id sid tid token lemma pos 33914 1 1 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 33914 1 2 OF of IN 33914 1 3 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 33914 1 4 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 33914 1 5 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 33914 1 6 OF of IN 33914 1 7 NATURAL natural JJ 33914 1 8 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 33914 1 9 Volume volume NN 33914 1 10 8 8 CD 33914 1 11 , , , 33914 1 12 No no UH 33914 1 13 . . . 33914 2 1 2 2 CD 33914 2 2 , , , 33914 2 3 pp pp NNP 33914 2 4 . . . 33914 3 1 157 157 CD 33914 3 2 - - SYM 33914 3 3 211 211 CD 33914 3 4 , , , 33914 3 5 figures figure VBZ 33914 3 6 1 1 CD 33914 3 7 - - SYM 33914 3 8 23 23 CD 33914 3 9 , , , 33914 3 10 4 4 CD 33914 3 11 tables table NNS 33914 3 12 ---------------------- ---------------------- NFP 33914 3 13 November November NNP 33914 3 14 15 15 CD 33914 3 15 , , , 33914 3 16 1954 1954 CD 33914 3 17 ---------------------- ---------------------- NFP 33914 3 18 Myology Myology NNP 33914 3 19 and and CC 33914 3 20 Serology Serology NNP 33914 3 21 of of IN 33914 3 22 the the DT 33914 3 23 Avian Avian NNP 33914 3 24 Family Family NNP 33914 3 25 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 3 26 , , , 33914 3 27 A a DT 33914 3 28 Taxonomic Taxonomic NNP 33914 3 29 Study Study NNP 33914 3 30 BY by IN 33914 3 31 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNPS 33914 3 32 B. B. NNP 33914 3 33 STALLCUP STALLCUP NNP 33914 3 34 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 33914 3 35 OF of IN 33914 3 36 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 33914 3 37 LAWRENCE LAWRENCE NNP 33914 3 38 1954 1954 CD 33914 3 39 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 33914 3 40 OF of IN 33914 3 41 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 33914 3 42 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 33914 3 43 , , , 33914 3 44 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 33914 3 45 OF of IN 33914 3 46 NATURAL natural JJ 33914 3 47 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 33914 3 48 Editors Editors NNPS 33914 3 49 : : : 33914 3 50 E. E. NNP 33914 3 51 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 3 52 Hall Hall NNP 33914 3 53 , , , 33914 3 54 Chairman Chairman NNP 33914 3 55 , , , 33914 3 56 A. a. NN 33914 3 57 Byron Byron NNP 33914 3 58 Leonard Leonard NNP 33914 3 59 , , , 33914 3 60 Robert Robert NNP 33914 3 61 W. W. NNP 33914 3 62 Wilson Wilson NNP 33914 3 63 Volume Volume NNP 33914 3 64 8 8 CD 33914 3 65 , , , 33914 3 66 No no UH 33914 3 67 . . . 33914 4 1 2 2 CD 33914 4 2 , , , 33914 4 3 pp pp NNP 33914 4 4 . . . 33914 5 1 157 157 CD 33914 5 2 - - SYM 33914 5 3 211 211 CD 33914 5 4 , , , 33914 5 5 figures figure VBZ 33914 5 6 1 1 CD 33914 5 7 - - SYM 33914 5 8 23 23 CD 33914 5 9 , , , 33914 5 10 4 4 CD 33914 5 11 tables table NNS 33914 5 12 Published publish VBN 33914 5 13 November November NNP 33914 5 14 15 15 CD 33914 5 15 , , , 33914 5 16 1954 1954 CD 33914 5 17 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 33914 5 18 OF of IN 33914 5 19 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 33914 5 20 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 33914 5 21 , , , 33914 5 22 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 5 23 PRINTED print VBD 33914 5 24 BY by IN 33914 5 25 FERD FERD NNP 33914 5 26 VOILAND VOILAND NNP 33914 5 27 , , , 33914 5 28 JR JR NNP 33914 5 29 . . NNP 33914 5 30 , , , 33914 5 31 STATE STATE NNP 33914 5 32 PRINTER PRINTER NNP 33914 5 33 TOPEKA TOPEKA NNP 33914 5 34 , , , 33914 5 35 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 33914 5 36 1954 1954 CD 33914 5 37 [ [ -LRB- 33914 5 38 Union Union NNP 33914 5 39 Label Label NNP 33914 5 40 ] ] -RRB- 33914 5 41 25 25 CD 33914 5 42 - - HYPH 33914 5 43 4632 4632 CD 33914 5 44 Myology Myology NNP 33914 5 45 and and CC 33914 5 46 Serology Serology NNP 33914 5 47 of of IN 33914 5 48 the the DT 33914 5 49 Avian Avian NNP 33914 5 50 Family Family NNP 33914 5 51 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 5 52 , , , 33914 5 53 A a DT 33914 5 54 Taxonomic Taxonomic NNP 33914 5 55 Study Study NNP 33914 5 56 BY by IN 33914 5 57 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNPS 33914 5 58 B. B. NNP 33914 5 59 STALLCUP STALLCUP NNP 33914 5 60 CONTENTS CONTENTS NNP 33914 5 61 PAGE PAGE NNP 33914 5 62 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 33914 5 63 160 160 CD 33914 5 64 MYOLOGY MYOLOGY NNP 33914 5 65 OF of IN 33914 5 66 THE the DT 33914 5 67 PELVIC PELVIC NNP 33914 5 68 APPENDAGE APPENDAGE NNP 33914 5 69 162 162 CD 33914 5 70 General General NNP 33914 5 71 Statement Statement NNP 33914 5 72 162 162 CD 33914 5 73 Materials Materials NNPS 33914 5 74 and and CC 33914 5 75 Methods method NNS 33914 5 76 163 163 CD 33914 5 77 Description description NN 33914 5 78 of of IN 33914 5 79 Muscles Muscles NNP 33914 5 80 164 164 CD 33914 5 81 Discussion Discussion NNP 33914 5 82 of of IN 33914 5 83 Myological Myological NNP 33914 5 84 Investigations Investigations NNPS 33914 5 85 175 175 CD 33914 5 86 COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE NNS 33914 5 87 SEROLOGY serology NN 33914 5 88 185 185 CD 33914 5 89 General General NNP 33914 5 90 Statement Statement NNP 33914 5 91 185 185 CD 33914 5 92 Preparation Preparation NNP 33914 5 93 of of IN 33914 5 94 Antigens Antigens NNP 33914 5 95 186 186 CD 33914 5 96 Preparation Preparation NNP 33914 5 97 of of IN 33914 5 98 Antisera Antisera NNP 33914 5 99 188 188 CD 33914 5 100 Methods method NNS 33914 5 101 of of IN 33914 5 102 Serological serological JJ 33914 5 103 Testing testing NN 33914 5 104 188 188 CD 33914 5 105 Experimental Experimental NNP 33914 5 106 Data Data NNP 33914 5 107 190 190 CD 33914 5 108 Discussion Discussion NNP 33914 5 109 of of IN 33914 5 110 Serological Serological NNP 33914 5 111 Investigations Investigations NNPS 33914 5 112 190 190 CD 33914 5 113 CONCLUSIONS conclusion NNS 33914 5 114 201 201 CD 33914 5 115 SUMMARY summary NN 33914 5 116 208 208 CD 33914 5 117 LITERATURE literature NN 33914 5 118 CITED cite VBD 33914 5 119 210 210 CD 33914 5 120 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 33914 5 121 The the DT 33914 5 122 relationships relationship NNS 33914 5 123 of of IN 33914 5 124 many many JJ 33914 5 125 groups group NNS 33914 5 126 of of IN 33914 5 127 birds bird NNS 33914 5 128 within within IN 33914 5 129 the the DT 33914 5 130 Order Order NNP 33914 5 131 Passeriformes Passeriformes NNPS 33914 5 132 are be VBP 33914 5 133 poorly poorly RB 33914 5 134 understood understand VBN 33914 5 135 . . . 33914 6 1 Most Most JJS 33914 6 2 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 6 3 agree agree VBP 33914 6 4 that that IN 33914 6 5 some some DT 33914 6 6 of of IN 33914 6 7 the the DT 33914 6 8 passerine passerine JJ 33914 6 9 families family NNS 33914 6 10 of of IN 33914 6 11 current current JJ 33914 6 12 classifications classification NNS 33914 6 13 are be VBP 33914 6 14 artificial artificial JJ 33914 6 15 groups group NNS 33914 6 16 . . . 33914 7 1 These these DT 33914 7 2 artificial artificial JJ 33914 7 3 groupings grouping NNS 33914 7 4 are be VBP 33914 7 5 the the DT 33914 7 6 result result NN 33914 7 7 of of IN 33914 7 8 early early JJ 33914 7 9 work work NN 33914 7 10 which which WDT 33914 7 11 gave give VBD 33914 7 12 chief chief JJ 33914 7 13 attention attention NN 33914 7 14 to to IN 33914 7 15 readily readily RB 33914 7 16 adaptive adaptive JJ 33914 7 17 external external JJ 33914 7 18 structures structure NNS 33914 7 19 . . . 33914 8 1 The the DT 33914 8 2 size size NN 33914 8 3 and and CC 33914 8 4 shape shape NN 33914 8 5 of of IN 33914 8 6 the the DT 33914 8 7 bill bill NN 33914 8 8 , , , 33914 8 9 for for IN 33914 8 10 example example NN 33914 8 11 , , , 33914 8 12 have have VBP 33914 8 13 been be VBN 33914 8 14 over over RB 33914 8 15 - - HYPH 33914 8 16 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 8 17 in in IN 33914 8 18 the the DT 33914 8 19 past past NN 33914 8 20 as as IN 33914 8 21 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 8 22 characters character NNS 33914 8 23 . . . 33914 9 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 9 2 is be VBZ 33914 9 3 now now RB 33914 9 4 recognized recognize VBN 33914 9 5 that that IN 33914 9 6 the the DT 33914 9 7 bill bill NN 33914 9 8 is be VBZ 33914 9 9 a a DT 33914 9 10 highly highly RB 33914 9 11 adaptive adaptive JJ 33914 9 12 structure structure NN 33914 9 13 and and CC 33914 9 14 that that IN 33914 9 15 it -PRON- PRP 33914 9 16 frequently frequently RB 33914 9 17 shows show VBZ 33914 9 18 convergence convergence NN 33914 9 19 and and CC 33914 9 20 parallelism parallelism NN 33914 9 21 . . . 33914 10 1 Since since IN 33914 10 2 studies study NNS 33914 10 3 of of IN 33914 10 4 external external JJ 33914 10 5 morphology morphology NN 33914 10 6 have have VBP 33914 10 7 failed fail VBN 33914 10 8 in in IN 33914 10 9 some some DT 33914 10 10 cases case NNS 33914 10 11 to to TO 33914 10 12 provide provide VB 33914 10 13 a a DT 33914 10 14 clear clear JJ 33914 10 15 understanding understanding NN 33914 10 16 of of IN 33914 10 17 the the DT 33914 10 18 relationships relationship NNS 33914 10 19 of of IN 33914 10 20 passerine passerine NN 33914 10 21 birds bird NNS 33914 10 22 , , , 33914 10 23 it -PRON- PRP 33914 10 24 seems seem VBZ 33914 10 25 appropriate appropriate JJ 33914 10 26 that that IN 33914 10 27 attention attention NN 33914 10 28 be be VB 33914 10 29 given give VBN 33914 10 30 to to IN 33914 10 31 other other JJ 33914 10 32 morphological morphological JJ 33914 10 33 features feature NNS 33914 10 34 , , , 33914 10 35 to to IN 33914 10 36 physiological physiological JJ 33914 10 37 features feature NNS 33914 10 38 , , , 33914 10 39 and and CC 33914 10 40 to to IN 33914 10 41 life life NN 33914 10 42 history history NN 33914 10 43 studies study NNS 33914 10 44 in in IN 33914 10 45 an an DT 33914 10 46 attempt attempt NN 33914 10 47 to to TO 33914 10 48 find find VB 33914 10 49 other other JJ 33914 10 50 clues clue NNS 33914 10 51 to to IN 33914 10 52 relationships relationship NNS 33914 10 53 at at IN 33914 10 54 the the DT 33914 10 55 family family NN 33914 10 56 and and CC 33914 10 57 subfamily subfamily JJ 33914 10 58 levels level NNS 33914 10 59 . . . 33914 11 1 This this DT 33914 11 2 paper paper NN 33914 11 3 reports report VBZ 33914 11 4 the the DT 33914 11 5 results result NNS 33914 11 6 of of IN 33914 11 7 a a DT 33914 11 8 study study NN 33914 11 9 of of IN 33914 11 10 the the DT 33914 11 11 relationships relationship NNS 33914 11 12 of of IN 33914 11 13 some some DT 33914 11 14 birds bird NNS 33914 11 15 of of IN 33914 11 16 the the DT 33914 11 17 Family Family NNP 33914 11 18 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 11 19 and and CC 33914 11 20 is be VBZ 33914 11 21 based base VBN 33914 11 22 on on IN 33914 11 23 the the DT 33914 11 24 comparative comparative JJ 33914 11 25 myology myology NN 33914 11 26 of of IN 33914 11 27 the the DT 33914 11 28 pelvic pelvic JJ 33914 11 29 appendage appendage NN 33914 11 30 and and CC 33914 11 31 on on IN 33914 11 32 the the DT 33914 11 33 comparative comparative JJ 33914 11 34 serology serology NN 33914 11 35 of of IN 33914 11 36 saline saline NN 33914 11 37 - - HYPH 33914 11 38 soluble soluble JJ 33914 11 39 proteins protein NNS 33914 11 40 . . . 33914 12 1 Where where WRB 33914 12 2 necessary necessary JJ 33914 12 3 for for IN 33914 12 4 comparative comparative JJ 33914 12 5 purposes purpose NNS 33914 12 6 , , , 33914 12 7 birds bird NNS 33914 12 8 from from IN 33914 12 9 other other JJ 33914 12 10 families family NNS 33914 12 11 have have VBP 33914 12 12 been be VBN 33914 12 13 included include VBN 33914 12 14 in in IN 33914 12 15 these these DT 33914 12 16 investigations investigation NNS 33914 12 17 . . . 33914 13 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 13 2 has have VBZ 33914 13 3 long long RB 33914 13 4 been be VBN 33914 13 5 recognized recognize VBN 33914 13 6 that that IN 33914 13 7 the the DT 33914 13 8 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 13 9 include include VBP 33914 13 10 dissimilar dissimilar JJ 33914 13 11 groups group NNS 33914 13 12 . . . 33914 14 1 Recent recent JJ 33914 14 2 work work NN 33914 14 3 by by IN 33914 14 4 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 14 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 14 6 1951b 1951b CD 33914 14 7 , , , 33914 14 8 1953 1953 CD 33914 14 9 ) ) -RRB- 33914 14 10 on on IN 33914 14 11 the the DT 33914 14 12 musculature musculature NN 33914 14 13 of of IN 33914 14 14 the the DT 33914 14 15 jaw jaw NN 33914 14 16 and and CC 33914 14 17 by by IN 33914 14 18 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 14 19 ( ( -LRB- 33914 14 20 1954 1954 CD 33914 14 21 ) ) -RRB- 33914 14 22 primarily primarily RB 33914 14 23 on on IN 33914 14 24 the the DT 33914 14 25 structure structure NN 33914 14 26 of of IN 33914 14 27 the the DT 33914 14 28 bony bony NNP 33914 14 29 palate palate NN 33914 14 30 has have VBZ 33914 14 31 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 14 32 the the DT 33914 14 33 artificial artificial JJ 33914 14 34 nature nature NN 33914 14 35 of of IN 33914 14 36 the the DT 33914 14 37 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 14 38 although although IN 33914 14 39 these these DT 33914 14 40 authors author NNS 33914 14 41 disagree disagree VBP 33914 14 42 regarding regard VBG 33914 14 43 major major JJ 33914 14 44 divisions division NNS 33914 14 45 within within IN 33914 14 46 it -PRON- PRP 33914 14 47 ( ( -LRB- 33914 14 48 see see VB 33914 14 49 below below RB 33914 14 50 ) ) -RRB- 33914 14 51 . . . 33914 15 1 The the DT 33914 15 2 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 15 3 have have VBP 33914 15 4 been be VBN 33914 15 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 33914 15 6 from from IN 33914 15 7 other other JJ 33914 15 8 families family NNS 33914 15 9 of of IN 33914 15 10 nine nine CD 33914 15 11 - - HYPH 33914 15 12 primaried primarie VBN 33914 15 13 oscines oscine NNS 33914 15 14 by by IN 33914 15 15 only only RB 33914 15 16 one one CD 33914 15 17 character character NN 33914 15 18 -- -- : 33914 15 19 a a DT 33914 15 20 heavy heavy JJ 33914 15 21 and and CC 33914 15 22 conical conical JJ 33914 15 23 bill bill NN 33914 15 24 ( ( -LRB- 33914 15 25 for for IN 33914 15 26 crushing crush VBG 33914 15 27 seeds seed NNS 33914 15 28 ) ) -RRB- 33914 15 29 . . . 33914 16 1 Bills bill NNS 33914 16 2 of of IN 33914 16 3 this this DT 33914 16 4 form form NN 33914 16 5 have have VBP 33914 16 6 been be VBN 33914 16 7 developed develop VBN 33914 16 8 independently independently RB 33914 16 9 in in IN 33914 16 10 several several JJ 33914 16 11 other other JJ 33914 16 12 , , , 33914 16 13 unrelated unrelated JJ 33914 16 14 , , , 33914 16 15 groups group NNS 33914 16 16 ; ; : 33914 16 17 as as IN 33914 16 18 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 16 19 ( ( -LRB- 33914 16 20 1954:7 1954:7 CD 33914 16 21 ) ) -RRB- 33914 16 22 has have VBZ 33914 16 23 pointed point VBN 33914 16 24 out out RP 33914 16 25 , , , 33914 16 26 _ _ NNP 33914 16 27 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 16 28 _ _ NNP 33914 16 29 of of IN 33914 16 30 the the DT 33914 16 31 Family Family NNP 33914 16 32 Icteridae Icteridae NNP 33914 16 33 , , , 33914 16 34 _ _ NNP 33914 16 35 Psittorostra Psittorostra NNP 33914 16 36 _ _ NNP 33914 16 37 of of IN 33914 16 38 the the DT 33914 16 39 Family Family NNP 33914 16 40 Drepaniidae Drepaniidae NNP 33914 16 41 , , , 33914 16 42 and and CC 33914 16 43 most most JJS 33914 16 44 members member NNS 33914 16 45 of of IN 33914 16 46 the the DT 33914 16 47 Family Family NNP 33914 16 48 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 16 49 have have VBP 33914 16 50 bills bill NNS 33914 16 51 as as IN 33914 16 52 heavy heavy JJ 33914 16 53 and and CC 33914 16 54 conical conical JJ 33914 16 55 as as IN 33914 16 56 those those DT 33914 16 57 of of IN 33914 16 58 the the DT 33914 16 59 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 16 60 . . . 33914 17 1 The the DT 33914 17 2 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 17 3 are be VBP 33914 17 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 33914 17 5 from from IN 33914 17 6 the the DT 33914 17 7 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 17 8 by by IN 33914 17 9 a a DT 33914 17 10 single single JJ 33914 17 11 external external JJ 33914 17 12 character character NN 33914 17 13 : : : 33914 17 14 a a DT 33914 17 15 fairly fairly RB 33914 17 16 well well RB 33914 17 17 - - HYPH 33914 17 18 developed develop VBN 33914 17 19 tenth tenth NN 33914 17 20 primary primary JJ 33914 17 21 whereas wherea NNS 33914 17 22 in in IN 33914 17 23 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 17 24 the the DT 33914 17 25 tenth tenth JJ 33914 17 26 primary primary NN 33914 17 27 is be VBZ 33914 17 28 absent absent JJ 33914 17 29 or or CC 33914 17 30 vestigial vestigial JJ 33914 17 31 . . . 33914 18 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 18 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 18 3 1954:20 1954:20 CD 33914 18 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 18 5 points point VBZ 33914 18 6 out out RP 33914 18 7 , , , 33914 18 8 however however RB 33914 18 9 , , , 33914 18 10 that that IN 33914 18 11 this this DT 33914 18 12 distinction distinction NN 33914 18 13 is be VBZ 33914 18 14 of of IN 33914 18 15 limited limited JJ 33914 18 16 value value NN 33914 18 17 since since IN 33914 18 18 in in IN 33914 18 19 other other JJ 33914 18 20 passerine passerine JJ 33914 18 21 families family NNS 33914 18 22 the the DT 33914 18 23 tenth tenth JJ 33914 18 24 primary primary NN 33914 18 25 may may MD 33914 18 26 be be VB 33914 18 27 present present JJ 33914 18 28 in in IN 33914 18 29 some some DT 33914 18 30 species specie NNS 33914 18 31 of of IN 33914 18 32 a a DT 33914 18 33 genus genus NN 33914 18 34 and and CC 33914 18 35 absent absent JJ 33914 18 36 in in IN 33914 18 37 others other NNS 33914 18 38 . . . 33914 19 1 The the DT 33914 19 2 Genus Genus NNP 33914 19 3 _ _ NNP 33914 19 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 19 5 _ _ NNP 33914 19 6 is be VBZ 33914 19 7 an an DT 33914 19 8 example example NN 33914 19 9 . . . 33914 20 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 33914 20 2 , , , 33914 20 3 at at RB 33914 20 4 least least RBS 33914 20 5 one one CD 33914 20 6 ploceid ploceid NN 33914 20 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 20 8 _ _ NNP 33914 20 9 Philetairus Philetairus NNP 33914 20 10 _ _ NNP 33914 20 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 20 12 has have VBZ 33914 20 13 a a DT 33914 20 14 small small JJ 33914 20 15 , , , 33914 20 16 vestigial vestigial JJ 33914 20 17 tenth tenth NN 33914 20 18 primary primary NN 33914 20 19 , , , 33914 20 20 whereas whereas IN 33914 20 21 some some DT 33914 20 22 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 20 23 ( ( -LRB- 33914 20 24 _ _ NNP 33914 20 25 Emberizoides Emberizoides NNP 33914 20 26 _ _ NNP 33914 20 27 , , , 33914 20 28 for for IN 33914 20 29 example example NN 33914 20 30 ) ) -RRB- 33914 20 31 possess possess VBP 33914 20 32 a a DT 33914 20 33 tenth tenth JJ 33914 20 34 primary primary NN 33914 20 35 which which WDT 33914 20 36 is be VBZ 33914 20 37 rather rather RB 33914 20 38 large large JJ 33914 20 39 and and CC 33914 20 40 ventrally ventrally RB 33914 20 41 placed place VBN 33914 20 42 ( ( -LRB- 33914 20 43 Chapin Chapin NNP 33914 20 44 , , , 33914 20 45 1917:253 1917:253 CD 33914 20 46 - - SYM 33914 20 47 254 254 CD 33914 20 48 ) ) -RRB- 33914 20 49 . . . 33914 21 1 Thus thus RB 33914 21 2 , , , 33914 21 3 it -PRON- PRP 33914 21 4 is be VBZ 33914 21 5 obvious obvious JJ 33914 21 6 that that IN 33914 21 7 studies study NNS 33914 21 8 based base VBN 33914 21 9 on on IN 33914 21 10 other other JJ 33914 21 11 features feature NNS 33914 21 12 are be VBP 33914 21 13 necessary necessary JJ 33914 21 14 in in IN 33914 21 15 order order NN 33914 21 16 to to TO 33914 21 17 attain attain VB 33914 21 18 a a DT 33914 21 19 better well JJR 33914 21 20 understanding understanding NN 33914 21 21 of of IN 33914 21 22 the the DT 33914 21 23 relationships relationship NNS 33914 21 24 of of IN 33914 21 25 the the DT 33914 21 26 birds bird NNS 33914 21 27 involved involve VBN 33914 21 28 . . . 33914 22 1 Sushkin Sushkin NNP 33914 22 2 's 's POS 33914 22 3 studies study NNS 33914 22 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 22 5 1924 1924 CD 33914 22 6 , , , 33914 22 7 1925 1925 CD 33914 22 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 22 9 of of IN 33914 22 10 the the DT 33914 22 11 structure structure NN 33914 22 12 of of IN 33914 22 13 the the DT 33914 22 14 bony bony NN 33914 22 15 and and CC 33914 22 16 horny horny NN 33914 22 17 palates palate NNS 33914 22 18 have have VBP 33914 22 19 served serve VBN 33914 22 20 as as IN 33914 22 21 a a DT 33914 22 22 basis basis NN 33914 22 23 for for IN 33914 22 24 the the DT 33914 22 25 division division NN 33914 22 26 of of IN 33914 22 27 the the DT 33914 22 28 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 22 29 into into IN 33914 22 30 as as RB 33914 22 31 many many JJ 33914 22 32 as as IN 33914 22 33 five five CD 33914 22 34 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 22 35 ( ( -LRB- 33914 22 36 Hellmayr Hellmayr NNP 33914 22 37 , , , 33914 22 38 1938 1938 CD 33914 22 39 : : SYM 33914 22 40 v v LS 33914 22 41 ) ) -RRB- 33914 22 42 : : : 33914 22 43 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 22 44 , , , 33914 22 45 Geospizinae Geospizinae NNP 33914 22 46 , , , 33914 22 47 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 22 48 , , , 33914 22 49 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 22 50 , , , 33914 22 51 and and CC 33914 22 52 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 22 53 . . . 33914 23 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 23 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 23 3 1951b:280 1951b:280 CD 33914 23 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 23 5 points point VBZ 33914 23 6 out out RP 33914 23 7 that that IN 33914 23 8 " " `` 33914 23 9 the the DT 33914 23 10 richmondenine richmondenine NN 33914 23 11 finches finch NNS 33914 23 12 arise arise VBP 33914 23 13 so so RB 33914 23 14 uninterruptedly uninterruptedly RB 33914 23 15 out out IN 33914 23 16 of of IN 33914 23 17 the the DT 33914 23 18 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 23 19 that that WDT 33914 23 20 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 23 21 have have VBP 33914 23 22 had have VBN 33914 23 23 to to TO 33914 23 24 draw draw VB 33914 23 25 the the DT 33914 23 26 dividing divide VBG 33914 23 27 line line NN 33914 23 28 between between IN 33914 23 29 the the DT 33914 23 30 two two CD 33914 23 31 groups group NNS 33914 23 32 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 33914 23 33 . . . 33914 23 34 " " '' 33914 24 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 33914 24 2 study study NN 33914 24 3 of of IN 33914 24 4 pattern pattern NN 33914 24 5 of of IN 33914 24 6 jaw jaw NN 33914 24 7 - - HYPH 33914 24 8 musculature musculature NN 33914 24 9 substantiates substantiate NNS 33914 24 10 this this DT 33914 24 11 . . . 33914 25 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 25 2 states state VBZ 33914 25 3 further far RBR 33914 25 4 that that IN 33914 25 5 the the DT 33914 25 6 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 25 7 finches finche VBZ 33914 25 8 arise arise VBP 33914 25 9 without without IN 33914 25 10 disjunction disjunction NN 33914 25 11 from from IN 33914 25 12 the the DT 33914 25 13 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 25 14 . . . 33914 26 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 26 2 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 26 3 , , , 33914 26 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 26 5 , , , 33914 26 6 that that IN 33914 26 7 the the DT 33914 26 8 two two CD 33914 26 9 groups group NNS 33914 26 10 of of IN 33914 26 11 " " `` 33914 26 12 tanager tanager NN 33914 26 13 - - HYPH 33914 26 14 finches finch NNS 33914 26 15 " " '' 33914 26 16 be be VB 33914 26 17 made make VBN 33914 26 18 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 26 19 of of IN 33914 26 20 the the DT 33914 26 21 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 26 22 and and CC 33914 26 23 that that IN 33914 26 24 a a DT 33914 26 25 third third JJ 33914 26 26 subfamily subfamily RB 33914 26 27 be be VB 33914 26 28 maintained maintain VBN 33914 26 29 for for IN 33914 26 30 the the DT 33914 26 31 more more RBR 33914 26 32 typical typical JJ 33914 26 33 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 26 34 . . . 33914 27 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 27 2 states state VBZ 33914 27 3 that that IN 33914 27 4 the the DT 33914 27 5 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 27 6 finches finch NNS 33914 27 7 are be VBP 33914 27 8 of of IN 33914 27 9 different different JJ 33914 27 10 origin origin NN 33914 27 11 , , , 33914 27 12 arising arise VBG 33914 27 13 from from IN 33914 27 14 the the DT 33914 27 15 wood wood NN 33914 27 16 warblers warbler NNS 33914 27 17 ( ( -LRB- 33914 27 18 1953:307 1953:307 CD 33914 27 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 27 20 . . . 33914 28 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 28 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 28 3 1951a:431 1951a:431 CD 33914 28 4 ; ; : 33914 28 5 1953:309 1953:309 CD 33914 28 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 28 7 includes include VBZ 33914 28 8 the the DT 33914 28 9 Dickcissel Dickcissel NNP 33914 28 10 , , , 33914 28 11 _ _ NNP 33914 28 12 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 28 13 americana americana VBZ 33914 28 14 _ _ NNP 33914 28 15 , , , 33914 28 16 in in IN 33914 28 17 the the DT 33914 28 18 Family Family NNP 33914 28 19 Icteridae Icteridae NNP 33914 28 20 , , , 33914 28 21 chiefly chiefly RB 33914 28 22 on on IN 33914 28 23 the the DT 33914 28 24 basis basis NN 33914 28 25 of of IN 33914 28 26 jaw jaw NN 33914 28 27 muscle muscle NN 33914 28 28 - - HYPH 33914 28 29 pattern pattern NN 33914 28 30 and and CC 33914 28 31 the the DT 33914 28 32 horny horny NNP 33914 28 33 palate palate NN 33914 28 34 . . . 33914 29 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 29 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 29 3 1954:10 1954:10 CD 33914 29 4 - - SYM 33914 29 5 11 11 CD 33914 29 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 29 7 presents present VBZ 33914 29 8 evidence evidence NN 33914 29 9 that that IN 33914 29 10 the the DT 33914 29 11 occurrence occurrence NN 33914 29 12 of of IN 33914 29 13 palato palato NN 33914 29 14 - - HYPH 33914 29 15 maxillary maxillary JJ 33914 29 16 bones bone NNS 33914 29 17 in in IN 33914 29 18 nine nine CD 33914 29 19 - - HYPH 33914 29 20 primaried primarie VBN 33914 29 21 birds bird NNS 33914 29 22 indicates indicate VBZ 33914 29 23 relationship relationship NN 33914 29 24 among among IN 33914 29 25 the the DT 33914 29 26 forms form NNS 33914 29 27 possessing possess VBG 33914 29 28 them -PRON- PRP 33914 29 29 . . . 33914 30 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 30 2 points point VBZ 33914 30 3 out out RP 33914 30 4 that that IN 33914 30 5 all all DT 33914 30 6 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 30 7 except except IN 33914 30 8 the the DT 33914 30 9 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 30 10 possess possess VBP 33914 30 11 palato palato NN 33914 30 12 - - HYPH 33914 30 13 maxillaries maxillary NNS 33914 30 14 that that WDT 33914 30 15 are be VBP 33914 30 16 either either CC 33914 30 17 free free JJ 33914 30 18 or or CC 33914 30 19 more more JJR 33914 30 20 or or CC 33914 30 21 less less RBR 33914 30 22 fused fuse VBN 33914 30 23 to to IN 33914 30 24 the the DT 33914 30 25 prepalatine prepalatine NN 33914 30 26 bar bar NN 33914 30 27 . . . 33914 31 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 31 2 points point VBZ 33914 31 3 out out RP 33914 31 4 also also RB 33914 31 5 that that IN 33914 31 6 in in IN 33914 31 7 all all DT 33914 31 8 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 31 9 , , , 33914 31 10 the the DT 33914 31 11 prepalatine prepalatine NN 33914 31 12 bar bar NN 33914 31 13 is be VBZ 33914 31 14 flared flare VBN 33914 31 15 at at IN 33914 31 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 31 17 juncture juncture NN 33914 31 18 with with IN 33914 31 19 the the DT 33914 31 20 premaxilla premaxilla NN 33914 31 21 , , , 33914 31 22 and and CC 33914 31 23 that that IN 33914 31 24 the the DT 33914 31 25 mediopalatine mediopalatine JJ 33914 31 26 processes process NNS 33914 31 27 are be VBP 33914 31 28 fused fuse VBN 33914 31 29 across across IN 33914 31 30 the the DT 33914 31 31 midline midline NN 33914 31 32 ; ; : 33914 31 33 noncardueline noncardueline NN 33914 31 34 fringillids fringillids NNP 33914 31 35 lack lack VBP 33914 31 36 these these DT 33914 31 37 characteristics characteristic NNS 33914 31 38 . . . 33914 32 1 In in IN 33914 32 2 addition addition NN 33914 32 3 to to IN 33914 32 4 the the DT 33914 32 5 above above JJ 33914 32 6 he -PRON- PRP 33914 32 7 cites cite VBZ 33914 32 8 differences difference NNS 33914 32 9 between between IN 33914 32 10 the the DT 33914 32 11 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 32 12 and and CC 33914 32 13 the the DT 33914 32 14 " " `` 33914 32 15 other other JJ 33914 32 16 " " '' 33914 32 17 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 32 18 in in IN 33914 32 19 the the DT 33914 32 20 appendicular appendicular JJ 33914 32 21 skeletons skeleton NNS 33914 32 22 , , , 33914 32 23 in in IN 33914 32 24 geographic geographic JJ 33914 32 25 distribution distribution NN 33914 32 26 , , , 33914 32 27 in in IN 33914 32 28 patterns pattern NNS 33914 32 29 of of IN 33914 32 30 migration migration NN 33914 32 31 , , , 33914 32 32 and and CC 33914 32 33 in in IN 33914 32 34 habits habit NNS 33914 32 35 . . . 33914 33 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 33 2 concludes conclude VBZ 33914 33 3 , , , 33914 33 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 33 5 , , , 33914 33 6 that that IN 33914 33 7 the the DT 33914 33 8 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 33 9 are be VBP 33914 33 10 not not RB 33914 33 11 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 33 12 but but CC 33914 33 13 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 33 14 , , , 33914 33 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 33 16 closest close JJS 33914 33 17 affinities affinity NNS 33914 33 18 being be VBG 33914 33 19 with with IN 33914 33 20 the the DT 33914 33 21 ploceid ploceid JJ 33914 33 22 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 33 23 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 33 24 . . . 33914 34 1 On on IN 33914 34 2 the the DT 33914 34 3 basis basis NN 33914 34 4 of of IN 33914 34 5 palatal palatal JJ 33914 34 6 structure structure NN 33914 34 7 , , , 33914 34 8 the the DT 33914 34 9 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 34 10 and and CC 33914 34 11 Geospizinae Geospizinae NNP 33914 34 12 are be VBP 33914 34 13 combined combine VBN 33914 34 14 with with IN 33914 34 15 the the DT 33914 34 16 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 34 17 , , , 33914 34 18 the the DT 33914 34 19 name name NN 33914 34 20 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 34 21 being be VBG 33914 34 22 maintained maintain VBN 33914 34 23 for for IN 33914 34 24 the the DT 33914 34 25 subfamily subfamily NN 33914 34 26 . . . 33914 35 1 The the DT 33914 35 2 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 35 3 merge merge VBP 33914 35 4 with with IN 33914 35 5 the the DT 33914 35 6 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 35 7 on on IN 33914 35 8 the the DT 33914 35 9 one one CD 33914 35 10 hand hand NN 33914 35 11 and and CC 33914 35 12 with with IN 33914 35 13 the the DT 33914 35 14 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 35 15 on on IN 33914 35 16 the the DT 33914 35 17 other other JJ 33914 35 18 . . . 33914 36 1 On on IN 33914 36 2 this this DT 33914 36 3 basis basis NN 33914 36 4 , , , 33914 36 5 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 36 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 36 7 1954:32 1954:32 CD 33914 36 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 36 9 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 36 10 that that IN 33914 36 11 the the DT 33914 36 12 Family Family NNP 33914 36 13 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 36 14 be be VB 33914 36 15 divided divide VBN 33914 36 16 into into IN 33914 36 17 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 36 18 as as IN 33914 36 19 follows follow VBZ 33914 36 20 : : : 33914 36 21 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 36 22 , , , 33914 36 23 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 36 24 , , , 33914 36 25 and and CC 33914 36 26 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 36 27 . . . 33914 37 1 The the DT 33914 37 2 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 37 3 are be VBP 33914 37 4 placed place VBN 33914 37 5 as as IN 33914 37 6 the the DT 33914 37 7 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 37 8 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 37 9 in in IN 33914 37 10 the the DT 33914 37 11 Family Family NNP 33914 37 12 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 37 13 . . . 33914 38 1 From from IN 33914 38 2 the the DT 33914 38 3 foregoing foregoing NN 33914 38 4 , , , 33914 38 5 it -PRON- PRP 33914 38 6 is be VBZ 33914 38 7 apparent apparent JJ 33914 38 8 that that IN 33914 38 9 the the DT 33914 38 10 two two CD 33914 38 11 most most RBS 33914 38 12 recent recent JJ 33914 38 13 lines line NNS 33914 38 14 of of IN 33914 38 15 research research NN 33914 38 16 have have VBP 33914 38 17 given give VBN 33914 38 18 rise rise NN 33914 38 19 to to IN 33914 38 20 conflicting conflicting JJ 33914 38 21 theories theory NNS 33914 38 22 regarding regard VBG 33914 38 23 relationships relationship NNS 33914 38 24 within within IN 33914 38 25 the the DT 33914 38 26 Family Family NNP 33914 38 27 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 38 28 . . . 33914 39 1 The the DT 33914 39 2 purpose purpose NN 33914 39 3 of of IN 33914 39 4 my -PRON- PRP$ 33914 39 5 investigation investigation NN 33914 39 6 , , , 33914 39 7 therefore therefore RB 33914 39 8 , , , 33914 39 9 has have VBZ 33914 39 10 been be VBN 33914 39 11 to to TO 33914 39 12 gather gather VB 33914 39 13 information information NN 33914 39 14 , , , 33914 39 15 from from IN 33914 39 16 other other JJ 33914 39 17 fields field NNS 33914 39 18 , , , 33914 39 19 which which WDT 33914 39 20 might may MD 33914 39 21 clarify clarify VB 33914 39 22 the the DT 33914 39 23 relationships relationship NNS 33914 39 24 of of IN 33914 39 25 these these DT 33914 39 26 birds bird NNS 33914 39 27 . . . 33914 40 1 Since since IN 33914 40 2 the the DT 33914 40 3 muscle muscle NN 33914 40 4 pattern pattern NN 33914 40 5 of of IN 33914 40 6 the the DT 33914 40 7 leg leg NN 33914 40 8 in in IN 33914 40 9 the the DT 33914 40 10 Order Order NNP 33914 40 11 Passeriformes Passeriformes NNPS 33914 40 12 is be VBZ 33914 40 13 thought think VBN 33914 40 14 to to TO 33914 40 15 be be VB 33914 40 16 one one CD 33914 40 17 of of IN 33914 40 18 long long JJ 33914 40 19 standing standing NN 33914 40 20 and and CC 33914 40 21 slow slow JJ 33914 40 22 change change NN 33914 40 23 , , , 33914 40 24 any any DT 33914 40 25 variation variation NN 33914 40 26 which which WDT 33914 40 27 consistently consistently RB 33914 40 28 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 33914 40 29 one one CD 33914 40 30 group group NN 33914 40 31 of of IN 33914 40 32 species specie NNS 33914 40 33 from from IN 33914 40 34 another another DT 33914 40 35 could could MD 33914 40 36 be be VB 33914 40 37 significant significant JJ 33914 40 38 . . . 33914 41 1 With with IN 33914 41 2 the the DT 33914 41 3 hope hope NN 33914 41 4 that that IN 33914 41 5 such such JJ 33914 41 6 variation variation NN 33914 41 7 might may MD 33914 41 8 be be VB 33914 41 9 found find VBN 33914 41 10 , , , 33914 41 11 a a DT 33914 41 12 study study NN 33914 41 13 of of IN 33914 41 14 the the DT 33914 41 15 comparative comparative JJ 33914 41 16 myology myology NN 33914 41 17 of of IN 33914 41 18 the the DT 33914 41 19 legs leg NNS 33914 41 20 was be VBD 33914 41 21 undertaken undertake VBN 33914 41 22 . . . 33914 42 1 The the DT 33914 42 2 usefulness usefulness NN 33914 42 3 of of IN 33914 42 4 comparative comparative JJ 33914 42 5 serology serology NN 33914 42 6 as as IN 33914 42 7 a a DT 33914 42 8 means means NN 33914 42 9 of of IN 33914 42 10 determining determine VBG 33914 42 11 relationship relationship NN 33914 42 12 has have VBZ 33914 42 13 been be VBN 33914 42 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 33914 42 15 in in IN 33914 42 16 many many JJ 33914 42 17 investigations investigation NNS 33914 42 18 . . . 33914 43 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 43 2 use use NN 33914 43 3 in in IN 33914 43 4 this this DT 33914 43 5 instance instance NN 33914 43 6 was be VBD 33914 43 7 undertaken undertake VBN 33914 43 8 for for IN 33914 43 9 several several JJ 33914 43 10 reasons reason NNS 33914 43 11 : : : 33914 43 12 comparative comparative JJ 33914 43 13 serology serology NN 33914 43 14 has have VBZ 33914 43 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 43 16 basis basis NN 33914 43 17 in in IN 33914 43 18 biochemical biochemical JJ 33914 43 19 systems system NNS 33914 43 20 which which WDT 33914 43 21 seem seem VBP 33914 43 22 to to TO 33914 43 23 evolve evolve VB 33914 43 24 slowly slowly RB 33914 43 25 ; ; : 33914 43 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 43 27 methods method NNS 33914 43 28 are be VBP 33914 43 29 objective objective JJ 33914 43 30 ; ; : 33914 43 31 and and CC 33914 43 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 43 33 use use NN 33914 43 34 has have VBZ 33914 43 35 , , , 33914 43 36 heretofore heretofore RB 33914 43 37 , , , 33914 43 38 resulted result VBD 33914 43 39 in in IN 33914 43 40 the the DT 33914 43 41 accumulation accumulation NN 33914 43 42 of of IN 33914 43 43 data datum NNS 33914 43 44 which which WDT 33914 43 45 seem seem VBP 33914 43 46 compatible compatible JJ 33914 43 47 , , , 33914 43 48 in in IN 33914 43 49 most most JJS 33914 43 50 instances instance NNS 33914 43 51 , , , 33914 43 52 with with IN 33914 43 53 data datum NNS 33914 43 54 obtained obtain VBN 33914 43 55 from from IN 33914 43 56 other other JJ 33914 43 57 sources source NNS 33914 43 58 . . . 33914 44 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 44 2 acknowledge acknowledge VBP 33914 44 3 with with IN 33914 44 4 pleasure pleasure NN 33914 44 5 the the DT 33914 44 6 guidance guidance NN 33914 44 7 received receive VBN 33914 44 8 in in IN 33914 44 9 this this DT 33914 44 10 study study NN 33914 44 11 from from IN 33914 44 12 Prof. Prof. NNP 33914 44 13 Harrison Harrison NNP 33914 44 14 B. B. NNP 33914 44 15 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 44 16 of of IN 33914 44 17 the the DT 33914 44 18 University University NNP 33914 44 19 of of IN 33914 44 20 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 44 21 . . . 33914 45 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 45 2 am be VBP 33914 45 3 indebted indebted JJ 33914 45 4 also also RB 33914 45 5 to to IN 33914 45 6 Prof. Prof. NNP 33914 45 7 Charles Charles NNP 33914 45 8 A. A. NNP 33914 45 9 Leone Leone NNP 33914 45 10 without without IN 33914 45 11 whose whose WP$ 33914 45 12 direction direction NN 33914 45 13 and and CC 33914 45 14 assistance assistance NN 33914 45 15 the the DT 33914 45 16 serological serological JJ 33914 45 17 investigations investigation NNS 33914 45 18 would would MD 33914 45 19 not not RB 33914 45 20 have have VB 33914 45 21 been be VBN 33914 45 22 possible possible JJ 33914 45 23 ; ; : 33914 45 24 to to IN 33914 45 25 Professors Professors NNPS 33914 45 26 E. E. NNP 33914 45 27 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 45 28 Hall Hall NNP 33914 45 29 and and CC 33914 45 30 A. A. NNP 33914 45 31 Byron Byron NNP 33914 45 32 Leonard Leonard NNP 33914 45 33 whose whose WP$ 33914 45 34 suggestions suggestion NNS 33914 45 35 and and CC 33914 45 36 criticisms criticism NNS 33914 45 37 have have VBP 33914 45 38 been be VBN 33914 45 39 most most RBS 33914 45 40 helpful helpful JJ 33914 45 41 in in IN 33914 45 42 the the DT 33914 45 43 preparation preparation NN 33914 45 44 of of IN 33914 45 45 this this DT 33914 45 46 paper paper NN 33914 45 47 ; ; : 33914 45 48 and and CC 33914 45 49 to to IN 33914 45 50 T. T. NNP 33914 45 51 D. D. NNP 33914 45 52 Burleigh Burleigh NNP 33914 45 53 of of IN 33914 45 54 the the DT 33914 45 55 U. U. NNP 33914 45 56 S. S. NNP 33914 45 57 Fish Fish NNP 33914 45 58 and and CC 33914 45 59 Wildlife Wildlife NNP 33914 45 60 Service Service NNP 33914 45 61 for for IN 33914 45 62 gifts gift NNS 33914 45 63 of of IN 33914 45 64 several several JJ 33914 45 65 specimens specimen NNS 33914 45 66 used use VBN 33914 45 67 in in IN 33914 45 68 this this DT 33914 45 69 work work NN 33914 45 70 . . . 33914 46 1 Assistance assistance NN 33914 46 2 with with IN 33914 46 3 certain certain JJ 33914 46 4 parts part NNS 33914 46 5 of of IN 33914 46 6 the the DT 33914 46 7 study study NN 33914 46 8 were be VBD 33914 46 9 received receive VBN 33914 46 10 from from IN 33914 46 11 a a DT 33914 46 12 contract contract NN 33914 46 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 46 14 NR163014 nr163014 NN 33914 46 15 ) ) -RRB- 33914 46 16 between between IN 33914 46 17 the the DT 33914 46 18 Office Office NNP 33914 46 19 of of IN 33914 46 20 Naval Naval NNP 33914 46 21 Research Research NNP 33914 46 22 of of IN 33914 46 23 the the DT 33914 46 24 United United NNP 33914 46 25 States States NNP 33914 46 26 Navy Navy NNP 33914 46 27 and and CC 33914 46 28 the the DT 33914 46 29 University University NNP 33914 46 30 of of IN 33914 46 31 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 46 32 . . . 33914 47 1 MYOLOGY MYOLOGY NNP 33914 47 2 OF of IN 33914 47 3 THE the DT 33914 47 4 PELVIC PELVIC NNP 33914 47 5 APPENDAGE APPENDAGE NNP 33914 47 6 General General NNP 33914 47 7 Statement Statement NNP 33914 47 8 In in IN 33914 47 9 an an DT 33914 47 10 excellent excellent JJ 33914 47 11 paper paper NN 33914 47 12 in in IN 33914 47 13 which which WDT 33914 47 14 the the DT 33914 47 15 muscles muscle NNS 33914 47 16 of of IN 33914 47 17 the the DT 33914 47 18 pelvic pelvic JJ 33914 47 19 appendage appendage NN 33914 47 20 of of IN 33914 47 21 birds bird NNS 33914 47 22 are be VBP 33914 47 23 carefully carefully RB 33914 47 24 and and CC 33914 47 25 accurately accurately RB 33914 47 26 described describe VBN 33914 47 27 , , , 33914 47 28 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 47 29 ( ( -LRB- 33914 47 30 1937 1937 CD 33914 47 31 ) ) -RRB- 33914 47 32 reviewed review VBD 33914 47 33 briefly briefly RB 33914 47 34 the the DT 33914 47 35 more more RBR 33914 47 36 important important JJ 33914 47 37 literature literature NN 33914 47 38 pertaining pertain VBG 33914 47 39 to to IN 33914 47 40 the the DT 33914 47 41 musculature musculature NN 33914 47 42 of of IN 33914 47 43 the the DT 33914 47 44 leg leg NN 33914 47 45 which which WDT 33914 47 46 had have VBD 33914 47 47 been be VBN 33914 47 48 published publish VBN 33914 47 49 to to IN 33914 47 50 that that DT 33914 47 51 date date NN 33914 47 52 . . . 33914 48 1 A a DT 33914 48 2 review review NN 33914 48 3 of of IN 33914 48 4 such such JJ 33914 48 5 information information NN 33914 48 6 here here RB 33914 48 7 , , , 33914 48 8 therefore therefore RB 33914 48 9 , , , 33914 48 10 seems seem VBZ 33914 48 11 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 33914 48 12 . . . 33914 49 1 Myological myological JJ 33914 49 2 formulae formula NNS 33914 49 3 suggested suggest VBN 33914 49 4 by by IN 33914 49 5 Garrod Garrod NNP 33914 49 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 49 7 1873 1873 CD 33914 49 8 , , , 33914 49 9 1874 1874 CD 33914 49 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 49 11 have have VBP 33914 49 12 been be VBN 33914 49 13 extensively extensively RB 33914 49 14 used use VBN 33914 49 15 by by IN 33914 49 16 taxonomists taxonomist NNS 33914 49 17 as as IN 33914 49 18 aids aid NNS 33914 49 19 in in IN 33914 49 20 characterizing characterize VBG 33914 49 21 the the DT 33914 49 22 orders order NNS 33914 49 23 of of IN 33914 49 24 birds bird NNS 33914 49 25 . . . 33914 50 1 Relatively relatively RB 33914 50 2 few few JJ 33914 50 3 investigations investigation NNS 33914 50 4 , , , 33914 50 5 however however RB 33914 50 6 , , , 33914 50 7 involving involve VBG 33914 50 8 the the DT 33914 50 9 comparative comparative JJ 33914 50 10 myology myology NN 33914 50 11 of of IN 33914 50 12 the the DT 33914 50 13 leg leg NN 33914 50 14 have have VBP 33914 50 15 been be VBN 33914 50 16 undertaken undertake VBN 33914 50 17 at at IN 33914 50 18 family family NN 33914 50 19 and and CC 33914 50 20 subfamily subfamily JJ 33914 50 21 levels level NNS 33914 50 22 . . . 33914 51 1 The the DT 33914 51 2 works work NNS 33914 51 3 of of IN 33914 51 4 Fisher Fisher NNP 33914 51 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 51 6 1946 1946 CD 33914 51 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 51 8 , , , 33914 51 9 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 51 10 ( ( -LRB- 33914 51 11 1948 1948 CD 33914 51 12 ) ) -RRB- 33914 51 13 , , , 33914 51 14 and and CC 33914 51 15 Berger Berger NNP 33914 51 16 ( ( -LRB- 33914 51 17 1952 1952 CD 33914 51 18 ) ) -RRB- 33914 51 19 are be VBP 33914 51 20 notable notable JJ 33914 51 21 exceptions exception NNS 33914 51 22 . . . 33914 52 1 The the DT 33914 52 2 terminology terminology NN 33914 52 3 for for IN 33914 52 4 the the DT 33914 52 5 muscles muscle NNS 33914 52 6 used use VBN 33914 52 7 in in IN 33914 52 8 this this DT 33914 52 9 paper paper NN 33914 52 10 follows follow VBZ 33914 52 11 that that DT 33914 52 12 of of IN 33914 52 13 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 52 14 ( ( -LRB- 33914 52 15 1937 1937 CD 33914 52 16 ) ) -RRB- 33914 52 17 , , , 33914 52 18 except except IN 33914 52 19 that that IN 33914 52 20 I -PRON- PRP 33914 52 21 have have VBP 33914 52 22 followed follow VBN 33914 52 23 Berger Berger NNP 33914 52 24 ( ( -LRB- 33914 52 25 1952 1952 CD 33914 52 26 ) ) -RRB- 33914 52 27 in in IN 33914 52 28 Latinizing latinize VBG 33914 52 29 all all DT 33914 52 30 names name NNS 33914 52 31 . . . 33914 53 1 Homologies homology NNS 33914 53 2 are be VBP 33914 53 3 not not RB 33914 53 4 given give VBN 33914 53 5 since since IN 33914 53 6 these these DT 33914 53 7 are be VBP 33914 53 8 reviewed review VBN 33914 53 9 by by IN 33914 53 10 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 53 11 . . . 33914 54 1 Osteological osteological JJ 33914 54 2 terms term NNS 33914 54 3 are be VBP 33914 54 4 from from IN 33914 54 5 Howard Howard NNP 33914 54 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 54 7 1929 1929 CD 33914 54 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 54 9 . . . 33914 55 1 Materials material NNS 33914 55 2 and and CC 33914 55 3 Methods Methods NNPS 33914 55 4 Specimens Specimens NNPS 33914 55 5 were be VBD 33914 55 6 preserved preserve VBN 33914 55 7 in in IN 33914 55 8 a a DT 33914 55 9 solution solution NN 33914 55 10 of of IN 33914 55 11 one one CD 33914 55 12 part part NN 33914 55 13 formalin formalin NN 33914 55 14 to to IN 33914 55 15 eight eight CD 33914 55 16 parts part NNS 33914 55 17 of of IN 33914 55 18 water water NN 33914 55 19 . . . 33914 56 1 Thorough thorough JJ 33914 56 2 injection injection NN 33914 56 3 of of IN 33914 56 4 all all DT 33914 56 5 tissues tissue NNS 33914 56 6 was be VBD 33914 56 7 necessary necessary JJ 33914 56 8 for for IN 33914 56 9 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 33914 56 10 preservation preservation NN 33914 56 11 . . . 33914 57 1 Most Most JJS 33914 57 2 of of IN 33914 57 3 the the DT 33914 57 4 down down NN 33914 57 5 and and CC 33914 57 6 contour contour NN 33914 57 7 feathers feather NNS 33914 57 8 were be VBD 33914 57 9 removed remove VBN 33914 57 10 to to TO 33914 57 11 allow allow VB 33914 57 12 the the DT 33914 57 13 preservative preservative NN 33914 57 14 to to TO 33914 57 15 reach reach VB 33914 57 16 the the DT 33914 57 17 skin skin NN 33914 57 18 . . . 33914 58 1 In in IN 33914 58 2 preparing prepare VBG 33914 58 3 specimens specimen NNS 33914 58 4 for for IN 33914 58 5 study study NN 33914 58 6 , , , 33914 58 7 the the DT 33914 58 8 legs leg NNS 33914 58 9 and and CC 33914 58 10 pelvic pelvic JJ 33914 58 11 girdle girdle NNP 33914 58 12 were be VBD 33914 58 13 removed remove VBN 33914 58 14 and and CC 33914 58 15 washed wash VBN 33914 58 16 in in IN 33914 58 17 running running NN 33914 58 18 water water NN 33914 58 19 for for IN 33914 58 20 several several JJ 33914 58 21 hours hour NNS 33914 58 22 to to TO 33914 58 23 remove remove VB 33914 58 24 much much JJ 33914 58 25 of of IN 33914 58 26 the the DT 33914 58 27 formalin formalin NN 33914 58 28 . . . 33914 59 1 They -PRON- PRP 33914 59 2 were be VBD 33914 59 3 then then RB 33914 59 4 transferred transfer VBN 33914 59 5 to to IN 33914 59 6 a a DT 33914 59 7 mixture mixture NN 33914 59 8 of of IN 33914 59 9 50 50 CD 33914 59 10 per per NN 33914 59 11 cent cent NN 33914 59 12 alcohol alcohol NN 33914 59 13 and and CC 33914 59 14 a a DT 33914 59 15 small small JJ 33914 59 16 amount amount NN 33914 59 17 of of IN 33914 59 18 glycerine glycerine NN 33914 59 19 . . . 33914 60 1 All all DT 33914 60 2 specimens specimen NNS 33914 60 3 were be VBD 33914 60 4 dissected dissect VBN 33914 60 5 with with IN 33914 60 6 the the DT 33914 60 7 aid aid NN 33914 60 8 of of IN 33914 60 9 a a DT 33914 60 10 low low JJ 33914 60 11 power power NN 33914 60 12 binocular binocular NN 33914 60 13 microscope microscope NN 33914 60 14 . . . 33914 61 1 Where where WRB 33914 61 2 possible possible JJ 33914 61 3 , , , 33914 61 4 several several JJ 33914 61 5 specimens specimen NNS 33914 61 6 of of IN 33914 61 7 each each DT 33914 61 8 species specie NNS 33914 61 9 were be VBD 33914 61 10 examined examine VBN 33914 61 11 for for IN 33914 61 12 individual individual JJ 33914 61 13 differences difference NNS 33914 61 14 . . . 33914 62 1 Such such JJ 33914 62 2 differences difference NNS 33914 62 3 were be VBD 33914 62 4 found find VBN 33914 62 5 to to TO 33914 62 6 be be VB 33914 62 7 slight slight JJ 33914 62 8 , , , 33914 62 9 involving involve VBG 33914 62 10 mainly mainly RB 33914 62 11 size size NN 33914 62 12 and and CC 33914 62 13 shape shape NN 33914 62 14 of of IN 33914 62 15 the the DT 33914 62 16 muscles muscle NNS 33914 62 17 . . . 33914 63 1 The the DT 33914 63 2 size size NN 33914 63 3 is be VBZ 33914 63 4 dependent dependent JJ 33914 63 5 partly partly RB 33914 63 6 on on IN 33914 63 7 the the DT 33914 63 8 age age NN 33914 63 9 of of IN 33914 63 10 the the DT 33914 63 11 bird bird NN 33914 63 12 , , , 33914 63 13 muscles muscle NNS 33914 63 14 from from IN 33914 63 15 older old JJR 33914 63 16 birds bird NNS 33914 63 17 being be VBG 33914 63 18 larger large JJR 33914 63 19 and and CC 33914 63 20 better well RBR 33914 63 21 developed develop VBN 33914 63 22 . . . 33914 64 1 The the DT 33914 64 2 shape shape NN 33914 64 3 of of IN 33914 64 4 a a DT 33914 64 5 muscle muscle NN 33914 64 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 64 7 whether whether IN 33914 64 8 long long JJ 33914 64 9 and and CC 33914 64 10 slender slender JJ 33914 64 11 or or CC 33914 64 12 short short JJ 33914 64 13 and and CC 33914 64 14 thick thick JJ 33914 64 15 ) ) -RRB- 33914 64 16 is be VBZ 33914 64 17 due due JJ 33914 64 18 in in IN 33914 64 19 part part NN 33914 64 20 to to IN 33914 64 21 the the DT 33914 64 22 position position NN 33914 64 23 in in IN 33914 64 24 which which WDT 33914 64 25 the the DT 33914 64 26 leg leg NN 33914 64 27 was be VBD 33914 64 28 preserved preserve VBN 33914 64 29 ; ; : 33914 64 30 that that DT 33914 64 31 is be VBZ 33914 64 32 to to TO 33914 64 33 say say VB 33914 64 34 , , , 33914 64 35 a a DT 33914 64 36 muscle muscle NN 33914 64 37 may may MD 33914 64 38 be be VB 33914 64 39 extended extend VBN 33914 64 40 in in IN 33914 64 41 one one CD 33914 64 42 bird bird NN 33914 64 43 and and CC 33914 64 44 contracted contract VBD 33914 64 45 in in IN 33914 64 46 another another DT 33914 64 47 . . . 33914 65 1 For for IN 33914 65 2 these these DT 33914 65 3 reasons reason NNS 33914 65 4 , , , 33914 65 5 descriptions description NNS 33914 65 6 and and CC 33914 65 7 comparisons comparison NNS 33914 65 8 are be VBP 33914 65 9 based base VBN 33914 65 10 mainly mainly RB 33914 65 11 on on IN 33914 65 12 the the DT 33914 65 13 origin origin NN 33914 65 14 and and CC 33914 65 15 insertion insertion NN 33914 65 16 of of IN 33914 65 17 a a DT 33914 65 18 muscle muscle NN 33914 65 19 and and CC 33914 65 20 on on IN 33914 65 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 65 22 position position NN 33914 65 23 in in IN 33914 65 24 relation relation NN 33914 65 25 to to IN 33914 65 26 adjoining adjoining JJ 33914 65 27 muscles muscle NNS 33914 65 28 . . . 33914 66 1 Birds bird NNS 33914 66 2 dissected dissect VBD 33914 66 3 in in IN 33914 66 4 this this DT 33914 66 5 study study NN 33914 66 6 are be VBP 33914 66 7 listed list VBN 33914 66 8 below below IN 33914 66 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 10 in in IN 33914 66 11 the the DT 33914 66 12 order order NN 33914 66 13 of of IN 33914 66 14 the the DT 33914 66 15 A. a. NN 33914 66 16 O. O. NNP 33914 66 17 U. U. NNP 33914 66 18 Check Check NNP 33914 66 19 - - HYPH 33914 66 20 List List NNP 33914 66 21 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 22 : : : 33914 66 23 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 33914 66 24 _ _ NNP 33914 66 25 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 66 26 olivaceus olivaceu NNS 33914 66 27 _ _ NNP 33914 66 28 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 29 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 30 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 31 _ _ NNP 33914 66 32 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 66 33 tephrocotis tephrocotis NN 33914 66 34 _ _ NNP 33914 66 35 _ _ NNP 33914 66 36 Seiurus Seiurus NNP 33914 66 37 motacilla motacilla NN 33914 66 38 _ _ NNP 33914 66 39 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 40 Vieillot Vieillot NNP 33914 66 41 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 42 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 43 Swainson Swainson NNP 33914 66 44 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 45 _ _ NNP 33914 66 46 Passer Passer NNP 33914 66 47 domesticus domesticus NNP 33914 66 48 _ _ NNP 33914 66 49 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 50 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 51 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 52 _ _ NNP 33914 66 53 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 66 54 tristis tristis NN 33914 66 55 _ _ NNP 33914 66 56 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 57 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 58 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 59 _ _ NNP 33914 66 60 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 66 61 amandava amandava NN 33914 66 62 _ _ NNP 33914 66 63 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 64 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 65 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 66 _ _ NNP 33914 66 67 Loxia Loxia NNP 33914 66 68 curvirostra curvirostra NN 33914 66 69 _ _ NNP 33914 66 70 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 71 _ _ NNP 33914 66 72 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 66 73 guttata guttata NN 33914 66 74 _ _ NNP 33914 66 75 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 76 Reichenbach Reichenbach NNP 33914 66 77 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 78 _ _ NNP 33914 66 79 Chlorura Chlorura NNP 33914 66 80 chlorura chlorura NNP 33914 66 81 _ _ NNP 33914 66 82 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 83 Audubon Audubon NNP 33914 66 84 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 85 _ _ NNP 33914 66 86 Icterus Icterus NNP 33914 66 87 galbula galbula NN 33914 66 88 _ _ NNP 33914 66 89 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 90 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 91 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 92 _ _ NNP 33914 66 93 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 66 94 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 66 95 _ _ NNP 33914 66 96 _ _ NNP 33914 66 97 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 66 98 ater ater NN 33914 66 99 _ _ NNP 33914 66 100 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 101 Boddaert Boddaert NNP 33914 66 102 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 103 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 104 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 105 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 106 _ _ NNP 33914 66 107 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 66 108 rubra rubra NNP 33914 66 109 _ _ NNP 33914 66 110 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 111 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 112 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 113 _ _ NNP 33914 66 114 Calamospiza Calamospiza NNP 33914 66 115 melanocorys melanocorys NN 33914 66 116 _ _ NNP 33914 66 117 _ _ NNP 33914 66 118 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 66 119 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 66 120 _ _ NNP 33914 66 121 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 122 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 123 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 124 Stejneger Stejneger NNP 33914 66 125 _ _ NNP 33914 66 126 Guiraca Guiraca NNP 33914 66 127 caerulea caerulea NN 33914 66 128 _ _ NNP 33914 66 129 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 130 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 131 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 132 _ _ NNP 33914 66 133 Chondestes Chondestes NNP 33914 66 134 grammacus grammacus NN 33914 66 135 _ _ NNP 33914 66 136 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 137 Say Say NNP 33914 66 138 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 139 _ _ NNP 33914 66 140 Passerina Passerina NNP 33914 66 141 cyanea cyanea NN 33914 66 142 _ _ NNP 33914 66 143 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 144 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 145 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 146 _ _ NNP 33914 66 147 Junco Junco NNP 33914 66 148 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 66 149 _ _ NNP 33914 66 150 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 151 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 152 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 153 _ _ NNP 33914 66 154 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 66 155 americana americana VBZ 33914 66 156 _ _ NNP 33914 66 157 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 158 Gmelin Gmelin NNP 33914 66 159 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 160 _ _ NNP 33914 66 161 Spizella Spizella NNP 33914 66 162 arborea arborea NN 33914 66 163 _ _ NNP 33914 66 164 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 165 Wilson Wilson NNP 33914 66 166 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 167 _ _ NNP 33914 66 168 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 66 169 vespertina vespertina NN 33914 66 170 _ _ NNP 33914 66 171 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 172 Cooper Cooper NNP 33914 66 173 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 174 _ _ NNP 33914 66 175 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 66 176 querula querula NN 33914 66 177 _ _ NNP 33914 66 178 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 179 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 33914 66 180 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 181 _ _ NNP 33914 66 182 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 66 183 purpureus purpureus NN 33914 66 184 _ _ NNP 33914 66 185 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 186 Gmelin Gmelin NNP 33914 66 187 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 188 _ _ NNP 33914 66 189 Passerella Passerella NNP 33914 66 190 iliaca iliaca NN 33914 66 191 _ _ NNP 33914 66 192 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 193 Merrem Merrem NNP 33914 66 194 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 195 _ _ NNP 33914 66 196 Pinicola Pinicola NNP 33914 66 197 enucleator enucleator NN 33914 66 198 _ _ NNP 33914 66 199 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 200 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 201 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 202 _ _ NNP 33914 66 203 Calcarius Calcarius NNP 33914 66 204 lapponicus lapponicus NN 33914 66 205 _ _ NNP 33914 66 206 ( ( -LRB- 33914 66 207 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 66 208 ) ) -RRB- 33914 66 209 Description description NN 33914 66 210 of of IN 33914 66 211 Muscles muscle NNS 33914 66 212 The the DT 33914 66 213 descriptions description NNS 33914 66 214 which which WDT 33914 66 215 follow follow VBP 33914 66 216 are be VBP 33914 66 217 those those DT 33914 66 218 of of IN 33914 66 219 the the DT 33914 66 220 muscles muscle NNS 33914 66 221 in in IN 33914 66 222 the the DT 33914 66 223 leg leg NN 33914 66 224 of of IN 33914 66 225 the the DT 33914 66 226 Red red JJ 33914 66 227 - - HYPH 33914 66 228 eyed eyed JJ 33914 66 229 Towhee Towhee NNP 33914 66 230 , , , 33914 66 231 _ _ NNP 33914 66 232 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 66 233 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 66 234 _ _ NNP 33914 66 235 . . . 33914 67 1 Differences difference NNS 33914 67 2 between between IN 33914 67 3 species specie NNS 33914 67 4 , , , 33914 67 5 where where WRB 33914 67 6 present present JJ 33914 67 7 , , , 33914 67 8 are be VBP 33914 67 9 noted note VBN 33914 67 10 for for IN 33914 67 11 each each DT 33914 67 12 muscle muscle NN 33914 67 13 . . . 33914 68 1 The the DT 33914 68 2 term term NN 33914 68 3 thigh thigh NN 33914 68 4 is be VBZ 33914 68 5 used use VBN 33914 68 6 to to TO 33914 68 7 refer refer VB 33914 68 8 to to IN 33914 68 9 the the DT 33914 68 10 proximal proximal JJ 33914 68 11 segment segment NN 33914 68 12 of of IN 33914 68 13 the the DT 33914 68 14 leg leg NN 33914 68 15 ; ; : 33914 68 16 the the DT 33914 68 17 term term NN 33914 68 18 crus crus NN 33914 68 19 is be VBZ 33914 68 20 used use VBN 33914 68 21 for for IN 33914 68 22 that that DT 33914 68 23 segment segment NN 33914 68 24 of of IN 33914 68 25 the the DT 33914 68 26 leg leg NN 33914 68 27 immediately immediately RB 33914 68 28 distal distal JJ 33914 68 29 to to IN 33914 68 30 the the DT 33914 68 31 thigh thigh NN 33914 68 32 . . . 33914 69 1 _ _ NNP 33914 69 2 + + DT 33914 69 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 69 4 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NN 33914 69 5 posticus+ posticus+ NNP 33914 69 6 _ _ NNP 33914 69 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 69 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 69 9 . . . 33914 70 1 2).--The 2).--the JJ 33914 70 2 origin origin NN 33914 70 3 of of IN 33914 70 4 this this DT 33914 70 5 muscle muscle NN 33914 70 6 is be VBZ 33914 70 7 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 70 8 from from IN 33914 70 9 the the DT 33914 70 10 entire entire JJ 33914 70 11 concave concave NNP 33914 70 12 lateral lateral JJ 33914 70 13 surface surface NN 33914 70 14 of of IN 33914 70 15 the the DT 33914 70 16 ilium ilium NNP 33914 70 17 anterior anterior NNP 33914 70 18 to to IN 33914 70 19 the the DT 33914 70 20 acetabulum acetabulum NN 33914 70 21 . . . 33914 71 1 The the DT 33914 71 2 fibers fiber NNS 33914 71 3 converge converge VBP 33914 71 4 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 71 5 , , , 33914 71 6 and and CC 33914 71 7 the the DT 33914 71 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 71 9 inserts insert NNS 33914 71 10 by by IN 33914 71 11 a a DT 33914 71 12 short short JJ 33914 71 13 , , , 33914 71 14 broad broad JJ 33914 71 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 71 16 on on IN 33914 71 17 the the DT 33914 71 18 lateral lateral JJ 33914 71 19 surface surface NN 33914 71 20 of of IN 33914 71 21 the the DT 33914 71 22 femur femur NN 33914 71 23 immediately immediately RB 33914 71 24 distal distal JJ 33914 71 25 to to IN 33914 71 26 the the DT 33914 71 27 trochanter trochanter NN 33914 71 28 . . . 33914 72 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 72 2 is be VBZ 33914 72 3 the the DT 33914 72 4 largest large JJS 33914 72 5 muscle muscle NN 33914 72 6 which which WDT 33914 72 7 passes pass VBZ 33914 72 8 from from IN 33914 72 9 the the DT 33914 72 10 ilium ilium NN 33914 72 11 to to IN 33914 72 12 the the DT 33914 72 13 femur femur NN 33914 72 14 . . . 33914 73 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 73 2 femur femur NN 33914 73 3 forward forward RB 33914 73 4 and and CC 33914 73 5 rotates rotate VBZ 33914 73 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 73 7 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 73 8 . . . 33914 74 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 74 2 significant significant JJ 33914 74 3 differences difference NNS 33914 74 4 noted note VBN 33914 74 5 among among IN 33914 74 6 the the DT 33914 74 7 species specie NNS 33914 74 8 studied study VBN 33914 74 9 . . . 33914 75 1 _ _ NNP 33914 75 2 + + DT 33914 75 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 75 4 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NN 33914 75 5 anticus+ anticus+ RB 33914 75 6 _ _ NNP 33914 75 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 75 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 75 9 . . . 33914 76 1 3).--Covered 3).--covere VBN 33914 76 2 laterally laterally RB 33914 76 3 by by IN 33914 76 4 the the DT 33914 76 5 _ _ NNP 33914 76 6 m. m. NN 33914 77 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 77 2 posticus posticus NNP 33914 77 3 _ _ NNP 33914 77 4 , , , 33914 77 5 this this DT 33914 77 6 slender slender NN 33914 77 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 77 8 has have VBZ 33914 77 9 a a DT 33914 77 10 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 77 11 origin origin NN 33914 77 12 from from IN 33914 77 13 the the DT 33914 77 14 anteroventral anteroventral JJ 33914 77 15 edge edge NN 33914 77 16 of of IN 33914 77 17 the the DT 33914 77 18 ilium ilium NN 33914 77 19 between between IN 33914 77 20 the the DT 33914 77 21 origins origin NNS 33914 77 22 of of IN 33914 77 23 the the DT 33914 77 24 _ _ NNP 33914 77 25 m. m. NN 33914 78 1 sartorius sartorius NNP 33914 78 2 _ _ NNP 33914 78 3 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 78 4 and and CC 33914 78 5 the the DT 33914 78 6 _ _ NNP 33914 78 7 m. m. NN 33914 79 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 79 2 medius medius NNP 33914 79 3 _ _ NNP 33914 79 4 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 79 5 . . . 33914 80 1 The the DT 33914 80 2 _ _ NNP 33914 80 3 m. m. NN 33914 81 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 81 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 81 3 _ _ NNP 33914 81 4 is be VBZ 33914 81 5 directed direct VBN 33914 81 6 caudoventrally caudoventrally RB 33914 81 7 and and CC 33914 81 8 inserts insert NNS 33914 81 9 by by IN 33914 81 10 a a DT 33914 81 11 broad broad JJ 33914 81 12 , , , 33914 81 13 flat flat JJ 33914 81 14 tendon tendon NN 33914 81 15 on on IN 33914 81 16 the the DT 33914 81 17 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 81 18 surface surface NN 33914 81 19 of of IN 33914 81 20 the the DT 33914 81 21 femur femur NN 33914 81 22 between between IN 33914 81 23 the the DT 33914 81 24 heads head NNS 33914 81 25 of of IN 33914 81 26 the the DT 33914 81 27 _ _ NNP 33914 81 28 m. m. NN 33914 82 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 82 2 externus externus NN 33914 82 3 _ _ NNP 33914 82 4 and and CC 33914 82 5 _ _ NNP 33914 82 6 m. m. NN 33914 83 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 83 2 medius medius NNP 33914 83 3 _ _ NNP 33914 83 4 and and CC 33914 83 5 just just RB 33914 83 6 distal distal JJ 33914 83 7 to to IN 33914 83 8 the the DT 33914 83 9 insertion insertion NN 33914 83 10 of of IN 33914 83 11 the the DT 33914 83 12 _ _ NNP 33914 83 13 m. m. NN 33914 84 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 84 2 medius medius NNP 33914 84 3 _ _ NNP 33914 84 4 . . . 33914 85 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 85 2 femur femur NN 33914 85 3 forward forward RB 33914 85 4 and and CC 33914 85 5 rotates rotate VBZ 33914 85 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 85 7 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 85 8 . . . 33914 86 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 86 2 significant significant JJ 33914 86 3 differences difference NNS 33914 86 4 noted note VBN 33914 86 5 among among IN 33914 86 6 the the DT 33914 86 7 species specie NNS 33914 86 8 studied study VBN 33914 86 9 . . . 33914 87 1 _ _ NNP 33914 87 2 + + DT 33914 87 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 87 4 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NN 33914 87 5 medius+ medius+ NNP 33914 87 6 _ _ NNP 33914 87 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 87 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 87 9 . . . 33914 88 1 3).--Smallest 3).--Smallest NNP 33914 88 2 of of IN 33914 88 3 the the DT 33914 88 4 three three CD 33914 88 5 _ _ NNP 33914 88 6 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NN 33914 88 7 _ _ NNP 33914 88 8 muscles muscle NNS 33914 88 9 , , , 33914 88 10 this this DT 33914 88 11 bandlike bandlike NNP 33914 88 12 muscle muscle NN 33914 88 13 has have VBZ 33914 88 14 a a DT 33914 88 15 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 88 16 origin origin NN 33914 88 17 from from IN 33914 88 18 the the DT 33914 88 19 ventral ventral JJ 33914 88 20 edge edge NN 33914 88 21 of of IN 33914 88 22 the the DT 33914 88 23 ilium ilium NN 33914 88 24 just just RB 33914 88 25 posterior posterior RB 33914 88 26 to to IN 33914 88 27 the the DT 33914 88 28 origin origin NN 33914 88 29 of of IN 33914 88 30 the the DT 33914 88 31 _ _ NNP 33914 88 32 m. m. NN 33914 89 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 89 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 89 3 _ _ NNP 33914 89 4 . . . 33914 90 1 The the DT 33914 90 2 fibers fiber NNS 33914 90 3 are be VBP 33914 90 4 directed direct VBN 33914 90 5 caudoventrally caudoventrally RB 33914 90 6 , , , 33914 90 7 and and CC 33914 90 8 the the DT 33914 90 9 insertion insertion NN 33914 90 10 is be VBZ 33914 90 11 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 90 12 on on IN 33914 90 13 the the DT 33914 90 14 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 90 15 surface surface NN 33914 90 16 of of IN 33914 90 17 the the DT 33914 90 18 femur femur NN 33914 90 19 between between IN 33914 90 20 the the DT 33914 90 21 insertion insertion NN 33914 90 22 of of IN 33914 90 23 the the DT 33914 90 24 other other JJ 33914 90 25 two two CD 33914 90 26 _ _ NNP 33914 90 27 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NN 33914 90 28 _ _ NNP 33914 90 29 muscles muscle NNS 33914 90 30 . . . 33914 91 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 91 2 femur femur NN 33914 91 3 forward forward RB 33914 91 4 and and CC 33914 91 5 rotates rotate VBZ 33914 91 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 91 7 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 91 8 . . . 33914 92 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 92 2 significant significant JJ 33914 92 3 differences difference NNS 33914 92 4 noted note VBN 33914 92 5 among among IN 33914 92 6 the the DT 33914 92 7 species specie NNS 33914 92 8 studied study VBN 33914 92 9 . . . 33914 93 1 _ _ NNP 33914 93 2 + + NNP 33914 93 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 93 4 iliacus+ iliacus+ NN 33914 93 5 _ _ NNP 33914 93 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 93 7 Figs Figs NNP 33914 93 8 . . . 33914 94 1 4 4 LS 33914 94 2 , , , 33914 94 3 5).--Arising 5).--arise VBG 33914 94 4 from from IN 33914 94 5 a a DT 33914 94 6 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 94 7 origin origin NN 33914 94 8 on on IN 33914 94 9 the the DT 33914 94 10 ventral ventral JJ 33914 94 11 edge edge NN 33914 94 12 of of IN 33914 94 13 the the DT 33914 94 14 ilium ilium NN 33914 94 15 just just RB 33914 94 16 posterior posterior RB 33914 94 17 to to IN 33914 94 18 the the DT 33914 94 19 origin origin NN 33914 94 20 of of IN 33914 94 21 the the DT 33914 94 22 _ _ NNP 33914 94 23 m. m. NN 33914 95 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 95 2 medius medius NNP 33914 95 3 _ _ NNP 33914 95 4 , , , 33914 95 5 this this DT 33914 95 6 small small JJ 33914 95 7 slender slender NN 33914 95 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 95 9 passes pass VBZ 33914 95 10 posteroventrally posteroventrally RB 33914 95 11 to to IN 33914 95 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 95 13 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 95 14 insertion insertion NN 33914 95 15 on on IN 33914 95 16 the the DT 33914 95 17 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 95 18 surface surface NN 33914 95 19 of of IN 33914 95 20 the the DT 33914 95 21 femur femur NN 33914 95 22 just just RB 33914 95 23 proximal proximal JJ 33914 95 24 to to IN 33914 95 25 the the DT 33914 95 26 origin origin NN 33914 95 27 of of IN 33914 95 28 the the DT 33914 95 29 _ _ NNP 33914 95 30 m. m. NN 33914 96 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 96 2 internus internus NNP 33914 96 3 _ _ NNP 33914 96 4 . . . 33914 97 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 97 2 femur femur NN 33914 97 3 forward forward RB 33914 97 4 and and CC 33914 97 5 rotates rotate VBZ 33914 97 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 97 7 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 97 8 . . . 33914 98 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 98 2 significant significant JJ 33914 98 3 differences difference NNS 33914 98 4 among among IN 33914 98 5 the the DT 33914 98 6 species specie NNS 33914 98 7 studied study VBD 33914 98 8 . . . 33914 99 1 _ _ NNP 33914 99 2 + + CC 33914 99 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 99 4 sartorius+ sartorius+ NN 33914 99 5 _ _ NNP 33914 99 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 99 7 Figs Figs NNP 33914 99 8 . . . 33914 100 1 1 1 CD 33914 100 2 , , , 33914 100 3 4).--A 4).--a CD 33914 100 4 long long JJ 33914 100 5 , , , 33914 100 6 straplike straplike JJ 33914 100 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 100 8 , , , 33914 100 9 the the DT 33914 100 10 _ _ NNP 33914 100 11 sartorius sartorius NN 33914 100 12 _ _ NNP 33914 100 13 forms form VBZ 33914 100 14 the the DT 33914 100 15 anterior anterior JJ 33914 100 16 edge edge NN 33914 100 17 of of IN 33914 100 18 the the DT 33914 100 19 thigh thigh NN 33914 100 20 . . . 33914 101 1 The the DT 33914 101 2 origin origin NN 33914 101 3 is be VBZ 33914 101 4 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 101 5 , , , 33914 101 6 half half NN 33914 101 7 from from IN 33914 101 8 the the DT 33914 101 9 anterior anterior JJ 33914 101 10 edge edge NN 33914 101 11 of of IN 33914 101 12 the the DT 33914 101 13 ilium ilium NN 33914 101 14 and and CC 33914 101 15 from from IN 33914 101 16 the the DT 33914 101 17 median median JJ 33914 101 18 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 101 19 ridge ridge NN 33914 101 20 of of IN 33914 101 21 this this DT 33914 101 22 bone bone NN 33914 101 23 and and CC 33914 101 24 half half NN 33914 101 25 from from IN 33914 101 26 the the DT 33914 101 27 posterior posterior NN 33914 101 28 one one CD 33914 101 29 or or CC 33914 101 30 two two CD 33914 101 31 free free JJ 33914 101 32 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 101 33 vertebrae vertebra NNS 33914 101 34 . . . 33914 102 1 The the DT 33914 102 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 102 3 is be VBZ 33914 102 4 fleshy fleshy RB 33914 102 5 along along IN 33914 102 6 a a DT 33914 102 7 narrow narrow JJ 33914 102 8 line line NN 33914 102 9 on on IN 33914 102 10 the the DT 33914 102 11 anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 102 12 edge edge NN 33914 102 13 of of IN 33914 102 14 the the DT 33914 102 15 head head NN 33914 102 16 of of IN 33914 102 17 the the DT 33914 102 18 tibia tibia NNP 33914 102 19 and and CC 33914 102 20 on on IN 33914 102 21 the the DT 33914 102 22 medial medial JJ 33914 102 23 region region NN 33914 102 24 of of IN 33914 102 25 the the DT 33914 102 26 patellar patellar JJ 33914 102 27 tendon tendon NNP 33914 102 28 . . . 33914 103 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 103 2 thigh thigh NN 33914 103 3 forward forward RB 33914 103 4 and and CC 33914 103 5 upward upward RB 33914 103 6 and and CC 33914 103 7 extends extend VBZ 33914 103 8 shank shank JJ 33914 103 9 . . . 33914 104 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 104 2 _ _ NNP 33914 104 3 Loxia Loxia NNP 33914 104 4 _ _ NNP 33914 104 5 and and CC 33914 104 6 _ _ NNP 33914 104 7 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 104 8 _ _ NNP 33914 104 9 , , , 33914 104 10 only only RB 33914 104 11 one one CD 33914 104 12 - - HYPH 33914 104 13 third third NN 33914 104 14 of of IN 33914 104 15 the the DT 33914 104 16 origin origin NN 33914 104 17 is be VBZ 33914 104 18 from from IN 33914 104 19 the the DT 33914 104 20 last last JJ 33914 104 21 free free JJ 33914 104 22 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 104 23 vertebra vertebra NNS 33914 104 24 . . . 33914 105 1 In in IN 33914 105 2 _ _ NNP 33914 105 3 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 105 4 _ _ NNP 33914 105 5 , , , 33914 105 6 _ _ NNP 33914 105 7 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 105 8 _ _ NNP 33914 105 9 , , , 33914 105 10 _ _ NNP 33914 105 11 Pinicola Pinicola NNP 33914 105 12 _ _ NNP 33914 105 13 , , , 33914 105 14 and and CC 33914 105 15 _ _ NNP 33914 105 16 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 105 17 _ _ NNP 33914 105 18 , , , 33914 105 19 only only RB 33914 105 20 one one CD 33914 105 21 - - HYPH 33914 105 22 fifth fifth NN 33914 105 23 of of IN 33914 105 24 the the DT 33914 105 25 origin origin NN 33914 105 26 is be VBZ 33914 105 27 from from IN 33914 105 28 this this DT 33914 105 29 vertebra vertebra NN 33914 105 30 . . . 33914 106 1 _ _ NNP 33914 106 2 + + NNP 33914 106 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 106 4 iliotibialis+ iliotibialis+ NN 33914 106 5 _ _ NNP 33914 106 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 106 7 Fig fig NN 33914 106 8 . . . 33914 107 1 1).--Broad 1).--broad CD 33914 107 2 and and CC 33914 107 3 triangular triangular JJ 33914 107 4 , , , 33914 107 5 this this DT 33914 107 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 107 7 covers cover VBZ 33914 107 8 most most JJS 33914 107 9 of of IN 33914 107 10 the the DT 33914 107 11 deeper deep JJR 33914 107 12 muscles muscle NNS 33914 107 13 of of IN 33914 107 14 the the DT 33914 107 15 lateral lateral JJ 33914 107 16 aspect aspect NN 33914 107 17 of of IN 33914 107 18 the the DT 33914 107 19 thigh thigh NN 33914 107 20 . . . 33914 108 1 The the DT 33914 108 2 middle middle JJ 33914 108 3 region region NN 33914 108 4 is be VBZ 33914 108 5 fused fuse VBN 33914 108 6 with with IN 33914 108 7 the the DT 33914 108 8 underlying underlying JJ 33914 108 9 _ _ NNP 33914 108 10 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 108 11 _ _ NNP 33914 108 12 muscles muscle NNS 33914 108 13 . . . 33914 109 1 In in IN 33914 109 2 the the DT 33914 109 3 distal distal JJ 33914 109 4 half half NN 33914 109 5 of of IN 33914 109 6 this this DT 33914 109 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 109 8 there there EX 33914 109 9 are be VBP 33914 109 10 three three CD 33914 109 11 distinct distinct JJ 33914 109 12 parts part NNS 33914 109 13 ; ; : 33914 109 14 the the DT 33914 109 15 anterior anterior NN 33914 109 16 and and CC 33914 109 17 posterior posterior NNP 33914 109 18 edges edge NNS 33914 109 19 are be VBP 33914 109 20 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 109 21 and and CC 33914 109 22 the the DT 33914 109 23 central central JJ 33914 109 24 part part NN 33914 109 25 is be VBZ 33914 109 26 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 109 27 . . . 33914 110 1 The the DT 33914 110 2 origin origin NN 33914 110 3 is be VBZ 33914 110 4 from from IN 33914 110 5 a a DT 33914 110 6 narrow narrow JJ 33914 110 7 line line NN 33914 110 8 along along IN 33914 110 9 the the DT 33914 110 10 iliac iliac NNP 33914 110 11 crests crest NNS 33914 110 12 -- -- : 33914 110 13 from from IN 33914 110 14 the the DT 33914 110 15 origin origin NN 33914 110 16 of of IN 33914 110 17 the the DT 33914 110 18 _ _ NNP 33914 110 19 m. m. NN 33914 111 1 sartorius sartorius NNP 33914 111 2 _ _ NNP 33914 111 3 , , , 33914 111 4 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 111 5 , , , 33914 111 6 to to IN 33914 111 7 the the DT 33914 111 8 origin origin NN 33914 111 9 of of IN 33914 111 10 the the DT 33914 111 11 _ _ NNP 33914 111 12 m. m. NN 33914 112 1 semitendinosus semitendinosus NNP 33914 112 2 _ _ NNP 33914 112 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 112 4 . . . 33914 113 1 The the DT 33914 113 2 origin origin NN 33914 113 3 is be VBZ 33914 113 4 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 113 5 in in IN 33914 113 6 the the DT 33914 113 7 preacetabular preacetabular JJ 33914 113 8 region region NN 33914 113 9 but but CC 33914 113 10 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 113 11 in in IN 33914 113 12 the the DT 33914 113 13 postacetabular postacetabular JJ 33914 113 14 region region NN 33914 113 15 . . . 33914 114 1 The the DT 33914 114 2 distal distal JJ 33914 114 3 part part NN 33914 114 4 of of IN 33914 114 5 the the DT 33914 114 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 114 7 is be VBZ 33914 114 8 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 114 9 and and CC 33914 114 10 joins join NNS 33914 114 11 with with IN 33914 114 12 the the DT 33914 114 13 _ _ NNP 33914 114 14 femorotibialis femorotibialis NN 33914 114 15 _ _ NNP 33914 114 16 muscles muscle NNS 33914 114 17 in in IN 33914 114 18 the the DT 33914 114 19 formation formation NN 33914 114 20 of of IN 33914 114 21 the the DT 33914 114 22 patellar patellar JJ 33914 114 23 tendon tendon NNP 33914 114 24 . . . 33914 115 1 This this DT 33914 115 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 115 3 incloses inclose VBZ 33914 115 4 the the DT 33914 115 5 patella patella NN 33914 115 6 and and CC 33914 115 7 inserts insert VBZ 33914 115 8 on on IN 33914 115 9 a a DT 33914 115 10 line line NN 33914 115 11 along along IN 33914 115 12 the the DT 33914 115 13 proximal proximal JJ 33914 115 14 edges edge NNS 33914 115 15 of of IN 33914 115 16 the the DT 33914 115 17 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 115 18 crests crest NNS 33914 115 19 of of IN 33914 115 20 the the DT 33914 115 21 tibiotarsus tibiotarsus NN 33914 115 22 . . . 33914 116 1 Action.--Extends Action.--Extends NNP 33914 116 2 crus crus NNP 33914 116 3 . . . 33914 117 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 117 2 _ _ NNP 33914 117 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 117 4 _ _ NNP 33914 117 5 the the DT 33914 117 6 central central JJ 33914 117 7 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 117 8 portion portion NN 33914 117 9 of of IN 33914 117 10 this this DT 33914 117 11 muscle muscle NN 33914 117 12 is be VBZ 33914 117 13 absent absent JJ 33914 117 14 . . . 33914 118 1 _ _ NNP 33914 118 2 + + NNP 33914 118 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 118 4 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 118 5 externus+ externus+ NN 33914 118 6 _ _ NN 33914 118 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 118 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 118 9 . . . 33914 119 1 2).--Covering 2).--covering CD 33914 119 2 the the DT 33914 119 3 lateral lateral JJ 33914 119 4 and and CC 33914 119 5 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 119 6 surfaces surface NNS 33914 119 7 of of IN 33914 119 8 the the DT 33914 119 9 femur femur NN 33914 119 10 , , , 33914 119 11 this this DT 33914 119 12 large large JJ 33914 119 13 muscle muscle NN 33914 119 14 has have VBZ 33914 119 15 a a DT 33914 119 16 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 119 17 origin origin NN 33914 119 18 from from IN 33914 119 19 the the DT 33914 119 20 lateral lateral JJ 33914 119 21 edge edge NN 33914 119 22 of of IN 33914 119 23 the the DT 33914 119 24 proximal proximal JJ 33914 119 25 three three CD 33914 119 26 - - HYPH 33914 119 27 fourths fourth NNS 33914 119 28 of of IN 33914 119 29 the the DT 33914 119 30 femur femur NN 33914 119 31 . . . 33914 120 1 The the DT 33914 120 2 origin origin NN 33914 120 3 separates separate VBZ 33914 120 4 the the DT 33914 120 5 insertion insertion NN 33914 120 6 of of IN 33914 120 7 the the DT 33914 120 8 _ _ NNP 33914 120 9 m. m. NN 33914 121 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 121 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 121 3 _ _ NNP 33914 121 4 from from IN 33914 121 5 that that DT 33914 121 6 of of IN 33914 121 7 the the DT 33914 121 8 _ _ NNP 33914 121 9 m. m. NN 33914 122 1 ischiofemoralis ischiofemoralis NNP 33914 122 2 _ _ NNP 33914 122 3 and and CC 33914 122 4 , , , 33914 122 5 in in IN 33914 122 6 turn turn NN 33914 122 7 , , , 33914 122 8 is be VBZ 33914 122 9 separated separate VBN 33914 122 10 from from IN 33914 122 11 the the DT 33914 122 12 origin origin NN 33914 122 13 of of IN 33914 122 14 the the DT 33914 122 15 _ _ NNP 33914 122 16 m. m. NN 33914 123 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 123 2 medius medius NNP 33914 123 3 _ _ NNP 33914 123 4 by by IN 33914 123 5 the the DT 33914 123 6 insertions insertion NNS 33914 123 7 of of IN 33914 123 8 the the DT 33914 123 9 _ _ NNP 33914 123 10 m. m. NN 33914 124 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 124 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 124 3 _ _ NNP 33914 124 4 and and CC 33914 124 5 _ _ NNP 33914 124 6 m. m. NN 33914 125 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 125 2 medius medius NNP 33914 125 3 _ _ NNP 33914 125 4 . . . 33914 126 1 Approximately approximately RB 33914 126 2 midway midway RB 33914 126 3 of of IN 33914 126 4 the the DT 33914 126 5 length length NN 33914 126 6 of of IN 33914 126 7 the the DT 33914 126 8 femur femur NN 33914 126 9 this this DT 33914 126 10 muscle muscle NN 33914 126 11 fuses fuse VBZ 33914 126 12 anteromesially anteromesially RB 33914 126 13 with with IN 33914 126 14 the the DT 33914 126 15 _ _ NNP 33914 126 16 m. m. NN 33914 127 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 127 2 medius medius NNP 33914 127 3 _ _ NNP 33914 127 4 . . . 33914 128 1 Distally distally RB 33914 128 2 , , , 33914 128 3 the the DT 33914 128 4 _ _ NNP 33914 128 5 m. m. NN 33914 129 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 129 2 externus externus NN 33914 129 3 _ _ NNP 33914 129 4 contributes contribute VBZ 33914 129 5 to to IN 33914 129 6 the the DT 33914 129 7 formation formation NN 33914 129 8 of of IN 33914 129 9 the the DT 33914 129 10 patellar patellar JJ 33914 129 11 tendon tendon NNP 33914 129 12 which which WDT 33914 129 13 inserts insert VBZ 33914 129 14 on on IN 33914 129 15 a a DT 33914 129 16 line line NN 33914 129 17 along along IN 33914 129 18 the the DT 33914 129 19 proximal proximal JJ 33914 129 20 edges edge NNS 33914 129 21 of of IN 33914 129 22 the the DT 33914 129 23 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 129 24 crests crest NNS 33914 129 25 of of IN 33914 129 26 the the DT 33914 129 27 tibiotarsus tibiotarsus NN 33914 129 28 . . . 33914 130 1 Action.--Extends Action.--Extends NNP 33914 130 2 crus crus NNP 33914 130 3 . . . 33914 131 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 131 2 significant significant JJ 33914 131 3 differences difference NNS 33914 131 4 noted note VBN 33914 131 5 among among IN 33914 131 6 the the DT 33914 131 7 species specie NNS 33914 131 8 studied study VBN 33914 131 9 . . . 33914 132 1 _ _ NNP 33914 132 2 + + NNP 33914 132 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 132 4 femorotibialis femorotibialis JJ 33914 132 5 medius+ medius+ NN 33914 132 6 _ _ NNP 33914 132 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 132 8 Figs Figs NNP 33914 132 9 . . . 33914 133 1 2 2 LS 33914 133 2 , , , 33914 133 3 4).--The 4).--The NNP 33914 133 4 origin origin NN 33914 133 5 of of IN 33914 133 6 this this DT 33914 133 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 133 8 , , , 33914 133 9 which which WDT 33914 133 10 lies lie VBZ 33914 133 11 along along IN 33914 133 12 the the DT 33914 133 13 anterior anterior JJ 33914 133 14 edge edge NN 33914 133 15 of of IN 33914 133 16 the the DT 33914 133 17 femur femur NN 33914 133 18 , , , 33914 133 19 is be VBZ 33914 133 20 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 133 21 from from IN 33914 133 22 the the DT 33914 133 23 entire entire JJ 33914 133 24 length length NN 33914 133 25 of of IN 33914 133 26 the the DT 33914 133 27 femur femur NN 33914 133 28 proximal proximal JJ 33914 133 29 to to IN 33914 133 30 the the DT 33914 133 31 level level NN 33914 133 32 of of IN 33914 133 33 attachment attachment NN 33914 133 34 of of IN 33914 133 35 the the DT 33914 133 36 proximal proximal JJ 33914 133 37 arm arm NN 33914 133 38 of of IN 33914 133 39 the the DT 33914 133 40 biceps biceps NNP 33914 133 41 loop loop NN 33914 133 42 . . . 33914 134 1 Laterally laterally RB 33914 134 2 this this DT 33914 134 3 muscle muscle NN 33914 134 4 is be VBZ 33914 134 5 completely completely RB 33914 134 6 fused fuse VBN 33914 134 7 for for IN 33914 134 8 most most JJS 33914 134 9 of of IN 33914 134 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 134 11 length length NN 33914 134 12 with with IN 33914 134 13 the the DT 33914 134 14 _ _ NNP 33914 134 15 m. m. NN 33914 135 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 135 2 externus externus NN 33914 135 3 _ _ NNP 33914 135 4 and and CC 33914 135 5 contributes contribute VBZ 33914 135 6 to to IN 33914 135 7 the the DT 33914 135 8 formation formation NN 33914 135 9 of of IN 33914 135 10 the the DT 33914 135 11 patellar patellar JJ 33914 135 12 tendon tendon NNP 33914 135 13 , , , 33914 135 14 which which WDT 33914 135 15 inserts insert VBZ 33914 135 16 on on IN 33914 135 17 a a DT 33914 135 18 line line NN 33914 135 19 along along IN 33914 135 20 the the DT 33914 135 21 proximal proximal JJ 33914 135 22 edges edge NNS 33914 135 23 of of IN 33914 135 24 the the DT 33914 135 25 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 135 26 crests crest NNS 33914 135 27 of of IN 33914 135 28 the the DT 33914 135 29 tibiotarsus tibiotarsus NN 33914 135 30 . . . 33914 136 1 Many many JJ 33914 136 2 of of IN 33914 136 3 the the DT 33914 136 4 fibers fiber NNS 33914 136 5 , , , 33914 136 6 nevertheless nevertheless RB 33914 136 7 , , , 33914 136 8 insert insert VB 33914 136 9 on on IN 33914 136 10 the the DT 33914 136 11 proximal proximal JJ 33914 136 12 edge edge NN 33914 136 13 of of IN 33914 136 14 the the DT 33914 136 15 patella patella NN 33914 136 16 . . . 33914 137 1 Action.--Extends Action.--Extends NNP 33914 137 2 crus crus NNP 33914 137 3 . . . 33914 138 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 138 2 significant significant JJ 33914 138 3 differences difference NNS 33914 138 4 noted note VBN 33914 138 5 among among IN 33914 138 6 the the DT 33914 138 7 species specie NNS 33914 138 8 studied study VBN 33914 138 9 . . . 33914 139 1 _ _ NNP 33914 139 2 + + NNP 33914 139 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 139 4 femorotibialis femorotibialis JJ 33914 139 5 internus+ internus+ NNP 33914 139 6 _ _ NNP 33914 139 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 139 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 139 9 . . . 33914 140 1 4).--One 4).--one NN 33914 140 2 of of IN 33914 140 3 the the DT 33914 140 4 most most RBS 33914 140 5 superficial superficial JJ 33914 140 6 muscles muscle NNS 33914 140 7 lying lie VBG 33914 140 8 on on IN 33914 140 9 the the DT 33914 140 10 medial medial JJ 33914 140 11 surface surface NN 33914 140 12 of of IN 33914 140 13 the the DT 33914 140 14 thigh thigh NN 33914 140 15 , , , 33914 140 16 this this DT 33914 140 17 muscle muscle NN 33914 140 18 is be VBZ 33914 140 19 divided divided JJ 33914 140 20 , , , 33914 140 21 especially especially RB 33914 140 22 near near IN 33914 140 23 the the DT 33914 140 24 distal distal JJ 33914 140 25 end end NN 33914 140 26 , , , 33914 140 27 into into IN 33914 140 28 two two CD 33914 140 29 parts part NNS 33914 140 30 , , , 33914 140 31 lateral lateral JJ 33914 140 32 and and CC 33914 140 33 medial medial JJ 33914 140 34 . . . 33914 141 1 The the DT 33914 141 2 origin origin NN 33914 141 3 of of IN 33914 141 4 the the DT 33914 141 5 lateral lateral JJ 33914 141 6 part part NN 33914 141 7 is be VBZ 33914 141 8 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 141 9 from from IN 33914 141 10 a a DT 33914 141 11 line line NN 33914 141 12 on on IN 33914 141 13 the the DT 33914 141 14 medial medial JJ 33914 141 15 surface surface NN 33914 141 16 of of IN 33914 141 17 the the DT 33914 141 18 femur femur NN 33914 141 19 ; ; : 33914 141 20 the the DT 33914 141 21 origin origin NN 33914 141 22 begins begin VBZ 33914 141 23 proximally proximally RB 33914 141 24 at at IN 33914 141 25 a a DT 33914 141 26 point point NN 33914 141 27 near near IN 33914 141 28 the the DT 33914 141 29 insertion insertion NN 33914 141 30 of of IN 33914 141 31 the the DT 33914 141 32 _ _ NNP 33914 141 33 m. m. NN 33914 142 1 iliacus iliacus NNP 33914 142 2 _ _ NNP 33914 142 3 . . . 33914 143 1 The the DT 33914 143 2 medial medial JJ 33914 143 3 , , , 33914 143 4 bulkier bulkier NN 33914 143 5 part part NN 33914 143 6 of of IN 33914 143 7 the the DT 33914 143 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 143 9 has have VBZ 33914 143 10 a a DT 33914 143 11 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 143 12 origin origin NN 33914 143 13 on on IN 33914 143 14 the the DT 33914 143 15 medial medial JJ 33914 143 16 surface surface NN 33914 143 17 of of IN 33914 143 18 the the DT 33914 143 19 lower low JJR 33914 143 20 one one CD 33914 143 21 - - HYPH 33914 143 22 third third NN 33914 143 23 of of IN 33914 143 24 the the DT 33914 143 25 femur femur NN 33914 143 26 . . . 