id sid tid token lemma pos 40119 1 1 generously generously RB 40119 1 2 made make VBN 40119 1 3 available available JJ 40119 1 4 by by IN 40119 1 5 The the DT 40119 1 6 Internet Internet NNP 40119 1 7 Archive Archive NNP 40119 1 8 . . . 40119 1 9 ) ) -RRB- 40119 2 1 CURIOSITIES curiosity NNS 40119 2 2 OF of IN 40119 2 3 LIGHT LIGHT NNP 40119 2 4 AND and CC 40119 2 5 SIGHT SIGHT NNP 40119 2 6 . . . 40119 3 1 CURIOSITIES curiosity NNS 40119 3 2 OF of IN 40119 3 3 LIGHT LIGHT NNP 40119 3 4 AND and CC 40119 3 5 SIGHT SIGHT NNP 40119 3 6 BY by IN 40119 3 7 SHELFORD SHELFORD NNP 40119 3 8 BIDWELL BIDWELL NNP 40119 3 9 , , , 40119 3 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 40119 3 11 , , , 40119 3 12 LL.B. LL.B. NNP 40119 3 13 , , , 40119 3 14 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 40119 4 1 _ _ NNP 40119 4 2 WITH with IN 40119 4 3 FIFTY FIFTY NNP 40119 4 4 ILLUSTRATIONS illustration VBD 40119 4 5 _ _ NNP 40119 4 6 LONDON LONDON NNP 40119 4 7 : : : 40119 4 8 SWAN SWAN NNP 40119 4 9 SONNENSCHEIN SONNENSCHEIN NNP 40119 4 10 & & CC 40119 4 11 CO CO NNP 40119 4 12 . . NNP 40119 4 13 , , , 40119 4 14 LIMITED LIMITED NNP 40119 4 15 PATERNOSTER PATERNOSTER NNP 40119 4 16 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 40119 4 17 1899 1899 CD 40119 4 18 PREFACE PREFACE NNP 40119 4 19 . . . 40119 5 1 The the DT 40119 5 2 following follow VBG 40119 5 3 chapters chapter NNS 40119 5 4 are be VBP 40119 5 5 based base VBN 40119 5 6 upon upon IN 40119 5 7 notes note NNS 40119 5 8 of of IN 40119 5 9 several several JJ 40119 5 10 unconnected unconnected JJ 40119 5 11 lectures lecture NNS 40119 5 12 addressed address VBN 40119 5 13 to to IN 40119 5 14 audiences audience NNS 40119 5 15 of of IN 40119 5 16 very very RB 40119 5 17 different different JJ 40119 5 18 classes class NNS 40119 5 19 in in IN 40119 5 20 the the DT 40119 5 21 theatres theatre NNS 40119 5 22 of of IN 40119 5 23 the the DT 40119 5 24 Royal Royal NNP 40119 5 25 Institution Institution NNP 40119 5 26 , , , 40119 5 27 the the DT 40119 5 28 London London NNP 40119 5 29 Institution Institution NNP 40119 5 30 , , , 40119 5 31 the the DT 40119 5 32 Leeds Leeds NNP 40119 5 33 Philosophical Philosophical NNP 40119 5 34 and and CC 40119 5 35 Literary Literary NNP 40119 5 36 Society Society NNP 40119 5 37 , , , 40119 5 38 and and CC 40119 5 39 Caius Caius NNP 40119 5 40 House House NNP 40119 5 41 , , , 40119 5 42 Battersea Battersea NNP 40119 5 43 . . . 40119 6 1 In in IN 40119 6 2 preparing prepare VBG 40119 6 3 the the DT 40119 6 4 notes note NNS 40119 6 5 for for IN 40119 6 6 publication publication NN 40119 6 7 the the DT 40119 6 8 matter matter NN 40119 6 9 has have VBZ 40119 6 10 been be VBN 40119 6 11 re re VBN 40119 6 12 - - VBN 40119 6 13 arranged arrange VBN 40119 6 14 with with IN 40119 6 15 the the DT 40119 6 16 object object NN 40119 6 17 of of IN 40119 6 18 presenting present VBG 40119 6 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 6 20 , , , 40119 6 21 as as RB 40119 6 22 far far RB 40119 6 23 as as IN 40119 6 24 might may MD 40119 6 25 be be VB 40119 6 26 , , , 40119 6 27 in in IN 40119 6 28 methodical methodical JJ 40119 6 29 order order NN 40119 6 30 ; ; : 40119 6 31 additions addition NNS 40119 6 32 and and CC 40119 6 33 omissions omission NNS 40119 6 34 have have VBP 40119 6 35 been be VBN 40119 6 36 freely freely RB 40119 6 37 made make VBN 40119 6 38 , , , 40119 6 39 and and CC 40119 6 40 numerous numerous JJ 40119 6 41 diagrams diagram NNS 40119 6 42 , , , 40119 6 43 illustrative illustrative JJ 40119 6 44 of of IN 40119 6 45 the the DT 40119 6 46 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 6 47 and and CC 40119 6 48 experiments experiment NNS 40119 6 49 described describe VBN 40119 6 50 , , , 40119 6 51 have have VBP 40119 6 52 been be VBN 40119 6 53 provided provide VBN 40119 6 54 . . . 40119 7 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 7 2 do do VBP 40119 7 3 not not RB 40119 7 4 know know VB 40119 7 5 that that IN 40119 7 6 any any DT 40119 7 7 apology apology NN 40119 7 8 is be VBZ 40119 7 9 needed need VBN 40119 7 10 for for IN 40119 7 11 offering offer VBG 40119 7 12 the the DT 40119 7 13 collection collection NN 40119 7 14 as as IN 40119 7 15 thus thus RB 40119 7 16 re re NN 40119 7 17 - - VBN 40119 7 18 modelled model VBN 40119 7 19 to to IN 40119 7 20 a a DT 40119 7 21 larger large JJR 40119 7 22 public public NN 40119 7 23 . . . 40119 8 1 Though though IN 40119 8 2 the the DT 40119 8 3 essays essay NNS 40119 8 4 are be VBP 40119 8 5 , , , 40119 8 6 for for IN 40119 8 7 the the DT 40119 8 8 most most JJS 40119 8 9 part part NN 40119 8 10 , , , 40119 8 11 of of IN 40119 8 12 a a DT 40119 8 13 popular popular JJ 40119 8 14 and and CC 40119 8 15 informal informal JJ 40119 8 16 character character NN 40119 8 17 , , , 40119 8 18 they -PRON- PRP 40119 8 19 touch touch VBP 40119 8 20 upon upon IN 40119 8 21 a a DT 40119 8 22 number number NN 40119 8 23 of of IN 40119 8 24 curious curious JJ 40119 8 25 matters matter NNS 40119 8 26 of of IN 40119 8 27 which which WDT 40119 8 28 no no DT 40119 8 29 readily readily RB 40119 8 30 accessible accessible JJ 40119 8 31 account account NN 40119 8 32 has have VBZ 40119 8 33 yet yet RB 40119 8 34 appeared appear VBN 40119 8 35 , , , 40119 8 36 while while IN 40119 8 37 , , , 40119 8 38 even even RB 40119 8 39 in in IN 40119 8 40 the the DT 40119 8 41 most most RBS 40119 8 42 elementary elementary JJ 40119 8 43 parts part NNS 40119 8 44 , , , 40119 8 45 an an DT 40119 8 46 attempt attempt NN 40119 8 47 has have VBZ 40119 8 48 been be VBN 40119 8 49 made make VBN 40119 8 50 to to TO 40119 8 51 handle handle VB 40119 8 52 the the DT 40119 8 53 subject subject NN 40119 8 54 with with IN 40119 8 55 some some DT 40119 8 56 degree degree NN 40119 8 57 of of IN 40119 8 58 freshness freshness NN 40119 8 59 . . . 40119 9 1 The the DT 40119 9 2 interesting interesting JJ 40119 9 3 subjective subjective JJ 40119 9 4 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 9 5 which which WDT 40119 9 6 are be VBP 40119 9 7 associated associate VBN 40119 9 8 with with IN 40119 9 9 the the DT 40119 9 10 sense sense NN 40119 9 11 of of IN 40119 9 12 vision vision NN 40119 9 13 do do VBP 40119 9 14 not not RB 40119 9 15 appear appear VB 40119 9 16 to to TO 40119 9 17 have have VB 40119 9 18 received receive VBN 40119 9 19 in in IN 40119 9 20 this this DT 40119 9 21 country country NN 40119 9 22 the the DT 40119 9 23 attention attention NN 40119 9 24 they -PRON- PRP 40119 9 25 deserve deserve VBP 40119 9 26 . . . 40119 10 1 This this DT 40119 10 2 little little JJ 40119 10 3 book book NN 40119 10 4 may may MD 40119 10 5 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 10 6 be be VB 40119 10 7 of of IN 40119 10 8 some some DT 40119 10 9 slight slight JJ 40119 10 10 service service NN 40119 10 11 in in IN 40119 10 12 suggesting suggest VBG 40119 10 13 to to IN 40119 10 14 experimentalists experimentalist NNS 40119 10 15 , , , 40119 10 16 both both CC 40119 10 17 professional professional JJ 40119 10 18 and and CC 40119 10 19 amateur amateur JJ 40119 10 20 , , , 40119 10 21 an an DT 40119 10 22 attractive attractive JJ 40119 10 23 field field NN 40119 10 24 of of IN 40119 10 25 research research NN 40119 10 26 which which WDT 40119 10 27 has have VBZ 40119 10 28 hitherto hitherto VBN 40119 10 29 been be VBN 40119 10 30 only only RB 40119 10 31 partially partially RB 40119 10 32 explored explore VBN 40119 10 33 . . . 40119 11 1 CONTENTS content NNS 40119 11 2 . . . 40119 12 1 PAGE PAGE NNP 40119 12 2 . . . 40119 13 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 13 2 I. I. NNP 40119 14 1 Light light NN 40119 14 2 and and CC 40119 14 3 the the DT 40119 14 4 Eye Eye NNP 40119 14 5 1 1 CD 40119 14 6 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 14 7 II II NNP 40119 14 8 . . . 40119 15 1 Colour Colour NNP 40119 15 2 and and CC 40119 15 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 15 4 Perception Perception NNP 40119 15 5 39 39 CD 40119 15 6 CHAPTER chapter NN 40119 15 7 III iii CD 40119 15 8 . . . 40119 16 1 Some some DT 40119 16 2 Optical optical JJ 40119 16 3 Defects Defects NNPS 40119 16 4 of of IN 40119 16 5 the the DT 40119 16 6 Eye Eye NNP 40119 16 7 84 84 CD 40119 16 8 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 16 9 IV IV NNP 40119 16 10 . . . 40119 17 1 Some some DT 40119 17 2 Optical Optical NNP 40119 17 3 Illusions Illusions NNPS 40119 17 4 130 130 CD 40119 17 5 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 17 6 V. V. NNP 40119 17 7 Curiosities Curiosities NNPS 40119 17 8 of of IN 40119 17 9 Vision Vision NNP 40119 17 10 165 165 CD 40119 17 11 LIST list NN 40119 17 12 OF of IN 40119 17 13 DIAGRAMS diagrams NN 40119 17 14 . . . 40119 18 1 FIG FIG NNP 40119 18 2 . . . 40119 19 1 PAGE PAGE NNP 40119 19 2 . . . 40119 20 1 1 1 LS 40119 20 2 . . . 40119 21 1 Image image NN 40119 21 2 of of IN 40119 21 3 Slit Slit NNP 40119 21 4 and and CC 40119 21 5 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 21 6 12 12 CD 40119 21 7 2 2 CD 40119 21 8 . . . 40119 22 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 40119 22 2 of of IN 40119 22 3 the the DT 40119 22 4 Eye Eye NNP 40119 22 5 24 24 CD 40119 22 6 3 3 CD 40119 22 7 . . . 40119 23 1 Abney Abney NNP 40119 23 2 's 's POS 40119 23 3 Colour Colour NNP 40119 23 4 - - HYPH 40119 23 5 patch patch NN 40119 23 6 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 40119 23 7 45 45 CD 40119 23 8 4 4 CD 40119 23 9 . . . 40119 24 1 Partially partially RB 40119 24 2 Intercepted Intercepted NNP 40119 24 3 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 24 4 49 49 CD 40119 24 5 5 5 CD 40119 24 6 . . . 40119 25 1 Stencil Stencil NNP 40119 25 2 Cards Cards NNP 40119 25 3 52 52 CD 40119 25 4 6 6 CD 40119 25 5 . . . 40119 26 1 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 26 2 's 's POS 40119 26 3 Curves curve NNS 40119 26 4 of of IN 40119 26 5 Colour Colour NNP 40119 26 6 Sensations Sensations NNPS 40119 26 7 72 72 CD 40119 26 8 7 7 CD 40119 26 9 . . . 40119 27 1 König König NNP 40119 27 2 's 's POS 40119 27 3 Curves Curves NNP 40119 27 4 73 73 CD 40119 27 5 8 8 CD 40119 27 6 . . . 40119 28 1 Stencil stencil NN 40119 28 2 Card Card NNP 40119 28 3 for for IN 40119 28 4 Complementary Complementary NNP 40119 28 5 Colours Colours NNP 40119 28 6 77 77 CD 40119 28 7 9 9 CD 40119 28 8 . . . 40119 29 1 Another another DT 40119 29 2 form form NN 40119 29 3 79 79 CD 40119 29 4 10 10 CD 40119 29 5 . . . 40119 30 1 Slide slide NN 40119 30 2 for for IN 40119 30 3 Mixing mix VBG 40119 30 4 any any DT 40119 30 5 two two CD 40119 30 6 Spectral Spectral NNP 40119 30 7 Colours Colours NNPS 40119 30 8 80 80 CD 40119 30 9 11 11 CD 40119 30 10 . . . 40119 31 1 Refraction refraction NN 40119 31 2 of of IN 40119 31 3 Monochromatic Monochromatic NNP 40119 31 4 Light Light NNP 40119 31 5 by by IN 40119 31 6 Lens Lens NNP 40119 31 7 87 87 CD 40119 31 8 12 12 CD 40119 31 9 . . . 40119 32 1 Refraction refraction NN 40119 32 2 of of IN 40119 32 3 Dichromatic Dichromatic NNP 40119 32 4 Light Light NNP 40119 32 5 89 89 CD 40119 32 6 13 13 CD 40119 32 7 . . . 40119 33 1 Narrow narrow JJ 40119 33 2 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 33 3 as as IN 40119 33 4 seen see VBN 40119 33 5 from from IN 40119 33 6 a a DT 40119 33 7 Distance Distance NNP 40119 33 8 97 97 CD 40119 33 9 14 14 CD 40119 33 10 . . . 40119 34 1 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 34 2 formed form VBD 40119 34 3 with with IN 40119 34 4 V V NNP 40119 34 5 - - HYPH 40119 34 6 shaped shaped JJ 40119 34 7 Slit Slit NNP 40119 34 8 103 103 CD 40119 34 9 15 15 CD 40119 34 10 . . . 40119 35 1 Bezold Bezold NNP 40119 35 2 's 's POS 40119 35 3 Device device NN 40119 35 4 for for IN 40119 35 5 Demonstrating Demonstrating NNP 40119 35 6 Non Non NNP 40119 35 7 - - NN 40119 35 8 achromatism achromatism NN 40119 35 9 of of IN 40119 35 10 the the DT 40119 35 11 Eye Eye NNP 40119 35 12 108 108 CD 40119 35 13 16 16 CD 40119 35 14 . . . 40119 36 1 Crossed crossed JJ 40119 36 2 Lines line NNS 40119 36 3 showing show VBG 40119 36 4 the the DT 40119 36 5 Effect Effect NNP 40119 36 6 of of IN 40119 36 7 Astigmatism Astigmatism NNP 40119 36 8 113 113 CD 40119 36 9 17 17 CD 40119 36 10 . . . 40119 37 1 Another another DT 40119 37 2 Design design NN 40119 37 3 showing show VBG 40119 37 4 the the DT 40119 37 5 same same JJ 40119 37 6 114 114 CD 40119 37 7 18 18 CD 40119 37 8 . . . 40119 38 1 Star star NN 40119 38 2 - - HYPH 40119 38 3 like like JJ 40119 38 4 Images image NNS 40119 38 5 of of IN 40119 38 6 Luminous luminous JJ 40119 38 7 Points Points NNPS 40119 38 8 116 116 CD 40119 38 9 19 19 CD 40119 38 10 . . . 40119 39 1 Sutures suture NNS 40119 39 2 of of IN 40119 39 3 the the DT 40119 39 4 Crystalline Crystalline NNP 40119 39 5 Lens Lens NNP 40119 39 6 117 117 CD 40119 39 7 20 20 CD 40119 39 8 . . . 40119 40 1 Multiple multiple JJ 40119 40 2 Images image NNS 40119 40 3 of of IN 40119 40 4 a a DT 40119 40 5 Luminous luminous JJ 40119 40 6 Point Point NNP 40119 40 7 120 120 CD 40119 40 8 21 21 CD 40119 40 9 . . . 40119 41 1 The the DT 40119 41 2 same same JJ 40119 41 3 , , , 40119 41 4 showing show VBG 40119 41 5 an an DT 40119 41 6 increased increase VBN 40119 41 7 number number NN 40119 41 8 of of IN 40119 41 9 Images image NNS 40119 41 10 122 122 CD 40119 41 11 22 22 CD 40119 41 12 . . . 40119 42 1 The the DT 40119 42 2 same same JJ 40119 42 3 when when WRB 40119 42 4 a a DT 40119 42 5 Slit Slit NNP 40119 42 6 is be VBZ 40119 42 7 held hold VBN 40119 42 8 before before IN 40119 42 9 the the DT 40119 42 10 Eye Eye NNP 40119 42 11 123 123 CD 40119 42 12 23 23 CD 40119 42 13 . . . 40119 43 1 Multiple multiple JJ 40119 43 2 Images image NNS 40119 43 3 of of IN 40119 43 4 an an DT 40119 43 5 Electric Electric NNP 40119 43 6 Lamp Lamp NNP 40119 43 7 Filament Filament NNP 40119 43 8 125 125 CD 40119 43 9 24 24 CD 40119 43 10 . . . 40119 44 1 The the DT 40119 44 2 same same JJ 40119 44 3 seen see VBN 40119 44 4 through through IN 40119 44 5 a a DT 40119 44 6 Slit Slit NNP 40119 44 7 126 126 CD 40119 44 8 - 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- HYPH 40119 65 6 borders borders NNP 40119 65 7 205 205 CD 40119 65 8 46 46 CD 40119 65 9 . . . 40119 66 1 Black black JJ 40119 66 2 and and CC 40119 66 3 White White NNP 40119 66 4 Screens Screens NNP 40119 66 5 for for IN 40119 66 6 the the DT 40119 66 7 same same JJ 40119 66 8 209 209 CD 40119 66 9 47 47 CD 40119 66 10 . . . 40119 67 1 Rotating rotate VBG 40119 67 2 Disk Disk NNP 40119 67 3 for for IN 40119 67 4 the the DT 40119 67 5 same same JJ 40119 67 6 210 210 CD 40119 67 7 48 48 CD 40119 67 8 . . . 40119 68 1 Demonstration demonstration NN 40119 68 2 of of IN 40119 68 3 Blue Blue NNP 40119 68 4 Colour Colour NNP 40119 68 5 - - HYPH 40119 68 6 borders borders NNP 40119 68 7 215 215 CD 40119 68 8 49 49 CD 40119 68 9 . . . 40119 69 1 Disk disk NN 40119 69 2 for for IN 40119 69 3 Experiments experiment NNS 40119 69 4 on on IN 40119 69 5 the the DT 40119 69 6 Origin Origin NNP 40119 69 7 of of IN 40119 69 8 the the DT 40119 69 9 Colour Colour NNP 40119 69 10 - - HYPH 40119 69 11 borders borders NNP 40119 69 12 217 217 CD 40119 69 13 50 50 CD 40119 69 14 . . . 40119 70 1 Disk disk NN 40119 70 2 for for IN 40119 70 3 the the DT 40119 70 4 Subjective Subjective NNP 40119 70 5 Transformation Transformation NNP 40119 70 6 of of IN 40119 70 7 Colours Colours NNP 40119 70 8 224 224 CD 40119 70 9 CHAPTER chapter NN 40119 70 10 I. i. NN 40119 71 1 LIGHT LIGHT NNP 40119 71 2 AND and CC 40119 71 3 THE the DT 40119 71 4 EYE EYE NNP 40119 71 5 . . . 40119 72 1 In in IN 40119 72 2 the the DT 40119 72 3 present present JJ 40119 72 4 scientific scientific JJ 40119 72 5 age age NN 40119 72 6 every every DT 40119 72 7 one one NN 40119 72 8 knows know VBZ 40119 72 9 that that IN 40119 72 10 light light NN 40119 72 11 is be VBZ 40119 72 12 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 72 13 across across IN 40119 72 14 space space NN 40119 72 15 through through IN 40119 72 16 the the DT 40119 72 17 medium medium NN 40119 72 18 of of IN 40119 72 19 the the DT 40119 72 20 luminiferous luminiferous JJ 40119 72 21 ether ether NN 40119 72 22 . . . 40119 73 1 This this DT 40119 73 2 ether ether NN 40119 73 3 fills fill VBZ 40119 73 4 the the DT 40119 73 5 whole whole NN 40119 73 6 of of IN 40119 73 7 the the DT 40119 73 8 known know VBN 40119 73 9 universe universe NN 40119 73 10 , , , 40119 73 11 as as RB 40119 73 12 far far RB 40119 73 13 at at IN 40119 73 14 least least JJS 40119 73 15 as as IN 40119 73 16 the the DT 40119 73 17 remotest remotest NN 40119 73 18 star star NN 40119 73 19 visible visible JJ 40119 73 20 in in IN 40119 73 21 the the DT 40119 73 22 most most RBS 40119 73 23 powerful powerful JJ 40119 73 24 telescopes telescope NNS 40119 73 25 , , , 40119 73 26 and and CC 40119 73 27 is be VBZ 40119 73 28 often often RB 40119 73 29 said say VBN 40119 73 30 to to TO 40119 73 31 be be VB 40119 73 32 possessed possess VBN 40119 73 33 of of IN 40119 73 34 properties property NNS 40119 73 35 of of IN 40119 73 36 so so RB 40119 73 37 paradoxical paradoxical JJ 40119 73 38 a a DT 40119 73 39 character character NN 40119 73 40 that that IN 40119 73 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 73 42 unreserved unreserved JJ 40119 73 43 acceptance acceptance NN 40119 73 44 has have VBZ 40119 73 45 always always RB 40119 73 46 been be VBN 40119 73 47 a a DT 40119 73 48 matter matter NN 40119 73 49 of of IN 40119 73 50 considerable considerable JJ 40119 73 51 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 73 52 . . . 40119 74 1 The the DT 40119 74 2 ether ether NN 40119 74 3 is be VBZ 40119 74 4 a a DT 40119 74 5 thing thing NN 40119 74 6 of of IN 40119 74 7 immeasurable immeasurable JJ 40119 74 8 tenuity tenuity NN 40119 74 9 , , , 40119 74 10 being be VBG 40119 74 11 many many JJ 40119 74 12 millions million NNS 40119 74 13 of of IN 40119 74 14 times time NNS 40119 74 15 rarer rare JJR 40119 74 16 than than IN 40119 74 17 the the DT 40119 74 18 most most RBS 40119 74 19 perfect perfect JJ 40119 74 20 vacuum vacuum NN 40119 74 21 of of IN 40119 74 22 which which WDT 40119 74 23 we -PRON- PRP 40119 74 24 have have VBP 40119 74 25 any any DT 40119 74 26 experience experience NN 40119 74 27 : : : 40119 74 28 it -PRON- PRP 40119 74 29 offers offer VBZ 40119 74 30 no no DT 40119 74 31 sensible sensible JJ 40119 74 32 obstruction obstruction NN 40119 74 33 to to IN 40119 74 34 the the DT 40119 74 35 movements movement NNS 40119 74 36 of of IN 40119 74 37 the the DT 40119 74 38 celestial celestial JJ 40119 74 39 bodies body NNS 40119 74 40 , , , 40119 74 41 and and CC 40119 74 42 even even RB 40119 74 43 the the DT 40119 74 44 flimsiest flimsy JJS 40119 74 45 of of IN 40119 74 46 material material JJ 40119 74 47 substances substance NNS 40119 74 48 can can MD 40119 74 49 pass pass VB 40119 74 50 through through IN 40119 74 51 it -PRON- PRP 40119 74 52 as as IN 40119 74 53 if if IN 40119 74 54 it -PRON- PRP 40119 74 55 were be VBD 40119 74 56 nothing nothing NN 40119 74 57 . . . 40119 75 1 Yet yet CC 40119 75 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 75 3 have have VBP 40119 75 4 been be VBN 40119 75 5 taught teach VBN 40119 75 6 that that IN 40119 75 7 this this DT 40119 75 8 same same JJ 40119 75 9 ether ether NN 40119 75 10 is be VBZ 40119 75 11 an an DT 40119 75 12 elastic elastic JJ 40119 75 13 solid solid JJ 40119 75 14 with with IN 40119 75 15 a a DT 40119 75 16 great great JJ 40119 75 17 degree degree NN 40119 75 18 of of IN 40119 75 19 rigidity rigidity NN 40119 75 20 , , , 40119 75 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 75 22 resistance resistance NN 40119 75 23 to to IN 40119 75 24 distortion distortion NN 40119 75 25 being be VBG 40119 75 26 , , , 40119 75 27 in in IN 40119 75 28 comparison comparison NN 40119 75 29 with with IN 40119 75 30 the the DT 40119 75 31 density density NN 40119 75 32 , , , 40119 75 33 nearly nearly RB 40119 75 34 ten ten CD 40119 75 35 thousand thousand CD 40119 75 36 million million CD 40119 75 37 times time NNS 40119 75 38 greater great JJR 40119 75 39 than than IN 40119 75 40 that that DT 40119 75 41 of of IN 40119 75 42 steel steel NN 40119 75 43 : : : 40119 75 44 thus thus RB 40119 75 45 was be VBD 40119 75 46 explained explain VBN 40119 75 47 the the DT 40119 75 48 prodigious prodigious JJ 40119 75 49 speed speed NN 40119 75 50 with with IN 40119 75 51 which which WDT 40119 75 52 it -PRON- PRP 40119 75 53 propagates propagate VBZ 40119 75 54 transverse transverse JJ 40119 75 55 vibrations vibration NNS 40119 75 56 . . . 40119 76 1 A a DT 40119 76 2 few few JJ 40119 76 3 years year NNS 40119 76 4 ago ago RB 40119 76 5 , , , 40119 76 6 a a DT 40119 76 7 distinguished distinguished JJ 40119 76 8 leader leader NN 40119 76 9 in in IN 40119 76 10 science science NN 40119 76 11 endeavoured endeavour VBN 40119 76 12 in in IN 40119 76 13 the the DT 40119 76 14 course course NN 40119 76 15 of of IN 40119 76 16 a a DT 40119 76 17 lecture lecture NN 40119 76 18 to to TO 40119 76 19 illustrate illustrate VB 40119 76 20 these these DT 40119 76 21 apparently apparently RB 40119 76 22 incompatible incompatible JJ 40119 76 23 properties property NNS 40119 76 24 with with IN 40119 76 25 the the DT 40119 76 26 aid aid NN 40119 76 27 of of IN 40119 76 28 a a DT 40119 76 29 large large JJ 40119 76 30 slab slab NN 40119 76 31 of of IN 40119 76 32 Burgundy Burgundy NNP 40119 76 33 pitch pitch NN 40119 76 34 . . . 40119 77 1 He -PRON- PRP 40119 77 2 showed show VBD 40119 77 3 that that IN 40119 77 4 the the DT 40119 77 5 pitch pitch NN 40119 77 6 was be VBD 40119 77 7 hard hard JJ 40119 77 8 and and CC 40119 77 9 brittle brittle JJ 40119 77 10 , , , 40119 77 11 yet yet RB 40119 77 12 , , , 40119 77 13 as as IN 40119 77 14 he -PRON- PRP 40119 77 15 said say VBD 40119 77 16 , , , 40119 77 17 a a DT 40119 77 18 bullet bullet NN 40119 77 19 laid lay VBN 40119 77 20 upon upon IN 40119 77 21 the the DT 40119 77 22 slab slab NN 40119 77 23 would would MD 40119 77 24 , , , 40119 77 25 in in IN 40119 77 26 the the DT 40119 77 27 course course NN 40119 77 28 of of IN 40119 77 29 a a DT 40119 77 30 few few JJ 40119 77 31 months month NNS 40119 77 32 , , , 40119 77 33 sink sink VBP 40119 77 34 into into IN 40119 77 35 and and CC 40119 77 36 penetrate penetrate VB 40119 77 37 through through IN 40119 77 38 it -PRON- PRP 40119 77 39 , , , 40119 77 40 the the DT 40119 77 41 hard hard JJ 40119 77 42 brittle brittle JJ 40119 77 43 mass mass NN 40119 77 44 being be VBG 40119 77 45 really really RB 40119 77 46 a a DT 40119 77 47 very very RB 40119 77 48 viscous viscous JJ 40119 77 49 fluid fluid NN 40119 77 50 . . . 40119 78 1 The the DT 40119 78 2 ether ether NN 40119 78 3 , , , 40119 78 4 it -PRON- PRP 40119 78 5 was be VBD 40119 78 6 suggested suggest VBN 40119 78 7 , , , 40119 78 8 resembled resemble VBD 40119 78 9 the the DT 40119 78 10 pitch pitch NN 40119 78 11 in in IN 40119 78 12 having have VBG 40119 78 13 the the DT 40119 78 14 rigidity rigidity NN 40119 78 15 of of IN 40119 78 16 a a DT 40119 78 17 solid solid JJ 40119 78 18 and and CC 40119 78 19 yet yet RB 40119 78 20 gradually gradually RB 40119 78 21 yielding yield VBG 40119 78 22 ; ; : 40119 78 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 78 24 was be VBD 40119 78 25 , , , 40119 78 26 in in IN 40119 78 27 fact fact NN 40119 78 28 , , , 40119 78 29 a a DT 40119 78 30 rigid rigid JJ 40119 78 31 solid solid JJ 40119 78 32 for for IN 40119 78 33 luminiferous luminiferous JJ 40119 78 34 vibrations vibration NNS 40119 78 35 executed execute VBN 40119 78 36 in in IN 40119 78 37 about about RB 40119 78 38 a a DT 40119 78 39 hundred hundred CD 40119 78 40 - - HYPH 40119 78 41 billionth billionth JJ 40119 78 42 part part NN 40119 78 43 of of IN 40119 78 44 a a DT 40119 78 45 second second JJ 40119 78 46 , , , 40119 78 47 and and CC 40119 78 48 at at IN 40119 78 49 the the DT 40119 78 50 same same JJ 40119 78 51 time time NN 40119 78 52 highly highly RB 40119 78 53 mobile mobile JJ 40119 78 54 to to IN 40119 78 55 bodies body NNS 40119 78 56 like like IN 40119 78 57 the the DT 40119 78 58 earth earth NN 40119 78 59 going go VBG 40119 78 60 through through IN 40119 78 61 it -PRON- PRP 40119 78 62 at at IN 40119 78 63 the the DT 40119 78 64 rate rate NN 40119 78 65 of of IN 40119 78 66 twenty twenty CD 40119 78 67 miles mile NNS 40119 78 68 in in IN 40119 78 69 a a DT 40119 78 70 second second NN 40119 78 71 . . . 40119 79 1 This this DT 40119 79 2 illustration illustration NN 40119 79 3 , , , 40119 79 4 felicitous felicitous JJ 40119 79 5 as as IN 40119 79 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 79 7 is be VBZ 40119 79 8 , , , 40119 79 9 would would MD 40119 79 10 , , , 40119 79 11 however however RB 40119 79 12 , , , 40119 79 13 scarcely scarcely RB 40119 79 14 avail avail VBP 40119 79 15 to to TO 40119 79 16 force force VB 40119 79 17 conviction conviction NN 40119 79 18 upon upon IN 40119 79 19 an an DT 40119 79 20 unwilling unwilling JJ 40119 79 21 mind mind NN 40119 79 22 , , , 40119 79 23 even even RB 40119 79 24 if if IN 40119 79 25 it -PRON- PRP 40119 79 26 were be VBD 40119 79 27 admitted admit VBN 40119 79 28 that that IN 40119 79 29 the the DT 40119 79 30 period period NN 40119 79 31 of of IN 40119 79 32 an an DT 40119 79 33 ether ether NN 40119 79 34 wave wave NN 40119 79 35 is be VBZ 40119 79 36 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 79 37 no no DT 40119 79 38 more more JJR 40119 79 39 than than IN 40119 79 40 a a DT 40119 79 41 hundred hundred CD 40119 79 42 - - HYPH 40119 79 43 billionth billionth NN 40119 79 44 of of IN 40119 79 45 a a DT 40119 79 46 second second JJ 40119 79 47 or or CC 40119 79 48 thereabouts thereabout NNS 40119 79 49 , , , 40119 79 50 which which WDT 40119 79 51 is be VBZ 40119 79 52 probably probably RB 40119 79 53 very very RB 40119 79 54 far far RB 40119 79 55 from from IN 40119 79 56 the the DT 40119 79 57 truth truth NN 40119 79 58 . . . 40119 80 1 But but CC 40119 80 2 , , , 40119 80 3 indeed indeed RB 40119 80 4 , , , 40119 80 5 the the DT 40119 80 6 elastic elastic JJ 40119 80 7 solid solid JJ 40119 80 8 theory theory NN 40119 80 9 of of IN 40119 80 10 the the DT 40119 80 11 ether ether NN 40119 80 12 has have VBZ 40119 80 13 failed fail VBN 40119 80 14 to to TO 40119 80 15 give give VB 40119 80 16 a a DT 40119 80 17 consistent consistent JJ 40119 80 18 explanation explanation NN 40119 80 19 of of IN 40119 80 20 some some DT 40119 80 21 of of IN 40119 80 22 the the DT 40119 80 23 most most RBS 40119 80 24 important important JJ 40119 80 25 points point NNS 40119 80 26 in in IN 40119 80 27 observational observational JJ 40119 80 28 optics optic NNS 40119 80 29 ; ; : 40119 80 30 and and CC 40119 80 31 , , , 40119 80 32 in in IN 40119 80 33 spite spite NN 40119 80 34 of of IN 40119 80 35 the the DT 40119 80 36 exalted exalted JJ 40119 80 37 position position NN 40119 80 38 which which WDT 40119 80 39 it -PRON- PRP 40119 80 40 has have VBZ 40119 80 41 held hold VBN 40119 80 42 , , , 40119 80 43 it -PRON- PRP 40119 80 44 can can MD 40119 80 45 now now RB 40119 80 46 hardly hardly RB 40119 80 47 be be VB 40119 80 48 regarded regard VBN 40119 80 49 as as IN 40119 80 50 representing represent VBG 40119 80 51 a a DT 40119 80 52 physical physical JJ 40119 80 53 reality reality NN 40119 80 54 . . . 40119 81 1 The the DT 40119 81 2 famous famous JJ 40119 81 3 researches research NNS 40119 81 4 of of IN 40119 81 5 Hertz Hertz NNP 40119 81 6 have have VBP 40119 81 7 established establish VBN 40119 81 8 upon upon IN 40119 81 9 a a DT 40119 81 10 secure secure JJ 40119 81 11 experimental experimental JJ 40119 81 12 basis basis NN 40119 81 13 the the DT 40119 81 14 hypothesis hypothesis NN 40119 81 15 of of IN 40119 81 16 Maxwell Maxwell NNP 40119 81 17 that that IN 40119 81 18 light light NN 40119 81 19 is be VBZ 40119 81 20 an an DT 40119 81 21 electro electro JJ 40119 81 22 - - HYPH 40119 81 23 magnetic magnetic JJ 40119 81 24 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 81 25 . . . 40119 82 1 Such such JJ 40119 82 2 electrical electrical JJ 40119 82 3 radiations radiation NNS 40119 82 4 as as IN 40119 82 5 can can MD 40119 82 6 be be VB 40119 82 7 produced produce VBN 40119 82 8 by by IN 40119 82 9 suitable suitable JJ 40119 82 10 instruments instrument NNS 40119 82 11 are be VBP 40119 82 12 found find VBN 40119 82 13 to to TO 40119 82 14 behave behave VB 40119 82 15 in in IN 40119 82 16 exactly exactly RB 40119 82 17 the the DT 40119 82 18 same same JJ 40119 82 19 manner manner NN 40119 82 20 as as IN 40119 82 21 those those DT 40119 82 22 to to TO 40119 82 23 which which WDT 40119 82 24 light light NN 40119 82 25 is be VBZ 40119 82 26 due due JJ 40119 82 27 . . . 40119 83 1 They -PRON- PRP 40119 83 2 travel travel VBP 40119 83 3 through through IN 40119 83 4 space space NN 40119 83 5 with with IN 40119 83 6 the the DT 40119 83 7 same same JJ 40119 83 8 speed speed NN 40119 83 9 ; ; : 40119 83 10 they -PRON- PRP 40119 83 11 can can MD 40119 83 12 be be VB 40119 83 13 reflected reflect VBN 40119 83 14 , , , 40119 83 15 refracted refract VBN 40119 83 16 , , , 40119 83 17 polarised polarise VBD 40119 83 18 , , , 40119 83 19 and and CC 40119 83 20 made make VBN 40119 83 21 to to TO 40119 83 22 exhibit exhibit VB 40119 83 23 interference interference NN 40119 83 24 effects effect NNS 40119 83 25 . . . 40119 84 1 No no DT 40119 84 2 fact fact NN 40119 84 3 in in IN 40119 84 4 physics physics NN 40119 84 5 can can MD 40119 84 6 be be VB 40119 84 7 much much RB 40119 84 8 more more RBR 40119 84 9 firmly firmly RB 40119 84 10 established establish VBN 40119 84 11 than than IN 40119 84 12 that that DT 40119 84 13 of of IN 40119 84 14 the the DT 40119 84 15 essential essential JJ 40119 84 16 identity identity NN 40119 84 17 of of IN 40119 84 18 light light NN 40119 84 19 and and CC 40119 84 20 electricity electricity NN 40119 84 21 . . . 40119 85 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 85 2 follows follow VBZ 40119 85 3 then then RB 40119 85 4 that that IN 40119 85 5 the the DT 40119 85 6 displacements displacement NNS 40119 85 7 of of IN 40119 85 8 the the DT 40119 85 9 ether ether NN 40119 85 10 which which WDT 40119 85 11 constitute constitute VBP 40119 85 12 light light NN 40119 85 13 - - HYPH 40119 85 14 waves wave NNS 40119 85 15 are be VBP 40119 85 16 not not RB 40119 85 17 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 85 18 of of IN 40119 85 19 the the DT 40119 85 20 same same JJ 40119 85 21 gross gross JJ 40119 85 22 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 85 23 nature nature NN 40119 85 24 as as IN 40119 85 25 those those DT 40119 85 26 which which WDT 40119 85 27 we -PRON- PRP 40119 85 28 see see VBP 40119 85 29 on on IN 40119 85 30 the the DT 40119 85 31 surface surface NN 40119 85 32 of of IN 40119 85 33 water water NN 40119 85 34 , , , 40119 85 35 or or CC 40119 85 36 which which WDT 40119 85 37 occur occur VBP 40119 85 38 in in IN 40119 85 39 the the DT 40119 85 40 air air NN 40119 85 41 when when WRB 40119 85 42 sound sound NNP 40119 85 43 is be VBZ 40119 85 44 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 85 45 through through IN 40119 85 46 it -PRON- PRP 40119 85 47 . . . 40119 86 1 The the DT 40119 86 2 displacements displacement NNS 40119 86 3 which which WDT 40119 86 4 the the DT 40119 86 5 ether ether NN 40119 86 6 undergoes undergoe NNS 40119 86 7 are be VBP 40119 86 8 not not RB 40119 86 9 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 86 10 -- -- : 40119 86 11 primarily primarily RB 40119 86 12 at at IN 40119 86 13 all all DT 40119 86 14 events event NNS 40119 86 15 -- -- : 40119 86 16 but but CC 40119 86 17 electrical electrical JJ 40119 86 18 . . . 40119 87 1 Every every DT 40119 87 2 one one NN 40119 87 3 knows know VBZ 40119 87 4 what what WP 40119 87 5 a a DT 40119 87 6 simple simple JJ 40119 87 7 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 87 8 displacement displacement NN 40119 87 9 is be VBZ 40119 87 10 . . . 40119 88 1 If if IN 40119 88 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 88 3 push push VBP 40119 88 4 aside aside RB 40119 88 5 the the DT 40119 88 6 bob bob NN 40119 88 7 of of IN 40119 88 8 a a DT 40119 88 9 suspended suspend VBN 40119 88 10 pendulum pendulum NN 40119 88 11 , , , 40119 88 12 that that DT 40119 88 13 is be VBZ 40119 88 14 a a DT 40119 88 15 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 88 16 displacement displacement NN 40119 88 17 . . . 40119 89 1 But but CC 40119 89 2 if if IN 40119 89 3 we -PRON- PRP 40119 89 4 electrify electrify VBP 40119 89 5 a a DT 40119 89 6 stick stick NN 40119 89 7 of of IN 40119 89 8 sealing seal VBG 40119 89 9 wax wax NN 40119 89 10 by by IN 40119 89 11 rubbing rub VBG 40119 89 12 it -PRON- PRP 40119 89 13 with with IN 40119 89 14 flannel flannel NN 40119 89 15 , , , 40119 89 16 the the DT 40119 89 17 surrounding surround VBG 40119 89 18 ether ether NN 40119 89 19 undergoes undergoe NNS 40119 89 20 electric electric JJ 40119 89 21 displacement displacement NN 40119 89 22 , , , 40119 89 23 and and CC 40119 89 24 no no DT 40119 89 25 one one NN 40119 89 26 understands understand VBZ 40119 89 27 what what WP 40119 89 28 electric electric JJ 40119 89 29 displacement displacement NN 40119 89 30 really really RB 40119 89 31 is be VBZ 40119 89 32 . . . 40119 90 1 Ultimately ultimately RB 40119 90 2 , , , 40119 90 3 no no RB 40119 90 4 doubt doubt RB 40119 90 5 , , , 40119 90 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 90 7 will will MD 40119 90 8 turn turn VB 40119 90 9 out out RP 40119 90 10 to to TO 40119 90 11 be be VB 40119 90 12 of of IN 40119 90 13 a a DT 40119 90 14 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 90 15 nature nature NN 40119 90 16 , , , 40119 90 17 but but CC 40119 90 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 90 19 is be VBZ 40119 90 20 almost almost RB 40119 90 21 certainly certainly RB 40119 90 22 not not RB 40119 90 23 a a DT 40119 90 24 simple simple JJ 40119 90 25 bodily bodily JJ 40119 90 26 distortion distortion NN 40119 90 27 such such JJ 40119 90 28 as as IN 40119 90 29 is be VBZ 40119 90 30 caused cause VBN 40119 90 31 , , , 40119 90 32 for for IN 40119 90 33 example example NN 40119 90 34 , , , 40119 90 35 when when WRB 40119 90 36 one one PRP 40119 90 37 presses press VBZ 40119 90 38 a a DT 40119 90 39 jelly jelly NN 40119 90 40 with with IN 40119 90 41 the the DT 40119 90 42 finger finger NN 40119 90 43 . . . 40119 91 1 Since since IN 40119 91 2 , , , 40119 91 3 then then RB 40119 91 4 , , , 40119 91 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 91 6 is be VBZ 40119 91 7 no no DT 40119 91 8 longer long RBR 40119 91 9 necessary necessary JJ 40119 91 10 to to TO 40119 91 11 assume assume VB 40119 91 12 that that IN 40119 91 13 the the DT 40119 91 14 exceedingly exceedingly RB 40119 91 15 rare rare JJ 40119 91 16 and and CC 40119 91 17 subtile subtile NN 40119 91 18 ether ether NN 40119 91 19 is be VBZ 40119 91 20 a a DT 40119 91 21 jelly jelly NN 40119 91 22 - - HYPH 40119 91 23 like like JJ 40119 91 24 solid solid JJ 40119 91 25 in in IN 40119 91 26 order order NN 40119 91 27 to to TO 40119 91 28 account account VB 40119 91 29 for for IN 40119 91 30 the the DT 40119 91 31 manner manner NN 40119 91 32 in in IN 40119 91 33 which which WDT 40119 91 34 it -PRON- PRP 40119 91 35 transmits transmit VBZ 40119 91 36 light light NN 40119 91 37 , , , 40119 91 38 one one CD 40119 91 39 of of IN 40119 91 40 the the DT 40119 91 41 most most RBS 40119 91 42 serious serious JJ 40119 91 43 difficulties difficulty NNS 40119 91 44 in in IN 40119 91 45 the the DT 40119 91 46 way way NN 40119 91 47 of of IN 40119 91 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 91 49 acceptance acceptance NN 40119 91 50 is be VBZ 40119 91 51 removed remove VBN 40119 91 52 . . . 40119 92 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 92 2 is be VBZ 40119 92 3 true true JJ 40119 92 4 that that IN 40119 92 5 nothing nothing NN 40119 92 6 is be VBZ 40119 92 7 definitely definitely RB 40119 92 8 known know VBN 40119 92 9 concerning concern VBG 40119 92 10 the the DT 40119 92 11 mechanism mechanism NN 40119 92 12 which which WDT 40119 92 13 takes take VBZ 40119 92 14 the the DT 40119 92 15 place place NN 40119 92 16 of of IN 40119 92 17 the the DT 40119 92 18 simple simple JJ 40119 92 19 transverse transverse JJ 40119 92 20 vibrations vibration NNS 40119 92 21 formerly formerly RB 40119 92 22 postulated postulate VBN 40119 92 23 , , , 40119 92 24 but but CC 40119 92 25 every every DT 40119 92 26 one one NN 40119 92 27 will will MD 40119 92 28 admit admit VB 40119 92 29 that that IN 40119 92 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 92 31 is be VBZ 40119 92 32 far far RB 40119 92 33 easier easy JJR 40119 92 34 to to TO 40119 92 35 believe believe VB 40119 92 36 in in IN 40119 92 37 what what WP 40119 92 38 we -PRON- PRP 40119 92 39 know know VBP 40119 92 40 nothing nothing NN 40119 92 41 about about IN 40119 92 42 than than IN 40119 92 43 in in IN 40119 92 44 what what WP 40119 92 45 we -PRON- PRP 40119 92 46 know know VBP 40119 92 47 to to TO 40119 92 48 be be VB 40119 92 49 impossible impossible JJ 40119 92 50 . . . 40119 93 1 All all DT 40119 93 2 scientific scientific JJ 40119 93 3 men man NNS 40119 93 4 are be VBP 40119 93 5 in in IN 40119 93 6 fact fact NN 40119 93 7 agreed agree VBN 40119 93 8 in in IN 40119 93 9 recognising recognise VBG 40119 93 10 the the DT 40119 93 11 real real JJ 40119 93 12 and and CC 40119 93 13 genuine genuine JJ 40119 93 14 existence existence NN 40119 93 15 throughout throughout IN 40119 93 16 space space NN 40119 93 17 of of IN 40119 93 18 an an DT 40119 93 19 ether ether NN 40119 93 20 capable capable JJ 40119 93 21 , , , 40119 93 22 among among IN 40119 93 23 other other JJ 40119 93 24 things thing NNS 40119 93 25 , , , 40119 93 26 of of IN 40119 93 27 transmitting transmit VBG 40119 93 28 at at IN 40119 93 29 the the DT 40119 93 30 speed speed NN 40119 93 31 of of IN 40119 93 32 186,000 186,000 CD 40119 93 33 miles mile NNS 40119 93 34 per per IN 40119 93 35 second second JJ 40119 93 36 disturbances disturbance NNS 40119 93 37 which which WDT 40119 93 38 , , , 40119 93 39 whatever whatever WDT 40119 93 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 93 41 precise precise JJ 40119 93 42 nature nature NN 40119 93 43 , , , 40119 93 44 are be VBP 40119 93 45 of of IN 40119 93 46 the the DT 40119 93 47 kind kind NN 40119 93 48 which which WDT 40119 93 49 mathematicians mathematician NNS 40119 93 50 are be VBP 40119 93 51 accustomed accustom VBN 40119 93 52 to to TO 40119 93 53 call call VB 40119 93 54 waves wave NNS 40119 93 55 . . . 40119 94 1 How how WRB 40119 94 2 an an DT 40119 94 3 ether ether NN 40119 94 4 wave wave NN 40119 94 5 is be VBZ 40119 94 6 constituted constituted JJ 40119 94 7 will will MD 40119 94 8 probably probably RB 40119 94 9 be be VB 40119 94 10 known know VBN 40119 94 11 when when WRB 40119 94 12 we -PRON- PRP 40119 94 13 have have VBP 40119 94 14 found find VBN 40119 94 15 out out RP 40119 94 16 exactly exactly RB 40119 94 17 what what WP 40119 94 18 electricity electricity NN 40119 94 19 is be VBZ 40119 94 20 : : : 40119 94 21 and and CC 40119 94 22 that that DT 40119 94 23 may may MD 40119 94 24 be be VB 40119 94 25 never never RB 40119 94 26 . . . 40119 95 1 The the DT 40119 95 2 sensation sensation NN 40119 95 3 of of IN 40119 95 4 light light JJ 40119 95 5 results result NNS 40119 95 6 from from IN 40119 95 7 the the DT 40119 95 8 action action NN 40119 95 9 of of IN 40119 95 10 ether ether NN 40119 95 11 waves wave NNS 40119 95 12 upon upon IN 40119 95 13 the the DT 40119 95 14 organism organism NN 40119 95 15 of of IN 40119 95 16 the the DT 40119 95 17 eye eye NN 40119 95 18 , , , 40119 95 19 but but CC 40119 95 20 the the DT 40119 95 21 old old JJ 40119 95 22 belief belief NN 40119 95 23 that that IN 40119 95 24 the the DT 40119 95 25 sensation sensation NN 40119 95 26 was be VBD 40119 95 27 primarily primarily RB 40119 95 28 due due JJ 40119 95 29 to to IN 40119 95 30 a a DT 40119 95 31 series series NN 40119 95 32 of of IN 40119 95 33 mere mere JJ 40119 95 34 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 95 35 impulses impulse NNS 40119 95 36 or or CC 40119 95 37 beats beat NNS 40119 95 38 , , , 40119 95 39 just just RB 40119 95 40 as as IN 40119 95 41 that that DT 40119 95 42 of of IN 40119 95 43 sound sound JJ 40119 95 44 results result NNS 40119 95 45 from from IN 40119 95 46 the the DT 40119 95 47 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 95 48 impact impact NN 40119 95 49 of of IN 40119 95 50 air air NN 40119 95 51 - - HYPH 40119 95 52 waves wave NNS 40119 95 53 upon upon IN 40119 95 54 the the DT 40119 95 55 drum drum NN 40119 95 56 of of IN 40119 95 57 the the DT 40119 95 58 ear ear NN 40119 95 59 , , , 40119 95 60 can can MD 40119 95 61 not not RB 40119 95 62 any any DT 40119 95 63 longer longer RB 40119 95 64 be be VB 40119 95 65 upheld uphold VBN 40119 95 66 . . . 40119 96 1 The the DT 40119 96 2 essential essential JJ 40119 96 3 nature nature NN 40119 96 4 of of IN 40119 96 5 the the DT 40119 96 6 action action NN 40119 96 7 exerted exert VBN 40119 96 8 by by IN 40119 96 9 ether ether NN 40119 96 10 waves wave NNS 40119 96 11 is be VBZ 40119 96 12 still still RB 40119 96 13 undetermined undetermined JJ 40119 96 14 , , , 40119 96 15 though though IN 40119 96 16 many many JJ 40119 96 17 guesses guess NNS 40119 96 18 at at IN 40119 96 19 the the DT 40119 96 20 truth truth NN 40119 96 21 have have VBP 40119 96 22 been be VBN 40119 96 23 hazarded hazard VBN 40119 96 24 . . . 40119 97 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 97 2 may may MD 40119 97 3 be be VB 40119 97 4 electrical electrical JJ 40119 97 5 or or CC 40119 97 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 97 7 may may MD 40119 97 8 be be VB 40119 97 9 chemical chemical JJ 40119 97 10 ; ; : 40119 97 11 possibly possibly RB 40119 97 12 it -PRON- PRP 40119 97 13 is be VBZ 40119 97 14 both both DT 40119 97 15 . . . 40119 98 1 Ether ether NN 40119 98 2 - - HYPH 40119 98 3 waves wave NNS 40119 98 4 , , , 40119 98 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 98 6 know know VBP 40119 98 7 , , , 40119 98 8 are be VBP 40119 98 9 competent competent JJ 40119 98 10 to to TO 40119 98 11 bring bring VB 40119 98 12 about about RP 40119 98 13 chemical chemical NN 40119 98 14 changes change NNS 40119 98 15 , , , 40119 98 16 as as IN 40119 98 17 in in IN 40119 98 18 the the DT 40119 98 19 familiar familiar JJ 40119 98 20 instance instance NN 40119 98 21 of of IN 40119 98 22 the the DT 40119 98 23 photographic photographic JJ 40119 98 24 processes process NNS 40119 98 25 ; ; : 40119 98 26 they -PRON- PRP 40119 98 27 can can MD 40119 98 28 also also RB 40119 98 29 produce produce VB 40119 98 30 electric electric JJ 40119 98 31 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 98 32 , , , 40119 98 33 as as IN 40119 98 34 , , , 40119 98 35 for for IN 40119 98 36 example example NN 40119 98 37 , , , 40119 98 38 when when WRB 40119 98 39 they -PRON- PRP 40119 98 40 fall fall VBP 40119 98 41 upon upon IN 40119 98 42 a a DT 40119 98 43 suitably suitably RB 40119 98 44 prepared prepare VBN 40119 98 45 piece piece NN 40119 98 46 of of IN 40119 98 47 selenium selenium NN 40119 98 48 ; ; : 40119 98 49 but but CC 40119 98 50 there there EX 40119 98 51 is be VBZ 40119 98 52 no no DT 40119 98 53 evidence evidence NN 40119 98 54 that that IN 40119 98 55 they -PRON- PRP 40119 98 56 can can MD 40119 98 57 exert exert VB 40119 98 58 any any DT 40119 98 59 direct direct JJ 40119 98 60 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 98 61 action action NN 40119 98 62 of of IN 40119 98 63 a a DT 40119 98 64 vibratory vibratory JJ 40119 98 65 character character NN 40119 98 66 , , , 40119 98 67 and and CC 40119 98 68 indeed indeed RB 40119 98 69 it -PRON- PRP 40119 98 70 is be VBZ 40119 98 71 barely barely RB 40119 98 72 conceivable conceivable JJ 40119 98 73 that that IN 40119 98 74 any any DT 40119 98 75 portion portion NN 40119 98 76 of of IN 40119 98 77 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 98 78 organism organism NN 40119 98 79 should should MD 40119 98 80 be be VB 40119 98 81 adapted adapt VBN 40119 98 82 to to TO 40119 98 83 take take VB 40119 98 84 up up RP 40119 98 85 vibrations vibration NNS 40119 98 86 of of IN 40119 98 87 such such JJ 40119 98 88 enormous enormous JJ 40119 98 89 rapidity rapidity NN 40119 98 90 as as IN 40119 98 91 those those DT 40119 98 92 which which WDT 40119 98 93 characterise characterise VBP 40119 98 94 light light NN 40119 98 95 - - HYPH 40119 98 96 waves wave NNS 40119 98 97 . . . 40119 99 1 Of of IN 40119 99 2 the the DT 40119 99 3 multitude multitude NN 40119 99 4 of of IN 40119 99 5 ether ether NN 40119 99 6 - - HYPH 40119 99 7 waves wave NNS 40119 99 8 which which WDT 40119 99 9 traverse traverse VBP 40119 99 10 space space NN 40119 99 11 it -PRON- PRP 40119 99 12 is be VBZ 40119 99 13 only only RB 40119 99 14 comparatively comparatively RB 40119 99 15 few few JJ 40119 99 16 that that WDT 40119 99 17 have have VBP 40119 99 18 the the DT 40119 99 19 power power NN 40119 99 20 of of IN 40119 99 21 exciting excite VBG 40119 99 22 the the DT 40119 99 23 sensation sensation NN 40119 99 24 of of IN 40119 99 25 light light NN 40119 99 26 . . . 40119 100 1 As as IN 40119 100 2 regards regard VBZ 40119 100 3 limited limited JJ 40119 100 4 range range NN 40119 100 5 of of IN 40119 100 6 sensibility sensibility NN 40119 100 7 there there EX 40119 100 8 is be VBZ 40119 100 9 a a DT 40119 100 10 very very RB 40119 100 11 close close JJ 40119 100 12 analogy analogy NN 40119 100 13 between between IN 40119 100 14 hearing hearing NN 40119 100 15 and and CC 40119 100 16 seeing seeing NN 40119 100 17 . . . 40119 101 1 No no DT 40119 101 2 sensation sensation NN 40119 101 3 of of IN 40119 101 4 sound sound NN 40119 101 5 ( ( -LRB- 40119 101 6 at at IN 40119 101 7 least least JJS 40119 101 8 of of IN 40119 101 9 continuous continuous JJ 40119 101 10 sound sound NN 40119 101 11 ) ) -RRB- 40119 101 12 is be VBZ 40119 101 13 produced produce VBN 40119 101 14 when when WRB 40119 101 15 air air NN 40119 101 16 - - HYPH 40119 101 17 waves wave NNS 40119 101 18 beat beat VBN 40119 101 19 upon upon IN 40119 101 20 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 101 21 ears ear NNS 40119 101 22 unless unless IN 40119 101 23 the the DT 40119 101 24 rate rate NN 40119 101 25 of of IN 40119 101 26 the the DT 40119 101 27 successive successive JJ 40119 101 28 impulses impulse NNS 40119 101 29 lies lie VBZ 40119 101 30 within within IN 40119 101 31 certain certain JJ 40119 101 32 definite definite JJ 40119 101 33 limits limit NNS 40119 101 34 . . . 40119 102 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 102 2 is be VBZ 40119 102 3 just just RB 40119 102 4 so so RB 40119 102 5 with with IN 40119 102 6 vision vision NN 40119 102 7 . . . 40119 103 1 If if IN 40119 103 2 ether ether NN 40119 103 3 - - HYPH 40119 103 4 waves wave NNS 40119 103 5 fall fall VBP 40119 103 6 upon upon IN 40119 103 7 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 103 8 eyes eye NNS 40119 103 9 at at IN 40119 103 10 a a DT 40119 103 11 less less JJR 40119 103 12 rate rate NN 40119 103 13 than than IN 40119 103 14 about about IN 40119 103 15 400 400 CD 40119 103 16 billions billion NNS 40119 103 17 per per IN 40119 103 18 second second NN 40119 103 19 , , , 40119 103 20 or or CC 40119 103 21 at at IN 40119 103 22 a a DT 40119 103 23 greater great JJR 40119 103 24 rate rate NN 40119 103 25 than than IN 40119 103 26 750 750 CD 40119 103 27 billions billion NNS 40119 103 28 per per IN 40119 103 29 second second NN 40119 103 30 , , , 40119 103 31 no no DT 40119 103 32 sensation sensation NN 40119 103 33 of of IN 40119 103 34 light light NN 40119 103 35 is be VBZ 40119 103 36 perceived perceive VBN 40119 103 37 . . . 40119 104 1 There there EX 40119 104 2 is be VBZ 40119 104 3 another another DT 40119 104 4 and and CC 40119 104 5 more more RBR 40119 104 6 generally generally RB 40119 104 7 convenient convenient JJ 40119 104 8 way way NN 40119 104 9 of of IN 40119 104 10 stating state VBG 40119 104 11 this this DT 40119 104 12 fact fact NN 40119 104 13 . . . 40119 105 1 Since since IN 40119 105 2 all all DT 40119 105 3 waves wave NNS 40119 105 4 found find VBD 40119 105 5 in in IN 40119 105 6 the the DT 40119 105 7 ether ether NN 40119 105 8 travel travel NN 40119 105 9 through through IN 40119 105 10 space space NN 40119 105 11 at at IN 40119 105 12 exactly exactly RB 40119 105 13 the the DT 40119 105 14 same same JJ 40119 105 15 speed--186,000 speed--186,000 NNP 40119 105 16 miles mile NNS 40119 105 17 a a DT 40119 105 18 second second JJ 40119 105 19 -- -- : 40119 105 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 105 21 follows follow VBZ 40119 105 22 that that IN 40119 105 23 the the DT 40119 105 24 length[1 length[1 NNP 40119 105 25 ] ] -RRB- 40119 105 26 of of IN 40119 105 27 each each DT 40119 105 28 of of IN 40119 105 29 a a DT 40119 105 30 series series NN 40119 105 31 of of IN 40119 105 32 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 40119 105 33 waves wave NNS 40119 105 34 must must MD 40119 105 35 be be VB 40119 105 36 inversely inversely RB 40119 105 37 proportional proportional JJ 40119 105 38 to to IN 40119 105 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 105 40 frequency frequency NN 40119 105 41 , , , 40119 105 42 that that RB 40119 105 43 is is RB 40119 105 44 , , , 40119 105 45 to to IN 40119 105 46 the the DT 40119 105 47 rate rate NN 40119 105 48 at at IN 40119 105 49 which which WDT 40119 105 50 they -PRON- PRP 40119 105 51 strike strike VBP 40119 105 52 a a DT 40119 105 53 fixed fix VBN 40119 105 54 object object NN 40119 105 55 , , , 40119 105 56 such such JJ 40119 105 57 as as IN 40119 105 58 the the DT 40119 105 59 eye eye NN 40119 105 60 . . . 40119 106 1 Instead instead RB 40119 106 2 , , , 40119 106 3 therefore therefore RB 40119 106 4 , , , 40119 106 5 of of IN 40119 106 6 specifying specify VBG 40119 106 7 waves wave NNS 40119 106 8 by by IN 40119 106 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 106 10 frequency frequency NN 40119 106 11 we -PRON- PRP 40119 106 12 may may MD 40119 106 13 equally equally RB 40119 106 14 well well RB 40119 106 15 specify specify VB 40119 106 16 them -PRON- PRP 40119 106 17 by by IN 40119 106 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 106 19 length length NN 40119 106 20 . . . 40119 107 1 Waves wave NNS 40119 107 2 whose whose WP$ 40119 107 3 frequency frequency NN 40119 107 4 is be VBZ 40119 107 5 400 400 CD 40119 107 6 billions billion NNS 40119 107 7 per per IN 40119 107 8 second second JJ 40119 107 9 have have VBP 40119 107 10 a a DT 40119 107 11 length length NN 40119 107 12 of of IN 40119 107 13 about about RB 40119 107 14 1/34000 1/34000 CD 40119 107 15 inch inch NN 40119 107 16 , , , 40119 107 17 this this DT 40119 107 18 being be VBG 40119 107 19 the the DT 40119 107 20 one one CD 40119 107 21 four four CD 40119 107 22 hundred hundred CD 40119 107 23 billionth billionth JJ 40119 107 24 part part NN 40119 107 25 of of IN 40119 107 26 186,000 186,000 CD 40119 107 27 miles mile NNS 40119 107 28 ; ; : 40119 107 29 and and CC 40119 107 30 those those DT 40119 107 31 whose whose WP$ 40119 107 32 frequency frequency NN 40119 107 33 is be VBZ 40119 107 34 750 750 CD 40119 107 35 billions billion NNS 40119 107 36 have have VBP 40119 107 37 a a DT 40119 107 38 wave wave NN 40119 107 39 - - HYPH 40119 107 40 length length NN 40119 107 41 of of IN 40119 107 42 1/64000 1/64000 CD 40119 107 43 inch inch NN 40119 107 44 . . . 40119 108 1 Waves wave NNS 40119 108 2 , , , 40119 108 3 then then RB 40119 108 4 , , , 40119 108 5 of of IN 40119 108 6 a a DT 40119 108 7 length length NN 40119 108 8 greater great JJR 40119 108 9 than than IN 40119 108 10 1/34000 1/34000 CD 40119 108 11 inch inch NN 40119 108 12 or or CC 40119 108 13 less less JJR 40119 108 14 than than IN 40119 108 15 1/64000 1/64000 CD 40119 108 16 inch inch NN 40119 108 17 have have VBP 40119 108 18 no no DT 40119 108 19 effect effect NN 40119 108 20 upon upon IN 40119 108 21 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 108 22 organs organ NNS 40119 108 23 of of IN 40119 108 24 vision vision NN 40119 108 25 . . . 40119 109 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 109 2 2 2 LS 40119 109 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 109 4 In in IN 40119 109 5 relation relation NN 40119 109 6 to to IN 40119 109 7 this this DT 40119 109 8 important important JJ 40119 109 9 fact fact NN 40119 109 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 109 11 will will MD 40119 109 12 be be VB 40119 109 13 convenient convenient JJ 40119 109 14 to to TO 40119 109 15 refer refer VB 40119 109 16 to to IN 40119 109 17 a a DT 40119 109 18 familiar familiar JJ 40119 109 19 but but CC 40119 109 20 very very RB 40119 109 21 beautiful beautiful JJ 40119 109 22 experiment experiment NN 40119 109 23 -- -- : 40119 109 24 the the DT 40119 109 25 formation formation NN 40119 109 26 of of IN 40119 109 27 a a DT 40119 109 28 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 109 29 . . . 40119 110 1 An an DT 40119 110 2 electric electric JJ 40119 110 3 lamp lamp NN 40119 110 4 is be VBZ 40119 110 5 enclosed enclose VBN 40119 110 6 in in IN 40119 110 7 an an DT 40119 110 8 iron iron NN 40119 110 9 lantern lantern NN 40119 110 10 , , , 40119 110 11 having have VBG 40119 110 12 in in IN 40119 110 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 110 14 front front NN 40119 110 15 an an DT 40119 110 16 upright upright JJ 40119 110 17 slit slit NN 40119 110 18 ; ; : 40119 110 19 from from IN 40119 110 20 this this DT 40119 110 21 slit slit NN 40119 110 22 there there EX 40119 110 23 issues issue VBZ 40119 110 24 a a DT 40119 110 25 narrow narrow JJ 40119 110 26 beam beam NN 40119 110 27 of of IN 40119 110 28 white white JJ 40119 110 29 light light NN 40119 110 30 , , , 40119 110 31 which which WDT 40119 110 32 is be VBZ 40119 110 33 made make VBN 40119 110 34 up up RP 40119 110 35 of of IN 40119 110 36 rays ray NNS 40119 110 37 of of IN 40119 110 38 many many JJ 40119 110 39 different different JJ 40119 110 40 wave wave NN 40119 110 41 - - HYPH 40119 110 42 lengths length NNS 40119 110 43 , , , 40119 110 44 all all DT 40119 110 45 mixed mix VBN 40119 110 46 up up RP 40119 110 47 together together RB 40119 110 48 . . . 40119 111 1 By by IN 40119 111 2 causing cause VBG 40119 111 3 the the DT 40119 111 4 light light NN 40119 111 5 to to TO 40119 111 6 pass pass VB 40119 111 7 through through RP 40119 111 8 a a DT 40119 111 9 prism prism NN 40119 111 10 the the DT 40119 111 11 mixed mix VBN 40119 111 12 rays ray NNS 40119 111 13 are be VBP 40119 111 14 sorted sort VBN 40119 111 15 out out RP 40119 111 16 side side NN 40119 111 17 by by IN 40119 111 18 side side NN 40119 111 19 according accord VBG 40119 111 20 to to IN 40119 111 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 111 22 several several JJ 40119 111 23 wave wave NN 40119 111 24 - - HYPH 40119 111 25 lengths length NNS 40119 111 26 , , , 40119 111 27 forming form VBG 40119 111 28 a a DT 40119 111 29 broad broad JJ 40119 111 30 , , , 40119 111 31 many many JJ 40119 111 32 - - HYPH 40119 111 33 hued hued JJ 40119 111 34 band band NN 40119 111 35 or or CC 40119 111 36 " " `` 40119 111 37 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 111 38 " " '' 40119 111 39 upon upon IN 40119 111 40 a a DT 40119 111 41 white white JJ 40119 111 42 screen screen NN 40119 111 43 placed place VBN 40119 111 44 to to TO 40119 111 45 receive receive VB 40119 111 46 it -PRON- PRP 40119 111 47 . . . 40119 112 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 112 2 See see VB 40119 112 3 Fig fig NN 40119 112 4 . . . 40119 113 1 1 1 LS 40119 113 2 . . . 40119 113 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 114 1 To to IN 40119 114 2 the the DT 40119 114 3 visible visible JJ 40119 114 4 rays ray NNS 40119 114 5 of of IN 40119 114 6 the the DT 40119 114 7 longest long JJS 40119 114 8 wave wave NN 40119 114 9 - - HYPH 40119 114 10 length length NN 40119 114 11 is be VBZ 40119 114 12 due due JJ 40119 114 13 the the DT 40119 114 14 red red JJ 40119 114 15 colour colour NN 40119 114 16 on on IN 40119 114 17 the the DT 40119 114 18 extreme extreme JJ 40119 114 19 left left NN 40119 114 20 . . . 40119 115 1 Waves wave NNS 40119 115 2 of of IN 40119 115 3 somewhat somewhat RB 40119 115 4 shorter short JJR 40119 115 5 length length NN 40119 115 6 produce produce VBP 40119 115 7 the the DT 40119 115 8 adjoining adjoining JJ 40119 115 9 stripe stripe NN 40119 115 10 of of IN 40119 115 11 orange orange NN 40119 115 12 , , , 40119 115 13 and and CC 40119 115 14 the the DT 40119 115 15 succeeding succeed VBG 40119 115 16 colours colour NNS 40119 115 17 -- -- : 40119 115 18 yellow yellow JJ 40119 115 19 , , , 40119 115 20 green green JJ 40119 115 21 , , , 40119 115 22 and and CC 40119 115 23 blue blue JJ 40119 115 24 -- -- : 40119 115 25 correspond correspond VB 40119 115 26 respectively respectively RB 40119 115 27 to to IN 40119 115 28 waves wave NNS 40119 115 29 of of IN 40119 115 30 shorter short JJR 40119 115 31 and and CC 40119 115 32 shorter short JJR 40119 115 33 lengths length NNS 40119 115 34 . . . 40119 116 1 Lastly lastly RB 40119 116 2 there there EX 40119 116 3 comes come VBZ 40119 116 4 a a DT 40119 116 5 patch patch NN 40119 116 6 of of IN 40119 116 7 violet violet NN 40119 116 8 due due IN 40119 116 9 to to IN 40119 116 10 those those DT 40119 116 11 of of IN 40119 116 12 the the DT 40119 116 13 visible visible JJ 40119 116 14 rays ray NNS 40119 116 15 whose whose WP$ 40119 116 16 wave wave NN 40119 116 17 - - HYPH 40119 116 18 length length NN 40119 116 19 is be VBZ 40119 116 20 the the DT 40119 116 21 shortest short JJS 40119 116 22 of of IN 40119 116 23 all all DT 40119 116 24 . . . 40119 117 1 The the DT 40119 117 2 wave wave NN 40119 117 3 - - HYPH 40119 117 4 length length NN 40119 117 5 of of IN 40119 117 6 the the DT 40119 117 7 light light NN 40119 117 8 at at IN 40119 117 9 the the DT 40119 117 10 extreme extreme JJ 40119 117 11 edge edge NN 40119 117 12 of of IN 40119 117 13 the the DT 40119 117 14 red red NN 40119 117 15 is be VBZ 40119 117 16 about about RB 40119 117 17 1/34000 1/34000 CD 40119 117 18 inch inch NN 40119 117 19 , , , 40119 117 20 and and CC 40119 117 21 as as IN 40119 117 22 we -PRON- PRP 40119 117 23 pass pass VBP 40119 117 24 along along RP 40119 117 25 the the DT 40119 117 26 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 117 27 the the DT 40119 117 28 wave wave NN 40119 117 29 - - HYPH 40119 117 30 length length NN 40119 117 31 gradually gradually RB 40119 117 32 diminishes diminish VBZ 40119 117 33 , , , 40119 117 34 until until IN 40119 117 35 at at IN 40119 117 36 the the DT 40119 117 37 extreme extreme JJ 40119 117 38 outer outer JJ 40119 117 39 edge edge NN 40119 117 40 of of IN 40119 117 41 the the DT 40119 117 42 violet violet NN 40119 117 43 it -PRON- PRP 40119 117 44 is be VBZ 40119 117 45 about about RB 40119 117 46 1/64000 1/64000 CD 40119 117 47 inch inch NN 40119 117 48 , , , 40119 117 49 or or CC 40119 117 50 not not RB 40119 117 51 much much RB 40119 117 52 more more JJR 40119 117 53 than than IN 40119 117 54 half half PDT 40119 117 55 that that DT 40119 117 56 at at IN 40119 117 57 the the DT 40119 117 58 other other JJ 40119 117 59 end end NN 40119 117 60 . . . 40119 118 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 118 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 118 3 : : : 40119 118 4 _ _ NNP 40119 118 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 118 6 . . . 40119 119 1 1.--Image 1.--image CD 40119 119 2 of of IN 40119 119 3 Slit Slit NNP 40119 119 4 and and CC 40119 119 5 of of IN 40119 119 6 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 119 7 . . . 40119 119 8 _ _ NNP 40119 119 9 ] ] -RRB- 40119 119 10 The the DT 40119 119 11 two two CD 40119 119 12 ends end NNS 40119 119 13 of of IN 40119 119 14 the the DT 40119 119 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 119 16 gradually gradually RB 40119 119 17 fade fade VBD 40119 119 18 away away RB 40119 119 19 into into IN 40119 119 20 darkness darkness NN 40119 119 21 , , , 40119 119 22 and and CC 40119 119 23 the the DT 40119 119 24 point point NN 40119 119 25 that that WDT 40119 119 26 I -PRON- PRP 40119 119 27 wish wish VBP 40119 119 28 to to TO 40119 119 29 insist insist VB 40119 119 30 upon upon IN 40119 119 31 and and CC 40119 119 32 make make VB 40119 119 33 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 119 34 clear clear JJ 40119 119 35 is be VBZ 40119 119 36 this:--The this:--the IN 40119 119 37 position position NN 40119 119 38 of of IN 40119 119 39 the the DT 40119 119 40 boundaries boundary NNS 40119 119 41 terminating terminate VBG 40119 119 42 the the DT 40119 119 43 visible visible JJ 40119 119 44 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 119 45 does do VBZ 40119 119 46 not not RB 40119 119 47 depend depend VB 40119 119 48 upon upon IN 40119 119 49 anything anything NN 40119 119 50 whatever whatever WDT 40119 119 51 in in IN 40119 119 52 the the DT 40119 119 53 nature nature NN 40119 119 54 of of IN 40119 119 55 light light NN 40119 119 56 regarded regard VBN 40119 119 57 as as IN 40119 119 58 a a DT 40119 119 59 physical physical JJ 40119 119 60 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 119 61 . . . 40119 120 1 Ether ether JJ 40119 120 2 waves wave NNS 40119 120 3 which which WDT 40119 120 4 are be VBP 40119 120 5 much much RB 40119 120 6 longer long JJR 40119 120 7 and and CC 40119 120 8 much much RB 40119 120 9 shorter short JJR 40119 120 10 than than IN 40119 120 11 those those DT 40119 120 12 which which WDT 40119 120 13 illuminate illuminate VBP 40119 120 14 the the DT 40119 120 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 120 16 certainly certainly RB 40119 120 17 exist exist VBP 40119 120 18 , , , 40119 120 19 and and CC 40119 120 20 evidence evidence NN 40119 120 21 of of IN 40119 120 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 120 23 existence existence NN 40119 120 24 is be VBZ 40119 120 25 easily easily RB 40119 120 26 obtainable obtainable JJ 40119 120 27 . . . 40119 121 1 But but CC 40119 121 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 121 3 can can MD 40119 121 4 not not RB 40119 121 5 see see VB 40119 121 6 them -PRON- PRP 40119 121 7 ; ; : 40119 121 8 they -PRON- PRP 40119 121 9 fall fall VBP 40119 121 10 upon upon IN 40119 121 11 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 121 12 eyes eye NNS 40119 121 13 without without IN 40119 121 14 exciting excite VBG 40119 121 15 the the DT 40119 121 16 faintest faint JJS 40119 121 17 sensation sensation NN 40119 121 18 of of IN 40119 121 19 light light NN 40119 121 20 . . . 40119 122 1 The the DT 40119 122 2 visible visible JJ 40119 122 3 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 122 4 is be VBZ 40119 122 5 limited limit VBN 40119 122 6 solely solely RB 40119 122 7 by by IN 40119 122 8 the the DT 40119 122 9 physiological physiological JJ 40119 122 10 constitution constitution NN 40119 122 11 of of IN 40119 122 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 122 13 organs organ NNS 40119 122 14 of of IN 40119 122 15 vision vision NN 40119 122 16 , , , 40119 122 17 and and CC 40119 122 18 the the DT 40119 122 19 fact fact NN 40119 122 20 that that IN 40119 122 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 122 22 begins begin VBZ 40119 122 23 and and CC 40119 122 24 ends end VBZ 40119 122 25 where where WRB 40119 122 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 122 27 does do VBZ 40119 122 28 is be VBZ 40119 122 29 , , , 40119 122 30 from from IN 40119 122 31 a a DT 40119 122 32 physical physical JJ 40119 122 33 point point NN 40119 122 34 of of IN 40119 122 35 view view NN 40119 122 36 , , , 40119 122 37 a a DT 40119 122 38 mere mere JJ 40119 122 39 accident accident NN 40119 122 40 . . . 40119 123 1 The the DT 40119 123 2 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 123 3 actually actually RB 40119 123 4 projected project VBD 40119 123 5 upon upon IN 40119 123 6 the the DT 40119 123 7 screen screen NN 40119 123 8 is be VBZ 40119 123 9 in in IN 40119 123 10 truth truth NN 40119 123 11 much much RB 40119 123 12 longer long RBR 40119 123 13 than than IN 40119 123 14 that that DT 40119 123 15 portion portion NN 40119 123 16 of of IN 40119 123 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 123 18 which which WDT 40119 123 19 any any DT 40119 123 20 one one NN 40119 123 21 can can MD 40119 123 22 see see VB 40119 123 23 : : : 40119 123 24 it -PRON- PRP 40119 123 25 extends extend VBZ 40119 123 26 for for IN 40119 123 27 a a DT 40119 123 28 considerable considerable JJ 40119 123 29 distance distance NN 40119 123 30 beyond beyond IN 40119 123 31 the the DT 40119 123 32 violet violet NN 40119 123 33 at at IN 40119 123 34 the the DT 40119 123 35 one one CD 40119 123 36 end end NN 40119 123 37 and and CC 40119 123 38 beyond beyond IN 40119 123 39 the the DT 40119 123 40 red red NN 40119 123 41 at at IN 40119 123 42 the the DT 40119 123 43 other other JJ 40119 123 44 , , , 40119 123 45 these these DT 40119 123 46 invisible invisible JJ 40119 123 47 portions portion NNS 40119 123 48 being be VBG 40119 123 49 known know VBN 40119 123 50 as as IN 40119 123 51 the the DT 40119 123 52 ultra ultra JJ 40119 123 53 - - JJ 40119 123 54 violet violet NN 40119 123 55 and and CC 40119 123 56 infra infra NN 40119 123 57 - - HYPH 40119 123 58 red red JJ 40119 123 59 regions region NNS 40119 123 60 . . . 40119 124 1 People People NNS 40119 124 2 's 's POS 40119 124 3 eyes eye NNS 40119 124 4 differ differ VBP 40119 124 5 in in IN 40119 124 6 regard regard NN 40119 124 7 to to IN 40119 124 8 range range NN 40119 124 9 of of IN 40119 124 10 sensibility sensibility NN 40119 124 11 just just RB 40119 124 12 as as IN 40119 124 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 124 14 ears ear NNS 40119 124 15 do do VBP 40119 124 16 . . . 40119 125 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 125 2 believe believe VBP 40119 125 3 the the DT 40119 125 4 sensibility sensibility NN 40119 125 5 of of IN 40119 125 6 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 125 7 own own JJ 40119 125 8 eyes eye NNS 40119 125 9 to to TO 40119 125 10 be be VB 40119 125 11 normal normal JJ 40119 125 12 , , , 40119 125 13 but but CC 40119 125 14 if if IN 40119 125 15 I -PRON- PRP 40119 125 16 were be VBD 40119 125 17 to to TO 40119 125 18 indicate indicate VB 40119 125 19 the the DT 40119 125 20 two two CD 40119 125 21 points point NNS 40119 125 22 where where WRB 40119 125 23 the the DT 40119 125 24 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 125 25 appears appear VBZ 40119 125 26 to to IN 40119 125 27 me -PRON- PRP 40119 125 28 to to TO 40119 125 29 begin begin VB 40119 125 30 and and CC 40119 125 31 to to TO 40119 125 32 end end VB 40119 125 33 , , , 40119 125 34 a a DT 40119 125 35 great great JJ 40119 125 36 many many JJ 40119 125 37 persons person NNS 40119 125 38 would would MD 40119 125 39 certainly certainly RB 40119 125 40 be be VB 40119 125 41 inclined incline VBN 40119 125 42 to to TO 40119 125 43 disagree disagree VB 40119 125 44 with with IN 40119 125 45 me -PRON- PRP 40119 125 46 and and CC 40119 125 47 place place VB 40119 125 48 the the DT 40119 125 49 boundaries boundary NNS 40119 125 50 somewhere somewhere RB 40119 125 51 else else RB 40119 125 52 . . . 40119 126 1 Some some DT 40119 126 2 , , , 40119 126 3 indeed indeed RB 40119 126 4 , , , 40119 126 5 could could MD 40119 126 6 see see VB 40119 126 7 nothing nothing NN 40119 126 8 whatever whatever WDT 40119 126 9 in in IN 40119 126 10 what what WP 40119 126 11 appears appear VBZ 40119 126 12 to to IN 40119 126 13 most most JJS 40119 126 14 of of IN 40119 126 15 us -PRON- PRP 40119 126 16 to to TO 40119 126 17 be be VB 40119 126 18 a a DT 40119 126 19 brilliant brilliant JJ 40119 126 20 portion portion NN 40119 126 21 of of IN 40119 126 22 the the DT 40119 126 23 red red NN 40119 126 24 . . . 40119 127 1 Again again RB 40119 127 2 , , , 40119 127 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 127 4 is be VBZ 40119 127 5 by by IN 40119 127 6 no no DT 40119 127 7 means means NN 40119 127 8 probable probable JJ 40119 127 9 that that IN 40119 127 10 in in IN 40119 127 11 all all DT 40119 127 12 animals animal NNS 40119 127 13 and and CC 40119 127 14 insects insect NNS 40119 127 15 the the DT 40119 127 16 limits limit NNS 40119 127 17 of of IN 40119 127 18 vision vision NN 40119 127 19 are be VBP 40119 127 20 the the DT 40119 127 21 same same JJ 40119 127 22 as as IN 40119 127 23 they -PRON- PRP 40119 127 24 are be VBP 40119 127 25 in in IN 40119 127 26 man man NN 40119 127 27 . . . 40119 128 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 128 2 might may MD 40119 128 3 naturally naturally RB 40119 128 4 expect expect VB 40119 128 5 that that DT 40119 128 6 larger large JJR 40119 128 7 and and CC 40119 128 8 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 128 9 more more RBR 40119 128 10 coarsely coarsely RB 40119 128 11 constructed construct VBN 40119 128 12 eyes eye NNS 40119 128 13 than than IN 40119 128 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 128 15 own own JJ 40119 128 16 would would MD 40119 128 17 respond respond VB 40119 128 18 to to IN 40119 128 19 waves wave NNS 40119 128 20 of of IN 40119 128 21 greater great JJR 40119 128 22 average average JJ 40119 128 23 length length NN 40119 128 24 , , , 40119 128 25 while while IN 40119 128 26 the the DT 40119 128 27 visual visual JJ 40119 128 28 organs organ NNS 40119 128 29 of of IN 40119 128 30 small small JJ 40119 128 31 insects insect NNS 40119 128 32 might may MD 40119 128 33 on on IN 40119 128 34 the the DT 40119 128 35 other other JJ 40119 128 36 hand hand NN 40119 128 37 be be VB 40119 128 38 more more RBR 40119 128 39 sensitive sensitive JJ 40119 128 40 to to IN 40119 128 41 shorter short JJR 40119 128 42 waves wave NNS 40119 128 43 . . . 40119 129 1 The the DT 40119 129 2 point point NN 40119 129 3 is be VBZ 40119 129 4 not not RB 40119 129 5 one one CD 40119 129 6 that that WDT 40119 129 7 can can MD 40119 129 8 be be VB 40119 129 9 easily easily RB 40119 129 10 settled settle VBN 40119 129 11 , , , 40119 129 12 because because IN 40119 129 13 we -PRON- PRP 40119 129 14 are be VBP 40119 129 15 unable unable JJ 40119 129 16 to to TO 40119 129 17 cross cross VB 40119 129 18 - - VB 40119 129 19 examine examine VB 40119 129 20 an an DT 40119 129 21 animal animal NN 40119 129 22 as as IN 40119 129 23 to to IN 40119 129 24 what what WP 40119 129 25 it -PRON- PRP 40119 129 26 sees see VBZ 40119 129 27 under under IN 40119 129 28 different different JJ 40119 129 29 conditions condition NNS 40119 129 30 . . . 40119 130 1 But but CC 40119 130 2 Sir Sir NNP 40119 130 3 John John NNP 40119 130 4 Lubbock Lubbock NNP 40119 130 5 , , , 40119 130 6 taking take VBG 40119 130 7 advantage advantage NN 40119 130 8 of of IN 40119 130 9 the the DT 40119 130 10 dislike dislike NN 40119 130 11 which which WDT 40119 130 12 ants ant VBZ 40119 130 13 when when WRB 40119 130 14 in in IN 40119 130 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 130 16 nests nest NNS 40119 130 17 have have VBP 40119 130 18 for for IN 40119 130 19 light light NN 40119 130 20 , , , 40119 130 21 has have VBZ 40119 130 22 proved prove VBN 40119 130 23 by by IN 40119 130 24 a a DT 40119 130 25 series series NN 40119 130 26 of of IN 40119 130 27 very very RB 40119 130 28 exhaustive exhaustive JJ 40119 130 29 and and CC 40119 130 30 conclusive conclusive JJ 40119 130 31 experiments experiment NNS 40119 130 32 that that WDT 40119 130 33 these these DT 40119 130 34 insects insect NNS 40119 130 35 are be VBP 40119 130 36 most most RBS 40119 130 37 sensitive sensitive JJ 40119 130 38 to to IN 40119 130 39 rays ray NNS 40119 130 40 which which WDT 40119 130 41 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 130 42 own own JJ 40119 130 43 eyes eye NNS 40119 130 44 can can MD 40119 130 45 not not RB 40119 130 46 perceive perceive VB 40119 130 47 at at RB 40119 130 48 all all RB 40119 130 49 . . . 40119 131 1 That that DT 40119 131 2 region region NN 40119 131 3 of of IN 40119 131 4 the the DT 40119 131 5 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 131 6 which which WDT 40119 131 7 appears appear VBZ 40119 131 8 brightest bright JJS 40119 131 9 to to IN 40119 131 10 the the DT 40119 131 11 eye eye NN 40119 131 12 of of IN 40119 131 13 an an DT 40119 131 14 ant ant NN 40119 131 15 is be VBZ 40119 131 16 what what WP 40119 131 17 we -PRON- PRP 40119 131 18 should should MD 40119 131 19 call call VB 40119 131 20 a a DT 40119 131 21 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 131 22 dark dark JJ 40119 131 23 one one NN 40119 131 24 , , , 40119 131 25 lying lie VBG 40119 131 26 outside outside IN 40119 131 27 the the DT 40119 131 28 violet violet NN 40119 131 29 , , , 40119 131 30 where where WRB 40119 131 31 the the DT 40119 131 32 incident incident NN 40119 131 33 waves wave NNS 40119 131 34 have have VBP 40119 131 35 a a DT 40119 131 36 length length NN 40119 131 37 of of IN 40119 131 38 less less JJR 40119 131 39 than than IN 40119 131 40 1/64000 1/64000 CD 40119 131 41 inch inch NN 40119 131 42 . . . 40119 132 1 As as IN 40119 132 2 Lord Lord NNP 40119 132 3 Salisbury Salisbury NNP 40119 132 4 said say VBD 40119 132 5 at at IN 40119 132 6 Oxford Oxford NNP 40119 132 7 , , , 40119 132 8 the the DT 40119 132 9 function function NN 40119 132 10 of of IN 40119 132 11 the the DT 40119 132 12 ether ether NN 40119 132 13 is be VBZ 40119 132 14 to to TO 40119 132 15 undulate undulate VB 40119 132 16 , , , 40119 132 17 and and CC 40119 132 18 , , , 40119 132 19 in in IN 40119 132 20 fact fact NN 40119 132 21 , , , 40119 132 22 it -PRON- PRP 40119 132 23 transports transport VBZ 40119 132 24 energy energy NN 40119 132 25 from from IN 40119 132 26 one one CD 40119 132 27 place place NN 40119 132 28 to to IN 40119 132 29 another another DT 40119 132 30 by by IN 40119 132 31 wave wave NN 40119 132 32 - - HYPH 40119 132 33 motion motion NN 40119 132 34 . . . 40119 133 1 Some some DT 40119 133 2 of of IN 40119 133 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 133 4 waves wave NNS 40119 133 5 , , , 40119 133 6 such such JJ 40119 133 7 as as IN 40119 133 8 those those DT 40119 133 9 which which WDT 40119 133 10 proceed proceed VBP 40119 133 11 from from IN 40119 133 12 an an DT 40119 133 13 electric electric JJ 40119 133 14 - - HYPH 40119 133 15 light light NN 40119 133 16 dynamo dynamo NN 40119 133 17 , , , 40119 133 18 may may MD 40119 133 19 be be VB 40119 133 20 thousands thousand NNS 40119 133 21 of of IN 40119 133 22 miles mile NNS 40119 133 23 in in IN 40119 133 24 length length NN 40119 133 25 , , , 40119 133 26 others other NNS 40119 133 27 may may MD 40119 133 28 be be VB 40119 133 29 shorter short JJR 40119 133 30 than than IN 40119 133 31 a a DT 40119 133 32 millionth millionth NN 40119 133 33 of of IN 40119 133 34 an an DT 40119 133 35 inch inch NN 40119 133 36 , , , 40119 133 37 as as IN 40119 133 38 is be VBZ 40119 133 39 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 133 40 the the DT 40119 133 41 case case NN 40119 133 42 with with IN 40119 133 43 those those DT 40119 133 44 associated associate VBN 40119 133 45 with with IN 40119 133 46 Professor Professor NNP 40119 133 47 Röntgen Röntgen NNP 40119 133 48 's 's POS 40119 133 49 X X NNS 40119 133 50 - - NNS 40119 133 51 rays ray NNS 40119 133 52 ; ; : 40119 133 53 but but CC 40119 133 54 all all DT 40119 133 55 , , , 40119 133 56 so so RB 40119 133 57 far far RB 40119 133 58 as as IN 40119 133 59 is be VBZ 40119 133 60 known know VBN 40119 133 61 , , , 40119 133 62 are be VBP 40119 133 63 of of IN 40119 133 64 essentially essentially RB 40119 133 65 the the DT 40119 133 66 same same JJ 40119 133 67 character character NN 40119 133 68 , , , 40119 133 69 differing differ VBG 40119 133 70 from from IN 40119 133 71 one one CD 40119 133 72 another another DT 40119 133 73 only only RB 40119 133 74 as as IN 40119 133 75 the the DT 40119 133 76 billows billow NNS 40119 133 77 of of IN 40119 133 78 the the DT 40119 133 79 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 40119 133 80 differ differ VBP 40119 133 81 from from IN 40119 133 82 the the DT 40119 133 83 ripples ripple NNS 40119 133 84 on on IN 40119 133 85 the the DT 40119 133 86 surface surface NN 40119 133 87 of of IN 40119 133 88 a a DT 40119 133 89 pond pond NN 40119 133 90 . . . 