 , , , 39396 1262 3 50:425 50:425 CD 39396 1262 4 - - SYM 39396 1262 5 434 434 CD 39396 1262 6 . . . 39396 1263 1 1941 1941 CD 39396 1263 2 . . . 39396 1264 1 The the DT 39396 1264 2 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 1264 3 of of IN 39396 1264 4 the the DT 39396 1264 5 field field NN 39396 1264 6 mouse mouse NN 39396 1264 7 , , , 39396 1264 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1264 9 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1264 10 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NN 39396 1264 11 _ _ NNP 39396 1264 12 . . . 39396 1265 1 Cornell Cornell NNP 39396 1265 2 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1265 3 . . . 39396 1266 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1266 2 . . . 39396 1267 1 Exp Exp NNP 39396 1267 2 . . . 39396 1268 1 Sta Sta NNP 39396 1268 2 . . . 39396 1269 1 Mem Mem NNP 39396 1269 2 . . . 39396 1269 3 , , , 39396 1269 4 237:1 237:1 CD 39396 1269 5 - - SYM 39396 1269 6 23 23 CD 39396 1269 7 . . . 39396 1270 1 1949 1949 CD 39396 1270 2 . . . 39396 1271 1 The the DT 39396 1271 2 reproductive reproductive JJ 39396 1271 3 rates rate NNS 39396 1271 4 of of IN 39396 1271 5 some some DT 39396 1271 6 small small JJ 39396 1271 7 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1271 8 . . . 39396 1272 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1272 2 . . . 39396 1273 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1273 2 . . NNP 39396 1273 3 , , , 39396 1273 4 30:257 30:257 CD 39396 1273 5 - - SYM 39396 1273 6 260 260 CD 39396 1273 7 . . . 39396 1274 1 HATFIELD HATFIELD NNP 39396 1274 2 , , , 39396 1274 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1274 4 M. M. NNP 39396 1274 5 1935 1935 CD 39396 1274 6 . . . 39396 1275 1 A a DT 39396 1275 2 natural natural JJ 39396 1275 3 history history NN 39396 1275 4 of of IN 39396 1275 5 _ _ NNP 39396 1275 6 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1275 7 californicus californicus NN 39396 1275 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1275 9 . . . 39396 1276 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1276 2 . . . 39396 1277 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1277 2 . . NNP 39396 1277 3 , , , 39396 1277 4 16:261 16:261 CD 39396 1277 5 - - SYM 39396 1277 6 271 271 CD 39396 1277 7 . . . 39396 1278 1 HATT HATT NNP 39396 1278 2 , , , 39396 1278 3 R. R. NNP 39396 1278 4 T. T. NNP 39396 1278 5 1930 1930 CD 39396 1278 6 . . . 39396 1279 1 The the DT 39396 1279 2 biology biology NN 39396 1279 3 of of IN 39396 1279 4 the the DT 39396 1279 5 voles vole NNS 39396 1279 6 of of IN 39396 1279 7 New New NNP 39396 1279 8 York York NNP 39396 1279 9 . . . 39396 1280 1 Roosevelt Roosevelt NNP 39396 1280 2 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1280 3 Bull Bull NNP 39396 1280 4 . . NNP 39396 1280 5 , , , 39396 1280 6 5:513 5:513 CD 39396 1280 7 - - SYM 39396 1280 8 623 623 CD 39396 1280 9 . . . 39396 1281 1 HAYNE HAYNE NNP 39396 1281 2 , , , 39396 1281 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1281 4 M. M. NNP 39396 1281 5 1949a 1949a CD 39396 1281 6 . . . 39396 1282 1 Two two CD 39396 1282 2 methods method NNS 39396 1282 3 of of IN 39396 1282 4 estimating estimate VBG 39396 1282 5 populations population NNS 39396 1282 6 from from IN 39396 1282 7 trapping trap VBG 39396 1282 8 records record NNS 39396 1282 9 . . . 39396 1283 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1283 2 . . . 39396 1284 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1284 2 . . NNP 39396 1284 3 , , , 39396 1284 4 30:399 30:399 CD 39396 1284 5 - - SYM 39396 1284 6 411 411 CD 39396 1284 7 . . . 39396 1285 1 1949b 1949b LS 39396 1285 2 . . . 39396 1286 1 Calculation calculation NN 39396 1286 2 of of IN 39396 1286 3 the the DT 39396 1286 4 size size NN 39396 1286 5 of of IN 39396 1286 6 home home NN 39396 1286 7 range range NN 39396 1286 8 . . . 39396 1287 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1287 2 . . . 39396 1288 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1288 2 . . NNP 39396 1288 3 , , , 39396 1288 4 30:1 30:1 CD 39396 1288 5 - - SYM 39396 1288 6 18 18 CD 39396 1288 7 . . . 39396 1289 1 1950 1950 CD 39396 1289 2 . . . 39396 1290 1 Apparent apparent JJ 39396 1290 2 home home NN 39396 1290 3 range range NN 39396 1290 4 of of IN 39396 1290 5 _ _ NNP 39396 1290 6 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1290 7 _ _ NNP 39396 1290 8 in in IN 39396 1290 9 relation relation NN 39396 1290 10 to to IN 39396 1290 11 distance distance NN 39396 1290 12 between between IN 39396 1290 13 traps trap NNS 39396 1290 14 . . . 39396 1291 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1291 2 . . . 39396 1292 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1292 2 . . NNP 39396 1292 3 , , , 39396 1292 4 31:26 31:26 CD 39396 1292 5 - - SYM 39396 1292 6 39 39 CD 39396 1292 7 . . . 39396 1293 1 HINTON HINTON NNP 39396 1293 2 , , , 39396 1293 3 M. M. NNP 39396 1293 4 A. a. NN 39396 1293 5 C. C. NNP 39396 1293 6 1926 1926 CD 39396 1293 7 . . . 39396 1294 1 Monograph Monograph NNP 39396 1294 2 of of IN 39396 1294 3 the the DT 39396 1294 4 voles vole NNS 39396 1294 5 and and CC 39396 1294 6 lemmings lemming NNS 39396 1294 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1294 8 Microtinae Microtinae NNP 39396 1294 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1294 10 living live VBG 39396 1294 11 and and CC 39396 1294 12 extinct extinct VBD 39396 1294 13 . . . 39396 1295 1 British British NNP 39396 1295 2 Museum Museum NNP 39396 1295 3 of of IN 39396 1295 4 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1295 5 . . . 39396 1296 1 Hist Hist NNP 39396 1296 2 . . NNP 39396 1296 3 , , , 39396 1296 4 London London NNP 39396 1296 5 , , , 39396 1296 6 xvi xvi NNP 39396 1296 7 + + CC 39396 1296 8 488 488 CD 39396 1296 9 pp pp NN 39396 1296 10 . . . 39396 1297 1 15 15 CD 39396 1297 2 pls pls UH 39396 1297 3 . . . 39396 1298 1 HOPKINS HOPKINS NNP 39396 1298 2 , , , 39396 1298 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1298 4 H. H. NNP 39396 1298 5 , , , 39396 1298 6 F. F. NNP 39396 1298 7 W. W. NNP 39396 1298 8 ALBERTSON ALBERTSON NNP 39396 1298 9 , , , 39396 1298 10 and and CC 39396 1298 11 D. D. NNP 39396 1298 12 A. a. NN 39396 1298 13 RIEGEL RIEGEL NNP 39396 1298 14 . . . 39396 1299 1 1952 1952 CD 39396 1299 2 . . . 39396 1300 1 Ecology ecology NN 39396 1300 2 of of IN 39396 1300 3 grassland grassland NN 39396 1300 4 utilization utilization NN 39396 1300 5 in in IN 39396 1300 6 a a DT 39396 1300 7 mixed mixed JJ 39396 1300 8 prairie prairie NN 39396 1300 9 . . . 39396 1301 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1301 2 . . . 39396 1302 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1302 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1302 3 . . . 39396 1303 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1303 2 . . NNP 39396 1303 3 , , , 39396 1303 4 55:395 55:395 CD 39396 1303 5 - - HYPH 39396 1303 6 418 418 CD 39396 1303 7 . . . 39396 1304 1 HOWARD HOWARD NNP 39396 1304 2 , , , 39396 1304 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1304 4 E. E. NNP 39396 1304 5 1951 1951 CD 39396 1304 6 . . . 39396 1305 1 Relation relation NN 39396 1305 2 between between IN 39396 1305 3 low low JJ 39396 1305 4 temperature temperature NN 39396 1305 5 and and CC 39396 1305 6 available available JJ 39396 1305 7 food food NN 39396 1305 8 to to IN 39396 1305 9 survival survival NN 39396 1305 10 of of IN 39396 1305 11 small small JJ 39396 1305 12 rodents rodent NNS 39396 1305 13 . . . 39396 1306 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1306 2 . . . 39396 1307 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1307 2 . . NNP 39396 1307 3 , , , 39396 1307 4 32:300 32:300 CD 39396 1307 5 - - SYM 39396 1307 6 312 312 CD 39396 1307 7 . . . 39396 1308 1 HOWELL HOWELL NNP 39396 1308 2 , , , 39396 1308 3 A. a. NN 39396 1309 1 B. B. NNP 39396 1310 1 1924 1924 CD 39396 1310 2 . . . 39396 1311 1 Individual individual JJ 39396 1311 2 and and CC 39396 1311 3 age age NN 39396 1311 4 variation variation NN 39396 1311 5 in in IN 39396 1311 6 _ _ NNP 39396 1311 7 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1311 8 montanus montanus NN 39396 1311 9 yosemite yosemite NN 39396 1311 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1311 11 . . . 39396 1312 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1312 2 . . . 39396 1313 1 Agric agric NN 39396 1313 2 . . . 39396 1314 1 Res Res NNP 39396 1314 2 . . NNP 39396 1314 3 , , , 39396 1314 4 28:977 28:977 CD 39396 1314 5 - - SYM 39396 1314 6 1015 1015 CD 39396 1314 7 . . . 39396 1315 1 JAMESON JAMESON NNP 39396 1315 2 , , , 39396 1315 3 E. E. NNP 39396 1315 4 W. W. NNP 39396 1315 5 1947 1947 CD 39396 1315 6 . . . 39396 1316 1 Natural natural JJ 39396 1316 2 history history NN 39396 1316 3 of of IN 39396 1316 4 the the DT 39396 1316 5 prairie prairie NNP 39396 1316 6 vole vole NNP 39396 1316 7 . . . 39396 1317 1 Univ Univ NNP 39396 1317 2 . . . 39396 1318 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1318 2 , , , 39396 1318 3 Mus Mus NNP 39396 1318 4 . . . 39396 1319 1 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1319 2 . . . 39396 1320 1 Hist hist NN 39396 1320 2 . . . 39396 1321 1 Publ Publ NNS 39396 1321 2 . . . 39396 1321 3 , , , 39396 1321 4 1:125 1:125 CD 39396 1321 5 - - SYM 39396 1321 6 151 151 CD 39396 1321 7 . . . 39396 1322 1 1950 1950 CD 39396 1322 2 . . . 39396 1323 1 Determining determine VBG 39396 1323 2 fecundity fecundity NN 39396 1323 3 in in IN 39396 1323 4 male male JJ 39396 1323 5 small small JJ 39396 1323 6 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1323 7 . . . 39396 1324 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1324 2 . . . 39396 1325 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1325 2 . . NNP 39396 1325 3 , , , 39396 1325 4 31:433 31:433 CD 39396 1325 5 - - SYM 39396 1325 6 436 436 CD 39396 1325 7 . . . 39396 1326 1 JOHNSON JOHNSON NNP 39396 1326 2 , , , 39396 1326 3 M. M. NNP 39396 1326 4 S. S. NNP 39396 1326 5 1926 1926 CD 39396 1326 6 . . . 39396 1327 1 Activity activity NN 39396 1327 2 and and CC 39396 1327 3 distribution distribution NN 39396 1327 4 of of IN 39396 1327 5 certain certain JJ 39396 1327 6 wild wild JJ 39396 1327 7 mice mouse NNS 39396 1327 8 in in IN 39396 1327 9 relation relation NN 39396 1327 10 to to IN 39396 1327 11 the the DT 39396 1327 12 biotic biotic JJ 39396 1327 13 community community NN 39396 1327 14 . . . 39396 1328 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1328 2 . . . 39396 1329 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1329 2 . . NNP 39396 1329 3 , , , 39396 1329 4 7:245 7:245 CD 39396 1329 5 - - SYM 39396 1329 6 277 277 CD 39396 1329 7 . . . 39396 1330 1 KORSCHGEN KORSCHGEN NNP 39396 1330 2 , , , 39396 1330 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1330 4 J. J. NNP 39396 1331 1 1952 1952 CD 39396 1331 2 . . . 39396 1332 1 A a DT 39396 1332 2 general general JJ 39396 1332 3 summary summary NN 39396 1332 4 of of IN 39396 1332 5 the the DT 39396 1332 6 food food NN 39396 1332 7 of of IN 39396 1332 8 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 1332 9 predatory predatory NN 39396 1332 10 and and CC 39396 1332 11 game game NN 39396 1332 12 animals animal NNS 39396 1332 13 . . . 39396 1333 1 Conserv Conserv NNP 39396 1333 2 . . . 39396 1334 1 Comm Comm NNP 39396 1334 2 . . NNP 39396 1334 3 , , , 39396 1334 4 Div Div NNP 39396 1334 5 . . . 39396 1335 1 Fish Fish NNP 39396 1335 2 and and CC 39396 1335 3 Game Game NNP 39396 1335 4 , , , 39396 1335 5 State State NNP 39396 1335 6 of of IN 39396 1335 7 Missouri Missouri NNP 39396 1335 8 . . . 39396 1336 1 July July NNP 39396 1336 2 , , , 39396 1336 3 1952 1952 CD 39396 1336 4 . . . 39396 1337 1 61 61 CD 39396 1337 2 pp pp NN 39396 1337 3 . . . 39396 1338 1 LANTZ LANTZ NNP 39396 1338 2 , , , 39396 1338 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1338 4 E. E. NNP 39396 1338 5 1907 1907 CD 39396 1338 6 . . . 39396 1339 1 An an DT 39396 1339 2 economic economic JJ 39396 1339 3 survey survey NN 39396 1339 4 of of IN 39396 1339 5 the the DT 39396 1339 6 field field NN 39396 1339 7 mice mouse NNS 39396 1339 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1339 9 genus genus NNP 39396 1339 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1339 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1339 12 _ _ NNP 39396 1339 13 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1339 14 . . . 39396 1340 1 USDA USDA NNP 39396 1340 2 Biol Biol NNP 39396 1340 3 . . . 39396 1341 1 Surv surv UH 39396 1341 2 . . . 39396 1342 1 Bull Bull NNP 39396 1342 2 , , , 39396 1342 3 31:1 31:1 CD 39396 1342 4 - - SYM 39396 1342 5 64 64 CD 39396 1342 6 . . . 39396 1343 1 LESLIE LESLIE NNP 39396 1343 2 , , , 39396 1343 3 P. P. NNP 39396 1343 4 H. H. NNP 39396 1343 5 , , , 39396 1343 6 and and CC 39396 1343 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1343 8 M. M. NNP 39396 1343 9 RANSOM RANSOM NNP 39396 1343 10 . . . 39396 1344 1 1940 1940 CD 39396 1344 2 . . . 39396 1345 1 The the DT 39396 1345 2 mortality mortality NN 39396 1345 3 , , , 39396 1345 4 fertility fertility NN 39396 1345 5 and and CC 39396 1345 6 rate rate NN 39396 1345 7 of of IN 39396 1345 8 natural natural JJ 39396 1345 9 increase increase NN 39396 1345 10 of of IN 39396 1345 11 the the DT 39396 1345 12 vole vole NNP 39396 1345 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1345 14 _ _ NNP 39396 1345 15 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1345 16 agrestis agrestis NN 39396 1345 17 _ _ NNP 39396 1345 18 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1345 19 as as IN 39396 1345 20 observed observe VBN 39396 1345 21 in in IN 39396 1345 22 the the DT 39396 1345 23 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 1345 24 . . . 39396 1346 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1346 2 . . . 39396 1347 1 Animal Animal NNP 39396 1347 2 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1347 3 . . NNP 39396 1347 4 , , , 39396 1347 5 9:27 9:27 CD 39396 1347 6 - - SYM 39396 1347 7 52 52 CD 39396 1347 8 . . . 39396 1348 1 LLEWELLYN LLEWELLYN NNP 39396 1348 2 , , , 39396 1348 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1348 4 M. M. NNP 39396 1348 5 1950 1950 CD 39396 1348 6 . . . 39396 1349 1 Reduction reduction NN 39396 1349 2 of of IN 39396 1349 3 mortality mortality NN 39396 1349 4 in in IN 39396 1349 5 live live NN 39396 1349 6 - - HYPH 39396 1349 7 trapping trap VBG 39396 1349 8 mice mouse NNS 39396 1349 9 . . . 39396 1350 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1350 2 . . . 