33914 144 1 The the DT 33914 144 2 two two CD 33914 144 3 parts part NNS 33914 144 4 fuse fuse VBP 33914 144 5 to to IN 33914 144 6 some some DT 33914 144 7 extent extent NN 33914 144 8 above above IN 33914 144 9 the the DT 33914 144 10 points point NNS 33914 144 11 of of IN 33914 144 12 insertion insertion NN 33914 144 13 and and CC 33914 144 14 insert insert VB 33914 144 15 on on IN 33914 144 16 the the DT 33914 144 17 medial medial JJ 33914 144 18 edge edge NN 33914 144 19 of of IN 33914 144 20 the the DT 33914 144 21 head head NN 33914 144 22 of of IN 33914 144 23 the the DT 33914 144 24 tibia tibia NNP 33914 144 25 . . . 33914 145 1 Action.--Rotates Action.--Rotates NFP 33914 145 2 tibia tibia NNP 33914 145 3 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 145 4 . . . 33914 146 1 Comparison.--Two comparison.--two NN 33914 146 2 parts part NNS 33914 146 3 of of IN 33914 146 4 this this DT 33914 146 5 muscle muscle NN 33914 146 6 variously variously RB 33914 146 7 fused fuse VBN 33914 146 8 ; ; : 33914 146 9 otherwise otherwise RB 33914 146 10 , , , 33914 146 11 no no DT 33914 146 12 significant significant JJ 33914 146 13 differences difference NNS 33914 146 14 in in IN 33914 146 15 the the DT 33914 146 16 species specie NNS 33914 146 17 studied study VBD 33914 146 18 . . . 33914 147 1 _ _ NNP 33914 147 2 + + NNP 33914 147 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 147 4 piriformis+ piriformis+ NNP 33914 147 5 _ _ NNP 33914 147 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 147 7 Fig Fig NNP 33914 147 8 . . . 33914 148 1 3).--This 3).--this DT 33914 148 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 148 3 is be VBZ 33914 148 4 represented represent VBN 33914 148 5 by by IN 33914 148 6 the the DT 33914 148 7 _ _ NNP 33914 148 8 pars par NNS 33914 148 9 caudifemoralis caudifemoralis NNP 33914 148 10 _ _ NNP 33914 148 11 only only RB 33914 148 12 , , , 33914 148 13 the the DT 33914 148 14 _ _ NNP 33914 148 15 pars par NNS 33914 148 16 iliofemoralis iliofemoralis NNP 33914 148 17 _ _ NNP 33914 148 18 being be VBG 33914 148 19 absent absent JJ 33914 148 20 in in IN 33914 148 21 passerine passerine JJ 33914 148 22 birds bird NNS 33914 148 23 as as RB 33914 148 24 far far RB 33914 148 25 as as IN 33914 148 26 is be VBZ 33914 148 27 known know VBN 33914 148 28 . . . 33914 149 1 The the DT 33914 149 2 _ _ NNP 33914 149 3 pars par NNS 33914 149 4 caudifemoralis caudifemoralis NNP 33914 149 5 _ _ NNP 33914 149 6 is be VBZ 33914 149 7 flat flat JJ 33914 149 8 , , , 33914 149 9 somewhat somewhat RB 33914 149 10 spindle spindle JJ 33914 149 11 - - HYPH 33914 149 12 shaped shaped JJ 33914 149 13 , , , 33914 149 14 and and CC 33914 149 15 passes pass VBZ 33914 149 16 anteroventrally anteroventrally RB 33914 149 17 from from IN 33914 149 18 the the DT 33914 149 19 pygostyle pygostyle NN 33914 149 20 to to IN 33914 149 21 the the DT 33914 149 22 femur femur NN 33914 149 23 . . . 33914 150 1 The the DT 33914 150 2 origin origin NN 33914 150 3 is be VBZ 33914 150 4 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 150 5 from from IN 33914 150 6 the the DT 33914 150 7 anteroventral anteroventral JJ 33914 150 8 edge edge NN 33914 150 9 of of IN 33914 150 10 the the DT 33914 150 11 pygostyle pygostyle NN 33914 150 12 , , , 33914 150 13 and and CC 33914 150 14 the the DT 33914 150 15 insertion insertion NN 33914 150 16 is be VBZ 33914 150 17 semitendinous semitendinous JJ 33914 150 18 on on IN 33914 150 19 the the DT 33914 150 20 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 150 21 surface surface NN 33914 150 22 of of IN 33914 150 23 the the DT 33914 150 24 shaft shaft NN 33914 150 25 of of IN 33914 150 26 the the DT 33914 150 27 femur femur NN 33914 150 28 about about IN 33914 150 29 one one CD 33914 150 30 - - HYPH 33914 150 31 fourth fourth NN 33914 150 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 150 33 length length NN 33914 150 34 from from IN 33914 150 35 the the DT 33914 150 36 proximal proximal JJ 33914 150 37 end end NN 33914 150 38 . . . 33914 151 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 151 2 femur femur NN 33914 151 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 151 4 and and CC 33914 151 5 rotates rotate VBZ 33914 151 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 151 7 in in IN 33914 151 8 this this DT 33914 151 9 direction direction NN 33914 151 10 ; ; : 33914 151 11 moves move NNS 33914 151 12 tail tail VBP 33914 151 13 laterally laterally RB 33914 151 14 and and CC 33914 151 15 depresses depress VBZ 33914 151 16 it -PRON- PRP 33914 151 17 . . . 33914 152 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 152 2 significant significant JJ 33914 152 3 differences difference NNS 33914 152 4 noted note VBN 33914 152 5 among among IN 33914 152 6 the the DT 33914 152 7 species specie NNS 33914 152 8 studied study VBN 33914 152 9 . . . 33914 153 1 _ _ NNP 33914 153 2 + + NNP 33914 153 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 153 4 semitendinosus+ semitendinosus+ NNP 33914 153 5 _ _ NNP 33914 153 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 153 7 Figs Figs NNP 33914 153 8 . . . 33914 154 1 2 2 CD 33914 154 2 , , , 33914 154 3 3 3 CD 33914 154 4 , , , 33914 154 5 5).--The 5).--The NNP 33914 154 6 origin origin NN 33914 154 7 from from IN 33914 154 8 the the DT 33914 154 9 extreme extreme JJ 33914 154 10 posterior posterior JJ 33914 154 11 edge edge NN 33914 154 12 of of IN 33914 154 13 the the DT 33914 154 14 posterior posterior NNP 33914 154 15 iliac iliac NNP 33914 154 16 crest crest NNP 33914 154 17 of of IN 33914 154 18 the the DT 33914 154 19 ilium ilium NNP 33914 154 20 is be VBZ 33914 154 21 fleshy fleshy NNP 33914 154 22 and and CC 33914 154 23 is be VBZ 33914 154 24 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 154 25 from from IN 33914 154 26 the the DT 33914 154 27 last last JJ 33914 154 28 vertebra vertebra NN 33914 154 29 of of IN 33914 154 30 the the DT 33914 154 31 synsacrum synsacrum NN 33914 154 32 and and CC 33914 154 33 the the DT 33914 154 34 transverse transverse JJ 33914 154 35 processes process NNS 33914 154 36 of of IN 33914 154 37 several several JJ 33914 154 38 caudal caudal JJ 33914 154 39 vertebrae vertebra NNS 33914 154 40 . . . 33914 155 1 The the DT 33914 155 2 straplike straplike JJ 33914 155 3 belly belly NN 33914 155 4 passes pass VBZ 33914 155 5 along along IN 33914 155 6 the the DT 33914 155 7 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 155 8 margin margin NN 33914 155 9 of of IN 33914 155 10 the the DT 33914 155 11 thigh thigh NN 33914 155 12 . . . 33914 156 1 Immediately immediately RB 33914 156 2 posterior posterior RB 33914 156 3 to to IN 33914 156 4 the the DT 33914 156 5 knee knee NN 33914 156 6 , , , 33914 156 7 the the DT 33914 156 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 156 9 is be VBZ 33914 156 10 divided divide VBN 33914 156 11 transversely transversely RB 33914 156 12 by by IN 33914 156 13 a a DT 33914 156 14 ligament ligament NN 33914 156 15 . . . 33914 157 1 That that DT 33914 157 2 portion portion NN 33914 157 3 passing pass VBG 33914 157 4 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 157 5 from from IN 33914 157 6 the the DT 33914 157 7 ligament ligament NN 33914 157 8 is be VBZ 33914 157 9 the the DT 33914 157 10 _ _ NNP 33914 157 11 m. m. NN 33914 158 1 accessorius accessorius NNP 33914 158 2 semitendinosi semitendinosi NNP 33914 158 3 _ _ NNP 33914 158 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 158 5 here here RB 33914 158 6 considered consider VBN 33914 158 7 a a DT 33914 158 8 part part NN 33914 158 9 of of IN 33914 158 10 the the DT 33914 158 11 _ _ NNP 33914 158 12 m. m. NN 33914 159 1 semitendinosus semitendinosus NNP 33914 159 2 _ _ NNP 33914 159 3 ) ) -RRB- 33914 159 4 and and CC 33914 159 5 is be VBZ 33914 159 6 discussed discuss VBN 33914 159 7 below below RB 33914 159 8 . . . 33914 160 1 The the DT 33914 160 2 ligament ligament NN 33914 160 3 continues continue VBZ 33914 160 4 distally distally RB 33914 160 5 in in IN 33914 160 6 two two CD 33914 160 7 parts part NNS 33914 160 8 ; ; : 33914 160 9 one one CD 33914 160 10 part part NN 33914 160 11 inserts insert VBZ 33914 160 12 on on IN 33914 160 13 the the DT 33914 160 14 medial medial JJ 33914 160 15 surface surface NN 33914 160 16 of of IN 33914 160 17 the the DT 33914 160 18 _ _ NNP 33914 160 19 pars par NNS 33914 160 20 media medium NNS 33914 160 21 _ _ NNP 33914 160 22 of of IN 33914 160 23 the the DT 33914 160 24 _ _ NNP 33914 160 25 m. m. NN 33914 161 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 161 2 _ _ NNP 33914 161 3 and and CC 33914 161 4 the the DT 33914 161 5 other other JJ 33914 161 6 part part NN 33914 161 7 fuses fuse VBZ 33914 161 8 with with IN 33914 161 9 the the DT 33914 161 10 tendon tendon NN 33914 161 11 of of IN 33914 161 12 insertion insertion NN 33914 161 13 of of IN 33914 161 14 the the DT 33914 161 15 _ _ NNP 33914 161 16 m. m. NN 33914 162 1 semimembranosus semimembranosus NNP 33914 162 2 _ _ NNP 33914 162 3 . . . 33914 163 1 The the DT 33914 163 2 _ _ NNP 33914 163 3 m. m. NN 33914 164 1 accessorius accessorius NNP 33914 164 2 semitendinosi semitendinosi NNP 33914 164 3 _ _ NNP 33914 164 4 extends extend VBZ 33914 164 5 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 164 6 from from IN 33914 164 7 the the DT 33914 164 8 above above RB 33914 164 9 mentioned mention VBN 33914 164 10 ligament ligament NN 33914 164 11 to to IN 33914 164 12 a a DT 33914 164 13 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 164 14 insertion insertion NN 33914 164 15 on on IN 33914 164 16 the the DT 33914 164 17 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 164 18 surface surface NN 33914 164 19 of of IN 33914 164 20 the the DT 33914 164 21 femur femur NN 33914 164 22 immediately immediately RB 33914 164 23 proximal proximal JJ 33914 164 24 to to IN 33914 164 25 the the DT 33914 164 26 condyles condyle NNS 33914 164 27 . . . 33914 165 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 165 2 femur femur NN 33914 165 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 165 4 , , , 33914 165 5 flexes flex VBZ 33914 165 6 the the DT 33914 165 7 crus crus NN 33914 165 8 and and CC 33914 165 9 aids aids NNP 33914 165 10 in in IN 33914 165 11 extending extend VBG 33914 165 12 the the DT 33914 165 13 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 165 14 . . . 33914 166 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 166 2 significant significant JJ 33914 166 3 differences difference NNS 33914 166 4 noted note VBN 33914 166 5 among among IN 33914 166 6 the the DT 33914 166 7 species specie NNS 33914 166 8 studied study VBN 33914 166 9 . . . 33914 167 1 _ _ NNP 33914 167 2 + + DT 33914 167 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 167 4 semimembranosus+ semimembranosus+ NN 33914 167 5 _ _ NNP 33914 167 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 167 7 Figs Figs NNP 33914 167 8 . . . 33914 168 1 3 3 CD 33914 168 2 , , , 33914 168 3 4 4 CD 33914 168 4 , , , 33914 168 5 5).--This 5).--this CD 33914 168 6 straplike straplike NN 33914 168 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 168 8 passes pass VBZ 33914 168 9 along along IN 33914 168 10 the the DT 33914 168 11 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 168 12 surface surface NN 33914 168 13 of of IN 33914 168 14 the the DT 33914 168 15 thigh thigh NN 33914 168 16 . . . 33914 169 1 The the DT 33914 169 2 origin origin NN 33914 169 3 is be VBZ 33914 169 4 semitendinous semitendinous JJ 33914 169 5 along along IN 33914 169 6 a a DT 33914 169 7 line line NN 33914 169 8 on on IN 33914 169 9 the the DT 33914 169 10 ischium ischium NN 33914 169 11 , , , 33914 169 12 from from IN 33914 169 13 a a DT 33914 169 14 point point NN 33914 169 15 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 169 16 to to IN 33914 169 17 the the DT 33914 169 18 middle middle NN 33914 169 19 of of IN 33914 169 20 the the DT 33914 169 21 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 169 22 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 169 23 to to IN 33914 169 24 the the DT 33914 169 25 posterior posterior JJ 33914 169 26 end end NN 33914 169 27 of of IN 33914 169 28 the the DT 33914 169 29 ischium ischium NN 33914 169 30 , , , 33914 169 31 and and CC 33914 169 32 from from IN 33914 169 33 a a DT 33914 169 34 small small JJ 33914 169 35 area area NN 33914 169 36 of of IN 33914 169 37 the the DT 33914 169 38 abdominal abdominal JJ 33914 169 39 musculature musculature NN 33914 169 40 posterior posterior NN 33914 169 41 to to IN 33914 169 42 the the DT 33914 169 43 ischium ischium NN 33914 169 44 . . . 33914 170 1 The the DT 33914 170 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 170 3 is be VBZ 33914 170 4 by by IN 33914 170 5 means mean NNS 33914 170 6 of of IN 33914 170 7 a a DT 33914 170 8 broad broad JJ 33914 170 9 , , , 33914 170 10 thin thin JJ 33914 170 11 tendon tendon NN 33914 170 12 on on IN 33914 170 13 a a DT 33914 170 14 ridge ridge NN 33914 170 15 on on IN 33914 170 16 the the DT 33914 170 17 medial medial JJ 33914 170 18 surface surface NN 33914 170 19 of of IN 33914 170 20 the the DT 33914 170 21 tibia tibia NN 33914 170 22 immediately immediately RB 33914 170 23 distal distal JJ 33914 170 24 to to IN 33914 170 25 the the DT 33914 170 26 head head NN 33914 170 27 of of IN 33914 170 28 this this DT 33914 170 29 bone bone NN 33914 170 30 . . . 33914 171 1 The the DT 33914 171 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 171 3 of of IN 33914 171 4 insertion insertion NN 33914 171 5 passes pass VBZ 33914 171 6 between between IN 33914 171 7 the the DT 33914 171 8 head head NN 33914 171 9 of of IN 33914 171 10 the the DT 33914 171 11 _ _ NNP 33914 171 12 pars par NNS 33914 171 13 media medium NNS 33914 171 14 _ _ NNP 33914 171 15 and and CC 33914 171 16 _ _ NNP 33914 171 17 pars par NNS 33914 171 18 interna interna NNP 33914 171 19 _ _ NNP 33914 171 20 of of IN 33914 171 21 the the DT 33914 171 22 _ _ NNP 33914 171 23 m. m. NN 33914 172 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 172 2 _ _ NNP 33914 172 3 and and CC 33914 172 4 is be VBZ 33914 172 5 fused fuse VBN 33914 172 6 with with IN 33914 172 7 the the DT 33914 172 8 tendon tendon NN 33914 172 9 of of IN 33914 172 10 the the DT 33914 172 11 _ _ NNP 33914 172 12 m. m. NN 33914 173 1 semitendinosus semitendinosus NNP 33914 173 2 _ _ NNP 33914 173 3 . . . 33914 174 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 174 2 crus crus NNP 33914 174 3 . . . 33914 175 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 175 2 significant significant JJ 33914 175 3 differences difference NNS 33914 175 4 noted note VBN 33914 175 5 among among IN 33914 175 6 the the DT 33914 175 7 species specie NNS 33914 175 8 studied study VBN 33914 175 9 . . . 33914 176 1 _ _ NNP 33914 176 2 + + NNP 33914 176 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 176 4 biceps bicep VBZ 33914 176 5 femoris+ femoris+ RB 33914 176 6 _ _ NNP 33914 176 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 176 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 176 9 . . . 33914 177 1 2).--Long 2).--long CD 33914 177 2 , , , 33914 177 3 thin thin JJ 33914 177 4 , , , 33914 177 5 and and CC 33914 177 6 somewhat somewhat RB 33914 177 7 triangular triangular JJ 33914 177 8 , , , 33914 177 9 this this DT 33914 177 10 muscle muscle NN 33914 177 11 lies lie VBZ 33914 177 12 on on IN 33914 177 13 the the DT 33914 177 14 lateral lateral JJ 33914 177 15 side side NN 33914 177 16 of of IN 33914 177 17 the the DT 33914 177 18 thigh thigh NN 33914 177 19 just just RB 33914 177 20 underneath underneath IN 33914 177 21 the the DT 33914 177 22 _ _ NNP 33914 177 23 m. m. NN 33914 178 1 iliotibialis iliotibialis NNP 33914 178 2 _ _ NNP 33914 178 3 . . . 33914 179 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 179 2 origin origin NN 33914 179 3 is be VBZ 33914 179 4 from from IN 33914 179 5 a a DT 33914 179 6 line line NN 33914 179 7 along along IN 33914 179 8 the the DT 33914 179 9 anterior anterior NNP 33914 179 10 and and CC 33914 179 11 posterior posterior NNP 33914 179 12 iliac iliac NNP 33914 179 13 crests crest NNS 33914 179 14 underneath underneath IN 33914 179 15 the the DT 33914 179 16 origin origin NN 33914 179 17 of of IN 33914 179 18 the the DT 33914 179 19 _ _ NNP 33914 179 20 m. m. NN 33914 180 1 iliotibialis iliotibialis NNP 33914 180 2 _ _ NNP 33914 180 3 . . . 33914 181 1 Anterior anterior NN 33914 181 2 to to IN 33914 181 3 the the DT 33914 181 4 acetabulum acetabulum NN 33914 181 5 the the DT 33914 181 6 origin origin NN 33914 181 7 is be VBZ 33914 181 8 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 181 9 , , , 33914 181 10 and and CC 33914 181 11 the the DT 33914 181 12 edge edge NN 33914 181 13 of of IN 33914 181 14 this this DT 33914 181 15 aponeurosis aponeurosis NN 33914 181 16 passes pass VBZ 33914 181 17 over over IN 33914 181 18 the the DT 33914 181 19 proximal proximal JJ 33914 181 20 end end NN 33914 181 21 of of IN 33914 181 22 the the DT 33914 181 23 femur femur NN 33914 181 24 . . . 33914 182 1 The the DT 33914 182 2 origin origin NN 33914 182 3 posterior posterior NN 33914 182 4 to to IN 33914 182 5 the the DT 33914 182 6 acetabulum acetabulum NN 33914 182 7 is be VBZ 33914 182 8 fleshy fleshy NNP 33914 182 9 . . . 33914 183 1 The the DT 33914 183 2 most most JJS 33914 183 3 anterior anterior JJ 33914 183 4 point point NN 33914 183 5 of of IN 33914 183 6 origin origin NN 33914 183 7 is be VBZ 33914 183 8 difficult difficult JJ 33914 183 9 to to TO 33914 183 10 ascertain ascertain VB 33914 183 11 but but CC 33914 183 12 it -PRON- PRP 33914 183 13 lies lie VBZ 33914 183 14 near near IN 33914 183 15 the the DT 33914 183 16 center center NN 33914 183 17 of of IN 33914 183 18 the the DT 33914 183 19 anterior anterior NNP 33914 183 20 iliac iliac NNP 33914 183 21 crest crest NNP 33914 183 22 . . . 33914 184 1 The the DT 33914 184 2 most most JJS 33914 184 3 posterior posterior JJ 33914 184 4 point point NN 33914 184 5 of of IN 33914 184 6 origin origin NN 33914 184 7 is be VBZ 33914 184 8 immediately immediately RB 33914 184 9 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 184 10 to to IN 33914 184 11 the the DT 33914 184 12 posterior posterior JJ 33914 184 13 end end NN 33914 184 14 of of IN 33914 184 15 the the DT 33914 184 16 ilioischiatic ilioischiatic JJ 33914 184 17 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 184 18 . . . 33914 185 1 Behind behind IN 33914 185 2 the the DT 33914 185 3 knee knee NN 33914 185 4 the the DT 33914 185 5 fibers fiber NNS 33914 185 6 of of IN 33914 185 7 this this DT 33914 185 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 185 9 converge converge VBP 33914 185 10 to to TO 33914 185 11 form form VB 33914 185 12 the the DT 33914 185 13 strong strong JJ 33914 185 14 tendon tendon NN 33914 185 15 of of IN 33914 185 16 insertion insertion NN 33914 185 17 which which WDT 33914 185 18 passes pass VBZ 33914 185 19 through through IN 33914 185 20 the the DT 33914 185 21 biceps biceps NNP 33914 185 22 loop loop NN 33914 185 23 , , , 33914 185 24 under under IN 33914 185 25 the the DT 33914 185 26 tendon tendon NN 33914 185 27 of of IN 33914 185 28 origin origin NN 33914 185 29 of of IN 33914 185 30 the the DT 33914 185 31 _ _ NNP 33914 185 32 m. m. NN 33914 186 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 186 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 186 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 186 4 II II NNP 33914 186 5 _ _ NNP 33914 186 6 , , , 33914 186 7 and and CC 33914 186 8 inserts insert NNS 33914 186 9 on on IN 33914 186 10 a a DT 33914 186 11 small small JJ 33914 186 12 tubercle tubercle NN 33914 186 13 on on IN 33914 186 14 the the DT 33914 186 15 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 186 16 edge edge NN 33914 186 17 of of IN 33914 186 18 the the DT 33914 186 19 fibula fibula NN 33914 186 20 at at IN 33914 186 21 the the DT 33914 186 22 point point NN 33914 186 23 of of IN 33914 186 24 the the DT 33914 186 25 tibia tibia NN 33914 186 26 - - HYPH 33914 186 27 fibula fibula NN 33914 186 28 fusion fusion NN 33914 186 29 . . . 33914 187 1 The the DT 33914 187 2 biceps biceps NNP 33914 187 3 loop loop NN 33914 187 4 is be VBZ 33914 187 5 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 187 6 and and CC 33914 187 7 the the DT 33914 187 8 distal distal JJ 33914 187 9 end end NN 33914 187 10 attaches attache NNS 33914 187 11 to to IN 33914 187 12 a a DT 33914 187 13 protuberance protuberance NN 33914 187 14 on on IN 33914 187 15 the the DT 33914 187 16 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 187 17 edge edge NN 33914 187 18 of of IN 33914 187 19 the the DT 33914 187 20 femur femur NN 33914 187 21 at at IN 33914 187 22 the the DT 33914 187 23 proximal proximal JJ 33914 187 24 edge edge NN 33914 187 25 of of IN 33914 187 26 the the DT 33914 187 27 external external JJ 33914 187 28 condyle condyle NN 33914 187 29 . . . 33914 188 1 The the DT 33914 188 2 proximal proximal JJ 33914 188 3 end end NN 33914 188 4 attaches attach VBZ 33914 188 5 to to IN 33914 188 6 the the DT 33914 188 7 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 188 8 edge edge NN 33914 188 9 of of IN 33914 188 10 the the DT 33914 188 11 femur femur NN 33914 188 12 immediately immediately RB 33914 188 13 proximal proximal JJ 33914 188 14 to to IN 33914 188 15 the the DT 33914 188 16 distal distal JJ 33914 188 17 end end NN 33914 188 18 of of IN 33914 188 19 the the DT 33914 188 20 loop loop NN 33914 188 21 , , , 33914 188 22 which which WDT 33914 188 23 extends extend VBZ 33914 188 24 posterior posterior NN 33914 188 25 to to IN 33914 188 26 the the DT 33914 188 27 femur femur NN 33914 188 28 . . . 33914 189 1 The the DT 33914 189 2 distal distal JJ 33914 189 3 arm arm NN 33914 189 4 of of IN 33914 189 5 this this DT 33914 189 6 loop loop NN 33914 189 7 is be VBZ 33914 189 8 connected connect VBN 33914 189 9 with with IN 33914 189 10 the the DT 33914 189 11 tendon tendon NN 33914 189 12 of of IN 33914 189 13 origin origin NN 33914 189 14 of of IN 33914 189 15 the the DT 33914 189 16 _ _ NNP 33914 189 17 m. m. NN 33914 190 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 190 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 190 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 190 4 II II NNP 33914 190 5 _ _ NNP 33914 190 6 by by IN 33914 190 7 a a DT 33914 190 8 strong strong JJ 33914 190 9 tendon tendon NN 33914 190 10 . . . 33914 191 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 191 2 crus crus NNP 33914 191 3 . . . 33914 192 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 192 2 significant significant JJ 33914 192 3 differences difference NNS 33914 192 4 noted note VBN 33914 192 5 among among IN 33914 192 6 the the DT 33914 192 7 species specie NNS 33914 192 8 studied study VBN 33914 192 9 . . . 33914 193 1 _ _ NNP 33914 193 2 + + NNP 33914 193 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 193 4 ischiofemoralis+ ischiofemoralis+ FW 33914 193 5 _ _ NNP 33914 193 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 193 7 Fig Fig NNP 33914 193 8 . . . 33914 194 1 3).--Short 3).--short CD 33914 194 2 and and CC 33914 194 3 thick thick JJ 33914 194 4 , , , 33914 194 5 this this DT 33914 194 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 194 7 arises arise VBZ 33914 194 8 directly directly RB 33914 194 9 from from IN 33914 194 10 the the DT 33914 194 11 lateral lateral JJ 33914 194 12 surface surface NN 33914 194 13 of of IN 33914 194 14 the the DT 33914 194 15 ischium ischium NN 33914 194 16 between between IN 33914 194 17 the the DT 33914 194 18 posterior posterior NNP 33914 194 19 iliac iliac NNP 33914 194 20 crest crest NNP 33914 194 21 and and CC 33914 194 22 the the DT 33914 194 23 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 194 24 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 194 25 . . . 33914 195 1 The the DT 33914 195 2 area area NN 33914 195 3 of of IN 33914 195 4 origin origin NN 33914 195 5 extends extend VBZ 33914 195 6 to to IN 33914 195 7 the the DT 33914 195 8 posterior posterior JJ 33914 195 9 edge edge NN 33914 195 10 of of IN 33914 195 11 the the DT 33914 195 12 ischium ischium NN 33914 195 13 . . . 33914 196 1 The the DT 33914 196 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 196 3 is be VBZ 33914 196 4 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 196 5 on on IN 33914 196 6 the the DT 33914 196 7 lateral lateral JJ 33914 196 8 surface surface NN 33914 196 9 of of IN 33914 196 10 the the DT 33914 196 11 trochanter trochanter NN 33914 196 12 opposite opposite IN 33914 196 13 the the DT 33914 196 14 insertion insertion NN 33914 196 15 of of IN 33914 196 16 the the DT 33914 196 17 _ _ NNP 33914 196 18 m. m. NN 33914 197 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 197 2 medius medius NNP 33914 197 3 _ _ NNP 33914 197 4 . . . 33914 198 1 Action.--Moves action.--moves LS 33914 198 2 femur femur NN 33914 198 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 198 4 and and CC 33914 198 5 rotates rotate VBZ 33914 198 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 198 7 in in IN 33914 198 8 this this DT 33914 198 9 direction direction NN 33914 198 10 . . . 33914 199 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 199 2 significant significant JJ 33914 199 3 differences difference NNS 33914 199 4 noted note VBN 33914 199 5 among among IN 33914 199 6 the the DT 33914 199 7 species specie NNS 33914 199 8 studied study VBN 33914 199 9 . . . 33914 200 1 _ _ NNP 33914 200 2 + + DT 33914 200 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 200 4 obturator obturator NN 33914 200 5 internus+ internus+ NNP 33914 200 6 _ _ NNP 33914 200 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 200 8 Figs Figs NNP 33914 200 9 . . . 33914 201 1 4 4 CD 33914 201 2 , , , 33914 201 3 7).--Lying 7).--lying CD 33914 201 4 on on IN 33914 201 5 the the DT 33914 201 6 inside inside NN 33914 201 7 of of IN 33914 201 8 the the DT 33914 201 9 pelvis pelvi NNS 33914 201 10 and and CC 33914 201 11 covering cover VBG 33914 201 12 the the DT 33914 201 13 medial medial JJ 33914 201 14 surface surface NN 33914 201 15 of of IN 33914 201 16 the the DT 33914 201 17 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 201 18 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 201 19 , , , 33914 201 20 is be VBZ 33914 201 21 this this DT 33914 201 22 flat flat JJ 33914 201 23 , , , 33914 201 24 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 201 25 , , , 33914 201 26 leaf leaf NN 33914 201 27 - - HYPH 33914 201 28 shaped shape VBN 33914 201 29 muscle muscle NN 33914 201 30 . . . 33914 202 1 The the DT 33914 202 2 origin origin NN 33914 202 3 is be VBZ 33914 202 4 fleshy fleshy RB 33914 202 5 and and CC 33914 202 6 is be VBZ 33914 202 7 from from IN 33914 202 8 the the DT 33914 202 9 ischium ischium NN 33914 202 10 and and CC 33914 202 11 pubis pubi VBD 33914 202 12 around around IN 33914 202 13 the the DT 33914 202 14 edges edge NNS 33914 202 15 of of IN 33914 202 16 this this DT 33914 202 17 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 202 18 ; ; : 33914 202 19 none none NN 33914 202 20 of of IN 33914 202 21 the the DT 33914 202 22 fibers fiber NNS 33914 202 23 arises arise VBZ 33914 202 24 from from IN 33914 202 25 the the DT 33914 202 26 membrane membrane NN 33914 202 27 stretched stretch VBD 33914 202 28 across across IN 33914 202 29 the the DT 33914 202 30 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 202 31 . . . 33914 203 1 Anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 203 2 the the DT 33914 203 3 fibers fiber NNS 33914 203 4 converge converge VBP 33914 203 5 and and CC 33914 203 6 form form VB 33914 203 7 a a DT 33914 203 8 strong strong JJ 33914 203 9 tendon tendon NN 33914 203 10 that that WDT 33914 203 11 passes pass VBZ 33914 203 12 through through IN 33914 203 13 the the DT 33914 203 14 obturator obturator NN 33914 203 15 foramen foraman NNS 33914 203 16 and and CC 33914 203 17 inserts insert NNS 33914 203 18 on on IN 33914 203 19 the the DT 33914 203 20 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 203 21 surface surface NN 33914 203 22 of of IN 33914 203 23 the the DT 33914 203 24 trochanter trochanter NN 33914 203 25 of of IN 33914 203 26 the the DT 33914 203 27 femur femur NN 33914 203 28 . . . 33914 204 1 Action.--Rotates Action.--Rotates NFP 33914 204 2 femur femur NN 33914 204 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 204 4 . . . 33914 205 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 205 2 significant significant JJ 33914 205 3 differences difference NNS 33914 205 4 noted note VBN 33914 205 5 among among IN 33914 205 6 the the DT 33914 205 7 species specie NNS 33914 205 8 studied study VBN 33914 205 9 . . . 33914 206 1 _ _ NNP 33914 206 2 + + DT 33914 206 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 206 4 obturator obturator NN 33914 206 5 externus+ externus+ NN 33914 206 6 _ _ NNP 33914 206 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 206 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 206 9 . . . 33914 207 1 7).--Short 7).--short CD 33914 207 2 and and CC 33914 207 3 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 207 4 , , , 33914 207 5 this this DT 33914 207 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 207 7 consists consist VBZ 33914 207 8 of of IN 33914 207 9 two two CD 33914 207 10 parts part NNS 33914 207 11 which which WDT 33914 207 12 are be VBP 33914 207 13 not not RB 33914 207 14 easily easily RB 33914 207 15 separable separable JJ 33914 207 16 but but CC 33914 207 17 which which WDT 33914 207 18 may may MD 33914 207 19 be be VB 33914 207 20 traced trace VBN 33914 207 21 throughout throughout IN 33914 207 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 207 23 length length NN 33914 207 24 . . . 33914 208 1 The the DT 33914 208 2 parts part NNS 33914 208 3 are be VBP 33914 208 4 more more RBR 33914 208 5 nearly nearly RB 33914 208 6 distinct distinct JJ 33914 208 7 at at IN 33914 208 8 the the DT 33914 208 9 origin origin NN 33914 208 10 . . . 33914 209 1 The the DT 33914 209 2 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 209 3 part part NN 33914 209 4 arises arise VBZ 33914 209 5 directly directly RB 33914 209 6 from from IN 33914 209 7 the the DT 33914 209 8 ischium ischium NN 33914 209 9 along along IN 33914 209 10 the the DT 33914 209 11 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 209 12 edge edge NN 33914 209 13 of of IN 33914 209 14 the the DT 33914 209 15 obturator obturator NN 33914 209 16 foramen foraman NNS 33914 209 17 . . . 33914 210 1 The the DT 33914 210 2 larger large JJR 33914 210 3 ventral ventral JJ 33914 210 4 part part NN 33914 210 5 arises arise VBZ 33914 210 6 directly directly RB 33914 210 7 from from IN 33914 210 8 the the DT 33914 210 9 anterior anterior NN 33914 210 10 and and CC 33914 210 11 ventral ventral JJ 33914 210 12 edges edge NNS 33914 210 13 of of IN 33914 210 14 the the DT 33914 210 15 obturator obturator NN 33914 210 16 foramen foraman NNS 33914 210 17 . . . 33914 211 1 The the DT 33914 211 2 fibers fiber NNS 33914 211 3 of of IN 33914 211 4 the the DT 33914 211 5 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 211 6 part part NN 33914 211 7 pass pass VB 33914 211 8 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 211 9 , , , 33914 211 10 cover cover VB 33914 211 11 the the DT 33914 211 12 tendon tendon NN 33914 211 13 of of IN 33914 211 14 the the DT 33914 211 15 _ _ NNP 33914 211 16 m. m. NN 33914 212 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 212 2 internus internus NNP 33914 212 3 _ _ NNP 33914 212 4 laterally laterally RB 33914 212 5 , , , 33914 212 6 and and CC 33914 212 7 insert insert VB 33914 212 8 on on IN 33914 212 9 the the DT 33914 212 10 trochanter trochanter NN 33914 212 11 around around IN 33914 212 12 the the DT 33914 212 13 point point NN 33914 212 14 of of IN 33914 212 15 insertion insertion NN 33914 212 16 of of IN 33914 212 17 the the DT 33914 212 18 latter latter JJ 33914 212 19 muscle muscle NN 33914 212 20 . . . 33914 213 1 The the DT 33914 213 2 fibers fiber NNS 33914 213 3 of of IN 33914 213 4 the the DT 33914 213 5 ventral ventral JJ 33914 213 6 part part NN 33914 213 7 pass pass NN 33914 213 8 parallel parallel NN 33914 213 9 with with IN 33914 213 10 the the DT 33914 213 11 tendon tendon NN 33914 213 12 of of IN 33914 213 13 the the DT 33914 213 14 _ _ NNP 33914 213 15 m. m. NN 33914 214 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 214 2 internus internus NNP 33914 214 3 _ _ NNP 33914 214 4 and and CC 33914 214 5 insert insert VB 33914 214 6 on on IN 33914 214 7 the the DT 33914 214 8 trochanter trochanter NN 33914 214 9 immediately immediately RB 33914 214 10 distal distal JJ 33914 214 11 and and CC 33914 214 12 posterior posterior RB 33914 214 13 to to IN 33914 214 14 the the DT 33914 214 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 214 16 of of IN 33914 214 17 the the DT 33914 214 18 latter latter JJ 33914 214 19 muscle muscle NN 33914 214 20 . . . 33914 215 1 Action.--Rotates Action.--Rotates NFP 33914 215 2 femur femur NN 33914 215 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 215 4 . . . 33914 216 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 216 2 _ _ NNP 33914 216 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 216 4 _ _ NNP 33914 216 5 , , , 33914 216 6 _ _ NNP 33914 216 7 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 216 8 _ _ NNP 33914 216 9 , , , 33914 216 10 _ _ NNP 33914 216 11 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 216 12 _ _ NNP 33914 216 13 , , , 33914 216 14 _ _ NNP 33914 216 15 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 216 16 _ _ NNP 33914 216 17 , , , 33914 216 18 _ _ NNP 33914 216 19 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 216 20 _ _ NNP 33914 216 21 , , , 33914 216 22 _ _ NNP 33914 216 23 Pinicola Pinicola NNP 33914 216 24 _ _ NNP 33914 216 25 , , , 33914 216 26 _ _ NNP 33914 216 27 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 216 28 _ _ NNP 33914 216 29 , , , 33914 216 30 _ _ NNP 33914 216 31 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 216 32 _ _ NNP 33914 216 33 and and CC 33914 216 34 _ _ NNP 33914 216 35 Loxia Loxia NNP 33914 216 36 _ _ NNP 33914 216 37 , , , 33914 216 38 this this DT 33914 216 39 muscle muscle NN 33914 216 40 is be VBZ 33914 216 41 undivided undivided JJ 33914 216 42 and and CC 33914 216 43 , , , 33914 216 44 in in IN 33914 216 45 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 216 46 position position NN 33914 216 47 , , , 33914 216 48 origin origin NN 33914 216 49 , , , 33914 216 50 and and CC 33914 216 51 insertion insertion NN 33914 216 52 , , , 33914 216 53 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 216 54 the the DT 33914 216 55 ventral ventral JJ 33914 216 56 part part NN 33914 216 57 of of IN 33914 216 58 the the DT 33914 216 59 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 216 60 muscle muscle NN 33914 216 61 described describe VBN 33914 216 62 above above RB 33914 216 63 . . . 33914 217 1 The the DT 33914 217 2 origin origin NN 33914 217 3 is be VBZ 33914 217 4 from from IN 33914 217 5 the the DT 33914 217 6 anterior anterior NN 33914 217 7 and and CC 33914 217 8 ventral ventral JJ 33914 217 9 edges edge NNS 33914 217 10 of of IN 33914 217 11 the the DT 33914 217 12 obturator obturator NN 33914 217 13 foramen foraman NNS 33914 217 14 and and CC 33914 217 15 the the DT 33914 217 16 insertion insertion NN 33914 217 17 is be VBZ 33914 217 18 on on IN 33914 217 19 the the DT 33914 217 20 trochanter trochanter NN 33914 217 21 of of IN 33914 217 22 the the DT 33914 217 23 femur femur NN 33914 217 24 immediately immediately RB 33914 217 25 distal distal JJ 33914 217 26 and and CC 33914 217 27 posterior posterior RB 33914 217 28 to to IN 33914 217 29 the the DT 33914 217 30 insertion insertion NN 33914 217 31 of of IN 33914 217 32 the the DT 33914 217 33 _ _ NNP 33914 217 34 m. m. NN 33914 218 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 218 2 internus internus NNP 33914 218 3 _ _ NNP 33914 218 4 . . . 33914 219 1 In in IN 33914 219 2 all all DT 33914 219 3 other other JJ 33914 219 4 genera genera NN 33914 219 5 examined examine VBN 33914 219 6 , , , 33914 219 7 the the DT 33914 219 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 219 9 is be VBZ 33914 219 10 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 219 11 . . . 33914 220 1 In in IN 33914 220 2 _ _ NNP 33914 220 3 Chlorura Chlorura NNP 33914 220 4 _ _ NNP 33914 220 5 the the DT 33914 220 6 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 220 7 part part NN 33914 220 8 is be VBZ 33914 220 9 larger large JJR 33914 220 10 and and CC 33914 220 11 better well RBR 33914 220 12 developed develop VBN 33914 220 13 than than IN 33914 220 14 it -PRON- PRP 33914 220 15 is be VBZ 33914 220 16 in in IN 33914 220 17 the the DT 33914 220 18 other other JJ 33914 220 19 genera genera NN 33914 220 20 . . . 33914 221 1 _ _ NNP 33914 221 2 + + DT 33914 221 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 221 4 adductor adductor NN 33914 221 5 longus longus FW 33914 221 6 et et FW 33914 221 7 brevis+ brevis+ NNP 33914 221 8 _ _ NNP 33914 221 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 221 10 Figs Figs NNP 33914 221 11 . . . 33914 222 1 3 3 CD 33914 222 2 , , , 33914 222 3 4 4 CD 33914 222 4 , , , 33914 222 5 5).--Consisting 5).--consisting CD 33914 222 6 of of IN 33914 222 7 two two CD 33914 222 8 distinct distinct JJ 33914 222 9 , , , 33914 222 10 straplike straplike JJ 33914 222 11 parts part NNS 33914 222 12 , , , 33914 222 13 this this DT 33914 222 14 large large JJ 33914 222 15 muscle muscle NN 33914 222 16 lies lie VBZ 33914 222 17 on on IN 33914 222 18 the the DT 33914 222 19 medial medial JJ 33914 222 20 surface surface NN 33914 222 21 of of IN 33914 222 22 the the DT 33914 222 23 thigh thigh NN 33914 222 24 , , , 33914 222 25 posterior posterior RB 33914 222 26 to to IN 33914 222 27 the the DT 33914 222 28 femur femur NN 33914 222 29 . . . 33914 223 1 The the DT 33914 223 2 _ _ NNP 33914 223 3 pars par NNS 33914 223 4 anticus anticus NNP 33914 223 5 _ _ NNP 33914 223 6 has have VBZ 33914 223 7 a a DT 33914 223 8 semitendinous semitendinous JJ 33914 223 9 origin origin NN 33914 223 10 on on IN 33914 223 11 a a DT 33914 223 12 line line NN 33914 223 13 that that WDT 33914 223 14 extends extend VBZ 33914 223 15 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 223 16 from from IN 33914 223 17 the the DT 33914 223 18 posteroventral posteroventral JJ 33914 223 19 edge edge NN 33914 223 20 of of IN 33914 223 21 the the DT 33914 223 22 obturator obturator NN 33914 223 23 foramen foraman NNS 33914 223 24 to to IN 33914 223 25 a a DT 33914 223 26 point point NN 33914 223 27 half half JJ 33914 223 28 way way NN 33914 223 29 across across IN 33914 223 30 the the DT 33914 223 31 membrane membrane NN 33914 223 32 that that WDT 33914 223 33 covers cover VBZ 33914 223 34 the the DT 33914 223 35 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 223 36 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 223 37 . . . 33914 224 1 The the DT 33914 224 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 224 3 is be VBZ 33914 224 4 fleshy fleshy RB 33914 224 5 along along IN 33914 224 6 the the DT 33914 224 7 posterior posterior NN 33914 224 8 surface surface NN 33914 224 9 of of IN 33914 224 10 the the DT 33914 224 11 femur femur NN 33914 224 12 from from IN 33914 224 13 the the DT 33914 224 14 level level NN 33914 224 15 of of IN 33914 224 16 the the DT 33914 224 17 insertion insertion NN 33914 224 18 of of IN 33914 224 19 the the DT 33914 224 20 _ _ NNP 33914 224 21 m. m. NN 33914 225 1 piriformis piriformis NNP 33914 225 2 _ _ NNP 33914 225 3 distally distally RB 33914 225 4 to to IN 33914 225 5 the the DT 33914 225 6 medial medial JJ 33914 225 7 surface surface NN 33914 225 8 of of IN 33914 225 9 the the DT 33914 225 10 internal internal JJ 33914 225 11 condyle condyle NN 33914 225 12 . . . 33914 226 1 The the DT 33914 226 2 _ _ NNP 33914 226 3 pars par NNS 33914 226 4 posticus posticus NNP 33914 226 5 _ _ NNP 33914 226 6 originates originate VBZ 33914 226 7 by by IN 33914 226 8 a a DT 33914 226 9 broad broad JJ 33914 226 10 , , , 33914 226 11 flat flat JJ 33914 226 12 tendon tendon NN 33914 226 13 on on IN 33914 226 14 a a DT 33914 226 15 line line NN 33914 226 16 across across IN 33914 226 17 the the DT 33914 226 18 posterior posterior NN 33914 226 19 half half NN 33914 226 20 of of IN 33914 226 21 the the DT 33914 226 22 membrane membrane NN 33914 226 23 that that WDT 33914 226 24 covers cover VBZ 33914 226 25 the the DT 33914 226 26 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 226 27 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 226 28 . . . 33914 227 1 The the DT 33914 227 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 227 3 is be VBZ 33914 227 4 at at IN 33914 227 5 the the DT 33914 227 6 point point NN 33914 227 7 of of IN 33914 227 8 origin origin NN 33914 227 9 of of IN 33914 227 10 the the DT 33914 227 11 _ _ NNP 33914 227 12 pars par NNS 33914 227 13 media medium NNS 33914 227 14 _ _ NNP 33914 227 15 of of IN 33914 227 16 the the DT 33914 227 17 _ _ NNP 33914 227 18 m. m. NN 33914 228 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 228 2 _ _ NNP 33914 228 3 on on IN 33914 228 4 the the DT 33914 228 5 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 228 6 surface surface NN 33914 228 7 of of IN 33914 228 8 the the DT 33914 228 9 proximal proximal JJ 33914 228 10 end end NN 33914 228 11 of of IN 33914 228 12 the the DT 33914 228 13 internal internal JJ 33914 228 14 condyle condyle NN 33914 228 15 of of IN 33914 228 16 the the DT 33914 228 17 femur femur NN 33914 228 18 . . . 33914 229 1 There there EX 33914 229 2 is be VBZ 33914 229 3 a a DT 33914 229 4 broad broad JJ 33914 229 5 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 229 6 connection connection NN 33914 229 7 with with IN 33914 229 8 the the DT 33914 229 9 proximal proximal JJ 33914 229 10 end end NN 33914 229 11 of of IN 33914 229 12 the the DT 33914 229 13 _ _ NNP 33914 229 14 pars par NNS 33914 229 15 media medium NNS 33914 229 16 _ _ NNP 33914 229 17 of of IN 33914 229 18 the the DT 33914 229 19 _ _ NNP 33914 229 20 m. m. NN 33914 230 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 230 2 _ _ NNP 33914 230 3 . . . 33914 231 1 The the DT 33914 231 2 anterior anterior JJ 33914 231 3 edge edge NN 33914 231 4 of of IN 33914 231 5 the the DT 33914 231 6 _ _ NNP 33914 231 7 pars pars NNPS 33914 231 8 posticus posticus NNP 33914 231 9 _ _ NNP 33914 231 10 is be VBZ 33914 231 11 overlapped overlap VBN 33914 231 12 medially medially RB 33914 231 13 by by IN 33914 231 14 the the DT 33914 231 15 posterior posterior JJ 33914 231 16 edge edge NN 33914 231 17 of of IN 33914 231 18 the the DT 33914 231 19 _ _ NNP 33914 231 20 pars par NNS 33914 231 21 anticus anticus NNP 33914 231 22 _ _ NNP 33914 231 23 . . . 33914 232 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 232 2 thigh thigh NNP 33914 232 3 ; ; : 33914 232 4 may may MD 33914 232 5 flex flex VB 33914 232 6 crus crus NN 33914 232 7 also also RB 33914 232 8 and and CC 33914 232 9 may may MD 33914 232 10 extend extend VB 33914 232 11 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 232 12 . . . 33914 233 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 233 2 _ _ NNP 33914 233 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 233 4 olivaceous olivaceous JJ 33914 233 5 _ _ NNP 33914 233 6 , , , 33914 233 7 the the DT 33914 233 8 origin origin NN 33914 233 9 of of IN 33914 233 10 this this DT 33914 233 11 muscle muscle NN 33914 233 12 does do VBZ 33914 233 13 not not RB 33914 233 14 extend extend VB 33914 233 15 the the DT 33914 233 16 length length NN 33914 233 17 of of IN 33914 233 18 the the DT 33914 233 19 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 233 20 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 233 21 . . . 33914 234 1 The the DT 33914 234 2 origin origin NN 33914 234 3 , , , 33914 234 4 furthermore furthermore RB 33914 234 5 , , , 33914 234 6 is be VBZ 33914 234 7 along along IN 33914 234 8 the the DT 33914 234 9 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 234 10 edge edge NN 33914 234 11 of of IN 33914 234 12 the the DT 33914 234 13 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 234 14 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 234 15 and and CC 33914 234 16 not not RB 33914 234 17 from from IN 33914 234 18 the the DT 33914 234 19 membrane membrane NN 33914 234 20 covering cover VBG 33914 234 21 the the DT 33914 234 22 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 234 23 . . . 33914 235 1 Finally finally RB 33914 235 2 , , , 33914 235 3 in in IN 33914 235 4 this this DT 33914 235 5 species specie NNS 33914 235 6 , , , 33914 235 7 the the DT 33914 235 8 origin origin NN 33914 235 9 of of IN 33914 235 10 the the DT 33914 235 11 _ _ NNP 33914 235 12 pars pars NNPS 33914 235 13 posticus posticus NNP 33914 235 14 _ _ NNP 33914 235 15 is be VBZ 33914 235 16 fleshy fleshy NNP 33914 235 17 . . . 33914 236 1 _ _ NNP 33914 236 2 + + NNP 33914 236 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 236 4 tibialis tibialis NNP 33914 236 5 anticus+ anticus+ RB 33914 236 6 _ _ NNP 33914 236 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 236 8 Figs Figs NNP 33914 236 9 . . . 33914 237 1 2 2 CD 33914 237 2 , , , 33914 237 3 5).--Lying 5).--lye VBG 33914 237 4 along along IN 33914 237 5 the the DT 33914 237 6 anterior anterior JJ 33914 237 7 edge edge NN 33914 237 8 of of IN 33914 237 9 the the DT 33914 237 10 crus crus NN 33914 237 11 , , , 33914 237 12 a a DT 33914 237 13 part part NN 33914 237 14 of of IN 33914 237 15 this this DT 33914 237 16 muscle muscle NN 33914 237 17 is be VBZ 33914 237 18 covered cover VBN 33914 237 19 by by IN 33914 237 20 the the DT 33914 237 21 _ _ NNP 33914 237 22 m. m. NN 33914 238 1 peroneus peroneus NNP 33914 238 2 longus longus NNP 33914 238 3 _ _ NNP 33914 238 4 . . . 33914 239 1 The the DT 33914 239 2 origin origin NN 33914 239 3 is be VBZ 33914 239 4 by by IN 33914 239 5 two two CD 33914 239 6 distinct distinct JJ 33914 239 7 heads head NNS 33914 239 8 , , , 33914 239 9 each each DT 33914 239 10 of of IN 33914 239 11 which which WDT 33914 239 12 is be VBZ 33914 239 13 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 239 14 . . . 33914 240 1 The the DT 33914 240 2 anterior anterior JJ 33914 240 3 head head NN 33914 240 4 arises arise VBZ 33914 240 5 directly directly RB 33914 240 6 from from IN 33914 240 7 the the DT 33914 240 8 edges edge NNS 33914 240 9 of of IN 33914 240 10 the the DT 33914 240 11 outer outer JJ 33914 240 12 and and CC 33914 240 13 inner inner JJ 33914 240 14 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 240 15 crests crest NNS 33914 240 16 . . . 33914 241 1 The the DT 33914 241 2 posterior posterior NN 33914 241 3 head head NN 33914 241 4 arises arise VBZ 33914 241 5 by by IN 33914 241 6 a a DT 33914 241 7 short short JJ 33914 241 8 , , , 33914 241 9 strong strong JJ 33914 241 10 tendon tendon NNP 33914 241 11 from from IN 33914 241 12 a a DT 33914 241 13 small small JJ 33914 241 14 pit pit NN 33914 241 15 on on IN 33914 241 16 the the DT 33914 241 17 anterodistal anterodistal JJ 33914 241 18 edge edge NN 33914 241 19 of of IN 33914 241 20 the the DT 33914 241 21 external external JJ 33914 241 22 condyle condyle NN 33914 241 23 of of IN 33914 241 24 the the DT 33914 241 25 femur femur NN 33914 241 26 . . . 33914 242 1 This this DT 33914 242 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 242 3 and and CC 33914 242 4 the the DT 33914 242 5 proximal proximal JJ 33914 242 6 end end NN 33914 242 7 of of IN 33914 242 8 the the DT 33914 242 9 muscle muscle NN 33914 242 10 pass pass VB 33914 242 11 between between IN 33914 242 12 the the DT 33914 242 13 head head NN 33914 242 14 of of IN 33914 242 15 the the DT 33914 242 16 fibula fibula NN 33914 242 17 and and CC 33914 242 18 the the DT 33914 242 19 outer outer NNP 33914 242 20 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 242 21 crest crest NN 33914 242 22 . . . 33914 243 1 The the DT 33914 243 2 two two CD 33914 243 3 heads head NNS 33914 243 4 of of IN 33914 243 5 the the DT 33914 243 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 243 7 fuse fuse NN 33914 243 8 at at IN 33914 243 9 a a DT 33914 243 10 place place NN 33914 243 11 slightly slightly RB 33914 243 12 more more JJR 33914 243 13 than than IN 33914 243 14 one one CD 33914 243 15 - - HYPH 33914 243 16 half half NN 33914 243 17 of of IN 33914 243 18 the the DT 33914 243 19 distance distance NN 33914 243 20 down down IN 33914 243 21 the the DT 33914 243 22 crus crus NN 33914 243 23 . . . 33914 244 1 At at IN 33914 244 2 the the DT 33914 244 3 distal distal JJ 33914 244 4 end end NN 33914 244 5 of of IN 33914 244 6 the the DT 33914 244 7 crus crus NN 33914 244 8 this this DT 33914 244 9 muscle muscle NN 33914 244 10 gives give VBZ 33914 244 11 rise rise NN 33914 244 12 to to IN 33914 244 13 a a DT 33914 244 14 strong strong JJ 33914 244 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 244 16 which which WDT 33914 244 17 passes pass VBZ 33914 244 18 under under IN 33914 244 19 a a DT 33914 244 20 fibrous fibrous JJ 33914 244 21 loop loop NN 33914 244 22 immediately immediately RB 33914 244 23 proximal proximal JJ 33914 244 24 to to IN 33914 244 25 the the DT 33914 244 26 external external JJ 33914 244 27 condyle condyle NN 33914 244 28 in in IN 33914 244 29 company company NN 33914 244 30 with with IN 33914 244 31 the the DT 33914 244 32 _ _ NNP 33914 244 33 m. m. NN 33914 245 1 extensor extensor NNP 33914 245 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 245 3 longus longus NNP 33914 245 4 _ _ NNP 33914 245 5 and and CC 33914 245 6 which which WDT 33914 245 7 passes pass VBZ 33914 245 8 between between IN 33914 245 9 the the DT 33914 245 10 condyles condyle NNS 33914 245 11 of of IN 33914 245 12 the the DT 33914 245 13 tibia tibia NNP 33914 245 14 and and CC 33914 245 15 inserts insert NNS 33914 245 16 on on IN 33914 245 17 a a DT 33914 245 18 tubercle tubercle NN 33914 245 19 on on IN 33914 245 20 the the DT 33914 245 21 anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 245 22 edge edge NN 33914 245 23 of of IN 33914 245 24 the the DT 33914 245 25 proximal proximal JJ 33914 245 26 end end NN 33914 245 27 of of IN 33914 245 28 the the DT 33914 245 29 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 245 30 . . . 33914 246 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 246 2 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NNP 33914 246 3 . . . 33914 247 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 247 2 significant significant JJ 33914 247 3 differences difference NNS 33914 247 4 noted note VBN 33914 247 5 among among IN 33914 247 6 the the DT 33914 247 7 species specie NNS 33914 247 8 studied study VBN 33914 247 9 . . . 33914 248 1 _ _ NNP 33914 248 2 + + DT 33914 248 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 248 4 extensor extensor NN 33914 248 5 digitorum digitorum NN 33914 248 6 longus+ longus+ NN 33914 248 7 _ _ NNP 33914 248 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 248 9 Figs Figs NNP 33914 248 10 . . . 33914 249 1 3 3 CD 33914 249 2 , , , 33914 249 3 5 5 CD 33914 249 4 , , , 33914 249 5 8).--Slender 8).--slender CD 33914 249 6 and and CC 33914 249 7 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 249 8 , , , 33914 249 9 this this DT 33914 249 10 muscle muscle NN 33914 249 11 lies lie VBZ 33914 249 12 along along IN 33914 249 13 the the DT 33914 249 14 anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 249 15 surface surface NN 33914 249 16 of of IN 33914 249 17 the the DT 33914 249 18 tibia tibia NNP 33914 249 19 . . . 33914 250 1 The the DT 33914 250 2 origin origin NN 33914 250 3 is be VBZ 33914 250 4 fleshy fleshy RB 33914 250 5 from from IN 33914 250 6 most most JJS 33914 250 7 of of IN 33914 250 8 the the DT 33914 250 9 region region NN 33914 250 10 between between IN 33914 250 11 the the DT 33914 250 12 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 250 13 crests crest NNS 33914 250 14 and and CC 33914 250 15 from from IN 33914 250 16 a a DT 33914 250 17 line line NN 33914 250 18 along along IN 33914 250 19 the the DT 33914 250 20 anterior anterior NNP 33914 250 21 surface surface NN 33914 250 22 of of IN 33914 250 23 the the DT 33914 250 24 proximal proximal JJ 33914 250 25 fourth fourth JJ 33914 250 26 of of IN 33914 250 27 the the DT 33914 250 28 tibia tibia NNP 33914 250 29 . . . 33914 251 1 Approximately approximately RB 33914 251 2 two two CD 33914 251 3 - - HYPH 33914 251 4 thirds third NNS 33914 251 5 of of IN 33914 251 6 the the DT 33914 251 7 distance distance NN 33914 251 8 down down IN 33914 251 9 the the DT 33914 251 10 crus crus NN 33914 251 11 the the DT 33914 251 12 muscle muscle NN 33914 251 13 gives give VBZ 33914 251 14 rise rise NN 33914 251 15 to to IN 33914 251 16 the the DT 33914 251 17 tendon tendon NN 33914 251 18 of of IN 33914 251 19 insertion insertion NN 33914 251 20 which which WDT 33914 251 21 passes pass VBZ 33914 251 22 through through IN 33914 251 23 the the DT 33914 251 24 fibrous fibrous JJ 33914 251 25 loop loop NN 33914 251 26 near near IN 33914 251 27 the the DT 33914 251 28 distal distal JJ 33914 251 29 end end NN 33914 251 30 of of IN 33914 251 31 the the DT 33914 251 32 tibia tibia NN 33914 251 33 in in IN 33914 251 34 company company NN 33914 251 35 with with IN 33914 251 36 the the DT 33914 251 37 _ _ NNP 33914 251 38 m. m. NN 33914 252 1 tibialis tibialis NNP 33914 252 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 252 3 _ _ NNP 33914 252 4 . . . 33914 253 1 The the DT 33914 253 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 253 3 then then RB 33914 253 4 passes pass VBZ 33914 253 5 along along IN 33914 253 6 beneath beneath IN 33914 253 7 the the DT 33914 253 8 supratendinal supratendinal JJ 33914 253 9 bridge bridge NN 33914 253 10 at at IN 33914 253 11 the the DT 33914 253 12 distal distal JJ 33914 253 13 end end NN 33914 253 14 of of IN 33914 253 15 the the DT 33914 253 16 tibia tibia NNP 33914 253 17 , , , 33914 253 18 traverses traverse VBZ 33914 253 19 the the DT 33914 253 20 anterior anterior NNP 33914 253 21 intercondylar intercondylar NNP 33914 253 22 fossa fossa NNP 33914 253 23 , , , 33914 253 24 and and CC 33914 253 25 passes pass VBZ 33914 253 26 beneath beneath IN 33914 253 27 a a DT 33914 253 28 bony bony NN 33914 253 29 bridge bridge NN 33914 253 30 on on IN 33914 253 31 the the DT 33914 253 32 anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 253 33 surface surface NN 33914 253 34 of of IN 33914 253 35 the the DT 33914 253 36 proximal proximal JJ 33914 253 37 end end NN 33914 253 38 of of IN 33914 253 39 the the DT 33914 253 40 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 253 41 . . . 33914 254 1 The the DT 33914 254 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 254 3 continues continue VBZ 33914 254 4 along along IN 33914 254 5 the the DT 33914 254 6 anterior anterior NNP 33914 254 7 surface surface NN 33914 254 8 of of IN 33914 254 9 the the DT 33914 254 10 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 254 11 to to IN 33914 254 12 a a DT 33914 254 13 point point NN 33914 254 14 immediately immediately RB 33914 254 15 above above IN 33914 254 16 the the DT 33914 254 17 bases basis NNS 33914 254 18 of of IN 33914 254 19 the the DT 33914 254 20 toes toe NNS 33914 254 21 and and CC 33914 254 22 there there EX 33914 254 23 gives give VBZ 33914 254 24 rise rise NN 33914 254 25 to to IN 33914 254 26 three three CD 33914 254 27 branches branch NNS 33914 254 28 , , , 33914 254 29 one one CD 33914 254 30 to to IN 33914 254 31 the the DT 33914 254 32 anterior anterior JJ 33914 254 33 surface surface NN 33914 254 34 of of IN 33914 254 35 each each DT 33914 254 36 foretoe foretoe NN 33914 254 37 . . . 33914 255 1 The the DT 33914 255 2 insertions insertion NNS 33914 255 3 of of IN 33914 255 4 each each DT 33914 255 5 branch branch NN 33914 255 6 are be VBP 33914 255 7 on on IN 33914 255 8 the the DT 33914 255 9 anterior anterior NN 33914 255 10 surfaces surface NNS 33914 255 11 of of IN 33914 255 12 the the DT 33914 255 13 phalanges phalanx NNS 33914 255 14 as as IN 33914 255 15 shown show VBN 33914 255 16 in in IN 33914 255 17 Fig Fig NNP 33914 255 18 . . . 33914 256 1 8 8 LS 33914 256 2 . . . 33914 257 1 Action.--Extends Action.--Extends NNP 33914 257 2 foretoes foretoe NNS 33914 257 3 . . . 33914 258 1 Comparison.--This Comparison.--This : 33914 258 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 258 3 is be VBZ 33914 258 4 weakly weakly RB 33914 258 5 developed develop VBN 33914 258 6 in in IN 33914 258 7 _ _ NNP 33914 258 8 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 258 9 _ _ NNP 33914 258 10 and and CC 33914 258 11 _ _ NNP 33914 258 12 Calvarius Calvarius NNP 33914 258 13 _ _ NNP 33914 258 14 ; ; : 33914 258 15 the the DT 33914 258 16 belly belly NN 33914 258 17 is be VBZ 33914 258 18 slender slend JJR 33914 258 19 and and CC 33914 258 20 extends extend VBZ 33914 258 21 only only RB 33914 258 22 half half JJ 33914 258 23 way way NN 33914 258 24 down down IN 33914 258 25 the the DT 33914 258 26 crus crus NN 33914 258 27 before before IN 33914 258 28 giving give VBG 33914 258 29 rise rise NN 33914 258 30 to to IN 33914 258 31 the the DT 33914 258 32 tendon tendon NN 33914 258 33 of of IN 33914 258 34 insertion insertion NN 33914 258 35 . . . 33914 259 1 The the DT 33914 259 2 functional functional JJ 33914 259 3 significance significance NN 33914 259 4 of of IN 33914 259 5 this this DT 33914 259 6 variation variation NN 33914 259 7 is be VBZ 33914 259 8 difficult difficult JJ 33914 259 9 to to TO 33914 259 10 understand understand VB 33914 259 11 . . . 33914 260 1 The the DT 33914 260 2 convergence convergence NN 33914 260 3 in in IN 33914 260 4 muscle muscle NN 33914 260 5 pattern pattern NN 33914 260 6 shown show VBN 33914 260 7 by by IN 33914 260 8 these these DT 33914 260 9 two two CD 33914 260 10 genera genera NN 33914 260 11 , , , 33914 260 12 however however RB 33914 260 13 , , , 33914 260 14 is be VBZ 33914 260 15 in in IN 33914 260 16 all all DT 33914 260 17 probability probability NN 33914 260 18 the the DT 33914 260 19 result result NN 33914 260 20 of of IN 33914 260 21 similarities similarity NNS 33914 260 22 in in IN 33914 260 23 behavior behavior NN 33914 260 24 patterns pattern NNS 33914 260 25 . . . 33914 261 1 These these DT 33914 261 2 birds bird NNS 33914 261 3 perch perch VBP 33914 261 4 less less RBR 33914 261 5 frequently frequently RB 33914 261 6 than than IN 33914 261 7 do do VB 33914 261 8 the the DT 33914 261 9 other other JJ 33914 261 10 birds bird NNS 33914 261 11 studied study VBN 33914 261 12 . . . 33914 262 1 Thus thus RB 33914 262 2 , , , 33914 262 3 the the DT 33914 262 4 toes toe NNS 33914 262 5 are be VBP 33914 262 6 neither neither RB 33914 262 7 flexed flex VBN 33914 262 8 nor nor CC 33914 262 9 extended extend VBD 33914 262 10 as as RB 33914 262 11 often often RB 33914 262 12 ; ; : 33914 262 13 the the DT 33914 262 14 smaller small JJR 33914 262 15 size size NN 33914 262 16 of of IN 33914 262 17 the the DT 33914 262 18 _ _ NNP 33914 262 19 m. m. NN 33914 263 1 extensor extensor NNP 33914 263 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 263 3 longus longus NNP 33914 263 4 _ _ NNP 33914 263 5 may may MD 33914 263 6 have have VB 33914 263 7 resulted result VBN 33914 263 8 in in IN 33914 263 9 part part NN 33914 263 10 from from IN 33914 263 11 this this DT 33914 263 12 lessened lessened JJ 33914 263 13 activity activity NN 33914 263 14 . . . 33914 264 1 Except except IN 33914 264 2 for for IN 33914 264 3 the the DT 33914 264 4 variations variation NNS 33914 264 5 just just RB 33914 264 6 noted note VBN 33914 264 7 , , , 33914 264 8 there there EX 33914 264 9 are be VBP 33914 264 10 no no DT 33914 264 11 significant significant JJ 33914 264 12 differences difference NNS 33914 264 13 among among IN 33914 264 14 the the DT 33914 264 15 species specie NNS 33914 264 16 studied study VBN 33914 264 17 ; ; : 33914 264 18 even even RB 33914 264 19 the the DT 33914 264 20 rather rather RB 33914 264 21 complex complex JJ 33914 264 22 patterns pattern NNS 33914 264 23 of of IN 33914 264 24 insertion insertion NN 33914 264 25 are be VBP 33914 264 26 identical identical JJ 33914 264 27 . . . 33914 265 1 _ _ NNP 33914 265 2 + + DT 33914 265 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 265 4 peroneus peroneus NN 33914 265 5 longus+ longus+ NN 33914 265 6 _ _ NNP 33914 265 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 265 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 265 9 . . . 33914 266 1 1).--Relatively 1).--relatively RB 33914 266 2 thin thin JJ 33914 266 3 and and CC 33914 266 4 straplike straplike VB 33914 266 5 , , , 33914 266 6 this this DT 33914 266 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 266 8 lies lie VBZ 33914 266 9 on on IN 33914 266 10 the the DT 33914 266 11 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 266 12 surface surface NN 33914 266 13 of of IN 33914 266 14 the the DT 33914 266 15 crus crus NN 33914 266 16 and and CC 33914 266 17 is be VBZ 33914 266 18 intimately intimately RB 33914 266 19 attached attach VBN 33914 266 20 to to IN 33914 266 21 the the DT 33914 266 22 underlying underlie VBG 33914 266 23 muscles muscle NNS 33914 266 24 . . . 33914 267 1 The the DT 33914 267 2 part part NN 33914 267 3 of of IN 33914 267 4 the the DT 33914 267 5 origin origin NN 33914 267 6 from from IN 33914 267 7 the the DT 33914 267 8 proximal proximal JJ 33914 267 9 edges edge NNS 33914 267 10 of of IN 33914 267 11 the the DT 33914 267 12 inner inner JJ 33914 267 13 and and CC 33914 267 14 outer outer JJ 33914 267 15 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 267 16 crests crest NNS 33914 267 17 is be VBZ 33914 267 18 semitendinous semitendinous JJ 33914 267 19 but but CC 33914 267 20 the the DT 33914 267 21 part part NN 33914 267 22 of of IN 33914 267 23 the the DT 33914 267 24 origin origin NN 33914 267 25 from from IN 33914 267 26 the the DT 33914 267 27 lateral lateral JJ 33914 267 28 edge edge NN 33914 267 29 of of IN 33914 267 30 the the DT 33914 267 31 shaft shaft NN 33914 267 32 of of IN 33914 267 33 the the DT 33914 267 34 fibula fibula NN 33914 267 35 is be VBZ 33914 267 36 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 267 37 . . . 33914 268 1 Approximately approximately RB 33914 268 2 two two CD 33914 268 3 - - HYPH 33914 268 4 thirds third NNS 33914 268 5 the the DT 33914 268 6 distance distance NN 33914 268 7 down down IN 33914 268 8 the the DT 33914 268 9 crus crus NN 33914 268 10 the the DT 33914 268 11 muscle muscle NN 33914 268 12 gives give VBZ 33914 268 13 rise rise NN 33914 268 14 to to IN 33914 268 15 the the DT 33914 268 16 tendon tendon NN 33914 268 17 of of IN 33914 268 18 insertion insertion NN 33914 268 19 . . . 33914 269 1 Immediately immediately RB 33914 269 2 above above IN 33914 269 3 the the DT 33914 269 4 external external JJ 33914 269 5 condyle condyle NN 33914 269 6 of of IN 33914 269 7 the the DT 33914 269 8 tibiotarsus tibiotarsus NN 33914 269 9 this this DT 33914 269 10 tendon tendon NNP 33914 269 11 divides divide VBZ 33914 269 12 . . . 33914 270 1 The the DT 33914 270 2 posterior posterior NN 33914 270 3 branch branch NN 33914 270 4 inserts insert NNS 33914 270 5 on on IN 33914 270 6 the the DT 33914 270 7 proximal proximal JJ 33914 270 8 end end NN 33914 270 9 of of IN 33914 270 10 the the DT 33914 270 11 lateral lateral JJ 33914 270 12 edge edge NN 33914 270 13 of of IN 33914 270 14 the the DT 33914 270 15 tibial tibial JJ 33914 270 16 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 270 17 . . . 33914 271 1 The the DT 33914 271 2 anterior anterior JJ 33914 271 3 branch branch NN 33914 271 4 passes pass VBZ 33914 271 5 over over IN 33914 271 6 the the DT 33914 271 7 lateral lateral JJ 33914 271 8 surface surface NN 33914 271 9 of of IN 33914 271 10 the the DT 33914 271 11 external external JJ 33914 271 12 condyle condyle NN 33914 271 13 to to IN 33914 271 14 the the DT 33914 271 15 posterior posterior NN 33914 271 16 surface surface NN 33914 271 17 of of IN 33914 271 18 the the DT 33914 271 19 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 271 20 and and CC 33914 271 21 there there EX 33914 271 22 unites unite VBZ 33914 271 23 with with IN 33914 271 24 the the DT 33914 271 25 tendon tendon NN 33914 271 26 of of IN 33914 271 27 the the DT 33914 271 28 _ _ NNP 33914 271 29 m. m. NN 33914 272 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 272 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 272 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 272 4 III III NNP 33914 272 5 _ _ NNP 33914 272 6 . . . 33914 273 1 Action.--Extends action.--extends XX 33914 273 2 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NNP 33914 273 3 and and CC 33914 273 4 flexes flex VBZ 33914 273 5 third third JJ 33914 273 6 digit digit NN 33914 273 7 . . . 33914 274 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 274 2 significant significant JJ 33914 274 3 differences difference NNS 33914 274 4 noted note VBN 33914 274 5 among among IN 33914 274 6 the the DT 33914 274 7 species specie NNS 33914 274 8 studied study VBN 33914 274 9 . . . 33914 275 1 _ _ NNP 33914 275 2 + + DT 33914 275 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 275 4 peroneus peroneus NN 33914 275 5 brevis+ brevis+ NNP 33914 275 6 _ _ NNP 33914 275 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 275 8 Figs Figs NNP 33914 275 9 . . . 33914 276 1 2 2 CD 33914 276 2 , , , 33914 276 3 3).--Lying 3).--lye VBG 33914 276 4 along along IN 33914 276 5 the the DT 33914 276 6 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 276 7 surface surface NN 33914 276 8 of of IN 33914 276 9 the the DT 33914 276 10 tibia tibia NNP 33914 276 11 , , , 33914 276 12 this this DT 33914 276 13 slender slender NN 33914 276 14 , , , 33914 276 15 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 276 16 muscle muscle NN 33914 276 17 arises arise VBZ 33914 276 18 from from IN 33914 276 19 a a DT 33914 276 20 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 276 21 origin origin NN 33914 276 22 along along IN 33914 276 23 this this DT 33914 276 24 surface surface NN 33914 276 25 and and CC 33914 276 26 along along IN 33914 276 27 the the DT 33914 276 28 anterior anterior NN 33914 276 29 surface surface NN 33914 276 30 of of IN 33914 276 31 the the DT 33914 276 32 fibula fibula NN 33914 276 33 from from IN 33914 276 34 a a DT 33914 276 35 point point NN 33914 276 36 immediately immediately RB 33914 276 37 proximal proximal JJ 33914 276 38 to to IN 33914 276 39 the the DT 33914 276 40 insertion insertion NN 33914 276 41 of of IN 33914 276 42 the the DT 33914 276 43 _ _ NNP 33914 276 44 m. m. NN 33914 277 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 277 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 277 3 _ _ NNP 33914 277 4 to to IN 33914 277 5 a a DT 33914 277 6 point point NN 33914 277 7 approximately approximately RB 33914 277 8 two two CD 33914 277 9 - - HYPH 33914 277 10 thirds third NNS 33914 277 11 of of IN 33914 277 12 the the DT 33914 277 13 way way NN 33914 277 14 down down IN 33914 277 15 the the DT 33914 277 16 crus crus NN 33914 277 17 . . . 33914 278 1 Near near IN 33914 278 2 the the DT 33914 278 3 distal distal JJ 33914 278 4 end end NN 33914 278 5 of of IN 33914 278 6 the the DT 33914 278 7 tibia tibia NN 33914 278 8 the the DT 33914 278 9 muscle muscle NN 33914 278 10 gives give VBZ 33914 278 11 rise rise NN 33914 278 12 to to IN 33914 278 13 the the DT 33914 278 14 tendon tendon NN 33914 278 15 of of IN 33914 278 16 insertion insertion NN 33914 278 17 that that WDT 33914 278 18 passes pass VBZ 33914 278 19 through through IN 33914 278 20 a a DT 33914 278 21 groove groove NN 33914 278 22 on on IN 33914 278 23 the the DT 33914 278 24 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 278 25 edge edge NN 33914 278 26 of of IN 33914 278 27 the the DT 33914 278 28 tibia tibia NNP 33914 278 29 just just RB 33914 278 30 above above IN 33914 278 31 the the DT 33914 278 32 external external JJ 33914 278 33 condyle condyle NN 33914 278 34 . . . 33914 279 1 Here here RB 33914 279 2 the the DT 33914 279 3 tendon tendon NNP 33914 279 4 is be VBZ 33914 279 5 held hold VBN 33914 279 6 in in IN 33914 279 7 place place NN 33914 279 8 by by IN 33914 279 9 a a DT 33914 279 10 broad broad JJ 33914 279 11 fibrous fibrous JJ 33914 279 12 loop loop NN 33914 279 13 and and CC 33914 279 14 passes pass VBZ 33914 279 15 under under IN 33914 279 16 the the DT 33914 279 17 anterior anterior JJ 33914 279 18 branch branch NN 33914 279 19 of of IN 33914 279 20 the the DT 33914 279 21 tendon tendon NN 33914 279 22 of of IN 33914 279 23 insertion insertion NN 33914 279 24 of of IN 33914 279 25 the the DT 33914 279 26 _ _ NNP 33914 279 27 m. m. NN 33914 280 1 peroneus peroneus NNP 33914 280 2 longus longus NNP 33914 280 3 _ _ NNP 33914 280 4 and and CC 33914 280 5 inserts insert VBZ 33914 280 6 on on IN 33914 280 7 a a DT 33914 280 8 prominence prominence NN 33914 280 9 on on IN 33914 280 10 the the DT 33914 280 11 lateral lateral JJ 33914 280 12 edge edge NN 33914 280 13 of of IN 33914 280 14 the the DT 33914 280 15 proximal proximal JJ 33914 280 16 end end NN 33914 280 17 of of IN 33914 280 18 the the DT 33914 280 19 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 280 20 . . . 33914 281 1 Action.--Extends action.--extends XX 33914 281 2 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NNP 33914 281 3 and and CC 33914 281 4 may may MD 33914 281 5 abduct abduct VB 33914 281 6 it -PRON- PRP 33914 281 7 slightly slightly RB 33914 281 8 . . . 33914 282 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 282 2 significant significant JJ 33914 282 3 differences difference NNS 33914 282 4 noted note VBN 33914 282 5 among among IN 33914 282 6 the the DT 33914 282 7 species specie NNS 33914 282 8 studied study VBN 33914 282 9 . . . 33914 283 1 _ _ NNP 33914 283 2 + + NNP 33914 283 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 283 4 gastrocnemius+ gastrocnemius+ NNP 33914 283 5 _ _ NNP 33914 283 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 283 7 Figs Figs NNP 33914 283 8 . . . 33914 284 1 1 1 LS 33914 284 2 , , , 33914 284 3 4).--The 4).--the JJ 33914 284 4 largest large JJS 33914 284 5 muscle muscle NN 33914 284 6 of of IN 33914 284 7 the the DT 33914 284 8 pelvic pelvic JJ 33914 284 9 appendage appendage NN 33914 284 10 , , , 33914 284 11 it -PRON- PRP 33914 284 12 covers cover VBZ 33914 284 13 superficially superficially RB 33914 284 14 all all DT 33914 284 15 of of IN 33914 284 16 the the DT 33914 284 17 posterior posterior NN 33914 284 18 surface surface NN 33914 284 19 , , , 33914 284 20 most most JJS 33914 284 21 of of IN 33914 284 22 the the DT 33914 284 23 medial medial JJ 33914 284 24 surface surface NN 33914 284 25 , , , 33914 284 26 and and CC 33914 284 27 half half NN 33914 284 28 of of IN 33914 284 29 the the DT 33914 284 30 lateral lateral JJ 33914 284 31 surface surface NN 33914 284 32 of of IN 33914 284 33 the the DT 33914 284 34 crus crus NN 33914 284 35 . . . 33914 285 1 The the DT 33914 285 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 285 3 originates originate VBZ 33914 285 4 by by IN 33914 285 5 three three CD 33914 285 6 distinct distinct JJ 33914 285 7 heads head NNS 33914 285 8 . . . 33914 286 1 The the DT 33914 286 2 _ _ NNP 33914 286 3 pars par NNS 33914 286 4 externa externa NNP 33914 286 5 _ _ NNP 33914 286 6 covers cover VBZ 33914 286 7 the the DT 33914 286 8 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 286 9 surface surface NN 33914 286 10 of of IN 33914 286 11 the the DT 33914 286 12 crus crus NN 33914 286 13 , , , 33914 286 14 is be VBZ 33914 286 15 intermediate intermediate JJ 33914 286 16 in in IN 33914 286 17 size size NN 33914 286 18 between between IN 33914 286 19 the the DT 33914 286 20 other other JJ 33914 286 21 two two CD 33914 286 22 heads head NNS 33914 286 23 , , , 33914 286 24 and and CC 33914 286 25 arises arise VBZ 33914 286 26 by by IN 33914 286 27 a a DT 33914 286 28 short short JJ 33914 286 29 , , , 33914 286 30 strong strong JJ 33914 286 31 tendon tendon NNP 33914 286 32 from from IN 33914 286 33 a a DT 33914 286 34 small small JJ 33914 286 35 bony bony NN 33914 286 36 protuberance protuberance NN 33914 286 37 on on IN 33914 286 38 the the DT 33914 286 39 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 286 40 side side NN 33914 286 41 of of IN 33914 286 42 the the DT 33914 286 43 distal distal JJ 33914 286 44 end end NN 33914 286 45 of of IN 33914 286 46 the the DT 33914 286 47 femur femur NN 33914 286 48 immediately immediately RB 33914 286 49 proximal proximal JJ 33914 286 50 to to IN 33914 286 51 the the DT 33914 286 52 fibular fibular JJ 33914 286 53 condyle condyle NN 33914 286 54 . . . 33914 287 1 The the DT 33914 287 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 287 3 is be VBZ 33914 287 4 intimately intimately RB 33914 287 5 connected connect VBN 33914 287 6 with with IN 33914 287 7 the the DT 33914 287 8 distal distal JJ 33914 287 9 arm arm NN 33914 287 10 of of IN 33914 287 11 the the DT 33914 287 12 loop loop NN 33914 287 13 for for IN 33914 287 14 the the DT 33914 287 15 _ _ NNP 33914 287 16 m. m. NN 33914 288 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 288 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 288 3 _ _ NNP 33914 288 4 . . . 33914 289 1 The the DT 33914 289 2 _ _ NNP 33914 289 3 pars par NNS 33914 289 4 media medium NNS 33914 289 5 _ _ NNP 33914 289 6 is be VBZ 33914 289 7 the the DT 33914 289 8 smallest small JJS 33914 289 9 of of IN 33914 289 10 the the DT 33914 289 11 three three CD 33914 289 12 heads head NNS 33914 289 13 and and CC 33914 289 14 lies lie VBZ 33914 289 15 on on IN 33914 289 16 the the DT 33914 289 17 medial medial JJ 33914 289 18 surface surface NN 33914 289 19 of of IN 33914 289 20 the the DT 33914 289 21 crus crus NN 33914 289 22 . . . 33914 290 1 The the DT 33914 290 2 head head NN 33914 290 3 of of IN 33914 290 4 the the DT 33914 290 5 _ _ NNP 33914 290 6 pars par NNS 33914 290 7 media medium NNS 33914 290 8 _ _ NNP 33914 290 9 is be VBZ 33914 290 10 separated separate VBN 33914 290 11 from from IN 33914 290 12 the the DT 33914 290 13 _ _ NNP 33914 290 14 pars par NNS 33914 290 15 interna interna NNP 33914 290 16 _ _ NNP 33914 290 17 by by IN 33914 290 18 the the DT 33914 290 19 tendon tendon NN 33914 290 20 of of IN 33914 290 21 insertion insertion NN 33914 290 22 of of IN 33914 290 23 the the DT 33914 290 24 _ _ NNP 33914 290 25 m. m. NN 33914 291 1 semimembranosus semimembranosus NNP 33914 291 2 _ _ NNP 33914 291 3 and and CC 33914 291 4 originates originate VBZ 33914 291 5 by by IN 33914 291 6 a a DT 33914 291 7 short short JJ 33914 291 8 , , , 33914 291 9 strong strong JJ 33914 291 10 tendon tendon NNP 33914 291 11 from from IN 33914 291 12 the the DT 33914 291 13 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 291 14 surface surface NN 33914 291 15 of of IN 33914 291 16 the the DT 33914 291 17 proximal proximal JJ 33914 291 18 end end NN 33914 291 19 of of IN 33914 291 20 the the DT 33914 291 21 internal internal JJ 33914 291 22 condyle condyle NN 33914 291 23 of of IN 33914 291 24 the the DT 33914 291 25 femur femur NN 33914 291 26 . . . 33914 292 1 The the DT 33914 292 2 proximal proximal JJ 33914 292 3 portion portion NN 33914 292 4 of of IN 33914 292 5 the the DT 33914 292 6 _ _ NNP 33914 292 7 pars par NNS 33914 292 8 media medium NNS 33914 292 9 _ _ NNP 33914 292 10 has have VBZ 33914 292 11 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 292 12 connections connection NNS 33914 292 13 with with IN 33914 292 14 the the DT 33914 292 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 292 16 of of IN 33914 292 17 the the DT 33914 292 18 _ _ NNP 33914 292 19 m. m. NN 33914 293 1 semitendinosus semitendinosus NNP 33914 293 2 _ _ NNP 33914 293 3 and and CC 33914 293 4 with with IN 33914 293 5 the the DT 33914 293 6 _ _ NNP 33914 293 7 pars par NNS 33914 293 8 posticus posticus NNP 33914 293 9 _ _ NNP 33914 293 10 of of IN 33914 293 11 the the DT 33914 293 12 _ _ NNP 33914 293 13 m. m. NN 33914 294 1 adductor adductor NNP 33914 294 2 longus longus NNP 33914 294 3 et et NNP 33914 294 4 brevis brevis FW 33914 294 5 _ _ NNP 33914 294 6 . . . 33914 295 1 The the DT 33914 295 2 _ _ NNP 33914 295 3 pars par NNS 33914 295 4 interna interna NNP 33914 295 5 _ _ NNP 33914 295 6 is be VBZ 33914 295 7 the the DT 33914 295 8 largest large JJS 33914 295 9 of of IN 33914 295 10 the the DT 33914 295 11 three three CD 33914 295 12 heads head NNS 33914 295 13 and and CC 33914 295 14 covers cover VBZ 33914 295 15 most most JJS 33914 295 16 of of IN 33914 295 17 the the DT 33914 295 18 medial medial JJ 33914 295 19 surface surface NN 33914 295 20 of of IN 33914 295 21 the the DT 33914 295 22 crus crus NN 33914 295 23 . . . 33914 296 1 This this DT 33914 296 2 head head NN 33914 296 3 in in IN 33914 296 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 296 5 proximal proximal JJ 33914 296 6 portion portion NN 33914 296 7 is be VBZ 33914 296 8 distinctly distinctly RB 33914 296 9 divided divide VBN 33914 296 10 into into IN 33914 296 11 anterior anterior JJ 33914 296 12 and and CC 33914 296 13 posterior posterior NN 33914 296 14 parts part NNS 33914 296 15 , , , 33914 296 16 the the DT 33914 296 17 former former JJ 33914 296 18 overlapping overlapping NN 33914 296 19 the the DT 33914 296 20 latter latter JJ 33914 296 21 medially medially RB 33914 296 22 . . . 33914 297 1 The the DT 33914 297 2 origin origin NN 33914 297 3 of of IN 33914 297 4 the the DT 33914 297 5 posterior posterior NNP 33914 297 6 part part NN 33914 297 7 is be VBZ 33914 297 8 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 297 9 from from IN 33914 297 10 the the DT 33914 297 11 anterior anterior NN 33914 297 12 half half NN 33914 297 13 of of IN 33914 297 14 the the DT 33914 297 15 tibial tibial JJ 33914 297 16 head head NN 33914 297 17 . . . 33914 298 1 Some some DT 33914 298 2 of of IN 33914 298 3 the the DT 33914 298 4 fibers fiber NNS 33914 298 5 of of IN 33914 298 6 the the DT 33914 298 7 anterior anterior JJ 33914 298 8 part part NN 33914 298 9 arise arise VBP 33914 298 10 directly directly RB 33914 298 11 from from IN 33914 298 12 the the DT 33914 298 13 inner inner JJ 33914 298 14 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 298 15 crest crest NN 33914 298 16 while while IN 33914 298 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 298 18 remaining remain VBG 33914 298 19 fibers fiber NNS 33914 298 20 arise arise VBP 33914 298 21 from from IN 33914 298 22 the the DT 33914 298 23 patellar patellar JJ 33914 298 24 tendon tendon NNP 33914 298 25 ( ( -LRB- 33914 298 26 Fig fig NN 33914 298 27 . . . 33914 299 1 1 1 LS 33914 299 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 299 3 and and CC 33914 299 4 form form VB 33914 299 5 a a DT 33914 299 6 band band NN 33914 299 7 that that WDT 33914 299 8 extends extend VBZ 33914 299 9 around around IN 33914 299 10 the the DT 33914 299 11 anterior anterior NNP 33914 299 12 surface surface NN 33914 299 13 of of IN 33914 299 14 the the DT 33914 299 15 knee knee NN 33914 299 16 , , , 33914 299 17 covering cover VBG 33914 299 18 the the DT 33914 299 19 insertion insertion NN 33914 299 20 of of IN 33914 299 21 the the DT 33914 299 22 _ _ NNP 33914 299 23 m. m. NN 33914 300 1 sartorius sartorius NNP 33914 300 2 _ _ NNP 33914 300 3 . . . 33914 301 1 Approximately approximately RB 33914 301 2 half half JJ 33914 301 3 way way NN 33914 301 4 down down IN 33914 301 5 the the DT 33914 301 6 crus crus NN 33914 301 7 , , , 33914 301 8 the the DT 33914 301 9 three three CD 33914 301 10 heads head NNS 33914 301 11 give give VBP 33914 301 12 rise rise NN 33914 301 13 to to IN 33914 301 14 the the DT 33914 301 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 301 16 of of IN 33914 301 17 insertion insertion NN 33914 301 18 , , , 33914 301 19 the the DT 33914 301 20 _ _ NNP 33914 301 21 tendo tendo NN 33914 301 22 achillis achillis NNP 33914 301 23 _ _ NNP 33914 301 24 , , , 33914 301 25 which which WDT 33914 301 26 passes pass VBZ 33914 301 27 over over RP 33914 301 28 and and CC 33914 301 29 is be VBZ 33914 301 30 tightly tightly RB 33914 301 31 bound bind VBN 33914 301 32 to to IN 33914 301 33 the the DT 33914 301 34 posterior posterior NN 33914 301 35 surface surface NN 33914 301 36 of of IN 33914 301 37 the the DT 33914 301 38 tibial tibial JJ 33914 301 39 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 301 40 . . . 33914 302 1 The the DT 33914 302 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 302 3 is be VBZ 33914 302 4 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 302 5 on on IN 33914 302 6 the the DT 33914 302 7 posterior posterior NN 33914 302 8 surface surface NN 33914 302 9 of of IN 33914 302 10 the the DT 33914 302 11 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 302 12 and and CC 33914 302 13 along along IN 33914 302 14 the the DT 33914 302 15 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 302 16 ridge ridge NN 33914 302 17 of of IN 33914 302 18 the the DT 33914 302 19 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 302 20 . . . 33914 303 1 This this DT 33914 303 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 303 3 seems seem VBZ 33914 303 4 to to TO 33914 303 5 be be VB 33914 303 6 continuous continuous JJ 33914 303 7 with with IN 33914 303 8 a a DT 33914 303 9 fascia fascia NN 33914 303 10 which which WDT 33914 303 11 forms form VBZ 33914 303 12 a a DT 33914 303 13 sheath sheath NN 33914 303 14 around around IN 33914 303 15 the the DT 33914 303 16 posterior posterior NN 33914 303 17 surface surface NN 33914 303 18 of of IN 33914 303 19 the the DT 33914 303 20 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 303 21 holding hold VBG 33914 303 22 the the DT 33914 303 23 other other JJ 33914 303 24 tendons tendon NNS 33914 303 25 of of IN 33914 303 26 this this DT 33914 303 27 region region NN 33914 303 28 firmly firmly RB 33914 303 29 in in IN 33914 303 30 the the DT 33914 303 31 posterior posterior NNP 33914 303 32 sulcus sulcus NNP 33914 303 33 . . . 33914 304 1 Action.--Extends action.--extends CD 33914 304 2 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NNP 33914 304 3 . . . 33914 305 1 Comparison.--Study Comparison.--Study NNP 33914 305 2 of of IN 33914 305 3 the the DT 33914 305 4 _ _ NNP 33914 305 5 pars par NNS 33914 305 6 externa externa NNP 33914 305 7 _ _ NNP 33914 305 8 and and CC 33914 305 9 _ _ NNP 33914 305 10 pars par NNS 33914 305 11 media medium NNS 33914 305 12 _ _ NNP 33914 305 13 reveals reveal VBZ 33914 305 14 no no DT 33914 305 15 significant significant JJ 33914 305 16 differences difference NNS 33914 305 17 among among IN 33914 305 18 the the DT 33914 305 19 species specie NNS 33914 305 20 dissected dissect VBD 33914 305 21 . . . 33914 306 1 The the DT 33914 306 2 _ _ NNP 33914 306 3 pars par NNS 33914 306 4 interna interna NNP 33914 306 5 _ _ NNP 33914 306 6 , , , 33914 306 7 however however RB 33914 306 8 , , , 33914 306 9 is be VBZ 33914 306 10 subject subject JJ 33914 306 11 to to IN 33914 306 12 some some DT 33914 306 13 variation variation NN 33914 306 14 which which WDT 33914 306 15 is be VBZ 33914 306 16 described describe VBN 33914 306 17 below below RB 33914 306 18 . . . 33914 307 1 _ _ NNP 33914 307 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 307 3 interna interna NNP 33914 307 4 _ _ NNP 33914 307 5 bipartite bipartite NN 33914 307 6 _ _ NNP 33914 307 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 307 8 _ _ NNP 33914 307 9 _ _ NNP 33914 307 10 Chlorura Chlorura NNP 33914 307 11 _ _ NNP 33914 307 12 _ _ NNP 33914 307 13 Seiurus Seiurus NNP 33914 307 14 _ _ NNP 33914 307 15 _ _ NNP 33914 307 16 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 307 17 _ _ NNP 33914 307 18 _ _ NNP 33914 307 19 Icterus Icterus NNP 33914 307 20 _ _ NNP 33914 307 21 _ _ NNP 33914 307 22 Calamospiza Calamospiza NNP 33914 307 23 _ _ NNP 33914 307 24 _ _ NNP 33914 307 25 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 307 26 _ _ NNP 33914 307 27 _ _ NNP 33914 307 28 Chondestes Chondestes NNPS 33914 307 29 _ _ NNP 33914 307 30 _ _ NNP 33914 307 31 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 307 32 _ _ NNP 33914 307 33 _ _ NNP 33914 307 34 Junco Junco NNP 33914 307 35 _ _ NNP 33914 307 36 _ _ NNP 33914 307 37 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 307 38 _ _ NNP 33914 307 39 _ _ NNP 33914 307 40 Spizella Spizella NNP 33914 307 41 _ _ NNP 33914 307 42 _ _ NNP 33914 307 43 Guiraca Guiraca NNP 33914 307 44 _ _ NNP 33914 307 45 _ _ NNP 33914 307 46 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 307 47 _ _ NNP 33914 307 48 _ _ NNP 33914 307 49 Passerina Passerina NNP 33914 307 50 _ _ NNP 33914 307 51 _ _ NNP 33914 307 52 Passerella Passerella NNP 33914 307 53 _ _ NNP 33914 307 54 _ _ NNP 33914 307 55 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 307 56 _ _ NNP 33914 307 57 _ _ NNP 33914 307 58 Calcarius Calcarius NNP 33914 307 59 _ _ NNP 33914 307 60 The the DT 33914 307 61 two two CD 33914 307 62 parts part NNS 33914 307 63 of of IN 33914 307 64 the the DT 33914 307 65 _ _ NNP 33914 307 66 m. m. NN 33914 308 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 308 2 _ _ NNP 33914 308 3 are be VBP 33914 308 4 most most RBS 33914 308 5 distinct distinct JJ 33914 308 6 in in IN 33914 308 7 _ _ NNP 33914 308 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 308 9 _ _ NNP 33914 308 10 . . . 33914 309 1 _ _ NNP 33914 309 2 Icterus Icterus NNP 33914 309 3 _ _ NNP 33914 309 4 , , , 33914 309 5 _ _ NNP 33914 309 6 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 309 7 _ _ NNP 33914 309 8 , , , 33914 309 9 _ _ NNP 33914 309 10 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 309 11 _ _ NNP 33914 309 12 , , , 33914 309 13 _ _ NNP 33914 309 14 Guiraca Guiraca NNP 33914 309 15 _ _ NNP 33914 309 16 , , , 33914 309 17 and and CC 33914 309 18 _ _ NNP 33914 309 19 Passerina Passerina NNP 33914 309 20 _ _ NNP 33914 309 21 lack lack VBP 33914 309 22 the the DT 33914 309 23 fibrous fibrous JJ 33914 309 24 band band NN 33914 309 25 that that WDT 33914 309 26 passes pass VBZ 33914 309 27 around around IN 33914 309 28 the the DT 33914 309 29 front front NN 33914 309 30 of of IN 33914 309 31 the the DT 33914 309 32 knee knee NN 33914 309 33 . . . 33914 310 1 In in IN 33914 310 2 _ _ NNP 33914 310 3 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 310 4 _ _ NNP 33914 310 5 this this DT 33914 310 6 band band NN 33914 310 7 of of IN 33914 310 8 fibers fiber NNS 33914 310 9 is be VBZ 33914 310 10 smaller small JJR 33914 310 11 than than IN 33914 310 12 in in IN 33914 310 13 the the DT 33914 310 14 other other JJ 33914 310 15 species specie NNS 33914 310 16 . . . 33914 311 1 _ _ NNP 33914 311 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 311 3 interna interna NNP 33914 311 4 _ _ NNP 33914 311 5 undivided undivided JJ 33914 311 6 _ _ NNP 33914 311 7 Passer Passer NNP 33914 311 8 _ _ NNP 33914 311 9 _ _ NNP 33914 311 10 Pinicola Pinicola NNP 33914 311 11 _ _ NNP 33914 311 12 _ _ NNP 33914 311 13 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 311 14 _ _ NNP 33914 311 15 _ _ NNP 33914 311 16 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 311 17 _ _ NNP 33914 311 18 _ _ NNP 33914 311 19 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 311 20 _ _ NNP 33914 311 21 _ _ NNP 33914 311 22 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 311 23 _ _ NNP 33914 311 24 _ _ NNP 33914 311 25 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 311 26 _ _ NNP 33914 311 27 _ _ NNP 33914 311 28 Loxia Loxia NNP 33914 311 29 _ _ NNP 33914 311 30 _ _ NNP 33914 311 31 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 311 32 _ _ NNP 33914 311 33 In in IN 33914 311 34 _ _ NNP 33914 311 35 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 311 36 _ _ NNP 33914 311 37 , , , 33914 311 38 although although IN 33914 311 39 the the DT 33914 311 40 _ _ NNP 33914 311 41 pars par NNS 33914 311 42 interna interna NNP 33914 311 43 _ _ NNP 33914 311 44 is be VBZ 33914 311 45 undivided undivided JJ 33914 311 46 , , , 33914 311 47 there there EX 33914 311 48 is be VBZ 33914 311 49 a a DT 33914 311 50 band band NN 33914 311 51 of of IN 33914 311 52 fibers fiber NNS 33914 311 53 which which WDT 33914 311 54 extends extend VBZ 33914 311 55 around around IN 33914 311 56 the the DT 33914 311 57 front front NN 33914 311 58 of of IN 33914 311 59 the the DT 33914 311 60 knee knee NN 33914 311 61 ( ( -LRB- 33914 311 62 see see VB 33914 311 63 discussion discussion NN 33914 311 64 , , , 33914 311 65 p. p. NN 33914 311 66 183 183 CD 33914 311 67 ) ) -RRB- 33914 311 68 . . . 33914 312 1 _ _ NNP 33914 312 2 + + NNP 33914 312 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 312 4 plantaris+ plantaris+ NNP 33914 312 5 _ _ NNP 33914 312 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 312 7 Fig Fig NNP 33914 312 8 . . . 33914 313 1 5).--Small 5).--small CD 33914 313 2 and and CC 33914 313 3 slender slender NN 33914 313 4 , , , 33914 313 5 this this DT 33914 313 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 313 7 lies lie VBZ 33914 313 8 on on IN 33914 313 9 the the DT 33914 313 10 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 313 11 surface surface NN 33914 313 12 of of IN 33914 313 13 the the DT 33914 313 14 crus crus NN 33914 313 15 , , , 33914 313 16 beneath beneath IN 33914 313 17 the the DT 33914 313 18 _ _ NNP 33914 313 19 pars par NNS 33914 313 20 interna interna NNP 33914 313 21 _ _ NNP 33914 313 22 of of IN 33914 313 23 the the DT 33914 313 24 _ _ NNP 33914 313 25 m. m. NN 33914 314 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 314 2 _ _ NNP 33914 314 3 and and CC 33914 314 4 originates originate VBZ 33914 314 5 by by IN 33914 314 6 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 314 7 fibers fiber NNS 33914 314 8 from from IN 33914 314 9 the the DT 33914 314 10 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 314 11 surface surface NN 33914 314 12 of of IN 33914 314 13 the the DT 33914 314 14 proximal proximal JJ 33914 314 15 end end NN 33914 314 16 of of IN 33914 314 17 the the DT 33914 314 18 tibia tibia NN 33914 314 19 immediately immediately RB 33914 314 20 distal distal JJ 33914 314 21 to to IN 33914 314 22 the the DT 33914 314 23 internal internal JJ 33914 314 24 articular articular NNP 33914 314 25 surface surface NN 33914 314 26 . . . 33914 315 1 The the DT 33914 315 2 belly belly NN 33914 315 3 extends extend VBZ 33914 315 4 approximately approximately RB 33914 315 5 one one CD 33914 315 6 - - HYPH 33914 315 7 sixth sixth JJ 33914 315 8 of of IN 33914 315 9 the the DT 33914 315 10 way way NN 33914 315 11 down down IN 33914 315 12 the the DT 33914 315 13 crus crus NN 33914 315 14 and and CC 33914 315 15 gives give VBZ 33914 315 16 rise rise NN 33914 315 17 to to IN 33914 315 18 a a DT 33914 315 19 long long JJ 33914 315 20 , , , 33914 315 21 slender slender NN 33914 315 22 tendon tendon NNP 33914 315 23 that that IN 33914 315 24 inserts insert NNS 33914 315 25 on on IN 33914 315 26 the the DT 33914 315 27 proximomedial proximomedial JJ 33914 315 28 edge edge NN 33914 315 29 of of IN 33914 315 30 the the DT 33914 315 31 tibial tibial JJ 33914 315 32 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 315 33 . . . 33914 316 1 Action.--Extends action.--extends CD 33914 316 2 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NNP 33914 316 3 . . . 33914 317 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 317 2 significant significant JJ 33914 317 3 differences difference NNS 33914 317 4 noted note VBN 33914 317 5 among among IN 33914 317 6 the the DT 33914 317 7 species specie NNS 33914 317 8 studied study VBN 33914 317 9 . . . 33914 318 1 _ _ NNP 33914 318 2 + + DT 33914 318 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 318 4 flexor flexor NN 33914 318 5 perforatus perforatus NN 33914 318 6 digiti digiti VBP 33914 318 7 II+ II+ NNP 33914 318 8 _ _ NNP 33914 318 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 318 10 Figs Figs NNP 33914 318 11 . . . 33914 319 1 3 3 LS 33914 319 2 , , , 33914 319 3 9).--This 9).--this DT 33914 319 4 is be VBZ 33914 319 5 a a DT 33914 319 6 slender slend JJR 33914 319 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 319 8 which which WDT 33914 319 9 lies lie VBZ 33914 319 10 on on IN 33914 319 11 the the DT 33914 319 12 lateral lateral JJ 33914 319 13 side side NN 33914 319 14 of of IN 33914 319 15 the the DT 33914 319 16 crus crus NN 33914 319 17 beneath beneath IN 33914 319 18 the the DT 33914 319 19 _ _ NNP 33914 319 20 pars par NNS 33914 319 21 externa externa NNP 33914 319 22 _ _ NNP 33914 319 23 of of IN 33914 319 24 the the DT 33914 319 25 _ _ NNP 33914 319 26 m. m. NN 33914 320 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 320 2 _ _ NNP 33914 320 3 and and CC 33914 320 4 is be VBZ 33914 320 5 intimately intimately RB 33914 320 6 connected connect VBN 33914 320 7 anteromedially anteromedially RB 33914 320 8 with with IN 33914 320 9 the the DT 33914 320 10 _ _ NNP 33914 320 11 m. m. NN 33914 321 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 321 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 321 3 longus longus NNP 33914 321 4 _ _ NNP 33914 321 5 and and CC 33914 321 6 posteromedially posteromedially RB 33914 321 7 with with IN 33914 321 8 the the DT 33914 321 9 _ _ NNP 33914 321 10 m. m. NN 33914 322 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 322 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 322 3 longus longus NNP 33914 322 4 _ _ NNP 33914 322 5 . . . 33914 323 1 The the DT 33914 323 2 origin origin NN 33914 323 3 is be VBZ 33914 323 4 by by IN 33914 323 5 a a DT 33914 323 6 strong strong JJ 33914 323 7 tendon tendon NN 33914 323 8 from from IN 33914 323 9 the the DT 33914 323 10 lateral lateral JJ 33914 323 11 surface surface NN 33914 323 12 of of IN 33914 323 13 the the DT 33914 323 14 external external JJ 33914 323 15 condyle condyle NN 33914 323 16 of of IN 33914 323 17 the the DT 33914 323 18 femur femur NN 33914 323 19 at at IN 33914 323 20 the the DT 33914 323 21 point point NN 33914 323 22 of of IN 33914 323 23 origin origin NN 33914 323 24 of of IN 33914 323 25 the the DT 33914 323 26 _ _ NNP 33914 323 27 m. m. NN 33914 324 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 324 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 324 3 et et NNP 33914 324 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 324 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 324 6 II II NNP 33914 324 7 _ _ NNP 33914 324 8 . . . 