40119 134 1 No no RB 40119 134 2 matter matter RB 40119 134 3 how how WRB 40119 134 4 the the DT 40119 134 5 disturbance disturbance NN 40119 134 6 is be VBZ 40119 134 7 first first RB 40119 134 8 set set VBN 40119 134 9 up up RP 40119 134 10 , , , 40119 134 11 whether whether IN 40119 134 12 by by IN 40119 134 13 the the DT 40119 134 14 sun sun NN 40119 134 15 , , , 40119 134 16 or or CC 40119 134 17 by by IN 40119 134 18 a a DT 40119 134 19 dynamo dynamo NN 40119 134 20 , , , 40119 134 21 or or CC 40119 134 22 by by IN 40119 134 23 a a DT 40119 134 24 warm warm JJ 40119 134 25 flat flat JJ 40119 134 26 - - HYPH 40119 134 27 iron iron NN 40119 134 28 , , , 40119 134 29 in in IN 40119 134 30 every every DT 40119 134 31 case case NN 40119 134 32 the the DT 40119 134 33 ether ether NN 40119 134 34 conveys convey VBZ 40119 134 35 nothing nothing NN 40119 134 36 at at RB 40119 134 37 all all RB 40119 134 38 but but IN 40119 134 39 the the DT 40119 134 40 energy energy NN 40119 134 41 of of IN 40119 134 42 wave wave NN 40119 134 43 - - HYPH 40119 134 44 motion motion NN 40119 134 45 , , , 40119 134 46 and and CC 40119 134 47 when when WRB 40119 134 48 the the DT 40119 134 49 waves wave NNS 40119 134 50 , , , 40119 134 51 encountering encounter VBG 40119 134 52 some some DT 40119 134 53 material material JJ 40119 134 54 obstacle obstacle NN 40119 134 55 which which WDT 40119 134 56 does do VBZ 40119 134 57 not not RB 40119 134 58 reflect reflect VB 40119 134 59 them -PRON- PRP 40119 134 60 , , , 40119 134 61 become become VBP 40119 134 62 quenched quench VBN 40119 134 63 , , , 40119 134 64 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 134 65 energy energy NN 40119 134 66 takes take VBZ 40119 134 67 another another DT 40119 134 68 form form NN 40119 134 69 , , , 40119 134 70 and and CC 40119 134 71 some some DT 40119 134 72 kind kind NN 40119 134 73 of of IN 40119 134 74 work work NN 40119 134 75 is be VBZ 40119 134 76 done do VBN 40119 134 77 , , , 40119 134 78 or or CC 40119 134 79 heat heat NN 40119 134 80 is be VBZ 40119 134 81 generated generate VBN 40119 134 82 in in IN 40119 134 83 the the DT 40119 134 84 obstacle obstacle NN 40119 134 85 . . . 40119 135 1 The the DT 40119 135 2 whole whole NN 40119 135 3 , , , 40119 135 4 or or CC 40119 135 5 at at IN 40119 135 6 least least JJS 40119 135 7 the the DT 40119 135 8 greater great JJR 40119 135 9 part part NN 40119 135 10 , , , 40119 135 11 of of IN 40119 135 12 the the DT 40119 135 13 energy energy NN 40119 135 14 given give VBN 40119 135 15 up up RP 40119 135 16 by by IN 40119 135 17 the the DT 40119 135 18 waves wave NNS 40119 135 19 is be VBZ 40119 135 20 in in IN 40119 135 21 most most JJS 40119 135 22 cases case NNS 40119 135 23 transformed transform VBN 40119 135 24 into into IN 40119 135 25 heat heat NN 40119 135 26 , , , 40119 135 27 but but CC 40119 135 28 under under IN 40119 135 29 special special JJ 40119 135 30 circumstances circumstance NNS 40119 135 31 , , , 40119 135 32 as as IN 40119 135 33 , , , 40119 135 34 for for IN 40119 135 35 instance instance NN 40119 135 36 , , , 40119 135 37 when when WRB 40119 135 38 the the DT 40119 135 39 waves wave NNS 40119 135 40 fall fall VBP 40119 135 41 upon upon IN 40119 135 42 a a DT 40119 135 43 green green JJ 40119 135 44 leaf leaf NN 40119 135 45 or or CC 40119 135 46 a a DT 40119 135 47 living live VBG 40119 135 48 eye eye NN 40119 135 49 , , , 40119 135 50 a a DT 40119 135 51 few few JJ 40119 135 52 of of IN 40119 135 53 them -PRON- PRP 40119 135 54 may may MD 40119 135 55 perform perform VB 40119 135 56 work work NN 40119 135 57 of of IN 40119 135 58 an an DT 40119 135 59 electrical electrical JJ 40119 135 60 or or CC 40119 135 61 chemical chemical JJ 40119 135 62 nature nature NN 40119 135 63 . . . 40119 136 1 The the DT 40119 136 2 process process NN 40119 136 3 of of IN 40119 136 4 the the DT 40119 136 5 transmission transmission NN 40119 136 6 of of IN 40119 136 7 energy energy NN 40119 136 8 from from IN 40119 136 9 one one CD 40119 136 10 body body NN 40119 136 11 to to IN 40119 136 12 another another DT 40119 136 13 by by IN 40119 136 14 propagation propagation NN 40119 136 15 through through IN 40119 136 16 an an DT 40119 136 17 intervening intervene VBG 40119 136 18 medium medium NN 40119 136 19 has have VBZ 40119 136 20 long long RB 40119 136 21 been be VBN 40119 136 22 spoken speak VBN 40119 136 23 of of IN 40119 136 24 as as IN 40119 136 25 " " `` 40119 136 26 radiation radiation NN 40119 136 27 , , , 40119 136 28 " " '' 40119 136 29 and and CC 40119 136 30 in in IN 40119 136 31 recent recent JJ 40119 136 32 years year NNS 40119 136 33 the the DT 40119 136 34 same same JJ 40119 136 35 term term NN 40119 136 36 has have VBZ 40119 136 37 been be VBN 40119 136 38 largely largely RB 40119 136 39 employed employ VBN 40119 136 40 to to TO 40119 136 41 denote denote VB 40119 136 42 the the DT 40119 136 43 energy energy NN 40119 136 44 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 136 45 while while IN 40119 136 46 in in IN 40119 136 47 the the DT 40119 136 48 stage stage NN 40119 136 49 of of IN 40119 136 50 transmission transmission NN 40119 136 51 . . . 40119 137 1 " " `` 40119 137 2 Radiation radiation NN 40119 137 3 " " '' 40119 137 4 in in IN 40119 137 5 the the DT 40119 137 6 latter latter JJ 40119 137 7 sense sense NN 40119 137 8 -- -- : 40119 137 9 meaning mean VBG 40119 137 10 ether ether NN 40119 137 11 wave wave NN 40119 137 12 - - HYPH 40119 137 13 energy energy NN 40119 137 14 -- -- : 40119 137 15 includes include VBZ 40119 137 16 what what WP 40119 137 17 is be VBZ 40119 137 18 often often RB 40119 137 19 improperly improperly RB 40119 137 20 called call VBN 40119 137 21 light light NN 40119 137 22 . . . 40119 138 1 Light light NN 40119 138 2 , , , 40119 138 3 people people NNS 40119 138 4 say say VBP 40119 138 5 , , , 40119 138 6 takes take VBZ 40119 138 7 about about RB 40119 138 8 eight eight CD 40119 138 9 minutes minute NNS 40119 138 10 in in IN 40119 138 11 travelling travel VBG 40119 138 12 from from IN 40119 138 13 the the DT 40119 138 14 sun sun NN 40119 138 15 to to IN 40119 138 16 the the DT 40119 138 17 earth earth NN 40119 138 18 . . . 40119 139 1 But but CC 40119 139 2 while while IN 40119 139 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 139 4 is be VBZ 40119 139 5 on on IN 40119 139 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 139 7 journey journey NN 40119 139 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 139 9 is be VBZ 40119 139 10 not not RB 40119 139 11 light light JJ 40119 139 12 in in IN 40119 139 13 the the DT 40119 139 14 true true JJ 40119 139 15 sense sense NN 40119 139 16 of of IN 40119 139 17 the the DT 40119 139 18 word word NN 40119 139 19 ; ; : 40119 139 20 neither neither CC 40119 139 21 does do VBZ 40119 139 22 anything anything NN 40119 139 23 of of IN 40119 139 24 the the DT 40119 139 25 nature nature NN 40119 139 26 of of IN 40119 139 27 light light NN 40119 139 28 ever ever RB 40119 139 29 start start VBP 40119 139 30 from from IN 40119 139 31 the the DT 40119 139 32 sun sun NN 40119 139 33 . . . 40119 140 1 Light light NN 40119 140 2 has have VBZ 40119 140 3 no no DT 40119 140 4 more more JJR 40119 140 5 existence existence NN 40119 140 6 in in IN 40119 140 7 nature nature NN 40119 140 8 outside outside IN 40119 140 9 a a DT 40119 140 10 living live VBG 40119 140 11 body body NN 40119 140 12 than than IN 40119 140 13 the the DT 40119 140 14 flavour flavour NN 40119 140 15 of of IN 40119 140 16 onions onion NNS 40119 140 17 has have VBZ 40119 140 18 ; ; : 40119 140 19 both both DT 40119 140 20 are be VBP 40119 140 21 merely merely RB 40119 140 22 sensations sensation NNS 40119 140 23 . . . 40119 141 1 If if IN 40119 141 2 a a DT 40119 141 3 boy boy NN 40119 141 4 throws throw VBZ 40119 141 5 a a DT 40119 141 6 stone stone NN 40119 141 7 which which WDT 40119 141 8 hits hit VBZ 40119 141 9 you -PRON- PRP 40119 141 10 in in IN 40119 141 11 the the DT 40119 141 12 face face NN 40119 141 13 , , , 40119 141 14 you -PRON- PRP 40119 141 15 feel feel VBP 40119 141 16 a a DT 40119 141 17 pain pain NN 40119 141 18 ; ; : 40119 141 19 but but CC 40119 141 20 you -PRON- PRP 40119 141 21 do do VBP 40119 141 22 not not RB 40119 141 23 say say VB 40119 141 24 that that IN 40119 141 25 it -PRON- PRP 40119 141 26 was be VBD 40119 141 27 a a DT 40119 141 28 pain pain NN 40119 141 29 which which WDT 40119 141 30 left leave VBD 40119 141 31 the the DT 40119 141 32 boy boy NN 40119 141 33 's 's POS 40119 141 34 hand hand NN 40119 141 35 and and CC 40119 141 36 travelled travel VBD 40119 141 37 through through IN 40119 141 38 space space NN 40119 141 39 from from IN 40119 141 40 him -PRON- PRP 40119 141 41 to to IN 40119 141 42 you -PRON- PRP 40119 141 43 . . . 40119 142 1 The the DT 40119 142 2 stone stone NN 40119 142 3 , , , 40119 142 4 instead instead RB 40119 142 5 of of IN 40119 142 6 causing cause VBG 40119 142 7 pain pain NN 40119 142 8 in in IN 40119 142 9 a a DT 40119 142 10 sentient sentient NN 40119 142 11 being be VBG 40119 142 12 , , , 40119 142 13 might may MD 40119 142 14 have have VB 40119 142 15 broken break VBN 40119 142 16 a a DT 40119 142 17 window window NN 40119 142 18 , , , 40119 142 19 or or CC 40119 142 20 knocked knock VBD 40119 142 21 down down RP 40119 142 22 an an DT 40119 142 23 apple apple NN 40119 142 24 . . . 40119 143 1 Just just RB 40119 143 2 so so RB 40119 143 3 , , , 40119 143 4 the the DT 40119 143 5 same same JJ 40119 143 6 radiation radiation NN 40119 143 7 which which WDT 40119 143 8 , , , 40119 143 9 when when WRB 40119 143 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 143 11 chances chance VBZ 40119 143 12 to to TO 40119 143 13 encounter encounter VB 40119 143 14 an an DT 40119 143 15 eye eye NN 40119 143 16 , , , 40119 143 17 produces produce VBZ 40119 143 18 a a DT 40119 143 19 certain certain JJ 40119 143 20 sensation sensation NN 40119 143 21 , , , 40119 143 22 will will MD 40119 143 23 produce produce VB 40119 143 24 a a DT 40119 143 25 chemical chemical JJ 40119 143 26 decomposition decomposition NN 40119 143 27 if if IN 40119 143 28 it -PRON- PRP 40119 143 29 falls fall VBZ 40119 143 30 upon upon IN 40119 143 31 a a DT 40119 143 32 cabbage cabbage NN 40119 143 33 , , , 40119 143 34 an an DT 40119 143 35 electrical electrical JJ 40119 143 36 effect effect NN 40119 143 37 in in IN 40119 143 38 a a DT 40119 143 39 selenium selenium NN 40119 143 40 cell cell NN 40119 143 41 , , , 40119 143 42 or or CC 40119 143 43 a a DT 40119 143 44 heating heating NN 40119 143 45 effect effect NN 40119 143 46 in in IN 40119 143 47 almost almost RB 40119 143 48 anything anything NN 40119 143 49 . . . 40119 144 1 Why why WRB 40119 144 2 , , , 40119 144 3 then then RB 40119 144 4 , , , 40119 144 5 should should MD 40119 144 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 144 7 be be VB 40119 144 8 specially specially RB 40119 144 9 identified identify VBN 40119 144 10 with with IN 40119 144 11 the the DT 40119 144 12 sensation sensation NN 40119 144 13 ? ? . 40119 145 1 " " `` 40119 145 2 Radiation Radiation NNP 40119 145 3 " " '' 40119 145 4 also also RB 40119 145 5 includes include VBZ 40119 145 6 , , , 40119 145 7 and and CC 40119 145 8 is be VBZ 40119 145 9 nearly nearly RB 40119 145 10 synonymous synonymous JJ 40119 145 11 with with IN 40119 145 12 , , , 40119 145 13 what what WP 40119 145 14 is be VBZ 40119 145 15 often often RB 40119 145 16 miscalled miscall VBN 40119 145 17 radiant radiant JJ 40119 145 18 heat heat NN 40119 145 19 . . . 40119 146 1 After after IN 40119 146 2 what what WP 40119 146 3 has have VBZ 40119 146 4 been be VBN 40119 146 5 already already RB 40119 146 6 indicated indicate VBN 40119 146 7 , , , 40119 146 8 I -PRON- PRP 40119 146 9 need need VBP 40119 146 10 hardly hardly RB 40119 146 11 say say VB 40119 146 12 that that IN 40119 146 13 there there EX 40119 146 14 is be VBZ 40119 146 15 no no DT 40119 146 16 such such JJ 40119 146 17 thing thing NN 40119 146 18 as as IN 40119 146 19 radiant radiant JJ 40119 146 20 heat heat NN 40119 146 21 . . . 40119 147 1 The the DT 40119 147 2 truth truth NN 40119 147 3 is be VBZ 40119 147 4 that that IN 40119 147 5 the the DT 40119 147 6 sun sun NN 40119 147 7 or or CC 40119 147 8 other other JJ 40119 147 9 hot hot JJ 40119 147 10 body body NN 40119 147 11 generates generate VBZ 40119 147 12 wave wave NN 40119 147 13 - - HYPH 40119 147 14 energy energy NN 40119 147 15 in in IN 40119 147 16 the the DT 40119 147 17 ether ether NN 40119 147 18 at at IN 40119 147 19 the the DT 40119 147 20 expense expense NN 40119 147 21 of of IN 40119 147 22 some some DT 40119 147 23 of of IN 40119 147 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 147 25 own own JJ 40119 147 26 heat heat NN 40119 147 27 , , , 40119 147 28 and and CC 40119 147 29 any any DT 40119 147 30 distant distant JJ 40119 147 31 substance substance NN 40119 147 32 which which WDT 40119 147 33 absorbs absorb VBZ 40119 147 34 a a DT 40119 147 35 portion portion NN 40119 147 36 of of IN 40119 147 37 this this DT 40119 147 38 energy energy NN 40119 147 39 generally generally RB 40119 147 40 ( ( -LRB- 40119 147 41 but but CC 40119 147 42 not not RB 40119 147 43 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 147 44 ) ) -RRB- 40119 147 45 acquires acquire VBZ 40119 147 46 an an DT 40119 147 47 equivalent equivalent JJ 40119 147 48 quantity quantity NN 40119 147 49 of of IN 40119 147 50 heat heat NN 40119 147 51 . . . 40119 148 1 The the DT 40119 148 2 _ _ NNP 40119 148 3 result result NN 40119 148 4 _ _ NNP 40119 148 5 may may MD 40119 148 6 be be VB 40119 148 7 exactly exactly RB 40119 148 8 the the DT 40119 148 9 same same JJ 40119 148 10 as as IN 40119 148 11 if if IN 40119 148 12 heat heat NN 40119 148 13 left leave VBD 40119 148 14 the the DT 40119 148 15 hot hot JJ 40119 148 16 body body NN 40119 148 17 and and CC 40119 148 18 travelled travel VBD 40119 148 19 across across IN 40119 148 20 space space NN 40119 148 21 to to IN 40119 148 22 the the DT 40119 148 23 substance substance NN 40119 148 24 ; ; : 40119 148 25 but but CC 40119 148 26 the the DT 40119 148 27 _ _ NNP 40119 148 28 process process NN 40119 148 29 _ _ NNP 40119 148 30 is be VBZ 40119 148 31 different different JJ 40119 148 32 . . . 40119 149 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 149 2 is be VBZ 40119 149 3 like like IN 40119 149 4 sending send VBG 40119 149 5 a a DT 40119 149 6 sovereign sovereign NN 40119 149 7 to to IN 40119 149 8 a a DT 40119 149 9 friend friend NN 40119 149 10 by by IN 40119 149 11 a a DT 40119 149 12 postal postal JJ 40119 149 13 order order NN 40119 149 14 . . . 40119 150 1 You -PRON- PRP 40119 150 2 part part NN 40119 150 3 with with IN 40119 150 4 a a DT 40119 150 5 sovereign sovereign NN 40119 150 6 and and CC 40119 150 7 he -PRON- PRP 40119 150 8 receives receive VBZ 40119 150 9 one one CD 40119 150 10 , , , 40119 150 11 but but CC 40119 150 12 the the DT 40119 150 13 piece piece NN 40119 150 14 of of IN 40119 150 15 paper paper NN 40119 150 16 which which WDT 40119 150 17 goes go VBZ 40119 150 18 through through IN 40119 150 19 the the DT 40119 150 20 post post NN 40119 150 21 is be VBZ 40119 150 22 not not RB 40119 150 23 a a DT 40119 150 24 sovereign sovereign NN 40119 150 25 . . . 40119 151 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 151 2 is be VBZ 40119 151 3 strictly strictly RB 40119 151 4 correct correct JJ 40119 151 5 to to TO 40119 151 6 say say VB 40119 151 7 that that IN 40119 151 8 the the DT 40119 151 9 sun sun NN 40119 151 10 loses lose VBZ 40119 151 11 heat heat NN 40119 151 12 by by IN 40119 151 13 radiation radiation NN 40119 151 14 , , , 40119 151 15 just just RB 40119 151 16 as as IN 40119 151 17 you -PRON- PRP 40119 151 18 lose lose VBP 40119 151 19 a a DT 40119 151 20 sovereign sovereign NN 40119 151 21 by by IN 40119 151 22 investing invest VBG 40119 151 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 151 24 in in IN 40119 151 25 the the DT 40119 151 26 purchase purchase NN 40119 151 27 of of IN 40119 151 28 a a DT 40119 151 29 postal postal JJ 40119 151 30 order order NN 40119 151 31 . . . 40119 152 1 But but CC 40119 152 2 that that DT 40119 152 3 is be VBZ 40119 152 4 not not RB 40119 152 5 the the DT 40119 152 6 same same JJ 40119 152 7 thing thing NN 40119 152 8 as as IN 40119 152 9 saying say VBG 40119 152 10 that that IN 40119 152 11 the the DT 40119 152 12 sun sun NN 40119 152 13 radiates radiate VBZ 40119 152 14 heat heat VBP 40119 152 15 . . . 40119 153 1 The the DT 40119 153 2 term term NN 40119 153 3 " " `` 40119 153 4 radiation radiation NN 40119 153 5 " " '' 40119 153 6 has have VBZ 40119 153 7 the the DT 40119 153 8 advantage advantage NN 40119 153 9 of of IN 40119 153 10 avoiding avoid VBG 40119 153 11 any any DT 40119 153 12 suggestion suggestion NN 40119 153 13 of of IN 40119 153 14 the the DT 40119 153 15 fallacy fallacy NN 40119 153 16 that that IN 40119 153 17 there there EX 40119 153 18 is be VBZ 40119 153 19 some some DT 40119 153 20 essential essential JJ 40119 153 21 difference difference NN 40119 153 22 in in IN 40119 153 23 the the DT 40119 153 24 nature nature NN 40119 153 25 of of IN 40119 153 26 the the DT 40119 153 27 ether ether NN 40119 153 28 - - HYPH 40119 153 29 waves wave NNS 40119 153 30 which which WDT 40119 153 31 may may MD 40119 153 32 happen happen VB 40119 153 33 to to TO 40119 153 34 terminate terminate VB 40119 153 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 153 36 respective respective JJ 40119 153 37 careers career NNS 40119 153 38 in in IN 40119 153 39 the the DT 40119 153 40 production production NN 40119 153 41 of of IN 40119 153 42 light light NN 40119 153 43 or or CC 40119 153 44 heat heat NN 40119 153 45 or or CC 40119 153 46 chemical chemical NN 40119 153 47 action action NN 40119 153 48 or or CC 40119 153 49 something something NN 40119 153 50 else else RB 40119 153 51 ; ; : 40119 153 52 but but CC 40119 153 53 it -PRON- PRP 40119 153 54 is be VBZ 40119 153 55 , , , 40119 153 56 unfortunately unfortunately RB 40119 153 57 , , , 40119 153 58 impossible impossible JJ 40119 153 59 in in IN 40119 153 60 the the DT 40119 153 61 present present JJ 40119 153 62 condition condition NN 40119 153 63 of of IN 40119 153 64 things thing NNS 40119 153 65 to to TO 40119 153 66 use use VB 40119 153 67 it -PRON- PRP 40119 153 68 as as RB 40119 153 69 freely freely RB 40119 153 70 as as IN 40119 153 71 one one PRP 40119 153 72 could could MD 40119 153 73 wish wish VB 40119 153 74 without without IN 40119 153 75 pedantry pedantry NN 40119 153 76 , , , 40119 153 77 and and CC 40119 153 78 we -PRON- PRP 40119 153 79 must must MD 40119 153 80 still still RB 40119 153 81 often often RB 40119 153 82 speak speak VB 40119 153 83 of of IN 40119 153 84 light light NN 40119 153 85 or or CC 40119 153 86 of of IN 40119 153 87 heat heat NN 40119 153 88 when when WRB 40119 153 89 radiation radiation NN 40119 153 90 would would MD 40119 153 91 express express VB 40119 153 92 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 153 93 meaning meaning NN 40119 153 94 with with IN 40119 153 95 greater great JJR 40119 153 96 accuracy accuracy NN 40119 153 97 . . . 40119 154 1 Light light NN 40119 154 2 , , , 40119 154 3 then then RB 40119 154 4 -- -- : 40119 154 5 to to TO 40119 154 6 use use VB 40119 154 7 the the DT 40119 154 8 term term NN 40119 154 9 unblushingly unblushingly RB 40119 154 10 in in IN 40119 154 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 154 12 objectionable objectionable JJ 40119 154 13 but but CC 40119 154 14 well well RB 40119 154 15 understood understand VBN 40119 154 16 sense sense NN 40119 154 17 -- -- : 40119 154 18 has have VBZ 40119 154 19 the the DT 40119 154 20 property property NN 40119 154 21 of of IN 40119 154 22 stimulating stimulate VBG 40119 154 23 certain certain JJ 40119 154 24 nerves nerve NNS 40119 154 25 which which WDT 40119 154 26 exist exist VBP 40119 154 27 in in IN 40119 154 28 many many JJ 40119 154 29 living live VBG 40119 154 30 beings being NNS 40119 154 31 , , , 40119 154 32 with with IN 40119 154 33 the the DT 40119 154 34 result result NN 40119 154 35 that that IN 40119 154 36 , , , 40119 154 37 in in IN 40119 154 38 some some DT 40119 154 39 unknown unknown JJ 40119 154 40 and and CC 40119 154 41 probably probably RB 40119 154 42 unknowable unknowable JJ 40119 154 43 manner manner NN 40119 154 44 , , , 40119 154 45 a a DT 40119 154 46 special special JJ 40119 154 47 sensation sensation NN 40119 154 48 is be VBZ 40119 154 49 called call VBN 40119 154 50 into into IN 40119 154 51 play play NN 40119 154 52 -- -- : 40119 154 53 the the DT 40119 154 54 sensation sensation NN 40119 154 55 of of IN 40119 154 56 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 154 57 . . . 40119 155 1 And and CC 40119 155 2 in in IN 40119 155 3 order order NN 40119 155 4 that that IN 40119 155 5 the the DT 40119 155 6 creature creature NN 40119 155 7 may may MD 40119 155 8 be be VB 40119 155 9 able able JJ 40119 155 10 not not RB 40119 155 11 only only RB 40119 155 12 to to TO 40119 155 13 perceive perceive VB 40119 155 14 light light NN 40119 155 15 but but CC 40119 155 16 also also RB 40119 155 17 to to TO 40119 155 18 see see VB 40119 155 19 things thing NNS 40119 155 20 , , , 40119 155 21 that that RB 40119 155 22 is is RB 40119 155 23 , , , 40119 155 24 to to TO 40119 155 25 appreciate appreciate VB 40119 155 26 the the DT 40119 155 27 forms form NNS 40119 155 28 of of IN 40119 155 29 external external JJ 40119 155 30 objects object NNS 40119 155 31 , , , 40119 155 32 it -PRON- PRP 40119 155 33 is be VBZ 40119 155 34 generally generally RB 40119 155 35 provided provide VBN 40119 155 36 with with IN 40119 155 37 an an DT 40119 155 38 optical optical JJ 40119 155 39 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 155 40 by by IN 40119 155 41 means mean NNS 40119 155 42 of of IN 40119 155 43 which which WDT 40119 155 44 the the DT 40119 155 45 incident incident NN 40119 155 46 light light NN 40119 155 47 is be VBZ 40119 155 48 suitably suitably RB 40119 155 49 distributed distribute VBN 40119 155 50 over over IN 40119 155 51 a a DT 40119 155 52 large large JJ 40119 155 53 number number NN 40119 155 54 of of IN 40119 155 55 independent independent JJ 40119 155 56 sensitive sensitive JJ 40119 155 57 elements element NNS 40119 155 58 . . . 40119 156 1 In in IN 40119 156 2 man man NN 40119 156 3 and and CC 40119 156 4 the the DT 40119 156 5 higher high JJR 40119 156 6 animals animal NNS 40119 156 7 the the DT 40119 156 8 optical optical JJ 40119 156 9 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 156 10 , , , 40119 156 11 or or CC 40119 156 12 eye eye NN 40119 156 13 , , , 40119 156 14 consists consist VBZ 40119 156 15 of of IN 40119 156 16 a a DT 40119 156 17 stiff stiff JJ 40119 156 18 globular globular JJ 40119 156 19 shell shell NN 40119 156 20 , , , 40119 156 21 having have VBG 40119 156 22 in in IN 40119 156 23 front front NN 40119 156 24 an an DT 40119 156 25 opening opening NN 40119 156 26 provided provide VBN 40119 156 27 with with IN 40119 156 28 a a DT 40119 156 29 system system NN 40119 156 30 of of IN 40119 156 31 lenses lense NNS 40119 156 32 , , , 40119 156 33 and and CC 40119 156 34 , , , 40119 156 35 at at IN 40119 156 36 the the DT 40119 156 37 back back NN 40119 156 38 of of IN 40119 156 39 the the DT 40119 156 40 interior interior NN 40119 156 41 , , , 40119 156 42 a a DT 40119 156 43 delicate delicate JJ 40119 156 44 perceptive perceptive JJ 40119 156 45 membrane membrane NN 40119 156 46 , , , 40119 156 47 upon upon IN 40119 156 48 which which WDT 40119 156 49 the the DT 40119 156 50 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 156 51 light light NN 40119 156 52 is be VBZ 40119 156 53 received receive VBN 40119 156 54 . . . 40119 157 1 So so RB 40119 157 2 much much JJ 40119 157 3 of of IN 40119 157 4 the the DT 40119 157 5 light light NN 40119 157 6 emitted emit VBD 40119 157 7 or or CC 40119 157 8 reflected reflect VBN 40119 157 9 from from IN 40119 157 10 an an DT 40119 157 11 external external JJ 40119 157 12 object object NN 40119 157 13 as as IN 40119 157 14 passes pass VBZ 40119 157 15 through through IN 40119 157 16 the the DT 40119 157 17 lenses lense NNS 40119 157 18 , , , 40119 157 19 is be VBZ 40119 157 20 distributed distribute VBN 40119 157 21 by by IN 40119 157 22 them -PRON- PRP 40119 157 23 in in IN 40119 157 24 such such PDT 40119 157 25 a a DT 40119 157 26 manner manner NN 40119 157 27 as as IN 40119 157 28 to to TO 40119 157 29 form form VB 40119 157 30 what what WP 40119 157 31 is be VBZ 40119 157 32 called call VBN 40119 157 33 an an DT 40119 157 34 " " `` 40119 157 35 image image NN 40119 157 36 " " '' 40119 157 37 upon upon IN 40119 157 38 the the DT 40119 157 39 membrane membrane NN 40119 157 40 , , , 40119 157 41 every every DT 40119 157 42 elementary elementary JJ 40119 157 43 point point NN 40119 157 44 of of IN 40119 157 45 the the DT 40119 157 46 image image NN 40119 157 47 receiving receive VBG 40119 157 48 the the DT 40119 157 49 light light NN 40119 157 50 which which WDT 40119 157 51 issues issue NNS 40119 157 52 from from IN 40119 157 53 a a DT 40119 157 54 corresponding corresponding JJ 40119 157 55 point point NN 40119 157 56 of of IN 40119 157 57 the the DT 40119 157 58 object object NN 40119 157 59 , , , 40119 157 60 and and CC 40119 157 61 no no DT 40119 157 62 other other JJ 40119 157 63 . . . 40119 158 1 The the DT 40119 158 2 contrivance contrivance NN 40119 158 3 evidently evidently RB 40119 158 4 bears bear VBZ 40119 158 5 a a DT 40119 158 6 close close JJ 40119 158 7 resemblance resemblance NN 40119 158 8 to to IN 40119 158 9 a a DT 40119 158 10 photographic photographic JJ 40119 158 11 camera camera NN 40119 158 12 , , , 40119 158 13 the the DT 40119 158 14 sensitive sensitive JJ 40119 158 15 plate plate NN 40119 158 16 or or CC 40119 158 17 film film NN 40119 158 18 , , , 40119 158 19 upon upon IN 40119 158 20 which which WDT 40119 158 21 the the DT 40119 158 22 picture picture NN 40119 158 23 is be VBZ 40119 158 24 projected project VBN 40119 158 25 , , , 40119 158 26 being be VBG 40119 158 27 analogous analogous JJ 40119 158 28 to to IN 40119 158 29 the the DT 40119 158 30 perceptive perceptive JJ 40119 158 31 membrane membrane NN 40119 158 32 . . . 40119 159 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 159 2 am be VBP 40119 159 3 not not RB 40119 159 4 going go VBG 40119 159 5 to to TO 40119 159 6 attempt attempt VB 40119 159 7 a a DT 40119 159 8 detailed detailed JJ 40119 159 9 description description NN 40119 159 10 of of IN 40119 159 11 the the DT 40119 159 12 human human JJ 40119 159 13 eye eye NN 40119 159 14 . . . 40119 160 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 160 2 will will MD 40119 160 3 be be VB 40119 160 4 sufficient sufficient JJ 40119 160 5 to to TO 40119 160 6 point point VB 40119 160 7 out out RP 40119 160 8 briefly briefly RB 40119 160 9 some some DT 40119 160 10 of of IN 40119 160 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 160 12 principal principal JJ 40119 160 13 features feature NNS 40119 160 14 as as IN 40119 160 15 indicated indicate VBN 40119 160 16 in in IN 40119 160 17 the the DT 40119 160 18 annexed annex VBN 40119 160 19 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 40119 160 20 section section NN 40119 160 21 , , , 40119 160 22 Fig Fig NNP 40119 160 23 . . . 40119 161 1 2 2 LS 40119 161 2 . . . 40119 162 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 162 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 162 3 : : : 40119 162 4 _ _ NNP 40119 162 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 162 6 . . . 40119 163 1 2.--Diagram 2.--diagram CD 40119 163 2 of of IN 40119 163 3 the the DT 40119 163 4 Eye Eye NNP 40119 163 5 . . . 40119 163 6 _ _ NNP 40119 163 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 163 8 The the DT 40119 163 9 opening opening NN 40119 163 10 in in IN 40119 163 11 front front NN 40119 163 12 of of IN 40119 163 13 the the DT 40119 163 14 globe globe NN 40119 163 15 is be VBZ 40119 163 16 covered cover VBN 40119 163 17 by by IN 40119 163 18 a a DT 40119 163 19 slightly slightly RB 40119 163 20 protuberant protuberant JJ 40119 163 21 transparent transparent JJ 40119 163 22 medium medium NN 40119 163 23 C C NNP 40119 163 24 , , , 40119 163 25 which which WDT 40119 163 26 is be VBZ 40119 163 27 shaped shape VBN 40119 163 28 like like IN 40119 163 29 a a DT 40119 163 30 small small JJ 40119 163 31 watch watch NN 40119 163 32 - - HYPH 40119 163 33 glass glass NN 40119 163 34 , , , 40119 163 35 and and CC 40119 163 36 on on IN 40119 163 37 account account NN 40119 163 38 of of IN 40119 163 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 163 40 horn horn NN 40119 163 41 - - HYPH 40119 163 42 like like JJ 40119 163 43 structure structure NN 40119 163 44 has have VBZ 40119 163 45 been be VBN 40119 163 46 named name VBN 40119 163 47 the the DT 40119 163 48 _ _ NNP 40119 163 49 cornea cornea NN 40119 163 50 _ _ NNP 40119 163 51 . . . 40119 164 1 The the DT 40119 164 2 space space NN 40119 164 3 between between IN 40119 164 4 the the DT 40119 164 5 cornea cornea JJ 40119 164 6 C C NNP 40119 164 7 and and CC 40119 164 8 the the DT 40119 164 9 body body NN 40119 164 10 marked mark VBD 40119 164 11 L L NNP 40119 164 12 is be VBZ 40119 164 13 filled fill VBN 40119 164 14 with with IN 40119 164 15 a a DT 40119 164 16 watery watery JJ 40119 164 17 liquid liquid NN 40119 164 18 A a NN 40119 164 19 , , , 40119 164 20 known know VBN 40119 164 21 as as IN 40119 164 22 the the DT 40119 164 23 aqueous aqueous JJ 40119 164 24 humour humour NN 40119 164 25 : : : 40119 164 26 this this DT 40119 164 27 liquid liquid NN 40119 164 28 with with IN 40119 164 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 164 30 curved curved JJ 40119 164 31 surfaces surface NNS 40119 164 32 constitutes constitute VBZ 40119 164 33 a a DT 40119 164 34 meniscus meniscus JJ 40119 164 35 lens lens NN 40119 164 36 , , , 40119 164 37 convex convex NNS 40119 164 38 on on IN 40119 164 39 the the DT 40119 164 40 outer outer JJ 40119 164 41 side side NN 40119 164 42 and and CC 40119 164 43 concave concave NNP 40119 164 44 on on IN 40119 164 45 the the DT 40119 164 46 inner inner JJ 40119 164 47 . . . 40119 165 1 Then then RB 40119 165 2 comes come VBZ 40119 165 3 the the DT 40119 165 4 biconvex biconvex NNP 40119 165 5 _ _ NNP 40119 165 6 crystalline crystalline NN 40119 165 7 lens lens NN 40119 165 8 _ _ NNP 40119 165 9 L L NNP 40119 165 10 , , , 40119 165 11 an an DT 40119 165 12 elastic elastic JJ 40119 165 13 gelatinous gelatinous JJ 40119 165 14 - - HYPH 40119 165 15 looking look VBG 40119 165 16 solid solid JJ 40119 165 17 , , , 40119 165 18 which which WDT 40119 165 19 is be VBZ 40119 165 20 easily easily RB 40119 165 21 distorted distort VBN 40119 165 22 by by IN 40119 165 23 pressure pressure NN 40119 165 24 . . . 40119 166 1 The the DT 40119 166 2 convexity convexity NN 40119 166 3 of of IN 40119 166 4 this this DT 40119 166 5 lens lens NN 40119 166 6 can can MD 40119 166 7 be be VB 40119 166 8 varied vary VBN 40119 166 9 by by IN 40119 166 10 the the DT 40119 166 11 action action NN 40119 166 12 of of IN 40119 166 13 a a DT 40119 166 14 surrounding surround VBG 40119 166 15 muscle muscle NN 40119 166 16 M M NNP 40119 166 17 M M NNP 40119 166 18 , , , 40119 166 19 and and CC 40119 166 20 in in IN 40119 166 21 this this DT 40119 166 22 way way NN 40119 166 23 the the DT 40119 166 24 focus focus NN 40119 166 25 is be VBZ 40119 166 26 adjusted adjust VBN 40119 166 27 for for IN 40119 166 28 objects object NNS 40119 166 29 at at IN 40119 166 30 different different JJ 40119 166 31 distances distance NNS 40119 166 32 from from IN 40119 166 33 the the DT 40119 166 34 eye eye NN 40119 166 35 . . . 40119 167 1 When when WRB 40119 167 2 the the DT 40119 167 3 muscle muscle NN 40119 167 4 is be VBZ 40119 167 5 relaxed relaxed JJ 40119 167 6 and and CC 40119 167 7 the the DT 40119 167 8 lens lens NN 40119 167 9 in in IN 40119 167 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 167 11 natural natural JJ 40119 167 12 condition condition NN 40119 167 13 , , , 40119 167 14 the the DT 40119 167 15 curvature curvature NN 40119 167 16 of of IN 40119 167 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 167 18 surfaces surface NNS 40119 167 19 is be VBZ 40119 167 20 such such JJ 40119 167 21 that that IN 40119 167 22 a a DT 40119 167 23 sharp sharp JJ 40119 167 24 image image NN 40119 167 25 is be VBZ 40119 167 26 formed form VBN 40119 167 27 of of IN 40119 167 28 objects object NNS 40119 167 29 distant distant JJ 40119 167 30 about about RB 40119 167 31 forty forty CD 40119 167 32 feet foot NNS 40119 167 33 and and CC 40119 167 34 upwards upward NNS 40119 167 35 . . . 40119 168 1 When when WRB 40119 168 2 by by IN 40119 168 3 an an DT 40119 168 4 effort effort NN 40119 168 5 of of IN 40119 168 6 will will NN 40119 168 7 , , , 40119 168 8 the the DT 40119 168 9 muscle muscle NN 40119 168 10 is be VBZ 40119 168 11 contracted contract VBN 40119 168 12 , , , 40119 168 13 the the DT 40119 168 14 lens lens NN 40119 168 15 becomes become VBZ 40119 168 16 more more JJR 40119 168 17 convex convex NNS 40119 168 18 , , , 40119 168 19 and and CC 40119 168 20 distinct distinct JJ 40119 168 21 pictures picture NNS 40119 168 22 can can MD 40119 168 23 thus thus RB 40119 168 24 be be VB 40119 168 25 focussed focusse VBN 40119 168 26 of of IN 40119 168 27 things thing NNS 40119 168 28 which which WDT 40119 168 29 are be VBP 40119 168 30 only only RB 40119 168 31 a a DT 40119 168 32 few few JJ 40119 168 33 inches inch NNS 40119 168 34 away away RB 40119 168 35 . . . 40119 169 1 This this DT 40119 169 2 process process NN 40119 169 3 of of IN 40119 169 4 adjustment adjustment NN 40119 169 5 by by IN 40119 169 6 muscular muscular JJ 40119 169 7 effort effort NN 40119 169 8 is be VBZ 40119 169 9 technically technically RB 40119 169 10 known know VBN 40119 169 11 as as IN 40119 169 12 " " `` 40119 169 13 accommodation accommodation NN 40119 169 14 . . . 40119 169 15 " " '' 40119 170 1 The the DT 40119 170 2 remainder remainder NN 40119 170 3 of of IN 40119 170 4 the the DT 40119 170 5 globe globe NN 40119 170 6 is be VBZ 40119 170 7 filled fill VBN 40119 170 8 with with IN 40119 170 9 the the DT 40119 170 10 so so RB 40119 170 11 - - HYPH 40119 170 12 called call VBN 40119 170 13 _ _ NNP 40119 170 14 vitreous vitreous JJ 40119 170 15 body body NN 40119 170 16 _ _ NNP 40119 170 17 V V NNP 40119 170 18 , , , 40119 170 19 which which WDT 40119 170 20 derives derive VBZ 40119 170 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 170 22 name name NN 40119 170 23 from from IN 40119 170 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 170 25 fancied fancy VBN 40119 170 26 resemblance resemblance NN 40119 170 27 to to IN 40119 170 28 liquid liquid JJ 40119 170 29 glass glass NN 40119 170 30 : : : 40119 170 31 it -PRON- PRP 40119 170 32 might may MD 40119 170 33 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 170 34 be be VB 40119 170 35 more more RBR 40119 170 36 properly properly RB 40119 170 37 likened liken VBN 40119 170 38 to to IN 40119 170 39 a a DT 40119 170 40 thin thin JJ 40119 170 41 colourless colourless NN 40119 170 42 jelly jelly NNP 40119 170 43 . . . 40119 171 1 The the DT 40119 171 2 vitreous vitreous JJ 40119 171 3 body body NN 40119 171 4 plays play VBZ 40119 171 5 a a DT 40119 171 6 part part NN 40119 171 7 in in IN 40119 171 8 the the DT 40119 171 9 refraction refraction NN 40119 171 10 of of IN 40119 171 11 the the DT 40119 171 12 light light NN 40119 171 13 . . . 40119 172 1 The the DT 40119 172 2 perceptive perceptive JJ 40119 172 3 membrane membrane NN 40119 172 4 , , , 40119 172 5 or or CC 40119 172 6 _ _ NNP 40119 172 7 retina retina NNP 40119 172 8 _ _ NNP 40119 172 9 R R NNP 40119 172 10 R R NNP 40119 172 11 , , , 40119 172 12 which which WDT 40119 172 13 lines line NNS 40119 172 14 rather rather RB 40119 172 15 more more JJR 40119 172 16 than than IN 40119 172 17 half half PDT 40119 172 18 the the DT 40119 172 19 interior interior NN 40119 172 20 of of IN 40119 172 21 the the DT 40119 172 22 eye eye NN 40119 172 23 - - HYPH 40119 172 24 ball ball NN 40119 172 25 , , , 40119 172 26 is be VBZ 40119 172 27 an an DT 40119 172 28 exceedingly exceedingly RB 40119 172 29 complex complex JJ 40119 172 30 structure structure NN 40119 172 31 . . . 40119 173 1 Though though IN 40119 173 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 173 3 average average JJ 40119 173 4 thickness thickness NN 40119 173 5 is be VBZ 40119 173 6 less less JJR 40119 173 7 than than IN 40119 173 8 1/100 1/100 CD 40119 173 9 inch inch NN 40119 173 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 173 11 is be VBZ 40119 173 12 known know VBN 40119 173 13 to to TO 40119 173 14 consist consist VB 40119 173 15 of of IN 40119 173 16 nine nine CD 40119 173 17 distinct distinct JJ 40119 173 18 layers layer NNS 40119 173 19 , , , 40119 173 20 most most JJS 40119 173 21 of of IN 40119 173 22 which which WDT 40119 173 23 are be VBP 40119 173 24 marvels marvel NNS 40119 173 25 of of IN 40119 173 26 minute minute NN 40119 173 27 intricacy intricacy NN 40119 173 28 . . . 40119 174 1 Of of IN 40119 174 2 these these DT 40119 174 3 layers layer NNS 40119 174 4 I -PRON- PRP 40119 174 5 shall shall MD 40119 174 6 notice notice VB 40119 174 7 only only RB 40119 174 8 two two CD 40119 174 9 , , , 40119 174 10 the the DT 40119 174 11 so so RB 40119 174 12 - - HYPH 40119 174 13 called call VBN 40119 174 14 _ _ NNP 40119 174 15 bacillary bacillary JJ 40119 174 16 layer layer NN 40119 174 17 _ _ NNP 40119 174 18 , , , 40119 174 19 which which WDT 40119 174 20 is be VBZ 40119 174 21 in in IN 40119 174 22 immediate immediate JJ 40119 174 23 contact contact NN 40119 174 24 with with IN 40119 174 25 the the DT 40119 174 26 inner inner JJ 40119 174 27 coating coating NN 40119 174 28 of of IN 40119 174 29 the the DT 40119 174 30 eye eye NN 40119 174 31 - - HYPH 40119 174 32 ball ball NN 40119 174 33 , , , 40119 174 34 and and CC 40119 174 35 the the DT 40119 174 36 _ _ NNP 40119 174 37 fibrous fibrous JJ 40119 174 38 layer layer NN 40119 174 39 _ _ NNP 40119 174 40 , , , 40119 174 41 or or CC 40119 174 42 layer layer NN 40119 174 43 of of IN 40119 174 44 optic optic JJ 40119 174 45 nerve nerve NN 40119 174 46 fibres fibre NNS 40119 174 47 , , , 40119 174 48 which which WDT 40119 174 49 is be VBZ 40119 174 50 only only RB 40119 174 51 separated separate VBN 40119 174 52 from from IN 40119 174 53 the the DT 40119 174 54 vitreous vitreous JJ 40119 174 55 body body NN 40119 174 56 by by IN 40119 174 57 a a DT 40119 174 58 thin thin JJ 40119 174 59 protective protective JJ 40119 174 60 film film NN 40119 174 61 . . . 40119 175 1 The the DT 40119 175 2 bacillary bacillary JJ 40119 175 3 layer layer NN 40119 175 4 ( ( -LRB- 40119 175 5 from from IN 40119 175 6 _ _ NNP 40119 175 7 bacillum bacillum NN 40119 175 8 _ _ NNP 40119 175 9 , , , 40119 175 10 a a DT 40119 175 11 wand wand NN 40119 175 12 ) ) -RRB- 40119 175 13 consists consist VBZ 40119 175 14 of of IN 40119 175 15 a a DT 40119 175 16 vast vast JJ 40119 175 17 assemblage assemblage NN 40119 175 18 of of IN 40119 175 19 little little JJ 40119 175 20 elongated elongated JJ 40119 175 21 bodies body NNS 40119 175 22 called call VBD 40119 175 23 _ _ NNP 40119 175 24 rods rod NNS 40119 175 25 _ _ NNP 40119 175 26 and and CC 40119 175 27 _ _ NNP 40119 175 28 cones cones NNP 40119 175 29 _ _ NNP 40119 175 30 , , , 40119 175 31 which which WDT 40119 175 32 are be VBP 40119 175 33 placed place VBN 40119 175 34 side side NN 40119 175 35 by by IN 40119 175 36 side side NN 40119 175 37 and and CC 40119 175 38 set set VBD 40119 175 39 perpendicularly perpendicularly RB 40119 175 40 to to IN 40119 175 41 the the DT 40119 175 42 surfaces surface NNS 40119 175 43 of of IN 40119 175 44 the the DT 40119 175 45 retina retina NNP 40119 175 46 , , , 40119 175 47 or or CC 40119 175 48 in in IN 40119 175 49 other other JJ 40119 175 50 words word NNS 40119 175 51 , , , 40119 175 52 radially radially RB 40119 175 53 to to IN 40119 175 54 the the DT 40119 175 55 eye eye NN 40119 175 56 - - HYPH 40119 175 57 ball ball NN 40119 175 58 . . . 40119 176 1 Let let VB 40119 176 2 us -PRON- PRP 40119 176 3 try try VB 40119 176 4 to to TO 40119 176 5 make make VB 40119 176 6 the the DT 40119 176 7 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 176 8 clear clear JJ 40119 176 9 by by IN 40119 176 10 an an DT 40119 176 11 illustration illustration NN 40119 176 12 . . . 40119 177 1 Imagine imagine VB 40119 177 2 a a DT 40119 177 3 small small JJ 40119 177 4 portion portion NN 40119 177 5 of of IN 40119 177 6 the the DT 40119 177 7 inner inner JJ 40119 177 8 surface surface NN 40119 177 9 of of IN 40119 177 10 the the DT 40119 177 11 eye eye NN 40119 177 12 - - HYPH 40119 177 13 ball ball NN 40119 177 14 , , , 40119 177 15 one one CD 40119 177 16 - - HYPH 40119 177 17 tenth tenth NN 40119 177 18 of of IN 40119 177 19 an an DT 40119 177 20 inch inch NN 40119 177 21 square square NN 40119 177 22 , , , 40119 177 23 to to TO 40119 177 24 be be VB 40119 177 25 magnified magnify VBN 40119 177 26 2000 2000 CD 40119 177 27 diameters diameter NNS 40119 177 28 ( ( -LRB- 40119 177 29 four four CD 40119 177 30 million million CD 40119 177 31 times time NNS 40119 177 32 ) ) -RRB- 40119 177 33 , , , 40119 177 34 and and CC 40119 177 35 let let VB 40119 177 36 the the DT 40119 177 37 enlarged enlarged JJ 40119 177 38 area area NN 40119 177 39 be be VB 40119 177 40 represented represent VBN 40119 177 41 by by IN 40119 177 42 the the DT 40119 177 43 floor floor NN 40119 177 44 of of IN 40119 177 45 a a DT 40119 177 46 room room NN 40119 177 47 17 17 CD 40119 177 48 feet foot NNS 40119 177 49 square square JJ 40119 177 50 . . . 40119 178 1 Procure procure VB 40119 178 2 a a DT 40119 178 3 quantity quantity NN 40119 178 4 of of IN 40119 178 5 cedar cedar NN 40119 178 6 pencils pencil NNS 40119 178 7 , , , 40119 178 8 and and CC 40119 178 9 set set VBD 40119 178 10 them -PRON- PRP 40119 178 11 on on IN 40119 178 12 the the DT 40119 178 13 floor floor NN 40119 178 14 in in IN 40119 178 15 an an DT 40119 178 16 upright upright JJ 40119 178 17 position position NN 40119 178 18 and and CC 40119 178 19 very very RB 40119 178 20 close close RB 40119 178 21 to to IN 40119 178 22 one one CD 40119 178 23 another another DT 40119 178 24 . . . 40119 179 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 179 2 will will MD 40119 179 3 be be VB 40119 179 4 found find VBN 40119 179 5 that that IN 40119 179 6 the the DT 40119 179 7 number number NN 40119 179 8 of of IN 40119 179 9 pencils pencil NNS 40119 179 10 required require VBN 40119 179 11 to to TO 40119 179 12 fill fill VB 40119 179 13 the the DT 40119 179 14 space space NN 40119 179 15 will will MD 40119 179 16 be be VB 40119 179 17 about about RB 40119 179 18 half half PDT 40119 179 19 - - HYPH 40119 179 20 a a DT 40119 179 21 - - HYPH 40119 179 22 million million CD 40119 179 23 . . . 40119 180 1 To to TO 40119 180 2 make make VB 40119 180 3 the the DT 40119 180 4 analogy analogy NN 40119 180 5 more more RBR 40119 180 6 complete complete JJ 40119 180 7 , , , 40119 180 8 let let VB 40119 180 9 some some DT 40119 180 10 of of IN 40119 180 11 the the DT 40119 180 12 pencils pencil NNS 40119 180 13 be be VB 40119 180 14 sharpened sharpen VBN 40119 180 15 to to IN 40119 180 16 a a DT 40119 180 17 long long JJ 40119 180 18 tapering tapering NN 40119 180 19 point point NN 40119 180 20 at at IN 40119 180 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 180 22 lower low JJR 40119 180 23 ends end NNS 40119 180 24 , , , 40119 180 25 the the DT 40119 180 26 greater great JJR 40119 180 27 number number NN 40119 180 28 remaining remain VBG 40119 180 29 uncut uncut JJ 40119 180 30 , , , 40119 180 31 just just RB 40119 180 32 as as IN 40119 180 33 received receive VBN 40119 180 34 from from IN 40119 180 35 the the DT 40119 180 36 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 40119 180 37 . . . 40119 181 1 Neglecting neglecting JJ 40119 181 2 details detail NNS 40119 181 3 which which WDT 40119 181 4 are be VBP 40119 181 5 immaterial immaterial JJ 40119 181 6 for for IN 40119 181 7 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 181 8 present present JJ 40119 181 9 purpose purpose NN 40119 181 10 , , , 40119 181 11 we -PRON- PRP 40119 181 12 may may MD 40119 181 13 regard regard VB 40119 181 14 the the DT 40119 181 15 uncut uncut JJ 40119 181 16 pencils pencil NNS 40119 181 17 as as IN 40119 181 18 representing represent VBG 40119 181 19 upon upon IN 40119 181 20 an an DT 40119 181 21 enormously enormously RB 40119 181 22 magnified magnify VBN 40119 181 23 scale scale NN 40119 181 24 the the DT 40119 181 25 rods rod NNS 40119 181 26 of of IN 40119 181 27 the the DT 40119 181 28 retina retina NNP 40119 181 29 , , , 40119 181 30 and and CC 40119 181 31 the the DT 40119 181 32 pointed pointed JJ 40119 181 33 ones one NNS 40119 181 34 the the DT 40119 181 35 cones cone NNS 40119 181 36 . . . 40119 182 1 The the DT 40119 182 2 flat flat JJ 40119 182 3 upper upper JJ 40119 182 4 ends end NNS 40119 182 5 of of IN 40119 182 6 the the DT 40119 182 7 pencils pencil NNS 40119 182 8 may may MD 40119 182 9 be be VB 40119 182 10 painted paint VBN 40119 182 11 in in IN 40119 182 12 different different JJ 40119 182 13 uniform uniform JJ 40119 182 14 colours colour NNS 40119 182 15 , , , 40119 182 16 and and CC 40119 182 17 arranged arrange VBD 40119 182 18 so so IN 40119 182 19 as as IN 40119 182 20 to to TO 40119 182 21 form form VB 40119 182 22 a a DT 40119 182 23 large large JJ 40119 182 24 picture picture NN 40119 182 25 in in IN 40119 182 26 mosaic mosaic NNP 40119 182 27 , , , 40119 182 28 and and CC 40119 182 29 if if IN 40119 182 30 this this DT 40119 182 31 is be VBZ 40119 182 32 looked look VBN 40119 182 33 at at IN 40119 182 34 from from IN 40119 182 35 such such PDT 40119 182 36 a a DT 40119 182 37 distance distance NN 40119 182 38 that that IN 40119 182 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 182 40 image image NN 40119 182 41 on on IN 40119 182 42 the the DT 40119 182 43 retina retina NNP 40119 182 44 is be VBZ 40119 182 45 a a DT 40119 182 46 tenth tenth NN 40119 182 47 of of IN 40119 182 48 an an DT 40119 182 49 inch inch NN 40119 182 50 square square NN 40119 182 51 ( ( -LRB- 40119 182 52 which which WDT 40119 182 53 will will MD 40119 182 54 be be VB 40119 182 55 the the DT 40119 182 56 case case NN 40119 182 57 when when WRB 40119 182 58 the the DT 40119 182 59 picture picture NN 40119 182 60 is be VBZ 40119 182 61 about about RB 40119 182 62 forty forty CD 40119 182 63 yards yard NNS 40119 182 64 away away RB 40119 182 65 ) ) -RRB- 40119 182 66 all all DT 40119 182 67 possibility possibility NN 40119 182 68 of of IN 40119 182 69 distinguishing distinguish VBG 40119 182 70 the the DT 40119 182 71 separate separate JJ 40119 182 72 elements element NNS 40119 182 73 which which WDT 40119 182 74 compose compose VBP 40119 182 75 it -PRON- PRP 40119 182 76 will will MD 40119 182 77 be be VB 40119 182 78 lost lose VBN 40119 182 79 , , , 40119 182 80 and and CC 40119 182 81 the the DT 40119 182 82 picture picture NN 40119 182 83 will will MD 40119 182 84 seem seem VB 40119 182 85 to to TO 40119 182 86 be be VB 40119 182 87 a a DT 40119 182 88 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 182 89 continuous continuous JJ 40119 182 90 one one CD 40119 182 91 . . . 40119 183 1 Although although IN 40119 183 2 the the DT 40119 183 3 light light NN 40119 183 4 which which WDT 40119 183 5 enters enter VBZ 40119 183 6 the the DT 40119 183 7 eye eye NN 40119 183 8 can can MD 40119 183 9 not not RB 40119 183 10 reach reach VB 40119 183 11 the the DT 40119 183 12 rods rod NNS 40119 183 13 and and CC 40119 183 14 cones cone NNS 40119 183 15 until until IN 40119 183 16 it -PRON- PRP 40119 183 17 has have VBZ 40119 183 18 traversed traverse VBN 40119 183 19 all all PDT 40119 183 20 the the DT 40119 183 21 other other JJ 40119 183 22 layers layer NNS 40119 183 23 of of IN 40119 183 24 the the DT 40119 183 25 retina retina NNP 40119 183 26 , , , 40119 183 27 yet yet CC 40119 183 28 these these DT 40119 183 29 intervening intervene VBG 40119 183 30 layers layer NNS 40119 183 31 , , , 40119 183 32 being be VBG 40119 183 33 transparent transparent JJ 40119 183 34 , , , 40119 183 35 offer offer VBP 40119 183 36 little little JJ 40119 183 37 obstruction obstruction NN 40119 183 38 to to IN 40119 183 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 183 40 passage passage NN 40119 183 41 , , , 40119 183 42 and and CC 40119 183 43 it -PRON- PRP 40119 183 44 can can MD 40119 183 45 hardly hardly RB 40119 183 46 be be VB 40119 183 47 doubted doubt VBN 40119 183 48 that that IN 40119 183 49 the the DT 40119 183 50 rods rod NNS 40119 183 51 and and CC 40119 183 52 cones cone NNS 40119 183 53 are be VBP 40119 183 54 the the DT 40119 183 55 special special JJ 40119 183 56 organs organ NNS 40119 183 57 upon upon IN 40119 183 58 which which WDT 40119 183 59 light light NN 40119 183 60 exerts exert VBZ 40119 183 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 183 62 action action NN 40119 183 63 , , , 40119 183 64 the the DT 40119 183 65 picture picture NN 40119 183 66 focussed focusse VBN 40119 183 67 upon upon IN 40119 183 68 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 183 69 ends end NNS 40119 183 70 being be VBG 40119 183 71 in in IN 40119 183 72 truth truth NN 40119 183 73 an an DT 40119 183 74 exceedingly exceedingly JJ 40119 183 75 fine fine JJ 40119 183 76 mosaic mosaic NNP 40119 183 77 . . . 40119 184 1 From from IN 40119 184 2 every every DT 40119 184 3 separate separate JJ 40119 184 4 element element NN 40119 184 5 of of IN 40119 184 6 the the DT 40119 184 7 mosaic mosaic JJ 40119 184 8 -- -- : 40119 184 9 from from IN 40119 184 10 every every DT 40119 184 11 single single JJ 40119 184 12 rod rod NN 40119 184 13 and and CC 40119 184 14 cone cone NN 40119 184 15 -- -- : 40119 184 16 there there EX 40119 184 17 proceeds proceed VBZ 40119 184 18 a a DT 40119 184 19 slender slend JJR 40119 184 20 transparent transparent JJ 40119 184 21 filament filament NN 40119 184 22 : : : 40119 184 23 all all PDT 40119 184 24 these these DT 40119 184 25 make make VBP 40119 184 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 184 27 way way NN 40119 184 28 through through IN 40119 184 29 the the DT 40119 184 30 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 184 31 layers layer NNS 40119 184 32 of of IN 40119 184 33 the the DT 40119 184 34 retina retina NNP 40119 184 35 , , , 40119 184 36 without without IN 40119 184 37 , , , 40119 184 38 as as IN 40119 184 39 is be VBZ 40119 184 40 believed believe VBN 40119 184 41 , , , 40119 184 42 any any DT 40119 184 43 break break NN 40119 184 44 of of IN 40119 184 45 functional functional JJ 40119 184 46 continuity continuity NN 40119 184 47 , , , 40119 184 48 and and CC 40119 184 49 emerge emerge VB 40119 184 50 near near IN 40119 184 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 184 52 internal internal JJ 40119 184 53 surface surface NN 40119 184 54 ; ; : 40119 184 55 here here RB 40119 184 56 they -PRON- PRP 40119 184 57 bend bend VBP 40119 184 58 over over RP 40119 184 59 at at IN 40119 184 60 right right JJ 40119 184 61 angles angle NNS 40119 184 62 , , , 40119 184 63 and and CC 40119 184 64 the the DT 40119 184 65 thousands thousand NNS 40119 184 66 of of IN 40119 184 67 filaments filament NNS 40119 184 68 form form VBP 40119 184 69 a a DT 40119 184 70 tangle tangle NN 40119 184 71 which which WDT 40119 184 72 lines line VBZ 40119 184 73 the the DT 40119 184 74 inside inside NN 40119 184 75 of of IN 40119 184 76 the the DT 40119 184 77 eye eye NN 40119 184 78 like like IN 40119 184 79 a a DT 40119 184 80 fine fine JJ 40119 184 81 network network NN 40119 184 82 , , , 40119 184 83 and and CC 40119 184 84 constitute constitute VB 40119 184 85 the the DT 40119 184 86 layer layer NN 40119 184 87 of of IN 40119 184 88 optic optic JJ 40119 184 89 nerve nerve NN 40119 184 90 - - HYPH 40119 184 91 fibres fibre NNS 40119 184 92 already already RB 40119 184 93 referred refer VBD 40119 184 94 to to IN 40119 184 95 . . . 40119 185 1 The the DT 40119 185 2 filaments filament NNS 40119 185 3 , , , 40119 185 4 or or CC 40119 185 5 nerve nerve NN 40119 185 6 - - HYPH 40119 185 7 fibres fibre NNS 40119 185 8 , , , 40119 185 9 do do VBP 40119 185 10 not not RB 40119 185 11 however however RB 40119 185 12 terminate terminate VB 40119 185 13 within within IN 40119 185 14 the the DT 40119 185 15 eye eye NN 40119 185 16 ; ; : 40119 185 17 they -PRON- PRP 40119 185 18 all all DT 40119 185 19 pass pass VBP 40119 185 20 through through IN 40119 185 21 the the DT 40119 185 22 hole hole NN 40119 185 23 marked mark VBN 40119 185 24 N n NN 40119 185 25 in in IN 40119 185 26 the the DT 40119 185 27 figure figure NN 40119 185 28 , , , 40119 185 29 and and CC 40119 185 30 thence thence NN 40119 185 31 , , , 40119 185 32 in in IN 40119 185 33 the the DT 40119 185 34 form form NN 40119 185 35 of of IN 40119 185 36 a a DT 40119 185 37 many many JJ 40119 185 38 - - HYPH 40119 185 39 stranded strand VBN 40119 185 40 cable cable NN 40119 185 41 , , , 40119 185 42 constituting constitute VBG 40119 185 43 the the DT 40119 185 44 _ _ NNP 40119 185 45 optic optic JJ 40119 185 46 nerve nerve NN 40119 185 47 _ _ NNP 40119 185 48 , , , 40119 185 49 they -PRON- PRP 40119 185 50 are be VBP 40119 185 51 led lead VBN 40119 185 52 to to IN 40119 185 53 the the DT 40119 185 54 brain brain NN 40119 185 55 , , , 40119 185 56 to to TO 40119 185 57 which which WDT 40119 185 58 each each DT 40119 185 59 individual individual JJ 40119 185 60 fibre fibre NN 40119 185 61 is be VBZ 40119 185 62 separately separately RB 40119 185 63 attached attach VBN 40119 185 64 . . . 40119 186 1 If if IN 40119 186 2 , , , 40119 186 3 therefore therefore RB 40119 186 4 , , , 40119 186 5 what what WP 40119 186 6 I -PRON- PRP 40119 186 7 have have VBP 40119 186 8 said say VBN 40119 186 9 is be VBZ 40119 186 10 true true JJ 40119 186 11 -- -- : 40119 186 12 and and CC 40119 186 13 , , , 40119 186 14 though though IN 40119 186 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 186 16 has have VBZ 40119 186 17 not not RB 40119 186 18 , , , 40119 186 19 I -PRON- PRP 40119 186 20 believe believe VBP 40119 186 21 , , , 40119 186 22 been be VBN 40119 186 23 all all DT 40119 186 24 rigorously rigorously RB 40119 186 25 proved prove VBN 40119 186 26 , , , 40119 186 27 yet yet CC 40119 186 28 the the DT 40119 186 29 evidence evidence NN 40119 186 30 in in IN 40119 186 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 186 32 support support NN 40119 186 33 is be VBZ 40119 186 34 exceedingly exceedingly RB 40119 186 35 cogent cogent JJ 40119 186 36 -- -- : 40119 186 37 it -PRON- PRP 40119 186 38 follows follow VBZ 40119 186 39 that that IN 40119 186 40 every every DT 40119 186 41 one one CD 40119 186 42 of of IN 40119 186 43 the the DT 40119 186 44 multitude multitude NN 40119 186 45 of of IN 40119 186 46 rods rod NNS 40119 186 47 and and CC 40119 186 48 cones cone NNS 40119 186 49 has have VBZ 40119 186 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 186 51 own own JJ 40119 186 52 independent independent JJ 40119 186 53 line line NN 40119 186 54 of of IN 40119 186 55 communication communication NN 40119 186 56 with with IN 40119 186 57 the the DT 40119 186 58 brain brain NN 40119 186 59 . . . 40119 187 1 The the DT 40119 187 2 mind mind NN 40119 187 3 , , , 40119 187 4 which which WDT 40119 187 5 is be VBZ 40119 187 6 mysteriously mysteriously RB 40119 187 7 connected connect VBN 40119 187 8 with with IN 40119 187 9 the the DT 40119 187 10 brain brain NN 40119 187 11 , , , 40119 187 12 is be VBZ 40119 187 13 thus thus RB 40119 187 14 afforded afford VBN 40119 187 15 the the DT 40119 187 16 means mean NNS 40119 187 17 of of IN 40119 187 18 localising localise VBG 40119 187 19 all all PDT 40119 187 20 the the DT 40119 187 21 points point NNS 40119 187 22 of of IN 40119 187 23 luminous luminous JJ 40119 187 24 excitation excitation NN 40119 187 25 relatively relatively RB 40119 187 26 to to IN 40119 187 27 one one CD 40119 187 28 another another DT 40119 187 29 , , , 40119 187 30 and and CC 40119 187 31 furnished furnish VBN 40119 187 32 with with IN 40119 187 33 data datum NNS 40119 187 34 for for IN 40119 187 35 estimating estimate VBG 40119 187 36 the the DT 40119 187 37 form form NN 40119 187 38 of of IN 40119 187 39 the the DT 40119 187 40 object object NN 40119 187 41 from from IN 40119 187 42 which which WDT 40119 187 43 the the DT 40119 187 44 light light NN 40119 187 45 proceeds proceed VBZ 40119 187 46 . . . 40119 188 1 There there EX 40119 188 2 are be VBP 40119 188 3 two two CD 40119 188 4 small small JJ 40119 188 5 regions region NNS 40119 188 6 of of IN 40119 188 7 the the DT 40119 188 8 retina retina NNP 40119 188 9 which which WDT 40119 188 10 are be VBP 40119 188 11 of of IN 40119 188 12 special special JJ 40119 188 13 interest interest NN 40119 188 14 . . . 40119 189 1 One one CD 40119 189 2 of of IN 40119 189 3 them -PRON- PRP 40119 189 4 lies lie VBZ 40119 189 5 just just RB 40119 189 6 over over IN 40119 189 7 the the DT 40119 189 8 opening opening NN 40119 189 9 N n CD 40119 189 10 where where WRB 40119 189 11 the the DT 40119 189 12 optic optic JJ 40119 189 13 nerve nerve NN 40119 189 14 enters enter VBZ 40119 189 15 . . . 40119 190 1 Here here RB 40119 190 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 190 3 is be VBZ 40119 190 4 evident evident JJ 40119 190 5 that that IN 40119 190 6 there there EX 40119 190 7 can can MD 40119 190 8 be be VB 40119 190 9 no no DT 40119 190 10 rods rod NNS 40119 190 11 and and CC 40119 190 12 cones cone NNS 40119 190 13 , , , 40119 190 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 190 15 place place NN 40119 190 16 being be VBG 40119 190 17 wholly wholly RB 40119 190 18 occupied occupy VBN 40119 190 19 by by IN 40119 190 20 strands strand NNS 40119 190 21 of of IN 40119 190 22 nerve nerve NN 40119 190 23 - - HYPH 40119 190 24 fibre fibre NN 40119 190 25 . . . 40119 191 1 Now now RB 40119 191 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 191 3 is be VBZ 40119 191 4 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 191 5 that that IN 40119 191 6 this this DT 40119 191 7 spot spot NN 40119 191 8 is be VBZ 40119 191 9 totally totally RB 40119 191 10 insensitive insensitive JJ 40119 191 11 to to IN 40119 191 12 light light NN 40119 191 13 . . . 40119 192 1 The the DT 40119 192 2 other other JJ 40119 192 3 interesting interesting JJ 40119 192 4 portion portion NN 40119 192 5 is be VBZ 40119 192 6 situated situate VBN 40119 192 7 opposite opposite IN 40119 192 8 the the DT 40119 192 9 middle middle NN 40119 192 10 of of IN 40119 192 11 the the DT 40119 192 12 front front JJ 40119 192 13 opening opening NN 40119 192 14 , , , 40119 192 15 and and CC 40119 192 16 is be VBZ 40119 192 17 marked mark VBN 40119 192 18 by by IN 40119 192 19 a a DT 40119 192 20 small small JJ 40119 192 21 yellow yellow JJ 40119 192 22 patch patch NN 40119 192 23 , , , 40119 192 24 in in IN 40119 192 25 the the DT 40119 192 26 centre centre NN 40119 192 27 of of IN 40119 192 28 which which WDT 40119 192 29 is be VBZ 40119 192 30 a a DT 40119 192 31 depression depression NN 40119 192 32 or or CC 40119 192 33 pit pit NN 40119 192 34 , , , 40119 192 35 which which WDT 40119 192 36 is be VBZ 40119 192 37 shown show VBN 40119 192 38 in in IN 40119 192 39 an an DT 40119 192 40 exaggerated exaggerated JJ 40119 192 41 form form NN 40119 192 42 at at IN 40119 192 43 F F NNP 40119 192 44 , , , 40119 192 45 and and CC 40119 192 46 is be VBZ 40119 192 47 called call VBN 40119 192 48 the the DT 40119 192 49 _ _ NNP 40119 192 50 fovea fovea NN 40119 192 51 _ _ NNP 40119 192 52 . . . 40119 193 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 193 2 has have VBZ 40119 193 3 been be VBN 40119 193 4 ascertained ascertain VBN 40119 193 5 that that IN 40119 193 6 the the DT 40119 193 7 depression depression NN 40119 193 8 is be VBZ 40119 193 9 due due JJ 40119 193 10 partly partly RB 40119 193 11 to to IN 40119 193 12 the the DT 40119 193 13 absence absence NN 40119 193 14 of of IN 40119 193 15 the the DT 40119 193 16 layer layer NN 40119 193 17 of of IN 40119 193 18 nerve nerve NN 40119 193 19 - - HYPH 40119 193 20 fibres fibre NNS 40119 193 21 , , , 40119 193 22 which which WDT 40119 193 23 are be VBP 40119 193 24 here here RB 40119 193 25 bent bent JJ 40119 193 26 aside aside RB 40119 193 27 out out IN 40119 193 28 of of IN 40119 193 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 193 30 natural natural JJ 40119 193 31 course course NN 40119 193 32 , , , 40119 193 33 and and CC 40119 193 34 partly partly RB 40119 193 35 to to IN 40119 193 36 a a DT 40119 193 37 local local JJ 40119 193 38 reduction reduction NN 40119 193 39 in in IN 40119 193 40 the the DT 40119 193 41 thickness thickness NN 40119 193 42 of of IN 40119 193 43 some some DT 40119 193 44 of of IN 40119 193 45 the the DT 40119 193 46 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 193 47 retinal retinal JJ 40119 193 48 layers layer NNS 40119 193 49 . . . 40119 194 1 This this DT 40119 194 2 spot spot NN 40119 194 3 , , , 40119 194 4 being be VBG 40119 194 5 at at IN 40119 194 6 the the DT 40119 194 7 centre centre NN 40119 194 8 of of IN 40119 194 9 the the DT 40119 194 10 field field NN 40119 194 11 of of IN 40119 194 12 vision vision NN 40119 194 13 , , , 40119 194 14 occupies occupy VBZ 40119 194 15 a a DT 40119 194 16 position position NN 40119 194 17 of of IN 40119 194 18 great great JJ 40119 194 19 importance importance NN 40119 194 20 , , , 40119 194 21 and and CC 40119 194 22 the the DT 40119 194 23 evident evident JJ 40119 194 24 purpose purpose NN 40119 194 25 of of IN 40119 194 26 the the DT 40119 194 27 superficial superficial JJ 40119 194 28 depression depression NN 40119 194 29 is be VBZ 40119 194 30 to to TO 40119 194 31 allow allow VB 40119 194 32 the the DT 40119 194 33 light light NN 40119 194 34 to to TO 40119 194 35 reach reach VB 40119 194 36 the the DT 40119 194 37 underlying underlie VBG 40119 194 38 bacillary bacillary JJ 40119 194 39 layer layer NN 40119 194 40 with with IN 40119 194 41 as as RB 40119 194 42 little little JJ 40119 194 43 obstruction obstruction NN 40119 194 44 as as IN 40119 194 45 possible possible JJ 40119 194 46 . . . 40119 195 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 195 2 is be VBZ 40119 195 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 40119 195 4 that that IN 40119 195 5 the the DT 40119 195 6 bacillary bacillary JJ 40119 195 7 layer layer NN 40119 195 8 beneath beneath IN 40119 195 9 the the DT 40119 195 10 yellow yellow JJ 40119 195 11 spot spot NN 40119 195 12 is be VBZ 40119 195 13 composed compose VBN 40119 195 14 entirely entirely RB 40119 195 15 of of IN 40119 195 16 cones cone NNS 40119 195 17 , , , 40119 195 18 the the DT 40119 195 19 rods rod NNS 40119 195 20 , , , 40119 195 21 which which WDT 40119 195 22 elsewhere elsewhere RB 40119 195 23 are be VBP 40119 195 24 in in IN 40119 195 25 excess excess NN 40119 195 26 , , , 40119 195 27 being be VBG 40119 195 28 altogether altogether RB 40119 195 29 wanting want VBG 40119 195 30 . . . 40119 196 1 The the DT 40119 196 2 only only JJ 40119 196 3 other other JJ 40119 196 4 accessory accessory NN 40119 196 5 of of IN 40119 196 6 the the DT 40119 196 7 visual visual JJ 40119 196 8 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 196 9 to to TO 40119 196 10 which which WDT 40119 196 11 I -PRON- PRP 40119 196 12 shall shall MD 40119 196 13 refer refer VB 40119 196 14 is be VBZ 40119 196 15 the the DT 40119 196 16 _ _ NNP 40119 196 17 iris iris NNP 40119 196 18 _ _ NNP 40119 196 19 ( ( -LRB- 40119 196 20 I -PRON- PRP 40119 196 21 I i NN 40119 196 22 , , , 40119 196 23 Fig Fig NNP 40119 196 24 . . . 40119 197 1 2 2 LS 40119 197 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 197 3 , , , 40119 197 4 a a DT 40119 197 5 coloured coloured JJ 40119 197 6 disk disk NN 40119 197 7 having have VBG 40119 197 8 a a DT 40119 197 9 central central JJ 40119 197 10 perforation perforation NN 40119 197 11 . . . 40119 198 1 This this DT 40119 198 2 can can MD 40119 198 3 be be VB 40119 198 4 seen see VBN 40119 198 5 through through IN 40119 198 6 the the DT 40119 198 7 cornea cornea NN 40119 198 8 and and CC 40119 198 9 is be VBZ 40119 198 10 consequently consequently RB 40119 198 11 a a DT 40119 198 12 very very RB 40119 198 13 familiar familiar JJ 40119 198 14 object object NN 40119 198 15 . . . 40119 199 1 The the DT 40119 199 2 iris iris NN 40119 199 3 serves serve VBZ 40119 199 4 the the DT 40119 199 5 same same JJ 40119 199 6 purpose purpose NN 40119 199 7 as as IN 40119 199 8 the the DT 40119 199 9 stop stop NN 40119 199 10 , , , 40119 199 11 or or CC 40119 199 12 diaphragm diaphragm JJ 40119 199 13 , , , 40119 199 14 of of IN 40119 199 15 a a DT 40119 199 16 photographic photographic JJ 40119 199 17 lens lens NN 40119 199 18 , , , 40119 199 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 199 20 function function NN 40119 199 21 being be VBG 40119 199 22 to to TO 40119 199 23 limit limit VB 40119 199 24 and and CC 40119 199 25 regulate regulate VB 40119 199 26 the the DT 40119 199 27 quantity quantity NN 40119 199 28 of of IN 40119 199 29 light light NN 40119 199 30 which which WDT 40119 199 31 is be VBZ 40119 199 32 admitted admit VBN 40119 199 33 into into IN 40119 199 34 the the DT 40119 199 35 eye eye NN 40119 199 36 . . . 40119 200 1 The the DT 40119 200 2 size size NN 40119 200 3 of of IN 40119 200 4 the the DT 40119 200 5 central central JJ 40119 200 6 opening opening NN 40119 200 7 , , , 40119 200 8 or or CC 40119 200 9 _ _ NNP 40119 200 10 pupil pupil NN 40119 200 11 _ _ NNP 40119 200 12 , , , 40119 200 13 varies vary VBZ 40119 200 14 automatically automatically RB 40119 200 15 with with IN 40119 200 16 the the DT 40119 200 17 intensity intensity NN 40119 200 18 of of IN 40119 200 19 the the DT 40119 200 20 illumination illumination NN 40119 200 21 : : : 40119 200 22 in in IN 40119 200 23 a a DT 40119 200 24 strong strong JJ 40119 200 25 light light NN 40119 200 26 the the DT 40119 200 27 opening opening NN 40119 200 28 becomes become VBZ 40119 200 29 small small JJ 40119 200 30 ; ; : 40119 200 31 in in IN 40119 200 32 a a DT 40119 200 33 feeble feeble JJ 40119 200 34 light light NN 40119 200 35 or or CC 40119 200 36 in in IN 40119 200 37 darkness darkness NN 40119 200 38 it -PRON- PRP 40119 200 39 is be VBZ 40119 200 40 enlarged enlarge VBN 40119 200 41 . . . 40119 201 1 The the DT 40119 201 2 pupil pupil NN 40119 201 3 also also RB 40119 201 4 contracts contract VBZ 40119 201 5 when when WRB 40119 201 6 the the DT 40119 201 7 eye eye NN 40119 201 8 is be VBZ 40119 201 9 focussed focusse VBN 40119 201 10 upon upon IN 40119 201 11 a a DT 40119 201 12 near near JJ 40119 201 13 object object NN 40119 201 14 and and CC 40119 201 15 dilates dilate VBZ 40119 201 16 when when WRB 40119 201 17 the the DT 40119 201 18 vision vision NN 40119 201 19 is be VBZ 40119 201 20 directed direct VBN 40119 201 21 to to IN 40119 201 22 a a DT 40119 201 23 distance distance NN 40119 201 24 . . . 40119 202 1 This this DT 40119 202 2 brief brief JJ 40119 202 3 sketch sketch NN 40119 202 4 may may MD 40119 202 5 serve serve VB 40119 202 6 to to TO 40119 202 7 give give VB 40119 202 8 some some DT 40119 202 9 slight slight JJ 40119 202 10 idea idea NN 40119 202 11 of of IN 40119 202 12 the the DT 40119 202 13 complexity complexity NN 40119 202 14 and and CC 40119 202 15 delicacy delicacy NN 40119 202 16 of of IN 40119 202 17 the the DT 40119 202 18 visual visual JJ 40119 202 19 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 202 20 . . . 40119 203 1 Only only RB 40119 203 2 a a DT 40119 203 3 few few JJ 40119 203 4 of of IN 40119 203 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 203 6 more more JJR 40119 203 7 salient salient NN 40119 203 8 features feature NNS 40119 203 9 have have VBP 40119 203 10 been be VBN 40119 203 11 touched touch VBN 40119 203 12 upon upon IN 40119 203 13 ; ; : 40119 203 14 when when WRB 40119 203 15 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 203 16 scrutiny scrutiny NN 40119 203 17 is be VBZ 40119 203 18 carried carry VBN 40119 203 19 into into IN 40119 203 20 details detail NNS 40119 203 21 the the DT 40119 203 22 complexity complexity NN 40119 203 23 becomes become VBZ 40119 203 24 bewildering bewilder VBG 40119 203 25 . . . 40119 204 1 Even even RB 40119 204 2 such such JJ 40119 204 3 simple simple JJ 40119 204 4 - - HYPH 40119 204 5 looking look VBG 40119 204 6 things thing NNS 40119 204 7 as as IN 40119 204 8 the the DT 40119 204 9 cornea cornea NN 40119 204 10 and and CC 40119 204 11 the the DT 40119 204 12 vitreous vitreous JJ 40119 204 13 body body NN 40119 204 14 turn turn VB 40119 204 15 out out RP 40119 204 16 on on IN 40119 204 17 close close JJ 40119 204 18 examination examination NN 40119 204 19 to to TO 40119 204 20 be be VB 40119 204 21 most most RBS 40119 204 22 elaborately elaborately RB 40119 204 23 constituted constituted JJ 40119 204 24 . . . 40119 205 1 Much much JJ 40119 205 2 , , , 40119 205 3 no no RB 40119 205 4 doubt doubt RB 40119 205 5 , , , 40119 205 6 remains remain VBZ 40119 205 7 to to TO 40119 205 8 be be VB 40119 205 9 discovered discover VBN 40119 205 10 , , , 40119 205 11 and and CC 40119 205 12 of of IN 40119 205 13 what what WP 40119 205 14 has have VBZ 40119 205 15 already already RB 40119 205 16 been be VBN 40119 205 17 investigated investigate VBN 40119 205 18 much much JJ 40119 205 19 is be VBZ 40119 205 20 at at IN 40119 205 21 present present JJ 40119 205 22 only only RB 40119 205 23 partially partially RB 40119 205 24 understood understand VBN 40119 205 25 . . . 40119 206 1 And and CC 40119 206 2 yet yet RB 40119 206 3 , , , 40119 206 4 though though IN 40119 206 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 206 6 is be VBZ 40119 206 7 true true JJ 40119 206 8 that that IN 40119 206 9 man man NN 40119 206 10 is be VBZ 40119 206 11 " " `` 40119 206 12 fearfully fearfully RB 40119 206 13 and and CC 40119 206 14 wonderfully wonderfully RB 40119 206 15 made make VBN 40119 206 16 , , , 40119 206 17 " " '' 40119 206 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 206 19 is be VBZ 40119 206 20 equally equally RB 40119 206 21 true true JJ 40119 206 22 that that IN 40119 206 23 he -PRON- PRP 40119 206 24 is be VBZ 40119 206 25 far far RB 40119 206 26 from from IN 40119 206 27 perfect perfect JJ 40119 206 28 ; ; : 40119 206 29 and and CC 40119 206 30 while while IN 40119 206 31 there there EX 40119 206 32 is be VBZ 40119 206 33 no no DT 40119 206 34 structure structure NN 40119 206 35 in in IN 40119 206 36 the the DT 40119 206 37 whole whole JJ 40119 206 38 human human JJ 40119 206 39 anatomy anatomy NN 40119 206 40 which which WDT 40119 206 41 exhibits exhibit VBZ 40119 206 42 so so RB 40119 206 43 abundant abundant JJ 40119 206 44 a a DT 40119 206 45 profusion profusion NN 40119 206 46 of of IN 40119 206 47 marvels marvel NNS 40119 206 48 as as IN 40119 206 49 the the DT 40119 206 50 eye eye NN 40119 206 51 , , , 40119 206 52 there there EX 40119 206 53 is be VBZ 40119 206 54 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 206 55 none none NN 40119 206 56 which which WDT 40119 206 57 is be VBZ 40119 206 58 marked mark VBN 40119 206 59 with with IN 40119 206 60 imperfections imperfection NNS 40119 206 61 so so RB 40119 206 62 striking striking JJ 40119 206 63 . . . 40119 207 1 Many many JJ 40119 207 2 of of IN 40119 207 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 207 4 defects defect NNS 40119 207 5 are be VBP 40119 207 6 the the DT 40119 207 7 more more RBR 40119 207 8 striking striking JJ 40119 207 9 because because IN 40119 207 10 they -PRON- PRP 40119 207 11 are be VBP 40119 207 12 so so RB 40119 207 13 obvious obvious JJ 40119 207 14 , , , 40119 207 15 being be VBG 40119 207 16 such such JJ 40119 207 17 as as IN 40119 207 18 would would MD 40119 207 19 never never RB 40119 207 20 be be VB 40119 207 21 tolerated tolerate VBN 40119 207 22 in in IN 40119 207 23 optical optical JJ 40119 207 24 instruments instrument NNS 40119 207 25 of of IN 40119 207 26 human human JJ 40119 207 27 manufacture manufacture NN 40119 207 28 . . . 40119 208 1 In in IN 40119 208 2 any any DT 40119 208 3 fairly fairly RB 40119 208 4 good good JJ 40119 208 5 camera camera NN 40119 208 6 or or CC 40119 208 7 telescope telescope NN 40119 208 8 or or CC 40119 208 9 microscope microscope VB 40119 208 10 we -PRON- PRP 40119 208 11 should should MD 40119 208 12 expect expect VB 40119 208 13 to to TO 40119 208 14 find find VB 40119 208 15 that that IN 40119 208 16 the the DT 40119 208 17 lenses lense NNS 40119 208 18 were be VBD 40119 208 19 symmetrically symmetrically RB 40119 208 20 figured figure VBN 40119 208 21 , , , 40119 208 22 free free JJ 40119 208 23 from from IN 40119 208 24 striæ striæ NN 40119 208 25 and and CC 40119 208 26 properly properly RB 40119 208 27 centred centre VBN 40119 208 28 ; ; : 40119 208 29 also also RB 40119 208 30 that that IN 40119 208 31 they -PRON- PRP 40119 208 32 were be VBD 40119 208 33 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 208 34 and and CC 40119 208 35 efficiently efficiently RB 40119 208 36 corrected correct VBN 40119 208 37 for for IN 40119 208 38 spherical spherical JJ 40119 208 39 aberration aberration NN 40119 208 40 . . . 40119 209 1 In in IN 40119 209 2 the the DT 40119 209 3 eye eye NN 40119 209 4 not not RB 40119 209 5 one one CD 40119 209 6 of of IN 40119 209 7 these these DT 40119 209 8 elementary elementary JJ 40119 209 9 requirements requirement NNS 40119 209 10 is be VBZ 40119 209 11 fulfilled fulfil VBN 40119 209 12 . . . 40119 210 1 The the DT 40119 210 2 external external JJ 40119 210 3 surface surface NN 40119 210 4 of of IN 40119 210 5 the the DT 40119 210 6 lens lens NN 40119 210 7 formed form VBN 40119 210 8 by by IN 40119 210 9 the the DT 40119 210 10 aqueous aqueous JJ 40119 210 11 humour humour NN 40119 210 12 and and CC 40119 210 13 the the DT 40119 210 14 cornea cornea NN 40119 210 15 is be VBZ 40119 210 16 not not RB 40119 210 17 a a DT 40119 210 18 surface surface NN 40119 210 19 of of IN 40119 210 20 revolution revolution NN 40119 210 21 , , , 40119 210 22 such such JJ 40119 210 23 as as IN 40119 210 24 would would MD 40119 210 25 be be VB 40119 210 26 fashioned fashion VBN 40119 210 27 by by IN 40119 210 28 a a DT 40119 210 29 turning turn VBG 40119 210 30 lathe lathe NN 40119 210 31 or or CC 40119 210 32 a a DT 40119 210 33 lens lens NN 40119 210 34 - - HYPH 40119 210 35 grinding grind VBG 40119 210 36 machine machine NN 40119 210 37 ; ; : 40119 210 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 210 39 curvature curvature NN 40119 210 40 is be VBZ 40119 210 41 greater great JJR 40119 210 42 in in IN 40119 210 43 a a DT 40119 210 44 vertical vertical JJ 40119 210 45 than than IN 40119 210 46 in in IN 40119 210 47 a a DT 40119 210 48 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 210 49 direction direction NN 40119 210 50 , , , 40119 210 51 and and CC 40119 210 52 the the DT 40119 210 53 distinctness distinctness NN 40119 210 54 of of IN 40119 210 55 the the DT 40119 210 56 focussed focusse VBN 40119 210 57 image image NN 40119 210 58 is be VBZ 40119 210 59 consequently consequently RB 40119 210 60 impaired impaired JJ 40119 210 61 . . . 40119 211 1 Again again RB 40119 211 2 , , , 40119 211 3 the the DT 40119 211 4 crystalline crystalline NN 40119 211 5 lens lens NN 40119 211 6 is be VBZ 40119 211 7 constructed construct VBN 40119 211 8 of of IN 40119 211 9 a a DT 40119 211 10 number number NN 40119 211 11 of of IN 40119 211 12 separate separate JJ 40119 211 13 portions portion NNS 40119 211 14 which which WDT 40119 211 15 are be VBP 40119 211 16 imperfectly imperfectly RB 40119 211 17 joined join VBN 40119 211 18 together together RB 40119 211 19 . . . 40119 212 1 Striæ striæ NN 40119 212 2 occur occur VB 40119 212 3 along along IN 40119 212 4 the the DT 40119 212 5 junctions junction NNS 40119 212 6 , , , 40119 212 7 and and CC 40119 212 8 the the DT 40119 212 9 light light NN 40119 212 10 which which WDT 40119 212 11 traverses traverse VBZ 40119 212 12 them -PRON- PRP 40119 212 13 , , , 40119 212 14 instead instead RB 40119 212 15 of of IN 40119 212 16 being be VBG 40119 212 17 uniformly uniformly RB 40119 212 18 refracted refract VBN 40119 212 19 , , , 40119 212 20 is be VBZ 40119 212 21 scattered scatter VBN 40119 212 22 irregularly irregularly RB 40119 212 23 . . . 40119 213 1 Moreover moreover RB 40119 213 2 the the DT 40119 213 3 system system NN 40119 213 4 of of IN 40119 213 5 lenses lense NNS 40119 213 6 is be VBZ 40119 213 7 not not RB 40119 213 8 centred centre VBN 40119 213 9 upon upon IN 40119 213 10 a a DT 40119 213 11 common common JJ 40119 213 12 axis axis NN 40119 213 13 ; ; : 40119 213 14 neither neither CC 40119 213 15 is be VBZ 40119 213 16 it -PRON- PRP 40119 213 17 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 213 18 , , , 40119 213 19 while while IN 40119 213 20 the the DT 40119 213 21 means mean NNS 40119 213 22 employed employ VBN 40119 213 23 for for IN 40119 213 24 correcting correct VBG 40119 213 25 spherical spherical JJ 40119 213 26 aberration aberration NN 40119 213 27 are be VBP 40119 213 28 inadequate inadequate JJ 40119 213 29 . . . 