39396 1351 1 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1351 2 Mgmt Mgmt NNP 39396 1351 3 . . NNP 39396 1351 4 , , , 39396 1351 5 14:84 14:84 CD 39396 1351 6 - - SYM 39396 1351 7 85 85 CD 39396 1351 8 . . . 39396 1352 1 MCATEE MCATEE NNP 39396 1352 2 , , , 39396 1352 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1352 4 L. L. NNP 39396 1352 5 1935 1935 CD 39396 1352 6 . . . 39396 1353 1 Food food NN 39396 1353 2 habits habit NNS 39396 1353 3 of of IN 39396 1353 4 common common JJ 39396 1353 5 hawks hawk NNS 39396 1353 6 . . . 39396 1354 1 USDA USDA NNP 39396 1354 2 Circ Circ NNP 39396 1354 3 . . NNP 39396 1354 4 , , , 39396 1354 5 370:1 370:1 CD 39396 1354 6 - - SYM 39396 1354 7 36 36 CD 39396 1354 8 . . . 39396 1355 1 MEYER MEYER NNP 39396 1355 2 , , , 39396 1355 3 B. B. NNP 39396 1355 4 J. J. NNP 39396 1355 5 , , , 39396 1355 6 and and CC 39396 1355 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1355 8 K. K. NNP 39396 1355 9 MEYER MEYER NNP 39396 1355 10 . . . 39396 1356 1 1944 1944 CD 39396 1356 2 . . . 39396 1357 1 Growth growth NN 39396 1357 2 and and CC 39396 1357 3 reproduction reproduction NN 39396 1357 4 of of IN 39396 1357 5 the the DT 39396 1357 6 cotton cotton NN 39396 1357 7 rat rat NN 39396 1357 8 , , , 39396 1357 9 _ _ NNP 39396 1357 10 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 1357 11 hispidus hispidus NN 39396 1357 12 hispidus hispidus VBP 39396 1357 13 _ _ NNP 39396 1357 14 , , , 39396 1357 15 under under IN 39396 1357 16 laboratory laboratory NN 39396 1357 17 conditions condition NNS 39396 1357 18 . . . 39396 1358 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1358 2 . . . 39396 1359 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1359 2 . . NNP 39396 1359 3 , , , 39396 1359 4 25:107 25:107 CD 39396 1359 5 - - SYM 39396 1359 6 129 129 CD 39396 1359 7 . . . 39396 1360 1 MOHR MOHR NNP 39396 1360 2 , , , 39396 1360 3 C. C. NNP 39396 1360 4 O. O. NNP 39396 1361 1 1943 1943 CD 39396 1361 2 . . . 39396 1362 1 A a DT 39396 1362 2 comparison comparison NN 39396 1362 3 of of IN 39396 1362 4 North north JJ 39396 1362 5 American american JJ 39396 1362 6 small small JJ 39396 1362 7 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1362 8 censuses census NNS 39396 1362 9 . . . 39396 1363 1 Amer amer NN 39396 1363 2 . . . 39396 1364 1 Midland Midland NNP 39396 1364 2 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1364 3 . . NNP 39396 1364 4 , , , 39396 1364 5 29:545 29:545 CD 39396 1364 6 - - SYM 39396 1364 7 587 587 CD 39396 1364 8 . . . 39396 1365 1 1947 1947 CD 39396 1365 2 . . . 39396 1366 1 Table table NN 39396 1366 2 of of IN 39396 1366 3 equivalent equivalent JJ 39396 1366 4 populations population NNS 39396 1366 5 of of IN 39396 1366 6 North north JJ 39396 1366 7 American american JJ 39396 1366 8 small small JJ 39396 1366 9 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1366 10 . . . 39396 1367 1 Amer amer NN 39396 1367 2 . . . 39396 1368 1 Midland Midland NNP 39396 1368 2 Nat Nat NNP 39396 1368 3 . . NNP 39396 1368 4 , , , 39396 1368 5 37:223 37:223 CD 39396 1368 6 - - SYM 39396 1368 7 249 249 CD 39396 1368 8 . . . 39396 1369 1 PHILLIPS PHILLIPS NNP 39396 1369 2 , , , 39396 1369 3 P. P. NNP 39396 1369 4 1936 1936 CD 39396 1369 5 . . . 39396 1370 1 The the DT 39396 1370 2 distribution distribution NN 39396 1370 3 of of IN 39396 1370 4 rodents rodent NNS 39396 1370 5 in in IN 39396 1370 6 overgrazed overgrazed JJ 39396 1370 7 and and CC 39396 1370 8 normal normal JJ 39396 1370 9 grassland grassland NN 39396 1370 10 in in IN 39396 1370 11 central central JJ 39396 1370 12 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 39396 1370 13 . . . 39396 1371 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1371 2 . . NNP 39396 1371 3 , , , 39396 1371 4 17:673 17:673 CD 39396 1371 5 - - SYM 39396 1371 6 679 679 CD 39396 1371 7 . . . 39396 1372 1 POILEY POILEY NNP 39396 1372 2 , , , 39396 1372 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1372 4 M. M. NNP 39396 1372 5 1949 1949 CD 39396 1372 6 . . . 39396 1373 1 Raising raise VBG 39396 1373 2 captive captive JJ 39396 1373 3 meadow meadow NN 39396 1373 4 voles vole NNS 39396 1373 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1373 6 _ _ NNP 39396 1373 7 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1373 8 p. p. NN 39396 1373 9 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NN 39396 1373 10 _ _ NNP 39396 1373 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1373 12 . . . 39396 1374 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1374 2 . . . 39396 1375 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1375 2 . . NNP 39396 1375 3 , , , 39396 1375 4 30:317 30:317 CD 39396 1375 5 . . . 39396 1376 1 RINKER RINKER NNP 39396 1376 2 , , , 39396 1376 3 G. G. NNP 39396 1376 4 C. C. NNP 39396 1376 5 1942a 1942a CD 39396 1376 6 . . . 39396 1377 1 Litter litter NN 39396 1377 2 records record NNS 39396 1377 3 of of IN 39396 1377 4 some some DT 39396 1377 5 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1377 6 of of IN 39396 1377 7 Meade Meade NNP 39396 1377 8 County County NNP 39396 1377 9 , , , 39396 1377 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1377 11 . . . 39396 1378 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1378 2 . . . 39396 1379 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1379 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1379 3 . . . 39396 1380 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1380 2 . . NNP 39396 1380 3 , , , 39396 1380 4 45:376 45:376 CD 39396 1380 5 - - SYM 39396 1380 6 378 378 CD 39396 1380 7 . . . 39396 1381 1 1942b 1942b CD 39396 1381 2 . . . 39396 1382 1 An an DT 39396 1382 2 extension extension NN 39396 1382 3 of of IN 39396 1382 4 the the DT 39396 1382 5 range range NN 39396 1382 6 of of IN 39396 1382 7 the the DT 39396 1382 8 Texas Texas NNP 39396 1382 9 cotton cotton NN 39396 1382 10 rat rat NN 39396 1382 11 in in IN 39396 1382 12 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1382 13 . . . 39396 1383 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1383 2 . . . 39396 1384 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1384 2 . . NNP 39396 1384 3 , , , 39396 1384 4 23:439 23:439 CD 39396 1384 5 . . . 39396 1385 1 SANDIDGE SANDIDGE NNP 39396 1385 2 , , , 39396 1385 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1385 4 L. L. NNP 39396 1385 5 1953 1953 CD 39396 1385 6 . . . 39396 1386 1 Food food NN 39396 1386 2 and and CC 39396 1386 3 dens den NNS 39396 1386 4 of of IN 39396 1386 5 the the DT 39396 1386 6 opossum opossum NN 39396 1386 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1386 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1386 9 Didelphis Didelphis NNP 39396 1386 10 virginiana virginiana IN 39396 1386 11 _ _ NNP 39396 1386 12 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1386 13 in in IN 39396 1386 14 northeastern northeastern JJ 39396 1386 15 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1386 16 . . . 39396 1387 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1387 2 . . . 39396 1388 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1388 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1388 3 . . . 39396 1389 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1389 2 . . NNP 39396 1389 3 , , , 39396 1389 4 56:97 56:97 CD 39396 1389 5 - - SYM 39396 1389 6 106 106 CD 39396 1389 7 . . . 39396 1390 1 SELLE selle RB 39396 1390 2 , , , 39396 1390 3 R. R. NNP 39396 1390 4 M. M. NNP 39396 1390 5 1928 1928 CD 39396 1390 6 . . . 39396 1391 1 _ _ NNP 39396 1391 2 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1391 3 californicus californicus NN 39396 1391 4 _ _ NNP 39396 1391 5 in in IN 39396 1391 6 captivity captivity NN 39396 1391 7 . . . 39396 1392 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1392 2 . . . 39396 1393 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1393 2 . . . 39396 1393 3 , , , 39396 1393 4 9:93 9:93 CD 39396 1393 5 - - SYM 39396 1393 6 98 98 CD 39396 1393 7 . . . 39396 1394 1 SHAPIRO SHAPIRO NNP 39396 1394 2 , , , 39396 1394 3 J. J. NNP 39396 1395 1 1950 1950 CD 39396 1395 2 . . . 39396 1396 1 Notes note NNS 39396 1396 2 on on IN 39396 1396 3 the the DT 39396 1396 4 population population NN 39396 1396 5 dynamics dynamic NNS 39396 1396 6 of of IN 39396 1396 7 _ _ NNP 39396 1396 8 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1396 9 _ _ NNP 39396 1396 10 and and CC 39396 1396 11 _ _ NNP 39396 1396 12 Blarina Blarina NNP 39396 1396 13 _ _ NNP 39396 1396 14 with with IN 39396 1396 15 a a DT 39396 1396 16 record record NN 39396 1396 17 of of IN 39396 1396 18 albinism albinism NN 39396 1396 19 in in IN 39396 1396 20 _ _ NNP 39396 1396 21 Blarina Blarina NNP 39396 1396 22 _ _ NNP 39396 1396 23 . . . 39396 1397 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1397 2 . . . 39396 1398 1 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1398 2 Mgmt Mgmt NNP 39396 1398 3 , , , 39396 1398 4 14:359 14:359 CD 39396 1398 5 - - SYM 39396 1398 6 360 360 CD 39396 1398 7 . . . 39396 1399 1 STICKEL stickel JJ 39396 1399 2 , , , 39396 1399 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1399 4 F. F. NNP 39396 1399 5 1946 1946 CD 39396 1399 6 . . . 39396 1400 1 Experimental experimental JJ 39396 1400 2 analysis analysis NN 39396 1400 3 of of IN 39396 1400 4 methods method NNS 39396 1400 5 of of IN 39396 1400 6 measuring measure VBG 39396 1400 7 small small JJ 39396 1400 8 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1400 9 populations population NNS 39396 1400 10 . . . 39396 1401 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1401 2 . . . 39396 1402 1 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1402 2 Mgmt Mgmt NNP 39396 1402 3 . . NNP 39396 1402 4 , , , 39396 1402 5 10:150 10:150 CD 39396 1402 6 - - SYM 39396 1402 7 159 159 CD 39396 1402 8 . . . 39396 1403 1 1948 1948 CD 39396 1403 2 . . . 39396 1404 1 The the DT 39396 1404 2 trap trap NN 39396 1404 3 line line NN 39396 1404 4 as as IN 39396 1404 5 a a DT 39396 1404 6 measure measure NN 39396 1404 7 of of IN 39396 1404 8 small small JJ 39396 1404 9 mammal mammal JJ 39396 1404 10 populations population NNS 39396 1404 11 . . . 39396 1405 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1405 2 . . . 39396 1406 1 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1406 2 Mgmt Mgmt NNP 39396 1406 3 . . NNP 39396 1406 4 , , , 39396 1406 5 12:153 12:153 CD 39396 1406 6 - - SYM 39396 1406 7 161 161 CD 39396 1406 8 . . . 39396 1407 1 STRECKER STRECKER NNP 39396 1407 2 , , , 39396 1407 3 J. J. NNP 39396 1407 4 K. K. NNP 39396 1407 5 1929 1929 CD 39396 1407 6 . . . 39396 1408 1 Notes note NNS 39396 1408 2 on on IN 39396 1408 3 the the DT 39396 1408 4 Texas Texas NNP 39396 1408 5 cotton cotton NN 39396 1408 6 and and CC 39396 1408 7 Atwater Atwater NNP 39396 1408 8 wood wood NN 39396 1408 9 rats rat NNS 39396 1408 10 . . . 39396 1409 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1409 2 . . . 39396 1410 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1410 2 . . NNP 39396 1410 3 , , , 39396 1410 4 10:216 10:216 CD 39396 1410 5 - - SYM 39396 1410 6 220 220 CD 39396 1410 7 . . . 39396 1411 1 SUMMERHAYES SUMMERHAYES NNP 39396 1411 2 , , , 39396 1411 3 V. V. NNP 39396 1411 4 S. S. NNP 39396 1411 5 1941 1941 CD 39396 1411 6 . . . 39396 1412 1 The the DT 39396 1412 2 effects effect NNS 39396 1412 3 of of IN 39396 1412 4 voles vole NNS 39396 1412 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1412 6 _ _ NNP 39396 1412 7 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1412 8 agrestis agrestis NN 39396 1412 9 _ _ NNP 39396 1412 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1412 11 on on IN 39396 1412 12 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 1412 13 . . . 39396 1413 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1413 2 . . . 39396 1414 1 Ecol Ecol NNP 39396 1414 2 . . NNP 39396 1414 3 , , , 39396 1414 4 29:14 29:14 CD 39396 1414 5 - - SYM 39396 1414 6 48 48 CD 39396 1414 7 . . . 39396 1415 1 SVIHLA svihla JJ 39396 1415 2 , , , 39396 1415 3 A. a. NN 39396 1416 1 1929 1929 CD 39396 1416 2 . . . 39396 1417 1 Life life NN 39396 1417 2 history history NN 39396 1417 3 notes note VBZ 39396 1417 4 on on IN 39396 1417 5 _ _ NNP 39396 1417 6 Sigmodon Sigmodon NNP 39396 1417 7 hispidus hispidus NN 39396 1417 8 hispidus hispidus VBP 39396 1417 9 _ _ NNP 39396 1417 10 . . . 39396 1418 1 Jour Jour NNP 39396 1418 2 . . . 39396 1419 1 Mamm Mamm NNP 39396 1419 2 . . NNP 39396 1419 3 , , , 39396 1419 4 10:352 10:352 CD 39396 1419 5 - - SYM 39396 1419 6 353 353 CD 39396 1419 7 . . . 39396 1420 1 TOWNSEND TOWNSEND NNP 39396 1420 2 , , , 39396 1420 3 M. M. NNP 39396 1420 4 T. T. NNP 39396 1420 5 1935 1935 CD 39396 1420 6 . . . 39396 1421 1 Studies study NNS 39396 1421 2 on on IN 39396 1421 3 some some DT 39396 1421 4 small small JJ 39396 1421 5 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1421 6 of of IN 39396 1421 7 central central JJ 39396 1421 8 New New NNP 39396 1421 9 York York NNP 39396 1421 10 . . . 39396 1422 1 Roosevelt Roosevelt NNP 39396 1422 2 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1422 3 Annals Annals NNPS 39396 1422 4 , , , 39396 1422 5 4:1 4:1 CD 39396 1422 6 - - SYM 39396 1422 7 120 120 CD 39396 1422 8 . . . 39396 1423 1 UHLER UHLER NNP 39396 1423 2 , , , 39396 1423 3 F. F. NNP 39396 1423 4 M. M. NNP 39396 1423 5 , , , 39396 1423 6 C. C. NNP 39396 1423 7 COTTAM COTTAM NNP 39396 1423 8 , , , 39396 1423 9 and and CC 39396 1423 10 T. T. NNP 39396 1423 11 E. E. NNP 39396 1423 12 CLARKE CLARKE NNP 39396 1423 13 . . . 39396 1424 1 1939 1939 CD 39396 1424 2 . . . 39396 1425 1 Food food NN 39396 1425 2 of of IN 39396 1425 3 the the DT 39396 1425 4 snakes snake NNS 39396 1425 5 of of IN 39396 1425 6 George George NNP 39396 1425 7 Washington Washington NNP 39396 1425 8 National National NNP 39396 1425 9 Forest Forest NNP 39396 1425 10 , , , 39396 1425 11 Virginia Virginia NNP 39396 1425 12 . . . 39396 1426 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1426 2 . . . 39396 1427 1 4th 4th NNP 39396 1427 2 N. N. NNP 39396 1427 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1427 4 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 39396 1427 5 Conf Conf NNP 39396 1427 6 . . NNP 39396 1427 7 , , , 39396 1427 8 605 605 CD 39396 1427 9 - - SYM 39396 1427 10 622 622 CD 39396 1427 11 . . . 39396 1428 1 WOOSTER WOOSTER NNP 39396 1428 2 , , , 39396 1428 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1428 4 D. D. NNP 39396 1428 5 1935 1935 CD 39396 1428 6 . . . 39396 1429 1 Notes note NNS 39396 1429 2 on on IN 39396 1429 3 the the DT 39396 1429 4 effects effect NNS 39396 1429 5 of of IN 39396 1429 6 drought drought NN 39396 1429 7 on on IN 39396 1429 8 animal animal NN 39396 1429 9 populations population NNS 39396 1429 10 in in IN 39396 1429 11 western western JJ 39396 1429 12 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1429 13 . . . 