33914 325 1 This this DT 33914 325 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 325 3 serves serve VBZ 33914 325 4 also also RB 33914 325 5 as as IN 33914 325 6 the the DT 33914 325 7 origin origin NN 33914 325 8 of of IN 33914 325 9 the the DT 33914 325 10 anterior anterior JJ 33914 325 11 head head NN 33914 325 12 of of IN 33914 325 13 the the DT 33914 325 14 _ _ NNP 33914 325 15 m. m. NN 33914 326 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 326 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 326 3 longus longus NNP 33914 326 4 _ _ NNP 33914 326 5 . . . 33914 327 1 The the DT 33914 327 2 tendon tendon JJ 33914 327 3 connects connect NNS 33914 327 4 also also RB 33914 327 5 by by IN 33914 327 6 a a DT 33914 327 7 broad broad JJ 33914 327 8 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 327 9 band band NN 33914 327 10 with with IN 33914 327 11 the the DT 33914 327 12 distal distal JJ 33914 327 13 arm arm NN 33914 327 14 of of IN 33914 327 15 the the DT 33914 327 16 loop loop NN 33914 327 17 for for IN 33914 327 18 the the DT 33914 327 19 _ _ NNP 33914 327 20 m. m. NN 33914 328 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 328 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 328 3 _ _ NNP 33914 328 4 and and CC 33914 328 5 by by IN 33914 328 6 a a DT 33914 328 7 similar similar JJ 33914 328 8 band band NN 33914 328 9 with with IN 33914 328 10 the the DT 33914 328 11 lateral lateral JJ 33914 328 12 edge edge NN 33914 328 13 of of IN 33914 328 14 the the DT 33914 328 15 fibula fibula NN 33914 328 16 immediately immediately RB 33914 328 17 distal distal JJ 33914 328 18 to to IN 33914 328 19 the the DT 33914 328 20 head head NN 33914 328 21 . . . 33914 329 1 The the DT 33914 329 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 329 3 of of IN 33914 329 4 insertion insertion NN 33914 329 5 passes pass VBZ 33914 329 6 distally distally RB 33914 329 7 , , , 33914 329 8 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 329 9 the the DT 33914 329 10 tibial tibial JJ 33914 329 11 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 329 12 near near IN 33914 329 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 329 14 lateral lateral JJ 33914 329 15 edge edge NN 33914 329 16 , , , 33914 329 17 traverses traverse VBZ 33914 329 18 the the DT 33914 329 19 middle middle NNP 33914 329 20 medial medial NNP 33914 329 21 canal canal NN 33914 329 22 of of IN 33914 329 23 the the DT 33914 329 24 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 329 25 ( ( -LRB- 33914 329 26 Fig fig NN 33914 329 27 . . . 33914 330 1 6 6 LS 33914 330 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 330 3 , , , 33914 330 4 and and CC 33914 330 5 passes pass VBZ 33914 330 6 distally distally RB 33914 330 7 to to IN 33914 330 8 the the DT 33914 330 9 foot foot NN 33914 330 10 . . . 33914 331 1 At at IN 33914 331 2 the the DT 33914 331 3 distal distal JJ 33914 331 4 end end NN 33914 331 5 of of IN 33914 331 6 the the DT 33914 331 7 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 331 8 the the DT 33914 331 9 tendon tendon NNP 33914 331 10 is be VBZ 33914 331 11 held hold VBN 33914 331 12 against against IN 33914 331 13 the the DT 33914 331 14 medial medial JJ 33914 331 15 surface surface NN 33914 331 16 of of IN 33914 331 17 the the DT 33914 331 18 first first JJ 33914 331 19 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 331 20 by by IN 33914 331 21 a a DT 33914 331 22 straplike straplike NN 33914 331 23 sheath sheath NN 33914 331 24 . . . 33914 332 1 The the DT 33914 332 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 332 3 then then RB 33914 332 4 passes pass VBZ 33914 332 5 over over IN 33914 332 6 a a DT 33914 332 7 sesamoid sesamoid JJ 33914 332 8 bone bone NN 33914 332 9 between between IN 33914 332 10 the the DT 33914 332 11 first first JJ 33914 332 12 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 332 13 and and CC 33914 332 14 the the DT 33914 332 15 base base NN 33914 332 16 of of IN 33914 332 17 the the DT 33914 332 18 second second JJ 33914 332 19 digit digit NN 33914 332 20 and and CC 33914 332 21 is be VBZ 33914 332 22 bound bind VBN 33914 332 23 to to IN 33914 332 24 this this DT 33914 332 25 bone bone NN 33914 332 26 by by IN 33914 332 27 a a DT 33914 332 28 sheath sheath NN 33914 332 29 . . . 33914 333 1 The the DT 33914 333 2 tendon tendon JJ 33914 333 3 inserts insert NNS 33914 333 4 mainly mainly RB 33914 333 5 along along IN 33914 333 6 the the DT 33914 333 7 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 333 8 edge edge NN 33914 333 9 of of IN 33914 333 10 the the DT 33914 333 11 proximal proximal JJ 33914 333 12 end end NN 33914 333 13 of of IN 33914 333 14 the the DT 33914 333 15 first first JJ 33914 333 16 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 333 17 of of IN 33914 333 18 the the DT 33914 333 19 second second JJ 33914 333 20 digit digit NN 33914 333 21 , , , 33914 333 22 although although IN 33914 333 23 the the DT 33914 333 24 termination termination NN 33914 333 25 is be VBZ 33914 333 26 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 333 27 and and CC 33914 333 28 covers cover VBZ 33914 333 29 the the DT 33914 333 30 entire entire JJ 33914 333 31 posterior posterior NN 33914 333 32 surface surface NN 33914 333 33 of of IN 33914 333 34 this this DT 33914 333 35 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 333 36 . . . 33914 334 1 This this DT 33914 334 2 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 334 3 termination termination NN 33914 334 4 is be VBZ 33914 334 5 perforated perforate VBN 33914 334 6 by by IN 33914 334 7 the the DT 33914 334 8 tendons tendon NNS 33914 334 9 of of IN 33914 334 10 the the DT 33914 334 11 _ _ NNP 33914 334 12 m. m. NN 33914 335 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 335 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 335 3 et et NNP 33914 335 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 335 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 335 6 II II NNP 33914 335 7 _ _ NNP 33914 335 8 and and CC 33914 335 9 the the DT 33914 335 10 branch branch NN 33914 335 11 of of IN 33914 335 12 the the DT 33914 335 13 _ _ NNP 33914 335 14 m. m. NN 33914 336 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 336 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 336 3 longus longus NNP 33914 336 4 _ _ NNP 33914 336 5 that that WDT 33914 336 6 inserts insert VBZ 33914 336 7 on on IN 33914 336 8 the the DT 33914 336 9 second second JJ 33914 336 10 digit digit NN 33914 336 11 . . . 33914 337 1 Action.--Flexes action.--flexes LS 33914 337 2 second second JJ 33914 337 3 digit digit NN 33914 337 4 . . . 33914 338 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 338 2 _ _ NNP 33914 338 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 338 4 _ _ NNP 33914 338 5 this this DT 33914 338 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 338 7 is be VBZ 33914 338 8 larger large JJR 33914 338 9 and and CC 33914 338 10 more more RBR 33914 338 11 deeply deeply RB 33914 338 12 situated situated JJ 33914 338 13 than than IN 33914 338 14 it -PRON- PRP 33914 338 15 is be VBZ 33914 338 16 in in IN 33914 338 17 the the DT 33914 338 18 other other JJ 33914 338 19 species specie NNS 33914 338 20 examined examine VBN 33914 338 21 and and CC 33914 338 22 has have VBZ 33914 338 23 no no DT 33914 338 24 connection connection NN 33914 338 25 with with IN 33914 338 26 the the DT 33914 338 27 _ _ NNP 33914 338 28 m. m. NN 33914 339 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 339 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 339 3 longus longus NNP 33914 339 4 _ _ NNP 33914 339 5 . . . 33914 340 1 _ _ NNP 33914 340 2 + + DT 33914 340 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 340 4 flexor flexor NN 33914 340 5 perforatus perforatus NN 33914 340 6 digiti digiti NNP 33914 340 7 III+ III+ NNP 33914 340 8 _ _ NNP 33914 340 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 340 10 Fig Fig NNP 33914 340 11 . . . 33914 341 1 5).--Long 5).--long CD 33914 341 2 and and CC 33914 341 3 flattened flatten VBN 33914 341 4 , , , 33914 341 5 this this DT 33914 341 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 341 7 lies lie VBZ 33914 341 8 on on IN 33914 341 9 the the DT 33914 341 10 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 341 11 side side NN 33914 341 12 of of IN 33914 341 13 the the DT 33914 341 14 crus crus NN 33914 341 15 beneath beneath IN 33914 341 16 the the DT 33914 341 17 _ _ NNP 33914 341 18 m. m. NN 33914 342 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 342 2 _ _ NNP 33914 342 3 . . . 33914 343 1 The the DT 33914 343 2 belly belly NN 33914 343 3 is be VBZ 33914 343 4 tightly tightly RB 33914 343 5 fused fuse VBN 33914 343 6 laterally laterally RB 33914 343 7 with with IN 33914 343 8 the the DT 33914 343 9 belly belly NN 33914 343 10 of of IN 33914 343 11 the the DT 33914 343 12 _ _ NNP 33914 343 13 m. m. NN 33914 344 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 344 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 344 3 longus longus NNP 33914 344 4 _ _ NNP 33914 344 5 and and CC 33914 344 6 posteriorly posteriorly RB 33914 344 7 with with IN 33914 344 8 the the DT 33914 344 9 belly belly NN 33914 344 10 of of IN 33914 344 11 the the DT 33914 344 12 _ _ NNP 33914 344 13 m. m. NN 33914 345 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 345 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 345 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 345 4 IV IV NNP 33914 345 5 _ _ NNP 33914 345 6 . . . 33914 346 1 The the DT 33914 346 2 origin origin NN 33914 346 3 is be VBZ 33914 346 4 by by IN 33914 346 5 a a DT 33914 346 6 long long JJ 33914 346 7 , , , 33914 346 8 strong strong JJ 33914 346 9 tendon tendon NNP 33914 346 10 from from IN 33914 346 11 a a DT 33914 346 12 small small JJ 33914 346 13 tubercle tubercle NN 33914 346 14 just just RB 33914 346 15 medial medial JJ 33914 346 16 to to IN 33914 346 17 , , , 33914 346 18 and and CC 33914 346 19 at at IN 33914 346 20 the the DT 33914 346 21 proximal proximal JJ 33914 346 22 end end NN 33914 346 23 of of IN 33914 346 24 , , , 33914 346 25 the the DT 33914 346 26 external external JJ 33914 346 27 condyle condyle NN 33914 346 28 of of IN 33914 346 29 the the DT 33914 346 30 femur femur NN 33914 346 31 . . . 33914 347 1 Below below IN 33914 347 2 the the DT 33914 347 3 middle middle NN 33914 347 4 of of IN 33914 347 5 the the DT 33914 347 6 crus crus NN 33914 347 7 this this DT 33914 347 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 347 9 terminates terminate NNS 33914 347 10 in in IN 33914 347 11 a a DT 33914 347 12 strong strong JJ 33914 347 13 tendon tendon NNP 33914 347 14 which which WDT 33914 347 15 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 347 16 the the DT 33914 347 17 tibial tibial JJ 33914 347 18 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 347 19 near near IN 33914 347 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 347 21 lateral lateral JJ 33914 347 22 edge edge NN 33914 347 23 . . . 33914 348 1 In in IN 33914 348 2 this this DT 33914 348 3 region region NN 33914 348 4 the the DT 33914 348 5 tendon tendon NNP 33914 348 6 is be VBZ 33914 348 7 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 348 8 and and CC 33914 348 9 wrapped wrap VBN 33914 348 10 around around IN 33914 348 11 the the DT 33914 348 12 tendon tendon NN 33914 348 13 of of IN 33914 348 14 the the DT 33914 348 15 _ _ NNP 33914 348 16 m. m. NN 33914 349 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 349 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 349 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 349 4 IV IV NNP 33914 349 5 _ _ NNP 33914 349 6 . . . 33914 350 1 These these DT 33914 350 2 two two CD 33914 350 3 tendons tendon NNS 33914 350 4 together together RB 33914 350 5 pass pass VB 33914 350 6 through through IN 33914 350 7 the the DT 33914 350 8 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 350 9 canal canal NN 33914 350 10 of of IN 33914 350 11 the the DT 33914 350 12 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 350 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 350 14 Fig fig NN 33914 350 15 . . . 33914 351 1 6 6 LS 33914 351 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 351 3 . . . 33914 352 1 Immediately immediately RB 33914 352 2 distal distal JJ 33914 352 3 to to IN 33914 352 4 the the DT 33914 352 5 hypotarsus hypotarsus NNP 33914 352 6 the the DT 33914 352 7 two two CD 33914 352 8 tendons tendon NNS 33914 352 9 separate separate VBP 33914 352 10 , , , 33914 352 11 and and CC 33914 352 12 the the DT 33914 352 13 tendon tendon NN 33914 352 14 of of IN 33914 352 15 the the DT 33914 352 16 _ _ NNP 33914 352 17 m. m. NN 33914 353 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 353 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 353 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 353 4 III III NNP 33914 353 5 _ _ NNP 33914 353 6 receives receive VBZ 33914 353 7 a a DT 33914 353 8 branch branch NN 33914 353 9 of of IN 33914 353 10 the the DT 33914 353 11 tendon tendon NN 33914 353 12 of of IN 33914 353 13 the the DT 33914 353 14 _ _ NNP 33914 353 15 m. m. NN 33914 354 1 peroneus peroneus NNP 33914 354 2 longus longus NNP 33914 354 3 _ _ NNP 33914 354 4 . . . 33914 355 1 The the DT 33914 355 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 355 3 passes pass VBZ 33914 355 4 distally distally RB 33914 355 5 over over IN 33914 355 6 the the DT 33914 355 7 surface surface NN 33914 355 8 of of IN 33914 355 9 the the DT 33914 355 10 second second JJ 33914 355 11 trochlea trochlea NN 33914 355 12 , , , 33914 355 13 and and CC 33914 355 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 355 15 insertion insertion NN 33914 355 16 is be VBZ 33914 355 17 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 355 18 on on IN 33914 355 19 the the DT 33914 355 20 posterior posterior NN 33914 355 21 surface surface NN 33914 355 22 of of IN 33914 355 23 the the DT 33914 355 24 first first JJ 33914 355 25 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 355 26 , , , 33914 355 27 and and CC 33914 355 28 on on IN 33914 355 29 the the DT 33914 355 30 proximal proximal JJ 33914 355 31 end end NN 33914 355 32 of of IN 33914 355 33 the the DT 33914 355 34 second second NN 33914 355 35 . . . 33914 356 1 In in IN 33914 356 2 the the DT 33914 356 3 area area NN 33914 356 4 of of IN 33914 356 5 insertion insertion NN 33914 356 6 this this DT 33914 356 7 tendon tendon NNP 33914 356 8 is be VBZ 33914 356 9 perforated perforate VBN 33914 356 10 by by IN 33914 356 11 that that DT 33914 356 12 of of IN 33914 356 13 the the DT 33914 356 14 _ _ NNP 33914 356 15 m. m. NN 33914 357 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 357 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 357 3 et et NNP 33914 357 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 357 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 357 6 III III NNP 33914 357 7 _ _ NNP 33914 357 8 and and CC 33914 357 9 by by IN 33914 357 10 that that DT 33914 357 11 of of IN 33914 357 12 the the DT 33914 357 13 _ _ NNP 33914 357 14 m. m. NN 33914 358 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 358 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 358 3 longus longus NNP 33914 358 4 _ _ NNP 33914 358 5 to to IN 33914 358 6 the the DT 33914 358 7 third third JJ 33914 358 8 digit digit NN 33914 358 9 . . . 33914 359 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 359 2 digit digit NNP 33914 359 3 III iii CD 33914 359 4 . . . 33914 360 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 360 2 _ _ NNP 33914 360 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 360 4 _ _ NNP 33914 360 5 , , , 33914 360 6 _ _ NNP 33914 360 7 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 360 8 _ _ NNP 33914 360 9 , , , 33914 360 10 _ _ NNP 33914 360 11 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 360 12 _ _ NNP 33914 360 13 , , , 33914 360 14 _ _ NNP 33914 360 15 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 360 16 _ _ NNP 33914 360 17 , , , 33914 360 18 _ _ NNP 33914 360 19 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 360 20 _ _ NNP 33914 360 21 , , , 33914 360 22 _ _ NNP 33914 360 23 Pinicola Pinicola NNP 33914 360 24 _ _ NNP 33914 360 25 , , , 33914 360 26 _ _ NNP 33914 360 27 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 360 28 _ _ NNP 33914 360 29 , , , 33914 360 30 _ _ NNP 33914 360 31 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 360 32 _ _ NNP 33914 360 33 , , , 33914 360 34 and and CC 33914 360 35 _ _ NNP 33914 360 36 Loxia Loxia NNP 33914 360 37 _ _ NNP 33914 360 38 the the DT 33914 360 39 edges edge NNS 33914 360 40 of of IN 33914 360 41 the the DT 33914 360 42 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 360 43 tendon tendon NNP 33914 360 44 are be VBP 33914 360 45 thickened thicken VBN 33914 360 46 at at IN 33914 360 47 the the DT 33914 360 48 points point NNS 33914 360 49 of of IN 33914 360 50 insertion insertion NN 33914 360 51 , , , 33914 360 52 so so IN 33914 360 53 that that IN 33914 360 54 the the DT 33914 360 55 tendon tendon NNP 33914 360 56 appears appear VBZ 33914 360 57 to to TO 33914 360 58 have have VB 33914 360 59 two two CD 33914 360 60 branches branch NNS 33914 360 61 which which WDT 33914 360 62 insert insert VBP 33914 360 63 along along IN 33914 360 64 the the DT 33914 360 65 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 360 66 edges edge NNS 33914 360 67 of of IN 33914 360 68 the the DT 33914 360 69 first first JJ 33914 360 70 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 360 71 and and CC 33914 360 72 are be VBP 33914 360 73 connected connect VBN 33914 360 74 medially medially RB 33914 360 75 by by IN 33914 360 76 a a DT 33914 360 77 fascia fascia NN 33914 360 78 . . . 33914 361 1 _ _ NNP 33914 361 2 + + DT 33914 361 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 361 4 flexor flexor NN 33914 361 5 perforatus perforatus NN 33914 361 6 digiti digiti VBP 33914 361 7 IV+ IV+ NNP 33914 361 8 _ _ NNP 33914 361 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 361 10 Fig fig NN 33914 361 11 . . . 33914 362 1 3).--Extending 3).--extende VBG 33914 362 2 along along IN 33914 362 3 the the DT 33914 362 4 posterior posterior JJ 33914 362 5 edge edge NN 33914 362 6 of of IN 33914 362 7 the the DT 33914 362 8 crus crus NN 33914 362 9 , , , 33914 362 10 this this DT 33914 362 11 slender slender NN 33914 362 12 muscle muscle NN 33914 362 13 lies lie VBZ 33914 362 14 beneath beneath IN 33914 362 15 the the DT 33914 362 16 _ _ NNP 33914 362 17 m. m. NN 33914 363 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 363 2 _ _ NNP 33914 363 3 . . . 33914 364 1 The the DT 33914 364 2 belly belly NN 33914 364 3 is be VBZ 33914 364 4 fused fuse VBN 33914 364 5 with with IN 33914 364 6 those those DT 33914 364 7 of of IN 33914 364 8 the the DT 33914 364 9 _ _ NNP 33914 364 10 m. m. NN 33914 365 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 365 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 365 3 longus longus NNP 33914 365 4 _ _ NNP 33914 365 5 and and CC 33914 365 6 _ _ NNP 33914 365 7 m. m. NN 33914 366 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 366 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 366 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 366 4 III III NNP 33914 366 5 _ _ NNP 33914 366 6 . . . 33914 367 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 367 2 origin origin NN 33914 367 3 is be VBZ 33914 367 4 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 367 5 from from IN 33914 367 6 the the DT 33914 367 7 intercondyloid intercondyloid NN 33914 367 8 region region NN 33914 367 9 of of IN 33914 367 10 the the DT 33914 367 11 distal distal JJ 33914 367 12 end end NN 33914 367 13 of of IN 33914 367 14 the the DT 33914 367 15 femur femur NN 33914 367 16 and and CC 33914 367 17 has have VBZ 33914 367 18 a a DT 33914 367 19 few few JJ 33914 367 20 fibers fiber NNS 33914 367 21 arising arise VBG 33914 367 22 from from IN 33914 367 23 the the DT 33914 367 24 tendon tendon NN 33914 367 25 of of IN 33914 367 26 origin origin NN 33914 367 27 of of IN 33914 367 28 the the DT 33914 367 29 _ _ NNP 33914 367 30 m. m. NN 33914 368 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 368 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 368 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 368 4 III III NNP 33914 368 5 _ _ NNP 33914 368 6 . . . 33914 369 1 Near near IN 33914 369 2 the the DT 33914 369 3 distal distal JJ 33914 369 4 end end NN 33914 369 5 of of IN 33914 369 6 the the DT 33914 369 7 crus crus NN 33914 369 8 the the DT 33914 369 9 muscle muscle NN 33914 369 10 gives give VBZ 33914 369 11 rise rise NN 33914 369 12 to to IN 33914 369 13 the the DT 33914 369 14 strong strong JJ 33914 369 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 369 16 of of IN 33914 369 17 insertion insertion NN 33914 369 18 which which WDT 33914 369 19 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 369 20 the the DT 33914 369 21 tibial tibial JJ 33914 369 22 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 369 23 near near IN 33914 369 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 369 25 lateral lateral JJ 33914 369 26 edge edge NN 33914 369 27 and and CC 33914 369 28 in in IN 33914 369 29 this this DT 33914 369 30 region region NN 33914 369 31 is be VBZ 33914 369 32 ensheathed ensheathe VBN 33914 369 33 by by IN 33914 369 34 the the DT 33914 369 35 tendon tendon NN 33914 369 36 of of IN 33914 369 37 the the DT 33914 369 38 _ _ NNP 33914 369 39 m. m. NN 33914 370 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 370 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 370 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 370 4 III III NNP 33914 370 5 _ _ NNP 33914 370 6 . . . 33914 371 1 The the DT 33914 371 2 two two CD 33914 371 3 tendons tendon NNS 33914 371 4 pass pass VBP 33914 371 5 together together RB 33914 371 6 through through IN 33914 371 7 the the DT 33914 371 8 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 371 9 canal canal NN 33914 371 10 of of IN 33914 371 11 the the DT 33914 371 12 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 371 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 371 14 Fig fig NN 33914 371 15 . . . 33914 372 1 6 6 LS 33914 372 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 372 3 . . . 33914 373 1 The the DT 33914 373 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 373 3 continues continue VBZ 33914 373 4 distally distally RB 33914 373 5 along along IN 33914 373 6 the the DT 33914 373 7 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 373 8 and and CC 33914 373 9 the the DT 33914 373 10 posterior posterior NN 33914 373 11 surface surface NN 33914 373 12 of of IN 33914 373 13 digit digit NN 33914 373 14 IV IV NNP 33914 373 15 . . . 33914 374 1 The the DT 33914 374 2 tendon tendon JJ 33914 374 3 bifurcates bifurcate NNS 33914 374 4 at at IN 33914 374 5 approximately approximately RB 33914 374 6 the the DT 33914 374 7 middle middle NN 33914 374 8 of of IN 33914 374 9 the the DT 33914 374 10 first first JJ 33914 374 11 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 374 12 . . . 33914 375 1 A a DT 33914 375 2 short short JJ 33914 375 3 lateral lateral JJ 33914 375 4 branch branch NN 33914 375 5 inserts insert NNS 33914 375 6 on on IN 33914 375 7 the the DT 33914 375 8 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 375 9 edge edge NN 33914 375 10 of of IN 33914 375 11 the the DT 33914 375 12 proximal proximal JJ 33914 375 13 end end NN 33914 375 14 of of IN 33914 375 15 the the DT 33914 375 16 second second JJ 33914 375 17 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 375 18 . . . 33914 376 1 The the DT 33914 376 2 long long JJ 33914 376 3 medial medial JJ 33914 376 4 branch branch NN 33914 376 5 is be VBZ 33914 376 6 perforated perforate VBN 33914 376 7 by by IN 33914 376 8 a a DT 33914 376 9 branch branch NN 33914 376 10 of of IN 33914 376 11 the the DT 33914 376 12 _ _ NNP 33914 376 13 m. m. NN 33914 377 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 377 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 377 3 longus longus NNP 33914 377 4 _ _ NNP 33914 377 5 ; ; : 33914 377 6 the the DT 33914 377 7 distal distal JJ 33914 377 8 end end NN 33914 377 9 is be VBZ 33914 377 10 flattened flatten VBN 33914 377 11 , , , 33914 377 12 has have VBZ 33914 377 13 thickened thicken VBN 33914 377 14 edges edge NNS 33914 377 15 , , , 33914 377 16 and and CC 33914 377 17 inserts insert NNS 33914 377 18 over over IN 33914 377 19 the the DT 33914 377 20 posterior posterior NN 33914 377 21 surfaces surface NNS 33914 377 22 of of IN 33914 377 23 the the DT 33914 377 24 distal distal JJ 33914 377 25 end end NN 33914 377 26 of of IN 33914 377 27 the the DT 33914 377 28 second second JJ 33914 377 29 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 377 30 , , , 33914 377 31 and and CC 33914 377 32 over over IN 33914 377 33 the the DT 33914 377 34 proximal proximal JJ 33914 377 35 end end NN 33914 377 36 of of IN 33914 377 37 the the DT 33914 377 38 third third JJ 33914 377 39 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 377 40 . . . 33914 378 1 Action.--Flexes action.--flexes LS 33914 378 2 digit digit NNP 33914 378 3 IV IV NNP 33914 378 4 . . . 33914 379 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 379 2 significant significant JJ 33914 379 3 differences difference NNS 33914 379 4 noted note VBN 33914 379 5 among among IN 33914 379 6 the the DT 33914 379 7 species specie NNS 33914 379 8 studied study VBN 33914 379 9 . . . 33914 380 1 _ _ NNP 33914 380 2 + + DT 33914 380 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 380 4 flexor flexor NN 33914 380 5 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 380 6 et et NN 33914 380 7 perforatus perforatus NN 33914 380 8 digiti digiti NNP 33914 380 9 II+ II+ NNP 33914 380 10 _ _ NNP 33914 380 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 380 12 Figs Figs NNP 33914 380 13 . . . 33914 381 1 2 2 CD 33914 381 2 , , , 33914 381 3 9).--Small 9).--small CD 33914 381 4 and and CC 33914 381 5 spindle spindle NN 33914 381 6 - - HYPH 33914 381 7 shaped shaped JJ 33914 381 8 , , , 33914 381 9 this this DT 33914 381 10 muscle muscle NN 33914 381 11 lies lie VBZ 33914 381 12 on on IN 33914 381 13 the the DT 33914 381 14 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 381 15 side side NN 33914 381 16 of of IN 33914 381 17 the the DT 33914 381 18 crus crus NN 33914 381 19 immediately immediately RB 33914 381 20 beneath beneath IN 33914 381 21 the the DT 33914 381 22 _ _ NNP 33914 381 23 pars par NNS 33914 381 24 externa externa NNP 33914 381 25 _ _ NNP 33914 381 26 of of IN 33914 381 27 the the DT 33914 381 28 _ _ NNP 33914 381 29 m. m. NN 33914 382 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 382 2 _ _ NNP 33914 382 3 . . . 33914 383 1 The the DT 33914 383 2 origin origin NN 33914 383 3 is be VBZ 33914 383 4 fleshy fleshy NNP 33914 383 5 and and CC 33914 383 6 arises arise VBZ 33914 383 7 in in IN 33914 383 8 company company NN 33914 383 9 with with IN 33914 383 10 the the DT 33914 383 11 _ _ NNP 33914 383 12 m. m. NN 33914 384 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 384 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 384 3 et et NNP 33914 384 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 384 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 384 6 III III NNP 33914 384 7 _ _ NNP 33914 384 8 from from IN 33914 384 9 a a DT 33914 384 10 point point NN 33914 384 11 on on IN 33914 384 12 the the DT 33914 384 13 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 384 14 surface surface NN 33914 384 15 of of IN 33914 384 16 the the DT 33914 384 17 distal distal JJ 33914 384 18 end end NN 33914 384 19 of of IN 33914 384 20 the the DT 33914 384 21 femur femur NN 33914 384 22 between between IN 33914 384 23 the the DT 33914 384 24 point point NN 33914 384 25 of of IN 33914 384 26 origin origin NN 33914 384 27 of of IN 33914 384 28 the the DT 33914 384 29 _ _ NNP 33914 384 30 pars par NNS 33914 384 31 externa externa NNP 33914 384 32 _ _ NNP 33914 384 33 of of IN 33914 384 34 the the DT 33914 384 35 _ _ NNP 33914 384 36 m. m. NN 33914 385 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 385 2 _ _ NNP 33914 385 3 and and CC 33914 385 4 the the DT 33914 385 5 fibular fibular JJ 33914 385 6 condyle condyle NN 33914 385 7 . . . 33914 386 1 The the DT 33914 386 2 belly belly NN 33914 386 3 extends extend VBZ 33914 386 4 approximately approximately RB 33914 386 5 one one CD 33914 386 6 - - HYPH 33914 386 7 fourth fourth NN 33914 386 8 of of IN 33914 386 9 the the DT 33914 386 10 way way NN 33914 386 11 down down IN 33914 386 12 the the DT 33914 386 13 crus crus NN 33914 386 14 and and CC 33914 386 15 gives give VBZ 33914 386 16 rise rise NN 33914 386 17 to to IN 33914 386 18 the the DT 33914 386 19 tendon tendon NN 33914 386 20 of of IN 33914 386 21 insertion insertion NN 33914 386 22 which which WDT 33914 386 23 passes pass VBZ 33914 386 24 distally distally RB 33914 386 25 and and CC 33914 386 26 superficially superficially RB 33914 386 27 through through IN 33914 386 28 the the DT 33914 386 29 posterior posterior JJ 33914 386 30 edge edge NN 33914 386 31 of of IN 33914 386 32 the the DT 33914 386 33 tibial tibial JJ 33914 386 34 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 386 35 . . . 33914 387 1 The the DT 33914 387 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 387 3 traverses traverse VBZ 33914 387 4 the the DT 33914 387 5 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 387 6 canal canal NN 33914 387 7 of of IN 33914 387 8 the the DT 33914 387 9 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 387 10 ( ( -LRB- 33914 387 11 Fig fig NN 33914 387 12 . . . 33914 388 1 6 6 LS 33914 388 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 388 3 and and CC 33914 388 4 continues continue VBZ 33914 388 5 along along IN 33914 388 6 the the DT 33914 388 7 posterior posterior NN 33914 388 8 surface surface NN 33914 388 9 of of IN 33914 388 10 the the DT 33914 388 11 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 388 12 . . . 33914 389 1 Between between IN 33914 389 2 the the DT 33914 389 3 first first JJ 33914 389 4 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 389 5 and and CC 33914 389 6 the the DT 33914 389 7 base base NN 33914 389 8 of of IN 33914 389 9 the the DT 33914 389 10 second second JJ 33914 389 11 digit digit NN 33914 389 12 the the DT 33914 389 13 tendon tendon NNP 33914 389 14 is be VBZ 33914 389 15 enclosed enclose VBN 33914 389 16 by by IN 33914 389 17 the the DT 33914 389 18 medial medial JJ 33914 389 19 surface surface NN 33914 389 20 of of IN 33914 389 21 a a DT 33914 389 22 sesamoid sesamoid JJ 33914 389 23 bone bone NN 33914 389 24 . . . 33914 390 1 This this DT 33914 390 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 390 3 then then RB 33914 390 4 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 390 5 that that DT 33914 390 6 of of IN 33914 390 7 the the DT 33914 390 8 _ _ NNP 33914 390 9 m. m. NN 33914 391 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 391 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 391 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 391 4 II II NNP 33914 391 5 _ _ NNP 33914 391 6 at at IN 33914 391 7 the the DT 33914 391 8 level level NN 33914 391 9 of of IN 33914 391 10 the the DT 33914 391 11 first first JJ 33914 391 12 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 391 13 and and CC 33914 391 14 in in IN 33914 391 15 turn turn NN 33914 391 16 is be VBZ 33914 391 17 perforated perforate VBN 33914 391 18 by by IN 33914 391 19 the the DT 33914 391 20 tendon tendon NN 33914 391 21 of of IN 33914 391 22 the the DT 33914 391 23 _ _ NNP 33914 391 24 m. m. NN 33914 392 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 392 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 392 3 longus longus NNP 33914 392 4 _ _ NNP 33914 392 5 at at IN 33914 392 6 the the DT 33914 392 7 proximal proximal JJ 33914 392 8 end end NN 33914 392 9 of of IN 33914 392 10 the the DT 33914 392 11 second second JJ 33914 392 12 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 392 13 . . . 33914 393 1 The the DT 33914 393 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 393 3 is be VBZ 33914 393 4 on on IN 33914 393 5 the the DT 33914 393 6 posterior posterior NN 33914 393 7 surface surface NN 33914 393 8 of of IN 33914 393 9 the the DT 33914 393 10 second second JJ 33914 393 11 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 393 12 . . . 33914 394 1 Action.--Flexes action.--flexes LS 33914 394 2 digit digit NNP 33914 394 3 II II NNP 33914 394 4 . . . 33914 395 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 395 2 _ _ NNP 33914 395 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 395 4 _ _ NNP 33914 395 5 , , , 33914 395 6 _ _ NNP 33914 395 7 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 395 8 _ _ NNP 33914 395 9 , , , 33914 395 10 _ _ NNP 33914 395 11 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 395 12 _ _ NNP 33914 395 13 , , , 33914 395 14 _ _ NNP 33914 395 15 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 395 16 _ _ NNP 33914 395 17 , , , 33914 395 18 _ _ NNP 33914 395 19 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 395 20 _ _ NNP 33914 395 21 , , , 33914 395 22 _ _ NNP 33914 395 23 Pinicola Pinicola NNP 33914 395 24 _ _ NNP 33914 395 25 , , , 33914 395 26 _ _ NNP 33914 395 27 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 395 28 _ _ NNP 33914 395 29 , , , 33914 395 30 _ _ NNP 33914 395 31 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 395 32 _ _ NNP 33914 395 33 , , , 33914 395 34 and and CC 33914 395 35 _ _ NNP 33914 395 36 Loxia Loxia NNP 33914 395 37 _ _ NNP 33914 395 38 the the DT 33914 395 39 proximal proximal JJ 33914 395 40 portion portion NN 33914 395 41 of of IN 33914 395 42 this this DT 33914 395 43 muscle muscle NN 33914 395 44 is be VBZ 33914 395 45 more more RBR 33914 395 46 intimately intimately RB 33914 395 47 connected connect VBN 33914 395 48 with with IN 33914 395 49 the the DT 33914 395 50 posterior posterior JJ 33914 395 51 edge edge NN 33914 395 52 of of IN 33914 395 53 the the DT 33914 395 54 _ _ NNP 33914 395 55 m. m. NN 33914 396 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 396 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 396 3 et et NNP 33914 396 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 396 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 396 6 III III NNP 33914 396 7 _ _ NNP 33914 396 8 than than IN 33914 396 9 it -PRON- PRP 33914 396 10 is be VBZ 33914 396 11 in in IN 33914 396 12 the the DT 33914 396 13 other other JJ 33914 396 14 species specie NNS 33914 396 15 examined examine VBN 33914 396 16 . . . 33914 397 1 _ _ NNP 33914 397 2 + + DT 33914 397 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 397 4 flexor flexor NN 33914 397 5 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 397 6 et et NN 33914 397 7 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 397 8 digiti digiti NNP 33914 397 9 III+ III+ NNP 33914 397 10 _ _ NNP 33914 397 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 397 12 Fig Fig NNP 33914 397 13 . . . 33914 398 1 2).--Long 2).--long LS 33914 398 2 and and CC 33914 398 3 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 398 4 , , , 33914 398 5 this this DT 33914 398 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 398 7 lies lie VBZ 33914 398 8 on on IN 33914 398 9 the the DT 33914 398 10 lateral lateral JJ 33914 398 11 surface surface NN 33914 398 12 of of IN 33914 398 13 the the DT 33914 398 14 crus crus NN 33914 398 15 beneath beneath IN 33914 398 16 the the DT 33914 398 17 _ _ NNP 33914 398 18 m. m. NN 33914 399 1 peroneus peroneus NNP 33914 399 2 longus longus NNP 33914 399 3 _ _ NNP 33914 399 4 and and CC 33914 399 5 _ _ NNP 33914 399 6 pars par NNS 33914 399 7 externa externa NNP 33914 399 8 _ _ NNP 33914 399 9 of of IN 33914 399 10 the the DT 33914 399 11 _ _ NNP 33914 399 12 m. m. NN 33914 400 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 400 2 _ _ NNP 33914 400 3 . . . 33914 401 1 There there EX 33914 401 2 are be VBP 33914 401 3 two two CD 33914 401 4 distinct distinct JJ 33914 401 5 heads head NNS 33914 401 6 . . . 33914 402 1 The the DT 33914 402 2 origin origin NN 33914 402 3 of of IN 33914 402 4 the the DT 33914 402 5 anterior anterior JJ 33914 402 6 head head NN 33914 402 7 is be VBZ 33914 402 8 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 402 9 from from IN 33914 402 10 the the DT 33914 402 11 proximal proximal JJ 33914 402 12 edge edge NN 33914 402 13 of of IN 33914 402 14 the the DT 33914 402 15 outer outer NNP 33914 402 16 cnemial cnemial JJ 33914 402 17 crest crest NN 33914 402 18 and and CC 33914 402 19 from from IN 33914 402 20 the the DT 33914 402 21 internal internal JJ 33914 402 22 edge edge NN 33914 402 23 of of IN 33914 402 24 the the DT 33914 402 25 distal distal JJ 33914 402 26 end end NN 33914 402 27 of of IN 33914 402 28 the the DT 33914 402 29 patellar patellar JJ 33914 402 30 tendon tendon NNP 33914 402 31 . . . 33914 403 1 The the DT 33914 403 2 posterior posterior NN 33914 403 3 head head NN 33914 403 4 arises arise VBZ 33914 403 5 by by IN 33914 403 6 a a DT 33914 403 7 tendon tendon NN 33914 403 8 from from IN 33914 403 9 the the DT 33914 403 10 femur femur NN 33914 403 11 in in IN 33914 403 12 company company NN 33914 403 13 with with IN 33914 403 14 the the DT 33914 403 15 _ _ NNP 33914 403 16 m. m. NN 33914 404 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 404 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 404 3 et et NNP 33914 404 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 404 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 404 6 II II NNP 33914 404 7 _ _ NNP 33914 404 8 , , , 33914 404 9 is be VBZ 33914 404 10 connected connect VBN 33914 404 11 also also RB 33914 404 12 with with IN 33914 404 13 the the DT 33914 404 14 tendon tendon NN 33914 404 15 of of IN 33914 404 16 origin origin NN 33914 404 17 of of IN 33914 404 18 the the DT 33914 404 19 _ _ NNP 33914 404 20 m. m. NN 33914 405 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 405 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 405 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 405 4 II II NNP 33914 405 5 _ _ NNP 33914 405 6 , , , 33914 405 7 and and CC 33914 405 8 is be VBZ 33914 405 9 loosely loosely RB 33914 405 10 attached attach VBN 33914 405 11 to to IN 33914 405 12 the the DT 33914 405 13 head head NN 33914 405 14 of of IN 33914 405 15 the the DT 33914 405 16 fibula fibula NN 33914 405 17 . . . 33914 406 1 Fibers fiber NNS 33914 406 2 from from IN 33914 406 3 the the DT 33914 406 4 belly belly NN 33914 406 5 of of IN 33914 406 6 the the DT 33914 406 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 406 8 attach attach NN 33914 406 9 throughout throughout IN 33914 406 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 406 11 length length NN 33914 406 12 to to IN 33914 406 13 the the DT 33914 406 14 lateral lateral JJ 33914 406 15 edge edge NN 33914 406 16 of of IN 33914 406 17 the the DT 33914 406 18 fibula fibula NN 33914 406 19 , , , 33914 406 20 and and CC 33914 406 21 the the DT 33914 406 22 muscle muscle NN 33914 406 23 is be VBZ 33914 406 24 tightly tightly RB 33914 406 25 fused fuse VBN 33914 406 26 also also RB 33914 406 27 with with IN 33914 406 28 adjacent adjacent JJ 33914 406 29 muscles muscle NNS 33914 406 30 . . . 33914 407 1 The the DT 33914 407 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 407 3 of of IN 33914 407 4 insertion insertion NN 33914 407 5 is be VBZ 33914 407 6 formed form VBN 33914 407 7 approximately approximately RB 33914 407 8 one one CD 33914 407 9 - - HYPH 33914 407 10 half half NN 33914 407 11 the the DT 33914 407 12 way way NN 33914 407 13 down down IN 33914 407 14 the the DT 33914 407 15 crus crus NN 33914 407 16 . . . 33914 408 1 The the DT 33914 408 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 408 3 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 408 4 the the DT 33914 408 5 posterior posterior NN 33914 408 6 surface surface NN 33914 408 7 of of IN 33914 408 8 the the DT 33914 408 9 tibial tibial JJ 33914 408 10 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 408 11 and and CC 33914 408 12 passes pass VBZ 33914 408 13 through through IN 33914 408 14 the the DT 33914 408 15 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 408 16 canal canal NN 33914 408 17 of of IN 33914 408 18 the the DT 33914 408 19 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 408 20 ( ( -LRB- 33914 408 21 Fig fig NN 33914 408 22 . . . 33914 409 1 6 6 LS 33914 409 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 409 3 . . . 33914 410 1 At at IN 33914 410 2 the the DT 33914 410 3 base base NN 33914 410 4 of of IN 33914 410 5 the the DT 33914 410 6 third third JJ 33914 410 7 digit digit NN 33914 410 8 the the DT 33914 410 9 tendon tendon NNP 33914 410 10 ensheathes ensheathe VBZ 33914 410 11 that that DT 33914 410 12 of of IN 33914 410 13 the the DT 33914 410 14 _ _ NNP 33914 410 15 m. m. NN 33914 411 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 411 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 411 3 longus longus NNP 33914 411 4 _ _ NNP 33914 411 5 and and CC 33914 411 6 the the DT 33914 411 7 two two CD 33914 411 8 together together RB 33914 411 9 perforate perforate VBP 33914 411 10 the the DT 33914 411 11 tendon tendon NN 33914 411 12 of of IN 33914 411 13 the the DT 33914 411 14 _ _ NNP 33914 411 15 m. m. NN 33914 412 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 412 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 412 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 412 4 III III NNP 33914 412 5 _ _ NNP 33914 412 6 . . . 33914 413 1 Immediately immediately RB 33914 413 2 distal distal JJ 33914 413 3 to to IN 33914 413 4 this this DT 33914 413 5 perforation perforation NN 33914 413 6 the the DT 33914 413 7 tendon tendon NN 33914 413 8 of of IN 33914 413 9 the the DT 33914 413 10 _ _ NNP 33914 413 11 m. m. NN 33914 414 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 414 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 414 3 et et NNP 33914 414 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 414 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 414 6 III III NNP 33914 414 7 _ _ NNP 33914 414 8 ceases cease VBZ 33914 414 9 to to TO 33914 414 10 ensheath ensheath VB 33914 414 11 that that DT 33914 414 12 of of IN 33914 414 13 the the DT 33914 414 14 _ _ NNP 33914 414 15 m. m. NN 33914 415 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 415 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 415 3 longus longus NNP 33914 415 4 _ _ NNP 33914 415 5 . . . 33914 416 1 The the DT 33914 416 2 latter latter JJ 33914 416 3 passes pass VBZ 33914 416 4 beneath beneath IN 33914 416 5 that that DT 33914 416 6 of of IN 33914 416 7 the the DT 33914 416 8 former former JJ 33914 416 9 . . . 33914 417 1 Near near IN 33914 417 2 the the DT 33914 417 3 distal distal JJ 33914 417 4 end end NN 33914 417 5 of of IN 33914 417 6 the the DT 33914 417 7 second second JJ 33914 417 8 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 417 9 the the DT 33914 417 10 tendon tendon NN 33914 417 11 of of IN 33914 417 12 the the DT 33914 417 13 _ _ NNP 33914 417 14 m. m. NN 33914 418 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 418 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 418 3 longus longus NNP 33914 418 4 _ _ NNP 33914 418 5 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 418 6 that that DT 33914 418 7 of of IN 33914 418 8 the the DT 33914 418 9 _ _ NNP 33914 418 10 m. m. NN 33914 419 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 419 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 419 3 et et NNP 33914 419 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 419 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 419 6 III III NNP 33914 419 7 _ _ NNP 33914 419 8 . . . 33914 420 1 The the DT 33914 420 2 latter latter JJ 33914 420 3 inserts insert NNS 33914 420 4 on on IN 33914 420 5 the the DT 33914 420 6 posterior posterior NN 33914 420 7 surface surface NN 33914 420 8 of of IN 33914 420 9 the the DT 33914 420 10 distal distal JJ 33914 420 11 end end NN 33914 420 12 of of IN 33914 420 13 the the DT 33914 420 14 second second JJ 33914 420 15 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 420 16 and and CC 33914 420 17 the the DT 33914 420 18 proximal proximal JJ 33914 420 19 end end NN 33914 420 20 of of IN 33914 420 21 the the DT 33914 420 22 third third NN 33914 420 23 . . . 33914 421 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 421 2 digit digit NNP 33914 421 3 III iii CD 33914 421 4 . . . 33914 422 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 422 2 _ _ NNP 33914 422 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 422 4 _ _ NNP 33914 422 5 , , , 33914 422 6 _ _ NNP 33914 422 7 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 422 8 _ _ NNP 33914 422 9 , , , 33914 422 10 and and CC 33914 422 11 _ _ NNP 33914 422 12 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 422 13 _ _ NNP 33914 422 14 , , , 33914 422 15 and and CC 33914 422 16 in in IN 33914 422 17 all all PDT 33914 422 18 the the DT 33914 422 19 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 422 20 finches finche VBZ 33914 422 21 examined examine VBD 33914 422 22 the the DT 33914 422 23 proximal proximal JJ 33914 422 24 portion portion NN 33914 422 25 of of IN 33914 422 26 this this DT 33914 422 27 muscle muscle NN 33914 422 28 is be VBZ 33914 422 29 more more RBR 33914 422 30 intimately intimately RB 33914 422 31 connected connect VBN 33914 422 32 with with IN 33914 422 33 the the DT 33914 422 34 anterior anterior JJ 33914 422 35 edge edge NN 33914 422 36 of of IN 33914 422 37 the the DT 33914 422 38 _ _ NNP 33914 422 39 m. m. NN 33914 423 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 423 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 423 3 et et NNP 33914 423 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 423 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 423 6 II II NNP 33914 423 7 _ _ NNP 33914 423 8 than than IN 33914 423 9 it -PRON- PRP 33914 423 10 is be VBZ 33914 423 11 in in IN 33914 423 12 the the DT 33914 423 13 other other JJ 33914 423 14 species specie NNS 33914 423 15 examined examine VBN 33914 423 16 . . . 33914 424 1 _ _ NNP 33914 424 2 + + NNP 33914 424 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 424 4 flexor flexor NN 33914 424 5 digitorum digitorum NN 33914 424 6 longus+ longus+ NN 33914 424 7 _ _ NNP 33914 424 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 424 9 Figs Figs NNP 33914 424 10 . . . 33914 425 1 3 3 LS 33914 425 2 , , , 33914 425 3 5).--This 5).--this CD 33914 425 4 strong strong JJ 33914 425 5 , , , 33914 425 6 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 425 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 425 8 is be VBZ 33914 425 9 deeply deeply RB 33914 425 10 situated situate VBN 33914 425 11 along along IN 33914 425 12 the the DT 33914 425 13 posterior posterior NN 33914 425 14 surfaces surface NNS 33914 425 15 of of IN 33914 425 16 the the DT 33914 425 17 tibia tibia NNP 33914 425 18 and and CC 33914 425 19 fibula fibula NNP 33914 425 20 . . . 33914 426 1 There there EX 33914 426 2 are be VBP 33914 426 3 two two CD 33914 426 4 distinct distinct JJ 33914 426 5 heads head NNS 33914 426 6 of of IN 33914 426 7 origin origin NN 33914 426 8 . . . 33914 427 1 The the DT 33914 427 2 lateral lateral JJ 33914 427 3 head head NN 33914 427 4 arises arise VBZ 33914 427 5 by by IN 33914 427 6 means mean NNS 33914 427 7 of of IN 33914 427 8 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 427 9 fibers fiber NNS 33914 427 10 from from IN 33914 427 11 the the DT 33914 427 12 posterior posterior JJ 33914 427 13 edge edge NN 33914 427 14 of of IN 33914 427 15 the the DT 33914 427 16 head head NN 33914 427 17 of of IN 33914 427 18 the the DT 33914 427 19 fibula fibula NN 33914 427 20 . . . 33914 428 1 The the DT 33914 428 2 medial medial JJ 33914 428 3 head head NN 33914 428 4 arises arise VBZ 33914 428 5 by by IN 33914 428 6 means mean NNS 33914 428 7 of of IN 33914 428 8 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 428 9 fibers fiber NNS 33914 428 10 from from IN 33914 428 11 the the DT 33914 428 12 region region NN 33914 428 13 under under IN 33914 428 14 the the DT 33914 428 15 ledgelike ledgelike NNP 33914 428 16 external external JJ 33914 428 17 and and CC 33914 428 18 internal internal JJ 33914 428 19 articular articular JJ 33914 428 20 surfaces surface NNS 33914 428 21 of of IN 33914 428 22 the the DT 33914 428 23 proximal proximal JJ 33914 428 24 end end NN 33914 428 25 of of IN 33914 428 26 the the DT 33914 428 27 tibia tibia NNS 33914 428 28 . . . 33914 429 1 Neither neither DT 33914 429 2 head head NN 33914 429 3 has have VBZ 33914 429 4 any any DT 33914 429 5 connection connection NN 33914 429 6 with with IN 33914 429 7 the the DT 33914 429 8 femur femur NN 33914 429 9 in in IN 33914 429 10 contrast contrast NN 33914 429 11 to to IN 33914 429 12 the the DT 33914 429 13 condition condition NN 33914 429 14 , , , 33914 429 15 described describe VBN 33914 429 16 by by IN 33914 429 17 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 429 18 ( ( -LRB- 33914 429 19 1937 1937 CD 33914 429 20 : : : 33914 429 21 46 46 CD 33914 429 22 - - SYM 33914 429 23 47 47 CD 33914 429 24 ) ) -RRB- 33914 429 25 in in IN 33914 429 26 the the DT 33914 429 27 crow crow NN 33914 429 28 , , , 33914 429 29 _ _ NNP 33914 429 30 Corvus Corvus NNP 33914 429 31 brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos NN 33914 429 32 _ _ NNP 33914 429 33 , , , 33914 429 34 and and CC 33914 429 35 in in IN 33914 429 36 the the DT 33914 429 37 raven raven NN 33914 429 38 , , , 33914 429 39 _ _ NNP 33914 429 40 Corvus Corvus NNP 33914 429 41 corax corax NN 33914 429 42 _ _ NNP 33914 429 43 . . . 33914 430 1 Near near IN 33914 430 2 the the DT 33914 430 3 point point NN 33914 430 4 of of IN 33914 430 5 insertion insertion NN 33914 430 6 of of IN 33914 430 7 the the DT 33914 430 8 _ _ NNP 33914 430 9 m. m. NN 33914 431 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 431 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 431 3 _ _ NNP 33914 431 4 the the DT 33914 431 5 two two CD 33914 431 6 heads head NNS 33914 431 7 fuse fuse NN 33914 431 8 . . . 33914 432 1 The the DT 33914 432 2 common common JJ 33914 432 3 belly belly NN 33914 432 4 is be VBZ 33914 432 5 attached attach VBN 33914 432 6 by by IN 33914 432 7 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 432 8 fibers fiber NNS 33914 432 9 to to IN 33914 432 10 the the DT 33914 432 11 posterior posterior NN 33914 432 12 surface surface NN 33914 432 13 of of IN 33914 432 14 the the DT 33914 432 15 tibia tibia NNP 33914 432 16 and and CC 33914 432 17 fibula fibula NN 33914 432 18 for for IN 33914 432 19 two two CD 33914 432 20 - - HYPH 33914 432 21 thirds third NNS 33914 432 22 of of IN 33914 432 23 the the DT 33914 432 24 distance distance NN 33914 432 25 down down IN 33914 432 26 the the DT 33914 432 27 crus crus NN 33914 432 28 . . . 33914 433 1 Near near IN 33914 433 2 the the DT 33914 433 3 distal distal JJ 33914 433 4 end end NN 33914 433 5 of of IN 33914 433 6 the the DT 33914 433 7 crus crus NN 33914 433 8 the the DT 33914 433 9 muscle muscle NN 33914 433 10 terminates terminate NNS 33914 433 11 in in IN 33914 433 12 a a DT 33914 433 13 strong strong JJ 33914 433 14 tendon tendon NN 33914 433 15 which which WDT 33914 433 16 passes pass VBZ 33914 433 17 deeply deeply RB 33914 433 18 through through IN 33914 433 19 the the DT 33914 433 20 tibial tibial JJ 33914 433 21 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 433 22 and and CC 33914 433 23 traverses traverse VBZ 33914 433 24 the the DT 33914 433 25 anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 433 26 canal canal NN 33914 433 27 of of IN 33914 433 28 the the DT 33914 433 29 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 433 30 ( ( -LRB- 33914 433 31 Fig fig NN 33914 433 32 . . . 33914 434 1 6 6 LS 33914 434 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 434 3 . . . 33914 435 1 About about IN 33914 435 2 midway midway NNP 33914 435 3 down down IN 33914 435 4 the the DT 33914 435 5 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 435 6 this this DT 33914 435 7 tendon tendon NNP 33914 435 8 becomes become VBZ 33914 435 9 ossified ossified JJ 33914 435 10 . . . 33914 436 1 Immediately immediately RB 33914 436 2 above above IN 33914 436 3 the the DT 33914 436 4 bases basis NNS 33914 436 5 of of IN 33914 436 6 the the DT 33914 436 7 toes toe NNS 33914 436 8 it -PRON- PRP 33914 436 9 gives give VBZ 33914 436 10 rise rise NN 33914 436 11 to to IN 33914 436 12 three three CD 33914 436 13 branches branch NNS 33914 436 14 , , , 33914 436 15 one one CD 33914 436 16 to to IN 33914 436 17 the the DT 33914 436 18 posterior posterior NN 33914 436 19 surface surface NN 33914 436 20 of of IN 33914 436 21 each each DT 33914 436 22 of of IN 33914 436 23 the the DT 33914 436 24 foretoes foretoe NNS 33914 436 25 . . . 33914 437 1 These these DT 33914 437 2 branches branch NNS 33914 437 3 perforate perforate VBP 33914 437 4 the the DT 33914 437 5 other other JJ 33914 437 6 flexor flexor NN 33914 437 7 muscles muscle NNS 33914 437 8 of of IN 33914 437 9 the the DT 33914 437 10 toes toe NNS 33914 437 11 as as IN 33914 437 12 described describe VBN 33914 437 13 in in IN 33914 437 14 the the DT 33914 437 15 accounts account NNS 33914 437 16 of of IN 33914 437 17 those those DT 33914 437 18 muscles muscle NNS 33914 437 19 and and CC 33914 437 20 insert insert VB 33914 437 21 as as IN 33914 437 22 follows follow VBZ 33914 437 23 : : : 33914 437 24 The the DT 33914 437 25 branch branch NN 33914 437 26 to to TO 33914 437 27 digit digit NN 33914 437 28 II II NNP 33914 437 29 inserts insert NNS 33914 437 30 on on IN 33914 437 31 the the DT 33914 437 32 base base NN 33914 437 33 of of IN 33914 437 34 the the DT 33914 437 35 ungual ungual JJ 33914 437 36 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 437 37 and and CC 33914 437 38 by by IN 33914 437 39 a a DT 33914 437 40 stout stout NN 33914 437 41 , , , 33914 437 42 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 437 43 slip slip NN 33914 437 44 on on IN 33914 437 45 the the DT 33914 437 46 distal distal JJ 33914 437 47 end end NN 33914 437 48 of of IN 33914 437 49 the the DT 33914 437 50 second second JJ 33914 437 51 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 437 52 ( ( -LRB- 33914 437 53 Fig fig NN 33914 437 54 . . . 33914 438 1 9 9 LS 33914 438 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 438 3 . . . 33914 439 1 The the DT 33914 439 2 branch branch NN 33914 439 3 to to TO 33914 439 4 digit digit NN 33914 439 5 III iii CD 33914 439 6 inserts insert NNS 33914 439 7 on on IN 33914 439 8 the the DT 33914 439 9 base base NN 33914 439 10 of of IN 33914 439 11 the the DT 33914 439 12 distal distal JJ 33914 439 13 end end NN 33914 439 14 of of IN 33914 439 15 the the DT 33914 439 16 third third JJ 33914 439 17 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 439 18 and and CC 33914 439 19 a a DT 33914 439 20 stronger strong JJR 33914 439 21 slip slip NN 33914 439 22 to to IN 33914 439 23 the the DT 33914 439 24 distal distal JJ 33914 439 25 end end NN 33914 439 26 of of IN 33914 439 27 the the DT 33914 439 28 second second JJ 33914 439 29 or or CC 33914 439 30 proximal proximal JJ 33914 439 31 end end NN 33914 439 32 of of IN 33914 439 33 the the DT 33914 439 34 third third NN 33914 439 35 . . . 33914 440 1 The the DT 33914 440 2 branch branch NN 33914 440 3 to to IN 33914 440 4 digit digit VB 33914 440 5 IV IV NNP 33914 440 6 inserts insert NNS 33914 440 7 on on IN 33914 440 8 the the DT 33914 440 9 base base NN 33914 440 10 of of IN 33914 440 11 the the DT 33914 440 12 ungual ungual JJ 33914 440 13 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 440 14 , , , 33914 440 15 with with IN 33914 440 16 one one CD 33914 440 17 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 440 18 slip slip NN 33914 440 19 to to IN 33914 440 20 the the DT 33914 440 21 distal distal JJ 33914 440 22 end end NN 33914 440 23 of of IN 33914 440 24 the the DT 33914 440 25 third third JJ 33914 440 26 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 440 27 and and CC 33914 440 28 another another DT 33914 440 29 to to IN 33914 440 30 the the DT 33914 440 31 distal distal JJ 33914 440 32 end end NN 33914 440 33 of of IN 33914 440 34 the the DT 33914 440 35 fourth fourth JJ 33914 440 36 . . . 33914 441 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 441 2 foretoes foretoe NNS 33914 441 3 . . . 33914 442 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 442 2 significant significant JJ 33914 442 3 differences difference NNS 33914 442 4 noted note VBN 33914 442 5 among among IN 33914 442 6 the the DT 33914 442 7 species specie NNS 33914 442 8 studied study VBN 33914 442 9 . . . 33914 443 1 _ _ NNP 33914 443 2 + + DT 33914 443 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 443 4 flexor flexor VBP 33914 443 5 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 443 6 longus+ longus+ NNP 33914 443 7 _ _ NNP 33914 443 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 443 9 Fig Fig NNP 33914 443 10 . . . 33914 444 1 3).--Situated 3).--situate VBN 33914 444 2 immediately immediately RB 33914 444 3 posterior posterior RB 33914 444 4 to to IN 33914 444 5 the the DT 33914 444 6 _ _ NNP 33914 444 7 m. m. NN 33914 445 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 445 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 445 3 longus longus NNP 33914 445 4 _ _ NNP 33914 445 5 , , , 33914 445 6 the the DT 33914 445 7 belly belly NN 33914 445 8 of of IN 33914 445 9 this this DT 33914 445 10 large large JJ 33914 445 11 , , , 33914 445 12 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 445 13 muscle muscle NN 33914 445 14 is be VBZ 33914 445 15 intimately intimately RB 33914 445 16 connected connect VBN 33914 445 17 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 445 18 to to IN 33914 445 19 that that DT 33914 445 20 of of IN 33914 445 21 the the DT 33914 445 22 _ _ NNP 33914 445 23 m. m. NN 33914 446 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 446 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 446 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 446 4 II II NNP 33914 446 5 _ _ NNP 33914 446 6 . . . 33914 447 1 The the DT 33914 447 2 _ _ NNP 33914 447 3 m. m. NN 33914 448 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 448 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 448 3 longus longus NNP 33914 448 4 _ _ NNP 33914 448 5 arises arise VBZ 33914 448 6 by by IN 33914 448 7 two two CD 33914 448 8 heads head NNS 33914 448 9 which which WDT 33914 448 10 are be VBP 33914 448 11 separated separate VBN 33914 448 12 by by IN 33914 448 13 the the DT 33914 448 14 tendon tendon NN 33914 448 15 of of IN 33914 448 16 insertion insertion NN 33914 448 17 of of IN 33914 448 18 the the DT 33914 448 19 _ _ NNP 33914 448 20 m. m. NN 33914 449 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 449 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 449 3 _ _ NNP 33914 449 4 . . . 33914 450 1 The the DT 33914 450 2 smaller small JJR 33914 450 3 anterior anterior JJ 33914 450 4 head head NN 33914 450 5 arises arise VBZ 33914 450 6 from from IN 33914 450 7 the the DT 33914 450 8 same same JJ 33914 450 9 tendon tendon NN 33914 450 10 as as IN 33914 450 11 does do VBZ 33914 450 12 the the DT 33914 450 13 _ _ NNP 33914 450 14 m. m. NN 33914 451 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 451 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 451 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 451 4 II II NNP 33914 451 5 _ _ NNP 33914 451 6 . . . 33914 452 1 The the DT 33914 452 2 larger large JJR 33914 452 3 posterior posterior NN 33914 452 4 head head NN 33914 452 5 arises arise VBZ 33914 452 6 by by IN 33914 452 7 means mean NNS 33914 452 8 of of IN 33914 452 9 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 452 10 fibers fiber NNS 33914 452 11 from from IN 33914 452 12 the the DT 33914 452 13 intercondyloid intercondyloid NN 33914 452 14 region region NN 33914 452 15 of of IN 33914 452 16 the the DT 33914 452 17 posterior posterior NN 33914 452 18 surface surface NN 33914 452 19 of of IN 33914 452 20 the the DT 33914 452 21 femur femur NN 33914 452 22 along along IN 33914 452 23 with with IN 33914 452 24 the the DT 33914 452 25 _ _ NNP 33914 452 26 m. m. NN 33914 453 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 453 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 453 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 453 4 III III NNP 33914 453 5 _ _ NNP 33914 453 6 and and CC 33914 453 7 _ _ NNP 33914 453 8 IV IV NNP 33914 453 9 _ _ NNP 33914 453 10 . . . 33914 454 1 The the DT 33914 454 2 two two CD 33914 454 3 heads head NNS 33914 454 4 join join VBP 33914 454 5 just just RB 33914 454 6 distal distal JJ 33914 454 7 to to IN 33914 454 8 the the DT 33914 454 9 point point NN 33914 454 10 of of IN 33914 454 11 insertion insertion NN 33914 454 12 of of IN 33914 454 13 the the DT 33914 454 14 _ _ NNP 33914 454 15 m. m. NN 33914 455 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 455 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 455 3 _ _ NNP 33914 455 4 . . . 33914 456 1 There there EX 33914 456 2 is be VBZ 33914 456 3 no no DT 33914 456 4 trace trace NN 33914 456 5 of of IN 33914 456 6 a a DT 33914 456 7 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 456 8 band band NN 33914 456 9 connecting connect VBG 33914 456 10 the the DT 33914 456 11 two two CD 33914 456 12 heads head NNS 33914 456 13 as as IN 33914 456 14 there there EX 33914 456 15 is be VBZ 33914 456 16 in in IN 33914 456 17 the the DT 33914 456 18 crow crow NN 33914 456 19 and and CC 33914 456 20 in in IN 33914 456 21 the the DT 33914 456 22 raven raven NN 33914 456 23 ( ( -LRB- 33914 456 24 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 456 25 , , , 33914 456 26 1937:49 1937:49 JJ 33914 456 27 ) ) -RRB- 33914 456 28 . . . 33914 457 1 Near near IN 33914 457 2 the the DT 33914 457 3 distal distal JJ 33914 457 4 end end NN 33914 457 5 of of IN 33914 457 6 the the DT 33914 457 7 shank shank JJ 33914 457 8 the the DT 33914 457 9 muscle muscle NN 33914 457 10 gives give VBZ 33914 457 11 rise rise NN 33914 457 12 to to IN 33914 457 13 a a DT 33914 457 14 strong strong JJ 33914 457 15 tendon tendon NNP 33914 457 16 which which WDT 33914 457 17 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 457 18 the the DT 33914 457 19 tibial tibial JJ 33914 457 20 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 457 21 along along IN 33914 457 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 457 23 lateral lateral JJ 33914 457 24 edge edge NN 33914 457 25 and and CC 33914 457 26 passes pass VBZ 33914 457 27 through through IN 33914 457 28 the the DT 33914 457 29 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 457 30 canal canal NN 33914 457 31 of of IN 33914 457 32 the the DT 33914 457 33 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 457 34 ( ( -LRB- 33914 457 35 Fig fig NN 33914 457 36 . . . 33914 458 1 6 6 LS 33914 458 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 458 3 . . . 33914 459 1 The the DT 33914 459 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 459 3 crosses cross VBZ 33914 459 4 over over RP 33914 459 5 to to IN 33914 459 6 the the DT 33914 459 7 medial medial JJ 33914 459 8 surface surface NN 33914 459 9 of of IN 33914 459 10 the the DT 33914 459 11 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 459 12 , , , 33914 459 13 passes pass VBZ 33914 459 14 distally distally RB 33914 459 15 , , , 33914 459 16 and and CC 33914 459 17 perforates perforate VBZ 33914 459 18 the the DT 33914 459 19 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 459 20 tendon tendon NN 33914 459 21 of of IN 33914 459 22 the the DT 33914 459 23 _ _ NNP 33914 459 24 m. m. NN 33914 460 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 460 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 460 3 brevis brevis NNP 33914 460 4 _ _ NNP 33914 460 5 between between IN 33914 460 6 the the DT 33914 460 7 first first JJ 33914 460 8 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 460 9 and and CC 33914 460 10 the the DT 33914 460 11 trochlea trochlea NN 33914 460 12 for for IN 33914 460 13 digit digit NN 33914 460 14 II II NNP 33914 460 15 . . . 33914 461 1 The the DT 33914 461 2 tendon tendon NNP 33914 461 3 continues continue VBZ 33914 461 4 along along IN 33914 461 5 the the DT 33914 461 6 posterior posterior NN 33914 461 7 surface surface NN 33914 461 8 of of IN 33914 461 9 the the DT 33914 461 10 hallux hallux NN 33914 461 11 and and CC 33914 461 12 has have VBZ 33914 461 13 a a DT 33914 461 14 double double JJ 33914 461 15 insertion insertion NN 33914 461 16 ; ; : 33914 461 17 the the DT 33914 461 18 main main JJ 33914 461 19 tendon tendon NNP 33914 461 20 attaches attach VBZ 33914 461 21 to to IN 33914 461 22 the the DT 33914 461 23 base base NN 33914 461 24 of of IN 33914 461 25 the the DT 33914 461 26 ungual ungual JJ 33914 461 27 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 461 28 and and CC 33914 461 29 a a DT 33914 461 30 smaller small JJR 33914 461 31 branch branch NN 33914 461 32 inserts insert NNS 33914 461 33 on on IN 33914 461 34 the the DT 33914 461 35 distal distal JJ 33914 461 36 end end NN 33914 461 37 of of IN 33914 461 38 the the DT 33914 461 39 proximal proximal JJ 33914 461 40 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 461 41 . . . 33914 462 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 462 2 hallux hallux NN 33914 462 3 . . . 33914 463 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 463 2 _ _ NNP 33914 463 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 463 4 _ _ NNP 33914 463 5 this this DT 33914 463 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 463 7 has have VBZ 33914 463 8 only only RB 33914 463 9 the the DT 33914 463 10 posterior posterior JJ 33914 463 11 head head NN 33914 463 12 of of IN 33914 463 13 origin origin NN 33914 463 14 and and CC 33914 463 15 is be VBZ 33914 463 16 not not RB 33914 463 17 connected connect VBN 33914 463 18 with with IN 33914 463 19 the the DT 33914 463 20 _ _ NNP 33914 463 21 m. m. NN 33914 464 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 464 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 464 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 464 4 II II NNP 33914 464 5 _ _ NNP 33914 464 6 . . . 33914 465 1 The the DT 33914 465 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 465 3 is be VBZ 33914 465 4 proportionately proportionately RB 33914 465 5 smaller small JJR 33914 465 6 and and CC 33914 465 7 weaker weak JJR 33914 465 8 than than IN 33914 465 9 in in IN 33914 465 10 any any DT 33914 465 11 of of IN 33914 465 12 the the DT 33914 465 13 other other JJ 33914 465 14 species specie NNS 33914 465 15 studied study VBD 33914 465 16 . . . 33914 466 1 _ _ NNP 33914 466 2 + + DT 33914 466 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 466 4 extensor extensor NN 33914 466 5 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 466 6 longus+ longus+ NNP 33914 466 7 _ _ NNP 33914 466 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 466 9 Fig Fig NNP 33914 466 10 . . . 33914 467 1 4).--One 4).--one NN 33914 467 2 of of IN 33914 467 3 the the DT 33914 467 4 smallest small JJS 33914 467 5 muscles muscle NNS 33914 467 6 of of IN 33914 467 7 the the DT 33914 467 8 leg leg NN 33914 467 9 , , , 33914 467 10 the the DT 33914 467 11 origin origin NN 33914 467 12 is be VBZ 33914 467 13 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 467 14 from from IN 33914 467 15 the the DT 33914 467 16 anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 467 17 edge edge NN 33914 467 18 of of IN 33914 467 19 the the DT 33914 467 20 proximal proximal JJ 33914 467 21 end end NN 33914 467 22 of of IN 33914 467 23 the the DT 33914 467 24 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 467 25 . . . 33914 468 1 The the DT 33914 468 2 belly belly NN 33914 468 3 is be VBZ 33914 468 4 long long JJ 33914 468 5 and and CC 33914 468 6 slender slend JJR 33914 468 7 and and CC 33914 468 8 terminates terminate NNS 33914 468 9 distally distally RB 33914 468 10 in in IN 33914 468 11 a a DT 33914 468 12 slender slender NN 33914 468 13 tendon tendon NNP 33914 468 14 which which WDT 33914 468 15 passes pass VBZ 33914 468 16 distally distally RB 33914 468 17 along along IN 33914 468 18 the the DT 33914 468 19 posterior posterior NN 33914 468 20 surfaces surface NNS 33914 468 21 of of IN 33914 468 22 the the DT 33914 468 23 first first JJ 33914 468 24 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 468 25 and and CC 33914 468 26 the the DT 33914 468 27 first first JJ 33914 468 28 digit digit NN 33914 468 29 . . . 33914 469 1 The the DT 33914 469 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 469 3 is be VBZ 33914 469 4 on on IN 33914 469 5 the the DT 33914 469 6 base base NN 33914 469 7 of of IN 33914 469 8 the the DT 33914 469 9 ungual ungual JJ 33914 469 10 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 469 11 . . . 33914 470 1 Near near IN 33914 470 2 the the DT 33914 470 3 distal distal JJ 33914 470 4 end end NN 33914 470 5 of of IN 33914 470 6 the the DT 33914 470 7 proximal proximal JJ 33914 470 8 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 470 9 , , , 33914 470 10 the the DT 33914 470 11 tendon tendon NNP 33914 470 12 passes pass VBZ 33914 470 13 between between IN 33914 470 14 two two CD 33914 470 15 thick thick JJ 33914 470 16 bands band NNS 33914 470 17 of of IN 33914 470 18 fibro fibro NN 33914 470 19 - - HYPH 33914 470 20 elastic elastic JJ 33914 470 21 tissue tissue NN 33914 470 22 which which WDT 33914 470 23 insert insert VBP 33914 470 24 also also RB 33914 470 25 on on IN 33914 470 26 the the DT 33914 470 27 ungual ungual JJ 33914 470 28 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 470 29 . . . 33914 471 1 These these DT 33914 471 2 bands band NNS 33914 471 3 of of IN 33914 471 4 tissue tissue NN 33914 471 5 function function NN 33914 471 6 as as IN 33914 471 7 automatic automatic JJ 33914 471 8 extensors extensor NNS 33914 471 9 of of IN 33914 471 10 the the DT 33914 471 11 claw claw NN 33914 471 12 . . . 33914 472 1 Action.--Extends Action.--Extends NNP 33914 472 2 hallux hallux NN 33914 472 3 ; ; : 33914 472 4 action action NN 33914 472 5 must must MD 33914 472 6 be be VB 33914 472 7 slight slight JJ 33914 472 8 . . . 33914 473 1 Comparison.--In Comparison.--In NNP 33914 473 2 _ _ NNP 33914 473 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 473 4 _ _ NNP 33914 473 5 this this DT 33914 473 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 473 7 is be VBZ 33914 473 8 proportionately proportionately RB 33914 473 9 larger large JJR 33914 473 10 and and CC 33914 473 11 better well RBR 33914 473 12 developed develop VBN 33914 473 13 than than IN 33914 473 14 it -PRON- PRP 33914 473 15 is be VBZ 33914 473 16 in in IN 33914 473 17 any any DT 33914 473 18 of of IN 33914 473 19 the the DT 33914 473 20 other other JJ 33914 473 21 species specie NNS 33914 473 22 examined examine VBN 33914 473 23 . . . 33914 474 1 _ _ NNP 33914 474 2 + + DT 33914 474 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 474 4 flexor flexor VBP 33914 474 5 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 474 6 brevis+ brevis+ NNP 33914 474 7 _ _ NNP 33914 474 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 474 9 Fig Fig NNP 33914 474 10 . . . 33914 475 1 4).--This 4).--this CD 33914 475 2 minute minute NN 33914 475 3 muscle muscle NN 33914 475 4 has have VBZ 33914 475 5 a a DT 33914 475 6 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 475 7 origin origin NN 33914 475 8 from from IN 33914 475 9 the the DT 33914 475 10 medial medial JJ 33914 475 11 surface surface NN 33914 475 12 of of IN 33914 475 13 the the DT 33914 475 14 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 475 15 . . . 33914 476 1 The the DT 33914 476 2 short short JJ 33914 476 3 belly belly NN 33914 476 4 terminates terminate NNS 33914 476 5 in in IN 33914 476 6 a a DT 33914 476 7 weak weak JJ 33914 476 8 , , , 33914 476 9 slender slender NN 33914 476 10 tendon tendon NNP 33914 476 11 which which WDT 33914 476 12 passes pass VBZ 33914 476 13 down down RP 33914 476 14 the the DT 33914 476 15 posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 476 16 surface surface NN 33914 476 17 of of IN 33914 476 18 the the DT 33914 476 19 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 476 20 and and CC 33914 476 21 into into IN 33914 476 22 the the DT 33914 476 23 space space NN 33914 476 24 between between IN 33914 476 25 the the DT 33914 476 26 first first JJ 33914 476 27 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 476 28 and and CC 33914 476 29 the the DT 33914 476 30 trochlea trochlea NN 33914 476 31 for for IN 33914 476 32 digit digit NN 33914 476 33 II II NNP 33914 476 34 . . . 33914 477 1 In in IN 33914 477 2 this this DT 33914 477 3 region region NN 33914 477 4 the the DT 33914 477 5 tendon tendon NNP 33914 477 6 envelops envelop VBZ 33914 477 7 the the DT 33914 477 8 tendon tendon NN 33914 477 9 of of IN 33914 477 10 the the DT 33914 477 11 _ _ NNP 33914 477 12 m. m. NN 33914 478 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 478 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 478 3 longus longus NNP 33914 478 4 _ _ NNP 33914 478 5 and and CC 33914 478 6 inserts insert NNS 33914 478 7 on on IN 33914 478 8 the the DT 33914 478 9 distal distal JJ 33914 478 10 end end NN 33914 478 11 of of IN 33914 478 12 the the DT 33914 478 13 first first JJ 33914 478 14 metatarsal metatarsal NN 33914 478 15 and and CC 33914 478 16 on on IN 33914 478 17 the the DT 33914 478 18 proximal proximal JJ 33914 478 19 end end NN 33914 478 20 of of IN 33914 478 21 the the DT 33914 478 22 first first JJ 33914 478 23 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 478 24 of of IN 33914 478 25 the the DT 33914 478 26 first first JJ 33914 478 27 digit digit NN 33914 478 28 . . . 33914 479 1 Action.--Flexes Action.--Flexes NNP 33914 479 2 hallux hallux NNP 33914 479 3 ; ; : 33914 479 4 action action NN 33914 479 5 must must MD 33914 479 6 be be VB 33914 479 7 slight slight JJ 33914 479 8 . . . 33914 480 1 Comparison.--The Comparison.--The VBZ 33914 480 2 small small JJ 33914 480 3 size size NN 33914 480 4 of of IN 33914 480 5 this this DT 33914 480 6 muscle muscle NN 33914 480 7 makes make VBZ 33914 480 8 it -PRON- PRP 33914 480 9 exceedingly exceedingly RB 33914 480 10 difficult difficult JJ 33914 480 11 to to TO 33914 480 12 study study VB 33914 480 13 . . . 33914 481 1 The the DT 33914 481 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 481 3 is be VBZ 33914 481 4 larger large JJR 33914 481 5 in in IN 33914 481 6 _ _ NNP 33914 481 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 481 8 _ _ NNP 33914 481 9 than than IN 33914 481 10 in in IN 33914 481 11 any any DT 33914 481 12 of of IN 33914 481 13 the the DT 33914 481 14 other other JJ 33914 481 15 species specie NNS 33914 481 16 examined examine VBN 33914 481 17 . . . 33914 482 1 This this DT 33914 482 2 may may MD 33914 482 3 be be VB 33914 482 4 correlated correlate VBN 33914 482 5 with with IN 33914 482 6 the the DT 33914 482 7 smaller small JJR 33914 482 8 size size NN 33914 482 9 of of IN 33914 482 10 the the DT 33914 482 11 _ _ NNP 33914 482 12 m. m. NN 33914 483 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 483 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 483 3 longus longus NNP 33914 483 4 _ _ NNP 33914 483 5 in in IN 33914 483 6 this this DT 33914 483 7 species species NN 33914 483 8 . . . 33914 484 1 The the DT 33914 484 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 484 3 does do VBZ 33914 484 4 not not RB 33914 484 5 seem seem VB 33914 484 6 to to TO 33914 484 7 be be VB 33914 484 8 so so RB 33914 484 9 well well RB 33914 484 10 developed develop VBN 33914 484 11 in in IN 33914 484 12 the the DT 33914 484 13 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 484 14 finches finche VBZ 33914 484 15 as as IN 33914 484 16 it -PRON- PRP 33914 484 17 is be VBZ 33914 484 18 in in IN 33914 484 19 the the DT 33914 484 20 other other JJ 33914 484 21 species specie NNS 33914 484 22 . . . 33914 485 1 _ _ NNP 33914 485 2 + + DT 33914 485 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 485 4 abductor abductor NN 33914 485 5 digiti digiti VBD 33914 485 6 IV+ IV+ NNP 33914 485 7 _ _ NNP 33914 485 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 485 9 Fig fig NN 33914 485 10 . . . 33914 486 1 2).--Extremely 2).--extremely CD 33914 486 2 small small JJ 33914 486 3 , , , 33914 486 4 delicate delicate JJ 33914 486 5 and and CC 33914 486 6 difficult difficult JJ 33914 486 7 to to TO 33914 486 8 demonstrate demonstrate VB 33914 486 9 , , , 33914 486 10 this this DT 33914 486 11 muscle muscle NN 33914 486 12 arises arise VBZ 33914 486 13 in in IN 33914 486 14 a a DT 33914 486 15 fleshy fleshy NN 33914 486 16 origin origin NN 33914 486 17 immediately immediately RB 33914 486 18 from from IN 33914 486 19 underneath underneath IN 33914 486 20 the the DT 33914 486 21 posterior posterior JJ 33914 486 22 edge edge NN 33914 486 23 of of IN 33914 486 24 the the DT 33914 486 25 external external JJ 33914 486 26 cotyla cotyla NN 33914 486 27 of of IN 33914 486 28 the the DT 33914 486 29 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 486 30 . . . 33914 487 1 The the DT 33914 487 2 tendon tendon NN 33914 487 3 of of IN 33914 487 4 insertion insertion NN 33914 487 5 is be VBZ 33914 487 6 long long JJ 33914 487 7 and and CC 33914 487 8 slender slend JJR 33914 487 9 and and CC 33914 487 10 inserts insert NNS 33914 487 11 along along IN 33914 487 12 the the DT 33914 487 13 lateral lateral JJ 33914 487 14 edge edge NN 33914 487 15 of of IN 33914 487 16 the the DT 33914 487 17 first first JJ 33914 487 18 phalanx phalanx NN 33914 487 19 of of IN 33914 487 20 digit digit NN 33914 487 21 IV IV NNP 33914 487 22 . . . 33914 488 1 Action.--Abducts Action.--Abducts NNP 33914 488 2 digit digit NN 33914 488 3 IV IV NNP 33914 488 4 . . . 33914 489 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 489 2 significant significant JJ 33914 489 3 differences difference NNS 33914 489 4 noted note VBN 33914 489 5 among among IN 33914 489 6 the the DT 33914 489 7 species specie NNS 33914 489 8 studied study VBN 33914 489 9 . . . 33914 490 1 _ _ NNP 33914 490 2 + + DT 33914 490 3 Musculus Musculus NNP 33914 490 4 lumbricalis.+_--Semitendinous lumbricalis.+_--semitendinous JJ 33914 490 5 throughout throughout IN 33914 490 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 490 7 length length NN 33914 490 8 , , , 33914 490 9 this this DT 33914 490 10 muscle muscle NN 33914 490 11 arises arise VBZ 33914 490 12 from from IN 33914 490 13 the the DT 33914 490 14 ossified ossified JJ 33914 490 15 tendon tendon NN 33914 490 16 of of IN 33914 490 17 the the DT 33914 490 18 _ _ NNP 33914 490 19 m. m. NN 33914 491 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 491 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 491 3 longus longus NNP 33914 491 4 _ _ NNP 33914 491 5 at at IN 33914 491 6 a a DT 33914 491 7 point point NN 33914 491 8 immediately immediately RB 33914 491 9 proximal proximal JJ 33914 491 10 to to IN 33914 491 11 the the DT 33914 491 12 branching branching NN 33914 491 13 of of IN 33914 491 14 this this DT 33914 491 15 tendon tendon NNP 33914 491 16 . . . 33914 492 1 The the DT 33914 492 2 insertion insertion NN 33914 492 3 is be VBZ 33914 492 4 on on IN 33914 492 5 the the DT 33914 492 6 joint joint JJ 33914 492 7 pulleys pulley NNS 33914 492 8 and and CC 33914 492 9 capsules capsule NNS 33914 492 10 at at IN 33914 492 11 the the DT 33914 492 12 base base NN 33914 492 13 of of IN 33914 492 14 the the DT 33914 492 15 third third JJ 33914 492 16 and and CC 33914 492 17 fourth fourth JJ 33914 492 18 digits digit NNS 33914 492 19 . . . 33914 493 1 Action.--Hudson Action.--Hudson NNP 33914 493 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 493 3 1937:57 1937:57 CD 33914 493 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 493 5 states state VBZ 33914 493 6 that that DT 33914 493 7 : : : 33914 493 8 " " `` 33914 493 9 Meckel Meckel NNP 33914 493 10 ( ( -LRB- 33914 493 11 _ _ NNP 33914 493 12 vide vide NN 33914 493 13 _ _ NNP 33914 493 14 Gadow--1891 Gadow--1891 NNP 33914 493 15 , , , 33914 493 16 p. p. NN 33914 493 17 204 204 CD 33914 493 18 ) ) -RRB- 33914 493 19 considered consider VBD 33914 493 20 this this DT 33914 493 21 muscle muscle NN 33914 493 22 as as IN 33914 493 23 serving serve VBG 33914 493 24 to to TO 33914 493 25 draw draw VB 33914 493 26 the the DT 33914 493 27 joint joint JJ 33914 493 28 pulley pulley NN 33914 493 29 behind behind IN 33914 493 30 in in IN 33914 493 31 order order NN 33914 493 32 to to TO 33914 493 33 protect protect VB 33914 493 34 it -PRON- PRP 33914 493 35 from from IN 33914 493 36 pinching pinch VBG 33914 493 37 during during IN 33914 493 38 the the DT 33914 493 39 bending bending NN 33914 493 40 of of IN 33914 493 41 the the DT 33914 493 42 toes toe NNS 33914 493 43 . . . 33914 494 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 494 2 perhaps perhaps RB 33914 494 3 also also RB 33914 494 4 tends tend VBZ 33914 494 5 to to TO 33914 494 6 flex flex VB 33914 494 7 the the DT 33914 494 8 third third JJ 33914 494 9 and and CC 33914 494 10 fourth fourth JJ 33914 494 11 digits digit NNS 33914 494 12 . . . 33914 494 13 " " '' 33914 495 1 Comparison.--No comparison.--no JJ 33914 495 2 significant significant JJ 33914 495 3 differences difference NNS 33914 495 4 noted note VBN 33914 495 5 among among IN 33914 495 6 the the DT 33914 495 7 species specie NNS 33914 495 8 studied study VBN 33914 495 9 . . . 33914 496 1 Discussion discussion NN 33914 496 2 of of IN 33914 496 3 the the DT 33914 496 4 Myological Myological NNP 33914 496 5 Investigations Investigations NNPS 33914 496 6 Simpson Simpson NNP 33914 496 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 496 8 1944:12 1944:12 CD 33914 496 9 ) ) -RRB- 33914 496 10 and and CC 33914 496 11 others other NNS 33914 496 12 have have VBP 33914 496 13 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 496 14 that that IN 33914 496 15 different different JJ 33914 496 16 parts part NNS 33914 496 17 of of IN 33914 496 18 organisms organism NNS 33914 496 19 evolve evolve VBP 33914 496 20 at at IN 33914 496 21 different different JJ 33914 496 22 rates rate NNS 33914 496 23 . . . 33914 497 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 497 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 497 3 1951b:275 1951b:275 CD 33914 497 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 497 5 in in IN 33914 497 6 stating state VBG 33914 497 7 that that IN 33914 497 8 " " `` 33914 497 9 ... ... NFP 33914 497 10 the the DT 33914 497 11 hind hind NN 33914 497 12 limb limb NN 33914 497 13 is be VBZ 33914 497 14 very very RB 33914 497 15 similar similar JJ 33914 497 16 in in IN 33914 497 17 muscle muscle NN 33914 497 18 pattern pattern NN 33914 497 19 throughout throughout IN 33914 497 20 the the DT 33914 497 21 Order Order NNP 33914 497 22 Passeriformes Passeriformes NNPS 33914 497 23 and and CC 33914 497 24 seems seem VBZ 33914 497 25 to to TO 33914 497 26 have have VB 33914 497 27 become become VBN 33914 497 28 relatively relatively RB 33914 497 29 static static JJ 33914 497 30 after after IN 33914 497 31 attaining attain VBG 33914 497 32 a a DT 33914 497 33 high high JJ 33914 497 34 level level NN 33914 497 35 of of IN 33914 497 36 general general JJ 33914 497 37 efficiency efficiency NN 33914 497 38 ... ... : 33914 497 39 " " '' 33914 497 40 implies imply VBZ 33914 497 41 that that IN 33914 497 42 the the DT 33914 497 43 muscle muscle NN 33914 497 44 pattern pattern NN 33914 497 45 of of IN 33914 497 46 the the DT 33914 497 47 leg leg NN 33914 497 48 must must MD 33914 497 49 be be VB 33914 497 50 one one CD 33914 497 51 of of IN 33914 497 52 long long JJ 33914 497 53 standing standing NN 33914 497 54 and and CC 33914 497 55 slow slow JJ 33914 497 56 change change NN 33914 497 57 . . . 33914 498 1 This this DT 33914 498 2 concept concept NN 33914 498 3 was be VBD 33914 498 4 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 498 5 by by IN 33914 498 6 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 498 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 498 8 1937 1937 CD 33914 498 9 ) ) -RRB- 33914 498 10 who who WP 33914 498 11 found find VBD 33914 498 12 but but CC 33914 498 13 little little JJ 33914 498 14 variation variation NN 33914 498 15 in in IN 33914 498 16 muscle muscle NN 33914 498 17 pattern pattern NN 33914 498 18 among among IN 33914 498 19 members member NNS 33914 498 20 of of IN 33914 498 21 the the DT 33914 498 22 several several JJ 33914 498 23 families family NNS 33914 498 24 of of IN 33914 498 25 passerine passerine NN 33914 498 26 birds bird NNS 33914 498 27 . . . 33914 499 1 The the DT 33914 499 2 concept concept NN 33914 499 3 is be VBZ 33914 499 4 further further RB 33914 499 5 confirmed confirm VBN 33914 499 6 by by IN 33914 499 7 the the DT 33914 499 8 present present JJ 33914 499 9 investigation investigation NN 33914 499 10 . . . 33914 500 1 The the DT 33914 500 2 intricate intricate JJ 33914 500 3 patterns pattern NNS 33914 500 4 of of IN 33914 500 5 origin origin NN 33914 500 6 and and CC 33914 500 7 of of IN 33914 500 8 insertion insertion NN 33914 500 9 seem seem VBP 33914 500 10 to to TO 33914 500 11 remain remain VB 33914 500 12 almost almost RB 33914 500 13 the the DT 33914 500 14 same same JJ 33914 500 15 throughout throughout IN 33914 500 16 the the DT 33914 500 17 order order NN 33914 500 18 in in IN 33914 500 19 spite spite NN 33914 500 20 of of IN 33914 500 21 adaptive adaptive JJ 33914 500 22 radiation radiation NN 33914 500 23 which which WDT 33914 500 24 has have VBZ 33914 500 25 occurred occur VBN 33914 500 26 . . . 33914 501 1 Two two CD 33914 501 2 major major JJ 33914 501 3 differences difference NNS 33914 501 4 in in IN 33914 501 5 patterns pattern NNS 33914 501 6 of of IN 33914 501 7 leg leg NN 33914 501 8 - - HYPH 33914 501 9 musculature musculature NN 33914 501 10 , , , 33914 501 11 however however RB 33914 501 12 , , , 33914 501 13 were be VBD 33914 501 14 found find VBN 33914 501 15 among among IN 33914 501 16 the the DT 33914 501 17 species specie NNS 33914 501 18 studied study VBD 33914 501 19 , , , 33914 501 20 and and CC 33914 501 21 these these DT 33914 501 22 differences difference NNS 33914 501 23 are be VBP 33914 501 24 significant significant JJ 33914 501 25 since since IN 33914 501 26 they -PRON- PRP 33914 501 27 are be VBP 33914 501 28 consistent consistent JJ 33914 501 29 between between IN 33914 501 30 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 501 31 . . . 33914 502 1 The the DT 33914 502 2 muscles muscle NNS 33914 502 3 involved involve VBN 33914 502 4 are be VBP 33914 502 5 the the DT 33914 502 6 _ _ NNP 33914 502 7 m. m. NN 33914 503 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 503 2 externus externus NN 33914 503 3 _ _ NNP 33914 503 4 and and CC 33914 503 5 the the DT 33914 503 6 _ _ NNP 33914 503 7 pars par NNS 33914 503 8 interna interna NNP 33914 503 9 _ _ NNP 33914 503 10 of of IN 33914 503 11 the the DT 33914 503 12 _ _ NNP 33914 503 13 m. m. NN 33914 504 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 504 2 _ _ NNP 33914 504 3 . . . 33914 505 1 The the DT 33914 505 2 _ _ NNP 33914 505 3 m. m. NN 33914 506 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 506 2 externus externus NN 33914 506 3 _ _ NNP 33914 506 4 is be VBZ 33914 506 5 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 506 6 , , , 33914 506 7 consisting consist VBG 33914 506 8 of of IN 33914 506 9 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 506 10 and and CC 33914 506 11 ventral ventral JJ 33914 506 12 parts part NNS 33914 506 13 , , , 33914 506 14 in in IN 33914 506 15 the the DT 33914 506 16 passerine passerine JJ 33914 506 17 species specie NNS 33914 506 18 studied study VBN 33914 506 19 by by IN 33914 506 20 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 506 21 ( ( -LRB- 33914 506 22 1937 1937 CD 33914 506 23 ) ) -RRB- 33914 506 24 and and CC 33914 506 25 in in IN 33914 506 26 all all DT 33914 506 27 of of IN 33914 506 28 the the DT 33914 506 29 species specie NNS 33914 506 30 examined examine VBN 33914 506 31 by by IN 33914 506 32 me -PRON- PRP 33914 506 33 except except IN 33914 506 34 the the DT 33914 506 35 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 506 36 and and CC 33914 506 37 the the DT 33914 506 38 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 506 39 finches finche VBZ 33914 506 40 . . . 33914 507 1 In in IN 33914 507 2 the the DT 33914 507 3 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 507 4 and and CC 33914 507 5 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 507 6 finches finche VBZ 33914 507 7 this this DT 33914 507 8 muscle muscle NN 33914 507 9 is be VBZ 33914 507 10 undivided undivided JJ 33914 507 11 and and CC 33914 507 12 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 507 13 in in IN 33914 507 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 507 15 position position NN 33914 507 16 , , , 33914 507 17 origin origin NN 33914 507 18 , , , 33914 507 19 and and CC 33914 507 20 insertion insertion NN 33914 507 21 only only RB 33914 507 22 the the DT 33914 507 23 ventral ventral JJ 33914 507 24 portion portion NN 33914 507 25 of of IN 33914 507 26 the the DT 33914 507 27 muscle muscle NN 33914 507 28 found find VBN 33914 507 29 in in IN 33914 507 30 the the DT 33914 507 31 other other JJ 33914 507 32 birds bird NNS 33914 507 33 studied study VBN 33914 507 34 . . . 33914 508 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 508 2 is be VBZ 33914 508 3 difficult difficult JJ 33914 508 4 to to TO 33914 508 5 imagine imagine VB 33914 508 6 what what WDT 33914 508 7 advantage advantage NN 33914 508 8 or or CC 33914 508 9 disadvantage disadvantage NN 33914 508 10 might may MD 33914 508 11 be be VB 33914 508 12 associated associate VBN 33914 508 13 with with IN 33914 508 14 the the DT 33914 508 15 bipartite bipartite NN 33914 508 16 or or CC 33914 508 17 with with IN 33914 508 18 the the DT 33914 508 19 undivided undivided JJ 33914 508 20 condition condition NN 33914 508 21 . . . 33914 509 1 The the DT 33914 509 2 action action NN 33914 509 3 of of IN 33914 509 4 this this DT 33914 509 5 muscle muscle NN 33914 509 6 is be VBZ 33914 509 7 to to TO 33914 509 8 rotate rotate VB 33914 509 9 the the DT 33914 509 10 femur femur NN 33914 509 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 509 12 right right JJ 33914 509 13 femur femur NN 33914 509 14 clockwise clockwise NN 33914 509 15 , , , 33914 509 16 left leave VBD 33914 509 17 femur femur NN 33914 509 18 counterclockwise counterclockwise NN 33914 509 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 509 20 , , , 33914 509 21 and and CC 33914 509 22 certainly certainly RB 33914 509 23 the the DT 33914 509 24 greater great JJR 33914 509 25 mass mass NN 33914 509 26 of of IN 33914 509 27 the the DT 33914 509 28 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 509 29 muscle muscle NN 33914 509 30 could could MD 33914 509 31 lend lend VB 33914 509 32 greater great JJR 33914 509 33 strength strength NN 33914 509 34 to to IN 33914 509 35 such such JJ 33914 509 36 action action NN 33914 509 37 . . . 33914 510 1 The the DT 33914 510 2 possible possible JJ 33914 510 3 significance significance NN 33914 510 4 of of IN 33914 510 5 this this DT 33914 510 6 is be VBZ 33914 510 7 discussed discuss VBN 33914 510 8 below below RB 33914 510 9 . . . 33914 511 1 List List NNP 33914 511 2 of of IN 33914 511 3 Abbreviations Abbreviations NNPS 33914 511 4 Used use VBN 33914 511 5 in in IN 33914 511 6 Figures Figures NNP 33914 511 7 Abd Abd NNP 33914 511 8 . . . 33914 512 1 dig dig UH 33914 512 2 . . . 33914 513 1 IV IV NNP 33914 513 2 _ _ NNP 33914 513 3 M. M. NNP 33914 514 1 abductor abductor NN 33914 514 2 digiti digiti NNP 33914 514 3 IV IV NNP 33914 514 4 _ _ NNP 33914 514 5 Acc Acc NNP 33914 514 6 . . . 33914 515 1 _ _ NNP 33914 515 2 M. M. NNP 33914 516 1 accessorius accessorius NNP 33914 516 2 semitendinosi semitendinosi IN 33914 516 3 _ _ NNP 33914 516 4 Add Add NNP 33914 516 5 . . . 33914 517 1 long long RB 33914 517 2 . . . 33914 518 1 _ _ NNP 33914 518 2 M. M. NNP 33914 519 1 adductor adductor NNP 33914 519 2 longus longus NNP 33914 519 3 et et NNP 33914 519 4 brevis brevis FW 33914 519 5 _ _ NNP 33914 519 6 Anterolat Anterolat NNP 33914 519 7 . . . 33914 520 1 can can MD 33914 520 2 . . . 33914 521 1 Anterolateral anterolateral JJ 33914 521 2 canal canal NN 33914 521 3 of of IN 33914 521 4 hypotarsus hypotarsus NNP 33914 521 5 Anteromed Anteromed NNP 33914 521 6 . . . 33914 522 1 can can MD 33914 522 2 . . . 33914 523 1 Anteromedial anteromedial JJ 33914 523 2 canal canal NN 33914 523 3 of of IN 33914 523 4 hypotarsus hypotarsus NNP 33914 523 5 Bic Bic NNP 33914 523 6 . . . 33914 524 1 fem fem NNP 33914 524 2 . . . 33914 525 1 _ _ NNP 33914 525 2 M. M. NNP 33914 526 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 526 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 526 3 _ _ NNP 33914 526 4 Bic Bic NNP 33914 526 5 . . . 33914 527 1 loop loop NNP 33914 527 2 Loop Loop NNP 33914 527 3 for for IN 33914 527 4 _ _ NNP 33914 527 5 m. m. NN 33914 528 1 biceps biceps NNP 33914 528 2 femoris femoris NNP 33914 528 3 _ _ NNP 33914 528 4 Ext Ext NNP 33914 528 5 . . . 33914 529 1 cot cot NNP 33914 529 2 . . . 33914 530 1 External external JJ 33914 530 2 cotyla cotyla NNS 33914 530 3 Ext Ext NNP 33914 530 4 . . . 33914 531 1 dig dig UH 33914 531 2 . . . 33914 532 1 l. l. NNP 33914 532 2 _ _ NNP 33914 532 3 M. M. NNP 33914 533 1 extensor extensor NNP 33914 533 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 533 3 longus longus NNP 33914 533 4 _ _ NNP 33914 533 5 Ext Ext NNP 33914 533 6 . . . 33914 534 1 hal hal NNP 33914 534 2 . . . 33914 535 1 l. l. NNP 33914 535 2 _ _ NNP 33914 535 3 M. M. NNP 33914 536 1 extensor extensor NNP 33914 536 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 536 3 longus longus NNP 33914 536 4 _ _ NNP 33914 536 5 Fem Fem NNP 33914 536 6 . . . 33914 537 1 tib tib NNP 33914 537 2 . . . 33914 538 1 ext ext UH 33914 538 2 . . . 33914 539 1 _ _ NNP 33914 539 2 M. M. NNP 33914 540 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis JJ 33914 540 2 externus externus NN 33914 540 3 _ _ NNP 33914 540 4 Fem Fem NNP 33914 540 5 . . . 33914 541 1 tib tib NNP 33914 541 2 . . . 33914 542 1 int int UH 33914 542 2 . . . 33914 543 1 _ _ NNP 33914 543 2 M. M. NNP 33914 544 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis JJ 33914 544 2 internus internus NNP 33914 544 3 _ _ NNP 33914 544 4 Fem Fem NNP 33914 544 5 . . . 33914 545 1 tib tib NNP 33914 545 2 . . . 33914 546 1 med med JJ 33914 546 2 . . . 33914 547 1 _ _ NNP 33914 547 2 M. M. NNP 33914 548 1 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 548 2 medius medius NNP 33914 548 3 _ _ NNP 33914 548 4 F. F. NNP 33914 548 5 dig dig NN 33914 548 6 . . . 