40119 214 1 The the DT 40119 214 2 purchaser purchaser NN 40119 214 3 of of IN 40119 214 4 an an DT 40119 214 5 optical optical JJ 40119 214 6 instrument instrument NN 40119 214 7 which which WDT 40119 214 8 turned turn VBD 40119 214 9 out out RP 40119 214 10 to to TO 40119 214 11 have have VB 40119 214 12 such such JJ 40119 214 13 faults fault NNS 40119 214 14 as as IN 40119 214 15 these these DT 40119 214 16 would would MD 40119 214 17 certainly certainly RB 40119 214 18 , , , 40119 214 19 as as IN 40119 214 20 the the DT 40119 214 21 late late JJ 40119 214 22 Professor Professor NNP 40119 214 23 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 214 24 remarked remark VBD 40119 214 25 , , , 40119 214 26 be be VB 40119 214 27 justified justify VBN 40119 214 28 in in IN 40119 214 29 returning return VBG 40119 214 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 214 31 to to IN 40119 214 32 the the DT 40119 214 33 maker maker NN 40119 214 34 and and CC 40119 214 35 blaming blame VBG 40119 214 36 him -PRON- PRP 40119 214 37 severely severely RB 40119 214 38 for for IN 40119 214 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 214 40 carelessness carelessness NN 40119 214 41 . . . 40119 215 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 215 2 would would MD 40119 215 3 not not RB 40119 215 4 , , , 40119 215 5 of of IN 40119 215 6 course course NN 40119 215 7 , , , 40119 215 8 have have VBP 40119 215 9 it -PRON- PRP 40119 215 10 believed believe VBN 40119 215 11 that that IN 40119 215 12 scientific scientific JJ 40119 215 13 men man NNS 40119 215 14 are be VBP 40119 215 15 conceited conceite VBN 40119 215 16 enough enough RB 40119 215 17 to to TO 40119 215 18 imagine imagine VB 40119 215 19 themselves -PRON- PRP 40119 215 20 capable capable JJ 40119 215 21 of of IN 40119 215 22 designing design VBG 40119 215 23 a a DT 40119 215 24 better well JJR 40119 215 25 eye eye NN 40119 215 26 than than IN 40119 215 27 is be VBZ 40119 215 28 to to TO 40119 215 29 be be VB 40119 215 30 found find VBN 40119 215 31 in in IN 40119 215 32 nature nature NN 40119 215 33 . . . 40119 216 1 That that DT 40119 216 2 would would MD 40119 216 3 be be VB 40119 216 4 an an DT 40119 216 5 absurdity absurdity NN 40119 216 6 . . . 40119 217 1 They -PRON- PRP 40119 217 2 are be VBP 40119 217 3 quite quite RB 40119 217 4 ready ready JJ 40119 217 5 to to TO 40119 217 6 admit admit VB 40119 217 7 that that IN 40119 217 8 there there EX 40119 217 9 may may MD 40119 217 10 exist exist VB 40119 217 11 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 217 12 good good JJ 40119 217 13 reasons reason NNS 40119 217 14 for for IN 40119 217 15 the the DT 40119 217 16 undoubted undoubted JJ 40119 217 17 blemishes blemish NNS 40119 217 18 which which WDT 40119 217 19 have have VBP 40119 217 20 been be VBN 40119 217 21 indicated indicate VBN 40119 217 22 , , , 40119 217 23 as as RB 40119 217 24 well well RB 40119 217 25 as as IN 40119 217 26 for for IN 40119 217 27 others other NNS 40119 217 28 which which WDT 40119 217 29 will will MD 40119 217 30 be be VB 40119 217 31 referred refer VBN 40119 217 32 to to IN 40119 217 33 later later RB 40119 217 34 . . . 40119 218 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 218 2 is be VBZ 40119 218 3 indeed indeed RB 40119 218 4 well well RB 40119 218 5 known know VBN 40119 218 6 that that IN 40119 218 7 the the DT 40119 218 8 general general JJ 40119 218 9 efficiency efficiency NN 40119 218 10 of of IN 40119 218 11 a a DT 40119 218 12 machine machine NN 40119 218 13 as as IN 40119 218 14 a a DT 40119 218 15 whole whole NN 40119 218 16 may may MD 40119 218 17 often often RB 40119 218 18 be be VB 40119 218 19 best well RBS 40119 218 20 secured secure VBN 40119 218 21 by by IN 40119 218 22 the the DT 40119 218 23 sacrifice sacrifice NN 40119 218 24 of of IN 40119 218 25 ideal ideal JJ 40119 218 26 perfection perfection NN 40119 218 27 in in IN 40119 218 28 some some DT 40119 218 29 of of IN 40119 218 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 218 31 parts part NNS 40119 218 32 . . . 40119 219 1 With with IN 40119 219 2 all all DT 40119 219 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 219 4 anomalies anomaly NNS 40119 219 5 the the DT 40119 219 6 eye eye NN 40119 219 7 fulfils fulfil VBZ 40119 219 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 219 9 proper proper JJ 40119 219 10 function function NN 40119 219 11 very very RB 40119 219 12 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 219 13 , , , 40119 219 14 and and CC 40119 219 15 is be VBZ 40119 219 16 regarded regard VBN 40119 219 17 by by IN 40119 219 18 those those DT 40119 219 19 who who WP 40119 219 20 have have VBP 40119 219 21 studied study VBN 40119 219 22 it -PRON- PRP 40119 219 23 most most RBS 40119 219 24 closely closely RB 40119 219 25 with with IN 40119 219 26 feelings feeling NNS 40119 219 27 of of IN 40119 219 28 wonder wonder NN 40119 219 29 and and CC 40119 219 30 humble humble JJ 40119 219 31 admiration admiration NN 40119 219 32 . . . 40119 220 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 220 2 3 3 LS 40119 220 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 220 4 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 220 5 II II NNP 40119 220 6 . . . 40119 221 1 COLOUR COLOUR NNS 40119 221 2 AND and CC 40119 221 3 ITS its PRP$ 40119 221 4 PERCEPTION perception NN 40119 221 5 . . . 40119 222 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 222 2 was be VBD 40119 222 3 explained explain VBN 40119 222 4 in in IN 40119 222 5 the the DT 40119 222 6 last last JJ 40119 222 7 chapter chapter NN 40119 222 8 that that IN 40119 222 9 we -PRON- PRP 40119 222 10 see see VBP 40119 222 11 things thing NNS 40119 222 12 through through IN 40119 222 13 the the DT 40119 222 14 agency agency NN 40119 222 15 of of IN 40119 222 16 the the DT 40119 222 17 light light NN 40119 222 18 -- -- : 40119 222 19 emitted emit VBN 40119 222 20 or or CC 40119 222 21 reflected reflect VBN 40119 222 22 -- -- : 40119 222 23 which which WDT 40119 222 24 proceeds proceed VBZ 40119 222 25 from from IN 40119 222 26 them -PRON- PRP 40119 222 27 to to IN 40119 222 28 the the DT 40119 222 29 eye eye NN 40119 222 30 , , , 40119 222 31 and and CC 40119 222 32 is be VBZ 40119 222 33 suitably suitably RB 40119 222 34 distributed distribute VBN 40119 222 35 over over IN 40119 222 36 the the DT 40119 222 37 retina retina NNP 40119 222 38 by by IN 40119 222 39 the the DT 40119 222 40 action action NN 40119 222 41 of of IN 40119 222 42 a a DT 40119 222 43 system system NN 40119 222 44 of of IN 40119 222 45 lenses lense NNS 40119 222 46 . . . 40119 223 1 Now now RB 40119 223 2 the the DT 40119 223 3 " " `` 40119 223 4 image image NN 40119 223 5 " " '' 40119 223 6 thus thus RB 40119 223 7 formed form VBN 40119 223 8 is be VBZ 40119 223 9 not not RB 40119 223 10 generally generally RB 40119 223 11 perceived perceive VBN 40119 223 12 as as IN 40119 223 13 a a DT 40119 223 14 simple simple JJ 40119 223 15 monochromatic monochromatic JJ 40119 223 16 one one NN 40119 223 17 , , , 40119 223 18 darker dark JJR 40119 223 19 in in IN 40119 223 20 some some DT 40119 223 21 parts part NNS 40119 223 22 , , , 40119 223 23 lighter light JJR 40119 223 24 in in IN 40119 223 25 others other NNS 40119 223 26 , , , 40119 223 27 like like IN 40119 223 28 a a DT 40119 223 29 black black JJ 40119 223 30 and and CC 40119 223 31 white white JJ 40119 223 32 engraving engraving NN 40119 223 33 . . . 40119 224 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 224 2 is be VBZ 40119 224 3 , , , 40119 224 4 in in IN 40119 224 5 most most JJS 40119 224 6 cases case NNS 40119 224 7 at at IN 40119 224 8 least least JJS 40119 224 9 , , , 40119 224 10 characterised characterise VBN 40119 224 11 by by IN 40119 224 12 a a DT 40119 224 13 variety variety NN 40119 224 14 of of IN 40119 224 15 colours colour NNS 40119 224 16 , , , 40119 224 17 the the DT 40119 224 18 light light NN 40119 224 19 which which WDT 40119 224 20 comes come VBZ 40119 224 21 from from IN 40119 224 22 different different JJ 40119 224 23 objects object NNS 40119 224 24 , , , 40119 224 25 or or CC 40119 224 26 from from IN 40119 224 27 different different JJ 40119 224 28 parts part NNS 40119 224 29 of of IN 40119 224 30 the the DT 40119 224 31 same same JJ 40119 224 32 object object NN 40119 224 33 , , , 40119 224 34 having have VBG 40119 224 35 the the DT 40119 224 36 power power NN 40119 224 37 of of IN 40119 224 38 exciting exciting JJ 40119 224 39 different different JJ 40119 224 40 colour colour NN 40119 224 41 sensations sensation NNS 40119 224 42 . . . 40119 225 1 Light light NN 40119 225 2 which which WDT 40119 225 3 has have VBZ 40119 225 4 the the DT 40119 225 5 property property NN 40119 225 6 of of IN 40119 225 7 exciting excite VBG 40119 225 8 the the DT 40119 225 9 sensation sensation NN 40119 225 10 of of IN 40119 225 11 any any DT 40119 225 12 colour colour NN 40119 225 13 is be VBZ 40119 225 14 commonly commonly RB 40119 225 15 spoken speak VBN 40119 225 16 of of IN 40119 225 17 as as IN 40119 225 18 coloured colour VBN 40119 225 19 light light NN 40119 225 20 . . . 40119 226 1 The the DT 40119 226 2 light light NN 40119 226 3 reflected reflect VBN 40119 226 4 by by IN 40119 226 5 a a DT 40119 226 6 soldier soldier NN 40119 226 7 's 's POS 40119 226 8 coat coat NN 40119 226 9 , , , 40119 226 10 for for IN 40119 226 11 example example NN 40119 226 12 , , , 40119 226 13 may may MD 40119 226 14 be be VB 40119 226 15 called call VBN 40119 226 16 red red JJ 40119 226 17 light light NN 40119 226 18 , , , 40119 226 19 because because IN 40119 226 20 when when WRB 40119 226 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 226 22 falls fall VBZ 40119 226 23 upon upon IN 40119 226 24 the the DT 40119 226 25 eye eye NN 40119 226 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 226 27 gives give VBZ 40119 226 28 rise rise NN 40119 226 29 to to IN 40119 226 30 a a DT 40119 226 31 sensation sensation NN 40119 226 32 of of IN 40119 226 33 redness redness NN 40119 226 34 . . . 40119 227 1 But but CC 40119 227 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 227 3 must must MD 40119 227 4 be be VB 40119 227 5 understood understand VBN 40119 227 6 that that IN 40119 227 7 this this DT 40119 227 8 mode mode NN 40119 227 9 of of IN 40119 227 10 expression expression NN 40119 227 11 is be VBZ 40119 227 12 only only RB 40119 227 13 a a DT 40119 227 14 convenient convenient JJ 40119 227 15 abbreviation abbreviation NN 40119 227 16 , , , 40119 227 17 for for IN 40119 227 18 there there EX 40119 227 19 can can MD 40119 227 20 , , , 40119 227 21 of of IN 40119 227 22 course course NN 40119 227 23 , , , 40119 227 24 be be VB 40119 227 25 no no DT 40119 227 26 objective objective JJ 40119 227 27 colour colour NN 40119 227 28 in in IN 40119 227 29 the the DT 40119 227 30 light light NN 40119 227 31 or or CC 40119 227 32 " " `` 40119 227 33 radiation radiation NN 40119 227 34 " " '' 40119 227 35 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 227 36 . . . 40119 228 1 Wherein wherein WRB 40119 228 2 , , , 40119 228 3 then then RB 40119 228 4 , , , 40119 228 5 does do VBZ 40119 228 6 coloured colour VBN 40119 228 7 light light NN 40119 228 8 differ differ VB 40119 228 9 from from IN 40119 228 10 white white JJ 40119 228 11 ? ? . 40119 229 1 Why why WRB 40119 229 2 do do VBP 40119 229 3 things thing NNS 40119 229 4 appear appear VB 40119 229 5 to to TO 40119 229 6 be be VB 40119 229 7 variously variously RB 40119 229 8 coloured colour VBN 40119 229 9 when when WRB 40119 229 10 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 229 11 by by IN 40119 229 12 light light NN 40119 229 13 which which WDT 40119 229 14 is be VBZ 40119 229 15 colourless colourless JJ 40119 229 16 ? ? . 40119 230 1 And and CC 40119 230 2 how how WRB 40119 230 3 do do VBP 40119 230 4 coloured colour VBN 40119 230 5 lights light NNS 40119 230 6 affect affect VB 40119 230 7 the the DT 40119 230 8 visual visual JJ 40119 230 9 organs organ NNS 40119 230 10 so so IN 40119 230 11 as as IN 40119 230 12 to to TO 40119 230 13 evoke evoke VB 40119 230 14 appropriate appropriate JJ 40119 230 15 sensations sensation NNS 40119 230 16 ? ? . 40119 231 1 These these DT 40119 231 2 are be VBP 40119 231 3 questions question NNS 40119 231 4 -- -- : 40119 231 5 the the DT 40119 231 6 first first JJ 40119 231 7 two two CD 40119 231 8 of of IN 40119 231 9 a a DT 40119 231 10 physical physical JJ 40119 231 11 character character NN 40119 231 12 , , , 40119 231 13 the the DT 40119 231 14 last last JJ 40119 231 15 partly partly RB 40119 231 16 physiological physiological JJ 40119 231 17 and and CC 40119 231 18 partly partly RB 40119 231 19 psychological psychological JJ 40119 231 20 -- -- : 40119 231 21 which which WDT 40119 231 22 it -PRON- PRP 40119 231 23 is be VBZ 40119 231 24 now now RB 40119 231 25 proposed propose VBN 40119 231 26 to to TO 40119 231 27 discuss discuss VB 40119 231 28 . . . 40119 232 1 The the DT 40119 232 2 matter matter NN 40119 232 3 has have VBZ 40119 232 4 already already RB 40119 232 5 been be VBN 40119 232 6 touched touch VBN 40119 232 7 upon upon IN 40119 232 8 , , , 40119 232 9 though though IN 40119 232 10 very very RB 40119 232 11 slightly slightly RB 40119 232 12 , , , 40119 232 13 in in IN 40119 232 14 connection connection NN 40119 232 15 with with IN 40119 232 16 the the DT 40119 232 17 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 232 18 . . . 40119 233 1 Let let VB 40119 233 2 us -PRON- PRP 40119 233 3 again again RB 40119 233 4 turn turn VB 40119 233 5 to to IN 40119 233 6 the the DT 40119 233 7 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 233 8 and and CC 40119 233 9 consider consider VB 40119 233 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 233 11 a a DT 40119 233 12 little little RB 40119 233 13 more more RBR 40119 233 14 fully fully RB 40119 233 15 . . . 40119 234 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 234 2 is be VBZ 40119 234 3 easily easily RB 40119 234 4 seen see VBN 40119 234 5 that that IN 40119 234 6 the the DT 40119 234 7 luminous luminous JJ 40119 234 8 band band NN 40119 234 9 contains contain VBZ 40119 234 10 six six CD 40119 234 11 principal principal JJ 40119 234 12 hues hue NNS 40119 234 13 or or CC 40119 234 14 tones tone NNS 40119 234 15 of of IN 40119 234 16 colour colour NN 40119 234 17 -- -- : 40119 234 18 red red JJ 40119 234 19 , , , 40119 234 20 orange orange JJ 40119 234 21 , , , 40119 234 22 yellow yellow JJ 40119 234 23 , , , 40119 234 24 green green JJ 40119 234 25 , , , 40119 234 26 blue blue JJ 40119 234 27 , , , 40119 234 28 and and CC 40119 234 29 violet violet NN 40119 234 30 . . . 40119 235 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 235 2 See see VB 40119 235 3 Fig fig NN 40119 235 4 . . . 40119 236 1 1 1 CD 40119 236 2 , , , 40119 236 3 page page NN 40119 236 4 12 12 CD 40119 236 5 . . . 40119 236 6 ) ) -RRB- 40119 237 1 These these DT 40119 237 2 however however RB 40119 237 3 merge merge VBP 40119 237 4 into into IN 40119 237 5 one one NN 40119 237 6 another another DT 40119 237 7 so so RB 40119 237 8 gradually gradually RB 40119 237 9 that that IN 40119 237 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 237 11 is be VBZ 40119 237 12 impossible impossible JJ 40119 237 13 to to TO 40119 237 14 say say VB 40119 237 15 exactly exactly RB 40119 237 16 where where WRB 40119 237 17 any any DT 40119 237 18 one one CD 40119 237 19 colour colour NN 40119 237 20 begins begin VBZ 40119 237 21 and and CC 40119 237 22 ends end NNS 40119 237 23 . . . 40119 238 1 Look look VB 40119 238 2 , , , 40119 238 3 for for IN 40119 238 4 instance instance NN 40119 238 5 , , , 40119 238 6 at at IN 40119 238 7 the the DT 40119 238 8 somewhat somewhat RB 40119 238 9 narrow narrow JJ 40119 238 10 but but CC 40119 238 11 very very RB 40119 238 12 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 238 13 stripe stripe NN 40119 238 14 of of IN 40119 238 15 yellow yellow NN 40119 238 16 . . . 40119 239 1 Towards towards IN 40119 239 2 the the DT 40119 239 3 right right NN 40119 239 4 of of IN 40119 239 5 this this DT 40119 239 6 stripe stripe NN 40119 239 7 the the DT 40119 239 8 colour colour NN 40119 239 9 gradually gradually RB 40119 239 10 becomes become VBZ 40119 239 11 greenish greenish NN 40119 239 12 - - HYPH 40119 239 13 yellow yellow JJ 40119 239 14 ; ; : 40119 239 15 a a DT 40119 239 16 little little JJ 40119 239 17 further far RBR 40119 239 18 on on IN 40119 239 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 239 20 is be VBZ 40119 239 21 yellowish yellowish JJ 40119 239 22 - - HYPH 40119 239 23 green green JJ 40119 239 24 , , , 40119 239 25 and and CC 40119 239 26 at at IN 40119 239 27 length length NN 40119 239 28 , , , 40119 239 29 by by IN 40119 239 30 insensible insensible JJ 40119 239 31 gradations gradation NNS 40119 239 32 , , , 40119 239 33 a a DT 40119 239 34 full full JJ 40119 239 35 , , , 40119 239 36 pure pure JJ 40119 239 37 green green NN 40119 239 38 is be VBZ 40119 239 39 reached reach VBN 40119 239 40 . . . 40119 240 1 The the DT 40119 240 2 six six CD 40119 240 3 most most RBS 40119 240 4 prominent prominent JJ 40119 240 5 hues hue NNS 40119 240 6 of of IN 40119 240 7 the the DT 40119 240 8 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 240 9 are be VBP 40119 240 10 , , , 40119 240 11 in in IN 40119 240 12 fact fact NN 40119 240 13 , , , 40119 240 14 supplemented supplement VBN 40119 240 15 by by IN 40119 240 16 an an DT 40119 240 17 immense immense JJ 40119 240 18 multitude multitude NN 40119 240 19 of of IN 40119 240 20 subordinate subordinate JJ 40119 240 21 ones one NNS 40119 240 22 , , , 40119 240 23 the the DT 40119 240 24 total total JJ 40119 240 25 number number NN 40119 240 26 which which WDT 40119 240 27 the the DT 40119 240 28 eye eye NN 40119 240 29 can can MD 40119 240 30 recognise recognise VB 40119 240 31 as as IN 40119 240 32 distinct distinct JJ 40119 240 33 being be VBG 40119 240 34 not not RB 40119 240 35 less less JJR 40119 240 36 than than IN 40119 240 37 a a DT 40119 240 38 thousand thousand CD 40119 240 39 . . . 40119 241 1 All all PDT 40119 241 2 the the DT 40119 241 3 colours colour NNS 40119 241 4 that that WDT 40119 241 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 241 6 see see VBP 40119 241 7 in in IN 40119 241 8 nature nature NN 40119 241 9 , , , 40119 241 10 with with IN 40119 241 11 the the DT 40119 241 12 exception exception NN 40119 241 13 of of IN 40119 241 14 the the DT 40119 241 15 purples purple NNS 40119 241 16 ( ( -LRB- 40119 241 17 about about IN 40119 241 18 which which WDT 40119 241 19 I -PRON- PRP 40119 241 20 shall shall MD 40119 241 21 say say VB 40119 241 22 more more RBR 40119 241 23 presently presently RB 40119 241 24 ) ) -RRB- 40119 241 25 , , , 40119 241 26 are be VBP 40119 241 27 here here RB 40119 241 28 represented represent VBN 40119 241 29 , , , 40119 241 30 and and CC 40119 241 31 every every DT 40119 241 32 single single JJ 40119 241 33 variety variety NN 40119 241 34 of of IN 40119 241 35 tone tone NN 40119 241 36 in in IN 40119 241 37 the the DT 40119 241 38 prismatic prismatic JJ 40119 241 39 scale scale NN 40119 241 40 corresponds correspond NNS 40119 241 41 with with IN 40119 241 42 one one CD 40119 241 43 , , , 40119 241 44 and and CC 40119 241 45 only only RB 40119 241 46 one one CD 40119 241 47 , , , 40119 241 48 definite definite JJ 40119 241 49 wave wave NN 40119 241 50 - - HYPH 40119 241 51 length length NN 40119 241 52 of of IN 40119 241 53 light light NN 40119 241 54 . . . 40119 242 1 The the DT 40119 242 2 source source NN 40119 242 3 of of IN 40119 242 4 all all PDT 40119 242 5 these these DT 40119 242 6 colours colour NNS 40119 242 7 is be VBZ 40119 242 8 , , , 40119 242 9 as as IN 40119 242 10 we -PRON- PRP 40119 242 11 know know VBP 40119 242 12 , , , 40119 242 13 a a DT 40119 242 14 beam beam NN 40119 242 15 of of IN 40119 242 16 white white JJ 40119 242 17 or or CC 40119 242 18 colourless colourless JJ 40119 242 19 light light NN 40119 242 20 , , , 40119 242 21 the the DT 40119 242 22 constituents constituent NNS 40119 242 23 of of IN 40119 242 24 which which WDT 40119 242 25 have have VBP 40119 242 26 been be VBN 40119 242 27 sorted sort VBN 40119 242 28 out out RP 40119 242 29 and and CC 40119 242 30 arranged arrange VBD 40119 242 31 so so IN 40119 242 32 that that IN 40119 242 33 they -PRON- PRP 40119 242 34 fall fall VBP 40119 242 35 side side NN 40119 242 36 by by IN 40119 242 37 side side NN 40119 242 38 upon upon IN 40119 242 39 the the DT 40119 242 40 screen screen NN 40119 242 41 in in IN 40119 242 42 the the DT 40119 242 43 order order NN 40119 242 44 of of IN 40119 242 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 242 46 several several JJ 40119 242 47 wave wave NN 40119 242 48 - - HYPH 40119 242 49 lengths length NNS 40119 242 50 . . . 40119 243 1 If if IN 40119 243 2 , , , 40119 243 3 then then RB 40119 243 4 , , , 40119 243 5 these these DT 40119 243 6 coloured colour VBN 40119 243 7 constituents constituent NNS 40119 243 8 were be VBD 40119 243 9 all all DT 40119 243 10 mixed mix VBN 40119 243 11 together together RB 40119 243 12 again again RB 40119 243 13 , , , 40119 243 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 243 15 would would MD 40119 243 16 be be VB 40119 243 17 reasonable reasonable JJ 40119 243 18 to to TO 40119 243 19 expect expect VB 40119 243 20 that that DT 40119 243 21 pure pure JJ 40119 243 22 white white JJ 40119 243 23 light light NN 40119 243 24 would would MD 40119 243 25 be be VB 40119 243 26 reproduced reproduce VBN 40119 243 27 . . . 40119 244 1 The the DT 40119 244 2 experiment experiment NN 40119 244 3 has have VBZ 40119 244 4 been be VBN 40119 244 5 performed perform VBN 40119 244 6 in in IN 40119 244 7 a a DT 40119 244 8 great great JJ 40119 244 9 many many JJ 40119 244 10 different different JJ 40119 244 11 ways way NNS 40119 244 12 , , , 40119 244 13 several several JJ 40119 244 14 of of IN 40119 244 15 which which WDT 40119 244 16 were be VBD 40119 244 17 devised devise VBN 40119 244 18 by by IN 40119 244 19 Newton Newton NNP 40119 244 20 himself -PRON- PRP 40119 244 21 , , , 40119 244 22 and and CC 40119 244 23 the the DT 40119 244 24 result result NN 40119 244 25 admits admit VBZ 40119 244 26 of of IN 40119 244 27 no no DT 40119 244 28 doubt doubt RB 40119 244 29 whatever whatever WDT 40119 244 30 . . . 40119 245 1 The the DT 40119 245 2 method method NN 40119 245 3 which which WDT 40119 245 4 I -PRON- PRP 40119 245 5 intend intend VBP 40119 245 6 to to TO 40119 245 7 describe describe VB 40119 245 8 is be VBZ 40119 245 9 not not RB 40119 245 10 quite quite RB 40119 245 11 so so RB 40119 245 12 simple simple JJ 40119 245 13 as as IN 40119 245 14 some some DT 40119 245 15 others other NNS 40119 245 16 , , , 40119 245 17 but but CC 40119 245 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 245 19 has have VBZ 40119 245 20 great great JJ 40119 245 21 advantages advantage NNS 40119 245 22 in in IN 40119 245 23 the the DT 40119 245 24 way way NN 40119 245 25 of of IN 40119 245 26 convenient convenient JJ 40119 245 27 manipulation manipulation NN 40119 245 28 , , , 40119 245 29 and and CC 40119 245 30 affords afford VBZ 40119 245 31 the the DT 40119 245 32 means mean NNS 40119 245 33 of of IN 40119 245 34 demonstrating demonstrate VBG 40119 245 35 a a DT 40119 245 36 number number NN 40119 245 37 of of IN 40119 245 38 interesting interesting JJ 40119 245 39 colour colour NN 40119 245 40 effects effect NNS 40119 245 41 in in IN 40119 245 42 an an DT 40119 245 43 easily easily RB 40119 245 44 intelligible intelligible JJ 40119 245 45 manner manner NN 40119 245 46 . . . 40119 246 1 By by IN 40119 246 2 the the DT 40119 246 3 simple simple JJ 40119 246 4 operation operation NN 40119 246 5 of of IN 40119 246 6 moving move VBG 40119 246 7 aside aside RB 40119 246 8 a a DT 40119 246 9 lens lens NN 40119 246 10 out out IN 40119 246 11 of of IN 40119 246 12 the the DT 40119 246 13 track track NN 40119 246 14 of of IN 40119 246 15 the the DT 40119 246 16 light light NN 40119 246 17 , , , 40119 246 18 we -PRON- PRP 40119 246 19 can can MD 40119 246 20 gather gather VB 40119 246 21 up up RP 40119 246 22 and and CC 40119 246 23 thoroughly thoroughly RB 40119 246 24 mix mix VB 40119 246 25 together together RB 40119 246 26 all all PDT 40119 246 27 the the DT 40119 246 28 variously variously RB 40119 246 29 coloured colour VBN 40119 246 30 rays ray NNS 40119 246 31 of of IN 40119 246 32 the the DT 40119 246 33 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 246 34 and and CC 40119 246 35 cause cause VB 40119 246 36 them -PRON- PRP 40119 246 37 to to TO 40119 246 38 form form VB 40119 246 39 upon upon IN 40119 246 40 the the DT 40119 246 41 screen screen NN 40119 246 42 a a DT 40119 246 43 bright bright JJ 40119 246 44 circular circular JJ 40119 246 45 patch patch NN 40119 246 46 , , , 40119 246 47 which which WDT 40119 246 48 , , , 40119 246 49 though though IN 40119 246 50 due due IN 40119 246 51 to to IN 40119 246 52 a a DT 40119 246 53 mixture mixture NN 40119 246 54 of of IN 40119 246 55 a a DT 40119 246 56 thousand thousand CD 40119 246 57 different different JJ 40119 246 58 hues hue NNS 40119 246 59 , , , 40119 246 60 is be VBZ 40119 246 61 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 246 62 white white JJ 40119 246 63 . . . 40119 247 1 When when WRB 40119 247 2 the the DT 40119 247 3 lens lens NN 40119 247 4 is be VBZ 40119 247 5 replaced replace VBN 40119 247 6 , , , 40119 247 7 which which WDT 40119 247 8 is be VBZ 40119 247 9 done do VBN 40119 247 10 in in IN 40119 247 11 an an DT 40119 247 12 instant instant NN 40119 247 13 , , , 40119 247 14 the the DT 40119 247 15 mixture mixture NN 40119 247 16 is be VBZ 40119 247 17 again again RB 40119 247 18 analysed analyse VBN 40119 247 19 into into IN 40119 247 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 247 21 component component NN 40119 247 22 parts part NNS 40119 247 23 , , , 40119 247 24 and and CC 40119 247 25 the the DT 40119 247 26 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 247 27 reappears reappears NNP 40119 247 28 . . . 40119 248 1 The the DT 40119 248 2 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 248 3 of of IN 40119 248 4 the the DT 40119 248 5 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 248 6 , , , 40119 248 7 which which WDT 40119 248 8 is be VBZ 40119 248 9 essentially essentially RB 40119 248 10 the the DT 40119 248 11 same same JJ 40119 248 12 as as IN 40119 248 13 that that DT 40119 248 14 devised devise VBN 40119 248 15 by by IN 40119 248 16 Captain Captain NNP 40119 248 17 Abney Abney NNP 40119 248 18 , , , 40119 248 19 and and CC 40119 248 20 called call VBD 40119 248 21 by by IN 40119 248 22 him -PRON- PRP 40119 248 23 the the DT 40119 248 24 " " `` 40119 248 25 colour colour NN 40119 248 26 - - HYPH 40119 248 27 patch patch NN 40119 248 28 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 248 29 , , , 40119 248 30 " " '' 40119 248 31 is be VBZ 40119 248 32 shown show VBN 40119 248 33 in in IN 40119 248 34 the the DT 40119 248 35 annexed annex VBN 40119 248 36 diagram diagram NN 40119 248 37 ( ( -LRB- 40119 248 38 Fig fig NN 40119 248 39 . . . 40119 249 1 3 3 LS 40119 249 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 249 3 . . . 40119 250 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 250 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 250 3 : : : 40119 250 4 _ _ NNP 40119 250 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 250 6 . . . 40119 251 1 3.--Abney 3.--Abney NNP 40119 251 2 's 's POS 40119 251 3 Colour Colour NNP 40119 251 4 - - HYPH 40119 251 5 patch patch NN 40119 251 6 Apparatus Apparatus NNP 40119 251 7 . . . 40119 251 8 _ _ NNP 40119 251 9 ] ] -RRB- 40119 251 10 The the DT 40119 251 11 light light NN 40119 251 12 of of IN 40119 251 13 an an DT 40119 251 14 electric electric JJ 40119 251 15 lamp lamp NN 40119 251 16 A a DT 40119 251 17 placed place VBN 40119 251 18 inside inside IN 40119 251 19 the the DT 40119 251 20 lantern lantern NN 40119 251 21 is be VBZ 40119 251 22 concentrated concentrate VBN 40119 251 23 by by IN 40119 251 24 the the DT 40119 251 25 condensing condense VBG 40119 251 26 lenses lense NNS 40119 251 27 B B NNP 40119 251 28 upon upon IN 40119 251 29 a a DT 40119 251 30 narrow narrow JJ 40119 251 31 adjustable adjustable JJ 40119 251 32 slit slit NN 40119 251 33 C. C. NNP 40119 251 34 The the DT 40119 251 35 framework framework NN 40119 251 36 of of IN 40119 251 37 this this DT 40119 251 38 slit slit NN 40119 251 39 is be VBZ 40119 251 40 attached attach VBN 40119 251 41 to to IN 40119 251 42 one one CD 40119 251 43 end end NN 40119 251 44 of of IN 40119 251 45 a a DT 40119 251 46 telescope telescope NN 40119 251 47 tube tube NN 40119 251 48 , , , 40119 251 49 which which WDT 40119 251 50 carries carry VBZ 40119 251 51 at at IN 40119 251 52 the the DT 40119 251 53 other other JJ 40119 251 54 end end NN 40119 251 55 an an DT 40119 251 56 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 251 57 lens lens NN 40119 251 58 D d NN 40119 251 59 of of IN 40119 251 60 about about IN 40119 251 61 10 10 CD 40119 251 62 inches inch NNS 40119 251 63 focus focus NN 40119 251 64 . . . 40119 252 1 The the DT 40119 252 2 rays ray NNS 40119 252 3 having have VBG 40119 252 4 been be VBN 40119 252 5 rendered render VBN 40119 252 6 parallel parallel JJ 40119 252 7 by by IN 40119 252 8 D d NN 40119 252 9 are be VBP 40119 252 10 refracted refract VBN 40119 252 11 by by IN 40119 252 12 the the DT 40119 252 13 prism prism NN 40119 252 14 E e NN 40119 252 15 ; ; : 40119 252 16 they -PRON- PRP 40119 252 17 then then RB 40119 252 18 pass pass VBP 40119 252 19 through through RP 40119 252 20 a a DT 40119 252 21 circular circular JJ 40119 252 22 opening opening NN 40119 252 23 in in IN 40119 252 24 the the DT 40119 252 25 brass brass NN 40119 252 26 plate plate NN 40119 252 27 F f NN 40119 252 28 to to IN 40119 252 29 the the DT 40119 252 30 lens lens NN 40119 252 31 G g NN 40119 252 32 , , , 40119 252 33 the the DT 40119 252 34 focal focal JJ 40119 252 35 length length NN 40119 252 36 of of IN 40119 252 37 which which WDT 40119 252 38 is be VBZ 40119 252 39 7 7 CD 40119 252 40 inches inch NNS 40119 252 41 , , , 40119 252 42 and and CC 40119 252 43 form form VB 40119 252 44 a a DT 40119 252 45 little little JJ 40119 252 46 bright bright JJ 40119 252 47 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 252 48 upon upon IN 40119 252 49 a a DT 40119 252 50 white white JJ 40119 252 51 card card NN 40119 252 52 held hold VBN 40119 252 53 in in IN 40119 252 54 a a DT 40119 252 55 grooved grooved JJ 40119 252 56 support support NN 40119 252 57 at at IN 40119 252 58 H. h. NN 40119 252 59 The the DT 40119 252 60 card card NN 40119 252 61 being be VBG 40119 252 62 removed remove VBN 40119 252 63 , , , 40119 252 64 we -PRON- PRP 40119 252 65 place place VBP 40119 252 66 at at IN 40119 252 67 K K NNP 40119 252 68 a a DT 40119 252 69 lens lens NN 40119 252 70 having have VBG 40119 252 71 a a DT 40119 252 72 diameter diameter NN 40119 252 73 of of IN 40119 252 74 5 5 CD 40119 252 75 - - SYM 40119 252 76 1/2 1/2 CD 40119 252 77 inches inch NNS 40119 252 78 and and CC 40119 252 79 a a DT 40119 252 80 focal focal JJ 40119 252 81 length length NN 40119 252 82 of of IN 40119 252 83 18 18 CD 40119 252 84 inches inch NNS 40119 252 85 or or CC 40119 252 86 more more JJR 40119 252 87 , , , 40119 252 88 and and CC 40119 252 89 adjust adjust VB 40119 252 90 it -PRON- PRP 40119 252 91 so so IN 40119 252 92 that that IN 40119 252 93 a a DT 40119 252 94 sharply sharply RB 40119 252 95 defined define VBN 40119 252 96 image image NN 40119 252 97 of of IN 40119 252 98 the the DT 40119 252 99 hole hole NN 40119 252 100 in in IN 40119 252 101 the the DT 40119 252 102 brass brass NN 40119 252 103 plate plate NN 40119 252 104 F F NNP 40119 252 105 is be VBZ 40119 252 106 formed form VBN 40119 252 107 upon upon IN 40119 252 108 the the DT 40119 252 109 distant distant JJ 40119 252 110 white white JJ 40119 252 111 screen screen NN 40119 252 112 L. L. NNP 40119 252 113 If if IN 40119 252 114 all all PDT 40119 252 115 the the DT 40119 252 116 lenses lense NNS 40119 252 117 are be VBP 40119 252 118 correctly correctly RB 40119 252 119 placed place VBN 40119 252 120 , , , 40119 252 121 this this DT 40119 252 122 image image NN 40119 252 123 , , , 40119 252 124 though though IN 40119 252 125 formed form VBN 40119 252 126 entirely entirely RB 40119 252 127 by by IN 40119 252 128 the the DT 40119 252 129 rays ray NNS 40119 252 130 which which WDT 40119 252 131 constituted constitute VBD 40119 252 132 the the DT 40119 252 133 little little JJ 40119 252 134 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 252 135 at at IN 40119 252 136 H h NN 40119 252 137 , , , 40119 252 138 will will MD 40119 252 139 be be VB 40119 252 140 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 252 141 free free JJ 40119 252 142 from from IN 40119 252 143 colour colour NN 40119 252 144 even even RB 40119 252 145 around around IN 40119 252 146 the the DT 40119 252 147 edge edge NN 40119 252 148 . . . 40119 253 1 If if IN 40119 253 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 253 3 wish wish VBP 40119 253 4 to to TO 40119 253 5 project project VB 40119 253 6 upon upon IN 40119 253 7 the the DT 40119 253 8 screen screen NN 40119 253 9 L l NN 40119 253 10 an an DT 40119 253 11 enlarged enlarge VBN 40119 253 12 image image NN 40119 253 13 of of IN 40119 253 14 the the DT 40119 253 15 little little JJ 40119 253 16 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 253 17 , , , 40119 253 18 we -PRON- PRP 40119 253 19 have have VBP 40119 253 20 only only RB 40119 253 21 to to TO 40119 253 22 use use VB 40119 253 23 another another DT 40119 253 24 suitable suitable JJ 40119 253 25 lens lens NN 40119 253 26 I -PRON- PRP 40119 253 27 in in IN 40119 253 28 conjunction conjunction NN 40119 253 29 with with IN 40119 253 30 K K NNP 40119 253 31 : : : 40119 253 32 the the DT 40119 253 33 diameter diameter NN 40119 253 34 of of IN 40119 253 35 that that DT 40119 253 36 used use VBN 40119 253 37 by by IN 40119 253 38 myself -PRON- PRP 40119 253 39 is be VBZ 40119 253 40 2 2 CD 40119 253 41 - - SYM 40119 253 42 3/4 3/4 CD 40119 253 43 inches inch NNS 40119 253 44 , , , 40119 253 45 and and CC 40119 253 46 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 253 47 focal focal JJ 40119 253 48 length length NN 40119 253 49 6 6 CD 40119 253 50 - - HYPH 40119 253 51 1/2 1/2 CD 40119 253 52 inches inch NNS 40119 253 53 . . . 40119 254 1 When when WRB 40119 254 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 254 3 have have VBP 40119 254 4 once once RB 40119 254 5 found find VBN 40119 254 6 by by IN 40119 254 7 trial trial NN 40119 254 8 the the DT 40119 254 9 position position NN 40119 254 10 in in IN 40119 254 11 which which WDT 40119 254 12 this this DT 40119 254 13 supplementary supplementary JJ 40119 254 14 lens lens NN 40119 254 15 gives give VBZ 40119 254 16 the the DT 40119 254 17 clearest clear JJS 40119 254 18 image[4 image[4 NNP 40119 254 19 ] ] -RRB- 40119 254 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 254 21 is be VBZ 40119 254 22 easy easy JJ 40119 254 23 to to TO 40119 254 24 arrange arrange VB 40119 254 25 a a DT 40119 254 26 contrivance contrivance NN 40119 254 27 for for IN 40119 254 28 removing remove VBG 40119 254 29 and and CC 40119 254 30 replacing replace VBG 40119 254 31 it -PRON- PRP 40119 254 32 correctly correctly RB 40119 254 33 without without IN 40119 254 34 need need NN 40119 254 35 of of IN 40119 254 36 any any DT 40119 254 37 further further JJ 40119 254 38 adjustment adjustment NN 40119 254 39 . . . 40119 255 1 This this DT 40119 255 2 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 255 3 shows show VBZ 40119 255 4 then then RB 40119 255 5 that that DT 40119 255 6 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 255 7 white white JJ 40119 255 8 light light NN 40119 255 9 may may MD 40119 255 10 be be VB 40119 255 11 regarded regard VBN 40119 255 12 as as IN 40119 255 13 a a DT 40119 255 14 mixture mixture NN 40119 255 15 of of IN 40119 255 16 all all PDT 40119 255 17 the the DT 40119 255 18 variously variously RB 40119 255 19 coloured colour VBN 40119 255 20 lights light NNS 40119 255 21 which which WDT 40119 255 22 occur occur VBP 40119 255 23 in in IN 40119 255 24 the the DT 40119 255 25 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 255 26 , , , 40119 255 27 the the DT 40119 255 28 sensation sensation NN 40119 255 29 produced produce VBD 40119 255 30 when when WRB 40119 255 31 it -PRON- PRP 40119 255 32 falls fall VBZ 40119 255 33 upon upon IN 40119 255 34 the the DT 40119 255 35 eye eye NN 40119 255 36 being be VBG 40119 255 37 consequently consequently RB 40119 255 38 a a DT 40119 255 39 compound compound NN 40119 255 40 one one CD 40119 255 41 . . . 40119 256 1 From from IN 40119 256 2 these these DT 40119 256 3 and and CC 40119 256 4 similar similar JJ 40119 256 5 experiments experiment NNS 40119 256 6 the the DT 40119 256 7 scientific scientific JJ 40119 256 8 neophyte neophyte NN 40119 256 9 is be VBZ 40119 256 10 not not RB 40119 256 11 unlikely unlikely JJ 40119 256 12 to to TO 40119 256 13 draw draw VB 40119 256 14 an an DT 40119 256 15 erroneous erroneous JJ 40119 256 16 conclusion conclusion NN 40119 256 17 . . . 40119 257 1 White white JJ 40119 257 2 light light NN 40119 257 3 , , , 40119 257 4 he -PRON- PRP 40119 257 5 is be VBZ 40119 257 6 apt apt JJ 40119 257 7 to to TO 40119 257 8 think think VB 40119 257 9 , , , 40119 257 10 is be VBZ 40119 257 11 _ _ NNP 40119 257 12 always always RB 40119 257 13 _ _ NNP 40119 257 14 due due IN 40119 257 15 to to IN 40119 257 16 the the DT 40119 257 17 combined combine VBN 40119 257 18 action action NN 40119 257 19 of of IN 40119 257 20 rays ray NNS 40119 257 21 of of IN 40119 257 22 every every DT 40119 257 23 possible possible JJ 40119 257 24 wave wave NN 40119 257 25 - - HYPH 40119 257 26 length length NN 40119 257 27 , , , 40119 257 28 while while IN 40119 257 29 coloured coloured JJ 40119 257 30 light light NN 40119 257 31 consists consist VBZ 40119 257 32 of of IN 40119 257 33 rays ray NNS 40119 257 34 of of IN 40119 257 35 one one CD 40119 257 36 definite definite JJ 40119 257 37 wave wave NN 40119 257 38 - - HYPH 40119 257 39 length length NN 40119 257 40 only only RB 40119 257 41 . . . 40119 258 1 Neither neither DT 40119 258 2 of of IN 40119 258 3 these these DT 40119 258 4 inferences inference NNS 40119 258 5 would would MD 40119 258 6 be be VB 40119 258 7 correct correct JJ 40119 258 8 . . . 40119 259 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 259 2 is be VBZ 40119 259 3 not not RB 40119 259 4 true true JJ 40119 259 5 that that IN 40119 259 6 white white JJ 40119 259 7 light light NN 40119 259 8 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 259 9 contains contain VBZ 40119 259 10 rays ray NNS 40119 259 11 of of IN 40119 259 12 all all DT 40119 259 13 possible possible JJ 40119 259 14 wave wave NN 40119 259 15 - - HYPH 40119 259 16 lengths length NNS 40119 259 17 : : : 40119 259 18 the the DT 40119 259 19 sensation sensation NN 40119 259 20 of of IN 40119 259 21 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 259 22 may may MD 40119 259 23 , , , 40119 259 24 as as IN 40119 259 25 will will MD 40119 259 26 be be VB 40119 259 27 shown show VBN 40119 259 28 by by IN 40119 259 29 and and CC 40119 259 30 bye bye UH 40119 259 31 , , , 40119 259 32 be be VB 40119 259 33 produced produce VBN 40119 259 34 quite quite RB 40119 259 35 as as RB 40119 259 36 effectively effectively RB 40119 259 37 by by IN 40119 259 38 the the DT 40119 259 39 combination combination NN 40119 259 40 of of IN 40119 259 41 only only RB 40119 259 42 two two CD 40119 259 43 or or CC 40119 259 44 three three CD 40119 259 45 different different JJ 40119 259 46 wave wave NN 40119 259 47 - - HYPH 40119 259 48 lengths length NNS 40119 259 49 . . . 40119 260 1 Nor nor CC 40119 260 2 is be VBZ 40119 260 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 260 4 true true JJ 40119 260 5 that that IN 40119 260 6 such such JJ 40119 260 7 colours colour NNS 40119 260 8 as as IN 40119 260 9 we -PRON- PRP 40119 260 10 see see VBP 40119 260 11 in in IN 40119 260 12 nature nature NN 40119 260 13 are be VBP 40119 260 14 always always RB 40119 260 15 due due JJ 40119 260 16 to to IN 40119 260 17 light light NN 40119 260 18 of of IN 40119 260 19 a a DT 40119 260 20 single single JJ 40119 260 21 wave wave NN 40119 260 22 - - HYPH 40119 260 23 length length NN 40119 260 24 ; ; : 40119 260 25 light light NN 40119 260 26 of of IN 40119 260 27 this this DT 40119 260 28 kind kind NN 40119 260 29 is be VBZ 40119 260 30 indeed indeed RB 40119 260 31 rarely rarely RB 40119 260 32 met meet VBN 40119 260 33 with with IN 40119 260 34 outside outside JJ 40119 260 35 laboratories laboratory NNS 40119 260 36 and and CC 40119 260 37 lecture lecture NN 40119 260 38 rooms room NNS 40119 260 39 . . . 40119 261 1 Far far RB 40119 261 2 more more RBR 40119 261 3 commonly commonly RB 40119 261 4 coloured coloured JJ 40119 261 5 light light NN 40119 261 6 consists consist VBZ 40119 261 7 of of IN 40119 261 8 mixed mixed JJ 40119 261 9 rays ray NNS 40119 261 10 , , , 40119 261 11 and and CC 40119 261 12 like like IN 40119 261 13 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 261 14 white white JJ 40119 261 15 light light NN 40119 261 16 , , , 40119 261 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 261 18 may may MD 40119 261 19 , , , 40119 261 20 and and CC 40119 261 21 generally generally RB 40119 261 22 does do VBZ 40119 261 23 , , , 40119 261 24 contain contain VB 40119 261 25 all all PDT 40119 261 26 the the DT 40119 261 27 colours colour NNS 40119 261 28 of of IN 40119 261 29 the the DT 40119 261 30 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 261 31 , , , 40119 261 32 but but CC 40119 261 33 in in IN 40119 261 34 different different JJ 40119 261 35 proportions proportion NNS 40119 261 36 . . . 40119 262 1 This this DT 40119 262 2 last last JJ 40119 262 3 assertion assertion NN 40119 262 4 is be VBZ 40119 262 5 easily easily RB 40119 262 6 proved prove VBN 40119 262 7 . . . 40119 263 1 By by IN 40119 263 2 means mean NNS 40119 263 3 of of IN 40119 263 4 a a DT 40119 263 5 slip slip NN 40119 263 6 of of IN 40119 263 7 card card NN 40119 263 8 we -PRON- PRP 40119 263 9 may may MD 40119 263 10 intercept intercept VB 40119 263 11 a a DT 40119 263 12 portion portion NN 40119 263 13 of of IN 40119 263 14 the the DT 40119 263 15 little little JJ 40119 263 16 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 263 17 formed form VBN 40119 263 18 at at IN 40119 263 19 H h NN 40119 263 20 ( ( -LRB- 40119 263 21 Fig fig NN 40119 263 22 . . . 40119 264 1 3 3 LS 40119 264 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 264 3 . . . 40119 265 1 The the DT 40119 265 2 dark dark JJ 40119 265 3 shadow shadow NN 40119 265 4 of of IN 40119 265 5 the the DT 40119 265 6 card card NN 40119 265 7 in in IN 40119 265 8 the the DT 40119 265 9 enlarged enlarged JJ 40119 265 10 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 265 11 on on IN 40119 265 12 the the DT 40119 265 13 screen screen NN 40119 265 14 is be VBZ 40119 265 15 shown show VBN 40119 265 16 in in IN 40119 265 17 Fig Fig NNP 40119 265 18 . . . 40119 266 1 4 4 LS 40119 266 2 . . . 40119 267 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 267 2 will will MD 40119 267 3 be be VB 40119 267 4 noticed notice VBN 40119 267 5 that that IN 40119 267 6 the the DT 40119 267 7 shadow shadow NN 40119 267 8 cuts cut VBZ 40119 267 9 off off RP 40119 267 10 a a DT 40119 267 11 part part NN 40119 267 12 only only RB 40119 267 13 of of IN 40119 267 14 the the DT 40119 267 15 red red JJ 40119 267 16 , , , 40119 267 17 orange orange JJ 40119 267 18 , , , 40119 267 19 and and CC 40119 267 20 yellow yellow JJ 40119 267 21 light light NN 40119 267 22 , , , 40119 267 23 allowing allow VBG 40119 267 24 the the DT 40119 267 25 remainder remainder NN 40119 267 26 to to TO 40119 267 27 pass pass VB 40119 267 28 through through IN 40119 267 29 the the DT 40119 267 30 projection projection NN 40119 267 31 lenses lense NNS 40119 267 32 . . . 40119 268 1 There there EX 40119 268 2 are be VBP 40119 268 3 still still RB 40119 268 4 rays ray NNS 40119 268 5 of of IN 40119 268 6 every every DT 40119 268 7 possible possible JJ 40119 268 8 wave wave NN 40119 268 9 - - HYPH 40119 268 10 length length NN 40119 268 11 from from IN 40119 268 12 extreme extreme JJ 40119 268 13 red red NN 40119 268 14 to to IN 40119 268 15 extreme extreme JJ 40119 268 16 violet violet NN 40119 268 17 , , , 40119 268 18 but but CC 40119 268 19 the the DT 40119 268 20 proportion proportion NN 40119 268 21 of of IN 40119 268 22 those those DT 40119 268 23 towards towards IN 40119 268 24 the the DT 40119 268 25 red red JJ 40119 268 26 end end NN 40119 268 27 is be VBZ 40119 268 28 less less JJR 40119 268 29 than than IN 40119 268 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 268 31 was be VBD 40119 268 32 before before IN 40119 268 33 the the DT 40119 268 34 card card NN 40119 268 35 was be VBD 40119 268 36 interposed interpose VBN 40119 268 37 . . . 40119 269 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 269 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 269 3 : : : 40119 269 4 _ _ NNP 40119 269 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 269 6 . . . 40119 270 1 4.--Partially 4.--partially CD 40119 270 2 intercepted intercept VBD 40119 270 3 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 270 4 . . . 40119 270 5 _ _ NNP 40119 270 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 270 7 If if IN 40119 270 8 now now RB 40119 270 9 we -PRON- PRP 40119 270 10 remove remove VBP 40119 270 11 the the DT 40119 270 12 lens lens NN 40119 270 13 I -PRON- PRP 40119 270 14 ( ( -LRB- 40119 270 15 Fig fig NN 40119 270 16 . . . 40119 271 1 3 3 LS 40119 271 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 271 3 and and CC 40119 271 4 so so RB 40119 271 5 mix mix VB 40119 271 6 the the DT 40119 271 7 colours colour NNS 40119 271 8 of of IN 40119 271 9 this this DT 40119 271 10 mutilated mutilate VBN 40119 271 11 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 271 12 , , , 40119 271 13 the the DT 40119 271 14 bright bright JJ 40119 271 15 round round JJ 40119 271 16 patch patch NN 40119 271 17 where where WRB 40119 271 18 the the DT 40119 271 19 mixed mix VBN 40119 271 20 rays ray NNS 40119 271 21 fall fall VBP 40119 271 22 upon upon IN 40119 271 23 the the DT 40119 271 24 screen screen NN 40119 271 25 will will MD 40119 271 26 no no RB 40119 271 27 longer longer RB 40119 271 28 appear appear VB 40119 271 29 white white JJ 40119 271 30 but but CC 40119 271 31 greenish greenish NN 40119 271 32 - - HYPH 40119 271 33 blue blue JJ 40119 271 34 . . . 40119 272 1 If if IN 40119 272 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 272 3 transfer transfer VBP 40119 272 4 the the DT 40119 272 5 card card NN 40119 272 6 to to IN 40119 272 7 the the DT 40119 272 8 other other JJ 40119 272 9 end end NN 40119 272 10 of of IN 40119 272 11 the the DT 40119 272 12 little little JJ 40119 272 13 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 272 14 , , , 40119 272 15 so so IN 40119 272 16 as as IN 40119 272 17 to to TO 40119 272 18 cause cause VB 40119 272 19 a a DT 40119 272 20 partial partial JJ 40119 272 21 eclipse eclipse NN 40119 272 22 of of IN 40119 272 23 the the DT 40119 272 24 violet violet NN 40119 272 25 , , , 40119 272 26 blue blue NNP 40119 272 27 , , , 40119 272 28 and and CC 40119 272 29 green green JJ 40119 272 30 rays ray NNS 40119 272 31 , , , 40119 272 32 the the DT 40119 272 33 colour colour NN 40119 272 34 of of IN 40119 272 35 the the DT 40119 272 36 patch patch NN 40119 272 37 will will MD 40119 272 38 be be VB 40119 272 39 changed change VBN 40119 272 40 to to TO 40119 272 41 orange orange VB 40119 272 42 . . . 40119 273 1 If if IN 40119 273 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 273 3 remove remove VBP 40119 273 4 the the DT 40119 273 5 card card NN 40119 273 6 altogether altogether RB 40119 273 7 , , , 40119 273 8 the the DT 40119 273 9 patch patch NN 40119 273 10 will will MD 40119 273 11 once once RB 40119 273 12 more more RBR 40119 273 13 become become VB 40119 273 14 white white JJ 40119 273 15 . . . 40119 274 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 274 2 follows follow VBZ 40119 274 3 _ _ IN 40119 274 4 a a DT 40119 274 5 fortiori fortiori NN 40119 274 6 _ _ NNP 40119 274 7 that that IN 40119 274 8 when when WRB 40119 274 9 any any DT 40119 274 10 portion portion NN 40119 274 11 of of IN 40119 274 12 the the DT 40119 274 13 little little JJ 40119 274 14 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 274 15 is be VBZ 40119 274 16 eclipsed eclipse VBN 40119 274 17 totally totally RB 40119 274 18 , , , 40119 274 19 instead instead RB 40119 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change VBZ 40119 276 13 successively successively RB 40119 276 14 to to IN 40119 276 15 blue blue JJ 40119 276 16 , , , 40119 276 17 purple purple JJ 40119 276 18 , , , 40119 276 19 scarlet scarlet JJ 40119 276 20 , , , 40119 276 21 orange orange JJ 40119 276 22 , , , 40119 276 23 yellow yellow JJ 40119 276 24 , , , 40119 276 25 and and CC 40119 276 26 finally finally RB 40119 276 27 , , , 40119 276 28 when when WRB 40119 276 29 the the DT 40119 276 30 knife knife NN 40119 276 31 has have VBZ 40119 276 32 completed complete VBN 40119 276 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 276 34 course course NN 40119 276 35 , , , 40119 276 36 all all DT 40119 276 37 colour colour NN 40119 276 38 disappears disappear NNS 40119 276 39 and and CC 40119 276 40 the the DT 40119 276 41 patch patch NN 40119 276 42 is be VBZ 40119 276 43 again again RB 40119 276 44 white white JJ 40119 276 45 . . . 40119 277 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 277 2 may may MD 40119 277 3 improve improve VB 40119 277 4 upon upon IN 40119 277 5 this this DT 40119 277 6 crude crude JJ 40119 277 7 experiment experiment NN 40119 277 8 , , , 40119 277 9 and and CC 40119 277 10 , , , 40119 277 11 after after IN 40119 277 12 Captain Captain NNP 40119 277 13 Abney Abney NNP 40119 277 14 's 's POS 40119 277 15 plan plan NN 40119 277 16 , , , 40119 277 17 prepare prepare VB 40119 277 18 a a DT 40119 277 19 number number NN 40119 277 20 of of IN 40119 277 21 small small JJ 40119 277 22 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 277 23 stencils stencil NNS 40119 277 24 , , , 40119 277 25 with with IN 40119 277 26 openings opening NNS 40119 277 27 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 277 28 to to IN 40119 277 29 any any DT 40119 277 30 selected select VBN 40119 277 31 parts part NNS 40119 277 32 of of IN 40119 277 33 the the DT 40119 277 34 little little JJ 40119 277 35 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 277 36 . . . 40119 278 1 When when WRB 40119 278 2 a a DT 40119 278 3 card card NN 40119 278 4 so so RB 40119 278 5 prepared prepared JJ 40119 278 6 is be VBZ 40119 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10 patch patch NN 40119 280 11 is be VBZ 40119 280 12 generally generally RB 40119 280 13 , , , 40119 280 14 but but CC 40119 280 15 not not RB 40119 280 16 always always RB 40119 280 17 , , , 40119 280 18 coloured colour VBN 40119 280 19 . . . 40119 281 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 281 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 281 3 : : : 40119 281 4 _ _ NNP 40119 281 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 281 6 . . . 40119 282 1 5.--Stencil 5.--stencil CD 40119 282 2 Cards Cards NNPS 40119 282 3 . . . 40119 282 4 _ _ NNP 40119 282 5 ] ] -RRB- 40119 282 6 The the DT 40119 282 7 first first JJ 40119 282 8 diagram diagram NN 40119 282 9 in in IN 40119 282 10 Fig Fig NNP 40119 282 11 . . . 40119 283 1 5 5 CD 40119 283 2 represents represent VBZ 40119 283 3 a a DT 40119 283 4 blackened blacken VBN 40119 283 5 card card NN 40119 283 6 , , , 40119 283 7 which which WDT 40119 283 8 allows allow VBZ 40119 283 9 only only RB 40119 283 10 the the DT 40119 283 11 red red NN 40119 283 12 and and CC 40119 283 13 a a DT 40119 283 14 little little JJ 40119 283 15 of of IN 40119 283 16 the the DT 40119 283 17 orange orange NN 40119 283 18 to to TO 40119 283 19 pass pass VB 40119 283 20 through through RB 40119 283 21 . . . 40119 284 1 When when WRB 40119 284 2 this this DT 40119 284 3 is be VBZ 40119 284 4 inserted insert VBN 40119 284 5 in in IN 40119 284 6 the the DT 40119 284 7 grooved grooved JJ 40119 284 8 holder holder NN 40119 284 9 at at IN 40119 284 10 H h NN 40119 284 11 , , , 40119 284 12 the the DT 40119 284 13 bright bright JJ 40119 284 14 patch patch NN 40119 284 15 immediately immediately RB 40119 284 16 turns turn VBZ 40119 284 17 red red JJ 40119 284 18 . . . 40119 285 1 The the DT 40119 285 2 second second JJ 40119 285 3 diagram diagram NN 40119 285 4 shows show VBZ 40119 285 5 another another DT 40119 285 6 , , , 40119 285 7 which which WDT 40119 285 8 transmits transmit VBZ 40119 285 9 the the DT 40119 285 10 middle middle JJ 40119 285 11 portion portion NN 40119 285 12 of of IN 40119 285 13 the the DT 40119 285 14 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 285 15 , , , 40119 285 16 but but CC 40119 285 17 blocks block VBZ 40119 285 18 the the DT 40119 285 19 red red NN 40119 285 20 and and CC 40119 285 21 the the DT 40119 285 22 violet violet NN 40119 285 23 at at IN 40119 285 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 285 25 two two CD 40119 285 26 ends end NNS 40119 285 27 : : : 40119 285 28 with with IN 40119 285 29 this this DT 40119 285 30 card card NN 40119 285 31 the the DT 40119 285 32 colour colour NN 40119 285 33 of of IN 40119 285 34 the the DT 40119 285 35 patch patch NN 40119 285 36 becomes become VBZ 40119 285 37 green green JJ 40119 285 38 . . . 40119 286 1 The the DT 40119 286 2 third third JJ 40119 286 3 card card NN 40119 286 4 has have VBZ 40119 286 5 openings opening NNS 40119 286 6 for for IN 40119 286 7 the the DT 40119 286 8 violet violet NN 40119 286 9 and and CC 40119 286 10 the the DT 40119 286 11 red red JJ 40119 286 12 rays ray NNS 40119 286 13 : : : 40119 286 14 this this DT 40119 286 15 turns turn VBZ 40119 286 16 the the DT 40119 286 17 patch patch NN 40119 286 18 a a DT 40119 286 19 beautiful beautiful JJ 40119 286 20 purple purple NN 40119 286 21 , , , 40119 286 22 a a DT 40119 286 23 hue hue NN 40119 286 24 which which WDT 40119 286 25 , , , 40119 286 26 as as IN 40119 286 27 already already RB 40119 286 28 mentioned mention VBN 40119 286 29 , , , 40119 286 30 is be VBZ 40119 286 31 not not RB 40119 286 32 produced produce VBN 40119 286 33 by by IN 40119 286 34 light light NN 40119 286 35 of of IN 40119 286 36 any any DT 40119 286 37 single single JJ 40119 286 38 wave wave NN 40119 286 39 - - HYPH 40119 286 40 length length NN 40119 286 41 . . . 40119 287 1 The the DT 40119 287 2 purples purple NNS 40119 287 3 are be VBP 40119 287 4 mixtures mixture NNS 40119 287 5 of of IN 40119 287 6 red red JJ 40119 287 7 and and CC 40119 287 8 violet violet NN 40119 287 9 or or CC 40119 287 10 of of IN 40119 287 11 red red JJ 40119 287 12 and and CC 40119 287 13 blue blue JJ 40119 287 14 . . . 40119 288 1 Now now RB 40119 288 2 I -PRON- PRP 40119 288 3 have have VBP 40119 288 4 in in IN 40119 288 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 288 6 possession possession NN 40119 288 7 three three CD 40119 288 8 pieces piece NNS 40119 288 9 of of IN 40119 288 10 glass glass NN 40119 288 11 ( ( -LRB- 40119 288 12 or or CC 40119 288 13 , , , 40119 288 14 to to TO 40119 288 15 be be VB 40119 288 16 strictly strictly RB 40119 288 17 accurate accurate JJ 40119 288 18 , , , 40119 288 19 two two CD 40119 288 20 pieces piece NNS 40119 288 21 of of IN 40119 288 22 glass glass NN 40119 288 23 and and CC 40119 288 24 one one CD 40119 288 25 glass glass NN 40119 288 26 - - HYPH 40119 288 27 mounted mount VBN 40119 288 28 gelatine gelatine NN 40119 288 29 film film NN 40119 288 30 ) ) -RRB- 40119 288 31 which which WDT 40119 288 32 , , , 40119 288 33 when when WRB 40119 288 34 placed place VBN 40119 288 35 transversely transversely RB 40119 288 36 in in IN 40119 288 37 the the DT 40119 288 38 beam beam NN 40119 288 39 of of IN 40119 288 40 light light NN 40119 288 41 , , , 40119 288 42 either either CC 40119 288 43 at at IN 40119 288 44 H h NN 40119 288 45 ( ( -LRB- 40119 288 46 Fig fig NN 40119 288 47 . . . 40119 289 1 3 3 LS 40119 289 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 289 3 or or CC 40119 289 4 anywhere anywhere RB 40119 289 5 else else RB 40119 289 6 , , , 40119 289 7 behave behave VB 40119 289 8 exactly exactly RB 40119 289 9 like like IN 40119 289 10 these these DT 40119 289 11 three three CD 40119 289 12 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 289 13 stencils stencil NNS 40119 289 14 . . . 40119 290 1 The the DT 40119 290 2 first first JJ 40119 290 3 glass glass NN 40119 290 4 cuts cut VBZ 40119 290 5 off off RP 40119 290 6 all all PDT 40119 290 7 the the DT 40119 290 8 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 290 9 except except IN 40119 290 10 the the DT 40119 290 11 red red NN 40119 290 12 and and CC 40119 290 13 part part NN 40119 290 14 of of IN 40119 290 15 the the DT 40119 290 16 orange orange NN 40119 290 17 , , , 40119 290 18 just just RB 40119 290 19 as as IN 40119 290 20 the the DT 40119 290 21 first first JJ 40119 290 22 stencil stencil NN 40119 290 23 does do VBZ 40119 290 24 , , , 40119 290 25 though though IN 40119 290 26 the the DT 40119 290 27 line line NN 40119 290 28 of of IN 40119 290 29 demarcation demarcation NN 40119 290 30 is be VBZ 40119 290 31 not not RB 40119 290 32 quite quite RB 40119 290 33 so so RB 40119 290 34 sharp sharp JJ 40119 290 35 . . . 40119 291 1 This this DT 40119 291 2 is be VBZ 40119 291 3 in in IN 40119 291 4 fact fact NN 40119 291 5 a a DT 40119 291 6 piece piece NN 40119 291 7 of of IN 40119 291 8 red red JJ 40119 291 9 glass glass NN 40119 291 10 , , , 40119 291 11 or or CC 40119 291 12 in in IN 40119 291 13 other other JJ 40119 291 14 words word NNS 40119 291 15 the the DT 40119 291 16 light light NN 40119 291 17 that that WDT 40119 291 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 291 19 transmits transmit VBZ 40119 291 20 produces produce VBZ 40119 291 21 the the DT 40119 291 22 sensation sensation NN 40119 291 23 of of IN 40119 291 24 red red NN 40119 291 25 . . . 40119 292 1 The the DT 40119 292 2 second second JJ 40119 292 3 glass glass NN 40119 292 4 , , , 40119 292 5 like like IN 40119 292 6 the the DT 40119 292 7 second second JJ 40119 292 8 stencil stencil NN 40119 292 9 , , , 40119 292 10 allows allow VBZ 40119 292 11 the the DT 40119 292 12 whole whole NN 40119 292 13 of of IN 40119 292 14 the the DT 40119 292 15 spectral spectral JJ 40119 292 16 rays ray NNS 40119 292 17 to to TO 40119 292 18 pass pass VB 40119 292 19 freely freely RB 40119 292 20 except except IN 40119 292 21 the the DT 40119 292 22 red red NN 40119 292 23 and and CC 40119 292 24 the the DT 40119 292 25 violet violet NN 40119 292 26 , , , 40119 292 27 which which WDT 40119 292 28 disappear disappear VBP 40119 292 29 as as IN 40119 292 30 if if IN 40119 292 31 they -PRON- PRP 40119 292 32 were be VBD 40119 292 33 obstructed obstruct VBN 40119 292 34 by by IN 40119 292 35 an an DT 40119 292 36 opaque opaque JJ 40119 292 37 body body NN 40119 292 38 . . . 40119 293 1 This this DT 40119 293 2 is be VBZ 40119 293 3 a a DT 40119 293 4 green green JJ 40119 293 5 glass glass NN 40119 293 6 . . . 40119 294 1 And and CC 40119 294 2 the the DT 40119 294 3 third third JJ 40119 294 4 ( ( -LRB- 40119 294 5 which which WDT 40119 294 6 is be VBZ 40119 294 7 really really RB 40119 294 8 a a DT 40119 294 9 film film NN 40119 294 10 of of IN 40119 294 11 gelatine gelatine NN 40119 294 12 ) ) -RRB- 40119 294 13 cuts cut VBZ 40119 294 14 out out RP 40119 294 15 the the DT 40119 294 16 middle middle NN 40119 294 17 of of IN 40119 294 18 the the DT 40119 294 19 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 294 20 but but CC 40119 294 21 transmits transmit VBZ 40119 294 22 the the DT 40119 294 23 red red JJ 40119 294 24 and and CC 40119 294 25 violet violet NN 40119 294 26 ends end NNS 40119 294 27 . . . 40119 295 1 The the DT 40119 295 2 colour colour NN 40119 295 3 of of IN 40119 295 4 the the DT 40119 295 5 gelatine gelatine NN 40119 295 6 is be VBZ 40119 295 7 purple purple JJ 40119 295 8 . . . 40119 296 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 296 2 5 5 LS 40119 296 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 296 4 The the DT 40119 296 5 glasses glass NNS 40119 296 6 and and CC 40119 296 7 the the DT 40119 296 8 gelatine gelatine NN 40119 296 9 in in IN 40119 296 10 question question NN 40119 296 11 act act NNP 40119 296 12 like like IN 40119 296 13 the the DT 40119 296 14 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 296 15 stencils stencil NNS 40119 296 16 in in IN 40119 296 17 completely completely RB 40119 296 18 cutting cut VBG 40119 296 19 off off RP 40119 296 20 some some DT 40119 296 21 of of IN 40119 296 22 the the DT 40119 296 23 spectral spectral JJ 40119 296 24 rays ray NNS 40119 296 25 and and CC 40119 296 26 transmitting transmit VBG 40119 296 27 others other NNS 40119 296 28 , , , 40119 296 29 and and CC 40119 296 30 they -PRON- PRP 40119 296 31 owe owe VBP 40119 296 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 296 33 apparent apparent JJ 40119 296 34 colours colour NNS 40119 296 35 to to IN 40119 296 36 the the DT 40119 296 37 combined combine VBN 40119 296 38 influence influence NN 40119 296 39 which which WDT 40119 296 40 the the DT 40119 296 41 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 296 42 rays ray NNS 40119 296 43 exert exert VBP 40119 296 44 upon upon IN 40119 296 45 the the DT 40119 296 46 eye eye NN 40119 296 47 . . . 40119 297 1 Many many JJ 40119 297 2 other other JJ 40119 297 3 coloured coloured JJ 40119 297 4 glasses glass NNS 40119 297 5 merely merely RB 40119 297 6 weaken weaken VBP 40119 297 7 some some DT 40119 297 8 of of IN 40119 297 9 the the DT 40119 297 10 rays ray NNS 40119 297 11 , , , 40119 297 12 without without IN 40119 297 13 entirely entirely RB 40119 297 14 quenching quench VBG 40119 297 15 any any DT 40119 297 16 . . . 40119 298 1 A a DT 40119 298 2 piece piece NN 40119 298 3 of of IN 40119 298 4 pale pale JJ 40119 298 5 yellow yellow JJ 40119 298 6 glass glass NN 40119 298 7 , , , 40119 298 8 for for IN 40119 298 9 example example NN 40119 298 10 , , , 40119 298 11 when when WRB 40119 298 12 placed place VBN 40119 298 13 in in IN 40119 298 14 the the DT 40119 298 15 path path NN 40119 298 16 of of IN 40119 298 17 the the DT 40119 298 18 beam beam NN 40119 298 19 of of IN 40119 298 20 light light NN 40119 298 21 from from IN 40119 298 22 which which WDT 40119 298 23 the the DT 40119 298 24 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 298 25 on on IN 40119 298 26 the the DT 40119 298 27 screen screen NN 40119 298 28 is be VBZ 40119 298 29 formed form VBN 40119 298 30 , , , 40119 298 31 simply simply RB 40119 298 32 diminishes diminish VBZ 40119 298 33 the the DT 40119 298 34 brightness brightness NN 40119 298 35 of of IN 40119 298 36 the the DT 40119 298 37 blue blue JJ 40119 298 38 region region NN 40119 298 39 and and CC 40119 298 40 does do VBZ 40119 298 41 not not RB 40119 298 42 wholly wholly RB 40119 298 43 quench quench VB 40119 298 44 any any DT 40119 298 45 of of IN 40119 298 46 the the DT 40119 298 47 rays ray NNS 40119 298 48 ; ; : 40119 298 49 and and CC 40119 298 50 again again RB 40119 298 51 , , , 40119 298 52 a a DT 40119 298 53 common common JJ 40119 298 54 kind kind NN 40119 298 55 of of IN 40119 298 56 violet violet NN 40119 298 57 - - HYPH 40119 298 58 coloured colour VBN 40119 298 59 glass glass NN 40119 298 60 enfeebles enfeeble NNS 40119 298 61 , , , 40119 298 62 but but CC 40119 298 63 does do VBZ 40119 298 64 not not RB 40119 298 65 quite quite RB 40119 298 66 obliterate obliterate VB 40119 298 67 , , , 40119 298 68 the the DT 40119 298 69 middle middle JJ 40119 298 70 portion portion NN 40119 298 71 of of IN 40119 298 72 the the DT 40119 298 73 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 298 74 . . . 40119 299 1 From from IN 40119 299 2 such such JJ 40119 299 3 observations observation NNS 40119 299 4 as as IN 40119 299 5 these these DT 40119 299 6 we -PRON- PRP 40119 299 7 infer infer VBP 40119 299 8 that that IN 40119 299 9 the the DT 40119 299 10 glasses glass NNS 40119 299 11 derive derive VBP 40119 299 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 299 13 respective respective JJ 40119 299 14 colours colour NNS 40119 299 15 from from IN 40119 299 16 the the DT 40119 299 17 light light NN 40119 299 18 which which WDT 40119 299 19 falls fall VBZ 40119 299 20 upon upon IN 40119 299 21 them -PRON- PRP 40119 299 22 . . . 40119 300 1 The the DT 40119 300 2 first first JJ 40119 300 3 glass glass NN 40119 300 4 would would MD 40119 300 5 not not RB 40119 300 6 appear appear VB 40119 300 7 red red JJ 40119 300 8 if if IN 40119 300 9 seen see VBN 40119 300 10 in in IN 40119 300 11 a a DT 40119 300 12 light light NN 40119 300 13 which which WDT 40119 300 14 contained contain VBD 40119 300 15 no no DT 40119 300 16 red red JJ 40119 300 17 rays ray NNS 40119 300 18 . . . 40119 301 1 This this DT 40119 301 2 is be VBZ 40119 301 3 easily easily RB 40119 301 4 proved prove VBN 40119 301 5 by by IN 40119 301 6 an an DT 40119 301 7 experiment experiment NN 40119 301 8 with with IN 40119 301 9 the the DT 40119 301 10 colour colour NN 40119 301 11 - - HYPH 40119 301 12 patch patch NN 40119 301 13 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 301 14 . . . 40119 302 1 The the DT 40119 302 2 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 302 3 being be VBG 40119 302 4 once once RB 40119 302 5 more more RBR 40119 302 6 combined combine VBN 40119 302 7 into into IN 40119 302 8 a a DT 40119 302 9 bright bright JJ 40119 302 10 white white JJ 40119 302 11 patch patch NN 40119 302 12 ( ( -LRB- 40119 302 13 which which WDT 40119 302 14 turns turn VBZ 40119 302 15 red red JJ 40119 302 16 if if IN 40119 302 17 the the DT 40119 302 18 glass glass NN 40119 302 19 is be VBZ 40119 302 20 for for IN 40119 302 21 a a DT 40119 302 22 moment moment NN 40119 302 23 interposed interpose VBN 40119 302 24 ) ) -RRB- 40119 302 25 , , , 40119 302 26 let let VB 40119 302 27 all all PDT 40119 302 28 the the DT 40119 302 29 red red JJ 40119 302 30 rays ray NNS 40119 302 31 and and CC 40119 302 32 part part NN 40119 302 33 of of IN 40119 302 34 the the DT 40119 302 35 orange orange NN 40119 302 36 be be VB 40119 302 37 cut cut VBN 40119 302 38 off off RP 40119 302 39 with with IN 40119 302 40 a a DT 40119 302 41 suitable suitable JJ 40119 302 42 stencil stencil NN 40119 302 43 . . . 40119 303 1 The the DT 40119 303 2 re re JJ 40119 303 3 - - JJ 40119 303 4 combined combined JJ 40119 303 5 light light NN 40119 303 6 is be VBZ 40119 303 7 no no DT 40119 303 8 longer long RBR 40119 303 9 white white JJ 40119 303 10 but but CC 40119 303 11 greenish greenish NN 40119 303 12 - - HYPH 40119 303 13 blue blue JJ 40119 303 14 , , , 40119 303 15 as as IN 40119 303 16 is be VBZ 40119 303 17 evidenced evidence VBN 40119 303 18 by by IN 40119 303 19 the the DT 40119 303 20 colour colour NN 40119 303 21 of of IN 40119 303 22 the the DT 40119 303 23 patch patch NN 40119 303 24 ; ; : 40119 303 25 and and CC 40119 303 26 nothing nothing NN 40119 303 27 that that WDT 40119 303 28 is be VBZ 40119 303 29 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 303 30 by by IN 40119 303 31 this this DT 40119 303 32 light light NN 40119 303 33 can can MD 40119 303 34 possibly possibly RB 40119 303 35 appear appear VB 40119 303 36 red red JJ 40119 303 37 . . . 40119 304 1 The the DT 40119 304 2 piece piece NN 40119 304 3 of of IN 40119 304 4 red red JJ 40119 304 5 glass glass NN 40119 304 6 , , , 40119 304 7 if if IN 40119 304 8 placed place VBN 40119 304 9 in in IN 40119 304 10 the the DT 40119 304 11 beam beam NN 40119 304 12 , , , 40119 304 13 will will MD 40119 304 14 now now RB 40119 304 15 cast cast VB 40119 304 16 a a DT 40119 304 17 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 304 18 black black JJ 40119 304 19 shadow shadow NN 40119 304 20 , , , 40119 304 21 and and CC 40119 304 22 a a DT 40119 304 23 square square NN 40119 304 24 of of IN 40119 304 25 bright bright JJ 40119 304 26 red red JJ 40119 304 27 paper paper NN 40119 304 28 held hold VBN 40119 304 29 in in IN 40119 304 30 the the DT 40119 304 31 middle middle NN 40119 304 32 of of IN 40119 304 33 the the DT 40119 304 34 patch patch NN 40119 304 35 will will MD 40119 304 36 look look VB 40119 304 37 as as RB 40119 304 38 black black JJ 40119 304 39 as as IN 40119 304 40 ink ink NN 40119 304 41 . . . 40119 305 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 305 2 will will MD 40119 305 3 be be VB 40119 305 4 shown show VBN 40119 305 5 later later RB 40119 305 6 how how WRB 40119 305 7 we -PRON- PRP 40119 305 8 may may MD 40119 305 9 obtain obtain VB 40119 305 10 light light NN 40119 305 11 which which WDT 40119 305 12 , , , 40119 305 13 although although IN 40119 305 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 305 15 appears appear VBZ 40119 305 16 to to IN 40119 305 17 the the DT 40119 305 18 eye eye NN 40119 305 19 to to TO 40119 305 20 differ differ VB 40119 305 21 in in IN 40119 305 22 no no DT 40119 305 23 respect respect NN 40119 305 24 from from IN 40119 305 25 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 305 26 white white JJ 40119 305 27 daylight daylight NN 40119 305 28 , , , 40119 305 29 yet yet RB 40119 305 30 contains contain VBZ 40119 305 31 no no DT 40119 305 32 red red JJ 40119 305 33 component component NN 40119 305 34 , , , 40119 305 35 and and CC 40119 305 36 is be VBZ 40119 305 37 consequently consequently RB 40119 305 38 as as RB 40119 305 39 powerless powerless JJ 40119 305 40 as as IN 40119 305 41 this this DT 40119 305 42 greenish greenish NN 40119 305 43 - - HYPH 40119 305 44 blue blue JJ 40119 305 45 light light NN 40119 305 46 to to TO 40119 305 47 reveal reveal VB 40119 305 48 any any DT 40119 305 49 red red JJ 40119 305 50 colour colour NN 40119 305 51 in in IN 40119 305 52 the the DT 40119 305 53 objects object NNS 40119 305 54 which which WDT 40119 305 55 it -PRON- PRP 40119 305 56 illuminates illuminate VBZ 40119 305 57 . . . 40119 306 1 If if IN 40119 306 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 306 3 substitute substitute VBP 40119 306 4 a a DT 40119 306 5 stencil stencil NN 40119 306 6 which which WDT 40119 306 7 admits admit VBZ 40119 306 8 only only RB 40119 306 9 red red JJ 40119 306 10 rays ray NNS 40119 306 11 , , , 40119 306 12 we -PRON- PRP 40119 306 13 shall shall MD 40119 306 14 obtain obtain VB 40119 306 15 a a DT 40119 306 16 beam beam NN 40119 306 17 of of IN 40119 306 18 light light NN 40119 306 19 in in IN 40119 306 20 which which WDT 40119 306 21 no no DT 40119 306 22 colour colour NN 40119 306 23 but but CC 40119 306 24 red red NN 40119 306 25 can can MD 40119 306 26 be be VB 40119 306 27 seen see VBN 40119 306 28 . . . 40119 307 1 Green green JJ 40119 307 2 and and CC 40119 307 3 blue blue JJ 40119 307 4 glasses glass NNS 40119 307 5 when when WRB 40119 307 6 exposed expose VBN 40119 307 7 to to IN 40119 307 8 this this DT 40119 307 9 light light NN 40119 307 10 will will MD 40119 307 11 cast cast VB 40119 307 12 black black JJ 40119 307 13 shadows shadow NNS 40119 307 14 , , , 40119 307 15 while while IN 40119 307 16 pieces piece NNS 40119 307 17 of of IN 40119 307 18 green green JJ 40119 307 19 and and CC 40119 307 20 blue blue JJ 40119 307 21 paper paper NN 40119 307 22 will will MD 40119 307 23 become become VB 40119 307 24 either either DT 40119 307 25 black black JJ 40119 307 26 or or CC 40119 307 27 dark dark JJ 40119 307 28 grey grey NN 40119 307 29 . . . 40119 308 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 308 2 see see VBP 40119 308 3 then then RB 40119 308 4 that that IN 40119 308 5 the the DT 40119 308 6 colours colour NNS 40119 308 7 of of IN 40119 308 8 transparent transparent JJ 40119 308 9 objects object NNS 40119 308 10 , , , 40119 308 11 like like IN 40119 308 12 the the DT 40119 308 13 glasses glass NNS 40119 308 14 used use VBN 40119 308 15 in in IN 40119 308 16 these these DT 40119 308 17 experiments experiment NNS 40119 308 18 , , , 40119 308 19 are be VBP 40119 308 20 brought bring VBN 40119 308 21 out out RP 40119 308 22 by by IN 40119 308 23 a a DT 40119 308 24 process process NN 40119 308 25 of of IN 40119 308 26 filtration filtration NN 40119 308 27 . . . 40119 309 1 Certain certain JJ 40119 309 2 of of IN 40119 309 3 the the DT 40119 309 4 coloured coloured JJ 40119 309 5 ingredients ingredient NNS 40119 309 6 of of IN 40119 309 7 white white JJ 40119 309 8 light light NN 40119 309 9 are be VBP 40119 309 10 filtered filter VBN 40119 309 11 out out RP 40119 309 12 and and CC 40119 309 13 quenched quench VBN 40119 309 14 inside inside IN 40119 309 15 the the DT 40119 309 16 glass glass NN 40119 309 17 , , , 40119 309 18 and and CC 40119 309 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 309 20 is be VBZ 40119 309 21 to to IN 40119 309 22 the the DT 40119 309 23 remaining remain VBG 40119 309 24 ingredients ingredient NNS 40119 309 25 which which WDT 40119 309 26 pass pass VBP 40119 309 27 through through IN 40119 309 28 unimpeded unimpede VBN 40119 309 29 that that IN 40119 309 30 the the DT 40119 309 31 observed observed JJ 40119 309 32 colour colour NN 40119 309 33 is be VBZ 40119 309 34 due due JJ 40119 309 35 . . . 40119 310 1 The the DT 40119 310 2 energy energy NN 40119 310 3 of of IN 40119 310 4 the the DT 40119 310 5 absorbed absorb VBN 40119 310 6 rays ray NNS 40119 310 7 is be VBZ 40119 310 8 not not RB 40119 310 9 lost lose VBN 40119 310 10 of of IN 40119 310 11 course course NN 40119 310 12 , , , 40119 310 13 for for IN 40119 310 14 energy energy NN 40119 310 15 , , , 40119 310 16 like like IN 40119 310 17 matter matter NN 40119 310 18 , , , 40119 310 19 is be VBZ 40119 310 20 indestructible indestructible JJ 40119 310 21 . . . 40119 311 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 311 2 is be VBZ 40119 311 3 transformed transform VBN 40119 311 4 into into IN 40119 311 5 heat heat NN 40119 311 6 . . . 40119 312 1 A a DT 40119 312 2 coloured coloured JJ 40119 312 3 glass glass NN 40119 312 4 held hold VBN 40119 312 5 in in IN 40119 312 6 a a DT 40119 312 7 strong strong JJ 40119 312 8 beam beam NN 40119 312 9 of of IN 40119 312 10 light light NN 40119 312 11 will will MD 40119 312 12 in in IN 40119 312 13 a a DT 40119 312 14 short short JJ 40119 312 15 time time NN 40119 312 16 become become VB 40119 312 17 sensibly sensibly RB 40119 312 18 warmer warm JJR 40119 312 19 than than IN 40119 312 20 one one NN 40119 312 21 that that WDT 40119 312 22 is be VBZ 40119 312 23 clear clear JJ 40119 312 24 and and CC 40119 312 25 colourless colourless JJ 40119 312 26 . . . 40119 313 1 In in IN 40119 313 2 studying study VBG 40119 313 3 colour colour NN 40119 313 4 effects effect NNS 40119 313 5 as as IN 40119 313 6 produced produce VBN 40119 313 7 by by IN 40119 313 8 coloured coloured JJ 40119 313 9 glasses glass NNS 40119 313 10 , , , 40119 313 11 we -PRON- PRP 40119 313 12 have have VBP 40119 313 13 at at IN 40119 313 14 the the DT 40119 313 15 same same JJ 40119 313 16 time time NN 40119 313 17 been be VBN 40119 313 18 learning learn VBG 40119 313 19 how how WRB 40119 313 20 the the DT 40119 313 21 great great JJ 40119 313 22 majority majority NN 40119 313 23 of of IN 40119 313 24 natural natural JJ 40119 313 25 objects object NNS 40119 313 26 -- -- : 40119 313 27 not not RB 40119 313 28 only only RB 40119 313 29 those those DT 40119 313 30 which which WDT 40119 313 31 are be VBP 40119 313 32 transparent transparent JJ 40119 313 33 but but CC 40119 313 34 also also RB 40119 313 35 those those DT 40119 313 36 called call VBN 40119 313 37 opaque opaque NN 40119 313 38 -- -- : 40119 313 39 become become VBP 40119 313 40 possessed possessed JJ 40119 313 41 of of IN 40119 313 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 313 43 colours colour NNS 40119 313 44 . . . 40119 314 1 For for IN 40119 314 2 the the DT 40119 314 3 truth truth NN 40119 314 4 is be VBZ 40119 314 5 that that IN 40119 314 6 few few JJ 40119 314 7 things thing NNS 40119 314 8 are be VBP 40119 314 9 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 314 10 opaque opaque JJ 40119 314 11 . . . 