39396 1430 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1430 2 . . . 39396 1431 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1431 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1431 3 . . . 39396 1432 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1432 2 . . NNP 39396 1432 3 , , , 39396 1432 4 38:351 38:351 CD 39396 1432 5 - - SYM 39396 1432 6 352 352 CD 39396 1432 7 . . . 39396 1433 1 1936 1936 CD 39396 1433 2 . . . 39396 1434 1 The the DT 39396 1434 2 contents content NNS 39396 1434 3 of of IN 39396 1434 4 owl owl JJ 39396 1434 5 pellets pellet NNS 39396 1434 6 as as IN 39396 1434 7 indicators indicator NNS 39396 1434 8 of of IN 39396 1434 9 habitat habitat JJ 39396 1434 10 preferences preference NNS 39396 1434 11 of of IN 39396 1434 12 small small JJ 39396 1434 13 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1434 14 . . . 39396 1435 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1435 2 . . . 39396 1436 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1436 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1436 3 . . . 39396 1437 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1437 2 . . NNP 39396 1437 3 , , , 39396 1437 4 39:395 39:395 CD 39396 1437 5 - - SYM 39396 1437 6 397 397 CD 39396 1437 7 . . . 39396 1438 1 1939 1939 CD 39396 1438 2 . . . 39396 1439 1 An an DT 39396 1439 2 ecological ecological JJ 39396 1439 3 evaluation evaluation NN 39396 1439 4 of of IN 39396 1439 5 predatees predatee NNS 39396 1439 6 on on IN 39396 1439 7 a a DT 39396 1439 8 mixed mixed JJ 39396 1439 9 prairie prairie NN 39396 1439 10 area area NN 39396 1439 11 in in IN 39396 1439 12 western western JJ 39396 1439 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1439 14 . . . 39396 1440 1 Trans tran NNS 39396 1440 2 . . . 39396 1441 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1441 2 Acad Acad NNP 39396 1441 3 . . . 39396 1442 1 Sci Sci NNP 39396 1442 2 . . NNP 39396 1442 3 , , , 39396 1442 4 42:515 42:515 CD 39396 1442 5 - - SYM 39396 1442 6 517 517 CD 39396 1442 7 . . . 39396 1443 1 _ _ NNP 39396 1443 2 Transmitted Transmitted NNP 39396 1443 3 May May NNP 39396 1443 4 19 19 CD 39396 1443 5 , , , 39396 1443 6 1955 1955 CD 39396 1443 7 . . . 39396 1443 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1443 9 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 39396 1443 10 OF of IN 39396 1443 11 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 39396 1443 12 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 39396 1443 13 , , , 39396 1443 14 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 39396 1443 15 OF of IN 39396 1443 16 NATURAL natural JJ 39396 1443 17 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 39396 1443 18 Institutional institutional JJ 39396 1443 19 libraries library NNS 39396 1443 20 interested interested JJ 39396 1443 21 in in IN 39396 1443 22 publications publication NNS 39396 1443 23 exchange exchange NN 39396 1443 24 may may MD 39396 1443 25 obtain obtain VB 39396 1443 26 this this DT 39396 1443 27 series series NN 39396 1443 28 by by IN 39396 1443 29 addressing address VBG 39396 1443 30 the the DT 39396 1443 31 Exchange Exchange NNP 39396 1443 32 Librarian Librarian NNP 39396 1443 33 , , , 39396 1443 34 University University NNP 39396 1443 35 of of IN 39396 1443 36 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1443 37 Library Library NNP 39396 1443 38 , , , 39396 1443 39 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 39396 1443 40 , , , 39396 1443 41 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1443 42 . . . 39396 1444 1 Copies copy NNS 39396 1444 2 for for IN 39396 1444 3 individuals individual NNS 39396 1444 4 , , , 39396 1444 5 persons person NNS 39396 1444 6 working work VBG 39396 1444 7 in in IN 39396 1444 8 a a DT 39396 1444 9 particular particular JJ 39396 1444 10 field field NN 39396 1444 11 of of IN 39396 1444 12 study study NN 39396 1444 13 , , , 39396 1444 14 may may MD 39396 1444 15 be be VB 39396 1444 16 obtained obtain VBN 39396 1444 17 by by IN 39396 1444 18 addressing address VBG 39396 1444 19 instead instead RB 39396 1444 20 the the DT 39396 1444 21 Museum Museum NNP 39396 1444 22 of of IN 39396 1444 23 Natural Natural NNP 39396 1444 24 History History NNP 39396 1444 25 , , , 39396 1444 26 University University NNP 39396 1444 27 of of IN 39396 1444 28 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1444 29 , , , 39396 1444 30 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 39396 1444 31 , , , 39396 1444 32 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1444 33 . . . 39396 1445 1 There there EX 39396 1445 2 is be VBZ 39396 1445 3 no no DT 39396 1445 4 provision provision NN 39396 1445 5 for for IN 39396 1445 6 sale sale NN 39396 1445 7 of of IN 39396 1445 8 this this DT 39396 1445 9 series series NN 39396 1445 10 by by IN 39396 1445 11 the the DT 39396 1445 12 University University NNP 39396 1445 13 Library Library NNP 39396 1445 14 which which WDT 39396 1445 15 meets meet VBZ 39396 1445 16 institutional institutional JJ 39396 1445 17 requests request NNS 39396 1445 18 , , , 39396 1445 19 or or CC 39396 1445 20 by by IN 39396 1445 21 the the DT 39396 1445 22 Museum Museum NNP 39396 1445 23 of of IN 39396 1445 24 Natural Natural NNP 39396 1445 25 History History NNP 39396 1445 26 which which WDT 39396 1445 27 meets meet VBZ 39396 1445 28 the the DT 39396 1445 29 requests request NNS 39396 1445 30 of of IN 39396 1445 31 individuals individual NNS 39396 1445 32 . . . 39396 1446 1 However however RB 39396 1446 2 , , , 39396 1446 3 when when WRB 39396 1446 4 individuals individual NNS 39396 1446 5 request request VBP 39396 1446 6 copies copy NNS 39396 1446 7 from from IN 39396 1446 8 the the DT 39396 1446 9 Museum Museum NNP 39396 1446 10 , , , 39396 1446 11 25 25 CD 39396 1446 12 cents cent NNS 39396 1446 13 should should MD 39396 1446 14 be be VB 39396 1446 15 included include VBN 39396 1446 16 , , , 39396 1446 17 for for IN 39396 1446 18 each each DT 39396 1446 19 separate separate JJ 39396 1446 20 number number NN 39396 1446 21 that that WDT 39396 1446 22 is be VBZ 39396 1446 23 100 100 CD 39396 1446 24 pages page NNS 39396 1446 25 or or CC 39396 1446 26 more more JJR 39396 1446 27 in in IN 39396 1446 28 length length NN 39396 1446 29 , , , 39396 1446 30 for for IN 39396 1446 31 the the DT 39396 1446 32 purpose purpose NN 39396 1446 33 of of IN 39396 1446 34 defraying defray VBG 39396 1446 35 the the DT 39396 1446 36 costs cost NNS 39396 1446 37 of of IN 39396 1446 38 wrapping wrapping NN 39396 1446 39 and and CC 39396 1446 40 mailing mailing NN 39396 1446 41 . . . 39396 1447 1 * * NFP 39396 1447 2 An an DT 39396 1447 3 asterisk asterisk NN 39396 1447 4 designates designate VBZ 39396 1447 5 those those DT 39396 1447 6 numbers number NNS 39396 1447 7 of of IN 39396 1447 8 which which WDT 39396 1447 9 the the DT 39396 1447 10 Museum Museum NNP 39396 1447 11 's 's POS 39396 1447 12 supply supply NN 39396 1447 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1447 14 not not RB 39396 1447 15 the the DT 39396 1447 16 Library Library NNP 39396 1447 17 's 's POS 39396 1447 18 supply supply NN 39396 1447 19 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1447 20 is be VBZ 39396 1447 21 exhausted exhaust VBN 39396 1447 22 . . . 39396 1448 1 Numbers number NNS 39396 1448 2 published publish VBN 39396 1448 3 to to IN 39396 1448 4 date date NN 39396 1448 5 , , , 39396 1448 6 in in IN 39396 1448 7 this this DT 39396 1448 8 series series NN 39396 1448 9 , , , 39396 1448 10 are be VBP 39396 1448 11 as as IN 39396 1448 12 follows follow VBZ 39396 1448 13 : : : 39396 1448 14 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1448 15 . . . 39396 1449 1 1 1 LS 39396 1449 2 . . . 39396 1450 1 Nos nos UH 39396 1450 2 . . . 39396 1451 1 1 1 CD 39396 1451 2 - - SYM 39396 1451 3 26 26 CD 39396 1451 4 and and CC 39396 1451 5 index index NN 39396 1451 6 . . . 39396 1452 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1452 2 . . . 39396 1453 1 1 1 CD 39396 1453 2 - - SYM 39396 1453 3 638 638 CD 39396 1453 4 , , , 39396 1453 5 1946 1946 CD 39396 1453 6 - - SYM 39396 1453 7 1950 1950 CD 39396 1453 8 . . . 39396 1454 1 Index index NN 39396 1454 2 . . . 39396 1455 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1455 2 . . . 39396 1456 1 605 605 CD 39396 1456 2 - - SYM 39396 1456 3 638 638 CD 39396 1456 4 . . . 39396 1457 1 * * NFP 39396 1457 2 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1457 3 . . . 39396 1458 1 2 2 LS 39396 1458 2 . . . 39396 1459 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1459 2 Complete complete JJ 39396 1459 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1459 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS 39396 1459 5 of of IN 39396 1459 6 Washington Washington NNP 39396 1459 7 . . . 39396 1460 1 By by IN 39396 1460 2 Walter Walter NNP 39396 1460 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1460 4 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 39396 1460 5 . . . 39396 1461 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1461 2 . . . 39396 1462 1 1 1 CD 39396 1462 2 - - SYM 39396 1462 3 444 444 CD 39396 1462 4 , , , 39396 1462 5 140 140 CD 39396 1462 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1462 7 in in IN 39396 1462 8 text text NN 39396 1462 9 . . . 39396 1463 1 April April NNP 39396 1463 2 9 9 CD 39396 1463 3 , , , 39396 1463 4 1948 1948 CD 39396 1463 5 . . . 39396 1464 1 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1464 2 . . . 39396 1465 1 3 3 LS 39396 1465 2 . . . 39396 1466 1 * * NFP 39396 1466 2 1 1 CD 39396 1466 3 . . . 39396 1467 1 The the DT 39396 1467 2 avifauna avifauna NN 39396 1467 3 of of IN 39396 1467 4 Micronesia Micronesia NNP 39396 1467 5 , , , 39396 1467 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1467 7 origin origin NN 39396 1467 8 , , , 39396 1467 9 evolution evolution NN 39396 1467 10 , , , 39396 1467 11 and and CC 39396 1467 12 distribution distribution NN 39396 1467 13 . . . 39396 1468 1 By by IN 39396 1468 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1468 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1468 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1468 5 . . . 39396 1469 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1469 2 . . . 39396 1470 1 1 1 LS 39396 1470 2 - - SYM 39396 1470 3 359 359 CD 39396 1470 4 , , , 39396 1470 5 16 16 CD 39396 1470 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1470 7 in in IN 39396 1470 8 text text NN 39396 1470 9 . . . 39396 1471 1 June June NNP 39396 1471 2 12 12 CD 39396 1471 3 , , , 39396 1471 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1471 5 . . . 39396 1472 1 * * NFP 39396 1472 2 2 2 CD 39396 1472 3 . . . 39396 1473 1 A a DT 39396 1473 2 quantitative quantitative JJ 39396 1473 3 study study NN 39396 1473 4 of of IN 39396 1473 5 the the DT 39396 1473 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 39396 1473 7 migration migration NN 39396 1473 8 of of IN 39396 1473 9 birds bird NNS 39396 1473 10 . . . 39396 1474 1 By by IN 39396 1474 2 George George NNP 39396 1474 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1474 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 39396 1474 5 , , , 39396 1474 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1474 7 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1474 8 . . . 39396 1475 1 361 361 CD 39396 1475 2 - - SYM 39396 1475 3 472 472 CD 39396 1475 4 , , , 39396 1475 5 47 47 CD 39396 1475 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1475 7 in in IN 39396 1475 8 text text NN 39396 1475 9 . . . 39396 1476 1 June June NNP 39396 1476 2 29 29 CD 39396 1476 3 , , , 39396 1476 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1476 5 . . . 39396 1477 1 3 3 LS 39396 1477 2 . . . 39396 1478 1 Phylogeny phylogeny VB 39396 1478 2 of of IN 39396 1478 3 the the DT 39396 1478 4 waxwings waxwing NNS 39396 1478 5 and and CC 39396 1478 6 allied ally VBN 39396 1478 7 birds bird NNS 39396 1478 8 . . . 39396 1479 1 By by IN 39396 1479 2 M. M. NNP 39396 1479 3 Dale Dale NNP 39396 1479 4 Arvey Arvey NNP 39396 1479 5 . . . 39396 1480 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1480 2 . . . 39396 1481 1 473 473 CD 39396 1481 2 - - SYM 39396 1481 3 530 530 CD 39396 1481 4 , , , 39396 1481 5 49 49 CD 39396 1481 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1481 7 in in IN 39396 1481 8 text text NN 39396 1481 9 , , , 39396 1481 10 13 13 CD 39396 1481 11 tables table NNS 39396 1481 12 . . . 39396 1482 1 October October NNP 39396 1482 2 10 10 CD 39396 1482 3 , , , 39396 1482 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1482 5 . . . 39396 1483 1 4 4 LS 39396 1483 2 . . . 39396 1484 1 Birds bird NNS 39396 1484 2 from from IN 39396 1484 3 the the DT 39396 1484 4 state state NN 39396 1484 5 of of IN 39396 1484 6 Veracruz Veracruz NNP 39396 1484 7 , , , 39396 1484 8 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1484 9 . . . 39396 1485 1 By by IN 39396 1485 2 George George NNP 39396 1485 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1485 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 39396 1485 5 , , , 39396 1485 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1485 7 , , , 39396 1485 8 and and CC 39396 1485 9 Walter Walter NNP 39396 1485 10 W. W. NNP 39396 1485 11 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 39396 1485 12 . . . 39396 1486 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1486 2 . . . 39396 1487 1 531 531 CD 39396 1487 2 - - SYM 39396 1487 3 649 649 CD 39396 1487 4 , , , 39396 1487 5 7 7 CD 39396 1487 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1487 7 in in IN 39396 1487 8 text text NN 39396 1487 9 , , , 39396 1487 10 2 2 CD 39396 1487 11 tables table NNS 39396 1487 12 . . . 39396 1488 1 October October NNP 39396 1488 2 10 10 CD 39396 1488 3 , , , 39396 1488 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1488 5 . . . 39396 1489 1 Index index NN 39396 1489 2 . . . 39396 1490 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1490 2 . . . 39396 1491 1 651 651 CD 39396 1491 2 - - SYM 39396 1491 3 681 681 CD 39396 1491 4 . . . 39396 1492 1 * * NFP 39396 1492 2 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1492 3 . . . 39396 1493 1 4 4 LS 39396 1493 2 . . . 39396 1494 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1494 2 Complete complete JJ 39396 1494 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1494 4 American american JJ 39396 1494 5 weasels weasel NNS 39396 1494 6 . . . 