33914 549 1 l. l. NNP 33914 549 2 _ _ NNP 33914 549 3 M. M. NNP 33914 550 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 550 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 550 3 longus longus NNP 33914 550 4 _ _ NNP 33914 550 5 F. F. NNP 33914 550 6 hal hal NNP 33914 550 7 . . . 33914 551 1 brev brev VB 33914 551 2 . . . 33914 552 1 _ _ NNP 33914 552 2 M. M. NNP 33914 553 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 553 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 553 3 brevis brevis NNP 33914 553 4 _ _ NNP 33914 553 5 F. F. NNP 33914 553 6 hal hal NNP 33914 553 7 . . . 33914 554 1 l. l. NNP 33914 554 2 _ _ NNP 33914 554 3 M. M. NNP 33914 555 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 555 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 555 3 longus longus NNP 33914 555 4 _ _ NNP 33914 555 5 F. F. NNP 33914 555 6 p. p. NNP 33914 555 7 et et NNP 33914 555 8 p. p. NN 33914 555 9 d. d. NNP 33914 555 10 II II NNP 33914 555 11 _ _ NNP 33914 555 12 M. M. NNP 33914 556 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 556 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 556 3 et et NNP 33914 556 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 556 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 556 6 II II NNP 33914 556 7 _ _ NNP 33914 556 8 F. F. NNP 33914 556 9 p. p. NNP 33914 556 10 et et NNP 33914 556 11 p. p. NN 33914 556 12 d. d. NNP 33914 556 13 III III NNP 33914 556 14 _ _ NNP 33914 556 15 M. M. NNP 33914 557 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 557 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 557 3 et et NNP 33914 557 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 557 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 557 6 III III NNP 33914 557 7 _ _ NNP 33914 557 8 F. F. NNP 33914 557 9 per per NN 33914 557 10 . . . 33914 558 1 d. d. NNP 33914 558 2 II II NNP 33914 558 3 _ _ NNP 33914 558 4 M. M. NNP 33914 559 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 559 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 559 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 559 4 II II NNP 33914 559 5 _ _ NNP 33914 559 6 F. F. NNP 33914 559 7 per per NN 33914 559 8 . . . 33914 560 1 d. d. NNP 33914 560 2 III III NNP 33914 560 3 _ _ NNP 33914 560 4 M. M. NNP 33914 561 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 561 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 561 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 561 4 III III NNP 33914 561 5 _ _ NNP 33914 561 6 F. F. NNP 33914 561 7 per per NN 33914 561 8 . . . 33914 562 1 d. d. NNP 33914 562 2 IV IV NNP 33914 562 3 _ _ NNP 33914 562 4 M. M. NNP 33914 563 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 563 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 563 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 563 4 IV IV NNP 33914 563 5 _ _ NNP 33914 563 6 Gas Gas NNP 33914 563 7 . . . 33914 564 1 _ _ NNP 33914 564 2 M. M. NNP 33914 565 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 565 2 _ _ NNP 33914 565 3 Iliacus Iliacus NNP 33914 565 4 _ _ NNP 33914 565 5 M. M. NNP 33914 566 1 iliacus iliacus NNP 33914 566 2 _ _ NNP 33914 566 3 Il Il NNP 33914 566 4 . . . 33914 567 1 tib tib NNP 33914 567 2 . . . 33914 568 1 _ _ NNP 33914 568 2 M. M. NNP 33914 569 1 iliotibialis iliotibialis NNP 33914 569 2 _ _ NNP 33914 569 3 Il Il NNP 33914 569 4 . . . 33914 570 1 troc troc NNP 33914 570 2 . . . 33914 571 1 ant ant NN 33914 571 2 . . . 33914 572 1 _ _ NNP 33914 572 2 M. M. NNP 33914 573 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 573 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 573 3 _ _ NNP 33914 573 4 Il Il NNP 33914 573 5 . . . 33914 574 1 troc troc NNP 33914 574 2 . . . 33914 575 1 med med JJ 33914 575 2 . . . 33914 576 1 _ _ NNP 33914 576 2 M. M. NNP 33914 577 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 577 2 medius medius NNP 33914 577 3 _ _ NNP 33914 577 4 Il Il NNP 33914 577 5 . . . 33914 578 1 troc troc NNP 33914 578 2 . . . 33914 579 1 post post NNP 33914 579 2 . . . 33914 580 1 _ _ NNP 33914 580 2 M. M. NNP 33914 581 1 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 581 2 posticus posticus NNP 33914 581 3 _ _ NNP 33914 581 4 Int Int NNP 33914 581 5 . . . 33914 582 1 cot cot NNP 33914 582 2 . . . 33914 583 1 Internal internal JJ 33914 583 2 cotyla cotyla NN 33914 583 3 Isch Isch NNP 33914 583 4 . . . 33914 584 1 fem fem NNP 33914 584 2 . . . 33914 585 1 _ _ NNP 33914 585 2 M. M. NNP 33914 586 1 ischiofemoralis ischiofemoralis NNP 33914 586 2 _ _ NNP 33914 586 3 Midmed Midmed NNP 33914 586 4 . . . 33914 587 1 can can MD 33914 587 2 . . . 33914 588 1 Midmedial midmedial JJ 33914 588 2 canal canal NN 33914 588 3 of of IN 33914 588 4 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 588 5 Obt Obt NNP 33914 588 6 . . . 33914 589 1 ext ext UH 33914 589 2 . . . 33914 590 1 _ _ NNP 33914 590 2 M. M. NNP 33914 591 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 591 2 externus externus NN 33914 591 3 _ _ NNP 33914 591 4 Obt Obt NNP 33914 591 5 . . . 33914 592 1 int int UH 33914 592 2 . . . 33914 593 1 _ _ NNP 33914 593 2 M. M. NNP 33914 594 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 594 2 internus internus NNP 33914 594 3 _ _ NNP 33914 594 4 P. P. NNP 33914 594 5 ant ant NNP 33914 594 6 . . . 33914 595 1 _ _ NNP 33914 595 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 595 3 anticus anticus NN 33914 595 4 _ _ NNP 33914 595 5 P. P. NNP 33914 595 6 ext ext NNP 33914 595 7 . . . 33914 596 1 _ _ NNP 33914 596 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 596 3 externa externa NNP 33914 596 4 _ _ NNP 33914 596 5 P. P. NNP 33914 596 6 int int NNP 33914 596 7 . . . 33914 597 1 _ _ NNP 33914 597 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 597 3 interna interna NNP 33914 597 4 _ _ NNP 33914 597 5 P. P. NNP 33914 597 6 med med NNP 33914 597 7 . . . 33914 598 1 _ _ NNP 33914 598 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 598 3 media medium NNS 33914 598 4 _ _ NNP 33914 598 5 P. P. NNP 33914 598 6 post post NN 33914 598 7 . . . 33914 599 1 _ _ NNP 33914 599 2 Pars Pars NNP 33914 599 3 posticus posticus NN 33914 599 4 _ _ NNP 33914 599 5 Per per IN 33914 599 6 . . . 33914 600 1 brev brev VB 33914 600 2 . . . 33914 601 1 _ _ NNP 33914 601 2 M. M. NNP 33914 602 1 peroneus peroneus NNP 33914 602 2 brevis brevis NNP 33914 602 3 _ _ NNP 33914 602 4 Per Per NNP 33914 602 5 . . . 33914 603 1 long long RB 33914 603 2 . . . 33914 604 1 _ _ NNP 33914 604 2 M. M. NNP 33914 605 1 peroneus peroneus NNP 33914 605 2 longus longus NNP 33914 605 3 _ _ NNP 33914 605 4 Pirif Pirif NNP 33914 605 5 . . . 33914 606 1 _ _ NNP 33914 606 2 M. M. NNP 33914 607 1 piriformis piriformis NNP 33914 607 2 _ _ NNP 33914 607 3 Plan Plan NNP 33914 607 4 . . . 33914 608 1 _ _ NNP 33914 608 2 M. M. NNP 33914 609 1 plantaris plantaris NNP 33914 609 2 _ _ NNP 33914 609 3 Posterolat Posterolat NNP 33914 609 4 . . . 33914 610 1 can can MD 33914 610 2 . . . 33914 611 1 Posterolateral posterolateral JJ 33914 611 2 canal canal NN 33914 611 3 of of IN 33914 611 4 hypotarsus hypotarsus NNP 33914 611 5 Posteromed Posteromed NNP 33914 611 6 . . . 33914 612 1 can can MD 33914 612 2 . . . 33914 613 1 Posteromedial posteromedial JJ 33914 613 2 canal canal NN 33914 613 3 of of IN 33914 613 4 hypotarsus hypotarsus NNP 33914 613 5 Sar Sar NNP 33914 613 6 . . . 33914 614 1 _ _ NNP 33914 614 2 M. M. NNP 33914 615 1 sartorius sartorius NNP 33914 615 2 _ _ NNP 33914 615 3 Semim Semim NNP 33914 615 4 . . . 33914 616 1 _ _ NNP 33914 616 2 M. M. NNP 33914 617 1 semimembranosus semimembranosus NNP 33914 617 2 _ _ NNP 33914 617 3 Semit Semit NNP 33914 617 4 . . . 33914 618 1 _ _ NNP 33914 618 2 M. M. NNP 33914 619 1 semitendinosus semitendinosus NNP 33914 619 2 _ _ NNP 33914 619 3 Tib Tib NNP 33914 619 4 . . . 33914 620 1 ant ant NN 33914 620 2 . . . 33914 621 1 _ _ NNP 33914 621 2 M. M. NNP 33914 622 1 tibialis tibialis NNP 33914 622 2 anticus anticus NNP 33914 622 3 _ _ NNP 33914 622 4 Tib Tib NNP 33914 622 5 . . . 33914 623 1 cart cart NNP 33914 623 2 . . . 33914 624 1 Tibial tibial JJ 33914 624 2 cartilage cartilage NN 33914 624 3 [ [ -LRB- 33914 624 4 Illustration illustration NN 33914 624 5 : : : 33914 624 6 FIG FIG NNP 33914 624 7 . . . 33914 625 1 1 1 LS 33914 625 2 . . . 33914 626 1 _ _ NNP 33914 626 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 626 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 626 4 . . . 33914 626 5 _ _ NNP 33914 626 6 Lateral lateral JJ 33914 626 7 view view NN 33914 626 8 of of IN 33914 626 9 the the DT 33914 626 10 superficial superficial JJ 33914 626 11 muscles muscle NNS 33914 626 12 of of IN 33914 626 13 the the DT 33914 626 14 left left JJ 33914 626 15 leg leg NN 33914 626 16 , , , 33914 626 17 à à NNP 33914 626 18 � � NNP 33914 626 19 1.5 1.5 CD 33914 626 20 . . . 33914 626 21 ] ] -RRB- 33914 627 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 627 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 627 3 : : : 33914 627 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 627 5 . . . 33914 628 1 2 2 LS 33914 628 2 . . . 33914 629 1 _ _ NNP 33914 629 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 629 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 629 4 . . . 33914 629 5 _ _ NNP 33914 629 6 Lateral lateral JJ 33914 629 7 view view NN 33914 629 8 of of IN 33914 629 9 the the DT 33914 629 10 left left JJ 33914 629 11 leg leg NN 33914 629 12 showing show VBG 33914 629 13 a a DT 33914 629 14 deeper deep JJR 33914 629 15 set set NN 33914 629 16 of of IN 33914 629 17 muscles muscle NNS 33914 629 18 . . . 33914 630 1 The the DT 33914 630 2 superficial superficial JJ 33914 630 3 muscles muscle NNS 33914 630 4 _ _ NNP 33914 630 5 iliotibialis iliotibialis NNP 33914 630 6 _ _ NNP 33914 630 7 , , , 33914 630 8 _ _ NNP 33914 630 9 sartorius sartorius NN 33914 630 10 _ _ NNP 33914 630 11 , , , 33914 630 12 _ _ NNP 33914 630 13 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NN 33914 630 14 _ _ NNP 33914 630 15 and and CC 33914 630 16 _ _ NNP 33914 630 17 peroneus peroneus NN 33914 630 18 longus longus NNP 33914 630 19 _ _ NNP 33914 630 20 have have VBP 33914 630 21 been be VBN 33914 630 22 removed remove VBN 33914 630 23 , , , 33914 630 24 à à NNP 33914 630 25 � � NNP 33914 630 26 1.5 1.5 CD 33914 630 27 . . . 33914 630 28 ] ] -RRB- 33914 631 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 631 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 631 3 : : : 33914 631 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 631 5 . . . 33914 632 1 3 3 LS 33914 632 2 . . . 33914 633 1 _ _ NNP 33914 633 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 633 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 633 4 . . . 33914 633 5 _ _ NNP 33914 633 6 Lateral lateral JJ 33914 633 7 view view NN 33914 633 8 of of IN 33914 633 9 the the DT 33914 633 10 left left JJ 33914 633 11 leg leg NN 33914 633 12 showing show VBG 33914 633 13 the the DT 33914 633 14 still still RB 33914 633 15 deeper deep JJR 33914 633 16 muscles muscle NNS 33914 633 17 . . . 33914 634 1 In in IN 33914 634 2 addition addition NN 33914 634 3 to to IN 33914 634 4 those those DT 33914 634 5 listed list VBN 33914 634 6 for for IN 33914 634 7 figure figure NN 33914 634 8 2 2 CD 33914 634 9 , , , 33914 634 10 the the DT 33914 634 11 following follow VBG 33914 634 12 muscles muscle NNS 33914 634 13 have have VBP 33914 634 14 been be VBN 33914 634 15 wholly wholly RB 33914 634 16 or or CC 33914 634 17 partly partly RB 33914 634 18 removed remove VBN 33914 634 19 : : : 33914 634 20 _ _ NNP 33914 634 21 iliotrochantericus iliotrochantericus NNP 33914 634 22 posticus posticus NNP 33914 634 23 _ _ NNP 33914 634 24 , , , 33914 634 25 _ _ NNP 33914 634 26 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 634 27 externus externus NN 33914 634 28 _ _ NNP 33914 634 29 , , , 33914 634 30 _ _ NNP 33914 634 31 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 634 32 medius medius NNP 33914 634 33 _ _ NNP 33914 634 34 , , , 33914 634 35 _ _ NNP 33914 634 36 biceps biceps NNP 33914 634 37 femoris femoris NNP 33914 634 38 _ _ NNP 33914 634 39 , , , 33914 634 40 _ _ NNP 33914 634 41 semitendinosus semitendinosus NN 33914 634 42 _ _ NNP 33914 634 43 , , , 33914 634 44 _ _ NNP 33914 634 45 tibialis tibialis NNP 33914 634 46 anticus anticus NNP 33914 634 47 _ _ NNP 33914 634 48 , , , 33914 634 49 _ _ NNP 33914 634 50 flexor flexor NN 33914 634 51 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 634 52 et et NNP 33914 634 53 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 634 54 digiti digiti NNP 33914 634 55 II II NNP 33914 634 56 _ _ NNP 33914 634 57 , , , 33914 634 58 and and CC 33914 634 59 _ _ NNP 33914 634 60 flexor flexor NNP 33914 634 61 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 634 62 et et NN 33914 634 63 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 634 64 digiti digiti NNP 33914 634 65 III III NNP 33914 634 66 _ _ NNP 33914 634 67 , , , 33914 634 68 à à NNP 33914 634 69 � � NNP 33914 634 70 1.5 1.5 CD 33914 634 71 . . . 33914 634 72 ] ] -RRB- 33914 635 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 635 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 635 3 : : : 33914 635 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 635 5 . . . 33914 636 1 4 4 LS 33914 636 2 . . . 33914 637 1 _ _ NNP 33914 637 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 637 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 637 4 . . . 33914 637 5 _ _ NNP 33914 637 6 Medial Medial NNP 33914 637 7 view view NN 33914 637 8 of of IN 33914 637 9 the the DT 33914 637 10 superficial superficial JJ 33914 637 11 muscles muscle NNS 33914 637 12 of of IN 33914 637 13 the the DT 33914 637 14 left left JJ 33914 637 15 leg leg NN 33914 637 16 , , , 33914 637 17 à à NNP 33914 637 18 � � NNP 33914 637 19 1.5 1.5 CD 33914 637 20 . . . 33914 637 21 ] ] -RRB- 33914 638 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 638 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 638 3 : : : 33914 638 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 638 5 . . . 33914 639 1 5 5 CD 33914 639 2 . . . 33914 640 1 _ _ NNP 33914 640 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 640 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 640 4 . . . 33914 640 5 _ _ NNP 33914 640 6 Medial Medial NNP 33914 640 7 view view NN 33914 640 8 of of IN 33914 640 9 the the DT 33914 640 10 left left JJ 33914 640 11 leg leg NN 33914 640 12 showing show VBG 33914 640 13 a a DT 33914 640 14 deeper deep JJR 33914 640 15 set set NN 33914 640 16 of of IN 33914 640 17 muscles muscle NNS 33914 640 18 than than IN 33914 640 19 those those DT 33914 640 20 seen see VBN 33914 640 21 in in IN 33914 640 22 figure figure NN 33914 640 23 4 4 CD 33914 640 24 . . . 33914 641 1 The the DT 33914 641 2 following following JJ 33914 641 3 superficial superficial JJ 33914 641 4 muscles muscle NNS 33914 641 5 have have VBP 33914 641 6 been be VBN 33914 641 7 removed remove VBN 33914 641 8 : : : 33914 641 9 _ _ NNP 33914 641 10 iliotibialis iliotibialis NNP 33914 641 11 _ _ NNP 33914 641 12 , , , 33914 641 13 _ _ NNP 33914 641 14 sartorius sartorius NN 33914 641 15 _ _ NNP 33914 641 16 , , , 33914 641 17 _ _ NNP 33914 641 18 femorotibialis femorotibialis NNP 33914 641 19 internus internus NNP 33914 641 20 _ _ NNP 33914 641 21 , , , 33914 641 22 _ _ NNP 33914 641 23 obturator obturator NNP 33914 641 24 internus internus NNP 33914 641 25 _ _ NNP 33914 641 26 , , , 33914 641 27 _ _ NNP 33914 641 28 adductor adductor NN 33914 641 29 longus longus NN 33914 641 30 ( ( -LRB- 33914 641 31 pars pars NNP 33914 641 32 posticus posticus NNP 33914 641 33 ) ) -RRB- 33914 641 34 _ _ NNP 33914 641 35 , , , 33914 641 36 _ _ NNP 33914 641 37 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 641 38 _ _ NNP 33914 641 39 , , , 33914 641 40 and and CC 33914 641 41 _ _ NNP 33914 641 42 peroneus peroneus NN 33914 641 43 longus longus NN 33914 641 44 _ _ NNP 33914 641 45 , , , 33914 641 46 à à NNP 33914 641 47 � � NNP 33914 641 48 1.5 1.5 CD 33914 641 49 . . . 33914 641 50 ] ] -RRB- 33914 642 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 642 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 642 3 : : : 33914 642 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 642 5 . . . 33914 643 1 6 6 CD 33914 643 2 . . . 33914 644 1 _ _ NNP 33914 644 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 644 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 644 4 . . . 33914 644 5 _ _ NNP 33914 644 6 Proximal Proximal NNP 33914 644 7 end end NN 33914 644 8 of of IN 33914 644 9 left left JJ 33914 644 10 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NNP 33914 644 11 and and CC 33914 644 12 the the DT 33914 644 13 hypotarsus hypotarsus NN 33914 644 14 , , , 33914 644 15 à à NNP 33914 644 16 � � NNP 33914 644 17 4 4 CD 33914 644 18 . . . 33914 644 19 ] ] -RRB- 33914 645 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 645 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 645 3 : : : 33914 645 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 645 5 . . . 33914 646 1 7 7 LS 33914 646 2 . . . 33914 647 1 _ _ NNP 33914 647 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 647 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 647 4 . . . 33914 647 5 _ _ NNP 33914 647 6 Lateral lateral JJ 33914 647 7 view view NN 33914 647 8 of of IN 33914 647 9 proximal proximal JJ 33914 647 10 end end NN 33914 647 11 of of IN 33914 647 12 left left JJ 33914 647 13 femur femur NN 33914 647 14 and and CC 33914 647 15 a a DT 33914 647 16 portion portion NN 33914 647 17 of of IN 33914 647 18 the the DT 33914 647 19 pelvis pelvi NNS 33914 647 20 , , , 33914 647 21 à à NNP 33914 647 22 � � NNP 33914 647 23 3.5 3.5 CD 33914 647 24 . . . 33914 647 25 ] ] -RRB- 33914 648 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 648 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 648 3 : : : 33914 648 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 648 5 . . . 33914 649 1 8 8 LS 33914 649 2 . . . 33914 650 1 _ _ NNP 33914 650 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 650 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 650 4 . . . 33914 650 5 _ _ NNP 33914 650 6 Upper upper JJ 33914 650 7 surfaces surface NNS 33914 650 8 of of IN 33914 650 9 the the DT 33914 650 10 phalanges phalanx NNS 33914 650 11 of of IN 33914 650 12 the the DT 33914 650 13 foretoes foretoe NNS 33914 650 14 of of IN 33914 650 15 the the DT 33914 650 16 left left JJ 33914 650 17 foot foot NN 33914 650 18 showing show VBG 33914 650 19 insertions insertion NNS 33914 650 20 of of IN 33914 650 21 the the DT 33914 650 22 _ _ NNP 33914 650 23 M. M. NNP 33914 651 1 extensor extensor NNP 33914 651 2 digitorum digitorum NNP 33914 651 3 longus longus NNP 33914 651 4 _ _ NNP 33914 651 5 , , , 33914 651 6 à à NNP 33914 651 7 � � NNP 33914 651 8 3 3 CD 33914 651 9 . . . 33914 651 10 ] ] -RRB- 33914 652 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 652 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 652 3 : : : 33914 652 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 652 5 . . . 33914 653 1 9 9 CD 33914 653 2 . . . 33914 654 1 _ _ NNP 33914 654 2 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 654 3 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 654 4 . . . 33914 654 5 _ _ NNP 33914 654 6 Medial Medial NNP 33914 654 7 view view NN 33914 654 8 of of IN 33914 654 9 the the DT 33914 654 10 second second JJ 33914 654 11 digit digit NN 33914 654 12 of of IN 33914 654 13 the the DT 33914 654 14 left left JJ 33914 654 15 foot foot NN 33914 654 16 , , , 33914 654 17 showing show VBG 33914 654 18 insertions insertion NNS 33914 654 19 of of IN 33914 654 20 the the DT 33914 654 21 flexor flexor NN 33914 654 22 muscles muscle NNS 33914 654 23 , , , 33914 654 24 à à NNP 33914 654 25 � � NNP 33914 654 26 3 3 CD 33914 654 27 . . . 33914 654 28 ] ] -RRB- 33914 655 1 The the DT 33914 655 2 division division NN 33914 655 3 of of IN 33914 655 4 the the DT 33914 655 5 _ _ NNP 33914 655 6 pars par NNS 33914 655 7 interna interna NNP 33914 655 8 _ _ NNP 33914 655 9 of of IN 33914 655 10 the the DT 33914 655 11 _ _ NNP 33914 655 12 m. m. NN 33914 656 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 656 2 _ _ NNP 33914 656 3 into into IN 33914 656 4 anterior anterior NN 33914 656 5 and and CC 33914 656 6 posterior posterior NN 33914 656 7 parts part NNS 33914 656 8 has have VBZ 33914 656 9 not not RB 33914 656 10 been be VBN 33914 656 11 reported report VBN 33914 656 12 by by IN 33914 656 13 previous previous JJ 33914 656 14 authors author NNS 33914 656 15 yet yet CC 33914 656 16 the the DT 33914 656 17 division division NN 33914 656 18 is be VBZ 33914 656 19 quite quite RB 33914 656 20 distinct distinct JJ 33914 656 21 in in IN 33914 656 22 those those DT 33914 656 23 birds bird NNS 33914 656 24 in in IN 33914 656 25 which which WDT 33914 656 26 it -PRON- PRP 33914 656 27 occurs occur VBZ 33914 656 28 . . . 33914 657 1 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 657 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 657 3 1937:36 1937:36 CD 33914 657 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 657 5 points point VBZ 33914 657 6 out out RP 33914 657 7 that that IN 33914 657 8 in in IN 33914 657 9 some some DT 33914 657 10 non non JJ 33914 657 11 - - JJ 33914 657 12 passerine passerine JJ 33914 657 13 birds bird NNS 33914 657 14 the the DT 33914 657 15 _ _ NNP 33914 657 16 pars par NNS 33914 657 17 interna interna NNP 33914 657 18 _ _ NNP 33914 657 19 is be VBZ 33914 657 20 double double JJ 33914 657 21 , , , 33914 657 22 but but CC 33914 657 23 that that IN 33914 657 24 in in IN 33914 657 25 these these DT 33914 657 26 species specie NNS 33914 657 27 the the DT 33914 657 28 _ _ NNP 33914 657 29 m. m. NN 33914 658 1 semimembranosus semimembranosus NNP 33914 658 2 _ _ NNP 33914 658 3 inserts insert VBZ 33914 658 4 between between IN 33914 658 5 the the DT 33914 658 6 two two CD 33914 658 7 parts part NNS 33914 658 8 . . . 33914 659 1 This this DT 33914 659 2 is be VBZ 33914 659 3 not not RB 33914 659 4 the the DT 33914 659 5 condition condition NN 33914 659 6 in in IN 33914 659 7 those those DT 33914 659 8 species specie NNS 33914 659 9 studied study VBN 33914 659 10 by by IN 33914 659 11 me -PRON- PRP 33914 659 12 . . . 33914 660 1 Only only RB 33914 660 2 the the DT 33914 660 3 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 660 4 and and CC 33914 660 5 the the DT 33914 660 6 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 660 7 finches finche VBZ 33914 660 8 in in IN 33914 660 9 the the DT 33914 660 10 present present JJ 33914 660 11 investigation investigation NN 33914 660 12 fail fail VBP 33914 660 13 to to TO 33914 660 14 show show VB 33914 660 15 such such PDT 33914 660 16 a a DT 33914 660 17 division division NN 33914 660 18 . . . 33914 661 1 The the DT 33914 661 2 undivided undivided JJ 33914 661 3 muscle muscle NN 33914 661 4 in in IN 33914 661 5 these these DT 33914 661 6 birds bird NNS 33914 661 7 resembles resemble NNS 33914 661 8 , , , 33914 661 9 in in IN 33914 661 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 661 11 origin origin NN 33914 661 12 and and CC 33914 661 13 position position NN 33914 661 14 , , , 33914 661 15 the the DT 33914 661 16 posterior posterior NN 33914 661 17 portion portion NN 33914 661 18 of of IN 33914 661 19 the the DT 33914 661 20 muscle muscle NN 33914 661 21 found find VBN 33914 661 22 in in IN 33914 661 23 those those DT 33914 661 24 species specie NNS 33914 661 25 showing show VBG 33914 661 26 the the DT 33914 661 27 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 661 28 condition condition NN 33914 661 29 . . . 33914 662 1 The the DT 33914 662 2 greater great JJR 33914 662 3 mass mass NN 33914 662 4 of of IN 33914 662 5 the the DT 33914 662 6 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 662 7 muscle muscle NN 33914 662 8 probably probably RB 33914 662 9 makes make VBZ 33914 662 10 possible possible JJ 33914 662 11 a a DT 33914 662 12 stronger strong JJR 33914 662 13 extension extension NN 33914 662 14 of of IN 33914 662 15 the the DT 33914 662 16 tarsometatarsus tarsometatarsus NN 33914 662 17 . . . 33914 663 1 Thus thus RB 33914 663 2 , , , 33914 663 3 the the DT 33914 663 4 divided divided JJ 33914 663 5 or or CC 33914 663 6 undivided undivided JJ 33914 663 7 conditions condition NNS 33914 663 8 of of IN 33914 663 9 the the DT 33914 663 10 _ _ NNP 33914 663 11 m. m. NN 33914 664 1 obturator obturator NNP 33914 664 2 externus externus NN 33914 664 3 _ _ NNP 33914 664 4 and and CC 33914 664 5 the the DT 33914 664 6 _ _ NNP 33914 664 7 pars par NNS 33914 664 8 interna interna NNP 33914 664 9 _ _ NNP 33914 664 10 of of IN 33914 664 11 the the DT 33914 664 12 _ _ NNP 33914 664 13 m. m. NN 33914 665 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 665 2 _ _ NNP 33914 665 3 seem seem VBP 33914 665 4 to to TO 33914 665 5 be be VB 33914 665 6 correlated correlate VBN 33914 665 7 with with IN 33914 665 8 the the DT 33914 665 9 degrees degree NNS 33914 665 10 of of IN 33914 665 11 strength strength NN 33914 665 12 of of IN 33914 665 13 certain certain JJ 33914 665 14 movements movement NNS 33914 665 15 of of IN 33914 665 16 the the DT 33914 665 17 leg leg NN 33914 665 18 . . . 33914 666 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 666 2 is be VBZ 33914 666 3 conceivable conceivable JJ 33914 666 4 that that IN 33914 666 5 these these DT 33914 666 6 differences difference NNS 33914 666 7 in in IN 33914 666 8 structure structure NN 33914 666 9 are be VBP 33914 666 10 correlated correlate VBN 33914 666 11 with with IN 33914 666 12 the the DT 33914 666 13 manner manner NN 33914 666 14 in in IN 33914 666 15 which which WDT 33914 666 16 food food NN 33914 666 17 is be VBZ 33914 666 18 obtained obtain VBN 33914 666 19 , , , 33914 666 20 the the DT 33914 666 21 birds bird NNS 33914 666 22 having have VBG 33914 666 23 the the DT 33914 666 24 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 666 25 muscles muscle NNS 33914 666 26 being be VBG 33914 666 27 those those DT 33914 666 28 which which WDT 33914 666 29 spend spend VBP 33914 666 30 the the DT 33914 666 31 most most JJS 33914 666 32 time time NN 33914 666 33 on on IN 33914 666 34 the the DT 33914 666 35 ground ground NN 33914 666 36 searching search VBG 33914 666 37 and and CC 33914 666 38 scratching scratching NN 33914 666 39 for for IN 33914 666 40 seeds seed NNS 33914 666 41 and and CC 33914 666 42 other other JJ 33914 666 43 sorts sort NNS 33914 666 44 of of IN 33914 666 45 food food NN 33914 666 46 . . . 33914 667 1 Yet yet CC 33914 667 2 , , , 33914 667 3 in in IN 33914 667 4 _ _ NNP 33914 667 5 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 667 6 _ _ NNP 33914 667 7 , , , 33914 667 8 a a DT 33914 667 9 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 667 10 , , , 33914 667 11 and and CC 33914 667 12 in in IN 33914 667 13 _ _ NNP 33914 667 14 Calcarius Calcarius NNP 33914 667 15 _ _ NNP 33914 667 16 , , , 33914 667 17 an an DT 33914 667 18 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 667 19 , , , 33914 667 20 whose whose WP$ 33914 667 21 foraging foraging JJ 33914 667 22 habits habit NNS 33914 667 23 are be VBP 33914 667 24 rather rather RB 33914 667 25 similar similar JJ 33914 667 26 , , , 33914 667 27 the the DT 33914 667 28 structure structure NN 33914 667 29 is be VBZ 33914 667 30 unlike unlike JJ 33914 667 31 . . . 33914 668 1 _ _ NNP 33914 668 2 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 668 3 _ _ NNP 33914 668 4 does do VBZ 33914 668 5 resemble resemble VB 33914 668 6 the the DT 33914 668 7 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 668 8 and and CC 33914 668 9 also also RB 33914 668 10 _ _ NNP 33914 668 11 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 668 12 _ _ NNP 33914 668 13 and and CC 33914 668 14 _ _ NNP 33914 668 15 Spzia Spzia NNP 33914 668 16 _ _ NNP 33914 668 17 in in IN 33914 668 18 the the DT 33914 668 19 extension extension NN 33914 668 20 of of IN 33914 668 21 a a DT 33914 668 22 band band NN 33914 668 23 of of IN 33914 668 24 muscle muscle NN 33914 668 25 fibers fiber NNS 33914 668 26 from from IN 33914 668 27 the the DT 33914 668 28 _ _ NNP 33914 668 29 pars par NNS 33914 668 30 interna interna NNP 33914 668 31 _ _ NNP 33914 668 32 of of IN 33914 668 33 the the DT 33914 668 34 _ _ NNP 33914 668 35 m. m. NN 33914 669 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 669 2 _ _ NNP 33914 669 3 around around IN 33914 669 4 the the DT 33914 669 5 front front NN 33914 669 6 of of IN 33914 669 7 the the DT 33914 669 8 knee knee NN 33914 669 9 . . . 33914 670 1 A a DT 33914 670 2 band band NN 33914 670 3 of of IN 33914 670 4 muscle muscle NN 33914 670 5 fibers fiber NNS 33914 670 6 of of IN 33914 670 7 this this DT 33914 670 8 sort sort NN 33914 670 9 strengthens strengthen VBZ 33914 670 10 the the DT 33914 670 11 knee knee NN 33914 670 12 joint joint NN 33914 670 13 and and CC 33914 670 14 gives give VBZ 33914 670 15 still still RB 33914 670 16 more more JJR 33914 670 17 strength strength NN 33914 670 18 to to IN 33914 670 19 the the DT 33914 670 20 _ _ NNP 33914 670 21 pars par NNS 33914 670 22 interna interna NNP 33914 670 23 _ _ NNP 33914 670 24 . . . 33914 671 1 This this DT 33914 671 2 condition condition NN 33914 671 3 has have VBZ 33914 671 4 been be VBN 33914 671 5 reported report VBN 33914 671 6 in in IN 33914 671 7 a a DT 33914 671 8 number number NN 33914 671 9 of of IN 33914 671 10 birds bird NNS 33914 671 11 by by IN 33914 671 12 Hudson Hudson NNP 33914 671 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 671 14 1937 1937 CD 33914 671 15 ) ) -RRB- 33914 671 16 and and CC 33914 671 17 is be VBZ 33914 671 18 , , , 33914 671 19 in in IN 33914 671 20 all all DT 33914 671 21 probability probability NN 33914 671 22 , , , 33914 671 23 an an DT 33914 671 24 adaptation adaptation NN 33914 671 25 for for IN 33914 671 26 greater great JJR 33914 671 27 strength strength NN 33914 671 28 of of IN 33914 671 29 certain certain JJ 33914 671 30 leg leg NN 33914 671 31 movements movement NNS 33914 671 32 . . . 33914 672 1 The the DT 33914 672 2 development development NN 33914 672 3 of of IN 33914 672 4 this this DT 33914 672 5 band band NN 33914 672 6 in in IN 33914 672 7 _ _ NNP 33914 672 8 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 672 9 _ _ NNP 33914 672 10 seems seem VBZ 33914 672 11 to to TO 33914 672 12 parallel parallel VB 33914 672 13 that that IN 33914 672 14 in in IN 33914 672 15 the the DT 33914 672 16 other other JJ 33914 672 17 birds bird NNS 33914 672 18 studied study VBN 33914 672 19 and and CC 33914 672 20 does do VBZ 33914 672 21 not not RB 33914 672 22 indicate indicate VB 33914 672 23 relationship relationship NN 33914 672 24 , , , 33914 672 25 since since IN 33914 672 26 in in IN 33914 672 27 _ _ NNP 33914 672 28 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 672 29 _ _ NNP 33914 672 30 this this DT 33914 672 31 band band NN 33914 672 32 arises arise VBZ 33914 672 33 from from IN 33914 672 34 the the DT 33914 672 35 undivided undivided JJ 33914 672 36 muscle muscle NN 33914 672 37 which which WDT 33914 672 38 ( ( -LRB- 33914 672 39 as as IN 33914 672 40 stated state VBN 33914 672 41 above above IN 33914 672 42 ) ) -RRB- 33914 672 43 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 672 44 only only RB 33914 672 45 the the DT 33914 672 46 posterior posterior NN 33914 672 47 portion portion NN 33914 672 48 of of IN 33914 672 49 the the DT 33914 672 50 bipartite bipartite JJ 33914 672 51 muscle muscle NN 33914 672 52 described describe VBN 33914 672 53 for for IN 33914 672 54 the the DT 33914 672 55 other other JJ 33914 672 56 birds bird NNS 33914 672 57 . . . 33914 673 1 In in IN 33914 673 2 the the DT 33914 673 3 latter latter JJ 33914 673 4 , , , 33914 673 5 the the DT 33914 673 6 muscular muscular JJ 33914 673 7 band band NN 33914 673 8 arises arise VBZ 33914 673 9 from from IN 33914 673 10 the the DT 33914 673 11 anterior anterior JJ 33914 673 12 part part NN 33914 673 13 of of IN 33914 673 14 the the DT 33914 673 15 muscle muscle NN 33914 673 16 . . . 33914 674 1 Minor minor JJ 33914 674 2 differences difference NNS 33914 674 3 in in IN 33914 674 4 muscle muscle NN 33914 674 5 pattern pattern NN 33914 674 6 , , , 33914 674 7 like like IN 33914 674 8 those those DT 33914 674 9 already already RB 33914 674 10 mentioned mention VBN 33914 674 11 , , , 33914 674 12 are be VBP 33914 674 13 consistent consistent JJ 33914 674 14 also also RB 33914 674 15 between between IN 33914 674 16 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 674 17 , , , 33914 674 18 but but CC 33914 674 19 correlation correlation NN 33914 674 20 of of IN 33914 674 21 these these DT 33914 674 22 minor minor JJ 33914 674 23 differences difference NNS 33914 674 24 with with IN 33914 674 25 function function NN 33914 674 26 is be VBZ 33914 674 27 difficult difficult JJ 33914 674 28 . . . 33914 675 1 There there EX 33914 675 2 is be VBZ 33914 675 3 the the DT 33914 675 4 implication implication NN 33914 675 5 , , , 33914 675 6 however however RB 33914 675 7 , , , 33914 675 8 that that IN 33914 675 9 in in IN 33914 675 10 all all PDT 33914 675 11 the the DT 33914 675 12 groups group NNS 33914 675 13 except except IN 33914 675 14 the the DT 33914 675 15 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 675 16 and and CC 33914 675 17 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 675 18 , , , 33914 675 19 the the DT 33914 675 20 emphasis emphasis NN 33914 675 21 is be VBZ 33914 675 22 on on IN 33914 675 23 greater great JJR 33914 675 24 strength strength NN 33914 675 25 and and CC 33914 675 26 mobility mobility NN 33914 675 27 of of IN 33914 675 28 the the DT 33914 675 29 leg leg NN 33914 675 30 . . . 33914 676 1 In in IN 33914 676 2 the the DT 33914 676 3 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 676 4 that that WDT 33914 676 5 were be VBD 33914 676 6 studied study VBN 33914 676 7 the the DT 33914 676 8 origin origin NN 33914 676 9 of of IN 33914 676 10 the the DT 33914 676 11 _ _ NNP 33914 676 12 m. m. NN 33914 677 1 sartorius sartorius NNP 33914 677 2 _ _ NNP 33914 677 3 does do VBZ 33914 677 4 not not RB 33914 677 5 extend extend VB 33914 677 6 so so RB 33914 677 7 far far RB 33914 677 8 craniad craniad NNS 33914 677 9 as as IN 33914 677 10 in in IN 33914 677 11 the the DT 33914 677 12 other other JJ 33914 677 13 species specie NNS 33914 677 14 . . . 33914 678 1 In in IN 33914 678 2 the the DT 33914 678 3 latter latter JJ 33914 678 4 , , , 33914 678 5 at at IN 33914 678 6 least least RBS 33914 678 7 half half NN 33914 678 8 of of IN 33914 678 9 the the DT 33914 678 10 origin origin NN 33914 678 11 is be VBZ 33914 678 12 from from IN 33914 678 13 the the DT 33914 678 14 last last JJ 33914 678 15 one one CD 33914 678 16 or or CC 33914 678 17 two two CD 33914 678 18 free free JJ 33914 678 19 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 678 20 vertebrae vertebra NNS 33914 678 21 ; ; : 33914 678 22 in in IN 33914 678 23 the the DT 33914 678 24 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 678 25 no no RB 33914 678 26 more more JJR 33914 678 27 than than IN 33914 678 28 one one CD 33914 678 29 third third NN 33914 678 30 of of IN 33914 678 31 the the DT 33914 678 32 origin origin NN 33914 678 33 is be VBZ 33914 678 34 anterior anterior JJ 33914 678 35 to to IN 33914 678 36 the the DT 33914 678 37 ilium ilium NN 33914 678 38 . . . 33914 679 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 679 2 is be VBZ 33914 679 3 conceivable conceivable JJ 33914 679 4 that that IN 33914 679 5 the the DT 33914 679 6 more more RBR 33914 679 7 craniad craniad NNS 33914 679 8 the the DT 33914 679 9 origin origin NN 33914 679 10 , , , 33914 679 11 the the DT 33914 679 12 stronger strong JJR 33914 679 13 the the DT 33914 679 14 forward forward JJ 33914 679 15 movement movement NN 33914 679 16 of of IN 33914 679 17 the the DT 33914 679 18 thigh thigh NN 33914 679 19 would would MD 33914 679 20 be be VB 33914 679 21 . . . 33914 680 1 In in IN 33914 680 2 _ _ NNP 33914 680 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 680 4 _ _ NNP 33914 680 5 , , , 33914 680 6 _ _ NNP 33914 680 7 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 680 8 _ _ NNP 33914 680 9 and and CC 33914 680 10 _ _ NNP 33914 680 11 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 680 12 _ _ NNP 33914 680 13 , , , 33914 680 14 and and CC 33914 680 15 in in IN 33914 680 16 all all PDT 33914 680 17 the the DT 33914 680 18 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 680 19 finches finche VBZ 33914 680 20 examined examine VBN 33914 680 21 , , , 33914 680 22 the the DT 33914 680 23 bellies belly NNS 33914 680 24 of of IN 33914 680 25 the the DT 33914 680 26 _ _ NNP 33914 680 27 m. m. NN 33914 681 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 681 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 681 3 et et NNP 33914 681 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 681 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 681 6 II II NNP 33914 681 7 _ _ NNP 33914 681 8 and and CC 33914 681 9 the the DT 33914 681 10 _ _ NNP 33914 681 11 m. m. NN 33914 682 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 682 2 perforans perforans NNPS 33914 682 3 et et NNP 33914 682 4 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 682 5 digiti digiti NNP 33914 682 6 III III NNP 33914 682 7 _ _ NNP 33914 682 8 are be VBP 33914 682 9 more more RBR 33914 682 10 intimately intimately RB 33914 682 11 connected connected JJ 33914 682 12 than than IN 33914 682 13 they -PRON- PRP 33914 682 14 are be VBP 33914 682 15 in in IN 33914 682 16 the the DT 33914 682 17 other other JJ 33914 682 18 species specie NNS 33914 682 19 studied study VBD 33914 682 20 . . . 33914 683 1 Thus thus RB 33914 683 2 , , , 33914 683 3 the the DT 33914 683 4 amount amount NN 33914 683 5 of of IN 33914 683 6 independent independent JJ 33914 683 7 action action NN 33914 683 8 of of IN 33914 683 9 these these DT 33914 683 10 muscles muscle NNS 33914 683 11 in in IN 33914 683 12 _ _ NNP 33914 683 13 Passer Passer NNP 33914 683 14 _ _ NNP 33914 683 15 , , , 33914 683 16 in in IN 33914 683 17 the the DT 33914 683 18 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 683 19 , , , 33914 683 20 and and CC 33914 683 21 in in IN 33914 683 22 the the DT 33914 683 23 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 683 24 probably probably RB 33914 683 25 is be VBZ 33914 683 26 reduced reduce VBN 33914 683 27 . . . 33914 684 1 In in IN 33914 684 2 _ _ NNP 33914 684 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 684 4 _ _ NNP 33914 684 5 , , , 33914 684 6 the the DT 33914 684 7 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 684 8 , , , 33914 684 9 and and CC 33914 684 10 the the DT 33914 684 11 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 684 12 the the DT 33914 684 13 edges edge NNS 33914 684 14 of of IN 33914 684 15 the the DT 33914 684 16 sheathlike sheathlike JJ 33914 684 17 tendon tendon NN 33914 684 18 of of IN 33914 684 19 insertion insertion NN 33914 684 20 of of IN 33914 684 21 the the DT 33914 684 22 _ _ NNP 33914 684 23 m. m. NN 33914 685 1 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 685 2 digiti digiti NNP 33914 685 3 III III NNP 33914 685 4 _ _ NNP 33914 685 5 are be VBP 33914 685 6 thickened thicken VBN 33914 685 7 ; ; : 33914 685 8 as as IN 33914 685 9 a a DT 33914 685 10 result result NN 33914 685 11 the the DT 33914 685 12 insertion insertion NN 33914 685 13 appears appear VBZ 33914 685 14 superficially superficially RB 33914 685 15 to to TO 33914 685 16 be be VB 33914 685 17 double double JJ 33914 685 18 but but CC 33914 685 19 closer close JJR 33914 685 20 examination examination NN 33914 685 21 reveals reveal VBZ 33914 685 22 that that IN 33914 685 23 there there EX 33914 685 24 is be VBZ 33914 685 25 a a DT 33914 685 26 fascia fascia NN 33914 685 27 stretched stretch VBN 33914 685 28 between between IN 33914 685 29 the the DT 33914 685 30 thickened thicken VBN 33914 685 31 edges edge NNS 33914 685 32 . . . 33914 686 1 In in IN 33914 686 2 the the DT 33914 686 3 other other JJ 33914 686 4 species specie NNS 33914 686 5 examined examine VBN 33914 686 6 , , , 33914 686 7 the the DT 33914 686 8 insertion insertion NN 33914 686 9 is be VBZ 33914 686 10 sheathlike sheathlike NN 33914 686 11 throughout throughout IN 33914 686 12 and and CC 33914 686 13 there there EX 33914 686 14 are be VBP 33914 686 15 no no DT 33914 686 16 thick thick JJ 33914 686 17 areas area NNS 33914 686 18 . . . 33914 687 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 687 2 can can MD 33914 687 3 not not RB 33914 687 4 explain explain VB 33914 687 5 this this DT 33914 687 6 on on IN 33914 687 7 the the DT 33914 687 8 basis basis NN 33914 687 9 of of IN 33914 687 10 function function NN 33914 687 11 . . . 33914 688 1 The the DT 33914 688 2 difference difference NN 33914 688 3 , , , 33914 688 4 however however RB 33914 688 5 , , , 33914 688 6 is be VBZ 33914 688 7 obvious obvious JJ 33914 688 8 and and CC 33914 688 9 constant constant JJ 33914 688 10 . . . 33914 689 1 Aside aside RB 33914 689 2 from from IN 33914 689 3 the the DT 33914 689 4 differences difference NNS 33914 689 5 noted note VBN 33914 689 6 above above RB 33914 689 7 , , , 33914 689 8 there there EX 33914 689 9 were be VBD 33914 689 10 variations variation NNS 33914 689 11 of of IN 33914 689 12 muscle muscle NN 33914 689 13 pattern pattern NN 33914 689 14 that that WDT 33914 689 15 seem seem VBP 33914 689 16 to to TO 33914 689 17 be be VB 33914 689 18 significant significant JJ 33914 689 19 only only RB 33914 689 20 in in IN 33914 689 21 _ _ NNP 33914 689 22 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 689 23 olivaceus olivaceus JJ 33914 689 24 _ _ NNP 33914 689 25 . . . 33914 690 1 In in IN 33914 690 2 this this DT 33914 690 3 species species NN 33914 690 4 the the DT 33914 690 5 central central JJ 33914 690 6 , , , 33914 690 7 aponeurotic aponeurotic JJ 33914 690 8 portion portion NN 33914 690 9 of of IN 33914 690 10 the the DT 33914 690 11 _ _ NNP 33914 690 12 m. m. NN 33914 691 1 iliotibialis iliotibialis NNP 33914 691 2 _ _ NNP 33914 691 3 is be VBZ 33914 691 4 absent absent JJ 33914 691 5 . . . 33914 692 1 The the DT 33914 692 2 origin origin NN 33914 692 3 of of IN 33914 692 4 the the DT 33914 692 5 _ _ NNP 33914 692 6 m. m. NN 33914 693 1 adductor adductor NNP 33914 693 2 longus longus NNP 33914 693 3 et et NNP 33914 693 4 brevis brevis FW 33914 693 5 _ _ NNP 33914 693 6 is be VBZ 33914 693 7 from from IN 33914 693 8 the the DT 33914 693 9 dorsal dorsal NN 33914 693 10 edge edge NN 33914 693 11 of of IN 33914 693 12 the the DT 33914 693 13 ischiopubic ischiopubic JJ 33914 693 14 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 693 15 and and CC 33914 693 16 not not RB 33914 693 17 from from IN 33914 693 18 the the DT 33914 693 19 membrane membrane NN 33914 693 20 covering cover VBG 33914 693 21 this this DT 33914 693 22 fenestra fenestra NN 33914 693 23 . . . 33914 694 1 The the DT 33914 694 2 origin origin NN 33914 694 3 of of IN 33914 694 4 the the DT 33914 694 5 _ _ NNP 33914 694 6 pars pars NNPS 33914 694 7 posticus posticus NNP 33914 694 8 _ _ NNP 33914 694 9 of of IN 33914 694 10 this this DT 33914 694 11 muscle muscle NN 33914 694 12 , , , 33914 694 13 furthermore furthermore RB 33914 694 14 , , , 33914 694 15 is be VBZ 33914 694 16 fleshy fleshy JJ 33914 694 17 and and CC 33914 694 18 not not RB 33914 694 19 tendinous tendinous JJ 33914 694 20 as as IN 33914 694 21 it -PRON- PRP 33914 694 22 is be VBZ 33914 694 23 in in IN 33914 694 24 the the DT 33914 694 25 other other JJ 33914 694 26 species specie NNS 33914 694 27 . . . 33914 695 1 The the DT 33914 695 2 _ _ NNP 33914 695 3 m. m. NN 33914 696 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 696 2 perforatus perforatus NNP 33914 696 3 digiti digiti NNP 33914 696 4 II II NNP 33914 696 5 _ _ NNP 33914 696 6 is be VBZ 33914 696 7 larger large JJR 33914 696 8 and and CC 33914 696 9 more more RBR 33914 696 10 deeply deeply RB 33914 696 11 situated situate VBN 33914 696 12 in in IN 33914 696 13 _ _ NNP 33914 696 14 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 696 15 _ _ NNP 33914 696 16 and and CC 33914 696 17 has have VBZ 33914 696 18 , , , 33914 696 19 furthermore furthermore RB 33914 696 20 , , , 33914 696 21 no no DT 33914 696 22 connection connection NN 33914 696 23 with with IN 33914 696 24 the the DT 33914 696 25 _ _ NNP 33914 696 26 m. m. NN 33914 697 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 697 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 697 3 longus longus NNP 33914 697 4 _ _ NNP 33914 697 5 . . . 33914 698 1 The the DT 33914 698 2 latter latter JJ 33914 698 3 muscle muscle NN 33914 698 4 is be VBZ 33914 698 5 smaller small JJR 33914 698 6 and and CC 33914 698 7 weaker weak JJR 33914 698 8 than than IN 33914 698 9 in in IN 33914 698 10 any any DT 33914 698 11 of of IN 33914 698 12 the the DT 33914 698 13 other other JJ 33914 698 14 species specie NNS 33914 698 15 and and CC 33914 698 16 has have VBZ 33914 698 17 only only RB 33914 698 18 one one CD 33914 698 19 ( ( -LRB- 33914 698 20 the the DT 33914 698 21 posterior posterior NN 33914 698 22 ) ) -RRB- 33914 698 23 head head NN 33914 698 24 of of IN 33914 698 25 origin origin NN 33914 698 26 . . . 33914 699 1 The the DT 33914 699 2 _ _ NNP 33914 699 3 m. m. NN 33914 700 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 700 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 700 3 brevis brevis NNP 33914 700 4 _ _ NNP 33914 700 5 , , , 33914 700 6 on on IN 33914 700 7 the the DT 33914 700 8 contrary contrary NN 33914 700 9 , , , 33914 700 10 is be VBZ 33914 700 11 larger large JJR 33914 700 12 than than IN 33914 700 13 in in IN 33914 700 14 the the DT 33914 700 15 other other JJ 33914 700 16 birds bird NNS 33914 700 17 , , , 33914 700 18 compensating compensate VBG 33914 700 19 , , , 33914 700 20 probably probably RB 33914 700 21 , , , 33914 700 22 for for IN 33914 700 23 the the DT 33914 700 24 small small JJ 33914 700 25 _ _ NNP 33914 700 26 m. m. NN 33914 701 1 flexor flexor NNP 33914 701 2 hallucis hallucis NNP 33914 701 3 longus longus NNP 33914 701 4 _ _ NNP 33914 701 5 . . . 33914 702 1 In in IN 33914 702 2 those those DT 33914 702 3 differences difference NNS 33914 702 4 , , , 33914 702 5 however however RB 33914 702 6 , , , 33914 702 7 which which WDT 33914 702 8 separate separate VBP 33914 702 9 the the DT 33914 702 10 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 702 11 and and CC 33914 702 12 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 702 13 from from IN 33914 702 14 the the DT 33914 702 15 other other JJ 33914 702 16 birds bird NNS 33914 702 17 studied study VBN 33914 702 18 , , , 33914 702 19 _ _ NNP 33914 702 20 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 702 21 _ _ NNP 33914 702 22 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 702 23 , , , 33914 702 24 in in IN 33914 702 25 every every DT 33914 702 26 instance instance NN 33914 702 27 , , , 33914 702 28 the the DT 33914 702 29 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 702 30 , , , 33914 702 31 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 702 32 , , , 33914 702 33 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 702 34 , , , 33914 702 35 warblers warbler NNS 33914 702 36 , , , 33914 702 37 and and CC 33914 702 38 blackbirds blackbird NNS 33914 702 39 . . . 33914 703 1 On on IN 33914 703 2 the the DT 33914 703 3 basis basis NN 33914 703 4 of of IN 33914 703 5 differences difference NNS 33914 703 6 in in IN 33914 703 7 leg leg NN 33914 703 8 - - HYPH 33914 703 9 musculature musculature NN 33914 703 10 the the DT 33914 703 11 species specie NNS 33914 703 12 which which WDT 33914 703 13 are be VBP 33914 703 14 now now RB 33914 703 15 included include VBN 33914 703 16 in in IN 33914 703 17 the the DT 33914 703 18 Family Family NNP 33914 703 19 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 703 20 may may MD 33914 703 21 be be VB 33914 703 22 separated separate VBN 33914 703 23 into into IN 33914 703 24 two two CD 33914 703 25 groups group NNS 33914 703 26 . . . 33914 704 1 One one CD 33914 704 2 group group NN 33914 704 3 includes include VBZ 33914 704 4 the the DT 33914 704 5 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 704 6 and and CC 33914 704 7 the the DT 33914 704 8 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 704 9 ; ; : 33914 704 10 the the DT 33914 704 11 other other JJ 33914 704 12 , , , 33914 704 13 the the DT 33914 704 14 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 704 15 . . . 33914 705 1 The the DT 33914 705 2 muscle muscle NN 33914 705 3 patterns pattern NNS 33914 705 4 of of IN 33914 705 5 the the DT 33914 705 6 legs leg NNS 33914 705 7 of of IN 33914 705 8 the the DT 33914 705 9 birds bird NNS 33914 705 10 of of IN 33914 705 11 the the DT 33914 705 12 first first JJ 33914 705 13 group group NN 33914 705 14 are be VBP 33914 705 15 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 33914 705 16 from from IN 33914 705 17 those those DT 33914 705 18 of of IN 33914 705 19 _ _ NNP 33914 705 20 Seiurus Seiurus NNP 33914 705 21 _ _ NNP 33914 705 22 , , , 33914 705 23 _ _ NNP 33914 705 24 Icterus Icterus NNP 33914 705 25 _ _ NNP 33914 705 26 , , , 33914 705 27 _ _ NNP 33914 705 28 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 705 29 _ _ NNP 33914 705 30 , , , 33914 705 31 and and CC 33914 705 32 _ _ NNP 33914 705 33 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 705 34 _ _ NNP 33914 705 35 , , , 33914 705 36 and and CC 33914 705 37 except except IN 33914 705 38 for for IN 33914 705 39 the the DT 33914 705 40 differences difference NNS 33914 705 41 noted note VBN 33914 705 42 are be VBP 33914 705 43 similar similar JJ 33914 705 44 to to IN 33914 705 45 those those DT 33914 705 46 in in IN 33914 705 47 _ _ NNP 33914 705 48 Vireo Vireo NNP 33914 705 49 _ _ NNP 33914 705 50 . . . 33914 706 1 The the DT 33914 706 2 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 706 3 , , , 33914 706 4 on on IN 33914 706 5 the the DT 33914 706 6 other other JJ 33914 706 7 hand hand NN 33914 706 8 , , , 33914 706 9 are be VBP 33914 706 10 similar similar JJ 33914 706 11 in in IN 33914 706 12 every every DT 33914 706 13 point point NN 33914 706 14 of of IN 33914 706 15 leg leg NN 33914 706 16 - - HYPH 33914 706 17 musculature musculature NN 33914 706 18 to to IN 33914 706 19 the the DT 33914 706 20 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 706 21 which which WDT 33914 706 22 were be VBD 33914 706 23 studied study VBN 33914 706 24 . . . 33914 707 1 Thus thus RB 33914 707 2 , , , 33914 707 3 the the DT 33914 707 4 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN 33914 707 5 of of IN 33914 707 6 the the DT 33914 707 7 Family Family NNP 33914 707 8 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 707 9 , , , 33914 707 10 as as RB 33914 707 11 now now RB 33914 707 12 recognized recognize VBN 33914 707 13 , , , 33914 707 14 is be VBZ 33914 707 15 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 707 16 by by IN 33914 707 17 differences difference NNS 33914 707 18 in in IN 33914 707 19 the the DT 33914 707 20 muscle muscle NN 33914 707 21 patterns pattern NNS 33914 707 22 of of IN 33914 707 23 the the DT 33914 707 24 leg leg NN 33914 707 25 . . . 33914 708 1 COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE NNP 33914 708 2 SEROLOGY SEROLOGY NNP 33914 708 3 General General NNP 33914 708 4 Statement Statement NNP 33914 708 5 The the DT 33914 708 6 application application NN 33914 708 7 of of IN 33914 708 8 serological serological JJ 33914 708 9 techniques technique NNS 33914 708 10 to to IN 33914 708 11 the the DT 33914 708 12 problems problem NNS 33914 708 13 of of IN 33914 708 14 animal animal NN 33914 708 15 relationships relationship NNS 33914 708 16 has have VBZ 33914 708 17 been be VBN 33914 708 18 attempted attempt VBN 33914 708 19 with with IN 33914 708 20 varying vary VBG 33914 708 21 degrees degree NNS 33914 708 22 of of IN 33914 708 23 success success NN 33914 708 24 over over IN 33914 708 25 a a DT 33914 708 26 period period NN 33914 708 27 of of IN 33914 708 28 approximately approximately RB 33914 708 29 fifty fifty CD 33914 708 30 years year NNS 33914 708 31 . . . 33914 709 1 Few few JJ 33914 709 2 of of IN 33914 709 3 the the DT 33914 709 4 earlier early JJR 33914 709 5 studies study NNS 33914 709 6 were be VBD 33914 709 7 of of IN 33914 709 8 a a DT 33914 709 9 quantitative quantitative JJ 33914 709 10 nature nature NN 33914 709 11 , , , 33914 709 12 but but CC 33914 709 13 within within IN 33914 709 14 the the DT 33914 709 15 past past JJ 33914 709 16 decade decade NN 33914 709 17 , , , 33914 709 18 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 33914 709 19 quantitative quantitative JJ 33914 709 20 serological serological JJ 33914 709 21 techniques technique NNS 33914 709 22 have have VBP 33914 709 23 been be VBN 33914 709 24 developed develop VBN 33914 709 25 whereby whereby WRB 33914 709 26 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 709 27 relationships relationship NNS 33914 709 28 may may MD 33914 709 29 be be VB 33914 709 30 estimated estimate VBN 33914 709 31 . . . 33914 710 1 The the DT 33914 710 2 usefulness usefulness NN 33914 710 3 of of IN 33914 710 4 comparative comparative JJ 33914 710 5 serology serology NN 33914 710 6 in in IN 33914 710 7 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 710 8 has have VBZ 33914 710 9 been be VBN 33914 710 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 33914 710 11 in in IN 33914 710 12 investigations investigation NNS 33914 710 13 of of IN 33914 710 14 many many JJ 33914 710 15 groups group NNS 33914 710 16 wherein wherein WRB 33914 710 17 results result NNS 33914 710 18 obtained obtain VBD 33914 710 19 have have VBP 33914 710 20 , , , 33914 710 21 in in IN 33914 710 22 most most JJS 33914 710 23 instances instance NNS 33914 710 24 , , , 33914 710 25 been be VBN 33914 710 26 compatible compatible JJ 33914 710 27 with with IN 33914 710 28 the the DT 33914 710 29 results result NNS 33914 710 30 obtained obtain VBN 33914 710 31 by by IN 33914 710 32 more more JJR 33914 710 33 conventional conventional JJ 33914 710 34 methods method NNS 33914 710 35 , , , 33914 710 36 such such JJ 33914 710 37 as as IN 33914 710 38 comparative comparative JJ 33914 710 39 morphology morphology NN 33914 710 40 . . . 33914 711 1 As as IN 33914 711 2 Boyden Boyden NNP 33914 711 3 ( ( -LRB- 33914 711 4 1942:141 1942:141 CD 33914 711 5 ) ) -RRB- 33914 711 6 stated state VBD 33914 711 7 , , , 33914 711 8 " " `` 33914 711 9 comparative comparative JJ 33914 711 10 serology serology NN 33914 711 11 ... ... : 33914 711 12 is be VBZ 33914 711 13 no no DT 33914 711 14 simple simple JJ 33914 711 15 guide guide NN 33914 711 16 to to TO 33914 711 17 animal animal NN 33914 711 18 relationship relationship NN 33914 711 19 . . . 33914 711 20 " " '' 33914 712 1 However however RB 33914 712 2 , , , 33914 712 3 the the DT 33914 712 4 objectiveness objectiveness NN 33914 712 5 of of IN 33914 712 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 712 7 methods method NNS 33914 712 8 , , , 33914 712 9 the the DT 33914 712 10 fact fact NN 33914 712 11 that that IN 33914 712 12 it -PRON- PRP 33914 712 13 has have VBZ 33914 712 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 712 15 basis basis NN 33914 712 16 in in IN 33914 712 17 the the DT 33914 712 18 comparisons comparison NNS 33914 712 19 of of IN 33914 712 20 biochemical biochemical JJ 33914 712 21 systems system NNS 33914 712 22 which which WDT 33914 712 23 seem seem VBP 33914 712 24 to to TO 33914 712 25 be be VB 33914 712 26 relatively relatively RB 33914 712 27 slow slow JJ 33914 712 28 to to TO 33914 712 29 change change VB 33914 712 30 in in IN 33914 712 31 response response NN 33914 712 32 to to IN 33914 712 33 external external JJ 33914 712 34 environmental environmental JJ 33914 712 35 influences influence NNS 33914 712 36 , , , 33914 712 37 and and CC 33914 712 38 the the DT 33914 712 39 fact fact NN 33914 712 40 that that IN 33914 712 41 the the DT 33914 712 42 results result NNS 33914 712 43 are be VBP 33914 712 44 of of IN 33914 712 45 quantitative quantitative JJ 33914 712 46 nature nature NN 33914 712 47 favor favor NN 33914 712 48 , , , 33914 712 49 where where WRB 33914 712 50 possible possible JJ 33914 712 51 , , , 33914 712 52 the the DT 33914 712 53 inclusion inclusion NN 33914 712 54 of of IN 33914 712 55 data datum NNS 33914 712 56 from from IN 33914 712 57 comparative comparative JJ 33914 712 58 serology serology NN 33914 712 59 along along IN 33914 712 60 with with IN 33914 712 61 that that DT 33914 712 62 from from IN 33914 712 63 more more JJR 33914 712 64 conventional conventional JJ 33914 712 65 sources source NNS 33914 712 66 when when WRB 33914 712 67 an an DT 33914 712 68 attempt attempt NN 33914 712 69 is be VBZ 33914 712 70 made make VBN 33914 712 71 to to TO 33914 712 72 determine determine VB 33914 712 73 the the DT 33914 712 74 relationships relationship NNS 33914 712 75 of of IN 33914 712 76 groups group NNS 33914 712 77 of of IN 33914 712 78 animals animal NNS 33914 712 79 . . . 33914 713 1 The the DT 33914 713 2 application application NN 33914 713 3 of of IN 33914 713 4 serological serological JJ 33914 713 5 methods method NNS 33914 713 6 in in IN 33914 713 7 ornithology ornithology NN 33914 713 8 has have VBZ 33914 713 9 not not RB 33914 713 10 been be VBN 33914 713 11 extensive extensive JJ 33914 713 12 . . . 33914 714 1 Irwin Irwin NNP 33914 714 2 and and CC 33914 714 3 Cole Cole NNP 33914 714 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 714 5 1936 1936 CD 33914 714 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 714 7 and and CC 33914 714 8 Cumley Cumley NNP 33914 714 9 and and CC 33914 714 10 Irwin Irwin NNP 33914 714 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 714 12 1941 1941 CD 33914 714 13 , , , 33914 714 14 1944 1944 CD 33914 714 15 ) ) -RRB- 33914 714 16 used use VBD 33914 714 17 two two CD 33914 714 18 species specie NNS 33914 714 19 of of IN 33914 714 20 doves dove NNS 33914 714 21 and and CC 33914 714 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 714 23 hybrids hybrid NNS 33914 714 24 and and CC 33914 714 25 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 33914 714 26 that that IN 33914 714 27 a a DT 33914 714 28 distinction distinction NN 33914 714 29 between between IN 33914 714 30 the the DT 33914 714 31 red red JJ 33914 714 32 cells cell NNS 33914 714 33 of of IN 33914 714 34 these these DT 33914 714 35 birds bird NNS 33914 714 36 could could MD 33914 714 37 be be VB 33914 714 38 made make VBN 33914 714 39 by by IN 33914 714 40 use use NN 33914 714 41 of of IN 33914 714 42 immunological immunological JJ 33914 714 43 methods method NNS 33914 714 44 involving involve VBG 33914 714 45 the the DT 33914 714 46 agglutinin agglutinin NN 33914 714 47 reaction reaction NN 33914 714 48 . . . 33914 715 1 McGibbon McGibbon NNP 33914 715 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 715 3 1945 1945 CD 33914 715 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 715 5 was be VBD 33914 715 6 able able JJ 33914 715 7 to to TO 33914 715 8 distinguish distinguish VB 33914 715 9 the the DT 33914 715 10 red red JJ 33914 715 11 cells cell NNS 33914 715 12 of of IN 33914 715 13 interspecific interspecific JJ 33914 715 14 hybrids hybrid NNS 33914 715 15 in in IN 33914 715 16 ducks duck NNS 33914 715 17 by by IN 33914 715 18 similar similar JJ 33914 715 19 methods method NNS 33914 715 20 . . . 33914 716 1 Irwin Irwin NNP 33914 716 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 716 3 1953 1953 CD 33914 716 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 716 5 used use VBD 33914 716 6 similar similar JJ 33914 716 7 techniques technique NNS 33914 716 8 in in IN 33914 716 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 716 10 study study NN 33914 716 11 of of IN 33914 716 12 the the DT 33914 716 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 33914 716 14 patterns pattern NNS 33914 716 15 of of IN 33914 716 16 some some DT 33914 716 17 antigenic antigenic JJ 33914 716 18 substances substance NNS 33914 716 19 of of IN 33914 716 20 the the DT 33914 716 21 blood blood NN 33914 716 22 cells cell NNS 33914 716 23 of of IN 33914 716 24 birds bird NNS 33914 716 25 of of IN 33914 716 26 the the DT 33914 716 27 Family Family NNP 33914 716 28 Columbidae Columbidae NNP 33914 716 29 . . . 33914 717 1 Sasaki Sasaki NNP 33914 717 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 717 3 1928 1928 CD 33914 717 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 717 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 33914 717 6 the the DT 33914 717 7 usefulness usefulness NN 33914 717 8 of of IN 33914 717 9 the the DT 33914 717 10 precipitin precipitin NNP 33914 717 11 technique technique NN 33914 717 12 in in IN 33914 717 13 distinguishing distinguish VBG 33914 717 14 species specie NNS 33914 717 15 of of IN 33914 717 16 ducks duck NNS 33914 717 17 and and CC 33914 717 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 717 19 hybrids hybrid NNS 33914 717 20 . . . 33914 718 1 This this DT 33914 718 2 technique technique NN 33914 718 3 was be VBD 33914 718 4 used use VBN 33914 718 5 successfully successfully RB 33914 718 6 also also RB 33914 718 7 by by IN 33914 718 8 DeFalco DeFalco NNP 33914 718 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 718 10 1942 1942 CD 33914 718 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 718 12 and and CC 33914 718 13 by by IN 33914 718 14 Martin Martin NNP 33914 718 15 and and CC 33914 718 16 Leone Leone NNP 33914 718 17 ( ( -LRB- 33914 718 18 1952 1952 CD 33914 718 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 718 20 . . . 33914 719 1 Working work VBG 33914 719 2 with with IN 33914 719 3 groups group NNS 33914 719 4 of of IN 33914 719 5 known know VBN 33914 719 6 relationships relationship NNS 33914 719 7 , , , 33914 719 8 these these DT 33914 719 9 investigators investigator NNS 33914 719 10 showed show VBD 33914 719 11 that that IN 33914 719 12 the the DT 33914 719 13 " " `` 33914 719 14 accepted accepted JJ 33914 719 15 " " '' 33914 719 16 systematic systematic JJ 33914 719 17 positions position NNS 33914 719 18 of of IN 33914 719 19 certain certain JJ 33914 719 20 birds bird NNS 33914 719 21 were be VBD 33914 719 22 confirmed confirm VBN 33914 719 23 by by IN 33914 719 24 serological serological JJ 33914 719 25 procedures procedure NNS 33914 719 26 . . . 33914 720 1 The the DT 33914 720 2 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 720 3 reaction reaction NN 33914 720 4 , , , 33914 720 5 however however RB 33914 720 6 , , , 33914 720 7 has have VBZ 33914 720 8 never never RB 33914 720 9 been be VBN 33914 720 10 applied apply VBN 33914 720 11 to to IN 33914 720 12 actual actual JJ 33914 720 13 problems problem NNS 33914 720 14 in in IN 33914 720 15 avian avian JJ 33914 720 16 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 720 17 prior prior RB 33914 720 18 to to IN 33914 720 19 the the DT 33914 720 20 present present JJ 33914 720 21 study study NN 33914 720 22 . . . 33914 721 1 Preparation preparation NN 33914 721 2 of of IN 33914 721 3 Antigens Antigens NNP 33914 721 4 Although although IN 33914 721 5 most most JJS 33914 721 6 previous previous JJ 33914 721 7 work work NN 33914 721 8 in in IN 33914 721 9 comparative comparative JJ 33914 721 10 serology serology NN 33914 721 11 in in IN 33914 721 12 which which WDT 33914 721 13 precipitin precipitin NN 33914 721 14 tests test NNS 33914 721 15 were be VBD 33914 721 16 used use VBN 33914 721 17 has have VBZ 33914 721 18 involved involve VBN 33914 721 19 the the DT 33914 721 20 use use NN 33914 721 21 of of IN 33914 721 22 whole whole JJ 33914 721 23 sera sera NN 33914 721 24 as as IN 33914 721 25 antigens antigen NNS 33914 721 26 , , , 33914 721 27 Martin Martin NNP 33914 721 28 and and CC 33914 721 29 Leone Leone NNP 33914 721 30 ( ( -LRB- 33914 721 31 1952 1952 CD 33914 721 32 ) ) -RRB- 33914 721 33 indicated indicate VBD 33914 721 34 that that IN 33914 721 35 tissue tissue NN 33914 721 36 extracts extract NNS 33914 721 37 are be VBP 33914 721 38 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 33914 721 39 as as IN 33914 721 40 antigens antigen NNS 33914 721 41 and and CC 33914 721 42 that that IN 33914 721 43 serological serological JJ 33914 721 44 differentiation differentiation NN 33914 721 45 can can MD 33914 721 46 be be VB 33914 721 47 obtained obtain VBN 33914 721 48 with with IN 33914 721 49 these these DT 33914 721 50 extracts extract NNS 33914 721 51 and and CC 33914 721 52 the the DT 33914 721 53 antisera antisera NN 33914 721 54 to to IN 33914 721 55 them -PRON- PRP 33914 721 56 . . . 33914 722 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 722 2 decided decide VBD 33914 722 3 , , , 33914 722 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 722 5 , , , 33914 722 6 to to TO 33914 722 7 use use VB 33914 722 8 such such JJ 33914 722 9 extracts extract NNS 33914 722 10 in in IN 33914 722 11 these these DT 33914 722 12 investigations investigation NNS 33914 722 13 , , , 33914 722 14 since since IN 33914 722 15 the the DT 33914 722 16 small small JJ 33914 722 17 sizes size NNS 33914 722 18 of of IN 33914 722 19 the the DT 33914 722 20 birds bird NNS 33914 722 21 to to TO 33914 722 22 be be VB 33914 722 23 tested test VBN 33914 722 24 made make VBN 33914 722 25 it -PRON- PRP 33914 722 26 impracticable impracticable JJ 33914 722 27 to to TO 33914 722 28 obtain obtain VB 33914 722 29 enough enough JJ 33914 722 30 whole whole JJ 33914 722 31 sera sera NN 33914 722 32 . . . 33914 723 1 Most Most JJS 33914 723 2 of of IN 33914 723 3 the the DT 33914 723 4 birds bird NNS 33914 723 5 used use VBN 33914 723 6 were be VBD 33914 723 7 obtained obtain VBN 33914 723 8 by by IN 33914 723 9 shooting shoot VBG 33914 723 10 , , , 33914 723 11 but but CC 33914 723 12 a a DT 33914 723 13 few few JJ 33914 723 14 were be VBD 33914 723 15 trapped trap VBN 33914 723 16 and and CC 33914 723 17 the the DT 33914 723 18 exotic exotic JJ 33914 723 19 species specie NNS 33914 723 20 were be VBD 33914 723 21 purchased purchase VBN 33914 723 22 alive alive JJ 33914 723 23 from from IN 33914 723 24 a a DT 33914 723 25 pet pet JJ 33914 723 26 dealer dealer NN 33914 723 27 . . . 33914 724 1 When when WRB 33914 724 2 a a DT 33914 724 3 bird bird NN 33914 724 4 was be VBD 33914 724 5 killed kill VBN 33914 724 6 , , , 33914 724 7 the the DT 33914 724 8 entire entire JJ 33914 724 9 digestive digestive JJ 33914 724 10 tract tract NN 33914 724 11 was be VBD 33914 724 12 carefully carefully RB 33914 724 13 removed remove VBN 33914 724 14 to to TO 33914 724 15 prevent prevent VB 33914 724 16 the the DT 33914 724 17 escape escape NN 33914 724 18 of of IN 33914 724 19 digestive digestive JJ 33914 724 20 enzymes enzyme NNS 33914 724 21 into into IN 33914 724 22 the the DT 33914 724 23 tissues tissue NNS 33914 724 24 and and CC 33914 724 25 to to TO 33914 724 26 prevent prevent VB 33914 724 27 putrefaction putrefaction NN 33914 724 28 by by IN 33914 724 29 action action NN 33914 724 30 of of IN 33914 724 31 intestinal intestinal JJ 33914 724 32 bacteria bacteria NNS 33914 724 33 . . . 33914 725 1 As as RB 33914 725 2 soon soon RB 33914 725 3 as as IN 33914 725 4 possible possible JJ 33914 725 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 725 6 and and CC 33914 725 7 within within IN 33914 725 8 three three CD 33914 725 9 hours hour NNS 33914 725 10 in in IN 33914 725 11 every every DT 33914 725 12 instance instance NN 33914 725 13 ) ) -RRB- 33914 725 14 the the DT 33914 725 15 bird bird NN 33914 725 16 was be VBD 33914 725 17 skinned skin VBN 33914 725 18 , , , 33914 725 19 the the DT 33914 725 20 head head NN 33914 725 21 , , , 33914 725 22 wings wing NNS 33914 725 23 , , , 33914 725 24 and and CC 33914 725 25 legs leg NNS 33914 725 26 were be VBD 33914 725 27 removed remove VBN 33914 725 28 , , , 33914 725 29 and and CC 33914 725 30 the the DT 33914 725 31 body body NN 33914 725 32 was be VBD 33914 725 33 frozen freeze VBN 33914 725 34 . . . 33914 726 1 Each each DT 33914 726 2 specimen speciman NNS 33914 726 3 , , , 33914 726 4 consisting consist VBG 33914 726 5 of of IN 33914 726 6 trunk trunk NN 33914 726 7 , , , 33914 726 8 heart heart NN 33914 726 9 , , , 33914 726 10 lungs lung NNS 33914 726 11 , , , 33914 726 12 and and CC 33914 726 13 kidneys kidney NNS 33914 726 14 , , , 33914 726 15 was be VBD 33914 726 16 wrapped wrap VBN 33914 726 17 separately separately RB 33914 726 18 and and CC 33914 726 19 carefully carefully RB 33914 726 20 in in IN 33914 726 21 aluminum aluminum NN 33914 726 22 foil foil NN 33914 726 23 to to TO 33914 726 24 prevent prevent VB 33914 726 25 dehydration dehydration NN 33914 726 26 of of IN 33914 726 27 the the DT 33914 726 28 tissues tissue NNS 33914 726 29 . . . 33914 727 1 The the DT 33914 727 2 specimens specimen NNS 33914 727 3 were be VBD 33914 727 4 kept keep VBN 33914 727 5 frozen freeze VBN 33914 727 6 until until IN 33914 727 7 the the DT 33914 727 8 time time NN 33914 727 9 when when WRB 33914 727 10 the the DT 33914 727 11 extracts extract NNS 33914 727 12 were be VBD 33914 727 13 made make VBN 33914 727 14 . . . 33914 728 1 When when WRB 33914 728 2 an an DT 33914 728 3 extract extract NN 33914 728 4 was be VBD 33914 728 5 to to TO 33914 728 6 be be VB 33914 728 7 prepared prepare VBN 33914 728 8 , , , 33914 728 9 the the DT 33914 728 10 specimen speciman NNS 33914 728 11 was be VBD 33914 728 12 allowed allow VBN 33914 728 13 to to IN 33914 728 14 thaw thaw NN 33914 728 15 but but CC 33914 728 16 not not RB 33914 728 17 to to TO 33914 728 18 become become VB 33914 728 19 warm warm JJ 33914 728 20 . . . 33914 729 1 In in IN 33914 729 2 the the DT 33914 729 3 cold cold JJ 33914 729 4 room room NN 33914 729 5 with with IN 33914 729 6 the the DT 33914 729 7 temperature temperature NN 33914 729 8 of of IN 33914 729 9 all all DT 33914 729 10 equipment equipment NN 33914 729 11 and and CC 33914 729 12 reagents reagent NNS 33914 729 13 at at IN 33914 729 14 2 2â CD 33914 729 15 ° ° , 33914 729 16 C C NNP 33914 729 17 . . NNP 33914 729 18 , , , 33914 729 19 the the DT 33914 729 20 specimen speciman NNS 33914 729 21 was be VBD 33914 729 22 placed place VBN 33914 729 23 in in IN 33914 729 24 a a DT 33914 729 25 Waring Waring NNP 33914 729 26 blender blender NN 33914 729 27 with with IN 33914 729 28 0.9 0.9 CD 33914 729 29 per per IN 33914 729 30 cent cent NN 33914 729 31 aqueous aqueous JJ 33914 729 32 solution solution NN 33914 729 33 of of IN 33914 729 34 NaCl NaCl NNP 33914 729 35 buffered buffer VBN 33914 729 36 with with IN 33914 729 37 M/150 M/150 NNP 33914 729 38 K_{2}HPO_{4 k_{2}hpo_{4 CD 33914 729 39 } } -RRB- 33914 729 40 and and CC 33914 729 41 M/150 M/150 NNP 33914 729 42 Na_{2}HPO_{4 Na_{2}HPO_{4 NNP 33914 729 43 } } -RRB- 33914 729 44 to to IN 33914 729 45 a a DT 33914 729 46 pH pH NNP 33914 729 47 of of IN 33914 729 48 7.0 7.0 CD 33914 729 49 . . . 33914 730 1 The the DT 33914 730 2 amount amount NN 33914 730 3 of of IN 33914 730 4 reagent reagent NN 33914 730 5 used use VBN 33914 730 6 was be VBD 33914 730 7 75 75 CD 33914 730 8 ml ml NNS 33914 730 9 . . . 33914 731 1 of of IN 33914 731 2 saline saline NN 33914 731 3 for for IN 33914 731 4 each each DT 33914 731 5 gram gram NN 33914 731 6 of of IN 33914 731 7 tissue tissue NN 33914 731 8 to to TO 33914 731 9 be be VB 33914 731 10 extracted extract VBN 33914 731 11 . . . 33914 732 1 The the DT 33914 732 2 tissues tissue NNS 33914 732 3 were be VBD 33914 732 4 minced mince VBN 33914 732 5 in in IN 33914 732 6 the the DT 33914 732 7 blender blender NN 33914 732 8 , , , 33914 732 9 allowed allow VBN 33914 732 10 to to TO 33914 732 11 stand stand VB 33914 732 12 at at IN 33914 732 13 2 2 NNP 33914 732 14 ° ° NNS 33914 732 15 C C NNP 33914 732 16 . . . 33914 733 1 for for IN 33914 733 2 72 72 CD 33914 733 3 hours hour NNS 33914 733 4 , , , 33914 733 5 and and CC 33914 733 6 the the DT 33914 733 7 tissue tissue NN 33914 733 8 residues residue NNS 33914 733 9 removed remove VBN 33914 733 10 by by IN 33914 733 11 centrifugation centrifugation NN 33914 733 12 in in IN 33914 733 13 a a DT 33914 733 14 refrigerated refrigerated JJ 33914 733 15 centrifuge centrifuge NN 33914 733 16 . . . 33914 734 1 Formalin Formalin NNP 33914 734 2 was be VBD 33914 734 3 added add VBN 33914 734 4 to to IN 33914 734 5 a a DT 33914 734 6 portion portion NN 33914 734 7 of of IN 33914 734 8 the the DT 33914 734 9 supernatant supernatant JJ 33914 734 10 in in IN 33914 734 11 the the DT 33914 734 12 amount amount NN 33914 734 13 necessary necessary JJ 33914 734 14 to to TO 33914 734 15 make make VB 33914 734 16 the the DT 33914 734 17 final final JJ 33914 734 18 dilution dilution NN 33914 734 19 0.4 0.4 CD 33914 734 20 per per NN 33914 734 21 cent cent NN 33914 734 22 . . . 33914 735 1 This this DT 33914 735 2 formolization formolization NN 33914 735 3 was be VBD 33914 735 4 found find VBN 33914 735 5 to to TO 33914 735 6 be be VB 33914 735 7 necessary necessary JJ 33914 735 8 to to TO 33914 735 9 inhibit inhibit VB 33914 735 10 the the DT 33914 735 11 action action NN 33914 735 12 of of IN 33914 735 13 autolytic autolytic JJ 33914 735 14 enzymes enzyme NNS 33914 735 15 over over IN 33914 735 16 the the DT 33914 735 17 period period NN 33914 735 18 of of IN 33914 735 19 time time NN 33914 735 20 required require VBN 33914 735 21 to to TO 33914 735 22 complete complete VB 33914 735 23 the the DT 33914 735 24 investigations investigation NNS 33914 735 25 . . . 33914 736 1 The the DT 33914 736 2 effects effect NNS 33914 736 3 of of IN 33914 736 4 formolization formolization NN 33914 736 5 on on IN 33914 736 6 the the DT 33914 736 7 antigenicity antigenicity NN 33914 736 8 and and CC 33914 736 9 reactivity reactivity NN 33914 736 10 of of IN 33914 736 11 proteins protein NNS 33914 736 12 are be VBP 33914 736 13 discussed discuss VBN 33914 736 14 later later RB 33914 736 15 . . . 33914 737 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 737 2 was be VBD 33914 737 3 necessary necessary JJ 33914 737 4 to to TO 33914 737 5 sterilize sterilize VB 33914 737 6 and and CC 33914 737 7 clarify clarify VB 33914 737 8 the the DT 33914 737 9 " " `` 33914 737 10 native native JJ 33914 737 11 " " '' 33914 737 12 ( ( -LRB- 33914 737 13 unformolized unformolized JJ 33914 737 14 ) ) -RRB- 33914 737 15 extracts extract NNS 33914 737 16 ; ; : 33914 737 17 this this DT 33914 737 18 was be VBD 33914 737 19 done do VBN 33914 737 20 by by IN 33914 737 21 filtration filtration NN 33914 737 22 through through IN 33914 737 23 a a DT 33914 737 24 Seitz Seitz NNP 33914 737 25 filter filter NN 33914 737 26 . . . 33914 738 1 These these DT 33914 738 2 " " `` 33914 738 3 native native JJ 33914 738 4 " " '' 33914 738 5 substances substance NNS 33914 738 6 were be VBD 33914 738 7 used use VBN 33914 738 8 only only RB 33914 738 9 in in IN 33914 738 10 the the DT 33914 738 11 early early JJ 33914 738 12 stages stage NNS 33914 738 13 of of IN 33914 738 14 the the DT 33914 738 15 investigation investigation NN 33914 738 16 ( ( -LRB- 33914 738 17 see see VB 33914 738 18 below below RB 33914 738 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 738 20 . . . 33914 739 1 The the DT 33914 739 2 filtrate filtrate JJ 33914 739 3 was be VBD 33914 739 4 bottled bottle VBN 33914 739 5 and and CC 33914 739 6 stored store VBN 33914 739 7 at at IN 33914 739 8 2 2 NNP 33914 739 9 ° ° NNS 33914 739 10 C C NNP 33914 739 11 . . . 33914 740 1 In in IN 33914 740 2 the the DT 33914 740 3 early early JJ 33914 740 4 stages stage NNS 33914 740 5 of of IN 33914 740 6 this this DT 33914 740 7 investigation investigation NN 33914 740 8 clarification clarification NN 33914 740 9 of of IN 33914 740 10 the the DT 33914 740 11 formolized formolized JJ 33914 740 12 extract extract NN 33914 740 13 was be VBD 33914 740 14 accomplished accomplish VBN 33914 740 15 by by IN 33914 740 16 the the DT 33914 740 17 same same JJ 33914 740 18 sort sort NN 33914 740 19 of of IN 33914 740 20 filtration filtration NN 33914 740 21 . . . 33914 741 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 741 2 was be VBD 33914 741 3 determined determine VBN 33914 741 4 , , , 33914 741 5 however however RB 33914 741 6 , , , 33914 741 7 that that IN 33914 741 8 centrifugation centrifugation NN 33914 741 9 in in IN 33914 741 10 a a DT 33914 741 11 refrigerated refrigerated JJ 33914 741 12 centrifuge centrifuge NN 33914 741 13 at at IN 33914 741 14 high high JJ 33914 741 15 speeds speed NNS 33914 741 16 ( ( -LRB- 33914 741 17 17,000 17,000 CD 33914 741 18 g g NNP 33914 741 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 741 20 served serve VBD 33914 741 21 the the DT 33914 741 22 same same JJ 33914 741 23 purpose purpose NN 33914 741 24 and and CC 33914 741 25 was be VBD 33914 741 26 quicker quick JJR 33914 741 27 . . . 33914 742 1 The the DT 33914 742 2 formolized formolized JJ 33914 742 3 extracts extract NNS 33914 742 4 were be VBD 33914 742 5 bottled bottle VBN 33914 742 6 and and CC 33914 742 7 also also RB 33914 742 8 stored store VBD 33914 742 9 at at IN 33914 742 10 2 2 NNP 33914 742 11 ° ° NNS 33914 742 12 C C NNP 33914 742 13 . . . 33914 743 1 ( ( -LRB- 33914 743 2 although although IN 33914 743 3 refrigerated refrigerated JJ 33914 743 4 storage storage NN 33914 743 5 of of IN 33914 743 6 the the DT 33914 743 7 formolized formolized JJ 33914 743 8 extracts extract NNS 33914 743 9 does do VBZ 33914 743 10 not not RB 33914 743 11 seem seem VB 33914 743 12 necessary necessary JJ 33914 743 13 ) ) -RRB- 33914 743 14 . . . 33914 744 1 For for IN 33914 744 2 each each DT 33914 744 3 extract extract NN 33914 744 4 the the DT 33914 744 5 amount amount NN 33914 744 6 of of IN 33914 744 7 protein protein NN 33914 744 8 present present NN 33914 744 9 was be VBD 33914 744 10 determined determine VBN 33914 744 11 colorimetrically colorimetrically RB 33914 744 12 by by IN 33914 744 13 the the DT 33914 744 14 method method NN 33914 744 15 of of IN 33914 744 16 Greenberg Greenberg NNP 33914 744 17 ( ( -LRB- 33914 744 18 1929 1929 CD 33914 744 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 744 20 with with IN 33914 744 21 a a DT 33914 744 22 Leitz Leitz NNP 33914 744 23 Photrometer Photrometer NNP 33914 744 24 . . . 33914 745 1 Species specie NNS 33914 745 2 for for IN 33914 745 3 which which WDT 33914 745 4 extracts extract NNS 33914 745 5 were be VBD 33914 745 6 prepared prepare VBN 33914 745 7 and and CC 33914 745 8 the the DT 33914 745 9 protein protein NN 33914 745 10 values value NNS 33914 745 11 of of IN 33914 745 12 the the DT 33914 745 13 extracts extract NNS 33914 745 14 are be VBP 33914 745 15 listed list VBN 33914 745 16 in in IN 33914 745 17 Table table NN 33914 745 18 1 1 CD 33914 745 19 . . . 33914 746 1 Extracts extract NNS 33914 746 2 of of IN 33914 746 3 some some DT 33914 746 4 species specie NNS 33914 746 5 were be VBD 33914 746 6 used use VBN 33914 746 7 throughout throughout IN 33914 746 8 most most JJS 33914 746 9 of of IN 33914 746 10 the the DT 33914 746 11 experiment experiment NN 33914 746 12 ; ; : 33914 746 13 extracts extract NNS 33914 746 14 of of IN 33914 746 15 others other NNS 33914 746 16 were be VBD 33914 746 17 used use VBN 33914 746 18 only only RB 33914 746 19 when when WRB 33914 746 20 needed need VBN 33914 746 21 for for IN 33914 746 22 purposes purpose NNS 33914 746 23 of of IN 33914 746 24 comparison comparison NN 33914 746 25 . . . 33914 747 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 33914 747 2 1.--Species 1.--species CD 33914 747 3 from from IN 33914 747 4 Which which WDT 33914 747 5 Extracts Extracts NNPS 33914 747 6 Were be VBD 33914 747 7 Prepared prepare VBN 33914 747 8 and and CC 33914 747 9 Injection Injection NNP 33914 747 10 Schedules Schedules NNPS 33914 747 11 for for IN 33914 747 12 Extracts Extracts NNPS 33914 747 13 Against against IN 33914 747 14 Which which WDT 33914 747 15 Antisera Antisera NNP 33914 747 16 Were be VBD 33914 747 17 Produced produce VBN 33914 747 18 = = SYM 33914 747 19 = = NFP 33914 747 20 = = NFP 33914 747 21 = = SYM 33914 747 22 = = SYM 33914 747 23 = = SYM 33914 747 24 = = SYM 33914 747 25 = = SYM 33914 747 26 = = SYM 33914 747 27 = = SYM 33914 747 28 = = SYM 33914 747 29 = = SYM 33914 747 30 = = SYM 33914 747 31 = = SYM 33914 747 32 = = SYM 33914 747 33 = = SYM 33914 747 34 = = SYM 33914 747 35 = = SYM 33914 747 36 = = SYM 33914 747 37 = = SYM 33914 747 38 = = SYM 33914 747 39 = = SYM 33914 747 40 = = SYM 33914 747 41 = = SYM 33914 747 42 = = NFP 33914 747 43 = = SYM 33914 747 44 + + SYM 33914 747 45 = = SYM 33914 747 46 = = SYM 33914 747 47 = = SYM 33914 747 48 = = SYM 33914 747 49 = = SYM 33914 747 50 = = SYM 33914 747 51 = = SYM 33914 747 52 = = SYM 33914 747 53 = = NFP 33914 747 54 = = SYM 33914 747 55 + + SYM 33914 747 56 = = SYM 33914 747 57 = = SYM 33914 747 58 = = SYM 33914 747 59 = = SYM 33914 747 60 = = SYM 33914 747 61 = = SYM 33914 747 62 = = SYM 33914 747 63 = = SYM 33914 747 64 = = SYM 33914 747 65 = = SYM 33914 747 66 = = SYM 33914 747 67 = = SYM 33914 747 68 = = SYM 33914 747 69 = = SYM 33914 747 70 = = SYM 33914 747 71 = = SYM 33914 747 72 = = SYM 33914 747 73 = = SYM 33914 747 74 = = SYM 33914 747 75 = = SYM 33914 747 76 = = SYM 33914 747 77 = = SYM 33914 747 78 = = SYM 33914 747 79 = = SYM 33914 747 80 = = SYM 33914 747 81 = = SYM 33914 747 82 = = SYM 33914 747 83 = = SYM 33914 747 84 = = SYM 33914 747 85 = = SYM 33914 747 86 = = SYM 33914 747 87 = = SYM 33914 747 88 = = SYM 33914 747 89 | | NNP 33914 747 90 Protein Protein NNP 33914 747 91 , , , 33914 747 92 | | NNP 33914 747 93 SPECIES SPECIES NNP 33914 747 94 | | NNP 33914 747 95 gms gms NN 33914 747 96 . . . 33914 748 1 per per IN 33914 748 2 | | NNP 33914 748 3 Injection Injection NNP 33914 748 4 schedules schedule NNS 33914 748 5 for for IN 33914 748 6 | | CD 33914 748 7 100 100 CD 33914 748 8 ml ml NNS 33914 748 9 . . . 33914 749 1 | | JJ 33914 749 2 production production NN 33914 749 3 of of IN 33914 749 4 antisera antisera NN 33914 749 5 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- : 33914 749 6 _ _ NNP 33914 749 7 Myiarchus Myiarchus NNP 33914 749 8 crinitus crinitus NN 33914 749 9 _ _ NNP 33914 749 10 | | NNP 33914 749 11 0.65 0.65 CD 33914 749 12 | | NNP 33914 749 13 Series Series NNP 33914 749 14 1 1 CD 33914 749 15 : : : 33914 749 16 Intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 749 17 , , , 33914 749 18 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 749 19 , , , 33914 749 20 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 749 21 , , , 33914 749 22 ( ( -LRB- 33914 749 23 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 33914 749 24 ) ) -RRB- 33914 749 25 | | CD 33914 749 26 | | CD 33914 749 27 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 749 28 , , , 33914 749 29 and and CC 33914 749 30 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 749 31 ml ml NNS 33914 749 32 . . . 33914 750 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 750 2 _ _ NNP 33914 750 3 Passer Passer NNP 33914 750 4 domesticus domesticus NNP 33914 750 5 _ _ NNP 33914 750 6 | | NNP 33914 750 7 1.40 1.40 CD 33914 750 8 | | NNP 33914 750 9 Series Series NNP 33914 750 10 1 1 CD 33914 750 11 : : : 33914 750 12 Subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ 33914 750 13 , , , 33914 750 14 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 750 15 , , , 33914 750 16 | | CD 33914 750 17 | | CD 33914 750 18 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 750 19 , , , 33914 750 20 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 750 21 , , , 33914 750 22 and and CC 33914 750 23 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 750 24 ml ml NNS 33914 750 25 . . . 33914 751 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 751 2 _ _ NNP 33914 751 3 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 751 4 amandava amandava NN 33914 751 5 _ _ NNP 33914 751 6 | | NNP 33914 751 7 0.45 0.45 CD 33914 751 8 | | NNP 33914 751 9 [ [ -LRB- 33914 751 10 A]Series a]serie NNS 33914 751 11 1 1 LS 33914 751 12 : : : 33914 751 13 Intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 751 14 , , , 33914 751 15 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 751 16 , , , 33914 751 17 | | CD 33914 751 18 | | CD 33914 751 19 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 751 20 , , , 33914 751 21 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 751 22 , , , 33914 751 23 and and CC 33914 751 24 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 751 25 ml ml NNS 33914 751 26 . . . 33914 752 1 | | NNP 33914 752 2 | | CD 33914 752 3 | | CD 33914 752 4 | | CD 33914 752 5 [ [ -LRB- 33914 752 6 A]Series a]serie NNS 33914 752 7 2 2 LS 33914 752 8 : : : 33914 752 9 Subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ 33914 752 10 , , , 33914 752 11 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 752 12 , , , 33914 752 13 | | CD 33914 752 14 | | CD 33914 752 15 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 752 16 , , , 33914 752 17 and and CC 33914 752 18 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 752 19 ml ml NNS 33914 752 20 . . . 33914 753 1 | | NNP 33914 753 2 | | CD 33914 753 3 | | CD 33914 753 4 | | NNP 33914 753 5 Intraperitoneal Intraperitoneal NNP 33914 753 6 , , , 33914 753 7 8.0 8.0 CD 33914 753 8 ml ml NNS 33914 753 9 . . . 33914 754 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 754 2 _ _ NNP 33914 754 3 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 754 4 guttata guttata NN 33914 754 5 _ _ NNP 33914 754 6 | | NNP 33914 754 7 0.56 0.56 CD 33914 754 8 | | NNP 33914 754 9 [ [ -LRB- 33914 754 10 A]Same A]Same NNP 33914 754 11 as as IN 33914 754 12 for for IN 33914 754 13 _ _ NNP 33914 754 14 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 754 15 _ _ NNP 33914 754 16 . . . 33914 755 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 755 2 _ _ NNP 33914 755 3 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 755 4 ater ater NN 33914 755 5 _ _ NNP 33914 755 6 | | NNP 33914 755 7 0.65 0.65 CD 33914 755 8 | | NNP 33914 755 9 Series Series NNP 33914 755 10 1 1 CD 33914 755 11 : : : 33914 755 12 Intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 755 13 and and CC 33914 755 14 | | CD 33914 755 15 | | CD 33914 755 16 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ 33914 755 17 , , , 33914 755 18 respectively respectively RB 33914 755 19 , , , 33914 755 20 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 755 21 | | CD 33914 755 22 | | CD 33914 755 23 and and CC 33914 755 24 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 755 25 ml ml NNP 33914 755 26 . . NNP 33914 755 27 , , , 33914 755 28 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 755 29 and and CC 33914 755 30 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 755 31 ml ml NNP 33914 755 32 . . NNP 33914 755 33 , , , 33914 755 34 | | NNP 33914 755 35 | | CD 33914 755 36 3.0 3.0 CD 33914 755 37 and and CC 33914 755 38 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 755 39 ml ml NNP 33914 755 40 . . NNP 33914 755 41 , , , 33914 755 42 5.0 5.0 CD 33914 755 43 and and CC 33914 755 44 3.0 3.0 CD 33914 755 45 ml ml NNS 33914 755 46 . . . 33914 756 1 | | NNP 33914 756 2 | | NNP 33914 756 3 | | NNP 33914 756 4 | | NNP 33914 756 5 Series Series NNP 33914 756 6 2 2 CD 33914 756 7 : : : 33914 756 8 Subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ 33914 756 9 , , , 33914 756 10 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 756 11 , , , 33914 756 12 | | CD 33914 756 13 | | CD 33914 756 14 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 756 15 , , , 33914 756 16 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 756 17 and and CC 33914 756 18 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 756 19 ml ml NNS 33914 756 20 . . . 33914 757 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 757 2 _ _ NNP 33914 757 3 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 757 4 rubra rubra NNP 33914 757 5 _ _ NNP 33914 757 6 | | NNP 33914 757 7 0.50 0.50 CD 33914 757 8 | | NNP 33914 757 9 Same Same NNP 33914 757 10 as as IN 33914 757 11 for for IN 33914 757 12 _ _ NNP 33914 757 13 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 757 14 _ _ NNP 33914 757 15 . . . 33914 758 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 758 2 _ _ NNP 33914 758 3 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 758 4 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 758 5 _ _ NNP 33914 758 6 | | NNP 33914 758 7 0.70 0.70 CD 33914 758 8 | | CD 33914 758 9 [ [ -LRB- 33914 758 10 A]Same a]same NN 33914 758 11 as as IN 33914 758 12 for for IN 33914 758 13 _ _ NNP 33914 758 14 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 758 15 _ _ NNP 33914 758 16 . . . 33914 759 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 759 2 _ _ NNP 33914 759 3 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 759 4 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 759 5 _ _ NNP 33914 759 6 | | NNP 33914 759 7 0.60 0.60 CD 33914 759 8 | | NNS 33914 759 9 Same Same NNP 33914 759 10 as as IN 33914 759 11 for for IN 33914 759 12 _ _ NNP 33914 759 13 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 759 14 _ _ NNP 33914 759 15 . . . 33914 760 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 760 2 _ _ NNP 33914 760 3 Passerina Passerina NNP 33914 760 4 cyanea cyanea NN 33914 760 5 _ _ NNP 33914 760 6 | | NNP 33914 760 7 0.45 0.45 CD 33914 760 8 | | NNP 33914 760 9 Antiserum Antiserum NNP 33914 760 10 not not RB 33914 760 11 prepared prepare VBN 33914 760 12 . . . 33914 761 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 761 2 _ _ NNP 33914 761 3 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 761 4 americana americana VBZ 33914 761 5 _ _ NNP 33914 761 6 | | NNP 33914 761 7 0.70 0.70 CD 33914 761 8 | | NNS 33914 761 9 Same same JJ 33914 761 10 as as IN 33914 761 11 for for IN 33914 761 12 _ _ NNP 33914 761 13 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 761 14 _ _ NNP 33914 761 15 . . . 33914 762 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 762 2 _ _ NNP 33914 762 3 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 762 4 purpureus purpureus NN 33914 762 5 _ _ NNP 33914 762 6 | | NNP 33914 762 7 0.50 0.50 CD 33914 762 8 | | NNP 33914 762 9 Antiserum Antiserum NNP 33914 762 10 not not RB 33914 762 11 prepared prepare VBN 33914 762 12 . . . 33914 763 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 763 2 _ _ NNP 33914 763 3 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 763 4 tristis tristis NN 33914 763 5 _ _ NNP 33914 763 6 | | NNP 33914 763 7 0.49 0.49 CD 33914 763 8 | | NNP 33914 763 9 Series Series NNP 33914 763 10 1 1 CD 33914 763 11 : : : 33914 763 12 Intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 763 13 , , , 33914 763 14 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 763 15 , , , 33914 763 16 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 763 17 , , , 33914 763 18 | | CD 33914 763 19 | | CD 33914 763 20 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 763 21 , , , 33914 763 22 and and CC 33914 763 23 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 763 24 ml ml NNS 33914 763 25 . . . 33914 764 1 | | NNP 33914 764 2 | | NNP 33914 764 3 | | NNP 33914 764 4 | | NNP 33914 764 5 Series Series NNP 33914 764 6 2 2 CD 33914 764 7 : : : 33914 764 8 Intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 764 9 , , , 33914 764 10 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 764 11 , , , 33914 764 12 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 764 13 , , , 33914 764 14 | | CD 33914 764 15 | | CD 33914 764 16 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 764 17 , , , 33914 764 18 and and CC 33914 764 19 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 764 20 ml ml NNS 33914 764 21 . . . 33914 765 1 | | NNP 33914 765 2 | | NNP 33914 765 3 | | NNP 33914 765 4 | | NNP 33914 765 5 Series Series NNP 33914 765 6 3 3 CD 33914 765 7 : : : 33914 765 8 Subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ 33914 765 9 , , , 33914 765 10 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 765 11 , , , 33914 765 12 | | CD 33914 765 13 | | CD 33914 765 14 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 765 15 , , , 33914 765 16 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 765 17 , , , 33914 765 18 and and CC 33914 765 19 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 765 20 ml ml NNS 33914 765 21 . . . 33914 766 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 766 2 _ _ NNP 33914 766 3 Pipilo Pipilo NNP 33914 766 4 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus NNP 33914 766 5 _ _ NNP 33914 766 6 | | NNP 33914 766 7 0.92 0.92 NNP 33914 766 8 | | NNP 33914 766 9 Antiserum Antiserum NNP 33914 766 10 not not RB 33914 766 11 prepared prepare VBN 33914 766 12 . . . 33914 767 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 767 2 _ _ NNP 33914 767 3 Junco Junco NNP 33914 767 4 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 767 5 _ _ NNP 33914 767 6 | | NNP 33914 767 7 0.56 0.56 CD 33914 767 8 | | NNP 33914 767 9 Same Same NNP 33914 767 10 as as IN 33914 767 11 for for IN 33914 767 12 _ _ NNP 33914 767 13 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 767 14 _ _ NNP 33914 767 15 . . . 33914 768 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 768 2 _ _ NNP 33914 768 3 Spizella Spizella NNP 33914 768 4 arborea arborea NN 33914 768 5 _ _ NNP 33914 768 6 | | NNP 33914 768 7 0.48 0.48 CD 33914 768 8 | | NNP 33914 768 9 Same Same NNP 33914 768 10 as as IN 33914 768 11 for for IN 33914 768 12 _ _ NNP 33914 768 13 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 768 14 _ _ NNP 33914 768 15 . . . 33914 769 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 769 2 _ _ NNP 33914 769 3 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 769 4 querula querula NN 33914 769 5 _ _ NNP 33914 769 6 | | NNP 33914 769 7 0.48 0.48 CD 33914 769 8 | | NNP 33914 769 9 Same Same NNP 33914 769 10 as as IN 33914 769 11 for for IN 33914 769 12 _ _ NNP 33914 769 13 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 769 14 _ _ NNP 33914 769 15 . . . 33914 770 1 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- NFP 33914 770 2 _ _ NNP 33914 770 3 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 770 4 albicollis albicollis NNP 33914 770 5 _ _ NNP 33914 770 6 | | NNP 33914 770 7 0.92 0.92 NNP 33914 770 8 | | NNP 33914 770 9 Antiserum Antiserum NNP 33914 770 10 not not RB 33914 770 11 prepared prepare VBN 33914 770 12 . . . 33914 771 1 ( ( -LRB- 33914 771 2 Gmelin Gmelin NNP 33914 771 3 ) ) -RRB- 33914 771 4 | | CD 33914 771 5 | | CD 33914 771 6 --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- --------------------------+----------+--------------------------------- VB 33914 771 7 [ [ -LRB- 33914 771 8 A a NN 33914 771 9 ] ] -RRB- 33914 771 10 Antiserum Antiserum NNP 33914 771 11 prepared prepare VBD 33914 771 12 against against IN 33914 771 13 formolized formolize VBN 33914 771 14 antigen antigen NN 33914 771 15 . . . 