40119 315 1 When when WRB 40119 315 2 white white JJ 40119 315 3 light light NN 40119 315 4 falls fall VBZ 40119 315 5 upon upon IN 40119 315 6 a a DT 40119 315 7 coloured coloured JJ 40119 315 8 body body NN 40119 315 9 , , , 40119 315 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 315 11 generally generally RB 40119 315 12 penetrates penetrate VBZ 40119 315 13 to to IN 40119 315 14 a a DT 40119 315 15 small small JJ 40119 315 16 depth depth NN 40119 315 17 below below IN 40119 315 18 the the DT 40119 315 19 surface surface NN 40119 315 20 , , , 40119 315 21 and and CC 40119 315 22 in in IN 40119 315 23 so so RB 40119 315 24 doing do VBG 40119 315 25 loses lose NNS 40119 315 26 by by IN 40119 315 27 absorption absorption NN 40119 315 28 some some DT 40119 315 29 of of IN 40119 315 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 315 31 coloured coloured JJ 40119 315 32 components component NNS 40119 315 33 , , , 40119 315 34 just just RB 40119 315 35 as as IN 40119 315 36 it -PRON- PRP 40119 315 37 does do VBZ 40119 315 38 in in IN 40119 315 39 passing pass VBG 40119 315 40 through through IN 40119 315 41 the the DT 40119 315 42 pieces piece NNS 40119 315 43 of of IN 40119 315 44 glass glass NN 40119 315 45 . . . 40119 316 1 But but CC 40119 316 2 before before IN 40119 316 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 316 4 has have VBZ 40119 316 5 gone go VBN 40119 316 6 very very RB 40119 316 7 far far RB 40119 316 8 -- -- : 40119 316 9 generally generally RB 40119 316 10 much much RB 40119 316 11 less less JJR 40119 316 12 than than IN 40119 316 13 a a DT 40119 316 14 thousandth thousandth JJ 40119 316 15 part part NN 40119 316 16 of of IN 40119 316 17 an an DT 40119 316 18 inch inch NN 40119 316 19 -- -- : 40119 316 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 316 21 has have VBZ 40119 316 22 encountered encounter VBN 40119 316 23 a a DT 40119 316 24 number number NN 40119 316 25 of of IN 40119 316 26 little little JJ 40119 316 27 reflecting reflect VBG 40119 316 28 surfaces surface NNS 40119 316 29 due due JJ 40119 316 30 to to IN 40119 316 31 optical optical JJ 40119 316 32 irregularities irregularity NNS 40119 316 33 , , , 40119 316 34 which which WDT 40119 316 35 turn turn VBP 40119 316 36 the the DT 40119 316 37 light light NN 40119 316 38 back back RB 40119 316 39 again again RB 40119 316 40 and and CC 40119 316 41 compel compel VB 40119 316 42 it -PRON- PRP 40119 316 43 to to TO 40119 316 44 pass pass VB 40119 316 45 a a DT 40119 316 46 second second JJ 40119 316 47 time time NN 40119 316 48 through through IN 40119 316 49 the the DT 40119 316 50 same same JJ 40119 316 51 thickness thickness NN 40119 316 52 of of IN 40119 316 53 the the DT 40119 316 54 substance substance NN 40119 316 55 : : : 40119 316 56 it -PRON- PRP 40119 316 57 thus thus RB 40119 316 58 becomes become VBZ 40119 316 59 still still RB 40119 316 60 more more RBR 40119 316 61 effectively effectively RB 40119 316 62 sifted sift VBN 40119 316 63 , , , 40119 316 64 and and CC 40119 316 65 on on IN 40119 316 66 emerging emerge VBG 40119 316 67 is be VBZ 40119 316 68 imbued imbue VBN 40119 316 69 with with IN 40119 316 70 a a DT 40119 316 71 colour colour NN 40119 316 72 due due JJ 40119 316 73 to to IN 40119 316 74 such such JJ 40119 316 75 of of IN 40119 316 76 the the DT 40119 316 77 components component NNS 40119 316 78 as as IN 40119 316 79 have have VBP 40119 316 80 not not RB 40119 316 81 been be VBN 40119 316 82 quenched quench VBN 40119 316 83 in in IN 40119 316 84 the the DT 40119 316 85 course course NN 40119 316 86 of of IN 40119 316 87 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 316 88 double double JJ 40119 316 89 journey journey NN 40119 316 90 through through IN 40119 316 91 a a DT 40119 316 92 superficial superficial JJ 40119 316 93 layer layer NN 40119 316 94 of of IN 40119 316 95 the the DT 40119 316 96 substance substance NN 40119 316 97 . . . 40119 317 1 Any any DT 40119 317 2 coloured coloured JJ 40119 317 3 rays ray NNS 40119 317 4 reflected reflect VBN 40119 317 5 by by IN 40119 317 6 an an DT 40119 317 7 object object NN 40119 317 8 must must MD 40119 317 9 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 317 10 be be VB 40119 317 11 contained contain VBN 40119 317 12 in in IN 40119 317 13 the the DT 40119 317 14 light light NN 40119 317 15 by by IN 40119 317 16 which which WDT 40119 317 17 the the DT 40119 317 18 object object NN 40119 317 19 is be VBZ 40119 317 20 seen see VBN 40119 317 21 . . . 40119 318 1 The the DT 40119 318 2 following follow VBG 40119 318 3 is be VBZ 40119 318 4 a a DT 40119 318 5 curious curious JJ 40119 318 6 experiment experiment NN 40119 318 7 illustrating illustrate VBG 40119 318 8 this this DT 40119 318 9 . . . 40119 319 1 A a DT 40119 319 2 large large JJ 40119 319 3 bright bright JJ 40119 319 4 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 319 5 is be VBZ 40119 319 6 projected project VBN 40119 319 7 upon upon IN 40119 319 8 a a DT 40119 319 9 screen screen NN 40119 319 10 and and CC 40119 319 11 in in IN 40119 319 12 the the DT 40119 319 13 green green JJ 40119 319 14 or or CC 40119 319 15 blue blue JJ 40119 319 16 portion portion NN 40119 319 17 of of IN 40119 319 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 319 19 is be VBZ 40119 319 20 held hold VBN 40119 319 21 a a DT 40119 319 22 wall wall NN 40119 319 23 poster poster NN 40119 319 24 . . . 40119 320 1 The the DT 40119 320 2 letters letter NNS 40119 320 3 and and CC 40119 320 4 figures figure NNS 40119 320 5 upon upon IN 40119 320 6 the the DT 40119 320 7 paper paper NN 40119 320 8 are be VBP 40119 320 9 seen see VBN 40119 320 10 to to TO 40119 320 11 stand stand VB 40119 320 12 out out RP 40119 320 13 boldly boldly RB 40119 320 14 as as IN 40119 320 15 if if IN 40119 320 16 printed print VBN 40119 320 17 with with IN 40119 320 18 the the DT 40119 320 19 blackest black JJS 40119 320 20 ink ink NN 40119 320 21 . . . 40119 321 1 But but CC 40119 321 2 if if IN 40119 321 3 the the DT 40119 321 4 poster poster NN 40119 321 5 is be VBZ 40119 321 6 moved move VBN 40119 321 7 into into IN 40119 321 8 the the DT 40119 321 9 red red JJ 40119 321 10 part part NN 40119 321 11 of of IN 40119 321 12 the the DT 40119 321 13 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 321 14 , , , 40119 321 15 the the DT 40119 321 16 printing printing NN 40119 321 17 at at IN 40119 321 18 once once RB 40119 321 19 disappears disappear VBZ 40119 321 20 as as IN 40119 321 21 if if IN 40119 321 22 by by IN 40119 321 23 magic magic NN 40119 321 24 , , , 40119 321 25 and and CC 40119 321 26 the the DT 40119 321 27 paper paper NN 40119 321 28 appears appear VBZ 40119 321 29 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 321 30 blank blank JJ 40119 321 31 . . . 40119 322 1 The the DT 40119 322 2 explanation explanation NN 40119 322 3 is be VBZ 40119 322 4 that that IN 40119 322 5 the the DT 40119 322 6 letters letter NNS 40119 322 7 are be VBP 40119 322 8 printed print VBN 40119 322 9 in in IN 40119 322 10 red red JJ 40119 322 11 ink ink NN 40119 322 12 -- -- : 40119 322 13 they -PRON- PRP 40119 322 14 can can MD 40119 322 15 reflect reflect VB 40119 322 16 no no DT 40119 322 17 light light NN 40119 322 18 but but CC 40119 322 19 red red NN 40119 322 20 . . . 40119 323 1 Green green JJ 40119 323 2 or or CC 40119 323 3 blue blue JJ 40119 323 4 light light NN 40119 323 5 falling fall VBG 40119 323 6 upon upon IN 40119 323 7 them -PRON- PRP 40119 323 8 is be VBZ 40119 323 9 absorbed absorb VBN 40119 323 10 and and CC 40119 323 11 quenched quench VBN 40119 323 12 , , , 40119 323 13 and and CC 40119 323 14 the the DT 40119 323 15 letters letter NNS 40119 323 16 consequently consequently RB 40119 323 17 appear appear VBP 40119 323 18 black black JJ 40119 323 19 . . . 40119 324 1 On on IN 40119 324 2 the the DT 40119 324 3 other other JJ 40119 324 4 hand hand NN 40119 324 5 when when WRB 40119 324 6 the the DT 40119 324 7 poster poster NN 40119 324 8 is be VBZ 40119 324 9 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 324 10 by by IN 40119 324 11 the the DT 40119 324 12 red red JJ 40119 324 13 rays ray NNS 40119 324 14 of of IN 40119 324 15 the the DT 40119 324 16 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 324 17 , , , 40119 324 18 the the DT 40119 324 19 letters letter NNS 40119 324 20 reflect reflect VBP 40119 324 21 just just RB 40119 324 22 as as RB 40119 324 23 much much JJ 40119 324 24 light light NN 40119 324 25 as as IN 40119 324 26 the the DT 40119 324 27 paper paper NN 40119 324 28 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 324 29 , , , 40119 324 30 and and CC 40119 324 31 are be VBP 40119 324 32 therefore therefore RB 40119 324 33 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 40119 324 34 from from IN 40119 324 35 it -PRON- PRP 40119 324 36 . . . 40119 325 1 Anything anything NN 40119 325 2 which which WDT 40119 325 3 , , , 40119 325 4 when when WRB 40119 325 5 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 325 6 by by IN 40119 325 7 a a DT 40119 325 8 source source NN 40119 325 9 of of IN 40119 325 10 white white JJ 40119 325 11 light light NN 40119 325 12 , , , 40119 325 13 reflects reflect VBZ 40119 325 14 all all PDT 40119 325 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 325 16 various various JJ 40119 325 17 components component NNS 40119 325 18 equally equally RB 40119 325 19 and and CC 40119 325 20 without without IN 40119 325 21 absorbing absorb VBG 40119 325 22 a a DT 40119 325 23 larger large JJR 40119 325 24 proportion proportion NN 40119 325 25 of of IN 40119 325 26 some some DT 40119 325 27 than than IN 40119 325 28 of of IN 40119 325 29 others other NNS 40119 325 30 , , , 40119 325 31 appears appear VBZ 40119 325 32 white white JJ 40119 325 33 or or CC 40119 325 34 grey grey JJ 40119 325 35 . . . 40119 326 1 Between between IN 40119 326 2 white white JJ 40119 326 3 and and CC 40119 326 4 grey grey NN 40119 326 5 there there EX 40119 326 6 is be VBZ 40119 326 7 no no DT 40119 326 8 essential essential JJ 40119 326 9 difference difference NN 40119 326 10 except except IN 40119 326 11 in in IN 40119 326 12 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 326 13 , , , 40119 326 14 or or CC 40119 326 15 brightness brightness NN 40119 326 16 , , , 40119 326 17 that that DT 40119 326 18 is be VBZ 40119 326 19 to to TO 40119 326 20 say say VB 40119 326 21 , , , 40119 326 22 in in IN 40119 326 23 the the DT 40119 326 24 quantity quantity NN 40119 326 25 of of IN 40119 326 26 light light NN 40119 326 27 reflected reflect VBN 40119 326 28 to to IN 40119 326 29 the the DT 40119 326 30 eye eye NN 40119 326 31 , , , 40119 326 32 or or CC 40119 326 33 -- -- : 40119 326 34 to to TO 40119 326 35 go go VB 40119 326 36 a a DT 40119 326 37 step step NN 40119 326 38 further far RBR 40119 326 39 back back RB 40119 326 40 -- -- : 40119 326 41 in in IN 40119 326 42 the the DT 40119 326 43 amplitude amplitude NN 40119 326 44 of of IN 40119 326 45 the the DT 40119 326 46 ether ether NN 40119 326 47 waves wave NNS 40119 326 48 . . . 40119 327 1 Under under IN 40119 327 2 different different JJ 40119 327 3 conditions condition NNS 40119 327 4 of of IN 40119 327 5 illumination illumination NN 40119 327 6 any any DT 40119 327 7 substance substance NN 40119 327 8 which which WDT 40119 327 9 reflects reflect VBZ 40119 327 10 all all PDT 40119 327 11 the the DT 40119 327 12 rays ray NNS 40119 327 13 of of IN 40119 327 14 the the DT 40119 327 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 327 16 equally equally RB 40119 327 17 may may MD 40119 327 18 appear appear VB 40119 327 19 either either CC 40119 327 20 white white JJ 40119 327 21 or or CC 40119 327 22 grey grey JJ 40119 327 23 , , , 40119 327 24 or or CC 40119 327 25 even even RB 40119 327 26 black black JJ 40119 327 27 . . . 40119 328 1 A a DT 40119 328 2 snowball snowball NN 40119 328 3 can can MD 40119 328 4 easily easily RB 40119 328 5 be be VB 40119 328 6 made make VBN 40119 328 7 to to TO 40119 328 8 look look VB 40119 328 9 blacker blacker NN 40119 328 10 than than IN 40119 328 11 pitch pitch NN 40119 328 12 , , , 40119 328 13 and and CC 40119 328 14 a a DT 40119 328 15 block block NN 40119 328 16 of of IN 40119 328 17 pitch pitch NN 40119 328 18 whiter whiter NNP 40119 328 19 than than IN 40119 328 20 snow snow NN 40119 328 21 . . . 40119 329 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 329 2 must must MD 40119 329 3 have have VB 40119 329 4 struck strike VBN 40119 329 5 many many JJ 40119 329 6 of of IN 40119 329 7 those those DT 40119 329 8 who who WP 40119 329 9 have have VBP 40119 329 10 thought think VBN 40119 329 11 about about IN 40119 329 12 the the DT 40119 329 13 matter matter NN 40119 329 14 at at RB 40119 329 15 all all RB 40119 329 16 as as IN 40119 329 17 a a DT 40119 329 18 most most RBS 40119 329 19 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 329 20 coincidence coincidence NN 40119 329 21 that that WDT 40119 329 22 sunlight sunlight NN 40119 329 23 should should MD 40119 329 24 be be VB 40119 329 25 white white JJ 40119 329 26 . . . 40119 330 1 White white JJ 40119 330 2 light light NN 40119 330 3 , , , 40119 330 4 as as IN 40119 330 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 330 6 have have VBP 40119 330 7 seen see VBN 40119 330 8 , , , 40119 330 9 consists consist VBZ 40119 330 10 of of IN 40119 330 11 a a DT 40119 330 12 mixture mixture NN 40119 330 13 of of IN 40119 330 14 variously variously RB 40119 330 15 - - HYPH 40119 330 16 coloured coloured JJ 40119 330 17 rays ray NNS 40119 330 18 in in IN 40119 330 19 very very RB 40119 330 20 different different JJ 40119 330 21 and and CC 40119 330 22 apparently apparently RB 40119 330 23 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 40119 330 24 proportions proportion NNS 40119 330 25 , , , 40119 330 26 and and CC 40119 330 27 if if IN 40119 330 28 these these DT 40119 330 29 proportions proportion NNS 40119 330 30 were be VBD 40119 330 31 a a DT 40119 330 32 little little RB 40119 330 33 changed change VBN 40119 330 34 the the DT 40119 330 35 light light NN 40119 330 36 would would MD 40119 330 37 no no RB 40119 330 38 longer longer RB 40119 330 39 be be VB 40119 330 40 quite quite RB 40119 330 41 colourless colourless JJ 40119 330 42 . . . 40119 331 1 No no DT 40119 331 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 331 3 artificial artificial JJ 40119 331 4 light light NN 40119 331 5 is be VBZ 40119 331 6 so so RB 40119 331 7 exactly exactly RB 40119 331 8 white white JJ 40119 331 9 as as IN 40119 331 10 that that DT 40119 331 11 of of IN 40119 331 12 the the DT 40119 331 13 sun sun NN 40119 331 14 . . . 40119 332 1 The the DT 40119 332 2 light light NN 40119 332 3 of of IN 40119 332 4 candles candle NNS 40119 332 5 , , , 40119 332 6 gas gas NN 40119 332 7 , , , 40119 332 8 oil oil NN 40119 332 9 , , , 40119 332 10 and and CC 40119 332 11 electric electric JJ 40119 332 12 glow glow NN 40119 332 13 - - HYPH 40119 332 14 lamps lamp NNS 40119 332 15 is be VBZ 40119 332 16 yellow yellow JJ 40119 332 17 ; ; : 40119 332 18 that that DT 40119 332 19 of of IN 40119 332 20 the the DT 40119 332 21 electric electric JJ 40119 332 22 arc arc NN 40119 332 23 ( ( -LRB- 40119 332 24 when when WRB 40119 332 25 unaffected unaffected JJ 40119 332 26 by by IN 40119 332 27 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 40119 332 28 absorption absorption NN 40119 332 29 ) ) -RRB- 40119 332 30 is be VBZ 40119 332 31 blue blue JJ 40119 332 32 , , , 40119 332 33 and and CC 40119 332 34 that that DT 40119 332 35 of of IN 40119 332 36 the the DT 40119 332 37 incandescent incandescent JJ 40119 332 38 gas gas NN 40119 332 39 burner burner NN 40119 332 40 green green JJ 40119 332 41 . . . 40119 333 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 333 2 is be VBZ 40119 333 3 exceedingly exceedingly RB 40119 333 4 convenient convenient JJ 40119 333 5 that that IN 40119 333 6 the the DT 40119 333 7 light light NN 40119 333 8 which which WDT 40119 333 9 serves serve VBZ 40119 333 10 us -PRON- PRP 40119 333 11 for for IN 40119 333 12 the the DT 40119 333 13 greater great JJR 40119 333 14 part part NN 40119 333 15 of of IN 40119 333 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 333 17 waking waking NN 40119 333 18 lives life NNS 40119 333 19 should should MD 40119 333 20 happen happen VB 40119 333 21 to to TO 40119 333 22 be be VB 40119 333 23 just just RB 40119 333 24 so so RB 40119 333 25 constituted constituted JJ 40119 333 26 that that IN 40119 333 27 it -PRON- PRP 40119 333 28 is be VBZ 40119 333 29 colourless colourless JJ 40119 333 30 . . . 40119 334 1 But but CC 40119 334 2 on on IN 40119 334 3 a a DT 40119 334 4 little little JJ 40119 334 5 further further JJ 40119 334 6 reflection reflection NN 40119 334 7 it -PRON- PRP 40119 334 8 will will MD 40119 334 9 , , , 40119 334 10 I -PRON- PRP 40119 334 11 think think VBP 40119 334 12 , , , 40119 334 13 appear appear VBP 40119 334 14 that that IN 40119 334 15 this this DT 40119 334 16 is be VBZ 40119 334 17 not not RB 40119 334 18 the the DT 40119 334 19 right right JJ 40119 334 20 way way NN 40119 334 21 to to TO 40119 334 22 look look VB 40119 334 23 at at IN 40119 334 24 the the DT 40119 334 25 matter matter NN 40119 334 26 . . . 40119 335 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 335 2 is be VBZ 40119 335 3 precisely precisely RB 40119 335 4 because because IN 40119 335 5 the the DT 40119 335 6 hue hue NN 40119 335 7 called call VBN 40119 335 8 white white NNP 40119 335 9 is be VBZ 40119 335 10 the the DT 40119 335 11 one one CD 40119 335 12 which which WDT 40119 335 13 is be VBZ 40119 335 14 associated associate VBN 40119 335 15 with with IN 40119 335 16 the the DT 40119 335 17 light light NN 40119 335 18 of of IN 40119 335 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 335 20 sun sun NN 40119 335 21 that that WDT 40119 335 22 we -PRON- PRP 40119 335 23 regard regard VBP 40119 335 24 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 335 25 as as IN 40119 335 26 synonymous synonymous JJ 40119 335 27 with with IN 40119 335 28 absence absence NN 40119 335 29 of of IN 40119 335 30 colour colour NN 40119 335 31 . . . 40119 336 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 336 2 take take VBP 40119 336 3 sunlight sunlight NN 40119 336 4 as as IN 40119 336 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 336 6 standard standard NN 40119 336 7 of of IN 40119 336 8 neutrality neutrality NN 40119 336 9 , , , 40119 336 10 and and CC 40119 336 11 anything anything NN 40119 336 12 that that WDT 40119 336 13 reflects reflect VBZ 40119 336 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 336 15 without without IN 40119 336 16 altering alter VBG 40119 336 17 the the DT 40119 336 18 proportions proportion NNS 40119 336 19 of of IN 40119 336 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 336 21 constituents constituent NNS 40119 336 22 we -PRON- PRP 40119 336 23 consider consider VBP 40119 336 24 as as IN 40119 336 25 being be VBG 40119 336 26 colourless colourless JJ 40119 336 27 . . . 40119 337 1 There there EX 40119 337 2 can can MD 40119 337 3 be be VB 40119 337 4 little little JJ 40119 337 5 doubt doubt NN 40119 337 6 that that IN 40119 337 7 if if IN 40119 337 8 the the DT 40119 337 9 sun sun NN 40119 337 10 were be VBD 40119 337 11 purple purple JJ 40119 337 12 instead instead RB 40119 337 13 of of IN 40119 337 14 white white JJ 40119 337 15 , , , 40119 337 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 337 17 sentiments sentiment NNS 40119 337 18 as as IN 40119 337 19 regards regard VBZ 40119 337 20 these these DT 40119 337 21 two two CD 40119 337 22 hues hue NNS 40119 337 23 would would MD 40119 337 24 be be VB 40119 337 25 interchanged interchange VBN 40119 337 26 ; ; : 40119 337 27 we -PRON- PRP 40119 337 28 should should MD 40119 337 29 talk talk VB 40119 337 30 quite quite RB 40119 337 31 naturally naturally RB 40119 337 32 of of IN 40119 337 33 " " `` 40119 337 34 a a DT 40119 337 35 pure pure JJ 40119 337 36 purple purple NN 40119 337 37 , , , 40119 337 38 entirely entirely RB 40119 337 39 free free JJ 40119 337 40 from from IN 40119 337 41 any any DT 40119 337 42 trace trace NN 40119 337 43 of of IN 40119 337 44 colour colour NN 40119 337 45 , , , 40119 337 46 " " '' 40119 337 47 or or CC 40119 337 48 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 337 49 describe describe VB 40119 337 50 a a DT 40119 337 51 lady lady NN 40119 337 52 's 's POS 40119 337 53 costume costume NN 40119 337 54 as as IN 40119 337 55 being be VBG 40119 337 56 of of IN 40119 337 57 a a DT 40119 337 58 " " `` 40119 337 59 gaudy gaudy NNP 40119 337 60 white white NNP 40119 337 61 . . . 40119 337 62 " " '' 40119 338 1 Even even RB 40119 338 2 as as IN 40119 338 3 things thing NNS 40119 338 4 are be VBP 40119 338 5 , , , 40119 338 6 the the DT 40119 338 7 standard standard NN 40119 338 8 of of IN 40119 338 9 neutrality neutrality NN 40119 338 10 is be VBZ 40119 338 11 not not RB 40119 338 12 quite quite RB 40119 338 13 a a DT 40119 338 14 hard hard JJ 40119 338 15 and and CC 40119 338 16 fast fast JJ 40119 338 17 one one CD 40119 338 18 . . . 40119 339 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 339 2 have have VBP 40119 339 3 a a DT 40119 339 4 tendency tendency NN 40119 339 5 to to TO 40119 339 6 regard regard VB 40119 339 7 any any DT 40119 339 8 artificial artificial JJ 40119 339 9 light light NN 40119 339 10 which which WDT 40119 339 11 we -PRON- PRP 40119 339 12 may may MD 40119 339 13 happen happen VB 40119 339 14 to to TO 40119 339 15 be be VB 40119 339 16 using use VBG 40119 339 17 , , , 40119 339 18 as as IN 40119 339 19 more more RBR 40119 339 20 free free JJ 40119 339 21 from from IN 40119 339 22 colour colour NN 40119 339 23 than than IN 40119 339 24 it -PRON- PRP 40119 339 25 would would MD 40119 339 26 turn turn VB 40119 339 27 out out RP 40119 339 28 to to TO 40119 339 29 be be VB 40119 339 30 if if IN 40119 339 31 compared compare VBN 40119 339 32 directly directly RB 40119 339 33 with with IN 40119 339 34 sunlight sunlight NN 40119 339 35 . . . 40119 340 1 If if IN 40119 340 2 in in IN 40119 340 3 the the DT 40119 340 4 middle middle NN 40119 340 5 of of IN 40119 340 6 the the DT 40119 340 7 day day NN 40119 340 8 we -PRON- PRP 40119 340 9 go go VBP 40119 340 10 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 340 11 into into IN 40119 340 12 a a DT 40119 340 13 gas gas NN 40119 340 14 - - HYPH 40119 340 15 lit light VBN 40119 340 16 room room NN 40119 340 17 , , , 40119 340 18 we -PRON- PRP 40119 340 19 can can MD 40119 340 20 not not RB 40119 340 21 fail fail VB 40119 340 22 to to TO 40119 340 23 observe observe VB 40119 340 24 how how WRB 40119 340 25 intensely intensely RB 40119 340 26 yellow yellow JJ 40119 340 27 the the DT 40119 340 28 illumination illumination NN 40119 340 29 at at IN 40119 340 30 first first JJ 40119 340 31 appears appear VBZ 40119 340 32 ; ; : 40119 340 33 in in IN 40119 340 34 a a DT 40119 340 35 few few JJ 40119 340 36 minutes minute NNS 40119 340 37 , , , 40119 340 38 however however RB 40119 340 39 , , , 40119 340 40 the the DT 40119 340 41 colour colour NN 40119 340 42 loses lose VBZ 40119 340 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 340 44 obtrusiveness obtrusiveness NN 40119 340 45 and and CC 40119 340 46 we -PRON- PRP 40119 340 47 cease cease VBP 40119 340 48 to to TO 40119 340 49 take take VB 40119 340 50 much much JJ 40119 340 51 notice notice NN 40119 340 52 of of IN 40119 340 53 it -PRON- PRP 40119 340 54 . . . 40119 341 1 The the DT 40119 341 2 effect effect NN 40119 341 3 may may MD 40119 341 4 be be VB 40119 341 5 partly partly RB 40119 341 6 a a DT 40119 341 7 physiological physiological JJ 40119 341 8 one one NN 40119 341 9 , , , 40119 341 10 depending depend VBG 40119 341 11 upon upon IN 40119 341 12 unequal unequal JJ 40119 341 13 fatigue fatigue NN 40119 341 14 of of IN 40119 341 15 the the DT 40119 341 16 various various JJ 40119 341 17 perceptive perceptive JJ 40119 341 18 nerves nerve NNS 40119 341 19 of of IN 40119 341 20 the the DT 40119 341 21 retina retina NNP 40119 341 22 ; ; : 40119 341 23 but but CC 40119 341 24 I -PRON- PRP 40119 341 25 believe believe VBP 40119 341 26 that that IN 40119 341 27 it -PRON- PRP 40119 341 28 is be VBZ 40119 341 29 to to IN 40119 341 30 a a DT 40119 341 31 large large JJ 40119 341 32 extent extent NN 40119 341 33 due due IN 40119 341 34 to to IN 40119 341 35 mental mental JJ 40119 341 36 judgment judgment NN 40119 341 37 . . . 40119 342 1 The the DT 40119 342 2 standard standard NN 40119 342 3 of of IN 40119 342 4 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 342 5 , , , 40119 342 6 or or CC 40119 342 7 colour colour NN 40119 342 8 - - HYPH 40119 342 9 zero zero CD 40119 342 10 , , , 40119 342 11 can can MD 40119 342 12 apparently apparently RB 40119 342 13 be be VB 40119 342 14 changed change VBN 40119 342 15 within within IN 40119 342 16 certain certain JJ 40119 342 17 limits limit NNS 40119 342 18 in in IN 40119 342 19 a a DT 40119 342 20 very very RB 40119 342 21 short short JJ 40119 342 22 time time NN 40119 342 23 , , , 40119 342 24 and and CC 40119 342 25 , , , 40119 342 26 as as IN 40119 342 27 we -PRON- PRP 40119 342 28 shall shall MD 40119 342 29 see see VB 40119 342 30 later later RBR 40119 342 31 , , , 40119 342 32 this this DT 40119 342 33 is be VBZ 40119 342 34 only only RB 40119 342 35 one one CD 40119 342 36 of of IN 40119 342 37 many many JJ 40119 342 38 instances instance NNS 40119 342 39 in in IN 40119 342 40 which which WDT 40119 342 41 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 342 42 organs organ NNS 40119 342 43 of of IN 40119 342 44 vision vision NN 40119 342 45 seem seem VBP 40119 342 46 to to TO 40119 342 47 be be VB 40119 342 48 incapable incapable JJ 40119 342 49 of of IN 40119 342 50 recognising recognise VBG 40119 342 51 a a DT 40119 342 52 constant constant JJ 40119 342 53 standard standard NN 40119 342 54 of of IN 40119 342 55 reference reference NN 40119 342 56 . . . 40119 343 1 And and CC 40119 343 2 now now RB 40119 343 3 let let VB 40119 343 4 us -PRON- PRP 40119 343 5 consider consider VB 40119 343 6 how how WRB 40119 343 7 it -PRON- PRP 40119 343 8 comes come VBZ 40119 343 9 about about IN 40119 343 10 that that IN 40119 343 11 each each DT 40119 343 12 elementary elementary JJ 40119 343 13 portion portion NN 40119 343 14 of of IN 40119 343 15 the the DT 40119 343 16 retina retina NNP 40119 343 17 -- -- : 40119 343 18 at at IN 40119 343 19 least least JJS 40119 343 20 in in IN 40119 343 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 343 22 central central JJ 40119 343 23 region region NN 40119 343 24 -- -- : 40119 343 25 has have VBZ 40119 343 26 the the DT 40119 343 27 power power NN 40119 343 28 of of IN 40119 343 29 distinguishing distinguish VBG 40119 343 30 so so RB 40119 343 31 many many JJ 40119 343 32 hundreds hundred NNS 40119 343 33 of of IN 40119 343 34 different different JJ 40119 343 35 hues hue NNS 40119 343 36 . . . 40119 344 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 344 2 is be VBZ 40119 344 3 incredible incredible JJ 40119 344 4 that that IN 40119 344 5 every every DT 40119 344 6 little little JJ 40119 344 7 area area NN 40119 344 8 of of IN 40119 344 9 microscopic microscopic JJ 40119 344 10 dimensions dimension NNS 40119 344 11 should should MD 40119 344 12 be be VB 40119 344 13 furnished furnish VBN 40119 344 14 with with IN 40119 344 15 such such PDT 40119 344 16 a a DT 40119 344 17 multitude multitude NN 40119 344 18 of of IN 40119 344 19 independent independent JJ 40119 344 20 organs organ NNS 40119 344 21 as as IN 40119 344 22 would would MD 40119 344 23 be be VB 40119 344 24 necessary necessary JJ 40119 344 25 if if IN 40119 344 26 each each DT 40119 344 27 of of IN 40119 344 28 the the DT 40119 344 29 many many JJ 40119 344 30 colours colour NNS 40119 344 31 met meet VBD 40119 344 32 with with IN 40119 344 33 in in IN 40119 344 34 nature nature NN 40119 344 35 required require VBN 40119 344 36 a a DT 40119 344 37 separate separate JJ 40119 344 38 organ organ NN 40119 344 39 for for IN 40119 344 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 344 41 perception perception NN 40119 344 42 ; ; : 40119 344 43 and and CC 40119 344 44 it -PRON- PRP 40119 344 45 is be VBZ 40119 344 46 not not RB 40119 344 47 necessary necessary JJ 40119 344 48 to to TO 40119 344 49 suppose suppose VB 40119 344 50 anything anything NN 40119 344 51 of of IN 40119 344 52 the the DT 40119 344 53 kind kind NN 40119 344 54 . . . 40119 345 1 Experiment experiment NN 40119 345 2 shows show VBZ 40119 345 3 that that IN 40119 345 4 all all PDT 40119 345 5 the the DT 40119 345 6 various various JJ 40119 345 7 hues hue NNS 40119 345 8 of of IN 40119 345 9 the the DT 40119 345 10 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 345 11 , , , 40119 345 12 as as RB 40119 345 13 well well RB 40119 345 14 as as IN 40119 345 15 all all DT 40119 345 16 ( ( -LRB- 40119 345 17 including include VBG 40119 345 18 white white JJ 40119 345 19 ) ) -RRB- 40119 345 20 that that WDT 40119 345 21 can can MD 40119 345 22 be be VB 40119 345 23 formed form VBN 40119 345 24 from from IN 40119 345 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 345 26 mixture mixture NN 40119 345 27 , , , 40119 345 28 may may MD 40119 345 29 be be VB 40119 345 30 derived derive VBN 40119 345 31 from from IN 40119 345 32 no no DT 40119 345 33 more more JJR 40119 345 34 than than IN 40119 345 35 three three CD 40119 345 36 distinct distinct JJ 40119 345 37 colours colour NNS 40119 345 38 . . . 40119 346 1 There there EX 40119 346 2 are be VBP 40119 346 3 , , , 40119 346 4 in in IN 40119 346 5 fact fact NN 40119 346 6 , , , 40119 346 7 an an DT 40119 346 8 indefinite indefinite JJ 40119 346 9 number number NN 40119 346 10 of of IN 40119 346 11 triads triad NNS 40119 346 12 of of IN 40119 346 13 colours colour NNS 40119 346 14 which which WDT 40119 346 15 , , , 40119 346 16 in in IN 40119 346 17 suitable suitable JJ 40119 346 18 combinations combination NNS 40119 346 19 , , , 40119 346 20 are be VBP 40119 346 21 capable capable JJ 40119 346 22 of of IN 40119 346 23 producing produce VBG 40119 346 24 the the DT 40119 346 25 sensation sensation NN 40119 346 26 of of IN 40119 346 27 every every DT 40119 346 28 tone tone NN 40119 346 29 , , , 40119 346 30 tint tint NN 40119 346 31 , , , 40119 346 32 and and CC 40119 346 33 shade shade NN 40119 346 34 of of IN 40119 346 35 colour colour NN 40119 346 36 which which WDT 40119 346 37 the the DT 40119 346 38 eye eye NN 40119 346 39 of of IN 40119 346 40 man man NN 40119 346 41 has have VBZ 40119 346 42 ever ever RB 40119 346 43 beheld behold VBN 40119 346 44 . . . 40119 347 1 Old old JJ 40119 347 2 - - HYPH 40119 347 3 fashioned fashioned JJ 40119 347 4 books book NNS 40119 347 5 , , , 40119 347 6 such such JJ 40119 347 7 as as IN 40119 347 8 an an DT 40119 347 9 early early JJ 40119 347 10 edition edition NN 40119 347 11 of of IN 40119 347 12 Ganot Ganot NNP 40119 347 13 's 's POS 40119 347 14 " " `` 40119 347 15 Physics Physics NNP 40119 347 16 , , , 40119 347 17 " " '' 40119 347 18 tell tell VB 40119 347 19 us -PRON- PRP 40119 347 20 that that IN 40119 347 21 the the DT 40119 347 22 three three CD 40119 347 23 " " `` 40119 347 24 primary primary JJ 40119 347 25 " " '' 40119 347 26 colours colour NNS 40119 347 27 are be VBP 40119 347 28 red red JJ 40119 347 29 , , , 40119 347 30 yellow yellow JJ 40119 347 31 , , , 40119 347 32 and and CC 40119 347 33 blue blue JJ 40119 347 34 , , , 40119 347 35 and and CC 40119 347 36 that that IN 40119 347 37 all all DT 40119 347 38 others other NNS 40119 347 39 are be VBP 40119 347 40 produced produce VBN 40119 347 41 by by IN 40119 347 42 mixtures mixture NNS 40119 347 43 of of IN 40119 347 44 these these DT 40119 347 45 . . . 40119 348 1 This this DT 40119 348 2 was be VBD 40119 348 3 the the DT 40119 348 4 basis basis NN 40119 348 5 of of IN 40119 348 6 Sir Sir NNP 40119 348 7 David David NNP 40119 348 8 Brewster Brewster NNP 40119 348 9 's 's POS 40119 348 10 theory theory NN 40119 348 11 , , , 40119 348 12 which which WDT 40119 348 13 attained attain VBD 40119 348 14 a a DT 40119 348 15 very very RB 40119 348 16 wide wide JJ 40119 348 17 popularity popularity NN 40119 348 18 , , , 40119 348 19 and and CC 40119 348 20 even even RB 40119 348 21 at at IN 40119 348 22 the the DT 40119 348 23 present present JJ 40119 348 24 time time NN 40119 348 25 is be VBZ 40119 348 26 held hold VBN 40119 348 27 as as IN 40119 348 28 an an DT 40119 348 29 article article NN 40119 348 30 of of IN 40119 348 31 faith faith NN 40119 348 32 among among IN 40119 348 33 the the DT 40119 348 34 great great JJ 40119 348 35 majority majority NN 40119 348 36 of of IN 40119 348 37 intelligent intelligent JJ 40119 348 38 persons person NNS 40119 348 39 who who WP 40119 348 40 have have VBP 40119 348 41 not not RB 40119 348 42 paid pay VBN 40119 348 43 any any DT 40119 348 44 special special JJ 40119 348 45 attention attention NN 40119 348 46 to to IN 40119 348 47 science science NN 40119 348 48 . . . 40119 349 1 But but CC 40119 349 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 349 3 is be VBZ 40119 349 4 not not RB 40119 349 5 true true JJ 40119 349 6 . . . 40119 350 1 A a DT 40119 350 2 fatal fatal JJ 40119 350 3 objection objection NN 40119 350 4 to to IN 40119 350 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 350 6 is be VBZ 40119 350 7 the the DT 40119 350 8 well well RB 40119 350 9 - - HYPH 40119 350 10 ascertained ascertain VBN 40119 350 11 fact fact NN 40119 350 12 that that IN 40119 350 13 no no DT 40119 350 14 combination combination NN 40119 350 15 of of IN 40119 350 16 red red JJ 40119 350 17 , , , 40119 350 18 yellow yellow JJ 40119 350 19 , , , 40119 350 20 and and CC 40119 350 21 blue blue JJ 40119 350 22 , , , 40119 350 23 or or CC 40119 350 24 of of IN 40119 350 25 any any DT 40119 350 26 two two CD 40119 350 27 of of IN 40119 350 28 them -PRON- PRP 40119 350 29 , , , 40119 350 30 such such JJ 40119 350 31 as as IN 40119 350 32 blue blue JJ 40119 350 33 and and CC 40119 350 34 yellow yellow JJ 40119 350 35 , , , 40119 350 36 for for IN 40119 350 37 example example NN 40119 350 38 , , , 40119 350 39 will will MD 40119 350 40 produce produce VB 40119 350 41 green green JJ 40119 350 42 . . . 40119 351 1 Yet yet CC 40119 351 2 every every DT 40119 351 3 painter painter NN 40119 351 4 knows know VBZ 40119 351 5 that that IN 40119 351 6 if if IN 40119 351 7 he -PRON- PRP 40119 351 8 mixes mix VBZ 40119 351 9 blue blue JJ 40119 351 10 and and CC 40119 351 11 yellow yellow JJ 40119 351 12 pigments pigment NNS 40119 351 13 together together RB 40119 351 14 he -PRON- PRP 40119 351 15 gets get VBZ 40119 351 16 green green JJ 40119 351 17 . . . 40119 352 1 That that DT 40119 352 2 is be VBZ 40119 352 3 one one CD 40119 352 4 of of IN 40119 352 5 the the DT 40119 352 6 first first JJ 40119 352 7 things thing NNS 40119 352 8 that that WDT 40119 352 9 a a DT 40119 352 10 child child NN 40119 352 11 learns learn VBZ 40119 352 12 when when WRB 40119 352 13 he -PRON- PRP 40119 352 14 is be VBZ 40119 352 15 allowed allow VBN 40119 352 16 to to TO 40119 352 17 play play VB 40119 352 18 with with IN 40119 352 19 a a DT 40119 352 20 box box NN 40119 352 21 of of IN 40119 352 22 water water NN 40119 352 23 - - HYPH 40119 352 24 colours colour NNS 40119 352 25 , , , 40119 352 26 and and CC 40119 352 27 no no RB 40119 352 28 doubt doubt RB 40119 352 29 Brewster Brewster NNP 40119 352 30 was be VBD 40119 352 31 misled mislead VBN 40119 352 32 by by IN 40119 352 33 the the DT 40119 352 34 fact fact NN 40119 352 35 . . . 40119 353 1 The the DT 40119 353 2 truth truth NN 40119 353 3 is be VBZ 40119 353 4 , , , 40119 353 5 that that IN 40119 353 6 the the DT 40119 353 7 colours colour NNS 40119 353 8 of of IN 40119 353 9 all all DT 40119 353 10 , , , 40119 353 11 or or CC 40119 353 12 almost almost RB 40119 353 13 all all DT 40119 353 14 , , , 40119 353 15 known know VBN 40119 353 16 blue blue JJ 40119 353 17 and and CC 40119 353 18 yellow yellow JJ 40119 353 19 pigments pigment NNS 40119 353 20 happen happen VBP 40119 353 21 to to TO 40119 353 22 be be VB 40119 353 23 composite composite JJ 40119 353 24 . . . 40119 354 1 An an DT 40119 354 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 354 3 blue blue JJ 40119 354 4 paint paint NN 40119 354 5 reflects reflect VBZ 40119 354 6 not not RB 40119 354 7 only only RB 40119 354 8 blue blue JJ 40119 354 9 light light NN 40119 354 10 , , , 40119 354 11 but but CC 40119 354 12 a a DT 40119 354 13 large large JJ 40119 354 14 quantity quantity NN 40119 354 15 of of IN 40119 354 16 green green JJ 40119 354 17 as as RB 40119 354 18 well well RB 40119 354 19 ; ; : 40119 354 20 while while IN 40119 354 21 an an DT 40119 354 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 354 23 yellow yellow JJ 40119 354 24 paint paint NN 40119 354 25 reflects reflect VBZ 40119 354 26 a a DT 40119 354 27 large large JJ 40119 354 28 quantity quantity NN 40119 354 29 of of IN 40119 354 30 green green JJ 40119 354 31 light light NN 40119 354 32 in in IN 40119 354 33 addition addition NN 40119 354 34 to to IN 40119 354 35 yellow yellow NN 40119 354 36 . . . 40119 355 1 When when WRB 40119 355 2 such such JJ 40119 355 3 paints paint NNS 40119 355 4 are be VBP 40119 355 5 mixed mix VBN 40119 355 6 together together RB 40119 355 7 , , , 40119 355 8 the the DT 40119 355 9 blue blue JJ 40119 355 10 and and CC 40119 355 11 yellow yellow JJ 40119 355 12 hues hue NNS 40119 355 13 neutralise neutralise VBP 40119 355 14 one one CD 40119 355 15 another another DT 40119 355 16 , , , 40119 355 17 and and CC 40119 355 18 only only RB 40119 355 19 the the DT 40119 355 20 green green NN 40119 355 21 , , , 40119 355 22 which which WDT 40119 355 23 is be VBZ 40119 355 24 common common JJ 40119 355 25 to to IN 40119 355 26 both both DT 40119 355 27 , , , 40119 355 28 remains remain VBZ 40119 355 29 . . . 40119 356 1 The the DT 40119 356 2 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 356 3 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 356 4 will will MD 40119 356 5 make make VB 40119 356 6 this this DT 40119 356 7 clearer clear JJR 40119 356 8 . . . 40119 357 1 Hold hold VB 40119 357 2 a a DT 40119 357 3 piece piece NN 40119 357 4 of of IN 40119 357 5 bright bright JJ 40119 357 6 blue blue JJ 40119 357 7 glass glass NN 40119 357 8 before before IN 40119 357 9 the the DT 40119 357 10 slit slit NN 40119 357 11 ; ; : 40119 357 12 the the DT 40119 357 13 light light NN 40119 357 14 passing pass VBG 40119 357 15 through through IN 40119 357 16 the the DT 40119 357 17 glass glass NN 40119 357 18 will will MD 40119 357 19 be be VB 40119 357 20 analysed analyse VBN 40119 357 21 by by IN 40119 357 22 the the DT 40119 357 23 prism prism NN 40119 357 24 , , , 40119 357 25 and and CC 40119 357 26 you -PRON- PRP 40119 357 27 will will MD 40119 357 28 see see VB 40119 357 29 that that IN 40119 357 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 357 31 really really RB 40119 357 32 contains contain VBZ 40119 357 33 almost almost RB 40119 357 34 as as RB 40119 357 35 much much JJ 40119 357 36 green green JJ 40119 357 37 as as IN 40119 357 38 blue blue JJ 40119 357 39 . . . 40119 358 1 If if IN 40119 358 2 a a DT 40119 358 3 yellow yellow JJ 40119 358 4 glass glass NN 40119 358 5 is be VBZ 40119 358 6 substituted substitute VBN 40119 358 7 , , , 40119 358 8 not not RB 40119 358 9 only only RB 40119 358 10 will will MD 40119 358 11 yellow yellow VB 40119 358 12 light light NN 40119 358 13 be be VB 40119 358 14 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 358 15 , , , 40119 358 16 but but CC 40119 358 17 , , , 40119 358 18 as as IN 40119 358 19 before before RB 40119 358 20 , , , 40119 358 21 a a DT 40119 358 22 considerable considerable JJ 40119 358 23 quantity quantity NN 40119 358 24 of of IN 40119 358 25 green green NN 40119 358 26 . . . 40119 359 1 If if IN 40119 359 2 now now RB 40119 359 3 both both DT 40119 359 4 glasses glass NNS 40119 359 5 be be VB 40119 359 6 placed place VBN 40119 359 7 together together RB 40119 359 8 before before IN 40119 359 9 the the DT 40119 359 10 slit slit NN 40119 359 11 , , , 40119 359 12 what what WP 40119 359 13 will will MD 40119 359 14 happen happen VB 40119 359 15 ? ? . 40119 360 1 The the DT 40119 360 2 yellow yellow JJ 40119 360 3 glass glass NN 40119 360 4 will will MD 40119 360 5 stop stop VB 40119 360 6 the the DT 40119 360 7 blue blue JJ 40119 360 8 light light NN 40119 360 9 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 360 10 by by IN 40119 360 11 the the DT 40119 360 12 blue blue JJ 40119 360 13 glass glass NN 40119 360 14 , , , 40119 360 15 the the DT 40119 360 16 blue blue JJ 40119 360 17 glass glass NN 40119 360 18 will will MD 40119 360 19 stop stop VB 40119 360 20 the the DT 40119 360 21 yellow yellow JJ 40119 360 22 light light NN 40119 360 23 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 360 24 by by IN 40119 360 25 the the DT 40119 360 26 yellow yellow JJ 40119 360 27 glass glass NN 40119 360 28 , , , 40119 360 29 and and CC 40119 360 30 only only RB 40119 360 31 the the DT 40119 360 32 green green JJ 40119 360 33 light light NN 40119 360 34 which which WDT 40119 360 35 both both DT 40119 360 36 glasses glass NNS 40119 360 37 have have VBP 40119 360 38 the the DT 40119 360 39 power power NN 40119 360 40 of of IN 40119 360 41 transmitting transmitting NN 40119 360 42 will will MD 40119 360 43 pass pass VB 40119 360 44 through through IN 40119 360 45 unimpeded unimpeded JJ 40119 360 46 , , , 40119 360 47 forming form VBG 40119 360 48 a a DT 40119 360 49 band band NN 40119 360 50 of of IN 40119 360 51 pure pure JJ 40119 360 52 green green JJ 40119 360 53 colour colour NN 40119 360 54 upon upon IN 40119 360 55 the the DT 40119 360 56 screen screen NN 40119 360 57 . . . 40119 361 1 The the DT 40119 361 2 combination combination NN 40119 361 3 of of IN 40119 361 4 simple simple JJ 40119 361 5 blue blue JJ 40119 361 6 and and CC 40119 361 7 yellow yellow JJ 40119 361 8 lights light NNS 40119 361 9 of of IN 40119 361 10 suitable suitable JJ 40119 361 11 relative relative JJ 40119 361 12 luminosities luminosity NNS 40119 361 13 results result NNS 40119 361 14 in in IN 40119 361 15 the the DT 40119 361 16 formation formation NN 40119 361 17 of of IN 40119 361 18 white white JJ 40119 361 19 or or CC 40119 361 20 neutral neutral JJ 40119 361 21 light light NN 40119 361 22 . . . 40119 362 1 If if IN 40119 362 2 the the DT 40119 362 3 blue blue NN 40119 362 4 is be VBZ 40119 362 5 a a DT 40119 362 6 little little JJ 40119 362 7 in in IN 40119 362 8 excess excess NN 40119 362 9 , , , 40119 362 10 the the DT 40119 362 11 combined combine VBN 40119 362 12 light light NN 40119 362 13 will will MD 40119 362 14 be be VB 40119 362 15 of of IN 40119 362 16 a a DT 40119 362 17 bluish bluish JJ 40119 362 18 tint tint NN 40119 362 19 ; ; : 40119 362 20 if if IN 40119 362 21 the the DT 40119 362 22 yellow yellow NN 40119 362 23 is be VBZ 40119 362 24 in in IN 40119 362 25 excess excess NN 40119 362 26 , , , 40119 362 27 the the DT 40119 362 28 combination combination NN 40119 362 29 will will MD 40119 362 30 have have VB 40119 362 31 a a DT 40119 362 32 yellowish yellowish JJ 40119 362 33 tint tint NN 40119 362 34 . . . 40119 363 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 363 2 will will MD 40119 363 3 never never RB 40119 363 4 contain contain VB 40119 363 5 any any DT 40119 363 6 trace trace NN 40119 363 7 of of IN 40119 363 8 green green JJ 40119 363 9 . . . 40119 364 1 The the DT 40119 364 2 combination combination NN 40119 364 3 of of IN 40119 364 4 simple simple JJ 40119 364 5 spectral spectral JJ 40119 364 6 blue blue JJ 40119 364 7 and and CC 40119 364 8 yellow yellow JJ 40119 364 9 is be VBZ 40119 364 10 easily easily RB 40119 364 11 effected effect VBN 40119 364 12 by by IN 40119 364 13 the the DT 40119 364 14 colour colour NN 40119 364 15 - - HYPH 40119 364 16 patch patch NN 40119 364 17 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 364 18 , , , 40119 364 19 and and CC 40119 364 20 the the DT 40119 364 21 result result NN 40119 364 22 will will MD 40119 364 23 be be VB 40119 364 24 found find VBN 40119 364 25 to to TO 40119 364 26 bear bear VB 40119 364 27 out out RP 40119 364 28 what what WP 40119 364 29 has have VBZ 40119 364 30 been be VBN 40119 364 31 said say VBN 40119 364 32 . . . 40119 365 1 Since since IN 40119 365 2 , , , 40119 365 3 then then RB 40119 365 4 , , , 40119 365 5 no no DT 40119 365 6 mixture mixture NN 40119 365 7 of of IN 40119 365 8 red red JJ 40119 365 9 , , , 40119 365 10 yellow yellow JJ 40119 365 11 , , , 40119 365 12 and and CC 40119 365 13 blue blue JJ 40119 365 14 , , , 40119 365 15 or or CC 40119 365 16 of of IN 40119 365 17 any any DT 40119 365 18 two two CD 40119 365 19 of of IN 40119 365 20 them -PRON- PRP 40119 365 21 , , , 40119 365 22 will will MD 40119 365 23 produce produce VB 40119 365 24 green green JJ 40119 365 25 , , , 40119 365 26 we -PRON- PRP 40119 365 27 can can MD 40119 365 28 not not RB 40119 365 29 regard regard VB 40119 365 30 these these DT 40119 365 31 colours colour NNS 40119 365 32 as as IN 40119 365 33 being be VBG 40119 365 34 , , , 40119 365 35 in in IN 40119 365 36 Brewster Brewster NNP 40119 365 37 's 's POS 40119 365 38 sense sense NN 40119 365 39 of of IN 40119 365 40 the the DT 40119 365 41 term term NN 40119 365 42 , , , 40119 365 43 primary primary JJ 40119 365 44 ones one NNS 40119 365 45 . . . 40119 366 1 But but CC 40119 366 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 366 3 is be VBZ 40119 366 4 quite quite RB 40119 366 5 possible possible JJ 40119 366 6 to to TO 40119 366 7 find find VB 40119 366 8 a a DT 40119 366 9 group group NN 40119 366 10 of of IN 40119 366 11 three three CD 40119 366 12 different different JJ 40119 366 13 hues hue NNS 40119 366 14 -- -- : 40119 366 15 and and CC 40119 366 16 indeed indeed RB 40119 366 17 many many JJ 40119 366 18 such such JJ 40119 366 19 groups group NNS 40119 366 20 -- -- : 40119 366 21 which which WDT 40119 366 22 when when WRB 40119 366 23 made make VBN 40119 366 24 to to TO 40119 366 25 act act VB 40119 366 26 upon upon IN 40119 366 27 the the DT 40119 366 28 eye eye NN 40119 366 29 simultaneously simultaneously RB 40119 366 30 and and CC 40119 366 31 in in IN 40119 366 32 the the DT 40119 366 33 right right JJ 40119 366 34 proportions proportion NNS 40119 366 35 can can MD 40119 366 36 give give VB 40119 366 37 rise rise NN 40119 366 38 to to IN 40119 366 39 the the DT 40119 366 40 sensation sensation NN 40119 366 41 of of IN 40119 366 42 any any DT 40119 366 43 colour colour NN 40119 366 44 whatever whatever WDT 40119 366 45 . . . 40119 367 1 Now now RB 40119 367 2 this this DT 40119 367 3 experimental experimental JJ 40119 367 4 fact fact NN 40119 367 5 is be VBZ 40119 367 6 obviously obviously RB 40119 367 7 suggestive suggestive JJ 40119 367 8 of of IN 40119 367 9 a a DT 40119 367 10 possible possible JJ 40119 367 11 converse converse NN 40119 367 12 , , , 40119 367 13 namely namely RB 40119 367 14 , , , 40119 367 15 that that IN 40119 367 16 almost almost RB 40119 367 17 every every DT 40119 367 18 colour colour NN 40119 367 19 sensation sensation NN 40119 367 20 may may MD 40119 367 21 in in IN 40119 367 22 reality reality NN 40119 367 23 be be VB 40119 367 24 a a DT 40119 367 25 compound compound NN 40119 367 26 one one CD 40119 367 27 , , , 40119 367 28 the the DT 40119 367 29 resultant resultant NN 40119 367 30 of of IN 40119 367 31 not not RB 40119 367 32 more more JJR 40119 367 33 than than IN 40119 367 34 three three CD 40119 367 35 simple simple JJ 40119 367 36 sensations sensation NNS 40119 367 37 . . . 40119 368 1 Assuming assume VBG 40119 368 2 this this DT 40119 368 3 to to TO 40119 368 4 be be VB 40119 368 5 so so RB 40119 368 6 , , , 40119 368 7 it -PRON- PRP 40119 368 8 is be VBZ 40119 368 9 evident evident JJ 40119 368 10 that that IN 40119 368 11 if if IN 40119 368 12 each each DT 40119 368 13 elementary elementary JJ 40119 368 14 area area NN 40119 368 15 of of IN 40119 368 16 the the DT 40119 368 17 retina retina NNP 40119 368 18 were be VBD 40119 368 19 provided provide VBN 40119 368 20 with with IN 40119 368 21 only only RB 40119 368 22 three three CD 40119 368 23 suitable suitable JJ 40119 368 24 colour colour NN 40119 368 25 organs organ NNS 40119 368 26 , , , 40119 368 27 nothing nothing NN 40119 368 28 more more JJR 40119 368 29 would would MD 40119 368 30 be be VB 40119 368 31 requisite requisite JJ 40119 368 32 for for IN 40119 368 33 the the DT 40119 368 34 perception perception NN 40119 368 35 of of IN 40119 368 36 an an DT 40119 368 37 indefinite indefinite JJ 40119 368 38 number number NN 40119 368 39 of of IN 40119 368 40 distinct distinct JJ 40119 368 41 colours colour NNS 40119 368 42 . . . 40119 369 1 Such such PDT 40119 369 2 a a DT 40119 369 3 hypothesis hypothesis NN 40119 369 4 was be VBD 40119 369 5 first first RB 40119 369 6 proposed propose VBN 40119 369 7 by by IN 40119 369 8 Thomas Thomas NNP 40119 369 9 Young Young NNP 40119 369 10 at at IN 40119 369 11 the the DT 40119 369 12 beginning beginning NN 40119 369 13 of of IN 40119 369 14 the the DT 40119 369 15 present present JJ 40119 369 16 century century NN 40119 369 17 ; ; : 40119 369 18 but but CC 40119 369 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 369 20 came come VBD 40119 369 21 before before IN 40119 369 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 369 23 time time NN 40119 369 24 and and CC 40119 369 25 met meet VBD 40119 369 26 with with IN 40119 369 27 no no DT 40119 369 28 attention attention NN 40119 369 29 until until IN 40119 369 30 fifty fifty CD 40119 369 31 years year NNS 40119 369 32 later later RB 40119 369 33 , , , 40119 369 34 when when WRB 40119 369 35 it -PRON- PRP 40119 369 36 was be VBD 40119 369 37 unearthed unearth VBN 40119 369 38 by by IN 40119 369 39 the the DT 40119 369 40 distinguished distinguished JJ 40119 369 41 physicist physicist NN 40119 369 42 and and CC 40119 369 43 physiologist physiologist NN 40119 369 44 , , , 40119 369 45 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 369 46 , , , 40119 369 47 who who WP 40119 369 48 accorded accord VBD 40119 369 49 to to IN 40119 369 50 it -PRON- PRP 40119 369 51 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 369 52 powerful powerful JJ 40119 369 53 support support NN 40119 369 54 and and CC 40119 369 55 modified modify VBD 40119 369 56 it -PRON- PRP 40119 369 57 in in IN 40119 369 58 one one CD 40119 369 59 or or CC 40119 369 60 two two CD 40119 369 61 important important JJ 40119 369 62 details detail NNS 40119 369 63 . . . 40119 370 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 370 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 370 3 : : : 40119 370 4 _ _ NNP 40119 370 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 370 6 . . . 40119 371 1 6.--Helmholtz 6.--Helmholtz NNP 40119 371 2 's 's POS 40119 371 3 Curves curve NNS 40119 371 4 of of IN 40119 371 5 Colour Colour NNP 40119 371 6 Perception Perception NNP 40119 371 7 . . . 40119 371 8 _ _ NNP 40119 371 9 ] ] -RRB- 40119 371 10 According accord VBG 40119 371 11 to to IN 40119 371 12 the the DT 40119 371 13 Young Young NNP 40119 371 14 - - HYPH 40119 371 15 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 371 16 theory theory NN 40119 371 17 , , , 40119 371 18 as as IN 40119 371 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 371 20 is be VBZ 40119 371 21 now now RB 40119 371 22 called call VBN 40119 371 23 , , , 40119 371 24 there there EX 40119 371 25 are be VBP 40119 371 26 three three CD 40119 371 27 different different JJ 40119 371 28 kinds kind NNS 40119 371 29 of of IN 40119 371 30 nerve nerve NN 40119 371 31 - - HYPH 40119 371 32 fibres fibre NNS 40119 371 33 distributed distribute VBN 40119 371 34 over over IN 40119 371 35 the the DT 40119 371 36 retina retina NNP 40119 371 37 . . . 40119 372 1 The the DT 40119 372 2 first first JJ 40119 372 3 , , , 40119 372 4 when when WRB 40119 372 5 separately separately RB 40119 372 6 stimulated stimulate VBD 40119 372 7 , , , 40119 372 8 produce produce VBP 40119 372 9 the the DT 40119 372 10 sensation sensation NN 40119 372 11 of of IN 40119 372 12 red red NN 40119 372 13 , , , 40119 372 14 the the DT 40119 372 15 second second JJ 40119 372 16 that that DT 40119 372 17 of of IN 40119 372 18 green green JJ 40119 372 19 , , , 40119 372 20 and and CC 40119 372 21 the the DT 40119 372 22 third third JJ 40119 372 23 that that DT 40119 372 24 of of IN 40119 372 25 violet violet NN 40119 372 26 . . . 40119 373 1 Light light NN 40119 373 2 having have VBG 40119 373 3 the the DT 40119 373 4 same same JJ 40119 373 5 wave wave NN 40119 373 6 - - HYPH 40119 373 7 length length NN 40119 373 8 as as IN 40119 373 9 the the DT 40119 373 10 extreme extreme JJ 40119 373 11 red red JJ 40119 373 12 rays ray NNS 40119 373 13 of of IN 40119 373 14 the the DT 40119 373 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 373 16 stimulates stimulate VBZ 40119 373 17 the the DT 40119 373 18 red red JJ 40119 373 19 nerve nerve NN 40119 373 20 - - HYPH 40119 373 21 fibres fibre NNS 40119 373 22 only only RB 40119 373 23 ; ; : 40119 373 24 that that IN 40119 373 25 having have VBG 40119 373 26 the the DT 40119 373 27 same same JJ 40119 373 28 wave wave NN 40119 373 29 - - HYPH 40119 373 30 length length NN 40119 373 31 as as IN 40119 373 32 the the DT 40119 373 33 extreme extreme JJ 40119 373 34 violet violet NN 40119 373 35 rays ray NNS 40119 373 36 stimulates stimulate VBZ 40119 373 37 the the DT 40119 373 38 violet violet NN 40119 373 39 nerve nerve NN 40119 373 40 - - HYPH 40119 373 41 fibres fibre NNS 40119 373 42 only only RB 40119 373 43 . . . 40119 374 1 Light light NN 40119 374 2 of of IN 40119 374 3 all all DT 40119 374 4 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 374 5 wave wave NN 40119 374 6 - - HYPH 40119 374 7 lengths length NNS 40119 374 8 , , , 40119 374 9 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 374 10 to to IN 40119 374 11 the the DT 40119 374 12 orange orange JJ 40119 374 13 , , , 40119 374 14 yellow yellow JJ 40119 374 15 , , , 40119 374 16 green green JJ 40119 374 17 , , , 40119 374 18 and and CC 40119 374 19 blue blue JJ 40119 374 20 of of IN 40119 374 21 the the DT 40119 374 22 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 374 23 , , , 40119 374 24 stimulates stimulate VBZ 40119 374 25 all all DT 40119 374 26 three three CD 40119 374 27 sets set NNS 40119 374 28 of of IN 40119 374 29 nerve nerve NN 40119 374 30 - - HYPH 40119 374 31 fibres fibre NNS 40119 374 32 at at IN 40119 374 33 once once RB 40119 374 34 , , , 40119 374 35 but but CC 40119 374 36 in in IN 40119 374 37 different different JJ 40119 374 38 degrees degree NNS 40119 374 39 . . . 40119 375 1 The the DT 40119 375 2 proportionate proportionate NN 40119 375 3 stimulation stimulation NN 40119 375 4 of of IN 40119 375 5 the the DT 40119 375 6 red red JJ 40119 375 7 , , , 40119 375 8 green green JJ 40119 375 9 , , , 40119 375 10 and and CC 40119 375 11 violet violet NN 40119 375 12 nerves nerve NNS 40119 375 13 throughout throughout IN 40119 375 14 the the DT 40119 375 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 375 16 is be VBZ 40119 375 17 indicated indicate VBN 40119 375 18 in in IN 40119 375 19 Fig Fig NNP 40119 375 20 . . . 40119 376 1 6 6 CD 40119 376 2 , , , 40119 376 3 which which WDT 40119 376 4 is be VBZ 40119 376 5 derived derive VBN 40119 376 6 from from IN 40119 376 7 the the DT 40119 376 8 rough rough JJ 40119 376 9 sketch sketch NN 40119 376 10 first first RB 40119 376 11 given give VBN 40119 376 12 by by IN 40119 376 13 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 376 14 . . . 40119 377 1 The the DT 40119 377 2 yellow yellow JJ 40119 377 3 rays ray NNS 40119 377 4 of of IN 40119 377 5 the the DT 40119 377 6 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 377 7 , , , 40119 377 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 377 9 will will MD 40119 377 10 be be VB 40119 377 11 seen see VBN 40119 377 12 , , , 40119 377 13 excite excite VB 40119 377 14 the the DT 40119 377 15 red red JJ 40119 377 16 and and CC 40119 377 17 green green JJ 40119 377 18 nerves nerve NNS 40119 377 19 strongly strongly RB 40119 377 20 , , , 40119 377 21 and and CC 40119 377 22 the the DT 40119 377 23 violet violet NN 40119 377 24 feebly feebly RB 40119 377 25 ; ; : 40119 377 26 green green JJ 40119 377 27 light light NN 40119 377 28 excites excite VBZ 40119 377 29 the the DT 40119 377 30 green green JJ 40119 377 31 nerves nerve NNS 40119 377 32 strongly strongly RB 40119 377 33 , , , 40119 377 34 and and CC 40119 377 35 the the DT 40119 377 36 red red JJ 40119 377 37 and and CC 40119 377 38 violet violet NN 40119 377 39 moderately moderately RB 40119 377 40 ; ; : 40119 377 41 while while IN 40119 377 42 blue blue JJ 40119 377 43 light light NN 40119 377 44 excites excite VBZ 40119 377 45 the the DT 40119 377 46 green green JJ 40119 377 47 and and CC 40119 377 48 violet violet NN 40119 377 49 nerves nerve NNS 40119 377 50 strongly strongly RB 40119 377 51 , , , 40119 377 52 and and CC 40119 377 53 the the DT 40119 377 54 red red NNP 40119 377 55 feebly feebly NNP 40119 377 56 . . . 40119 378 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 378 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 378 3 : : : 40119 378 4 _ _ NNP 40119 378 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 378 6 . . . 40119 379 1 7.--König 7.--König NNP 40119 379 2 's 's POS 40119 379 3 Curves Curves NNP 40119 379 4 . . . 40119 379 5 _ _ NNP 40119 379 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 379 7 Fig Fig NNP 40119 379 8 . . . 40119 380 1 7 7 CD 40119 380 2 shows show VBZ 40119 380 3 another another DT 40119 380 4 set set NN 40119 380 5 of of IN 40119 380 6 curves curve NNS 40119 380 7 given give VBN 40119 380 8 more more RBR 40119 380 9 recently recently RB 40119 380 10 by by IN 40119 380 11 Dr. Dr. NNP 40119 380 12 König König NNP 40119 380 13 as as IN 40119 380 14 the the DT 40119 380 15 result result NN 40119 380 16 of of IN 40119 380 17 many many JJ 40119 380 18 thousands thousand NNS 40119 380 19 of of IN 40119 380 20 experiments experiment NNS 40119 380 21 made make VBN 40119 380 22 , , , 40119 380 23 not not RB 40119 380 24 only only RB 40119 380 25 upon upon IN 40119 380 26 persons person NNS 40119 380 27 whose whose WP$ 40119 380 28 vision vision NN 40119 380 29 was be VBD 40119 380 30 normal normal JJ 40119 380 31 , , , 40119 380 32 but but CC 40119 380 33 also also RB 40119 380 34 upon upon IN 40119 380 35 some some DT 40119 380 36 who who WP 40119 380 37 were be VBD 40119 380 38 colour colour NN 40119 380 39 - - HYPH 40119 380 40 blind blind JJ 40119 380 41 . . . 40119 381 1 König König NNP 40119 381 2 found find VBD 40119 381 3 that that IN 40119 381 4 the the DT 40119 381 5 equations equation NNS 40119 381 6 he -PRON- PRP 40119 381 7 obtained obtain VBD 40119 381 8 were be VBD 40119 381 9 best good JJS 40119 381 10 satisfied satisfied JJ 40119 381 11 by by IN 40119 381 12 assuming assume VBG 40119 381 13 as as IN 40119 381 14 the the DT 40119 381 15 normal normal JJ 40119 381 16 fundamental fundamental JJ 40119 381 17 sensations sensation NNS 40119 381 18 a a DT 40119 381 19 purplish purplish JJ 40119 381 20 red red NN 40119 381 21 ( ( -LRB- 40119 381 22 not not RB 40119 381 23 to to TO 40119 381 24 be be VB 40119 381 25 found find VBN 40119 381 26 in in IN 40119 381 27 the the DT 40119 381 28 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 381 29 ) ) -RRB- 40119 381 30 , , , 40119 381 31 a a DT 40119 381 32 green green NN 40119 381 33 like like IN 40119 381 34 that that DT 40119 381 35 of of IN 40119 381 36 wave wave NN 40119 381 37 - - HYPH 40119 381 38 length length NN 40119 381 39 5050 5050 CD 40119 381 40 , , , 40119 381 41 and and CC 40119 381 42 a a DT 40119 381 43 blue blue NN 40119 381 44 like like IN 40119 381 45 that that DT 40119 381 46 of of IN 40119 381 47 wave wave NN 40119 381 48 - - HYPH 40119 381 49 length length NN 40119 381 50 4700 4700 CD 40119 381 51 approximately approximately RB 40119 381 52 , , , 40119 381 53 the the DT 40119 381 54 two two CD 40119 381 55 latter latter JJ 40119 381 56 , , , 40119 381 57 however however RB 40119 381 58 , , , 40119 381 59 being be VBG 40119 381 60 purer purer NN 40119 381 61 or or CC 40119 381 62 more more RBR 40119 381 63 saturated saturate VBN 40119 381 64 than than IN 40119 381 65 any any DT 40119 381 66 actual actual JJ 40119 381 67 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 381 68 colour colour NN 40119 381 69 . . . 40119 382 1 But but CC 40119 382 2 König König NNP 40119 382 3 's 's POS 40119 382 4 curves curve NNS 40119 382 5 are be VBP 40119 382 6 not not RB 40119 382 7 consistent consistent JJ 40119 382 8 with with IN 40119 382 9 every every DT 40119 382 10 class class NN 40119 382 11 of of IN 40119 382 12 vision vision NN 40119 382 13 which which WDT 40119 382 14 he -PRON- PRP 40119 382 15 examined examine VBD 40119 382 16 , , , 40119 382 17 and and CC 40119 382 18 the the DT 40119 382 19 question question NN 40119 382 20 as as IN 40119 382 21 to to IN 40119 382 22 what what WP 40119 382 23 are be VBP 40119 382 24 the the DT 40119 382 25 true true JJ 40119 382 26 fundamental fundamental JJ 40119 382 27 colour colour NN 40119 382 28 - - HYPH 40119 382 29 sensations sensation NNS 40119 382 30 , , , 40119 382 31 if if IN 40119 382 32 such such JJ 40119 382 33 really really RB 40119 382 34 exist exist VBP 40119 382 35 at at RB 40119 382 36 all all RB 40119 382 37 , , , 40119 382 38 can can MD 40119 382 39 not not RB 40119 382 40 yet yet RB 40119 382 41 be be VB 40119 382 42 regarded regard VBN 40119 382 43 as as IN 40119 382 44 finally finally RB 40119 382 45 settled settle VBN 40119 382 46 . . . 40119 383 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 383 2 6 6 CD 40119 383 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 383 4 The the DT 40119 383 5 Young Young NNP 40119 383 6 - - HYPH 40119 383 7 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 383 8 theory theory NN 40119 383 9 of of IN 40119 383 10 colour colour NN 40119 383 11 - - HYPH 40119 383 12 vision vision NN 40119 383 13 , , , 40119 383 14 whether whether IN 40119 383 15 or or CC 40119 383 16 not not RB 40119 383 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 383 18 is be VBZ 40119 383 19 destined destine VBN 40119 383 20 in in IN 40119 383 21 the the DT 40119 383 22 future future NN 40119 383 23 to to TO 40119 383 24 be be VB 40119 383 25 superseded supersede VBN 40119 383 26 by by IN 40119 383 27 some some DT 40119 383 28 other other JJ 40119 383 29 , , , 40119 383 30 has have VBZ 40119 383 31 at at RB 40119 383 32 all all DT 40119 383 33 events event NNS 40119 383 34 proved prove VBD 40119 383 35 an an DT 40119 383 36 invaluable invaluable JJ 40119 383 37 guide guide NN 40119 383 38 in in IN 40119 383 39 experimental experimental JJ 40119 383 40 work work NN 40119 383 41 , , , 40119 383 42 and and CC 40119 383 43 there there EX 40119 383 44 are be VBP 40119 383 45 very very RB 40119 383 46 few few JJ 40119 383 47 colour colour NN 40119 383 48 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 383 49 of of IN 40119 383 50 which which WDT 40119 383 51 it -PRON- PRP 40119 383 52 is be VBZ 40119 383 53 not not RB 40119 383 54 competent competent JJ 40119 383 55 to to TO 40119 383 56 offer offer VB 40119 383 57 a a DT 40119 383 58 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 40119 383 59 explanation explanation NN 40119 383 60 . . . 40119 384 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 384 2 has have VBZ 40119 384 3 at at IN 40119 384 4 present present JJ 40119 384 5 only only RB 40119 384 6 one one CD 40119 384 7 serious serious JJ 40119 384 8 rival rival NN 40119 384 9 -- -- : 40119 384 10 the the DT 40119 384 11 theory theory NN 40119 384 12 of of IN 40119 384 13 Hering Hering NNP 40119 384 14 , , , 40119 384 15 which which WDT 40119 384 16 , , , 40119 384 17 although although IN 40119 384 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 384 19 seems seem VBZ 40119 384 20 to to TO 40119 384 21 be be VB 40119 384 22 curiously curiously RB 40119 384 23 attractive attractive JJ 40119 384 24 to to IN 40119 384 25 many many JJ 40119 384 26 physiologists physiologist NNS 40119 384 27 , , , 40119 384 28 can can MD 40119 384 29 hardly hardly RB 40119 384 30 be be VB 40119 384 31 said say VBN 40119 384 32 to to TO 40119 384 33 present present VB 40119 384 34 less less RBR 40119 384 35 serious serious JJ 40119 384 36 difficulties difficulty NNS 40119 384 37 than than IN 40119 384 38 that that DT 40119 384 39 which which WDT 40119 384 40 it -PRON- PRP 40119 384 41 seeks seek VBZ 40119 384 42 to to TO 40119 384 43 displace displace VB 40119 384 44 . . . 40119 385 1 Neither neither DT 40119 385 2 of of IN 40119 385 3 these these DT 40119 385 4 competing compete VBG 40119 385 5 theories theory NNS 40119 385 6 has have VBZ 40119 385 7 yet yet RB 40119 385 8 had have VBN 40119 385 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 385 10 fundamental fundamental JJ 40119 385 11 assumptions assumption NNS 40119 385 12 confirmed confirm VBN 40119 385 13 by by IN 40119 385 14 any any DT 40119 385 15 direct direct JJ 40119 385 16 evidence evidence NN 40119 385 17 , , , 40119 385 18 and and CC 40119 385 19 the the DT 40119 385 20 advantage advantage NN 40119 385 21 must must MD 40119 385 22 rest rest VB 40119 385 23 with with IN 40119 385 24 the the DT 40119 385 25 one one NN 40119 385 26 which which WDT 40119 385 27 best good JJS 40119 385 28 accords accord NNS 40119 385 29 with with IN 40119 385 30 the the DT 40119 385 31 facts fact NNS 40119 385 32 of of IN 40119 385 33 colour colour NN 40119 385 34 vision vision NN 40119 385 35 . . . 40119 386 1 In in IN 40119 386 2 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 386 3 judgment judgment NN 40119 386 4 the the DT 40119 386 5 older old JJR 40119 386 6 of of IN 40119 386 7 the the DT 40119 386 8 two two CD 40119 386 9 is be VBZ 40119 386 10 to to TO 40119 386 11 be be VB 40119 386 12 greatly greatly RB 40119 386 13 preferred prefer VBN 40119 386 14 as as IN 40119 386 15 a a DT 40119 386 16 useful useful JJ 40119 386 17 working working NN 40119 386 18 hypothesis hypothesis NN 40119 386 19 . . . 40119 387 1 Certain certain JJ 40119 387 2 curiosities curiosity NNS 40119 387 3 of of IN 40119 387 4 vision vision NN 40119 387 5 with with IN 40119 387 6 which which WDT 40119 387 7 I -PRON- PRP 40119 387 8 propose propose VBP 40119 387 9 to to TO 40119 387 10 deal deal VB 40119 387 11 in in IN 40119 387 12 a a DT 40119 387 13 future future JJ 40119 387 14 chapter chapter NN 40119 387 15 depend depend VB 40119 387 16 upon upon IN 40119 387 17 the the DT 40119 387 18 properties property NNS 40119 387 19 of of IN 40119 387 20 what what WP 40119 387 21 are be VBP 40119 387 22 known know VBN 40119 387 23 as as IN 40119 387 24 complementary complementary JJ 40119 387 25 colours colour NNS 40119 387 26 . . . 40119 388 1 Two two CD 40119 388 2 colours colour NNS 40119 388 3 are be VBP 40119 388 4 said say VBN 40119 388 5 to to TO 40119 388 6 be be VB 40119 388 7 complementary complementary JJ 40119 388 8 to to IN 40119 388 9 each each DT 40119 388 10 other other JJ 40119 388 11 when when WRB 40119 388 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 388 13 combination combination NN 40119 388 14 in in IN 40119 388 15 proper proper JJ 40119 388 16 proportions proportion NNS 40119 388 17 results result NNS 40119 388 18 in in IN 40119 388 19 the the DT 40119 388 20 formation formation NN 40119 388 21 of of IN 40119 388 22 white white NN 40119 388 23 . . . 40119 389 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 389 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 389 3 : : : 40119 389 4 _ _ NNP 40119 389 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 389 6 . . . 40119 390 1 8.--Stencil 8.--stencil CD 40119 390 2 Card card NN 40119 390 3 for for IN 40119 390 4 Complementary Complementary NNP 40119 390 5 Colours Colours NNP 40119 390 6 . . . 40119 390 7 _ _ NNP 40119 390 8 ] ] -RRB- 40119 390 9 If if IN 40119 390 10 we -PRON- PRP 40119 390 11 produce produce VBP 40119 390 12 a a DT 40119 390 13 compound compound NN 40119 390 14 hue hue NN 40119 390 15 by by IN 40119 390 16 mixing mix VBG 40119 390 17 together together RB 40119 390 18 the the DT 40119 390 19 colours colour NNS 40119 390 20 of of IN 40119 390 21 any any DT 40119 390 22 portion portion NN 40119 390 23 of of IN 40119 390 24 the the DT 40119 390 25 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 390 26 , , , 40119 390 27 and and CC 40119 390 28 a a DT 40119 390 29 second second JJ 40119 390 30 compound compound NN 40119 390 31 hue hue NN 40119 390 32 by by IN 40119 390 33 mixing mix VBG 40119 390 34 the the DT 40119 390 35 remainder remainder NN 40119 390 36 of of IN 40119 390 37 the the DT 40119 390 38 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 390 39 , , , 40119 390 40 it -PRON- PRP 40119 390 41 must must MD 40119 390 42 be be VB 40119 390 43 evident evident JJ 40119 390 44 that that IN 40119 390 45 these these DT 40119 390 46 two two CD 40119 390 47 hues hue NNS 40119 390 48 are be VBP 40119 390 49 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 390 50 complementary complementary JJ 40119 390 51 , , , 40119 390 52 for for IN 40119 390 53 when when WRB 40119 390 54 they -PRON- PRP 40119 390 55 are be VBP 40119 390 56 united united JJ 40119 390 57 they -PRON- PRP 40119 390 58 contain contain VBP 40119 390 59 together together RB 40119 390 60 all all PDT 40119 390 61 the the DT 40119 390 62 elements element NNS 40119 390 63 of of IN 40119 390 64 the the DT 40119 390 65 entire entire JJ 40119 390 66 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 390 67 , , , 40119 390 68 and and CC 40119 390 69 therefore therefore RB 40119 390 70 appear appear VBP 40119 390 71 as as IN 40119 390 72 white white JJ 40119 390 73 . . . 40119 391 1 This this DT 40119 391 2 may may MD 40119 391 3 be be VB 40119 391 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 40119 391 5 with with IN 40119 391 6 the the DT 40119 391 7 aid aid NN 40119 391 8 of of IN 40119 391 9 the the DT 40119 391 10 colour colour NN 40119 391 11 - - HYPH 40119 391 12 patch patch NN 40119 391 13 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 391 14 . . . 40119 392 1 Place place NN 40119 392 2 at at IN 40119 392 3 H h NN 40119 392 4 ( ( -LRB- 40119 392 5 Fig fig NN 40119 392 6 . . . 40119 393 1 3 3 LS 40119 393 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 393 3 a a DT 40119 393 4 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 393 5 stencil stencil NN 40119 393 6 of of IN 40119 393 7 the the DT 40119 393 8 form form NN 40119 393 9 shown show VBN 40119 393 10 in in IN 40119 393 11 Fig Fig NNP 40119 393 12 . . . 40119 394 1 8 8 CD 40119 394 2 , , , 40119 394 3 and and CC 40119 394 4 focus focus VB 40119 394 5 upon upon IN 40119 394 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 394 7 a a DT 40119 394 8 little little JJ 40119 394 9 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 394 10 , , , 40119 394 11 the the DT 40119 394 12 principal principal JJ 40119 394 13 hues hue NNS 40119 394 14 of of IN 40119 394 15 which which WDT 40119 394 16 are be VBP 40119 394 17 indicated indicate VBN 40119 394 18 by by IN 40119 394 19 the the DT 40119 394 20 letters letter NNS 40119 394 21 R r NN 40119 394 22 O o NN 40119 394 23 Y y NN 40119 394 24 G g NN 40119 394 25 B b NN 40119 394 26 V v NN 40119 394 27 ( ( -LRB- 40119 394 28 red red JJ 40119 394 29 , , , 40119 394 30 orange orange JJ 40119 394 31 , , , 40119 394 32 yellow yellow JJ 40119 394 33 , , , 40119 394 34 green green JJ 40119 394 35 , , , 40119 394 36 blue blue JJ 40119 394 37 , , , 40119 394 38 violet violet NN 40119 394 39 ) ) -RRB- 40119 394 40 . . . 40119 395 1 The the DT 40119 395 2 two two CD 40119 395 3 oblong oblong JJ 40119 395 4 apertures aperture NNS 40119 395 5 in in IN 40119 395 6 the the DT 40119 395 7 card card NN 40119 395 8 should should MD 40119 395 9 be be VB 40119 395 10 of of IN 40119 395 11 exactly exactly RB 40119 395 12 the the DT 40119 395 13 same same JJ 40119 395 14 height height NN 40119 395 15 , , , 40119 395 16 and and CC 40119 395 17 the the DT 40119 395 18 card card NN 40119 395 19 so so RB 40119 395 20 placed place VBD 40119 395 21 that that IN 40119 395 22 one one CD 40119 395 23 aperture aperture NN 40119 395 24 may may MD 40119 395 25 admit admit VB 40119 395 26 rays ray NNS 40119 395 27 extending extend VBG 40119 395 28 from from IN 40119 395 29 the the DT 40119 395 30 red red JJ 40119 395 31 end end NN 40119 395 32 of of IN 40119 395 33 the the DT 40119 395 34 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 395 35 to to IN 40119 395 36 about about IN 40119 395 37 the the DT 40119 395 38 middle middle NN 40119 395 39 of of IN 40119 395 40 the the DT 40119 395 41 green green NN 40119 395 42 , , , 40119 395 43 while while IN 40119 395 44 the the DT 40119 395 45 other other JJ 40119 395 46 admits admit VBZ 40119 395 47 rays ray NNS 40119 395 48 from from IN 40119 395 49 the the DT 40119 395 50 remainder remainder NN 40119 395 51 of of IN 40119 395 52 the the DT 40119 395 53 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 395 54 . . . 40119 396 1 If if IN 40119 396 2 now now RB 40119 396 3 the the DT 40119 396 4 lower low JJR 40119 396 5 aperture aperture NN 40119 396 6 be be VB 40119 396 7 covered cover VBN 40119 396 8 , , , 40119 396 9 only only RB 40119 396 10 the the DT 40119 396 11 red red JJ 40119 396 12 , , , 40119 396 13 orange orange JJ 40119 396 14 , , , 40119 396 15 yellow yellow JJ 40119 396 16 , , , 40119 396 17 and and CC 40119 396 18 part part NN 40119 396 19 of of IN 40119 396 20 the the DT 40119 396 21 green green JJ 40119 396 22 rays ray NNS 40119 396 23 will will MD 40119 396 24 pass pass VB 40119 396 25 through through IN 40119 396 26 the the DT 40119 396 27 stencil stencil NN 40119 396 28 , , , 40119 396 29 and and CC 40119 396 30 these these DT 40119 396 31 being be VBG 40119 396 32 combined combine VBN 40119 396 33 by by IN 40119 396 34 the the DT 40119 396 35 lens lens NN 40119 396 36 K K NNP 40119 396 37 ( ( -LRB- 40119 396 38 Fig fig NN 40119 396 39 . . . 40119 397 1 3 3 LS 40119 397 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 397 3 will will MD 40119 397 4 form form VB 40119 397 5 upon upon IN 40119 397 6 the the DT 40119 397 7 screen screen NN 40119 397 8 a a DT 40119 397 9 bright bright JJ 40119 397 10 patch patch NN 40119 397 11 , , , 40119 397 12 the the DT 40119 397 13 colour colour NN 40119 397 14 of of IN 40119 397 15 which which WDT 40119 397 16 will will MD 40119 397 17 be be VB 40119 397 18 yellow yellow JJ 40119 397 19 . . . 40119 398 1 If if IN 40119 398 2 the the DT 40119 398 3 upper upper JJ 40119 398 4 aperture aperture NN 40119 398 5 be be VB 40119 398 6 covered cover VBN 40119 398 7 , , , 40119 398 8 and and CC 40119 398 9 the the DT 40119 398 10 rest rest NN 40119 398 11 of of IN 40119 398 12 the the DT 40119 398 13 green green NN 40119 398 14 , , , 40119 398 15 together together RB 40119 398 16 with with IN 40119 398 17 the the DT 40119 398 18 blue blue JJ 40119 398 19 and and CC 40119 398 20 violet violet NN 40119 398 21 rays ray NNS 40119 398 22 , , , 40119 398 23 allowed allow VBN 40119 398 24 to to TO 40119 398 25 pass pass VB 40119 398 26 through through RP 40119 398 27 the the DT 40119 398 28 other other JJ 40119 398 29 , , , 40119 398 30 the the DT 40119 398 31 colour colour NN 40119 398 32 of of IN 40119 398 33 the the DT 40119 398 34 patch patch NN 40119 398 35 will will MD 40119 398 36 become become VB 40119 398 37 blue blue JJ 40119 398 38 ; ; : 40119 398 39 and and CC 40119 398 40 if if IN 40119 398 41 both both DT 40119 398 42 apertures aperture NNS 40119 398 43 be be VB 40119 398 44 uncovered uncover VBN 40119 398 45 at at IN 40119 398 46 the the DT 40119 398 47 same same JJ 40119 398 48 time time NN 40119 398 49 , , , 40119 398 50 rays ray NNS 40119 398 51 from from IN 40119 398 52 the the DT 40119 398 53 whole whole JJ 40119 398 54 length length NN 40119 398 55 of of IN 40119 398 56 the the DT 40119 398 57 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 398 58 will will MD 40119 398 59 pass pass VB 40119 398 60 through through IN 40119 398 61 the the DT 40119 398 62 stencil stencil NN 40119 398 63 , , , 40119 398 64 and and CC 40119 398 65 the the DT 40119 398 66 patch patch NN 40119 398 67 will will MD 40119 398 68 , , , 40119 398 69 of of IN 40119 398 70 course course NN 40119 398 71 , , , 40119 398 72 turn turn VB 40119 398 73 white white JJ 40119 398 74 . . . 40119 399 1 The the DT 40119 399 2 yellow yellow NN 40119 399 3 and and CC 40119 399 4 the the DT 40119 399 5 blue blue JJ 40119 399 6 which which WDT 40119 399 7 were be VBD 40119 399 8 compounded compound VBN 40119 399 9 from from IN 40119 399 10 the the DT 40119 399 11 two two CD 40119 399 12 portions portion NNS 40119 399 13 of of IN 40119 399 14 the the DT 40119 399 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 399 16 are be VBP 40119 399 17 , , , 40119 399 18 therefore therefore RB 40119 399 19 , , , 40119 399 20 in in IN 40119 399 21 accordance accordance NN 40119 399 22 with with IN 40119 399 23 the the DT 40119 399 24 definition definition NN 40119 399 25 , , , 40119 399 26 complementary complementary JJ 40119 399 27 colours colour NNS 40119 399 28 . . . 