39396 1495 1 By by IN 39396 1495 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1495 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1495 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1495 5 . . . 39396 1496 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1496 2 . . . 39396 1497 1 1 1 CD 39396 1497 2 - - SYM 39396 1497 3 466 466 CD 39396 1497 4 , , , 39396 1497 5 41 41 CD 39396 1497 6 plates plate NNS 39396 1497 7 , , , 39396 1497 8 31 31 CD 39396 1497 9 figures figure NNS 39396 1497 10 in in IN 39396 1497 11 text text NN 39396 1497 12 . . . 39396 1498 1 December December NNP 39396 1498 2 27 27 CD 39396 1498 3 , , , 39396 1498 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1498 5 . . . 39396 1499 1 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1499 2 . . . 39396 1500 1 5 5 CD 39396 1500 2 . . . 39396 1501 1 1 1 LS 39396 1501 2 . . . 39396 1502 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ 39396 1502 2 survey survey NN 39396 1502 3 of of IN 39396 1502 4 a a DT 39396 1502 5 Paleocene Paleocene NNP 39396 1502 6 faunule faunule NN 39396 1502 7 from from IN 39396 1502 8 the the DT 39396 1502 9 Angels Angels NNPS 39396 1502 10 Peak Peak NNP 39396 1502 11 area area NN 39396 1502 12 , , , 39396 1502 13 New New NNP 39396 1502 14 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1502 15 . . . 39396 1503 1 By by IN 39396 1503 2 Robert Robert NNP 39396 1503 3 W. W. NNP 39396 1503 4 Wilson Wilson NNP 39396 1503 5 . . . 39396 1504 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1504 2 . . . 39396 1505 1 1 1 CD 39396 1505 2 - - SYM 39396 1505 3 11 11 CD 39396 1505 4 , , , 39396 1505 5 1 1 CD 39396 1505 6 figure figure NN 39396 1505 7 in in IN 39396 1505 8 text text NN 39396 1505 9 . . . 39396 1506 1 February February NNP 39396 1506 2 24 24 CD 39396 1506 3 , , , 39396 1506 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1506 5 . . . 39396 1507 1 2 2 LS 39396 1507 2 . . . 39396 1508 1 Two two CD 39396 1508 2 new new JJ 39396 1508 3 moles mole NNS 39396 1508 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1508 5 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1508 6 Scalopus Scalopus NNP 39396 1508 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1508 8 from from IN 39396 1508 9 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1508 10 and and CC 39396 1508 11 Texas Texas NNP 39396 1508 12 . . . 39396 1509 1 By by IN 39396 1509 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1509 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1509 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1509 5 . . . 39396 1510 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1510 2 . . . 39396 1511 1 17 17 CD 39396 1511 2 - - SYM 39396 1511 3 24 24 CD 39396 1511 4 . . . 39396 1512 1 February February NNP 39396 1512 2 28 28 CD 39396 1512 3 , , , 39396 1512 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1512 5 . . . 39396 1513 1 3 3 LS 39396 1513 2 . . . 39396 1514 1 Two two CD 39396 1514 2 new new JJ 39396 1514 3 pocket pocket NN 39396 1514 4 gophers gopher NNS 39396 1514 5 from from IN 39396 1514 6 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 39396 1514 7 and and CC 39396 1514 8 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1514 9 . . . 39396 1515 1 By by IN 39396 1515 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1515 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1515 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1515 5 and and CC 39396 1515 6 H. H. NNP 39396 1515 7 Gordon Gordon NNP 39396 1515 8 Montague Montague NNP 39396 1515 9 . . . 39396 1516 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1516 2 . . . 39396 1517 1 25 25 CD 39396 1517 2 - - SYM 39396 1517 3 32 32 CD 39396 1517 4 . . . 39396 1518 1 February February NNP 39396 1518 2 28 28 CD 39396 1518 3 , , , 39396 1518 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1518 5 . . . 39396 1519 1 4 4 LS 39396 1519 2 . . . 39396 1520 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1520 2 obtained obtain VBN 39396 1520 3 by by IN 39396 1520 4 Dr. Dr. NNP 39396 1520 5 Curt Curt NNP 39396 1520 6 von von NNP 39396 1520 7 Wedel Wedel NNP 39396 1520 8 from from IN 39396 1520 9 the the DT 39396 1520 10 barrier barrier NN 39396 1520 11 beach beach NN 39396 1520 12 of of IN 39396 1520 13 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas NNP 39396 1520 14 , , , 39396 1520 15 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1520 16 . . . 39396 1521 1 By by IN 39396 1521 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1521 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1521 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1521 5 . . . 39396 1522 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1522 2 . . . 39396 1523 1 33 33 CD 39396 1523 2 - - SYM 39396 1523 3 47 47 CD 39396 1523 4 , , , 39396 1523 5 1 1 CD 39396 1523 6 figure figure NN 39396 1523 7 in in IN 39396 1523 8 text text NN 39396 1523 9 . . . 39396 1524 1 October October NNP 39396 1524 2 1 1 CD 39396 1524 3 , , , 39396 1524 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1524 5 . . . 39396 1525 1 5 5 CD 39396 1525 2 . . . 39396 1526 1 Comments comment NNS 39396 1526 2 on on IN 39396 1526 3 the the DT 39396 1526 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1526 5 and and CC 39396 1526 6 geographic geographic JJ 39396 1526 7 distribution distribution NN 39396 1526 8 of of IN 39396 1526 9 some some DT 39396 1526 10 North north JJ 39396 1526 11 American american JJ 39396 1526 12 rabbits rabbit NNS 39396 1526 13 . . . 39396 1527 1 By by IN 39396 1527 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1527 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1527 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1527 5 and and CC 39396 1527 6 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1527 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1527 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1527 9 . . . 39396 1528 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1528 2 . . . 39396 1529 1 49 49 CD 39396 1529 2 - - SYM 39396 1529 3 58 58 CD 39396 1529 4 . . . 39396 1530 1 October October NNP 39396 1530 2 1 1 CD 39396 1530 3 , , , 39396 1530 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1530 5 . . . 39396 1531 1 6 6 CD 39396 1531 2 . . . 39396 1532 1 Two two CD 39396 1532 2 new new JJ 39396 1532 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1532 4 of of IN 39396 1532 5 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 39396 1532 6 bottae bottae NN 39396 1532 7 from from IN 39396 1532 8 New New NNP 39396 1532 9 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1532 10 and and CC 39396 1532 11 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1532 12 . . . 39396 1533 1 By by IN 39396 1533 2 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1533 3 R. R. NNP 39396 1533 4 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1533 5 . . . 39396 1534 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1534 2 . . . 39396 1535 1 59 59 CD 39396 1535 2 - - SYM 39396 1535 3 71 71 CD 39396 1535 4 , , , 39396 1535 5 1 1 CD 39396 1535 6 figure figure NN 39396 1535 7 in in IN 39396 1535 8 text text NN 39396 1535 9 . . . 39396 1536 1 October October NNP 39396 1536 2 1 1 CD 39396 1536 3 , , , 39396 1536 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1536 5 . . . 39396 1537 1 7 7 LS 39396 1537 2 . . . 39396 1538 1 A a DT 39396 1538 2 new new JJ 39396 1538 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1538 4 of of IN 39396 1538 5 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1538 6 montanus montanus NN 39396 1538 7 from from IN 39396 1538 8 Montana Montana NNP 39396 1538 9 and and CC 39396 1538 10 comments comment NNS 39396 1538 11 on on IN 39396 1538 12 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1538 13 canicaudus canicaudus NN 39396 1538 14 Miller Miller NNP 39396 1538 15 . . . 39396 1539 1 By by IN 39396 1539 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1539 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1539 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1539 5 and and CC 39396 1539 6 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1539 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1539 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1539 9 . . . 39396 1540 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1540 2 . . . 39396 1541 1 73 73 CD 39396 1541 2 - - SYM 39396 1541 3 79 79 CD 39396 1541 4 . . . 39396 1542 1 October October NNP 39396 1542 2 1 1 CD 39396 1542 3 , , , 39396 1542 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1542 5 . . . 39396 1543 1 8 8 LS 39396 1543 2 . . . 39396 1544 1 A a DT 39396 1544 2 new new JJ 39396 1544 3 pocket pocket NN 39396 1544 4 gopher gopher NN 39396 1544 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1544 6 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1544 7 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 39396 1544 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1544 9 from from IN 39396 1544 10 eastern eastern JJ 39396 1544 11 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1544 12 . . . 39396 1545 1 By by IN 39396 1545 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1545 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1545 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1545 5 . . . 39396 1546 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1546 2 . . . 39396 1547 1 81 81 CD 39396 1547 2 - - SYM 39396 1547 3 85 85 CD 39396 1547 4 . . . 39396 1548 1 October October NNP 39396 1548 2 1 1 CD 39396 1548 3 , , , 39396 1548 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1548 5 . . . 39396 1549 1 9 9 CD 39396 1549 2 . . . 39396 1550 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1550 2 taken take VBN 39396 1550 3 along along RP 39396 1550 4 the the DT 39396 1550 5 Alaskan Alaskan NNP 39396 1550 6 Highway Highway NNP 39396 1550 7 . . . 39396 1551 1 By by IN 39396 1551 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1551 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1551 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1551 5 . . . 39396 1552 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1552 2 . . . 39396 1553 1 87 87 CD 39396 1553 2 - - SYM 39396 1553 3 117 117 CD 39396 1553 4 , , , 39396 1553 5 1 1 CD 39396 1553 6 figure figure NN 39396 1553 7 in in IN 39396 1553 8 text text NN 39396 1553 9 . . . 39396 1554 1 November November NNP 39396 1554 2 28 28 CD 39396 1554 3 , , , 39396 1554 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1554 5 . . . 39396 1555 1 * * NFP 39396 1555 2 10 10 CD 39396 1555 3 . . . 39396 1556 1 A a DT 39396 1556 2 synopsis synopsis NN 39396 1556 3 of of IN 39396 1556 4 the the DT 39396 1556 5 North North NNP 39396 1556 6 American American NNP 39396 1556 7 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP 39396 1556 8 . . . 39396 1557 1 By by IN 39396 1557 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1557 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1557 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1557 5 . . . 39396 1558 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1558 2 . . . 39396 1559 1 119 119 CD 39396 1559 2 - - SYM 39396 1559 3 202 202 CD 39396 1559 4 , , , 39396 1559 5 68 68 CD 39396 1559 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1559 7 in in IN 39396 1559 8 text text NN 39396 1559 9 . . . 39396 1560 1 December December NNP 39396 1560 2 15 15 CD 39396 1560 3 , , , 39396 1560 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1560 5 . . . 39396 1561 1 11 11 CD 39396 1561 2 . . . 39396 1562 1 A a DT 39396 1562 2 new new JJ 39396 1562 3 pocket pocket NN 39396 1562 4 mouse mouse NN 39396 1562 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1562 6 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1562 7 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 39396 1562 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1562 9 from from IN 39396 1562 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1562 11 . . . 39396 1563 1 By by IN 39396 1563 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1563 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 39396 1563 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 1563 5 . . . 39396 1564 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1564 2 . . . 39396 1565 1 203 203 CD 39396 1565 2 - - SYM 39396 1565 3 206 206 CD 39396 1565 4 . . . 39396 1566 1 December December NNP 39396 1566 2 15 15 CD 39396 1566 3 , , , 39396 1566 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1566 5 . . . 39396 1567 1 12 12 CD 39396 1567 2 . . . 39396 1568 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1568 2 from from IN 39396 1568 3 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas NNP 39396 1568 4 , , , 39396 1568 5 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1568 6 . . . 39396 1569 1 By by IN 39396 1569 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1569 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1569 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1569 5 . . . 39396 1570 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1570 2 . . . 39396 1571 1 207 207 CD 39396 1571 2 - - SYM 39396 1571 3 218 218 CD 39396 1571 4 . . . 39396 1572 1 December December NNP 39396 1572 2 15 15 CD 39396 1572 3 , , , 39396 1572 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1572 5 . . . 39396 1573 1 13 13 CD 39396 1573 2 . . . 39396 1574 1 A a DT 39396 1574 2 new new JJ 39396 1574 3 pocket pocket NN 39396 1574 4 gopher gopher NN 39396 1574 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1574 6 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1574 7 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 39396 1574 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1574 9 from from IN 39396 1574 10 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 39396 1574 11 and and CC 39396 1574 12 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1574 13 . . . 39396 1575 1 By by IN 39396 1575 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1575 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1575 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1575 5 . . . 39396 1576 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1576 2 . . . 39396 1577 1 219 219 CD 39396 1577 2 - - SYM 39396 1577 3 222 222 CD 39396 1577 4 . . . 39396 1578 1 December December NNP 39396 1578 2 15 15 CD 39396 1578 3 , , , 39396 1578 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1578 5 . . . 39396 1579 1 14 14 CD 39396 1579 2 . . . 39396 1580 1 A a DT 39396 1580 2 new new JJ 39396 1580 3 name name NN 39396 1580 4 for for IN 39396 1580 5 the the DT 39396 1580 6 Mexican mexican JJ 39396 1580 7 red red JJ 39396 1580 8 bat bat NN 39396 1580 9 . . . 