33914 772 1 Preparation Preparation NNP 33914 772 2 of of IN 33914 772 3 Antisera Antisera NNP 33914 772 4 All all DT 33914 772 5 antisera antisera NNP 33914 772 6 were be VBD 33914 772 7 produced produce VBN 33914 772 8 in in IN 33914 772 9 rabbits rabbit NNS 33914 772 10 ( ( -LRB- 33914 772 11 laboratory laboratory NN 33914 772 12 stock stock NN 33914 772 13 of of IN 33914 772 14 _ _ NNP 33914 772 15 Oryctolagus Oryctolagus NNP 33914 772 16 cuniculus cuniculus NN 33914 772 17 _ _ NNP 33914 772 18 ) ) -RRB- 33914 772 19 . . . 33914 773 1 Three three CD 33914 773 2 methods method NNS 33914 773 3 of of IN 33914 773 4 injection injection NN 33914 773 5 of of IN 33914 773 6 antigen antigen NNP 33914 773 7 were be VBD 33914 773 8 used use VBN 33914 773 9 in in IN 33914 773 10 various various JJ 33914 773 11 combinations combination NNS 33914 773 12 : : : 33914 773 13 intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 773 14 , , , 33914 773 15 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ 33914 773 16 , , , 33914 773 17 and and CC 33914 773 18 intraperitoneal intraperitoneal JJ 33914 773 19 . . . 33914 774 1 Injection injection NN 33914 774 2 schedules schedule NNS 33914 774 3 used use VBN 33914 774 4 in in IN 33914 774 5 the the DT 33914 774 6 production production NN 33914 774 7 of of IN 33914 774 8 each each DT 33914 774 9 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 774 10 are be VBP 33914 774 11 listed list VBN 33914 774 12 in in IN 33914 774 13 Table table NN 33914 774 14 1 1 CD 33914 774 15 . . . 33914 775 1 Both both DT 33914 775 2 formolized formolized JJ 33914 775 3 and and CC 33914 775 4 " " `` 33914 775 5 native native JJ 33914 775 6 " " '' 33914 775 7 antigens antigen NNS 33914 775 8 were be VBD 33914 775 9 used use VBN 33914 775 10 . . . 33914 776 1 Each each DT 33914 776 2 rabbit rabbit NN 33914 776 3 received receive VBD 33914 776 4 one one CD 33914 776 5 or or CC 33914 776 6 more more JJR 33914 776 7 series series NN 33914 776 8 of of IN 33914 776 9 four four CD 33914 776 10 injections injection NNS 33914 776 11 , , , 33914 776 12 each each DT 33914 776 13 injection injection NN 33914 776 14 being be VBG 33914 776 15 administered administer VBN 33914 776 16 on on IN 33914 776 17 alternate alternate JJ 33914 776 18 days day NNS 33914 776 19 and and CC 33914 776 20 doubling double VBG 33914 776 21 in in IN 33914 776 22 amount amount NN 33914 776 23 : : : 33914 776 24 0.5 0.5 CD 33914 776 25 ml ml NNP 33914 776 26 . . NNP 33914 776 27 , , , 33914 776 28 1.0 1.0 CD 33914 776 29 ml ml NNP 33914 776 30 . . NNP 33914 776 31 , , , 33914 776 32 2.0 2.0 CD 33914 776 33 ml ml NNP 33914 776 34 . . NNP 33914 776 35 , , , 33914 776 36 and and CC 33914 776 37 4.0 4.0 CD 33914 776 38 ml ml NNS 33914 776 39 . . . 33914 777 1 In in IN 33914 777 2 all all DT 33914 777 3 but but IN 33914 777 4 two two CD 33914 777 5 instances instance NNS 33914 777 6 more more JJR 33914 777 7 than than IN 33914 777 8 one one CD 33914 777 9 series series NN 33914 777 10 of of IN 33914 777 11 injections injection NNS 33914 777 12 was be VBD 33914 777 13 necessary necessary JJ 33914 777 14 to to TO 33914 777 15 produce produce VB 33914 777 16 a a DT 33914 777 17 useful useful JJ 33914 777 18 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 777 19 . . . 33914 778 1 More More JJR 33914 778 2 than than IN 33914 778 3 two two CD 33914 778 4 series series NN 33914 778 5 , , , 33914 778 6 however however RB 33914 778 7 , , , 33914 778 8 resulted result VBD 33914 778 9 in in IN 33914 778 10 little little JJ 33914 778 11 or or CC 33914 778 12 no no DT 33914 778 13 improvement improvement NN 33914 778 14 of of IN 33914 778 15 the the DT 33914 778 16 reactivity reactivity NN 33914 778 17 of of IN 33914 778 18 the the DT 33914 778 19 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 778 20 . . . 33914 779 1 The the DT 33914 779 2 injection injection NN 33914 779 3 - - HYPH 33914 779 4 series series NN 33914 779 5 were be VBD 33914 779 6 separated separate VBN 33914 779 7 by by IN 33914 779 8 intervals interval NNS 33914 779 9 of of IN 33914 779 10 eight eight CD 33914 779 11 days day NNS 33914 779 12 . . . 33914 780 1 On on IN 33914 780 2 the the DT 33914 780 3 eighth eighth JJ 33914 780 4 day day NN 33914 780 5 after after IN 33914 780 6 the the DT 33914 780 7 last last JJ 33914 780 8 injection injection NN 33914 780 9 of of IN 33914 780 10 each each DT 33914 780 11 series series NN 33914 780 12 , , , 33914 780 13 10 10 CD 33914 780 14 ml ml NNS 33914 780 15 . . . 33914 781 1 of of IN 33914 781 2 blood blood NN 33914 781 3 were be VBD 33914 781 4 withdrawn withdraw VBN 33914 781 5 from from IN 33914 781 6 the the DT 33914 781 7 main main JJ 33914 781 8 artery artery NN 33914 781 9 of of IN 33914 781 10 the the DT 33914 781 11 ear ear NN 33914 781 12 of of IN 33914 781 13 the the DT 33914 781 14 rabbit rabbit NN 33914 781 15 , , , 33914 781 16 and and CC 33914 781 17 the the DT 33914 781 18 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 781 19 was be VBD 33914 781 20 used use VBN 33914 781 21 in in IN 33914 781 22 a a DT 33914 781 23 homologous homologous JJ 33914 781 24 precipitin precipitin NN 33914 781 25 test test NN 33914 781 26 to to TO 33914 781 27 determine determine VB 33914 781 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 781 29 usefulness usefulness NN 33914 781 30 . . . 33914 782 1 If if IN 33914 782 2 the the DT 33914 782 3 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 782 4 contained contain VBD 33914 782 5 sufficient sufficient JJ 33914 782 6 amounts amount NNS 33914 782 7 of of IN 33914 782 8 antibodies antibody NNS 33914 782 9 to to TO 33914 782 10 conduct conduct VB 33914 782 11 the the DT 33914 782 12 projected project VBN 33914 782 13 tests test NNS 33914 782 14 , , , 33914 782 15 the the DT 33914 782 16 rabbit rabbit NN 33914 782 17 was be VBD 33914 782 18 completely completely RB 33914 782 19 exsanguinated exsanguinate VBN 33914 782 20 by by IN 33914 782 21 cardiac cardiac JJ 33914 782 22 puncture puncture NN 33914 782 23 , , , 33914 782 24 by by IN 33914 782 25 using use VBG 33914 782 26 an an DT 33914 782 27 18-gauge 18-gauge CD 33914 782 28 needle needle NN 33914 782 29 and and CC 33914 782 30 a a DT 33914 782 31 50 50 CD 33914 782 32 ml ml NN 33914 782 33 . . . 33914 783 1 syringe syringe NN 33914 783 2 . . . 33914 784 1 The the DT 33914 784 2 whole whole JJ 33914 784 3 blood blood NN 33914 784 4 was be VBD 33914 784 5 placed place VBN 33914 784 6 in in IN 33914 784 7 clean clean JJ 33914 784 8 test test NN 33914 784 9 tubes tube NNS 33914 784 10 and and CC 33914 784 11 allowed allow VBN 33914 784 12 to to TO 33914 784 13 clot clot VB 33914 784 14 . . . 33914 785 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 785 2 was be VBD 33914 785 3 allowed allow VBN 33914 785 4 to to TO 33914 785 5 stand stand VB 33914 785 6 at at IN 33914 785 7 2 2 NNP 33914 785 8 ° ° NNS 33914 785 9 C C NNP 33914 785 10 . . . 33914 786 1 for for IN 33914 786 2 12 12 CD 33914 786 3 to to TO 33914 786 4 18 18 CD 33914 786 5 hours hour NNS 33914 786 6 so so IN 33914 786 7 that that IN 33914 786 8 most most JJS 33914 786 9 of of IN 33914 786 10 the the DT 33914 786 11 serum serum NN 33914 786 12 would would MD 33914 786 13 be be VB 33914 786 14 expressed express VBN 33914 786 15 from from IN 33914 786 16 the the DT 33914 786 17 clot clot NN 33914 786 18 . . . 33914 787 1 The the DT 33914 787 2 serum serum NN 33914 787 3 was be VBD 33914 787 4 then then RB 33914 787 5 decanted decant VBN 33914 787 6 , , , 33914 787 7 centrifuged centrifuge VBD 33914 787 8 to to TO 33914 787 9 remove remove VB 33914 787 10 all all DT 33914 787 11 blood blood NN 33914 787 12 cells cell NNS 33914 787 13 , , , 33914 787 14 sterilized sterilize VBN 33914 787 15 in in IN 33914 787 16 a a DT 33914 787 17 Seitz Seitz NNP 33914 787 18 filter filter NN 33914 787 19 , , , 33914 787 20 bottled bottle VBN 33914 787 21 in in IN 33914 787 22 sterile sterile JJ 33914 787 23 vials vial NNS 33914 787 24 , , , 33914 787 25 and and CC 33914 787 26 stored store VBN 33914 787 27 at at IN 33914 787 28 2 2 NNP 33914 787 29 ° ° NNS 33914 787 30 C C NNP 33914 787 31 . . . 33914 788 1 until until IN 33914 788 2 used use VBN 33914 788 3 . . . 33914 789 1 Methods method NNS 33914 789 2 of of IN 33914 789 3 Serological serological JJ 33914 789 4 Testing testing NN 33914 789 5 The the DT 33914 789 6 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 789 7 reaction reaction NN 33914 789 8 is be VBZ 33914 789 9 the the DT 33914 789 10 most most RBS 33914 789 11 successful successful JJ 33914 789 12 of of IN 33914 789 13 the the DT 33914 789 14 serological serological JJ 33914 789 15 techniques technique NNS 33914 789 16 thus thus RB 33914 789 17 far far RB 33914 789 18 devised devise VBN 33914 789 19 for for IN 33914 789 20 systematic systematic JJ 33914 789 21 comparisons comparison NNS 33914 789 22 . . . 33914 790 1 The the DT 33914 790 2 reaction reaction NN 33914 790 3 occurs occur VBZ 33914 790 4 because because IN 33914 790 5 antigenic antigenic JJ 33914 790 6 substances substance NNS 33914 790 7 introduced introduce VBN 33914 790 8 into into IN 33914 790 9 the the DT 33914 790 10 body body NN 33914 790 11 of of IN 33914 790 12 an an DT 33914 790 13 animal animal NN 33914 790 14 cause cause NN 33914 790 15 the the DT 33914 790 16 formation formation NN 33914 790 17 of of IN 33914 790 18 antibodies antibody NNS 33914 790 19 which which WDT 33914 790 20 precipitate precipitate VBP 33914 790 21 antigens antigen NNS 33914 790 22 when when WRB 33914 790 23 the the DT 33914 790 24 two two CD 33914 790 25 are be VBP 33914 790 26 mixed mixed JJ 33914 790 27 . . . 33914 791 1 The the DT 33914 791 2 antisera antisera NN 33914 791 3 which which WDT 33914 791 4 are be VBP 33914 791 5 produced produce VBN 33914 791 6 show show VBP 33914 791 7 quantitative quantitative JJ 33914 791 8 specificities specificity NNS 33914 791 9 in in IN 33914 791 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 791 11 actions action NNS 33914 791 12 ; ; : 33914 791 13 therefore therefore RB 33914 791 14 , , , 33914 791 15 when when WRB 33914 791 16 an an DT 33914 791 17 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 791 18 containing contain VBG 33914 791 19 precipitins precipitin NNS 33914 791 20 is be VBZ 33914 791 21 mixed mixed JJ 33914 791 22 with with IN 33914 791 23 each each DT 33914 791 24 of of IN 33914 791 25 several several JJ 33914 791 26 antigens antigen NNS 33914 791 27 , , , 33914 791 28 the the DT 33914 791 29 reaction reaction NN 33914 791 30 involving involve VBG 33914 791 31 the the DT 33914 791 32 homologous homologous JJ 33914 791 33 antigen antigen NN 33914 791 34 ( ( -LRB- 33914 791 35 that that IN 33914 791 36 used use VBN 33914 791 37 in in IN 33914 791 38 the the DT 33914 791 39 production production NN 33914 791 40 of of IN 33914 791 41 the the DT 33914 791 42 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 791 43 ) ) -RRB- 33914 791 44 is be VBZ 33914 791 45 greater great JJR 33914 791 46 than than IN 33914 791 47 those those DT 33914 791 48 reactions reaction NNS 33914 791 49 involving involve VBG 33914 791 50 the the DT 33914 791 51 heterologous heterologous JJ 33914 791 52 antigens antigen NNS 33914 791 53 ( ( -LRB- 33914 791 54 antigens antigen NNS 33914 791 55 other other JJ 33914 791 56 than than IN 33914 791 57 those those DT 33914 791 58 used use VBN 33914 791 59 in in IN 33914 791 60 the the DT 33914 791 61 production production NN 33914 791 62 of of IN 33914 791 63 the the DT 33914 791 64 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 791 65 ) ) -RRB- 33914 791 66 . . . 33914 792 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 33914 792 2 , , , 33914 792 3 the the DT 33914 792 4 magnitudes magnitude NNS 33914 792 5 of of IN 33914 792 6 the the DT 33914 792 7 reactions reaction NNS 33914 792 8 between between IN 33914 792 9 the the DT 33914 792 10 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 792 11 and and CC 33914 792 12 the the DT 33914 792 13 heterologous heterologous JJ 33914 792 14 antigens antigen NNS 33914 792 15 vary vary VBP 33914 792 16 according accord VBG 33914 792 17 to to IN 33914 792 18 the the DT 33914 792 19 degrees degree NNS 33914 792 20 of of IN 33914 792 21 similarity similarity NN 33914 792 22 of of IN 33914 792 23 these these DT 33914 792 24 antigens antigen NNS 33914 792 25 to to IN 33914 792 26 the the DT 33914 792 27 homologous homologous JJ 33914 792 28 one one NN 33914 792 29 . . . 33914 793 1 The the DT 33914 793 2 method method NN 33914 793 3 of of IN 33914 793 4 precipitin precipitin NN 33914 793 5 testing testing NN 33914 793 6 follows follow VBZ 33914 793 7 that that WDT 33914 793 8 outlined outline VBN 33914 793 9 by by IN 33914 793 10 Leone Leone NNP 33914 793 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 793 12 1949 1949 CD 33914 793 13 ) ) -RRB- 33914 793 14 . . . 33914 794 1 The the DT 33914 794 2 Libby Libby NNP 33914 794 3 ( ( -LRB- 33914 794 4 1938 1938 CD 33914 794 5 ) ) -RRB- 33914 794 6 Photronreflectometer photronreflectometer NN 33914 794 7 was be VBD 33914 794 8 used use VBN 33914 794 9 to to TO 33914 794 10 measure measure VB 33914 794 11 the the DT 33914 794 12 turbidities turbidity NNS 33914 794 13 developed develop VBN 33914 794 14 by by IN 33914 794 15 the the DT 33914 794 16 interaction interaction NN 33914 794 17 of of IN 33914 794 18 antigen antigen NNP 33914 794 19 and and CC 33914 794 20 antiserum antiserum NNP 33914 794 21 . . . 33914 795 1 With with IN 33914 795 2 this this DT 33914 795 3 instrument instrument NN 33914 795 4 parallel parallel NN 33914 795 5 rays ray NNS 33914 795 6 of of IN 33914 795 7 light light NN 33914 795 8 are be VBP 33914 795 9 passed pass VBN 33914 795 10 through through IN 33914 795 11 the the DT 33914 795 12 turbid turbid NN 33914 795 13 systems system NNS 33914 795 14 being be VBG 33914 795 15 measured measure VBN 33914 795 16 . . . 33914 796 1 Light light JJ 33914 796 2 rays ray NNS 33914 796 3 are be VBP 33914 796 4 reflected reflect VBN 33914 796 5 from from IN 33914 796 6 the the DT 33914 796 7 suspended suspend VBN 33914 796 8 particles particle NNS 33914 796 9 to to IN 33914 796 10 the the DT 33914 796 11 sensitive sensitive JJ 33914 796 12 plate plate NN 33914 796 13 of of IN 33914 796 14 a a DT 33914 796 15 photoelectric photoelectric JJ 33914 796 16 cell cell NN 33914 796 17 ; ; : 33914 796 18 this this DT 33914 796 19 generates generate VBZ 33914 796 20 a a DT 33914 796 21 current current NN 33914 796 22 of of IN 33914 796 23 electricity electricity NN 33914 796 24 which which WDT 33914 796 25 causes cause VBZ 33914 796 26 a a DT 33914 796 27 deflection deflection NN 33914 796 28 on on IN 33914 796 29 a a DT 33914 796 30 galvanometer galvanometer NN 33914 796 31 . . . 33914 797 1 The the DT 33914 797 2 deflection deflection NN 33914 797 3 is be VBZ 33914 797 4 proportional proportional JJ 33914 797 5 to to IN 33914 797 6 the the DT 33914 797 7 amount amount NN 33914 797 8 of of IN 33914 797 9 turbidity turbidity NN 33914 797 10 developed develop VBN 33914 797 11 and and CC 33914 797 12 readings reading NNS 33914 797 13 may may MD 33914 797 14 be be VB 33914 797 15 taken take VBN 33914 797 16 directly directly RB 33914 797 17 from from IN 33914 797 18 the the DT 33914 797 19 scale scale NN 33914 797 20 of of IN 33914 797 21 the the DT 33914 797 22 instrument instrument NN 33914 797 23 . . . 33914 798 1 The the DT 33914 798 2 reaction reaction NN 33914 798 3 - - HYPH 33914 798 4 cells cell NNS 33914 798 5 of of IN 33914 798 6 the the DT 33914 798 7 photronreflectometer photronreflectometer NN 33914 798 8 are be VBP 33914 798 9 designed design VBN 33914 798 10 to to TO 33914 798 11 operate operate VB 33914 798 12 with with IN 33914 798 13 a a DT 33914 798 14 volume volume NN 33914 798 15 of of IN 33914 798 16 2 2 CD 33914 798 17 ml ml NNS 33914 798 18 . . . 33914 799 1 ; ; : 33914 799 2 therefore therefore RB 33914 799 3 , , , 33914 799 4 this this DT 33914 799 5 volume volume NN 33914 799 6 was be VBD 33914 799 7 used use VBN 33914 799 8 in in IN 33914 799 9 all all DT 33914 799 10 testing testing NN 33914 799 11 . . . 33914 800 1 In in IN 33914 800 2 every every DT 33914 800 3 series series NN 33914 800 4 of of IN 33914 800 5 tests test NNS 33914 800 6 the the DT 33914 800 7 amount amount NN 33914 800 8 of of IN 33914 800 9 antiserum antiserum NNP 33914 800 10 was be VBD 33914 800 11 held hold VBN 33914 800 12 constant constant JJ 33914 800 13 and and CC 33914 800 14 the the DT 33914 800 15 amount amount NN 33914 800 16 of of IN 33914 800 17 antigen antigen NNP 33914 800 18 was be VBD 33914 800 19 varied varied JJ 33914 800 20 . . . 33914 801 1 The the DT 33914 801 2 volume volume NN 33914 801 3 for for IN 33914 801 4 each each DT 33914 801 5 antigen antigen NN 33914 801 6 dilution dilution NN 33914 801 7 was be VBD 33914 801 8 always always RB 33914 801 9 1.7 1.7 CD 33914 801 10 ml ml NNS 33914 801 11 . . NNP 33914 801 12 , , , 33914 801 13 and and CC 33914 801 14 to to IN 33914 801 15 this this DT 33914 801 16 was be VBD 33914 801 17 added add VBN 33914 801 18 0.3 0.3 CD 33914 801 19 ml ml NNS 33914 801 20 . . . 33914 802 1 of of IN 33914 802 2 antiserum antiserum NNP 33914 802 3 to to TO 33914 802 4 make make VB 33914 802 5 up up RP 33914 802 6 a a DT 33914 802 7 volume volume NN 33914 802 8 of of IN 33914 802 9 2 2 CD 33914 802 10 ml ml NNS 33914 802 11 . . . 33914 803 1 TABLE TABLE NNS 33914 803 2 2.--Percentage 2.--percentage CD 33914 803 3 values value NNS 33914 803 4 obtained obtain VBN 33914 803 5 from from IN 33914 803 6 analyses analysis NNS 33914 803 7 of of IN 33914 803 8 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 803 9 reactions reaction NNS 33914 803 10 . . . 33914 804 1 Numerals numeral NNS 33914 804 2 represent represent VBP 33914 804 3 relative relative JJ 33914 804 4 amounts amount NNS 33914 804 5 of of IN 33914 804 6 reaction reaction NN 33914 804 7 between between IN 33914 804 8 antigens antigen NNS 33914 804 9 and and CC 33914 804 10 antisera antisera NNP 33914 804 11 . . . 33914 805 1 Homologous homologous JJ 33914 805 2 reactions reaction NNS 33914 805 3 are be VBP 33914 805 4 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 33914 805 5 valued value VBN 33914 805 6 as as IN 33914 805 7 100 100 CD 33914 805 8 per per NN 33914 805 9 cent cent NN 33914 805 10 , , , 33914 805 11 and and CC 33914 805 12 heterologous heterologous JJ 33914 805 13 reactions reaction NNS 33914 805 14 are be VBP 33914 805 15 expressed express VBN 33914 805 16 accordingly accordingly RB 33914 805 17 . . . 33914 806 1 _ _ NNP 33914 806 2 Comparisons Comparisons NNP 33914 806 3 are be VBP 33914 806 4 meaningful meaningful JJ 33914 806 5 only only RB 33914 806 6 if if IN 33914 806 7 made make VBN 33914 806 8 within within IN 33914 806 9 each each DT 33914 806 10 horizontal horizontal JJ 33914 806 11 row row NN 33914 806 12 of of IN 33914 806 13 values value NNS 33914 806 14 . . . 33914 806 15 _ _ NNP 33914 806 16 Table table NN 33914 806 17 headings heading NNS 33914 806 18 : : : 33914 806 19 Col Col NNP 33914 806 20 A A NNP 33914 806 21 : : : 33914 806 22 _ _ NNP 33914 806 23 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 806 24 amandava amandava NN 33914 806 25 _ _ NNP 33914 806 26 Col Col NNP 33914 806 27 B B NNP 33914 806 28 : : : 33914 806 29 _ _ NNP 33914 806 30 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 806 31 guttata guttata NN 33914 806 32 _ _ NNP 33914 806 33 Col Col NNP 33914 806 34 C C NNP 33914 806 35 : : : 33914 806 36 _ _ NNP 33914 806 37 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 806 38 rubra rubra NNP 33914 806 39 _ _ NNP 33914 806 40 Col Col NNP 33914 806 41 D D NNP 33914 806 42 : : : 33914 806 43 _ _ NNP 33914 806 44 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 806 45 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 806 46 _ _ NNP 33914 806 47 Col Col NNP 33914 806 48 E E NNP 33914 806 49 : : : 33914 806 50 _ _ NNP 33914 806 51 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 806 52 americana americana VBZ 33914 806 53 _ _ NNP 33914 806 54 Col Col NNP 33914 806 55 F F NNP 33914 806 56 : : : 33914 806 57 _ _ NNP 33914 806 58 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 806 59 tristis tristis NN 33914 806 60 _ _ NNP 33914 806 61 Col Col NNP 33914 806 62 G G NNP 33914 806 63 : : : 33914 806 64 _ _ NNP 33914 806 65 Junco Junco NNP 33914 806 66 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 806 67 _ _ NNP 33914 806 68 Col Col NNP 33914 806 69 H H NNP 33914 806 70 : : : 33914 806 71 _ _ NNP 33914 806 72 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 806 73 querula querula NN 33914 806 74 _ _ NNP 33914 806 75 = = SYM 33914 806 76 = = SYM 33914 806 77 = = SYM 33914 806 78 = = SYM 33914 806 79 = = SYM 33914 806 80 = = SYM 33914 806 81 = = SYM 33914 806 82 = = SYM 33914 806 83 = = SYM 33914 806 84 = = SYM 33914 806 85 = = SYM 33914 806 86 = = SYM 33914 806 87 = = SYM 33914 806 88 = = SYM 33914 806 89 = = SYM 33914 806 90 = = SYM 33914 806 91 = = SYM 33914 806 92 = = SYM 33914 806 93 = = SYM 33914 806 94 = = SYM 33914 806 95 = = SYM 33914 806 96 = = SYM 33914 806 97 = = NFP 33914 806 98 = = SYM 33914 806 99 + + SYM 33914 806 100 = = SYM 33914 806 101 = = SYM 33914 806 102 = = SYM 33914 806 103 = = SYM 33914 806 104 = = SYM 33914 806 105 = = SYM 33914 806 106 = = SYM 33914 806 107 = = SYM 33914 806 108 = = SYM 33914 806 109 = = SYM 33914 806 110 = = SYM 33914 806 111 = = SYM 33914 806 112 = = SYM 33914 806 113 = = SYM 33914 806 114 = = SYM 33914 806 115 = = SYM 33914 806 116 = = SYM 33914 806 117 = = SYM 33914 806 118 = = SYM 33914 806 119 = = SYM 33914 806 120 = = SYM 33914 806 121 = = SYM 33914 806 122 = = SYM 33914 806 123 = = SYM 33914 806 124 = = SYM 33914 806 125 = = SYM 33914 806 126 = = SYM 33914 806 127 = = SYM 33914 806 128 = = SYM 33914 806 129 = = SYM 33914 806 130 = = SYM 33914 806 131 = = SYM 33914 806 132 = = SYM 33914 806 133 = = SYM 33914 806 134 = = SYM 33914 806 135 = = SYM 33914 806 136 = = SYM 33914 806 137 = = SYM 33914 806 138 = = SYM 33914 806 139 = = SYM 33914 806 140 = = SYM 33914 806 141 = = SYM 33914 806 142 = = SYM 33914 806 143 = = SYM 33914 806 144 = = NNS 33914 806 145 = = SYM 33914 806 146 | | NNP 33914 806 147 ANTISERA antisera NN 33914 806 148 ANTIGENS antigen NNS 33914 806 149 + + CC 33914 806 150 -----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- -----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 151 | | NNP 33914 806 152 A A NNP 33914 806 153 | | NNP 33914 806 154 B B NNP 33914 806 155 | | NNP 33914 806 156 C C NNP 33914 806 157 | | NNP 33914 806 158 D D NNP 33914 806 159 | | NNP 33914 806 160 E E NNP 33914 806 161 | | NNP 33914 806 162 F F NNP 33914 806 163 | | NNP 33914 806 164 G G NNP 33914 806 165 | | NNP 33914 806 166 H H NNP 33914 806 167 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NN 33914 806 168 _ _ NNP 33914 806 169 Passer Passer NNP 33914 806 170 domesticus domesticus NNP 33914 806 171 _ _ NNP 33914 806 172 | | NNP 33914 806 173 75 75 CD 33914 806 174 | | CD 33914 806 175 74 74 CD 33914 806 176 | | CD 33914 806 177 73 73 CD 33914 806 178 | | CD 33914 806 179 66 66 CD 33914 806 180 | | CD 33914 806 181 81 81 CD 33914 806 182 | | CD 33914 806 183 72 72 CD 33914 806 184 | | CD 33914 806 185 ... ... : 33914 806 186 | | CD 33914 806 187 81 81 CD 33914 806 188 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- . 33914 806 189 _ _ NNP 33914 806 190 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 806 191 amandava amandava NN 33914 806 192 _ _ NNP 33914 806 193 | | NNP 33914 806 194 100 100 CD 33914 806 195 | | CD 33914 806 196 88 88 CD 33914 806 197 | | CD 33914 806 198 75 75 CD 33914 806 199 | | CD 33914 806 200 ... ... SYM 33914 806 201 | | CD 33914 806 202 79 79 CD 33914 806 203 | | CD 33914 806 204 72 72 CD 33914 806 205 | | CD 33914 806 206 53 53 CD 33914 806 207 | | CD 33914 806 208 ... ... NFP 33914 806 209 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 210 _ _ NNP 33914 806 211 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 806 212 guttata guttata NN 33914 806 213 _ _ NNP 33914 806 214 | | NNP 33914 806 215 95 95 CD 33914 806 216 | | CD 33914 806 217 100 100 CD 33914 806 218 | | CD 33914 806 219 77 77 CD 33914 806 220 | | CD 33914 806 221 67 67 CD 33914 806 222 | | CD 33914 806 223 87 87 CD 33914 806 224 | | CD 33914 806 225 81 81 CD 33914 806 226 | | CD 33914 806 227 ... ... : 33914 806 228 | | CD 33914 806 229 ... ... NFP 33914 806 230 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 231 _ _ NNP 33914 806 232 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 806 233 ater ater NN 33914 806 234 _ _ NNP 33914 806 235 | | NNP 33914 806 236 66 66 CD 33914 806 237 | | CD 33914 806 238 54 54 CD 33914 806 239 | | CD 33914 806 240 69 69 CD 33914 806 241 | | CD 33914 806 242 65 65 CD 33914 806 243 | | CD 33914 806 244 86 86 CD 33914 806 245 | | CD 33914 806 246 75 75 CD 33914 806 247 | | CD 33914 806 248 69 69 CD 33914 806 249 | | CD 33914 806 250 75 75 CD 33914 806 251 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 252 _ _ NNP 33914 806 253 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 806 254 rubra rubra NNP 33914 806 255 _ _ NNP 33914 806 256 | | NNP 33914 806 257 ... ... : 33914 806 258 | | NNP 33914 806 259 ... ... : 33914 806 260 | | CD 33914 806 261 100 100 CD 33914 806 262 | | CD 33914 806 263 ... ... : 33914 806 264 | | NNP 33914 806 265 ... ... : 33914 806 266 | | NNP 33914 806 267 ... ... : 33914 806 268 | | NNP 33914 806 269 ... ... : 33914 806 270 | | CD 33914 806 271 89 89 CD 33914 806 272 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 273 _ _ NNP 33914 806 274 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 806 275 cardinalis_| cardinalis_| NNP 33914 806 276 75 75 CD 33914 806 277 | | CD 33914 806 278 80 80 CD 33914 806 279 | | CD 33914 806 280 91 91 CD 33914 806 281 | | CD 33914 806 282 100 100 CD 33914 806 283 | | CD 33914 806 284 98 98 CD 33914 806 285 | | CD 33914 806 286 65 65 CD 33914 806 287 | | CD 33914 806 288 88 88 CD 33914 806 289 | | CD 33914 806 290 91 91 CD 33914 806 291 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- : 33914 806 292 _ _ NNP 33914 806 293 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 806 294 americana americana VBZ 33914 806 295 _ _ NNP 33914 806 296 | | NNP 33914 806 297 65 65 CD 33914 806 298 | | CD 33914 806 299 68 68 CD 33914 806 300 | | CD 33914 806 301 ... ... : 33914 806 302 | | CD 33914 806 303 71 71 CD 33914 806 304 | | CD 33914 806 305 100 100 CD 33914 806 306 | | CD 33914 806 307 64 64 CD 33914 806 308 | | CD 33914 806 309 67 67 CD 33914 806 310 | | CD 33914 806 311 80 80 CD 33914 806 312 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- . 33914 806 313 _ _ NNP 33914 806 314 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 806 315 purpureus purpureus NN 33914 806 316 _ _ NNP 33914 806 317 | | NNP 33914 806 318 70 70 CD 33914 806 319 | | CD 33914 806 320 71 71 CD 33914 806 321 | | CD 33914 806 322 71 71 CD 33914 806 323 | | CD 33914 806 324 61 61 CD 33914 806 325 | | CD 33914 806 326 89 89 CD 33914 806 327 | | CD 33914 806 328 93 93 CD 33914 806 329 | | CD 33914 806 330 53 53 CD 33914 806 331 | | CD 33914 806 332 70 70 CD 33914 806 333 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- . 33914 806 334 _ _ NNP 33914 806 335 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 806 336 tristis tristis NN 33914 806 337 _ _ NNP 33914 806 338 | | NNP 33914 806 339 72 72 CD 33914 806 340 | | CD 33914 806 341 74 74 CD 33914 806 342 | | CD 33914 806 343 73 73 CD 33914 806 344 | | CD 33914 806 345 60 60 CD 33914 806 346 | | CD 33914 806 347 89 89 CD 33914 806 348 | | CD 33914 806 349 100 100 CD 33914 806 350 | | CD 33914 806 351 60 60 CD 33914 806 352 | | NNS 33914 806 353 ... ... NFP 33914 806 354 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 355 _ _ NNP 33914 806 356 Junco Junco NNP 33914 806 357 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 806 358 _ _ NNP 33914 806 359 | | NNP 33914 806 360 64 64 CD 33914 806 361 | | CD 33914 806 362 56 56 CD 33914 806 363 | | CD 33914 806 364 74 74 CD 33914 806 365 | | CD 33914 806 366 65 65 CD 33914 806 367 | | CD 33914 806 368 87 87 CD 33914 806 369 | | CD 33914 806 370 68 68 CD 33914 806 371 | | CD 33914 806 372 100 100 CD 33914 806 373 | | NNS 33914 806 374 ... ... NFP 33914 806 375 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- NFP 33914 806 376 _ _ NNP 33914 806 377 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 806 378 querula querula NN 33914 806 379 _ _ NNP 33914 806 380 | | NNP 33914 806 381 65 65 CD 33914 806 382 | | CD 33914 806 383 71 71 CD 33914 806 384 | | CD 33914 806 385 ... ... : 33914 806 386 | | CD 33914 806 387 67 67 CD 33914 806 388 | | CD 33914 806 389 89 89 CD 33914 806 390 | | CD 33914 806 391 75 75 CD 33914 806 392 | | CD 33914 806 393 ... ... SYM 33914 806 394 | | CD 33914 806 395 100 100 CD 33914 806 396 ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- ------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---- . 33914 806 397 Antigens Antigens NNPS 33914 806 398 were be VBD 33914 806 399 diluted dilute VBN 33914 806 400 with with IN 33914 806 401 0.9 0.9 CD 33914 806 402 per per IN 33914 806 403 cent cent NN 33914 806 404 phosphate phosphate NN 33914 806 405 - - HYPH 33914 806 406 buffered buffer VBN 33914 806 407 saline saline NN 33914 806 408 solution solution NN 33914 806 409 . . . 33914 807 1 Tests test NNS 33914 807 2 were be VBD 33914 807 3 run run VBN 33914 807 4 in in IN 33914 807 5 standard standard JJ 33914 807 6 Kolmer Kolmer NNP 33914 807 7 test test NN 33914 807 8 - - HYPH 33914 807 9 tube tube NN 33914 807 10 racks rack NNS 33914 807 11 , , , 33914 807 12 each each DT 33914 807 13 test test NN 33914 807 14 consisting consist VBG 33914 807 15 of of IN 33914 807 16 12 12 CD 33914 807 17 tubes tube NNS 33914 807 18 . . . 33914 808 1 Each each DT 33914 808 2 dilution dilution NN 33914 808 3 was be VBD 33914 808 4 made make VBN 33914 808 5 on on IN 33914 808 6 the the DT 33914 808 7 basis basis NN 33914 808 8 of of IN 33914 808 9 the the DT 33914 808 10 known know VBN 33914 808 11 protein protein NN 33914 808 12 concentration concentration NN 33914 808 13 of of IN 33914 808 14 the the DT 33914 808 15 antigen antigen NN 33914 808 16 . . . 33914 809 1 The the DT 33914 809 2 first first JJ 33914 809 3 tube tube NN 33914 809 4 contained contain VBD 33914 809 5 an an DT 33914 809 6 initial initial JJ 33914 809 7 dilution dilution NN 33914 809 8 of of IN 33914 809 9 1 1 CD 33914 809 10 part part NN 33914 809 11 protein protein NN 33914 809 12 in in IN 33914 809 13 250 250 CD 33914 809 14 parts part NNS 33914 809 15 saline saline VBP 33914 809 16 and and CC 33914 809 17 each each DT 33914 809 18 successive successive JJ 33914 809 19 tube tube NN 33914 809 20 contained contain VBD 33914 809 21 a a DT 33914 809 22 protein protein NN 33914 809 23 dilution dilution NN 33914 809 24 one one CD 33914 809 25 - - HYPH 33914 809 26 half half NN 33914 809 27 the the DT 33914 809 28 concentration concentration NN 33914 809 29 of of IN 33914 809 30 the the DT 33914 809 31 preceding precede VBG 33914 809 32 tube tube NN 33914 809 33 , , , 33914 809 34 ranging range VBG 33914 809 35 up up IN 33914 809 36 to to IN 33914 809 37 1:512,000 1:512,000 CD 33914 809 38 . . . 33914 810 1 Saline saline JJ 33914 810 2 controls control NNS 33914 810 3 , , , 33914 810 4 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 810 5 controls control NNS 33914 810 6 , , , 33914 810 7 and and CC 33914 810 8 antigen antigen NNP 33914 810 9 controls control NNS 33914 810 10 were be VBD 33914 810 11 maintained maintain VBN 33914 810 12 with with IN 33914 810 13 each each DT 33914 810 14 test test NN 33914 810 15 to to TO 33914 810 16 determine determine VB 33914 810 17 the the DT 33914 810 18 turbidities turbidity NNS 33914 810 19 inherent inherent JJ 33914 810 20 in in IN 33914 810 21 these these DT 33914 810 22 solutions solution NNS 33914 810 23 . . . 33914 811 1 These these DT 33914 811 2 control control NN 33914 811 3 - - HYPH 33914 811 4 turbidities turbidity NNS 33914 811 5 were be VBD 33914 811 6 deducted deduct VBN 33914 811 7 from from IN 33914 811 8 the the DT 33914 811 9 total total JJ 33914 811 10 turbidity turbidity NN 33914 811 11 developed develop VBN 33914 811 12 in in IN 33914 811 13 each each DT 33914 811 14 reaction reaction NN 33914 811 15 - - HYPH 33914 811 16 tube tube NN 33914 811 17 , , , 33914 811 18 the the DT 33914 811 19 resultant resultant JJ 33914 811 20 turbidity turbidity NN 33914 811 21 then then RB 33914 811 22 being be VBG 33914 811 23 considered consider VBN 33914 811 24 as as IN 33914 811 25 that that DT 33914 811 26 which which WDT 33914 811 27 was be VBD 33914 811 28 caused cause VBN 33914 811 29 by by IN 33914 811 30 the the DT 33914 811 31 interaction interaction NN 33914 811 32 of of IN 33914 811 33 antigens antigen NNS 33914 811 34 and and CC 33914 811 35 antibodies antibody NNS 33914 811 36 . . . 33914 812 1 The the DT 33914 812 2 turbidities turbidity NNS 33914 812 3 were be VBD 33914 812 4 allowed allow VBN 33914 812 5 to to TO 33914 812 6 develop develop VB 33914 812 7 over over IN 33914 812 8 a a DT 33914 812 9 24-hour 24-hour CD 33914 812 10 period period NN 33914 812 11 . . . 33914 813 1 In in IN 33914 813 2 the the DT 33914 813 3 early early JJ 33914 813 4 stages stage NNS 33914 813 5 of of IN 33914 813 6 this this DT 33914 813 7 investigation investigation NN 33914 813 8 the the DT 33914 813 9 reactions reaction NNS 33914 813 10 were be VBD 33914 813 11 allowed allow VBN 33914 813 12 to to TO 33914 813 13 take take VB 33914 813 14 place place NN 33914 813 15 at at IN 33914 813 16 2 2 NNP 33914 813 17 ° ° NNS 33914 813 18 C C NNP 33914 813 19 . . . 33914 814 1 in in IN 33914 814 2 order order NN 33914 814 3 to to TO 33914 814 4 inhibit inhibit VB 33914 814 5 bacterial bacterial JJ 33914 814 6 growth growth NN 33914 814 7 . . . 33914 815 1 Later later JJ 33914 815 2 tests test NNS 33914 815 3 were be VBD 33914 815 4 carried carry VBN 33914 815 5 out out RP 33914 815 6 at at IN 33914 815 7 room room NN 33914 815 8 temperatures temperature NNS 33914 815 9 , , , 33914 815 10 and and CC 33914 815 11 bacterial bacterial JJ 33914 815 12 growth growth NN 33914 815 13 was be VBD 33914 815 14 prevented prevent VBN 33914 815 15 by by IN 33914 815 16 the the DT 33914 815 17 addition addition NN 33914 815 18 to to IN 33914 815 19 each each DT 33914 815 20 tube tube NN 33914 815 21 of of IN 33914 815 22 ' ' `` 33914 815 23 Merthiolate Merthiolate NNP 33914 815 24 ' ' '' 33914 815 25 in in IN 33914 815 26 a a DT 33914 815 27 final final JJ 33914 815 28 dilution dilution NN 33914 815 29 of of IN 33914 815 30 1:10,000 1:10,000 CD 33914 815 31 . . . 33914 816 1 Experimental Experimental NNP 33914 816 2 Data Data NNP 33914 816 3 Corrected correct VBN 33914 816 4 values value NNS 33914 816 5 for for IN 33914 816 6 the the DT 33914 816 7 turbidities turbidity NNS 33914 816 8 obtained obtain VBN 33914 816 9 were be VBD 33914 816 10 plotted plot VBN 33914 816 11 with with IN 33914 816 12 the the DT 33914 816 13 turbidity turbidity NN 33914 816 14 values value NNS 33914 816 15 on on IN 33914 816 16 the the DT 33914 816 17 ordinate ordinate NN 33914 816 18 and and CC 33914 816 19 the the DT 33914 816 20 antigen antigen NN 33914 816 21 dilutions dilution NNS 33914 816 22 on on IN 33914 816 23 the the DT 33914 816 24 abscissa abscissa NN 33914 816 25 . . . 33914 817 1 The the DT 33914 817 2 homologous homologous JJ 33914 817 3 reaction reaction NN 33914 817 4 was be VBD 33914 817 5 the the DT 33914 817 6 standard standard NN 33914 817 7 of of IN 33914 817 8 reference reference NN 33914 817 9 for for IN 33914 817 10 all all DT 33914 817 11 other other JJ 33914 817 12 test test NN 33914 817 13 reactions reaction NNS 33914 817 14 with with IN 33914 817 15 the the DT 33914 817 16 same same JJ 33914 817 17 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 817 18 . . . 33914 818 1 By by IN 33914 818 2 summing sum VBG 33914 818 3 the the DT 33914 818 4 plotted plot VBN 33914 818 5 turbidity turbidity NN 33914 818 6 readings reading NNS 33914 818 7 , , , 33914 818 8 numerical numerical JJ 33914 818 9 values value NNS 33914 818 10 are be VBP 33914 818 11 obtained obtain VBN 33914 818 12 which which WDT 33914 818 13 are be VBP 33914 818 14 indices index NNS 33914 818 15 serving serve VBG 33914 818 16 to to TO 33914 818 17 characterize characterize VB 33914 818 18 the the DT 33914 818 19 curves curve NNS 33914 818 20 . . . 33914 819 1 Such such JJ 33914 819 2 values value NNS 33914 819 3 were be VBD 33914 819 4 converted convert VBN 33914 819 5 to to IN 33914 819 6 percentage percentage NN 33914 819 7 values value NNS 33914 819 8 , , , 33914 819 9 that that DT 33914 819 10 of of IN 33914 819 11 the the DT 33914 819 12 homologous homologous JJ 33914 819 13 reaction reaction NN 33914 819 14 being be VBG 33914 819 15 considered consider VBN 33914 819 16 100 100 CD 33914 819 17 per per IN 33914 819 18 cent cent NN 33914 819 19 . . . 33914 820 1 These these DT 33914 820 2 values value NNS 33914 820 3 , , , 33914 820 4 plus plus CC 33914 820 5 the the DT 33914 820 6 curves curve NNS 33914 820 7 , , , 33914 820 8 provide provide VB 33914 820 9 the the DT 33914 820 10 data datum NNS 33914 820 11 by by IN 33914 820 12 means mean NNS 33914 820 13 of of IN 33914 820 14 which which WDT 33914 820 15 the the DT 33914 820 16 proteins protein NNS 33914 820 17 of of IN 33914 820 18 the the DT 33914 820 19 birds bird NNS 33914 820 20 may may MD 33914 820 21 be be VB 33914 820 22 compared compare VBN 33914 820 23 . . . 33914 821 1 Plots plot NNS 33914 821 2 representative representative JJ 33914 821 3 of of IN 33914 821 4 the the DT 33914 821 5 precipitin precipitin NNP 33914 821 6 curves curve NNS 33914 821 7 are be VBP 33914 821 8 presented present VBN 33914 821 9 in in IN 33914 821 10 Figs Figs NNP 33914 821 11 . . . 33914 822 1 10 10 CD 33914 822 2 to to TO 33914 822 3 21 21 CD 33914 822 4 . . . 33914 823 1 For for IN 33914 823 2 convenience convenience NN 33914 823 3 each each DT 33914 823 4 plot plot NN 33914 823 5 represents represent VBZ 33914 823 6 only only RB 33914 823 7 several several JJ 33914 823 8 of of IN 33914 823 9 the the DT 33914 823 10 10 10 CD 33914 823 11 curves curve NNS 33914 823 12 obtained obtain VBN 33914 823 13 with with IN 33914 823 14 each each DT 33914 823 15 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 823 16 . . . 33914 824 1 A a DT 33914 824 2 summary summary NN 33914 824 3 of of IN 33914 824 4 the the DT 33914 824 5 serological serological JJ 33914 824 6 relationships relationship NNS 33914 824 7 of of IN 33914 824 8 the the DT 33914 824 9 birds bird NNS 33914 824 10 involved involve VBN 33914 824 11 in in IN 33914 824 12 the the DT 33914 824 13 precipitin precipitin NNP 33914 824 14 tests test NNS 33914 824 15 is be VBZ 33914 824 16 presented present VBN 33914 824 17 in in IN 33914 824 18 Table Table NNP 33914 824 19 2 2 CD 33914 824 20 , , , 33914 824 21 in in IN 33914 824 22 which which WDT 33914 824 23 percentage percentage NN 33914 824 24 values value NNS 33914 824 25 are be VBP 33914 824 26 presented present VBN 33914 824 27 . . . 33914 825 1 Since since IN 33914 825 2 the the DT 33914 825 3 techniques technique NNS 33914 825 4 involved involve VBN 33914 825 5 in in IN 33914 825 6 testing testing NN 33914 825 7 were be VBD 33914 825 8 greatly greatly RB 33914 825 9 improved improve VBN 33914 825 10 as as IN 33914 825 11 the the DT 33914 825 12 investigation investigation NN 33914 825 13 proceeded proceed VBD 33914 825 14 , , , 33914 825 15 the the DT 33914 825 16 summary summary NN 33914 825 17 is be VBZ 33914 825 18 based base VBN 33914 825 19 solely solely RB 33914 825 20 on on IN 33914 825 21 those those DT 33914 825 22 tests test NNS 33914 825 23 run run VB 33914 825 24 in in IN 33914 825 25 the the DT 33914 825 26 later later JJ 33914 825 27 stages stage NNS 33914 825 28 of of IN 33914 825 29 the the DT 33914 825 30 investigation investigation NN 33914 825 31 . . . 33914 826 1 For for IN 33914 826 2 reasons reason NNS 33914 826 3 which which WDT 33914 826 4 will will MD 33914 826 5 become become VB 33914 826 6 apparent apparent JJ 33914 826 7 in in IN 33914 826 8 later later JJ 33914 826 9 discussion discussion NN 33914 826 10 , , , 33914 826 11 it -PRON- PRP 33914 826 12 should should MD 33914 826 13 be be VB 33914 826 14 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 826 15 that that IN 33914 826 16 in in IN 33914 826 17 Table table NN 33914 826 18 2 2 CD 33914 826 19 comparisons comparison NNS 33914 826 20 may may MD 33914 826 21 be be VB 33914 826 22 made make VBN 33914 826 23 only only RB 33914 826 24 within within IN 33914 826 25 each each DT 33914 826 26 horizontal horizontal JJ 33914 826 27 row row NN 33914 826 28 of of IN 33914 826 29 values value NNS 33914 826 30 . . . 33914 827 1 Discussion discussion NN 33914 827 2 of of IN 33914 827 3 the the DT 33914 827 4 Serological Serological NNP 33914 827 5 Investigations Investigations NNPS 33914 827 6 One one CD 33914 827 7 of of IN 33914 827 8 the the DT 33914 827 9 problems problem NNS 33914 827 10 met meet VBD 33914 827 11 early early RB 33914 827 12 in in IN 33914 827 13 this this DT 33914 827 14 investigation investigation NN 33914 827 15 was be VBD 33914 827 16 instability instability NN 33914 827 17 of of IN 33914 827 18 the the DT 33914 827 19 proteins protein NNS 33914 827 20 in in IN 33914 827 21 the the DT 33914 827 22 extracts extract NNS 33914 827 23 that that WDT 33914 827 24 were be VBD 33914 827 25 prepared prepare VBN 33914 827 26 . . . 33914 828 1 Extracts extract NNS 33914 828 2 in in IN 33914 828 3 which which WDT 33914 828 4 no no DT 33914 828 5 attempt attempt NN 33914 828 6 was be VBD 33914 828 7 made make VBN 33914 828 8 to to TO 33914 828 9 inactivate inactivate VB 33914 828 10 the the DT 33914 828 11 enzymes enzyme NNS 33914 828 12 present present JJ 33914 828 13 proved prove VBN 33914 828 14 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 33914 828 15 . . . 33914 829 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 829 2 was be VBD 33914 829 3 necessary necessary JJ 33914 829 4 to to TO 33914 829 5 maintain maintain VB 33914 829 6 the the DT 33914 829 7 temperature temperature NN 33914 829 8 of of IN 33914 829 9 the the DT 33914 829 10 " " `` 33914 829 11 native native JJ 33914 829 12 " " '' 33914 829 13 antigens antigen VBZ 33914 829 14 at at IN 33914 829 15 2 2â CD 33914 829 16 ° ° , 33914 829 17 C C NNP 33914 829 18 , , , 33914 829 19 and and CC 33914 829 20 all all DT 33914 829 21 work work VBP 33914 829 22 with with IN 33914 829 23 such such JJ 33914 829 24 antigens antigen NNS 33914 829 25 had have VBD 33914 829 26 to to TO 33914 829 27 be be VB 33914 829 28 performed perform VBN 33914 829 29 at at IN 33914 829 30 this this DT 33914 829 31 temperature temperature NN 33914 829 32 . . . 33914 830 1 This this DT 33914 830 2 arrangement arrangement NN 33914 830 3 was be VBD 33914 830 4 inconvenient inconvenient JJ 33914 830 5 ; ; : 33914 830 6 furthermore furthermore RB 33914 830 7 , , , 33914 830 8 inactivation inactivation NN 33914 830 9 of of IN 33914 830 10 the the DT 33914 830 11 enzymes enzyme NNS 33914 830 12 was be VBD 33914 830 13 not not RB 33914 830 14 complete complete JJ 33914 830 15 even even RB 33914 830 16 at at IN 33914 830 17 this this DT 33914 830 18 low low JJ 33914 830 19 temperature temperature NN 33914 830 20 , , , 33914 830 21 and and CC 33914 830 22 some some DT 33914 830 23 denaturation denaturation NN 33914 830 24 of of IN 33914 830 25 the the DT 33914 830 26 proteins protein NNS 33914 830 27 took take VBD 33914 830 28 place place NN 33914 830 29 as as IN 33914 830 30 evidenced evidence VBN 33914 830 31 by by IN 33914 830 32 the the DT 33914 830 33 gradual gradual JJ 33914 830 34 appearance appearance NN 33914 830 35 of of IN 33914 830 36 insoluble insoluble JJ 33914 830 37 precipitates precipitate NNS 33914 830 38 in in IN 33914 830 39 the the DT 33914 830 40 stored stored JJ 33914 830 41 vials vial NNS 33914 830 42 . . . 33914 831 1 The the DT 33914 831 2 preservatives preservative NNS 33914 831 3 , , , 33914 831 4 ' ' `` 33914 831 5 Merthiolate Merthiolate NNP 33914 831 6 ' ' '' 33914 831 7 and and CC 33914 831 8 formalin formalin NN 33914 831 9 , , , 33914 831 10 were be VBD 33914 831 11 used use VBN 33914 831 12 in in IN 33914 831 13 an an DT 33914 831 14 attempt attempt NN 33914 831 15 to to TO 33914 831 16 inhibit inhibit VB 33914 831 17 the the DT 33914 831 18 autolytic autolytic JJ 33914 831 19 action action NN 33914 831 20 of of IN 33914 831 21 the the DT 33914 831 22 enzymes enzyme NNS 33914 831 23 present present JJ 33914 831 24 . . . 33914 832 1 Formalin Formalin NNP 33914 832 2 , , , 33914 832 3 when when WRB 33914 832 4 added add VBN 33914 832 5 to to TO 33914 832 6 make make VB 33914 832 7 a a DT 33914 832 8 final final JJ 33914 832 9 dilution dilution NN 33914 832 10 of of IN 33914 832 11 0.4 0.4 CD 33914 832 12 per per NN 33914 832 13 cent cent NN 33914 832 14 , , , 33914 832 15 proved prove VBD 33914 832 16 to to TO 33914 832 17 be be VB 33914 832 18 the the DT 33914 832 19 more more RBR 33914 832 20 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 33914 832 21 of of IN 33914 832 22 the the DT 33914 832 23 two two CD 33914 832 24 preservatives preservative NNS 33914 832 25 and and CC 33914 832 26 was be VBD 33914 832 27 used use VBN 33914 832 28 throughout throughout IN 33914 832 29 most most JJS 33914 832 30 of of IN 33914 832 31 the the DT 33914 832 32 work work NN 33914 832 33 . . . 33914 833 1 Formalin Formalin NNP 33914 833 2 caused cause VBD 33914 833 3 slight slight JJ 33914 833 4 denaturation denaturation NN 33914 833 5 of of IN 33914 833 6 some some DT 33914 833 7 of of IN 33914 833 8 the the DT 33914 833 9 proteins protein NNS 33914 833 10 , , , 33914 833 11 but but CC 33914 833 12 this this DT 33914 833 13 effect effect NN 33914 833 14 was be VBD 33914 833 15 complete complete JJ 33914 833 16 within within IN 33914 833 17 a a DT 33914 833 18 few few JJ 33914 833 19 hours hour NNS 33914 833 20 , , , 33914 833 21 after after IN 33914 833 22 which which WDT 33914 833 23 any any DT 33914 833 24 denatured denature VBN 33914 833 25 material material NN 33914 833 26 was be VBD 33914 833 27 removed remove VBN 33914 833 28 by by IN 33914 833 29 filtration filtration NN 33914 833 30 or or CC 33914 833 31 centrifugation centrifugation NN 33914 833 32 . . . 33914 834 1 The the DT 33914 834 2 proteins protein NNS 33914 834 3 remaining remain VBG 33914 834 4 in in IN 33914 834 5 solution solution NN 33914 834 6 were be VBD 33914 834 7 stable stable JJ 33914 834 8 over over IN 33914 834 9 the the DT 33914 834 10 period period NN 33914 834 11 necessary necessary JJ 33914 834 12 to to TO 33914 834 13 complete complete VB 33914 834 14 the the DT 33914 834 15 investigations investigation NNS 33914 834 16 . . . 33914 835 1 The the DT 33914 835 2 addition addition NN 33914 835 3 of of IN 33914 835 4 formalin formalin NN 33914 835 5 reduces reduce VBZ 33914 835 6 the the DT 33914 835 7 reactivity reactivity NN 33914 835 8 of of IN 33914 835 9 the the DT 33914 835 10 extracts extract NNS 33914 835 11 when when WRB 33914 835 12 they -PRON- PRP 33914 835 13 are be VBP 33914 835 14 tested test VBN 33914 835 15 with with IN 33914 835 16 antisera antisera NNP 33914 835 17 prepared prepare VBN 33914 835 18 against against IN 33914 835 19 " " `` 33914 835 20 native native JJ 33914 835 21 " " '' 33914 835 22 antigens antigen NNS 33914 835 23 and and CC 33914 835 24 causes cause VBZ 33914 835 25 changes change NNS 33914 835 26 in in IN 33914 835 27 the the DT 33914 835 28 nature nature NN 33914 835 29 of of IN 33914 835 30 the the DT 33914 835 31 precipitin precipitin NNP 33914 835 32 curves curve NNS 33914 835 33 . . . 33914 836 1 This this DT 33914 836 2 effect effect NN 33914 836 3 has have VBZ 33914 836 4 been be VBN 33914 836 5 pointed point VBN 33914 836 6 out out RP 33914 836 7 by by IN 33914 836 8 Horsfall Horsfall NNP 33914 836 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 836 10 1934 1934 CD 33914 836 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 836 12 and and CC 33914 836 13 by by IN 33914 836 14 Leone Leone NNP 33914 836 15 ( ( -LRB- 33914 836 16 1953 1953 CD 33914 836 17 ) ) -RRB- 33914 836 18 in in IN 33914 836 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 836 20 work work NN 33914 836 21 on on IN 33914 836 22 the the DT 33914 836 23 effects effect NNS 33914 836 24 of of IN 33914 836 25 formaldehyde formaldehyde NN 33914 836 26 on on IN 33914 836 27 serum serum NNP 33914 836 28 proteins protein NNS 33914 836 29 . . . 33914 837 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 837 2 data datum NNS 33914 837 3 indicate indicate VBP 33914 837 4 , , , 33914 837 5 however however RB 33914 837 6 , , , 33914 837 7 that that IN 33914 837 8 even even RB 33914 837 9 though though IN 33914 837 10 changes change NNS 33914 837 11 in in IN 33914 837 12 the the DT 33914 837 13 immunological immunological JJ 33914 837 14 characteristics characteristic NNS 33914 837 15 of of IN 33914 837 16 proteins protein NNS 33914 837 17 are be VBP 33914 837 18 brought bring VBN 33914 837 19 about about RP 33914 837 20 by by IN 33914 837 21 formolization formolization NN 33914 837 22 , , , 33914 837 23 the the DT 33914 837 24 proteins protein NNS 33914 837 25 retain retain VBP 33914 837 26 enough enough RB 33914 837 27 of of IN 33914 837 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 837 29 specific specific JJ 33914 837 30 chemical chemical JJ 33914 837 31 characteristics characteristic NNS 33914 837 32 to to TO 33914 837 33 allow allow VB 33914 837 34 consistent consistent JJ 33914 837 35 differentiation differentiation NN 33914 837 36 of of IN 33914 837 37 species specie NNS 33914 837 38 by by IN 33914 837 39 immunological immunological JJ 33914 837 40 methods method NNS 33914 837 41 . . . 33914 838 1 In in IN 33914 838 2 the the DT 33914 838 3 tests test NNS 33914 838 4 which which WDT 33914 838 5 I -PRON- PRP 33914 838 6 performed perform VBD 33914 838 7 , , , 33914 838 8 the the DT 33914 838 9 relative relative JJ 33914 838 10 positions position NNS 33914 838 11 of of IN 33914 838 12 the the DT 33914 838 13 precipitin precipitin NNP 33914 838 14 curves curve NNS 33914 838 15 , , , 33914 838 16 whether whether IN 33914 838 17 native native JJ 33914 838 18 or or CC 33914 838 19 formolized formolized JJ 33914 838 20 extracts extract NNS 33914 838 21 were be VBD 33914 838 22 involved involve VBN 33914 838 23 , , , 33914 838 24 remained remain VBD 33914 838 25 unchanged unchanged JJ 33914 838 26 ( ( -LRB- 33914 838 27 Figs fig NNS 33914 838 28 . . . 33914 839 1 10 10 CD 33914 839 2 , , , 33914 839 3 11 11 CD 33914 839 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 839 5 . . . 33914 840 1 _ _ NNP 33914 840 2 All all DT 33914 840 3 data datum NNS 33914 840 4 used use VBN 33914 840 5 in in IN 33914 840 6 interpretation interpretation NN 33914 840 7 of of IN 33914 840 8 the the DT 33914 840 9 serological serological JJ 33914 840 10 relationships relationship NNS 33914 840 11 were be VBD 33914 840 12 obtained obtain VBN 33914 840 13 from from IN 33914 840 14 tests test NNS 33914 840 15 in in IN 33914 840 16 which which WDT 33914 840 17 formolized formolize VBD 33914 840 18 antigens antigen NNS 33914 840 19 of of IN 33914 840 20 equivalent equivalent JJ 33914 840 21 age age NN 33914 840 22 were be VBD 33914 840 23 used use VBN 33914 840 24 . . . 33914 840 25 _ _ NNP 33914 840 26 Only only RB 33914 840 27 three three CD 33914 840 28 antisera antisera NN 33914 840 29 were be VBD 33914 840 30 produced produce VBN 33914 840 31 against against IN 33914 840 32 formolized formolized JJ 33914 840 33 antigens antigen NNS 33914 840 34 , , , 33914 840 35 all all DT 33914 840 36 others other NNS 33914 840 37 being be VBG 33914 840 38 produced produce VBN 33914 840 39 against against IN 33914 840 40 " " `` 33914 840 41 native native JJ 33914 840 42 " " '' 33914 840 43 extracts extract NNS 33914 840 44 . . . 33914 841 1 The the DT 33914 841 2 formolized formolized JJ 33914 841 3 antigens antigen NNS 33914 841 4 seemed seem VBD 33914 841 5 to to TO 33914 841 6 have have VB 33914 841 7 a a DT 33914 841 8 greater great JJR 33914 841 9 antigenicity antigenicity NN 33914 841 10 , , , 33914 841 11 in in IN 33914 841 12 most most JJS 33914 841 13 instances instance NNS 33914 841 14 , , , 33914 841 15 than than IN 33914 841 16 did do VBD 33914 841 17 those those DT 33914 841 18 which which WDT 33914 841 19 were be VBD 33914 841 20 unformolized unformolize VBN 33914 841 21 , , , 33914 841 22 and and CC 33914 841 23 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 841 24 reactions reaction NNS 33914 841 25 involving involve VBG 33914 841 26 antisera antisera NNP 33914 841 27 produced produce VBN 33914 841 28 against against IN 33914 841 29 formolized formolized JJ 33914 841 30 antigens antigen NNS 33914 841 31 developed develop VBN 33914 841 32 higher high JJR 33914 841 33 turbidities turbidity NNS 33914 841 34 . . . 33914 842 1 The the DT 33914 842 2 antisera antisera NN 33914 842 3 produced produce VBD 33914 842 4 against against IN 33914 842 5 formolized formolized JJ 33914 842 6 antigens antigen NNS 33914 842 7 were be VBD 33914 842 8 equal equal JJ 33914 842 9 to to IN 33914 842 10 but but CC 33914 842 11 no no RB 33914 842 12 better well JJR 33914 842 13 than than IN 33914 842 14 those those DT 33914 842 15 prepared prepare VBN 33914 842 16 against against IN 33914 842 17 " " `` 33914 842 18 native native JJ 33914 842 19 " " '' 33914 842 20 extracts extract NNS 33914 842 21 in in IN 33914 842 22 separating separate VBG 33914 842 23 the the DT 33914 842 24 birds bird NNS 33914 842 25 tested test VBN 33914 842 26 ( ( -LRB- 33914 842 27 Figs fig NNS 33914 842 28 . . . 33914 843 1 12 12 CD 33914 843 2 , , , 33914 843 3 13 13 CD 33914 843 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 843 5 . . . 33914 844 1 The the DT 33914 844 2 rabbit rabbit NN 33914 844 3 is be VBZ 33914 844 4 a a DT 33914 844 5 variable variable NN 33914 844 6 to to TO 33914 844 7 be be VB 33914 844 8 considered consider VBN 33914 844 9 in in IN 33914 844 10 serological serological JJ 33914 844 11 tests test NNS 33914 844 12 . . . 33914 845 1 Two two CD 33914 845 2 rabbits rabbit NNS 33914 845 3 exposed expose VBN 33914 845 4 to to IN 33914 845 5 the the DT 33914 845 6 same same JJ 33914 845 7 antigen antigen NN 33914 845 8 , , , 33914 845 9 under under IN 33914 845 10 the the DT 33914 845 11 same same JJ 33914 845 12 conditions condition NNS 33914 845 13 , , , 33914 845 14 may may MD 33914 845 15 produce produce VB 33914 845 16 antisera antisera NN 33914 845 17 which which WDT 33914 845 18 differ differ VBP 33914 845 19 greatly greatly RB 33914 845 20 in in IN 33914 845 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 845 22 capacities capacity NNS 33914 845 23 to to TO 33914 845 24 distinguish distinguish VB 33914 845 25 different different JJ 33914 845 26 antigens antigen NNS 33914 845 27 . . . 33914 846 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 846 2 is be VBZ 33914 846 3 logical logical JJ 33914 846 4 to to TO 33914 846 5 assume assume VB 33914 846 6 , , , 33914 846 7 therefore therefore RB 33914 846 8 , , , 33914 846 9 that that IN 33914 846 10 two two CD 33914 846 11 rabbits rabbit NNS 33914 846 12 exposed expose VBN 33914 846 13 to to IN 33914 846 14 different different JJ 33914 846 15 antigens antigen NNS 33914 846 16 may may MD 33914 846 17 produce produce VB 33914 846 18 antisera antisera NN 33914 846 19 which which WDT 33914 846 20 also also RB 33914 846 21 differ differ VBP 33914 846 22 in in IN 33914 846 23 this this DT 33914 846 24 respect respect NN 33914 846 25 . . . 33914 847 1 This this DT 33914 847 2 explains explain VBZ 33914 847 3 the the DT 33914 847 4 unequal unequal JJ 33914 847 5 values value NNS 33914 847 6 of of IN 33914 847 7 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 33914 847 8 tests test NNS 33914 847 9 shown show VBN 33914 847 10 in in IN 33914 847 11 Table Table NNP 33914 847 12 2 2 CD 33914 847 13 . . . 33914 848 1 Thus thus RB 33914 848 2 , , , 33914 848 3 in in IN 33914 848 4 the the DT 33914 848 5 test test NN 33914 848 6 involving involve VBG 33914 848 7 the the DT 33914 848 8 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 848 9 to to IN 33914 848 10 the the DT 33914 848 11 extracts extract NNS 33914 848 12 of of IN 33914 848 13 _ _ NNP 33914 848 14 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 848 15 _ _ NNP 33914 848 16 , , , 33914 848 17 a a DT 33914 848 18 value value NN 33914 848 19 of of IN 33914 848 20 71 71 CD 33914 848 21 per per NN 33914 848 22 cent cent NN 33914 848 23 was be VBD 33914 848 24 obtained obtain VBN 33914 848 25 for for IN 33914 848 26 _ _ NNP 33914 848 27 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 848 28 _ _ NNP 33914 848 29 antigen antigen NNP 33914 848 30 , , , 33914 848 31 whereas whereas IN 33914 848 32 in in IN 33914 848 33 the the DT 33914 848 34 test test NN 33914 848 35 involving involve VBG 33914 848 36 anti-_Spiza anti-_Spiza NNP 33914 848 37 _ _ NNP 33914 848 38 serum serum NN 33914 848 39 , , , 33914 848 40 a a DT 33914 848 41 value value NN 33914 848 42 of of IN 33914 848 43 98 98 CD 33914 848 44 per per NN 33914 848 45 cent cent NN 33914 848 46 was be VBD 33914 848 47 obtained obtain VBN 33914 848 48 for for IN 33914 848 49 _ _ NNP 33914 848 50 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 848 51 _ _ NNP 33914 848 52 antigen antigen NNP 33914 848 53 . . . 33914 849 1 In in IN 33914 849 2 Table table NN 33914 849 3 2 2 CD 33914 849 4 , , , 33914 849 5 therefore therefore RB 33914 849 6 , , , 33914 849 7 comparisons comparison NNS 33914 849 8 may may MD 33914 849 9 be be VB 33914 849 10 made make VBN 33914 849 11 only only RB 33914 849 12 among among IN 33914 849 13 values value NNS 33914 849 14 for for IN 33914 849 15 the the DT 33914 849 16 proteins protein NNS 33914 849 17 of of IN 33914 849 18 birds bird NNS 33914 849 19 tested test VBN 33914 849 20 with with IN 33914 849 21 the the DT 33914 849 22 same same JJ 33914 849 23 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 849 24 . . . 33914 850 1 Since since IN 33914 850 2 the the DT 33914 850 3 amount amount NN 33914 850 4 of of IN 33914 850 5 any any DT 33914 850 6 one one CD 33914 850 7 antiserum antiserum NN 33914 850 8 is be VBZ 33914 850 9 limited limited JJ 33914 850 10 , , , 33914 850 11 there there EX 33914 850 12 is be VBZ 33914 850 13 , , , 33914 850 14 of of IN 33914 850 15 necessity necessity NN 33914 850 16 , , , 33914 850 17 a a DT 33914 850 18 limit limit NN 33914 850 19 as as IN 33914 850 20 to to IN 33914 850 21 the the DT 33914 850 22 number number NN 33914 850 23 of of IN 33914 850 24 birds bird NNS 33914 850 25 used use VBN 33914 850 26 in in IN 33914 850 27 a a DT 33914 850 28 series series NN 33914 850 29 of of IN 33914 850 30 serological serological JJ 33914 850 31 tests test NNS 33914 850 32 . . . 33914 851 1 Therefore therefore RB 33914 851 2 , , , 33914 851 3 although although IN 33914 851 4 the the DT 33914 851 5 results result NNS 33914 851 6 reveal reveal VBP 33914 851 7 the the DT 33914 851 8 actual actual JJ 33914 851 9 serological serological JJ 33914 851 10 relationships relationship NNS 33914 851 11 of of IN 33914 851 12 the the DT 33914 851 13 individual individual JJ 33914 851 14 species specie NNS 33914 851 15 , , , 33914 851 16 interpretation interpretation NN 33914 851 17 of of IN 33914 851 18 the the DT 33914 851 19 relationships relationship NNS 33914 851 20 of of IN 33914 851 21 the the DT 33914 851 22 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 851 23 groups group NNS 33914 851 24 must must MD 33914 851 25 be be VB 33914 851 26 undertaken undertake VBN 33914 851 27 with with IN 33914 851 28 the the DT 33914 851 29 realization realization NN 33914 851 30 that that IN 33914 851 31 such such PDT 33914 851 32 an an DT 33914 851 33 interpretation interpretation NN 33914 851 34 is be VBZ 33914 851 35 based base VBN 33914 851 36 on on IN 33914 851 37 tests test NNS 33914 851 38 involving involve VBG 33914 851 39 relatively relatively RB 33914 851 40 few few JJ 33914 851 41 species specie NNS 33914 851 42 of of IN 33914 851 43 each each DT 33914 851 44 group group NN 33914 851 45 . . . 33914 852 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 852 2 is be VBZ 33914 852 3 reasonable reasonable JJ 33914 852 4 to to TO 33914 852 5 assume assume VB 33914 852 6 , , , 33914 852 7 however however RB 33914 852 8 , , , 33914 852 9 that that IN 33914 852 10 a a DT 33914 852 11 species species NN 33914 852 12 which which WDT 33914 852 13 has have VBZ 33914 852 14 been be VBN 33914 852 15 placed place VBN 33914 852 16 in in IN 33914 852 17 a a DT 33914 852 18 group group NN 33914 852 19 on on IN 33914 852 20 the the DT 33914 852 21 basis basis NN 33914 852 22 of of IN 33914 852 23 resemblances resemblance NNS 33914 852 24 other other JJ 33914 852 25 than than IN 33914 852 26 serological serological JJ 33914 852 27 resemblance resemblance NN 33914 852 28 would would MD 33914 852 29 show show VB 33914 852 30 greater great JJR 33914 852 31 serological serological JJ 33914 852 32 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 852 33 to to IN 33914 852 34 other other JJ 33914 852 35 members member NNS 33914 852 36 of of IN 33914 852 37 that that DT 33914 852 38 group group NN 33914 852 39 than than IN 33914 852 40 it -PRON- PRP 33914 852 41 would would MD 33914 852 42 to to IN 33914 852 43 members member NNS 33914 852 44 of of IN 33914 852 45 other other JJ 33914 852 46 groups group NNS 33914 852 47 . . . 33914 853 1 Specifically specifically RB 33914 853 2 , , , 33914 853 3 in in IN 33914 853 4 the the DT 33914 853 5 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 853 6 and and CC 33914 853 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 853 8 allies ally NNS 33914 853 9 , , , 33914 853 10 there there EX 33914 853 11 seems seem VBZ 33914 853 12 to to TO 33914 853 13 be be VB 33914 853 14 little little JJ 33914 853 15 reason reason NN 33914 853 16 to to TO 33914 853 17 doubt doubt VB 33914 853 18 that that DT 33914 853 19 genera genera NN 33914 853 20 , , , 33914 853 21 and and CC 33914 853 22 even even RB 33914 853 23 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 853 24 , , , 33914 853 25 are be VBP 33914 853 26 natural natural JJ 33914 853 27 groups group NNS 33914 853 28 . . . 33914 854 1 This this DT 33914 854 2 is be VBZ 33914 854 3 illustrated illustrate VBN 33914 854 4 in in IN 33914 854 5 tests test NNS 33914 854 6 involving involve VBG 33914 854 7 closely closely RB 33914 854 8 related related JJ 33914 854 9 genera genera NN 33914 854 10 : : : 33914 854 11 _ _ NNP 33914 854 12 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 854 13 _ _ NNP 33914 854 14 and and CC 33914 854 15 _ _ NNP 33914 854 16 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 854 17 _ _ NNP 33914 854 18 ( ( -LRB- 33914 854 19 Figs Figs NNP 33914 854 20 . . . 33914 855 1 14 14 CD 33914 855 2 , , , 33914 855 3 15 15 CD 33914 855 4 , , , 33914 855 5 18 18 CD 33914 855 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 855 7 , , , 33914 855 8 _ _ NNP 33914 855 9 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 855 10 _ _ NNP 33914 855 11 and and CC 33914 855 12 _ _ NNP 33914 855 13 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 855 14 _ _ NNP 33914 855 15 ( ( -LRB- 33914 855 16 Fig Fig NNP 33914 855 17 . . . 33914 856 1 21 21 CD 33914 856 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 856 3 , , , 33914 856 4 _ _ NNP 33914 856 5 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 856 6 _ _ NNP 33914 856 7 and and CC 33914 856 8 _ _ NNP 33914 856 9 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 856 10 _ _ NNP 33914 856 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 856 12 Figs Figs NNP 33914 856 13 . . . 33914 857 1 12 12 CD 33914 857 2 , , , 33914 857 3 17 17 CD 33914 857 4 , , , 33914 857 5 19 19 CD 33914 857 6 , , , 33914 857 7 20 20 CD 33914 857 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 857 9 . . . 33914 858 1 In in IN 33914 858 2 each each DT 33914 858 3 of of IN 33914 858 4 these these DT 33914 858 5 tests test NNS 33914 858 6 the the DT 33914 858 7 pairs pair NNS 33914 858 8 of of IN 33914 858 9 genera genera NNP 33914 858 10 mentioned mention VBN 33914 858 11 show show NN 33914 858 12 greater great JJR 33914 858 13 serological serological JJ 33914 858 14 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 858 15 to to IN 33914 858 16 each each DT 33914 858 17 other other JJ 33914 858 18 than than IN 33914 858 19 they -PRON- PRP 33914 858 20 do do VBP 33914 858 21 to to IN 33914 858 22 other other JJ 33914 858 23 kinds kind NNS 33914 858 24 involved involve VBN 33914 858 25 . . . 33914 859 1 This this DT 33914 859 2 point point NN 33914 859 3 is be VBZ 33914 859 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 33914 859 5 further further RB 33914 859 6 by by IN 33914 859 7 a a DT 33914 859 8 test test NN 33914 859 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 859 10 not not RB 33914 859 11 illustrated illustrate VBN 33914 859 12 ) ) -RRB- 33914 859 13 involving involve VBG 33914 859 14 _ _ NNP 33914 859 15 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 859 16 querula querula NN 33914 859 17 _ _ NNP 33914 859 18 ( ( -LRB- 33914 859 19 the the DT 33914 859 20 homologous homologous JJ 33914 859 21 antigen antigen NN 33914 859 22 ) ) -RRB- 33914 859 23 and and CC 33914 859 24 _ _ NNP 33914 859 25 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 859 26 albicollis albicollis NNP 33914 859 27 _ _ NNP 33914 859 28 . . . 33914 860 1 Although although IN 33914 860 2 this this DT 33914 860 3 test test NN 33914 860 4 was be VBD 33914 860 5 one one CD 33914 860 6 of of IN 33914 860 7 an an DT 33914 860 8 earlier early JJR 33914 860 9 series series NN 33914 860 10 in in IN 33914 860 11 which which WDT 33914 860 12 difficulties difficulty NNS 33914 860 13 were be VBD 33914 860 14 encountered encounter VBN 33914 860 15 ( ( -LRB- 33914 860 16 the the DT 33914 860 17 data datum NNS 33914 860 18 , , , 33914 860 19 therefore therefore RB 33914 860 20 , , , 33914 860 21 were be VBD 33914 860 22 not not RB 33914 860 23 used use VBN 33914 860 24 ) ) -RRB- 33914 860 25 , , , 33914 860 26 it -PRON- PRP 33914 860 27 is be VBZ 33914 860 28 of of IN 33914 860 29 interest interest NN 33914 860 30 that that IN 33914 860 31 the the DT 33914 860 32 two two CD 33914 860 33 species specie NNS 33914 860 34 were be VBD 33914 860 35 almost almost RB 33914 860 36 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 33914 860 37 serologically serologically RB 33914 860 38 . . . 33914 861 1 The the DT 33914 861 2 serological serological JJ 33914 861 3 homogeneity homogeneity NN 33914 861 4 of of IN 33914 861 5 passeriform passeriform NN 33914 861 6 birds bird NNS 33914 861 7 is be VBZ 33914 861 8 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 861 9 by by IN 33914 861 10 the the DT 33914 861 11 fact fact NN 33914 861 12 that that IN 33914 861 13 the the DT 33914 861 14 value value NN 33914 861 15 of of IN 33914 861 16 every every DT 33914 861 17 heterologous heterologous JJ 33914 861 18 reaction reaction NN 33914 861 19 was be VBD 33914 861 20 more more JJR 33914 861 21 than than IN 33914 861 22 50 50 CD 33914 861 23 per per NN 33914 861 24 cent cent NN 33914 861 25 of of IN 33914 861 26 the the DT 33914 861 27 value value NN 33914 861 28 of of IN 33914 861 29 the the DT 33914 861 30 homologous homologous JJ 33914 861 31 reaction reaction NN 33914 861 32 , , , 33914 861 33 except except IN 33914 861 34 in in IN 33914 861 35 the the DT 33914 861 36 test test NN 33914 861 37 involving involve VBG 33914 861 38 the the DT 33914 861 39 anti-_Richmondena anti-_richmondena NN 33914 861 40 _ _ NNP 33914 861 41 serum serum NN 33914 861 42 and and CC 33914 861 43 _ _ NNP 33914 861 44 Myiarchus Myiarchus NNP 33914 861 45 _ _ NNP 33914 861 46 ( ( -LRB- 33914 861 47 Fig Fig NNP 33914 861 48 . . . 33914 862 1 13 13 CD 33914 862 2 ) ) -RRB- 33914 862 3 in in IN 33914 862 4 which which WDT 33914 862 5 the the DT 33914 862 6 value value NN 33914 862 7 of of IN 33914 862 8 the the DT 33914 862 9 heterologous heterologous JJ 33914 862 10 reaction reaction NN 33914 862 11 was be VBD 33914 862 12 45 45 CD 33914 862 13 per per NN 33914 862 14 cent cent NN 33914 862 15 . . . 33914 863 1 Because because IN 33914 863 2 most most JJS 33914 863 3 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 863 4 consider consider VBP 33914 863 5 these these DT 33914 863 6 genera genera NN 33914 863 7 to to TO 33914 863 8 be be VB 33914 863 9 only only RB 33914 863 10 distantly distantly RB 33914 863 11 related related JJ 33914 863 12 ( ( -LRB- 33914 863 13 they -PRON- PRP 33914 863 14 are be VBP 33914 863 15 in in IN 33914 863 16 different different JJ 33914 863 17 suborders suborder NNS 33914 863 18 within within IN 33914 863 19 the the DT 33914 863 20 Order Order NNP 33914 863 21 Passeriformes Passeriformes NNPS 33914 863 22 ) ) -RRB- 33914 863 23 , , , 33914 863 24 the the DT 33914 863 25 relatively relatively RB 33914 863 26 high high JJ 33914 863 27 value value NN 33914 863 28 of of IN 33914 863 29 the the DT 33914 863 30 heterologous heterologous JJ 33914 863 31 reaction reaction NN 33914 863 32 emphasizes emphasize VBZ 33914 863 33 the the DT 33914 863 34 close close JJ 33914 863 35 serological serological JJ 33914 863 36 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 863 37 of of IN 33914 863 38 passerine passerine NN 33914 863 39 birds bird NNS 33914 863 40 and and CC 33914 863 41 indicates indicate VBZ 33914 863 42 that that IN 33914 863 43 small small JJ 33914 863 44 consistent consistent JJ 33914 863 45 serological serological JJ 33914 863 46 differences difference NNS 33914 863 47 among among IN 33914 863 48 these these DT 33914 863 49 birds bird NNS 33914 863 50 are be VBP 33914 863 51 actually actually RB 33914 863 52 significant significant JJ 33914 863 53 . . . 33914 864 1 The the DT 33914 864 2 possibility possibility NN 33914 864 3 that that IN 33914 864 4 some some DT 33914 864 5 of of IN 33914 864 6 the the DT 33914 864 7 serological serological JJ 33914 864 8 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 864 9 is be VBZ 33914 864 10 due due JJ 33914 864 11 to to IN 33914 864 12 the the DT 33914 864 13 " " `` 33914 864 14 homologizing homologize VBG 33914 864 15 " " '' 33914 864 16 effect effect NN 33914 864 17 of of IN 33914 864 18 formalin formalin NN 33914 864 19 on on IN 33914 864 20 proteins protein NNS 33914 864 21 should should MD 33914 864 22 not not RB 33914 864 23 be be VB 33914 864 24 excluded exclude VBN 33914 864 25 . . . 33914 865 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 865 2 think think VBP 33914 865 3 , , , 33914 865 4 however however RB 33914 865 5 , , , 33914 865 6 that that IN 33914 865 7 this this DT 33914 865 8 effect effect NN 33914 865 9 is be VBZ 33914 865 10 not not RB 33914 865 11 entirely entirely RB 33914 865 12 responsible responsible JJ 33914 865 13 for for IN 33914 865 14 the the DT 33914 865 15 close close JJ 33914 865 16 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 865 17 observed observe VBN 33914 865 18 here here RB 33914 865 19 . . . 33914 866 1 An an DT 33914 866 2 additional additional JJ 33914 866 3 point point NN 33914 866 4 to to TO 33914 866 5 consider consider VB 33914 866 6 in in IN 33914 866 7 interpretation interpretation NN 33914 866 8 of of IN 33914 866 9 the the DT 33914 866 10 serological serological JJ 33914 866 11 tests test NNS 33914 866 12 is be VBZ 33914 866 13 that that IN 33914 866 14 the the DT 33914 866 15 techniques technique NNS 33914 866 16 used use VBD 33914 866 17 tend tend VBP 33914 866 18 to to TO 33914 866 19 separate separate VB 33914 866 20 sharply sharply JJ 33914 866 21 species specie NNS 33914 866 22 that that WDT 33914 866 23 are be VBP 33914 866 24 closely closely RB 33914 866 25 related related JJ 33914 866 26 whereas whereas IN 33914 866 27 species specie NNS 33914 866 28 that that WDT 33914 866 29 are be VBP 33914 866 30 distantly distantly RB 33914 866 31 related related JJ 33914 866 32 are be VBP 33914 866 33 not not RB 33914 866 34 so so RB 33914 866 35 easily easily RB 33914 866 36 separated separate VBN 33914 866 37 . . . 33914 867 1 In in IN 33914 867 2 other other JJ 33914 867 3 words word NNS 33914 867 4 , , , 33914 867 5 comparative comparative JJ 33914 867 6 serological serological JJ 33914 867 7 studies study NNS 33914 867 8 with with IN 33914 867 9 the the DT 33914 867 10 photronreflectometer photronreflectometer NN 33914 867 11 tend tend VB 33914 867 12 to to TO 33914 867 13 minimize minimize VB 33914 867 14 the the DT 33914 867 15 differences difference NNS 33914 867 16 between between IN 33914 867 17 distant distant JJ 33914 867 18 relatives relative NNS 33914 867 19 and and CC 33914 867 20 to to TO 33914 867 21 exaggerate exaggerate VB 33914 867 22 the the DT 33914 867 23 differences difference NNS 33914 867 24 between between IN 33914 867 25 close close JJ 33914 867 26 relatives relative NNS 33914 867 27 . . . 33914 868 1 In in IN 33914 868 2 analyzing analyze VBG 33914 868 3 the the DT 33914 868 4 serological serological JJ 33914 868 5 relationships relationship NNS 33914 868 6 of of IN 33914 868 7 the the DT 33914 868 8 species specie NNS 33914 868 9 used use VBN 33914 868 10 in in IN 33914 868 11 this this DT 33914 868 12 study study NN 33914 868 13 , , , 33914 868 14 it -PRON- PRP 33914 868 15 becomes become VBZ 33914 868 16 obvious obvious JJ 33914 868 17 that that IN 33914 868 18 two two CD 33914 868 19 or or CC 33914 868 20 more more JJR 33914 868 21 series series NN 33914 868 22 of of IN 33914 868 23 tests test NNS 33914 868 24 must must MD 33914 868 25 be be VB 33914 868 26 considered consider VBN 33914 868 27 before before IN 33914 868 28 the the DT 33914 868 29 birds bird NNS 33914 868 30 can can MD 33914 868 31 be be VB 33914 868 32 placed place VBN 33914 868 33 in in IN 33914 868 34 relation relation NN 33914 868 35 to to IN 33914 868 36 each each DT 33914 868 37 other other JJ 33914 868 38 . . . 33914 869 1 For for IN 33914 869 2 example example NN 33914 869 3 , , , 33914 869 4 the the DT 33914 869 5 data datum NNS 33914 869 6 presented present VBN 33914 869 7 in in IN 33914 869 8 Fig Fig NNP 33914 869 9 . . . 33914 870 1 14 14 CD 33914 870 2 indicate indicate VBP 33914 870 3 that that IN 33914 870 4 _ _ NNP 33914 870 5 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 870 6 _ _ NNP 33914 870 7 and and CC 33914 870 8 _ _ NNP 33914 870 9 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 870 10 _ _ NNP 33914 870 11 show show VBP 33914 870 12 approximately approximately RB 33914 870 13 the the DT 33914 870 14 same same JJ 33914 870 15 degree degree NN 33914 870 16 of of IN 33914 870 17 serological serological JJ 33914 870 18 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 870 19 to to IN 33914 870 20 _ _ NNP 33914 870 21 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 870 22 _ _ NNP 33914 870 23 . . . 33914 871 1 This this DT 33914 871 2 does do VBZ 33914 871 3 not not RB 33914 871 4 imply imply VB 33914 871 5 necessarily necessarily RB 33914 871 6 that that IN 33914 871 7 _ _ NNP 33914 871 8 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 871 9 _ _ NNP 33914 871 10 and and CC 33914 871 11 _ _ NNP 33914 871 12 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 871 13 _ _ NNP 33914 871 14 are be VBP 33914 871 15 closely closely RB 33914 871 16 related related JJ 33914 871 17 . . . 33914 872 1 If if IN 33914 872 2 Fig Fig NNP 33914 872 3 . . . 33914 873 1 15 15 CD 33914 873 2 is be VBZ 33914 873 3 examined examine VBN 33914 873 4 , , , 33914 873 5 it -PRON- PRP 33914 873 6 can can MD 33914 873 7 be be VB 33914 873 8 determined determine VBN 33914 873 9 that that IN 33914 873 10 _ _ NNP 33914 873 11 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 873 12 _ _ NNP 33914 873 13 shows show VBZ 33914 873 14 much much RB 33914 873 15 greater great JJR 33914 873 16 serological serological JJ 33914 873 17 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 873 18 to to IN 33914 873 19 _ _ NNP 33914 873 20 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 873 21 _ _ NNP 33914 873 22 than than IN 33914 873 23 does do VBZ 33914 873 24 _ _ NNP 33914 873 25 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 873 26 _ _ NNP 33914 873 27 . . . 33914 874 1 Thus thus RB 33914 874 2 , , , 33914 874 3 an an DT 33914 874 4 analysis analysis NN 33914 874 5 of of IN 33914 874 6 both both DT 33914 874 7 figures figure NNS 33914 874 8 serves serve VBZ 33914 874 9 to to TO 33914 874 10 clarify clarify VB 33914 874 11 the the DT 33914 874 12 true true JJ 33914 874 13 serological serological JJ 33914 874 14 relationships relationship NNS 33914 874 15 of of IN 33914 874 16 the the DT 33914 874 17 three three CD 33914 874 18 genera genera NN 33914 874 19 . . . 33914 875 1 By by IN 33914 875 2 reference reference NN 33914 875 3 to to IN 33914 875 4 other other JJ 33914 875 5 series series NN 33914 875 6 of of IN 33914 875 7 tests test NNS 33914 875 8 involving involve VBG 33914 875 9 these these DT 33914 875 10 three three CD 33914 875 11 birds bird NNS 33914 875 12 a a DT 33914 875 13 more more RBR 33914 875 14 exact exact JJ 33914 875 15 determination determination NN 33914 875 16 of of IN 33914 875 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 875 18 relationships relationship NNS 33914 875 19 may may MD 33914 875 20 be be VB 33914 875 21 obtained obtain VBN 33914 875 22 . . . 33914 876 1 To to TO 33914 876 2 illustrate illustrate VB 33914 876 3 this this DT 33914 876 4 point point NN 33914 876 5 by by IN 33914 876 6 a a DT 33914 876 7 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 33914 876 8 example example NN 33914 876 9 , , , 33914 876 10 two two CD 33914 876 11 species specie NNS 33914 876 12 might may MD 33914 876 13 seem seem VB 33914 876 14 equidistant equidistant JJ 33914 876 15 , , , 33914 876 16 serologically serologically RB 33914 876 17 , , , 33914 876 18 from from IN 33914 876 19 a a DT 33914 876 20 third third JJ 33914 876 21 species species NN 33914 876 22 . . . 33914 877 1 Additional additional JJ 33914 877 2 testing testing NN 33914 877 3 should should MD 33914 877 4 indicate indicate VB 33914 877 5 if if IN 33914 877 6 the the DT 33914 877 7 first first JJ 33914 877 8 two two CD 33914 877 9 species specie NNS 33914 877 10 are be VBP 33914 877 11 equidistant equidistant JJ 33914 877 12 in in IN 33914 877 13 the the DT 33914 877 14 same same JJ 33914 877 15 direction direction NN 33914 877 16 ( ( -LRB- 33914 877 17 therefore therefore RB 33914 877 18 , , , 33914 877 19 by by IN 33914 877 20 implication implication NN 33914 877 21 , , , 33914 877 22 close close JJ 33914 877 23 relatives relative NNS 33914 877 24 ) ) -RRB- 33914 877 25 or or CC 33914 877 26 in in IN 33914 877 27 opposite opposite JJ 33914 877 28 directions direction NNS 33914 877 29 ( ( -LRB- 33914 877 30 therefore therefore RB 33914 877 31 , , , 33914 877 32 distant distant JJ 33914 877 33 relatives relative NNS 33914 877 34 ) ) -RRB- 33914 877 35 . . . 33914 878 1 A a DT 33914 878 2 single single JJ 33914 878 3 test test NN 33914 878 4 supplies supply NNS 33914 878 5 only only RB 33914 878 6 two two CD 33914 878 7 dimensions dimension NNS 33914 878 8 of of IN 33914 878 9 a a DT 33914 878 10 three three CD 33914 878 11 dimensional dimensional JJ 33914 878 12 arrangement arrangement NN 33914 878 13 . . . 33914 879 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 879 2 is be VBZ 33914 879 3 impossible impossible JJ 33914 879 4 to to TO 33914 879 5 interpret interpret VB 33914 879 6 and and CC 33914 879 7 to to TO 33914 879 8 picture picture VB 33914 879 9 the the DT 33914 879 10 serological serological JJ 33914 879 11 data datum NNS 33914 879 12 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 33914 879 13 in in IN 33914 879 14 two two CD 33914 879 15 dimensions dimension NNS 33914 879 16 ; ; : 33914 879 17 therefore therefore RB 33914 879 18 , , , 33914 879 19 a a DT 33914 879 20 three three CD 33914 879 21 - - HYPH 33914 879 22 dimensional dimensional JJ 33914 879 23 model model NN 33914 879 24 ( ( -LRB- 33914 879 25 Figs fig NNS 33914 879 26 . . . 33914 880 1 22 22 CD 33914 880 2 , , , 33914 880 3 23 23 CD 33914 880 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 880 5 was be VBD 33914 880 6 constructed construct VBN 33914 880 7 to to TO 33914 880 8 summarize summarize VB 33914 880 9 the the DT 33914 880 10 serological serological JJ 33914 880 11 relationships relationship NNS 33914 880 12 of of IN 33914 880 13 the the DT 33914 880 14 birds bird NNS 33914 880 15 involved involve VBN 33914 880 16 . . . 33914 881 1 Each each DT 33914 881 2 of of IN 33914 881 3 the the DT 33914 881 4 eleven eleven CD 33914 881 5 kinds kind NNS 33914 881 6 used use VBD 33914 881 7 consistently consistently RB 33914 881 8 throughout throughout IN 33914 881 9 the the DT 33914 881 10 investigation investigation NN 33914 881 11 is be VBZ 33914 881 12 represented represent VBN 33914 881 13 in in IN 33914 881 14 the the DT 33914 881 15 model model NN 33914 881 16 . . . 33914 882 1 By by IN 33914 882 2 use use NN 33914 882 3 of of IN 33914 882 4 the the DT 33914 882 5 percentage percentage NN 33914 882 6 values value NNS 33914 882 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 882 8 Table table NN 33914 882 9 2 2 CD 33914 882 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 882 11 , , , 33914 882 12 each each DT 33914 882 13 bird bird NN 33914 882 14 was be VBD 33914 882 15 located locate VBN 33914 882 16 in in IN 33914 882 17 relation relation NN 33914 882 18 to to IN 33914 882 19 the the DT 33914 882 20 other other JJ 33914 882 21 birds bird NNS 33914 882 22 . . . 33914 883 1 Where where WRB 33914 883 2 possible possible JJ 33914 883 3 , , , 33914 883 4 averages average NNS 33914 883 5 of of IN 33914 883 6 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 33914 883 7 tests test NNS 33914 883 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 883 9 Table table NN 33914 883 10 3 3 CD 33914 883 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 883 12 were be VBD 33914 883 13 used use VBN 33914 883 14 in in IN 33914 883 15 determining determine VBG 33914 883 16 distances distance NNS 33914 883 17 between between IN 33914 883 18 the the DT 33914 883 19 elements element NNS 33914 883 20 of of IN 33914 883 21 the the DT 33914 883 22 model model NN 33914 883 23 . . . 33914 884 1 In in IN 33914 884 2 this this DT 33914 884 3 way way NN 33914 884 4 seven seven CD 33914 884 5 of of IN 33914 884 6 the the DT 33914 884 7 birds bird NNS 33914 884 8 were be VBD 33914 884 9 accurately accurately RB 33914 884 10 located locate VBN 33914 884 11 in in IN 33914 884 12 relation relation NN 33914 884 13 to to IN 33914 884 14 each each DT 33914 884 15 other other JJ 33914 884 16 . . . 33914 885 1 Lacking lack VBG 33914 885 2 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 33914 885 3 tests test NNS 33914 885 4 , , , 33914 885 5 the the DT 33914 885 6 positions position NNS 33914 885 7 of of IN 33914 885 8 the the DT 33914 885 9 other other JJ 33914 885 10 birds bird NNS 33914 885 11 were be VBD 33914 885 12 determined determine VBN 33914 885 13 by by IN 33914 885 14 the the DT 33914 885 15 values value NNS 33914 885 16 of of IN 33914 885 17 single single JJ 33914 885 18 tests test NNS 33914 885 19 ( ( -LRB- 33914 885 20 Table table NN 33914 885 21 4 4 CD 33914 885 22 ) ) -RRB- 33914 885 23 . . . 33914 886 1 Although although IN 33914 886 2 these these DT 33914 886 3 birds bird NNS 33914 886 4 were be VBD 33914 886 5 placed place VBN 33914 886 6 with with IN 33914 886 7 less less JJR 33914 886 8 certainty certainty NN 33914 886 9 , , , 33914 886 10 at at IN 33914 886 11 least least JJS 33914 886 12 four four CD 33914 886 13 points point NNS 33914 886 14 of of IN 33914 886 15 reference reference NN 33914 886 16 were be VBD 33914 886 17 used use VBN 33914 886 18 in in IN 33914 886 19 locating locate VBG 33914 886 20 each each DT 33914 886 21 species specie NNS 33914 886 22 . . . 33914 887 1 At at RB 33914 887 2 least least RBS 33914 887 3 one one CD 33914 887 4 serological serological JJ 33914 887 5 test test NN 33914 887 6 is be VBZ 33914 887 7 represented represent VBN 33914 887 8 by by IN 33914 887 9 each each DT 33914 887 10 connecting connect VBG 33914 887 11 bar bar NN 33914 887 12 in in IN 33914 887 13 the the DT 33914 887 14 model model NN 33914 887 15 . . . 33914 888 1 The the DT 33914 888 2 lengths length NNS 33914 888 3 of of IN 33914 888 4 the the DT 33914 888 5 bars bar NNS 33914 888 6 connecting connect VBG 33914 888 7 any any DT 33914 888 8 two two CD 33914 888 9 elements element NNS 33914 888 10 were be VBD 33914 888 11 determined determine VBN 33914 888 12 as as IN 33914 888 13 follows follow VBZ 33914 888 14 : : : 33914 888 15 a a DT 33914 888 16 percentage percentage NN 33914 888 17 value value NN 33914 888 18 ( ( -LRB- 33914 888 19 Table table NN 33914 888 20 3 3 CD 33914 888 21 and and CC 33914 888 22 Table table NN 33914 888 23 4 4 CD 33914 888 24 ) ) -RRB- 33914 888 25 representing represent VBG 33914 888 26 the the DT 33914 888 27 degree degree NN 33914 888 28 of of IN 33914 888 29 serological serological JJ 33914 888 30 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 888 31 between between IN 33914 888 32 two two CD 33914 888 33 birds bird NNS 33914 888 34 was be VBD 33914 888 35 subtracted subtract VBN 33914 888 36 from from IN 33914 888 37 100 100 CD 33914 888 38 per per NN 33914 888 39 cent cent NN 33914 888 40 ; ; : 33914 888 41 the the DT 33914 888 42 remainder remainder NN 33914 888 43 was be VBD 33914 888 44 multiplied multiply VBN 33914 888 45 by by IN 33914 888 46 a a DT 33914 888 47 factor factor NN 33914 888 48 of of IN 33914 888 49 five five CD 33914 888 50 to to TO 33914 888 51 increase increase VB 33914 888 52 the the DT 33914 888 53 size size NN 33914 888 54 of of IN 33914 888 55 the the DT 33914 888 56 model model NN 33914 888 57 and and CC 33914 888 58 the the DT 33914 888 59 product product NN 33914 888 60 was be VBD 33914 888 61 expressed express VBN 33914 888 62 in in IN 33914 888 63 millimeters millimeter NNS 33914 888 64 ; ; : 33914 888 65 a a DT 33914 888 66 bar bar NN 33914 888 67 of of IN 33914 888 68 proper proper JJ 33914 888 69 length length NN 33914 888 70 connects connect NNS 33914 888 71 the the DT 33914 888 72 two two CD 33914 888 73 elements element NNS 33914 888 74 involved involve VBN 33914 888 75 . . . 33914 889 1 From from IN 33914 889 2 the the DT 33914 889 3 model model NN 33914 889 4 it -PRON- PRP 33914 889 5 is be VBZ 33914 889 6 observed observe VBN 33914 889 7 that that IN 33914 889 8 , , , 33914 889 9 _ _ NNP 33914 889 10 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 889 11 _ _ NNP 33914 889 12 and and CC 33914 889 13 _ _ NNP 33914 889 14 Passer Passer NNP 33914 889 15 _ _ NNP 33914 889 16 excluded exclude VBD 33914 889 17 , , , 33914 889 18 the the DT 33914 889 19 birds bird NNS 33914 889 20 fall fall VBP 33914 889 21 into into IN 33914 889 22 two two CD 33914 889 23 distinct distinct JJ 33914 889 24 groups group NNS 33914 889 25 : : : 33914 889 26 one one PRP 33914 889 27 includes include VBZ 33914 889 28 _ _ NNP 33914 889 29 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 889 30 _ _ NNP 33914 889 31 , , , 33914 889 32 _ _ NNP 33914 889 33 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 889 34 _ _ NNP 33914 889 35 , , , 33914 889 36 _ _ NNP 33914 889 37 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 889 38 _ _ NNP 33914 889 39 , , , 33914 889 40 _ _ NNP 33914 889 41 Junco Junco NNP 33914 889 42 _ _ NNP 33914 889 43 , , , 33914 889 44 and and CC 33914 889 45 _ _ NNP 33914 889 46 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 889 47 _ _ NNP 33914 889 48 ; ; : 33914 889 49 the the DT 33914 889 50 other other JJ 33914 889 51 includes include VBZ 33914 889 52 _ _ NNP 33914 889 53 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 889 54 _ _ NNP 33914 889 55 , , , 33914 889 56 _ _ NNP 33914 889 57 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 889 58 _ _ NNP 33914 889 59 , , , 33914 889 60 _ _ NNP 33914 889 61 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 889 62 _ _ NNP 33914 889 63 , , , 33914 889 64 and and CC 33914 889 65 _ _ NNP 33914 889 66 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 889 67 _ _ NNP 33914 889 68 . . . 33914 890 1 TABLE TABLE NNS 33914 890 2 3.--Reciprocal 3.--reciprocal JJ 33914 890 3 Values value NNS 33914 890 4 Used use VBN 33914 890 5 to to IN 33914 890 6 Determine determine VB 33914 890 7 Distances distance NNS 33914 890 8 Between between IN 33914 890 9 Elements Elements NNPS 33914 890 10 of of IN 33914 890 11 the the DT 33914 890 12 Model model NN 33914 890 13 ; ; : 33914 890 14 Each each DT 33914 890 15 Value value NN 33914 890 16 Represents represent VBZ 33914 890 17 the the DT 33914 890 18 Average average NN 33914 890 19 of of IN 33914 890 20 Serological serological JJ 33914 890 21 Tests Tests NNPS 33914 890 22 Between between IN 33914 890 23 the the DT 33914 890 24 Species Species NNPS 33914 890 25 Involved Involved NNP 33914 890 26 Table Table NNP 33914 890 27 Headings Headings NNPS 33914 890 28 : : : 33914 890 29 Col Col NNP 33914 890 30 A A NNP 33914 890 31 : : : 33914 890 32 _ _ NNP 33914 890 33 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 890 34 amandava amandava NN 33914 890 35 _ _ NNP 33914 890 36 Col Col NNP 33914 890 37 B B NNP 33914 890 38 : : : 33914 890 39 _ _ NNP 33914 890 40 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 890 41 guttata guttata NN 33914 890 42 _ _ NNP 33914 890 43 Col Col NNP 33914 890 44 C C NNP 33914 890 45 : : : 33914 890 46 _ _ NNP 33914 890 47 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 890 48 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 890 49 _ _ NNP 33914 890 50 Col Col NNP 33914 890 51 D D NNP 33914 890 52 : : : 33914 890 53 _ _ NNP 33914 890 54 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 890 55 americana americana VBZ 33914 890 56 _ _ NNP 33914 890 57 Col Col NNP 33914 890 58 E E NNP 33914 890 59 : : : 33914 890 60 _ _ NNP 33914 890 61 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 890 62 tristis tristis NN 33914 890 63 _ _ NNP 33914 890 64 Col Col NNP 33914 890 65 F F NNP 33914 890 66 : : : 33914 890 67 _ _ NNP 33914 890 68 Junco Junco NNP 33914 890 69 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 890 70 _ _ NNP 33914 890 71 Col Col NNP 33914 890 72 G G NNP 33914 890 73 : : : 33914 890 74 _ _ NNP 33914 890 75 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 890 76 querula querula NN 33914 890 77 _ _ NNP 33914 890 78 = = SYM 33914 890 79 = = SYM 33914 890 80 = = SYM 33914 890 81 = = SYM 33914 890 82 = = SYM 33914 890 83 = = SYM 33914 890 84 = = SYM 33914 890 85 = = SYM 33914 890 86 = = SYM 33914 890 87 = = SYM 33914 890 88 = = SYM 33914 890 89 = = SYM 33914 890 90 = = SYM 33914 890 91 = = SYM 33914 890 92 = = SYM 33914 890 93 = = SYM 33914 890 94 = = SYM 33914 890 95 = = SYM 33914 890 96 = = SYM 33914 890 97 = = SYM 33914 890 98 = = SYM 33914 890 99 = = SYM 33914 890 100 = = SYM 33914 890 101 = = SYM 33914 890 102 = = NFP 33914 890 103 = = SYM 33914 890 104 + + SYM 33914 890 105 = = SYM 33914 890 106 = = SYM 33914 890 107 = = NFP 33914 890 108 = = SYM 33914 890 109 + + SYM 33914 890 110 = = SYM 33914 890 111 = = SYM 33914 890 112 = = NFP 33914 890 113 = = SYM 33914 890 114 + + SYM 33914 890 115 = = SYM 33914 890 116 = = SYM 33914 890 117 = = NFP 33914 890 118 = = SYM 33914 890 119 + + SYM 33914 890 120 = = SYM 33914 890 121 = = SYM 33914 890 122 = = NFP 33914 890 123 = = SYM 33914 890 124 + + SYM 33914 890 125 = = SYM 33914 890 126 = = SYM 33914 890 127 = = NFP 33914 890 128 = = SYM 33914 890 129 + + SYM 33914 890 130 = = SYM 33914 890 131 = = SYM 33914 890 132 = = NFP 33914 890 133 = = SYM 33914 890 134 + + SYM 33914 890 135 = = SYM 33914 890 136 = = SYM 33914 890 137 = = SYM 33914 890 138 = = SYM 33914 890 139 + + CC 33914 890 140 | | NNP 33914 890 141 A A NNP 33914 890 142 | | NNP 33914 890 143 B B NNP 33914 890 144 | | NNP 33914 890 145 C C NNP 33914 890 146 | | NNP 33914 890 147 D D NNP 33914 890 148 | | NNP 33914 890 149 E E NNP 33914 890 150 | | NNP 33914 890 151 F F NNP 33914 890 152 | | NNP 33914 890 153 G G NNP 33914 890 154 | | NNP 33914 890 155 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ : 33914 890 156 _ _ NNP 33914 890 157 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 890 158 amandava amandava NN 33914 890 159 _ _ NNP 33914 890 160 | | NNP 33914 890 161 .. .. NNP 33914 890 162 | | NNP 33914 890 163 92 92 CD 33914 890 164 | | CD 33914 890 165 .. .. CD 33914 890 166 | | CD 33914 890 167 72 72 CD 33914 890 168 | | CD 33914 890 169 72 72 CD 33914 890 170 | | CD 33914 890 171 59 59 CD 33914 890 172 | | CD 33914 890 173 .. .. NFP 33914 890 174 | | NNP 33914 890 175 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ : 33914 890 176 _ _ NNP 33914 890 177 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 890 178 guttata guttata NN 33914 890 179 _ _ NNP 33914 890 180 | | NNP 33914 890 181 92 92 CD 33914 890 182 | | CD 33914 890 183 .. .. CD 33914 890 184 | | CD 33914 890 185 74 74 CD 33914 890 186 | | CD 33914 890 187 78 78 CD 33914 890 188 | | CD 33914 890 189 78 78 CD 33914 890 190 | | CD 33914 890 191 .. .. NFP 33914 890 192 | | NNP 33914 890 193 .. .. NFP 33914 890 194 | | NNP 33914 890 195 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -LRB- 33914 890 196 _ _ NNP 33914 890 197 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 890 198 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 890 199 _ _ NNP 33914 890 200 | | NNP 33914 890 201 .. .. NNP 33914 890 202 | | CD 33914 890 203 74 74 CD 33914 890 204 | | CD 33914 890 205 .. .. CD 33914 890 206 | | CD 33914 890 207 85 85 CD 33914 890 208 | | CD 33914 890 209 63 63 CD 33914 890 210 | | CD 33914 890 211 77 77 CD 33914 890 212 | | CD 33914 890 213 79 79 CD 33914 890 214 | | CD 33914 890 215 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ NN 33914 890 216 _ _ NNP 33914 890 217 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 890 218 americana americana VBZ 33914 890 219 _ _ NNP 33914 890 220 | | NNP 33914 890 221 72 72 CD 33914 890 222 | | CD 33914 890 223 78 78 CD 33914 890 224 | | CD 33914 890 225 85 85 CD 33914 890 226 | | CD 33914 890 227 .. .. CD 33914 890 228 | | CD 33914 890 229 77 77 CD 33914 890 230 | | CD 33914 890 231 77 77 CD 33914 890 232 | | CD 33914 890 233 85 85 CD 33914 890 234 | | NNS 33914 890 235 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ : 33914 890 236 _ _ NNP 33914 890 237 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 890 238 tristis tristis NN 33914 890 239 _ _ NNP 33914 890 240 | | NNP 33914 890 241 72 72 CD 33914 890 242 | | CD 33914 890 243 78 78 CD 33914 890 244 | | CD 33914 890 245 63 63 CD 33914 890 246 | | CD 33914 890 247 77 77 CD 33914 890 248 | | CD 33914 890 249 .. .. CD 33914 890 250 | | NNP 33914 890 251 .. .. NFP 33914 890 252 | | NNP 33914 890 253 .. .. NFP 33914 890 254 | | NNP 33914 890 255 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -LRB- 33914 890 256 _ _ NNP 33914 890 257 Junco Junco NNP 33914 890 258 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 890 259 _ _ NNP 33914 890 260 | | NNP 33914 890 261 .. .. NNP 33914 890 262 | | NNP 33914 890 263 .. .. NFP 33914 890 264 | | CD 33914 890 265 77 77 CD 33914 890 266 | | CD 33914 890 267 77 77 CD 33914 890 268 | | CD 33914 890 269 .. .. CD 33914 890 270 | | NNP 33914 890 271 .. .. NFP 33914 890 272 | | NNP 33914 890 273 .. .. NFP 33914 890 274 | | NNP 33914 890 275 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -LRB- 33914 890 276 _ _ NNP 33914 890 277 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 890 278 querula querula NN 33914 890 279 _ _ NNP 33914 890 280 | | NNP 33914 890 281 .. .. NNP 33914 890 282 | | NNP 33914 890 283 .. .. NFP 33914 890 284 | | CD 33914 890 285 79 79 CD 33914 890 286 | | CD 33914 890 287 85 85 CD 33914 890 288 | | CD 33914 890 289 .. .. NFP 33914 890 290 | | NNP 33914 890 291 .. .. NFP 33914 890 292 | | NNP 33914 890 293 .. .. NFP 33914 890 294 | | NNS 33914 890 295 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ NNS 33914 890 296 TABLE table NN 33914 890 297 4.