40119 400 1 In in IN 40119 400 2 a a DT 40119 400 3 similar similar JJ 40119 400 4 manner manner NN 40119 400 5 by by IN 40119 400 6 dividing divide VBG 40119 400 7 the the DT 40119 400 8 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 400 9 into into IN 40119 400 10 any any DT 40119 400 11 two two CD 40119 400 12 portions portion NNS 40119 400 13 whatever whatever WDT 40119 400 14 -- -- : 40119 400 15 as as IN 40119 400 16 , , , 40119 400 17 for for IN 40119 400 18 example example NN 40119 400 19 , , , 40119 400 20 by by IN 40119 400 21 the the DT 40119 400 22 complicated complicated JJ 40119 400 23 stencil stencil NN 40119 400 24 shown show VBN 40119 400 25 in in IN 40119 400 26 Fig Fig NNP 40119 400 27 . . . 40119 401 1 9 9 CD 40119 401 2 - - HYPH 40119 401 3 -we -we : 40119 401 4 can can MD 40119 401 5 obtain obtain VB 40119 401 6 an an DT 40119 401 7 indefinite indefinite JJ 40119 401 8 number number NN 40119 401 9 of of IN 40119 401 10 pairs pair NNS 40119 401 11 of of IN 40119 401 12 complementary complementary JJ 40119 401 13 colours colour NNS 40119 401 14 . . . 40119 402 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 402 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 402 3 : : : 40119 402 4 _ _ NNP 40119 402 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 402 6 . . . 40119 403 1 9.--Stencil 9.--stencil CD 40119 403 2 Card Card NNP 40119 403 3 for for IN 40119 403 4 Complementary Complementary NNP 40119 403 5 Colours Colours NNP 40119 403 6 . . . 40119 403 7 _ _ NNP 40119 403 8 ] ] -RRB- 40119 403 9 But but CC 40119 403 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 403 11 is be VBZ 40119 403 12 by by IN 40119 403 13 no no DT 40119 403 14 means means NN 40119 403 15 indispensable indispensable JJ 40119 403 16 that that IN 40119 403 17 both both DT 40119 403 18 or or CC 40119 403 19 either either DT 40119 403 20 of of IN 40119 403 21 a a DT 40119 403 22 pair pair NN 40119 403 23 of of IN 40119 403 24 complementary complementary JJ 40119 403 25 colours colour NNS 40119 403 26 should should MD 40119 403 27 be be VB 40119 403 28 compound compound VBN 40119 403 29 . . . 40119 404 1 To to TO 40119 404 2 prove prove VB 40119 404 3 this this DT 40119 404 4 , , , 40119 404 5 two two CD 40119 404 6 strips strip NNS 40119 404 7 of of IN 40119 404 8 card card NN 40119 404 9 with with IN 40119 404 10 narrow narrow JJ 40119 404 11 vertical vertical JJ 40119 404 12 openings opening NNS 40119 404 13 A a NN 40119 404 14 and and CC 40119 404 15 B b NN 40119 404 16 are be VBP 40119 404 17 prepared prepare VBN 40119 404 18 as as IN 40119 404 19 shown show VBN 40119 404 20 in in IN 40119 404 21 Fig Fig NNP 40119 404 22 . . . 40119 405 1 10 10 CD 40119 405 2 . . . 40119 406 1 The the DT 40119 406 2 cards card NNS 40119 406 3 are be VBP 40119 406 4 placed place VBN 40119 406 5 one one CD 40119 406 6 above above IN 40119 406 7 the the DT 40119 406 8 other other JJ 40119 406 9 and and CC 40119 406 10 can can MD 40119 406 11 be be VB 40119 406 12 slipped slip VBN 40119 406 13 in in IN 40119 406 14 a a DT 40119 406 15 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 406 16 direction direction NN 40119 406 17 , , , 40119 406 18 so so IN 40119 406 19 that that IN 40119 406 20 the the DT 40119 406 21 narrow narrow JJ 40119 406 22 openings opening NNS 40119 406 23 can can MD 40119 406 24 be be VB 40119 406 25 brought bring VBN 40119 406 26 into into IN 40119 406 27 any any DT 40119 406 28 desired desire VBN 40119 406 29 part part NN 40119 406 30 of of IN 40119 406 31 the the DT 40119 406 32 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 406 33 which which WDT 40119 406 34 is be VBZ 40119 406 35 indicated indicate VBN 40119 406 36 in in IN 40119 406 37 outline outline NN 40119 406 38 by by IN 40119 406 39 the the DT 40119 406 40 dotted dot VBN 40119 406 41 oblong oblong NN 40119 406 42 . . . 40119 407 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 407 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 407 3 : : : 40119 407 4 _ _ NNP 40119 407 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 407 6 . . . 40119 408 1 10.--Slide 10.--slide CD 40119 408 2 for for IN 40119 408 3 mixing mix VBG 40119 408 4 any any DT 40119 408 5 two two CD 40119 408 6 Spectral Spectral NNP 40119 408 7 Colours Colours NNPS 40119 408 8 . . . 40119 408 9 _ _ NNP 40119 408 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 408 11 Bring bring VB 40119 408 12 the the DT 40119 408 13 opening opening NN 40119 408 14 A a NN 40119 408 15 of of IN 40119 408 16 the the DT 40119 408 17 upper upper JJ 40119 408 18 card card NN 40119 408 19 into into IN 40119 408 20 the the DT 40119 408 21 yellow yellow NN 40119 408 22 of of IN 40119 408 23 the the DT 40119 408 24 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 408 25 and and CC 40119 408 26 the the DT 40119 408 27 opening opening NN 40119 408 28 B b NN 40119 408 29 of of IN 40119 408 30 the the DT 40119 408 31 lower low JJR 40119 408 32 card card NN 40119 408 33 into into IN 40119 408 34 the the DT 40119 408 35 blue blue NN 40119 408 36 . . . 40119 409 1 The the DT 40119 409 2 bright bright JJ 40119 409 3 patch patch NN 40119 409 4 formed form VBN 40119 409 5 upon upon IN 40119 409 6 the the DT 40119 409 7 screen screen NN 40119 409 8 will will MD 40119 409 9 then then RB 40119 409 10 be be VB 40119 409 11 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 409 12 by by IN 40119 409 13 simple simple JJ 40119 409 14 blue blue JJ 40119 409 15 and and CC 40119 409 16 yellow yellow JJ 40119 409 17 rays ray NNS 40119 409 18 ; ; : 40119 409 19 yet yet CC 40119 409 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 409 21 will will MD 40119 409 22 be be VB 40119 409 23 white white JJ 40119 409 24 -- -- : 40119 409 25 not not RB 40119 409 26 green green JJ 40119 409 27 , , , 40119 409 28 as as IN 40119 409 29 it -PRON- PRP 40119 409 30 would would MD 40119 409 31 be be VB 40119 409 32 if if IN 40119 409 33 Brewster Brewster NNP 40119 409 34 's 's POS 40119 409 35 theory theory NN 40119 409 36 were be VBD 40119 409 37 correct correct JJ 40119 409 38 . . . 40119 410 1 If if IN 40119 410 2 upon upon IN 40119 410 3 the the DT 40119 410 4 first first JJ 40119 410 5 trial trial NN 40119 410 6 the the DT 40119 410 7 white white NNP 40119 410 8 should should MD 40119 410 9 not not RB 40119 410 10 be be VB 40119 410 11 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 410 12 pure pure JJ 40119 410 13 , , , 40119 410 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 410 15 can can MD 40119 410 16 easily easily RB 40119 410 17 be be VB 40119 410 18 made make VBN 40119 410 19 so so RB 40119 410 20 by by IN 40119 410 21 partially partially RB 40119 410 22 covering cover VBG 40119 410 23 either either CC 40119 410 24 A a NN 40119 410 25 or or CC 40119 410 26 B b NN 40119 410 27 -- -- : 40119 410 28 the the DT 40119 410 29 first first JJ 40119 410 30 if if IN 40119 410 31 the the DT 40119 410 32 white white NNP 40119 410 33 is be VBZ 40119 410 34 yellowish yellowish JJ 40119 410 35 , , , 40119 410 36 the the DT 40119 410 37 second second JJ 40119 410 38 if if IN 40119 410 39 it -PRON- PRP 40119 410 40 is be VBZ 40119 410 41 bluish bluish JJ 40119 410 42 . . . 40119 411 1 Simple simple JJ 40119 411 2 spectral spectral JJ 40119 411 3 blue blue JJ 40119 411 4 and and CC 40119 411 5 yellow yellow NN 40119 411 6 are be VBP 40119 411 7 therefore therefore RB 40119 411 8 no no RB 40119 411 9 less less RBR 40119 411 10 truly truly RB 40119 411 11 complementary complementary JJ 40119 411 12 colours colour NNS 40119 411 13 than than IN 40119 411 14 are be VBP 40119 411 15 the the DT 40119 411 16 compound compound NN 40119 411 17 hues hue NNS 40119 411 18 formed form VBN 40119 411 19 when when WRB 40119 411 20 the the DT 40119 411 21 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 411 22 is be VBZ 40119 411 23 divided divide VBN 40119 411 24 into into IN 40119 411 25 two two CD 40119 411 26 parts part NNS 40119 411 27 . . . 40119 412 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 412 2 is be VBZ 40119 412 3 noticeable noticeable JJ 40119 412 4 , , , 40119 412 5 however however RB 40119 412 6 , , , 40119 412 7 that that IN 40119 412 8 the the DT 40119 412 9 white white JJ 40119 412 10 light light NN 40119 412 11 resulting result VBG 40119 412 12 from from IN 40119 412 13 the the DT 40119 412 14 combination combination NN 40119 412 15 of of IN 40119 412 16 blue blue JJ 40119 412 17 and and CC 40119 412 18 yellow yellow JJ 40119 412 19 , , , 40119 412 20 though though IN 40119 412 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 412 22 can can MD 40119 412 23 not not RB 40119 412 24 be be VB 40119 412 25 distinguished distinguish VBN 40119 412 26 by by IN 40119 412 27 the the DT 40119 412 28 eye eye NN 40119 412 29 from from IN 40119 412 30 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 412 31 white white JJ 40119 412 32 light light NN 40119 412 33 , , , 40119 412 34 is be VBZ 40119 412 35 yet yet RB 40119 412 36 possessed possess VBN 40119 412 37 of of IN 40119 412 38 very very RB 40119 412 39 different different JJ 40119 412 40 properties property NNS 40119 412 41 . . . 40119 413 1 Most Most JJS 40119 413 2 coloured colour VBN 40119 413 3 objects object NNS 40119 413 4 when when WRB 40119 413 5 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 413 6 by by IN 40119 413 7 it -PRON- PRP 40119 413 8 have have VBP 40119 413 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 413 10 hues hue NNS 40119 413 11 greatly greatly RB 40119 413 12 altered alter VBN 40119 413 13 ; ; : 40119 413 14 a a DT 40119 413 15 piece piece NN 40119 413 16 of of IN 40119 413 17 ribbon ribbon NN 40119 413 18 , , , 40119 413 19 for for IN 40119 413 20 example example NN 40119 413 21 , , , 40119 413 22 which which WDT 40119 413 23 in in IN 40119 413 24 common common JJ 40119 413 25 light light NN 40119 413 26 is be VBZ 40119 413 27 bright bright JJ 40119 413 28 red red JJ 40119 413 29 , , , 40119 413 30 will will MD 40119 413 31 appear appear VB 40119 413 32 when when WRB 40119 413 33 held hold VBN 40119 413 34 in in IN 40119 413 35 the the DT 40119 413 36 blue blue JJ 40119 413 37 - - HYPH 40119 413 38 yellow yellow JJ 40119 413 39 light light NN 40119 413 40 to to TO 40119 413 41 be be VB 40119 413 42 of of IN 40119 413 43 a a DT 40119 413 44 dark dark JJ 40119 413 45 slate slate NN 40119 413 46 colour colour NN 40119 413 47 , , , 40119 413 48 almost almost RB 40119 413 49 black black JJ 40119 413 50 . . . 40119 414 1 If if IN 40119 414 2 the the DT 40119 414 3 opening opening NN 40119 414 4 A A NNP 40119 414 5 is be VBZ 40119 414 6 placed place VBN 40119 414 7 in in IN 40119 414 8 any any DT 40119 414 9 part part NN 40119 414 10 whatever whatever WDT 40119 414 11 of of IN 40119 414 12 the the DT 40119 414 13 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 414 14 except except IN 40119 414 15 the the DT 40119 414 16 green green NN 40119 414 17 , , , 40119 414 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 414 19 will will MD 40119 414 20 always always RB 40119 414 21 be be VB 40119 414 22 possible possible JJ 40119 414 23 , , , 40119 414 24 by by IN 40119 414 25 moving move VBG 40119 414 26 B b NN 40119 414 27 backwards backwards RB 40119 414 28 or or CC 40119 414 29 forwards forwards RB 40119 414 30 , , , 40119 414 31 to to TO 40119 414 32 find find VB 40119 414 33 some some DT 40119 414 34 other other JJ 40119 414 35 part part NN 40119 414 36 where where WRB 40119 414 37 the the DT 40119 414 38 colour colour NN 40119 414 39 is be VBZ 40119 414 40 complementary complementary JJ 40119 414 41 to to IN 40119 414 42 that that DT 40119 414 43 at at IN 40119 414 44 A. a. NN 40119 415 1 To to TO 40119 415 2 green green JJ 40119 415 3 there there EX 40119 415 4 is be VBZ 40119 415 5 no no DT 40119 415 6 simple simple JJ 40119 415 7 complementary complementary NN 40119 415 8 ; ; : 40119 415 9 a a DT 40119 415 10 purple purple NN 40119 415 11 is be VBZ 40119 415 12 required require VBN 40119 415 13 , , , 40119 415 14 which which WDT 40119 415 15 is be VBZ 40119 415 16 not not RB 40119 415 17 found find VBN 40119 415 18 in in IN 40119 415 19 the the DT 40119 415 20 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 415 21 , , , 40119 415 22 but but CC 40119 415 23 may may MD 40119 415 24 be be VB 40119 415 25 formed form VBN 40119 415 26 by by IN 40119 415 27 combining combine VBG 40119 415 28 small small JJ 40119 415 29 portions portion NNS 40119 415 30 of of IN 40119 415 31 spectral spectral JJ 40119 415 32 blue blue JJ 40119 415 33 and and CC 40119 415 34 red red JJ 40119 415 35 . . . 40119 416 1 For for IN 40119 416 2 studying study VBG 40119 416 3 mixtures mixture NNS 40119 416 4 of of IN 40119 416 5 three three CD 40119 416 6 simple simple JJ 40119 416 7 colours colour NNS 40119 416 8 , , , 40119 416 9 a a DT 40119 416 10 third third JJ 40119 416 11 slide slide NN 40119 416 12 may may MD 40119 416 13 be be VB 40119 416 14 added add VBN 40119 416 15 to to IN 40119 416 16 the the DT 40119 416 17 two two CD 40119 416 18 shown show VBN 40119 416 19 in in IN 40119 416 20 Fig Fig NNP 40119 416 21 . . . 40119 417 1 10 10 CD 40119 417 2 . . . 40119 418 1 The the DT 40119 418 2 following follow VBG 40119 418 3 little little JJ 40119 418 4 table table NN 40119 418 5 gives give VBZ 40119 418 6 the the DT 40119 418 7 principal principal JJ 40119 418 8 pairs pair NNS 40119 418 9 of of IN 40119 418 10 complementary complementary JJ 40119 418 11 colours colour NNS 40119 418 12 . . . 40119 419 1 TABLE TABLE NNS 40119 419 2 OF of IN 40119 419 3 COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEMENTARY NNP 40119 419 4 COLOURS colour NNS 40119 419 5 . . . 40119 420 1 Red Red NNP 40119 420 2 Greenish Greenish NNP 40119 420 3 - - HYPH 40119 420 4 blue blue JJ 40119 420 5 Orange Orange NNP 40119 420 6 Sky Sky NNP 40119 420 7 - - HYPH 40119 420 8 blue blue JJ 40119 420 9 Yellow Yellow NNP 40119 420 10 Blue Blue NNP 40119 420 11 Greenish greenish JJ 40119 420 12 - - HYPH 40119 420 13 yellow yellow JJ 40119 420 14 Violet Violet NNP 40119 420 15 Green Green NNP 40119 420 16 Purple Purple NNP 40119 420 17 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 420 18 III III NNP 40119 420 19 . . . 40119 421 1 SOME some DT 40119 421 2 OPTICAL optical NN 40119 421 3 DEFECTS DEFECTS NNP 40119 421 4 OF of IN 40119 421 5 THE the DT 40119 421 6 EYE EYE NNP 40119 421 7 . . . 40119 422 1 More More JJR 40119 422 2 than than IN 40119 422 3 one one CD 40119 422 4 reference reference NN 40119 422 5 has have VBZ 40119 422 6 been be VBN 40119 422 7 made make VBN 40119 422 8 to to IN 40119 422 9 the the DT 40119 422 10 fact fact NN 40119 422 11 that that IN 40119 422 12 the the DT 40119 422 13 sense sense NN 40119 422 14 of of IN 40119 422 15 sight sight NN 40119 422 16 , , , 40119 422 17 even even RB 40119 422 18 in in IN 40119 422 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 422 20 best good JJS 40119 422 21 normal normal JJ 40119 422 22 condition condition NN 40119 422 23 , , , 40119 422 24 is be VBZ 40119 422 25 characterised characterise VBN 40119 422 26 by by IN 40119 422 27 certain certain JJ 40119 422 28 defects defect NNS 40119 422 29 and and CC 40119 422 30 anomalies anomaly NNS 40119 422 31 . . . 40119 423 1 Some some DT 40119 423 2 of of IN 40119 423 3 these these DT 40119 423 4 arise arise VBP 40119 423 5 directly directly RB 40119 423 6 from from IN 40119 423 7 causes cause NNS 40119 423 8 inherent inherent JJ 40119 423 9 in in IN 40119 423 10 the the DT 40119 423 11 design design NN 40119 423 12 or or CC 40119 423 13 structure structure NN 40119 423 14 of of IN 40119 423 15 the the DT 40119 423 16 eye eye NN 40119 423 17 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 423 18 , , , 40119 423 19 and and CC 40119 423 20 may may MD 40119 423 21 be be VB 40119 423 22 broadly broadly RB 40119 423 23 classified classify VBN 40119 423 24 as as IN 40119 423 25 physical physical JJ 40119 423 26 ; ; : 40119 423 27 others other NNS 40119 423 28 are be VBP 40119 423 29 of of IN 40119 423 30 psychological psychological JJ 40119 423 31 origin origin NN 40119 423 32 , , , 40119 423 33 and and CC 40119 423 34 result result VB 40119 423 35 from from IN 40119 423 36 the the DT 40119 423 37 erroneous erroneous JJ 40119 423 38 interpretations interpretation NNS 40119 423 39 placed place VBN 40119 423 40 by by IN 40119 423 41 the the DT 40119 423 42 mind mind NN 40119 423 43 upon upon IN 40119 423 44 the the DT 40119 423 45 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 423 46 presented present VBN 40119 423 47 to to IN 40119 423 48 it -PRON- PRP 40119 423 49 through through IN 40119 423 50 the the DT 40119 423 51 medium medium NN 40119 423 52 of of IN 40119 423 53 the the DT 40119 423 54 optic optic JJ 40119 423 55 nerve nerve NN 40119 423 56 and and CC 40119 423 57 the the DT 40119 423 58 brain brain NN 40119 423 59 . . . 40119 424 1 Among among IN 40119 424 2 the the DT 40119 424 3 numerous numerous JJ 40119 424 4 physical physical JJ 40119 424 5 defects defect NNS 40119 424 6 of of IN 40119 424 7 the the DT 40119 424 8 eye eye NN 40119 424 9 none none NN 40119 424 10 is be VBZ 40119 424 11 more more RBR 40119 424 12 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 424 13 than than IN 40119 424 14 the the DT 40119 424 15 absence absence NN 40119 424 16 of of IN 40119 424 17 means mean NNS 40119 424 18 for for IN 40119 424 19 properly properly RB 40119 424 20 correcting correct VBG 40119 424 21 chromatic chromatic JJ 40119 424 22 aberration aberration NN 40119 424 23 . . . 40119 425 1 This this DT 40119 425 2 defect defect NN 40119 425 3 is be VBZ 40119 425 4 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 425 5 because because IN 40119 425 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 425 7 appears appear VBZ 40119 425 8 -- -- : 40119 425 9 at at IN 40119 425 10 least least JJS 40119 425 11 to to IN 40119 425 12 those those DT 40119 425 13 who who WP 40119 425 14 are be VBP 40119 425 15 without without IN 40119 425 16 actual actual JJ 40119 425 17 experience experience NN 40119 425 18 in in IN 40119 425 19 the the DT 40119 425 20 manufacture manufacture NN 40119 425 21 of of IN 40119 425 22 eyes eye NNS 40119 425 23 -- -- : 40119 425 24 to to TO 40119 425 25 be be VB 40119 425 26 one one CD 40119 425 27 which which WDT 40119 425 28 might may MD 40119 425 29 very very RB 40119 425 30 easily easily RB 40119 425 31 have have VB 40119 425 32 been be VBN 40119 425 33 avoided avoid VBN 40119 425 34 . . . 40119 426 1 So so RB 40119 426 2 far far RB 40119 426 3 as as IN 40119 426 4 a a DT 40119 426 5 mere mere JJ 40119 426 6 theorist theorist NN 40119 426 7 can can MD 40119 426 8 judge judge VB 40119 426 9 , , , 40119 426 10 an an DT 40119 426 11 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 426 12 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 426 13 of of IN 40119 426 14 lenses lense NNS 40119 426 15 would would MD 40119 426 16 have have VB 40119 426 17 been be VBN 40119 426 18 just just RB 40119 426 19 as as RB 40119 426 20 simple simple JJ 40119 426 21 and and CC 40119 426 22 just just RB 40119 426 23 as as RB 40119 426 24 cheap cheap JJ 40119 426 25 ( ( -LRB- 40119 426 26 if if IN 40119 426 27 I -PRON- PRP 40119 426 28 may may MD 40119 426 29 use use VB 40119 426 30 the the DT 40119 426 31 term term NN 40119 426 32 ) ) -RRB- 40119 426 33 as as IN 40119 426 34 the the DT 40119 426 35 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 426 36 with with IN 40119 426 37 which which WDT 40119 426 38 we -PRON- PRP 40119 426 39 find find VBP 40119 426 40 ourselves -PRON- PRP 40119 426 41 provided provide VBN 40119 426 42 . . . 40119 427 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 427 2 is be VBZ 40119 427 3 true true JJ 40119 427 4 that that IN 40119 427 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 427 6 manage manage VBP 40119 427 7 to to TO 40119 427 8 go go VB 40119 427 9 through through IN 40119 427 10 life life NN 40119 427 11 very very RB 40119 427 12 well well RB 40119 427 13 with with IN 40119 427 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 427 15 uncorrected uncorrected JJ 40119 427 16 lenses lense NNS 40119 427 17 , , , 40119 427 18 and and CC 40119 427 19 indeed indeed RB 40119 427 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 427 21 is be VBZ 40119 427 22 hardly hardly RB 40119 427 23 possible possible JJ 40119 427 24 by by IN 40119 427 25 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 427 26 observation observation NN 40119 427 27 to to TO 40119 427 28 detect detect VB 40119 427 29 any any DT 40119 427 30 evidence evidence NN 40119 427 31 of of IN 40119 427 32 the the DT 40119 427 33 imperfection imperfection NN 40119 427 34 . . . 40119 428 1 Yet yet CC 40119 428 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 428 3 existence existence NN 40119 428 4 in in IN 40119 428 5 a a DT 40119 428 6 glaring glaring JJ 40119 428 7 degree degree NN 40119 428 8 is be VBZ 40119 428 9 undoubted undoubted JJ 40119 428 10 , , , 40119 428 11 and and CC 40119 428 12 can can MD 40119 428 13 be be VB 40119 428 14 readily readily RB 40119 428 15 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 428 16 by by IN 40119 428 17 a a DT 40119 428 18 great great JJ 40119 428 19 variety variety NN 40119 428 20 of of IN 40119 428 21 methods method NNS 40119 428 22 . . . 40119 429 1 The the DT 40119 429 2 conclusion conclusion NN 40119 429 3 is be VBZ 40119 429 4 inevitable inevitable JJ 40119 429 5 that that IN 40119 429 6 with with IN 40119 429 7 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 429 8 eyes eye NNS 40119 429 9 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 429 10 vision vision NN 40119 429 11 would would MD 40119 429 12 be be VB 40119 429 13 improved improve VBN 40119 429 14 , , , 40119 429 15 but but CC 40119 429 16 whether whether IN 40119 429 17 there there EX 40119 429 18 may may MD 40119 429 19 not not RB 40119 429 20 possibly possibly RB 40119 429 21 exist exist VB 40119 429 22 reasons reason NNS 40119 429 23 why why WRB 40119 429 24 such such PDT 40119 429 25 an an DT 40119 429 26 improvement improvement NN 40119 429 27 could could MD 40119 429 28 only only RB 40119 429 29 be be VB 40119 429 30 achieved achieve VBN 40119 429 31 at at IN 40119 429 32 a a DT 40119 429 33 disproportionately disproportionately RB 40119 429 34 high high JJ 40119 429 35 cost cost NN 40119 429 36 is be VBZ 40119 429 37 a a DT 40119 429 38 question question NN 40119 429 39 which which WDT 40119 429 40 can can MD 40119 429 41 not not RB 40119 429 42 at at IN 40119 429 43 present present JJ 40119 429 44 be be VB 40119 429 45 answered answer VBN 40119 429 46 . . . 40119 430 1 Without without IN 40119 430 2 going go VBG 40119 430 3 into into IN 40119 430 4 matters matter NNS 40119 430 5 which which WDT 40119 430 6 are be VBP 40119 430 7 dealt deal VBN 40119 430 8 with with IN 40119 430 9 in in IN 40119 430 10 every every DT 40119 430 11 elementary elementary JJ 40119 430 12 text text NN 40119 430 13 book book NN 40119 430 14 of of IN 40119 430 15 optics optic NNS 40119 430 16 or or CC 40119 430 17 general general JJ 40119 430 18 physics physics NN 40119 430 19 , , , 40119 430 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 430 21 may may MD 40119 430 22 be be VB 40119 430 23 desirable desirable JJ 40119 430 24 to to TO 40119 430 25 explain explain VB 40119 430 26 shortly shortly RB 40119 430 27 what what WP 40119 430 28 is be VBZ 40119 430 29 meant mean VBN 40119 430 30 by by IN 40119 430 31 the the DT 40119 430 32 terms term NNS 40119 430 33 chromatic chromatic JJ 40119 430 34 aberration aberration NN 40119 430 35 , , , 40119 430 36 and and CC 40119 430 37 achromatism achromatism NN 40119 430 38 . . . 40119 431 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 431 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 431 3 : : : 40119 431 4 _ _ NNP 40119 431 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 431 6 . . . 40119 432 1 11.--Refraction 11.--refraction CD 40119 432 2 of of IN 40119 432 3 monochromatic monochromatic JJ 40119 432 4 Light Light NNP 40119 432 5 by by IN 40119 432 6 a a DT 40119 432 7 lens lens NN 40119 432 8 . . . 40119 432 9 _ _ NNP 40119 432 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 432 11 Let Let NNP 40119 432 12 L L NNP 40119 432 13 L l NN 40119 432 14 , , , 40119 432 15 Fig Fig NNP 40119 432 16 . . . 40119 433 1 11 11 CD 40119 433 2 , , , 40119 433 3 represent represent VBP 40119 433 4 in in IN 40119 433 5 section section NN 40119 433 6 a a DT 40119 433 7 circular circular JJ 40119 433 8 convex convex NNS 40119 433 9 lens lens NN 40119 433 10 , , , 40119 433 11 and and CC 40119 433 12 P p NN 40119 433 13 a a DT 40119 433 14 luminous luminous JJ 40119 433 15 point point NN 40119 433 16 , , , 40119 433 17 which which WDT 40119 433 18 is be VBZ 40119 433 19 most most RBS 40119 433 20 conveniently conveniently RB 40119 433 21 supposed suppose VBN 40119 433 22 to to TO 40119 433 23 be be VB 40119 433 24 situated situate VBN 40119 433 25 on on IN 40119 433 26 the the DT 40119 433 27 axis axis NN 40119 433 28 of of IN 40119 433 29 the the DT 40119 433 30 lens lens NN 40119 433 31 . . . 40119 434 1 Imagine imagine VB 40119 434 2 P p NN 40119 434 3 to to TO 40119 434 4 be be VB 40119 434 5 surrounded surround VBN 40119 434 6 in in IN 40119 434 7 the the DT 40119 434 8 first first JJ 40119 434 9 instance instance NN 40119 434 10 by by IN 40119 434 11 a a DT 40119 434 12 glass glass NN 40119 434 13 shade shade NN 40119 434 14 which which WDT 40119 434 15 transmits transmit VBZ 40119 434 16 only only RB 40119 434 17 monochromatic monochromatic JJ 40119 434 18 red red JJ 40119 434 19 light light NN 40119 434 20 . . . 40119 435 1 So so RB 40119 435 2 much much JJ 40119 435 3 of of IN 40119 435 4 the the DT 40119 435 5 light light NN 40119 435 6 from from IN 40119 435 7 P P NNP 40119 435 8 as as IN 40119 435 9 falls fall VBZ 40119 435 10 upon upon IN 40119 435 11 the the DT 40119 435 12 lens lens NN 40119 435 13 will will MD 40119 435 14 be be VB 40119 435 15 refracted refract VBN 40119 435 16 to to IN 40119 435 17 a a DT 40119 435 18 point point NN 40119 435 19 at at IN 40119 435 20 the the DT 40119 435 21 conjugate conjugate NN 40119 435 22 focus focus NN 40119 435 23 F F NNP 40119 435 24 , , , 40119 435 25 and and CC 40119 435 26 after after IN 40119 435 27 passing pass VBG 40119 435 28 this this DT 40119 435 29 point point NN 40119 435 30 will will MD 40119 435 31 diverge diverge VB 40119 435 32 again again RB 40119 435 33 ; ; : 40119 435 34 the the DT 40119 435 35 refracted refract VBN 40119 435 36 light light JJ 40119 435 37 rays ray NNS 40119 435 38 will will MD 40119 435 39 , , , 40119 435 40 in in IN 40119 435 41 fact fact NN 40119 435 42 , , , 40119 435 43 form form VB 40119 435 44 a a DT 40119 435 45 double double JJ 40119 435 46 cone cone NN 40119 435 47 , , , 40119 435 48 of of IN 40119 435 49 which which WDT 40119 435 50 F F NNP 40119 435 51 is be VBZ 40119 435 52 the the DT 40119 435 53 apex apex NN 40119 435 54 . . . 40119 436 1 If if IN 40119 436 2 a a DT 40119 436 3 white white JJ 40119 436 4 screen screen NN 40119 436 5 be be VB 40119 436 6 held hold VBN 40119 436 7 at at IN 40119 436 8 F F NNP 40119 436 9 , , , 40119 436 10 there there EX 40119 436 11 will will MD 40119 436 12 be be VB 40119 436 13 focussed focusse VBN 40119 436 14 upon upon IN 40119 436 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 436 16 a a DT 40119 436 17 small small JJ 40119 436 18 clearly clearly RB 40119 436 19 - - HYPH 40119 436 20 defined define VBN 40119 436 21 image image NN 40119 436 22 of of IN 40119 436 23 the the DT 40119 436 24 luminous luminous JJ 40119 436 25 point point NN 40119 436 26 . . . 40119 437 1 If if IN 40119 437 2 , , , 40119 437 3 however however RB 40119 437 4 , , , 40119 437 5 the the DT 40119 437 6 screen screen NN 40119 437 7 be be VB 40119 437 8 moved move VBN 40119 437 9 nearer nearer RB 40119 437 10 to to IN 40119 437 11 or or CC 40119 437 12 further further RB 40119 437 13 from from IN 40119 437 14 the the DT 40119 437 15 lens lens NN 40119 437 16 , , , 40119 437 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 437 18 will will MD 40119 437 19 cut cut VB 40119 437 20 the the DT 40119 437 21 cone cone NN 40119 437 22 of of IN 40119 437 23 light light NN 40119 437 24 , , , 40119 437 25 and and CC 40119 437 26 the the DT 40119 437 27 image image NN 40119 437 28 will will MD 40119 437 29 then then RB 40119 437 30 no no RB 40119 437 31 longer longer RB 40119 437 32 appear appear VB 40119 437 33 as as IN 40119 437 34 a a DT 40119 437 35 point point NN 40119 437 36 , , , 40119 437 37 but but CC 40119 437 38 as as IN 40119 437 39 a a DT 40119 437 40 circular circular JJ 40119 437 41 red red JJ 40119 437 42 disk disk NN 40119 437 43 , , , 40119 437 44 which which WDT 40119 437 45 will will MD 40119 437 46 be be VB 40119 437 47 larger large JJR 40119 437 48 the the DT 40119 437 49 greater great JJR 40119 437 50 the the DT 40119 437 51 distance distance NN 40119 437 52 of of IN 40119 437 53 the the DT 40119 437 54 screen screen NN 40119 437 55 from from IN 40119 437 56 F. F. NNP 40119 437 57 Such such PDT 40119 437 58 a a DT 40119 437 59 disk disk NN 40119 437 60 is be VBZ 40119 437 61 known know VBN 40119 437 62 as as IN 40119 437 63 a a DT 40119 437 64 " " `` 40119 437 65 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 437 66 circle circle NN 40119 437 67 . . . 40119 437 68 " " '' 40119 438 1 Suppose suppose VB 40119 438 2 now now RB 40119 438 3 that that IN 40119 438 4 we -PRON- PRP 40119 438 5 substitute substitute VBP 40119 438 6 for for IN 40119 438 7 the the DT 40119 438 8 red red JJ 40119 438 9 glass glass NN 40119 438 10 , , , 40119 438 11 surrounding surround VBG 40119 438 12 the the DT 40119 438 13 source source NN 40119 438 14 of of IN 40119 438 15 light light NN 40119 438 16 , , , 40119 438 17 a a DT 40119 438 18 purple purple JJ 40119 438 19 one one CD 40119 438 20 capable capable JJ 40119 438 21 of of IN 40119 438 22 transmitting transmit VBG 40119 438 23 not not RB 40119 438 24 only only RB 40119 438 25 red red JJ 40119 438 26 rays ray NNS 40119 438 27 but but CC 40119 438 28 violet violet NN 40119 438 29 as as RB 40119 438 30 well well RB 40119 438 31 . . . 40119 439 1 The the DT 40119 439 2 lens lens NN 40119 439 3 will will MD 40119 439 4 cause cause VB 40119 439 5 both both CC 40119 439 6 the the DT 40119 439 7 red red NN 40119 439 8 and and CC 40119 439 9 the the DT 40119 439 10 violet violet NN 40119 439 11 rays ray NNS 40119 439 12 which which WDT 40119 439 13 pass pass VBP 40119 439 14 through through IN 40119 439 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 439 16 to to TO 40119 439 17 converge converge VB 40119 439 18 ; ; : 40119 439 19 but but CC 40119 439 20 since since IN 40119 439 21 the the DT 40119 439 22 violet violet NN 40119 439 23 rays ray NNS 40119 439 24 are be VBP 40119 439 25 more more RBR 40119 439 26 refrangible refrangible JJ 40119 439 27 -- -- : 40119 439 28 more more RBR 40119 439 29 easily easily RB 40119 439 30 refracted refract VBN 40119 439 31 or or CC 40119 439 32 bent bent JJ 40119 439 33 aside aside RB 40119 439 34 out out IN 40119 439 35 of of IN 40119 439 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 439 37 straight straight JJ 40119 439 38 course course NN 40119 439 39 -- -- : 40119 439 40 than than IN 40119 439 41 the the DT 40119 439 42 red red NN 40119 439 43 , , , 40119 439 44 there there EX 40119 439 45 will will MD 40119 439 46 now now RB 40119 439 47 be be VB 40119 439 48 two two CD 40119 439 49 double double JJ 40119 439 50 cones cone NNS 40119 439 51 , , , 40119 439 52 as as IN 40119 439 53 shown show VBN 40119 439 54 in in IN 40119 439 55 Fig Fig NNP 40119 439 56 . . . 40119 440 1 12 12 CD 40119 440 2 , , , 40119 440 3 where where WRB 40119 440 4 the the DT 40119 440 5 contours contour NNS 40119 440 6 of of IN 40119 440 7 the the DT 40119 440 8 red red JJ 40119 440 9 cones cone NNS 40119 440 10 are be VBP 40119 440 11 represented represent VBN 40119 440 12 by by IN 40119 440 13 solid solid JJ 40119 440 14 lines line NNS 40119 440 15 and and CC 40119 440 16 those those DT 40119 440 17 of of IN 40119 440 18 the the DT 40119 440 19 violet violet NN 40119 440 20 by by IN 40119 440 21 dots dot NNS 40119 440 22 . . . 40119 441 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 441 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 441 3 : : : 40119 441 4 _ _ NNP 40119 441 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 441 6 . . . 40119 442 1 12.--Refraction 12.--refraction CD 40119 442 2 of of IN 40119 442 3 dichromatic dichromatic JJ 40119 442 4 Light Light NNP 40119 442 5 . . . 40119 442 6 _ _ NNP 40119 442 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 442 8 The the DT 40119 442 9 focus focus NN 40119 442 10 of of IN 40119 442 11 the the DT 40119 442 12 red red JJ 40119 442 13 rays ray NNS 40119 442 14 will will MD 40119 442 15 as as IN 40119 442 16 before before RB 40119 442 17 be be VB 40119 442 18 at at IN 40119 442 19 F F NNP 40119 442 20 , , , 40119 442 21 but but CC 40119 442 22 that that DT 40119 442 23 of of IN 40119 442 24 the the DT 40119 442 25 violet violet NN 40119 442 26 will will MD 40119 442 27 be be VB 40119 442 28 nearer nearer IN 40119 442 29 to to IN 40119 442 30 the the DT 40119 442 31 lens lens NN 40119 442 32 , , , 40119 442 33 as as IN 40119 442 34 at at IN 40119 442 35 H h NN 40119 442 36 , , , 40119 442 37 and and CC 40119 442 38 this this DT 40119 442 39 being be VBG 40119 442 40 so so RB 40119 442 41 , , , 40119 442 42 it -PRON- PRP 40119 442 43 is be VBZ 40119 442 44 evident evident JJ 40119 442 45 that that IN 40119 442 46 a a DT 40119 442 47 well well RB 40119 442 48 defined define VBN 40119 442 49 image image NN 40119 442 50 of of IN 40119 442 51 the the DT 40119 442 52 purple purple JJ 40119 442 53 source source NN 40119 442 54 of of IN 40119 442 55 light light NN 40119 442 56 can can MD 40119 442 57 not not RB 40119 442 58 possibly possibly RB 40119 442 59 be be VB 40119 442 60 formed form VBN 40119 442 61 upon upon IN 40119 442 62 a a DT 40119 442 63 screen screen NN 40119 442 64 placed place VBN 40119 442 65 anywhere anywhere RB 40119 442 66 behind behind IN 40119 442 67 the the DT 40119 442 68 lens lens NN 40119 442 69 . . . 40119 443 1 Held hold VBN 40119 443 2 in in IN 40119 443 3 the the DT 40119 443 4 position position NN 40119 443 5 indicated indicate VBN 40119 443 6 by by IN 40119 443 7 the the DT 40119 443 8 line line NN 40119 443 9 C C NNP 40119 443 10 C C NNP 40119 443 11 , , , 40119 443 12 where where WRB 40119 443 13 it -PRON- PRP 40119 443 14 passes pass VBZ 40119 443 15 through through IN 40119 443 16 the the DT 40119 443 17 focus focus NN 40119 443 18 of of IN 40119 443 19 the the DT 40119 443 20 red red JJ 40119 443 21 rays ray NNS 40119 443 22 , , , 40119 443 23 the the DT 40119 443 24 screen screen NN 40119 443 25 cuts cut VBZ 40119 443 26 one one CD 40119 443 27 of of IN 40119 443 28 the the DT 40119 443 29 cones cone NNS 40119 443 30 of of IN 40119 443 31 violet violet NN 40119 443 32 light light NN 40119 443 33 , , , 40119 443 34 and and CC 40119 443 35 the the DT 40119 443 36 image image NN 40119 443 37 at at IN 40119 443 38 F F NNP 40119 443 39 will will MD 40119 443 40 appear appear VB 40119 443 41 to to TO 40119 443 42 be be VB 40119 443 43 surrounded surround VBN 40119 443 44 by by IN 40119 443 45 a a DT 40119 443 46 violet violet NN 40119 443 47 halo halo NN 40119 443 48 . . . 40119 444 1 Held hold VBN 40119 444 2 at at IN 40119 444 3 A A NNP 40119 444 4 A A NNP 40119 444 5 , , , 40119 444 6 the the DT 40119 444 7 screen screen NN 40119 444 8 evidently evidently RB 40119 444 9 receives receive VBZ 40119 444 10 an an DT 40119 444 11 image image NN 40119 444 12 with with IN 40119 444 13 a a DT 40119 444 14 red red JJ 40119 444 15 halo halo NN 40119 444 16 round round IN 40119 444 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 444 18 . . . 40119 445 1 Only only RB 40119 445 2 at at IN 40119 445 3 B b NN 40119 445 4 B B NNP 40119 445 5 , , , 40119 445 6 in in IN 40119 445 7 the the DT 40119 445 8 plane plane NN 40119 445 9 where where WRB 40119 445 10 the the DT 40119 445 11 surfaces surface NNS 40119 445 12 of of IN 40119 445 13 the the DT 40119 445 14 red red NNP 40119 445 15 and and CC 40119 445 16 violet violet NNP 40119 445 17 cones cone NNS 40119 445 18 cut cut VBD 40119 445 19 one one CD 40119 445 20 another another DT 40119 445 21 , , , 40119 445 22 will will MD 40119 445 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 445 24 be be VB 40119 445 25 possible possible JJ 40119 445 26 to to TO 40119 445 27 obtain obtain VB 40119 445 28 an an DT 40119 445 29 image image NN 40119 445 30 without without IN 40119 445 31 a a DT 40119 445 32 coloured coloured JJ 40119 445 33 border border NN 40119 445 34 ; ; : 40119 445 35 but but CC 40119 445 36 here here RB 40119 445 37 good good JJ 40119 445 38 definition definition NN 40119 445 39 is be VBZ 40119 445 40 unattainable unattainable JJ 40119 445 41 , , , 40119 445 42 for for IN 40119 445 43 neither neither CC 40119 445 44 the the DT 40119 445 45 red red JJ 40119 445 46 nor nor CC 40119 445 47 the the DT 40119 445 48 violet violet NN 40119 445 49 rays ray NNS 40119 445 50 are be VBP 40119 445 51 in in IN 40119 445 52 focus focus NN 40119 445 53 , , , 40119 445 54 and and CC 40119 445 55 the the DT 40119 445 56 luminous luminous JJ 40119 445 57 point point NN 40119 445 58 is be VBZ 40119 445 59 represented represent VBN 40119 445 60 by by IN 40119 445 61 a a DT 40119 445 62 purple purple JJ 40119 445 63 disk disk NN 40119 445 64 or or CC 40119 445 65 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 445 66 circle circle NN 40119 445 67 of of IN 40119 445 68 sensible sensible JJ 40119 445 69 diameter diameter NN 40119 445 70 . . . 40119 446 1 If if IN 40119 446 2 rays ray NNS 40119 446 3 of of IN 40119 446 4 every every DT 40119 446 5 possible possible JJ 40119 446 6 refrangibility refrangibility NN 40119 446 7 are be VBP 40119 446 8 allowed allow VBN 40119 446 9 to to TO 40119 446 10 fall fall VB 40119 446 11 upon upon IN 40119 446 12 the the DT 40119 446 13 lens lens NN 40119 446 14 , , , 40119 446 15 as as IN 40119 446 16 is be VBZ 40119 446 17 the the DT 40119 446 18 case case NN 40119 446 19 when when WRB 40119 446 20 the the DT 40119 446 21 source source NN 40119 446 22 of of IN 40119 446 23 light light NN 40119 446 24 is be VBZ 40119 446 25 not not RB 40119 446 26 shielded shield VBN 40119 446 27 by by IN 40119 446 28 any any DT 40119 446 29 coloured coloured JJ 40119 446 30 glass glass NN 40119 446 31 , , , 40119 446 32 there there EX 40119 446 33 will will MD 40119 446 34 be be VB 40119 446 35 formed form VBN 40119 446 36 an an DT 40119 446 37 indefinite indefinite JJ 40119 446 38 number number NN 40119 446 39 of of IN 40119 446 40 pairs pair NNS 40119 446 41 of of IN 40119 446 42 cones cone NNS 40119 446 43 , , , 40119 446 44 the the DT 40119 446 45 apices apex NNS 40119 446 46 of of IN 40119 446 47 which which WDT 40119 446 48 will will MD 40119 446 49 lie lie VB 40119 446 50 along along IN 40119 446 51 the the DT 40119 446 52 straight straight JJ 40119 446 53 line line NN 40119 446 54 joining join VBG 40119 446 55 H h NN 40119 446 56 and and CC 40119 446 57 F. F. NNP 40119 446 58 It -PRON- PRP 40119 446 59 is be VBZ 40119 446 60 clear clear JJ 40119 446 61 that that IN 40119 446 62 all all PDT 40119 446 63 these these DT 40119 446 64 cones cone NNS 40119 446 65 can can MD 40119 446 66 not not RB 40119 446 67 possibly possibly RB 40119 446 68 intersect intersect VB 40119 446 69 in in IN 40119 446 70 a a DT 40119 446 71 single single JJ 40119 446 72 plane plane NN 40119 446 73 , , , 40119 446 74 and and CC 40119 446 75 consequently consequently RB 40119 446 76 no no DT 40119 446 77 position position NN 40119 446 78 can can MD 40119 446 79 be be VB 40119 446 80 found find VBN 40119 446 81 where where WRB 40119 446 82 the the DT 40119 446 83 edge edge NN 40119 446 84 of of IN 40119 446 85 the the DT 40119 446 86 projected project VBN 40119 446 87 image image NN 40119 446 88 is be VBZ 40119 446 89 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 446 90 free free JJ 40119 446 91 from from IN 40119 446 92 colour colour NN 40119 446 93 , , , 40119 446 94 though though IN 40119 446 95 at at IN 40119 446 96 a a DT 40119 446 97 certain certain JJ 40119 446 98 distance distance NN 40119 446 99 from from IN 40119 446 100 the the DT 40119 446 101 lens lens NN 40119 446 102 , , , 40119 446 103 where where WRB 40119 446 104 the the DT 40119 446 105 brightest bright JJS 40119 446 106 constituents constituent NNS 40119 446 107 of of IN 40119 446 108 the the DT 40119 446 109 light light NN 40119 446 110 -- -- : 40119 446 111 namely namely RB 40119 446 112 , , , 40119 446 113 the the DT 40119 446 114 yellow yellow JJ 40119 446 115 and and CC 40119 446 116 green green JJ 40119 446 117 -- -- : 40119 446 118 are be VBP 40119 446 119 approximately approximately RB 40119 446 120 focussed focusse VBN 40119 446 121 , , , 40119 446 122 the the DT 40119 446 123 coloured coloured JJ 40119 446 124 border border NN 40119 446 125 is be VBZ 40119 446 126 least least RBS 40119 446 127 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 446 128 , , , 40119 446 129 and and CC 40119 446 130 is be VBZ 40119 446 131 of of IN 40119 446 132 a a DT 40119 446 133 purple purple JJ 40119 446 134 tint tint NN 40119 446 135 , , , 40119 446 136 due due IN 40119 446 137 to to IN 40119 446 138 the the DT 40119 446 139 mixture mixture NN 40119 446 140 of of IN 40119 446 141 the the DT 40119 446 142 red red JJ 40119 446 143 and and CC 40119 446 144 violet violet NN 40119 446 145 rays ray NNS 40119 446 146 . . . 40119 447 1 For for IN 40119 447 2 these these DT 40119 447 3 reasons reason NNS 40119 447 4 a a DT 40119 447 5 single single JJ 40119 447 6 glass glass NN 40119 447 7 lens lens NN 40119 447 8 can can MD 40119 447 9 not not RB 40119 447 10 , , , 40119 447 11 except except IN 40119 447 12 with with IN 40119 447 13 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 40119 447 14 light light NN 40119 447 15 , , , 40119 447 16 be be VB 40119 447 17 made make VBN 40119 447 18 to to TO 40119 447 19 give give VB 40119 447 20 a a DT 40119 447 21 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 447 22 distinct distinct JJ 40119 447 23 image image NN 40119 447 24 of of IN 40119 447 25 a a DT 40119 447 26 luminous luminous JJ 40119 447 27 point point NN 40119 447 28 , , , 40119 447 29 nor nor CC 40119 447 30 of of IN 40119 447 31 an an DT 40119 447 32 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 447 33 object object NN 40119 447 34 , , , 40119 447 35 the the DT 40119 447 36 surface surface NN 40119 447 37 of of IN 40119 447 38 which which WDT 40119 447 39 may may MD 40119 447 40 be be VB 40119 447 41 regarded regard VBN 40119 447 42 as as IN 40119 447 43 an an DT 40119 447 44 assemblage assemblage NN 40119 447 45 of of IN 40119 447 46 points point NNS 40119 447 47 . . . 40119 448 1 Such such PDT 40119 448 2 a a DT 40119 448 3 lens lens NN 40119 448 4 , , , 40119 448 5 therefore therefore RB 40119 448 6 , , , 40119 448 7 is be VBZ 40119 448 8 never never RB 40119 448 9 employed employ VBN 40119 448 10 when when WRB 40119 448 11 good good JJ 40119 448 12 definition definition NN 40119 448 13 is be VBZ 40119 448 14 required require VBN 40119 448 15 . . . 40119 449 1 The the DT 40119 449 2 confusion confusion NN 40119 449 3 resulting result VBG 40119 449 4 from from IN 40119 449 5 the the DT 40119 449 6 unequal unequal JJ 40119 449 7 refrangibility refrangibility NN 40119 449 8 of of IN 40119 449 9 the the DT 40119 449 10 differently differently RB 40119 449 11 coloured coloured JJ 40119 449 12 rays ray NNS 40119 449 13 is be VBZ 40119 449 14 said say VBN 40119 449 15 to to TO 40119 449 16 be be VB 40119 449 17 due due IN 40119 449 18 to to IN 40119 449 19 the the DT 40119 449 20 chromatic chromatic JJ 40119 449 21 aberration aberration NN 40119 449 22 of of IN 40119 449 23 the the DT 40119 449 24 lens lens NN 40119 449 25 . . . 40119 450 1 In in IN 40119 450 2 connection connection NN 40119 450 3 with with IN 40119 450 4 this this DT 40119 450 5 matter matter NN 40119 450 6 , , , 40119 450 7 the the DT 40119 450 8 history history NN 40119 450 9 of of IN 40119 450 10 physical physical JJ 40119 450 11 optics optic NNS 40119 450 12 contains contain VBZ 40119 450 13 an an DT 40119 450 14 interesting interesting JJ 40119 450 15 little little JJ 40119 450 16 episode episode NN 40119 450 17 . . . 40119 451 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 451 2 occurred occur VBD 40119 451 3 to to IN 40119 451 4 Sir Sir NNP 40119 451 5 Isaac Isaac NNP 40119 451 6 Newton Newton NNP 40119 451 7 that that IN 40119 451 8 although although IN 40119 451 9 a a DT 40119 451 10 single single JJ 40119 451 11 lens lens NN 40119 451 12 could could MD 40119 451 13 never never RB 40119 451 14 be be VB 40119 451 15 free free JJ 40119 451 16 from from IN 40119 451 17 chromatic chromatic JJ 40119 451 18 aberration aberration NN 40119 451 19 , , , 40119 451 20 yet yet CC 40119 451 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 451 22 might may MD 40119 451 23 be be VB 40119 451 24 possible possible JJ 40119 451 25 to to TO 40119 451 26 arrange arrange VB 40119 451 27 a a DT 40119 451 28 so so RB 40119 451 29 - - HYPH 40119 451 30 called call VBN 40119 451 31 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 451 32 combination combination NN 40119 451 33 of of IN 40119 451 34 lenses lense NNS 40119 451 35 in in IN 40119 451 36 such such PDT 40119 451 37 a a DT 40119 451 38 manner manner NN 40119 451 39 as as IN 40119 451 40 to to TO 40119 451 41 overcome overcome VB 40119 451 42 the the DT 40119 451 43 defect defect NN 40119 451 44 and and CC 40119 451 45 bring bring VB 40119 451 46 all all PDT 40119 451 47 the the DT 40119 451 48 rays ray NNS 40119 451 49 issuing issue VBG 40119 451 50 from from IN 40119 451 51 a a DT 40119 451 52 point point NN 40119 451 53 , , , 40119 451 54 whatever whatever WDT 40119 451 55 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 451 56 refrangibility refrangibility NN 40119 451 57 , , , 40119 451 58 to to IN 40119 451 59 one one CD 40119 451 60 focus focus NN 40119 451 61 . . . 40119 452 1 Experiments experiment NNS 40119 452 2 which which WDT 40119 452 3 he -PRON- PRP 40119 452 4 undertook undertake VBD 40119 452 5 for for IN 40119 452 6 the the DT 40119 452 7 purpose purpose NN 40119 452 8 of of IN 40119 452 9 testing test VBG 40119 452 10 the the DT 40119 452 11 matter matter NN 40119 452 12 led lead VBD 40119 452 13 him -PRON- PRP 40119 452 14 to to TO 40119 452 15 form form VB 40119 452 16 the the DT 40119 452 17 conclusion conclusion NN 40119 452 18 that that IN 40119 452 19 such such PDT 40119 452 20 a a DT 40119 452 21 result result NN 40119 452 22 could could MD 40119 452 23 never never RB 40119 452 24 be be VB 40119 452 25 attained attain VBN 40119 452 26 , , , 40119 452 27 the the DT 40119 452 28 amount amount NN 40119 452 29 of of IN 40119 452 30 colour colour NN 40119 452 31 dispersion dispersion NN 40119 452 32 in in IN 40119 452 33 all all DT 40119 452 34 substances substance NNS 40119 452 35 being be VBG 40119 452 36 , , , 40119 452 37 as as IN 40119 452 38 he -PRON- PRP 40119 452 39 stated state VBD 40119 452 40 , , , 40119 452 41 always always RB 40119 452 42 exactly exactly RB 40119 452 43 proportional proportional JJ 40119 452 44 to to IN 40119 452 45 that that DT 40119 452 46 of of IN 40119 452 47 refraction refraction NN 40119 452 48 . . . 40119 453 1 For for IN 40119 453 2 this this DT 40119 453 3 reason reason NN 40119 453 4 he -PRON- PRP 40119 453 5 confidently confidently RB 40119 453 6 announced announce VBD 40119 453 7 that that IN 40119 453 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 453 9 was be VBD 40119 453 10 useless useless JJ 40119 453 11 to to TO 40119 453 12 attempt attempt VB 40119 453 13 the the DT 40119 453 14 construction construction NN 40119 453 15 of of IN 40119 453 16 a a DT 40119 453 17 really really RB 40119 453 18 good good JJ 40119 453 19 refracting refracting NN 40119 453 20 telescope telescope NN 40119 453 21 , , , 40119 453 22 and and CC 40119 453 23 so so RB 40119 453 24 great great JJ 40119 453 25 was be VBD 40119 453 26 the the DT 40119 453 27 authority authority NN 40119 453 28 attaching attach VBG 40119 453 29 to to IN 40119 453 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 453 31 name name NN 40119 453 32 that that IN 40119 453 33 for for IN 40119 453 34 many many JJ 40119 453 35 years year NNS 40119 453 36 all all DT 40119 453 37 efforts effort NNS 40119 453 38 in in IN 40119 453 39 that that DT 40119 453 40 direction direction NN 40119 453 41 were be VBD 40119 453 42 abandoned abandon VBN 40119 453 43 . . . 40119 454 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 40119 454 2 from from IN 40119 454 3 time time NN 40119 454 4 to to IN 40119 454 5 time time NN 40119 454 6 certain certain JJ 40119 454 7 philosophers philosopher NNS 40119 454 8 ventured venture VBD 40119 454 9 to to TO 40119 454 10 surmise surmise VB 40119 454 11 that that IN 40119 454 12 Newton Newton NNP 40119 454 13 might may MD 40119 454 14 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 454 15 have have VB 40119 454 16 been be VBN 40119 454 17 mistaken mistaken JJ 40119 454 18 , , , 40119 454 19 and and CC 40119 454 20 the the DT 40119 454 21 curious curious JJ 40119 454 22 thing thing NN 40119 454 23 is be VBZ 40119 454 24 that that IN 40119 454 25 they -PRON- PRP 40119 454 26 all all DT 40119 454 27 based base VBD 40119 454 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 454 29 scepticism scepticism NN 40119 454 30 upon upon IN 40119 454 31 what what WP 40119 454 32 they -PRON- PRP 40119 454 33 considered consider VBD 40119 454 34 the the DT 40119 454 35 self self NN 40119 454 36 - - HYPH 40119 454 37 evident evident JJ 40119 454 38 fact fact NN 40119 454 39 of of IN 40119 454 40 the the DT 40119 454 41 achromatism achromatism NN 40119 454 42 of of IN 40119 454 43 the the DT 40119 454 44 eye eye NN 40119 454 45 . . . 40119 455 1 The the DT 40119 455 2 system system NN 40119 455 3 of of IN 40119 455 4 lenses lense NNS 40119 455 5 in in IN 40119 455 6 the the DT 40119 455 7 eye eye NN 40119 455 8 , , , 40119 455 9 they -PRON- PRP 40119 455 10 argued argue VBD 40119 455 11 , , , 40119 455 12 being be VBG 40119 455 13 unquestionably unquestionably RB 40119 455 14 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 455 15 , , , 40119 455 16 why why WRB 40119 455 17 should should MD 40119 455 18 not not RB 40119 455 19 an an DT 40119 455 20 equally equally RB 40119 455 21 effective effective JJ 40119 455 22 combination combination NN 40119 455 23 be be VB 40119 455 24 constructed construct VBN 40119 455 25 artificially artificially RB 40119 455 26 ? ? . 40119 456 1 At at IN 40119 456 2 length length NN 40119 456 3 , , , 40119 456 4 more more JJR 40119 456 5 than than IN 40119 456 6 eighty eighty CD 40119 456 7 years year NNS 40119 456 8 after after IN 40119 456 9 Newton Newton NNP 40119 456 10 had have VBD 40119 456 11 made make VBN 40119 456 12 and and CC 40119 456 13 published publish VBN 40119 456 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 456 15 fundamental fundamental JJ 40119 456 16 experiments experiment NNS 40119 456 17 , , , 40119 456 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 456 19 occurred occur VBD 40119 456 20 to to IN 40119 456 21 a a DT 40119 456 22 working work VBG 40119 456 23 optician optician NN 40119 456 24 , , , 40119 456 25 John John NNP 40119 456 26 Dollond Dollond NNP 40119 456 27 , , , 40119 456 28 that that IN 40119 456 29 it -PRON- PRP 40119 456 30 might may MD 40119 456 31 be be VB 40119 456 32 worth worth JJ 40119 456 33 while while IN 40119 456 34 to to TO 40119 456 35 repeat repeat VB 40119 456 36 them -PRON- PRP 40119 456 37 , , , 40119 456 38 and and CC 40119 456 39 upon upon IN 40119 456 40 doing do VBG 40119 456 41 so so RB 40119 456 42 he -PRON- PRP 40119 456 43 at at IN 40119 456 44 once once RB 40119 456 45 found find VBD 40119 456 46 that that IN 40119 456 47 Newton Newton NNP 40119 456 48 was be VBD 40119 456 49 wrong wrong JJ 40119 456 50 in in IN 40119 456 51 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 456 52 facts fact NNS 40119 456 53 , , , 40119 456 54 the the DT 40119 456 55 results result NNS 40119 456 56 as as IN 40119 456 57 recorded record VBN 40119 456 58 by by IN 40119 456 59 him -PRON- PRP 40119 456 60 being be VBG 40119 456 61 in in IN 40119 456 62 direct direct JJ 40119 456 63 opposition opposition NN 40119 456 64 to to IN 40119 456 65 the the DT 40119 456 66 truth truth NN 40119 456 67 . . . 40119 457 1 With with IN 40119 457 2 proper proper JJ 40119 457 3 respect respect NN 40119 457 4 for for IN 40119 457 5 the the DT 40119 457 6 memory memory NN 40119 457 7 of of IN 40119 457 8 a a DT 40119 457 9 great great JJ 40119 457 10 man man NN 40119 457 11 it -PRON- PRP 40119 457 12 is be VBZ 40119 457 13 usual usual JJ 40119 457 14 to to TO 40119 457 15 speak speak VB 40119 457 16 of of IN 40119 457 17 Newton Newton NNP 40119 457 18 's 's POS 40119 457 19 observation observation NN 40119 457 20 as as IN 40119 457 21 a a DT 40119 457 22 " " `` 40119 457 23 hasty hasty JJ 40119 457 24 " " '' 40119 457 25 one one CD 40119 457 26 , , , 40119 457 27 but but CC 40119 457 28 if if IN 40119 457 29 in in IN 40119 457 30 these these DT 40119 457 31 days day NNS 40119 457 32 a a DT 40119 457 33 junior junior JJ 40119 457 34 science science NN 40119 457 35 student student NN 40119 457 36 were be VBD 40119 457 37 to to TO 40119 457 38 be be VB 40119 457 39 guilty guilty JJ 40119 457 40 of of IN 40119 457 41 a a DT 40119 457 42 similar similar JJ 40119 457 43 lapse lapse NN 40119 457 44 , , , 40119 457 45 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 457 46 conduct conduct NN 40119 457 47 would would MD 40119 457 48 not not RB 40119 457 49 impossibly impossibly RB 40119 457 50 be be VB 40119 457 51 stigmatised stigmatise VBN 40119 457 52 as as IN 40119 457 53 grossly grossly RB 40119 457 54 careless careless JJ 40119 457 55 . . . 40119 458 1 Having have VBG 40119 458 2 established establish VBN 40119 458 3 Newton Newton NNP 40119 458 4 's 's POS 40119 458 5 error error NN 40119 458 6 , , , 40119 458 7 Dollond Dollond NNP 40119 458 8 found find VBD 40119 458 9 little little JJ 40119 458 10 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 458 11 in in IN 40119 458 12 constructing construct VBG 40119 458 13 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 458 14 lenses lense NNS 40119 458 15 of of IN 40119 458 16 very very RB 40119 458 17 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 40119 458 18 quality quality NN 40119 458 19 ; ; : 40119 458 20 telescopes telescope NNS 40119 458 21 of of IN 40119 458 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 458 23 manufacture manufacture NN 40119 458 24 long long RB 40119 458 25 enjoyed enjoy VBD 40119 458 26 the the DT 40119 458 27 highest high JJS 40119 458 28 reputation reputation NN 40119 458 29 , , , 40119 458 30 and and CC 40119 458 31 the the DT 40119 458 32 best good JJS 40119 458 33 optical optical JJ 40119 458 34 instruments instrument NNS 40119 458 35 of of IN 40119 458 36 the the DT 40119 458 37 present present JJ 40119 458 38 day day NN 40119 458 39 are be VBP 40119 458 40 the the DT 40119 458 41 direct direct JJ 40119 458 42 offspring offspring NN 40119 458 43 of of IN 40119 458 44 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 458 45 invention invention NN 40119 458 46 . . . 40119 459 1 Those those DT 40119 459 2 who who WP 40119 459 3 entertained entertain VBD 40119 459 4 the the DT 40119 459 5 opinion opinion NN 40119 459 6 that that IN 40119 459 7 Newton Newton NNP 40119 459 8 's 's POS 40119 459 9 conclusion conclusion NN 40119 459 10 was be VBD 40119 459 11 erroneous erroneous JJ 40119 459 12 were be VBD 40119 459 13 therefore therefore RB 40119 459 14 in in IN 40119 459 15 the the DT 40119 459 16 right right NN 40119 459 17 , , , 40119 459 18 but but CC 40119 459 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 459 20 is be VBZ 40119 459 21 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 459 22 that that IN 40119 459 23 the the DT 40119 459 24 reason reason NN 40119 459 25 upon upon IN 40119 459 26 which which WDT 40119 459 27 that that DT 40119 459 28 opinion opinion NN 40119 459 29 rested rest VBD 40119 459 30 was be VBD 40119 459 31 altogether altogether RB 40119 459 32 invalid invalid JJ 40119 459 33 , , , 40119 459 34 for for IN 40119 459 35 , , , 40119 459 36 as as IN 40119 459 37 I -PRON- PRP 40119 459 38 have have VBP 40119 459 39 said say VBD 40119 459 40 , , , 40119 459 41 the the DT 40119 459 42 lenses lense NNS 40119 459 43 of of IN 40119 459 44 the the DT 40119 459 45 eye eye NN 40119 459 46 are be VBP 40119 459 47 by by IN 40119 459 48 no no DT 40119 459 49 means means NN 40119 459 50 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 459 51 . . . 40119 460 1 Of of IN 40119 460 2 the the DT 40119 460 3 many many JJ 40119 460 4 ways way NNS 40119 460 5 in in IN 40119 460 6 which which WDT 40119 460 7 this this DT 40119 460 8 can can MD 40119 460 9 be be VB 40119 460 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 460 11 , , , 40119 460 12 the the DT 40119 460 13 following follow VBG 40119 460 14 is be VBZ 40119 460 15 one one CD 40119 460 16 of of IN 40119 460 17 the the DT 40119 460 18 most most RBS 40119 460 19 impressive impressive JJ 40119 460 20 . . . 40119 461 1 Let let VB 40119 461 2 a a DT 40119 461 3 long long JJ 40119 461 4 and and CC 40119 461 5 narrow narrow JJ 40119 461 6 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 461 7 of of IN 40119 461 8 the the DT 40119 461 9 electric electric JJ 40119 461 10 light light NN 40119 461 11 be be VB 40119 461 12 projected project VBN 40119 461 13 upon upon IN 40119 461 14 a a DT 40119 461 15 white white JJ 40119 461 16 screen screen NN 40119 461 17 , , , 40119 461 18 the the DT 40119 461 19 prisms prism NNS 40119 461 20 and and CC 40119 461 21 lenses lense NNS 40119 461 22 being be VBG 40119 461 23 carefully carefully RB 40119 461 24 arranged arrange VBN 40119 461 25 in in IN 40119 461 26 such such PDT 40119 461 27 a a DT 40119 461 28 manner manner NN 40119 461 29 as as IN 40119 461 30 to to TO 40119 461 31 ensure ensure VB 40119 461 32 that that IN 40119 461 33 the the DT 40119 461 34 upper upper JJ 40119 461 35 and and CC 40119 461 36 lower low JJR 40119 461 37 edges edge NNS 40119 461 38 of of IN 40119 461 39 the the DT 40119 461 40 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 461 41 are be VBP 40119 461 42 clearly clearly RB 40119 461 43 defined define VBN 40119 461 44 and and CC 40119 461 45 strictly strictly RB 40119 461 46 parallel parallel JJ 40119 461 47 . . . 40119 462 1 To to IN 40119 462 2 an an DT 40119 462 3 observer observer NN 40119 462 4 standing stand VBG 40119 462 5 close close RB 40119 462 6 to to IN 40119 462 7 the the DT 40119 462 8 screen screen NN 40119 462 9 , , , 40119 462 10 the the DT 40119 462 11 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 462 12 will will MD 40119 462 13 present present VB 40119 462 14 the the DT 40119 462 15 appearance appearance NN 40119 462 16 of of IN 40119 462 17 a a DT 40119 462 18 bright bright JJ 40119 462 19 parti parti NN 40119 462 20 - - HYPH 40119 462 21 coloured colour VBN 40119 462 22 rectangle rectangle NN 40119 462 23 . . . 40119 463 1 But but CC 40119 463 2 viewed view VBN 40119 463 3 from from IN 40119 463 4 a a DT 40119 463 5 distance distance NN 40119 463 6 of of IN 40119 463 7 a a DT 40119 463 8 few few JJ 40119 463 9 feet foot NNS 40119 463 10 the the DT 40119 463 11 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 463 12 will will MD 40119 463 13 not not RB 40119 463 14 seem seem VB 40119 463 15 to to TO 40119 463 16 be be VB 40119 463 17 rectangular rectangular JJ 40119 463 18 , , , 40119 463 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 463 20 upper upper JJ 40119 463 21 and and CC 40119 463 22 lower low JJR 40119 463 23 edges edge NNS 40119 463 24 no no RB 40119 463 25 longer long RBR 40119 463 26 appearing appear VBG 40119 463 27 to to TO 40119 463 28 be be VB 40119 463 29 parallel parallel JJ 40119 463 30 , , , 40119 463 31 but but CC 40119 463 32 to to TO 40119 463 33 diverge diverge VB 40119 463 34 , , , 40119 463 35 fan fan NN 40119 463 36 - - HYPH 40119 463 37 like like JJ 40119 463 38 , , , 40119 463 39 towards towards IN 40119 463 40 the the DT 40119 463 41 blue blue JJ 40119 463 42 and and CC 40119 463 43 violet violet NN 40119 463 44 , , , 40119 463 45 as as IN 40119 463 46 shown show VBN 40119 463 47 in in IN 40119 463 48 Fig Fig NNP 40119 463 49 . . . 40119 464 1 13 13 CD 40119 464 2 . . . 40119 465 1 This this DT 40119 465 2 is be VBZ 40119 465 3 because because IN 40119 465 4 the the DT 40119 465 5 violet violet NN 40119 465 6 and and CC 40119 465 7 some some DT 40119 465 8 of of IN 40119 465 9 the the DT 40119 465 10 blue blue JJ 40119 465 11 rays ray NNS 40119 465 12 proceeding proceed VBG 40119 465 13 from from IN 40119 465 14 an an DT 40119 465 15 object object NN 40119 465 16 at at IN 40119 465 17 a a DT 40119 465 18 little little JJ 40119 465 19 distance distance NN 40119 465 20 can can MD 40119 465 21 not not RB 40119 465 22 by by IN 40119 465 23 any any DT 40119 465 24 effort effort NN 40119 465 25 be be VB 40119 465 26 focussed focusse VBN 40119 465 27 upon upon IN 40119 465 28 the the DT 40119 465 29 retina retina NNP 40119 465 30 . . . 40119 466 1 They -PRON- PRP 40119 466 2 are be VBP 40119 466 3 too too RB 40119 466 4 much much RB 40119 466 5 refracted refract VBN 40119 466 6 , , , 40119 466 7 and and CC 40119 466 8 the the DT 40119 466 9 mechanism mechanism NN 40119 466 10 by by IN 40119 466 11 which which WDT 40119 466 12 the the DT 40119 466 13 eye eye NN 40119 466 14 is be VBZ 40119 466 15 adjusted adjust VBN 40119 466 16 is be VBZ 40119 466 17 incompetent incompetent JJ 40119 466 18 to to TO 40119 466 19 diminish diminish VB 40119 466 20 the the DT 40119 466 21 convexity convexity NN 40119 466 22 of of IN 40119 466 23 the the DT 40119 466 24 lenses lense NNS 40119 466 25 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 466 26 to to TO 40119 466 27 enable enable VB 40119 466 28 them -PRON- PRP 40119 466 29 to to TO 40119 466 30 project project VB 40119 466 31 a a DT 40119 466 32 clear clear JJ 40119 466 33 image image NN 40119 466 34 . . . 40119 467 1 Every every DT 40119 467 2 point point NN 40119 467 3 is be VBZ 40119 467 4 expanded expand VBN 40119 467 5 into into IN 40119 467 6 a a DT 40119 467 7 luminous luminous JJ 40119 467 8 circle circle NN 40119 467 9 , , , 40119 467 10 which which WDT 40119 467 11 is be VBZ 40119 467 12 the the DT 40119 467 13 larger large JJR 40119 467 14 the the DT 40119 467 15 more more RBR 40119 467 16 refrangible refrangible JJ 40119 467 17 the the DT 40119 467 18 rays ray NNS 40119 467 19 , , , 40119 467 20 and and CC 40119 467 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 467 22 is be VBZ 40119 467 23 the the DT 40119 467 24 extension extension NN 40119 467 25 of of IN 40119 467 26 these these DT 40119 467 27 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 467 28 circles circle NNS 40119 467 29 beyond beyond IN 40119 467 30 the the DT 40119 467 31 proper proper JJ 40119 467 32 boundaries boundary NNS 40119 467 33 of of IN 40119 467 34 the the DT 40119 467 35 image image NN 40119 467 36 that that WDT 40119 467 37 gives give VBZ 40119 467 38 the the DT 40119 467 39 appearance appearance NN 40119 467 40 of of IN 40119 467 41 increased increase VBN 40119 467 42 breadth breadth NN 40119 467 43 . . . 40119 468 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 468 2 is be VBZ 40119 468 3 a a DT 40119 468 4 simple simple JJ 40119 468 5 matter matter NN 40119 468 6 to to TO 40119 468 7 counteract counteract VB 40119 468 8 the the DT 40119 468 9 effects effect NNS 40119 468 10 of of IN 40119 468 11 undue undue JJ 40119 468 12 convexity convexity NN 40119 468 13 by by IN 40119 468 14 means mean NNS 40119 468 15 of of IN 40119 468 16 a a DT 40119 468 17 concave concave NNP 40119 468 18 lens lens NN 40119 468 19 . . . 40119 469 1 If if IN 40119 469 2 a a DT 40119 469 3 normal normal JJ 40119 469 4 - - HYPH 40119 469 5 eyed eyed JJ 40119 469 6 person person NN 40119 469 7 , , , 40119 469 8 to to TO 40119 469 9 whom whom WP 40119 469 10 the the DT 40119 469 11 violet violet NN 40119 469 12 end end NN 40119 469 13 of of IN 40119 469 14 the the DT 40119 469 15 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 469 16 when when WRB 40119 469 17 seen see VBN 40119 469 18 from from IN 40119 469 19 a a DT 40119 469 20 distance distance NN 40119 469 21 appears appear VBZ 40119 469 22 blurred blur VBN 40119 469 23 and and CC 40119 469 24 widened widen VBN 40119 469 25 , , , 40119 469 26 will will MD 40119 469 27 look look VB 40119 469 28 at at IN 40119 469 29 it -PRON- PRP 40119 469 30 through through IN 40119 469 31 suitable suitable JJ 40119 469 32 glasses glass NNS 40119 469 33 adapted adapt VBN 40119 469 34 for for IN 40119 469 35 short short JJ 40119 469 36 sight sight NN 40119 469 37 , , , 40119 469 38 he -PRON- PRP 40119 469 39 will will MD 40119 469 40 at at IN 40119 469 41 once once RB 40119 469 42 see see VB 40119 469 43 it -PRON- PRP 40119 469 44 clearly clearly RB 40119 469 45 defined define VBN 40119 469 46 and and CC 40119 469 47 of of IN 40119 469 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 469 49 proper proper JJ 40119 469 50 width width NN 40119 469 51 . . . 40119 470 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 470 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 470 3 : : : 40119 470 4 _ _ NNP 40119 470 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 470 6 . . . 40119 471 1 13.--Narrow 13.--narrow CD 40119 471 2 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 471 3 as as IN 40119 471 4 seen see VBN 40119 471 5 from from IN 40119 471 6 a a DT 40119 471 7 distance distance NN 40119 471 8 . . . 40119 471 9 _ _ NNP 40119 471 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 471 11 Let let VB 40119 471 12 a a DT 40119 471 13 rectangular rectangular JJ 40119 471 14 patch patch NN 40119 471 15 of of IN 40119 471 16 white white JJ 40119 471 17 light light NN 40119 471 18 having have VBG 40119 471 19 about about IN 40119 471 20 the the DT 40119 471 21 same same JJ 40119 471 22 dimensions dimension NNS 40119 471 23 as as IN 40119 471 24 the the DT 40119 471 25 rectangular rectangular JJ 40119 471 26 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 471 27 be be VB 40119 471 28 now now RB 40119 471 29 thrown throw VBN 40119 471 30 upon upon IN 40119 471 31 the the DT 40119 471 32 screen screen NN 40119 471 33 . . . 40119 472 1 The the DT 40119 472 2 light light NN 40119 472 3 reflected reflect VBD 40119 472 4 from from IN 40119 472 5 the the DT 40119 472 6 patch patch NN 40119 472 7 will will MD 40119 472 8 contain contain VB 40119 472 9 , , , 40119 472 10 as as IN 40119 472 11 before before RB 40119 472 12 , , , 40119 472 13 all all PDT 40119 472 14 the the DT 40119 472 15 various various JJ 40119 472 16 spectral spectral JJ 40119 472 17 colours colour NNS 40119 472 18 , , , 40119 472 19 but but CC 40119 472 20 they -PRON- PRP 40119 472 21 will will MD 40119 472 22 be be VB 40119 472 23 mixed mix VBN 40119 472 24 or or CC 40119 472 25 superposed superpose VBN 40119 472 26 , , , 40119 472 27 instead instead RB 40119 472 28 of of IN 40119 472 29 being be VBG 40119 472 30 spread spread VBN 40119 472 31 out out RP 40119 472 32 side side NN 40119 472 33 by by IN 40119 472 34 side side NN 40119 472 35 . . . 40119 473 1 The the DT 40119 473 2 patch patch NN 40119 473 3 will will MD 40119 473 4 send send VB 40119 473 5 forth forth RB 40119 473 6 , , , 40119 473 7 among among IN 40119 473 8 others other NNS 40119 473 9 , , , 40119 473 10 can can MD 40119 473 11 yellow yellow VB 40119 473 12 and and CC 40119 473 13 green green JJ 40119 473 14 rays ray NNS 40119 473 15 , , , 40119 473 16 which which WDT 40119 473 17 the the DT 40119 473 18 eye eye NN 40119 473 19 easily easily RB 40119 473 20 focus focus VBP 40119 473 21 ; ; : 40119 473 22 it -PRON- PRP 40119 473 23 will will MD 40119 473 24 also also RB 40119 473 25 send send VB 40119 473 26 out out RP 40119 473 27 violet violet NN 40119 473 28 rays ray NNS 40119 473 29 , , , 40119 473 30 which which WDT 40119 473 31 , , , 40119 473 32 as as IN 40119 473 33 we -PRON- PRP 40119 473 34 have have VBP 40119 473 35 shown show VBN 40119 473 36 , , , 40119 473 37 can can MD 40119 473 38 not not RB 40119 473 39 be be VB 40119 473 40 focussed focusse VBN 40119 473 41 by by IN 40119 473 42 the the DT 40119 473 43 unassisted unassisted JJ 40119 473 44 eye eye NN 40119 473 45 . . . 40119 474 1 Owing owe VBG 40119 474 2 to to IN 40119 474 3 the the DT 40119 474 4 existence existence NN 40119 474 5 of of IN 40119 474 6 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 474 7 circles circle NNS 40119 474 8 there there EX 40119 474 9 must must MD 40119 474 10 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 474 11 be be VB 40119 474 12 formed form VBN 40119 474 13 upon upon IN 40119 474 14 the the DT 40119 474 15 retina retina NNP 40119 474 16 a a DT 40119 474 17 violet violet NN 40119 474 18 image image NN 40119 474 19 larger large JJR 40119 474 20 than than IN 40119 474 21 the the DT 40119 474 22 approximately approximately RB 40119 474 23 superposed superpose VBN 40119 474 24 images image NNS 40119 474 25 due due JJ 40119 474 26 to to IN 40119 474 27 rays ray NNS 40119 474 28 of of IN 40119 474 29 brighter bright JJR 40119 474 30 colours colour NNS 40119 474 31 . . . 40119 475 1 Viewed view VBN 40119 475 2 from from IN 40119 475 3 a a DT 40119 475 4 distance distance NN 40119 475 5 therefore therefore RB 40119 475 6 the the DT 40119 475 7 white white JJ 40119 475 8 patch patch NN 40119 475 9 might may MD 40119 475 10 be be VB 40119 475 11 expected expect VBN 40119 475 12 to to TO 40119 475 13 exhibit exhibit VB 40119 475 14 a a DT 40119 475 15 violet violet NN 40119 475 16 border border NN 40119 475 17 . . . 40119 476 1 Yet yet CC 40119 476 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 476 3 may may MD 40119 476 4 be be VB 40119 476 5 confidently confidently RB 40119 476 6 asserted assert VBN 40119 476 7 that that IN 40119 476 8 the the DT 40119 476 9 observer observer NN 40119 476 10 will will MD 40119 476 11 not not RB 40119 476 12 be be VB 40119 476 13 conscious conscious JJ 40119 476 14 of of IN 40119 476 15 seeing see VBG 40119 476 16 any any DT 40119 476 17 such such JJ 40119 476 18 border border NN 40119 476 19 , , , 40119 476 20 for for IN 40119 476 21 though though IN 40119 476 22 one one CD 40119 476 23 actually actually RB 40119 476 24 exists exist VBZ 40119 476 25 , , , 40119 476 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 476 27 is be VBZ 40119 476 28 possessed possess VBN 40119 476 29 of of IN 40119 476 30 such such PDT 40119 476 31 comparatively comparatively RB 40119 476 32 feeble feeble JJ 40119 476 33 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 476 34 that that IN 40119 476 35 it -PRON- PRP 40119 476 36 is be VBZ 40119 476 37 lost lose VBN 40119 476 38 in in IN 40119 476 39 the the DT 40119 476 40 glare glare NN 40119 476 41 produced produce VBN 40119 476 42 by by IN 40119 476 43 the the DT 40119 476 44 brighter bright JJR 40119 476 45 rays ray NNS 40119 476 46 . . . 40119 477 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 477 2 is be VBZ 40119 477 3 , , , 40119 477 4 however however RB 40119 477 5 , , , 40119 477 6 possible possible JJ 40119 477 7 to to TO 40119 477 8 cut cut VB 40119 477 9 off off RP 40119 477 10 these these DT 40119 477 11 brighter bright JJR 40119 477 12 rays ray NNS 40119 477 13 by by IN 40119 477 14 interposing interpose VBG 40119 477 15 between between IN 40119 477 16 the the DT 40119 477 17 projection projection NN 40119 477 18 lantern lantern NN 40119 477 19 and and CC 40119 477 20 the the DT 40119 477 21 screen screen NN 40119 477 22 a a DT 40119 477 23 combination combination NN 40119 477 24 of of IN 40119 477 25 glasses glass NNS 40119 477 26 which which WDT 40119 477 27 has have VBZ 40119 477 28 been be VBN 40119 477 29 found find VBN 40119 477 30 by by IN 40119 477 31 trial trial NN 40119 477 32 with with IN 40119 477 33 a a DT 40119 477 34 spectroscope spectroscope NN 40119 477 35 to to TO 40119 477 36 transmit transmit VB 40119 477 37 only only JJ 40119 477 38 dark dark JJ 40119 477 39 blue blue NN 40119 477 40 and and CC 40119 477 41 violet violet NN 40119 477 42 light light NN 40119 477 43 . . . 40119 478 1 The the DT 40119 478 2 rectangle rectangle NN 40119 478 3 will will MD 40119 478 4 then then RB 40119 478 5 be be VB 40119 478 6 of of IN 40119 478 7 a a DT 40119 478 8 blue blue JJ 40119 478 9 - - HYPH 40119 478 10 violet violet NN 40119 478 11 colour colour NN 40119 478 12 , , , 40119 478 13 and and CC 40119 478 14 when when WRB 40119 478 15 looked look VBD 40119 478 16 at at IN 40119 478 17 closely closely RB 40119 478 18 , , , 40119 478 19 will will MD 40119 478 20 still still RB 40119 478 21 be be VB 40119 478 22 quite quite RB 40119 478 23 clear clear JJ 40119 478 24 and and CC 40119 478 25 sharply sharply RB 40119 478 26 defined define VBN 40119 478 27 , , , 40119 478 28 but but CC 40119 478 29 viewed view VBD 40119 478 30 from from IN 40119 478 31 a a DT 40119 478 32 little little JJ 40119 478 33 distance distance NN 40119 478 34 it -PRON- PRP 40119 478 35 will will MD 40119 478 36 appear appear VB 40119 478 37 blurred blur VBN 40119 478 38 and and CC 40119 478 39 of of IN 40119 478 40 an an DT 40119 478 41 exaggerated exaggerated JJ 40119 478 42 size size NN 40119 478 43 . . . 40119 479 1 Another another DT 40119 479 2 and and CC 40119 479 3 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 479 4 even even RB 40119 479 5 better well JJR 40119 479 6 way way NN 40119 479 7 of of IN 40119 479 8 demonstrating demonstrate VBG 40119 479 9 this this DT 40119 479 10 last last JJ 40119 479 11 effect effect NN 40119 479 12 is be VBZ 40119 479 13 to to TO 40119 479 14 enclose enclose VB 40119 479 15 the the DT 40119 479 16 source source NN 40119 479 17 of of IN 40119 479 18 light light NN 40119 479 19 ( ( -LRB- 40119 479 20 which which WDT 40119 479 21 should should MD 40119 479 22 be be VB 40119 479 23 a a DT 40119 479 24 powerful powerful JJ 40119 479 25 one one NN 40119 479 26 , , , 40119 479 27 such such JJ 40119 479 28 as as IN 40119 479 29 an an DT 40119 479 30 arc arc NNP 40119 479 31 lamp lamp NN 40119 479 32 or or CC 40119 479 33 limelight limelight NN 40119 479 34 ) ) -RRB- 40119 479 35 inside inside IN 40119 479 36 a a DT 40119 479 37 box box NN 40119 479 38 having have VBG 40119 479 39 a a DT 40119 479 40 ground ground NN 40119 479 41 - - HYPH 40119 479 42 glass glass NN 40119 479 43 window window NN 40119 479 44 in in IN 40119 479 45 one one CD 40119 479 46 side side NN 40119 479 47 . . . 40119 480 1 When when WRB 40119 480 2 the the DT 40119 480 3 window window NN 40119 480 4 is be VBZ 40119 480 5 covered cover VBN 40119 480 6 by by IN 40119 480 7 the the DT 40119 480 8 coloured coloured JJ 40119 480 9 glasses glass NNS 40119 480 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 480 11 outline outline NN 40119 480 12 can can MD 40119 480 13 not not RB 40119 480 14 be be VB 40119 480 15 clearly clearly RB 40119 480 16 distinguished distinguish VBN 40119 480 17 unless unless IN 40119 480 18 the the DT 40119 480 19 observer observer NN 40119 480 20 is be VBZ 40119 480 21 near near JJ 40119 480 22 , , , 40119 480 23 but but CC 40119 480 24 if if IN 40119 480 25 he -PRON- PRP 40119 480 26 uses use VBZ 40119 480 27 suitable suitable JJ 40119 480 28 concave concave NNP 40119 480 29 spectacles spectacle NNS 40119 480 30 , , , 40119 480 31 he -PRON- PRP 40119 480 32 will will MD 40119 480 33 be be VB 40119 480 34 able able JJ 40119 480 35 to to TO 40119 480 36 see see VB 40119 480 37 it -PRON- PRP 40119 480 38 quite quite RB 40119 480 39 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 480 40 , , , 40119 480 41 even even RB 40119 480 42 from from IN 40119 480 43 a a DT 40119 480 44 considerable considerable JJ 40119 480 45 distance distance NN 40119 480 46 . . . 40119 481 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 481 2 is be VBZ 40119 481 3 well well RB 40119 481 4 known know VBN 40119 481 5 that that IN 40119 481 6 ideas idea NNS 40119 481 7 of of IN 40119 481 8 distance distance NN 40119 481 9 are be VBP 40119 481 10 associated associate VBN 40119 481 11 with with IN 40119 481 12 certain certain JJ 40119 481 13 colours colour NNS 40119 481 14 . . . 