39396 1581 1 By by IN 39396 1581 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1581 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1581 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1581 5 . . . 39396 1582 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1582 2 . . . 39396 1583 1 223 223 CD 39396 1583 2 - - SYM 39396 1583 3 226 226 CD 39396 1583 4 . . . 39396 1584 1 December December NNP 39396 1584 2 15 15 CD 39396 1584 3 , , , 39396 1584 4 1951 1951 CD 39396 1584 5 . . . 39396 1585 1 15 15 CD 39396 1585 2 . . . 39396 1586 1 Taxonomic taxonomic JJ 39396 1586 2 notes note NNS 39396 1586 3 on on IN 39396 1586 4 Mexican mexican JJ 39396 1586 5 bats bat NNS 39396 1586 6 of of IN 39396 1586 7 the the DT 39396 1586 8 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1586 9 Rhogeëssa Rhogeëssa NNP 39396 1586 10 . . . 39396 1587 1 By by IN 39396 1587 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1587 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1587 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1587 5 . . . 39396 1588 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1588 2 . . . 39396 1589 1 227 227 CD 39396 1589 2 - - SYM 39396 1589 3 232 232 CD 39396 1589 4 . . . 39396 1590 1 April April NNP 39396 1590 2 10 10 CD 39396 1590 3 , , , 39396 1590 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1590 5 . . . 39396 1591 1 16 16 CD 39396 1591 2 . . . 39396 1592 1 Comments comment NNS 39396 1592 2 on on IN 39396 1592 3 the the DT 39396 1592 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1592 5 and and CC 39396 1592 6 geographic geographic JJ 39396 1592 7 distribution distribution NN 39396 1592 8 of of IN 39396 1592 9 some some DT 39396 1592 10 North north JJ 39396 1592 11 American american JJ 39396 1592 12 woodrats woodrat NNS 39396 1592 13 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1592 14 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1592 15 Neotoma Neotoma NNP 39396 1592 16 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1592 17 . . . 39396 1593 1 By by IN 39396 1593 2 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1593 3 R. R. NNP 39396 1593 4 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1593 5 . . . 39396 1594 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1594 2 . . . 39396 1595 1 233 233 CD 39396 1595 2 - - SYM 39396 1595 3 242 242 CD 39396 1595 4 . . . 39396 1596 1 April April NNP 39396 1596 2 10 10 CD 39396 1596 3 , , , 39396 1596 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1596 5 . . . 39396 1597 1 17 17 CD 39396 1597 2 . . . 39396 1598 1 The the DT 39396 1598 2 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1598 3 of of IN 39396 1598 4 the the DT 39396 1598 5 Mexican mexican JJ 39396 1598 6 red red JJ 39396 1598 7 - - HYPH 39396 1598 8 bellied bellied JJ 39396 1598 9 squirrel squirrel NN 39396 1598 10 , , , 39396 1598 11 Sciurus Sciurus NNP 39396 1598 12 aureogaster aureogaster NN 39396 1598 13 . . . 39396 1599 1 By by IN 39396 1599 2 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1599 3 R. R. NNP 39396 1599 4 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1599 5 . . . 39396 1600 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1600 2 . . . 39396 1601 1 243 243 CD 39396 1601 2 - - SYM 39396 1601 3 250 250 CD 39396 1601 4 , , , 39396 1601 5 1 1 CD 39396 1601 6 figure figure NN 39396 1601 7 in in IN 39396 1601 8 text text NN 39396 1601 9 . . . 39396 1602 1 April April NNP 39396 1602 2 10 10 CD 39396 1602 3 , , , 39396 1602 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1602 5 . . . 39396 1603 1 18 18 CD 39396 1603 2 . . . 39396 1604 1 Geographic geographic JJ 39396 1604 2 range range NN 39396 1604 3 of of IN 39396 1604 4 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 39396 1604 5 melanophrys melanophrys NNP 39396 1604 6 , , , 39396 1604 7 with with IN 39396 1604 8 description description NN 39396 1604 9 of of IN 39396 1604 10 new new JJ 39396 1604 11 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1604 12 . . . 39396 1605 1 By by IN 39396 1605 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1605 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1605 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1605 5 . . . 39396 1606 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1606 2 . . . 39396 1607 1 251 251 CD 39396 1607 2 - - HYPH 39396 1607 3 258 258 CD 39396 1607 4 , , , 39396 1607 5 1 1 CD 39396 1607 6 figure figure NN 39396 1607 7 in in IN 39396 1607 8 text text NN 39396 1607 9 . . . 39396 1608 1 May May NNP 39396 1608 2 10 10 CD 39396 1608 3 , , , 39396 1608 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1608 5 . . . 39396 1609 1 19 19 CD 39396 1609 2 . . . 39396 1610 1 A a DT 39396 1610 2 new new JJ 39396 1610 3 chipmunk chipmunk NN 39396 1610 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1610 5 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1610 6 Eutamias Eutamias NNP 39396 1610 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1610 8 from from IN 39396 1610 9 the the DT 39396 1610 10 Black Black NNP 39396 1610 11 Hills Hills NNPS 39396 1610 12 . . . 39396 1611 1 By by IN 39396 1611 2 John John NNP 39396 1611 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1612 1 White white JJ 39396 1612 2 . . . 39396 1613 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1613 2 . . . 39396 1614 1 259 259 CD 39396 1614 2 - - SYM 39396 1614 3 262 262 CD 39396 1614 4 . . . 39396 1615 1 April April NNP 39396 1615 2 10 10 CD 39396 1615 3 , , , 39396 1615 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1615 5 . . . 39396 1616 1 20 20 CD 39396 1616 2 . . . 39396 1617 1 A a DT 39396 1617 2 new new JJ 39396 1617 3 piñon piñon JJ 39396 1617 4 mouse mouse NN 39396 1617 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1617 6 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 39396 1617 7 truei truei NN 39396 1617 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1617 9 from from IN 39396 1617 10 Durango Durango NNP 39396 1617 11 , , , 39396 1617 12 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1617 13 . . . 39396 1618 1 By by IN 39396 1618 2 Robert Robert NNP 39396 1618 3 B. B. NNP 39396 1618 4 Finley Finley NNP 39396 1618 5 , , , 39396 1618 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1618 7 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1618 8 . . . 39396 1619 1 263 263 CD 39396 1619 2 - - SYM 39396 1619 3 267 267 CD 39396 1619 4 . . . 39396 1620 1 May May NNP 39396 1620 2 23 23 CD 39396 1620 3 , , , 39396 1620 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1620 5 . . . 39396 1621 1 21 21 CD 39396 1621 2 . . . 39396 1622 1 An an DT 39396 1622 2 annotated annotate VBN 39396 1622 3 checklist checklist NN 39396 1622 4 of of IN 39396 1622 5 Nebraskan nebraskan JJ 39396 1622 6 bats bat NNS 39396 1622 7 . . . 39396 1623 1 By by IN 39396 1623 2 Olin Olin NNP 39396 1623 3 L. L. NNP 39396 1623 4 Webb Webb NNP 39396 1623 5 and and CC 39396 1623 6 J. J. NNP 39396 1623 7 Knox Knox NNP 39396 1623 8 Jones Jones NNP 39396 1623 9 , , , 39396 1623 10 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1623 11 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1623 12 . . . 39396 1624 1 269 269 CD 39396 1624 2 - - SYM 39396 1624 3 279 279 CD 39396 1624 4 . . . 39396 1625 1 May May NNP 39396 1625 2 31 31 CD 39396 1625 3 , , , 39396 1625 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1625 5 . . . 39396 1626 1 22 22 CD 39396 1626 2 . . . 39396 1627 1 Geographic geographic JJ 39396 1627 2 variation variation NN 39396 1627 3 in in IN 39396 1627 4 red red JJ 39396 1627 5 - - HYPH 39396 1627 6 backed back VBN 39396 1627 7 mice mouse NNS 39396 1627 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1627 9 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1627 10 Clethrionomys Clethrionomys NNP 39396 1627 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1627 12 of of IN 39396 1627 13 the the DT 39396 1627 14 southern southern JJ 39396 1627 15 Rocky Rocky NNP 39396 1627 16 Mountain Mountain NNP 39396 1627 17 region region NN 39396 1627 18 . . . 39396 1628 1 By by IN 39396 1628 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1628 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 39396 1628 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 1628 5 and and CC 39396 1628 6 Kenneth Kenneth NNP 39396 1628 7 L. L. NNP 39396 1628 8 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 1628 9 . . . 39396 1629 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1629 2 . . . 39396 1630 1 281 281 CD 39396 1630 2 - - SYM 39396 1630 3 292 292 CD 39396 1630 4 , , , 39396 1630 5 1 1 CD 39396 1630 6 figure figure NN 39396 1630 7 in in IN 39396 1630 8 text text NN 39396 1630 9 . . . 39396 1631 1 November November NNP 39396 1631 2 15 15 CD 39396 1631 3 , , , 39396 1631 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1631 5 . . . 39396 1632 1 23 23 CD 39396 1632 2 . . . 39396 1633 1 Comments comment NNS 39396 1633 2 on on IN 39396 1633 3 the the DT 39396 1633 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1633 5 and and CC 39396 1633 6 geographic geographic JJ 39396 1633 7 distribution distribution NN 39396 1633 8 of of IN 39396 1633 9 North north JJ 39396 1633 10 American american JJ 39396 1633 11 microtines microtine NNS 39396 1633 12 . . . 39396 1634 1 By by IN 39396 1634 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1634 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1634 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1634 5 and and CC 39396 1634 6 E. E. NNP 39396 1634 7 Lendell Lendell NNP 39396 1634 8 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 1634 9 . . . 39396 1635 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1635 2 . . . 39396 1636 1 293 293 CD 39396 1636 2 - - SYM 39396 1636 3 312 312 CD 39396 1636 4 . . . 39396 1637 1 November November NNP 39396 1637 2 17 17 CD 39396 1637 3 , , , 39396 1637 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1637 5 . . . 39396 1638 1 24 24 CD 39396 1638 2 . . . 39396 1639 1 The the DT 39396 1639 2 subspecific subspecific NN 39396 1639 3 status status NN 39396 1639 4 of of IN 39396 1639 5 two two CD 39396 1639 6 Central central JJ 39396 1639 7 American american JJ 39396 1639 8 sloths sloth NNS 39396 1639 9 . . . 39396 1640 1 By by IN 39396 1640 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1640 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1640 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1640 5 and and CC 39396 1640 6 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1640 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1640 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1640 9 . . . 39396 1641 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1641 2 . . . 39396 1642 1 313 313 CD 39396 1642 2 - - SYM 39396 1642 3 317 317 CD 39396 1642 4 . . . 39396 1643 1 November November NNP 39396 1643 2 21 21 CD 39396 1643 3 , , , 39396 1643 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1643 5 . . . 39396 1644 1 25 25 CD 39396 1644 2 . . . 39396 1645 1 Comments comment NNS 39396 1645 2 on on IN 39396 1645 3 the the DT 39396 1645 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1645 5 and and CC 39396 1645 6 geographic geographic JJ 39396 1645 7 distribution distribution NN 39396 1645 8 of of IN 39396 1645 9 some some DT 39396 1645 10 North north JJ 39396 1645 11 American american JJ 39396 1645 12 marsupials marsupial NNS 39396 1645 13 , , , 39396 1645 14 insectivores insectivore NNS 39396 1645 15 , , , 39396 1645 16 and and CC 39396 1645 17 carnivores carnivore NNS 39396 1645 18 . . . 39396 1646 1 By by IN 39396 1646 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1646 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1646 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1646 5 and and CC 39396 1646 6 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1646 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1646 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1646 9 . . . 39396 1647 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1647 2 . . . 39396 1648 1 319 319 CD 39396 1648 2 - - SYM 39396 1648 3 341 341 CD 39396 1648 4 . . . 39396 1649 1 December December NNP 39396 1649 2 5 5 CD 39396 1649 3 , , , 39396 1649 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1649 5 . . . 39396 1650 1 26 26 CD 39396 1650 2 . . . 39396 1651 1 Comments comment NNS 39396 1651 2 on on IN 39396 1651 3 the the DT 39396 1651 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1651 5 and and CC 39396 1651 6 geographic geographic JJ 39396 1651 7 distribution distribution NN 39396 1651 8 of of IN 39396 1651 9 some some DT 39396 1651 10 North north JJ 39396 1651 11 American american JJ 39396 1651 12 rodents rodent NNS 39396 1651 13 . . . 39396 1652 1 By by IN 39396 1652 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1652 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1652 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1652 5 and and CC 39396 1652 6 Keith Keith NNP 39396 1652 7 R. R. NNP 39396 1652 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 39396 1652 9 . . . 39396 1653 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1653 2 . . . 39396 1654 1 343 343 CD 39396 1654 2 - - SYM 39396 1654 3 371 371 CD 39396 1654 4 . . . 39396 1655 1 December December NNP 39396 1655 2 15 15 CD 39396 1655 3 , , , 39396 1655 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1655 5 . . . 39396 1656 1 27 27 CD 39396 1656 2 . . . 39396 1657 1 A a DT 39396 1657 2 synopsis synopsis NN 39396 1657 3 of of IN 39396 1657 4 the the DT 39396 1657 5 North north JJ 39396 1657 6 American american JJ 39396 1657 7 microtine microtine NN 39396 1657 8 rodents rodent NNS 39396 1657 9 . . . 39396 1658 1 By by IN 39396 1658 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1658 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1658 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1658 5 and and CC 39396 1658 6 E. E. NNP 39396 1658 7 Lendell Lendell NNP 39396 1658 8 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 1658 9 . . . 39396 1659 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1659 2 . . . 39396 1660 1 373 373 CD 39396 1660 2 - - SYM 39396 1660 3 498 498 CD 39396 1660 4 , , , 39396 1660 5 149 149 CD 39396 1660 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1660 7 in in IN 39396 1660 8 text text NN 39396 1660 9 . . . 39396 1661 1 January January NNP 39396 1661 2 15 15 CD 39396 1661 3 , , , 39396 1661 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1661 5 . . . 39396 1662 1 28 28 CD 39396 1662 2 . . . 