--Single 4.--single CD 33914 890 298 Values value NNS 33914 890 299 Used use VBN 33914 890 300 to to IN 33914 890 301 Determine determine VB 33914 890 302 Distances distance NNS 33914 890 303 Between between IN 33914 890 304 Elements Elements NNPS 33914 890 305 of of IN 33914 890 306 the the DT 33914 890 307 Model model NN 33914 890 308 ; ; : 33914 890 309 Each each DT 33914 890 310 Value value NN 33914 890 311 Represents represent VBZ 33914 890 312 a a DT 33914 890 313 Single single JJ 33914 890 314 Test test NN 33914 890 315 Between between IN 33914 890 316 the the DT 33914 890 317 Species Species NNPS 33914 890 318 Involved Involved NNP 33914 890 319 Table table NN 33914 890 320 headings heading NNS 33914 890 321 : : : 33914 890 322 Col Col NNP 33914 890 323 A A NNP 33914 890 324 : : : 33914 890 325 _ _ NNP 33914 890 326 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 890 327 amandava amandava NN 33914 890 328 _ _ NNP 33914 890 329 Col Col NNP 33914 890 330 B B NNP 33914 890 331 : : : 33914 890 332 _ _ NNP 33914 890 333 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 890 334 guttata guttata NN 33914 890 335 _ _ NNP 33914 890 336 Col Col NNP 33914 890 337 C C NNP 33914 890 338 : : : 33914 890 339 _ _ NNP 33914 890 340 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 890 341 rubra rubra NNP 33914 890 342 _ _ NNP 33914 890 343 Col Col NNP 33914 890 344 D D NNP 33914 890 345 : : : 33914 890 346 _ _ NNP 33914 890 347 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 890 348 cardinalis cardinalis NN 33914 890 349 _ _ NNP 33914 890 350 Col Col NNP 33914 890 351 E E NNP 33914 890 352 : : : 33914 890 353 _ _ NNP 33914 890 354 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 890 355 tristis tristis NN 33914 890 356 _ _ NNP 33914 890 357 Col Col NNP 33914 890 358 F F NNP 33914 890 359 : : : 33914 890 360 _ _ NNP 33914 890 361 Junco Junco NNP 33914 890 362 hyemalis hyemalis NN 33914 890 363 _ _ NNP 33914 890 364 Col Col NNP 33914 890 365 G G NNP 33914 890 366 : : : 33914 890 367 _ _ NNP 33914 890 368 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 890 369 querula querula NN 33914 890 370 _ _ NNP 33914 890 371 = = SYM 33914 890 372 = = SYM 33914 890 373 = = SYM 33914 890 374 = = SYM 33914 890 375 = = SYM 33914 890 376 = = SYM 33914 890 377 = = SYM 33914 890 378 = = SYM 33914 890 379 = = SYM 33914 890 380 = = SYM 33914 890 381 = = SYM 33914 890 382 = = SYM 33914 890 383 = = SYM 33914 890 384 = = SYM 33914 890 385 = = SYM 33914 890 386 = = SYM 33914 890 387 = = SYM 33914 890 388 = = SYM 33914 890 389 = = SYM 33914 890 390 = = SYM 33914 890 391 = = SYM 33914 890 392 = = SYM 33914 890 393 = = SYM 33914 890 394 = = SYM 33914 890 395 = = NFP 33914 890 396 = = SYM 33914 890 397 + + SYM 33914 890 398 = = SYM 33914 890 399 = = SYM 33914 890 400 = = NFP 33914 890 401 = = SYM 33914 890 402 + + SYM 33914 890 403 = = SYM 33914 890 404 = = SYM 33914 890 405 = = NFP 33914 890 406 = = SYM 33914 890 407 + + SYM 33914 890 408 = = SYM 33914 890 409 = = SYM 33914 890 410 = = NFP 33914 890 411 = = SYM 33914 890 412 + + SYM 33914 890 413 = = SYM 33914 890 414 = = SYM 33914 890 415 = = NFP 33914 890 416 = = SYM 33914 890 417 + + SYM 33914 890 418 = = SYM 33914 890 419 = = SYM 33914 890 420 = = NFP 33914 890 421 = = SYM 33914 890 422 + + SYM 33914 890 423 = = SYM 33914 890 424 = = SYM 33914 890 425 = = NFP 33914 890 426 = = SYM 33914 890 427 + + SYM 33914 890 428 = = SYM 33914 890 429 = = SYM 33914 890 430 = = SYM 33914 890 431 = = SYM 33914 890 432 + + CC 33914 890 433 | | NNP 33914 890 434 A A NNP 33914 890 435 | | NNP 33914 890 436 B B NNP 33914 890 437 | | NNP 33914 890 438 C C NNP 33914 890 439 | | NNP 33914 890 440 D D NNP 33914 890 441 | | NNP 33914 890 442 E E NNP 33914 890 443 | | NNP 33914 890 444 F F NNP 33914 890 445 | | NNP 33914 890 446 G G NNP 33914 890 447 | | NNP 33914 890 448 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ NNP 33914 890 449 _ _ NNP 33914 890 450 Passer Passer NNP 33914 890 451 domesticus domesticus NNP 33914 890 452 _ _ NNP 33914 890 453 | | NNP 33914 890 454 .. .. NFP 33914 890 455 | | CD 33914 890 456 74 74 CD 33914 890 457 | | CD 33914 890 458 73 73 CD 33914 890 459 | | CD 33914 890 460 .. .. NFP 33914 890 461 | | CD 33914 890 462 72 72 CD 33914 890 463 | | CD 33914 890 464 .. .. NFP 33914 890 465 | | NNP 33914 890 466 .. .. NFP 33914 890 467 | | NNP 33914 890 468 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -LRB- 33914 890 469 _ _ NNP 33914 890 470 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 890 471 ater ater NN 33914 890 472 _ _ NNP 33914 890 473 | | NNP 33914 890 474 .. .. NNP 33914 890 475 | | NNP 33914 890 476 54 54 CD 33914 890 477 | | CD 33914 890 478 .. .. CD 33914 890 479 | | CD 33914 890 480 65 65 CD 33914 890 481 | | CD 33914 890 482 .. .. NFP 33914 890 483 | | NNP 33914 890 484 69 69 CD 33914 890 485 | | CD 33914 890 486 75 75 CD 33914 890 487 | | CD 33914 890 488 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ NN 33914 890 489 _ _ NNP 33914 890 490 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 890 491 rubra rubra NNP 33914 890 492 _ _ NNP 33914 890 493 | | NNP 33914 890 494 .. .. NNP 33914 890 495 | | CD 33914 890 496 77 77 CD 33914 890 497 | | CD 33914 890 498 .. .. CD 33914 890 499 | | CD 33914 890 500 91 91 CD 33914 890 501 | | CD 33914 890 502 73 73 CD 33914 890 503 | | CD 33914 890 504 74 74 CD 33914 890 505 | | CD 33914 890 506 .. .. NFP 33914 890 507 | | NNP 33914 890 508 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -LRB- 33914 890 509 _ _ NNP 33914 890 510 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 890 511 purpureus purpureus NN 33914 890 512 _ _ NNP 33914 890 513 | | NNP 33914 890 514 70 70 CD 33914 890 515 | | CD 33914 890 516 71 71 CD 33914 890 517 | | CD 33914 890 518 .. .. NFP 33914 890 519 | | CD 33914 890 520 61 61 CD 33914 890 521 | | CD 33914 890 522 93 93 CD 33914 890 523 | | CD 33914 890 524 .. .. NFP 33914 890 525 | | NNP 33914 890 526 .. .. NFP 33914 890 527 | | NNS 33914 890 528 --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ --------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ . 33914 890 529 [ [ -LRB- 33914 890 530 Illustration illustration NN 33914 890 531 : : : 33914 890 532 FIGS FIGS NNP 33914 890 533 . . . 33914 891 1 10 10 CD 33914 891 2 - - SYM 33914 891 3 13 13 CD 33914 891 4 . . . 33914 892 1 Graphs Graphs NNP 33914 892 2 of of IN 33914 892 3 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 892 4 reactions reaction NNS 33914 892 5 illustrating illustrate VBG 33914 892 6 effects effect NNS 33914 892 7 of of IN 33914 892 8 formalin formalin NN 33914 892 9 on on IN 33914 892 10 antigenicity antigenicity NN 33914 892 11 and and CC 33914 892 12 reactivity reactivity NN 33914 892 13 of of IN 33914 892 14 the the DT 33914 892 15 extracts extract NNS 33914 892 16 . . . 33914 893 1 For for IN 33914 893 2 further further JJ 33914 893 3 information information NN 33914 893 4 , , , 33914 893 5 see see VB 33914 893 6 text text NN 33914 893 7 , , , 33914 893 8 pp pp NNP 33914 893 9 . . . 33914 894 1 190 190 CD 33914 894 2 - - SYM 33914 894 3 193 193 CD 33914 894 4 . . . 33914 895 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 895 2 . . . 33914 896 1 10 10 CD 33914 896 2 . . . 33914 897 1 Reactions reaction NNS 33914 897 2 of of IN 33914 897 3 unformolized unformolized JJ 33914 897 4 antigens antigen NNS 33914 897 5 of of IN 33914 897 6 _ _ NNP 33914 897 7 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 897 8 _ _ NNP 33914 897 9 , , , 33914 897 10 _ _ NNP 33914 897 11 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 897 12 _ _ NNP 33914 897 13 , , , 33914 897 14 and and CC 33914 897 15 _ _ NNP 33914 897 16 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 897 17 _ _ NNP 33914 897 18 with with IN 33914 897 19 anti-_Richmondena anti-_Richmondena NNP 33914 897 20 _ _ NNP 33914 897 21 serum serum NN 33914 897 22 . . . 33914 898 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 898 2 . . . 33914 899 1 11 11 CD 33914 899 2 . . . 33914 900 1 Reactions reaction NNS 33914 900 2 of of IN 33914 900 3 formolized formolized JJ 33914 900 4 antigens antigen NNS 33914 900 5 of of IN 33914 900 6 _ _ NNP 33914 900 7 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 900 8 _ _ NNP 33914 900 9 , , , 33914 900 10 _ _ NNP 33914 900 11 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 900 12 _ _ NNP 33914 900 13 , , , 33914 900 14 and and CC 33914 900 15 _ _ NNP 33914 900 16 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 900 17 _ _ NNP 33914 900 18 with with IN 33914 900 19 anti-_Richmondena anti-_Richmondena NNP 33914 900 20 _ _ NNP 33914 900 21 serum serum NN 33914 900 22 . . . 33914 901 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 901 2 . . . 33914 902 1 12 12 CD 33914 902 2 . . . 33914 903 1 Reactions reaction NNS 33914 903 2 of of IN 33914 903 3 anti-_Richmondena anti-_Richmondena NNP 33914 903 4 _ _ NNP 33914 903 5 serum serum NN 33914 903 6 prepared prepare VBD 33914 903 7 against against IN 33914 903 8 native native JJ 33914 903 9 antigen antigen NN 33914 903 10 with with IN 33914 903 11 antigens antigen NNS 33914 903 12 of of IN 33914 903 13 _ _ NNP 33914 903 14 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 903 15 _ _ NNP 33914 903 16 , , , 33914 903 17 _ _ NNP 33914 903 18 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 903 19 _ _ NNP 33914 903 20 , , , 33914 903 21 _ _ NNP 33914 903 22 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 903 23 _ _ NNP 33914 903 24 , , , 33914 903 25 and and CC 33914 903 26 _ _ NNP 33914 903 27 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 903 28 _ _ NNP 33914 903 29 . . . 33914 904 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 904 2 . . . 33914 905 1 13 13 CD 33914 905 2 . . . 33914 906 1 Reactions reaction NNS 33914 906 2 of of IN 33914 906 3 anti-_Richmondena anti-_Richmondena NNP 33914 906 4 _ _ NNP 33914 906 5 serum serum NN 33914 906 6 prepared prepare VBD 33914 906 7 against against IN 33914 906 8 formolized formolize VBN 33914 906 9 antigen antigen NN 33914 906 10 with with IN 33914 906 11 antigens antigen NNS 33914 906 12 of of IN 33914 906 13 _ _ NNP 33914 906 14 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 906 15 _ _ NNP 33914 906 16 , , , 33914 906 17 _ _ NNP 33914 906 18 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 906 19 _ _ NNP 33914 906 20 , , , 33914 906 21 _ _ NNP 33914 906 22 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 906 23 _ _ NNP 33914 906 24 , , , 33914 906 25 _ _ NNP 33914 906 26 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 906 27 _ _ NNP 33914 906 28 , , , 33914 906 29 and and CC 33914 906 30 _ _ NNP 33914 906 31 Myiarchus Myiarchus NNP 33914 906 32 _ _ NNP 33914 906 33 . . . 33914 906 34 ] ] -RRB- 33914 907 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 907 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 907 3 : : : 33914 907 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 33914 907 5 . . . 33914 908 1 14 14 CD 33914 908 2 - - SYM 33914 908 3 17 17 CD 33914 908 4 . . . 33914 909 1 Graphs Graphs NNP 33914 909 2 of of IN 33914 909 3 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 909 4 reactions reaction NNS 33914 909 5 illustrating illustrate VBG 33914 909 6 serological serological JJ 33914 909 7 relationships relationship NNS 33914 909 8 . . . 33914 910 1 For for IN 33914 910 2 further further JJ 33914 910 3 explanation explanation NN 33914 910 4 , , , 33914 910 5 see see VB 33914 910 6 text text NNP 33914 910 7 , , , 33914 910 8 pp pp NNP 33914 910 9 . . . 33914 911 1 190 190 CD 33914 911 2 - - SYM 33914 911 3 193 193 CD 33914 911 4 . . . 33914 912 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 912 2 . . . 33914 913 1 14 14 CD 33914 913 2 . . . 33914 914 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 914 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 914 3 of of IN 33914 914 4 _ _ NNP 33914 914 5 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 914 6 _ _ NNP 33914 914 7 , , , 33914 914 8 _ _ NNP 33914 914 9 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 914 10 _ _ NNP 33914 914 11 , , , 33914 914 12 and and CC 33914 914 13 _ _ NNP 33914 914 14 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 914 15 _ _ NNP 33914 914 16 . . . 33914 915 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 915 2 . . . 33914 916 1 15 15 CD 33914 916 2 . . . 33914 917 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 917 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 917 3 of of IN 33914 917 4 _ _ NNP 33914 917 5 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 917 6 _ _ NNP 33914 917 7 , , , 33914 917 8 _ _ NNP 33914 917 9 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 917 10 _ _ NNP 33914 917 11 , , , 33914 917 12 and and CC 33914 917 13 _ _ NNP 33914 917 14 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 917 15 _ _ NNP 33914 917 16 . . . 33914 918 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 918 2 . . . 33914 919 1 16 16 CD 33914 919 2 . . . 33914 920 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 920 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 920 3 of of IN 33914 920 4 _ _ NNP 33914 920 5 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 920 6 _ _ NNP 33914 920 7 with with IN 33914 920 8 the the DT 33914 920 9 richmondenine richmondenine JJ 33914 920 10 - - HYPH 33914 920 11 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 920 12 - - HYPH 33914 920 13 thraupid thraupid NN 33914 920 14 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 920 15 . . . 33914 921 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 921 2 . . . 33914 922 1 17 17 CD 33914 922 2 . . . 33914 923 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 923 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 923 3 of of IN 33914 923 4 _ _ NNP 33914 923 5 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 923 6 _ _ NNP 33914 923 7 and and CC 33914 923 8 _ _ NNP 33914 923 9 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 923 10 _ _ NNP 33914 923 11 with with IN 33914 923 12 _ _ NNP 33914 923 13 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 923 14 _ _ NNP 33914 923 15 and and CC 33914 923 16 _ _ NNP 33914 923 17 Junco Junco NNP 33914 923 18 _ _ NNP 33914 923 19 . . . 33914 923 20 ] ] -RRB- 33914 924 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 924 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 924 3 : : : 33914 924 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 33914 924 5 . . . 33914 925 1 18 18 CD 33914 925 2 - - SYM 33914 925 3 21 21 CD 33914 925 4 . . . 33914 926 1 Graphs Graphs NNP 33914 926 2 of of IN 33914 926 3 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 926 4 reactions reaction NNS 33914 926 5 illustrating illustrate VBG 33914 926 6 serological serological JJ 33914 926 7 relationships relationship NNS 33914 926 8 . . . 33914 927 1 For for IN 33914 927 2 further further JJ 33914 927 3 explanation explanation NN 33914 927 4 , , , 33914 927 5 see see VB 33914 927 6 text text NNP 33914 927 7 , , , 33914 927 8 pp pp NNP 33914 927 9 . . . 33914 928 1 190 190 CD 33914 928 2 - - SYM 33914 928 3 193 193 CD 33914 928 4 . . . 33914 929 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 929 2 . . . 33914 930 1 18 18 CD 33914 930 2 . . . 33914 931 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 931 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 931 3 of of IN 33914 931 4 _ _ NNP 33914 931 5 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 931 6 _ _ NNP 33914 931 7 and and CC 33914 931 8 _ _ NNP 33914 931 9 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 931 10 _ _ NNP 33914 931 11 with with IN 33914 931 12 the the DT 33914 931 13 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 931 14 . . . 33914 932 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 932 2 . . . 33914 933 1 19 19 CD 33914 933 2 . . . 33914 934 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 934 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 934 3 of of IN 33914 934 4 _ _ NNP 33914 934 5 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 934 6 _ _ NNP 33914 934 7 and and CC 33914 934 8 _ _ NNP 33914 934 9 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 934 10 _ _ NNP 33914 934 11 with with IN 33914 934 12 _ _ NNP 33914 934 13 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 934 14 _ _ NNP 33914 934 15 and and CC 33914 934 16 _ _ NNP 33914 934 17 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 934 18 _ _ NNP 33914 934 19 . . . 33914 935 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 935 2 . . . 33914 936 1 20 20 CD 33914 936 2 . . . 33914 937 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 937 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 937 3 of of IN 33914 937 4 _ _ NNP 33914 937 5 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 937 6 _ _ NNP 33914 937 7 and and CC 33914 937 8 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 937 9 with with IN 33914 937 10 the the DT 33914 937 11 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 937 12 . . . 33914 938 1 FIG FIG NNP 33914 938 2 . . . 33914 939 1 21 21 CD 33914 939 2 . . . 33914 940 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 940 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 940 3 of of IN 33914 940 4 _ _ NNP 33914 940 5 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 940 6 _ _ NNP 33914 940 7 and and CC 33914 940 8 _ _ NNP 33914 940 9 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 940 10 _ _ NNP 33914 940 11 with with IN 33914 940 12 the the DT 33914 940 13 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 940 14 . . . 33914 940 15 ] ] -RRB- 33914 941 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 941 2 Illustration illustration NN 33914 941 3 : : : 33914 941 4 FIG FIG NNP 33914 941 5 . . . 33914 942 1 22 22 CD 33914 942 2 . . . 33914 943 1 Two two CD 33914 943 2 views view NNS 33914 943 3 of of IN 33914 943 4 a a DT 33914 943 5 model model NN 33914 943 6 illustrating illustrate VBG 33914 943 7 serological serological JJ 33914 943 8 relationships relationship NNS 33914 943 9 among among IN 33914 943 10 fringillid fringillid JJ 33914 943 11 and and CC 33914 943 12 related relate VBN 33914 943 13 birds bird NNS 33914 943 14 . . . 33914 944 1 For for IN 33914 944 2 further further JJ 33914 944 3 explanation explanation NN 33914 944 4 , , , 33914 944 5 see see VB 33914 944 6 text text NNP 33914 944 7 , , , 33914 944 8 pp pp NNP 33914 944 9 . . . 33914 945 1 193 193 CD 33914 945 2 - - SYM 33914 945 3 194 194 CD 33914 945 4 . . . 33914 946 1 Genera Genera NNP 33914 946 2 Pi Pi NNP 33914 946 3 . . . 33914 947 1 . . . 33914 948 1 . . . 33914 949 1 . . . 33914 950 1 _ _ NNP 33914 950 2 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 950 3 _ _ NNP 33914 950 4 C C NNP 33914 950 5 . . . 33914 951 1 . . . 33914 952 1 . . . 33914 953 1 . . . 33914 954 1 _ _ NNP 33914 954 2 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 954 3 _ _ NNP 33914 954 4 Po Po NNP 33914 954 5 . . . 33914 955 1 . . . 33914 956 1 . . . 33914 957 1 . . . 33914 958 1 _ _ NNP 33914 958 2 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 958 3 _ _ NNP 33914 958 4 E E NNP 33914 958 5 . . . 33914 959 1 . . . 33914 960 1 . . . 33914 961 1 . . . 33914 962 1 _ _ NNP 33914 962 2 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 962 3 _ _ NNP 33914 962 4 R R NNP 33914 962 5 . . . 33914 963 1 . . . 33914 964 1 . . . 33914 965 1 . . . 33914 966 1 _ _ NNP 33914 966 2 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 966 3 _ _ NNP 33914 966 4 J J NNP 33914 966 5 . . . 33914 967 1 . . . 33914 968 1 . . . 33914 969 1 . . . 33914 970 1 _ _ NNP 33914 970 2 Junco Junco NNP 33914 970 3 _ _ NNP 33914 970 4 Sn Sn NNP 33914 970 5 . . . 33914 971 1 . . . 33914 972 1 . . . 33914 973 1 . . . 33914 974 1 _ _ NNP 33914 974 2 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 974 3 _ _ NNP 33914 974 4 M M NNP 33914 974 5 . . . 33914 975 1 . . . 33914 976 1 . . . 33914 977 1 . . . 33914 978 1 _ _ NNP 33914 978 2 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 978 3 _ _ NNP 33914 978 4 Sz Sz NNP 33914 978 5 . . . 33914 979 1 . . . 33914 980 1 . . . 33914 981 1 . . . 33914 982 1 _ _ NNP 33914 982 2 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 982 3 _ _ NNP 33914 982 4 Pa Pa NNP 33914 982 5 . . . 33914 983 1 . . . 33914 984 1 . . . 33914 985 1 . . . 33914 986 1 _ _ NNP 33914 986 2 Passer Passer NNP 33914 986 3 _ _ NNP 33914 986 4 Z Z NNP 33914 986 5 . . . 33914 987 1 . . . 33914 988 1 . . . 33914 989 1 . . . 33914 990 1 _ _ NNP 33914 990 2 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 990 3 _ _ NNP 33914 990 4 ] ] -RRB- 33914 990 5 [ [ -LRB- 33914 990 6 Illustration illustration NN 33914 990 7 : : : 33914 990 8 FIG FIG NNP 33914 990 9 . . . 33914 991 1 23 23 CD 33914 991 2 . . . 33914 992 1 Two two CD 33914 992 2 additional additional JJ 33914 992 3 views view NNS 33914 992 4 of of IN 33914 992 5 the the DT 33914 992 6 model model NN 33914 992 7 shown show VBN 33914 992 8 in in IN 33914 992 9 fig fig NN 33914 992 10 . . . 33914 993 1 22 22 CD 33914 993 2 illustrating illustrate VBG 33914 993 3 serological serological JJ 33914 993 4 relationships relationship NNS 33914 993 5 among among IN 33914 993 6 fringillid fringillid JJ 33914 993 7 and and CC 33914 993 8 related relate VBN 33914 993 9 birds bird NNS 33914 993 10 . . . 33914 994 1 For for IN 33914 994 2 further further JJ 33914 994 3 explanation explanation NN 33914 994 4 , , , 33914 994 5 see see VB 33914 994 6 text text NNP 33914 994 7 , , , 33914 994 8 pp pp NNP 33914 994 9 . . . 33914 995 1 193 193 CD 33914 995 2 - - SYM 33914 995 3 194 194 CD 33914 995 4 . . . 33914 996 1 Genera Genera NNP 33914 996 2 Pi Pi NNP 33914 996 3 . . . 33914 997 1 . . . 33914 998 1 . . . 33914 999 1 . . . 33914 1000 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1000 2 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 1000 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1000 4 C C NNP 33914 1000 5 . . . 33914 1001 1 . . . 33914 1002 1 . . . 33914 1003 1 . . . 33914 1004 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1004 2 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 1004 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1004 4 Po Po NNP 33914 1004 5 . . . 33914 1005 1 . . . 33914 1006 1 . . . 33914 1007 1 . . . 33914 1008 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1008 2 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 1008 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1008 4 E E NNP 33914 1008 5 . . . 33914 1009 1 . . . 33914 1010 1 . . . 33914 1011 1 . . . 33914 1012 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1012 2 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 1012 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1012 4 R R NNP 33914 1012 5 . . . 33914 1013 1 . . . 33914 1014 1 . . . 33914 1015 1 . . . 33914 1016 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1016 2 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 1016 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1016 4 J J NNP 33914 1016 5 . . . 33914 1017 1 . . . 33914 1018 1 . . . 33914 1019 1 . . . 33914 1020 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1020 2 Junco Junco NNP 33914 1020 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1020 4 Sn Sn NNP 33914 1020 5 . . . 33914 1021 1 . . . 33914 1022 1 . . . 33914 1023 1 . . . 33914 1024 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1024 2 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 1024 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1024 4 M M NNP 33914 1024 5 . . . 33914 1025 1 . . . 33914 1026 1 . . . 33914 1027 1 . . . 33914 1028 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1028 2 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1028 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1028 4 Sz Sz NNP 33914 1028 5 . . . 33914 1029 1 . . . 33914 1030 1 . . . 33914 1031 1 . . . 33914 1032 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1032 2 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1032 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1032 4 Pa Pa NNP 33914 1032 5 . . . 33914 1033 1 . . . 33914 1034 1 . . . 33914 1035 1 . . . 33914 1036 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1036 2 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1036 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1036 4 Z Z NNP 33914 1036 5 . . . 33914 1037 1 . . . 33914 1038 1 . . . 33914 1039 1 . . . 33914 1040 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1040 2 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 1040 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1040 4 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1040 5 Within within IN 33914 1040 6 the the DT 33914 1040 7 richmondenine richmondenine JJ 33914 1040 8 - - HYPH 33914 1040 9 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 1040 10 - - HYPH 33914 1040 11 thraupid thraupid NN 33914 1040 12 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1040 13 , , , 33914 1040 14 _ _ NNP 33914 1040 15 Junco Junco NNP 33914 1040 16 _ _ NNP 33914 1040 17 and and CC 33914 1040 18 _ _ NNP 33914 1040 19 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 1040 20 _ _ NNP 33914 1040 21 constitute constitute VBP 33914 1040 22 a a DT 33914 1040 23 sub sub NN 33914 1040 24 - - NN 33914 1040 25 group group NN 33914 1040 26 apart apart RB 33914 1040 27 from from IN 33914 1040 28 the the DT 33914 1040 29 others other NNS 33914 1040 30 . . . 33914 1041 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1041 2 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 1041 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1041 4 and and CC 33914 1041 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1041 6 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 1041 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1041 8 show show VBP 33914 1041 9 close close JJ 33914 1041 10 serological serological JJ 33914 1041 11 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 1041 12 . . . 33914 1042 1 The the DT 33914 1042 2 present present JJ 33914 1042 3 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 1042 4 position position NN 33914 1042 5 of of IN 33914 1042 6 _ _ NNP 33914 1042 7 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1042 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1042 9 in in IN 33914 1042 10 the the DT 33914 1042 11 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1042 12 , , , 33914 1042 13 which which WDT 33914 1042 14 has have VBZ 33914 1042 15 been be VBN 33914 1042 16 questioned question VBN 33914 1042 17 by by IN 33914 1042 18 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1042 19 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1042 20 1951a:431 1951a:431 CD 33914 1042 21 ; ; : 33914 1042 22 1953:309 1953:309 CD 33914 1042 23 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1042 24 , , , 33914 1042 25 is be VBZ 33914 1042 26 corroborated corroborate VBN 33914 1042 27 at at IN 33914 1042 28 least least RBS 33914 1042 29 insofar insofar RB 33914 1042 30 as as IN 33914 1042 31 the the DT 33914 1042 32 serological serological JJ 33914 1042 33 evidence evidence NN 33914 1042 34 is be VBZ 33914 1042 35 concerned concern VBN 33914 1042 36 . . . 33914 1043 1 Certainly certainly RB 33914 1043 2 , , , 33914 1043 3 serological serological JJ 33914 1043 4 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 1043 5 of of IN 33914 1043 6 _ _ NNP 33914 1043 7 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1043 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1043 9 with with IN 33914 1043 10 the the DT 33914 1043 11 richmondenine richmondenine JJ 33914 1043 12 - - HYPH 33914 1043 13 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 1043 14 - - HYPH 33914 1043 15 thraupid thraupid NN 33914 1043 16 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1043 17 is be VBZ 33914 1043 18 greater great JJR 33914 1043 19 than than IN 33914 1043 20 with with IN 33914 1043 21 any any DT 33914 1043 22 other other JJ 33914 1043 23 group group NN 33914 1043 24 of of IN 33914 1043 25 birds bird NNS 33914 1043 26 tested test VBN 33914 1043 27 . . . 33914 1044 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1044 2 is be VBZ 33914 1044 3 obvious obvious JJ 33914 1044 4 that that IN 33914 1044 5 the the DT 33914 1044 6 serological serological JJ 33914 1044 7 affinities affinity NNS 33914 1044 8 of of IN 33914 1044 9 the the DT 33914 1044 10 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1044 11 do do VBP 33914 1044 12 not not RB 33914 1044 13 lie lie VB 33914 1044 14 with with IN 33914 1044 15 the the DT 33914 1044 16 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1044 17 , , , 33914 1044 18 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1044 19 , , , 33914 1044 20 or or CC 33914 1044 21 thraupids thraupid NNS 33914 1044 22 . . . 33914 1045 1 The the DT 33914 1045 2 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1045 3 show show VBP 33914 1045 4 greater great JJR 33914 1045 5 serological serological JJ 33914 1045 6 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 1045 7 with with IN 33914 1045 8 the the DT 33914 1045 9 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1045 10 than than IN 33914 1045 11 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1045 12 do do VBP 33914 1045 13 with with IN 33914 1045 14 any any DT 33914 1045 15 of of IN 33914 1045 16 the the DT 33914 1045 17 other other JJ 33914 1045 18 groups group NNS 33914 1045 19 tested test VBD 33914 1045 20 . . . 33914 1046 1 Further further JJ 33914 1046 2 serological serological JJ 33914 1046 3 investigation investigation NN 33914 1046 4 involving involve VBG 33914 1046 5 other other JJ 33914 1046 6 species specie NNS 33914 1046 7 , , , 33914 1046 8 however however RB 33914 1046 9 , , , 33914 1046 10 is be VBZ 33914 1046 11 necessary necessary JJ 33914 1046 12 before before IN 33914 1046 13 the the DT 33914 1046 14 nearest near JJS 33914 1046 15 relatives relative NNS 33914 1046 16 of of IN 33914 1046 17 the the DT 33914 1046 18 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1046 19 can can MD 33914 1046 20 be be VB 33914 1046 21 determined determine VBN 33914 1046 22 with with IN 33914 1046 23 certainty certainty NN 33914 1046 24 . . . 33914 1047 1 The the DT 33914 1047 2 two two CD 33914 1047 3 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1047 4 tested test VBN 33914 1047 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1047 6 _ _ NNP 33914 1047 7 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 1047 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1047 9 and and CC 33914 1047 10 _ _ NNP 33914 1047 11 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 1047 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1047 13 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1047 14 show show VBP 33914 1047 15 close close JJ 33914 1047 16 serological serological JJ 33914 1047 17 relationship relationship NN 33914 1047 18 . . . 33914 1048 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1048 2 nearest near JJS 33914 1048 3 relatives relative NNS 33914 1048 4 , , , 33914 1048 5 serologically serologically RB 33914 1048 6 , , , 33914 1048 7 seem seem VBP 33914 1048 8 to to TO 33914 1048 9 be be VB 33914 1048 10 the the DT 33914 1048 11 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1048 12 . . . 33914 1049 1 The the DT 33914 1049 2 classification classification NN 33914 1049 3 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1049 4 Wetmore Wetmore NNP 33914 1049 5 , , , 33914 1049 6 1951 1951 CD 33914 1049 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1049 8 that that WDT 33914 1049 9 places place VBZ 33914 1049 10 _ _ NNP 33914 1049 11 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1049 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1049 13 in in IN 33914 1049 14 the the DT 33914 1049 15 same same JJ 33914 1049 16 family family NN 33914 1049 17 with with IN 33914 1049 18 the the DT 33914 1049 19 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1049 20 is be VBZ 33914 1049 21 not not RB 33914 1049 22 upheld uphold VBN 33914 1049 23 by by IN 33914 1049 24 the the DT 33914 1049 25 serological serological JJ 33914 1049 26 data datum NNS 33914 1049 27 available available JJ 33914 1049 28 . . . 33914 1050 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1050 2 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1050 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1050 4 is be VBZ 33914 1050 5 not not RB 33914 1050 6 , , , 33914 1050 7 serologically serologically RB 33914 1050 8 , , , 33914 1050 9 closely closely RB 33914 1050 10 related related JJ 33914 1050 11 to to IN 33914 1050 12 any any DT 33914 1050 13 of of IN 33914 1050 14 the the DT 33914 1050 15 birds bird NNS 33914 1050 16 tested test VBN 33914 1050 17 . . . 33914 1051 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1051 2 is be VBZ 33914 1051 3 of of IN 33914 1051 4 interest interest NN 33914 1051 5 that that WDT 33914 1051 6 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1051 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1051 8 1953:303 1953:303 CD 33914 1051 9 - - SYM 33914 1051 10 305 305 CD 33914 1051 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1051 12 , , , 33914 1051 13 on on IN 33914 1051 14 the the DT 33914 1051 15 basis basis NN 33914 1051 16 of of IN 33914 1051 17 jaw jaw NN 33914 1051 18 musculature musculature NN 33914 1051 19 , , , 33914 1051 20 places place NNS 33914 1051 21 _ _ NNP 33914 1051 22 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1051 23 _ _ NNP 33914 1051 24 and and CC 33914 1051 25 the the DT 33914 1051 26 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1051 27 in in IN 33914 1051 28 separate separate JJ 33914 1051 29 families family NNS 33914 1051 30 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1051 31 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1051 32 and and CC 33914 1051 33 Estrildidae Estrildidae NNP 33914 1051 34 , , , 33914 1051 35 respectively respectively RB 33914 1051 36 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1051 37 . . . 33914 1052 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1052 2 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1052 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1052 4 shows show VBZ 33914 1052 5 greater great JJR 33914 1052 6 serological serological JJ 33914 1052 7 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 1052 8 to to IN 33914 1052 9 the the DT 33914 1052 10 richmondenine richmondenine JJ 33914 1052 11 - - HYPH 33914 1052 12 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 1052 13 - - HYPH 33914 1052 14 thraupid thraupid NN 33914 1052 15 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1052 16 than than IN 33914 1052 17 to to IN 33914 1052 18 any any DT 33914 1052 19 of of IN 33914 1052 20 the the DT 33914 1052 21 other other JJ 33914 1052 22 birds bird NNS 33914 1052 23 tested test VBN 33914 1052 24 . . . 33914 1053 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1053 2 is be VBZ 33914 1053 3 definitely definitely RB 33914 1053 4 set set VBN 33914 1053 5 apart apart RB 33914 1053 6 from from IN 33914 1053 7 this this DT 33914 1053 8 group group NN 33914 1053 9 , , , 33914 1053 10 however however RB 33914 1053 11 , , , 33914 1053 12 and and CC 33914 1053 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1053 14 position position NN 33914 1053 15 , , , 33914 1053 16 serologically serologically RB 33914 1053 17 , , , 33914 1053 18 is be VBZ 33914 1053 19 compatible compatible JJ 33914 1053 20 with with IN 33914 1053 21 that that DT 33914 1053 22 based base VBN 33914 1053 23 on on IN 33914 1053 24 evidence evidence NN 33914 1053 25 from from IN 33914 1053 26 other other JJ 33914 1053 27 sources source NNS 33914 1053 28 . . . 33914 1054 1 There there EX 33914 1054 2 seems seem VBZ 33914 1054 3 to to TO 33914 1054 4 be be VB 33914 1054 5 but but CC 33914 1054 6 little little JJ 33914 1054 7 argument argument NN 33914 1054 8 among among IN 33914 1054 9 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 1054 10 that that WDT 33914 1054 11 icterids icterid NNS 33914 1054 12 , , , 33914 1054 13 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 1054 14 , , , 33914 1054 15 and and CC 33914 1054 16 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 1054 17 constitute constitute VBP 33914 1054 18 families family NNS 33914 1054 19 which which WDT 33914 1054 20 are be VBP 33914 1054 21 distinct distinct JJ 33914 1054 22 from from IN 33914 1054 23 one one CD 33914 1054 24 another another DT 33914 1054 25 . . . 33914 1055 1 If if IN 33914 1055 2 , , , 33914 1055 3 then then RB 33914 1055 4 , , , 33914 1055 5 the the DT 33914 1055 6 serological serological JJ 33914 1055 7 differences difference NNS 33914 1055 8 between between IN 33914 1055 9 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 10 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1055 11 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 12 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1055 13 Icteridae Icteridae NNP 33914 1055 14 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1055 15 and and CC 33914 1055 16 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 17 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 1055 18 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 19 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1055 20 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1055 21 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1055 22 , , , 33914 1055 23 between between IN 33914 1055 24 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 25 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1055 26 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 27 and and CC 33914 1055 28 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 29 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 1055 30 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 31 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1055 32 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1055 33 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1055 34 , , , 33914 1055 35 and and CC 33914 1055 36 between between IN 33914 1055 37 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 38 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 1055 39 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 40 and and CC 33914 1055 41 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 42 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 1055 43 _ _ NNP 33914 1055 44 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1055 45 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1055 46 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1055 47 are be VBP 33914 1055 48 indicative indicative JJ 33914 1055 49 of of IN 33914 1055 50 family family NN 33914 1055 51 differences difference NNS 33914 1055 52 , , , 33914 1055 53 there there EX 33914 1055 54 are be VBP 33914 1055 55 four four CD 33914 1055 56 families family NNS 33914 1055 57 represented represent VBN 33914 1055 58 by by IN 33914 1055 59 the the DT 33914 1055 60 birds bird NNS 33914 1055 61 involved involve VBN 33914 1055 62 . . . 33914 1056 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 2 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1056 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 4 represents represent VBZ 33914 1056 5 one one CD 33914 1056 6 family family NN 33914 1056 7 ; ; : 33914 1056 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 9 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 1056 10 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 11 , , , 33914 1056 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 13 Richmondena Richmondena NNP 33914 1056 14 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 15 , , , 33914 1056 16 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 17 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1056 18 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 19 , , , 33914 1056 20 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 21 Junco Junco NNP 33914 1056 22 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 23 , , , 33914 1056 24 and and CC 33914 1056 25 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 26 Zonotrichia Zonotrichia NNP 33914 1056 27 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 28 , , , 33914 1056 29 a a DT 33914 1056 30 second second NN 33914 1056 31 ; ; : 33914 1056 32 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 33 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 1056 34 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 35 , , , 33914 1056 36 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 37 Poephila Poephila NNP 33914 1056 38 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 39 , , , 33914 1056 40 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 41 Carpodacus Carpodacus NNP 33914 1056 42 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 43 , , , 33914 1056 44 and and CC 33914 1056 45 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 46 Spinus Spinus NNP 33914 1056 47 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 48 , , , 33914 1056 49 a a DT 33914 1056 50 third third NN 33914 1056 51 ; ; : 33914 1056 52 and and CC 33914 1056 53 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 54 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1056 55 _ _ NNP 33914 1056 56 , , , 33914 1056 57 a a DT 33914 1056 58 fourth fourth JJ 33914 1056 59 . . . 33914 1057 1 CONCLUSIONS conclusion NNS 33914 1057 2 The the DT 33914 1057 3 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN 33914 1057 4 of of IN 33914 1057 5 the the DT 33914 1057 6 Family Family NNP 33914 1057 7 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1057 8 has have VBZ 33914 1057 9 been be VBN 33914 1057 10 emphasized emphasize VBN 33914 1057 11 by by IN 33914 1057 12 many many JJ 33914 1057 13 authors author NNS 33914 1057 14 . . . 33914 1058 1 The the DT 33914 1058 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1058 3 of of IN 33914 1058 4 the the DT 33914 1058 5 species specie NNS 33914 1058 6 now now RB 33914 1058 7 included include VBN 33914 1058 8 in in IN 33914 1058 9 this this DT 33914 1058 10 Family Family NNP 33914 1058 11 have have VBP 33914 1058 12 been be VBN 33914 1058 13 the the DT 33914 1058 14 subject subject NN 33914 1058 15 of of IN 33914 1058 16 much much JJ 33914 1058 17 discussion discussion NN 33914 1058 18 and and CC 33914 1058 19 constitute constitute VB 33914 1058 20 an an DT 33914 1058 21 important important JJ 33914 1058 22 problem problem NN 33914 1058 23 in in IN 33914 1058 24 avian avian JJ 33914 1058 25 systematics systematic NNS 33914 1058 26 . . . 33914 1059 1 Sushkin Sushkin NNP 33914 1059 2 's 's POS 33914 1059 3 studies study NNS 33914 1059 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1059 5 1924 1924 CD 33914 1059 6 , , , 33914 1059 7 1925 1925 CD 33914 1059 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1059 9 of of IN 33914 1059 10 features feature NNS 33914 1059 11 of of IN 33914 1059 12 the the DT 33914 1059 13 horny horny NN 33914 1059 14 and and CC 33914 1059 15 bony bony NN 33914 1059 16 palates palate NNS 33914 1059 17 have have VBP 33914 1059 18 served serve VBN 33914 1059 19 as as IN 33914 1059 20 a a DT 33914 1059 21 basis basis NN 33914 1059 22 for for IN 33914 1059 23 the the DT 33914 1059 24 present present JJ 33914 1059 25 division division NN 33914 1059 26 of of IN 33914 1059 27 the the DT 33914 1059 28 Family Family NNP 33914 1059 29 into into IN 33914 1059 30 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1059 31 . . . 33914 1060 1 Recently recently RB 33914 1060 2 , , , 33914 1060 3 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1060 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1060 5 1951a 1951a NNS 33914 1060 6 , , , 33914 1060 7 1951b 1951b CD 33914 1060 8 , , , 33914 1060 9 1953 1953 CD 33914 1060 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1060 11 and and CC 33914 1060 12 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1060 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1060 14 1954 1954 CD 33914 1060 15 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1060 16 have have VBP 33914 1060 17 used use VBN 33914 1060 18 these these DT 33914 1060 19 features feature NNS 33914 1060 20 and and CC 33914 1060 21 others other NNS 33914 1060 22 which which WDT 33914 1060 23 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1060 24 thought think VBD 33914 1060 25 to to TO 33914 1060 26 be be VB 33914 1060 27 of of IN 33914 1060 28 value value NN 33914 1060 29 in in IN 33914 1060 30 an an DT 33914 1060 31 attempt attempt NN 33914 1060 32 to to TO 33914 1060 33 clarify clarify VB 33914 1060 34 the the DT 33914 1060 35 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1060 36 of of IN 33914 1060 37 the the DT 33914 1060 38 species specie NNS 33914 1060 39 involved involve VBN 33914 1060 40 . . . 33914 1061 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1061 2 's 's POS 33914 1061 3 work work NN 33914 1061 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1061 5 1951a 1951a NNS 33914 1061 6 , , , 33914 1061 7 1951b 1951b CD 33914 1061 8 , , , 33914 1061 9 1953 1953 CD 33914 1061 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1061 11 on on IN 33914 1061 12 jaw jaw NN 33914 1061 13 - - HYPH 33914 1061 14 musculature musculature NN 33914 1061 15 is be VBZ 33914 1061 16 a a DT 33914 1061 17 valuable valuable JJ 33914 1061 18 contribution contribution NN 33914 1061 19 to to IN 33914 1061 20 our -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1061 21 knowledge knowledge NN 33914 1061 22 of of IN 33914 1061 23 the the DT 33914 1061 24 anatomy anatomy NN 33914 1061 25 of of IN 33914 1061 26 passerine passerine NN 33914 1061 27 birds bird NNS 33914 1061 28 . . . 33914 1062 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1062 2 myological myological JJ 33914 1062 3 studies study NNS 33914 1062 4 were be VBD 33914 1062 5 so so RB 33914 1062 6 thorough thorough JJ 33914 1062 7 and and CC 33914 1062 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1062 9 presentation presentation NN 33914 1062 10 so so RB 33914 1062 11 detailed detail VBD 33914 1062 12 that that IN 33914 1062 13 students student NNS 33914 1062 14 who who WP 33914 1062 15 disagree disagree VBP 33914 1062 16 with with IN 33914 1062 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1062 18 interpretations interpretation NNS 33914 1062 19 can can MD 33914 1062 20 draw draw VB 33914 1062 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1062 22 own own JJ 33914 1062 23 conclusions conclusion NNS 33914 1062 24 . . . 33914 1063 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1063 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1063 3 1951b:276 1951b:276 NNP 33914 1063 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1063 5 points point VBZ 33914 1063 6 out out RP 33914 1063 7 that that IN 33914 1063 8 there there EX 33914 1063 9 are be VBP 33914 1063 10 two two CD 33914 1063 11 basic basic JJ 33914 1063 12 types type NNS 33914 1063 13 of of IN 33914 1063 14 skeletal skeletal JJ 33914 1063 15 muscle muscle NN 33914 1063 16 -- -- : 33914 1063 17 those those DT 33914 1063 18 with with IN 33914 1063 19 parallel parallel JJ 33914 1063 20 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1063 21 and and CC 33914 1063 22 those those DT 33914 1063 23 with with IN 33914 1063 24 pinnately pinnately RB 33914 1063 25 arranged arrange VBN 33914 1063 26 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1063 27 . . . 33914 1064 1 The the DT 33914 1064 2 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1064 3 with with IN 33914 1064 4 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 1064 5 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1064 6 seem seem VBP 33914 1064 7 to to TO 33914 1064 8 be be VB 33914 1064 9 more more RBR 33914 1064 10 efficient efficient JJ 33914 1064 11 , , , 33914 1064 12 each each DT 33914 1064 13 muscle muscle NN 33914 1064 14 having have VBG 33914 1064 15 a a DT 33914 1064 16 greater great JJR 33914 1064 17 functional functional JJ 33914 1064 18 cross cross NN 33914 1064 19 section section NN 33914 1064 20 for for IN 33914 1064 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1064 22 bulk bulk NN 33914 1064 23 than than IN 33914 1064 24 does do VBZ 33914 1064 25 one one CD 33914 1064 26 with with IN 33914 1064 27 parallel parallel JJ 33914 1064 28 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1064 29 . . . 33914 1065 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1065 2 assumes assume VBZ 33914 1065 3 that that IN 33914 1065 4 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1065 5 with with IN 33914 1065 6 parallel parallel JJ 33914 1065 7 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1065 8 are be VBP 33914 1065 9 more more RBR 33914 1065 10 primitive primitive JJ 33914 1065 11 , , , 33914 1065 12 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB 33914 1065 13 , , , 33914 1065 14 than than IN 33914 1065 15 are be VBP 33914 1065 16 those those DT 33914 1065 17 with with IN 33914 1065 18 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1065 19 arranged arrange VBN 33914 1065 20 pinnately pinnately RB 33914 1065 21 . . . 33914 1066 1 Since since IN 33914 1066 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1066 3 study study NN 33914 1066 4 of of IN 33914 1066 5 the the DT 33914 1066 6 jaw jaw NN 33914 1066 7 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1066 8 of of IN 33914 1066 9 the the DT 33914 1066 10 Icteridae Icteridae NNP 33914 1066 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1066 12 1951a 1951a CD 33914 1066 13 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1066 14 revealed reveal VBD 33914 1066 15 that that IN 33914 1066 16 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1066 17 of of IN 33914 1066 18 jaw jaw NN 33914 1066 19 - - HYPH 33914 1066 20 musculature musculature NN 33914 1066 21 within within IN 33914 1066 22 this this DT 33914 1066 23 Family Family NNP 33914 1066 24 remain remain VBP 33914 1066 25 constant constant JJ 33914 1066 26 regardless regardless RB 33914 1066 27 of of IN 33914 1066 28 the the DT 33914 1066 29 methods method NNS 33914 1066 30 used use VBN 33914 1066 31 in in IN 33914 1066 32 procuring procure VBG 33914 1066 33 food food NN 33914 1066 34 , , , 33914 1066 35 he -PRON- PRP 33914 1066 36 assumes assume VBZ 33914 1066 37 that that IN 33914 1066 38 such such JJ 33914 1066 39 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1066 40 may may MD 33914 1066 41 be be VB 33914 1066 42 used use VBN 33914 1066 43 as as IN 33914 1066 44 indicators indicator NNS 33914 1066 45 of of IN 33914 1066 46 relationship relationship NN 33914 1066 47 throughout throughout IN 33914 1066 48 the the DT 33914 1066 49 entire entire JJ 33914 1066 50 oscinine oscinine NN 33914 1066 51 group group NN 33914 1066 52 . . . 33914 1067 1 These these DT 33914 1067 2 two two CD 33914 1067 3 assumptions assumption NNS 33914 1067 4 , , , 33914 1067 5 then then RB 33914 1067 6 , , , 33914 1067 7 serve serve VB 33914 1067 8 as as IN 33914 1067 9 the the DT 33914 1067 10 basis basis NN 33914 1067 11 for for IN 33914 1067 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1067 13 hypothesis hypothesis NN 33914 1067 14 concerning concern VBG 33914 1067 15 relationship relationship NN 33914 1067 16 and and CC 33914 1067 17 phylogeny phylogeny VB 33914 1067 18 within within IN 33914 1067 19 this this DT 33914 1067 20 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1067 21 . . . 33914 1068 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1068 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1068 3 1951b:278 1951b:278 CD 33914 1068 4 - - SYM 33914 1068 5 280 280 CD 33914 1068 6 ; ; : 33914 1068 7 1953:310 1953:310 CD 33914 1068 8 - - SYM 33914 1068 9 312 312 CD 33914 1068 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1068 11 maintains maintain VBZ 33914 1068 12 that that IN 33914 1068 13 within within IN 33914 1068 14 the the DT 33914 1068 15 Family Family NNP 33914 1068 16 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1068 17 there there EX 33914 1068 18 are be VBP 33914 1068 19 two two CD 33914 1068 20 main main JJ 33914 1068 21 lines line NNS 33914 1068 22 which which WDT 33914 1068 23 lead lead VBP 33914 1068 24 with with IN 33914 1068 25 almost almost RB 33914 1068 26 no no DT 33914 1068 27 disjunction disjunction NN 33914 1068 28 to to IN 33914 1068 29 the the DT 33914 1068 30 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1068 31 and and CC 33914 1068 32 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1068 33 . . . 33914 1069 1 The the DT 33914 1069 2 thraupid thraupid JJ 33914 1069 3 - - HYPH 33914 1069 4 richmondenine richmondenine NN 33914 1069 5 line line NN 33914 1069 6 involves involve VBZ 33914 1069 7 a a DT 33914 1069 8 shift shift NN 33914 1069 9 in in IN 33914 1069 10 the the DT 33914 1069 11 nature nature NN 33914 1069 12 of of IN 33914 1069 13 the the DT 33914 1069 14 _ _ NNP 33914 1069 15 m. m. NN 33914 1070 1 adductor adductor NNP 33914 1070 2 mandibulae mandibulae NNP 33914 1070 3 externus externus NNP 33914 1070 4 superficialis superficialis NNPS 33914 1070 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1070 6 , , , 33914 1070 7 which which WDT 33914 1070 8 becomes become VBZ 33914 1070 9 more more JJR 33914 1070 10 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 1070 11 in in IN 33914 1070 12 the the DT 33914 1070 13 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1070 14 . . . 33914 1071 1 This this DT 33914 1071 2 results result VBZ 33914 1071 3 in in IN 33914 1071 4 greater great JJR 33914 1071 5 crushing crushing NN 33914 1071 6 power power NN 33914 1071 7 . . . 33914 1072 1 The the DT 33914 1072 2 thraupid thraupid JJ 33914 1072 3 - - HYPH 33914 1072 4 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 1072 5 line line NN 33914 1072 6 involves involve VBZ 33914 1072 7 a a DT 33914 1072 8 shift shift NN 33914 1072 9 in in IN 33914 1072 10 emphasis emphasis NN 33914 1072 11 from from IN 33914 1072 12 the the DT 33914 1072 13 the the DT 33914 1072 14 _ _ NNP 33914 1072 15 m. m. NN 33914 1073 1 adductor adductor NNP 33914 1073 2 mandibulae mandibulae NNP 33914 1073 3 externus externus VBP 33914 1073 4 medialis medialis NNP 33914 1073 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1073 6 to to IN 33914 1073 7 the the DT 33914 1073 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1073 9 m. m. NN 33914 1074 1 pseudotemporalis pseudotemporalis NNP 33914 1074 2 superficialis superficialis NNP 33914 1074 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1074 4 and and CC 33914 1074 5 the the DT 33914 1074 6 forward forward JJ 33914 1074 7 advance advance NN 33914 1074 8 of of IN 33914 1074 9 the the DT 33914 1074 10 insertion insertion NN 33914 1074 11 of of IN 33914 1074 12 the the DT 33914 1074 13 latter latter JJ 33914 1074 14 . . . 33914 1075 1 This this DT 33914 1075 2 , , , 33914 1075 3 also also RB 33914 1075 4 , , , 33914 1075 5 promotes promote VBZ 33914 1075 6 greater great JJR 33914 1075 7 crushing crushing NN 33914 1075 8 ability ability NN 33914 1075 9 . . . 33914 1076 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1076 2 states state VBZ 33914 1076 3 that that IN 33914 1076 4 features feature NNS 33914 1076 5 of of IN 33914 1076 6 the the DT 33914 1076 7 horny horny NNP 33914 1076 8 palate palate NN 33914 1076 9 and and CC 33914 1076 10 of of IN 33914 1076 11 the the DT 33914 1076 12 plumage plumage NN 33914 1076 13 provide provide VBP 33914 1076 14 further further JJ 33914 1076 15 evidence evidence NN 33914 1076 16 of of IN 33914 1076 17 close close JJ 33914 1076 18 relationship relationship NN 33914 1076 19 of of IN 33914 1076 20 these these DT 33914 1076 21 groups group NNS 33914 1076 22 . . . 33914 1077 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1077 2 includes include VBZ 33914 1077 3 , , , 33914 1077 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 1077 5 , , , 33914 1077 6 the the DT 33914 1077 7 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 1077 8 , , , 33914 1077 9 the the DT 33914 1077 10 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1077 11 , , , 33914 1077 12 and and CC 33914 1077 13 the the DT 33914 1077 14 Pyrrhuloxiinae Pyrrhuloxiinae NNP 33914 1077 15 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1077 16 = = NFP 33914 1077 17 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1077 18 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1077 19 in in IN 33914 1077 20 the the DT 33914 1077 21 Family Family NNP 33914 1077 22 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1077 23 . . . 33914 1078 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1078 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1078 3 1953:307 1953:307 CD 33914 1078 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1078 5 indicates indicate VBZ 33914 1078 6 that that IN 33914 1078 7 the the DT 33914 1078 8 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1078 9 of of IN 33914 1078 10 jaw jaw NN 33914 1078 11 - - HYPH 33914 1078 12 musculature musculature NN 33914 1078 13 of of IN 33914 1078 14 the the DT 33914 1078 15 Parulinae Parulinae NNP 33914 1078 16 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1078 17 wood wood NN 33914 1078 18 warblers warbler NNS 33914 1078 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1078 20 and and CC 33914 1078 21 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1078 22 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1078 23 buntings bunting NNS 33914 1078 24 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1078 25 are be VBP 33914 1078 26 similar similar JJ 33914 1078 27 and and CC 33914 1078 28 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1078 29 that that IN 33914 1078 30 the the DT 33914 1078 31 buntings bunting NNS 33914 1078 32 had have VBD 33914 1078 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1078 34 origin origin NN 33914 1078 35 from from IN 33914 1078 36 the the DT 33914 1078 37 wood wood NN 33914 1078 38 warblers warbler NNS 33914 1078 39 . . . 33914 1079 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1079 2 includes include VBZ 33914 1079 3 these these DT 33914 1079 4 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1079 5 , , , 33914 1079 6 therefore therefore RB 33914 1079 7 , , , 33914 1079 8 in in IN 33914 1079 9 the the DT 33914 1079 10 Family Family NNP 33914 1079 11 Parulidae Parulidae NNP 33914 1079 12 . . . 33914 1080 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1080 2 's 's POS 33914 1080 3 reasoning reasoning NN 33914 1080 4 may may MD 33914 1080 5 be be VB 33914 1080 6 criticized criticize VBN 33914 1080 7 on on IN 33914 1080 8 several several JJ 33914 1080 9 points point NNS 33914 1080 10 . . . 33914 1081 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1081 2 may may MD 33914 1081 3 be be VB 33914 1081 4 , , , 33914 1081 5 as as IN 33914 1081 6 he -PRON- PRP 33914 1081 7 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1081 8 , , , 33914 1081 9 that that IN 33914 1081 10 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1081 11 with with IN 33914 1081 12 parallel parallel JJ 33914 1081 13 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1081 14 evolved evolve VBN 33914 1081 15 earlier early RBR 33914 1081 16 , , , 33914 1081 17 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB 33914 1081 18 , , , 33914 1081 19 than than IN 33914 1081 20 did do VBD 33914 1081 21 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1081 22 with with IN 33914 1081 23 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 1081 24 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1081 25 , , , 33914 1081 26 but but CC 33914 1081 27 he -PRON- PRP 33914 1081 28 does do VBZ 33914 1081 29 not not RB 33914 1081 30 give give VB 33914 1081 31 adequate adequate JJ 33914 1081 32 consideration consideration NN 33914 1081 33 , , , 33914 1081 34 it -PRON- PRP 33914 1081 35 seems seem VBZ 33914 1081 36 to to IN 33914 1081 37 me -PRON- PRP 33914 1081 38 , , , 33914 1081 39 to to IN 33914 1081 40 the the DT 33914 1081 41 possibility possibility NN 33914 1081 42 that that IN 33914 1081 43 parallel parallel JJ 33914 1081 44 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1081 45 may may MD 33914 1081 46 also also RB 33914 1081 47 have have VB 33914 1081 48 evolved evolve VBN 33914 1081 49 secondarily secondarily RB 33914 1081 50 from from IN 33914 1081 51 pinnate pinnate NN 33914 1081 52 fibers fiber NNS 33914 1081 53 . . . 33914 1082 1 Since since IN 33914 1082 2 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1082 3 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1082 4 1951a 1951a CD 33914 1082 5 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1082 6 found find VBD 33914 1082 7 that that IN 33914 1082 8 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1082 9 of of IN 33914 1082 10 jaw jaw NN 33914 1082 11 - - HYPH 33914 1082 12 musculature musculature NN 33914 1082 13 within within IN 33914 1082 14 the the DT 33914 1082 15 Family Family NNP 33914 1082 16 Icteridae Icteridae NNP 33914 1082 17 were be VBD 33914 1082 18 conservative conservative JJ 33914 1082 19 , , , 33914 1082 20 he -PRON- PRP 33914 1082 21 is be VBZ 33914 1082 22 reluctant reluctant JJ 33914 1082 23 to to TO 33914 1082 24 admit admit VB 33914 1082 25 the the DT 33914 1082 26 possibility possibility NN 33914 1082 27 of of IN 33914 1082 28 convergence convergence NN 33914 1082 29 among among IN 33914 1082 30 any any DT 33914 1082 31 of of IN 33914 1082 32 the the DT 33914 1082 33 other other JJ 33914 1082 34 families family NNS 33914 1082 35 . . . 33914 1083 1 Differences difference NNS 33914 1083 2 in in IN 33914 1083 3 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1083 4 of of IN 33914 1083 5 jaw jaw NN 33914 1083 6 - - HYPH 33914 1083 7 musculature musculature NN 33914 1083 8 are be VBP 33914 1083 9 , , , 33914 1083 10 however however RB 33914 1083 11 , , , 33914 1083 12 functional functional JJ 33914 1083 13 adaptations adaptation NNS 33914 1083 14 and and CC 33914 1083 15 like like IN 33914 1083 16 the the DT 33914 1083 17 bill bill NN 33914 1083 18 , , , 33914 1083 19 which which WDT 33914 1083 20 is be VBZ 33914 1083 21 also also RB 33914 1083 22 associated associate VBN 33914 1083 23 with with IN 33914 1083 24 food food NN 33914 1083 25 - - HYPH 33914 1083 26 getting get VBG 33914 1083 27 may may MD 33914 1083 28 be be VB 33914 1083 29 subject subject JJ 33914 1083 30 to to IN 33914 1083 31 rapid rapid JJ 33914 1083 32 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 33914 1083 33 change change NN 33914 1083 34 . . . 33914 1084 1 Finally finally RB 33914 1084 2 , , , 33914 1084 3 in in IN 33914 1084 4 attempting attempt VBG 33914 1084 5 to to TO 33914 1084 6 classify classify VB 33914 1084 7 the the DT 33914 1084 8 oscines oscine NNS 33914 1084 9 , , , 33914 1084 10 he -PRON- PRP 33914 1084 11 has have VBZ 33914 1084 12 relied rely VBN 33914 1084 13 almost almost RB 33914 1084 14 entirely entirely RB 33914 1084 15 on on IN 33914 1084 16 a a DT 33914 1084 17 single single JJ 33914 1084 18 character character NN 33914 1084 19 -- -- : 33914 1084 20 the the DT 33914 1084 21 pattern pattern NN 33914 1084 22 of of IN 33914 1084 23 jaw jaw NN 33914 1084 24 - - HYPH 33914 1084 25 musculature musculature NN 33914 1084 26 . . . 33914 1085 1 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1085 2 's 's POS 33914 1085 3 attempts attempt NNS 33914 1085 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1085 5 1954 1954 CD 33914 1085 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1085 7 to to TO 33914 1085 8 clarify clarify VB 33914 1085 9 the the DT 33914 1085 10 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1085 11 of of IN 33914 1085 12 the the DT 33914 1085 13 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 1085 14 and and CC 33914 1085 15 related related JJ 33914 1085 16 species specie NNS 33914 1085 17 are be VBP 33914 1085 18 based base VBN 33914 1085 19 chiefly chiefly RB 33914 1085 20 on on IN 33914 1085 21 features feature NNS 33914 1085 22 of of IN 33914 1085 23 the the DT 33914 1085 24 bony bony NN 33914 1085 25 palate palate NN 33914 1085 26 . . . 33914 1086 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1086 2 assumes assume VBZ 33914 1086 3 that that IN 33914 1086 4 since since IN 33914 1086 5 palato palato NN 33914 1086 6 - - HYPH 33914 1086 7 maxillaries maxillary NNS 33914 1086 8 seem seem VBP 33914 1086 9 to to TO 33914 1086 10 be be VB 33914 1086 11 absent absent JJ 33914 1086 12 in in IN 33914 1086 13 the the DT 33914 1086 14 majority majority NN 33914 1086 15 of of IN 33914 1086 16 passerine passerine NN 33914 1086 17 birds bird NNS 33914 1086 18 , , , 33914 1086 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1086 20 occurrence occurrence NN 33914 1086 21 in in IN 33914 1086 22 certain certain JJ 33914 1086 23 nine nine CD 33914 1086 24 - - HYPH 33914 1086 25 primaried primarie VBN 33914 1086 26 oscine oscine NN 33914 1086 27 groups group NNS 33914 1086 28 indicates indicate VBZ 33914 1086 29 relationship relationship NN 33914 1086 30 among among IN 33914 1086 31 these these DT 33914 1086 32 groups group NNS 33914 1086 33 . . . 33914 1087 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1087 2 points point VBZ 33914 1087 3 out out RP 33914 1087 4 that that IN 33914 1087 5 these these DT 33914 1087 6 bones bone NNS 33914 1087 7 , , , 33914 1087 8 when when WRB 33914 1087 9 present present JJ 33914 1087 10 , , , 33914 1087 11 are be VBP 33914 1087 12 important important JJ 33914 1087 13 areas area NNS 33914 1087 14 of of IN 33914 1087 15 origin origin NN 33914 1087 16 of of IN 33914 1087 17 the the DT 33914 1087 18 _ _ NNP 33914 1087 19 m. m. NN 33914 1088 1 pterygoideus pterygoideus NNP 33914 1088 2 _ _ NNP 33914 1088 3 which which WDT 33914 1088 4 functions function VBZ 33914 1088 5 in in IN 33914 1088 6 depression depression NN 33914 1088 7 of of IN 33914 1088 8 the the DT 33914 1088 9 upper upper JJ 33914 1088 10 jaw jaw NN 33914 1088 11 and and CC 33914 1088 12 in in IN 33914 1088 13 elevation elevation NN 33914 1088 14 of of IN 33914 1088 15 the the DT 33914 1088 16 lower low JJR 33914 1088 17 jaw jaw NN 33914 1088 18 . . . 33914 1089 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1089 2 assumes assume VBZ 33914 1089 3 , , , 33914 1089 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 1089 5 , , , 33914 1089 6 that that IN 33914 1089 7 palato palato NN 33914 1089 8 - - HYPH 33914 1089 9 maxillaries maxillary NNS 33914 1089 10 were be VBD 33914 1089 11 evolved evolve VBN 33914 1089 12 to to TO 33914 1089 13 provide provide VB 33914 1089 14 for for IN 33914 1089 15 a a DT 33914 1089 16 more more RBR 33914 1089 17 effective effective JJ 33914 1089 18 action action NN 33914 1089 19 of of IN 33914 1089 20 the the DT 33914 1089 21 _ _ NNP 33914 1089 22 m. m. NN 33914 1090 1 pterygoideus pterygoideus NNP 33914 1090 2 _ _ NNP 33914 1090 3 . . . 33914 1091 1 The the DT 33914 1091 2 need need NN 33914 1091 3 for for IN 33914 1091 4 such such JJ 33914 1091 5 action action NN 33914 1091 6 could could MD 33914 1091 7 be be VB 33914 1091 8 associated associate VBN 33914 1091 9 with with IN 33914 1091 10 a a DT 33914 1091 11 seed seed NN 33914 1091 12 - - HYPH 33914 1091 13 eating eat VBG 33914 1091 14 habit habit NN 33914 1091 15 . . . 33914 1092 1 All all DT 33914 1092 2 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1092 3 and and CC 33914 1092 4 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1092 5 possess possess VBP 33914 1092 6 palato palato NN 33914 1092 7 - - HYPH 33914 1092 8 maxillary maxillary JJ 33914 1092 9 bones bone NNS 33914 1092 10 either either CC 33914 1092 11 free free JJ 33914 1092 12 or or CC 33914 1092 13 fused fuse VBN 33914 1092 14 to to IN 33914 1092 15 the the DT 33914 1092 16 prepalatine prepalatine NN 33914 1092 17 bar bar NN 33914 1092 18 , , , 33914 1092 19 but but CC 33914 1092 20 there there EX 33914 1092 21 is be VBZ 33914 1092 22 no no DT 33914 1092 23 trace trace NN 33914 1092 24 of of IN 33914 1092 25 these these DT 33914 1092 26 bones bone NNS 33914 1092 27 in in IN 33914 1092 28 the the DT 33914 1092 29 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1092 30 . . . 33914 1093 1 Carduelines Carduelines NNP 33914 1093 2 , , , 33914 1093 3 furthermore furthermore RB 33914 1093 4 , , , 33914 1093 5 possess possess VBP 33914 1093 6 prepalatine prepalatine NN 33914 1093 7 bars bar NNS 33914 1093 8 that that WDT 33914 1093 9 are be VBP 33914 1093 10 characteristically characteristically RB 33914 1093 11 flared flare VBN 33914 1093 12 anteriorly anteriorly RB 33914 1093 13 . . . 33914 1094 1 This this DT 33914 1094 2 condition condition NN 33914 1094 3 does do VBZ 33914 1094 4 not not RB 33914 1094 5 exist exist VB 33914 1094 6 in in IN 33914 1094 7 the the DT 33914 1094 8 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1094 9 or or CC 33914 1094 10 in in IN 33914 1094 11 the the DT 33914 1094 12 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1094 13 . . . 33914 1095 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1095 2 points point VBZ 33914 1095 3 out out RP 33914 1095 4 , , , 33914 1095 5 also also RB 33914 1095 6 , , , 33914 1095 7 that that IN 33914 1095 8 the the DT 33914 1095 9 irregular irregular JJ 33914 1095 10 , , , 33914 1095 11 erratic erratic JJ 33914 1095 12 migrations migration NNS 33914 1095 13 of of IN 33914 1095 14 the the DT 33914 1095 15 New New NNP 33914 1095 16 World World NNP 33914 1095 17 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1095 18 are be VBP 33914 1095 19 unlike unlike IN 33914 1095 20 the the DT 33914 1095 21 more more RBR 33914 1095 22 regular regular JJ 33914 1095 23 migrations migration NNS 33914 1095 24 of of IN 33914 1095 25 the the DT 33914 1095 26 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1095 27 and and CC 33914 1095 28 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1095 29 . . . 33914 1096 1 The the DT 33914 1096 2 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1096 3 , , , 33914 1096 4 furthermore furthermore RB 33914 1096 5 , , , 33914 1096 6 are be VBP 33914 1096 7 more more RBR 33914 1096 8 arboreal arboreal JJ 33914 1096 9 in in IN 33914 1096 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1096 11 habits habit NNS 33914 1096 12 than than IN 33914 1096 13 are be VBP 33914 1096 14 these these DT 33914 1096 15 other other JJ 33914 1096 16 groups group NNS 33914 1096 17 and and CC 33914 1096 18 exhibit exhibit VB 33914 1096 19 a a DT 33914 1096 20 decided decided JJ 33914 1096 21 lack lack NN 33914 1096 22 of of IN 33914 1096 23 nest nest NN 33914 1096 24 sanitation sanitation NN 33914 1096 25 during during IN 33914 1096 26 the the DT 33914 1096 27 later later JJ 33914 1096 28 stages stage NNS 33914 1096 29 of of IN 33914 1096 30 nesting nest VBG 33914 1096 31 , , , 33914 1096 32 a a DT 33914 1096 33 situation situation NN 33914 1096 34 which which WDT 33914 1096 35 contrasts contrast VBZ 33914 1096 36 with with IN 33914 1096 37 that that DT 33914 1096 38 found find VBN 33914 1096 39 in in IN 33914 1096 40 the the DT 33914 1096 41 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1096 42 and and CC 33914 1096 43 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1096 44 . . . 33914 1097 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1097 2 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1097 3 , , , 33914 1097 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 1097 5 , , , 33914 1097 6 that that IN 33914 1097 7 the the DT 33914 1097 8 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1097 9 are be VBP 33914 1097 10 not not RB 33914 1097 11 so so RB 33914 1097 12 closely closely RB 33914 1097 13 related related JJ 33914 1097 14 to to IN 33914 1097 15 the the DT 33914 1097 16 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1097 17 and and CC 33914 1097 18 the the DT 33914 1097 19 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1097 20 as as IN 33914 1097 21 previously previously RB 33914 1097 22 has have VBZ 33914 1097 23 been be VBN 33914 1097 24 thought think VBN 33914 1097 25 . . . 33914 1098 1 Since since IN 33914 1098 2 there there EX 33914 1098 3 are be VBP 33914 1098 4 only only RB 33914 1098 5 two two CD 33914 1098 6 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 1098 7 genera genera NN 33914 1098 8 , , , 33914 1098 9 _ _ NNP 33914 1098 10 Loximitris Loximitris NNP 33914 1098 11 _ _ NNP 33914 1098 12 and and CC 33914 1098 13 _ _ NNP 33914 1098 14 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 1098 15 _ _ NNP 33914 1098 16 , , , 33914 1098 17 endemic endemic RB 33914 1098 18 to to IN 33914 1098 19 the the DT 33914 1098 20 New New NNP 33914 1098 21 World World NNP 33914 1098 22 and and CC 33914 1098 23 at at RB 33914 1098 24 least least RBS 33914 1098 25 10 10 CD 33914 1098 26 genera genera NN 33914 1098 27 with with IN 33914 1098 28 many many JJ 33914 1098 29 species specie NNS 33914 1098 30 endemic endemic RB 33914 1098 31 to to IN 33914 1098 32 the the DT 33914 1098 33 Old Old NNP 33914 1098 34 World World NNP 33914 1098 35 , , , 33914 1098 36 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1098 37 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1098 38 1954:15 1954:15 CD 33914 1098 39 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1098 40 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1098 41 an an DT 33914 1098 42 Old Old NNP 33914 1098 43 World World NNP 33914 1098 44 origin origin NN 33914 1098 45 for for IN 33914 1098 46 the the DT 33914 1098 47 carduelines carduelines NNPS 33914 1098 48 . . . 33914 1099 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1099 2 strengthens strengthen VBZ 33914 1099 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1099 4 argument argument NN 33914 1099 5 for for IN 33914 1099 6 this this DT 33914 1099 7 hypothesis hypothesis NN 33914 1099 8 by by IN 33914 1099 9 pointing point VBG 33914 1099 10 out out RP 33914 1099 11 that that IN 33914 1099 12 in in IN 33914 1099 13 features feature NNS 33914 1099 14 of of IN 33914 1099 15 the the DT 33914 1099 16 bony bony NN 33914 1099 17 palate palate NN 33914 1099 18 and and CC 33914 1099 19 in in IN 33914 1099 20 habits habit NNS 33914 1099 21 the the DT 33914 1099 22 carduelines carduelines NNPS 33914 1099 23 resemble resemble VBP 33914 1099 24 the the DT 33914 1099 25 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1099 26 of of IN 33914 1099 27 the the DT 33914 1099 28 Family Family NNP 33914 1099 29 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1099 30 . . . 33914 1100 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1100 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1100 3 1954:29 1954:29 CD 33914 1100 4 - - SYM 33914 1100 5 30 30 CD 33914 1100 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1100 7 states state VBZ 33914 1100 8 that that IN 33914 1100 9 the the DT 33914 1100 10 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1100 11 not not RB 33914 1100 12 only only RB 33914 1100 13 merge merge VBP 33914 1100 14 with with IN 33914 1100 15 the the DT 33914 1100 16 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1100 17 but but CC 33914 1100 18 also also RB 33914 1100 19 grade grade NN 33914 1100 20 imperceptibly imperceptibly RB 33914 1100 21 into into IN 33914 1100 22 the the DT 33914 1100 23 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1100 24 . . . 33914 1101 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1101 2 includes include VBZ 33914 1101 3 , , , 33914 1101 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 1101 5 , , , 33914 1101 6 the the DT 33914 1101 7 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1101 8 , , , 33914 1101 9 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1101 10 , , , 33914 1101 11 and and CC 33914 1101 12 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 1101 13 in in IN 33914 1101 14 the the DT 33914 1101 15 Family Family NNP 33914 1101 16 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1101 17 . . . 33914 1102 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1102 2 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1102 3 that that IN 33914 1102 4 the the DT 33914 1102 5 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1102 6 are be VBP 33914 1102 7 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 1102 8 , , , 33914 1102 9 closely closely RB 33914 1102 10 related related JJ 33914 1102 11 to to IN 33914 1102 12 the the DT 33914 1102 13 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1102 14 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1102 15 , , , 33914 1102 16 on on IN 33914 1102 17 the the DT 33914 1102 18 basis basis NN 33914 1102 19 of of IN 33914 1102 20 structure structure NN 33914 1102 21 of of IN 33914 1102 22 the the DT 33914 1102 23 bony bony NN 33914 1102 24 palate palate NN 33914 1102 25 , , , 33914 1102 26 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1102 27 distribution distribution NN 33914 1102 28 , , , 33914 1102 29 social social JJ 33914 1102 30 behavior behavior NN 33914 1102 31 , , , 33914 1102 32 and and CC 33914 1102 33 habits habit NNS 33914 1102 34 such such JJ 33914 1102 35 as as IN 33914 1102 36 nest nest NN 33914 1102 37 - - HYPH 33914 1102 38 fouling fouling NN 33914 1102 39 and and CC 33914 1102 40 nest nest NN 33914 1102 41 - - HYPH 33914 1102 42 building building NN 33914 1102 43 . . . 33914 1103 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1103 2 , , , 33914 1103 3 like like IN 33914 1103 4 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1103 5 , , , 33914 1103 6 has have VBZ 33914 1103 7 based base VBN 33914 1103 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1103 9 interpretations interpretation NNS 33914 1103 10 chiefly chiefly RB 33914 1103 11 on on IN 33914 1103 12 one one CD 33914 1103 13 feature feature NN 33914 1103 14 -- -- : 33914 1103 15 structure structure NN 33914 1103 16 of of IN 33914 1103 17 the the DT 33914 1103 18 bony bony NN 33914 1103 19 palate palate NN 33914 1103 20 . . . 33914 1104 1 Since since IN 33914 1104 2 this this DT 33914 1104 3 feature feature NN 33914 1104 4 also also RB 33914 1104 5 is be VBZ 33914 1104 6 associated associate VBN 33914 1104 7 with with IN 33914 1104 8 food food NN 33914 1104 9 - - HYPH 33914 1104 10 getting getting NN 33914 1104 11 , , , 33914 1104 12 the the DT 33914 1104 13 possibilities possibility NNS 33914 1104 14 of of IN 33914 1104 15 convergence convergence NN 33914 1104 16 of of IN 33914 1104 17 distantly distantly RB 33914 1104 18 related relate VBN 33914 1104 19 species specie NNS 33914 1104 20 with with IN 33914 1104 21 similar similar JJ 33914 1104 22 habits habit NNS 33914 1104 23 and and CC 33914 1104 24 divergence divergence NN 33914 1104 25 of of IN 33914 1104 26 closely closely RB 33914 1104 27 related relate VBN 33914 1104 28 species specie NNS 33914 1104 29 with with IN 33914 1104 30 different different JJ 33914 1104 31 habits habit NNS 33914 1104 32 may may MD 33914 1104 33 not not RB 33914 1104 34 be be VB 33914 1104 35 excluded exclude VBN 33914 1104 36 . . . 33914 1105 1 The the DT 33914 1105 2 hazard hazard NN 33914 1105 3 of of IN 33914 1105 4 unrecognized unrecognized JJ 33914 1105 5 adaptive adaptive JJ 33914 1105 6 convergence convergence NN 33914 1105 7 can can MD 33914 1105 8 not not RB 33914 1105 9 , , , 33914 1105 10 of of IN 33914 1105 11 course course NN 33914 1105 12 , , , 33914 1105 13 be be VB 33914 1105 14 excluded exclude VBN 33914 1105 15 from from IN 33914 1105 16 most most JJS 33914 1105 17 fields field NNS 33914 1105 18 of of IN 33914 1105 19 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 1105 20 research research NN 33914 1105 21 , , , 33914 1105 22 but but CC 33914 1105 23 some some DT 33914 1105 24 features feature NNS 33914 1105 25 of of IN 33914 1105 26 morphology morphology NN 33914 1105 27 and and CC 33914 1105 28 biochemistry biochemistry NN 33914 1105 29 are be VBP 33914 1105 30 notably notably RB 33914 1105 31 more more RBR 33914 1105 32 conservative conservative JJ 33914 1105 33 than than IN 33914 1105 34 others other NNS 33914 1105 35 and and CC 33914 1105 36 undergo undergo VB 33914 1105 37 slower slow JJR 33914 1105 38 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 33914 1105 39 change change NN 33914 1105 40 . . . 33914 1106 1 Such such JJ 33914 1106 2 features feature NNS 33914 1106 3 are be VBP 33914 1106 4 often often RB 33914 1106 5 of of IN 33914 1106 6 utmost utmost JJ 33914 1106 7 importance importance NN 33914 1106 8 in in IN 33914 1106 9 distinguishing distinguish VBG 33914 1106 10 the the DT 33914 1106 11 higher high JJR 33914 1106 12 taxonomic taxonomic NN 33914 1106 13 categories category NNS 33914 1106 14 . . . 33914 1107 1 Most Most JJS 33914 1107 2 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 1107 3 are be VBP 33914 1107 4 aware aware JJ 33914 1107 5 that that IN 33914 1107 6 , , , 33914 1107 7 within within IN 33914 1107 8 the the DT 33914 1107 9 Order Order NNP 33914 1107 10 Passeriformes Passeriformes NNPS 33914 1107 11 , , , 33914 1107 12 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1107 13 of of IN 33914 1107 14 musculature musculature NN 33914 1107 15 in in IN 33914 1107 16 the the DT 33914 1107 17 leg leg NN 33914 1107 18 have have VBP 33914 1107 19 evolved evolve VBN 33914 1107 20 at at IN 33914 1107 21 a a DT 33914 1107 22 slow slow JJ 33914 1107 23 rate rate NN 33914 1107 24 and and CC 33914 1107 25 exhibit exhibit VB 33914 1107 26 little little JJ 33914 1107 27 variation variation NN 33914 1107 28 within within IN 33914 1107 29 the the DT 33914 1107 30 Order order NN 33914 1107 31 . . . 33914 1108 1 Differences difference NNS 33914 1108 2 which which WDT 33914 1108 3 do do VBP 33914 1108 4 occur occur VB 33914 1108 5 , , , 33914 1108 6 therefore therefore RB 33914 1108 7 , , , 33914 1108 8 probably probably RB 33914 1108 9 are be VBP 33914 1108 10 significant significant JJ 33914 1108 11 , , , 33914 1108 12 especially especially RB 33914 1108 13 those those DT 33914 1108 14 that that WDT 33914 1108 15 are be VBP 33914 1108 16 consistent consistent JJ 33914 1108 17 between between IN 33914 1108 18 groups group NNS 33914 1108 19 of of IN 33914 1108 20 species specie NNS 33914 1108 21 . . . 33914 1109 1 As as IN 33914 1109 2 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1109 3 have have VBP 33914 1109 4 pointed point VBN 33914 1109 5 out out RP 33914 1109 6 earlier early RBR 33914 1109 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1109 8 p. p. NN 33914 1109 9 184 184 CD 33914 1109 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1109 11 , , , 33914 1109 12 there there EX 33914 1109 13 are be VBP 33914 1109 14 no no DT 33914 1109 15 significant significant JJ 33914 1109 16 differences difference NNS 33914 1109 17 in in IN 33914 1109 18 leg leg NN 33914 1109 19 - - HYPH 33914 1109 20 musculature musculature NN 33914 1109 21 between between IN 33914 1109 22 the the DT 33914 1109 23 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1109 24 , , , 33914 1109 25 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1109 26 , , , 33914 1109 27 and and CC 33914 1109 28 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1109 29 . . . 33914 1110 1 Indeed indeed RB 33914 1110 2 , , , 33914 1110 3 it -PRON- PRP 33914 1110 4 is be VBZ 33914 1110 5 difficult difficult JJ 33914 1110 6 to to TO 33914 1110 7 define define VB 33914 1110 8 these these DT 33914 1110 9 groups group NNS 33914 1110 10 on on IN 33914 1110 11 the the DT 33914 1110 12 basis basis NN 33914 1110 13 of of IN 33914 1110 14 leg leg NN 33914 1110 15 - - HYPH 33914 1110 16 musculature musculature NN 33914 1110 17 . . . 33914 1111 1 If if IN 33914 1111 2 these these DT 33914 1111 3 groups group NNS 33914 1111 4 are be VBP 33914 1111 5 of of IN 33914 1111 6 common common JJ 33914 1111 7 origin origin NN 33914 1111 8 , , , 33914 1111 9 the the DT 33914 1111 10 lack lack NN 33914 1111 11 of of IN 33914 1111 12 distinct distinct JJ 33914 1111 13 boundaries boundary NNS 33914 1111 14 between between IN 33914 1111 15 them -PRON- PRP 33914 1111 16 is be VBZ 33914 1111 17 not not RB 33914 1111 18 surprising surprising JJ 33914 1111 19 . . . 33914 1112 1 A a DT 33914 1112 2 muscular muscular JJ 33914 1112 3 band band NN 33914 1112 4 which which WDT 33914 1112 5 extends extend VBZ 33914 1112 6 from from IN 33914 1112 7 the the DT 33914 1112 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1112 9 pars par NNS 33914 1112 10 interna interna NNP 33914 1112 11 _ _ NNP 33914 1112 12 of of IN 33914 1112 13 the the DT 33914 1112 14 _ _ NNP 33914 1112 15 m. m. NN 33914 1113 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 1113 2 _ _ NNP 33914 1113 3 around around IN 33914 1113 4 the the DT 33914 1113 5 front front NN 33914 1113 6 of of IN 33914 1113 7 the the DT 33914 1113 8 knee knee NN 33914 1113 9 is be VBZ 33914 1113 10 present present JJ 33914 1113 11 in in IN 33914 1113 12 every every DT 33914 1113 13 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 1113 14 species species NN 33914 1113 15 that that WDT 33914 1113 16 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1113 17 studied study VBD 33914 1113 18 and and CC 33914 1113 19 in in IN 33914 1113 20 the the DT 33914 1113 21 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1113 22 _ _ NNP 33914 1113 23 Piranga Piranga NNP 33914 1113 24 _ _ NNP 33914 1113 25 . . . 33914 1114 1 With with IN 33914 1114 2 the the DT 33914 1114 3 exception exception NN 33914 1114 4 of of IN 33914 1114 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1114 6 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1114 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1114 8 none none NN 33914 1114 9 of of IN 33914 1114 10 the the DT 33914 1114 11 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1114 12 possesses possess VBZ 33914 1114 13 this this DT 33914 1114 14 band band NN 33914 1114 15 . . . 33914 1115 1 The the DT 33914 1115 2 significant significant JJ 33914 1115 3 differences difference NNS 33914 1115 4 in in IN 33914 1115 5 leg leg NN 33914 1115 6 - - HYPH 33914 1115 7 musculature musculature NN 33914 1115 8 which which WDT 33914 1115 9 have have VBP 33914 1115 10 been be VBN 33914 1115 11 discussed discuss VBN 33914 1115 12 above above IN 33914 1115 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1115 14 pp pp NNP 33914 1115 15 . . . 33914 1116 1 183 183 CD 33914 1116 2 - - SYM 33914 1116 3 184 184 CD 33914 1116 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1116 5 distinguish distinguish VBP 33914 1116 6 the the DT 33914 1116 7 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1116 8 from from IN 33914 1116 9 the the DT 33914 1116 10 New New NNP 33914 1116 11 World World NNP 33914 1116 12 finches finche VBZ 33914 1116 13 and and CC 33914 1116 14 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1116 15 . . . 33914 1117 1 Even even RB 33914 1117 2 the the DT 33914 1117 3 cardueline cardueline NN 33914 1117 4 _ _ NNP 33914 1117 5 Leucosticte Leucosticte NNP 33914 1117 6 _ _ NNP 33914 1117 7 and and CC 33914 1117 8 the the DT 33914 1117 9 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 1117 10 _ _ NNP 33914 1117 11 Calcarius Calcarius NNP 33914 1117 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1117 13 , , , 33914 1117 14 which which WDT 33914 1117 15 resemble resemble VBP 33914 1117 16 one one CD 33914 1117 17 another another DT 33914 1117 18 in in IN 33914 1117 19 general general JJ 33914 1117 20 adaptations adaptation NNS 33914 1117 21 and and CC 33914 1117 22 in in IN 33914 1117 23 several several JJ 33914 1117 24 myological myological JJ 33914 1117 25 features feature NNS 33914 1117 26 of of IN 33914 1117 27 the the DT 33914 1117 28 leg leg NN 33914 1117 29 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1117 30 p. p. NN 33914 1117 31 183 183 CD 33914 1117 32 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1117 33 , , , 33914 1117 34 agree agree VBP 33914 1117 35 in in IN 33914 1117 36 significant significant JJ 33914 1117 37 features feature NNS 33914 1117 38 of of IN 33914 1117 39 the the DT 33914 1117 40 musculature musculature NN 33914 1117 41 with with IN 33914 1117 42 the the DT 33914 1117 43 respective respective JJ 33914 1117 44 groups group NNS 33914 1117 45 to to TO 33914 1117 46 which which WDT 33914 1117 47 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1117 48 belong belong VBP 33914 1117 49 . . . 33914 1118 1 The the DT 33914 1118 2 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1118 3 agree agree VBP 33914 1118 4 in in IN 33914 1118 5 the the DT 33914 1118 6 major major JJ 33914 1118 7 features feature NNS 33914 1118 8 of of IN 33914 1118 9 leg leg NN 33914 1118 10 - - HYPH 33914 1118 11 musculature musculature NN 33914 1118 12 with with IN 33914 1118 13 the the DT 33914 1118 14 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 1118 15 which which WDT 33914 1118 16 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1118 17 studied study VBD 33914 1118 18 . . . 33914 1119 1 The the DT 33914 1119 2 use use NN 33914 1119 3 of of IN 33914 1119 4 serological serological JJ 33914 1119 5 techniques technique NNS 33914 1119 6 in in IN 33914 1119 7 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 1119 8 work work NN 33914 1119 9 has have VBZ 33914 1119 10 two two CD 33914 1119 11 main main JJ 33914 1119 12 advantages advantage NNS 33914 1119 13 . . . 33914 1120 1 The the DT 33914 1120 2 biochemical biochemical JJ 33914 1120 3 systems system NNS 33914 1120 4 involved involve VBN 33914 1120 5 in in IN 33914 1120 6 such such JJ 33914 1120 7 investigations investigation NNS 33914 1120 8 seem seem VBP 33914 1120 9 to to TO 33914 1120 10 be be VB 33914 1120 11 relatively relatively RB 33914 1120 12 slow slow JJ 33914 1120 13 to to TO 33914 1120 14 change change VB 33914 1120 15 in in IN 33914 1120 16 response response NN 33914 1120 17 to to IN 33914 1120 18 external external JJ 33914 1120 19 environmental environmental JJ 33914 1120 20 influences influence NNS 33914 1120 21 , , , 33914 1120 22 and and CC 33914 1120 23 the the DT 33914 1120 24 quantitative quantitative JJ 33914 1120 25 nature nature NN 33914 1120 26 of of IN 33914 1120 27 the the DT 33914 1120 28 results result NNS 33914 1120 29 obtained obtain VBD 33914 1120 30 makes make VBZ 33914 1120 31 possible possible JJ 33914 1120 32 objective objective JJ 33914 1120 33 measurement measurement NN 33914 1120 34 of of IN 33914 1120 35 resemblances resemblance NNS 33914 1120 36 among among IN 33914 1120 37 species specie NNS 33914 1120 38 . . . 33914 1121 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1121 2 have have VBP 33914 1121 3 pointed point VBN 33914 1121 4 out out RP 33914 1121 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1121 6 p. p. NN 33914 1121 7 200 200 CD 33914 1121 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1121 9 that that IN 33914 1121 10 the the DT 33914 1121 11 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1121 12 are be VBP 33914 1121 13 excluded exclude VBN 33914 1121 14 , , , 33914 1121 15 serologically serologically RB 33914 1121 16 , , , 33914 1121 17 from from IN 33914 1121 18 the the DT 33914 1121 19 distinct distinct JJ 33914 1121 20 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1121 21 formed form VBN 33914 1121 22 by by IN 33914 1121 23 the the DT 33914 1121 24 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1121 25 , , , 33914 1121 26 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1121 27 , , , 33914 1121 28 and and CC 33914 1121 29 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1121 30 . . . 33914 1122 1 Actually actually RB 33914 1122 2 , , , 33914 1122 3 the the DT 33914 1122 4 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1122 5 show show VBP 33914 1122 6 less less JJR 33914 1122 7 serological serological JJ 33914 1122 8 resemblance resemblance NN 33914 1122 9 to to IN 33914 1122 10 this this DT 33914 1122 11 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1122 12 than than IN 33914 1122 13 do do VB 33914 1122 14 the the DT 33914 1122 15 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1122 16 , , , 33914 1122 17 and and CC 33914 1122 18 most most JJS 33914 1122 19 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 1122 20 agree agree VBP 33914 1122 21 that that IN 33914 1122 22 the the DT 33914 1122 23 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1122 24 are be VBP 33914 1122 25 not not RB 33914 1122 26 at at RB 33914 1122 27 all all RB 33914 1122 28 closely closely RB 33914 1122 29 related related JJ 33914 1122 30 to to IN 33914 1122 31 the the DT 33914 1122 32 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1122 33 , , , 33914 1122 34 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1122 35 , , , 33914 1122 36 and and CC 33914 1122 37 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1122 38 . . . 33914 1123 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1123 2 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1123 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1123 4 , , , 33914 1123 5 representing represent VBG 33914 1123 6 a a DT 33914 1123 7 family family NN 33914 1123 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1123 9 Icteridae Icteridae NNP 33914 1123 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1123 11 recognized recognize VBD 33914 1123 12 as as IN 33914 1123 13 distinct distinct JJ 33914 1123 14 from from IN 33914 1123 15 the the DT 33914 1123 16 Family Family NNP 33914 1123 17 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1123 18 , , , 33914 1123 19 also also RB 33914 1123 20 more more RBR 33914 1123 21 closely closely RB 33914 1123 22 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 1123 23 the the DT 33914 1123 24 fringillid fringillid JJ 33914 1123 25 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1123 26 , , , 33914 1123 27 serologically serologically RB 33914 1123 28 , , , 33914 1123 29 than than IN 33914 1123 30 do do VB 33914 1123 31 the the DT 33914 1123 32 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1123 33 . . . 