40119 482 1 A a DT 40119 482 2 room room NN 40119 482 3 gives give VBZ 40119 482 4 one one PRP 40119 482 5 the the DT 40119 482 6 impression impression NN 40119 482 7 of of IN 40119 482 8 being be VBG 40119 482 9 larger large JJR 40119 482 10 when when WRB 40119 482 11 it -PRON- PRP 40119 482 12 is be VBZ 40119 482 13 papered paper VBN 40119 482 14 or or CC 40119 482 15 painted paint VBN 40119 482 16 a a DT 40119 482 17 blue blue JJ 40119 482 18 - - HYPH 40119 482 19 violet violet NN 40119 482 20 colour colour NN 40119 482 21 than than IN 40119 482 22 when when WRB 40119 482 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 482 24 colouring colouring NN 40119 482 25 is be VBZ 40119 482 26 red red JJ 40119 482 27 . . . 40119 483 1 In in IN 40119 483 2 the the DT 40119 483 3 former former JJ 40119 483 4 case case NN 40119 483 5 the the DT 40119 483 6 walls wall NNS 40119 483 7 seem seem VBP 40119 483 8 to to TO 40119 483 9 retire retire VB 40119 483 10 from from IN 40119 483 11 the the DT 40119 483 12 spectator spectator NN 40119 483 13 , , , 40119 483 14 in in IN 40119 483 15 the the DT 40119 483 16 latter latter JJ 40119 483 17 to to TO 40119 483 18 approach approach VB 40119 483 19 him -PRON- PRP 40119 483 20 . . . 40119 484 1 So so RB 40119 484 2 too too RB 40119 484 3 a a DT 40119 484 4 red red JJ 40119 484 5 spot spot NN 40119 484 6 upon upon IN 40119 484 7 a a DT 40119 484 8 violet violet NN 40119 484 9 ground ground NN 40119 484 10 appears appear VBZ 40119 484 11 to to TO 40119 484 12 be be VB 40119 484 13 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 484 14 raised raise VBN 40119 484 15 above above IN 40119 484 16 the the DT 40119 484 17 surface surface NN 40119 484 18 , , , 40119 484 19 while while IN 40119 484 20 a a DT 40119 484 21 violet violet NN 40119 484 22 spot spot NN 40119 484 23 upon upon IN 40119 484 24 a a DT 40119 484 25 red red JJ 40119 484 26 ground ground NN 40119 484 27 appears appear VBZ 40119 484 28 to to TO 40119 484 29 be be VB 40119 484 30 depressed depressed JJ 40119 484 31 . . . 40119 485 1 These these DT 40119 485 2 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 485 3 are be VBP 40119 485 4 fully fully RB 40119 485 5 explained explain VBN 40119 485 6 by by IN 40119 485 7 the the DT 40119 485 8 imperfect imperfect JJ 40119 485 9 achromatism achromatism NN 40119 485 10 of of IN 40119 485 11 the the DT 40119 485 12 eye eye NN 40119 485 13 . . . 40119 486 1 When when WRB 40119 486 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 486 3 look look VBP 40119 486 4 at at IN 40119 486 5 a a DT 40119 486 6 red red JJ 40119 486 7 object object NN 40119 486 8 , , , 40119 486 9 we -PRON- PRP 40119 486 10 have have VBP 40119 486 11 to to TO 40119 486 12 adjust adjust VB 40119 486 13 the the DT 40119 486 14 crystalline crystalline JJ 40119 486 15 lens lens NN 40119 486 16 by by IN 40119 486 17 means mean NNS 40119 486 18 of of IN 40119 486 19 the the DT 40119 486 20 ciliary ciliary JJ 40119 486 21 muscle muscle NN 40119 486 22 in in IN 40119 486 23 exactly exactly RB 40119 486 24 the the DT 40119 486 25 same same JJ 40119 486 26 way way NN 40119 486 27 as as IN 40119 486 28 when when WRB 40119 486 29 we -PRON- PRP 40119 486 30 look look VBP 40119 486 31 at at IN 40119 486 32 a a DT 40119 486 33 near near JJ 40119 486 34 object object NN 40119 486 35 ; ; : 40119 486 36 in in IN 40119 486 37 both both DT 40119 486 38 cases case NNS 40119 486 39 it -PRON- PRP 40119 486 40 is be VBZ 40119 486 41 necessary necessary JJ 40119 486 42 to to TO 40119 486 43 increase increase VB 40119 486 44 the the DT 40119 486 45 convexity convexity NN 40119 486 46 of of IN 40119 486 47 the the DT 40119 486 48 lens lens NN 40119 486 49 , , , 40119 486 50 and and CC 40119 486 51 so so RB 40119 486 52 diminish diminish VB 40119 486 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 486 54 focal focal JJ 40119 486 55 length length NN 40119 486 56 , , , 40119 486 57 in in IN 40119 486 58 order order NN 40119 486 59 to to TO 40119 486 60 obtain obtain VB 40119 486 61 a a DT 40119 486 62 clear clear JJ 40119 486 63 image image NN 40119 486 64 upon upon IN 40119 486 65 the the DT 40119 486 66 retina retina NNP 40119 486 67 . . . 40119 487 1 And and CC 40119 487 2 again again RB 40119 487 3 , , , 40119 487 4 when when WRB 40119 487 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 487 6 wish wish VBP 40119 487 7 to to TO 40119 487 8 see see VB 40119 487 9 a a DT 40119 487 10 blue blue JJ 40119 487 11 or or CC 40119 487 12 violet violet NN 40119 487 13 thing thing NN 40119 487 14 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 487 15 , , , 40119 487 16 the the DT 40119 487 17 ciliary ciliary JJ 40119 487 18 muscle muscle NN 40119 487 19 must must MD 40119 487 20 be be VB 40119 487 21 relaxed relax VBN 40119 487 22 and and CC 40119 487 23 the the DT 40119 487 24 convexity convexity NN 40119 487 25 of of IN 40119 487 26 the the DT 40119 487 27 lens lens NN 40119 487 28 as as RB 40119 487 29 far far RB 40119 487 30 as as IN 40119 487 31 possible possible JJ 40119 487 32 diminished diminished JJ 40119 487 33 , , , 40119 487 34 just just RB 40119 487 35 as as IN 40119 487 36 if if IN 40119 487 37 the the DT 40119 487 38 gaze gaze NN 40119 487 39 were be VBD 40119 487 40 directed direct VBN 40119 487 41 to to IN 40119 487 42 the the DT 40119 487 43 horizon horizon NN 40119 487 44 . . . 40119 488 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 488 2 are be VBP 40119 488 3 accustomed accustomed JJ 40119 488 4 to to TO 40119 488 5 estimate estimate VB 40119 488 6 the the DT 40119 488 7 distances distance NNS 40119 488 8 of of IN 40119 488 9 things thing NNS 40119 488 10 largely largely RB 40119 488 11 by by IN 40119 488 12 the the DT 40119 488 13 muscular muscular JJ 40119 488 14 effort effort NN 40119 488 15 required require VBN 40119 488 16 to to TO 40119 488 17 focus focus VB 40119 488 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 488 19 images image NNS 40119 488 20 , , , 40119 488 21 and and CC 40119 488 22 thus thus RB 40119 488 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 488 24 happens happen VBZ 40119 488 25 that that IN 40119 488 26 the the DT 40119 488 27 colour colour NN 40119 488 28 red red NN 40119 488 29 comes come VBZ 40119 488 30 to to TO 40119 488 31 be be VB 40119 488 32 associated associate VBN 40119 488 33 in in IN 40119 488 34 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 488 35 minds mind NNS 40119 488 36 with with IN 40119 488 37 nearness nearness JJ 40119 488 38 , , , 40119 488 39 and and CC 40119 488 40 violet violet NN 40119 488 41 with with IN 40119 488 42 remoteness remoteness NN 40119 488 43 . . . 40119 489 1 These these DT 40119 489 2 psychological psychological JJ 40119 489 3 effects effect NNS 40119 489 4 are be VBP 40119 489 5 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 489 6 well well RB 40119 489 7 marked mark VBN 40119 489 8 even even RB 40119 489 9 with with IN 40119 489 10 the the DT 40119 489 11 impure impure NN 40119 489 12 colours colour NNS 40119 489 13 met meet VBD 40119 489 14 with with IN 40119 489 15 in in IN 40119 489 16 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 489 17 life life NN 40119 489 18 , , , 40119 489 19 but but CC 40119 489 20 they -PRON- PRP 40119 489 21 are be VBP 40119 489 22 naturally naturally RB 40119 489 23 more more RBR 40119 489 24 evident evident JJ 40119 489 25 when when WRB 40119 489 26 the the DT 40119 489 27 colours colour NNS 40119 489 28 observed observe VBN 40119 489 29 are be VBP 40119 489 30 pure pure JJ 40119 489 31 , , , 40119 489 32 like like IN 40119 489 33 those those DT 40119 489 34 of of IN 40119 489 35 the the DT 40119 489 36 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 489 37 . . . 40119 490 1 A a DT 40119 490 2 beautiful beautiful JJ 40119 490 3 example example NN 40119 490 4 is be VBZ 40119 490 5 that that IN 40119 490 6 presented present VBN 40119 490 7 by by IN 40119 490 8 the the DT 40119 490 9 pair pair NN 40119 490 10 of of IN 40119 490 11 short short JJ 40119 490 12 bright bright JJ 40119 490 13 spectra spectra NN 40119 490 14 formed form VBN 40119 490 15 upon upon IN 40119 490 16 the the DT 40119 490 17 screen screen NN 40119 490 18 when when WRB 40119 490 19 a a DT 40119 490 20 double double JJ 40119 490 21 slit slit NN 40119 490 22 is be VBZ 40119 490 23 used use VBN 40119 490 24 shaped shape VBN 40119 490 25 like like IN 40119 490 26 the the DT 40119 490 27 letter letter NN 40119 490 28 V. V. NNP 40119 490 29 The the DT 40119 490 30 gorgeously gorgeously RB 40119 490 31 coloured colour VBN 40119 490 32 V v NN 40119 490 33 seems seem VBZ 40119 490 34 to to TO 40119 490 35 stand stand VB 40119 490 36 out out RP 40119 490 37 in in IN 40119 490 38 strong strong JJ 40119 490 39 relief relief NN 40119 490 40 like like IN 40119 490 41 a a DT 40119 490 42 pair pair NN 40119 490 43 of of IN 40119 490 44 inclined inclined JJ 40119 490 45 boards board NNS 40119 490 46 , , , 40119 490 47 the the DT 40119 490 48 nearer nearer NN 40119 490 49 edges edge VBZ 40119 490 50 being be VBG 40119 490 51 red red JJ 40119 490 52 , , , 40119 490 53 the the DT 40119 490 54 farther farther JJ 40119 490 55 ones one VBZ 40119 490 56 violet violet NN 40119 490 57 . . . 40119 491 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 491 2 See see VB 40119 491 3 Fig fig NN 40119 491 4 . . . 40119 492 1 14 14 CD 40119 492 2 . . . 40119 492 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 493 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 493 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 493 3 : : : 40119 493 4 _ _ NNP 40119 493 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 493 6 . . . 40119 494 1 14.--Spectrum 14.--spectrum CD 40119 494 2 formed form VBN 40119 494 3 with with IN 40119 494 4 V V NNP 40119 494 5 - - HYPH 40119 494 6 shaped shaped JJ 40119 494 7 Slit Slit NNP 40119 494 8 . . . 40119 494 9 _ _ NNP 40119 494 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 494 11 In in IN 40119 494 12 many many JJ 40119 494 13 other other JJ 40119 494 14 ways way NNS 40119 494 15 , , , 40119 494 16 and and CC 40119 494 17 with with IN 40119 494 18 little little JJ 40119 494 19 or or CC 40119 494 20 no no DT 40119 494 21 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 494 22 , , , 40119 494 23 any any DT 40119 494 24 one one NN 40119 494 25 may may MD 40119 494 26 easily easily RB 40119 494 27 convince convince VB 40119 494 28 himself -PRON- PRP 40119 494 29 that that IN 40119 494 30 the the DT 40119 494 31 different different JJ 40119 494 32 constituents constituent NNS 40119 494 33 of of IN 40119 494 34 white white JJ 40119 494 35 light light NN 40119 494 36 are be VBP 40119 494 37 not not RB 40119 494 38 equally equally RB 40119 494 39 refracted refract VBN 40119 494 40 by by IN 40119 494 41 the the DT 40119 494 42 lenses lense NNS 40119 494 43 of of IN 40119 494 44 the the DT 40119 494 45 eye eye NN 40119 494 46 . . . 40119 495 1 Look look VB 40119 495 2 , , , 40119 495 3 for for IN 40119 495 4 instance instance NN 40119 495 5 , , , 40119 495 6 at at IN 40119 495 7 the the DT 40119 495 8 incandescent incandescent JJ 40119 495 9 filament filament NN 40119 495 10 of of IN 40119 495 11 an an DT 40119 495 12 electric electric JJ 40119 495 13 lamp lamp NN 40119 495 14 through through IN 40119 495 15 a a DT 40119 495 16 piece[7 piece[7 NNP 40119 495 17 ] ] -RRB- 40119 495 18 of of IN 40119 495 19 common common JJ 40119 495 20 dark dark JJ 40119 495 21 blue blue JJ 40119 495 22 cobalt cobalt NN 40119 495 23 glass glass NN 40119 495 24 , , , 40119 495 25 which which WDT 40119 495 26 has have VBZ 40119 495 27 the the DT 40119 495 28 property property NN 40119 495 29 of of IN 40119 495 30 obstructing obstruct VBG 40119 495 31 the the DT 40119 495 32 coloured coloured JJ 40119 495 33 rays ray NNS 40119 495 34 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 495 35 to to IN 40119 495 36 the the DT 40119 495 37 middle middle NN 40119 495 38 of of IN 40119 495 39 the the DT 40119 495 40 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 495 41 , , , 40119 495 42 while while IN 40119 495 43 transmitting transmit VBG 40119 495 44 the the DT 40119 495 45 red red NN 40119 495 46 and and CC 40119 495 47 the the DT 40119 495 48 blue blue NN 40119 495 49 . . . 40119 496 1 Seen see VBN 40119 496 2 from from IN 40119 496 3 a a DT 40119 496 4 distance distance NN 40119 496 5 of of IN 40119 496 6 only only RB 40119 496 7 a a DT 40119 496 8 few few JJ 40119 496 9 inches inch NNS 40119 496 10 , , , 40119 496 11 the the DT 40119 496 12 filament filament NN 40119 496 13 appears appear VBZ 40119 496 14 to to TO 40119 496 15 be be VB 40119 496 16 pale pale JJ 40119 496 17 blue blue JJ 40119 496 18 with with IN 40119 496 19 a a DT 40119 496 20 bright bright JJ 40119 496 21 red red JJ 40119 496 22 border border NN 40119 496 23 , , , 40119 496 24 the the DT 40119 496 25 blue blue JJ 40119 496 26 rays ray NNS 40119 496 27 being be VBG 40119 496 28 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 496 29 focussed focusse VBN 40119 496 30 , , , 40119 496 31 while while IN 40119 496 32 the the DT 40119 496 33 red red JJ 40119 496 34 form form NN 40119 496 35 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 496 36 circles circle NNS 40119 496 37 . . . 40119 497 1 Move move VB 40119 497 2 some some DT 40119 497 3 six six CD 40119 497 4 or or CC 40119 497 5 eight eight CD 40119 497 6 feet foot NNS 40119 497 7 away away RB 40119 497 8 and and CC 40119 497 9 look look VB 40119 497 10 again again RB 40119 497 11 ; ; : 40119 497 12 the the DT 40119 497 13 colours colour NNS 40119 497 14 will will MD 40119 497 15 now now RB 40119 497 16 be be VB 40119 497 17 reversed reverse VBN 40119 497 18 , , , 40119 497 19 the the DT 40119 497 20 filament filament NN 40119 497 21 appearing appear VBG 40119 497 22 red red NN 40119 497 23 and and CC 40119 497 24 the the DT 40119 497 25 border border NN 40119 497 26 blue blue JJ 40119 497 27 - - HYPH 40119 497 28 violet violet NN 40119 497 29 . . . 40119 498 1 From from IN 40119 498 2 a a DT 40119 498 3 still still RB 40119 498 4 greater great JJR 40119 498 5 distance distance NN 40119 498 6 -- -- : 40119 498 7 about about RB 40119 498 8 fifteen fifteen CD 40119 498 9 or or CC 40119 498 10 twenty twenty CD 40119 498 11 feet foot NNS 40119 498 12 -- -- : 40119 498 13 the the DT 40119 498 14 whole whole JJ 40119 498 15 lamp lamp NN 40119 498 16 - - HYPH 40119 498 17 bulb bulb NN 40119 498 18 will will MD 40119 498 19 seem seem VB 40119 498 20 to to TO 40119 498 21 be be VB 40119 498 22 filled fill VBN 40119 498 23 with with IN 40119 498 24 a a DT 40119 498 25 blue blue JJ 40119 498 26 - - HYPH 40119 498 27 violet violet NN 40119 498 28 glow glow NN 40119 498 29 , , , 40119 498 30 due due IN 40119 498 31 to to IN 40119 498 32 large large JJ 40119 498 33 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 498 34 circles circle NNS 40119 498 35 , , , 40119 498 36 while while IN 40119 498 37 the the DT 40119 498 38 red red JJ 40119 498 39 image image NN 40119 498 40 of of IN 40119 498 41 the the DT 40119 498 42 filament filament NN 40119 498 43 may may MD 40119 498 44 be be VB 40119 498 45 even even RB 40119 498 46 more more RBR 40119 498 47 clearly clearly RB 40119 498 48 defined define VBN 40119 498 49 than than IN 40119 498 50 before before RB 40119 498 51 . . . 40119 499 1 No no RB 40119 499 2 doubt doubt RB 40119 499 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 499 4 is be VBZ 40119 499 5 partly partly RB 40119 499 6 owing owe VBG 40119 499 7 to to IN 40119 499 8 the the DT 40119 499 9 non non NN 40119 499 10 - - NN 40119 499 11 achromatism achromatism NN 40119 499 12 of of IN 40119 499 13 the the DT 40119 499 14 eye eye NN 40119 499 15 that that WDT 40119 499 16 distant distant JJ 40119 499 17 arc arc NN 40119 499 18 lights light NNS 40119 499 19 always always RB 40119 499 20 appear appear VBP 40119 499 21 to to TO 40119 499 22 have have VB 40119 499 23 a a DT 40119 499 24 yellowish yellowish JJ 40119 499 25 hue hue NN 40119 499 26 , , , 40119 499 27 even even RB 40119 499 28 when when WRB 40119 499 29 the the DT 40119 499 30 air air NN 40119 499 31 is be VBZ 40119 499 32 quite quite RB 40119 499 33 clear clear JJ 40119 499 34 ; ; : 40119 499 35 a a DT 40119 499 36 considerable considerable JJ 40119 499 37 proportion proportion NN 40119 499 38 of of IN 40119 499 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 499 40 blue blue JJ 40119 499 41 and and CC 40119 499 42 violet violet NN 40119 499 43 components component NNS 40119 499 44 must must MD 40119 499 45 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 499 46 be be VB 40119 499 47 lost lose VBN 40119 499 48 by by IN 40119 499 49 extensive extensive JJ 40119 499 50 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 499 51 . . . 40119 500 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 500 2 8 8 CD 40119 500 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 500 4 Again again RB 40119 500 5 , , , 40119 500 6 look look VB 40119 500 7 at at IN 40119 500 8 a a DT 40119 500 9 sunlit sunlit NN 40119 500 10 landscape landscape NN 40119 500 11 or or CC 40119 500 12 a a DT 40119 500 13 printed print VBN 40119 500 14 wall wall NN 40119 500 15 poster poster NN 40119 500 16 through through IN 40119 500 17 a a DT 40119 500 18 combination combination NN 40119 500 19 of of IN 40119 500 20 coloured coloured JJ 40119 500 21 glasses glass NNS 40119 500 22 which which WDT 40119 500 23 will will MD 40119 500 24 transmit transmit VB 40119 500 25 only only RB 40119 500 26 the the DT 40119 500 27 violet violet NN 40119 500 28 end end NN 40119 500 29 of of IN 40119 500 30 the the DT 40119 500 31 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 500 32 . . . 40119 501 1 You -PRON- PRP 40119 501 2 will will MD 40119 501 3 find find VB 40119 501 4 yourself -PRON- PRP 40119 501 5 for for IN 40119 501 6 the the DT 40119 501 7 time time NN 40119 501 8 terribly terribly RB 40119 501 9 short short JJ 40119 501 10 - - HYPH 40119 501 11 sighted sighted JJ 40119 501 12 , , , 40119 501 13 everything everything NN 40119 501 14 appearing appear VBG 40119 501 15 blurred blurred JJ 40119 501 16 and and CC 40119 501 17 indistinct indistinct JJ 40119 501 18 . . . 40119 502 1 But but CC 40119 502 2 if if IN 40119 502 3 you -PRON- PRP 40119 502 4 resort resort VBP 40119 502 5 to to IN 40119 502 6 the the DT 40119 502 7 usual usual JJ 40119 502 8 corrective corrective NN 40119 502 9 for for IN 40119 502 10 myopia myopia NN 40119 502 11 , , , 40119 502 12 and and CC 40119 502 13 put put VBD 40119 502 14 on on RP 40119 502 15 a a DT 40119 502 16 pair pair NN 40119 502 17 of of IN 40119 502 18 concave concave NNP 40119 502 19 spectacles spectacle NNS 40119 502 20 , , , 40119 502 21 your -PRON- PRP$ 40119 502 22 normal normal JJ 40119 502 23 vision vision NN 40119 502 24 will will MD 40119 502 25 be be VB 40119 502 26 restored restore VBN 40119 502 27 ; ; : 40119 502 28 trees tree NNS 40119 502 29 and and CC 40119 502 30 houses house NNS 40119 502 31 will will MD 40119 502 32 be be VB 40119 502 33 seen see VBN 40119 502 34 as as RB 40119 502 35 clearly clearly RB 40119 502 36 as as IN 40119 502 37 the the DT 40119 502 38 feebleness feebleness NN 40119 502 39 of of IN 40119 502 40 the the DT 40119 502 41 light light NN 40119 502 42 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 502 43 by by IN 40119 502 44 the the DT 40119 502 45 coloured colour VBN 40119 502 46 glasses glass NNS 40119 502 47 will will MD 40119 502 48 permit permit VB 40119 502 49 , , , 40119 502 50 and and CC 40119 502 51 the the DT 40119 502 52 letters letter NNS 40119 502 53 of of IN 40119 502 54 the the DT 40119 502 55 poster poster NN 40119 502 56 will will MD 40119 502 57 become become VB 40119 502 58 easily easily RB 40119 502 59 legible legible JJ 40119 502 60 . . . 40119 503 1 Now now RB 40119 503 2 , , , 40119 503 3 of of IN 40119 503 4 course course NN 40119 503 5 , , , 40119 503 6 the the DT 40119 503 7 interposition interposition NN 40119 503 8 of of IN 40119 503 9 coloured coloured JJ 40119 503 10 glasses glass NNS 40119 503 11 does do VBZ 40119 503 12 not not RB 40119 503 13 actually actually RB 40119 503 14 give give VB 40119 503 15 rise rise NN 40119 503 16 to to IN 40119 503 17 these these DT 40119 503 18 blurred blur VBN 40119 503 19 images image NNS 40119 503 20 ; ; : 40119 503 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 503 22 merely merely RB 40119 503 23 enables enable VBZ 40119 503 24 one one PRP 40119 503 25 to to TO 40119 503 26 detect detect VB 40119 503 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 503 28 existence existence NN 40119 503 29 . . . 40119 504 1 Under under IN 40119 504 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 504 3 conditions condition NNS 40119 504 4 they -PRON- PRP 40119 504 5 always always RB 40119 504 6 accompany accompany VBP 40119 504 7 the the DT 40119 504 8 clearer clear JJR 40119 504 9 images image NNS 40119 504 10 produced produce VBN 40119 504 11 by by IN 40119 504 12 the the DT 40119 504 13 more more RBR 40119 504 14 luminous luminous JJ 40119 504 15 rays ray NNS 40119 504 16 , , , 40119 504 17 and and CC 40119 504 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 504 19 presence presence NN 40119 504 20 can can MD 40119 504 21 not not RB 40119 504 22 fail fail VB 40119 504 23 to to TO 40119 504 24 exert exert VB 40119 504 25 a a DT 40119 504 26 detrimental detrimental JJ 40119 504 27 effect effect NN 40119 504 28 upon upon IN 40119 504 29 the the DT 40119 504 30 general general JJ 40119 504 31 definition definition NN 40119 504 32 . . . 40119 505 1 Such such JJ 40119 505 2 blurs blur NNS 40119 505 3 must must MD 40119 505 4 at at IN 40119 505 5 least least JJS 40119 505 6 tend tend VB 40119 505 7 to to TO 40119 505 8 fog fog VB 40119 505 9 the the DT 40119 505 10 darker dark JJR 40119 505 11 portions portion NNS 40119 505 12 of of IN 40119 505 13 the the DT 40119 505 14 focussed focussed JJ 40119 505 15 picture picture NN 40119 505 16 , , , 40119 505 17 and and CC 40119 505 18 though though IN 40119 505 19 we -PRON- PRP 40119 505 20 are be VBP 40119 505 21 not not RB 40119 505 22 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 505 23 conscious conscious JJ 40119 505 24 of of IN 40119 505 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 505 26 existence existence NN 40119 505 27 , , , 40119 505 28 it -PRON- PRP 40119 505 29 is be VBZ 40119 505 30 certain certain JJ 40119 505 31 that that IN 40119 505 32 if if IN 40119 505 33 they -PRON- PRP 40119 505 34 were be VBD 40119 505 35 annulled annul VBN 40119 505 36 the the DT 40119 505 37 acuteness acuteness NN 40119 505 38 of of IN 40119 505 39 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 505 40 vision vision NN 40119 505 41 would would MD 40119 505 42 be be VB 40119 505 43 improved improve VBN 40119 505 44 . . . 40119 506 1 The the DT 40119 506 2 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 506 3 circles circle NNS 40119 506 4 produced produce VBN 40119 506 5 by by IN 40119 506 6 the the DT 40119 506 7 red red JJ 40119 506 8 rays ray NNS 40119 506 9 , , , 40119 506 10 when when WRB 40119 506 11 the the DT 40119 506 12 eye eye NN 40119 506 13 is be VBZ 40119 506 14 accommodated accommodate VBN 40119 506 15 ( ( -LRB- 40119 506 16 as as IN 40119 506 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 506 18 commonly commonly RB 40119 506 19 is be VBZ 40119 506 20 ) ) -RRB- 40119 506 21 for for IN 40119 506 22 the the DT 40119 506 23 yellow yellow JJ 40119 506 24 and and CC 40119 506 25 green green JJ 40119 506 26 , , , 40119 506 27 are be VBP 40119 506 28 less less RBR 40119 506 29 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 506 30 than than IN 40119 506 31 those those DT 40119 506 32 due due IN 40119 506 33 to to IN 40119 506 34 the the DT 40119 506 35 most most RBS 40119 506 36 refrangible refrangible JJ 40119 506 37 rays ray NNS 40119 506 38 . . . 40119 507 1 Yet yet CC 40119 507 2 I -PRON- PRP 40119 507 3 find find VBP 40119 507 4 it -PRON- PRP 40119 507 5 impossible impossible JJ 40119 507 6 to to TO 40119 507 7 focus focus VB 40119 507 8 a a DT 40119 507 9 red red JJ 40119 507 10 object object NN 40119 507 11 , , , 40119 507 12 such such JJ 40119 507 13 as as IN 40119 507 14 the the DT 40119 507 15 filament filament NN 40119 507 16 of of IN 40119 507 17 an an DT 40119 507 18 electric electric JJ 40119 507 19 lamp lamp NN 40119 507 20 screened screen VBN 40119 507 21 by by IN 40119 507 22 a a DT 40119 507 23 properly properly RB 40119 507 24 selected select VBN 40119 507 25 deep deep JJ 40119 507 26 red red JJ 40119 507 27 glass glass NN 40119 507 28 , , , 40119 507 29 when when WRB 40119 507 30 placed place VBN 40119 507 31 at at IN 40119 507 32 the the DT 40119 507 33 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 507 34 distance distance NN 40119 507 35 of of IN 40119 507 36 distinct distinct JJ 40119 507 37 vision vision NN 40119 507 38 -- -- : 40119 507 39 some some DT 40119 507 40 nine nine CD 40119 507 41 or or CC 40119 507 42 ten ten CD 40119 507 43 inches inch NNS 40119 507 44 from from IN 40119 507 45 the the DT 40119 507 46 eye eye NN 40119 507 47 -- -- : 40119 507 48 without without IN 40119 507 49 the the DT 40119 507 50 aid aid NN 40119 507 51 of of IN 40119 507 52 a a DT 40119 507 53 convex convex NNP 40119 507 54 lens lens NN 40119 507 55 . . . 40119 508 1 In in IN 40119 508 2 this this DT 40119 508 3 case case NN 40119 508 4 one one CD 40119 508 5 is be VBZ 40119 508 6 not not RB 40119 508 7 too too RB 40119 508 8 short short JJ 40119 508 9 - - HYPH 40119 508 10 sighted sighted JJ 40119 508 11 but but CC 40119 508 12 too too RB 40119 508 13 long long RB 40119 508 14 - - HYPH 40119 508 15 sighted sighted JJ 40119 508 16 to to TO 40119 508 17 see see VB 40119 508 18 the the DT 40119 508 19 object object NN 40119 508 20 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 508 21 ; ; : 40119 508 22 in in IN 40119 508 23 other other JJ 40119 508 24 words word NNS 40119 508 25 , , , 40119 508 26 the the DT 40119 508 27 lenses lense NNS 40119 508 28 of of IN 40119 508 29 the the DT 40119 508 30 eye eye NN 40119 508 31 can can MD 40119 508 32 not not RB 40119 508 33 refract refract VB 40119 508 34 the the DT 40119 508 35 red red JJ 40119 508 36 rays ray NNS 40119 508 37 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 508 38 to to TO 40119 508 39 produce produce VB 40119 508 40 well well RB 40119 508 41 - - HYPH 40119 508 42 defined define VBN 40119 508 43 images image NNS 40119 508 44 upon upon IN 40119 508 45 the the DT 40119 508 46 retina retina NNP 40119 508 47 , , , 40119 508 48 and and CC 40119 508 49 the the DT 40119 508 50 refraction refraction NN 40119 508 51 has have VBZ 40119 508 52 to to TO 40119 508 53 be be VB 40119 508 54 increased increase VBN 40119 508 55 by by IN 40119 508 56 artificial artificial JJ 40119 508 57 means mean NNS 40119 508 58 . . . 40119 509 1 Though though RB 40119 509 2 , , , 40119 509 3 as as IN 40119 509 4 I -PRON- PRP 40119 509 5 have have VBP 40119 509 6 said say VBD 40119 509 7 , , , 40119 509 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 509 9 is be VBZ 40119 509 10 difficult difficult JJ 40119 509 11 , , , 40119 509 12 or or CC 40119 509 13 even even RB 40119 509 14 impossible impossible JJ 40119 509 15 to to TO 40119 509 16 detect detect VB 40119 509 17 any any DT 40119 509 18 trace trace NN 40119 509 19 of of IN 40119 509 20 a a DT 40119 509 21 coloured coloured JJ 40119 509 22 border border NN 40119 509 23 when when WRB 40119 509 24 looking look VBG 40119 509 25 at at IN 40119 509 26 a a DT 40119 509 27 bright bright JJ 40119 509 28 object object NN 40119 509 29 for for IN 40119 509 30 which which WDT 40119 509 31 the the DT 40119 509 32 eye eye NN 40119 509 33 is be VBZ 40119 509 34 accommodated accommodate VBN 40119 509 35 , , , 40119 509 36 it -PRON- PRP 40119 509 37 is be VBZ 40119 509 38 quite quite RB 40119 509 39 easy easy JJ 40119 509 40 to to TO 40119 509 41 bring bring VB 40119 509 42 such such JJ 40119 509 43 borders border NNS 40119 509 44 into into IN 40119 509 45 prominence prominence NN 40119 509 46 if if IN 40119 509 47 the the DT 40119 509 48 object object NN 40119 509 49 is be VBZ 40119 509 50 at at IN 40119 509 51 a a DT 40119 509 52 distance distance NN 40119 509 53 a a DT 40119 509 54 little little RB 40119 509 55 too too RB 40119 509 56 great great JJ 40119 509 57 or or CC 40119 509 58 too too RB 40119 509 59 small small JJ 40119 509 60 for for IN 40119 509 61 distinct distinct JJ 40119 509 62 vision vision NN 40119 509 63 . . . 40119 510 1 A a DT 40119 510 2 very very RB 40119 510 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 510 4 device device NN 40119 510 5 for for IN 40119 510 6 the the DT 40119 510 7 purpose purpose NN 40119 510 8 is be VBZ 40119 510 9 one one CD 40119 510 10 due due JJ 40119 510 11 to to IN 40119 510 12 von von NNP 40119 510 13 Bezold Bezold NNP 40119 510 14 . . . 40119 511 1 This this DT 40119 511 2 may may MD 40119 511 3 be be VB 40119 511 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 40119 511 5 by by IN 40119 511 6 using use VBG 40119 511 7 a a DT 40119 511 8 non non JJ 40119 511 9 - - JJ 40119 511 10 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 511 11 glass glass NN 40119 511 12 lens lens NN 40119 511 13 , , , 40119 511 14 such such JJ 40119 511 15 as as IN 40119 511 16 a a DT 40119 511 17 common common JJ 40119 511 18 magnifying magnifying NN 40119 511 19 glass glass NN 40119 511 20 , , , 40119 511 21 to to TO 40119 511 22 project project VB 40119 511 23 a a DT 40119 511 24 transparency transparency NN 40119 511 25 or or CC 40119 511 26 lantern lantern NN 40119 511 27 - - HYPH 40119 511 28 slide slide NN 40119 511 29 upon upon IN 40119 511 30 which which WDT 40119 511 31 is be VBZ 40119 511 32 painted paint VBN 40119 511 33 a a DT 40119 511 34 target target NN 40119 511 35 - - HYPH 40119 511 36 like like JJ 40119 511 37 design design NN 40119 511 38 , , , 40119 511 39 consisting consist VBG 40119 511 40 of of IN 40119 511 41 a a DT 40119 511 42 series series NN 40119 511 43 of of IN 40119 511 44 circular circular JJ 40119 511 45 black black JJ 40119 511 46 bands band NNS 40119 511 47 surrounding surround VBG 40119 511 48 a a DT 40119 511 49 circular circular JJ 40119 511 50 black black JJ 40119 511 51 spot spot NN 40119 511 52 . . . 40119 512 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 512 2 9 9 CD 40119 512 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 512 4 ( ( -LRB- 40119 512 5 See see VB 40119 512 6 Fig fig NN 40119 512 7 . . . 40119 513 1 15 15 CD 40119 513 2 . . . 40119 513 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 514 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 514 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 514 3 : : : 40119 514 4 _ _ NNP 40119 514 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 514 6 . . . 40119 515 1 15.--Bezold 15.--Bezold NNP 40119 515 2 's 's POS 40119 515 3 Diagram Diagram NNP 40119 515 4 . . . 40119 515 5 _ _ NNP 40119 515 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 515 7 Suppose suppose VB 40119 515 8 the the DT 40119 515 9 glass glass NN 40119 515 10 lens lens NN 40119 515 11 to to TO 40119 515 12 represent represent VB 40119 515 13 the the DT 40119 515 14 lenses lense NNS 40119 515 15 of of IN 40119 515 16 a a DT 40119 515 17 gigantic gigantic JJ 40119 515 18 eye eye NN 40119 515 19 ( ( -LRB- 40119 515 20 in in IN 40119 515 21 a a DT 40119 515 22 definite definite JJ 40119 515 23 condition condition NN 40119 515 24 of of IN 40119 515 25 accommodation accommodation NN 40119 515 26 ) ) -RRB- 40119 515 27 and and CC 40119 515 28 the the DT 40119 515 29 screen screen NN 40119 515 30 the the DT 40119 515 31 retina retina NNP 40119 515 32 . . . 40119 516 1 The the DT 40119 516 2 imaginary imaginary JJ 40119 516 3 eye eye NN 40119 516 4 is be VBZ 40119 516 5 looking look VBG 40119 516 6 at at IN 40119 516 7 the the DT 40119 516 8 design design NN 40119 516 9 on on IN 40119 516 10 the the DT 40119 516 11 lantern lantern NN 40119 516 12 - - HYPH 40119 516 13 slide slide NN 40119 516 14 , , , 40119 516 15 and and CC 40119 516 16 when when WRB 40119 516 17 this this DT 40119 516 18 is be VBZ 40119 516 19 at at IN 40119 516 20 the the DT 40119 516 21 distance distance NN 40119 516 22 of of IN 40119 516 23 most most JJS 40119 516 24 distinct distinct JJ 40119 516 25 vision vision NN 40119 516 26 a a DT 40119 516 27 fairly fairly RB 40119 516 28 well well RB 40119 516 29 defined define VBN 40119 516 30 image image NN 40119 516 31 of of IN 40119 516 32 the the DT 40119 516 33 target target NN 40119 516 34 is be VBZ 40119 516 35 formed form VBN 40119 516 36 upon upon IN 40119 516 37 the the DT 40119 516 38 retinal retinal JJ 40119 516 39 screen screen NN 40119 516 40 . . . 40119 517 1 Now now RB 40119 517 2 gradually gradually RB 40119 517 3 move move VB 40119 517 4 the the DT 40119 517 5 lantern lantern JJ 40119 517 6 slide slide NN 40119 517 7 towards towards IN 40119 517 8 the the DT 40119 517 9 lens lens NN 40119 517 10 ( ( -LRB- 40119 517 11 or or CC 40119 517 12 the the DT 40119 517 13 lens lens NN 40119 517 14 towards towards IN 40119 517 15 the the DT 40119 517 16 slide slide NN 40119 517 17 ) ) -RRB- 40119 517 18 , , , 40119 517 19 thus thus RB 40119 517 20 bringing bring VBG 40119 517 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 517 22 too too RB 40119 517 23 near near RB 40119 517 24 for for IN 40119 517 25 distinct distinct JJ 40119 517 26 vision vision NN 40119 517 27 . . . 40119 518 1 This this DT 40119 518 2 has have VBZ 40119 518 3 the the DT 40119 518 4 effect effect NN 40119 518 5 of of IN 40119 518 6 enlarging enlarge VBG 40119 518 7 the the DT 40119 518 8 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 518 9 circles circle NNS 40119 518 10 formed form VBN 40119 518 11 by by IN 40119 518 12 the the DT 40119 518 13 less less JJR 40119 518 14 refrangible refrangible JJ 40119 518 15 rays ray NNS 40119 518 16 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 518 17 to to IN 40119 518 18 the the DT 40119 518 19 red red JJ 40119 518 20 end end NN 40119 518 21 of of IN 40119 518 22 the the DT 40119 518 23 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 518 24 , , , 40119 518 25 and and CC 40119 518 26 at at IN 40119 518 27 the the DT 40119 518 28 same same JJ 40119 518 29 time time NN 40119 518 30 of of IN 40119 518 31 diminishing diminish VBG 40119 518 32 those those DT 40119 518 33 formed form VBN 40119 518 34 by by IN 40119 518 35 the the DT 40119 518 36 more more JJR 40119 518 37 refrangible refrangible JJ 40119 518 38 rays ray NNS 40119 518 39 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 518 40 to to IN 40119 518 41 the the DT 40119 518 42 violet violet NN 40119 518 43 end end NN 40119 518 44 . . . 40119 519 1 The the DT 40119 519 2 first first JJ 40119 519 3 result result NN 40119 519 4 is be VBZ 40119 519 5 that that IN 40119 519 6 the the DT 40119 519 7 circular circular JJ 40119 519 8 dark dark JJ 40119 519 9 bands band NNS 40119 519 10 become become VBP 40119 519 11 reddish reddish JJ 40119 519 12 brown brown JJ 40119 519 13 , , , 40119 519 14 and and CC 40119 519 15 the the DT 40119 519 16 spaces space NNS 40119 519 17 between between IN 40119 519 18 them -PRON- PRP 40119 519 19 bluish bluish NNP 40119 519 20 . . . 40119 520 1 As as IN 40119 520 2 the the DT 40119 520 3 distance distance NN 40119 520 4 between between IN 40119 520 5 the the DT 40119 520 6 lens lens NN 40119 520 7 and and CC 40119 520 8 the the DT 40119 520 9 slide slide NN 40119 520 10 is be VBZ 40119 520 11 still still RB 40119 520 12 further far RBR 40119 520 13 diminished diminish VBN 40119 520 14 , , , 40119 520 15 the the DT 40119 520 16 tints tint NNS 40119 520 17 become become VBP 40119 520 18 more more RBR 40119 520 19 varied varied JJ 40119 520 20 and and CC 40119 520 21 brilliant brilliant JJ 40119 520 22 , , , 40119 520 23 until until IN 40119 520 24 at at IN 40119 520 25 last last JJ 40119 520 26 there there EX 40119 520 27 appears appear VBZ 40119 520 28 a a DT 40119 520 29 beautiful beautiful JJ 40119 520 30 series series NN 40119 520 31 of of IN 40119 520 32 coloured coloured JJ 40119 520 33 rings ring NNS 40119 520 34 around around IN 40119 520 35 a a DT 40119 520 36 bright bright JJ 40119 520 37 red red JJ 40119 520 38 central central JJ 40119 520 39 spot spot NN 40119 520 40 . . . 40119 521 1 These these DT 40119 521 2 effects effect NNS 40119 521 3 are be VBP 40119 521 4 not not RB 40119 521 5 produced produce VBN 40119 521 6 when when WRB 40119 521 7 the the DT 40119 521 8 lens lens NN 40119 521 9 employed employ VBN 40119 521 10 is be VBZ 40119 521 11 an an DT 40119 521 12 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 521 13 one one NN 40119 521 14 ; ; : 40119 521 15 with with IN 40119 521 16 such such PDT 40119 521 17 a a DT 40119 521 18 lens lens NN 40119 521 19 the the DT 40119 521 20 diffusion diffusion NN 40119 521 21 circles circle NNS 40119 521 22 are be VBP 40119 521 23 all all RB 40119 521 24 enlarged enlarge VBN 40119 521 25 or or CC 40119 521 26 diminished diminish VBN 40119 521 27 together together RB 40119 521 28 , , , 40119 521 29 and and CC 40119 521 30 a a DT 40119 521 31 to to IN 40119 521 32 - - HYPH 40119 521 33 and and CC 40119 521 34 - - HYPH 40119 521 35 fro fro JJ 40119 521 36 movement movement NN 40119 521 37 of of IN 40119 521 38 the the DT 40119 521 39 lantern lantern JJ 40119 521 40 slide slide NN 40119 521 41 ( ( -LRB- 40119 521 42 or or CC 40119 521 43 of of IN 40119 521 44 the the DT 40119 521 45 lens lens NN 40119 521 46 ) ) -RRB- 40119 521 47 merely merely RB 40119 521 48 affects affect VBZ 40119 521 49 the the DT 40119 521 50 definition definition NN 40119 521 51 of of IN 40119 521 52 the the DT 40119 521 53 image image NN 40119 521 54 without without IN 40119 521 55 causing cause VBG 40119 521 56 any any DT 40119 521 57 perceptible perceptible JJ 40119 521 58 dispersion dispersion NN 40119 521 59 of of IN 40119 521 60 colour colour NN 40119 521 61 . . . 40119 522 1 Now now RB 40119 522 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 522 3 is be VBZ 40119 522 4 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 40119 522 5 that that IN 40119 522 6 the the DT 40119 522 7 chromatic chromatic JJ 40119 522 8 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 522 9 exhibited exhibit VBN 40119 522 10 with with IN 40119 522 11 the the DT 40119 522 12 uncorrected uncorrected JJ 40119 522 13 glass glass NN 40119 522 14 lens lens NN 40119 522 15 are be VBP 40119 522 16 quite quite RB 40119 522 17 well well RB 40119 522 18 shown show VBN 40119 522 19 by by IN 40119 522 20 the the DT 40119 522 21 lenses lense NNS 40119 522 22 of of IN 40119 522 23 the the DT 40119 522 24 eye eye NN 40119 522 25 . . . 40119 523 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 523 2 is be VBZ 40119 523 3 only only RB 40119 523 4 necessary necessary JJ 40119 523 5 to to TO 40119 523 6 hold hold VB 40119 523 7 the the DT 40119 523 8 lantern lantern NN 40119 523 9 - - HYPH 40119 523 10 slide slide NN 40119 523 11 before before IN 40119 523 12 a a DT 40119 523 13 bright bright JJ 40119 523 14 background background NN 40119 523 15 and and CC 40119 523 16 gradually gradually RB 40119 523 17 bring bring VB 40119 523 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 523 19 so so RB 40119 523 20 close close RB 40119 523 21 to to IN 40119 523 22 the the DT 40119 523 23 eye eye NN 40119 523 24 that that IN 40119 523 25 the the DT 40119 523 26 design design NN 40119 523 27 can can MD 40119 523 28 not not RB 40119 523 29 be be VB 40119 523 30 seen see VBN 40119 523 31 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 523 32 . . . 40119 524 1 The the DT 40119 524 2 black black JJ 40119 524 3 bands band NNS 40119 524 4 will will MD 40119 524 5 then then RB 40119 524 6 appear appear VB 40119 524 7 to to TO 40119 524 8 turn turn VB 40119 524 9 brown brown RB 40119 524 10 , , , 40119 524 11 the the DT 40119 524 12 white white JJ 40119 524 13 ones one NNS 40119 524 14 blue blue JJ 40119 524 15 , , , 40119 524 16 and and CC 40119 524 17 the the DT 40119 524 18 central central JJ 40119 524 19 spot spot NN 40119 524 20 bright bright JJ 40119 524 21 red red JJ 40119 524 22 . . . 40119 525 1 The the DT 40119 525 2 printed print VBN 40119 525 3 diagram diagram NN 40119 525 4 ( ( -LRB- 40119 525 5 Fig fig NN 40119 525 6 . . . 40119 526 1 15 15 LS 40119 526 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 526 3 will will MD 40119 526 4 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 526 5 show show VB 40119 526 6 the the DT 40119 526 7 colours colour NNS 40119 526 8 if if IN 40119 526 9 it -PRON- PRP 40119 526 10 is be VBZ 40119 526 11 held hold VBN 40119 526 12 at at IN 40119 526 13 a a DT 40119 526 14 distance distance NN 40119 526 15 of of IN 40119 526 16 four four CD 40119 526 17 to to TO 40119 526 18 five five CD 40119 526 19 inches inch NNS 40119 526 20 from from IN 40119 526 21 one one CD 40119 526 22 eye eye NN 40119 526 23 in in IN 40119 526 24 a a DT 40119 526 25 good good JJ 40119 526 26 light light NN 40119 526 27 . . . 40119 527 1 One one CD 40119 527 2 more more JJR 40119 527 3 experiment experiment NN 40119 527 4 may may MD 40119 527 5 be be VB 40119 527 6 referred refer VBN 40119 527 7 to to IN 40119 527 8 . . . 40119 528 1 Look look VB 40119 528 2 with with IN 40119 528 3 one one CD 40119 528 4 eye eye NN 40119 528 5 at at IN 40119 528 6 a a DT 40119 528 7 well well RB 40119 528 8 - - HYPH 40119 528 9 lighted light VBN 40119 528 10 page page NN 40119 528 11 of of IN 40119 528 12 print print NN 40119 528 13 , , , 40119 528 14 and and CC 40119 528 15 with with IN 40119 528 16 a a DT 40119 528 17 strip strip NN 40119 528 18 of of IN 40119 528 19 brown brown JJ 40119 528 20 paper paper NN 40119 528 21 , , , 40119 528 22 held hold VBD 40119 528 23 quite quite RB 40119 528 24 near near IN 40119 528 25 the the DT 40119 528 26 eye eye NN 40119 528 27 , , , 40119 528 28 cover cover VB 40119 528 29 about about IN 40119 528 30 half half PDT 40119 528 31 the the DT 40119 528 32 pupil pupil NN 40119 528 33 . . . 40119 529 1 The the DT 40119 529 2 black black JJ 40119 529 3 letters letter NNS 40119 529 4 will will MD 40119 529 5 now now RB 40119 529 6 appear appear VB 40119 529 7 to to TO 40119 529 8 be be VB 40119 529 9 bordered border VBN 40119 529 10 with with IN 40119 529 11 colour colour NN 40119 529 12 -- -- : 40119 529 13 blue blue JJ 40119 529 14 towards towards IN 40119 529 15 the the DT 40119 529 16 apparent apparent JJ 40119 529 17 edge edge NN 40119 529 18 of of IN 40119 529 19 the the DT 40119 529 20 brown brown JJ 40119 529 21 paper paper NN 40119 529 22 , , , 40119 529 23 orange orange NN 40119 529 24 on on IN 40119 529 25 the the DT 40119 529 26 opposite opposite JJ 40119 529 27 side side NN 40119 529 28 . . . 40119 530 1 If if IN 40119 530 2 the the DT 40119 530 3 letters letter NNS 40119 530 4 are be VBP 40119 530 5 white white JJ 40119 530 6 on on IN 40119 530 7 a a DT 40119 530 8 black black JJ 40119 530 9 ground ground NN 40119 530 10 , , , 40119 530 11 as as IN 40119 530 12 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 530 13 happens happen VBZ 40119 530 14 in in IN 40119 530 15 the the DT 40119 530 16 case case NN 40119 530 17 of of IN 40119 530 18 advertisements advertisement NNS 40119 530 19 , , , 40119 530 20 the the DT 40119 530 21 colours colour NNS 40119 530 22 will will MD 40119 530 23 be be VB 40119 530 24 interchanged interchange VBN 40119 530 25 . . . 40119 531 1 The the DT 40119 531 2 cause cause NN 40119 531 3 of of IN 40119 531 4 the the DT 40119 531 5 coloured coloured JJ 40119 531 6 borders border NNS 40119 531 7 will will MD 40119 531 8 be be VB 40119 531 9 readily readily RB 40119 531 10 understood understand VBN 40119 531 11 from from IN 40119 531 12 an an DT 40119 531 13 inspection inspection NN 40119 531 14 of of IN 40119 531 15 the the DT 40119 531 16 diagram diagram NN 40119 531 17 Fig Fig NNP 40119 531 18 . . . 40119 532 1 12 12 CD 40119 532 2 ; ; : 40119 532 3 but but CC 40119 532 4 it -PRON- PRP 40119 532 5 must must MD 40119 532 6 be be VB 40119 532 7 remembered remember VBN 40119 532 8 that that IN 40119 532 9 the the DT 40119 532 10 images image NNS 40119 532 11 on on IN 40119 532 12 the the DT 40119 532 13 retina retina NNP 40119 532 14 are be VBP 40119 532 15 inverted invert VBN 40119 532 16 . . . 40119 533 1 Thus thus RB 40119 533 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 533 3 is be VBZ 40119 533 4 proved prove VBN 40119 533 5 beyond beyond IN 40119 533 6 all all DT 40119 533 7 question question NN 40119 533 8 that that IN 40119 533 9 the the DT 40119 533 10 lenses lense NNS 40119 533 11 of of IN 40119 533 12 the the DT 40119 533 13 eye eye NN 40119 533 14 do do VBP 40119 533 15 not not RB 40119 533 16 form form VB 40119 533 17 an an DT 40119 533 18 achromatic achromatic JJ 40119 533 19 combination combination NN 40119 533 20 . . . 40119 534 1 Another another DT 40119 534 2 peculiarity peculiarity NN 40119 534 3 by by IN 40119 534 4 which which WDT 40119 534 5 the the DT 40119 534 6 eye eye NN 40119 534 7 is be VBZ 40119 534 8 affected affect VBN 40119 534 9 , , , 40119 534 10 and and CC 40119 534 11 which which WDT 40119 534 12 does do VBZ 40119 534 13 not not RB 40119 534 14 occur occur VB 40119 534 15 in in IN 40119 534 16 optical optical JJ 40119 534 17 instruments instrument NNS 40119 534 18 , , , 40119 534 19 is be VBZ 40119 534 20 that that DT 40119 534 21 known know VBN 40119 534 22 as as IN 40119 534 23 _ _ NNP 40119 534 24 astigmatism astigmatism NN 40119 534 25 _ _ NNP 40119 534 26 . . . 40119 535 1 The the DT 40119 535 2 surface surface NN 40119 535 3 of of IN 40119 535 4 the the DT 40119 535 5 cornea cornea NN 40119 535 6 , , , 40119 535 7 which which WDT 40119 535 8 , , , 40119 535 9 with with IN 40119 535 10 the the DT 40119 535 11 aqueous aqueous JJ 40119 535 12 humour humour NN 40119 535 13 , , , 40119 535 14 forms form VBZ 40119 535 15 the the DT 40119 535 16 outer outer JJ 40119 535 17 lens lens NN 40119 535 18 , , , 40119 535 19 is be VBZ 40119 535 20 not not RB 40119 535 21 often often RB 40119 535 22 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 535 23 spherical spherical JJ 40119 535 24 ; ; : 40119 535 25 generally generally RB 40119 535 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 535 27 is be VBZ 40119 535 28 shaped shape VBN 40119 535 29 something something NN 40119 535 30 like like IN 40119 535 31 the the DT 40119 535 32 bowl bowl NN 40119 535 33 of of IN 40119 535 34 a a DT 40119 535 35 spoon spoon NN 40119 535 36 , , , 40119 535 37 the the DT 40119 535 38 curvature curvature NN 40119 535 39 being be VBG 40119 535 40 greater greater RBR 40119 535 41 vertically vertically RB 40119 535 42 than than IN 40119 535 43 horizontally horizontally RB 40119 535 44 . . . 40119 536 1 Rays ray NNS 40119 536 2 issuing issue VBG 40119 536 3 from from IN 40119 536 4 a a DT 40119 536 5 luminous luminous JJ 40119 536 6 point point NN 40119 536 7 do do VBP 40119 536 8 not not RB 40119 536 9 , , , 40119 536 10 after after IN 40119 536 11 refraction refraction NN 40119 536 12 by by IN 40119 536 13 such such PDT 40119 536 14 a a DT 40119 536 15 lens lens NN 40119 536 16 , , , 40119 536 17 cross cross NN 40119 536 18 at at IN 40119 536 19 a a DT 40119 536 20 single single JJ 40119 536 21 focus focus NN 40119 536 22 , , , 40119 536 23 but but CC 40119 536 24 along along IN 40119 536 25 two two CD 40119 536 26 short short JJ 40119 536 27 straight straight JJ 40119 536 28 lines line NNS 40119 536 29 , , , 40119 536 30 the the DT 40119 536 31 one one CD 40119 536 32 horizontal horizontal NN 40119 536 33 the the DT 40119 536 34 other other JJ 40119 536 35 vertical vertical JJ 40119 536 36 , , , 40119 536 37 which which WDT 40119 536 38 are be VBP 40119 536 39 at at IN 40119 536 40 different different JJ 40119 536 41 distances distance NNS 40119 536 42 from from IN 40119 536 43 the the DT 40119 536 44 lens lens NN 40119 536 45 ; ; : 40119 536 46 thus thus RB 40119 536 47 a a DT 40119 536 48 distinct distinct JJ 40119 536 49 image image NN 40119 536 50 of of IN 40119 536 51 a a DT 40119 536 52 small small JJ 40119 536 53 point point NN 40119 536 54 can can MD 40119 536 55 not not RB 40119 536 56 anywhere anywhere RB 40119 536 57 be be VB 40119 536 58 produced produce VBN 40119 536 59 . . . 40119 537 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 537 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 537 3 : : : 40119 537 4 _ _ NNP 40119 537 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 537 6 . . . 40119 538 1 16.--Effect 16.--effect CD 40119 538 2 of of IN 40119 538 3 Astigmatism Astigmatism NNP 40119 538 4 . . . 40119 538 5 _ _ NNP 40119 538 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 538 7 A a DT 40119 538 8 very very RB 40119 538 9 curious curious JJ 40119 538 10 result result NN 40119 538 11 follows follow VBZ 40119 538 12 from from IN 40119 538 13 this this DT 40119 538 14 deformity deformity NN 40119 538 15 . . . 40119 539 1 If if IN 40119 539 2 two two CD 40119 539 3 straight straight JJ 40119 539 4 lines line NNS 40119 539 5 are be VBP 40119 539 6 drawn draw VBN 40119 539 7 at at IN 40119 539 8 right right JJ 40119 539 9 angles angle NNS 40119 539 10 to to IN 40119 539 11 each each DT 40119 539 12 other other JJ 40119 539 13 , , , 40119 539 14 as as IN 40119 539 15 in in IN 40119 539 16 Fig Fig NNP 40119 539 17 . . . 40119 540 1 16 16 CD 40119 540 2 , , , 40119 540 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 540 4 is be VBZ 40119 540 5 impossible impossible JJ 40119 540 6 to to TO 40119 540 7 see see VB 40119 540 8 both both DT 40119 540 9 of of IN 40119 540 10 them -PRON- PRP 40119 540 11 quite quite RB 40119 540 12 clearly clearly RB 40119 540 13 at at IN 40119 540 14 the the DT 40119 540 15 same same JJ 40119 540 16 time time NN 40119 540 17 . . . 40119 541 1 When when WRB 40119 541 2 the the DT 40119 541 3 paper paper NN 40119 541 4 is be VBZ 40119 541 5 held hold VBN 40119 541 6 at at IN 40119 541 7 a a DT 40119 541 8 certain certain JJ 40119 541 9 short short JJ 40119 541 10 distance distance NN 40119 541 11 from from IN 40119 541 12 the the DT 40119 541 13 eye eye NN 40119 541 14 -- -- : 40119 541 15 about about RB 40119 541 16 eight eight CD 40119 541 17 or or CC 40119 541 18 nine nine CD 40119 541 19 inches inch NNS 40119 541 20 -- -- : 40119 541 21 the the DT 40119 541 22 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 541 23 line line NN 40119 541 24 appears appear VBZ 40119 541 25 black black JJ 40119 541 26 and and CC 40119 541 27 well well RB 40119 541 28 defined define VBN 40119 541 29 , , , 40119 541 30 while while IN 40119 541 31 the the DT 40119 541 32 other other JJ 40119 541 33 is be VBZ 40119 541 34 rather rather RB 40119 541 35 grey grey JJ 40119 541 36 and and CC 40119 541 37 indistinct indistinct NNP 40119 541 38 ; ; : 40119 541 39 at at IN 40119 541 40 a a DT 40119 541 41 greater great JJR 40119 541 42 distance distance NN 40119 541 43 the the DT 40119 541 44 upright upright JJ 40119 541 45 line line NN 40119 541 46 seems seem VBZ 40119 541 47 to to TO 40119 541 48 be be VB 40119 541 49 the the DT 40119 541 50 blacker blacker NN 40119 541 51 . . . 40119 542 1 The the DT 40119 542 2 effect effect NN 40119 542 3 is be VBZ 40119 542 4 very very RB 40119 542 5 well well RB 40119 542 6 shown show VBN 40119 542 7 by by IN 40119 542 8 the the DT 40119 542 9 diagram diagram NN 40119 542 10 , , , 40119 542 11 Fig Fig NNP 40119 542 12 . . . 40119 543 1 17 17 CD 40119 543 2 . . . 40119 544 1 To to IN 40119 544 2 most most JJS 40119 544 3 persons person NNS 40119 544 4 the the DT 40119 544 5 lines line NNS 40119 544 6 occupying occupy VBG 40119 544 7 the the DT 40119 544 8 middle middle JJ 40119 544 9 portion portion NN 40119 544 10 will will MD 40119 544 11 appear appear VB 40119 544 12 either either CC 40119 544 13 much much JJ 40119 544 14 blacker blacker NN 40119 544 15 or or CC 40119 544 16 much much RB 40119 544 17 lighter light JJR 40119 544 18 than than IN 40119 544 19 those those DT 40119 544 20 at at IN 40119 544 21 the the DT 40119 544 22 two two CD 40119 544 23 ends end NNS 40119 544 24 , , , 40119 544 25 though though IN 40119 544 26 in in IN 40119 544 27 fact fact NN 40119 544 28 they -PRON- PRP 40119 544 29 are be VBP 40119 544 30 exactly exactly RB 40119 544 31 alike alike JJ 40119 544 32 . . . 40119 545 1 When when WRB 40119 545 2 this this DT 40119 545 3 form form NN 40119 545 4 of of IN 40119 545 5 astigmatism astigmatism NN 40119 545 6 is be VBZ 40119 545 7 excessive excessive JJ 40119 545 8 , , , 40119 545 9 it -PRON- PRP 40119 545 10 may may MD 40119 545 11 be be VB 40119 545 12 corrected correct VBN 40119 545 13 by by IN 40119 545 14 the the DT 40119 545 15 use use NN 40119 545 16 of of IN 40119 545 17 spectacles spectacle NNS 40119 545 18 fitted fit VBN 40119 545 19 with with IN 40119 545 20 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 40119 545 21 lenses lense NNS 40119 545 22 . . . 40119 546 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 546 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 546 3 : : : 40119 546 4 _ _ NNP 40119 546 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 546 6 . . . 40119 547 1 17.--Effect 17.--effect CD 40119 547 2 of of IN 40119 547 3 Astigmatism Astigmatism NNP 40119 547 4 . . . 40119 547 5 _ _ NNP 40119 547 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 547 7 But but CC 40119 547 8 there there EX 40119 547 9 is be VBZ 40119 547 10 a a DT 40119 547 11 different different JJ 40119 547 12 kind kind NN 40119 547 13 of of IN 40119 547 14 astigmatism astigmatism NN 40119 547 15 -- -- : 40119 547 16 irregular irregular JJ 40119 547 17 astigmatism astigmatism NN 40119 547 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 547 19 is be VBZ 40119 547 20 called call VBN 40119 547 21 -- -- : 40119 547 22 to to TO 40119 547 23 which which WDT 40119 547 24 every every DT 40119 547 25 one one NN 40119 547 26 is be VBZ 40119 547 27 more more RBR 40119 547 28 or or CC 40119 547 29 less less RBR 40119 547 30 a a DT 40119 547 31 victim victim NN 40119 547 32 , , , 40119 547 33 and and CC 40119 547 34 which which WDT 40119 547 35 can can MD 40119 547 36 not not RB 40119 547 37 be be VB 40119 547 38 relieved relieve VBN 40119 547 39 by by IN 40119 547 40 any any DT 40119 547 41 artificial artificial JJ 40119 547 42 appliances appliance NNS 40119 547 43 . . . 40119 548 1 Fortunately fortunately RB 40119 548 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 548 3 does do VBZ 40119 548 4 not not RB 40119 548 5 often often RB 40119 548 6 cause cause VB 40119 548 7 much much JJ 40119 548 8 practical practical JJ 40119 548 9 inconvenience inconvenience NN 40119 548 10 . . . 40119 549 1 Irregular irregular JJ 40119 549 2 astigmatism astigmatism NN 40119 549 3 is be VBZ 40119 549 4 commonly commonly RB 40119 549 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 549 6 in in IN 40119 549 7 the the DT 40119 549 8 following follow VBG 40119 549 9 manner manner NN 40119 549 10 . . . 40119 550 1 With with IN 40119 550 2 the the DT 40119 550 3 point point NN 40119 550 4 of of IN 40119 550 5 a a DT 40119 550 6 fine fine JJ 40119 550 7 needle needle NN 40119 550 8 , , , 40119 550 9 prick prick VB 40119 550 10 a a DT 40119 550 11 very very RB 40119 550 12 small small JJ 40119 550 13 hole hole NN 40119 550 14 in in IN 40119 550 15 a a DT 40119 550 16 sheet sheet NN 40119 550 17 of of IN 40119 550 18 tinfoil tinfoil NN 40119 550 19 . . . 40119 551 1 Hold hold VB 40119 551 2 up up RP 40119 551 3 the the DT 40119 551 4 tinfoil tinfoil NN 40119 551 5 to to IN 40119 551 6 the the DT 40119 551 7 light light NN 40119 551 8 and and CC 40119 551 9 look look VB 40119 551 10 at at IN 40119 551 11 the the DT 40119 551 12 hole hole NN 40119 551 13 with with IN 40119 551 14 one one CD 40119 551 15 eye eye NN 40119 551 16 , , , 40119 551 17 the the DT 40119 551 18 other other JJ 40119 551 19 being be VBG 40119 551 20 closed close VBN 40119 551 21 . . . 40119 552 1 Even even RB 40119 552 2 at at IN 40119 552 3 the the DT 40119 552 4 distance distance NN 40119 552 5 of of IN 40119 552 6 most most JJS 40119 552 7 distinct distinct JJ 40119 552 8 vision vision NN 40119 552 9 -- -- : 40119 552 10 ten ten CD 40119 552 11 inches inch NNS 40119 552 12 or or CC 40119 552 13 thereabouts,--there thereabouts,--there NNP 40119 552 14 will will MD 40119 552 15 probably probably RB 40119 552 16 be be VB 40119 552 17 a a DT 40119 552 18 ragged ragged JJ 40119 552 19 appearance appearance NN 40119 552 20 about about IN 40119 552 21 the the DT 40119 552 22 hole hole NN 40119 552 23 , , , 40119 552 24 as as IN 40119 552 25 if if IN 40119 552 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 552 27 were be VBD 40119 552 28 not not RB 40119 552 29 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 552 30 round round JJ 40119 552 31 . . . 40119 553 1 But but CC 40119 553 2 if if IN 40119 553 3 you -PRON- PRP 40119 553 4 bring bring VBP 40119 553 5 the the DT 40119 553 6 tinfoil tinfoil NN 40119 553 7 an an DT 40119 553 8 inch inch NN 40119 553 9 or or CC 40119 553 10 two two CD 40119 553 11 nearer nearer NNS 40119 553 12 to to IN 40119 553 13 the the DT 40119 553 14 eye eye NN 40119 553 15 , , , 40119 553 16 the the DT 40119 553 17 hole hole NN 40119 553 18 will will MD 40119 553 19 not not RB 40119 553 20 seem seem VB 40119 553 21 to to TO 40119 553 22 be be VB 40119 553 23 even even RB 40119 553 24 approximately approximately RB 40119 553 25 circular circular JJ 40119 553 26 ; ; : 40119 553 27 it -PRON- PRP 40119 553 28 will will MD 40119 553 29 assume assume VB 40119 553 30 the the DT 40119 553 31 form form NN 40119 553 32 of of IN 40119 553 33 a a DT 40119 553 34 little little JJ 40119 553 35 star star NN 40119 553 36 with with IN 40119 553 37 five five CD 40119 553 38 or or CC 40119 553 39 more more JJR 40119 553 40 distinct distinct JJ 40119 553 41 rays ray NNS 40119 553 42 . . . 40119 554 1 The the DT 40119 554 2 configuration configuration NN 40119 554 3 of of IN 40119 554 4 the the DT 40119 554 5 star star NN 40119 554 6 is be VBZ 40119 554 7 not not RB 40119 554 8 generally generally RB 40119 554 9 the the DT 40119 554 10 same same JJ 40119 554 11 for for IN 40119 554 12 the the DT 40119 554 13 right right JJ 40119 554 14 eye eye NN 40119 554 15 as as IN 40119 554 16 for for IN 40119 554 17 the the DT 40119 554 18 left left NN 40119 554 19 ; ; : 40119 554 20 the the DT 40119 554 21 rays ray NNS 40119 554 22 may may MD 40119 554 23 differ differ VB 40119 554 24 in in IN 40119 554 25 number number NN 40119 554 26 and and CC 40119 554 27 in in IN 40119 554 28 relative relative JJ 40119 554 29 magnitude magnitude NN 40119 554 30 , , , 40119 554 31 and and CC 40119 554 32 may may MD 40119 554 33 be be VB 40119 554 34 inclined incline VBN 40119 554 35 at at IN 40119 554 36 different different JJ 40119 554 37 angles angle NNS 40119 554 38 to to IN 40119 554 39 the the DT 40119 554 40 vertical vertical NN 40119 554 41 . . . 40119 555 1 Fig fig NN 40119 555 2 . . . 40119 556 1 18 18 CD 40119 556 2 shows show VBZ 40119 556 3 the the DT 40119 556 4 stars star NNS 40119 556 5 as as IN 40119 556 6 they -PRON- PRP 40119 556 7 appear appear VBP 40119 556 8 to to IN 40119 556 9 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 556 10 two two CD 40119 556 11 eyes eye NNS 40119 556 12 , , , 40119 556 13 when when WRB 40119 556 14 the the DT 40119 556 15 illumination illumination NN 40119 556 16 is be VBZ 40119 556 17 rather rather RB 40119 556 18 strong strong JJ 40119 556 19 . . . 40119 557 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 557 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 557 3 : : : 40119 557 4 _ _ NNP 40119 557 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 557 6 . . . 40119 558 1 18.--Star 18.--star LS 40119 558 2 - - : 40119 558 3 like like JJ 40119 558 4 Images image NNS 40119 558 5 of of IN 40119 558 6 luminous luminous JJ 40119 558 7 Point Point NNP 40119 558 8 . . . 40119 558 9 _ _ NNP 40119 558 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 558 11 If if IN 40119 558 12 several several JJ 40119 558 13 holes hole NNS 40119 558 14 are be VBP 40119 558 15 pricked prick VBN 40119 558 16 in in IN 40119 558 17 the the DT 40119 558 18 tinfoil tinfoil NN 40119 558 19 , , , 40119 558 20 each each DT 40119 558 21 will will MD 40119 558 22 of of IN 40119 558 23 course course NN 40119 558 24 originate originate VB 40119 558 25 a a DT 40119 558 26 separate separate JJ 40119 558 27 star star NN 40119 558 28 , , , 40119 558 29 and and CC 40119 558 30 all all PDT 40119 558 31 the the DT 40119 558 32 stars star NNS 40119 558 33 as as IN 40119 558 34 seen see VBN 40119 558 35 by by IN 40119 558 36 the the DT 40119 558 37 same same JJ 40119 558 38 eye eye NN 40119 558 39 will will MD 40119 558 40 appear appear VB 40119 558 41 to to TO 40119 558 42 be be VB 40119 558 43 figured figure VBN 40119 558 44 upon upon IN 40119 558 45 the the DT 40119 558 46 same same JJ 40119 558 47 model model NN 40119 558 48 , , , 40119 558 49 though though IN 40119 558 50 some some DT 40119 558 51 may may MD 40119 558 52 be be VB 40119 558 53 larger large JJR 40119 558 54 or or CC 40119 558 55 brighter bright JJR 40119 558 56 than than IN 40119 558 57 others other NNS 40119 558 58 . . . 40119 559 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 559 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 559 3 : : : 40119 559 4 _ _ NNP 40119 559 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 559 6 . . . 40119 560 1 19.--Sutures 19.--sutures CD 40119 560 2 of of IN 40119 560 3 crystalline crystalline NN 40119 560 4 Lens Lens NNP 40119 560 5 . . . 40119 560 6 _ _ NNP 40119 560 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 560 8 There there EX 40119 560 9 can can MD 40119 560 10 be be VB 40119 560 11 no no DT 40119 560 12 doubt doubt NN 40119 560 13 that that IN 40119 560 14 the the DT 40119 560 15 stellate stellate JJ 40119 560 16 form form NN 40119 560 17 observed observe VBN 40119 560 18 in in IN 40119 560 19 these these DT 40119 560 20 experiments experiment NNS 40119 560 21 , , , 40119 560 22 as as RB 40119 560 23 well well RB 40119 560 24 as as IN 40119 560 25 that that DT 40119 560 26 of of IN 40119 560 27 the the DT 40119 560 28 stars star NNS 40119 560 29 of of IN 40119 560 30 heaven heaven NN 40119 560 31 themselves -PRON- PRP 40119 560 32 ( ( -LRB- 40119 560 33 which which WDT 40119 560 34 with with IN 40119 560 35 perfect perfect JJ 40119 560 36 vision vision NN 40119 560 37 would would MD 40119 560 38 be be VB 40119 560 39 seen see VBN 40119 560 40 simply simply RB 40119 560 41 as as IN 40119 560 42 luminous luminous JJ 40119 560 43 points point NNS 40119 560 44 ) ) -RRB- 40119 560 45 , , , 40119 560 46 is be VBZ 40119 560 47 a a DT 40119 560 48 consequence consequence NN 40119 560 49 of of IN 40119 560 50 the the DT 40119 560 51 singular singular JJ 40119 560 52 structure structure NN 40119 560 53 of of IN 40119 560 54 the the DT 40119 560 55 crystalline crystalline JJ 40119 560 56 lens lens NN 40119 560 57 of of IN 40119 560 58 the the DT 40119 560 59 eye eye NN 40119 560 60 . . . 40119 561 1 This this DT 40119 561 2 does do VBZ 40119 561 3 not not RB 40119 561 4 consist consist VB 40119 561 5 of of IN 40119 561 6 one one CD 40119 561 7 uniform uniform JJ 40119 561 8 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 40119 561 9 mass mass NN 40119 561 10 like like IN 40119 561 11 a a DT 40119 561 12 glass glass NN 40119 561 13 lens lens NN 40119 561 14 , , , 40119 561 15 but but CC 40119 561 16 of of IN 40119 561 17 a a DT 40119 561 18 number number NN 40119 561 19 of of IN 40119 561 20 separate separate JJ 40119 561 21 portions portion NNS 40119 561 22 pieced piece VBN 40119 561 23 together together RB 40119 561 24 radially radially NNP 40119 561 25 , , , 40119 561 26 as as IN 40119 561 27 indicated indicate VBN 40119 561 28 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 40119 561 29 in in IN 40119 561 30 Fig Fig NNP 40119 561 31 . . . 40119 562 1 19 19 CD 40119 562 2 . . . 40119 563 1 In in IN 40119 563 2 the the DT 40119 563 3 eye eye NN 40119 563 4 of of IN 40119 563 5 a a DT 40119 563 6 newly newly RB 40119 563 7 - - HYPH 40119 563 8 born bear VBN 40119 563 9 child child NN 40119 563 10 there there EX 40119 563 11 are be VBP 40119 563 12 three three CD 40119 563 13 such such JJ 40119 563 14 portions portion NNS 40119 563 15 , , , 40119 563 16 and and CC 40119 563 17 the the DT 40119 563 18 radial radial JJ 40119 563 19 junctions junction NNS 40119 563 20 on on IN 40119 563 21 one one CD 40119 563 22 side side NN 40119 563 23 of of IN 40119 563 24 the the DT 40119 563 25 lens lens NN 40119 563 26 are be VBP 40119 563 27 not not RB 40119 563 28 opposite opposite JJ 40119 563 29 to to IN 40119 563 30 those those DT 40119 563 31 on on IN 40119 563 32 the the DT 40119 563 33 other other JJ 40119 563 34 , , , 40119 563 35 but but CC 40119 563 36 are be VBP 40119 563 37 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 563 38 . . . 40119 564 1 In in IN 40119 564 2 the the DT 40119 564 3 figure figure NN 40119 564 4 the the DT 40119 564 5 junctions junction NNS 40119 564 6 at at IN 40119 564 7 the the DT 40119 564 8 front front NN 40119 564 9 of of IN 40119 564 10 the the DT 40119 564 11 lens lens NN 40119 564 12 are be VBP 40119 564 13 represented represent VBN 40119 564 14 by by IN 40119 564 15 continuous continuous JJ 40119 564 16 lines line NNS 40119 564 17 and and CC 40119 564 18 those those DT 40119 564 19 at at IN 40119 564 20 the the DT 40119 564 21 back back NN 40119 564 22 by by IN 40119 564 23 dots dot NNS 40119 564 24 . . . 40119 565 1 The the DT 40119 565 2 number number NN 40119 565 3 of of IN 40119 565 4 sutures suture NNS 40119 565 5 found find VBN 40119 565 6 in in IN 40119 565 7 the the DT 40119 565 8 adult adult NN 40119 565 9 lens lens NN 40119 565 10 is be VBZ 40119 565 11 generally generally RB 40119 565 12 greater great JJR 40119 565 13 than than IN 40119 565 14 six six CD 40119 565 15 . . . 40119 566 1 But but CC 40119 566 2 while while IN 40119 566 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 566 4 is be VBZ 40119 566 5 certain certain JJ 40119 566 6 that that IN 40119 566 7 these these DT 40119 566 8 radial radial JJ 40119 566 9 sutures suture NNS 40119 566 10 are be VBP 40119 566 11 in in IN 40119 566 12 some some DT 40119 566 13 way way NN 40119 566 14 closely closely RB 40119 566 15 connected connect VBN 40119 566 16 with with IN 40119 566 17 the the DT 40119 566 18 luminous luminous JJ 40119 566 19 rays ray NNS 40119 566 20 which which WDT 40119 566 21 appear appear VBP 40119 566 22 to to TO 40119 566 23 proceed proceed VB 40119 566 24 from from IN 40119 566 25 a a DT 40119 566 26 bright bright JJ 40119 566 27 point point NN 40119 566 28 , , , 40119 566 29 it -PRON- PRP 40119 566 30 must must MD 40119 566 31 be be VB 40119 566 32 confessed confess VBN 40119 566 33 that that IN 40119 566 34 no no DT 40119 566 35 adequate adequate JJ 40119 566 36 explanation explanation NN 40119 566 37 has have VBZ 40119 566 38 yet yet RB 40119 566 39 been be VBN 40119 566 40 given give VBN 40119 566 41 of of IN 40119 566 42 the the DT 40119 566 43 precise precise JJ 40119 566 44 manner manner NN 40119 566 45 in in IN 40119 566 46 which which WDT 40119 566 47 the the DT 40119 566 48 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 566 49 is be VBZ 40119 566 50 brought bring VBN 40119 566 51 about about RP 40119 566 52 . . . 40119 567 1 Ophthalmologists ophthalmologist NNS 40119 567 2 seem seem VBP 40119 567 3 to to TO 40119 567 4 have have VB 40119 567 5 been be VBN 40119 567 6 contented content VBN 40119 567 7 with with IN 40119 567 8 vague vague JJ 40119 567 9 statements statement NNS 40119 567 10 about about IN 40119 567 11 irregular irregular JJ 40119 567 12 refraction refraction NN 40119 567 13 , , , 40119 567 14 but but CC 40119 567 15 what what WDT 40119 567 16 kind kind NN 40119 567 17 of of IN 40119 567 18 irregularity irregularity NN 40119 567 19 would would MD 40119 567 20 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 567 21 account account VB 40119 567 22 for for IN 40119 567 23 all all PDT 40119 567 24 the the DT 40119 567 25 facts fact NNS 40119 567 26 of of IN 40119 567 27 observation observation NN 40119 567 28 has have VBZ 40119 567 29 never never RB 40119 567 30 , , , 40119 567 31 so so RB 40119 567 32 far far RB 40119 567 33 as as IN 40119 567 34 I -PRON- PRP 40119 567 35 know know VBP 40119 567 36 , , , 40119 567 37 been be VBN 40119 567 38 exactly exactly RB 40119 567 39 determined determine VBN 40119 567 40 . . . 40119 568 1 The the DT 40119 568 2 problem problem NN 40119 568 3 can can MD 40119 568 4 hardly hardly RB 40119 568 5 be be VB 40119 568 6 very very RB 40119 568 7 difficult difficult JJ 40119 568 8 of of IN 40119 568 9 solution solution NN 40119 568 10 , , , 40119 568 11 and and CC 40119 568 12 would would MD 40119 568 13 , , , 40119 568 14 no no RB 40119 568 15 doubt doubt RB 40119 568 16 , , , 40119 568 17 readily readily RB 40119 568 18 yield yield VBP 40119 568 19 to to IN 40119 568 20 the the DT 40119 568 21 joint joint JJ 40119 568 22 efforts effort NNS 40119 568 23 of of IN 40119 568 24 a a DT 40119 568 25 physicist physicist NN 40119 568 26 and and CC 40119 568 27 a a DT 40119 568 28 physiologist physiologist NN 40119 568 29 . . . 40119 569 1 The the DT 40119 569 2 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 569 3 of of IN 40119 569 4 irregular irregular JJ 40119 569 5 astigmatism astigmatism NN 40119 569 6 as as IN 40119 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represented represent VBN 40119 574 5 in in IN 40119 574 6 a a DT 40119 574 7 somewhat somewhat RB 40119 574 8 idealised idealised JJ 40119 574 9 form form NN 40119 574 10 in in IN 40119 574 11 Fig Fig NNP 40119 574 12 . . . 40119 575 1 20 20 CD 40119 575 2 ; ; : 40119 575 3 but but CC 40119 575 4 the the DT 40119 575 5 spots spot NNS 40119 575 6 were be VBD 40119 575 7 not not RB 40119 575 8 quite quite RB 40119 575 9 so so RB 40119 575 10 distinct distinct JJ 40119 575 11 nor nor CC 40119 575 12 so so RB 40119 575 13 regularly regularly RB 40119 575 14 disposed disposed JJ 40119 575 15 as as IN 40119 575 16 there there EX 40119 575 17 shown show VBN 40119 575 18 , , , 40119 575 19 neither neither CC 40119 575 20 was be VBD 40119 575 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 575 22 configuration configuration NN 40119 575 23 exactly exactly RB 40119 575 24 the the DT 40119 575 25 same same JJ 40119 575 26 for for IN 40119 575 27 the the DT 40119 575 28 right right JJ 40119 575 29 eye eye NN 40119 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the DT 40119 576 33 luminous luminous JJ 40119 576 34 ground ground NN 40119 576 35 , , , 40119 576 36 the the DT 40119 576 37 approximate approximate JJ 40119 576 38 symmetry symmetry NN 40119 576 39 of of IN 40119 576 40 the the DT 40119 576 41 figure figure NN 40119 576 42 being be VBG 40119 576 43 still still RB 40119 576 44 retained retain VBN 40119 576 45 . . . 40119 577 1 Fig fig NN 40119 577 2 . . . 40119 578 1 21 21 CD 40119 578 2 represents represent VBZ 40119 578 3 a a DT 40119 578 4 certain certain JJ 40119 578 5 stage stage NN 40119 578 6 in in IN 40119 578 7 this this DT 40119 578 8 process process NN 40119 578 9 of of IN 40119 578 10 expansion expansion NN 40119 578 11 . . . 40119 579 1 The the DT 40119 579 2 appearance appearance NN 40119 579 3 was be VBD 40119 579 4 happily happily RB 40119 579 5 likened liken VBN 40119 579 6 by by IN 40119 579 7 an an DT 40119 579 8 observer observer NN 40119 579 9 who who WP 40119 579 10 repeated repeat VBD 40119 579 11 the the DT 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40119 581 27 strings string NNS 40119 581 28 of of IN 40119 581 29 bright bright JJ 40119 581 30 , , , 40119 581 31 partially partially RB 40119 581 32 overlapping overlap VBG 40119 581 33 spots spot NNS 40119 581 34 , , , 40119 581 35 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 581 36 apparently apparently RB 40119 581 37 to to IN 40119 581 38 the the DT 40119 581 39 sutures suture NNS 40119 581 40 of of IN 40119 581 41 the the DT 40119 581 42 crystalline crystalline NN 40119 581 43 lens lens NN 40119 581 44 . . . 40119 582 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 582 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 582 3 : : : 40119 582 4 _ _ NNP 40119 582 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 582 6 . . . 40119 583 1 21.--Increased 21.--increased CD 40119 583 2 number number NN 40119 583 3 of of IN 40119 583 4 Images Images NNP 40119 583 5 . . . 40119 583 6 _ _ NNP 40119 583 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 583 8 When when WRB 40119 583 9 the the DT 40119 583 10 hole hole NN 40119 583 11 was be VBD 40119 583 12 looked look VBN 40119 583 13 at at IN 40119 583 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separated separate VBN 40119 588 44 from from IN 40119 588 45 one one CD 40119 588 46 another another DT 40119 588 47 by by IN 40119 588 48 hazy hazy JJ 40119 588 49 dark dark JJ 40119 588 50 lines line NNS 40119 588 51 . . . 40119 589 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 589 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 589 3 : : : 40119 589 4 _ _ NNP 40119 589 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 589 6 . . . 40119 590 1 23.--Images 23.--images CD 40119 590 2 of of IN 40119 590 3 an an DT 40119 590 4 electric electric JJ 40119 590 5 lamp lamp NN 40119 590 6 Filament Filament NNP 40119 590 7 . . . 40119 590 8 _ _ NNP 40119 590 9 ] ] -RRB- 40119 590 10 I -PRON- PRP 40119 590 11 thought think VBD 40119 590 12 that that IN 40119 590 13 the the DT 40119 590 14 observations observation NNS 40119 590 15 might may MD 40119 590 16 be be VB 40119 590 17 rendered render VBN 40119 590 18 easier easy JJR 40119 590 19 if if IN 40119 590 20 the the DT 40119 590 21 source source NN 40119 590 22 of of IN 40119 590 23 light light NN 40119 590 24 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40119 592 50 , , , 40119 592 51 such such JJ 40119 592 52 as as IN 40119 592 53 would would MD 40119 592 54 be be VB 40119 592 55 produced produce VBN 40119 592 56 if if IN 40119 592 57 the the DT 40119 592 58 transparent transparent JJ 40119 592 59 media medium NNS 40119 592 60 of of IN 40119 592 61 the the DT 40119 592 62 eye eye NN 40119 592 63 were be VBD 40119 592 64 composed compose VBN 40119 592 65 of of IN 40119 592 66 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 40119 592 67 substances substance NNS 40119 592 68 like like IN 40119 592 69 glass glass NN 40119 592 70 or or CC 40119 592 71 water water NN 40119 592 72 , , , 40119 592 73 appeared appear VBD 40119 592 74 to to TO 40119 592 75 be be VB 40119 592 76 made make VBN 40119 592 77 up up RP 40119 592 78 of of IN 40119 592 79 a a DT 40119 592 80 crowd crowd NN 40119 592 81 of of IN 40119 592 82 separate separate JJ 40119 592 83 images image NNS 40119 592 84 of of IN 40119 592 85 the the DT 40119 592 86 filament filament NN 40119 592 87 , , , 40119 592 88 some some DT 40119 592 89 being be VBG 40119 592 90 brighter bright JJR 40119 592 91 than than IN 40119 592 92 others other NNS 40119 592 93 , , , 40119 592 94 as as IN 40119 592 95 is be VBZ 40119 592 96 shown show VBN 40119 592 97 in in IN 40119 592 98 the the DT 40119 592 99 diagram diagram NN 40119 592 100 Fig Fig NNP 40119 592 101 . . . 40119 593 1 23 23 CD 40119 593 2 . . . 40119 594 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 594 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 594 3 : : : 40119 594 4 _ _ NNP 40119 594 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 594 6 . . . 40119 595 1 24A.--Images 24a.--images CD 40119 595 2 with with IN 40119 595 3 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 595 4 Slit Slit NNP 40119 595 5 . . . 40119 595 6 _ _ NNP 40119 595 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 595 8 [ [ -LRB- 40119 595 9 Illustration illustration NN 40119 595 10 : : : 40119 595 11 _ _ NNP 40119 595 12 Fig Fig NNP 40119 595 13 . . . 40119 596 1 24B.--Images 24b.--images CD 40119 596 2 with with IN 40119 596 3 vertical vertical JJ 40119 596 4 Slit Slit NNP 40119 596 5 . . . 40119 596 6 _ _ NNP 40119 596 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 596 8 If if IN 40119 596 9 a a DT 40119 596 10 spectroscope spectroscope NN 40119 596 11 slit slit NN 40119 596 12 was be VBD 40119 596 13 interposed interpose VBN 40119 596 14 between between IN 40119 596 15 the the DT 40119 596 16 eye eye NN 40119 596 17 and and CC 40119 596 18 the the DT 40119 596 19 lens lens NN 40119 596 20 , , , 40119 596 21 and and CC 40119 596 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 596 23 width width NN 40119 596 24 suitably suitably RB 40119 596 25 adjusted adjust VBN 40119 596 26 , , , 40119 596 27 only only RB 40119 596 28 a a DT 40119 596 29 single single JJ 40119 596 30 row row NN 40119 596 31 of of IN 40119 596 32 filaments filament NNS 40119 596 33 was be VBD 40119 596 34 observed observe VBN 40119 596 35 , , , 40119 596 36 the the DT 40119 596 37 appearances appearance NNS 40119 596 38 with with IN 40119 596 39 the the DT 40119 596 40 slit slit NN 40119 596 41 in in IN 40119 596 42 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 596 43 , , , 40119 596 44 vertical vertical JJ 40119 596 45 , , , 40119 596 46 and and CC 40119 596 47 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 596 48 positions position NNS 40119 596 49 being be VBG 40119 596 50 as as RB 40119 596 51 represented represent VBN 40119 596 52 in in IN 40119 596 53 Fig Fig NNP 40119 596 54 . . . 