39396 1663 1 The the DT 39396 1663 2 pocket pocket NN 39396 1663 3 gophers gopher NNS 39396 1663 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1663 5 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1663 6 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 39396 1663 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1663 8 of of IN 39396 1663 9 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 39396 1663 10 , , , 39396 1663 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1663 12 . . . 39396 1664 1 By by IN 39396 1664 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1664 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1664 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1664 5 . . . 39396 1665 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1665 2 . . . 39396 1666 1 499 499 CD 39396 1666 2 - - SYM 39396 1666 3 514 514 CD 39396 1666 4 , , , 39396 1666 5 1 1 CD 39396 1666 6 figure figure NN 39396 1666 7 in in IN 39396 1666 8 text text NN 39396 1666 9 . . . 39396 1667 1 June June NNP 39396 1667 2 1 1 CD 39396 1667 3 , , , 39396 1667 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1667 5 . . . 39396 1668 1 29 29 CD 39396 1668 2 . . . 39396 1669 1 Geographic geographic JJ 39396 1669 2 distribution distribution NN 39396 1669 3 of of IN 39396 1669 4 the the DT 39396 1669 5 pocket pocket NN 39396 1669 6 mouse mouse NN 39396 1669 7 , , , 39396 1669 8 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 39396 1669 9 fasciatus fasciatus NN 39396 1669 10 . . . 39396 1670 1 By by IN 39396 1670 2 J. J. NNP 39396 1670 3 Knox Knox NNP 39396 1670 4 Jones Jones NNP 39396 1670 5 , , , 39396 1670 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1670 7 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1670 8 . . . 39396 1671 1 515 515 CD 39396 1671 2 - - SYM 39396 1671 3 526 526 CD 39396 1671 4 , , , 39396 1671 5 7 7 CD 39396 1671 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1671 7 in in IN 39396 1671 8 text text NN 39396 1671 9 . . . 39396 1672 1 August August NNP 39396 1672 2 1 1 CD 39396 1672 3 , , , 39396 1672 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1672 5 . . . 39396 1673 1 30 30 CD 39396 1673 2 . . . 39396 1674 1 A a DT 39396 1674 2 new new JJ 39396 1674 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1674 4 of of IN 39396 1674 5 wood wood NN 39396 1674 6 rat rat NN 39396 1674 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1674 8 Neotoma Neotoma NNP 39396 1674 9 mexicana mexicana NNP 39396 1674 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1674 11 from from IN 39396 1674 12 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1674 13 . . . 39396 1675 1 By by IN 39396 1675 2 Robert Robert NNP 39396 1675 3 B. B. NNP 39396 1675 4 Finley Finley NNP 39396 1675 5 , , , 39396 1675 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1675 7 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1675 8 . . . 39396 1676 1 527 527 CD 39396 1676 2 - - SYM 39396 1676 3 534 534 CD 39396 1676 4 , , , 39396 1676 5 2 2 CD 39396 1676 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1676 7 in in IN 39396 1676 8 text text NN 39396 1676 9 . . . 39396 1677 1 August August NNP 39396 1677 2 15 15 CD 39396 1677 3 , , , 39396 1677 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1677 5 . . . 39396 1678 1 31 31 CD 39396 1678 2 . . . 39396 1679 1 Four four CD 39396 1679 2 new new JJ 39396 1679 3 pocket pocket NN 39396 1679 4 gophers gopher NNS 39396 1679 5 of of IN 39396 1679 6 the the DT 39396 1679 7 genus genus JJ 39396 1679 8 Cratogeomys Cratogeomys NNP 39396 1679 9 from from IN 39396 1679 10 Jalisco Jalisco NNP 39396 1679 11 , , , 39396 1679 12 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1679 13 . . . 39396 1680 1 By by IN 39396 1680 2 Robert Robert NNP 39396 1680 3 J. J. NNP 39396 1680 4 Russell Russell NNP 39396 1680 5 . . . 39396 1681 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1681 2 . . . 39396 1682 1 535 535 CD 39396 1682 2 - - SYM 39396 1682 3 542 542 CD 39396 1682 4 . . . 39396 1683 1 October October NNP 39396 1683 2 15 15 CD 39396 1683 3 , , , 39396 1683 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1683 5 . . . 39396 1684 1 32 32 CD 39396 1684 2 . . . 39396 1685 1 Genera Genera NNP 39396 1685 2 and and CC 39396 1685 3 subgenera subgenera NN 39396 1685 4 of of IN 39396 1685 5 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 39396 1685 6 . . . 39396 1686 1 By by IN 39396 1686 2 John John NNP 39396 1686 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1687 1 White white JJ 39396 1687 2 . . . 39396 1688 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1688 2 . . . 39396 1689 1 543 543 CD 39396 1689 2 - - SYM 39396 1689 3 561 561 CD 39396 1689 4 , , , 39396 1689 5 12 12 CD 39396 1689 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1689 7 in in IN 39396 1689 8 text text NN 39396 1689 9 . . . 39396 1690 1 December December NNP 39396 1690 2 1 1 CD 39396 1690 3 , , , 39396 1690 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1690 5 . . . 39396 1691 1 33 33 CD 39396 1691 2 . . . 39396 1692 1 Taxonomy Taxonomy NNP 39396 1692 2 of of IN 39396 1692 3 the the DT 39396 1692 4 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 39396 1692 5 , , , 39396 1692 6 Eutamias Eutamias NNP 39396 1692 7 quadrivittatus quadrivittatus NN 39396 1692 8 and and CC 39396 1692 9 Eutamias Eutamias NNP 39396 1692 10 umbrinus umbrinus NN 39396 1692 11 . . . 39396 1693 1 By by IN 39396 1693 2 John John NNP 39396 1693 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1694 1 White white JJ 39396 1694 2 . . . 39396 1695 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1695 2 . . . 39396 1696 1 563 563 CD 39396 1696 2 - - HYPH 39396 1696 3 582 582 CD 39396 1696 4 , , , 39396 1696 5 6 6 CD 39396 1696 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1696 7 in in IN 39396 1696 8 text text NN 39396 1696 9 . . . 39396 1697 1 December December NNP 39396 1697 2 1 1 CD 39396 1697 3 , , , 39396 1697 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1697 5 . . . 39396 1698 1 34 34 CD 39396 1698 2 . . . 39396 1699 1 Geographic geographic JJ 39396 1699 2 distribution distribution NN 39396 1699 3 and and CC 39396 1699 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1699 5 of of IN 39396 1699 6 the the DT 39396 1699 7 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 39396 1699 8 of of IN 39396 1699 9 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 39396 1699 10 . . . 39396 1700 1 By by IN 39396 1700 2 John John NNP 39396 1700 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1701 1 White white JJ 39396 1701 2 . . . 39396 1702 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1702 2 . . . 39396 1703 1 584 584 CD 39396 1703 2 - - SYM 39396 1703 3 610 610 CD 39396 1703 4 , , , 39396 1703 5 3 3 CD 39396 1703 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1703 7 in in IN 39396 1703 8 text text NN 39396 1703 9 . . . 39396 1704 1 December December NNP 39396 1704 2 1 1 CD 39396 1704 3 , , , 39396 1704 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1704 5 . . . 39396 1705 1 35 35 CD 39396 1705 2 . . . 39396 1706 1 The the DT 39396 1706 2 baculum baculum NN 39396 1706 3 of of IN 39396 1706 4 the the DT 39396 1706 5 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 39396 1706 6 of of IN 39396 1706 7 western western JJ 39396 1706 8 North North NNP 39396 1706 9 America America NNP 39396 1706 10 . . . 39396 1707 1 By by IN 39396 1707 2 John John NNP 39396 1707 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1708 1 White white JJ 39396 1708 2 . . . 39396 1709 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1709 2 . . . 39396 1710 1 611 611 CD 39396 1710 2 - - SYM 39396 1710 3 631 631 CD 39396 1710 4 , , , 39396 1710 5 19 19 CD 39396 1710 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1710 7 in in IN 39396 1710 8 text text NN 39396 1710 9 . . . 39396 1711 1 December December NNP 39396 1711 2 1 1 CD 39396 1711 3 , , , 39396 1711 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1711 5 . . . 39396 1712 1 36 36 CD 39396 1712 2 . . . 39396 1713 1 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 39396 1713 2 Soricidae Soricidae NNP 39396 1713 3 from from IN 39396 1713 4 San San NNP 39396 1713 5 Josecito Josecito NNP 39396 1713 6 Cave Cave NNP 39396 1713 7 , , , 39396 1713 8 Nuevo Nuevo NNP 39396 1713 9 Leon Leon NNP 39396 1713 10 , , , 39396 1713 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1713 12 . . . 39396 1714 1 By by IN 39396 1714 2 James James NNP 39396 1714 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1714 4 Findley Findley NNP 39396 1714 5 . . . 39396 1715 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1715 2 . . . 39396 1716 1 633 633 CD 39396 1716 2 - - SYM 39396 1716 3 639 639 CD 39396 1716 4 . . . 39396 1717 1 December December NNP 39396 1717 2 1 1 CD 39396 1717 3 , , , 39396 1717 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1717 5 . . . 39396 1718 1 37 37 CD 39396 1718 2 . . . 39396 1719 1 Seventeen seventeen CD 39396 1719 2 species specie NNS 39396 1719 3 of of IN 39396 1719 4 bats bat NNS 39396 1719 5 recorded record VBN 39396 1719 6 from from IN 39396 1719 7 Barro Barro NNP 39396 1719 8 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1719 9 Island Island NNP 39396 1719 10 , , , 39396 1719 11 Panama Panama NNP 39396 1719 12 Canal Canal NNP 39396 1719 13 Zone Zone NNP 39396 1719 14 . . . 39396 1720 1 By by IN 39396 1720 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1720 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1720 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1720 5 and and CC 39396 1720 6 William William NNP 39396 1720 7 B. B. NNP 39396 1720 8 Jackson Jackson NNP 39396 1720 9 . . . 39396 1721 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1721 2 . . . 39396 1722 1 641 641 CD 39396 1722 2 - - SYM 39396 1722 3 646 646 CD 39396 1722 4 . . . 39396 1723 1 December December NNP 39396 1723 2 1 1 CD 39396 1723 3 , , , 39396 1723 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1723 5 . . . 39396 1724 1 Index index NN 39396 1724 2 . . . 39396 1725 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1725 2 . . . 39396 1726 1 647 647 CD 39396 1726 2 - - SYM 39396 1726 3 676 676 CD 39396 1726 4 . . . 39396 1727 1 * * NFP 39396 1727 2 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1727 3 . . . 39396 1728 1 6 6 CD 39396 1728 2 . . . 39396 1729 1 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1729 2 Complete complete JJ 39396 1729 3 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1729 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS 39396 1729 5 of of IN 39396 1729 6 Utah Utah NNP 39396 1729 7 , , , 39396 1729 8 _ _ NNP 39396 1729 9 taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1729 10 and and CC 39396 1729 11 distribution distribution NN 39396 1729 12 _ _ NNP 39396 1729 13 . . . 39396 1730 1 By by IN 39396 1730 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 39396 1730 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1730 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 39396 1730 5 . . . 39396 1731 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1731 2 . . . 39396 1732 1 1 1 LS 39396 1732 2 - - SYM 39396 1732 3 549 549 CD 39396 1732 4 , , , 39396 1732 5 91 91 CD 39396 1732 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1732 7 in in IN 39396 1732 8 text text NN 39396 1732 9 , , , 39396 1732 10 30 30 CD 39396 1732 11 tables table NNS 39396 1732 12 . . . 39396 1733 1 August August NNP 39396 1733 2 10 10 CD 39396 1733 3 , , , 39396 1733 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1733 5 . . . 39396 1734 1 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1734 2 . . . 39396 1735 1 7 7 LS 39396 1735 2 . . . 39396 1736 1 * * NFP 39396 1736 2 1 1 CD 39396 1736 3 . . . 39396 1737 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1737 2 of of IN 39396 1737 3 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1737 4 . . . 39396 1738 1 By by IN 39396 1738 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1738 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 39396 1738 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 39396 1738 5 . . . 39396 1739 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1739 2 . . . 39396 1740 1 1 1 CD 39396 1740 2 - - SYM 39396 1740 3 303 303 CD 39396 1740 4 , , , 39396 1740 5 73 73 CD 39396 1740 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1740 7 in in IN 39396 1740 8 text text NN 39396 1740 9 , , , 39396 1740 10 37 37 CD 39396 1740 11 tables table NNS 39396 1740 12 . . . 39396 1741 1 August August NNP 39396 1741 2 25 25 CD 39396 1741 3 , , , 39396 1741 4 1952 1952 CD 39396 1741 5 . . . 39396 1742 1 2 2 LS 39396 1742 2 . . . 39396 1743 1 Ecology ecology NN 39396 1743 2 of of IN 39396 1743 3 the the DT 39396 1743 4 opossum opossum NN 39396 1743 5 on on IN 39396 1743 6 a a DT 39396 1743 7 natural natural JJ 39396 1743 8 area area NN 39396 1743 9 in in IN 39396 1743 10 northeastern northeastern JJ 39396 1743 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1743 12 . . . 39396 1744 1 By by IN 39396 1744 2 Henry Henry NNP 39396 1744 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1744 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 1744 5 and and CC 39396 1744 6 Lewis Lewis NNP 39396 1744 7 L. L. NNP 39396 1744 8 Sandidge Sandidge NNP 39396 1744 9 . . . 39396 1745 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1745 2 . . . 39396 1746 1 305 305 CD 39396 1746 2 - - SYM 39396 1746 3 338 338 CD 39396 1746 4 , , , 39396 1746 5 5 5 CD 39396 1746 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1746 7 in in IN 39396 1746 8 text text NN 39396 1746 9 . . . 39396 1747 1 August August NNP 39396 1747 2 24 24 CD 39396 1747 3 , , , 39396 1747 4 1953 1953 CD 39396 1747 5 . . . 39396 1748 1 3 3 LS 39396 1748 2 . . . 39396 1749 1 The the DT 39396 1749 2 silky silky JJ 39396 1749 3 pocket pocket NN 39396 1749 4 mice mouse NNS 39396 1749 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1749 6 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 39396 1749 7 flavus flavu NNS 39396 1749 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1749 9 of of IN 39396 1749 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1749 11 . . . 39396 1750 1 By by IN 39396 1750 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1750 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1750 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1750 5 . . . 39396 1751 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1751 2 . . . 39396 1752 1 339 339 CD 39396 1752 2 - - SYM 39396 1752 3 347 347 CD 39396 1752 4 , , , 39396 1752 5 1 1 CD 39396 1752 6 figure figure NN 39396 1752 7 in in IN 39396 1752 8 text text NN 39396 1752 9 . . . 