33914 1124 1 Although although IN 33914 1124 2 the the DT 33914 1124 3 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1124 4 constitute constitute VBP 33914 1124 5 a a DT 33914 1124 6 distinct distinct JJ 33914 1124 7 group group NN 33914 1124 8 serologically serologically RB 33914 1124 9 , , , 33914 1124 10 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1124 11 show show VBP 33914 1124 12 greater great JJR 33914 1124 13 serological serological JJ 33914 1124 14 resemblance resemblance NN 33914 1124 15 to to IN 33914 1124 16 the the DT 33914 1124 17 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1124 18 of of IN 33914 1124 19 the the DT 33914 1124 20 Family Family NNP 33914 1124 21 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1124 22 than than IN 33914 1124 23 to to IN 33914 1124 24 any any DT 33914 1124 25 of of IN 33914 1124 26 the the DT 33914 1124 27 other other JJ 33914 1124 28 species specie NNS 33914 1124 29 tested test VBN 33914 1124 30 . . . 33914 1125 1 At at IN 33914 1125 2 least least JJS 33914 1125 3 the the DT 33914 1125 4 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1125 5 and and CC 33914 1125 6 the the DT 33914 1125 7 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1125 8 form form VBP 33914 1125 9 a a DT 33914 1125 10 group group NN 33914 1125 11 as as RB 33914 1125 12 compact compact JJ 33914 1125 13 as as IN 33914 1125 14 the the DT 33914 1125 15 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1125 16 of of IN 33914 1125 17 the the DT 33914 1125 18 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1125 19 . . . 33914 1126 1 Thus thus RB 33914 1126 2 , , , 33914 1126 3 the the DT 33914 1126 4 serological serological JJ 33914 1126 5 data datum NNS 33914 1126 6 correlate correlate VBP 33914 1126 7 well well RB 33914 1126 8 with with IN 33914 1126 9 those those DT 33914 1126 10 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1126 11 from from IN 33914 1126 12 the the DT 33914 1126 13 study study NN 33914 1126 14 of of IN 33914 1126 15 the the DT 33914 1126 16 leg leg NN 33914 1126 17 - - HYPH 33914 1126 18 musculature musculature NN 33914 1126 19 . . . 33914 1127 1 Present present JJ 33914 1127 2 systems system NNS 33914 1127 3 of of IN 33914 1127 4 classification classification NN 33914 1127 5 include include VBP 33914 1127 6 the the DT 33914 1127 7 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1127 8 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1127 9 and and CC 33914 1127 10 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1127 11 in in IN 33914 1127 12 the the DT 33914 1127 13 Family Family NNP 33914 1127 14 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1127 15 . . . 33914 1128 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1128 2 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1128 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1128 4 , , , 33914 1128 5 however however RB 33914 1128 6 , , , 33914 1128 7 is be VBZ 33914 1128 8 less less RBR 33914 1128 9 closely closely RB 33914 1128 10 related related JJ 33914 1128 11 to to IN 33914 1128 12 the the DT 33914 1128 13 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1128 14 serologically serologically RB 33914 1128 15 than than IN 33914 1128 16 are be VBP 33914 1128 17 the the DT 33914 1128 18 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1128 19 , , , 33914 1128 20 and and CC 33914 1128 21 is be VBZ 33914 1128 22 less less RBR 33914 1128 23 closely closely RB 33914 1128 24 related related JJ 33914 1128 25 to to IN 33914 1128 26 the the DT 33914 1128 27 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1128 28 than than IN 33914 1128 29 _ _ NNP 33914 1128 30 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 33914 1128 31 _ _ NNP 33914 1128 32 , , , 33914 1128 33 an an DT 33914 1128 34 icterid icterid NNP 33914 1128 35 , , , 33914 1128 36 is be VBZ 33914 1128 37 to to IN 33914 1128 38 the the DT 33914 1128 39 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 1128 40 . . . 33914 1129 1 This this DT 33914 1129 2 raises raise VBZ 33914 1129 3 a a DT 33914 1129 4 question question NN 33914 1129 5 as as IN 33914 1129 6 to to IN 33914 1129 7 the the DT 33914 1129 8 homogeneity homogeneity NN 33914 1129 9 of of IN 33914 1129 10 the the DT 33914 1129 11 Family Family NNP 33914 1129 12 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1129 13 as as IN 33914 1129 14 presently presently RB 33914 1129 15 recognized recognize VBN 33914 1129 16 by by IN 33914 1129 17 most most JJS 33914 1129 18 ornithologists ornithologist NNS 33914 1129 19 . . . 33914 1130 1 If if IN 33914 1130 2 the the DT 33914 1130 3 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1130 4 and and CC 33914 1130 5 the the DT 33914 1130 6 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1130 7 are be VBP 33914 1130 8 placed place VBN 33914 1130 9 in in IN 33914 1130 10 a a DT 33914 1130 11 single single JJ 33914 1130 12 family family NN 33914 1130 13 , , , 33914 1130 14 the the DT 33914 1130 15 serological serological JJ 33914 1130 16 divergence divergence NN 33914 1130 17 among among IN 33914 1130 18 members member NNS 33914 1130 19 of of IN 33914 1130 20 this this DT 33914 1130 21 group group NN 33914 1130 22 is be VBZ 33914 1130 23 certainly certainly RB 33914 1130 24 greater great JJR 33914 1130 25 than than IN 33914 1130 26 it -PRON- PRP 33914 1130 27 is be VBZ 33914 1130 28 in in IN 33914 1130 29 the the DT 33914 1130 30 Family Family NNP 33914 1130 31 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1130 32 . . . 33914 1131 1 Additionally additionally RB 33914 1131 2 , , , 33914 1131 3 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1131 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1131 5 1953:303 1953:303 CD 33914 1131 6 - - SYM 33914 1131 7 304 304 CD 33914 1131 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1131 9 found find VBD 33914 1131 10 that that IN 33914 1131 11 the the DT 33914 1131 12 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1131 13 possess possess VBP 33914 1131 14 a a DT 33914 1131 15 pattern pattern NN 33914 1131 16 of of IN 33914 1131 17 jaw jaw NN 33914 1131 18 - - HYPH 33914 1131 19 musculature musculature NN 33914 1131 20 different different JJ 33914 1131 21 from from IN 33914 1131 22 those those DT 33914 1131 23 in in IN 33914 1131 24 other other JJ 33914 1131 25 ploceids ploceid NNS 33914 1131 26 . . . 33914 1132 1 The the DT 33914 1132 2 combined combined JJ 33914 1132 3 evidence evidence NN 33914 1132 4 from from IN 33914 1132 5 jaw jaw NN 33914 1132 6 - - HYPH 33914 1132 7 musculature musculature NN 33914 1132 8 and and CC 33914 1132 9 serology serology NN 33914 1132 10 has have VBZ 33914 1132 11 caused cause VBN 33914 1132 12 me -PRON- PRP 33914 1132 13 to to TO 33914 1132 14 conclude conclude VB 33914 1132 15 that that IN 33914 1132 16 the the DT 33914 1132 17 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1132 18 should should MD 33914 1132 19 be be VB 33914 1132 20 excluded exclude VBN 33914 1132 21 from from IN 33914 1132 22 the the DT 33914 1132 23 Family Family NNP 33914 1132 24 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1132 25 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1132 26 see see VB 33914 1132 27 below below RB 33914 1132 28 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1132 29 . . . 33914 1133 1 In in IN 33914 1133 2 an an DT 33914 1133 3 attempt attempt NN 33914 1133 4 to to TO 33914 1133 5 clarify clarify VB 33914 1133 6 the the DT 33914 1133 7 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1133 8 of of IN 33914 1133 9 the the DT 33914 1133 10 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1133 11 and and CC 33914 1133 12 allied allied JJ 33914 1133 13 groups group NNS 33914 1133 14 , , , 33914 1133 15 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1133 16 here here RB 33914 1133 17 review review VBP 33914 1133 18 briefly briefly RB 33914 1133 19 the the DT 33914 1133 20 evidence evidence NN 33914 1133 21 which which WDT 33914 1133 22 has have VBZ 33914 1133 23 been be VBN 33914 1133 24 presented present VBN 33914 1133 25 . . . 33914 1134 1 From from IN 33914 1134 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1134 3 studies study NNS 33914 1134 4 of of IN 33914 1134 5 jaw jaw NN 33914 1134 6 - - HYPH 33914 1134 7 musculature musculature NN 33914 1134 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1134 9 1951a 1951a NNS 33914 1134 10 , , , 33914 1134 11 1951b 1951b CD 33914 1134 12 , , , 33914 1134 13 1953 1953 CD 33914 1134 14 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1134 15 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1134 16 concludes conclude VBZ 33914 1134 17 that that IN 33914 1134 18 the the DT 33914 1134 19 Pyrrhuloxinae Pyrrhuloxinae NNP 33914 1134 20 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1134 21 = = NFP 33914 1134 22 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1134 23 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1134 24 , , , 33914 1134 25 the the DT 33914 1134 26 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1134 27 , , , 33914 1134 28 and and CC 33914 1134 29 the the DT 33914 1134 30 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 1134 31 are be VBP 33914 1134 32 closely closely RB 33914 1134 33 related related JJ 33914 1134 34 . . . 33914 1135 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1135 2 places place VBZ 33914 1135 3 these these DT 33914 1135 4 groups group NNS 33914 1135 5 in in IN 33914 1135 6 the the DT 33914 1135 7 Family Family NNP 33914 1135 8 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1135 9 . . . 33914 1136 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1136 2 excludes exclude VBZ 33914 1136 3 the the DT 33914 1136 4 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1136 5 from from IN 33914 1136 6 this this DT 33914 1136 7 group group NN 33914 1136 8 and and CC 33914 1136 9 places place VBZ 33914 1136 10 them -PRON- PRP 33914 1136 11 with with IN 33914 1136 12 the the DT 33914 1136 13 wood wood NN 33914 1136 14 warblers warbler NNS 33914 1136 15 in in IN 33914 1136 16 the the DT 33914 1136 17 Family Family NNP 33914 1136 18 Parulidae Parulidae NNP 33914 1136 19 . . . 33914 1137 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1137 2 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1137 3 that that IN 33914 1137 4 the the DT 33914 1137 5 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1137 6 constitute constitute VBP 33914 1137 7 a a DT 33914 1137 8 family family NN 33914 1137 9 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1137 10 Estrildidae Estrildidae NNP 33914 1137 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1137 12 separate separate VBP 33914 1137 13 from from IN 33914 1137 14 the the DT 33914 1137 15 Family Family NNP 33914 1137 16 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1137 17 . . . 33914 1138 1 From from IN 33914 1138 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1138 3 studies study NNS 33914 1138 4 of of IN 33914 1138 5 certain certain JJ 33914 1138 6 features feature NNS 33914 1138 7 of of IN 33914 1138 8 the the DT 33914 1138 9 bony bony NN 33914 1138 10 palate palate NN 33914 1138 11 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1138 12 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1138 13 1954:25 1954:25 CD 33914 1138 14 - - SYM 33914 1138 15 26 26 CD 33914 1138 16 , , , 33914 1138 17 32 32 CD 33914 1138 18 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1138 19 concludes conclude VBZ 33914 1138 20 that that IN 33914 1138 21 the the DT 33914 1138 22 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1138 23 , , , 33914 1138 24 the the DT 33914 1138 25 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1138 26 , , , 33914 1138 27 and and CC 33914 1138 28 the the DT 33914 1138 29 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1138 30 have have VBP 33914 1138 31 a a DT 33914 1138 32 common common JJ 33914 1138 33 origin origin NN 33914 1138 34 and and CC 33914 1138 35 places place VBZ 33914 1138 36 these these DT 33914 1138 37 groups group NNS 33914 1138 38 in in IN 33914 1138 39 the the DT 33914 1138 40 Family Family NNP 33914 1138 41 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1138 42 . . . 33914 1139 1 He -PRON- PRP 33914 1139 2 excludes exclude VBZ 33914 1139 3 the the DT 33914 1139 4 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1139 5 from from IN 33914 1139 6 this this DT 33914 1139 7 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1139 8 , , , 33914 1139 9 suggests suggest VBZ 33914 1139 10 that that IN 33914 1139 11 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1139 12 are be VBP 33914 1139 13 closely closely RB 33914 1139 14 related related JJ 33914 1139 15 to to IN 33914 1139 16 the the DT 33914 1139 17 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1139 18 , , , 33914 1139 19 and and CC 33914 1139 20 includes include VBZ 33914 1139 21 them -PRON- PRP 33914 1139 22 as as IN 33914 1139 23 the the DT 33914 1139 24 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1139 25 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1139 26 in in IN 33914 1139 27 the the DT 33914 1139 28 Family Family NNP 33914 1139 29 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1139 30 . . . 33914 1140 1 In in IN 33914 1140 2 this this DT 33914 1140 3 paper paper NN 33914 1140 4 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1140 5 have have VBP 33914 1140 6 presented present VBN 33914 1140 7 data datum NNS 33914 1140 8 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1140 9 from from IN 33914 1140 10 the the DT 33914 1140 11 study study NN 33914 1140 12 of of IN 33914 1140 13 certain certain JJ 33914 1140 14 features feature NNS 33914 1140 15 of of IN 33914 1140 16 morphology morphology NN 33914 1140 17 and and CC 33914 1140 18 biochemistry biochemistry NN 33914 1140 19 which which WDT 33914 1140 20 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1140 21 think think VBP 33914 1140 22 are be VBP 33914 1140 23 less less RBR 33914 1140 24 subject subject JJ 33914 1140 25 to to IN 33914 1140 26 the the DT 33914 1140 27 influence influence NN 33914 1140 28 of of IN 33914 1140 29 environmental environmental JJ 33914 1140 30 factors factor NNS 33914 1140 31 than than IN 33914 1140 32 those those DT 33914 1140 33 features feature NNS 33914 1140 34 studied study VBN 33914 1140 35 by by IN 33914 1140 36 recent recent JJ 33914 1140 37 workers worker NNS 33914 1140 38 . . . 33914 1141 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1141 2 is be VBZ 33914 1141 3 significant significant JJ 33914 1141 4 that that IN 33914 1141 5 the the DT 33914 1141 6 data datum NNS 33914 1141 7 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1141 8 by by IN 33914 1141 9 use use NN 33914 1141 10 of of IN 33914 1141 11 serological serological JJ 33914 1141 12 techniques technique NNS 33914 1141 13 and and CC 33914 1141 14 those those DT 33914 1141 15 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1141 16 from from IN 33914 1141 17 the the DT 33914 1141 18 study study NN 33914 1141 19 of of IN 33914 1141 20 leg leg NN 33914 1141 21 - - HYPH 33914 1141 22 musculature musculature NN 33914 1141 23 point point NN 33914 1141 24 to to IN 33914 1141 25 the the DT 33914 1141 26 same same JJ 33914 1141 27 conclusions conclusion NNS 33914 1141 28 . . . 33914 1142 1 On on IN 33914 1142 2 the the DT 33914 1142 3 basis basis NN 33914 1142 4 of of IN 33914 1142 5 these these DT 33914 1142 6 data datum NNS 33914 1142 7 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1142 8 have have VBP 33914 1142 9 drawn draw VBN 33914 1142 10 several several JJ 33914 1142 11 conclusions conclusion NNS 33914 1142 12 concerning concern VBG 33914 1142 13 the the DT 33914 1142 14 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1142 15 of of IN 33914 1142 16 the the DT 33914 1142 17 groups group NNS 33914 1142 18 which which WDT 33914 1142 19 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1142 20 studied study VBD 33914 1142 21 . . . 33914 1143 1 The the DT 33914 1143 2 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1143 3 , , , 33914 1143 4 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1143 5 , , , 33914 1143 6 and and CC 33914 1143 7 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1143 8 are be VBP 33914 1143 9 closely closely RB 33914 1143 10 related related JJ 33914 1143 11 and and CC 33914 1143 12 should should MD 33914 1143 13 be be VB 33914 1143 14 included include VBN 33914 1143 15 in in IN 33914 1143 16 a a DT 33914 1143 17 single single JJ 33914 1143 18 family family NN 33914 1143 19 , , , 33914 1143 20 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1143 21 . . . 33914 1144 1 The the DT 33914 1144 2 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1144 3 and and CC 33914 1144 4 the the DT 33914 1144 5 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1144 6 are be VBP 33914 1144 7 closely closely RB 33914 1144 8 related related JJ 33914 1144 9 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1144 10 . . . 33914 1145 1 Although although IN 33914 1145 2 most most JJS 33914 1145 3 recent recent JJ 33914 1145 4 classifications classification NNS 33914 1145 5 place place VBP 33914 1145 6 the the DT 33914 1145 7 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1145 8 and and CC 33914 1145 9 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1145 10 in in IN 33914 1145 11 the the DT 33914 1145 12 Family Family NNP 33914 1145 13 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1145 14 , , , 33914 1145 15 the the DT 33914 1145 16 serological serological JJ 33914 1145 17 evidence evidence NN 33914 1145 18 indicates indicate VBZ 33914 1145 19 that that IN 33914 1145 20 these these DT 33914 1145 21 groups group NNS 33914 1145 22 are be VBP 33914 1145 23 not not RB 33914 1145 24 closely closely RB 33914 1145 25 related related JJ 33914 1145 26 . . . 33914 1146 1 Beecher beecher NN 33914 1146 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1146 3 1953:303 1953:303 CD 33914 1146 4 - - SYM 33914 1146 5 304 304 CD 33914 1146 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1146 7 drew draw VBD 33914 1146 8 the the DT 33914 1146 9 same same JJ 33914 1146 10 conclusion conclusion NN 33914 1146 11 from from IN 33914 1146 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1146 13 study study NN 33914 1146 14 of of IN 33914 1146 15 jaw jaw NN 33914 1146 16 - - HYPH 33914 1146 17 musculature musculature NN 33914 1146 18 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1146 19 see see VB 33914 1146 20 above above RB 33914 1146 21 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1146 22 . . . 33914 1147 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1147 2 suggest suggest VBP 33914 1147 3 , , , 33914 1147 4 therefore therefore RB 33914 1147 5 , , , 33914 1147 6 that that IN 33914 1147 7 the the DT 33914 1147 8 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1147 9 and and CC 33914 1147 10 the the DT 33914 1147 11 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1147 12 be be VB 33914 1147 13 placed place VBN 33914 1147 14 in in IN 33914 1147 15 a a DT 33914 1147 16 family family NN 33914 1147 17 separate separate JJ 33914 1147 18 from from IN 33914 1147 19 the the DT 33914 1147 20 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1147 21 and and CC 33914 1147 22 that that IN 33914 1147 23 the the DT 33914 1147 24 name name NN 33914 1147 25 Carduelidae Carduelidae NNP 33914 1147 26 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1147 27 rather rather RB 33914 1147 28 than than IN 33914 1147 29 Estrildidae Estrildidae NNP 33914 1147 30 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1147 31 be be VB 33914 1147 32 used use VBN 33914 1147 33 for for IN 33914 1147 34 this this DT 33914 1147 35 group group NN 33914 1147 36 . . . 33914 1148 1 At at IN 33914 1148 2 present present NN 33914 1148 3 , , , 33914 1148 4 neither neither CC 33914 1148 5 is be VBZ 33914 1148 6 an an DT 33914 1148 7 accepted accepted JJ 33914 1148 8 family family NN 33914 1148 9 name name NN 33914 1148 10 . . . 33914 1149 1 Because because IN 33914 1149 2 _ _ NNP 33914 1149 3 Carduelis Carduelis NNP 33914 1149 4 _ _ NNP 33914 1149 5 Brisson Brisson NNP 33914 1149 6 1760 1760 CD 33914 1149 7 is be VBZ 33914 1149 8 an an DT 33914 1149 9 older old JJR 33914 1149 10 name name NN 33914 1149 11 than than IN 33914 1149 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1149 13 Estrilda Estrilda NNP 33914 1149 14 _ _ NNP 33914 1149 15 Swainson Swainson NNP 33914 1149 16 1827 1827 CD 33914 1149 17 and and CC 33914 1149 18 because because IN 33914 1149 19 _ _ NNP 33914 1149 20 Carduelis Carduelis NNP 33914 1149 21 _ _ NNP 33914 1149 22 seems seem VBZ 33914 1149 23 to to TO 33914 1149 24 be be VB 33914 1149 25 a a DT 33914 1149 26 centrally centrally RB 33914 1149 27 located locate VBN 33914 1149 28 genus genus NN 33914 1149 29 in in IN 33914 1149 30 the the DT 33914 1149 31 family family NN 33914 1149 32 , , , 33914 1149 33 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1149 34 have have VBP 33914 1149 35 chosen choose VBN 33914 1149 36 the the DT 33914 1149 37 former former JJ 33914 1149 38 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1149 39 although although IN 33914 1149 40 the the DT 33914 1149 41 International International NNP 33914 1149 42 Rules Rules NNPS 33914 1149 43 of of IN 33914 1149 44 Zoological Zoological NNP 33914 1149 45 Nomenclature Nomenclature NNP 33914 1149 46 do do VBP 33914 1149 47 not not RB 33914 1149 48 specify specify VB 33914 1149 49 that that IN 33914 1149 50 priority priority NN 33914 1149 51 must must MD 33914 1149 52 apply apply VB 33914 1149 53 in in IN 33914 1149 54 forming form VBG 33914 1149 55 family family NN 33914 1149 56 names name NNS 33914 1149 57 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1149 58 . . . 33914 1150 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1150 2 have have VBP 33914 1150 3 been be VBN 33914 1150 4 unable unable JJ 33914 1150 5 to to TO 33914 1150 6 study study VB 33914 1150 7 any any DT 33914 1150 8 of of IN 33914 1150 9 the the DT 33914 1150 10 species specie NNS 33914 1150 11 included include VBN 33914 1150 12 in in IN 33914 1150 13 the the DT 33914 1150 14 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1150 15 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 1150 16 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1150 17 not not RB 33914 1150 18 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 1150 19 of of IN 33914 1150 20 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1150 21 , , , 33914 1150 22 see see VB 33914 1150 23 1954:23 1954:23 CD 33914 1150 24 - - SYM 33914 1150 25 24 24 CD 33914 1150 26 , , , 33914 1150 27 and and CC 33914 1150 28 below below RB 33914 1150 29 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1150 30 and and CC 33914 1150 31 Geospizinae Geospizinae NNP 33914 1150 32 of of IN 33914 1150 33 recent recent JJ 33914 1150 34 classifications classification NNS 33914 1150 35 ; ; : 33914 1150 36 thus thus RB 33914 1150 37 these these DT 33914 1150 38 groups group NNS 33914 1150 39 have have VBP 33914 1150 40 not not RB 33914 1150 41 been be VBN 33914 1150 42 discussed discuss VBN 33914 1150 43 above above RB 33914 1150 44 . . . 33914 1151 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1151 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1151 3 1953:307 1953:307 CD 33914 1151 4 - - SYM 33914 1151 5 308 308 CD 33914 1151 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1151 7 includes include VBZ 33914 1151 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1151 9 Fringilla Fringilla NNP 33914 1151 10 _ _ NNP 33914 1151 11 in in IN 33914 1151 12 the the DT 33914 1151 13 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1151 14 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1151 15 ; ; : 33914 1151 16 he -PRON- PRP 33914 1151 17 includes include VBZ 33914 1151 18 the the DT 33914 1151 19 geospizines geospizine NNS 33914 1151 20 in in IN 33914 1151 21 a a DT 33914 1151 22 separate separate JJ 33914 1151 23 family family NN 33914 1151 24 , , , 33914 1151 25 Geospizidae Geospizidae NNP 33914 1151 26 , , , 33914 1151 27 and and CC 33914 1151 28 states state VBZ 33914 1151 29 that that IN 33914 1151 30 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1151 31 are be VBP 33914 1151 32 derived derive VBN 33914 1151 33 from from IN 33914 1151 34 the the DT 33914 1151 35 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1151 36 . . . 33914 1152 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1152 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1152 3 1954:23 1954:23 CD 33914 1152 4 - - SYM 33914 1152 5 24 24 CD 33914 1152 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1152 7 found find VBD 33914 1152 8 that that IN 33914 1152 9 in in IN 33914 1152 10 features feature NNS 33914 1152 11 of of IN 33914 1152 12 the the DT 33914 1152 13 bony bony NN 33914 1152 14 palate palate NN 33914 1152 15 _ _ NNP 33914 1152 16 Fringilla Fringilla NNP 33914 1152 17 _ _ NNP 33914 1152 18 and and CC 33914 1152 19 the the DT 33914 1152 20 geospizines geospizine NNS 33914 1152 21 resemble resemble VBP 33914 1152 22 the the DT 33914 1152 23 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1152 24 and and CC 33914 1152 25 , , , 33914 1152 26 on on IN 33914 1152 27 this this DT 33914 1152 28 basis basis NN 33914 1152 29 , , , 33914 1152 30 includes include VBZ 33914 1152 31 them -PRON- PRP 33914 1152 32 in in IN 33914 1152 33 the the DT 33914 1152 34 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1152 35 Fringillinae Fringillinae NNP 33914 1152 36 . . . 33914 1153 1 The the DT 33914 1153 2 Dickcissel Dickcissel NNP 33914 1153 3 , , , 33914 1153 4 _ _ NNP 33914 1153 5 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1153 6 americana americana VBZ 33914 1153 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1153 8 , , , 33914 1153 9 possesses possess VBZ 33914 1153 10 certain certain JJ 33914 1153 11 features feature NNS 33914 1153 12 which which WDT 33914 1153 13 merit merit VBP 33914 1153 14 special special JJ 33914 1153 15 discussion discussion NN 33914 1153 16 . . . 33914 1154 1 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1154 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1154 3 1951a:431 1951a:431 CD 33914 1154 4 ; ; : 33914 1154 5 1953:309 1953:309 CD 33914 1154 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1154 7 , , , 33914 1154 8 on on IN 33914 1154 9 the the DT 33914 1154 10 basis basis NN 33914 1154 11 of of IN 33914 1154 12 jaw jaw NN 33914 1154 13 - - HYPH 33914 1154 14 musculature musculature NN 33914 1154 15 , , , 33914 1154 16 considers consider VBZ 33914 1154 17 it -PRON- PRP 33914 1154 18 an an DT 33914 1154 19 icterid icterid JJ 33914 1154 20 . . . 33914 1155 1 To to TO 33914 1155 2 be be VB 33914 1155 3 sure sure JJ 33914 1155 4 _ _ NNP 33914 1155 5 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1155 6 _ _ NNP 33914 1155 7 is be VBZ 33914 1155 8 in in IN 33914 1155 9 many many JJ 33914 1155 10 ways way NNS 33914 1155 11 an an DT 33914 1155 12 aberrant aberrant JJ 33914 1155 13 member member NN 33914 1155 14 of of IN 33914 1155 15 the the DT 33914 1155 16 group group NN 33914 1155 17 to to TO 33914 1155 18 which which WDT 33914 1155 19 it -PRON- PRP 33914 1155 20 is be VBZ 33914 1155 21 now now RB 33914 1155 22 assigned assign VBN 33914 1155 23 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1155 24 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1155 25 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1155 26 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1155 27 . . . 33914 1156 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1156 2 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1156 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1156 4 , , , 33914 1156 5 serologically serologically RB 33914 1156 6 , , , 33914 1156 7 is be VBZ 33914 1156 8 closely closely RB 33914 1156 9 related related JJ 33914 1156 10 to to IN 33914 1156 11 all all DT 33914 1156 12 species specie NNS 33914 1156 13 of of IN 33914 1156 14 the the DT 33914 1156 15 richmondenine richmondenine JJ 33914 1156 16 - - HYPH 33914 1156 17 emberizine emberizine NN 33914 1156 18 - - HYPH 33914 1156 19 thraupid thraupid NN 33914 1156 20 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1156 21 . . . 33914 1157 1 Within within IN 33914 1157 2 this this DT 33914 1157 3 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1157 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1157 5 nearest near JJS 33914 1157 6 relatives relative NNS 33914 1157 7 are be VBP 33914 1157 8 the the DT 33914 1157 9 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1157 10 . . . 33914 1158 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1158 2 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1158 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1158 4 differs differ VBZ 33914 1158 5 from from IN 33914 1158 6 the the DT 33914 1158 7 other other JJ 33914 1158 8 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1158 9 studied study VBD 33914 1158 10 and and CC 33914 1158 11 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 1158 12 the the DT 33914 1158 13 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1158 14 and and CC 33914 1158 15 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1158 16 in in IN 33914 1158 17 the the DT 33914 1158 18 possession possession NN 33914 1158 19 of of IN 33914 1158 20 the the DT 33914 1158 21 muscular muscular JJ 33914 1158 22 band band NN 33914 1158 23 which which WDT 33914 1158 24 extends extend VBZ 33914 1158 25 from from IN 33914 1158 26 the the DT 33914 1158 27 _ _ NNP 33914 1158 28 pars par NNS 33914 1158 29 interna interna NNP 33914 1158 30 _ _ NNP 33914 1158 31 of of IN 33914 1158 32 the the DT 33914 1158 33 _ _ NNP 33914 1158 34 m. m. NN 33914 1159 1 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NNP 33914 1159 2 _ _ NNP 33914 1159 3 around around IN 33914 1159 4 the the DT 33914 1159 5 front front NN 33914 1159 6 of of IN 33914 1159 7 the the DT 33914 1159 8 knee knee NN 33914 1159 9 . . . 33914 1160 1 This this DT 33914 1160 2 band band NN 33914 1160 3 , , , 33914 1160 4 in in IN 33914 1160 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1160 6 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1160 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1160 8 , , , 33914 1160 9 is be VBZ 33914 1160 10 smaller small JJR 33914 1160 11 , , , 33914 1160 12 however however RB 33914 1160 13 , , , 33914 1160 14 than than IN 33914 1160 15 in in IN 33914 1160 16 any any DT 33914 1160 17 of of IN 33914 1160 18 the the DT 33914 1160 19 other other JJ 33914 1160 20 species specie NNS 33914 1160 21 . . . 33914 1161 1 No no DT 33914 1161 2 icterid icterid NNP 33914 1161 3 dissected dissect VBN 33914 1161 4 possesses possesse NNS 33914 1161 5 such such PDT 33914 1161 6 a a DT 33914 1161 7 structure structure NN 33914 1161 8 . . . 33914 1162 1 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1162 2 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1162 3 1954:29 1954:29 CD 33914 1162 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1162 5 states state VBZ 33914 1162 6 that that IN 33914 1162 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1162 8 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1162 9 _ _ NNP 33914 1162 10 is be VBZ 33914 1162 11 typically typically RB 33914 1162 12 richmondenine richmondenine JJ 33914 1162 13 in in IN 33914 1162 14 palatal palatal JJ 33914 1162 15 structure structure NN 33914 1162 16 and and CC 33914 1162 17 makes make VBZ 33914 1162 18 the the DT 33914 1162 19 suggestion suggestion NN 33914 1162 20 , , , 33914 1162 21 with with IN 33914 1162 22 which which WDT 33914 1162 23 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1162 24 agree agree VBP 33914 1162 25 , , , 33914 1162 26 that that IN 33914 1162 27 _ _ NNP 33914 1162 28 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1162 29 _ _ NNP 33914 1162 30 is be VBZ 33914 1162 31 a a DT 33914 1162 32 richmondenine richmondenine NN 33914 1162 33 and and CC 33914 1162 34 may may MD 33914 1162 35 be be VB 33914 1162 36 closely closely RB 33914 1162 37 related relate VBN 33914 1162 38 to to IN 33914 1162 39 the the DT 33914 1162 40 ancestral ancestral JJ 33914 1162 41 stock stock NN 33914 1162 42 which which WDT 33914 1162 43 gave give VBD 33914 1162 44 rise rise NN 33914 1162 45 to to IN 33914 1162 46 the the DT 33914 1162 47 fringillid fringillid JJ 33914 1162 48 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1162 49 . . . 33914 1163 1 The the DT 33914 1163 2 serological serological JJ 33914 1163 3 position position NN 33914 1163 4 of of IN 33914 1163 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1163 6 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1163 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1163 8 , , , 33914 1163 9 approximately approximately RB 33914 1163 10 equidistant equidistant JJ 33914 1163 11 from from IN 33914 1163 12 the the DT 33914 1163 13 other other JJ 33914 1163 14 fringillids fringillid NNS 33914 1163 15 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1163 16 Figs fig NNS 33914 1163 17 . . . 33914 1164 1 22 22 CD 33914 1164 2 , , , 33914 1164 3 23 23 CD 33914 1164 4 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1164 5 , , , 33914 1164 6 and and CC 33914 1164 7 the the DT 33914 1164 8 presence presence NN 33914 1164 9 of of IN 33914 1164 10 the the DT 33914 1164 11 small small JJ 33914 1164 12 muscular muscular JJ 33914 1164 13 band band NN 33914 1164 14 around around IN 33914 1164 15 the the DT 33914 1164 16 front front NN 33914 1164 17 of of IN 33914 1164 18 the the DT 33914 1164 19 knee knee NN 33914 1164 20 constitute constitute NN 33914 1164 21 evidence evidence NN 33914 1164 22 supporting support VBG 33914 1164 23 the the DT 33914 1164 24 central central JJ 33914 1164 25 position position NN 33914 1164 26 of of IN 33914 1164 27 _ _ NNP 33914 1164 28 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1164 29 _ _ NNP 33914 1164 30 . . . 33914 1165 1 After after IN 33914 1165 2 consideration consideration NN 33914 1165 3 of of IN 33914 1165 4 evidence evidence NN 33914 1165 5 from from IN 33914 1165 6 the the DT 33914 1165 7 studies study NNS 33914 1165 8 of of IN 33914 1165 9 external external JJ 33914 1165 10 morphology morphology NN 33914 1165 11 , , , 33914 1165 12 ethology ethology NN 33914 1165 13 , , , 33914 1165 14 myology myology NN 33914 1165 15 , , , 33914 1165 16 osteology osteology NN 33914 1165 17 , , , 33914 1165 18 and and CC 33914 1165 19 serology serology NN 33914 1165 20 , , , 33914 1165 21 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1165 22 propose propose VBP 33914 1165 23 here here RB 33914 1165 24 an an DT 33914 1165 25 arrangement arrangement NN 33914 1165 26 of of IN 33914 1165 27 the the DT 33914 1165 28 groups group NNS 33914 1165 29 which which WDT 33914 1165 30 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1165 31 have have VBP 33914 1165 32 studied study VBN 33914 1165 33 and and CC 33914 1165 34 submit submit VB 33914 1165 35 for for IN 33914 1165 36 comparison comparison NN 33914 1165 37 the the DT 33914 1165 38 arrangements arrangement NNS 33914 1165 39 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1165 40 of of IN 33914 1165 41 these these DT 33914 1165 42 groups group NNS 33914 1165 43 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1165 44 proposed propose VBN 33914 1165 45 by by IN 33914 1165 46 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1165 47 and and CC 33914 1165 48 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1165 49 . . . 33914 1166 1 The the DT 33914 1166 2 names name NNS 33914 1166 3 of of IN 33914 1166 4 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1166 5 that that WDT 33914 1166 6 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1166 7 have have VBP 33914 1166 8 been be VBN 33914 1166 9 unable unable JJ 33914 1166 10 to to TO 33914 1166 11 study study VB 33914 1166 12 are be VBP 33914 1166 13 included include VBN 33914 1166 14 in in IN 33914 1166 15 my -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1166 16 classification classification NN 33914 1166 17 and and CC 33914 1166 18 are be VBP 33914 1166 19 placed place VBN 33914 1166 20 in in IN 33914 1166 21 brackets bracket NNS 33914 1166 22 . . . 33914 1167 1 ------------------------+----------------------+----------------------- ------------------------+----------------------+----------------------- NFP 33914 1167 2 | | NNS 33914 1167 3 Proposed propose VBN 33914 1167 4 by by IN 33914 1167 5 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 33914 1167 6 | | NNP 33914 1167 7 Proposed propose VBN 33914 1167 8 by by IN 33914 1167 9 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1167 10 Here here RB 33914 1167 11 proposed propose VBD 33914 1167 12 : : : 33914 1167 13 | | NNP 33914 1167 14 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1167 15 1954 1954 CD 33914 1167 16 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1167 17 on on IN 33914 1167 18 the the DT 33914 1167 19 basis basis NN 33914 1167 20 | | NNS 33914 1167 21 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1167 22 1953 1953 CD 33914 1167 23 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1167 24 on on IN 33914 1167 25 the the DT 33914 1167 26 basis basis NN 33914 1167 27 | | NNP 33914 1167 28 of of IN 33914 1167 29 the the DT 33914 1167 30 bony bony NNP 33914 1167 31 palate palate NN 33914 1167 32 : : : 33914 1167 33 | | CD 33914 1167 34 of of IN 33914 1167 35 jaw jaw NN 33914 1167 36 - - HYPH 33914 1167 37 musculature musculature NN 33914 1167 38 : : : 33914 1167 39 = = NFP 33914 1167 40 = = SYM 33914 1167 41 = = SYM 33914 1167 42 = = SYM 33914 1167 43 = = SYM 33914 1167 44 = = SYM 33914 1167 45 = = SYM 33914 1167 46 = = SYM 33914 1167 47 = = SYM 33914 1167 48 = = SYM 33914 1167 49 = = SYM 33914 1167 50 = = SYM 33914 1167 51 = = SYM 33914 1167 52 = = SYM 33914 1167 53 = = SYM 33914 1167 54 = = SYM 33914 1167 55 = = SYM 33914 1167 56 = = SYM 33914 1167 57 = = SYM 33914 1167 58 = = SYM 33914 1167 59 = = SYM 33914 1167 60 = = SYM 33914 1167 61 = = NFP 33914 1167 62 = = SYM 33914 1167 63 + + SYM 33914 1167 64 = = SYM 33914 1167 65 = = SYM 33914 1167 66 = = SYM 33914 1167 67 = = SYM 33914 1167 68 = = SYM 33914 1167 69 = = SYM 33914 1167 70 = = SYM 33914 1167 71 = = SYM 33914 1167 72 = = SYM 33914 1167 73 = = SYM 33914 1167 74 = = SYM 33914 1167 75 = = SYM 33914 1167 76 = = SYM 33914 1167 77 = = SYM 33914 1167 78 = = SYM 33914 1167 79 = = SYM 33914 1167 80 = = SYM 33914 1167 81 = = SYM 33914 1167 82 = = SYM 33914 1167 83 = = SYM 33914 1167 84 = = NFP 33914 1167 85 = = SYM 33914 1167 86 + + SYM 33914 1167 87 = = SYM 33914 1167 88 = = SYM 33914 1167 89 = = SYM 33914 1167 90 = = SYM 33914 1167 91 = = SYM 33914 1167 92 = = SYM 33914 1167 93 = = SYM 33914 1167 94 = = SYM 33914 1167 95 = = SYM 33914 1167 96 = = SYM 33914 1167 97 = = SYM 33914 1167 98 = = SYM 33914 1167 99 = = SYM 33914 1167 100 = = SYM 33914 1167 101 = = SYM 33914 1167 102 = = SYM 33914 1167 103 = = SYM 33914 1167 104 = = SYM 33914 1167 105 = = SYM 33914 1167 106 = = SYM 33914 1167 107 = = SYM 33914 1167 108 = = NFP 33914 1167 109 = = SYM 33914 1167 110 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1167 111 PLOCEIDAE PLOCEIDAE NNP 33914 1167 112 | | NNPS 33914 1167 113 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1167 114 PLOCEIDAE PLOCEIDAE NNP 33914 1167 115 | | NNP 33914 1167 116 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1167 117 PLOCEIDAE PLOCEIDAE NNP 33914 1167 118 | | NNS 33914 1167 119 | | NNS 33914 1167 120 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1167 121 Subf Subf NNP 33914 1167 122 . . . 33914 1168 1 Bubalornithinae Bubalornithinae NNP 33914 1168 2 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1168 3 |Subf |subf NN 33914 1168 4 . . . 33914 1169 1 Bubalornithinae Bubalornithinae NNP 33914 1169 2 | | NNP 33914 1169 3 | | NNP 33914 1169 4 | | NNP 33914 1169 5 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1169 6 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1169 7 : : : 33914 1169 8 |Subfamily |subfamily RB 33914 1169 9 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1169 10 | | CD 33914 1169 11 Subfamily subfamily RB 33914 1169 12 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1169 13 distinguished distinguish VBD 33914 1169 14 from from IN 33914 1169 15 the the DT 33914 1169 16 | | NNP 33914 1169 17 | | NNP 33914 1169 18 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1169 19 by by IN 33914 1169 20 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1169 21 | | POS 33914 1169 22 | | NNS 33914 1169 23 of of IN 33914 1169 24 jaw jaw NN 33914 1169 25 - - HYPH 33914 1169 26 musculature musculature NN 33914 1169 27 | | HYPH 33914 1169 28 | | NNS 33914 1169 29 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1169 30 Beecher Beecher NNP 33914 1169 31 , , , 33914 1169 32 1953:303 1953:303 CD 33914 1169 33 - - SYM 33914 1169 34 304 304 CD 33914 1169 35 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1169 36 | | CD 33914 1169 37 | | NNS 33914 1169 38 and and CC 33914 1169 39 on on IN 33914 1169 40 the the DT 33914 1169 41 basis basis NN 33914 1169 42 of of IN 33914 1169 43 | | CD 33914 1169 44 | | CD 33914 1169 45 comparative comparative JJ 33914 1169 46 serology serology NN 33914 1169 47 of of IN 33914 1169 48 | | CD 33914 1169 49 | | CD 33914 1169 50 saline saline JJ 33914 1169 51 - - HYPH 33914 1169 52 soluble soluble JJ 33914 1169 53 proteins.| proteins.| NNP 33914 1169 54 | | NNP 33914 1169 55 | | NNP 33914 1169 56 | | CD 33914 1169 57 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1169 58 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1169 59 Ploceinae Ploceinae NNP 33914 1169 60 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1169 61 |Subfamily |Subfamily VBZ 33914 1169 62 Ploceinae Ploceinae NNP 33914 1169 63 | | NNP 33914 1169 64 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1169 65 Ploceinae Ploceinae NNP 33914 1169 66 | | NNP 33914 1169 67 | | NNP 33914 1169 68 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1169 69 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1169 70 Viduinae Viduinae NNP 33914 1169 71 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1169 72 |Subfamily |Subfamily VBZ 33914 1169 73 Viduinae Viduinae NNP 33914 1169 74 | | NNP 33914 1169 75 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1169 76 Viduinae Viduinae NNP 33914 1169 77 | | NNP 33914 1169 78 | | NNP 33914 1169 79 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1169 80 CARDUELIDAE CARDUELIDAE NNP 33914 1169 81 | | NNP 33914 1169 82 | | NNP 33914 1169 83 | | CD 33914 1169 84 | | NNS 33914 1169 85 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1169 86 Estrildinae estrildinae NN 33914 1169 87 : : : 33914 1169 88 |Subfamily |Subfamily `` 33914 1169 89 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1169 90 | | CD 33914 1169 91 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1169 92 ESTRILDIDAE ESTRILDIDAE NNP 33914 1169 93 similar similar JJ 33914 1169 94 to to IN 33914 1169 95 the the DT 33914 1169 96 | | NNP 33914 1169 97 | | NNP 33914 1169 98 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1169 99 in in IN 33914 1169 100 features features NNP 33914 1169 101 | | NNP 33914 1169 102 | | NNP 33914 1169 103 of of IN 33914 1169 104 the the DT 33914 1169 105 bony bony NNP 33914 1169 106 palate palate NN 33914 1169 107 and and CC 33914 1169 108 | | CD 33914 1169 109 | | NNS 33914 1169 110 habits habit NNS 33914 1169 111 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1169 112 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1169 113 , , , 33914 1169 114 1954 1954 CD 33914 1169 115 : : : 33914 1169 116 | | CD 33914 1169 117 | | CD 33914 1169 118 18 18 CD 33914 1169 119 - - HYPH 33914 1169 120 22 22 CD 33914 1169 121 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1169 122 and and CC 33914 1169 123 in in IN 33914 1169 124 patterns patterns NNPS 33914 1169 125 | | NNP 33914 1169 126 | | NNS 33914 1169 127 of of IN 33914 1169 128 leg leg NN 33914 1169 129 - - HYPH 33914 1169 130 musculature musculature NN 33914 1169 131 and and CC 33914 1169 132 | | JJ 33914 1169 133 | | CD 33914 1169 134 comparative comparative JJ 33914 1169 135 serology serology NN 33914 1169 136 | | NNP 33914 1169 137 | | NNP 33914 1169 138 of of IN 33914 1169 139 saline saline NN 33914 1169 140 - - HYPH 33914 1169 141 soluble soluble JJ 33914 1169 142 | | CD 33914 1169 143 | | NNS 33914 1169 144 proteins protein NNS 33914 1169 145 . . . 33914 1170 1 | | NNP 33914 1170 2 | | CD 33914 1170 3 | | CD 33914 1170 4 | | CD 33914 1170 5 Subfamily subfamily RB 33914 1170 6 Carduelinae carduelinae NN 33914 1170 7 : : : 33914 1170 8 |Subfamily |Subfamily `` 33914 1170 9 Carduelinae carduelinae IN 33914 1170 10 | | CD 33914 1170 11 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1170 12 In in IN 33914 1170 13 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1170 14 below below RB 33914 1170 15 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1170 16 distinguished distinguish VBN 33914 1170 17 from from IN 33914 1170 18 the the DT 33914 1170 19 | | NNP 33914 1170 20 | | CD 33914 1170 21 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1170 22 by by IN 33914 1170 23 features| features| NNPS 33914 1170 24 | | CD 33914 1170 25 of of IN 33914 1170 26 the the DT 33914 1170 27 palate palate NN 33914 1170 28 , , , 33914 1170 29 | | CD 33914 1170 30 | | NNP 33914 1170 31 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1170 32 distribution,| distribution,| CD 33914 1170 33 | | HYPH 33914 1170 34 migration migration NN 33914 1170 35 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1170 36 , , , 33914 1170 37 and and CC 33914 1170 38 | | CD 33914 1170 39 | | NNS 33914 1170 40 habits habit NNS 33914 1170 41 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1170 42 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1170 43 , , , 33914 1170 44 1954 1954 CD 33914 1170 45 : : : 33914 1170 46 | | CD 33914 1170 47 | | CD 33914 1170 48 14 14 CD 33914 1170 49 - - SYM 33914 1170 50 18 18 CD 33914 1170 51 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1170 52 and and CC 33914 1170 53 by by IN 33914 1170 54 patterns patterns NNPS 33914 1170 55 | | NNP 33914 1170 56 | | NNS 33914 1170 57 of of IN 33914 1170 58 leg leg NN 33914 1170 59 - - HYPH 33914 1170 60 musculature musculature NN 33914 1170 61 and and CC 33914 1170 62 | | JJ 33914 1170 63 | | CD 33914 1170 64 comparative comparative JJ 33914 1170 65 serology serology NN 33914 1170 66 | | NNP 33914 1170 67 | | NNP 33914 1170 68 of of IN 33914 1170 69 saline saline NN 33914 1170 70 - - HYPH 33914 1170 71 soluble soluble JJ 33914 1170 72 | | CD 33914 1170 73 | | NNS 33914 1170 74 proteins protein NNS 33914 1170 75 . . . 33914 1171 1 | | NNP 33914 1171 2 | | CD 33914 1171 3 | | NNP 33914 1171 4 | | NNP 33914 1171 5 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1171 6 FRINGILLIDAE FRINGILLIDAE NNP 33914 1171 7 : : : 33914 1171 8 all| all| NNP 33914 1171 9 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1171 10 FRINGILLIDAE FRINGILLIDAE NNP 33914 1171 11 | | NNP 33914 1171 12 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1171 13 PARULIDAE PARULIDAE NNP 33914 1171 14 members member NNS 33914 1171 15 of of IN 33914 1171 16 this this DT 33914 1171 17 family family NN 33914 1171 18 | | CD 33914 1171 19 | | NNS 33914 1171 20 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1171 21 Parulinae Parulinae NNP 33914 1171 22 show show NN 33914 1171 23 similarities similarity NNS 33914 1171 24 in in IN 33914 1171 25 | | CD 33914 1171 26 | | NNP 33914 1171 27 Subfamily subfamily RB 33914 1171 28 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1171 29 features feature NNS 33914 1171 30 of of IN 33914 1171 31 the the DT 33914 1171 32 bony bony NNP 33914 1171 33 | | NNP 33914 1171 34 | | NNP 33914 1171 35 palate palate NN 33914 1171 36 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1171 37 Tordoff tordoff NN 33914 1171 38 , , , 33914 1171 39 1954 1954 CD 33914 1171 40 : : : 33914 1171 41 | | CD 33914 1171 42 | | CD 33914 1171 43 22 22 CD 33914 1171 44 - - HYPH 33914 1171 45 23 23 CD 33914 1171 46 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1171 47 , , , 33914 1171 48 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1171 49 of of IN 33914 1171 50 | | CD 33914 1171 51 | | CD 33914 1171 52 leg leg NN 33914 1171 53 - - HYPH 33914 1171 54 musculature musculature NN 33914 1171 55 , , , 33914 1171 56 and and CC 33914 1171 57 | | NNP 33914 1171 58 | | NNP 33914 1171 59 in in IN 33914 1171 60 comparative comparative JJ 33914 1171 61 serology serology NN 33914 1171 62 | | NNP 33914 1171 63 | | NNP 33914 1171 64 of of IN 33914 1171 65 saline saline NN 33914 1171 66 - - HYPH 33914 1171 67 soluble soluble JJ 33914 1171 68 | | CD 33914 1171 69 | | NNS 33914 1171 70 proteins protein NNS 33914 1171 71 . . . 33914 1172 1 | | NNP 33914 1172 2 | | NNP 33914 1172 3 FAMILY FAMILY NNP 33914 1172 4 THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE NNP 33914 1172 5 | | NNP 33914 1172 6 | | NNP 33914 1172 7 Subf Subf NNP 33914 1172 8 . . . 33914 1173 1 Richmondeninae richmondeninae JJ 33914 1173 2 |Subf |subf NN 33914 1173 3 . . . 33914 1174 1 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1174 2 | | NNP 33914 1174 3 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1174 4 | | NNP 33914 1174 5 | | NNP 33914 1174 6 Pyrrhuloxiinae Pyrrhuloxiinae NNP 33914 1174 7 | | HYPH 33914 1174 8 | | NNP 33914 1174 9 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1174 10 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 1174 11 |Subfamily |Subfamily HYPH 33914 1174 12 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 1174 13 | | VBZ 33914 1174 14 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1174 15 Thraupinae Thraupinae NNP 33914 1174 16 | | NNP 33914 1174 17 | | NNP 33914 1174 18 Subfamily subfamily RB 33914 1174 19 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1174 20 |Subfamily |Subfamily : 33914 1174 21 Fringillinae| Fringillinae| '' 33914 1174 22 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1174 23 In in IN 33914 1174 24 Parulidae Parulidae NNP 33914 1174 25 above above RB 33914 1174 26 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1174 27 |(including |(including NN 33914 1174 28 Emberizinae| Emberizinae| '' 33914 1174 29 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1174 30 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1174 31 Fringillinae]| Fringillinae]| NNP 33914 1174 32 and and CC 33914 1174 33 Geospizinae Geospizinae NNP 33914 1174 34 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1174 35 | | VBD 33914 1174 36 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1174 37 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1174 38 | | CD 33914 1174 39 | | CD 33914 1174 40 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1174 41 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1174 42 Geospizinae Geospizinae NNP 33914 1174 43 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1174 44 | | NNP 33914 1174 45 | | CD 33914 1174 46 ------------------------+----------------------+----------------------- ------------------------+----------------------+----------------------- CD 33914 1174 47 SUMMARY summary NN 33914 1174 48 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1174 49 has have VBZ 33914 1174 50 long long RB 33914 1174 51 been be VBN 33914 1174 52 recognized recognize VBN 33914 1174 53 that that IN 33914 1174 54 the the DT 33914 1174 55 Family Family NNP 33914 1174 56 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1174 57 includes include VBZ 33914 1174 58 some some DT 33914 1174 59 dissimilar dissimilar JJ 33914 1174 60 groups group NNS 33914 1174 61 . . . 33914 1175 1 Specifically specifically RB 33914 1175 2 , , , 33914 1175 3 the the DT 33914 1175 4 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1175 5 of of IN 33914 1175 6 the the DT 33914 1175 7 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1175 8 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1175 9 , , , 33914 1175 10 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1175 11 , , , 33914 1175 12 and and CC 33914 1175 13 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1175 14 of of IN 33914 1175 15 the the DT 33914 1175 16 Family Family NNP 33914 1175 17 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1175 18 are be VBP 33914 1175 19 poorly poorly RB 33914 1175 20 understood understand VBN 33914 1175 21 . . . 33914 1176 1 Data datum NNS 33914 1176 2 from from IN 33914 1176 3 two two CD 33914 1176 4 recent recent JJ 33914 1176 5 studies study NNS 33914 1176 6 , , , 33914 1176 7 one one CD 33914 1176 8 on on IN 33914 1176 9 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1176 10 of of IN 33914 1176 11 jaw jaw NN 33914 1176 12 - - HYPH 33914 1176 13 musculature musculature NN 33914 1176 14 and and CC 33914 1176 15 the the DT 33914 1176 16 other other JJ 33914 1176 17 on on IN 33914 1176 18 features feature NNS 33914 1176 19 of of IN 33914 1176 20 the the DT 33914 1176 21 bony bony NN 33914 1176 22 palate palate NN 33914 1176 23 , , , 33914 1176 24 emphasize emphasize VB 33914 1176 25 the the DT 33914 1176 26 dissimilarity dissimilarity NN 33914 1176 27 of of IN 33914 1176 28 these these DT 33914 1176 29 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1176 30 but but CC 33914 1176 31 have have VBP 33914 1176 32 given give VBN 33914 1176 33 rise rise NN 33914 1176 34 to to IN 33914 1176 35 conflicting conflicting JJ 33914 1176 36 concepts concept NNS 33914 1176 37 of of IN 33914 1176 38 the the DT 33914 1176 39 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1176 40 of of IN 33914 1176 41 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1176 42 within within IN 33914 1176 43 the the DT 33914 1176 44 Family Family NNP 33914 1176 45 . . . 33914 1177 1 This this DT 33914 1177 2 paper paper NN 33914 1177 3 reports report VBZ 33914 1177 4 the the DT 33914 1177 5 results result NNS 33914 1177 6 of of IN 33914 1177 7 studies study NNS 33914 1177 8 involving involve VBG 33914 1177 9 morphological morphological JJ 33914 1177 10 and and CC 33914 1177 11 biochemical biochemical JJ 33914 1177 12 features feature VBZ 33914 1177 13 that that WDT 33914 1177 14 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1177 15 consider consider VBP 33914 1177 16 less less RBR 33914 1177 17 sensitive sensitive JJ 33914 1177 18 to to IN 33914 1177 19 external external JJ 33914 1177 20 environmental environmental JJ 33914 1177 21 factors factor NNS 33914 1177 22 than than IN 33914 1177 23 are be VBP 33914 1177 24 features feature NNS 33914 1177 25 which which WDT 33914 1177 26 have have VBP 33914 1177 27 been be VBN 33914 1177 28 studied study VBN 33914 1177 29 previously previously RB 33914 1177 30 . . . 33914 1178 1 Patterns pattern NNS 33914 1178 2 of of IN 33914 1178 3 leg leg NN 33914 1178 4 - - HYPH 33914 1178 5 musculature musculature NN 33914 1178 6 were be VBD 33914 1178 7 chosen choose VBN 33914 1178 8 for for IN 33914 1178 9 study study NN 33914 1178 10 because because IN 33914 1178 11 earlier early JJR 33914 1178 12 work work NN 33914 1178 13 showed show VBD 33914 1178 14 that that IN 33914 1178 15 muscle muscle NN 33914 1178 16 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1178 17 in in IN 33914 1178 18 the the DT 33914 1178 19 legs leg NNS 33914 1178 20 of of IN 33914 1178 21 passerine passerine NN 33914 1178 22 birds bird NNS 33914 1178 23 are be VBP 33914 1178 24 highly highly RB 33914 1178 25 stable stable JJ 33914 1178 26 and and CC 33914 1178 27 vary vary VBP 33914 1178 28 but but CC 33914 1178 29 little little JJ 33914 1178 30 . . . 33914 1179 1 Variations variation NNS 33914 1179 2 , , , 33914 1179 3 therefore therefore RB 33914 1179 4 , , , 33914 1179 5 which which WDT 33914 1179 6 are be VBP 33914 1179 7 consistent consistent JJ 33914 1179 8 in in IN 33914 1179 9 separating separate VBG 33914 1179 10 groups group NNS 33914 1179 11 of of IN 33914 1179 12 species specie NNS 33914 1179 13 should should MD 33914 1179 14 be be VB 33914 1179 15 significant significant JJ 33914 1179 16 . . . 33914 1180 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 1180 2 techniques technique NNS 33914 1180 3 were be VBD 33914 1180 4 used use VBN 33914 1180 5 because because IN 33914 1180 6 the the DT 33914 1180 7 biochemical biochemical JJ 33914 1180 8 systems system NNS 33914 1180 9 involved involve VBN 33914 1180 10 seem seem VBP 33914 1180 11 to to TO 33914 1180 12 be be VB 33914 1180 13 relatively relatively RB 33914 1180 14 slow slow JJ 33914 1180 15 to to TO 33914 1180 16 change change VB 33914 1180 17 in in IN 33914 1180 18 response response NN 33914 1180 19 to to IN 33914 1180 20 environmental environmental JJ 33914 1180 21 influences influence NNS 33914 1180 22 and and CC 33914 1180 23 because because IN 33914 1180 24 the the DT 33914 1180 25 data datum NNS 33914 1180 26 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1180 27 may may MD 33914 1180 28 be be VB 33914 1180 29 used use VBN 33914 1180 30 in in IN 33914 1180 31 a a DT 33914 1180 32 highly highly RB 33914 1180 33 objective objective JJ 33914 1180 34 manner manner NN 33914 1180 35 to to TO 33914 1180 36 measure measure VB 33914 1180 37 resemblance resemblance NN 33914 1180 38 among among IN 33914 1180 39 species specie NNS 33914 1180 40 . . . 33914 1181 1 Individual individual JJ 33914 1181 2 differences difference NNS 33914 1181 3 in in IN 33914 1181 4 the the DT 33914 1181 5 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1181 6 of of IN 33914 1181 7 leg leg NN 33914 1181 8 - - HYPH 33914 1181 9 musculature musculature NN 33914 1181 10 were be VBD 33914 1181 11 found find VBN 33914 1181 12 to to TO 33914 1181 13 be be VB 33914 1181 14 slight slight JJ 33914 1181 15 and and CC 33914 1181 16 involved involve VBN 33914 1181 17 mainly mainly RB 33914 1181 18 the the DT 33914 1181 19 sizes size NNS 33914 1181 20 and and CC 33914 1181 21 shapes shape NNS 33914 1181 22 of of IN 33914 1181 23 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1181 24 . . . 33914 1182 1 For for IN 33914 1182 2 this this DT 33914 1182 3 reason reason NN 33914 1182 4 variations variation NNS 33914 1182 5 involving involve VBG 33914 1182 6 origin origin NN 33914 1182 7 , , , 33914 1182 8 insertion insertion NN 33914 1182 9 , , , 33914 1182 10 or or CC 33914 1182 11 relative relative JJ 33914 1182 12 position position NN 33914 1182 13 of of IN 33914 1182 14 a a DT 33914 1182 15 muscle muscle NN 33914 1182 16 , , , 33914 1182 17 were be VBD 33914 1182 18 judged judge VBN 33914 1182 19 significant significant JJ 33914 1182 20 . . . 33914 1183 1 In in IN 33914 1183 2 leg leg NN 33914 1183 3 - - HYPH 33914 1183 4 musculature musculature NN 33914 1183 5 the the DT 33914 1183 6 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1183 7 , , , 33914 1183 8 the the DT 33914 1183 9 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1183 10 , , , 33914 1183 11 and and CC 33914 1183 12 the the DT 33914 1183 13 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1183 14 resemble resemble NN 33914 1183 15 one one NN 33914 1183 16 another another DT 33914 1183 17 closely closely RB 33914 1183 18 . . . 33914 1184 1 Several several JJ 33914 1184 2 differences difference NNS 33914 1184 3 in in IN 33914 1184 4 muscle muscle NN 33914 1184 5 pattern pattern NN 33914 1184 6 were be VBD 33914 1184 7 found find VBN 33914 1184 8 , , , 33914 1184 9 however however RB 33914 1184 10 , , , 33914 1184 11 which which WDT 33914 1184 12 distinguish distinguish VBP 33914 1184 13 these these DT 33914 1184 14 groups group NNS 33914 1184 15 from from IN 33914 1184 16 the the DT 33914 1184 17 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1184 18 . . . 33914 1185 1 The the DT 33914 1185 2 leg leg NN 33914 1185 3 - - HYPH 33914 1185 4 musculature musculature NN 33914 1185 5 of of IN 33914 1185 6 the the DT 33914 1185 7 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1185 8 closely closely RB 33914 1185 9 resembles resemble VBZ 33914 1185 10 that that DT 33914 1185 11 of of IN 33914 1185 12 the the DT 33914 1185 13 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1185 14 . . . 33914 1186 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 1186 2 techniques technique NNS 33914 1186 3 involved involve VBD 33914 1186 4 the the DT 33914 1186 5 extraction extraction NN 33914 1186 6 of of IN 33914 1186 7 saline saline NN 33914 1186 8 - - HYPH 33914 1186 9 soluble soluble JJ 33914 1186 10 proteins protein NNS 33914 1186 11 from from IN 33914 1186 12 the the DT 33914 1186 13 tissues tissue NNS 33914 1186 14 of of IN 33914 1186 15 the the DT 33914 1186 16 species specie NNS 33914 1186 17 to to TO 33914 1186 18 be be VB 33914 1186 19 studied study VBN 33914 1186 20 . . . 33914 1187 1 These these DT 33914 1187 2 extracts extract NNS 33914 1187 3 were be VBD 33914 1187 4 carefully carefully RB 33914 1187 5 processed process VBN 33914 1187 6 and and CC 33914 1187 7 were be VBD 33914 1187 8 used use VBN 33914 1187 9 as as IN 33914 1187 10 antigens antigen NNS 33914 1187 11 . . . 33914 1188 1 Formolization formolization NN 33914 1188 2 of of IN 33914 1188 3 the the DT 33914 1188 4 antigens antigen NNS 33914 1188 5 was be VBD 33914 1188 6 necessary necessary JJ 33914 1188 7 as as IN 33914 1188 8 a a DT 33914 1188 9 means means NN 33914 1188 10 of of IN 33914 1188 11 preventing prevent VBG 33914 1188 12 denaturation denaturation NN 33914 1188 13 of of IN 33914 1188 14 the the DT 33914 1188 15 proteins protein NNS 33914 1188 16 by by IN 33914 1188 17 enzymatic enzymatic JJ 33914 1188 18 activity activity NN 33914 1188 19 . . . 33914 1189 1 Antisera Antisera NNP 33914 1189 2 were be VBD 33914 1189 3 produced produce VBN 33914 1189 4 in in IN 33914 1189 5 rabbits rabbit NNS 33914 1189 6 . . . 33914 1190 1 The the DT 33914 1190 2 method method NN 33914 1190 3 of of IN 33914 1190 4 testing testing NN 33914 1190 5 involved involve VBN 33914 1190 6 turbidimetric turbidimetric JJ 33914 1190 7 analysis analysis NN 33914 1190 8 of of IN 33914 1190 9 the the DT 33914 1190 10 precipitin precipitin JJ 33914 1190 11 reaction reaction NN 33914 1190 12 . . . 33914 1191 1 Utilizing utilize VBG 33914 1191 2 the the DT 33914 1191 3 values value NNS 33914 1191 4 for for IN 33914 1191 5 the the DT 33914 1191 6 precipitin precipitin NN 33914 1191 7 tests test VBZ 33914 1191 8 a a DT 33914 1191 9 model model NN 33914 1191 10 was be VBD 33914 1191 11 constructed construct VBN 33914 1191 12 which which WDT 33914 1191 13 showed show VBD 33914 1191 14 the the DT 33914 1191 15 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1191 16 of of IN 33914 1191 17 the the DT 33914 1191 18 eleven eleven CD 33914 1191 19 species specie NNS 33914 1191 20 used use VBN 33914 1191 21 in in IN 33914 1191 22 these these DT 33914 1191 23 tests test NNS 33914 1191 24 . . . 33914 1192 1 From from IN 33914 1192 2 a a DT 33914 1192 3 study study NN 33914 1192 4 of of IN 33914 1192 5 the the DT 33914 1192 6 model model NN 33914 1192 7 and and CC 33914 1192 8 the the DT 33914 1192 9 data datum NNS 33914 1192 10 used use VBN 33914 1192 11 in in IN 33914 1192 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1192 13 construction construction NN 33914 1192 14 , , , 33914 1192 15 it -PRON- PRP 33914 1192 16 was be VBD 33914 1192 17 determined determine VBN 33914 1192 18 that that IN 33914 1192 19 the the DT 33914 1192 20 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1192 21 , , , 33914 1192 22 Emberizinae Emberizinae NNP 33914 1192 23 , , , 33914 1192 24 and and CC 33914 1192 25 Thraupidae Thraupidae NNP 33914 1192 26 constitute constitute VBP 33914 1192 27 an an DT 33914 1192 28 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1192 29 distinct distinct JJ 33914 1192 30 from from IN 33914 1192 31 the the DT 33914 1192 32 other other JJ 33914 1192 33 species specie NNS 33914 1192 34 studied study VBD 33914 1192 35 . . . 33914 1193 1 The the DT 33914 1193 2 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1193 3 are be VBP 33914 1193 4 excluded exclude VBN 33914 1193 5 from from IN 33914 1193 6 the the DT 33914 1193 7 assemblage assemblage NN 33914 1193 8 and and CC 33914 1193 9 serologically serologically RB 33914 1193 10 are be VBP 33914 1193 11 most most RBS 33914 1193 12 closely closely RB 33914 1193 13 related related JJ 33914 1193 14 to to IN 33914 1193 15 the the DT 33914 1193 16 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1193 17 . . . 33914 1194 1 The the DT 33914 1194 2 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1194 3 , , , 33914 1194 4 serologically serologically RB 33914 1194 5 , , , 33914 1194 6 do do VB 33914 1194 7 not not RB 33914 1194 8 closely closely RB 33914 1194 9 resemble resemble VB 33914 1194 10 _ _ NNP 33914 1194 11 Passer Passer NNP 33914 1194 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1194 13 , , , 33914 1194 14 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1194 15 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1194 16 , , , 33914 1194 17 although although IN 33914 1194 18 recent recent JJ 33914 1194 19 classifications classification NNS 33914 1194 20 place place VBP 33914 1194 21 these these DT 33914 1194 22 two two CD 33914 1194 23 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1194 24 in in IN 33914 1194 25 the the DT 33914 1194 26 Family Family NNP 33914 1194 27 Ploceidae Ploceidae NNP 33914 1194 28 . . . 33914 1195 1 Upon upon IN 33914 1195 2 consideration consideration NN 33914 1195 3 of of IN 33914 1195 4 all all DT 33914 1195 5 evidence evidence NN 33914 1195 6 now now RB 33914 1195 7 available available JJ 33914 1195 8 -- -- : 33914 1195 9 from from IN 33914 1195 10 external external JJ 33914 1195 11 morphology morphology NN 33914 1195 12 , , , 33914 1195 13 ethology ethology NN 33914 1195 14 , , , 33914 1195 15 myology myology NN 33914 1195 16 , , , 33914 1195 17 osteology osteology NN 33914 1195 18 , , , 33914 1195 19 and and CC 33914 1195 20 serology serology NN 33914 1195 21 -- -- : 33914 1195 22 several several JJ 33914 1195 23 hypotheses hypothesis NNS 33914 1195 24 regarding regard VBG 33914 1195 25 the the DT 33914 1195 26 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1195 27 of of IN 33914 1195 28 the the DT 33914 1195 29 groups group NNS 33914 1195 30 studied study VBN 33914 1195 31 are be VBP 33914 1195 32 set set VBN 33914 1195 33 forth forth RB 33914 1195 34 . . . 33914 1196 1 The the DT 33914 1196 2 richmondenines richmondenine NNS 33914 1196 3 , , , 33914 1196 4 emberizines emberizine NNS 33914 1196 5 , , , 33914 1196 6 and and CC 33914 1196 7 tanagers tanager NNS 33914 1196 8 are be VBP 33914 1196 9 closely closely RB 33914 1196 10 related related JJ 33914 1196 11 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1196 12 and and CC 33914 1196 13 are be VBP 33914 1196 14 here here RB 33914 1196 15 included include VBN 33914 1196 16 in in IN 33914 1196 17 the the DT 33914 1196 18 Family Family NNP 33914 1196 19 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1196 20 . . . 33914 1197 1 The the DT 33914 1197 2 Estrildinae Estrildinae NNP 33914 1197 3 and and CC 33914 1197 4 Carduelinae Carduelinae NNP 33914 1197 5 are be VBP 33914 1197 6 closely closely RB 33914 1197 7 related related JJ 33914 1197 8 subfamilies subfamily NNS 33914 1197 9 , , , 33914 1197 10 but but CC 33914 1197 11 neither neither DT 33914 1197 12 group group NN 33914 1197 13 is be VBZ 33914 1197 14 closely closely RB 33914 1197 15 related related JJ 33914 1197 16 to to IN 33914 1197 17 the the DT 33914 1197 18 Passerinae Passerinae NNP 33914 1197 19 . . . 33914 1198 1 The the DT 33914 1198 2 estrildines estrildine NNS 33914 1198 3 and and CC 33914 1198 4 carduelines cardueline NNS 33914 1198 5 , , , 33914 1198 6 therefore therefore RB 33914 1198 7 , , , 33914 1198 8 are be VBP 33914 1198 9 placed place VBN 33914 1198 10 in in IN 33914 1198 11 a a DT 33914 1198 12 separate separate JJ 33914 1198 13 family family NN 33914 1198 14 , , , 33914 1198 15 the the DT 33914 1198 16 Carduelidae Carduelidae NNP 33914 1198 17 . . . 33914 1199 1 In in IN 33914 1199 2 some some DT 33914 1199 3 ways way NNS 33914 1199 4 , , , 33914 1199 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1199 6 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1199 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1199 8 is be VBZ 33914 1199 9 an an DT 33914 1199 10 aberrant aberrant JJ 33914 1199 11 member member NN 33914 1199 12 of of IN 33914 1199 13 the the DT 33914 1199 14 Subfamily Subfamily NNP 33914 1199 15 Richmondeninae Richmondeninae NNP 33914 1199 16 but but CC 33914 1199 17 should should MD 33914 1199 18 be be VB 33914 1199 19 retained retain VBN 33914 1199 20 in in IN 33914 1199 21 that that DT 33914 1199 22 subfamily subfamily RB 33914 1199 23 . . . 33914 1200 1 It -PRON- PRP 33914 1200 2 is be VBZ 33914 1200 3 suggested suggest VBN 33914 1200 4 that that IN 33914 1200 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1200 6 Spiza Spiza NNP 33914 1200 7 _ _ NNP 33914 1200 8 is be VBZ 33914 1200 9 a a DT 33914 1200 10 primitive primitive JJ 33914 1200 11 richmondenine richmondenine NN 33914 1200 12 closely closely RB 33914 1200 13 related related JJ 33914 1200 14 to to IN 33914 1200 15 the the DT 33914 1200 16 ancestral ancestral JJ 33914 1200 17 fringillid fringillid JJ 33914 1200 18 stock stock NN 33914 1200 19 . . . 33914 1201 1 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 33914 1201 2 CITED cite VBD 33914 1201 3 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 33914 1201 4 ORNITHOLOGISTS ORNITHOLOGISTS NNP 33914 1201 5 ' ' POS 33914 1201 6 UNION UNION NNP 33914 1201 7 1931 1931 CD 33914 1201 8 . . . 33914 1202 1 Check check NN 33914 1202 2 - - HYPH 33914 1202 3 list list NN 33914 1202 4 of of IN 33914 1202 5 North north JJ 33914 1202 6 American american JJ 33914 1202 7 birds bird NNS 33914 1202 8 . . . 33914 1203 1 Fourth fourth JJ 33914 1203 2 edition edition NN 33914 1203 3 . . . 33914 1204 1 Lancaster Lancaster NNP 33914 1204 2 , , , 33914 1204 3 Pa. Pennsylvania NNP 33914 1204 4 , , , 33914 1204 5 xix xix NN 33914 1204 6 + + SYM 33914 1204 7 526 526 CD 33914 1204 8 pp pp NN 33914 1204 9 . . . 33914 1205 1 BEECHER BEECHER NNP 33914 1205 2 , , , 33914 1205 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1205 4 J. J. NNP 33914 1206 1 1951a 1951a CD 33914 1206 2 . . . 33914 1207 1 Adaptations adaptation NNS 33914 1207 2 for for IN 33914 1207 3 food food NN 33914 1207 4 - - HYPH 33914 1207 5 getting get VBG 33914 1207 6 in in IN 33914 1207 7 the the DT 33914 1207 8 American american JJ 33914 1207 9 blackbirds blackbird NNS 33914 1207 10 . . . 33914 1208 1 Auk auk NN 33914 1208 2 , , , 33914 1208 3 68:411 68:411 CD 33914 1208 4 - - HYPH 33914 1208 5 440 440 CD 33914 1208 6 , , , 33914 1208 7 11 11 CD 33914 1208 8 figs fig NNS 33914 1208 9 . . . 33914 1209 1 1951b 1951b CD 33914 1209 2 . . . 33914 1210 1 Convergence convergence NN 33914 1210 2 in in IN 33914 1210 3 the the DT 33914 1210 4 Coerebidae Coerebidae NNP 33914 1210 5 . . . 33914 1211 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 33914 1211 2 Bull Bull NNP 33914 1211 3 . . NNP 33914 1211 4 , , , 33914 1211 5 63:274 63:274 CD 33914 1211 6 - - SYM 33914 1211 7 287 287 CD 33914 1211 8 , , , 33914 1211 9 5 5 CD 33914 1211 10 figs fig NNS 33914 1211 11 . . . 33914 1212 1 1953 1953 CD 33914 1212 2 . . . 33914 1213 1 A a DT 33914 1213 2 phylogeny phylogeny NN 33914 1213 3 of of IN 33914 1213 4 the the DT 33914 1213 5 oscines oscine NNS 33914 1213 6 . . . 33914 1214 1 Auk auk NN 33914 1214 2 , , , 33914 1214 3 70:270 70:270 CD 33914 1214 4 - - SYM 33914 1214 5 333 333 CD 33914 1214 6 , , , 33914 1214 7 18 18 CD 33914 1214 8 figs fig NNS 33914 1214 9 . . . 33914 1215 1 BERGER BERGER NNP 33914 1215 2 , , , 33914 1215 3 A. a. NN 33914 1215 4 J. J. NNP 33914 1216 1 1952 1952 CD 33914 1216 2 . . . 33914 1217 1 The the DT 33914 1217 2 comparative comparative JJ 33914 1217 3 functional functional JJ 33914 1217 4 morphology morphology NN 33914 1217 5 of of IN 33914 1217 6 the the DT 33914 1217 7 pelvic pelvic JJ 33914 1217 8 appendage appendage NN 33914 1217 9 in in IN 33914 1217 10 three three CD 33914 1217 11 genera genera NN 33914 1217 12 of of IN 33914 1217 13 Cuculidae Cuculidae NNP 33914 1217 14 . . . 33914 1218 1 Amer amer NN 33914 1218 2 . . . 33914 1219 1 Mid Mid NNP 33914 1219 2 . . . 33914 1220 1 Nat Nat NNP 33914 1220 2 . . NNP 33914 1220 3 , , , 33914 1220 4 47:513 47:513 CD 33914 1220 5 - - SYM 33914 1220 6 605 605 CD 33914 1220 7 , , , 33914 1220 8 29 29 CD 33914 1220 9 pls pls UH 33914 1220 10 . . . 33914 1221 1 BOYDEN BOYDEN NNP 33914 1221 2 , , , 33914 1221 3 A. a. NN 33914 1222 1 1942 1942 CD 33914 1222 2 . . . 33914 1223 1 Systematic systematic JJ 33914 1223 2 serology serology NN 33914 1223 3 : : : 33914 1223 4 a a DT 33914 1223 5 critical critical JJ 33914 1223 6 appreciation appreciation NN 33914 1223 7 . . . 33914 1224 1 Physiol Physiol NNP 33914 1224 2 . . . 33914 1225 1 Zool Zool NNP 33914 1225 2 . . NNP 33914 1225 3 , , , 33914 1225 4 15:109 15:109 CD 33914 1225 5 - - SYM 33914 1225 6 145 145 CD 33914 1225 7 , , , 33914 1225 8 12 12 CD 33914 1225 9 figs fig NNS 33914 1225 10 . . . 33914 1226 1 CHAPIN CHAPIN NNP 33914 1226 2 , , , 33914 1226 3 J. J. NNP 33914 1226 4 P. P. NNP 33914 1226 5 1917 1917 CD 33914 1226 6 . . . 33914 1227 1 The the DT 33914 1227 2 classification classification NN 33914 1227 3 of of IN 33914 1227 4 the the DT 33914 1227 5 weaver weaver NN 33914 1227 6 - - HYPH 33914 1227 7 birds bird NNS 33914 1227 8 . . . 33914 1228 1 Bull Bull NNP 33914 1228 2 . . . 33914 1229 1 Amer amer NN 33914 1229 2 . . . 33914 1230 1 Mus mus NN 33914 1230 2 . . . 33914 1231 1 Nat Nat NNP 33914 1231 2 . . . 33914 1232 1 Hist Hist NNP 33914 1232 2 . . . 33914 1232 3 , , , 33914 1232 4 37:243 37:243 CD 33914 1232 5 - - SYM 33914 1232 6 280 280 CD 33914 1232 7 , , , 33914 1232 8 10 10 CD 33914 1232 9 pls pls UH 33914 1232 10 . . . 33914 1232 11 , , , 33914 1232 12 9 9 CD 33914 1232 13 figs fig NNS 33914 1232 14 . . . 33914 1233 1 CUMLEY CUMLEY NNP 33914 1233 2 , , , 33914 1233 3 R. R. NNP 33914 1233 4 W. W. NNP 33914 1233 5 , , , 33914 1233 6 and and CC 33914 1233 7 IRWIN IRWIN NNP 33914 1233 8 , , , 33914 1233 9 M. M. NNP 33914 1233 10 R. R. NNP 33914 1233 11 1941 1941 CD 33914 1233 12 . . . 33914 1234 1 Pictorial pictorial JJ 33914 1234 2 representation representation NN 33914 1234 3 of of IN 33914 1234 4 the the DT 33914 1234 5 antigenic antigenic JJ 33914 1234 6 differences difference NNS 33914 1234 7 between between IN 33914 1234 8 two two CD 33914 1234 9 dove dove NN 33914 1234 10 species specie NNS 33914 1234 11 . . . 33914 1235 1 Jour Jour NNP 33914 1235 2 . . . 33914 1236 1 Hered Hered NNP 33914 1236 2 . . NNP 33914 1236 3 , , , 33914 1236 4 32:178 32:178 CD 33914 1236 5 - - SYM 33914 1236 6 182 182 CD 33914 1236 7 , , , 33914 1236 8 frontispiece frontispiece NN 33914 1236 9 , , , 33914 1236 10 2 2 CD 33914 1236 11 figs fig NNS 33914 1236 12 . . . 33914 1237 1 1941 1941 CD 33914 1237 2 . . . 33914 1238 1 Interaction interaction NN 33914 1238 2 of of IN 33914 1238 3 antigens antigen NNS 33914 1238 4 in in IN 33914 1238 5 dove dove NN 33914 1238 6 hybrids hybrid NNS 33914 1238 7 . . . 33914 1239 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 33914 1239 2 . . . 33914 1239 3 , , , 33914 1239 4 429 429 CD 33914 1239 5 - - SYM 33914 1239 6 434 434 CD 33914 1239 7 , , , 33914 1239 8 3 3 CD 33914 1239 9 figs fig NNS 33914 1239 10 . . . 33914 1240 1 1944 1944 CD 33914 1240 2 . . . 33914 1241 1 The the DT 33914 1241 2 correlation correlation NN 33914 1241 3 between between IN 33914 1241 4 antigenic antigenic JJ 33914 1241 5 composition composition NN 33914 1241 6 and and CC 33914 1241 7 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1241 8 range range NN 33914 1241 9 in in IN 33914 1241 10 the the DT 33914 1241 11 Old Old NNP 33914 1241 12 and and CC 33914 1241 13 New New NNP 33914 1241 14 World World NNP 33914 1241 15 of of IN 33914 1241 16 some some DT 33914 1241 17 species specie NNS 33914 1241 18 of of IN 33914 1241 19 _ _ NNP 33914 1241 20 Columba Columba NNP 33914 1241 21 _ _ NNP 33914 1241 22 . . . 33914 1242 1 Amer amer NN 33914 1242 2 . . . 33914 1243 1 Nat Nat NNP 33914 1243 2 . . NNP 33914 1243 3 , , , 33914 1243 4 78:238 78:238 CD 33914 1243 5 - - SYM 33914 1243 6 256 256 CD 33914 1243 7 , , , 33914 1243 8 1 1 CD 33914 1243 9 fig fig NN 33914 1243 10 . . . 33914 1244 1 DEFALCO DEFALCO NNP 33914 1244 2 , , , 33914 1244 3 R. R. NNP 33914 1244 4 J. J. NNP 33914 1245 1 1942 1942 CD 33914 1245 2 . . . 33914 1246 1 A a DT 33914 1246 2 serological serological JJ 33914 1246 3 study study NN 33914 1246 4 of of IN 33914 1246 5 some some DT 33914 1246 6 avian avian JJ 33914 1246 7 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1246 8 . . . 33914 1247 1 Biol Biol NNP 33914 1247 2 . . . 33914 1248 1 Bull Bull NNP 33914 1248 2 . . NNP 33914 1248 3 , , , 33914 1248 4 83:205 83:205 CD 33914 1248 5 - - SYM 33914 1248 6 218 218 CD 33914 1248 7 . . . 33914 1249 1 FISHER FISHER NNP 33914 1249 2 , , , 33914 1249 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1249 4 I. I. NNP 33914 1250 1 1946 1946 CD 33914 1250 2 . . . 33914 1251 1 Adaptations adaptation NNS 33914 1251 2 and and CC 33914 1251 3 comparative comparative JJ 33914 1251 4 anatomy anatomy NN 33914 1251 5 of of IN 33914 1251 6 the the DT 33914 1251 7 locomotor locomotor NN 33914 1251 8 apparatus apparatus NN 33914 1251 9 of of IN 33914 1251 10 New New NNP 33914 1251 11 World World NNP 33914 1251 12 vultures vulture VBZ 33914 1251 13 . . . 33914 1252 1 Amer amer NN 33914 1252 2 . . . 33914 1253 1 Mid Mid NNP 33914 1253 2 . . . 33914 1254 1 Nat Nat NNP 33914 1254 2 . . NNP 33914 1254 3 , , , 33914 1254 4 35:545 35:545 CD 33914 1254 5 - - SYM 33914 1254 6 727 727 CD 33914 1254 7 , , , 33914 1254 8 13 13 CD 33914 1254 9 pls pls UH 33914 1254 10 . . . 33914 1254 11 , , , 33914 1254 12 28 28 CD 33914 1254 13 figs fig NNS 33914 1254 14 . . . 33914 1255 1 GADOW GADOW NNP 33914 1255 2 , , , 33914 1255 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1255 4 , , , 33914 1255 5 and and CC 33914 1255 6 SELENKA SELENKA NNP 33914 1255 7 , , , 33914 1255 8 E. E. NNP 33914 1255 9 1891 1891 CD 33914 1255 10 . . . 33914 1256 1 Vögel Vögel NNP 33914 1256 2 , , , 33914 1256 3 vol vol NNP 33914 1256 4 . . . 33914 1257 1 I -PRON- PRP 33914 1257 2 , , , 33914 1257 3 Anatomischer Anatomischer NNP 33914 1257 4 Theil Theil NNP 33914 1257 5 . . . 33914 1258 1 In in IN 33914 1258 2 Bronn Bronn NNP 33914 1258 3 's 's POS 33914 1258 4 Klassen Klassen NNP 33914 1258 5 und und NN 33914 1258 6 Ordnungen Ordnungen NNP 33914 1258 7 des des FW 33914 1258 8 Thier Thier NNP 33914 1258 9 - - HYPH 33914 1258 10 Reichs Reichs NNP 33914 1258 11 , , , 33914 1258 12 Sechster Sechster NNP 33914 1258 13 Band Band NNP 33914 1258 14 , , , 33914 1258 15 Vierte Vierte NNP 33914 1258 16 Abtheilung Abtheilung NNP 33914 1258 17 . . . 33914 1259 1 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 33914 1259 2 , , , 33914 1259 3 1008 1008 CD 33914 1259 4 pp pp NNP 33914 1259 5 . . NNP 33914 1259 6 , , , 33914 1259 7 59 59 CD 33914 1259 8 pls pls UH 33914 1259 9 . . . 33914 1260 1 GARROD GARROD NNP 33914 1260 2 , , , 33914 1260 3 A. a. NN 33914 1260 4 H. H. NNP 33914 1260 5 1873 1873 CD 33914 1260 6 . . . 33914 1261 1 On on IN 33914 1261 2 certain certain JJ 33914 1261 3 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1261 4 in in IN 33914 1261 5 the the DT 33914 1261 6 thigh thigh NN 33914 1261 7 of of IN 33914 1261 8 birds bird NNS 33914 1261 9 and and CC 33914 1261 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1261 11 value value NN 33914 1261 12 in in IN 33914 1261 13 classification classification NN 33914 1261 14 . . . 33914 1262 1 Proc Proc NNP 33914 1262 2 . . . 33914 1263 1 Zool Zool NNP 33914 1263 2 . . . 33914 1264 1 Soc Soc NNP 33914 1264 2 . . . 33914 1265 1 London London NNP 33914 1265 2 , , , 33914 1265 3 Part Part NNP 33914 1265 4 I:626 I:626 NNP 33914 1265 5 - - : 33914 1265 6 644 644 CD 33914 1265 7 , , , 33914 1265 8 6 6 CD 33914 1265 9 figs fig NNS 33914 1265 10 . . . 33914 1266 1 1874 1874 CD 33914 1266 2 . . . 33914 1267 1 On on IN 33914 1267 2 certain certain JJ 33914 1267 3 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1267 4 in in IN 33914 1267 5 the the DT 33914 1267 6 thigh thigh NN 33914 1267 7 of of IN 33914 1267 8 birds bird NNS 33914 1267 9 and and CC 33914 1267 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1267 11 value value NN 33914 1267 12 in in IN 33914 1267 13 classification classification NN 33914 1267 14 . . . 33914 1268 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 33914 1268 2 . . . 33914 1268 3 , , , 33914 1268 4 Part Part NNP 33914 1268 5 II:111 II:111 NNP 33914 1268 6 - - HYPH 33914 1268 7 123 123 CD 33914 1268 8 . . . 33914 1269 1 GREENBERG GREENBERG NNP 33914 1269 2 , , , 33914 1269 3 D. D. NNP 33914 1269 4 M. M. NNP 33914 1269 5 1929 1929 CD 33914 1269 6 . . . 33914 1270 1 The the DT 33914 1270 2 colorimetric colorimetric JJ 33914 1270 3 determination determination NN 33914 1270 4 of of IN 33914 1270 5 serum serum NN 33914 1270 6 proteins protein NNS 33914 1270 7 . . . 33914 1271 1 J. J. NNP 33914 1271 2 Biol Biol NNP 33914 1271 3 . . . 33914 1272 1 Chem Chem NNP 33914 1272 2 . . NNP 33914 1272 3 , , , 33914 1272 4 82:545 82:545 CD 33914 1272 5 - - SYM 33914 1272 6 550 550 CD 33914 1272 7 . . . 33914 1273 1 HELLMAYR HELLMAYR NNP 33914 1273 2 , , , 33914 1273 3 C. C. NNP 33914 1273 4 E. E. NNP 33914 1273 5 1935 1935 CD 33914 1273 6 . . . 33914 1274 1 Catalogue catalogue NN 33914 1274 2 of of IN 33914 1274 3 birds bird NNS 33914 1274 4 of of IN 33914 1274 5 the the DT 33914 1274 6 Americas Americas NNPS 33914 1274 7 . . . 33914 1275 1 Field field NN 33914 1275 2 Mus Mus NNP 33914 1275 3 . . . 33914 1276 1 Nat Nat NNP 33914 1276 2 . . . 33914 1277 1 Hist Hist NNP 33914 1277 2 . . NNP 33914 1277 3 , , , 33914 1277 4 Zool Zool NNP 33914 1277 5 . . . 33914 1278 1 ser ser NNP 33914 1278 2 . . . 33914 1279 1 13 13 CD 33914 1279 2 , , , 33914 1279 3 pt pt IN 33914 1279 4 . . . 33914 1280 1 8 8 CD 33914 1280 2 , , , 33914 1280 3 vi vi NNP 33914 1280 4 + + NNP 33914 1280 5 541 541 CD 33914 1280 6 pp pp NN 33914 1280 7 . . . 33914 1281 1 1936 1936 CD 33914 1281 2 . . . 33914 1282 1 Catalogue catalogue NN 33914 1282 2 of of IN 33914 1282 3 birds bird NNS 33914 1282 4 of of IN 33914 1282 5 the the DT 33914 1282 6 Americas Americas NNPS 33914 1282 7 . . . 33914 1283 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 33914 1283 2 . . . 33914 1283 3 , , , 33914 1283 4 13 13 CD 33914 1283 5 , , , 33914 1283 6 pt pt UH 33914 1283 7 . . . 33914 1284 1 9 9 CD 33914 1284 2 , , , 33914 1284 3 v v NN 33914 1284 4 + + CC 33914 1284 5 458 458 CD 33914 1284 6 pp pp NN 33914 1284 7 . . . 33914 1285 1 1937 1937 CD 33914 1285 2 . . . 33914 1286 1 Catalogue catalogue NN 33914 1286 2 of of IN 33914 1286 3 birds bird NNS 33914 1286 4 of of IN 33914 1286 5 the the DT 33914 1286 6 Americas Americas NNPS 33914 1286 7 . . . 33914 1287 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 33914 1287 2 . . . 33914 1287 3 , , , 33914 1287 4 13 13 CD 33914 1287 5 , , , 33914 1287 6 pt pt UH 33914 1287 7 . . . 33914 1288 1 10 10 CD 33914 1288 2 , , , 33914 1288 3 v v NN 33914 1288 4 + + CC 33914 1288 5 228 228 CD 33914 1288 6 pp pp NN 33914 1288 7 . . . 33914 1289 1 1938 1938 CD 33914 1289 2 . . . 33914 1290 1 Catalogue catalogue NN 33914 1290 2 of of IN 33914 1290 3 birds bird NNS 33914 1290 4 of of IN 33914 1290 5 the the DT 33914 1290 6 Americas Americas NNPS 33914 1290 7 . . . 33914 1291 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 33914 1291 2 . . . 33914 1291 3 , , , 33914 1291 4 13 13 CD 33914 1291 5 , , , 33914 1291 6 pt pt UH 33914 1291 7 . . . 33914 1292 1 11 11 CD 33914 1292 2 , , , 33914 1292 3 vi vi NNP 33914 1292 4 + + DT 33914 1292 5 662 662 CD 33914 1292 6 pp pp NN 33914 1292 7 . . . 33914 1293 1 HOWARD HOWARD NNP 33914 1293 2 , , , 33914 1293 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1293 4 1929 1929 CD 33914 1293 5 . . . 33914 1294 1 The the DT 33914 1294 2 avifauna avifauna NN 33914 1294 3 of of IN 33914 1294 4 the the DT 33914 1294 5 Emeryville Emeryville NNP 33914 1294 6 shellmound shellmound NN 33914 1294 7 . . . 33914 1295 1 Univ Univ NNP 33914 1295 2 . . . 33914 1296 1 California California NNP 33914 1296 2 Publ Publ NNPS 33914 1296 3 . . . 33914 1297 1 Zool Zool NNP 33914 1297 2 . . NNP 33914 1297 3 , , , 33914 1297 4 32:301 32:301 CD 33914 1297 5 - - SYM 33914 1297 6 394 394 CD 33914 1297 7 , , , 33914 1297 8 3 3 CD 33914 1297 9 pls pls UH 33914 1297 10 . . . 33914 1297 11 , , , 33914 1297 12 54 54 CD 33914 1297 13 figs fig NNS 33914 1297 14 . . . 33914 1298 1 HUDSON HUDSON NNP 33914 1298 2 , , , 33914 1298 3 G. G. NNP 33914 1298 4 E. E. NNP 33914 1298 5 1937 1937 CD 33914 1298 6 . . . 33914 1299 1 Studies study NNS 33914 1299 2 on on IN 33914 1299 3 the the DT 33914 1299 4 muscles muscle NNS 33914 1299 5 of of IN 33914 1299 6 the the DT 33914 1299 7 pelvic pelvic JJ 33914 1299 8 appendage appendage NN 33914 1299 9 in in IN 33914 1299 10 birds bird NNS 33914 1299 11 . . . 33914 1300 1 Amer amer NN 33914 1300 2 . . . 33914 1301 1 Mid Mid NNP 33914 1301 2 . . . 33914 1302 1 Nat Nat NNP 33914 1302 2 . . NNP 33914 1302 3 , , , 33914 1302 4 18:1 18:1 CD 33914 1302 5 - - SYM 33914 1302 6 108 108 CD 33914 1302 7 , , , 33914 1302 8 26 26 CD 33914 1302 9 pls pls UH 33914 1302 10 . . . 33914 1303 1 IRWIN IRWIN NNP 33914 1303 2 , , , 33914 1303 3 M. M. NNP 33914 1303 4 R. R. NNP 33914 1303 5 1953 1953 CD 33914 1303 6 . . . 33914 1304 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ 33914 1304 2 patterns pattern NNS 33914 1304 3 of of IN 33914 1304 4 antigenic antigenic JJ 33914 1304 5 substances substance NNS 33914 1304 6 of of IN 33914 1304 7 the the DT 33914 1304 8 blood blood NN 33914 1304 9 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 33914 1304 10 in in IN 33914 1304 11 Columbidae Columbidae NNP 33914 1304 12 . . . 33914 1305 1 Evol Evol NNP 33914 1305 2 . . NNP 33914 1305 3 , , , 33914 1305 4 7:31 7:31 CD 33914 1305 5 - - SYM 33914 1305 6 50 50 CD 33914 1305 7 . . . 33914 1306 1 IRWIN IRWIN NNP 33914 1306 2 , , , 33914 1306 3 M. M. NNP 33914 1306 4 R. R. NNP 33914 1306 5 , , , 33914 1306 6 and and CC 33914 1306 7 COLE COLE NNP 33914 1306 8 , , , 33914 1306 9 L. L. NNP 33914 1306 10 J. J. NNP 33914 1307 1 1936 1936 CD 33914 1307 2 . . . 33914 1308 1 Immunogenetic immunogenetic JJ 33914 1308 2 studies study NNS 33914 1308 3 of of IN 33914 1308 4 species specie NNS 33914 1308 5 and and CC 33914 1308 6 of of IN 33914 1308 7 species species NN 33914 1308 8 hybrids hybrid NNS 33914 1308 9 in in IN 33914 1308 10 doves dove NNS 33914 1308 11 , , , 33914 1308 12 and and CC 33914 1308 13 the the DT 33914 1308 14 separation separation NN 33914 1308 15 of of IN 33914 1308 16 species species NN 33914 1308 17 - - HYPH 33914 1308 18 specific specific JJ 33914 1308 19 substances substance NNS 33914 1308 20 in in IN 33914 1308 21 the the DT 33914 1308 22 backcross backcross NN 33914 1308 23 . . . 33914 1309 1 Jour Jour NNP 33914 1309 2 . . . 33914 1310 1 Exp Exp NNP 33914 1310 2 . . . 33914 1311 1 Zool Zool NNP 33914 1311 2 . . . 33914 1311 3 , , , 33914 1311 4 73:85 73:85 CD 33914 1311 5 - - SYM 33914 1311 6 108 108 CD 33914 1311 7 , , , 33914 1311 8 1 1 CD 33914 1311 9 fig fig NN 33914 1311 10 . . . 33914 1312 1 LEONE LEONE NNP 33914 1312 2 , , , 33914 1312 3 C. C. NNP 33914 1312 4 A. A. NNP 33914 1313 1 1949 1949 CD 33914 1313 2 . . . 33914 1314 1 Comparative comparative JJ 33914 1314 2 serology serology NN 33914 1314 3 of of IN 33914 1314 4 some some DT 33914 1314 5 brachyuran brachyuran NN 33914 1314 6 crustacea crustacea NNS 33914 1314 7 and and CC 33914 1314 8 studies study NNS 33914 1314 9 in in IN 33914 1314 10 hemocyanin hemocyanin NNP 33914 1314 11 correspondence correspondence NN 33914 1314 12 . . . 33914 1315 1 Biol Biol NNP 33914 1315 2 . . . 33914 1316 1 Bull Bull NNP 33914 1316 2 . . . 33914 1316 3 , , , 33914 1316 4 97:273 97:273 CD 33914 1316 5 - - SYM 33914 1316 6 286 286 CD 33914 1316 7 , , , 33914 1316 8 3 3 CD 33914 1316 9 figs fig NNS 33914 1316 10 . . . 33914 1317 1 1953 1953 CD 33914 1317 2 . . . 33914 1318 1 Some some DT 33914 1318 2 effects effect NNS 33914 1318 3 of of IN 33914 1318 4 formalin formalin NN 33914 1318 5 on on IN 33914 1318 6 the the DT 33914 1318 7 serological serological JJ 33914 1318 8 activity activity NN 33914 1318 9 of of IN 33914 1318 10 crustacean crustacean NNP 33914 1318 11 and and CC 33914 1318 12 mammalian mammalian NNP 33914 1318 13 sera sera NNP 33914 1318 14 . . . 33914 1319 1 Jour Jour NNP 33914 1319 2 . . . 33914 1320 1 Immun Immun VBN 33914 1320 2 . . . 33914 1320 3 , , , 33914 1320 4 70:386 70:386 CD 33914 1320 5 - - SYM 33914 1320 6 392 392 CD 33914 1320 7 , , , 33914 1320 8 2 2 CD 33914 1320 9 figs fig NNS 33914 1320 10 . . . 33914 1321 1 LIBBY LIBBY NNP 33914 1321 2 , , , 33914 1321 3 R. R. NNP 33914 1321 4 L. L. NNP 33914 1321 5 1938 1938 CD 33914 1321 6 . . . 33914 1322 1 The the DT 33914 1322 2 photronreflectometer photronreflectometer NN 33914 1322 3 -- -- : 33914 1322 4 an an DT 33914 1322 5 instrument instrument NN 33914 1322 6 for for IN 33914 1322 7 the the DT 33914 1322 8 measurement measurement NN 33914 1322 9 of of IN 33914 1322 10 turbid turbid NN 33914 1322 11 systems system NNS 33914 1322 12 . . . 33914 1323 1 Jour Jour NNP 33914 1323 2 . . . 33914 1324 1 Immun Immun VBN 33914 1324 2 . . . 33914 1324 3 , , , 33914 1324 4 34:71 34:71 CD 33914 1324 5 - - SYM 33914 1324 6 73 73 CD 33914 1324 7 , , , 33914 1324 8 1 1 CD 33914 1324 9 fig fig NN 33914 1324 10 . . . 33914 1325 1 MARTIN MARTIN NNP 33914 1325 2 , , , 33914 1325 3 E. E. NNP 33914 1325 4 P. P. NNP 33914 1325 5 , , , 33914 1325 6 and and CC 33914 1325 7 LEONE LEONE NNP 33914 1325 8 , , , 33914 1325 9 C. C. NNP 33914 1325 10 A. A. NNP 33914 1326 1 1952 1952 CD 33914 1326 2 . . . 33914 1327 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 1327 2 relationships relationship NNS 33914 1327 3 among among IN 33914 1327 4 domestic domestic JJ 33914 1327 5 fowl fowl NN 33914 1327 6 as as IN 33914 1327 7 shown show VBN 33914 1327 8 by by IN 33914 1327 9 comparisons comparison NNS 33914 1327 10 of of IN 33914 1327 11 protein protein NN 33914 1327 12 preparations preparation NNS 33914 1327 13 from from IN 33914 1327 14 corresponding correspond VBG 33914 1327 15 organ organ NN 33914 1327 16 systems system NNS 33914 1327 17 . . . 33914 1328 1 Trans tran NNS 33914 1328 2 . . . 33914 1329 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1329 2 Acad Acad NNP 33914 1329 3 . . . 33914 1330 1 Sci Sci NNP 33914 1330 2 . . NNP 33914 1330 3 , , , 33914 1330 4 55:439 55:439 CD 33914 1330 5 - - SYM 33914 1330 6 444 444 CD 33914 1330 7 , , , 33914 1330 8 1 1 CD 33914 1330 9 fig fig NN 33914 1330 10 . . . 33914 1331 1 MCGIBBON MCGIBBON NNP 33914 1331 2 , , , 33914 1331 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1331 4 H. H. NNP 33914 1331 5 1945 1945 CD 33914 1331 6 . . . 33914 1332 1 Further further JJ 33914 1332 2 division division NN 33914 1332 3 of of IN 33914 1332 4 contrasting contrast VBG 33914 1332 5 antigens antigen NNS 33914 1332 6 in in IN 33914 1332 7 species specie NNS 33914 1332 8 hybrids hybrid NNS 33914 1332 9 in in IN 33914 1332 10 ducks duck NNS 33914 1332 11 . . . 33914 1333 1 Genetics Genetics NNP 33914 1333 2 , , , 33914 1333 3 30:252 30:252 CD 33914 1333 4 - - SYM 33914 1333 5 265 265 CD 33914 1333 6 . . . 33914 1334 1 SASAKI SASAKI NNP 33914 1334 2 , , , 33914 1334 3 K. K. NNP 33914 1334 4 1928 1928 CD 33914 1334 5 . . . 33914 1335 1 Serological serological JJ 33914 1335 2 examination examination NN 33914 1335 3 of of IN 33914 1335 4 the the DT 33914 1335 5 blood blood NN 33914 1335 6 - - HYPH 33914 1335 7 relationship relationship NN 33914 1335 8 between between IN 33914 1335 9 wild wild JJ 33914 1335 10 and and CC 33914 1335 11 domestic domestic JJ 33914 1335 12 ducks duck NNS 33914 1335 13 . . . 33914 1336 1 Jour Jour NNP 33914 1336 2 . . . 33914 1337 1 Dept dept VB 33914 1337 2 . . . 33914 1338 1 Agri Agri NNP 33914 1338 2 . . NNP 33914 1338 3 , , , 33914 1338 4 Kyushu Kyushu NNP 33914 1338 5 Imp Imp NNP 33914 1338 6 . . . 33914 1339 1 Univ Univ NNP 33914 1339 2 . . NNP 33914 1339 3 , , , 33914 1339 4 2:117 2:117 CD 33914 1339 5 - - SYM 33914 1339 6 132 132 CD 33914 1339 7 . . . 33914 1340 1 SIMPSON SIMPSON NNP 33914 1340 2 , , , 33914 1340 3 G. G. NNP 33914 1340 4 G. G. NNP 33914 1340 5 1944 1944 CD 33914 1340 6 . . . 33914 1341 1 Tempo Tempo NNP 33914 1341 2 and and CC 33914 1341 3 mode mode NN 33914 1341 4 in in IN 33914 1341 5 evolution evolution NN 33914 1341 6 . . . 33914 1342 1 Columbia Columbia NNP 33914 1342 2 Univ Univ NNP 33914 1342 3 . . . 33914 1343 1 Press Press NNP 33914 1343 2 , , , 33914 1343 3 New New NNP 33914 1343 4 York York NNP 33914 1343 5 , , , 33914 1343 6 xviii xviii NN 33914 1343 7 + + CC 33914 1343 8 237 237 CD 33914 1343 9 pp pp NNP 33914 1343 10 . . NNP 33914 1343 11 , , , 33914 1343 12 36 36 CD 33914 1343 13 figs fig NNS 33914 1343 14 . . . 33914 1344 1 SUSHKIN SUSHKIN NNP 33914 1344 2 , , , 33914 1344 3 P. P. NNP 33914 1344 4 P. P. NNP 33914 1344 5 1924 1924 CD 33914 1344 6 . . . 33914 1345 1 [ [ -LRB- 33914 1345 2 On on IN 33914 1345 3 the the DT 33914 1345 4 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1345 5 and and CC 33914 1345 6 allied allied JJ 33914 1345 7 groups group NNS 33914 1345 8 . . . 33914 1345 9 ] ] -RRB- 33914 1346 1 Bull Bull NNP 33914 1346 2 . . . 33914 1347 1 British British NNP 33914 1347 2 Ornith Ornith NNP 33914 1347 3 . . . 33914 1348 1 Club club NN 33914 1348 2 , , , 33914 1348 3 45:36 45:36 CD 33914 1348 4 - - SYM 33914 1348 5 39 39 CD 33914 1348 6 . . . 33914 1349 1 1925 1925 CD 33914 1349 2 . . . 33914 1350 1 The the DT 33914 1350 2 evening evening NN 33914 1350 3 grosbeak grosbeak NN 33914 1350 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1350 5 Hesperiphona Hesperiphona NNP 33914 1350 6 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1350 7 , , , 33914 1350 8 the the DT 33914 1350 9 only only JJ 33914 1350 10 American american JJ 33914 1350 11 genus genus NN 33914 1350 12 of of IN 33914 1350 13 a a DT 33914 1350 14 Palaearctic palaearctic JJ 33914 1350 15 group group NN 33914 1350 16 . . . 33914 1351 1 Auk auk NN 33914 1351 2 , , , 33914 1351 3 42:256 42:256 CD 33914 1351 4 - - SYM 33914 1351 5 261 261 CD 33914 1351 6 , , , 33914 1351 7 2 2 CD 33914 1351 8 figs fig NNS 33914 1351 9 . . . 33914 1352 1 TORDOFF TORDOFF NNP 33914 1352 2 , , , 33914 1352 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1352 4 B. B. NNP 33914 1353 1 1954 1954 CD 33914 1353 2 . . . 33914 1354 1 A a DT 33914 1354 2 systematic systematic JJ 33914 1354 3 study study NN 33914 1354 4 of of IN 33914 1354 5 the the DT 33914 1354 6 avian avian JJ 33914 1354 7 family family NN 33914 1354 8 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1354 9 , , , 33914 1354 10 based base VBN 33914 1354 11 on on IN 33914 1354 12 the the DT 33914 1354 13 structure structure NN 33914 1354 14 of of IN 33914 1354 15 the the DT 33914 1354 16 skull skull NN 33914 1354 17 . . . 