40119 597 1 24 24 CD 40119 597 2 , , , 40119 597 3 A a NN 40119 597 4 , , , 40119 597 5 B B NNP 40119 597 6 , , , 40119 597 7 C. C. NNP 40119 597 8 As as IN 40119 597 9 before before RB 40119 597 10 , , , 40119 597 11 it -PRON- PRP 40119 597 12 was be VBD 40119 597 13 found find VBN 40119 597 14 possible possible JJ 40119 597 15 by by IN 40119 597 16 gradually gradually RB 40119 597 17 retiring retire VBG 40119 597 18 from from IN 40119 597 19 the the DT 40119 597 20 lamp lamp NN 40119 597 21 to to TO 40119 597 22 bring bring VB 40119 597 23 the the DT 40119 597 24 number number NN 40119 597 25 of of IN 40119 597 26 images image NNS 40119 597 27 up up IN 40119 597 28 to to IN 40119 597 29 about about RB 40119 597 30 twenty twenty CD 40119 597 31 - - HYPH 40119 597 32 five five CD 40119 597 33 , , , 40119 597 34 but but CC 40119 597 35 attentive attentive JJ 40119 597 36 examination examination NN 40119 597 37 showed show VBD 40119 597 38 that that IN 40119 597 39 most most JJS 40119 597 40 of of IN 40119 597 41 these these DT 40119 597 42 really really RB 40119 597 43 consisted consist VBD 40119 597 44 of of IN 40119 597 45 clusters cluster NNS 40119 597 46 , , , 40119 597 47 each each DT 40119 597 48 composed compose VBN 40119 597 49 of of IN 40119 597 50 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 597 51 fifteen fifteen CD 40119 597 52 or or CC 40119 597 53 twenty twenty CD 40119 597 54 confused confused JJ 40119 597 55 images image NNS 40119 597 56 of of IN 40119 597 57 the the DT 40119 597 58 filament filament NN 40119 597 59 . . . 40119 598 1 A a DT 40119 598 2 stronger strong JJR 40119 598 3 lens lens NN 40119 598 4 still still RB 40119 598 5 further further RB 40119 598 6 separated separate VBD 40119 598 7 the the DT 40119 598 8 constituents constituent NNS 40119 598 9 of of IN 40119 598 10 the the DT 40119 598 11 clusters cluster NNS 40119 598 12 , , , 40119 598 13 exhibiting exhibit VBG 40119 598 14 a a DT 40119 598 15 total total JJ 40119 598 16 number number NN 40119 598 17 of of IN 40119 598 18 indistinctly indistinctly RB 40119 598 19 seen see VBN 40119 598 20 images image NNS 40119 598 21 which which WDT 40119 598 22 was be VBD 40119 598 23 estimated estimate VBN 40119 598 24 to to TO 40119 598 25 amount amount VB 40119 598 26 to to IN 40119 598 27 nearly nearly RB 40119 598 28 five five CD 40119 598 29 hundred hundred CD 40119 598 30 . . . 40119 599 1 Assuming assume VBG 40119 599 2 the the DT 40119 599 3 diameter diameter NN 40119 599 4 of of IN 40119 599 5 the the DT 40119 599 6 pupil pupil NN 40119 599 7 of of IN 40119 599 8 the the DT 40119 599 9 eye eye NN 40119 599 10 to to TO 40119 599 11 be be VB 40119 599 12 one one CD 40119 599 13 - - HYPH 40119 599 14 fifth fifth NN 40119 599 15 of of IN 40119 599 16 an an DT 40119 599 17 inch inch NN 40119 599 18 , , , 40119 599 19 these these DT 40119 599 20 observations observation NNS 40119 599 21 seem seem VBP 40119 599 22 to to TO 40119 599 23 indicate indicate VB 40119 599 24 as as IN 40119 599 25 a a DT 40119 599 26 cause cause NN 40119 599 27 of of IN 40119 599 28 the the DT 40119 599 29 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 599 30 some some DT 40119 599 31 fairly fairly RB 40119 599 32 regular regular JJ 40119 599 33 anatomical anatomical JJ 40119 599 34 structure structure NN 40119 599 35 , , , 40119 599 36 situated situate VBN 40119 599 37 in in IN 40119 599 38 or or CC 40119 599 39 near near IN 40119 599 40 the the DT 40119 599 41 crystalline crystalline JJ 40119 599 42 lens lens NN 40119 599 43 and and CC 40119 599 44 composed compose VBN 40119 599 45 of of IN 40119 599 46 elements element NNS 40119 599 47 measuring measure VBG 40119 599 48 about about IN 40119 599 49 1/2000 1/2000 CD 40119 599 50 inch inch NN 40119 599 51 in in IN 40119 599 52 length length NN 40119 599 53 or or CC 40119 599 54 breadth breadth NN 40119 599 55 . . . 40119 600 1 Whether whether IN 40119 600 2 the the DT 40119 600 3 structure structure NN 40119 600 4 which which WDT 40119 600 5 gives give VBZ 40119 600 6 rise rise NN 40119 600 7 to to IN 40119 600 8 these these DT 40119 600 9 multiple multiple JJ 40119 600 10 images image NNS 40119 600 11 is be VBZ 40119 600 12 to to TO 40119 600 13 be be VB 40119 600 14 found find VBN 40119 600 15 in in IN 40119 600 16 the the DT 40119 600 17 fibres fibre NNS 40119 600 18 of of IN 40119 600 19 the the DT 40119 600 20 crystalline crystalline JJ 40119 600 21 lens lens NN 40119 600 22 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 600 23 , , , 40119 600 24 or or CC 40119 600 25 in in IN 40119 600 26 the the DT 40119 600 27 membranes membrane NNS 40119 600 28 which which WDT 40119 600 29 cover cover VBP 40119 600 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 600 31 , , , 40119 600 32 is be VBZ 40119 600 33 a a DT 40119 600 34 question question NN 40119 600 35 upon upon IN 40119 600 36 which which WDT 40119 600 37 I -PRON- PRP 40119 600 38 will will MD 40119 600 39 not not RB 40119 600 40 venture venture VB 40119 600 41 an an DT 40119 600 42 opinion opinion NN 40119 600 43 . . . 40119 601 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 601 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 601 3 : : : 40119 601 4 _ _ NNP 40119 601 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 601 6 . . . 40119 602 1 24C.--Images 24c.--images CD 40119 602 2 with with IN 40119 602 3 oblique oblique JJ 40119 602 4 Slit Slit NNP 40119 602 5 . . . 40119 602 6 _ _ NNP 40119 602 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 602 8 It -PRON- PRP 40119 602 9 is be VBZ 40119 602 10 indeed indeed RB 40119 602 11 wonderful wonderful JJ 40119 602 12 that that IN 40119 602 13 an an DT 40119 602 14 organ organ NN 40119 602 15 affected affect VBN 40119 602 16 by by IN 40119 602 17 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 40119 602 18 of of IN 40119 602 19 which which WDT 40119 602 20 those those DT 40119 602 21 that that WDT 40119 602 22 have have VBP 40119 602 23 been be VBN 40119 602 24 referred refer VBN 40119 602 25 to to TO 40119 602 26 are be VBP 40119 602 27 merely merely RB 40119 602 28 specimens specimen NNS 40119 602 29 , , , 40119 602 30 should should MD 40119 602 31 give give VB 40119 602 32 such such JJ 40119 602 33 well well RB 40119 602 34 - - HYPH 40119 602 35 defined define VBN 40119 602 36 pictures picture NNS 40119 602 37 as as IN 40119 602 38 it -PRON- PRP 40119 602 39 does do VBZ 40119 602 40 when when WRB 40119 602 41 accommodated accommodate VBN 40119 602 42 for for IN 40119 602 43 the the DT 40119 602 44 objects object NNS 40119 602 45 looked look VBD 40119 602 46 at at IN 40119 602 47 . . . 40119 603 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 603 2 IV IV NNP 40119 603 3 . . . 40119 604 1 SOME some DT 40119 604 2 OPTICAL optical NN 40119 604 3 ILLUSIONS illusion NNS 40119 604 4 . . . 40119 605 1 Optical optical JJ 40119 605 2 illusions illusion NNS 40119 605 3 generally generally RB 40119 605 4 result result VBP 40119 605 5 from from IN 40119 605 6 the the DT 40119 605 7 mind mind NN 40119 605 8 's 's POS 40119 605 9 faulty faulty JJ 40119 605 10 interpretation interpretation NN 40119 605 11 of of IN 40119 605 12 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 605 13 presented present VBN 40119 605 14 to to IN 40119 605 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 605 16 through through IN 40119 605 17 the the DT 40119 605 18 medium medium NN 40119 605 19 of of IN 40119 605 20 the the DT 40119 605 21 visual visual JJ 40119 605 22 organs organ NNS 40119 605 23 . . . 40119 606 1 They -PRON- PRP 40119 606 2 are be VBP 40119 606 3 of of IN 40119 606 4 many many JJ 40119 606 5 different different JJ 40119 606 6 kinds kind NNS 40119 606 7 , , , 40119 606 8 but but CC 40119 606 9 a a DT 40119 606 10 large large JJ 40119 606 11 class class NN 40119 606 12 , , , 40119 606 13 which which WDT 40119 606 14 at at IN 40119 606 15 first first JJ 40119 606 16 sight sight NN 40119 606 17 may may MD 40119 606 18 seem seem VB 40119 606 19 to to TO 40119 606 20 have have VB 40119 606 21 little little JJ 40119 606 22 or or CC 40119 606 23 nothing nothing NN 40119 606 24 in in IN 40119 606 25 common common JJ 40119 606 26 , , , 40119 606 27 arise arise VB 40119 606 28 , , , 40119 606 29 I -PRON- PRP 40119 606 30 believe believe VBP 40119 606 31 , , , 40119 606 32 from from IN 40119 606 33 a a DT 40119 606 34 single single JJ 40119 606 35 cause cause NN 40119 606 36 , , , 40119 606 37 namely namely RB 40119 606 38 , , , 40119 606 39 the the DT 40119 606 40 inability inability NN 40119 606 41 of of IN 40119 606 42 the the DT 40119 606 43 mind mind NN 40119 606 44 to to TO 40119 606 45 form form VB 40119 606 46 and and CC 40119 606 47 adhere adhere VB 40119 606 48 to to IN 40119 606 49 a a DT 40119 606 50 definite definite JJ 40119 606 51 scale scale NN 40119 606 52 or or CC 40119 606 53 standard standard NN 40119 606 54 of of IN 40119 606 55 measurement measurement NN 40119 606 56 . . . 40119 607 1 In in IN 40119 607 2 specifying specify VBG 40119 607 3 quantities quantity NNS 40119 607 4 and and CC 40119 607 5 qualities quality NNS 40119 607 6 by by IN 40119 607 7 physical physical JJ 40119 607 8 methods method NNS 40119 607 9 , , , 40119 607 10 the the DT 40119 607 11 standards standard NNS 40119 607 12 of of IN 40119 607 13 reference reference NN 40119 607 14 that that WDT 40119 607 15 we -PRON- PRP 40119 607 16 employ employ VBP 40119 607 17 are be VBP 40119 607 18 invariable invariable JJ 40119 607 19 . . . 40119 608 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 608 2 may may MD 40119 608 3 , , , 40119 608 4 for for IN 40119 608 5 example example NN 40119 608 6 , , , 40119 608 7 measure measure VB 40119 608 8 a a DT 40119 608 9 length length NN 40119 608 10 by by IN 40119 608 11 reference reference NN 40119 608 12 to to IN 40119 608 13 a a DT 40119 608 14 rule rule NN 40119 608 15 , , , 40119 608 16 an an DT 40119 608 17 interval interval NN 40119 608 18 of of IN 40119 608 19 time time NN 40119 608 20 by by IN 40119 608 21 a a DT 40119 608 22 clock clock NN 40119 608 23 , , , 40119 608 24 a a DT 40119 608 25 mass mass NN 40119 608 26 or or CC 40119 608 27 weight weight NN 40119 608 28 by by IN 40119 608 29 comparison comparison NN 40119 608 30 with with IN 40119 608 31 standardised standardised JJ 40119 608 32 lumps lump NNS 40119 608 33 of of IN 40119 608 34 metal metal NN 40119 608 35 , , , 40119 608 36 and and CC 40119 608 37 in in IN 40119 608 38 all all DT 40119 608 39 such such JJ 40119 608 40 cases case NNS 40119 608 41 -- -- : 40119 608 42 provided provide VBN 40119 608 43 that that IN 40119 608 44 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 608 45 instruments instrument NNS 40119 608 46 are be VBP 40119 608 47 good good JJ 40119 608 48 ones one NNS 40119 608 49 and and CC 40119 608 50 skilfully skilfully RB 40119 608 51 used use VBN 40119 608 52 -- -- : 40119 608 53 we -PRON- PRP 40119 608 54 have have VBP 40119 608 55 every every DT 40119 608 56 confidence confidence NN 40119 608 57 in in IN 40119 608 58 the the DT 40119 608 59 constancy constancy NN 40119 608 60 and and CC 40119 608 61 uniformity uniformity NN 40119 608 62 of of IN 40119 608 63 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 608 64 results result NNS 40119 608 65 . . . 40119 609 1 But but CC 40119 609 2 two two CD 40119 609 3 lengths length NNS 40119 609 4 , , , 40119 609 5 which which WDT 40119 609 6 when when WRB 40119 609 7 tested test VBN 40119 609 8 with with IN 40119 609 9 the the DT 40119 609 10 same same JJ 40119 609 11 foot foot NN 40119 609 12 rule rule NN 40119 609 13 are be VBP 40119 609 14 found find VBN 40119 609 15 to to TO 40119 609 16 be be VB 40119 609 17 exactly exactly RB 40119 609 18 equal equal JJ 40119 609 19 , , , 40119 609 20 are be VBP 40119 609 21 not not RB 40119 609 22 necessarily necessarily RB 40119 609 23 equal equal JJ 40119 609 24 in in IN 40119 609 25 the the DT 40119 609 26 estimate estimate NN 40119 609 27 formed form VBN 40119 609 28 of of IN 40119 609 29 them -PRON- PRP 40119 609 30 by by IN 40119 609 31 the the DT 40119 609 32 mind mind NN 40119 609 33 . . . 40119 610 1 Look look VB 40119 610 2 , , , 40119 610 3 for for IN 40119 610 4 instance instance NN 40119 610 5 , , , 40119 610 6 at at IN 40119 610 7 the the DT 40119 610 8 two two CD 40119 610 9 lines line NNS 40119 610 10 in in IN 40119 610 11 Fig Fig NNP 40119 610 12 . . . 40119 611 1 25 25 CD 40119 611 2 . . . 40119 612 1 According accord VBG 40119 612 2 to to IN 40119 612 3 the the DT 40119 612 4 foot foot NN 40119 612 5 rule rule VB 40119 612 6 each each DT 40119 612 7 of of IN 40119 612 8 them -PRON- PRP 40119 612 9 is be VBZ 40119 612 10 just just RB 40119 612 11 one one CD 40119 612 12 inch inch NN 40119 612 13 in in IN 40119 612 14 length length NN 40119 612 15 , , , 40119 612 16 but but CC 40119 612 17 the the DT 40119 612 18 mind mind NN 40119 612 19 unhesitatingly unhesitatingly RB 40119 612 20 pronounces pronounce VBZ 40119 612 21 the the DT 40119 612 22 upright upright JJ 40119 612 23 one one NN 40119 612 24 to to TO 40119 612 25 be be VB 40119 612 26 considerably considerably RB 40119 612 27 longer long JJR 40119 612 28 than than IN 40119 612 29 the the DT 40119 612 30 other other JJ 40119 612 31 ; ; : 40119 612 32 the the DT 40119 612 33 standard standard NN 40119 612 34 which which WDT 40119 612 35 it -PRON- PRP 40119 612 36 applies apply VBZ 40119 612 37 is be VBZ 40119 612 38 not not RB 40119 612 39 , , , 40119 612 40 like like IN 40119 612 41 a a DT 40119 612 42 physical physical JJ 40119 612 43 one one NN 40119 612 44 , , , 40119 612 45 identical identical JJ 40119 612 46 in in IN 40119 612 47 the the DT 40119 612 48 two two CD 40119 612 49 cases case NNS 40119 612 50 . . . 40119 613 1 Many many JJ 40119 613 2 other other JJ 40119 613 3 examples example NNS 40119 613 4 might may MD 40119 613 5 be be VB 40119 613 6 cited cite VBN 40119 613 7 illustrative illustrative JJ 40119 613 8 of of IN 40119 613 9 the the DT 40119 613 10 general general JJ 40119 613 11 uncertainty uncertainty NN 40119 613 12 of of IN 40119 613 13 mental mental JJ 40119 613 14 estimates estimate NNS 40119 613 15 . . . 40119 614 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 614 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 614 3 : : : 40119 614 4 _ _ NNP 40119 614 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 614 6 . . . 40119 615 1 25.--Illusion 25.--illusion CD 40119 615 2 of of IN 40119 615 3 Length Length NNP 40119 615 4 . . . 40119 615 5 _ _ NNP 40119 615 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 615 7 The the DT 40119 615 8 variation variation NN 40119 615 9 of of IN 40119 615 10 the the DT 40119 615 11 vague vague JJ 40119 615 12 mental mental JJ 40119 615 13 standard standard NN 40119 615 14 which which WDT 40119 615 15 we -PRON- PRP 40119 615 16 unconsciously unconsciously RB 40119 615 17 employ employ VBP 40119 615 18 seems seem VBZ 40119 615 19 to to TO 40119 615 20 be be VB 40119 615 21 governed govern VBN 40119 615 22 by by IN 40119 615 23 a a DT 40119 615 24 law law NN 40119 615 25 of of IN 40119 615 26 very very RB 40119 615 27 wide wide JJ 40119 615 28 if if IN 40119 615 29 not not RB 40119 615 30 universal universal JJ 40119 615 31 application application NN 40119 615 32 . . . 40119 616 1 Though though IN 40119 616 2 this this DT 40119 616 3 law law NN 40119 616 4 is be VBZ 40119 616 5 in in IN 40119 616 6 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 616 7 simple simple JJ 40119 616 8 and and CC 40119 616 9 intelligible intelligible JJ 40119 616 10 enough enough RB 40119 616 11 , , , 40119 616 12 it -PRON- PRP 40119 616 13 can can MD 40119 616 14 not not RB 40119 616 15 easily easily RB 40119 616 16 be be VB 40119 616 17 formulated formulate VBN 40119 616 18 in in IN 40119 616 19 terms term NNS 40119 616 20 of of IN 40119 616 21 adequate adequate JJ 40119 616 22 generality generality NN 40119 616 23 . . . 40119 617 1 The the DT 40119 617 2 best good JJS 40119 617 3 result result NN 40119 617 4 of of IN 40119 617 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 617 6 efforts effort NNS 40119 617 7 is be VBZ 40119 617 8 the the DT 40119 617 9 following follow VBG 40119 617 10 unwieldy unwieldy JJ 40119 617 11 statement:--The statement:--the JJ 40119 617 12 mental mental JJ 40119 617 13 standard standard NN 40119 617 14 which which WDT 40119 617 15 is be VBZ 40119 617 16 applied apply VBN 40119 617 17 in in IN 40119 617 18 the the DT 40119 617 19 estimation estimation NN 40119 617 20 of of IN 40119 617 21 a a DT 40119 617 22 quality quality NN 40119 617 23 or or CC 40119 617 24 a a DT 40119 617 25 condition condition NN 40119 617 26 tends tend VBZ 40119 617 27 to to TO 40119 617 28 assimilate assimilate VB 40119 617 29 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 617 30 , , , 40119 617 31 as as IN 40119 617 32 regards regard VBZ 40119 617 33 the the DT 40119 617 34 quality quality NN 40119 617 35 or or CC 40119 617 36 condition condition NN 40119 617 37 in in IN 40119 617 38 question question NN 40119 617 39 , , , 40119 617 40 to to IN 40119 617 41 the the DT 40119 617 42 object object NN 40119 617 43 or or CC 40119 617 44 other other JJ 40119 617 45 entity entity NN 40119 617 46 under under IN 40119 617 47 comparison comparison NN 40119 617 48 of of IN 40119 617 49 which which WDT 40119 617 50 the the DT 40119 617 51 same same JJ 40119 617 52 ( ( -LRB- 40119 617 53 quality quality NN 40119 617 54 or or CC 40119 617 55 condition condition NN 40119 617 56 ) ) -RRB- 40119 617 57 is be VBZ 40119 617 58 an an DT 40119 617 59 attribute attribute NN 40119 617 60 . . . 40119 618 1 In in IN 40119 618 2 plainer plainer NN 40119 618 3 but but CC 40119 618 4 less less RBR 40119 618 5 precise precise JJ 40119 618 6 language language NN 40119 618 7 , , , 40119 618 8 there there EX 40119 618 9 is be VBZ 40119 618 10 a a DT 40119 618 11 disposition disposition NN 40119 618 12 to to TO 40119 618 13 minimise minimise VB 40119 618 14 extremes extreme NNS 40119 618 15 of of IN 40119 618 16 whatever whatever WDT 40119 618 17 kind kind NN 40119 618 18 ; ; : 40119 618 19 to to TO 40119 618 20 underestimate underestimate VB 40119 618 21 any any DT 40119 618 22 deviation deviation NN 40119 618 23 from from IN 40119 618 24 a a DT 40119 618 25 mean mean JJ 40119 618 26 or or CC 40119 618 27 average average JJ 40119 618 28 state state NN 40119 618 29 of of IN 40119 618 30 things thing NNS 40119 618 31 , , , 40119 618 32 and and CC 40119 618 33 consequently consequently RB 40119 618 34 to to TO 40119 618 35 vary vary VB 40119 618 36 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 618 37 conception conception NN 40119 618 38 of of IN 40119 618 39 the the DT 40119 618 40 mean mean JJ 40119 618 41 or or CC 40119 618 42 standard standard JJ 40119 618 43 condition condition NN 40119 618 44 in in IN 40119 618 45 such such PDT 40119 618 46 a a DT 40119 618 47 manner manner NN 40119 618 48 that that IN 40119 618 49 the the DT 40119 618 50 deviation deviation NN 40119 618 51 from from IN 40119 618 52 it -PRON- PRP 40119 618 53 which which WDT 40119 618 54 is be VBZ 40119 618 55 presented present VBN 40119 618 56 to to IN 40119 618 57 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 618 58 notice notice NN 40119 618 59 in in IN 40119 618 60 any any DT 40119 618 61 particular particular JJ 40119 618 62 instance instance NN 40119 618 63 may may MD 40119 618 64 seem seem VB 40119 618 65 to to TO 40119 618 66 be be VB 40119 618 67 small small JJ 40119 618 68 rather rather RB 40119 618 69 than than IN 40119 618 70 large large JJ 40119 618 71 . . . 40119 619 1 Thus thus RB 40119 619 2 , , , 40119 619 3 when when WRB 40119 619 4 we -PRON- PRP 40119 619 5 look look VBP 40119 619 6 at at IN 40119 619 7 a a DT 40119 619 8 thing thing NN 40119 619 9 which which WDT 40119 619 10 impresses impress VBZ 40119 619 11 us -PRON- PRP 40119 619 12 as as IN 40119 619 13 being be VBG 40119 619 14 long long JJ 40119 619 15 or or CC 40119 619 16 tall tall JJ 40119 619 17 , , , 40119 619 18 the the DT 40119 619 19 mental mental JJ 40119 619 20 standard standard NN 40119 619 21 of of IN 40119 619 22 length length NN 40119 619 23 is be VBZ 40119 619 24 at at IN 40119 619 25 once once RB 40119 619 26 increased increase VBN 40119 619 27 . . . 40119 620 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 620 2 is be VBZ 40119 620 3 as as IN 40119 620 4 if if IN 40119 620 5 , , , 40119 620 6 in in IN 40119 620 7 making make VBG 40119 620 8 a a DT 40119 620 9 physical physical JJ 40119 620 10 measurement measurement NN 40119 620 11 , , , 40119 620 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 620 13 foot foot NN 40119 620 14 rule rule NN 40119 620 15 were be VBD 40119 620 16 automatically automatically RB 40119 620 17 to to TO 40119 620 18 add add VB 40119 620 19 some some DT 40119 620 20 inches inch NNS 40119 620 21 to to IN 40119 620 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 620 23 length length NN 40119 620 24 , , , 40119 620 25 while while IN 40119 620 26 still still RB 40119 620 27 supposed suppose VBN 40119 620 28 to to TO 40119 620 29 represent represent VB 40119 620 30 a a DT 40119 620 31 standard standard JJ 40119 620 32 foot foot NN 40119 620 33 : : : 40119 620 34 clearly clearly RB 40119 620 35 anything anything NN 40119 620 36 measured measure VBN 40119 620 37 by by IN 40119 620 38 means mean NNS 40119 620 39 of of IN 40119 620 40 the the DT 40119 620 41 augmented augment VBN 40119 620 42 rule rule NN 40119 620 43 would would MD 40119 620 44 seem seem VB 40119 620 45 to to TO 40119 620 46 contain contain VB 40119 620 47 a a DT 40119 620 48 fewer few JJR 40119 620 49 number number NN 40119 620 50 of of IN 40119 620 51 feet foot NNS 40119 620 52 , , , 40119 620 53 and and CC 40119 620 54 , , , 40119 620 55 therefore therefore RB 40119 620 56 , , , 40119 620 57 to to TO 40119 620 58 be be VB 40119 620 59 shorter short JJR 40119 620 60 than than IN 40119 620 61 if if IN 40119 620 62 the the DT 40119 620 63 rule rule NN 40119 620 64 had have VBD 40119 620 65 not not RB 40119 620 66 undergone undergo VBN 40119 620 67 a a DT 40119 620 68 change change NN 40119 620 69 . . . 40119 621 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 621 2 is be VBZ 40119 621 3 not not RB 40119 621 4 an an DT 40119 621 5 uncommon uncommon JJ 40119 621 6 thing thing NN 40119 621 7 for for IN 40119 621 8 people people NNS 40119 621 9 visiting visit VBG 40119 621 10 Switzerland Switzerland NNP 40119 621 11 for for IN 40119 621 12 the the DT 40119 621 13 first first JJ 40119 621 14 time time NN 40119 621 15 to to TO 40119 621 16 express express VB 40119 621 17 disappointment disappointment NN 40119 621 18 at at IN 40119 621 19 the the DT 40119 621 20 apparently apparently RB 40119 621 21 small small JJ 40119 621 22 height height NN 40119 621 23 of of IN 40119 621 24 the the DT 40119 621 25 mountains mountain NNS 40119 621 26 . . . 40119 622 1 A a DT 40119 622 2 mountain mountain NN 40119 622 3 of of IN 40119 622 4 10,000 10,000 CD 40119 622 5 feet foot NNS 40119 622 6 certainly certainly RB 40119 622 7 does do VBZ 40119 622 8 not not RB 40119 622 9 seem seem VB 40119 622 10 to to TO 40119 622 11 be be VB 40119 622 12 twenty twenty CD 40119 622 13 times time NNS 40119 622 14 as as RB 40119 622 15 lofty lofty JJ 40119 622 16 as as IN 40119 622 17 a a DT 40119 622 18 hill hill NN 40119 622 19 of of IN 40119 622 20 500 500 CD 40119 622 21 . . . 40119 623 1 The the DT 40119 623 2 fact fact NN 40119 623 3 is be VBZ 40119 623 4 that that IN 40119 623 5 a a DT 40119 623 6 different different JJ 40119 623 7 scale scale NN 40119 623 8 of of IN 40119 623 9 measurement measurement NN 40119 623 10 is be VBZ 40119 623 11 applied apply VBN 40119 623 12 in in IN 40119 623 13 the the DT 40119 623 14 two two CD 40119 623 15 cases case NNS 40119 623 16 ; ; : 40119 623 17 though though IN 40119 623 18 the the DT 40119 623 19 observer observer NN 40119 623 20 is be VBZ 40119 623 21 unaware unaware JJ 40119 623 22 of of IN 40119 623 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 623 24 , , , 40119 623 25 the the DT 40119 623 26 mountain mountain NN 40119 623 27 is be VBZ 40119 623 28 estimated estimate VBN 40119 623 29 in in IN 40119 623 30 terms term NNS 40119 623 31 of of IN 40119 623 32 a a DT 40119 623 33 larger large JJR 40119 623 34 unit unit NN 40119 623 35 than than IN 40119 623 36 the the DT 40119 623 37 hill hill NN 40119 623 38 . . . 40119 624 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 624 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 624 3 : : : 40119 624 4 _ _ NNP 40119 624 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 624 6 . . . 40119 625 1 26.--Illusion 26.--illusion CD 40119 625 2 of of IN 40119 625 3 Length Length NNP 40119 625 4 . . . 40119 625 5 _ _ NNP 40119 625 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 625 7 If if IN 40119 625 8 we -PRON- PRP 40119 625 9 mentally mentally RB 40119 625 10 compare compare VBP 40119 625 11 two two CD 40119 625 12 adjacent adjacent JJ 40119 625 13 things thing NNS 40119 625 14 of of IN 40119 625 15 unequal unequal JJ 40119 625 16 length length NN 40119 625 17 , , , 40119 625 18 such such JJ 40119 625 19 as as IN 40119 625 20 the the DT 40119 625 21 two two CD 40119 625 22 straight straight JJ 40119 625 23 lines line NNS 40119 625 24 in in IN 40119 625 25 Fig Fig NNP 40119 625 26 . . . 40119 626 1 26 26 CD 40119 626 2 , , , 40119 626 3 there there EX 40119 626 4 is be VBZ 40119 626 5 a a DT 40119 626 6 tendency tendency NN 40119 626 7 to to TO 40119 626 8 regard regard VB 40119 626 9 the the DT 40119 626 10 shorter short JJR 40119 626 11 one one NN 40119 626 12 as as RB 40119 626 13 longer long JJR 40119 626 14 than than IN 40119 626 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 626 16 would would MD 40119 626 17 appear appear VB 40119 626 18 if if IN 40119 626 19 seen see VBN 40119 626 20 alone alone RB 40119 626 21 , , , 40119 626 22 and and CC 40119 626 23 the the DT 40119 626 24 longer long JJR 40119 626 25 one one NN 40119 626 26 as as RB 40119 626 27 shorter short JJR 40119 626 28 . . . 40119 627 1 The the DT 40119 627 2 lower low JJR 40119 627 3 of of IN 40119 627 4 the the DT 40119 627 5 two two CD 40119 627 6 lines line NNS 40119 627 7 in in IN 40119 627 8 the the DT 40119 627 9 figure figure NN 40119 627 10 is be VBZ 40119 627 11 just just RB 40119 627 12 twice twice RB 40119 627 13 as as RB 40119 627 14 long long RB 40119 627 15 as as IN 40119 627 16 the the DT 40119 627 17 other other JJ 40119 627 18 , , , 40119 627 19 but but CC 40119 627 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 627 21 does do VBZ 40119 627 22 not not RB 40119 627 23 look look VB 40119 627 24 so so RB 40119 627 25 ; ; : 40119 627 26 each each DT 40119 627 27 is be VBZ 40119 627 28 regarded regard VBN 40119 627 29 as as IN 40119 627 30 differing differ VBG 40119 627 31 less less JJR 40119 627 32 than than IN 40119 627 33 it -PRON- PRP 40119 627 34 really really RB 40119 627 35 does do VBZ 40119 627 36 from from IN 40119 627 37 an an DT 40119 627 38 imaginary imaginary JJ 40119 627 39 line line NN 40119 627 40 of of IN 40119 627 41 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 627 42 length length NN 40119 627 43 . . . 40119 628 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 628 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 628 3 : : : 40119 628 4 _ _ NNP 40119 628 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 628 6 . . . 40119 629 1 27.--Illusion 27.--illusion CD 40119 629 2 of of IN 40119 629 3 Length Length NNP 40119 629 4 . . . 40119 629 5 _ _ NNP 40119 629 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 629 7 Two two CD 40119 629 8 divergently divergently RB 40119 629 9 oblique oblique JJ 40119 629 10 lines line NNS 40119 629 11 attached attach VBN 40119 629 12 to to IN 40119 629 13 the the DT 40119 629 14 ends end NNS 40119 629 15 of of IN 40119 629 16 a a DT 40119 629 17 straight straight JJ 40119 629 18 line line NN 40119 629 19 as as IN 40119 629 20 at at IN 40119 629 21 A A NNP 40119 629 22 , , , 40119 629 23 Fig Fig NNP 40119 629 24 . . . 40119 630 1 27 27 CD 40119 630 2 , , , 40119 630 3 suggest suggest VBP 40119 630 4 to to IN 40119 630 5 the the DT 40119 630 6 mind mind NN 40119 630 7 the the DT 40119 630 8 idea idea NN 40119 630 9 of of IN 40119 630 10 lengths length NNS 40119 630 11 greater great JJR 40119 630 12 than than IN 40119 630 13 that that DT 40119 630 14 of of IN 40119 630 15 the the DT 40119 630 16 straight straight JJ 40119 630 17 line line NN 40119 630 18 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 630 19 ; ; : 40119 630 20 the the DT 40119 630 21 latter latter JJ 40119 630 22 , , , 40119 630 23 being be VBG 40119 630 24 thought think VBN 40119 630 25 of of IN 40119 630 26 as as IN 40119 630 27 comparatively comparatively RB 40119 630 28 small small JJ 40119 630 29 , , , 40119 630 30 is be VBZ 40119 630 31 therefore therefore RB 40119 630 32 estimated estimate VBN 40119 630 33 in in IN 40119 630 34 terms term NNS 40119 630 35 of of IN 40119 630 36 a a DT 40119 630 37 smaller small JJR 40119 630 38 unit unit NN 40119 630 39 than than IN 40119 630 40 would would MD 40119 630 41 be be VB 40119 630 42 employed employ VBN 40119 630 43 if if IN 40119 630 44 the the DT 40119 630 45 attachments attachment NNS 40119 630 46 were be VBD 40119 630 47 absent absent JJ 40119 630 48 , , , 40119 630 49 and and CC 40119 630 50 consequently consequently RB 40119 630 51 appears appear VBZ 40119 630 52 longer long RBR 40119 630 53 . . . 40119 631 1 If if IN 40119 631 2 , , , 40119 631 3 on on IN 40119 631 4 the the DT 40119 631 5 other other JJ 40119 631 6 hand hand NN 40119 631 7 , , , 40119 631 8 the the DT 40119 631 9 attachments attachment NNS 40119 631 10 are be VBP 40119 631 11 made make VBN 40119 631 12 convergent convergent NN 40119 631 13 , , , 40119 631 14 as as IN 40119 631 15 at at IN 40119 631 16 B b NN 40119 631 17 , , , 40119 631 18 shorter short JJR 40119 631 19 lengths length NNS 40119 631 20 are be VBP 40119 631 21 suggested suggest VBN 40119 631 22 ; ; : 40119 631 23 the the DT 40119 631 24 length length NN 40119 631 25 of of IN 40119 631 26 the the DT 40119 631 27 given give VBN 40119 631 28 line line NN 40119 631 29 is be VBZ 40119 631 30 regarded regard VBN 40119 631 31 as as IN 40119 631 32 exceeding exceed VBG 40119 631 33 an an DT 40119 631 34 average average NN 40119 631 35 or or CC 40119 631 36 mean mean VB 40119 631 37 ; ; : 40119 631 38 the the DT 40119 631 39 standard standard NN 40119 631 40 applied apply VBD 40119 631 41 in in IN 40119 631 42 estimating estimate VBG 40119 631 43 it -PRON- PRP 40119 631 44 is be VBZ 40119 631 45 accordingly accordingly RB 40119 631 46 increased increase VBN 40119 631 47 , , , 40119 631 48 and and CC 40119 631 49 the the DT 40119 631 50 line line NN 40119 631 51 is be VBZ 40119 631 52 made make VBN 40119 631 53 to to TO 40119 631 54 seem seem VB 40119 631 55 unduly unduly RB 40119 631 56 short short JJ 40119 631 57 . . . 40119 632 1 In in IN 40119 632 2 spite spite NN 40119 632 3 of of IN 40119 632 4 appearances appearance NNS 40119 632 5 to to IN 40119 632 6 the the DT 40119 632 7 contrary contrary NN 40119 632 8 , , , 40119 632 9 the the DT 40119 632 10 two two CD 40119 632 11 lines line NNS 40119 632 12 A a NN 40119 632 13 and and CC 40119 632 14 B b NN 40119 632 15 are be VBP 40119 632 16 actually actually RB 40119 632 17 of of IN 40119 632 18 the the DT 40119 632 19 same same JJ 40119 632 20 length length NN 40119 632 21 . . . 40119 633 1 By by IN 40119 633 2 duplicating duplicate VBG 40119 633 3 the the DT 40119 633 4 attached attach VBN 40119 633 5 lines line NNS 40119 633 6 , , , 40119 633 7 as as IN 40119 633 8 shown show VBN 40119 633 9 in in IN 40119 633 10 Fig Fig NNP 40119 633 11 . . . 40119 634 1 28 28 CD 40119 634 2 , , , 40119 634 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 634 4 misleading misleading JJ 40119 634 5 effect effect NN 40119 634 6 becomes become VBZ 40119 634 7 intensified intensify VBN 40119 634 8 . . . 40119 635 1 Here here RB 40119 635 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 635 3 have have VBP 40119 635 4 a a DT 40119 635 5 well well RB 40119 635 6 - - HYPH 40119 635 7 known know VBN 40119 635 8 illusion illusion NN 40119 635 9 of of IN 40119 635 10 which which WDT 40119 635 11 several several JJ 40119 635 12 explanations explanation NNS 40119 635 13 have have VBP 40119 635 14 been be VBN 40119 635 15 proposed propose VBN 40119 635 16 . . . 40119 636 1 The the DT 40119 636 2 fallacy fallacy NN 40119 636 3 is be VBZ 40119 636 4 , , , 40119 636 5 I -PRON- PRP 40119 636 6 think think VBP 40119 636 7 , , , 40119 636 8 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 636 9 accounted account VBD 40119 636 10 for for IN 40119 636 11 by by IN 40119 636 12 variation variation NN 40119 636 13 of of IN 40119 636 14 the the DT 40119 636 15 mental mental JJ 40119 636 16 standard standard NN 40119 636 17 , , , 40119 636 18 in in IN 40119 636 19 accordance accordance NN 40119 636 20 with with IN 40119 636 21 the the DT 40119 636 22 law law NN 40119 636 23 to to TO 40119 636 24 which which WDT 40119 636 25 I -PRON- PRP 40119 636 26 have have VBP 40119 636 27 called call VBN 40119 636 28 attention attention NN 40119 636 29 . . . 40119 637 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 637 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 637 3 : : : 40119 637 4 _ _ NNP 40119 637 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 637 6 . . . 40119 638 1 28.--Illusion 28.--illusion CD 40119 638 2 of of IN 40119 638 3 Length Length NNP 40119 638 4 . . . 40119 638 5 _ _ NNP 40119 638 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 638 7 A a DT 40119 638 8 number number NN 40119 638 9 of of IN 40119 638 10 other other JJ 40119 638 11 paradoxical paradoxical JJ 40119 638 12 effects effect NNS 40119 638 13 may may MD 40119 638 14 be be VB 40119 638 15 referred refer VBN 40119 638 16 to to IN 40119 638 17 the the DT 40119 638 18 operation operation NN 40119 638 19 of of IN 40119 638 20 the the DT 40119 638 21 same same JJ 40119 638 22 law law NN 40119 638 23 . . . 40119 639 1 Fig fig NN 40119 639 2 . . . 40119 640 1 29 29 CD 40119 640 2 shows show VBZ 40119 640 3 a a DT 40119 640 4 curious curious JJ 40119 640 5 specimen speciman NNS 40119 640 6 . . . 40119 641 1 At at IN 40119 641 2 each each DT 40119 641 3 end end NN 40119 641 4 of of IN 40119 641 5 the the DT 40119 641 6 diagram diagram NN 40119 641 7 is be VBZ 40119 641 8 a a DT 40119 641 9 short short JJ 40119 641 10 upright upright JJ 40119 641 11 line line NN 40119 641 12 ; ; : 40119 641 13 exactly exactly RB 40119 641 14 in in IN 40119 641 15 the the DT 40119 641 16 middle middle NN 40119 641 17 is be VBZ 40119 641 18 another another DT 40119 641 19 ; ; : 40119 641 20 between between IN 40119 641 21 the the DT 40119 641 22 middle middle NN 40119 641 23 and and CC 40119 641 24 the the DT 40119 641 25 left left JJ 40119 641 26 hand hand NN 40119 641 27 end end NN 40119 641 28 are be VBP 40119 641 29 inserted insert VBN 40119 641 30 several several JJ 40119 641 31 more more JJR 40119 641 32 lines line NNS 40119 641 33 , , , 40119 641 34 the the DT 40119 641 35 space space NN 40119 641 36 to to IN 40119 641 37 the the DT 40119 641 38 right right NN 40119 641 39 of of IN 40119 641 40 the the DT 40119 641 41 middle middle NN 40119 641 42 being be VBG 40119 641 43 left leave VBN 40119 641 44 blank blank RB 40119 641 45 . . . 40119 642 1 Any any DT 40119 642 2 one one NN 40119 642 3 looking look VBG 40119 642 4 casually casually RB 40119 642 5 at at IN 40119 642 6 the the DT 40119 642 7 diagram diagram NN 40119 642 8 would would MD 40119 642 9 be be VB 40119 642 10 inclined incline VBN 40119 642 11 to to TO 40119 642 12 suppose suppose VB 40119 642 13 that that IN 40119 642 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 642 15 was be VBD 40119 642 16 not not RB 40119 642 17 equally equally RB 40119 642 18 divided divide VBN 40119 642 19 by by IN 40119 642 20 what what WP 40119 642 21 purports purport NNS 40119 642 22 to to TO 40119 642 23 be be VB 40119 642 24 the the DT 40119 642 25 middle middle JJ 40119 642 26 line line NN 40119 642 27 , , , 40119 642 28 the the DT 40119 642 29 left left JJ 40119 642 30 hand hand NN 40119 642 31 portion portion NN 40119 642 32 appearing appear VBG 40119 642 33 sensibly sensibly RB 40119 642 34 longer long RBR 40119 642 35 than than IN 40119 642 36 the the DT 40119 642 37 other other JJ 40119 642 38 . . . 40119 643 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 643 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 643 3 : : : 40119 643 4 _ _ NNP 40119 643 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 643 6 . . . 40119 644 1 29.--Illusion 29.--illusion CD 40119 644 2 of of IN 40119 644 3 Distance Distance NNP 40119 644 4 . . . 40119 644 5 _ _ NNP 40119 644 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 644 7 It -PRON- PRP 40119 644 8 is be VBZ 40119 644 9 not not RB 40119 644 10 difficult difficult JJ 40119 644 11 to to TO 40119 644 12 indicate indicate VB 40119 644 13 the the DT 40119 644 14 source source NN 40119 644 15 of of IN 40119 644 16 the the DT 40119 644 17 illusion illusion NN 40119 644 18 . . . 40119 645 1 When when WRB 40119 645 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 645 3 look look VBP 40119 645 4 at at IN 40119 645 5 the the DT 40119 645 6 left left JJ 40119 645 7 hand hand NN 40119 645 8 portion portion NN 40119 645 9 we -PRON- PRP 40119 645 10 attend attend VBP 40119 645 11 to to IN 40119 645 12 the the DT 40119 645 13 small small JJ 40119 645 14 subdivisions subdivision NNS 40119 645 15 , , , 40119 645 16 and and CC 40119 645 17 the the DT 40119 645 18 mental mental JJ 40119 645 19 unit unit NN 40119 645 20 becomes become VBZ 40119 645 21 correspondingly correspondingly RB 40119 645 22 small small JJ 40119 645 23 ; ; : 40119 645 24 while while IN 40119 645 25 in in IN 40119 645 26 the the DT 40119 645 27 estimation estimation NN 40119 645 28 of of IN 40119 645 29 the the DT 40119 645 30 portion portion NN 40119 645 31 which which WDT 40119 645 32 is be VBZ 40119 645 33 not not RB 40119 645 34 subdivided subdivide VBN 40119 645 35 a a DT 40119 645 36 larger large JJR 40119 645 37 unit unit NN 40119 645 38 is be VBZ 40119 645 39 applied apply VBN 40119 645 40 . . . 40119 646 1 As as IN 40119 646 2 one one CD 40119 646 3 more more JJR 40119 646 4 example example NN 40119 646 5 I -PRON- PRP 40119 646 6 may may MD 40119 646 7 refer refer VB 40119 646 8 to to IN 40119 646 9 a a DT 40119 646 10 familiar familiar JJ 40119 646 11 trap trap NN 40119 646 12 for for IN 40119 646 13 the the DT 40119 646 14 unwary unwary NN 40119 646 15 . . . 40119 647 1 Ask ask VB 40119 647 2 a a DT 40119 647 3 person person NN 40119 647 4 to to TO 40119 647 5 mark mark VB 40119 647 6 upon upon IN 40119 647 7 the the DT 40119 647 8 wall wall NN 40119 647 9 of of IN 40119 647 10 a a DT 40119 647 11 room room NN 40119 647 12 the the DT 40119 647 13 height height NN 40119 647 14 above above IN 40119 647 15 the the DT 40119 647 16 floor floor NN 40119 647 17 which which WDT 40119 647 18 he -PRON- PRP 40119 647 19 thinks think VBZ 40119 647 20 will will MD 40119 647 21 correspond correspond VB 40119 647 22 to to IN 40119 647 23 that that DT 40119 647 24 of of IN 40119 647 25 a a DT 40119 647 26 gentleman gentleman NN 40119 647 27 's 's POS 40119 647 28 tall tall JJ 40119 647 29 hat hat NN 40119 647 30 . . . 40119 648 1 Unless unless IN 40119 648 2 he -PRON- PRP 40119 648 3 has have VBZ 40119 648 4 been be VBN 40119 648 5 beguiled beguile VBN 40119 648 6 on on IN 40119 648 7 a a DT 40119 648 8 former former JJ 40119 648 9 occasion occasion NN 40119 648 10 , , , 40119 648 11 he -PRON- PRP 40119 648 12 will will MD 40119 648 13 certainly certainly RB 40119 648 14 place place VB 40119 648 15 the the DT 40119 648 16 mark mark NN 40119 648 17 several several JJ 40119 648 18 inches inch NNS 40119 648 19 too too RB 40119 648 20 high high JJ 40119 648 21 . . . 40119 649 1 Obviously obviously RB 40119 649 2 the the DT 40119 649 3 height height NN 40119 649 4 of of IN 40119 649 5 a a DT 40119 649 6 hat hat NN 40119 649 7 is be VBZ 40119 649 8 unconsciously unconsciously RB 40119 649 9 estimated estimate VBN 40119 649 10 in in IN 40119 649 11 terms term NNS 40119 649 12 of of IN 40119 649 13 a a DT 40119 649 14 smaller small JJR 40119 649 15 standard standard NN 40119 649 16 than than IN 40119 649 17 that that DT 40119 649 18 of of IN 40119 649 19 a a DT 40119 649 20 room room NN 40119 649 21 . . . 40119 650 1 The the DT 40119 650 2 illusion illusion NN 40119 650 3 presented present VBN 40119 650 4 by by IN 40119 650 5 the the DT 40119 650 6 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 650 7 and and CC 40119 650 8 vertical vertical JJ 40119 650 9 lines line NNS 40119 650 10 in in IN 40119 650 11 Fig Fig NNP 40119 650 12 . . . 40119 651 1 25 25 CD 40119 651 2 ( ( -LRB- 40119 651 3 p. p. NN 40119 651 4 132 132 CD 40119 651 5 ) ) -RRB- 40119 651 6 depends depend VBZ 40119 651 7 , , , 40119 651 8 though though IN 40119 651 9 a a DT 40119 651 10 little little JJ 40119 651 11 less less RBR 40119 651 12 directly directly RB 40119 651 13 , , , 40119 651 14 upon upon IN 40119 651 15 a a DT 40119 651 16 similar similar JJ 40119 651 17 cause cause NN 40119 651 18 . . . 40119 652 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 652 2 habitually habitually RB 40119 652 3 apply apply VBP 40119 652 4 a a DT 40119 652 5 larger large JJR 40119 652 6 standard standard NN 40119 652 7 in in IN 40119 652 8 the the DT 40119 652 9 estimation estimation NN 40119 652 10 of of IN 40119 652 11 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 652 12 than than IN 40119 652 13 of of IN 40119 652 14 vertical vertical JJ 40119 652 15 distances distance NNS 40119 652 16 , , , 40119 652 17 because because IN 40119 652 18 the the DT 40119 652 19 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 652 20 magnitudes magnitude NNS 40119 652 21 to to TO 40119 652 22 which which WDT 40119 652 23 we -PRON- PRP 40119 652 24 are be VBP 40119 652 25 accustomed accustomed JJ 40119 652 26 are be VBP 40119 652 27 upon upon IN 40119 652 28 the the DT 40119 652 29 whole whole JJ 40119 652 30 very very RB 40119 652 31 much much RB 40119 652 32 greater great JJR 40119 652 33 than than IN 40119 652 34 the the DT 40119 652 35 vertical vertical JJ 40119 652 36 ones one NNS 40119 652 37 . . . 40119 653 1 The the DT 40119 653 2 heights height NNS 40119 653 3 of of IN 40119 653 4 houses house NNS 40119 653 5 , , , 40119 653 6 towers tower NNS 40119 653 7 , , , 40119 653 8 spires spire NNS 40119 653 9 , , , 40119 653 10 trees tree NNS 40119 653 11 , , , 40119 653 12 or or CC 40119 653 13 even even RB 40119 653 14 mountains mountain NNS 40119 653 15 are be VBP 40119 653 16 insignificant insignificant JJ 40119 653 17 in in IN 40119 653 18 comparison comparison NN 40119 653 19 with with IN 40119 653 20 the the DT 40119 653 21 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 653 22 extension extension NN 40119 653 23 of of IN 40119 653 24 the the DT 40119 653 25 earth earth NN 40119 653 26 's 's POS 40119 653 27 surface surface NN 40119 653 28 , , , 40119 653 29 and and CC 40119 653 30 of of IN 40119 653 31 many many JJ 40119 653 32 things thing NNS 40119 653 33 upon upon IN 40119 653 34 it -PRON- PRP 40119 653 35 , , , 40119 653 36 to to TO 40119 653 37 which which WDT 40119 653 38 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 653 39 notice notice NN 40119 653 40 is be VBZ 40119 653 41 constantly constantly RB 40119 653 42 directed direct VBN 40119 653 43 . . . 40119 654 1 For for IN 40119 654 2 this this DT 40119 654 3 reason reason NN 40119 654 4 , , , 40119 654 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 654 6 have have VBP 40119 654 7 come come VBN 40119 654 8 to to TO 40119 654 9 associate associate JJ 40119 654 10 horizontality horizontality NN 40119 654 11 with with IN 40119 654 12 greater great JJR 40119 654 13 extension extension NN 40119 654 14 and and CC 40119 654 15 verticality verticality NN 40119 654 16 with with IN 40119 654 17 less less JJR 40119 654 18 , , , 40119 654 19 and and CC 40119 654 20 , , , 40119 654 21 in in IN 40119 654 22 conformity conformity NN 40119 654 23 with with IN 40119 654 24 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 654 25 law law NN 40119 654 26 , , , 40119 654 27 a a DT 40119 654 28 given give VBN 40119 654 29 distance distance NN 40119 654 30 appears appear VBZ 40119 654 31 longer long RBR 40119 654 32 when when WRB 40119 654 33 reckoned reckon VBN 40119 654 34 vertically vertically RB 40119 654 35 than than IN 40119 654 36 when when WRB 40119 654 37 reckoned reckon VBN 40119 654 38 horizontally horizontally RB 40119 654 39 . . . 40119 655 1 Hence hence RB 40119 655 2 the the DT 40119 655 3 illusion illusion NN 40119 655 4 in in IN 40119 655 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 655 6 . . . 40119 656 1 25 25 CD 40119 656 2 . . . 40119 657 1 But but CC 40119 657 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 657 3 is be VBZ 40119 657 4 not not RB 40119 657 5 only only RB 40119 657 6 in in IN 40119 657 7 regard regard NN 40119 657 8 to to IN 40119 657 9 lengths length NNS 40119 657 10 and and CC 40119 657 11 distances distance NNS 40119 657 12 that that IN 40119 657 13 the the DT 40119 657 14 law law NN 40119 657 15 in in IN 40119 657 16 question question NN 40119 657 17 holds hold VBZ 40119 657 18 good good JJ 40119 657 19 ; ; : 40119 657 20 in in IN 40119 657 21 most most RBS 40119 657 22 , , , 40119 657 23 if if IN 40119 657 24 not not RB 40119 657 25 all all DT 40119 657 26 cases case NNS 40119 657 27 in in IN 40119 657 28 which which WDT 40119 657 29 a a DT 40119 657 30 psycho psycho NN 40119 657 31 - - HYPH 40119 657 32 optical optical JJ 40119 657 33 estimate estimate NN 40119 657 34 is be VBZ 40119 657 35 possible possible JJ 40119 657 36 , , , 40119 657 37 the the DT 40119 657 38 mental mental JJ 40119 657 39 standard standard NN 40119 657 40 is be VBZ 40119 657 41 unstable unstable JJ 40119 657 42 and and CC 40119 657 43 tends tend VBZ 40119 657 44 to to TO 40119 657 45 assimilate assimilate VB 40119 657 46 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 657 47 , , , 40119 657 48 as as IN 40119 657 49 regards regard VBZ 40119 657 50 the the DT 40119 657 51 quality quality NN 40119 657 52 or or CC 40119 657 53 condition condition NN 40119 657 54 to to TO 40119 657 55 be be VB 40119 657 56 estimated estimate VBN 40119 657 57 , , , 40119 657 58 to to IN 40119 657 59 the the DT 40119 657 60 entity entity NN 40119 657 61 in in IN 40119 657 62 which which WDT 40119 657 63 the the DT 40119 657 64 same same JJ 40119 657 65 is be VBZ 40119 657 66 manifested manifest VBN 40119 657 67 . . . 40119 658 1 This this DT 40119 658 2 is be VBZ 40119 658 3 true true JJ 40119 658 4 , , , 40119 658 5 for for IN 40119 658 6 example example NN 40119 658 7 , , , 40119 658 8 in in IN 40119 658 9 judging judging NN 40119 658 10 of of IN 40119 658 11 an an DT 40119 658 12 angle angle NN 40119 658 13 of of IN 40119 658 14 inclination inclination NN 40119 658 15 or or CC 40119 658 16 slope slope NN 40119 658 17 ; ; : 40119 658 18 of of IN 40119 658 19 a a DT 40119 658 20 motion motion NN 40119 658 21 in in IN 40119 658 22 space space NN 40119 658 23 ; ; : 40119 658 24 of of IN 40119 658 25 luminous luminous JJ 40119 658 26 intensity intensity NN 40119 658 27 , , , 40119 658 28 or or CC 40119 658 29 of of IN 40119 658 30 the the DT 40119 658 31 purity purity NN 40119 658 32 of of IN 40119 658 33 a a DT 40119 658 34 colour colour NN 40119 658 35 . . . 40119 659 1 Every every DT 40119 659 2 cyclist cyclist NN 40119 659 3 knows know VBZ 40119 659 4 how how WRB 40119 659 5 difficult difficult JJ 40119 659 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 659 7 is be VBZ 40119 659 8 to to TO 40119 659 9 form form VB 40119 659 10 a a DT 40119 659 11 correct correct JJ 40119 659 12 judgment judgment NN 40119 659 13 of of IN 40119 659 14 the the DT 40119 659 15 steepness steepness NN 40119 659 16 of of IN 40119 659 17 a a DT 40119 659 18 hill hill NN 40119 659 19 by by IN 40119 659 20 merely merely RB 40119 659 21 looking look VBG 40119 659 22 at at IN 40119 659 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 659 24 . . . 40119 660 1 Not not RB 40119 660 2 only only RB 40119 660 3 may may MD 40119 660 4 a a DT 40119 660 5 slope slope NN 40119 660 6 seem seem VB 40119 660 7 to to TO 40119 660 8 be be VB 40119 660 9 greater great JJR 40119 660 10 or or CC 40119 660 11 less less JJR 40119 660 12 than than IN 40119 660 13 it -PRON- PRP 40119 660 14 really really RB 40119 660 15 is be VBZ 40119 660 16 , , , 40119 660 17 but but CC 40119 660 18 under under IN 40119 660 19 certain certain JJ 40119 660 20 circumstances circumstance NNS 40119 660 21 a a DT 40119 660 22 dead dead JJ 40119 660 23 level level NN 40119 660 24 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 660 25 appears appear VBZ 40119 660 26 as as IN 40119 660 27 an an DT 40119 660 28 upward upward JJ 40119 660 29 or or CC 40119 660 30 downward downward JJ 40119 660 31 inclination inclination NN 40119 660 32 , , , 40119 660 33 while while IN 40119 660 34 a a DT 40119 660 35 gentle gentle JJ 40119 660 36 ascent ascent NN 40119 660 37 may may MD 40119 660 38 even even RB 40119 660 39 be be VB 40119 660 40 mistaken mistake VBN 40119 660 41 for for IN 40119 660 42 a a DT 40119 660 43 descent descent NN 40119 660 44 , , , 40119 660 45 and and CC 40119 660 46 _ _ NNP 40119 660 47 vice vice NN 40119 660 48 versa versa NNP 40119 660 49 _ _ NNP 40119 660 50 . . . 40119 661 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 661 2 usually usually RB 40119 661 3 specify specify VBP 40119 661 4 a a DT 40119 661 5 slope slope NN 40119 661 6 by by IN 40119 661 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 661 8 inclination inclination NN 40119 661 9 to to IN 40119 661 10 a a DT 40119 661 11 level level NN 40119 661 12 plane plane NN 40119 661 13 which which WDT 40119 661 14 is be VBZ 40119 661 15 parallel parallel JJ 40119 661 16 to to IN 40119 661 17 the the DT 40119 661 18 plane plane NN 40119 661 19 of of IN 40119 661 20 the the DT 40119 661 21 horizon horizon NN 40119 661 22 , , , 40119 661 23 or or CC 40119 661 24 at at IN 40119 661 25 right right JJ 40119 661 26 angles angle NNS 40119 661 27 to to IN 40119 661 28 the the DT 40119 661 29 direction direction NN 40119 661 30 of of IN 40119 661 31 gravity gravity NN 40119 661 32 . . . 40119 662 1 At at IN 40119 662 2 any any DT 40119 662 3 given give VBN 40119 662 4 spot spot NN 40119 662 5 the the DT 40119 662 6 level level NN 40119 662 7 is be VBZ 40119 662 8 , , , 40119 662 9 physically physically RB 40119 662 10 considered consider VBN 40119 662 11 , , , 40119 662 12 definite definite JJ 40119 662 13 and and CC 40119 662 14 unalterable unalterable JJ 40119 662 15 . . . 40119 663 1 In in IN 40119 663 2 forming form VBG 40119 663 3 a a DT 40119 663 4 mental mental JJ 40119 663 5 judgment judgment NN 40119 663 6 of of IN 40119 663 7 an an DT 40119 663 8 inclination inclination NN 40119 663 9 , , , 40119 663 10 we -PRON- PRP 40119 663 11 employ employ VBP 40119 663 12 as as IN 40119 663 13 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 663 14 standard standard NN 40119 663 15 of of IN 40119 663 16 reference reference NN 40119 663 17 an an DT 40119 663 18 imaginary imaginary JJ 40119 663 19 plane plane NN 40119 663 20 which which WDT 40119 663 21 is be VBZ 40119 663 22 intended intend VBN 40119 663 23 to to TO 40119 663 24 be be VB 40119 663 25 identical identical JJ 40119 663 26 with with IN 40119 663 27 the the DT 40119 663 28 physical physical JJ 40119 663 29 level level NN 40119 663 30 . . . 40119 664 1 But but CC 40119 664 2 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 664 3 mental mental JJ 40119 664 4 plane plane NN 40119 664 5 is be VBZ 40119 664 6 not not RB 40119 664 7 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 664 8 stable stable JJ 40119 664 9 ; ; : 40119 664 10 when when WRB 40119 664 11 we -PRON- PRP 40119 664 12 refer refer VBP 40119 664 13 a a DT 40119 664 14 slope slope NN 40119 664 15 to to IN 40119 664 16 it -PRON- PRP 40119 664 17 , , , 40119 664 18 we -PRON- PRP 40119 664 19 unconsciously unconsciously RB 40119 664 20 give give VBP 40119 664 21 the the DT 40119 664 22 mental mental JJ 40119 664 23 plane plane NN 40119 664 24 a a DT 40119 664 25 slight slight JJ 40119 664 26 tilt tilt NN 40119 664 27 , , , 40119 664 28 tending tend VBG 40119 664 29 to to TO 40119 664 30 make make VB 40119 664 31 it -PRON- PRP 40119 664 32 parallel parallel JJ 40119 664 33 with with IN 40119 664 34 the the DT 40119 664 35 slope slope NN 40119 664 36 . . . 40119 665 1 Hence hence RB 40119 665 2 the the DT 40119 665 3 inclination inclination NN 40119 665 4 of of IN 40119 665 5 a a DT 40119 665 6 simple simple JJ 40119 665 7 slope slope NN 40119 665 8 , , , 40119 665 9 when when WRB 40119 665 10 misleading misleading JJ 40119 665 11 complications complication NNS 40119 665 12 are be VBP 40119 665 13 absent absent JJ 40119 665 14 , , , 40119 665 15 is be VBZ 40119 665 16 always always RB 40119 665 17 underestimated underestimate VBN 40119 665 18 . . . 40119 666 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 666 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 666 3 : : : 40119 666 4 _ _ NNP 40119 666 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 666 6 . . . 40119 667 1 30.--Illusion 30.--illusion CD 40119 667 2 of of IN 40119 667 3 Inclination Inclination NNP 40119 667 4 . . . 40119 667 5 _ _ NNP 40119 667 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 667 7 This this DT 40119 667 8 may may MD 40119 667 9 be be VB 40119 667 10 illustrated illustrate VBN 40119 667 11 by by IN 40119 667 12 the the DT 40119 667 13 diagram diagram NN 40119 667 14 Fig Fig NNP 40119 667 15 . . . 40119 668 1 30 30 CD 40119 668 2 . . . 40119 669 1 If if IN 40119 669 2 A a DT 40119 669 3 B B NNP 40119 669 4 represents represent VBZ 40119 669 5 a a DT 40119 669 6 truly truly RB 40119 669 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 669 8 line line NN 40119 669 9 , , , 40119 669 10 the the DT 40119 669 11 slope slope NN 40119 669 12 of of IN 40119 669 13 the the DT 40119 669 14 oblique oblique JJ 40119 669 15 line line NN 40119 669 16 C C NNP 40119 669 17 D d NN 40119 669 18 is be VBZ 40119 669 19 correctly correctly RB 40119 669 20 specified specify VBN 40119 669 21 by by IN 40119 669 22 the the DT 40119 669 23 angle angle NN 40119 669 24 C c NN 40119 669 25 O o NN 40119 669 26 A. a. NN 40119 670 1 But but CC 40119 670 2 if if IN 40119 670 3 we -PRON- PRP 40119 670 4 have have VBP 40119 670 5 no no DT 40119 670 6 instrument instrument NN 40119 670 7 at at IN 40119 670 8 hand hand NN 40119 670 9 to to TO 40119 670 10 fix fix VB 40119 670 11 the the DT 40119 670 12 level level NN 40119 670 13 for for IN 40119 670 14 us -PRON- PRP 40119 670 15 , , , 40119 670 16 we -PRON- PRP 40119 670 17 shall shall MD 40119 670 18 infallibly infallibly RB 40119 670 19 imagine imagine VB 40119 670 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 670 21 to to TO 40119 670 22 be be VB 40119 670 23 in in IN 40119 670 24 some some DT 40119 670 25 such such JJ 40119 670 26 position position NN 40119 670 27 as as IN 40119 670 28 that that DT 40119 670 29 indicated indicate VBD 40119 670 30 ( ( -LRB- 40119 670 31 in in IN 40119 670 32 an an DT 40119 670 33 exaggerated exaggerated JJ 40119 670 34 degree degree NN 40119 670 35 ) ) -RRB- 40119 670 36 by by IN 40119 670 37 the the DT 40119 670 38 dotted dotted JJ 40119 670 39 line line NN 40119 670 40 E E NNP 40119 670 41 F f NN 40119 670 42 , , , 40119 670 43 while while IN 40119 670 44 the the DT 40119 670 45 true true JJ 40119 670 46 level level NN 40119 670 47 A a DT 40119 670 48 B b NN 40119 670 49 will will MD 40119 670 50 appear appear VB 40119 670 51 to to TO 40119 670 52 slope slope VB 40119 670 53 oppositely oppositely RB 40119 670 54 to to IN 40119 670 55 C C NNP 40119 670 56 D. D. NNP 40119 670 57 This this DT 40119 670 58 class class NN 40119 670 59 of of IN 40119 670 60 illusion illusion NN 40119 670 61 is be VBZ 40119 670 62 remarkably remarkably RB 40119 670 63 well well RB 40119 670 64 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 670 65 by by IN 40119 670 66 Zöllner Zöllner NNP 40119 670 67 's 's POS 40119 670 68 lines line NNS 40119 670 69 , , , 40119 670 70 Fig Fig NNP 40119 670 71 . . . 40119 671 1 31 31 CD 40119 671 2 ; ; : 40119 671 3 the the DT 40119 671 4 two two CD 40119 671 5 thick thick JJ 40119 671 6 lines line NNS 40119 671 7 which which WDT 40119 671 8 appear appear VBP 40119 671 9 to to TO 40119 671 10 diverge diverge VB 40119 671 11 from from IN 40119 671 12 left leave VBN 40119 671 13 to to IN 40119 671 14 right right NN 40119 671 15 , , , 40119 671 16 are be VBP 40119 671 17 in in IN 40119 671 18 truth truth NN 40119 671 19 strictly strictly RB 40119 671 20 parallel parallel JJ 40119 671 21 . . . 40119 672 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 672 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 672 3 : : : 40119 672 4 _ _ NNP 40119 672 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 672 6 . . . 40119 673 1 31.--Zöllner 31.--Zöllner NNP 40119 673 2 's 's POS 40119 673 3 Lines line NNS 40119 673 4 . . . 40119 673 5 _ _ NNP 40119 673 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 673 7 I -PRON- PRP 40119 673 8 need need VBP 40119 673 9 not not RB 40119 673 10 discuss discuss VB 40119 673 11 in in IN 40119 673 12 further further JJ 40119 673 13 detail detail NN 40119 673 14 the the DT 40119 673 15 various various JJ 40119 673 16 illusions illusion NNS 40119 673 17 to to TO 40119 673 18 which which WDT 40119 673 19 a a DT 40119 673 20 cyclist cyclist NN 40119 673 21 is be VBZ 40119 673 22 subjected subject VBN 40119 673 23 when when WRB 40119 673 24 slopes slope NNS 40119 673 25 of of IN 40119 673 26 different different JJ 40119 673 27 inclinations inclination NNS 40119 673 28 succeed succeed VBP 40119 673 29 one one CD 40119 673 30 another another DT 40119 673 31 : : : 40119 673 32 they -PRON- PRP 40119 673 33 all all DT 40119 673 34 follow follow VBP 40119 673 35 simply simply RB 40119 673 36 from from IN 40119 673 37 the the DT 40119 673 38 same same JJ 40119 673 39 general general JJ 40119 673 40 principle principle NN 40119 673 41 . . . 40119 674 1 A a DT 40119 674 2 thing thing NN 40119 674 3 is be VBZ 40119 674 4 said say VBN 40119 674 5 to to TO 40119 674 6 be be VB 40119 674 7 in in IN 40119 674 8 motion motion NN 40119 674 9 when when WRB 40119 674 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 674 11 is be VBZ 40119 674 12 changing change VBG 40119 674 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 674 14 position position NN 40119 674 15 relatively relatively RB 40119 674 16 to to IN 40119 674 17 the the DT 40119 674 18 earth earth NN 40119 674 19 , , , 40119 674 20 which which WDT 40119 674 21 for for IN 40119 674 22 all all DT 40119 674 23 practical practical JJ 40119 674 24 purposes purpose NNS 40119 674 25 may may MD 40119 674 26 be be VB 40119 674 27 regarded regard VBN 40119 674 28 as as IN 40119 674 29 motionless motionless JJ 40119 674 30 . . . 40119 675 1 The the DT 40119 675 2 state state NN 40119 675 3 , , , 40119 675 4 as as IN 40119 675 5 regards regard VBZ 40119 675 6 motion motion NN 40119 675 7 , , , 40119 675 8 of of IN 40119 675 9 the the DT 40119 675 10 earth earth NN 40119 675 11 and and CC 40119 675 12 anything anything NN 40119 675 13 rigidly rigidly RB 40119 675 14 attached attach VBN 40119 675 15 to to IN 40119 675 16 it -PRON- PRP 40119 675 17 , , , 40119 675 18 therefore therefore RB 40119 675 19 constitutes constitute VBZ 40119 675 20 the the DT 40119 675 21 physical physical JJ 40119 675 22 zero zero CD 40119 675 23 or or CC 40119 675 24 standard standard NN 40119 675 25 to to TO 40119 675 26 which which WDT 40119 675 27 the the DT 40119 675 28 motion motion NN 40119 675 29 of of IN 40119 675 30 everything everything NN 40119 675 31 terrestrial terrestrial JJ 40119 675 32 is be VBZ 40119 675 33 referred refer VBN 40119 675 34 . . . 40119 676 1 But but CC 40119 676 2 the the DT 40119 676 3 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 676 4 mental mental JJ 40119 676 5 standard standard NN 40119 676 6 , , , 40119 676 7 especially especially RB 40119 676 8 when when WRB 40119 676 9 it -PRON- PRP 40119 676 10 can can MD 40119 676 11 not not RB 40119 676 12 easily easily RB 40119 676 13 be be VB 40119 676 14 checked check VBN 40119 676 15 by by IN 40119 676 16 comparison comparison NN 40119 676 17 with with IN 40119 676 18 some some DT 40119 676 19 stationary stationary JJ 40119 676 20 object object NN 40119 676 21 , , , 40119 676 22 is be VBZ 40119 676 23 liable liable JJ 40119 676 24 to to TO 40119 676 25 deviate deviate VB 40119 676 26 from from IN 40119 676 27 the the DT 40119 676 28 physical physical JJ 40119 676 29 one one CD 40119 676 30 ; ; : 40119 676 31 it -PRON- PRP 40119 676 32 tends tend VBZ 40119 676 33 in in IN 40119 676 34 fact fact NN 40119 676 35 to to TO 40119 676 36 move move VB 40119 676 37 in in IN 40119 676 38 the the DT 40119 676 39 same same JJ 40119 676 40 direction direction NN 40119 676 41 as as IN 40119 676 42 the the DT 40119 676 43 moving move VBG 40119 676 44 body body NN 40119 676 45 which which WDT 40119 676 46 is be VBZ 40119 676 47 under under IN 40119 676 48 observation observation NN 40119 676 49 , , , 40119 676 50 and and CC 40119 676 51 the the DT 40119 676 52 apparent apparent JJ 40119 676 53 speed speed NN 40119 676 54 of of IN 40119 676 55 the the DT 40119 676 56 body body NN 40119 676 57 is be VBZ 40119 676 58 consequently consequently RB 40119 676 59 rather rather RB 40119 676 60 less less JJR 40119 676 61 than than IN 40119 676 62 it -PRON- PRP 40119 676 63 should should MD 40119 676 64 be be VB 40119 676 65 . . . 40119 677 1 The the DT 40119 677 2 influence influence NN 40119 677 3 exerted exert VBN 40119 677 4 upon upon IN 40119 677 5 the the DT 40119 677 6 judgment judgment NN 40119 677 7 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 677 8 even even RB 40119 677 9 persists persist VBZ 40119 677 10 for for IN 40119 677 11 an an DT 40119 677 12 appreciable appreciable JJ 40119 677 13 period period NN 40119 677 14 after after IN 40119 677 15 the the DT 40119 677 16 exciting exciting JJ 40119 677 17 cause cause NN 40119 677 18 has have VBZ 40119 677 19 ceased cease VBN 40119 677 20 to to TO 40119 677 21 be be VB 40119 677 22 operative operative JJ 40119 677 23 , , , 40119 677 24 as as IN 40119 677 25 when when WRB 40119 677 26 the the DT 40119 677 27 moving move VBG 40119 677 28 body body NN 40119 677 29 is be VBZ 40119 677 30 lost lose VBN 40119 677 31 sight sight NN 40119 677 32 of of IN 40119 677 33 or or CC 40119 677 34 has have VBZ 40119 677 35 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 677 36 come come VBN 40119 677 37 to to TO 40119 677 38 rest rest VB 40119 677 39 ; ; : 40119 677 40 in in IN 40119 677 41 such such JJ 40119 677 42 cases case NNS 40119 677 43 fixed fix VBN 40119 677 44 objects object NNS 40119 677 45 , , , 40119 677 46 being be VBG 40119 677 47 compared compare VBN 40119 677 48 with with IN 40119 677 49 the the DT 40119 677 50 delusive delusive JJ 40119 677 51 mental mental JJ 40119 677 52 standard standard NN 40119 677 53 , , , 40119 677 54 appear appear VB 40119 677 55 for for IN 40119 677 56 a a DT 40119 677 57 few few JJ 40119 677 58 seconds second NNS 40119 677 59 to to TO 40119 677 60 be be VB 40119 677 61 moving move VBG 40119 677 62 in in IN 40119 677 63 the the DT 40119 677 64 opposite opposite JJ 40119 677 65 direction direction NN 40119 677 66 . . . 40119 678 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 678 2 have have VBP 40119 678 3 devised devise VBN 40119 678 4 a a DT 40119 678 5 lantern lantern JJ 40119 678 6 slide slide NN 40119 678 7 ( ( -LRB- 40119 678 8 Fig fig NN 40119 678 9 . . . 40119 679 1 32 32 CD 40119 679 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 679 3 by by IN 40119 679 4 the the DT 40119 679 5 aid aid NN 40119 679 6 of of IN 40119 679 7 which which WDT 40119 679 8 this this DT 40119 679 9 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 679 10 may may MD 40119 679 11 be be VB 40119 679 12 rendered render VBN 40119 679 13 very very RB 40119 679 14 evident evident JJ 40119 679 15 . . . 40119 680 1 In in IN 40119 680 2 a a DT 40119 680 3 square square JJ 40119 680 4 plate plate NN 40119 680 5 of of IN 40119 680 6 metal metal NN 40119 680 7 is be VBZ 40119 680 8 cut cut VBN 40119 680 9 a a DT 40119 680 10 vertical vertical JJ 40119 680 11 slot slot NN 40119 680 12 , , , 40119 680 13 which which WDT 40119 680 14 is be VBZ 40119 680 15 shaded shade VBN 40119 680 16 in in IN 40119 680 17 the the DT 40119 680 18 figure figure NN 40119 680 19 ; ; : 40119 680 20 behind behind IN 40119 680 21 the the DT 40119 680 22 plate plate NN 40119 680 23 is be VBZ 40119 680 24 an an DT 40119 680 25 opaque opaque JJ 40119 680 26 disk disk NN 40119 680 27 , , , 40119 680 28 which which WDT 40119 680 29 , , , 40119 680 30 by by IN 40119 680 31 means mean NNS 40119 680 32 of of IN 40119 680 33 suitable suitable JJ 40119 680 34 mechanism mechanism NN 40119 680 35 , , , 40119 680 36 can can MD 40119 680 37 be be VB 40119 680 38 made make VBN 40119 680 39 to to TO 40119 680 40 rotate rotate VB 40119 680 41 about about IN 40119 680 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 680 43 centre centre NN 40119 680 44 . . . 40119 681 1 The the DT 40119 681 2 disk disk NN 40119 681 3 has have VBZ 40119 681 4 a a DT 40119 681 5 spiral spiral JJ 40119 681 6 opening opening NN 40119 681 7 cut cut NN 40119 681 8 in in IN 40119 681 9 it -PRON- PRP 40119 681 10 of of IN 40119 681 11 the the DT 40119 681 12 same same JJ 40119 681 13 width width NN 40119 681 14 as as IN 40119 681 15 the the DT 40119 681 16 slot slot NN 40119 681 17 , , , 40119 681 18 as as IN 40119 681 19 indicated indicate VBN 40119 681 20 by by IN 40119 681 21 the the DT 40119 681 22 dotted dotted JJ 40119 681 23 line line NN 40119 681 24 . . . 40119 682 1 The the DT 40119 682 2 slide slide NN 40119 682 3 is be VBZ 40119 682 4 placed place VBN 40119 682 5 in in IN 40119 682 6 an an DT 40119 682 7 optical optical JJ 40119 682 8 lantern lantern NN 40119 682 9 , , , 40119 682 10 and and CC 40119 682 11 the the DT 40119 682 12 light light NN 40119 682 13 passing pass VBG 40119 682 14 through through IN 40119 682 15 the the DT 40119 682 16 aperture aperture NN 40119 682 17 formed form VBN 40119 682 18 where where WRB 40119 682 19 the the DT 40119 682 20 slot slot NN 40119 682 21 is be VBZ 40119 682 22 crossed cross VBN 40119 682 23 by by IN 40119 682 24 the the DT 40119 682 25 spiral spiral JJ 40119 682 26 opening opening NN 40119 682 27 , , , 40119 682 28 produces produce VBZ 40119 682 29 a a DT 40119 682 30 small small JJ 40119 682 31 bright bright JJ 40119 682 32 patch patch NN 40119 682 33 upon upon IN 40119 682 34 a a DT 40119 682 35 white white JJ 40119 682 36 screen screen NN 40119 682 37 hung hang VBN 40119 682 38 at at IN 40119 682 39 a a DT 40119 682 40 suitable suitable JJ 40119 682 41 distance distance NN 40119 682 42 from from IN 40119 682 43 the the DT 40119 682 44 lantern lantern NN 40119 682 45 . . . 40119 683 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 683 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 683 3 : : : 40119 683 4 _ _ NNP 40119 683 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 683 6 . . . 40119 684 1 32.--Slide 32.--slide CD 40119 684 2 for for IN 40119 684 3 showing show VBG 40119 684 4 Illusions Illusions NNPS 40119 684 5 of of IN 40119 684 6 Motion Motion NNP 40119 684 7 . . . 40119 684 8 _ _ NNP 40119 684 9 ] ] -RRB- 40119 684 10 When when WRB 40119 684 11 the the DT 40119 684 12 disk disk NN 40119 684 13 is be VBZ 40119 684 14 turned turn VBN 40119 684 15 in in RP 40119 684 16 the the DT 40119 684 17 direction direction NN 40119 684 18 indicated indicate VBN 40119 684 19 by by IN 40119 684 20 the the DT 40119 684 21 arrow arrow NN 40119 684 22 , , , 40119 684 23 the the DT 40119 684 24 bright bright JJ 40119 684 25 patch patch NN 40119 684 26 moves move VBZ 40119 684 27 upwards upwards RB 40119 684 28 and and CC 40119 684 29 ultimately ultimately RB 40119 684 30 disappears disappear VBZ 40119 684 31 ; ; : 40119 684 32 but but CC 40119 684 33 at at IN 40119 684 34 the the DT 40119 684 35 moment moment NN 40119 684 36 of of IN 40119 684 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 684 38 disappearance disappearance NN 40119 684 39 a a DT 40119 684 40 fresh fresh JJ 40119 684 41 patch patch NN 40119 684 42 starts start VBZ 40119 684 43 from from IN 40119 684 44 below below RB 40119 684 45 , , , 40119 684 46 which which WDT 40119 684 47 also also RB 40119 684 48 moves move VBZ 40119 684 49 in in IN 40119 684 50 the the DT 40119 684 51 upward upward JJ 40119 684 52 direction direction NN 40119 684 53 ; ; : 40119 684 54 thus thus RB 40119 684 55 there there EX 40119 684 56 is be VBZ 40119 684 57 formed form VBN 40119 684 58 upon upon IN 40119 684 59 the the DT 40119 684 60 screen screen NN 40119 684 61 a a DT 40119 684 62 continuous continuous JJ 40119 684 63 succession succession NN 40119 684 64 of of IN 40119 684 65 ascending ascend VBG 40119 684 66 bright bright JJ 40119 684 67 patches patch NNS 40119 684 68 . . . 40119 685 1 After after IN 40119 685 2 these these DT 40119 685 3 have have VBP 40119 685 4 been be VBN 40119 685 5 observed observe VBN 40119 685 6 for for IN 40119 685 7 about about RB 40119 685 8 a a DT 40119 685 9 quarter quarter NN 40119 685 10 of of IN 40119 685 11 a a DT 40119 685 12 minute minute NN 40119 685 13 , , , 40119 685 14 the the DT 40119 685 15 disk disk NN 40119 685 16 is be VBZ 40119 685 17 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 685 18 stopped stop VBN 40119 685 19 , , , 40119 685 20 and and CC 40119 685 21 the the DT 40119 685 22 persistence persistence NN 40119 685 23 of of IN 40119 685 24 the the DT 40119 685 25 fallacious fallacious JJ 40119 685 26 mental mental JJ 40119 685 27 standard standard NN 40119 685 28 is be VBZ 40119 685 29 at at IN 40119 685 30 once once RB 40119 685 31 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 685 32 . . . 40119 686 1 For for IN 40119 686 2 the the DT 40119 686 3 bright bright JJ 40119 686 4 patch patch NN 40119 686 5 does do VBZ 40119 686 6 not not RB 40119 686 7 appear appear VB 40119 686 8 to to TO 40119 686 9 be be VB 40119 686 10 at at IN 40119 686 11 rest rest NN 40119 686 12 , , , 40119 686 13 as as IN 40119 686 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 686 15 actually actually RB 40119 686 16 is be VBZ 40119 686 17 , , , 40119 686 18 but but CC 40119 686 19 to to TO 40119 686 20 creep creep VB 40119 686 21 steadily steadily RB 40119 686 22 downwards downwards RB 40119 686 23 , , , 40119 686 24 continuing continue VBG 40119 686 25 to to TO 40119 686 26 do do VB 40119 686 27 so so RB 40119 686 28 more more RBR 40119 686 29 and and CC 40119 686 30 more more RBR 40119 686 31 slowly slowly RB 40119 686 32 for for IN 40119 686 33 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 686 34 as as RB 40119 686 35 long long RB 40119 686 36 as as IN 40119 686 37 ten ten CD 40119 686 38 seconds second NNS 40119 686 39 . . . 40119 687 1 The the DT 40119 687 2 upward upward JJ 40119 687 3 motion motion NN 40119 687 4 of of IN 40119 687 5 the the DT 40119 687 6 bright bright JJ 40119 687 7 patches patch NNS 40119 687 8 had have VBD 40119 687 9 led lead VBN 40119 687 10 the the DT 40119 687 11 observer observer NN 40119 687 12 to to TO 40119 687 13 assume assume VB 40119 687 14 a a DT 40119 687 15 slower slow RBR 40119 687 16 upward upward JJ 40119 687 17 motion motion NN 40119 687 18 as as IN 40119 687 19 the the DT 40119 687 20 zero zero CD 40119 687 21 , , , 40119 687 22 or or CC 40119 687 23 standard standard NN 40119 687 24 of of IN 40119 687 25 no no DT 40119 687 26 motion motion NN 40119 687 27 , , , 40119 687 28 and and CC 40119 687 29 reference reference NN 40119 687 30 of of IN 40119 687 31 the the DT 40119 687 32 really really RB 40119 687 33 stationary stationary JJ 40119 687 34 patch patch NN 40119 687 35 to to IN 40119 687 36 this this DT 40119 687 37 physically physically RB 40119 687 38 false false JJ 40119 687 39 standard standard NN 40119 687 40 induces induce VBZ 40119 687 41 the the DT 40119 687 42 illusion illusion NN 40119 687 43 that that WDT 40119 687 44 the the DT 40119 687 45 patch patch NN 40119 687 46 is be VBZ 40119 687 47 descending descend VBG 40119 687 48 . . . 40119 688 1 This this DT 40119 688 2 experiment experiment NN 40119 688 3 is be VBZ 40119 688 4 most most RBS 40119 688 5 successful successful JJ 40119 688 6 when when WRB 40119 688 7 the the DT 40119 688 8 bright bright JJ 40119 688 9 patches patch NNS 40119 688 10 are be VBP 40119 688 11 projected project VBN 40119 688 12 upon upon IN 40119 688 13 the the DT 40119 688 14 middle middle NN 40119 688 15 of of IN 40119 688 16 a a DT 40119 688 17 large large JJ 40119 688 18 screen screen NN 40119 688 19 . . . 40119 689 1 The the DT 40119 689 2 disk disk NN 40119 689 3 should should MD 40119 689 4 turn turn VB 40119 689 5 about about RB 40119 689 6 three three CD 40119 689 7 times time NNS 40119 689 8 in in IN 40119 689 9 a a DT 40119 689 10 second second JJ 40119 689 11 , , , 40119 689 12 and and CC 40119 689 13 the the DT 40119 689 14 room room NN 40119 689 15 should should MD 40119 689 16 be be VB 40119 689 17 feebly feebly RB 40119 689 18 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 689 19 , , , 40119 689 20 but but CC 40119 689 21 not not RB 40119 689 22 quite quite RB 40119 689 23 dark dark JJ 40119 689 24 . . . 40119 690 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 690 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 690 3 : : : 40119 690 4 _ _ NNP 40119 690 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 690 6 . . . 40119 691 1 33.--Illusions 33.--illusions CD 40119 691 2 of of IN 40119 691 3 Motion Motion NNP 40119 691 4 . . . 40119 691 5 _ _ NNP 40119 691 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 691 7 A a DT 40119 691 8 very very RB 40119 691 9 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 691 10 illusion illusion NN 40119 691 11 which which WDT 40119 691 12 no no RB 40119 691 13 doubt doubt RB 40119 691 14 depends depend VBZ 40119 691 15 upon upon IN 40119 691 16 the the DT 40119 691 17 same same JJ 40119 691 18 principle principle NN 40119 691 19 as as IN 40119 691 20 the the DT 40119 691 21 last last JJ 40119 691 22 , , , 40119 691 23 though though IN 40119 691 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 691 25 form form NN 40119 691 26 is be VBZ 40119 691 27 entirely entirely RB 40119 691 28 different different JJ 40119 691 29 , , , 40119 691 30 is be VBZ 40119 691 31 that that DT 40119 691 32 to to TO 40119 691 33 which which WDT 40119 691 34 the the DT 40119 691 35 diagram diagram NN 40119 691 36 Fig Fig NNP 40119 691 37 . . . 40119 692 1 33 33 CD 40119 692 2 relates relate NNS 40119 692 3 . . . 40119 693 1 So so RB 40119 693 2 far far RB 40119 693 3 as as IN 40119 693 4 I -PRON- PRP 40119 693 5 am be VBP 40119 693 6 aware aware JJ 40119 693 7 , , , 40119 693 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 693 9 has have VBZ 40119 693 10 not not RB 40119 693 11 before before RB 40119 693 12 been be VBN 40119 693 13 noticed notice VBN 40119 693 14 . . . 40119 694 1 Two two CD 40119 694 2 intersecting intersect VBG 40119 694 3 straight straight JJ 40119 694 4 lines line NNS 40119 694 5 , , , 40119 694 6 the the DT 40119 694 7 one one CD 40119 694 8 upright upright NN 40119 694 9 and and CC 40119 694 10 the the DT 40119 694 11 other other JJ 40119 694 12 sloping sloping NN 40119 694 13 , , , 40119 694 14 as as IN 40119 694 15 shown show VBN 40119 694 16 in in IN 40119 694 17 the the DT 40119 694 18 figure figure NN 40119 694 19 , , , 40119 694 20 are be VBP 40119 694 21 drawn draw VBN 40119 694 22 upon upon IN 40119 694 23 a a DT 40119 694 24 card card NN 40119 694 25 . . . 40119 695 1 The the DT 40119 695 2 card card NN 40119 695 3 is be VBZ 40119 695 4 to to TO 40119 695 5 be be VB 40119 695 6 held hold VBN 40119 695 7 vertically vertically RB 40119 695 8 before before IN 40119 695 9 the the DT 40119 695 10 eyes eye NNS 40119 695 11 at at IN 40119 695 12 the the DT 40119 695 13 distance distance NN 40119 695 14 of of IN 40119 695 15 most most JJS 40119 695 16 distinct distinct JJ 40119 695 17 vision vision NN 40119 695 18 , , , 40119 695 19 and and CC 40119 695 20 waved wave VBD 40119 695 21 up up RP 40119 695 22 and and CC 40119 695 23 down down RB 40119 695 24 through through IN 40119 695 25 a a DT 40119 695 26 distance distance NN 40119 695 27 of of IN 40119 695 28 a a DT 40119 695 29 few few JJ 40119 695 30 inches inch NNS 40119 695 31 . . . 