39396 1753 1 February February NNP 39396 1753 2 15 15 CD 39396 1753 3 , , , 39396 1753 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1753 5 . . . 39396 1754 1 4 4 LS 39396 1754 2 . . . 39396 1755 1 North north JJ 39396 1755 2 American american JJ 39396 1755 3 jumping jumping NN 39396 1755 4 mice mouse NNS 39396 1755 5 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1755 6 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1755 7 Zapus Zapus NNP 39396 1755 8 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1755 9 . . . 39396 1756 1 By by IN 39396 1756 2 Philip Philip NNP 39396 1756 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1756 4 Krutzsch Krutzsch NNP 39396 1756 5 . . . 39396 1757 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1757 2 . . . 39396 1758 1 349 349 CD 39396 1758 2 - - SYM 39396 1758 3 472 472 CD 39396 1758 4 , , , 39396 1758 5 47 47 CD 39396 1758 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1758 7 in in IN 39396 1758 8 text text NN 39396 1758 9 , , , 39396 1758 10 4 4 CD 39396 1758 11 tables table NNS 39396 1758 12 . . . 39396 1759 1 April April NNP 39396 1759 2 21 21 CD 39396 1759 3 , , , 39396 1759 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1759 5 . . . 39396 1760 1 5 5 CD 39396 1760 2 . . . 39396 1761 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1761 2 from from IN 39396 1761 3 Southeastern Southeastern NNP 39396 1761 4 Alaska Alaska NNP 39396 1761 5 . . . 39396 1762 1 By by IN 39396 1762 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1762 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1762 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1762 5 and and CC 39396 1762 6 James James NNP 39396 1762 7 S. S. NNP 39396 1762 8 Findley Findley NNP 39396 1762 9 . . . 39396 1763 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1763 2 . . . 39396 1764 1 473 473 CD 39396 1764 2 - - SYM 39396 1764 3 477 477 CD 39396 1764 4 . . . 39396 1765 1 April April NNP 39396 1765 2 21 21 CD 39396 1765 3 , , , 39396 1765 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1765 5 . . . 39396 1766 1 6 6 CD 39396 1766 2 . . . 39396 1767 1 Distribution distribution NN 39396 1767 2 of of IN 39396 1767 3 some some DT 39396 1767 4 Nebraskan nebraskan JJ 39396 1767 5 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1767 6 . . . 39396 1768 1 By by IN 39396 1768 2 J. J. NNP 39396 1768 3 Knox Knox NNP 39396 1768 4 Jones Jones NNP 39396 1768 5 , , , 39396 1768 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 39396 1768 7 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1768 8 . . . 39396 1769 1 479 479 CD 39396 1769 2 - - SYM 39396 1769 3 487 487 CD 39396 1769 4 . . . 39396 1770 1 April April NNP 39396 1770 2 21 21 CD 39396 1770 3 , , , 39396 1770 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1770 5 . . . 39396 1771 1 7 7 LS 39396 1771 2 . . . 39396 1772 1 Subspeciation subspeciation NN 39396 1772 2 in in IN 39396 1772 3 the the DT 39396 1772 4 montane montane NNP 39396 1772 5 meadow meadow NNP 39396 1772 6 mouse mouse NNP 39396 1772 7 , , , 39396 1772 8 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1772 9 montanus montanus NN 39396 1772 10 , , , 39396 1772 11 in in IN 39396 1772 12 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 39396 1772 13 and and CC 39396 1772 14 Colorado Colorado NNP 39396 1772 15 . . . 39396 1773 1 By by IN 39396 1773 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 39396 1773 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 39396 1773 4 . . . 39396 1774 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1774 2 . . . 39396 1775 1 489 489 CD 39396 1775 2 - - SYM 39396 1775 3 506 506 CD 39396 1775 4 , , , 39396 1775 5 2 2 CD 39396 1775 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1775 7 in in IN 39396 1775 8 text text NN 39396 1775 9 . . . 39396 1776 1 July July NNP 39396 1776 2 23 23 CD 39396 1776 3 , , , 39396 1776 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1776 5 . . . 39396 1777 1 8 8 LS 39396 1777 2 . . . 39396 1778 1 A a DT 39396 1778 2 new new JJ 39396 1778 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1778 4 of of IN 39396 1778 5 bat bat NN 39396 1778 6 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1778 7 Myotis Myotis NNP 39396 1778 8 velifer velifer VBP 39396 1778 9 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1778 10 from from IN 39396 1778 11 southeastern southeastern JJ 39396 1778 12 California California NNP 39396 1778 13 and and CC 39396 1778 14 Arizona Arizona NNP 39396 1778 15 . . . 39396 1779 1 By by IN 39396 1779 2 Terry Terry NNP 39396 1779 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1779 4 Vaughn Vaughn NNP 39396 1779 5 . . . 39396 1780 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1780 2 . . . 39396 1781 1 507 507 CD 39396 1781 2 - - SYM 39396 1781 3 512 512 CD 39396 1781 4 . . . 39396 1782 1 July July NNP 39396 1782 2 23 23 CD 39396 1782 3 , , , 39396 1782 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1782 5 . . . 39396 1783 1 9 9 CD 39396 1783 2 . . . 39396 1784 1 Mammals mammal NNS 39396 1784 2 of of IN 39396 1784 3 the the DT 39396 1784 4 San San NNP 39396 1784 5 Gabriel Gabriel NNP 39396 1784 6 mountains mountain NNS 39396 1784 7 of of IN 39396 1784 8 California California NNP 39396 1784 9 . . . 39396 1785 1 By by IN 39396 1785 2 Terry Terry NNP 39396 1785 3 A. A. NNP 39396 1785 4 Vaughn Vaughn NNP 39396 1785 5 . . . 39396 1786 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1786 2 . . . 39396 1787 1 513 513 CD 39396 1787 2 - - SYM 39396 1787 3 582 582 CD 39396 1787 4 , , , 39396 1787 5 1 1 CD 39396 1787 6 figure figure NN 39396 1787 7 in in IN 39396 1787 8 text text NN 39396 1787 9 , , , 39396 1787 10 12 12 CD 39396 1787 11 tables table NNS 39396 1787 12 . . . 39396 1788 1 November November NNP 39396 1788 2 15 15 CD 39396 1788 3 , , , 39396 1788 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1788 5 . . . 39396 1789 1 10 10 CD 39396 1789 2 . . . 39396 1790 1 A a DT 39396 1790 2 new new JJ 39396 1790 3 bat bat NN 39396 1790 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1790 5 Genus Genus NNP 39396 1790 6 Pipistrellus Pipistrellus NNP 39396 1790 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1790 8 from from IN 39396 1790 9 northeastern northeastern JJ 39396 1790 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1790 11 . . . 39396 1791 1 By by IN 39396 1791 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1791 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1791 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1791 5 . . . 39396 1792 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1792 2 . . . 39396 1793 1 583 583 CD 39396 1793 2 - - SYM 39396 1793 3 586 586 CD 39396 1793 4 . . . 39396 1794 1 November November NNP 39396 1794 2 15 15 CD 39396 1794 3 , , , 39396 1794 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1794 5 . . . 39396 1795 1 11 11 CD 39396 1795 2 . . . 39396 1796 1 A a DT 39396 1796 2 new new JJ 39396 1796 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 39396 1796 4 of of IN 39396 1796 5 pocket pocket NN 39396 1796 6 mouse mouse NN 39396 1796 7 from from IN 39396 1796 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1796 9 . . . 39396 1797 1 By by IN 39396 1797 2 E. E. NNP 39396 1797 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1797 4 Hall Hall NNP 39396 1797 5 . . . 39396 1798 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1798 2 . . . 39396 1799 1 587 587 CD 39396 1799 2 - - SYM 39396 1799 3 590 590 CD 39396 1799 4 . . . 39396 1800 1 November November NNP 39396 1800 2 15 15 CD 39396 1800 3 , , , 39396 1800 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1800 5 . . . 39396 1801 1 12 12 CD 39396 1801 2 . . . 39396 1802 1 Geographic geographic JJ 39396 1802 2 variation variation NN 39396 1802 3 in in IN 39396 1802 4 the the DT 39396 1802 5 pocket pocket NN 39396 1802 6 gopher gopher NN 39396 1802 7 , , , 39396 1802 8 Cratogeomys Cratogeomys NNP 39396 1802 9 castanops castanop NNS 39396 1802 10 , , , 39396 1802 11 in in IN 39396 1802 12 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 39396 1802 13 , , , 39396 1802 14 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1802 15 . . . 39396 1803 1 By by IN 39396 1803 2 Robert Robert NNP 39396 1803 3 J. J. NNP 39396 1803 4 Russell Russell NNP 39396 1803 5 and and CC 39396 1803 6 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1803 7 H. H. NNP 39396 1803 8 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1803 9 . . . 39396 1804 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1804 2 . . . 39396 1805 1 591 591 CD 39396 1805 2 - - SYM 39396 1805 3 608 608 CD 39396 1805 4 . . . 39396 1806 1 March March NNP 39396 1806 2 15 15 CD 39396 1806 3 , , , 39396 1806 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1806 5 . . . 39396 1807 1 13 13 CD 39396 1807 2 . . . 39396 1808 1 A a DT 39396 1808 2 new new JJ 39396 1808 3 cottontail cottontail NN 39396 1808 4 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1808 5 Sylvilagus Sylvilagus NNP 39396 1808 6 floridanus floridanus NN 39396 1808 7 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1808 8 from from IN 39396 1808 9 northeastern northeastern JJ 39396 1808 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1808 11 . . . 39396 1809 1 By by IN 39396 1809 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1809 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1809 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1809 5 . . . 39396 1810 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1810 2 . . . 39396 1811 1 609 609 CD 39396 1811 2 - - SYM 39396 1811 3 612 612 CD 39396 1811 4 . . . 39396 1812 1 April April NNP 39396 1812 2 8 8 CD 39396 1812 3 , , , 39396 1812 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1812 5 . . . 39396 1813 1 14 14 CD 39396 1813 2 . . . 39396 1814 1 Taxonomy taxonomy NN 39396 1814 2 and and CC 39396 1814 3 distribution distribution NN 39396 1814 4 of of IN 39396 1814 5 some some DT 39396 1814 6 American american JJ 39396 1814 7 shrews shrew NNS 39396 1814 8 . . . 39396 1815 1 By by IN 39396 1815 2 James James NNP 39396 1815 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1815 4 Findley Findley NNP 39396 1815 5 . . . 39396 1816 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1816 2 . . . 39396 1817 1 613 613 CD 39396 1817 2 - - SYM 39396 1817 3 618 618 CD 39396 1817 4 . . . 39396 1818 1 June June NNP 39396 1818 2 10 10 CD 39396 1818 3 , , , 39396 1818 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1818 5 . . . 39396 1819 1 15 15 CD 39396 1819 2 . . . 39396 1820 1 Distribution distribution NN 39396 1820 2 and and CC 39396 1820 3 systematic systematic JJ 39396 1820 4 position position NN 39396 1820 5 of of IN 39396 1820 6 the the DT 39396 1820 7 pigmy pigmy JJ 39396 1820 8 woodrat woodrat NN 39396 1820 9 , , , 39396 1820 10 Neotoma Neotoma NNP 39396 1820 11 goldmani goldmani NNP 39396 1820 12 . . . 39396 1821 1 By by IN 39396 1821 2 Dennis Dennis NNP 39396 1821 3 G. G. NNP 39396 1821 4 Rainey Rainey NNP 39396 1821 5 and and CC 39396 1821 6 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1821 7 H. H. NNP 39396 1821 8 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1821 9 . . . 39396 1822 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1822 2 . . . 39396 1823 1 619 619 CD 39396 1823 2 - - SYM 39396 1823 3 624 624 CD 39396 1823 4 , , , 39396 1823 5 2 2 CD 39396 1823 6 figs fig NNS 39396 1823 7 . . . 39396 1824 1 in in IN 39396 1824 2 text text NN 39396 1824 3 . . . 39396 1825 1 June June NNP 39396 1825 2 10 10 CD 39396 1825 3 , , , 39396 1825 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1825 5 . . . 39396 1826 1 Index index NN 39396 1826 2 . . . 39396 1827 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1827 2 . . . 39396 1828 1 625 625 CD 39396 1828 2 - - SYM 39396 1828 3 651 651 CD 39396 1828 4 . . . 39396 1829 1 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1829 2 . . . 39396 1830 1 8 8 LS 39396 1830 2 . . . 39396 1831 1 1 1 LS 39396 1831 2 . . . 39396 1832 1 Life life NN 39396 1832 2 history history NN 39396 1832 3 and and CC 39396 1832 4 ecology ecology NN 39396 1832 5 of of IN 39396 1832 6 the the DT 39396 1832 7 five five CD 39396 1832 8 - - HYPH 39396 1832 9 lined line VBN 39396 1832 10 skink skink NN 39396 1832 11 , , , 39396 1832 12 Eumeces Eumeces NNPS 39396 1832 13 fasciatus fasciatus VBP 39396 1832 14 . . . 39396 1833 1 By by IN 39396 1833 2 Henry Henry NNP 39396 1833 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1833 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 1833 5 . . . 39396 1834 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1834 2 . . . 39396 1835 1 1 1 CD 39396 1835 2 - - SYM 39396 1835 3 156 156 CD 39396 1835 4 , , , 39396 1835 5 2 2 CD 39396 1835 6 pls pls UH 39396 1835 7 . . . 39396 1835 8 , , , 39396 1835 9 26 26 CD 39396 1835 10 figs fig NNS 39396 1835 11 . . . 39396 1836 1 in in IN 39396 1836 2 text text NN 39396 1836 3 , , , 39396 1836 4 17 17 CD 39396 1836 5 tables table NNS 39396 1836 6 . . . 39396 1837 1 September September NNP 39396 1837 2 1 1 CD 39396 1837 3 , , , 39396 1837 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1837 5 . . . 39396 1838 1 2 2 LS 39396 1838 2 . . . 39396 1839 1 Myology myology NN 39396 1839 2 and and CC 39396 1839 3 serology serology NN 39396 1839 4 of of IN 39396 1839 5 the the DT 39396 1839 6 Avian Avian NNP 39396 1839 7 Family Family NNP 39396 1839 8 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 39396 1839 9 , , , 39396 1839 10 a a DT 39396 1839 11 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 39396 1839 12 study study NN 39396 1839 13 . . . 39396 1840 1 By by IN 39396 1840 2 William William NNP 39396 1840 3 B. B. NNP 39396 1840 4 Stallcup Stallcup NNP 39396 1840 5 . . . 39396 1841 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1841 2 . . . 39396 1842 1 157 157 CD 39396 1842 2 - - SYM 39396 1842 3 211 211 CD 39396 1842 4 , , , 39396 1842 5 23 23 CD 39396 1842 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1842 7 in in IN 39396 1842 8 text text NN 39396 1842 9 , , , 39396 1842 10 4 4 CD 39396 1842 11 tables table NNS 39396 1842 12 . . . 39396 1843 1 November November NNP 39396 1843 2 15 15 CD 39396 1843 3 , , , 39396 1843 4 1954 1954 CD 39396 1843 5 . . . 39396 1844 1 3 3 LS 39396 1844 2 . . . 39396 1845 1 An an DT 39396 1845 2 ecological ecological JJ 39396 1845 3 study study NN 39396 1845 4 of of IN 39396 1845 5 the the DT 39396 1845 6 collared collar VBN 39396 1845 7 lizard lizard NN 39396 1845 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1845 9 Crotaphytus Crotaphytus NNP 39396 1845 10 collaris collaris NN 39396 1845 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1845 12 . . . 