33914 1355 1 Univ Univ NNP 33914 1355 2 . . . 33914 1356 1 Michigan Michigan NNP 33914 1356 2 Mus Mus NNP 33914 1356 3 . . . 33914 1357 1 Zool Zool NNP 33914 1357 2 . . . 33914 1358 1 Misc Misc NNP 33914 1358 2 . . . 33914 1359 1 Publ Publ NNS 33914 1359 2 . . . 33914 1360 1 No no UH 33914 1360 2 . . . 33914 1361 1 81:1 81:1 CD 33914 1361 2 - - SYM 33914 1361 3 42 42 CD 33914 1361 4 , , , 33914 1361 5 77 77 CD 33914 1361 6 figs fig NNS 33914 1361 7 . . . 33914 1362 1 WETMORE WETMORE NNP 33914 1362 2 , , , 33914 1362 3 A. a. NN 33914 1363 1 1951 1951 CD 33914 1363 2 . . . 33914 1364 1 A a DT 33914 1364 2 revised revised JJ 33914 1364 3 classification classification NN 33914 1364 4 for for IN 33914 1364 5 the the DT 33914 1364 6 birds bird NNS 33914 1364 7 of of IN 33914 1364 8 the the DT 33914 1364 9 world world NN 33914 1364 10 . . . 33914 1365 1 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 33914 1365 2 Misc Misc NNP 33914 1365 3 . . . 33914 1366 1 Coll Coll NNP 33914 1366 2 . . . 33914 1366 3 , , , 33914 1366 4 117(4):1 117(4):1 CD 33914 1366 5 - - SYM 33914 1366 6 22 22 CD 33914 1366 7 . . . 33914 1367 1 _ _ NNP 33914 1367 2 Transmitted Transmitted NNP 33914 1367 3 June June NNP 33914 1367 4 8 8 CD 33914 1367 5 , , , 33914 1367 6 1954 1954 CD 33914 1367 7 . . . 33914 1367 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1367 9 25 25 CD 33914 1367 10 - - HYPH 33914 1367 11 4632 4632 CD 33914 1367 12 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 33914 1367 13 OF of IN 33914 1367 14 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 33914 1367 15 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 33914 1367 16 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 33914 1367 17 OF of IN 33914 1367 18 NATURAL natural JJ 33914 1367 19 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 33914 1367 20 Institutional institutional JJ 33914 1367 21 libraries library NNS 33914 1367 22 interested interested JJ 33914 1367 23 in in IN 33914 1367 24 publications publication NNS 33914 1367 25 exchange exchange NN 33914 1367 26 may may MD 33914 1367 27 obtain obtain VB 33914 1367 28 this this DT 33914 1367 29 series series NN 33914 1367 30 by by IN 33914 1367 31 addressing address VBG 33914 1367 32 the the DT 33914 1367 33 Exchange Exchange NNP 33914 1367 34 Librarian Librarian NNP 33914 1367 35 , , , 33914 1367 36 University University NNP 33914 1367 37 of of IN 33914 1367 38 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1367 39 Library Library NNP 33914 1367 40 , , , 33914 1367 41 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 33914 1367 42 , , , 33914 1367 43 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1367 44 . . . 33914 1368 1 Copies copy NNS 33914 1368 2 for for IN 33914 1368 3 individuals individual NNS 33914 1368 4 , , , 33914 1368 5 persons person NNS 33914 1368 6 working work VBG 33914 1368 7 in in IN 33914 1368 8 a a DT 33914 1368 9 particular particular JJ 33914 1368 10 field field NN 33914 1368 11 of of IN 33914 1368 12 study study NN 33914 1368 13 , , , 33914 1368 14 may may MD 33914 1368 15 be be VB 33914 1368 16 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1368 17 by by IN 33914 1368 18 addressing address VBG 33914 1368 19 instead instead RB 33914 1368 20 the the DT 33914 1368 21 Museum Museum NNP 33914 1368 22 of of IN 33914 1368 23 Natural Natural NNP 33914 1368 24 History History NNP 33914 1368 25 , , , 33914 1368 26 University University NNP 33914 1368 27 of of IN 33914 1368 28 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1368 29 , , , 33914 1368 30 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 33914 1368 31 , , , 33914 1368 32 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1368 33 . . . 33914 1369 1 There there EX 33914 1369 2 is be VBZ 33914 1369 3 no no DT 33914 1369 4 provision provision NN 33914 1369 5 for for IN 33914 1369 6 sale sale NN 33914 1369 7 of of IN 33914 1369 8 this this DT 33914 1369 9 series series NN 33914 1369 10 by by IN 33914 1369 11 the the DT 33914 1369 12 University University NNP 33914 1369 13 Library Library NNP 33914 1369 14 which which WDT 33914 1369 15 meets meet VBZ 33914 1369 16 institutional institutional JJ 33914 1369 17 requests request NNS 33914 1369 18 , , , 33914 1369 19 or or CC 33914 1369 20 by by IN 33914 1369 21 the the DT 33914 1369 22 Museum Museum NNP 33914 1369 23 of of IN 33914 1369 24 Natural Natural NNP 33914 1369 25 History History NNP 33914 1369 26 which which WDT 33914 1369 27 meets meet VBZ 33914 1369 28 the the DT 33914 1369 29 requests request NNS 33914 1369 30 of of IN 33914 1369 31 individuals individual NNS 33914 1369 32 . . . 33914 1370 1 However however RB 33914 1370 2 , , , 33914 1370 3 when when WRB 33914 1370 4 individuals individual NNS 33914 1370 5 request request VBP 33914 1370 6 copies copy NNS 33914 1370 7 from from IN 33914 1370 8 the the DT 33914 1370 9 Museum Museum NNP 33914 1370 10 , , , 33914 1370 11 25 25 CD 33914 1370 12 cents cent NNS 33914 1370 13 should should MD 33914 1370 14 be be VB 33914 1370 15 included include VBN 33914 1370 16 , , , 33914 1370 17 for for IN 33914 1370 18 each each DT 33914 1370 19 separate separate JJ 33914 1370 20 number number NN 33914 1370 21 that that WDT 33914 1370 22 is be VBZ 33914 1370 23 100 100 CD 33914 1370 24 pages page NNS 33914 1370 25 or or CC 33914 1370 26 more more JJR 33914 1370 27 in in IN 33914 1370 28 length length NN 33914 1370 29 , , , 33914 1370 30 for for IN 33914 1370 31 the the DT 33914 1370 32 purpose purpose NN 33914 1370 33 of of IN 33914 1370 34 defraying defray VBG 33914 1370 35 the the DT 33914 1370 36 costs cost NNS 33914 1370 37 of of IN 33914 1370 38 wrapping wrapping NN 33914 1370 39 and and CC 33914 1370 40 mailing mailing NN 33914 1370 41 . . . 33914 1371 1 * * NFP 33914 1371 2 An an DT 33914 1371 3 asterisk asterisk NN 33914 1371 4 designates designate VBZ 33914 1371 5 those those DT 33914 1371 6 numbers number NNS 33914 1371 7 of of IN 33914 1371 8 which which WDT 33914 1371 9 the the DT 33914 1371 10 Museum Museum NNP 33914 1371 11 's 's POS 33914 1371 12 supply supply NN 33914 1371 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1371 14 not not RB 33914 1371 15 the the DT 33914 1371 16 Library Library NNP 33914 1371 17 's 's POS 33914 1371 18 supply supply NN 33914 1371 19 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1371 20 is be VBZ 33914 1371 21 exhausted exhaust VBN 33914 1371 22 . . . 33914 1372 1 Numbers number NNS 33914 1372 2 published publish VBN 33914 1372 3 to to IN 33914 1372 4 date date NN 33914 1372 5 , , , 33914 1372 6 in in IN 33914 1372 7 this this DT 33914 1372 8 series series NN 33914 1372 9 , , , 33914 1372 10 are be VBP 33914 1372 11 as as IN 33914 1372 12 follows follow VBZ 33914 1372 13 : : : 33914 1372 14 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1372 15 . . . 33914 1373 1 1 1 LS 33914 1373 2 . . . 33914 1374 1 1 1 LS 33914 1374 2 . . . 33914 1375 1 The the DT 33914 1375 2 pocket pocket NN 33914 1375 3 gophers gopher NNS 33914 1375 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1375 5 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1375 6 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 33914 1375 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1375 8 of of IN 33914 1375 9 Utah Utah NNP 33914 1375 10 . . . 33914 1376 1 By by IN 33914 1376 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 33914 1376 3 D. D. NNP 33914 1376 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 33914 1376 5 . . . 33914 1377 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1377 2 . . . 33914 1378 1 1 1 CD 33914 1378 2 - - SYM 33914 1378 3 82 82 CD 33914 1378 4 , , , 33914 1378 5 1 1 CD 33914 1378 6 figure figure NN 33914 1378 7 in in IN 33914 1378 8 text text NN 33914 1378 9 ; ; : 33914 1378 10 August August NNP 33914 1378 11 15 15 CD 33914 1378 12 , , , 33914 1378 13 1946 1946 CD 33914 1378 14 . . . 33914 1379 1 2 2 LS 33914 1379 2 . . . 33914 1380 1 The the DT 33914 1380 2 systematic systematic JJ 33914 1380 3 status status NN 33914 1380 4 of of IN 33914 1380 5 Eumeces Eumeces NNPS 33914 1380 6 pluvialis pluviali NNS 33914 1380 7 Cope cope VB 33914 1380 8 , , , 33914 1380 9 and and CC 33914 1380 10 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33914 1380 11 records record NNS 33914 1380 12 of of IN 33914 1380 13 other other JJ 33914 1380 14 amphibians amphibian NNS 33914 1380 15 and and CC 33914 1380 16 reptiles reptile NNS 33914 1380 17 from from IN 33914 1380 18 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1380 19 and and CC 33914 1380 20 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 33914 1380 21 . . . 33914 1381 1 By by IN 33914 1381 2 Hobart Hobart NNP 33914 1381 3 M. M. NNP 33914 1381 4 Smith Smith NNP 33914 1381 5 . . . 33914 1382 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1382 2 . . . 33914 1383 1 85 85 CD 33914 1383 2 - - SYM 33914 1383 3 89 89 CD 33914 1383 4 . . . 33914 1384 1 August August NNP 33914 1384 2 15 15 CD 33914 1384 3 , , , 33914 1384 4 1946 1946 CD 33914 1384 5 . . . 33914 1385 1 3 3 LS 33914 1385 2 . . . 33914 1386 1 The the DT 33914 1386 2 tadpoles tadpole NNS 33914 1386 3 of of IN 33914 1386 4 Bufo Bufo NNP 33914 1386 5 cognatus cognatus NN 33914 1386 6 Say Say NNP 33914 1386 7 . . . 33914 1387 1 By by IN 33914 1387 2 Hobart Hobart NNP 33914 1387 3 M. M. NNP 33914 1387 4 Smith Smith NNP 33914 1387 5 . . . 33914 1388 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1388 2 . . . 33914 1389 1 93 93 CD 33914 1389 2 - - SYM 33914 1389 3 96 96 CD 33914 1389 4 , , , 33914 1389 5 1 1 CD 33914 1389 6 figure figure NN 33914 1389 7 in in IN 33914 1389 8 text text NN 33914 1389 9 . . . 33914 1390 1 August August NNP 33914 1390 2 15 15 CD 33914 1390 3 , , , 33914 1390 4 1946 1946 CD 33914 1390 5 . . . 33914 1391 1 4 4 LS 33914 1391 2 . . . 33914 1392 1 Hybridization hybridization NN 33914 1392 2 between between IN 33914 1392 3 two two CD 33914 1392 4 species specie NNS 33914 1392 5 of of IN 33914 1392 6 garter garter NN 33914 1392 7 snakes snake NNS 33914 1392 8 . . . 33914 1393 1 By by IN 33914 1393 2 Hobart Hobart NNP 33914 1393 3 M. M. NNP 33914 1393 4 Smith Smith NNP 33914 1393 5 . . . 33914 1394 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1394 2 . . . 33914 1395 1 97 97 CD 33914 1395 2 - - SYM 33914 1395 3 100 100 CD 33914 1395 4 . . . 33914 1396 1 August August NNP 33914 1396 2 15 15 CD 33914 1396 3 , , , 33914 1396 4 1946 1946 CD 33914 1396 5 . . . 33914 1397 1 5 5 CD 33914 1397 2 . . . 33914 1398 1 Selected select VBN 33914 1398 2 records record NNS 33914 1398 3 of of IN 33914 1398 4 reptiles reptile NNS 33914 1398 5 and and CC 33914 1398 6 amphibians amphibian NNS 33914 1398 7 from from IN 33914 1398 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1398 9 . . . 33914 1399 1 By by IN 33914 1399 2 John John NNP 33914 1399 3 Breukelman Breukelman NNP 33914 1399 4 and and CC 33914 1399 5 Hobart Hobart NNP 33914 1399 6 M. M. NNP 33914 1399 7 Smith Smith NNP 33914 1399 8 . . . 33914 1400 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1400 2 . . . 33914 1401 1 101 101 CD 33914 1401 2 - - SYM 33914 1401 3 112 112 CD 33914 1401 4 . . . 33914 1402 1 August August NNP 33914 1402 2 15 15 CD 33914 1402 3 , , , 33914 1402 4 1946 1946 CD 33914 1402 5 . . . 33914 1403 1 6 6 CD 33914 1403 2 . . . 33914 1404 1 Kyphosis kyphosis NN 33914 1404 2 and and CC 33914 1404 3 other other JJ 33914 1404 4 variations variation NNS 33914 1404 5 in in IN 33914 1404 6 soft soft JJ 33914 1404 7 - - HYPH 33914 1404 8 shelled shell VBN 33914 1404 9 turtles turtle NNS 33914 1404 10 . . . 33914 1405 1 By by IN 33914 1405 2 Hobart Hobart NNP 33914 1405 3 M. M. NNP 33914 1405 4 Smith Smith NNP 33914 1405 5 . . . 33914 1406 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1406 2 . . . 33914 1407 1 117 117 CD 33914 1407 2 - - SYM 33914 1407 3 124 124 CD 33914 1407 4 , , , 33914 1407 5 3 3 CD 33914 1407 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1407 7 in in IN 33914 1407 8 text text NN 33914 1407 9 . . . 33914 1408 1 July July NNP 33914 1408 2 7 7 CD 33914 1408 3 , , , 33914 1408 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1408 5 . . . 33914 1409 1 * * NFP 33914 1409 2 7 7 CD 33914 1409 3 . . . 33914 1410 1 Natural natural JJ 33914 1410 2 history history NN 33914 1410 3 of of IN 33914 1410 4 the the DT 33914 1410 5 prairie prairie NN 33914 1410 6 vole vole NNP 33914 1410 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1410 8 Mammalian Mammalian NNP 33914 1410 9 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1410 10 Microtus Microtus NNP 33914 1410 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1410 12 . . . 33914 1411 1 By by IN 33914 1411 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1411 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1411 4 Jameson Jameson NNP 33914 1411 5 , , , 33914 1411 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1411 7 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1411 8 . . . 33914 1412 1 125 125 CD 33914 1412 2 - - SYM 33914 1412 3 151 151 CD 33914 1412 4 , , , 33914 1412 5 4 4 CD 33914 1412 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1412 7 in in IN 33914 1412 8 text text NN 33914 1412 9 . . . 33914 1413 1 October October NNP 33914 1413 2 6 6 CD 33914 1413 3 , , , 33914 1413 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1413 5 . . . 33914 1414 1 8 8 LS 33914 1414 2 . . . 33914 1415 1 The the DT 33914 1415 2 postnatal postnatal JJ 33914 1415 3 development development NN 33914 1415 4 of of IN 33914 1415 5 two two CD 33914 1415 6 broods brood NNS 33914 1415 7 of of IN 33914 1415 8 great great JJ 33914 1415 9 horned horn VBN 33914 1415 10 owls owl NNS 33914 1415 11 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1415 12 Bubo Bubo NNP 33914 1415 13 virginianus virginianus NN 33914 1415 14 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1415 15 . . . 33914 1416 1 By by IN 33914 1416 2 Donald Donald NNP 33914 1416 3 F. F. NNP 33914 1416 4 Hoffmeister Hoffmeister NNP 33914 1416 5 and and CC 33914 1416 6 Henry Henry NNP 33914 1416 7 W. W. NNP 33914 1416 8 Setzer Setzer NNP 33914 1416 9 . . . 33914 1417 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1417 2 . . . 33914 1418 1 157 157 CD 33914 1418 2 - - SYM 33914 1418 3 173 173 CD 33914 1418 4 , , , 33914 1418 5 5 5 CD 33914 1418 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1418 7 in in IN 33914 1418 8 text text NN 33914 1418 9 . . . 33914 1419 1 October October NNP 33914 1419 2 6 6 CD 33914 1419 3 , , , 33914 1419 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1419 5 . . . 33914 1420 1 9 9 CD 33914 1420 2 . . . 33914 1421 1 Additions addition NNS 33914 1421 2 to to IN 33914 1421 3 the the DT 33914 1421 4 list list NN 33914 1421 5 of of IN 33914 1421 6 the the DT 33914 1421 7 birds bird NNS 33914 1421 8 of of IN 33914 1421 9 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 33914 1421 10 . . . 33914 1422 1 By by IN 33914 1422 2 George George NNP 33914 1422 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1422 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 33914 1422 5 , , , 33914 1422 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1422 7 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1422 8 . . . 33914 1423 1 177 177 CD 33914 1423 2 - - SYM 33914 1423 3 192 192 CD 33914 1423 4 . . . 33914 1424 1 November November NNP 33914 1424 2 7 7 CD 33914 1424 3 , , , 33914 1424 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1424 5 . . . 33914 1425 1 10 10 CD 33914 1425 2 . . . 33914 1426 1 A a DT 33914 1426 2 check check NN 33914 1426 3 - - HYPH 33914 1426 4 list list NN 33914 1426 5 of of IN 33914 1426 6 the the DT 33914 1426 7 birds bird NNS 33914 1426 8 of of IN 33914 1426 9 Idaho Idaho NNP 33914 1426 10 . . . 33914 1427 1 By by IN 33914 1427 2 M. M. NNP 33914 1427 3 Dale Dale NNP 33914 1427 4 Arvey Arvey NNP 33914 1427 5 . . . 33914 1428 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1428 2 . . . 33914 1429 1 193 193 CD 33914 1429 2 - - SYM 33914 1429 3 216 216 CD 33914 1429 4 . . . 33914 1430 1 November November NNP 33914 1430 2 29 29 CD 33914 1430 3 , , , 33914 1430 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1430 5 . . . 33914 1431 1 11 11 CD 33914 1431 2 . . . 33914 1432 1 Subspeciation subspeciation NN 33914 1432 2 in in IN 33914 1432 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1432 4 gophers gopher NNS 33914 1432 5 of of IN 33914 1432 6 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1432 7 . . . 33914 1433 1 By by IN 33914 1433 2 Bernardo Bernardo NNP 33914 1433 3 Villa Villa NNP 33914 1433 4 R. R. NNP 33914 1433 5 and and CC 33914 1433 6 E. E. NNP 33914 1433 7 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1433 8 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1433 9 . . . 33914 1434 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1434 2 . . . 33914 1435 1 217 217 CD 33914 1435 2 - - SYM 33914 1435 3 236 236 CD 33914 1435 4 , , , 33914 1435 5 2 2 CD 33914 1435 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1435 7 in in IN 33914 1435 8 text text NN 33914 1435 9 . . . 33914 1436 1 November November NNP 33914 1436 2 29 29 CD 33914 1436 3 , , , 33914 1436 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1436 5 . . . 33914 1437 1 12 12 CD 33914 1437 2 . . . 33914 1438 1 A a DT 33914 1438 2 new new JJ 33914 1438 3 bat bat NN 33914 1438 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1438 5 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1438 6 Myotis Myotis NNP 33914 1438 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1438 8 from from IN 33914 1438 9 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1438 10 . . . 33914 1439 1 By by IN 33914 1439 2 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1439 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1439 4 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1439 5 and and CC 33914 1439 6 E. E. NNP 33914 1439 7 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1439 8 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1439 9 . . . 33914 1440 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1440 2 . . . 33914 1441 1 237 237 CD 33914 1441 2 - - SYM 33914 1441 3 244 244 CD 33914 1441 4 , , , 33914 1441 5 6 6 CD 33914 1441 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1441 7 in in IN 33914 1441 8 text text NN 33914 1441 9 . . . 33914 1442 1 December December NNP 33914 1442 2 10 10 CD 33914 1442 3 , , , 33914 1442 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1442 5 . . . 33914 1443 1 13 13 CD 33914 1443 2 . . . 33914 1444 1 Tadarida tadarida NN 33914 1444 2 femorosacca femorosacca NN 33914 1444 3 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1444 4 Merriam Merriam NNP 33914 1444 5 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1444 6 in in IN 33914 1444 7 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas NNP 33914 1444 8 , , , 33914 1444 9 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1444 10 . . . 33914 1445 1 By by IN 33914 1445 2 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1445 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1445 4 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1445 5 and and CC 33914 1445 6 E. E. NNP 33914 1445 7 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1445 8 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1445 9 . . . 33914 1446 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1446 2 . . . 33914 1447 1 245 245 CD 33914 1447 2 - - SYM 33914 1447 3 248 248 CD 33914 1447 4 , , , 33914 1447 5 1 1 CD 33914 1447 6 figure figure NN 33914 1447 7 in in IN 33914 1447 8 text text NN 33914 1447 9 . . . 33914 1448 1 December December NNP 33914 1448 2 10 10 CD 33914 1448 3 , , , 33914 1448 4 1947 1947 CD 33914 1448 5 . . . 33914 1449 1 14 14 CD 33914 1449 2 . . . 33914 1450 1 A a DT 33914 1450 2 new new JJ 33914 1450 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1450 4 gopher gopher NN 33914 1450 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1450 6 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 33914 1450 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1450 8 and and CC 33914 1450 9 a a DT 33914 1450 10 new new JJ 33914 1450 11 spiny spiny JJ 33914 1450 12 pocket pocket NN 33914 1450 13 mouse mouse NN 33914 1450 14 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1450 15 Liomys Liomys NNP 33914 1450 16 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1450 17 from from IN 33914 1450 18 Michoacán michoacã¡n NN 33914 1450 19 , , , 33914 1450 20 Mà Mà NNP 33914 1450 21 © © NNP 33914 1450 22 xico xico NNP 33914 1450 23 . . . 33914 1451 1 By by IN 33914 1451 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1451 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1451 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1451 5 and and CC 33914 1451 6 Bernardo Bernardo NNP 33914 1451 7 Villa Villa NNP 33914 1451 8 R. R. NNP 33914 1451 9 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1451 10 . . . 33914 1452 1 249 249 CD 33914 1452 2 - - SYM 33914 1452 3 256 256 CD 33914 1452 4 , , , 33914 1452 5 6 6 CD 33914 1452 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1452 7 in in IN 33914 1452 8 text text NN 33914 1452 9 . . . 33914 1453 1 July July NNP 33914 1453 2 26 26 CD 33914 1453 3 , , , 33914 1453 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1453 5 . . . 33914 1454 1 15 15 CD 33914 1454 2 . . . 33914 1455 1 A a DT 33914 1455 2 new new JJ 33914 1455 3 hylid hylid JJ 33914 1455 4 frog frog NN 33914 1455 5 from from IN 33914 1455 6 eastern eastern JJ 33914 1455 7 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1455 8 . . . 33914 1456 1 By by IN 33914 1456 2 Edward Edward NNP 33914 1456 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1456 4 Taylor Taylor NNP 33914 1456 5 . . . 33914 1457 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1457 2 . . . 33914 1458 1 257 257 CD 33914 1458 2 - - SYM 33914 1458 3 264 264 CD 33914 1458 4 , , , 33914 1458 5 1 1 CD 33914 1458 6 figure figure NN 33914 1458 7 in in IN 33914 1458 8 text text NN 33914 1458 9 . . . 33914 1459 1 August August NNP 33914 1459 2 16 16 CD 33914 1459 3 , , , 33914 1459 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1459 5 . . . 33914 1460 1 16 16 CD 33914 1460 2 . . . 33914 1461 1 A a DT 33914 1461 2 new new JJ 33914 1461 3 extinct extinct JJ 33914 1461 4 emydid emydid NN 33914 1461 5 turtle turtle NN 33914 1461 6 from from IN 33914 1461 7 the the DT 33914 1461 8 Lower Lower NNP 33914 1461 9 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 33914 1461 10 of of IN 33914 1461 11 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 33914 1461 12 . . . 33914 1462 1 By by IN 33914 1462 2 Edwin Edwin NNP 33914 1462 3 C. C. NNP 33914 1462 4 Galbreath Galbreath NNP 33914 1462 5 . . . 33914 1463 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1463 2 . . . 33914 1464 1 265 265 CD 33914 1464 2 - - SYM 33914 1464 3 280 280 CD 33914 1464 4 , , , 33914 1464 5 1 1 CD 33914 1464 6 plate plate NN 33914 1464 7 . . . 33914 1465 1 August August NNP 33914 1465 2 16 16 CD 33914 1465 3 , , , 33914 1465 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1465 5 . . . 33914 1466 1 17 17 CD 33914 1466 2 . . . 33914 1467 1 Pliocene pliocene JJ 33914 1467 2 and and CC 33914 1467 3 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 33914 1467 4 records record NNS 33914 1467 5 of of IN 33914 1467 6 fossil fossil JJ 33914 1467 7 turtles turtle NNS 33914 1467 8 from from IN 33914 1467 9 western western JJ 33914 1467 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1467 11 and and CC 33914 1467 12 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 33914 1467 13 . . . 33914 1468 1 By by IN 33914 1468 2 Edwin Edwin NNP 33914 1468 3 C. C. NNP 33914 1468 4 Galbreath Galbreath NNP 33914 1468 5 . . . 33914 1469 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1469 2 . . . 33914 1470 1 281 281 CD 33914 1470 2 - - SYM 33914 1470 3 284 284 CD 33914 1470 4 . . . 33914 1471 1 August August NNP 33914 1471 2 16 16 CD 33914 1471 3 , , , 33914 1471 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1471 5 . . . 33914 1472 1 18 18 CD 33914 1472 2 . . . 33914 1473 1 A a DT 33914 1473 2 new new JJ 33914 1473 3 species specie NNS 33914 1473 4 of of IN 33914 1473 5 heteromyid heteromyid JJ 33914 1473 6 rodent rodent NN 33914 1473 7 from from IN 33914 1473 8 the the DT 33914 1473 9 Middle Middle NNP 33914 1473 10 Oligocene Oligocene NNP 33914 1473 11 of of IN 33914 1473 12 northeastern northeastern JJ 33914 1473 13 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1473 14 with with IN 33914 1473 15 remarks remark NNS 33914 1473 16 on on IN 33914 1473 17 the the DT 33914 1473 18 skull skull NN 33914 1473 19 . . . 33914 1474 1 By by IN 33914 1474 2 Edwin Edwin NNP 33914 1474 3 C. C. NNP 33914 1474 4 Galbreath Galbreath NNP 33914 1474 5 . . . 33914 1475 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1475 2 . . . 33914 1476 1 285 285 CD 33914 1476 2 - - SYM 33914 1476 3 300 300 CD 33914 1476 4 , , , 33914 1476 5 2 2 CD 33914 1476 6 plates plate NNS 33914 1476 7 . . . 33914 1477 1 August August NNP 33914 1477 2 16 16 CD 33914 1477 3 , , , 33914 1477 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1477 5 . . . 33914 1478 1 19 19 CD 33914 1478 2 . . . 33914 1479 1 Speciation speciation NN 33914 1479 2 in in IN 33914 1479 3 the the DT 33914 1479 4 Brazilian brazilian JJ 33914 1479 5 spiny spiny NN 33914 1479 6 rats rat NNS 33914 1479 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1479 8 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1479 9 Proechimys Proechimys NNP 33914 1479 10 , , , 33914 1479 11 Family Family NNP 33914 1479 12 Echimyidae Echimyidae NNP 33914 1479 13 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1479 14 . . . 33914 1480 1 By by IN 33914 1480 2 João João NNP 33914 1480 3 Moojen Moojen NNP 33914 1480 4 . . . 33914 1481 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1481 2 . . . 33914 1482 1 301 301 CD 33914 1482 2 - - SYM 33914 1482 3 406 406 CD 33914 1482 4 , , , 33914 1482 5 140 140 CD 33914 1482 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1482 7 in in IN 33914 1482 8 text text NN 33914 1482 9 . . . 33914 1483 1 December December NNP 33914 1483 2 10 10 CD 33914 1483 3 , , , 33914 1483 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1483 5 . . . 33914 1484 1 20 20 CD 33914 1484 2 . . . 33914 1485 1 Three three CD 33914 1485 2 new new JJ 33914 1485 3 beavers beaver NNS 33914 1485 4 from from IN 33914 1485 5 Utah Utah NNP 33914 1485 6 . . . 33914 1486 1 By by IN 33914 1486 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 33914 1486 3 D. D. NNP 33914 1486 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 33914 1486 5 and and CC 33914 1486 6 Harold Harold NNP 33914 1486 7 S. S. NNP 33914 1486 8 Crane Crane NNP 33914 1486 9 . . . 33914 1487 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1487 2 . . . 33914 1488 1 407 407 CD 33914 1488 2 - - SYM 33914 1488 3 417 417 CD 33914 1488 4 , , , 33914 1488 5 7 7 CD 33914 1488 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1488 7 in in IN 33914 1488 8 text text NN 33914 1488 9 . . . 33914 1489 1 December December NNP 33914 1489 2 24 24 CD 33914 1489 3 , , , 33914 1489 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1489 5 . . . 33914 1490 1 21 21 CD 33914 1490 2 . . . 33914 1491 1 Two two CD 33914 1491 2 new new JJ 33914 1491 3 meadow meadow NN 33914 1491 4 mice mouse NNS 33914 1491 5 from from IN 33914 1491 6 Michoacán michoacã¡n NN 33914 1491 7 , , , 33914 1491 8 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1491 9 . . . 33914 1492 1 By by IN 33914 1492 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1492 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1492 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1492 5 . . . 33914 1493 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1493 2 . . . 33914 1494 1 423 423 CD 33914 1494 2 - - SYM 33914 1494 3 427 427 CD 33914 1494 4 , , , 33914 1494 5 6 6 CD 33914 1494 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1494 7 in in IN 33914 1494 8 text text NN 33914 1494 9 . . . 33914 1495 1 December December NNP 33914 1495 2 24 24 CD 33914 1495 3 , , , 33914 1495 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1495 5 . . . 33914 1496 1 22 22 CD 33914 1496 2 . . . 33914 1497 1 An an DT 33914 1497 2 annotated annotated JJ 33914 1497 3 check check NN 33914 1497 4 list list NN 33914 1497 5 of of IN 33914 1497 6 the the DT 33914 1497 7 mammals mammal NNS 33914 1497 8 of of IN 33914 1497 9 Michoacán Michoacán NNS 33914 1497 10 , , , 33914 1497 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1497 12 . . . 33914 1498 1 By by IN 33914 1498 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1498 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1498 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1498 5 and and CC 33914 1498 6 Bernardo Bernardo NNP 33914 1498 7 Villa Villa NNP 33914 1498 8 R. R. NNP 33914 1498 9 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1498 10 . . . 33914 1499 1 431 431 CD 33914 1499 2 - - SYM 33914 1499 3 472 472 CD 33914 1499 4 , , , 33914 1499 5 2 2 CD 33914 1499 6 plates plate NNS 33914 1499 7 , , , 33914 1499 8 1 1 CD 33914 1499 9 figure figure NN 33914 1499 10 in in IN 33914 1499 11 text text NN 33914 1499 12 . . . 33914 1500 1 December December NNP 33914 1500 2 27 27 CD 33914 1500 3 , , , 33914 1500 4 1949 1949 CD 33914 1500 5 . . . 33914 1501 1 23 23 CD 33914 1501 2 . . . 33914 1502 1 Subspeciation subspeciation NN 33914 1502 2 in in IN 33914 1502 3 the the DT 33914 1502 4 kangaroo kangaroo NNP 33914 1502 5 rat rat NNP 33914 1502 6 , , , 33914 1502 7 Dipodomys Dipodomys NNP 33914 1502 8 ordii ordii JJ 33914 1502 9 . . . 33914 1503 1 By by IN 33914 1503 2 Henry Henry NNP 33914 1503 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1503 4 Setzer Setzer NNP 33914 1503 5 . . . 33914 1504 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1504 2 . . . 33914 1505 1 473 473 CD 33914 1505 2 - - SYM 33914 1505 3 573 573 CD 33914 1505 4 , , , 33914 1505 5 27 27 CD 33914 1505 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1505 7 in in IN 33914 1505 8 text text NN 33914 1505 9 , , , 33914 1505 10 7 7 CD 33914 1505 11 tables table NNS 33914 1505 12 . . . 33914 1506 1 December December NNP 33914 1506 2 27 27 CD 33914 1506 3 , , , 33914 1506 4 1949 1949 CD 33914 1506 5 . . . 33914 1507 1 24 24 CD 33914 1507 2 . . . 33914 1508 1 Geographic geographic JJ 33914 1508 2 range range NN 33914 1508 3 of of IN 33914 1508 4 the the DT 33914 1508 5 hooded hood VBN 33914 1508 6 skunk skunk NN 33914 1508 7 , , , 33914 1508 8 Mephitis Mephitis NNP 33914 1508 9 macroura macroura NNP 33914 1508 10 , , , 33914 1508 11 with with IN 33914 1508 12 description description NN 33914 1508 13 of of IN 33914 1508 14 a a DT 33914 1508 15 new new JJ 33914 1508 16 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1508 17 from from IN 33914 1508 18 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1508 19 . . . 33914 1509 1 By by IN 33914 1509 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1509 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1509 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1509 5 and and CC 33914 1509 6 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1509 7 W. W. NNP 33914 1509 8 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1509 9 . . . 33914 1510 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1510 2 . . . 33914 1511 1 575 575 CD 33914 1511 2 - - SYM 33914 1511 3 580 580 CD 33914 1511 4 , , , 33914 1511 5 1 1 CD 33914 1511 6 figure figure NN 33914 1511 7 in in IN 33914 1511 8 text text NN 33914 1511 9 . . . 33914 1512 1 January January NNP 33914 1512 2 20 20 CD 33914 1512 3 , , , 33914 1512 4 1950 1950 CD 33914 1512 5 . . . 33914 1513 1 25 25 CD 33914 1513 2 . . . 33914 1514 1 Pipistrellus Pipistrellus NNP 33914 1514 2 cinnamomeus cinnamomeus NN 33914 1514 3 Miller Miller NNP 33914 1514 4 1902 1902 CD 33914 1514 5 referred refer VBD 33914 1514 6 to to IN 33914 1514 7 the the DT 33914 1514 8 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1514 9 Myotis Myotis NNP 33914 1514 10 . . . 33914 1515 1 By by IN 33914 1515 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1515 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1515 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1515 5 and and CC 33914 1515 6 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1515 7 W. W. NNP 33914 1515 8 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1515 9 . . . 33914 1516 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1516 2 . . . 33914 1517 1 581 581 CD 33914 1517 2 - - SYM 33914 1517 3 590 590 CD 33914 1517 4 , , , 33914 1517 5 5 5 CD 33914 1517 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1517 7 in in IN 33914 1517 8 text text NN 33914 1517 9 . . . 33914 1518 1 January January NNP 33914 1518 2 20 20 CD 33914 1518 3 , , , 33914 1518 4 1950 1950 CD 33914 1518 5 . . . 33914 1519 1 26 26 CD 33914 1519 2 . . . 33914 1520 1 A a DT 33914 1520 2 synopsis synopsis NN 33914 1520 3 of of IN 33914 1520 4 the the DT 33914 1520 5 American american JJ 33914 1520 6 bats bat NNS 33914 1520 7 of of IN 33914 1520 8 the the DT 33914 1520 9 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1520 10 Pipistrellus Pipistrellus NNP 33914 1520 11 . . . 33914 1521 1 By by IN 33914 1521 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1521 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1521 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1521 5 and and CC 33914 1521 6 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1521 7 W. W. NNP 33914 1521 8 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1521 9 . . . 33914 1522 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1522 2 . . . 33914 1523 1 591 591 CD 33914 1523 2 - - SYM 33914 1523 3 602 602 CD 33914 1523 4 , , , 33914 1523 5 1 1 CD 33914 1523 6 figure figure NN 33914 1523 7 in in IN 33914 1523 8 text text NN 33914 1523 9 . . . 33914 1524 1 January January NNP 33914 1524 2 20 20 CD 33914 1524 3 , , , 33914 1524 4 1950 1950 CD 33914 1524 5 . . . 33914 1525 1 Index index NN 33914 1525 2 . . . 33914 1526 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1526 2 . . . 33914 1527 1 605 605 CD 33914 1527 2 - - SYM 33914 1527 3 638 638 CD 33914 1527 4 . . . 33914 1528 1 * * NFP 33914 1528 2 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1528 3 . . . 33914 1529 1 2 2 LS 33914 1529 2 . . . 33914 1530 1 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1530 2 Complete complete JJ 33914 1530 3 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1530 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS 33914 1530 5 of of IN 33914 1530 6 Washington Washington NNP 33914 1530 7 . . . 33914 1531 1 By by IN 33914 1531 2 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1531 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1531 4 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1531 5 . . . 33914 1532 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1532 2 . . . 33914 1533 1 1 1 CD 33914 1533 2 - - SYM 33914 1533 3 444 444 CD 33914 1533 4 , , , 33914 1533 5 140 140 CD 33914 1533 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1533 7 in in IN 33914 1533 8 text text NN 33914 1533 9 . . . 33914 1534 1 April April NNP 33914 1534 2 9 9 CD 33914 1534 3 , , , 33914 1534 4 1948 1948 CD 33914 1534 5 . . . 33914 1535 1 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1535 2 . . . 33914 1536 1 3 3 LS 33914 1536 2 . . . 33914 1537 1 * * NFP 33914 1537 2 1 1 CD 33914 1537 3 . . . 33914 1538 1 The the DT 33914 1538 2 avifauna avifauna NN 33914 1538 3 of of IN 33914 1538 4 Micronesia Micronesia NNP 33914 1538 5 , , , 33914 1538 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 33914 1538 7 origin origin NN 33914 1538 8 , , , 33914 1538 9 evolution evolution NN 33914 1538 10 , , , 33914 1538 11 and and CC 33914 1538 12 distribution distribution NN 33914 1538 13 . . . 33914 1539 1 By by IN 33914 1539 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1539 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1539 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1539 5 . . . 33914 1540 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1540 2 . . . 33914 1541 1 1 1 LS 33914 1541 2 - - SYM 33914 1541 3 359 359 CD 33914 1541 4 , , , 33914 1541 5 16 16 CD 33914 1541 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1541 7 in in IN 33914 1541 8 text text NN 33914 1541 9 . . . 33914 1542 1 June June NNP 33914 1542 2 12 12 CD 33914 1542 3 , , , 33914 1542 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1542 5 . . . 33914 1543 1 * * NFP 33914 1543 2 2 2 CD 33914 1543 3 . . . 33914 1544 1 A a DT 33914 1544 2 quantitative quantitative JJ 33914 1544 3 study study NN 33914 1544 4 of of IN 33914 1544 5 the the DT 33914 1544 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 33914 1544 7 migration migration NN 33914 1544 8 of of IN 33914 1544 9 birds bird NNS 33914 1544 10 . . . 33914 1545 1 By by IN 33914 1545 2 George George NNP 33914 1545 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1545 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 33914 1545 5 , , , 33914 1545 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1545 7 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1545 8 . . . 33914 1546 1 361 361 CD 33914 1546 2 - - SYM 33914 1546 3 472 472 CD 33914 1546 4 , , , 33914 1546 5 47 47 CD 33914 1546 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1546 7 in in IN 33914 1546 8 text text NN 33914 1546 9 . . . 33914 1547 1 June June NNP 33914 1547 2 29 29 CD 33914 1547 3 , , , 33914 1547 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1547 5 . . . 33914 1548 1 3 3 LS 33914 1548 2 . . . 33914 1549 1 Phylogeny phylogeny VB 33914 1549 2 of of IN 33914 1549 3 the the DT 33914 1549 4 waxwings waxwing NNS 33914 1549 5 and and CC 33914 1549 6 allied ally VBN 33914 1549 7 birds bird NNS 33914 1549 8 . . . 33914 1550 1 By by IN 33914 1550 2 M. M. NNP 33914 1550 3 Dale Dale NNP 33914 1550 4 Arvey Arvey NNP 33914 1550 5 . . . 33914 1551 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1551 2 . . . 33914 1552 1 473 473 CD 33914 1552 2 - - SYM 33914 1552 3 530 530 CD 33914 1552 4 , , , 33914 1552 5 49 49 CD 33914 1552 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1552 7 in in IN 33914 1552 8 text text NN 33914 1552 9 , , , 33914 1552 10 13 13 CD 33914 1552 11 tables table NNS 33914 1552 12 . . . 33914 1553 1 October October NNP 33914 1553 2 10 10 CD 33914 1553 3 , , , 33914 1553 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1553 5 . . . 33914 1554 1 4 4 LS 33914 1554 2 . . . 33914 1555 1 Birds bird NNS 33914 1555 2 from from IN 33914 1555 3 the the DT 33914 1555 4 state state NN 33914 1555 5 of of IN 33914 1555 6 Veracruz Veracruz NNP 33914 1555 7 , , , 33914 1555 8 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1555 9 . . . 33914 1556 1 By by IN 33914 1556 2 George George NNP 33914 1556 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1556 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 33914 1556 5 , , , 33914 1556 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1556 7 , , , 33914 1556 8 and and CC 33914 1556 9 Walter Walter NNP 33914 1556 10 W. W. NNP 33914 1556 11 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 33914 1556 12 . . . 33914 1557 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1557 2 . . . 33914 1558 1 531 531 CD 33914 1558 2 - - SYM 33914 1558 3 649 649 CD 33914 1558 4 , , , 33914 1558 5 7 7 CD 33914 1558 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1558 7 in in IN 33914 1558 8 text text NN 33914 1558 9 , , , 33914 1558 10 2 2 CD 33914 1558 11 tables table NNS 33914 1558 12 . . . 33914 1559 1 October October NNP 33914 1559 2 10 10 CD 33914 1559 3 , , , 33914 1559 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1559 5 . . . 33914 1560 1 Index index NN 33914 1560 2 . . . 33914 1561 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1561 2 . . . 33914 1562 1 651 651 CD 33914 1562 2 - - SYM 33914 1562 3 681 681 CD 33914 1562 4 . . . 33914 1563 1 * * NFP 33914 1563 2 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1563 3 . . . 33914 1564 1 4 4 LS 33914 1564 2 . . . 33914 1565 1 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1565 2 Complete complete JJ 33914 1565 3 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1565 4 American american JJ 33914 1565 5 weasels weasel NNS 33914 1565 6 . . . 33914 1566 1 By by IN 33914 1566 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1566 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1566 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1566 5 . . . 33914 1567 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1567 2 . . . 33914 1568 1 1 1 CD 33914 1568 2 - - SYM 33914 1568 3 466 466 CD 33914 1568 4 , , , 33914 1568 5 41 41 CD 33914 1568 6 plates plate NNS 33914 1568 7 , , , 33914 1568 8 31 31 CD 33914 1568 9 figures figure NNS 33914 1568 10 in in IN 33914 1568 11 text text NN 33914 1568 12 . . . 33914 1569 1 December December NNP 33914 1569 2 27 27 CD 33914 1569 3 , , , 33914 1569 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1569 5 . . . 33914 1570 1 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1570 2 . . . 33914 1571 1 5 5 CD 33914 1571 2 . . . 33914 1572 1 1 1 LS 33914 1572 2 . . . 33914 1573 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ 33914 1573 2 survey survey NN 33914 1573 3 of of IN 33914 1573 4 a a DT 33914 1573 5 Paleocene Paleocene NNP 33914 1573 6 faunule faunule NN 33914 1573 7 from from IN 33914 1573 8 the the DT 33914 1573 9 Angels Angels NNPS 33914 1573 10 Peak Peak NNP 33914 1573 11 area area NN 33914 1573 12 , , , 33914 1573 13 New New NNP 33914 1573 14 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1573 15 . . . 33914 1574 1 By by IN 33914 1574 2 Robert Robert NNP 33914 1574 3 W. W. NNP 33914 1574 4 Wilson Wilson NNP 33914 1574 5 . . . 33914 1575 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1575 2 . . . 33914 1576 1 1 1 CD 33914 1576 2 - - SYM 33914 1576 3 11 11 CD 33914 1576 4 , , , 33914 1576 5 1 1 CD 33914 1576 6 figure figure NN 33914 1576 7 in in IN 33914 1576 8 text text NN 33914 1576 9 . . . 33914 1577 1 February February NNP 33914 1577 2 24 24 CD 33914 1577 3 , , , 33914 1577 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1577 5 . . . 33914 1578 1 2 2 LS 33914 1578 2 . . . 33914 1579 1 Two two CD 33914 1579 2 new new JJ 33914 1579 3 moles mole NNS 33914 1579 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1579 5 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1579 6 Scalopus Scalopus NNP 33914 1579 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1579 8 from from IN 33914 1579 9 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1579 10 and and CC 33914 1579 11 Texas Texas NNP 33914 1579 12 . . . 33914 1580 1 By by IN 33914 1580 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1580 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1580 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1580 5 . . . 33914 1581 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1581 2 . . . 33914 1582 1 17 17 CD 33914 1582 2 - - SYM 33914 1582 3 24 24 CD 33914 1582 4 . . . 33914 1583 1 February February NNP 33914 1583 2 28 28 CD 33914 1583 3 , , , 33914 1583 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1583 5 . . . 33914 1584 1 3 3 LS 33914 1584 2 . . . 33914 1585 1 Two two CD 33914 1585 2 new new JJ 33914 1585 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1585 4 gophers gopher NNS 33914 1585 5 from from IN 33914 1585 6 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 33914 1585 7 and and CC 33914 1585 8 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1585 9 . . . 33914 1586 1 By by IN 33914 1586 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1586 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1586 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1586 5 and and CC 33914 1586 6 H. H. NNP 33914 1586 7 Gordon Gordon NNP 33914 1586 8 Montague Montague NNP 33914 1586 9 . . . 33914 1587 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1587 2 . . . 33914 1588 1 25 25 CD 33914 1588 2 - - SYM 33914 1588 3 32 32 CD 33914 1588 4 . . . 33914 1589 1 February February NNP 33914 1589 2 28 28 CD 33914 1589 3 , , , 33914 1589 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1589 5 . . . 33914 1590 1 4 4 LS 33914 1590 2 . . . 33914 1591 1 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1591 2 obtained obtain VBN 33914 1591 3 by by IN 33914 1591 4 Dr. Dr. NNP 33914 1591 5 Curt Curt NNP 33914 1591 6 von von NNP 33914 1591 7 Wedel Wedel NNP 33914 1591 8 from from IN 33914 1591 9 the the DT 33914 1591 10 barrier barrier NN 33914 1591 11 beach beach NN 33914 1591 12 of of IN 33914 1591 13 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas NNP 33914 1591 14 , , , 33914 1591 15 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1591 16 . . . 33914 1592 1 By by IN 33914 1592 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1592 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1592 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1592 5 . . . 33914 1593 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1593 2 . . . 33914 1594 1 33 33 CD 33914 1594 2 - - SYM 33914 1594 3 47 47 CD 33914 1594 4 , , , 33914 1594 5 1 1 CD 33914 1594 6 figure figure NN 33914 1594 7 in in IN 33914 1594 8 text text NN 33914 1594 9 . . . 33914 1595 1 October October NNP 33914 1595 2 1 1 CD 33914 1595 3 , , , 33914 1595 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1595 5 . . . 33914 1596 1 5 5 CD 33914 1596 2 . . . 33914 1597 1 Comments comment NNS 33914 1597 2 on on IN 33914 1597 3 the the DT 33914 1597 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1597 5 and and CC 33914 1597 6 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1597 7 distribution distribution NN 33914 1597 8 of of IN 33914 1597 9 some some DT 33914 1597 10 North north JJ 33914 1597 11 American american JJ 33914 1597 12 rabbits rabbit NNS 33914 1597 13 . . . 33914 1598 1 By by IN 33914 1598 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1598 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1598 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1598 5 and and CC 33914 1598 6 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1598 7 R. R. NNP 33914 1598 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1598 9 . . . 33914 1599 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1599 2 . . . 33914 1600 1 49 49 CD 33914 1600 2 - - SYM 33914 1600 3 58 58 CD 33914 1600 4 . . . 33914 1601 1 October October NNP 33914 1601 2 1 1 CD 33914 1601 3 , , , 33914 1601 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1601 5 . . . 33914 1602 1 6 6 CD 33914 1602 2 . . . 33914 1603 1 Two two CD 33914 1603 2 new new JJ 33914 1603 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1603 4 of of IN 33914 1603 5 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 33914 1603 6 bottae bottae NN 33914 1603 7 from from IN 33914 1603 8 New New NNP 33914 1603 9 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1603 10 and and CC 33914 1603 11 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1603 12 . . . 33914 1604 1 By by IN 33914 1604 2 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1604 3 R. R. NNP 33914 1604 4 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1604 5 . . . 33914 1605 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1605 2 . . . 33914 1606 1 59 59 CD 33914 1606 2 - - SYM 33914 1606 3 71 71 CD 33914 1606 4 , , , 33914 1606 5 1 1 CD 33914 1606 6 figure figure NN 33914 1606 7 in in IN 33914 1606 8 text text NN 33914 1606 9 . . . 33914 1607 1 October October NNP 33914 1607 2 1 1 CD 33914 1607 3 , , , 33914 1607 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1607 5 . . . 33914 1608 1 7 7 LS 33914 1608 2 . . . 33914 1609 1 A a DT 33914 1609 2 new new JJ 33914 1609 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1609 4 of of IN 33914 1609 5 Microtus Microtus NNP 33914 1609 6 montanus montanus NN 33914 1609 7 from from IN 33914 1609 8 Montana Montana NNP 33914 1609 9 and and CC 33914 1609 10 comments comment NNS 33914 1609 11 on on IN 33914 1609 12 Microtus Microtus NNP 33914 1609 13 canicaudus canicaudus NN 33914 1609 14 Miller Miller NNP 33914 1609 15 . . . 33914 1610 1 By by IN 33914 1610 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1610 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1610 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1610 5 and and CC 33914 1610 6 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1610 7 R. R. NNP 33914 1610 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1610 9 . . . 33914 1611 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1611 2 . . . 33914 1612 1 73 73 CD 33914 1612 2 - - SYM 33914 1612 3 79 79 CD 33914 1612 4 . . . 33914 1613 1 October October NNP 33914 1613 2 1 1 CD 33914 1613 3 , , , 33914 1613 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1613 5 . . . 33914 1614 1 8 8 LS 33914 1614 2 . . . 33914 1615 1 A a DT 33914 1615 2 new new JJ 33914 1615 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1615 4 gopher gopher NN 33914 1615 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1615 6 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1615 7 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 33914 1615 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1615 9 from from IN 33914 1615 10 eastern eastern JJ 33914 1615 11 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1615 12 . . . 33914 1616 1 By by IN 33914 1616 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1616 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1616 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1616 5 . . . 33914 1617 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1617 2 . . . 33914 1618 1 81 81 CD 33914 1618 2 - - SYM 33914 1618 3 85 85 CD 33914 1618 4 . . . 33914 1619 1 October October NNP 33914 1619 2 1 1 CD 33914 1619 3 , , , 33914 1619 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1619 5 . . . 33914 1620 1 9 9 CD 33914 1620 2 . . . 33914 1621 1 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1621 2 taken take VBN 33914 1621 3 along along RP 33914 1621 4 the the DT 33914 1621 5 Alaskan Alaskan NNP 33914 1621 6 Highway Highway NNP 33914 1621 7 . . . 33914 1622 1 By by IN 33914 1622 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1622 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1622 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1622 5 . . . 33914 1623 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1623 2 . . . 33914 1624 1 87 87 CD 33914 1624 2 - - SYM 33914 1624 3 117 117 CD 33914 1624 4 , , , 33914 1624 5 1 1 CD 33914 1624 6 figure figure NN 33914 1624 7 in in IN 33914 1624 8 text text NN 33914 1624 9 . . . 33914 1625 1 November November NNP 33914 1625 2 28 28 CD 33914 1625 3 , , , 33914 1625 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1625 5 . . . 33914 1626 1 * * NFP 33914 1626 2 10 10 CD 33914 1626 3 . . . 33914 1627 1 A a DT 33914 1627 2 synopsis synopsis NN 33914 1627 3 of of IN 33914 1627 4 the the DT 33914 1627 5 North North NNP 33914 1627 6 American American NNP 33914 1627 7 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP 33914 1627 8 . . . 33914 1628 1 By by IN 33914 1628 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1628 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1628 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1628 5 . . . 33914 1629 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1629 2 . . . 33914 1630 1 119 119 CD 33914 1630 2 - - SYM 33914 1630 3 202 202 CD 33914 1630 4 , , , 33914 1630 5 68 68 CD 33914 1630 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1630 7 in in IN 33914 1630 8 text text NN 33914 1630 9 . . . 33914 1631 1 December December NNP 33914 1631 2 15 15 CD 33914 1631 3 , , , 33914 1631 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1631 5 . . . 33914 1632 1 11 11 CD 33914 1632 2 . . . 33914 1633 1 A a DT 33914 1633 2 new new JJ 33914 1633 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1633 4 mouse mouse NN 33914 1633 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1633 6 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1633 7 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 33914 1633 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1633 9 from from IN 33914 1633 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1633 11 . . . 33914 1634 1 By by IN 33914 1634 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1634 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 33914 1634 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 33914 1634 5 . . . 33914 1635 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1635 2 . . . 33914 1636 1 203 203 CD 33914 1636 2 - - SYM 33914 1636 3 206 206 CD 33914 1636 4 . . . 33914 1637 1 December December NNP 33914 1637 2 15 15 CD 33914 1637 3 , , , 33914 1637 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1637 5 . . . 33914 1638 1 12 12 CD 33914 1638 2 . . . 33914 1639 1 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1639 2 from from IN 33914 1639 3 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas NNP 33914 1639 4 , , , 33914 1639 5 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1639 6 . . . 33914 1640 1 By by IN 33914 1640 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1640 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1640 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1640 5 . . . 33914 1641 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1641 2 . . . 33914 1642 1 207 207 CD 33914 1642 2 - - SYM 33914 1642 3 218 218 CD 33914 1642 4 . . . 33914 1643 1 December December NNP 33914 1643 2 15 15 CD 33914 1643 3 , , , 33914 1643 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1643 5 . . . 33914 1644 1 13 13 CD 33914 1644 2 . . . 33914 1645 1 A a DT 33914 1645 2 new new JJ 33914 1645 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1645 4 gopher gopher NN 33914 1645 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1645 6 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1645 7 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 33914 1645 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1645 9 from from IN 33914 1645 10 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 33914 1645 11 and and CC 33914 1645 12 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1645 13 . . . 33914 1646 1 By by IN 33914 1646 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1646 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1646 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1646 5 . . . 33914 1647 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1647 2 . . . 33914 1648 1 219 219 CD 33914 1648 2 - - SYM 33914 1648 3 222 222 CD 33914 1648 4 . . . 33914 1649 1 December December NNP 33914 1649 2 15 15 CD 33914 1649 3 , , , 33914 1649 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1649 5 . . . 33914 1650 1 14 14 CD 33914 1650 2 . . . 33914 1651 1 A a DT 33914 1651 2 new new JJ 33914 1651 3 name name NN 33914 1651 4 for for IN 33914 1651 5 the the DT 33914 1651 6 Mexican mexican JJ 33914 1651 7 red red JJ 33914 1651 8 bat bat NN 33914 1651 9 . . . 33914 1652 1 By by IN 33914 1652 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1652 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1652 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1652 5 . . . 33914 1653 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1653 2 . . . 33914 1654 1 223 223 CD 33914 1654 2 - - SYM 33914 1654 3 226 226 CD 33914 1654 4 . . . 33914 1655 1 December December NNP 33914 1655 2 15 15 CD 33914 1655 3 , , , 33914 1655 4 1951 1951 CD 33914 1655 5 . . . 33914 1656 1 15 15 CD 33914 1656 2 . . . 33914 1657 1 Taxonomic taxonomic JJ 33914 1657 2 notes note NNS 33914 1657 3 on on IN 33914 1657 4 Mexican mexican JJ 33914 1657 5 bats bat NNS 33914 1657 6 of of IN 33914 1657 7 the the DT 33914 1657 8 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1657 9 Rhogeëssa Rhogeëssa NNP 33914 1657 10 . . . 33914 1658 1 By by IN 33914 1658 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1658 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1658 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1658 5 . . . 33914 1659 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1659 2 . . . 33914 1660 1 227 227 CD 33914 1660 2 - - SYM 33914 1660 3 232 232 CD 33914 1660 4 . . . 33914 1661 1 April April NNP 33914 1661 2 10 10 CD 33914 1661 3 , , , 33914 1661 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1661 5 . . . 33914 1662 1 16 16 CD 33914 1662 2 . . . 33914 1663 1 Comments comment NNS 33914 1663 2 on on IN 33914 1663 3 the the DT 33914 1663 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1663 5 and and CC 33914 1663 6 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1663 7 distribution distribution NN 33914 1663 8 of of IN 33914 1663 9 some some DT 33914 1663 10 North north JJ 33914 1663 11 American american JJ 33914 1663 12 woodrats woodrat NNS 33914 1663 13 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1663 14 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1663 15 Neotoma Neotoma NNP 33914 1663 16 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1663 17 . . . 33914 1664 1 By by IN 33914 1664 2 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1664 3 R. R. NNP 33914 1664 4 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1664 5 . . . 33914 1665 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1665 2 . . . 33914 1666 1 233 233 CD 33914 1666 2 - - SYM 33914 1666 3 242 242 CD 33914 1666 4 . . . 33914 1667 1 April April NNP 33914 1667 2 10 10 CD 33914 1667 3 , , , 33914 1667 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1667 5 . . . 33914 1668 1 17 17 CD 33914 1668 2 . . . 33914 1669 1 The the DT 33914 1669 2 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1669 3 of of IN 33914 1669 4 the the DT 33914 1669 5 Mexican mexican JJ 33914 1669 6 red red JJ 33914 1669 7 - - HYPH 33914 1669 8 bellied bellied JJ 33914 1669 9 squirrel squirrel NN 33914 1669 10 , , , 33914 1669 11 Sciurus Sciurus NNP 33914 1669 12 aureogaster aureogaster NN 33914 1669 13 . . . 33914 1670 1 By by IN 33914 1670 2 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1670 3 R. R. NNP 33914 1670 4 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1670 5 . . . 33914 1671 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1671 2 . . . 33914 1672 1 243 243 CD 33914 1672 2 - - SYM 33914 1672 3 250 250 CD 33914 1672 4 , , , 33914 1672 5 1 1 CD 33914 1672 6 figure figure NN 33914 1672 7 in in IN 33914 1672 8 text text NN 33914 1672 9 . . . 33914 1673 1 April April NNP 33914 1673 2 10 10 CD 33914 1673 3 , , , 33914 1673 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1673 5 . . . 33914 1674 1 18 18 CD 33914 1674 2 . . . 33914 1675 1 Geographic geographic JJ 33914 1675 2 range range NN 33914 1675 3 of of IN 33914 1675 4 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 33914 1675 5 melanophrys melanophrys NNP 33914 1675 6 , , , 33914 1675 7 with with IN 33914 1675 8 description description NN 33914 1675 9 of of IN 33914 1675 10 new new JJ 33914 1675 11 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1675 12 . . . 33914 1676 1 By by IN 33914 1676 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1676 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1676 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1676 5 . . . 33914 1677 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1677 2 . . . 33914 1678 1 251 251 CD 33914 1678 2 - - HYPH 33914 1678 3 258 258 CD 33914 1678 4 , , , 33914 1678 5 1 1 CD 33914 1678 6 figure figure NN 33914 1678 7 in in IN 33914 1678 8 text text NN 33914 1678 9 . . . 33914 1679 1 May May NNP 33914 1679 2 10 10 CD 33914 1679 3 , , , 33914 1679 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1679 5 . . . 33914 1680 1 19 19 CD 33914 1680 2 . . . 33914 1681 1 A a DT 33914 1681 2 new new JJ 33914 1681 3 chipmunk chipmunk NN 33914 1681 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1681 5 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1681 6 Eutamias Eutamias NNP 33914 1681 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1681 8 from from IN 33914 1681 9 the the DT 33914 1681 10 Black Black NNP 33914 1681 11 Hills Hills NNPS 33914 1681 12 . . . 33914 1682 1 By by IN 33914 1682 2 John John NNP 33914 1682 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1683 1 White white JJ 33914 1683 2 . . . 33914 1684 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1684 2 . . . 33914 1685 1 259 259 CD 33914 1685 2 - - SYM 33914 1685 3 262 262 CD 33914 1685 4 . . . 33914 1686 1 April April NNP 33914 1686 2 10 10 CD 33914 1686 3 , , , 33914 1686 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1686 5 . . . 33914 1687 1 20 20 CD 33914 1687 2 . . . 33914 1688 1 A a DT 33914 1688 2 new new JJ 33914 1688 3 piñon piñon NNP 33914 1688 4 mouse mouse NN 33914 1688 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1688 6 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 33914 1688 7 truei truei NN 33914 1688 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1688 9 from from IN 33914 1688 10 Durango Durango NNP 33914 1688 11 , , , 33914 1688 12 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1688 13 . . . 33914 1689 1 By by IN 33914 1689 2 Robert Robert NNP 33914 1689 3 B. B. NNP 33914 1689 4 Finley Finley NNP 33914 1689 5 , , , 33914 1689 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1689 7 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1689 8 . . . 33914 1690 1 263 263 CD 33914 1690 2 - - SYM 33914 1690 3 267 267 CD 33914 1690 4 . . . 33914 1691 1 May May NNP 33914 1691 2 23 23 CD 33914 1691 3 , , , 33914 1691 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1691 5 . . . 33914 1692 1 21 21 CD 33914 1692 2 . . . 33914 1693 1 An an DT 33914 1693 2 annotated annotate VBN 33914 1693 3 checklist checklist NN 33914 1693 4 of of IN 33914 1693 5 Nebraskan nebraskan JJ 33914 1693 6 bats bat NNS 33914 1693 7 . . . 33914 1694 1 By by IN 33914 1694 2 Olin Olin NNP 33914 1694 3 L. L. NNP 33914 1694 4 Webb Webb NNP 33914 1694 5 and and CC 33914 1694 6 J. J. NNP 33914 1694 7 Knox Knox NNP 33914 1694 8 Jones Jones NNP 33914 1694 9 , , , 33914 1694 10 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1694 11 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1694 12 . . . 33914 1695 1 269 269 CD 33914 1695 2 - - SYM 33914 1695 3 279 279 CD 33914 1695 4 . . . 33914 1696 1 May May NNP 33914 1696 2 31 31 CD 33914 1696 3 , , , 33914 1696 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1696 5 . . . 33914 1697 1 22 22 CD 33914 1697 2 . . . 33914 1698 1 Geographic geographic JJ 33914 1698 2 variation variation NN 33914 1698 3 in in IN 33914 1698 4 red red JJ 33914 1698 5 - - HYPH 33914 1698 6 backed back VBN 33914 1698 7 mice mouse NNS 33914 1698 8 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1698 9 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1698 10 Clethrionomys Clethrionomys NNP 33914 1698 11 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1698 12 of of IN 33914 1698 13 the the DT 33914 1698 14 southern southern JJ 33914 1698 15 Rocky Rocky NNP 33914 1698 16 Mountain Mountain NNP 33914 1698 17 region region NN 33914 1698 18 . . . 33914 1699 1 By by IN 33914 1699 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1699 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 33914 1699 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 33914 1699 5 and and CC 33914 1699 6 Kenneth Kenneth NNP 33914 1699 7 L. L. NNP 33914 1699 8 Fitch Fitch NNP 33914 1699 9 . . . 33914 1700 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1700 2 . . . 33914 1701 1 281 281 CD 33914 1701 2 - - SYM 33914 1701 3 292 292 CD 33914 1701 4 , , , 33914 1701 5 1 1 CD 33914 1701 6 figure figure NN 33914 1701 7 in in IN 33914 1701 8 text text NN 33914 1701 9 . . . 33914 1702 1 November November NNP 33914 1702 2 15 15 CD 33914 1702 3 , , , 33914 1702 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1702 5 . . . 33914 1703 1 23 23 CD 33914 1703 2 . . . 33914 1704 1 Comments comment NNS 33914 1704 2 on on IN 33914 1704 3 the the DT 33914 1704 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1704 5 and and CC 33914 1704 6 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1704 7 distribution distribution NN 33914 1704 8 of of IN 33914 1704 9 North north JJ 33914 1704 10 American american JJ 33914 1704 11 microtines microtine NNS 33914 1704 12 . . . 33914 1705 1 By by IN 33914 1705 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1705 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1705 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1705 5 and and CC 33914 1705 6 E. E. NNP 33914 1705 7 Lendell Lendell NNP 33914 1705 8 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 33914 1705 9 . . . 33914 1706 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1706 2 . . . 33914 1707 1 293 293 CD 33914 1707 2 - - SYM 33914 1707 3 312 312 CD 33914 1707 4 . . . 33914 1708 1 November November NNP 33914 1708 2 17 17 CD 33914 1708 3 , , , 33914 1708 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1708 5 . . . 33914 1709 1 24 24 CD 33914 1709 2 . . . 33914 1710 1 The the DT 33914 1710 2 subspecific subspecific NN 33914 1710 3 status status NN 33914 1710 4 of of IN 33914 1710 5 two two CD 33914 1710 6 Central central JJ 33914 1710 7 American american JJ 33914 1710 8 sloths sloth NNS 33914 1710 9 . . . 33914 1711 1 By by IN 33914 1711 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1711 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1711 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1711 5 and and CC 33914 1711 6 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1711 7 R. R. NNP 33914 1711 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1711 9 . . . 33914 1712 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1712 2 . . . 33914 1713 1 313 313 CD 33914 1713 2 - - SYM 33914 1713 3 317 317 CD 33914 1713 4 . . . 33914 1714 1 November November NNP 33914 1714 2 21 21 CD 33914 1714 3 , , , 33914 1714 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1714 5 . . . 33914 1715 1 25 25 CD 33914 1715 2 . . . 33914 1716 1 Comments comment NNS 33914 1716 2 on on IN 33914 1716 3 the the DT 33914 1716 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1716 5 and and CC 33914 1716 6 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1716 7 distribution distribution NN 33914 1716 8 of of IN 33914 1716 9 some some DT 33914 1716 10 North north JJ 33914 1716 11 American american JJ 33914 1716 12 marsupials marsupial NNS 33914 1716 13 , , , 33914 1716 14 insectivores insectivore NNS 33914 1716 15 , , , 33914 1716 16 and and CC 33914 1716 17 carnivores carnivore NNS 33914 1716 18 . . . 33914 1717 1 By by IN 33914 1717 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1717 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1717 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1717 5 and and CC 33914 1717 6 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1717 7 R. R. NNP 33914 1717 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1717 9 . . . 33914 1718 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1718 2 . . . 33914 1719 1 319 319 CD 33914 1719 2 - - SYM 33914 1719 3 341 341 CD 33914 1719 4 . . . 33914 1720 1 December December NNP 33914 1720 2 5 5 CD 33914 1720 3 , , , 33914 1720 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1720 5 . . . 33914 1721 1 26 26 CD 33914 1721 2 . . . 33914 1722 1 Comments comment NNS 33914 1722 2 on on IN 33914 1722 3 the the DT 33914 1722 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1722 5 and and CC 33914 1722 6 geographic geographic JJ 33914 1722 7 distribution distribution NN 33914 1722 8 of of IN 33914 1722 9 some some DT 33914 1722 10 North north JJ 33914 1722 11 American american JJ 33914 1722 12 rodents rodent NNS 33914 1722 13 . . . 33914 1723 1 By by IN 33914 1723 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1723 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1723 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1723 5 and and CC 33914 1723 6 Keith Keith NNP 33914 1723 7 R. R. NNP 33914 1723 8 Kelson Kelson NNP 33914 1723 9 . . . 33914 1724 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1724 2 . . . 33914 1725 1 343 343 CD 33914 1725 2 - - SYM 33914 1725 3 371 371 CD 33914 1725 4 . . . 33914 1726 1 December December NNP 33914 1726 2 15 15 CD 33914 1726 3 , , , 33914 1726 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1726 5 . . . 33914 1727 1 27 27 CD 33914 1727 2 . . . 33914 1728 1 A a DT 33914 1728 2 synopsis synopsis NN 33914 1728 3 or or CC 33914 1728 4 the the DT 33914 1728 5 North north JJ 33914 1728 6 American american JJ 33914 1728 7 microtine microtine NN 33914 1728 8 rodents rodent NNS 33914 1728 9 . . . 33914 1729 1 By by IN 33914 1729 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1729 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1729 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1729 5 and and CC 33914 1729 6 E. E. NNP 33914 1729 7 Lendell Lendell NNP 33914 1729 8 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 33914 1729 9 . . . 33914 1730 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1730 2 . . . 33914 1731 1 373 373 CD 33914 1731 2 - - SYM 33914 1731 3 498 498 CD 33914 1731 4 , , , 33914 1731 5 149 149 CD 33914 1731 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1731 7 in in IN 33914 1731 8 text text NN 33914 1731 9 . . . 33914 1732 1 January January NNP 33914 1732 2 13 13 CD 33914 1732 3 , , , 33914 1732 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1732 5 . . . 33914 1733 1 28 28 CD 33914 1733 2 . . . 33914 1734 1 The the DT 33914 1734 2 pocket pocket NN 33914 1734 3 gophers gopher NNS 33914 1734 4 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1734 5 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1734 6 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 33914 1734 7 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1734 8 of of IN 33914 1734 9 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 33914 1734 10 , , , 33914 1734 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1734 12 . . . 33914 1735 1 By by IN 33914 1735 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1735 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1735 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1735 5 . . . 33914 1736 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1736 2 . . . 33914 1737 1 499 499 CD 33914 1737 2 - - SYM 33914 1737 3 514 514 CD 33914 1737 4 , , , 33914 1737 5 1 1 CD 33914 1737 6 figure figure NN 33914 1737 7 in in IN 33914 1737 8 text text NN 33914 1737 9 . . . 33914 1738 1 June June NNP 33914 1738 2 1 1 CD 33914 1738 3 , , , 33914 1738 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1738 5 . . . 33914 1739 1 29 29 CD 33914 1739 2 . . . 33914 1740 1 Geographic geographic JJ 33914 1740 2 distribution distribution NN 33914 1740 3 of of IN 33914 1740 4 the the DT 33914 1740 5 pocket pocket NN 33914 1740 6 mouse mouse NN 33914 1740 7 , , , 33914 1740 8 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 33914 1740 9 fasciatus fasciatus NN 33914 1740 10 . . . 33914 1741 1 By by IN 33914 1741 2 J. J. NNP 33914 1741 3 Knox Knox NNP 33914 1741 4 Jones Jones NNP 33914 1741 5 , , , 33914 1741 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1741 7 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1741 8 . . . 33914 1742 1 515 515 CD 33914 1742 2 - - SYM 33914 1742 3 526 526 CD 33914 1742 4 , , , 33914 1742 5 7 7 CD 33914 1742 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1742 7 in in IN 33914 1742 8 text text NN 33914 1742 9 . . . 33914 1743 1 August August NNP 33914 1743 2 1 1 CD 33914 1743 3 , , , 33914 1743 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1743 5 . . . 33914 1744 1 30 30 CD 33914 1744 2 . . . 33914 1745 1 A a DT 33914 1745 2 new new JJ 33914 1745 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1745 4 of of IN 33914 1745 5 wood wood NN 33914 1745 6 rat rat NN 33914 1745 7 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1745 8 Neotoma Neotoma NNP 33914 1745 9 mexicana mexicana NNP 33914 1745 10 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1745 11 from from IN 33914 1745 12 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1745 13 . . . 33914 1746 1 By by IN 33914 1746 2 Robert Robert NNP 33914 1746 3 B. B. NNP 33914 1746 4 Finley Finley NNP 33914 1746 5 , , , 33914 1746 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 33914 1746 7 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1746 8 . . . 33914 1747 1 527 527 CD 33914 1747 2 - - SYM 33914 1747 3 534 534 CD 33914 1747 4 , , , 33914 1747 5 2 2 CD 33914 1747 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1747 7 in in IN 33914 1747 8 text text NN 33914 1747 9 . . . 33914 1748 1 August August NNP 33914 1748 2 15 15 CD 33914 1748 3 , , , 33914 1748 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1748 5 . . . 33914 1749 1 31 31 CD 33914 1749 2 . . . 33914 1750 1 Four four CD 33914 1750 2 new new JJ 33914 1750 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1750 4 gophers gopher NNS 33914 1750 5 of of IN 33914 1750 6 the the DT 33914 1750 7 genus genus JJ 33914 1750 8 Cratogeomys Cratogeomys NNP 33914 1750 9 from from IN 33914 1750 10 Jalisco Jalisco NNP 33914 1750 11 , , , 33914 1750 12 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1750 13 . . . 33914 1751 1 By by IN 33914 1751 2 Robert Robert NNP 33914 1751 3 J. J. NNP 33914 1751 4 Russell Russell NNP 33914 1751 5 . . . 33914 1752 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1752 2 . . . 33914 1753 1 535 535 CD 33914 1753 2 - - SYM 33914 1753 3 542 542 CD 33914 1753 4 . . . 33914 1754 1 October October NNP 33914 1754 2 15 15 CD 33914 1754 3 , , , 33914 1754 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1754 5 . . . 33914 1755 1 32 32 CD 33914 1755 2 . . . 33914 1756 1 Genera Genera NNP 33914 1756 2 and and CC 33914 1756 3 subgenera subgenera NN 33914 1756 4 of of IN 33914 1756 5 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 33914 1756 6 . . . 33914 1757 1 By by IN 33914 1757 2 John John NNP 33914 1757 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1758 1 White white JJ 33914 1758 2 . . . 33914 1759 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1759 2 . . . 33914 1760 1 543 543 CD 33914 1760 2 - - SYM 33914 1760 3 561 561 CD 33914 1760 4 , , , 33914 1760 5 12 12 CD 33914 1760 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1760 7 in in IN 33914 1760 8 text text NN 33914 1760 9 . . . 33914 1761 1 December December NNP 33914 1761 2 1 1 CD 33914 1761 3 , , , 33914 1761 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1761 5 . . . 33914 1762 1 33 33 CD 33914 1762 2 . . . 33914 1763 1 Taxonomy Taxonomy NNP 33914 1763 2 of of IN 33914 1763 3 the the DT 33914 1763 4 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 33914 1763 5 , , , 33914 1763 6 Eutamias Eutamias NNP 33914 1763 7 quadrivittatus quadrivittatus NN 33914 1763 8 and and CC 33914 1763 9 Eutamias Eutamias NNP 33914 1763 10 umbrinus umbrinus NN 33914 1763 11 . . . 33914 1764 1 By by IN 33914 1764 2 John John NNP 33914 1764 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1765 1 White white JJ 33914 1765 2 . . . 33914 1766 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1766 2 . . . 33914 1767 1 563 563 CD 33914 1767 2 - - HYPH 33914 1767 3 582 582 CD 33914 1767 4 , , , 33914 1767 5 6 6 CD 33914 1767 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1767 7 in in IN 33914 1767 8 text text NN 33914 1767 9 . . . 33914 1768 1 December December NNP 33914 1768 2 1 1 CD 33914 1768 3 , , , 33914 1768 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1768 5 . . . 33914 1769 1 34 34 CD 33914 1769 2 . . . 33914 1770 1 Geographic geographic JJ 33914 1770 2 distribution distribution NN 33914 1770 3 and and CC 33914 1770 4 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1770 5 of of IN 33914 1770 6 the the DT 33914 1770 7 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 33914 1770 8 of of IN 33914 1770 9 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 33914 1770 10 . . . 33914 1771 1 By by IN 33914 1771 2 John John NNP 33914 1771 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1772 1 White white JJ 33914 1772 2 . . . 33914 1773 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1773 2 . . . 33914 1774 1 584 584 CD 33914 1774 2 - - SYM 33914 1774 3 610 610 CD 33914 1774 4 , , , 33914 1774 5 3 3 CD 33914 1774 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1774 7 in in IN 33914 1774 8 text text NN 33914 1774 9 . . . 33914 1775 1 December December NNP 33914 1775 2 1 1 CD 33914 1775 3 , , , 33914 1775 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1775 5 . . . 33914 1776 1 35 35 CD 33914 1776 2 . . . 33914 1777 1 The the DT 33914 1777 2 baculum baculum NN 33914 1777 3 of of IN 33914 1777 4 the the DT 33914 1777 5 chipmunks chipmunk NNS 33914 1777 6 of of IN 33914 1777 7 western western JJ 33914 1777 8 North North NNP 33914 1777 9 America America NNP 33914 1777 10 . . . 33914 1778 1 By by IN 33914 1778 2 John John NNP 33914 1778 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1779 1 White white JJ 33914 1779 2 . . . 33914 1780 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1780 2 . . . 33914 1781 1 611 611 CD 33914 1781 2 - - SYM 33914 1781 3 631 631 CD 33914 1781 4 , , , 33914 1781 5 19 19 CD 33914 1781 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1781 7 in in IN 33914 1781 8 text text NN 33914 1781 9 . . . 33914 1782 1 December December NNP 33914 1782 2 1 1 CD 33914 1782 3 , , , 33914 1782 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1782 5 . . . 33914 1783 1 36 36 CD 33914 1783 2 . . . 33914 1784 1 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 33914 1784 2 Soricidae Soricidae NNP 33914 1784 3 from from IN 33914 1784 4 San San NNP 33914 1784 5 Josecito Josecito NNP 33914 1784 6 Cave Cave NNP 33914 1784 7 , , , 33914 1784 8 Nuevo Nuevo NNP 33914 1784 9 Leon Leon NNP 33914 1784 10 , , , 33914 1784 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1784 12 . . . 33914 1785 1 By by IN 33914 1785 2 James James NNP 33914 1785 3 S. S. NNP 33914 1785 4 Findley Findley NNP 33914 1785 5 . . . 33914 1786 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1786 2 . . . 33914 1787 1 633 633 CD 33914 1787 2 - - SYM 33914 1787 3 639 639 CD 33914 1787 4 . . . 33914 1788 1 December December NNP 33914 1788 2 1 1 CD 33914 1788 3 , , , 33914 1788 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1788 5 . . . 33914 1789 1 37 37 CD 33914 1789 2 . . . 33914 1790 1 Seventeen seventeen CD 33914 1790 2 species specie NNS 33914 1790 3 of of IN 33914 1790 4 bats bat NNS 33914 1790 5 recorded record VBN 33914 1790 6 from from IN 33914 1790 7 Barro Barro NNP 33914 1790 8 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1790 9 Island Island NNP 33914 1790 10 , , , 33914 1790 11 Panama Panama NNP 33914 1790 12 Canal Canal NNP 33914 1790 13 Zone Zone NNP 33914 1790 14 . . . 33914 1791 1 By by IN 33914 1791 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1791 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 33914 1791 4 Hall Hall NNP 33914 1791 5 and and CC 33914 1791 6 William William NNP 33914 1791 7 B. B. NNP 33914 1791 8 Jackson Jackson NNP 33914 1791 9 . . . 33914 1792 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1792 2 . . . 33914 1793 1 641 641 CD 33914 1793 2 - - SYM 33914 1793 3 646 646 CD 33914 1793 4 . . . 33914 1794 1 December December NNP 33914 1794 2 1 1 CD 33914 1794 3 , , , 33914 1794 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1794 5 . . . 33914 1795 1 Index index NN 33914 1795 2 . . . 33914 1796 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1796 2 . . . 33914 1797 1 647 647 CD 33914 1797 2 - - SYM 33914 1797 3 676 676 CD 33914 1797 4 . . . 33914 1798 1 * * NFP 33914 1798 2 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1798 3 . . . 33914 1799 1 6 6 CD 33914 1799 2 . . . 33914 1800 1 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1800 2 Complete complete JJ 33914 1800 3 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1800 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS 33914 1800 5 of of IN 33914 1800 6 Utah Utah NNP 33914 1800 7 , , , 33914 1800 8 _ _ NNP 33914 1800 9 taxonomy taxonomy NN 33914 1800 10 and and CC 33914 1800 11 distribution distribution NN 33914 1800 12 _ _ NNP 33914 1800 13 . . . 33914 1801 1 By by IN 33914 1801 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 33914 1801 3 D. D. NNP 33914 1801 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 33914 1801 5 . . . 33914 1802 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1802 2 . . . 33914 1803 1 1 1 LS 33914 1803 2 - - SYM 33914 1803 3 549 549 CD 33914 1803 4 , , , 33914 1803 5 91 91 CD 33914 1803 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1803 7 in in IN 33914 1803 8 text text NN 33914 1803 9 , , , 33914 1803 10 30 30 CD 33914 1803 11 tables table NNS 33914 1803 12 . . . 33914 1804 1 August August NNP 33914 1804 2 10 10 CD 33914 1804 3 , , , 33914 1804 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1804 5 . . . 33914 1805 1 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1805 2 . . . 33914 1806 1 7 7 LS 33914 1806 2 . . . 33914 1807 1 * * NFP 33914 1807 2 1 1 CD 33914 1807 3 . . . 33914 1808 1 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1808 2 of of IN 33914 1808 3 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1808 4 . . . 33914 1809 1 By by IN 33914 1809 2 E. E. NNP 33914 1809 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 33914 1809 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 33914 1809 5 . . . 33914 1810 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1810 2 . . . 33914 1811 1 1 1 CD 33914 1811 2 - - SYM 33914 1811 3 303 303 CD 33914 1811 4 , , , 33914 1811 5 73 73 CD 33914 1811 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1811 7 in in IN 33914 1811 8 text text NN 33914 1811 9 , , , 33914 1811 10 37 37 CD 33914 1811 11 tables table NNS 33914 1811 12 . . . 33914 1812 1 August August NNP 33914 1812 2 25 25 CD 33914 1812 3 , , , 33914 1812 4 1952 1952 CD 33914 1812 5 . . . 33914 1813 1 2 2 LS 33914 1813 2 . . . 33914 1814 1 Ecology ecology NN 33914 1814 2 of of IN 33914 1814 3 the the DT 33914 1814 4 opossum opossum NN 33914 1814 5 on on IN 33914 1814 6 a a DT 33914 1814 7 natural natural JJ 33914 1814 8 area area NN 33914 1814 9 in in IN 33914 1814 10 northeastern northeastern JJ 33914 1814 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 33914 1814 12 . . . 33914 1815 1 By by IN 33914 1815 2 Henry Henry NNP 33914 1815 3 S. S. NNP 33914 1815 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 33914 1815 5 and and CC 33914 1815 6 Lewis Lewis NNP 33914 1815 7 L. L. NNP 33914 1815 8 Sandidge Sandidge NNP 33914 1815 9 . . . 33914 1816 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1816 2 . . . 33914 1817 1 305 305 CD 33914 1817 2 - - SYM 33914 1817 3 338 338 CD 33914 1817 4 , , , 33914 1817 5 5 5 CD 33914 1817 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1817 7 in in IN 33914 1817 8 text text NN 33914 1817 9 . . . 33914 1818 1 August August NNP 33914 1818 2 24 24 CD 33914 1818 3 , , , 33914 1818 4 1953 1953 CD 33914 1818 5 . . . 33914 1819 1 3 3 LS 33914 1819 2 . . . 33914 1820 1 The the DT 33914 1820 2 silky silky JJ 33914 1820 3 pocket pocket NN 33914 1820 4 mice mouse NNS 33914 1820 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1820 6 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 33914 1820 7 flavus flavu NNS 33914 1820 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1820 9 of of IN 33914 1820 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 33914 1820 11 . . . 33914 1821 1 By by IN 33914 1821 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1821 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1821 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1821 5 . . . 33914 1822 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1822 2 . . . 33914 1823 1 339 339 CD 33914 1823 2 - - SYM 33914 1823 3 347 347 CD 33914 1823 4 , , , 33914 1823 5 1 1 CD 33914 1823 6 figure figure NN 33914 1823 7 in in IN 33914 1823 8 text text NN 33914 1823 9 . . . 33914 1824 1 February February NNP 33914 1824 2 15 15 CD 33914 1824 3 , , , 33914 1824 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1824 5 . . . 33914 1825 1 4 4 LS 33914 1825 2 . . . 33914 1826 1 North north JJ 33914 1826 2 American american JJ 33914 1826 3 jumping jumping NN 33914 1826 4 mice mouse NNS 33914 1826 5 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1826 6 Genus Genus NNP 33914 1826 7 Zapus Zapus NNP 33914 1826 8 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1826 9 . . . 33914 1827 1 By by IN 33914 1827 2 Philip Philip NNP 33914 1827 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1827 4 Krutzsch Krutzsch NNP 33914 1827 5 . . . 33914 1828 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1828 2 . . . 33914 1829 1 349 349 CD 33914 1829 2 - - SYM 33914 1829 3 472 472 CD 33914 1829 4 , , , 33914 1829 5 47 47 CD 33914 1829 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1829 7 in in IN 33914 1829 8 text text NN 33914 1829 9 , , , 33914 1829 10 4 4 CD 33914 1829 11 tables table NNS 33914 1829 12 . . . 33914 1830 1 April April NNP 33914 1830 2 21 21 CD 33914 1830 3 , , , 33914 1830 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1830 5 . . . 33914 1831 1 5 5 CD 33914 1831 2 . . . 33914 1832 1 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1832 2 from from IN 33914 1832 3 Southeastern Southeastern NNP 33914 1832 4 Alaska Alaska NNP 33914 1832 5 . . . 33914 1833 1 By by IN 33914 1833 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 33914 1833 3 H. H. NNP 33914 1833 4 Baker Baker NNP 33914 1833 5 and and CC 33914 1833 6 James James NNP 33914 1833 7 S. S. NNP 33914 1833 8 Findley Findley NNP 33914 1833 9 . . . 33914 1834 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1834 2 . . . 33914 1835 1 473 473 CD 33914 1835 2 - - SYM 33914 1835 3 477 477 CD 33914 1835 4 . . . 33914 1836 1 April April NNP 33914 1836 2 21 21 CD 33914 1836 3 , , , 33914 1836 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1836 5 . . . 33914 1837 1 6 6 CD 33914 1837 2 . . . 33914 1838 1 Distribution distribution NN 33914 1838 2 of of IN 33914 1838 3 Some some DT 33914 1838 4 Nebraskan nebraskan JJ 33914 1838 5 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1838 6 . . . 33914 1839 1 By by IN 33914 1839 2 J. J. NNP 33914 1839 3 Knox Knox NNP 33914 1839 4 Jones Jones NNP 33914 1839 5 . . . 33914 1840 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1840 2 . . . 33914 1841 1 479 479 CD 33914 1841 2 - - SYM 33914 1841 3 487 487 CD 33914 1841 4 . . . 33914 1842 1 April April NNP 33914 1842 2 21 21 CD 33914 1842 3 , , , 33914 1842 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1842 5 . . . 33914 1843 1 7 7 LS 33914 1843 2 . . . 33914 1844 1 Subspeciation subspeciation NN 33914 1844 2 in in IN 33914 1844 3 the the DT 33914 1844 4 montane montane NNP 33914 1844 5 meadow meadow NNP 33914 1844 6 mouse mouse NNP 33914 1844 7 , , , 33914 1844 8 Microtus Microtus NNP 33914 1844 9 montanus montanus NN 33914 1844 10 , , , 33914 1844 11 in in IN 33914 1844 12 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 33914 1844 13 and and CC 33914 1844 14 Colorado Colorado NNP 33914 1844 15 . . . 33914 1845 1 By by IN 33914 1845 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 33914 1845 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 33914 1845 4 . . . 33914 1846 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1846 2 . . . 33914 1847 1 489 489 CD 33914 1847 2 - - SYM 33914 1847 3 506 506 CD 33914 1847 4 , , , 33914 1847 5 2 2 CD 33914 1847 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1847 7 in in IN 33914 1847 8 text text NN 33914 1847 9 . . . 33914 1848 1 July July NNP 33914 1848 2 23 23 CD 33914 1848 3 , , , 33914 1848 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1848 5 . . . 33914 1849 1 8 8 LS 33914 1849 2 . . . 33914 1850 1 A a DT 33914 1850 2 new new JJ 33914 1850 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 33914 1850 4 of of IN 33914 1850 5 bat bat NN 33914 1850 6 ( ( -LRB- 33914 1850 7 Myotis Myotis NNP 33914 1850 8 velifer velifer VBP 33914 1850 9 ) ) -RRB- 33914 1850 10 from from IN 33914 1850 11 Southeastern Southeastern NNP 33914 1850 12 California California NNP 33914 1850 13 and and CC 33914 1850 14 Arizona Arizona NNP 33914 1850 15 . . . 33914 1851 1 By by IN 33914 1851 2 Terry Terry NNP 33914 1851 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1851 4 Vaughn Vaughn NNP 33914 1851 5 . . . 33914 1852 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1852 2 . . . 33914 1853 1 507 507 CD 33914 1853 2 - - SYM 33914 1853 3 512 512 CD 33914 1853 4 . . . 33914 1854 1 July July NNP 33914 1854 2 23 23 CD 33914 1854 3 , , , 33914 1854 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1854 5 . . . 33914 1855 1 9 9 CD 33914 1855 2 . . . 33914 1856 1 Mammals mammal NNS 33914 1856 2 of of IN 33914 1856 3 the the DT 33914 1856 4 San San NNP 33914 1856 5 Gabriel Gabriel NNP 33914 1856 6 Mountains Mountains NNPS 33914 1856 7 of of IN 33914 1856 8 California California NNP 33914 1856 9 . . . 33914 1857 1 By by IN 33914 1857 2 Terry Terry NNP 33914 1857 3 A. A. NNP 33914 1857 4 Vaughn Vaughn NNP 33914 1857 5 . . . 33914 1858 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1858 2 . . . 33914 1859 1 513 513 CD 33914 1859 2 - - SYM 33914 1859 3 582 582 CD 33914 1859 4 , , , 33914 1859 5 1 1 CD 33914 1859 6 figure figure NN 33914 1859 7 in in IN 33914 1859 8 text text NN 33914 1859 9 , , , 33914 1859 10 12 12 CD 33914 1859 11 tables table NNS 33914 1859 12 . . . 33914 1860 1 November November NNP 33914 1860 2 15 15 CD 33914 1860 3 , , , 33914 1860 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1860 5 . . . 33914 1861 1 More More JJR 33914 1861 2 numbers number NNS 33914 1861 3 will will MD 33914 1861 4 appear appear VB 33914 1861 5 in in IN 33914 1861 6 volume volume NN 33914 1861 7 7 7 CD 33914 1861 8 . . . 33914 1862 1 Vol Vol NNP 33914 1862 2 . . . 33914 1863 1 8 8 LS 33914 1863 2 . . . 33914 1864 1 1 1 LS 33914 1864 2 . . . 33914 1865 1 Life life NN 33914 1865 2 History history NN 33914 1865 3 and and CC 33914 1865 4 Ecology Ecology NNP 33914 1865 5 of of IN 33914 1865 6 the the DT 33914 1865 7 Five five CD 33914 1865 8 - - HYPH 33914 1865 9 Lined line VBN 33914 1865 10 Skink skink NN 33914 1865 11 , , , 33914 1865 12 Eumeces Eumeces NNPS 33914 1865 13 fasciatus fasciatus VBP 33914 1865 14 . . . 33914 1866 1 By by IN 33914 1866 2 Henry Henry NNP 33914 1866 3 S. S. NNP 33914 1866 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 33914 1866 5 . . . 33914 1867 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1867 2 . . . 33914 1868 1 1 1 CD 33914 1868 2 - - SYM 33914 1868 3 156 156 CD 33914 1868 4 , , , 33914 1868 5 26 26 CD 33914 1868 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1868 7 in in IN 33914 1868 8 text text NN 33914 1868 9 . . . 33914 1869 1 September September NNP 33914 1869 2 1 1 CD 33914 1869 3 , , , 33914 1869 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1869 5 . . . 33914 1870 1 2 2 LS 33914 1870 2 . . . 33914 1871 1 Myology Myology NNP 33914 1871 2 and and CC 33914 1871 3 Serology Serology NNP 33914 1871 4 of of IN 33914 1871 5 the the DT 33914 1871 6 Avian Avian NNP 33914 1871 7 Family Family NNP 33914 1871 8 Fringillidae Fringillidae NNP 33914 1871 9 , , , 33914 1871 10 a a DT 33914 1871 11 Taxonomic Taxonomic NNP 33914 1871 12 Study Study NNP 33914 1871 13 . . . 33914 1872 1 By by IN 33914 1872 2 William William NNP 33914 1872 3 B. B. NNP 33914 1872 4 Stallcup Stallcup NNP 33914 1872 5 . . . 33914 1873 1 Pp Pp NNP 33914 1873 2 . . . 33914 1874 1 157 157 CD 33914 1874 2 - - SYM 33914 1874 3 211 211 CD 33914 1874 4 , , , 33914 1874 5 23 23 CD 33914 1874 6 figures figure NNS 33914 1874 7 in in IN 33914 1874 8 text text NN 33914 1874 9 , , , 33914 1874 10 4 4 CD 33914 1874 11 tables table NNS 33914 1874 12 . . . 33914 1875 1 November November NNP 33914 1875 2 15 15 CD 33914 1875 3 , , , 33914 1875 4 1954 1954 CD 33914 1875 5 . . . 33914 1876 1 More More JJR 33914 1876 2 numbers number NNS 33914 1876 3 will will MD 33914 1876 4 appear appear VB 33914 1876 5 in in IN 33914 1876 6 volume volume NN 33914 1876 7 8 8 CD 33914 1876 8 . . . 33914 1877 1 * * NFP 33914 1877 2 * * NFP 33914 1877 3 * * NFP 33914 1877 4 * * NFP 33914 1877 5 * * NFP 33914 1877 6 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 33914 1877 7 's 's POS 33914 1877 8 Notes note NNS 33914 1877 9 The the DT 33914 1877 10 text text NN 33914 1877 11 presented present VBN 33914 1877 12 is be VBZ 33914 1877 13 essentially essentially RB 33914 1877 14 that that IN 33914 1877 15 in in IN 33914 1877 16 the the DT 33914 1877 17 original original JJ 33914 1877 18 printed print VBN 33914 1877 19 document document NN 33914 1877 20 with with IN 33914 1877 21 the the DT 33914 1877 22 exception exception NN 33914 1877 23 of of IN 33914 1877 24 some some DT 33914 1877 25 minor minor JJ 33914 1877 26 punctuation punctuation NN 33914 1877 27 changes change NNS 33914 1877 28 and and CC 33914 1877 29 the the DT 33914 1877 30 typographical typographical JJ 33914 1877 31 correction correction NN 33914 1877 32 detailed detail VBN 33914 1877 33 below below RB 33914 1877 34 . . . 33914 1878 1 Some some DT 33914 1878 2 of of IN 33914 1878 3 the the DT 33914 1878 4 tables table NNS 33914 1878 5 split split VBN 33914 1878 6 between between IN 33914 1878 7 paragraphs paragraph NNS 33914 1878 8 in in IN 33914 1878 9 the the DT 33914 1878 10 original original JJ 33914 1878 11 and and CC 33914 1878 12 they -PRON- PRP 33914 1878 13 were be VBD 33914 1878 14 moved move VBN 33914 1878 15 and and CC 33914 1878 16 the the DT 33914 1878 17 paragraphs paragraph NNS 33914 1878 18 restored restore VBD 33914 1878 19 into into IN 33914 1878 20 one one CD 33914 1878 21 . . . 33914 1879 1 The the DT 33914 1879 2 captions caption NNS 33914 1879 3 for for IN 33914 1879 4 Figures Figures NNP 33914 1879 5 10 10 CD 33914 1879 6 - - SYM 33914 1879 7 13 13 CD 33914 1879 8 and and CC 33914 1879 9 14 14 CD 33914 1879 10 - - SYM 33914 1879 11 17 17 CD 33914 1879 12 were be VBD 33914 1879 13 reformatted reformatte VBN 33914 1879 14 to to TO 33914 1879 15 enhance enhance VB 33914 1879 16 readability readability NN 33914 1879 17 . . . 33914 1880 1 Empasis Empasis NNP 33914 1880 2 Notation Notation NNP 33914 1880 3 _ _ NNP 33914 1880 4 Text Text NNP 33914 1880 5 _ _ NNP 33914 1880 6 - - HYPH 33914 1880 7 Italics Italics NNP 33914 1880 8 + + CC 33914 1880 9 Text+ text+ NN 33914 1880 10 - - HYPH 33914 1880 11 Bold Bold NNP 33914 1880 12 Typographical Typographical NNP 33914 1880 13 Corrections Corrections NNPS 33914 1880 14 Page Page NNP 33914 1880 15 187 187 CD 33914 1880 16 , , , 33914 1880 17 Table table NN 33914 1880 18 1 1 CD 33914 1880 19 Item item NN 33914 1880 20 5 5 CD 33914 1880 21 : : : 33914 1880 22 Intavenous intavenous JJ 33914 1880 23 = = NFP 33914 1880 24 > > XX 33914 1880 25 Intravenous intravenous JJ 33914 1880 26 * * NFP 33914 1880 27 * * NFP 33914 1880 28 * * NFP 33914 1880 29 * * NFP 33914 1880 30 * * NFP