39396 1846 1 By by IN 39396 1846 2 Henry Henry NNP 39396 1846 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1846 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 1846 5 . . . 39396 1847 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1847 2 . . . 39396 1848 1 213 213 CD 39396 1848 2 - - SYM 39396 1848 3 274 274 CD 39396 1848 4 , , , 39396 1848 5 10 10 CD 39396 1848 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1848 7 in in IN 39396 1848 8 text text NN 39396 1848 9 . . . 39396 1849 1 February February NNP 39396 1849 2 10 10 CD 39396 1849 3 , , , 39396 1849 4 1956 1956 CD 39396 1849 5 . . . 39396 1850 1 4 4 LS 39396 1850 2 . . . 39396 1851 1 A a DT 39396 1851 2 field field NN 39396 1851 3 study study NN 39396 1851 4 of of IN 39396 1851 5 the the DT 39396 1851 6 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1851 7 ant ant NN 39396 1851 8 - - HYPH 39396 1851 9 eating eat VBG 39396 1851 10 frog frog NN 39396 1851 11 , , , 39396 1851 12 Gastrophryne Gastrophryne NNP 39396 1851 13 olivacea olivacea NN 39396 1851 14 . . . 39396 1852 1 By by IN 39396 1852 2 Henry Henry NNP 39396 1852 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1852 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 39396 1852 5 . . . 39396 1853 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1853 2 . . . 39396 1854 1 275 275 CD 39396 1854 2 - - SYM 39396 1854 3 306 306 CD 39396 1854 4 , , , 39396 1854 5 9 9 CD 39396 1854 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1854 7 in in IN 39396 1854 8 text text NN 39396 1854 9 . . . 39396 1855 1 February February NNP 39396 1855 2 10 10 CD 39396 1855 3 , , , 39396 1855 4 1956 1956 CD 39396 1855 5 . . . 39396 1856 1 5 5 CD 39396 1856 2 . . . 39396 1857 1 Check check NN 39396 1857 2 - - HYPH 39396 1857 3 list list NN 39396 1857 4 of of IN 39396 1857 5 the the DT 39396 1857 6 birds bird NNS 39396 1857 7 of of IN 39396 1857 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1857 9 . . . 39396 1858 1 By by IN 39396 1858 2 Harrison Harrison NNP 39396 1858 3 B. B. NNP 39396 1858 4 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 39396 1858 5 . . . 39396 1859 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1859 2 . . . 39396 1860 1 307 307 CD 39396 1860 2 - - SYM 39396 1860 3 359 359 CD 39396 1860 4 , , , 39396 1860 5 1 1 CD 39396 1860 6 figure figure NN 39396 1860 7 in in IN 39396 1860 8 text text NN 39396 1860 9 . . . 39396 1861 1 March March NNP 39396 1861 2 10 10 CD 39396 1861 3 , , , 39396 1861 4 1956 1956 CD 39396 1861 5 . . . 39396 1862 1 6 6 CD 39396 1862 2 . . . 39396 1863 1 A a DT 39396 1863 2 population population NN 39396 1863 3 study study NN 39396 1863 4 of of IN 39396 1863 5 the the DT 39396 1863 6 prairie prairie NNP 39396 1863 7 vole vole NNP 39396 1863 8 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1863 9 Microtus Microtus NNP 39396 1863 10 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 39396 1863 11 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1863 12 in in IN 39396 1863 13 Northeastern Northeastern NNP 39396 1863 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1863 15 . . . 39396 1864 1 By by IN 39396 1864 2 Edwin Edwin NNP 39396 1864 3 P. P. NNP 39396 1864 4 Martin Martin NNP 39396 1864 5 . . . 39396 1865 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1865 2 . . . 39396 1866 1 361 361 CD 39396 1866 2 - - HYPH 39396 1866 3 416 416 CD 39396 1866 4 , , , 39396 1866 5 19 19 CD 39396 1866 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1866 7 in in IN 39396 1866 8 text text NN 39396 1866 9 . . . 39396 1867 1 April April NNP 39396 1867 2 2 2 CD 39396 1867 3 , , , 39396 1867 4 1956 1956 CD 39396 1867 5 . . . 39396 1868 1 More More JJR 39396 1868 2 numbers number NNS 39396 1868 3 will will MD 39396 1868 4 appear appear VB 39396 1868 5 in in IN 39396 1868 6 volume volume NN 39396 1868 7 8 8 CD 39396 1868 8 . . . 39396 1869 1 Vol Vol NNP 39396 1869 2 . . . 39396 1870 1 9 9 CD 39396 1870 2 . . . 39396 1871 1 1 1 LS 39396 1871 2 . . . 39396 1872 1 Speciation speciation NN 39396 1872 2 of of IN 39396 1872 3 the the DT 39396 1872 4 wandering wandering NN 39396 1872 5 shrew shrew NN 39396 1872 6 . . . 39396 1873 1 By by IN 39396 1873 2 James James NNP 39396 1873 3 S. S. NNP 39396 1873 4 Findley Findley NNP 39396 1873 5 . . . 39396 1874 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1874 2 . . . 39396 1875 1 1 1 CD 39396 1875 2 - - SYM 39396 1875 3 68 68 CD 39396 1875 4 , , , 39396 1875 5 18 18 CD 39396 1875 6 figures figure NNS 39396 1875 7 in in IN 39396 1875 8 text text NN 39396 1875 9 . . . 39396 1876 1 December December NNP 39396 1876 2 10 10 CD 39396 1876 3 , , , 39396 1876 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1876 5 . . . 39396 1877 1 2 2 LS 39396 1877 2 . . . 39396 1878 1 Additional additional JJ 39396 1878 2 records record NNS 39396 1878 3 and and CC 39396 1878 4 extensions extension NNS 39396 1878 5 of of IN 39396 1878 6 ranges range NNS 39396 1878 7 of of IN 39396 1878 8 mammals mammal NNS 39396 1878 9 from from IN 39396 1878 10 Utah Utah NNP 39396 1878 11 . . . 39396 1879 1 By by IN 39396 1879 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 39396 1879 3 D. D. NNP 39396 1879 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 39396 1879 5 , , , 39396 1879 6 M. M. NNP 39396 1879 7 Raymond Raymond NNP 39396 1879 8 Lee Lee NNP 39396 1879 9 , , , 39396 1879 10 and and CC 39396 1879 11 Richard Richard NNP 39396 1879 12 M. M. NNP 39396 1879 13 Hansen Hansen NNP 39396 1879 14 . . . 39396 1880 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1880 2 . . . 39396 1881 1 69 69 CD 39396 1881 2 - - SYM 39396 1881 3 80 80 CD 39396 1881 4 . . . 39396 1882 1 December December NNP 39396 1882 2 10 10 CD 39396 1882 3 , , , 39396 1882 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1882 5 . . . 39396 1883 1 3 3 LS 39396 1883 2 . . . 39396 1884 1 A a DT 39396 1884 2 new new JJ 39396 1884 3 long long RB 39396 1884 4 - - HYPH 39396 1884 5 eared eared JJ 39396 1884 6 myotis myotis NN 39396 1884 7 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1884 8 Myotis Myotis NNP 39396 1884 9 evotis evotis JJ 39396 1884 10 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1884 11 from from IN 39396 1884 12 northeastern northeastern JJ 39396 1884 13 Mexico Mexico NNP 39396 1884 14 . . . 39396 1885 1 By by IN 39396 1885 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 39396 1885 3 H. H. NNP 39396 1885 4 Baker Baker NNP 39396 1885 5 and and CC 39396 1885 6 Howard Howard NNP 39396 1885 7 J. J. NNP 39396 1885 8 Stains Stains NNP 39396 1885 9 . . . 39396 1886 1 Pp Pp NNP 39396 1886 2 . . . 39396 1887 1 81 81 CD 39396 1887 2 - - SYM 39396 1887 3 84 84 CD 39396 1887 4 . . . 39396 1888 1 December December NNP 39396 1888 2 10 10 CD 39396 1888 3 , , , 39396 1888 4 1955 1955 CD 39396 1888 5 . . . 39396 1889 1 More More JJR 39396 1889 2 numbers number NNS 39396 1889 3 will will MD 39396 1889 4 appear appear VB 39396 1889 5 in in IN 39396 1889 6 volume volume NN 39396 1889 7 9 9 CD 39396 1889 8 . . . 39396 1890 1 * * NFP 39396 1890 2 * * NFP 39396 1890 3 * * NFP 39396 1890 4 * * NFP 39396 1890 5 * * NFP 39396 1890 6 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 39396 1890 7 's 's POS 39396 1890 8 note note NN 39396 1890 9 : : : 39396 1890 10 A a DT 39396 1890 11 Table table NN 39396 1890 12 of of IN 39396 1890 13 Contents content NNS 39396 1890 14 has have VBZ 39396 1890 15 been be VBN 39396 1890 16 added add VBN 39396 1890 17 to to IN 39396 1890 18 this this DT 39396 1890 19 ebook ebook NN 39396 1890 20 for for IN 39396 1890 21 the the DT 39396 1890 22 reader reader NN 39396 1890 23 's 's POS 39396 1890 24 convenience convenience NN 39396 1890 25 . . . 39396 1891 1 Some some DT 39396 1891 2 words word NNS 39396 1891 3 in in IN 39396 1891 4 this this DT 39396 1891 5 text text NN 39396 1891 6 are be VBP 39396 1891 7 found find VBN 39396 1891 8 in in IN 39396 1891 9 both both CC 39396 1891 10 hyphenated hyphenated JJ 39396 1891 11 and and CC 39396 1891 12 non non JJ 39396 1891 13 - - JJ 39396 1891 14 hyphenated hyphenated JJ 39396 1891 15 form form NN 39396 1891 16 ( ( -LRB- 39396 1891 17 for for IN 39396 1891 18 instance instance NN 39396 1891 19 : : : 39396 1891 20 Condylo Condylo NNP 39396 1891 21 - - HYPH 39396 1891 22 basilar basilar JJ 39396 1891 23 / / SYM 39396 1891 24 condylobasilar condylobasilar JJ 39396 1891 25 , , , 39396 1891 26 mid mid NN 39396 1891 27 - - NN 39396 1891 28 winter winter JJ 39396 1891 29 / / SYM 39396 1891 30 midwinter midwinter NN 39396 1891 31 ) ) -RRB- 39396 1891 32 . . . 39396 1892 1 These these DT 39396 1892 2 variations variation NNS 39396 1892 3 match match VBP 39396 1892 4 the the DT 39396 1892 5 text text NN 39396 1892 6 of of IN 39396 1892 7 the the DT 39396 1892 8 original original JJ 39396 1892 9 document document NN 39396 1892 10 . . . 39396 1893 1 A a DT 39396 1893 2 few few JJ 39396 1893 3 obvious obvious JJ 39396 1893 4 punctuation punctuation NN 39396 1893 5 errors error NNS 39396 1893 6 have have VBP 39396 1893 7 been be VBN 39396 1893 8 repaired repair VBN 39396 1893 9 . . . 39396 1894 1 Spelling spelling NN 39396 1894 2 has have VBZ 39396 1894 3 been be VBN 39396 1894 4 retained retain VBN 39396 1894 5 as as IN 39396 1894 6 it -PRON- PRP 39396 1894 7 appears appear VBZ 39396 1894 8 in in IN 39396 1894 9 the the DT 39396 1894 10 original original JJ 39396 1894 11 publication publication NN 39396 1894 12 , , , 39396 1894 13 except except IN 39396 1894 14 as as IN 39396 1894 15 follows follow VBZ 39396 1894 16 : : : 39396 1894 17 p. p. NN 39396 1894 18 372 372 CD 39396 1894 19 , , , 39396 1894 20 in in IN 39396 1894 21 " " `` 39396 1894 22 A a DT 39396 1894 23 more more RBR 39396 1894 24 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 39396 1894 25 vegetation vegetation NN 39396 1894 26 would would MD 39396 1894 27 tend tend VB 39396 1894 28 to to TO 39396 1894 29 pass pass VB 39396 1894 30 " " `` 39396 1894 31 homogenous homogenous JJ 39396 1894 32 has have VBZ 39396 1894 33 been be VBN 39396 1894 34 changed change VBN 39396 1894 35 to to IN 39396 1894 36 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 39396 1894 37 . . . 39396 1895 1 p. p. NN 39396 1895 2 415 415 CD 39396 1895 3 , , , 39396 1895 4 " " '' 39396 1895 5 1953 1953 CD 39396 1895 6 . . . 39396 1896 1 Foods food NNS 39396 1896 2 , , , 39396 1896 3 and and CC 39396 1896 4 dens den NNS 39396 1896 5 of of IN 39396 1896 6 the the DT 39396 1896 7 opossum opossum NN 39396 1896 8 ... ... : 39396 1896 9 " " '' 39396 1896 10 has have VBZ 39396 1896 11 been be VBN 39396 1896 12 changed change VBN 39396 1896 13 to to IN 39396 1896 14 " " `` 39396 1896 15 1953 1953 CD 39396 1896 16 . . . 39396 1897 1 Food food NN 39396 1897 2 and and CC 39396 1897 3 dens den NNS 39396 1897 4 of of IN 39396 1897 5 the the DT 39396 1897 6 opossum opossum NN 39396 1897 7 ... ... : 39396 1897 8 " " '' 39396 1897 9 In in IN 39396 1897 10 Fig Fig NNP 39396 1897 11 . . . 39396 1898 1 11 11 CD 39396 1898 2 the the DT 39396 1898 3 bottommost bottommost JJS 39396 1898 4 y y NN 39396 1898 5 - - HYPH 39396 1898 6 axis axis NNP 39396 1898 7 label label NN 39396 1898 8 in in IN 39396 1898 9 the the DT 39396 1898 10 scale scale NN 39396 1898 11 of of IN 39396 1898 12 gms gms NN 39396 1898 13 . . . 39396 1899 1 is be VBZ 39396 1899 2 probably probably RB 39396 1899 3 an an DT 39396 1899 4 error error NN 39396 1899 5 : : : 39396 1899 6 45 45 CD 39396 1899 7 should should MD 39396 1899 8 be be VB 39396 1899 9 35 35 CD 39396 1899 10 . . . 39396 1900 1 Some some DT 39396 1900 2 illustrations illustration NNS 39396 1900 3 have have VBP 39396 1900 4 been be VBN 39396 1900 5 moved move VBN 39396 1900 6 from from IN 39396 1900 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1900 8 original original JJ 39396 1900 9 locations location NNS 39396 1900 10 to to IN 39396 1900 11 paragraph paragraph NN 39396 1900 12 breaks break NNS 39396 1900 13 , , , 39396 1900 14 so so IN 39396 1900 15 as as IN 39396 1900 16 to to TO 39396 1900 17 be be VB 39396 1900 18 nearer nearer IN 39396 1900 19 to to IN 39396 1900 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1900 21 corresponding correspond VBG 39396 1900 22 text text NN 39396 1900 23 , , , 39396 1900 24 and and CC 39396 1900 25 for for IN 39396 1900 26 ease ease NN 39396 1900 27 of of IN 39396 1900 28 document document NN 39396 1900 29 navigation navigation NN 39396 1900 30 . . . 39396 1901 1 References reference NNS 39396 1901 2 to to TO 39396 1901 3 scale scale VB 39396 1901 4 in in IN 39396 1901 5 illustration illustration NN 39396 1901 6 captions caption NNS 39396 1901 7 are be VBP 39396 1901 8 those those DT 39396 1901 9 of of IN 39396 1901 10 the the DT 39396 1901 11 original original JJ 39396 1901 12 publication publication NN 39396 1901 13 , , , 39396 1901 14 and and CC 39396 1901 15 therefore therefore RB 39396 1901 16 do do VBP 39396 1901 17 not not RB 39396 1901 18 correspond correspond VB 39396 1901 19 to to IN 39396 1901 20 the the DT 39396 1901 21 scale scale NN 39396 1901 22 of of IN 39396 1901 23 the the DT 39396 1901 24 images image NNS 39396 1901 25 in in IN 39396 1901 26 the the DT 39396 1901 27 HTML HTML NNP 39396 1901 28 version version NN 39396 1901 29 of of IN 39396 1901 30 this this DT 39396 1901 31 ebook ebook NN 39396 1901 32 . . . 39396 1902 1 The the DT 39396 1902 2 list list NN 39396 1902 3 of of IN 39396 1902 4 University University NNP 39396 1902 5 of of IN 39396 1902 6 Kansas Kansas NNP 39396 1902 7 Publications Publications NNPS 39396 1902 8 from from IN 39396 1902 9 the the DT 39396 1902 10 front front NN 39396 1902 11 of of IN 39396 1902 12 the the DT 39396 1902 13 original original JJ 39396 1902 14 document document NN 39396 1902 15 has have VBZ 39396 1902 16 been be VBN 39396 1902 17 joined join VBN 39396 1902 18 to to IN 39396 1902 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 39396 1902 20 mate mate NN 39396 1902 21 at at IN 39396 1902 22 the the DT 39396 1902 23 end end NN 39396 1902 24 of of IN 39396 1902 25 this this DT 39396 1902 26 text text NN 39396 1902 27 . . . 39396 1903 1 Because because IN 39396 1903 2 the the DT 39396 1903 3 cover cover NN 39396 1903 4 of of IN 39396 1903 5 the the DT 39396 1903 6 original original JJ 39396 1903 7 document document NN 39396 1903 8 contained contain VBN 39396 1903 9 text text NN 39396 1903 10 exactly exactly RB 39396 1903 11 duplicated duplicate VBD 39396 1903 12 on on IN 39396 1903 13 the the DT 39396 1903 14 title title NN 39396 1903 15 page page NN 39396 1903 16 , , , 39396 1903 17 this this DT 39396 1903 18 cover cover NN 39396 1903 19 information information NN 39396 1903 20 has have VBZ 39396 1903 21 been be VBN 39396 1903 22 omitted omit VBN 39396 1903 23 . . .