40119 696 1 The the DT 40119 696 2 oblique oblique JJ 40119 696 3 line line NN 40119 696 4 will will MD 40119 696 5 then then RB 40119 696 6 appear appear VB 40119 696 7 to to TO 40119 696 8 oscillate oscillate VB 40119 696 9 transversely transversely RB 40119 696 10 , , , 40119 696 11 as as IN 40119 696 12 if if IN 40119 696 13 it -PRON- PRP 40119 696 14 were be VBD 40119 696 15 not not RB 40119 696 16 rigidly rigidly RB 40119 696 17 attached attach VBN 40119 696 18 to to IN 40119 696 19 the the DT 40119 696 20 card card NN 40119 696 21 . . . 40119 697 1 This this DT 40119 697 2 is be VBZ 40119 697 3 the the DT 40119 697 4 result result NN 40119 697 5 of of IN 40119 697 6 underestimating underestimate VBG 40119 697 7 the the DT 40119 697 8 speed speed NN 40119 697 9 at at IN 40119 697 10 which which WDT 40119 697 11 the the DT 40119 697 12 card card NN 40119 697 13 is be VBZ 40119 697 14 moved move VBN 40119 697 15 . . . 40119 698 1 Rather rather RB 40119 698 2 than than IN 40119 698 3 recognise recognise VB 40119 698 4 the the DT 40119 698 5 true true JJ 40119 698 6 state state NN 40119 698 7 of of IN 40119 698 8 things thing NNS 40119 698 9 , , , 40119 698 10 the the DT 40119 698 11 mind mind NN 40119 698 12 prefers prefer VBZ 40119 698 13 to to TO 40119 698 14 accept accept VB 40119 698 15 the the DT 40119 698 16 suggestion suggestion NN 40119 698 17 that that IN 40119 698 18 the the DT 40119 698 19 upward upward JJ 40119 698 20 or or CC 40119 698 21 downward downward JJ 40119 698 22 movement movement NN 40119 698 23 of of IN 40119 698 24 the the DT 40119 698 25 point point NN 40119 698 26 of of IN 40119 698 27 intersection intersection NN 40119 698 28 is be VBZ 40119 698 29 in in IN 40119 698 30 part part NN 40119 698 31 due due JJ 40119 698 32 to to IN 40119 698 33 oppositely oppositely RB 40119 698 34 directed direct VBN 40119 698 35 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 698 36 movements movement NNS 40119 698 37 of of IN 40119 698 38 the the DT 40119 698 39 lines line NNS 40119 698 40 themselves -PRON- PRP 40119 698 41 upon upon IN 40119 698 42 the the DT 40119 698 43 surface surface NN 40119 698 44 of of IN 40119 698 45 the the DT 40119 698 46 card card NN 40119 698 47 . . . 40119 699 1 When when WRB 40119 699 2 the the DT 40119 699 3 card card NN 40119 699 4 is be VBZ 40119 699 5 descending descend VBG 40119 699 6 the the DT 40119 699 7 vertical vertical JJ 40119 699 8 line line NN 40119 699 9 is be VBZ 40119 699 10 supposed suppose VBN 40119 699 11 to to TO 40119 699 12 slide slide VB 40119 699 13 a a DT 40119 699 14 little little JJ 40119 699 15 to to IN 40119 699 16 the the DT 40119 699 17 right right NN 40119 699 18 and and CC 40119 699 19 the the DT 40119 699 20 oblique oblique JJ 40119 699 21 line line NN 40119 699 22 to to IN 40119 699 23 the the DT 40119 699 24 left left NN 40119 699 25 , , , 40119 699 26 which which WDT 40119 699 27 would would MD 40119 699 28 have have VB 40119 699 29 the the DT 40119 699 30 effect effect NN 40119 699 31 of of IN 40119 699 32 lowering lower VBG 40119 699 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 699 34 point point NN 40119 699 35 of of IN 40119 699 36 intersection intersection NN 40119 699 37 independently independently RB 40119 699 38 of of IN 40119 699 39 the the DT 40119 699 40 downward downward JJ 40119 699 41 movement movement NN 40119 699 42 of of IN 40119 699 43 the the DT 40119 699 44 card card NN 40119 699 45 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 699 46 . . . 40119 700 1 When when WRB 40119 700 2 the the DT 40119 700 3 card card NN 40119 700 4 ascends ascend VBZ 40119 700 5 , , , 40119 700 6 these these DT 40119 700 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 700 8 movements movement NNS 40119 700 9 are be VBP 40119 700 10 supposed suppose VBN 40119 700 11 to to TO 40119 700 12 be be VB 40119 700 13 reversed reverse VBN 40119 700 14 , , , 40119 700 15 and and CC 40119 700 16 the the DT 40119 700 17 point point NN 40119 700 18 of of IN 40119 700 19 intersection intersection NN 40119 700 20 consequently consequently RB 40119 700 21 raised raise VBN 40119 700 22 . . . 40119 701 1 The the DT 40119 701 2 assumption assumption NN 40119 701 3 is be VBZ 40119 701 4 exactly exactly RB 40119 701 5 analogous analogous JJ 40119 701 6 to to IN 40119 701 7 that that DT 40119 701 8 made make VBD 40119 701 9 when when WRB 40119 701 10 an an DT 40119 701 11 angle angle NN 40119 701 12 of of IN 40119 701 13 slope slope NN 40119 701 14 is be VBZ 40119 701 15 unwittingly unwittingly RB 40119 701 16 minimised minimise VBN 40119 701 17 . . . 40119 702 1 Another another DT 40119 702 2 example example NN 40119 702 3 of of IN 40119 702 4 the the DT 40119 702 5 instability instability NN 40119 702 6 of of IN 40119 702 7 a a DT 40119 702 8 mental mental JJ 40119 702 9 standard standard NN 40119 702 10 occurs occur VBZ 40119 702 11 in in IN 40119 702 12 the the DT 40119 702 13 estimation estimation NN 40119 702 14 of of IN 40119 702 15 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 702 16 . . . 40119 703 1 The the DT 40119 703 2 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 703 3 of of IN 40119 703 4 a a DT 40119 703 5 bright bright JJ 40119 703 6 object object NN 40119 703 7 , , , 40119 703 8 if if IN 40119 703 9 reckoned reckon VBN 40119 703 10 in in IN 40119 703 11 terms term NNS 40119 703 12 of of IN 40119 703 13 the the DT 40119 703 14 same same JJ 40119 703 15 unit unit NN 40119 703 16 as as IN 40119 703 17 that that DT 40119 703 18 applied apply VBD 40119 703 19 in in IN 40119 703 20 judging judging NN 40119 703 21 of of IN 40119 703 22 a a DT 40119 703 23 less less RBR 40119 703 24 bright bright JJ 40119 703 25 one one NN 40119 703 26 , , , 40119 703 27 would would MD 40119 703 28 appear appear VB 40119 703 29 to to TO 40119 703 30 be be VB 40119 703 31 greater great JJR 40119 703 32 than than IN 40119 703 33 it -PRON- PRP 40119 703 34 actually actually RB 40119 703 35 does do VBZ 40119 703 36 appear appear VB 40119 703 37 , , , 40119 703 38 and and CC 40119 703 39 this this DT 40119 703 40 quite quite RB 40119 703 41 independently independently RB 40119 703 42 of of IN 40119 703 43 any any DT 40119 703 44 effects effect NNS 40119 703 45 of of IN 40119 703 46 fatigue fatigue NN 40119 703 47 . . . 40119 704 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 704 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 704 3 : : : 40119 704 4 _ _ NNP 40119 704 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 704 6 . . . 40119 705 1 34.--Illusion 34.--illusion CD 40119 705 2 of of IN 40119 705 3 Luminosity Luminosity NNP 40119 705 4 . . . 40119 705 5 _ _ NNP 40119 705 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 705 7 The the DT 40119 705 8 fact fact NN 40119 705 9 is be VBZ 40119 705 10 well well RB 40119 705 11 illustrated illustrate VBN 40119 705 12 by by IN 40119 705 13 a a DT 40119 705 14 familiar familiar JJ 40119 705 15 experiment experiment NN 40119 705 16 . . . 40119 706 1 Fig fig NN 40119 706 2 . . . 40119 707 1 34 34 CD 40119 707 2 is be VBZ 40119 707 3 photographed photograph VBN 40119 707 4 from from IN 40119 707 5 a a DT 40119 707 6 transparency transparency NN 40119 707 7 made make VBN 40119 707 8 by by IN 40119 707 9 superposing superpose VBG 40119 707 10 several several JJ 40119 707 11 different different JJ 40119 707 12 lengths length NNS 40119 707 13 of of IN 40119 707 14 gelatine gelatine NN 40119 707 15 film film NN 40119 707 16 so so IN 40119 707 17 as as IN 40119 707 18 to to TO 40119 707 19 form form VB 40119 707 20 a a DT 40119 707 21 series series NN 40119 707 22 of of IN 40119 707 23 steps step NNS 40119 707 24 . . . 40119 708 1 At at IN 40119 708 2 the the DT 40119 708 3 right right JJ 40119 708 4 - - HYPH 40119 708 5 hand hand NN 40119 708 6 end end NN 40119 708 7 of of IN 40119 708 8 the the DT 40119 708 9 image image NN 40119 708 10 the the DT 40119 708 11 light light NN 40119 708 12 has have VBZ 40119 708 13 passed pass VBN 40119 708 14 through through IN 40119 708 15 only only RB 40119 708 16 one one CD 40119 708 17 layer layer NN 40119 708 18 of of IN 40119 708 19 the the DT 40119 708 20 film film NN 40119 708 21 ; ; : 40119 708 22 in in IN 40119 708 23 the the DT 40119 708 24 next next JJ 40119 708 25 division division NN 40119 708 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 708 27 has have VBZ 40119 708 28 traversed traverse VBN 40119 708 29 two two CD 40119 708 30 layers layer NNS 40119 708 31 , , , 40119 708 32 in in IN 40119 708 33 the the DT 40119 708 34 next next JJ 40119 708 35 , , , 40119 708 36 three three CD 40119 708 37 , , , 40119 708 38 and and CC 40119 708 39 in in IN 40119 708 40 the the DT 40119 708 41 last last JJ 40119 708 42 , , , 40119 708 43 four four CD 40119 708 44 . . . 40119 709 1 The the DT 40119 709 2 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 709 3 of of IN 40119 709 4 each each DT 40119 709 5 of of IN 40119 709 6 the the DT 40119 709 7 four four CD 40119 709 8 squares square NNS 40119 709 9 into into IN 40119 709 10 which which WDT 40119 709 11 the the DT 40119 709 12 oblong oblong NN 40119 709 13 is be VBZ 40119 709 14 divided divide VBN 40119 709 15 is be VBZ 40119 709 16 , , , 40119 709 17 in in IN 40119 709 18 a a DT 40119 709 19 physical physical JJ 40119 709 20 sense sense NN 40119 709 21 , , , 40119 709 22 quite quite RB 40119 709 23 uniform uniform JJ 40119 709 24 , , , 40119 709 25 but but CC 40119 709 26 the the DT 40119 709 27 mental mental JJ 40119 709 28 standard standard NN 40119 709 29 of of IN 40119 709 30 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 709 31 varies vary VBZ 40119 709 32 for for IN 40119 709 33 different different JJ 40119 709 34 parts part NNS 40119 709 35 of of IN 40119 709 36 the the DT 40119 709 37 image image NN 40119 709 38 , , , 40119 709 39 increasing increase VBG 40119 709 40 or or CC 40119 709 41 decreasing decrease VBG 40119 709 42 , , , 40119 709 43 as as IN 40119 709 44 the the DT 40119 709 45 case case NN 40119 709 46 may may MD 40119 709 47 be be VB 40119 709 48 , , , 40119 709 49 not not RB 40119 709 50 _ _ NNP 40119 709 51 per per IN 40119 709 52 saltum saltum NN 40119 709 53 _ _ NNP 40119 709 54 , , , 40119 709 55 but but CC 40119 709 56 smoothly smoothly RB 40119 709 57 and and CC 40119 709 58 continuously continuously RB 40119 709 59 , , , 40119 709 60 with with IN 40119 709 61 the the DT 40119 709 62 result result NN 40119 709 63 that that IN 40119 709 64 each each DT 40119 709 65 square square NN 40119 709 66 looks look VBZ 40119 709 67 brighter bright JJR 40119 709 68 towards towards IN 40119 709 69 the the DT 40119 709 70 left left NN 40119 709 71 than than IN 40119 709 72 towards towards IN 40119 709 73 the the DT 40119 709 74 right right NN 40119 709 75 . . . 40119 710 1 The the DT 40119 710 2 appearance appearance NN 40119 710 3 , , , 40119 710 4 which which WDT 40119 710 5 is be VBZ 40119 710 6 often often RB 40119 710 7 likened liken VBN 40119 710 8 to to IN 40119 710 9 that that DT 40119 710 10 presented present VBN 40119 710 11 by by IN 40119 710 12 a a DT 40119 710 13 fragment fragment NN 40119 710 14 of of IN 40119 710 15 a a DT 40119 710 16 fluted fluted JJ 40119 710 17 column column NN 40119 710 18 , , , 40119 710 19 is be VBZ 40119 710 20 equally equally RB 40119 710 21 well well RB 40119 710 22 shown show VBN 40119 710 23 when when WRB 40119 710 24 the the DT 40119 710 25 diagram diagram NN 40119 710 26 is be VBZ 40119 710 27 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 710 28 instantaneously instantaneously RB 40119 710 29 by by IN 40119 710 30 an an DT 40119 710 31 electric electric JJ 40119 710 32 spark spark NN 40119 710 33 , , , 40119 710 34 and and CC 40119 710 35 can can MD 40119 710 36 not not RB 40119 710 37 , , , 40119 710 38 therefore therefore RB 40119 710 39 , , , 40119 710 40 be be VB 40119 710 41 accounted account VBN 40119 710 42 for for IN 40119 710 43 by by IN 40119 710 44 retinal retinal JJ 40119 710 45 fatigue fatigue NN 40119 710 46 . . . 40119 711 1 If if IN 40119 711 2 the the DT 40119 711 3 squares square NNS 40119 711 4 are be VBP 40119 711 5 separated separate VBN 40119 711 6 from from IN 40119 711 7 one one CD 40119 711 8 another another DT 40119 711 9 by by IN 40119 711 10 distinct distinct JJ 40119 711 11 lines line NNS 40119 711 12 of of IN 40119 711 13 demarcation demarcation NN 40119 711 14 , , , 40119 711 15 however however WRB 40119 711 16 fine fine JJ 40119 711 17 , , , 40119 711 18 the the DT 40119 711 19 standard standard NN 40119 711 20 of of IN 40119 711 21 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 711 22 becomes become VBZ 40119 711 23 uniform uniform NN 40119 711 24 for for IN 40119 711 25 each each DT 40119 711 26 square square NN 40119 711 27 , , , 40119 711 28 and and CC 40119 711 29 the the DT 40119 711 30 illusion illusion NN 40119 711 31 vanishes vanishe NNS 40119 711 32 . . . 40119 712 1 This this DT 40119 712 2 fact fact NN 40119 712 3 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 712 4 disposes dispose VBZ 40119 712 5 of of IN 40119 712 6 the the DT 40119 712 7 hypothesis hypothesis NN 40119 712 8 which which WDT 40119 712 9 has have VBZ 40119 712 10 been be VBN 40119 712 11 advanced advance VBN 40119 712 12 to to IN 40119 712 13 the the DT 40119 712 14 effect effect NN 40119 712 15 that that WDT 40119 712 16 the the DT 40119 712 17 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 712 18 is be VBZ 40119 712 19 due due JJ 40119 712 20 to to IN 40119 712 21 physiological physiological JJ 40119 712 22 causes cause NNS 40119 712 23 . . . 40119 713 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 713 2 now now RB 40119 713 3 propose propose VBP 40119 713 4 to to TO 40119 713 5 discuss discuss VB 40119 713 6 a a DT 40119 713 7 curious curious JJ 40119 713 8 consequence consequence NN 40119 713 9 of of IN 40119 713 10 the the DT 40119 713 11 fluctuation fluctuation NN 40119 713 12 of of IN 40119 713 13 unaided unaided JJ 40119 713 14 judgment judgment NN 40119 713 15 as as IN 40119 713 16 regards regard VBZ 40119 713 17 the the DT 40119 713 18 purity purity NN 40119 713 19 of of IN 40119 713 20 a a DT 40119 713 21 colour colour NN 40119 713 22 . . . 40119 714 1 When when WRB 40119 714 2 any any DT 40119 714 3 colour colour NN 40119 714 4 occupies occupy VBZ 40119 714 5 a a DT 40119 714 6 predominant predominant JJ 40119 714 7 place place NN 40119 714 8 in in IN 40119 714 9 the the DT 40119 714 10 field field NN 40119 714 11 of of IN 40119 714 12 vision vision NN 40119 714 13 , , , 40119 714 14 we -PRON- PRP 40119 714 15 are be VBP 40119 714 16 apt apt JJ 40119 714 17 to to TO 40119 714 18 consider consider VB 40119 714 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 714 20 as as IN 40119 714 21 being be VBG 40119 714 22 less less RBR 40119 714 23 pure pure JJ 40119 714 24 , , , 40119 714 25 or or CC 40119 714 26 paler paler NN 40119 714 27 , , , 40119 714 28 than than IN 40119 714 29 we -PRON- PRP 40119 714 30 should should MD 40119 714 31 if if IN 40119 714 32 it -PRON- PRP 40119 714 33 were be VBD 40119 714 34 less less RBR 40119 714 35 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 714 36 , , , 40119 714 37 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 714 38 standard standard NN 40119 714 39 of of IN 40119 714 40 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 714 41 tending tend VBG 40119 714 42 to to TO 40119 714 43 approximate approximate VB 40119 714 44 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 714 45 to to IN 40119 714 46 the the DT 40119 714 47 colour colour NN 40119 714 48 in in IN 40119 714 49 question question NN 40119 714 50 . . . 40119 715 1 For for IN 40119 715 2 the the DT 40119 715 3 sake sake NN 40119 715 4 of of IN 40119 715 5 clearness clearness NN 40119 715 6 let let VBD 40119 715 7 us -PRON- PRP 40119 715 8 first first RB 40119 715 9 confine confine VB 40119 715 10 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 715 11 attention attention NN 40119 715 12 to to IN 40119 715 13 a a DT 40119 715 14 definite definite JJ 40119 715 15 colour colour NN 40119 715 16 -- -- : 40119 715 17 say say VBP 40119 715 18 red red NN 40119 715 19 . . . 40119 716 1 An an DT 40119 716 2 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 716 3 pure pure JJ 40119 716 4 red red NN 40119 716 5 is be VBZ 40119 716 6 one one NN 40119 716 7 that that WDT 40119 716 8 is be VBZ 40119 716 9 entirely entirely RB 40119 716 10 free free JJ 40119 716 11 from from IN 40119 716 12 any any DT 40119 716 13 admixture admixture NN 40119 716 14 of of IN 40119 716 15 white white JJ 40119 716 16 ; ; : 40119 716 17 in in IN 40119 716 18 proportion proportion NN 40119 716 19 as as IN 40119 716 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 716 21 contains contain VBZ 40119 716 22 more more JJR 40119 716 23 and and CC 40119 716 24 more more RBR 40119 716 25 white white JJ 40119 716 26 , , , 40119 716 27 the the DT 40119 716 28 more more JJR 40119 716 29 impure impure NN 40119 716 30 , , , 40119 716 31 or or CC 40119 716 32 in in IN 40119 716 33 other other JJ 40119 716 34 words word NNS 40119 716 35 , , , 40119 716 36 the the DT 40119 716 37 more more RBR 40119 716 38 pale pale JJ 40119 716 39 does do VBZ 40119 716 40 it -PRON- PRP 40119 716 41 become become VB 40119 716 42 , , , 40119 716 43 until until IN 40119 716 44 at at IN 40119 716 45 last last JJ 40119 716 46 all all DT 40119 716 47 trace trace NN 40119 716 48 of of IN 40119 716 49 perceptible perceptible JJ 40119 716 50 redness redness NN 40119 716 51 is be VBZ 40119 716 52 lost lose VBN 40119 716 53 and and CC 40119 716 54 the the DT 40119 716 55 colour colour NN 40119 716 56 is be VBZ 40119 716 57 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 40119 716 58 from from IN 40119 716 59 white white JJ 40119 716 60 . . . 40119 717 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 717 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 717 3 : : : 40119 717 4 _ _ NNP 40119 717 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 717 6 . . . 40119 718 1 35.--Illusion 35.--illusion CD 40119 718 2 of of IN 40119 718 3 Colour Colour NNP 40119 718 4 . . . 40119 718 5 _ _ NNP 40119 718 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 718 7 A a DT 40119 718 8 convenient convenient JJ 40119 718 9 way way NN 40119 718 10 of of IN 40119 718 11 picturing picture VBG 40119 718 12 the the DT 40119 718 13 scale scale NN 40119 718 14 of of IN 40119 718 15 purity purity NN 40119 718 16 is be VBZ 40119 718 17 shown show VBN 40119 718 18 in in IN 40119 718 19 Fig Fig NNP 40119 718 20 35 35 CD 40119 718 21 . . . 40119 719 1 The the DT 40119 719 2 shaded shaded JJ 40119 719 3 oblong oblong NN 40119 719 4 may may MD 40119 719 5 be be VB 40119 719 6 supposed suppose VBN 40119 719 7 to to TO 40119 719 8 represent represent VB 40119 719 9 a a DT 40119 719 10 painted paint VBN 40119 719 11 strip strip NN 40119 719 12 of of IN 40119 719 13 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 719 14 or or CC 40119 719 15 paper paper NN 40119 719 16 . . . 40119 720 1 At at IN 40119 720 2 the the DT 40119 720 3 extreme extreme JJ 40119 720 4 right right JJ 40119 720 5 hand hand NN 40119 720 6 end end VB 40119 720 7 the the DT 40119 720 8 colour colour NN 40119 720 9 is be VBZ 40119 720 10 supposed suppose VBN 40119 720 11 to to TO 40119 720 12 be be VB 40119 720 13 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 720 14 pure pure JJ 40119 720 15 red red JJ 40119 720 16 ; ; : 40119 720 17 towards towards IN 40119 720 18 the the DT 40119 720 19 left left NN 40119 720 20 the the DT 40119 720 21 red red NN 40119 720 22 gradually gradually RB 40119 720 23 becomes become VBZ 40119 720 24 paler paler NN 40119 720 25 or or CC 40119 720 26 more more JJR 40119 720 27 dilute dilute NN 40119 720 28 , , , 40119 720 29 and and CC 40119 720 30 at at IN 40119 720 31 the the DT 40119 720 32 middle middle NN 40119 720 33 of of IN 40119 720 34 the the DT 40119 720 35 diagram diagram NN 40119 720 36 it -PRON- PRP 40119 720 37 has have VBZ 40119 720 38 merged merge VBN 40119 720 39 into into IN 40119 720 40 perfect perfect JJ 40119 720 41 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 720 42 . . . 40119 721 1 The the DT 40119 721 2 figures figure NNS 40119 721 3 0 0 CD 40119 721 4 to to IN 40119 721 5 100 100 CD 40119 721 6 from from IN 40119 721 7 left leave VBN 40119 721 8 to to IN 40119 721 9 right right JJ 40119 721 10 denote denote VB 40119 721 11 the the DT 40119 721 12 percentage percentage NN 40119 721 13 of of IN 40119 721 14 free free JJ 40119 721 15 red red NN 40119 721 16 contained contain VBN 40119 721 17 in in IN 40119 721 18 the the DT 40119 721 19 mixture mixture NN 40119 721 20 at at IN 40119 721 21 different different JJ 40119 721 22 parts part NNS 40119 721 23 of of IN 40119 721 24 the the DT 40119 721 25 scale scale NN 40119 721 26 ; ; : 40119 721 27 the the DT 40119 721 28 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 721 29 is be VBZ 40119 721 30 supposed suppose VBN 40119 721 31 to to TO 40119 721 32 be be VB 40119 721 33 uniform uniform JJ 40119 721 34 throughout throughout IN 40119 721 35 . . . 40119 722 1 Now now RB 40119 722 2 the the DT 40119 722 3 white white JJ 40119 722 4 light light NN 40119 722 5 with with IN 40119 722 6 which which WDT 40119 722 7 the the DT 40119 722 8 red red NN 40119 722 9 is be VBZ 40119 722 10 diluted dilute VBN 40119 722 11 may may MD 40119 722 12 be be VB 40119 722 13 regarded regard VBN 40119 722 14 as as IN 40119 722 15 consisting consist VBG 40119 722 16 of of IN 40119 722 17 two two CD 40119 722 18 parts part NNS 40119 722 19 , , , 40119 722 20 one one CD 40119 722 21 of of IN 40119 722 22 which which WDT 40119 722 23 is be VBZ 40119 722 24 of of IN 40119 722 25 exactly exactly RB 40119 722 26 the the DT 40119 722 27 same same JJ 40119 722 28 hue hue NN 40119 722 29 as as IN 40119 722 30 the the DT 40119 722 31 pure pure JJ 40119 722 32 red red NN 40119 722 33 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 722 34 , , , 40119 722 35 and and CC 40119 722 36 the the DT 40119 722 37 other other JJ 40119 722 38 an an DT 40119 722 39 equivalent equivalent JJ 40119 722 40 proportion proportion NN 40119 722 41 of of IN 40119 722 42 the the DT 40119 722 43 complementary complementary JJ 40119 722 44 colour colour NN 40119 722 45 , , , 40119 722 46 which which WDT 40119 722 47 in in IN 40119 722 48 the the DT 40119 722 49 present present JJ 40119 722 50 case case NN 40119 722 51 will will MD 40119 722 52 be be VB 40119 722 53 greenish greenish NN 40119 722 54 - - HYPH 40119 722 55 blue blue JJ 40119 722 56 . . . 40119 723 1 The the DT 40119 723 2 fact fact NN 40119 723 3 therefore therefore RB 40119 723 4 really really RB 40119 723 5 is be VBZ 40119 723 6 that that DT 40119 723 7 , , , 40119 723 8 as as IN 40119 723 9 we -PRON- PRP 40119 723 10 pass pass VBP 40119 723 11 along along IN 40119 723 12 the the DT 40119 723 13 scale scale NN 40119 723 14 from from IN 40119 723 15 100 100 CD 40119 723 16 to to IN 40119 723 17 0 0 CD 40119 723 18 , , , 40119 723 19 the the DT 40119 723 20 _ _ NNP 40119 723 21 total total NN 40119 723 22 _ _ NNP 40119 723 23 quantity quantity NN 40119 723 24 of of IN 40119 723 25 red red NN 40119 723 26 in in IN 40119 723 27 the the DT 40119 723 28 mixture mixture NN 40119 723 29 is be VBZ 40119 723 30 not not RB 40119 723 31 reduced reduce VBN 40119 723 32 to to IN 40119 723 33 nothing nothing NN 40119 723 34 , , , 40119 723 35 but but CC 40119 723 36 only only RB 40119 723 37 to to IN 40119 723 38 one one CD 40119 723 39 half half NN 40119 723 40 , , , 40119 723 41 while while IN 40119 723 42 at at IN 40119 723 43 the the DT 40119 723 44 same same JJ 40119 723 45 time time NN 40119 723 46 greenish greenish NN 40119 723 47 - - HYPH 40119 723 48 blue blue JJ 40119 723 49 is be VBZ 40119 723 50 added add VBN 40119 723 51 in in IN 40119 723 52 proportions proportion NNS 40119 723 53 increasing increase VBG 40119 723 54 from from IN 40119 723 55 nought nought NN 40119 723 56 at at IN 40119 723 57 the the DT 40119 723 58 extreme extreme JJ 40119 723 59 right right NN 40119 723 60 to to IN 40119 723 61 50 50 CD 40119 723 62 per per NN 40119 723 63 cent cent NN 40119 723 64 . . . 40119 724 1 of of IN 40119 724 2 the the DT 40119 724 3 whole whole NN 40119 724 4 at at IN 40119 724 5 the the DT 40119 724 6 middle middle NN 40119 724 7 of of IN 40119 724 8 the the DT 40119 724 9 card card NN 40119 724 10 . . . 40119 725 1 The the DT 40119 725 2 ordinates ordinate NNS 40119 725 3 of of IN 40119 725 4 the the DT 40119 725 5 quadrilateral quadrilateral JJ 40119 725 6 figure figure NN 40119 725 7 E e NN 40119 725 8 D D NNP 40119 725 9 B B NNP 40119 725 10 F f NN 40119 725 11 show show VB 40119 725 12 the the DT 40119 725 13 proportion proportion NN 40119 725 14 of of IN 40119 725 15 red red NN 40119 725 16 , , , 40119 725 17 and and CC 40119 725 18 those those DT 40119 725 19 of of IN 40119 725 20 the the DT 40119 725 21 triangle triangle NN 40119 725 22 E E NNP 40119 725 23 F f NN 40119 725 24 B b NN 40119 725 25 the the DT 40119 725 26 proportion proportion NN 40119 725 27 of of IN 40119 725 28 greenish greenish NN 40119 725 29 - - HYPH 40119 725 30 blue blue JJ 40119 725 31 , , , 40119 725 32 at at IN 40119 725 33 different different JJ 40119 725 34 parts part NNS 40119 725 35 of of IN 40119 725 36 the the DT 40119 725 37 scale scale NN 40119 725 38 . . . 40119 726 1 Regarding regard VBG 40119 726 2 the the DT 40119 726 3 portion portion NN 40119 726 4 of of IN 40119 726 5 the the DT 40119 726 6 strip strip NN 40119 726 7 which which WDT 40119 726 8 lies lie VBZ 40119 726 9 above above IN 40119 726 10 the the DT 40119 726 11 point point NN 40119 726 12 marked mark VBD 40119 726 13 0 0 CD 40119 726 14 , , , 40119 726 15 as as IN 40119 726 16 representing represent VBG 40119 726 17 the the DT 40119 726 18 zero zero CD 40119 726 19 of of IN 40119 726 20 colour colour NN 40119 726 21 -- -- : 40119 726 22 that that RB 40119 726 23 is is RB 40119 726 24 , , , 40119 726 25 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 726 26 or or CC 40119 726 27 greyness greyness NN 40119 726 28 , , , 40119 726 29 which which WDT 40119 726 30 is be VBZ 40119 726 31 essentially essentially RB 40119 726 32 the the DT 40119 726 33 same same JJ 40119 726 34 as as IN 40119 726 35 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 726 36 -- -- : 40119 726 37 let let VB 40119 726 38 us -PRON- PRP 40119 726 39 continue continue VB 40119 726 40 the the DT 40119 726 41 diagram diagram NN 40119 726 42 in in IN 40119 726 43 the the DT 40119 726 44 negative negative JJ 40119 726 45 direction direction NN 40119 726 46 , , , 40119 726 47 gradually gradually RB 40119 726 48 reducing reduce VBG 40119 726 49 the the DT 40119 726 50 quantity quantity NN 40119 726 51 of of IN 40119 726 52 red red NN 40119 726 53 until until IN 40119 726 54 it -PRON- PRP 40119 726 55 falls fall VBZ 40119 726 56 from from IN 40119 726 57 50 50 CD 40119 726 58 per per NN 40119 726 59 cent cent NN 40119 726 60 . . . 40119 727 1 of of IN 40119 727 2 the the DT 40119 727 3 whole whole NN 40119 727 4 at at IN 40119 727 5 F F NNP 40119 727 6 to to IN 40119 727 7 nothing nothing NN 40119 727 8 at at IN 40119 727 9 A A NNP 40119 727 10 , , , 40119 727 11 and and CC 40119 727 12 at at IN 40119 727 13 the the DT 40119 727 14 same same JJ 40119 727 15 time time NN 40119 727 16 increasing increase VBG 40119 727 17 that that DT 40119 727 18 of of IN 40119 727 19 the the DT 40119 727 20 greenish greenish NN 40119 727 21 - - HYPH 40119 727 22 blue blue JJ 40119 727 23 from from IN 40119 727 24 50 50 CD 40119 727 25 per per NN 40119 727 26 cent cent NN 40119 727 27 . . . 40119 728 1 at at IN 40119 728 2 F F NNP 40119 728 3 to to IN 40119 728 4 100 100 CD 40119 728 5 per per NN 40119 728 6 cent cent NN 40119 728 7 . . . 40119 729 1 at at IN 40119 729 2 A. A. NNP 40119 730 1 The the DT 40119 730 2 resultant resultant JJ 40119 730 3 hue hue NN 40119 730 4 in in IN 40119 730 5 the the DT 40119 730 6 portion portion NN 40119 730 7 of of IN 40119 730 8 the the DT 40119 730 9 card card NN 40119 730 10 between between IN 40119 730 11 F F NNP 40119 730 12 and and CC 40119 730 13 A a DT 40119 730 14 will will MD 40119 730 15 be be VB 40119 730 16 greenish greenish NN 40119 730 17 - - HYPH 40119 730 18 blue blue JJ 40119 730 19 , , , 40119 730 20 which which WDT 40119 730 21 begins begin VBZ 40119 730 22 to to TO 40119 730 23 be be VB 40119 730 24 perceptible perceptible JJ 40119 730 25 as as IN 40119 730 26 a a DT 40119 730 27 very very RB 40119 730 28 pale pale JJ 40119 730 29 tint tint NN 40119 730 30 just just RB 40119 730 31 to to IN 40119 730 32 the the DT 40119 730 33 left left NN 40119 730 34 of of IN 40119 730 35 F F NNP 40119 730 36 , , , 40119 730 37 and and CC 40119 730 38 increases increase NNS 40119 730 39 in in IN 40119 730 40 purity purity NN 40119 730 41 as as IN 40119 730 42 A A NNP 40119 730 43 is be VBZ 40119 730 44 approached approach VBN 40119 730 45 , , , 40119 730 46 at at IN 40119 730 47 which which WDT 40119 730 48 point point NN 40119 730 49 the the DT 40119 730 50 colour colour NN 40119 730 51 will will MD 40119 730 52 be be VB 40119 730 53 entirely entirely RB 40119 730 54 free free JJ 40119 730 55 from from IN 40119 730 56 any any DT 40119 730 57 admixture admixture NN 40119 730 58 with with IN 40119 730 59 white white NN 40119 730 60 . . . 40119 731 1 We -PRON- PRP 40119 731 2 have have VBP 40119 731 3 in in IN 40119 731 4 the the DT 40119 731 5 scale scale NN 40119 731 6 thus thus RB 40119 731 7 presented present VBN 40119 731 8 to to IN 40119 731 9 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 731 10 imagination imagination NN 40119 731 11 a a DT 40119 731 12 pair pair NN 40119 731 13 of of IN 40119 731 14 colours colour NNS 40119 731 15 , , , 40119 731 16 each each DT 40119 731 17 occupying occupy VBG 40119 731 18 one one CD 40119 731 19 - - HYPH 40119 731 20 half half NN 40119 731 21 of of IN 40119 731 22 the the DT 40119 731 23 scale scale NN 40119 731 24 , , , 40119 731 25 and and CC 40119 731 26 gradually gradually RB 40119 731 27 diminishing diminish VBG 40119 731 28 in in IN 40119 731 29 purity purity NN 40119 731 30 towards towards IN 40119 731 31 the the DT 40119 731 32 middle middle JJ 40119 731 33 line line NN 40119 731 34 ; ; : 40119 731 35 here here RB 40119 731 36 only only RB 40119 731 37 , , , 40119 731 38 just just RB 40119 731 39 at at IN 40119 731 40 the the DT 40119 731 41 stage stage NN 40119 731 42 where where WRB 40119 731 43 one one CD 40119 731 44 colour colour NN 40119 731 45 merges merge NNS 40119 731 46 into into IN 40119 731 47 the the DT 40119 731 48 other other JJ 40119 731 49 , , , 40119 731 50 is be VBZ 40119 731 51 there there EX 40119 731 52 no no DT 40119 731 53 colour colour NN 40119 731 54 at at RB 40119 731 55 all all RB 40119 731 56 , , , 40119 731 57 and and CC 40119 731 58 this this DT 40119 731 59 region region NN 40119 731 60 represents represent VBZ 40119 731 61 the the DT 40119 731 62 fixed fix VBN 40119 731 63 physical physical JJ 40119 731 64 zero zero CD 40119 731 65 or or CC 40119 731 66 standard standard NN 40119 731 67 from from IN 40119 731 68 which which WDT 40119 731 69 is be VBZ 40119 731 70 reckoned reckon VBN 40119 731 71 the the DT 40119 731 72 purity purity NN 40119 731 73 of of IN 40119 731 74 a a DT 40119 731 75 colour colour NN 40119 731 76 corresponding correspond VBG 40119 731 77 to to IN 40119 731 78 any any DT 40119 731 79 other other JJ 40119 731 80 portion portion NN 40119 731 81 of of IN 40119 731 82 the the DT 40119 731 83 scale scale NN 40119 731 84 . . . 40119 732 1 The the DT 40119 732 2 completed complete VBN 40119 732 3 scale scale NN 40119 732 4 , , , 40119 732 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 732 6 will will MD 40119 732 7 be be VB 40119 732 8 observed observe VBN 40119 732 9 , , , 40119 732 10 though though IN 40119 732 11 originally originally RB 40119 732 12 intended intend VBN 40119 732 13 only only RB 40119 732 14 for for IN 40119 732 15 the the DT 40119 732 16 case case NN 40119 732 17 of of IN 40119 732 18 red red NN 40119 732 19 , , , 40119 732 20 turns turn VBZ 40119 732 21 out out RP 40119 732 22 to to TO 40119 732 23 be be VB 40119 732 24 equally equally RB 40119 732 25 serviceable serviceable JJ 40119 732 26 for for IN 40119 732 27 greenish greenish NN 40119 732 28 - - HYPH 40119 732 29 blue blue JJ 40119 732 30 : : : 40119 732 31 if if IN 40119 732 32 we -PRON- PRP 40119 732 33 consider consider VBP 40119 732 34 greenish greenish NN 40119 732 35 - - HYPH 40119 732 36 blue blue JJ 40119 732 37 as as IN 40119 732 38 positive positive JJ 40119 732 39 , , , 40119 732 40 then then RB 40119 732 41 the the DT 40119 732 42 red red NN 40119 732 43 , , , 40119 732 44 being be VBG 40119 732 45 on on IN 40119 732 46 the the DT 40119 732 47 other other JJ 40119 732 48 side side NN 40119 732 49 of of IN 40119 732 50 zero zero CD 40119 732 51 , , , 40119 732 52 must must MD 40119 732 53 be be VB 40119 732 54 regarded regard VBN 40119 732 55 as as IN 40119 732 56 negative negative JJ 40119 732 57 . . . 40119 733 1 Any any DT 40119 733 2 other other JJ 40119 733 3 possible possible JJ 40119 733 4 pairs pair NNS 40119 733 5 of of IN 40119 733 6 complementary complementary JJ 40119 733 7 colours colour NNS 40119 733 8 may may MD 40119 733 9 be be VB 40119 733 10 similarly similarly RB 40119 733 11 treated treat VBN 40119 733 12 . . . 40119 734 1 This this DT 40119 734 2 device device NN 40119 734 3 enables enable VBZ 40119 734 4 us -PRON- PRP 40119 734 5 at at IN 40119 734 6 once once RB 40119 734 7 to to TO 40119 734 8 understand understand VB 40119 734 9 the the DT 40119 734 10 consequence consequence NN 40119 734 11 of of IN 40119 734 12 mentally mentally RB 40119 734 13 displacing displace VBG 40119 734 14 the the DT 40119 734 15 zero zero CD 40119 734 16 , , , 40119 734 17 while while IN 40119 734 18 physically physically RB 40119 734 19 the the DT 40119 734 20 scale scale NN 40119 734 21 remains remain VBZ 40119 734 22 unchanged unchanged JJ 40119 734 23 . . . 40119 735 1 When when WRB 40119 735 2 red red NNP 40119 735 3 is be VBZ 40119 735 4 the the DT 40119 735 5 prevailing prevail VBG 40119 735 6 colour colour NN 40119 735 7 in in IN 40119 735 8 the the DT 40119 735 9 field field NN 40119 735 10 of of IN 40119 735 11 vision vision NN 40119 735 12 , , , 40119 735 13 we -PRON- PRP 40119 735 14 are be VBP 40119 735 15 inclined inclined JJ 40119 735 16 to to TO 40119 735 17 consider consider VB 40119 735 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 735 19 unduly unduly RB 40119 735 20 pale pale JJ 40119 735 21 ; ; : 40119 735 22 in in IN 40119 735 23 other other JJ 40119 735 24 words word NNS 40119 735 25 we -PRON- PRP 40119 735 26 imagine imagine VBP 40119 735 27 it -PRON- PRP 40119 735 28 to to TO 40119 735 29 be be VB 40119 735 30 nearer nearer IN 40119 735 31 the the DT 40119 735 32 zero zero CD 40119 735 33 of of IN 40119 735 34 the the DT 40119 735 35 scale scale NN 40119 735 36 than than IN 40119 735 37 is be VBZ 40119 735 38 actually actually RB 40119 735 39 the the DT 40119 735 40 case case NN 40119 735 41 , , , 40119 735 42 and and CC 40119 735 43 so so RB 40119 735 44 are be VBP 40119 735 45 led lead VBN 40119 735 46 to to TO 40119 735 47 shift shift VB 40119 735 48 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 735 49 standard standard NN 40119 735 50 of of IN 40119 735 51 whiteness whiteness NN 40119 735 52 from from IN 40119 735 53 the the DT 40119 735 54 middle middle NN 40119 735 55 slightly slightly RB 40119 735 56 towards towards IN 40119 735 57 the the DT 40119 735 58 red red JJ 40119 735 59 end end NN 40119 735 60 of of IN 40119 735 61 the the DT 40119 735 62 scale scale NN 40119 735 63 . . . 40119 736 1 The the DT 40119 736 2 new new JJ 40119 736 3 position position NN 40119 736 4 assigned assign VBN 40119 736 5 to to IN 40119 736 6 white white JJ 40119 736 7 , , , 40119 736 8 being be VBG 40119 736 9 a a DT 40119 736 10 little little JJ 40119 736 11 to to IN 40119 736 12 the the DT 40119 736 13 right right NN 40119 736 14 of of IN 40119 736 15 the the DT 40119 736 16 point point NN 40119 736 17 marked mark VBD 40119 736 18 0 0 CD 40119 736 19 in in IN 40119 736 20 Fig Fig NNP 40119 736 21 . . . 40119 737 1 35 35 CD 40119 737 2 , , , 40119 737 3 is be VBZ 40119 737 4 one one CD 40119 737 5 where where WRB 40119 737 6 , , , 40119 737 7 under under IN 40119 737 8 customary customary JJ 40119 737 9 circumstances circumstance NNS 40119 737 10 , , , 40119 737 11 the the DT 40119 737 12 colour colour NN 40119 737 13 would would MD 40119 737 14 be be VB 40119 737 15 called call VBN 40119 737 16 pale pale JJ 40119 737 17 red red NN 40119 737 18 . . . 40119 738 1 At at IN 40119 738 2 the the DT 40119 738 3 same same JJ 40119 738 4 time time NN 40119 738 5 , , , 40119 738 6 an an DT 40119 738 7 object object NN 40119 738 8 which which WDT 40119 738 9 is be VBZ 40119 738 10 normally normally RB 40119 738 11 white white JJ 40119 738 12 , , , 40119 738 13 and and CC 40119 738 14 is be VBZ 40119 738 15 exactly exactly RB 40119 738 16 matched match VBN 40119 738 17 at at IN 40119 738 18 the the DT 40119 738 19 middle middle NN 40119 738 20 of of IN 40119 738 21 the the DT 40119 738 22 scale scale NN 40119 738 23 , , , 40119 738 24 would would MD 40119 738 25 be be VB 40119 738 26 a a DT 40119 738 27 little little JJ 40119 738 28 to to IN 40119 738 29 the the DT 40119 738 30 left left NN 40119 738 31 of of IN 40119 738 32 the the DT 40119 738 33 imaginary imaginary JJ 40119 738 34 zero zero CD 40119 738 35 , , , 40119 738 36 and and CC 40119 738 37 would would MD 40119 738 38 consequently consequently RB 40119 738 39 appear appear VB 40119 738 40 to to TO 40119 738 41 be be VB 40119 738 42 of of IN 40119 738 43 a a DT 40119 738 44 greenish greenish JJ 40119 738 45 - - HYPH 40119 738 46 blue blue JJ 40119 738 47 tint tint NN 40119 738 48 . . . 40119 739 1 This this DT 40119 739 2 apparent apparent JJ 40119 739 3 transformation transformation NN 40119 739 4 of of IN 40119 739 5 white white JJ 40119 739 6 or or CC 40119 739 7 grey grey NN 40119 739 8 into into IN 40119 739 9 a a DT 40119 739 10 decided decide VBN 40119 739 11 colour colour NN 40119 739 12 is be VBZ 40119 739 13 most most RBS 40119 739 14 striking striking JJ 40119 739 15 when when WRB 40119 739 16 the the DT 40119 739 17 inducing induce VBG 40119 739 18 colour colour NN 40119 739 19 is be VBZ 40119 739 20 considerably considerably RB 40119 739 21 diluted dilute VBN 40119 739 22 with with IN 40119 739 23 white white JJ 40119 739 24 or or CC 40119 739 25 is be VBZ 40119 739 26 of of IN 40119 739 27 feeble feeble JJ 40119 739 28 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 739 29 . . . 40119 740 1 A a DT 40119 740 2 small small JJ 40119 740 3 fragment fragment NN 40119 740 4 of of IN 40119 740 5 neutral neutral JJ 40119 740 6 grey grey NNP 40119 740 7 paper paper NNP 40119 740 8 , , , 40119 740 9 placed place VBN 40119 740 10 upon upon IN 40119 740 11 a a DT 40119 740 12 much much RB 40119 740 13 larger large JJR 40119 740 14 piece piece NN 40119 740 15 of of IN 40119 740 16 a a DT 40119 740 17 bright bright JJ 40119 740 18 red red JJ 40119 740 19 hue hue NN 40119 740 20 , , , 40119 740 21 generally generally RB 40119 740 22 appears appear VBZ 40119 740 23 at at IN 40119 740 24 the the DT 40119 740 25 first first JJ 40119 740 26 glance[11 glance[11 NN 40119 740 27 ] ] -RRB- 40119 740 28 to to TO 40119 740 29 be be VB 40119 740 30 greenish greenish NN 40119 740 31 - - HYPH 40119 740 32 blue blue JJ 40119 740 33 , , , 40119 740 34 but but CC 40119 740 35 if if IN 40119 740 36 the the DT 40119 740 37 light light NN 40119 740 38 is be VBZ 40119 740 39 at at RB 40119 740 40 all all RB 40119 740 41 strong strong JJ 40119 740 42 , , , 40119 740 43 only only RB 40119 740 44 slightly slightly RB 40119 740 45 so so RB 40119 740 46 . . . 40119 741 1 If if IN 40119 741 2 , , , 40119 741 3 however however RB 40119 741 4 , , , 40119 741 5 a a DT 40119 741 6 sheet sheet NN 40119 741 7 of of IN 40119 741 8 white white JJ 40119 741 9 tissue tissue NN 40119 741 10 paper paper NN 40119 741 11 is be VBZ 40119 741 12 laid lay VBN 40119 741 13 over over IN 40119 741 14 the the DT 40119 741 15 whole whole NN 40119 741 16 , , , 40119 741 17 the the DT 40119 741 18 greenish greenish JJ 40119 741 19 - - HYPH 40119 741 20 blue blue JJ 40119 741 21 tint tint NN 40119 741 22 immediately immediately RB 40119 741 23 becomes become VBZ 40119 741 24 startlingly startlingly RB 40119 741 25 distinct distinct JJ 40119 741 26 , , , 40119 741 27 and and CC 40119 741 28 may may MD 40119 741 29 even even RB 40119 741 30 appear appear VB 40119 741 31 more more RBR 40119 741 32 decided decide VBN 40119 741 33 than than IN 40119 741 34 the the DT 40119 741 35 red red NN 40119 741 36 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 741 37 as as IN 40119 741 38 seen see VBN 40119 741 39 through through IN 40119 741 40 the the DT 40119 741 41 tissue tissue NN 40119 741 42 . . . 40119 742 1 The the DT 40119 742 2 same same JJ 40119 742 3 piece piece NN 40119 742 4 of of IN 40119 742 5 grey grey NNP 40119 742 6 paper paper NNP 40119 742 7 , , , 40119 742 8 when when WRB 40119 742 9 placed place VBN 40119 742 10 upon upon IN 40119 742 11 a a DT 40119 742 12 green green JJ 40119 742 13 ground ground NN 40119 742 14 , , , 40119 742 15 appears appear VBZ 40119 742 16 rose rise VBN 40119 742 17 - - HYPH 40119 742 18 coloured colour VBN 40119 742 19 , , , 40119 742 20 and and CC 40119 742 21 upon upon IN 40119 742 22 a a DT 40119 742 23 blue blue JJ 40119 742 24 ground ground NN 40119 742 25 , , , 40119 742 26 yellow yellow NNP 40119 742 27 , , , 40119 742 28 the the DT 40119 742 29 effect effect NN 40119 742 30 being be VBG 40119 742 31 always always RB 40119 742 32 greatly greatly RB 40119 742 33 increased increase VBN 40119 742 34 by by IN 40119 742 35 the the DT 40119 742 36 diluent diluent JJ 40119 742 37 action action NN 40119 742 38 of of IN 40119 742 39 superposed superpose VBN 40119 742 40 tissue tissue NN 40119 742 41 paper paper NN 40119 742 42 . . . 40119 743 1 There there EX 40119 743 2 seem seem VBP 40119 743 3 to to TO 40119 743 4 be be VB 40119 743 5 several several JJ 40119 743 6 reasons reason NNS 40119 743 7 , , , 40119 743 8 partly partly RB 40119 743 9 physical physical JJ 40119 743 10 and and CC 40119 743 11 partly partly RB 40119 743 12 psychological psychological JJ 40119 743 13 , , , 40119 743 14 why why WRB 40119 743 15 these these DT 40119 743 16 contrast contrast NN 40119 743 17 colours colour NNS 40119 743 18 , , , 40119 743 19 as as IN 40119 743 20 they -PRON- PRP 40119 743 21 are be VBP 40119 743 22 called call VBN 40119 743 23 , , , 40119 743 24 are be VBP 40119 743 25 more more RBR 40119 743 26 pronounced pronounced JJ 40119 743 27 when when WRB 40119 743 28 the the DT 40119 743 29 colour colour NN 40119 743 30 that that WDT 40119 743 31 calls call VBZ 40119 743 32 them -PRON- PRP 40119 743 33 into into IN 40119 743 34 existence existence NN 40119 743 35 either either CC 40119 743 36 has have VBZ 40119 743 37 a a DT 40119 743 38 somewhat somewhat RB 40119 743 39 pale pale JJ 40119 743 40 tint tint NN 40119 743 41 or or CC 40119 743 42 is be VBZ 40119 743 43 feebly feebly RB 40119 743 44 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 743 45 . . . 40119 744 1 Probably probably RB 40119 744 2 the the DT 40119 744 3 most most RBS 40119 744 4 important important JJ 40119 744 5 is be VBZ 40119 744 6 of of IN 40119 744 7 a a DT 40119 744 8 purely purely RB 40119 744 9 physical physical JJ 40119 744 10 character character NN 40119 744 11 . . . 40119 745 1 The the DT 40119 745 2 refracting refracting NN 40119 745 3 media medium NNS 40119 745 4 of of IN 40119 745 5 the the DT 40119 745 6 eye eye NN 40119 745 7 are be VBP 40119 745 8 much much RB 40119 745 9 less less RBR 40119 745 10 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 745 11 transparent transparent JJ 40119 745 12 than than IN 40119 745 13 a a DT 40119 745 14 good good JJ 40119 745 15 glass glass NN 40119 745 16 lens lens NN 40119 745 17 is be VBZ 40119 745 18 ; ; : 40119 745 19 they -PRON- PRP 40119 745 20 are be VBP 40119 745 21 sensibly sensibly RB 40119 745 22 turbid turbid JJ 40119 745 23 or or CC 40119 745 24 opalescent opalescent JJ 40119 745 25 , , , 40119 745 26 and and CC 40119 745 27 in in IN 40119 745 28 consequence consequence NN 40119 745 29 of of IN 40119 745 30 this this DT 40119 745 31 defect defect VB 40119 745 32 some some DT 40119 745 33 of of IN 40119 745 34 the the DT 40119 745 35 light light NN 40119 745 36 which which WDT 40119 745 37 falls fall VBZ 40119 745 38 upon upon IN 40119 745 39 them -PRON- PRP 40119 745 40 is be VBZ 40119 745 41 irregularly irregularly RB 40119 745 42 scattered scatter VBN 40119 745 43 over over IN 40119 745 44 the the DT 40119 745 45 retina retina NNP 40119 745 46 . . . 40119 746 1 If if IN 40119 746 2 we -PRON- PRP 40119 746 3 look look VBP 40119 746 4 at at IN 40119 746 5 a a DT 40119 746 6 bright bright JJ 40119 746 7 red red JJ 40119 746 8 object object NN 40119 746 9 with with IN 40119 746 10 a a DT 40119 746 11 small small JJ 40119 746 12 white white JJ 40119 746 13 patch patch NN 40119 746 14 upon upon IN 40119 746 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 746 16 , , , 40119 746 17 the the DT 40119 746 18 image image NN 40119 746 19 of of IN 40119 746 20 the the DT 40119 746 21 patch patch NN 40119 746 22 as as IN 40119 746 23 formed form VBN 40119 746 24 upon upon IN 40119 746 25 the the DT 40119 746 26 retina retina NNP 40119 746 27 is be VBZ 40119 746 28 not not RB 40119 746 29 , , , 40119 746 30 physically physically RB 40119 746 31 speaking speak VBG 40119 746 32 , , , 40119 746 33 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 746 34 white white JJ 40119 746 35 , , , 40119 746 36 but but CC 40119 746 37 slightly slightly RB 40119 746 38 coloured colour VBN 40119 746 39 by by IN 40119 746 40 diffused diffuse VBN 40119 746 41 red red JJ 40119 746 42 light light NN 40119 746 43 ; ; : 40119 746 44 owing owe VBG 40119 746 45 however however RB 40119 746 46 to to IN 40119 746 47 the the DT 40119 746 48 psychological psychological JJ 40119 746 49 influence influence NN 40119 746 50 to to TO 40119 746 51 which which WDT 40119 746 52 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 746 53 attention attention NN 40119 746 54 has have VBZ 40119 746 55 been be VBN 40119 746 56 directed direct VBN 40119 746 57 , , , 40119 746 58 the the DT 40119 746 59 faint faint JJ 40119 746 60 red red JJ 40119 746 61 coloration coloration NN 40119 746 62 is be VBZ 40119 746 63 not not RB 40119 746 64 consciously consciously RB 40119 746 65 perceived perceive VBN 40119 746 66 ; ; : 40119 746 67 the the DT 40119 746 68 same same JJ 40119 746 69 mental mental JJ 40119 746 70 displacement displacement NN 40119 746 71 of of IN 40119 746 72 the the DT 40119 746 73 zero zero CD 40119 746 74 which which WDT 40119 746 75 , , , 40119 746 76 when when WRB 40119 746 77 the the DT 40119 746 78 exciting exciting JJ 40119 746 79 colour colour NN 40119 746 80 was be VBD 40119 746 81 feeble feeble JJ 40119 746 82 , , , 40119 746 83 led lead VBD 40119 746 84 us -PRON- PRP 40119 746 85 to to TO 40119 746 86 regard regard VB 40119 746 87 white white JJ 40119 746 88 ( ( -LRB- 40119 746 89 or or CC 40119 746 90 grey grey NNP 40119 746 91 ) ) -RRB- 40119 746 92 as as IN 40119 746 93 bluish bluish NNP 40119 746 94 - - HYPH 40119 746 95 green green JJ 40119 746 96 , , , 40119 746 97 now now RB 40119 746 98 causes cause VBZ 40119 746 99 what what WP 40119 746 100 is be VBZ 40119 746 101 actually actually RB 40119 746 102 pale pale JJ 40119 746 103 red red JJ 40119 746 104 to to TO 40119 746 105 appear appear VB 40119 746 106 white white JJ 40119 746 107 . . . 40119 747 1 There there EX 40119 747 2 is be VBZ 40119 747 3 no no DT 40119 747 4 need need NN 40119 747 5 whatever whatever WDT 40119 747 6 to to TO 40119 747 7 assume assume VB 40119 747 8 that that IN 40119 747 9 the the DT 40119 747 10 contrast contrast NN 40119 747 11 colours colour VBZ 40119 747 12 with with IN 40119 747 13 which which WDT 40119 747 14 we -PRON- PRP 40119 747 15 have have VBP 40119 747 16 been be VBN 40119 747 17 dealing deal VBG 40119 747 18 are be VBP 40119 747 19 of of IN 40119 747 20 physiological physiological JJ 40119 747 21 origin origin NN 40119 747 22 and and CC 40119 747 23 due due IN 40119 747 24 to to IN 40119 747 25 an an DT 40119 747 26 inductive inductive JJ 40119 747 27 action action NN 40119 747 28 excited excite VBN 40119 747 29 in in IN 40119 747 30 portions portion NNS 40119 747 31 of of IN 40119 747 32 the the DT 40119 747 33 retina retina NNP 40119 747 34 adjacent adjacent JJ 40119 747 35 to to IN 40119 747 36 those those DT 40119 747 37 upon upon IN 40119 747 38 which which WDT 40119 747 39 coloured colour VBD 40119 747 40 light light NN 40119 747 41 falls fall VBZ 40119 747 42 . . . 40119 748 1 On on IN 40119 748 2 the the DT 40119 748 3 contrary contrary NN 40119 748 4 , , , 40119 748 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 748 6 would would MD 40119 748 7 be be VB 40119 748 8 a a DT 40119 748 9 matter matter NN 40119 748 10 for for IN 40119 748 11 surprise surprise NN 40119 748 12 if if IN 40119 748 13 the the DT 40119 748 14 case case NN 40119 748 15 in in IN 40119 748 16 question question NN 40119 748 17 presented present VBD 40119 748 18 an an DT 40119 748 19 exception exception NN 40119 748 20 to to IN 40119 748 21 the the DT 40119 748 22 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 40119 748 23 law law NN 40119 748 24 which which WDT 40119 748 25 governs govern VBZ 40119 748 26 the the DT 40119 748 27 fluctuation fluctuation NN 40119 748 28 of of IN 40119 748 29 the the DT 40119 748 30 mental mental JJ 40119 748 31 judgment judgment NN 40119 748 32 . . . 40119 749 1 Of of IN 40119 749 2 the the DT 40119 749 3 operation operation NN 40119 749 4 of of IN 40119 749 5 this this DT 40119 749 6 law law NN 40119 749 7 I -PRON- PRP 40119 749 8 have have VBP 40119 749 9 quoted quote VBN 40119 749 10 several several JJ 40119 749 11 very very RB 40119 749 12 diverse diverse JJ 40119 749 13 instances instance NNS 40119 749 14 , , , 40119 749 15 and and CC 40119 749 16 the the DT 40119 749 17 number number NN 40119 749 18 might may MD 40119 749 19 easily easily RB 40119 749 20 have have VB 40119 749 21 been be VBN 40119 749 22 increased increase VBN 40119 749 23 . . . 40119 750 1 Nor nor CC 40119 750 2 is be VBZ 40119 750 3 it -PRON- PRP 40119 750 4 only only RB 40119 750 5 in in IN 40119 750 6 relation relation NN 40119 750 7 to to IN 40119 750 8 optical optical JJ 40119 750 9 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 750 10 that that WDT 40119 750 11 the the DT 40119 750 12 law law NN 40119 750 13 holds hold VBZ 40119 750 14 good good JJ 40119 750 15 ; ; : 40119 750 16 in in IN 40119 750 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 750 18 most most RBS 40119 750 19 general general JJ 40119 750 20 form form NN 40119 750 21 , , , 40119 750 22 supplemented supplement VBD 40119 750 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 750 24 may may MD 40119 750 25 be be VB 40119 750 26 in in IN 40119 750 27 some some DT 40119 750 28 instances instance NNS 40119 750 29 by by IN 40119 750 30 obvious obvious JJ 40119 750 31 corollaries corollary NNS 40119 750 32 , , , 40119 750 33 it -PRON- PRP 40119 750 34 is be VBZ 40119 750 35 applicable applicable JJ 40119 750 36 to to IN 40119 750 37 almost almost RB 40119 750 38 every every DT 40119 750 39 case case NN 40119 750 40 in in IN 40119 750 41 which which WDT 40119 750 42 physical physical JJ 40119 750 43 attributes attribute NNS 40119 750 44 of of IN 40119 750 45 whatever whatever WDT 40119 750 46 kind kind NN 40119 750 47 are be VBP 40119 750 48 the the DT 40119 750 49 subject subject NN 40119 750 50 of of IN 40119 750 51 unassisted unassisted JJ 40119 750 52 mental mental JJ 40119 750 53 judgment judgment NN 40119 750 54 . . . 40119 751 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 40119 751 2 V. V. NNP 40119 751 3 CURIOSITIES CURIOSITIES NNP 40119 751 4 OF of IN 40119 751 5 VISION VISION NNP 40119 751 6 . . . 40119 752 1 The the DT 40119 752 2 function function NN 40119 752 3 of of IN 40119 752 4 the the DT 40119 752 5 eye eye NN 40119 752 6 , , , 40119 752 7 regarded regard VBD 40119 752 8 as as IN 40119 752 9 an an DT 40119 752 10 optical optical JJ 40119 752 11 instrument instrument NN 40119 752 12 , , , 40119 752 13 is be VBZ 40119 752 14 limited limit VBN 40119 752 15 to to IN 40119 752 16 the the DT 40119 752 17 formation formation NN 40119 752 18 of of IN 40119 752 19 luminous luminous JJ 40119 752 20 images image NNS 40119 752 21 upon upon IN 40119 752 22 the the DT 40119 752 23 retina retina NNP 40119 752 24 . . . 40119 753 1 From from IN 40119 753 2 a a DT 40119 753 3 purely purely RB 40119 753 4 physical physical JJ 40119 753 5 point point NN 40119 753 6 of of IN 40119 753 7 view view NN 40119 753 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 753 9 is be VBZ 40119 753 10 a a DT 40119 753 11 simple simple JJ 40119 753 12 enough enough JJ 40119 753 13 piece piece NN 40119 753 14 of of IN 40119 753 15 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 753 16 , , , 40119 753 17 and and CC 40119 753 18 , , , 40119 753 19 as as IN 40119 753 20 was be VBD 40119 753 21 forcibly forcibly RB 40119 753 22 pointed point VBN 40119 753 23 out out RP 40119 753 24 by by IN 40119 753 25 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 753 26 , , , 40119 753 27 it -PRON- PRP 40119 753 28 is be VBZ 40119 753 29 subject subject JJ 40119 753 30 to to IN 40119 753 31 a a DT 40119 753 32 number number NN 40119 753 33 of of IN 40119 753 34 defects defect NNS 40119 753 35 which which WDT 40119 753 36 can can MD 40119 753 37 be be VB 40119 753 38 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 753 39 by by IN 40119 753 40 the the DT 40119 753 41 simplest simple JJS 40119 753 42 tests test NNS 40119 753 43 , , , 40119 753 44 and and CC 40119 753 45 which which WDT 40119 753 46 , , , 40119 753 47 if if IN 40119 753 48 they -PRON- PRP 40119 753 49 occurred occur VBD 40119 753 50 in in IN 40119 753 51 a a DT 40119 753 52 shop shop NN 40119 753 53 - - HYPH 40119 753 54 bought buy VBN 40119 753 55 instrument instrument NN 40119 753 56 , , , 40119 753 57 would would MD 40119 753 58 be be VB 40119 753 59 considered consider VBN 40119 753 60 intolerable intolerable JJ 40119 753 61 . . . 40119 754 1 What what WP 40119 754 2 takes take VBZ 40119 754 3 place place NN 40119 754 4 in in IN 40119 754 5 the the DT 40119 754 6 retina retina NNP 40119 754 7 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 754 8 under under IN 40119 754 9 luminous luminous JJ 40119 754 10 excitation excitation NN 40119 754 11 , , , 40119 754 12 and and CC 40119 754 13 how how WRB 40119 754 14 the the DT 40119 754 15 sensation sensation NN 40119 754 16 of of IN 40119 754 17 sight sight NN 40119 754 18 is be VBZ 40119 754 19 produced produce VBN 40119 754 20 , , , 40119 754 21 are be VBP 40119 754 22 questions question NNS 40119 754 23 which which WDT 40119 754 24 belong belong VBP 40119 754 25 to to IN 40119 754 26 the the DT 40119 754 27 sciences science NNS 40119 754 28 of of IN 40119 754 29 physiology physiology NN 40119 754 30 and and CC 40119 754 31 psychology psychology NN 40119 754 32 ; ; : 40119 754 33 and and CC 40119 754 34 in in IN 40119 754 35 the the DT 40119 754 36 physiological physiological JJ 40119 754 37 and and CC 40119 754 38 psychological psychological JJ 40119 754 39 departments department NNS 40119 754 40 of of IN 40119 754 41 the the DT 40119 754 42 visual visual JJ 40119 754 43 machinery machinery NN 40119 754 44 we -PRON- PRP 40119 754 45 meet meet VBP 40119 754 46 with with IN 40119 754 47 an an DT 40119 754 48 additional additional JJ 40119 754 49 host host NN 40119 754 50 of of IN 40119 754 51 objectionable objectionable JJ 40119 754 52 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 40119 754 53 from from IN 40119 754 54 which which WDT 40119 754 55 any any DT 40119 754 56 humanly humanly RB 40119 754 57 - - HYPH 40119 754 58 constructed construct VBN 40119 754 59 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 754 60 is be VBZ 40119 754 61 by by IN 40119 754 62 the the DT 40119 754 63 nature nature NN 40119 754 64 of of IN 40119 754 65 the the DT 40119 754 66 case case NN 40119 754 67 free free JJ 40119 754 68 . . . 40119 755 1 Yet yet CC 40119 755 2 in in IN 40119 755 3 spite spite NN 40119 755 4 of of IN 40119 755 5 all all PDT 40119 755 6 these these DT 40119 755 7 drawbacks drawback NNS 40119 755 8 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 755 9 eyes eye NNS 40119 755 10 do do VBP 40119 755 11 us -PRON- PRP 40119 755 12 excellent excellent JJ 40119 755 13 service service NN 40119 755 14 , , , 40119 755 15 and and CC 40119 755 16 provided provide VBD 40119 755 17 that that IN 40119 755 18 they -PRON- PRP 40119 755 19 are be VBP 40119 755 20 free free JJ 40119 755 21 from from IN 40119 755 22 actual actual JJ 40119 755 23 malformation malformation NN 40119 755 24 and and CC 40119 755 25 have have VBP 40119 755 26 not not RB 40119 755 27 suffered suffer VBN 40119 755 28 from from IN 40119 755 29 injury injury NN 40119 755 30 or or CC 40119 755 31 disease disease NN 40119 755 32 , , , 40119 755 33 we -PRON- PRP 40119 755 34 do do VBP 40119 755 35 not not RB 40119 755 36 often often RB 40119 755 37 find find VB 40119 755 38 fault fault NN 40119 755 39 with with IN 40119 755 40 them -PRON- PRP 40119 755 41 . . . 40119 756 1 This this DT 40119 756 2 , , , 40119 756 3 however however RB 40119 756 4 , , , 40119 756 5 is be VBZ 40119 756 6 not not RB 40119 756 7 because because IN 40119 756 8 they -PRON- PRP 40119 756 9 are be VBP 40119 756 10 as as RB 40119 756 11 good good JJ 40119 756 12 as as IN 40119 756 13 they -PRON- PRP 40119 756 14 might may MD 40119 756 15 be be VB 40119 756 16 , , , 40119 756 17 but but CC 40119 756 18 because because IN 40119 756 19 with with IN 40119 756 20 incessant incessant JJ 40119 756 21 practice practice NN 40119 756 22 we -PRON- PRP 40119 756 23 have have VBP 40119 756 24 acquired acquire VBN 40119 756 25 a a DT 40119 756 26 very very RB 40119 756 27 high high JJ 40119 756 28 degree degree NN 40119 756 29 of of IN 40119 756 30 skill skill NN 40119 756 31 in in IN 40119 756 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 756 33 use use NN 40119 756 34 . . . 40119 757 1 If if IN 40119 757 2 anything anything NN 40119 757 3 is be VBZ 40119 757 4 more more RBR 40119 757 5 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 757 6 than than IN 40119 757 7 the the DT 40119 757 8 ease ease NN 40119 757 9 and and CC 40119 757 10 certainty certainty NN 40119 757 11 with with IN 40119 757 12 which which WDT 40119 757 13 we -PRON- PRP 40119 757 14 have have VBP 40119 757 15 learnt learn VBN 40119 757 16 to to TO 40119 757 17 interpret interpret VB 40119 757 18 ocular ocular JJ 40119 757 19 indications indication NNS 40119 757 20 , , , 40119 757 21 when when WRB 40119 757 22 they -PRON- PRP 40119 757 23 are be VBP 40119 757 24 in in IN 40119 757 25 some some DT 40119 757 26 sort sort NN 40119 757 27 of of IN 40119 757 28 conformity conformity NN 40119 757 29 with with IN 40119 757 30 external external JJ 40119 757 31 objects object NNS 40119 757 32 , , , 40119 757 33 it -PRON- PRP 40119 757 34 is be VBZ 40119 757 35 the the DT 40119 757 36 pertinacity pertinacity NN 40119 757 37 with with IN 40119 757 38 which which WDT 40119 757 39 we -PRON- PRP 40119 757 40 refuse refuse VBP 40119 757 41 to to TO 40119 757 42 be be VB 40119 757 43 misled mislead VBN 40119 757 44 when when WRB 40119 757 45 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 757 46 eyes eye NNS 40119 757 47 are be VBP 40119 757 48 doing do VBG 40119 757 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 757 50 best good JJS 40119 757 51 to to TO 40119 757 52 deceive deceive VB 40119 757 53 us -PRON- PRP 40119 757 54 . . . 40119 758 1 In in IN 40119 758 2 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 758 3 earliest early JJS 40119 758 4 years year NNS 40119 758 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 758 6 began begin VBD 40119 758 7 to to TO 40119 758 8 find find VB 40119 758 9 out out RP 40119 758 10 that that IN 40119 758 11 we -PRON- PRP 40119 758 12 must must MD 40119 758 13 not not RB 40119 758 14 believe believe VB 40119 758 15 all all DT 40119 758 16 we -PRON- PRP 40119 758 17 saw see VBD 40119 758 18 ; ; : 40119 758 19 experience experience NN 40119 758 20 gradually gradually RB 40119 758 21 taught teach VBD 40119 758 22 us -PRON- PRP 40119 758 23 that that DT 40119 758 24 on on IN 40119 758 25 certain certain JJ 40119 758 26 points point NNS 40119 758 27 and and CC 40119 758 28 under under IN 40119 758 29 certain certain JJ 40119 758 30 circumstances circumstance NNS 40119 758 31 the the DT 40119 758 32 indications indication NNS 40119 758 33 of of IN 40119 758 34 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 758 35 organs organ NNS 40119 758 36 of of IN 40119 758 37 vision vision NN 40119 758 38 were be VBD 40119 758 39 uniformly uniformly RB 40119 758 40 meaningless meaningless JJ 40119 758 41 or or CC 40119 758 42 fallacious fallacious JJ 40119 758 43 , , , 40119 758 44 and and CC 40119 758 45 we -PRON- PRP 40119 758 46 soon soon RB 40119 758 47 discovered discover VBD 40119 758 48 that that IN 40119 758 49 it -PRON- PRP 40119 758 50 would would MD 40119 758 51 save save VB 40119 758 52 us -PRON- PRP 40119 758 53 trouble trouble NN 40119 758 54 and and CC 40119 758 55 add add VB 40119 758 56 to to IN 40119 758 57 the the DT 40119 758 58 comfort comfort NN 40119 758 59 of of IN 40119 758 60 life life NN 40119 758 61 if if IN 40119 758 62 we -PRON- PRP 40119 758 63 cultivated cultivate VBD 40119 758 64 a a DT 40119 758 65 habit habit NN 40119 758 66 of of IN 40119 758 67 completely completely RB 40119 758 68 ignoring ignore VBG 40119 758 69 all all DT 40119 758 70 such such JJ 40119 758 71 visual visual JJ 40119 758 72 sensations sensation NNS 40119 758 73 as as IN 40119 758 74 were be VBD 40119 758 75 of of IN 40119 758 76 no no DT 40119 758 77 practical practical JJ 40119 758 78 value value NN 40119 758 79 . . . 40119 759 1 In in IN 40119 759 2 this this DT 40119 759 3 most most JJS 40119 759 4 of of IN 40119 759 5 us -PRON- PRP 40119 759 6 have have VBP 40119 759 7 been be VBN 40119 759 8 remarkably remarkably RB 40119 759 9 successful successful JJ 40119 759 10 ; ; : 40119 759 11 so so RB 40119 759 12 much much RB 40119 759 13 so so RB 40119 759 14 , , , 40119 759 15 that that IN 40119 759 16 if if IN 40119 759 17 , , , 40119 759 18 from from IN 40119 759 19 motives motive NNS 40119 759 20 of of IN 40119 759 21 curiosity curiosity NN 40119 759 22 , , , 40119 759 23 or or CC 40119 759 24 for for IN 40119 759 25 the the DT 40119 759 26 sake sake NN 40119 759 27 of of IN 40119 759 28 scientific scientific JJ 40119 759 29 experiment experiment NN 40119 759 30 , , , 40119 759 31 we -PRON- PRP 40119 759 32 wish wish VBP 40119 759 33 to to TO 40119 759 34 direct direct VB 40119 759 35 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 759 36 attention attention NN 40119 759 37 to to IN 40119 759 38 the the DT 40119 759 39 sensations sensation NNS 40119 759 40 in in IN 40119 759 41 question question NN 40119 759 42 , , , 40119 759 43 and and CC 40119 759 44 to to TO 40119 759 45 see see VB 40119 759 46 things thing NNS 40119 759 47 as as IN 40119 759 48 they -PRON- PRP 40119 759 49 actually actually RB 40119 759 50 appear appear VBP 40119 759 51 , , , 40119 759 52 we -PRON- PRP 40119 759 53 can can MD 40119 759 54 only only RB 40119 759 55 do do VB 40119 759 56 so so RB 40119 759 57 with with IN 40119 759 58 the the DT 40119 759 59 greatest great JJS 40119 759 60 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 759 61 ; ; : 40119 759 62 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 759 63 , , , 40119 759 64 indeed indeed RB 40119 759 65 , , , 40119 759 66 not not RB 40119 759 67 at at RB 40119 759 68 all all RB 40119 759 69 , , , 40119 759 70 unless unless IN 40119 759 71 with with IN 40119 759 72 the the DT 40119 759 73 assistance assistance NN 40119 759 74 of of IN 40119 759 75 some some DT 40119 759 76 specially specially RB 40119 759 77 contrived contrive VBN 40119 759 78 artifice artifice NN 40119 759 79 . . . 40119 760 1 In in IN 40119 760 2 the the DT 40119 760 3 present present JJ 40119 760 4 chapter chapter NN 40119 760 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 760 6 is be VBZ 40119 760 7 proposed propose VBN 40119 760 8 to to TO 40119 760 9 discuss discuss VB 40119 760 10 a a DT 40119 760 11 few few JJ 40119 760 12 of of IN 40119 760 13 the the DT 40119 760 14 less less RBR 40119 760 15 familiar familiar JJ 40119 760 16 vagaries vagary NNS 40119 760 17 of of IN 40119 760 18 the the DT 40119 760 19 visual visual JJ 40119 760 20 organs organ NNS 40119 760 21 , , , 40119 760 22 and and CC 40119 760 23 to to TO 40119 760 24 show show VB 40119 760 25 how how WRB 40119 760 26 they -PRON- PRP 40119 760 27 may may MD 40119 760 28 be be VB 40119 760 29 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 40119 760 30 . . . 40119 761 1 Some some DT 40119 761 2 of of IN 40119 761 3 the the DT 40119 761 4 experiments experiment NNS 40119 761 5 may may MD 40119 761 6 , , , 40119 761 7 it -PRON- PRP 40119 761 8 is be VBZ 40119 761 9 to to TO 40119 761 10 be be VB 40119 761 11 feared fear VBN 40119 761 12 , , , 40119 761 13 be be VB 40119 761 14 found find VBN 40119 761 15 rather rather RB 40119 761 16 difficult difficult JJ 40119 761 17 ; ; : 40119 761 18 success success NN 40119 761 19 will will MD 40119 761 20 depend depend VB 40119 761 21 mainly mainly RB 40119 761 22 upon upon IN 40119 761 23 the the DT 40119 761 24 experimentalist experimentalist NN 40119 761 25 's 's POS 40119 761 26 ability ability NN 40119 761 27 to to TO 40119 761 28 lay lay VB 40119 761 29 aside aside RB 40119 761 30 habit habit NNP 40119 761 31 and and CC 40119 761 32 prejudice prejudice NN 40119 761 33 , , , 40119 761 34 and and CC 40119 761 35 give give VB 40119 761 36 close close JJ 40119 761 37 attention attention NN 40119 761 38 to to IN 40119 761 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 761 40 visual visual JJ 40119 761 41 sensations sensation NNS 40119 761 42 ; ; : 40119 761 43 but but CC 40119 761 44 it -PRON- PRP 40119 761 45 is be VBZ 40119 761 46 hardly hardly RB 40119 761 47 to to TO 40119 761 48 be be VB 40119 761 49 expected expect VBN 40119 761 50 that that IN 40119 761 51 an an DT 40119 761 52 unskilled unskilled JJ 40119 761 53 person person NN 40119 761 54 will will MD 40119 761 55 at at IN 40119 761 56 the the DT 40119 761 57 first first JJ 40119 761 58 attempt attempt NN 40119 761 59 observe observe VBP 40119 761 60 all all PDT 40119 761 61 the the DT 40119 761 62 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 761 63 which which WDT 40119 761 64 will will MD 40119 761 65 be be VB 40119 761 66 referred refer VBN 40119 761 67 to to IN 40119 761 68 . . . 40119 762 1 Among among IN 40119 762 2 the the DT 40119 762 3 most most RBS 40119 762 4 annoying annoying JJ 40119 762 5 of of IN 40119 762 6 the the DT 40119 762 7 eccentricities eccentricity NNS 40119 762 8 which which WDT 40119 762 9 characterise characterise VBP 40119 762 10 the the DT 40119 762 11 sense sense NN 40119 762 12 of of IN 40119 762 13 vision vision NN 40119 762 14 is be VBZ 40119 762 15 that that DT 40119 762 16 known know VBN 40119 762 17 as as IN 40119 762 18 the the DT 40119 762 19 persistence persistence NN 40119 762 20 of of IN 40119 762 21 impressions impression NNS 40119 762 22 . . . 40119 763 1 The the DT 40119 763 2 sensation sensation NN 40119 763 3 of of IN 40119 763 4 sight sight NN 40119 763 5 which which WDT 40119 763 6 is be VBZ 40119 763 7 produced produce VBN 40119 763 8 by by IN 40119 763 9 an an DT 40119 763 10 illuminated illuminated JJ 40119 763 11 object object NN 40119 763 12 does do VBZ 40119 763 13 not not RB 40119 763 14 cease cease VB 40119 763 15 at at IN 40119 763 16 the the DT 40119 763 17 moment moment NN 40119 763 18 when when WRB 40119 763 19 the the DT 40119 763 20 exciting exciting JJ 40119 763 21 cause cause NN 40119 763 22 is be VBZ 40119 763 23 removed remove VBN 40119 763 24 or or CC 40119 763 25 changed change VBN 40119 763 26 in in IN 40119 763 27 position position NN 40119 763 28 ; ; : 40119 763 29 it -PRON- PRP 40119 763 30 continues continue VBZ 40119 763 31 for for IN 40119 763 32 a a DT 40119 763 33 period period NN 40119 763 34 which which WDT 40119 763 35 is be VBZ 40119 763 36 generally generally RB 40119 763 37 said say VBN 40119 763 38 to to TO 40119 763 39 be be VB 40119 763 40 about about RB 40119 763 41 a a DT 40119 763 42 tenth tenth NN 40119 763 43 of of IN 40119 763 44 a a DT 40119 763 45 second second JJ 40119 763 46 , , , 40119 763 47 but but CC 40119 763 48 may may MD 40119 763 49 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 763 50 be be VB 40119 763 51 much much RB 40119 763 52 more more RBR 40119 763 53 or or CC 40119 763 54 less less RBR 40119 763 55 . . . 40119 764 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 764 2 is be VBZ 40119 764 3 for for IN 40119 764 4 this this DT 40119 764 5 reason reason NN 40119 764 6 that that WDT 40119 764 7 we -PRON- PRP 40119 764 8 can can MD 40119 764 9 not not RB 40119 764 10 see see VB 40119 764 11 the the DT 40119 764 12 details detail NNS 40119 764 13 of of IN 40119 764 14 anything anything NN 40119 764 15 which which WDT 40119 764 16 is be VBZ 40119 764 17 in in IN 40119 764 18 rapid rapid JJ 40119 764 19 motion motion NN 40119 764 20 , , , 40119 764 21 but but CC 40119 764 22 only only RB 40119 764 23 an an DT 40119 764 24 indistinct indistinct JJ 40119 764 25 blur blur NN 40119 764 26 , , , 40119 764 27 resulting result VBG 40119 764 28 from from IN 40119 764 29 the the DT 40119 764 30 confusion confusion NN 40119 764 31 of of IN 40119 764 32 successive successive JJ 40119 764 33 impressions impression NNS 40119 764 34 . . . 40119 765 1 If if IN 40119 765 2 a a DT 40119 765 3 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 765 4 disk disk NN 40119 765 5 , , , 40119 765 6 which which WDT 40119 765 7 is be VBZ 40119 765 8 painted paint VBN 40119 765 9 in in IN 40119 765 10 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 765 11 black black JJ 40119 765 12 and and CC 40119 765 13 white white JJ 40119 765 14 sectors sector NNS 40119 765 15 is be VBZ 40119 765 16 caused cause VBN 40119 765 17 to to TO 40119 765 18 rotate rotate VB 40119 765 19 at at IN 40119 765 20 a a DT 40119 765 21 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 765 22 high high JJ 40119 765 23 speed speed NN 40119 765 24 , , , 40119 765 25 the the DT 40119 765 26 divisions division NNS 40119 765 27 are be VBP 40119 765 28 completely completely RB 40119 765 29 lost lose VBN 40119 765 30 sight sight NN 40119 765 31 of of IN 40119 765 32 , , , 40119 765 33 and and CC 40119 765 34 the the DT 40119 765 35 whole whole JJ 40119 765 36 surface surface NN 40119 765 37 appears appear VBZ 40119 765 38 to to TO 40119 765 39 be be VB 40119 765 40 of of IN 40119 765 41 a a DT 40119 765 42 uniformly uniformly RB 40119 765 43 grey grey JJ 40119 765 44 hue hue NN 40119 765 45 . . . 40119 766 1 But but CC 40119 766 2 if if IN 40119 766 3 the the DT 40119 766 4 rapidly rapidly RB 40119 766 5 rotating rotate VBG 40119 766 6 disk disk NN 40119 766 7 is be VBZ 40119 766 8 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 766 9 by by IN 40119 766 10 a a DT 40119 766 11 properly properly RB 40119 766 12 timed time VBN 40119 766 13 series series NN 40119 766 14 of of IN 40119 766 15 electric electric JJ 40119 766 16 flashes flash NNS 40119 766 17 , , , 40119 766 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 766 19 looks look VBZ 40119 766 20 as as IN 40119 766 21 if if IN 40119 766 22 it -PRON- PRP 40119 766 23 were be VBD 40119 766 24 at at IN 40119 766 25 rest rest NN 40119 766 26 , , , 40119 766 27 and and CC 40119 766 28 in in IN 40119 766 29 spite spite NN 40119 766 30 of of IN 40119 766 31 the the DT 40119 766 32 intermittent intermittent JJ 40119 766 33 nature nature NN 40119 766 34 of of IN 40119 766 35 the the DT 40119 766 36 light light NN 40119 766 37 , , , 40119 766 38 the the DT 40119 766 39 black black JJ 40119 766 40 and and CC 40119 766 41 white white JJ 40119 766 42 sectors sector NNS 40119 766 43 can can MD 40119 766 44 be be VB 40119 766 45 seen see VBN 40119 766 46 quite quite RB 40119 766 47 continuously continuously RB 40119 766 48 , , , 40119 766 49 though though IN 40119 766 50 as as IN 40119 766 51 a a DT 40119 766 52 matter matter NN 40119 766 53 of of IN 40119 766 54 fact fact NN 40119 766 55 the the DT 40119 766 56 intervals interval NNS 40119 766 57 of of IN 40119 766 58 darkness darkness NN 40119 766 59 are be VBP 40119 766 60 very very RB 40119 766 61 much much RB 40119 766 62 longer long JJR 40119 766 63 than than IN 40119 766 64 those those DT 40119 766 65 of of IN 40119 766 66 illumination illumination NN 40119 766 67 . . . 40119 767 1 Persistent persistent JJ 40119 767 2 impressions impression NNS 40119 767 3 of of IN 40119 767 4 this this DT 40119 767 5 kind kind NN 40119 767 6 are be VBP 40119 767 7 often often RB 40119 767 8 spoken speak VBN 40119 767 9 of of IN 40119 767 10 as as RB 40119 767 11 positive positive JJ 40119 767 12 after after NN 40119 767 13 - - HYPH 40119 767 14 images image NNS 40119 767 15 . . . 40119 768 1 There there EX 40119 768 2 is be VBZ 40119 768 3 a a DT 40119 768 4 very very RB 40119 768 5 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 768 6 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 768 7 accompanying accompany VBG 40119 768 8 the the DT 40119 768 9 formation formation NN 40119 768 10 of of IN 40119 768 11 positive positive JJ 40119 768 12 after after NN 40119 768 13 - - HYPH 40119 768 14 images image NNS 40119 768 15 , , , 40119 768 16 especially especially RB 40119 768 17 those those DT 40119 768 18 following follow VBG 40119 768 19 brief brief JJ 40119 768 20 illumination illumination NN 40119 768 21 , , , 40119 768 22 which which WDT 40119 768 23 seems seem VBZ 40119 768 24 , , , 40119 768 25 until until IN 40119 768 26 comparatively comparatively RB 40119 768 27 recent recent JJ 40119 768 28 times time NNS 40119 768 29 , , , 40119 768 30 to to TO 40119 768 31 have have VB 40119 768 32 entirely entirely RB 40119 768 33 escaped escape VBN 40119 768 34 the the DT 40119 768 35 notice notice NN 40119 768 36 of of IN 40119 768 37 the the DT 40119 768 38 most most RBS 40119 768 39 acute acute JJ 40119 768 40 observers observer NNS 40119 768 41 . . . 40119 769 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 769 2 was be VBD 40119 769 3 first first RB 40119 769 4 observed observe VBN 40119 769 5 accidentally accidentally RB 40119 769 6 by by IN 40119 769 7 Professor Professor NNP 40119 769 8 C. C. NNP 40119 769 9 A. A. NNP 40119 770 1 Young young JJ 40119 770 2 , , , 40119 770 3 when when WRB 40119 770 4 he -PRON- PRP 40119 770 5 was be VBD 40119 770 6 experimenting experiment VBG 40119 770 7 with with IN 40119 770 8 a a DT 40119 770 9 large large JJ 40119 770 10 electrical electrical JJ 40119 770 11 machine machine NN 40119 770 12 which which WDT 40119 770 13 had have VBD 40119 770 14 been be VBN 40119 770 15 newly newly RB 40119 770 16 acquired acquire VBN 40119 770 17 for for IN 40119 770 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 40119 770 19 laboratory laboratory NN 40119 770 20 . . . 40119 771 1 He -PRON- PRP 40119 771 2 noticed notice VBD 40119 771 3 that that IN 40119 771 4 when when WRB 40119 771 5 a a DT 40119 771 6 powerful powerful JJ 40119 771 7 Leyden Leyden NNP 40119 771 8 jar jar NN 40119 771 9 discharge discharge NN 40119 771 10 took take VBD 40119 771 11 place place NN 40119 771 12 in in IN 40119 771 13 a a DT 40119 771 14 darkened darken VBN 40119 771 15 room room NN 40119 771 16 , , , 40119 771 17 any any DT 40119 771 18 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 771 19 object object NN 40119 771 20 was be VBD 40119 771 21 seen see VBN 40119 771 22 twice twice RB 40119 771 23 at at IN 40119 771 24 least least JJS 40119 771 25 , , , 40119 771 26 with with IN 40119 771 27 an an DT 40119 771 28 interval interval NN 40119 771 29 of of IN 40119 771 30 a a DT 40119 771 31 trifle trifle RB 40119 771 32 less less JJR 40119 771 33 than than IN 40119 771 34 a a DT 40119 771 35 quarter quarter NN 40119 771 36 of of IN 40119 771 37 a a DT 40119 771 38 second second JJ 40119 771 39 , , , 40119 771 40 the the DT 40119 771 41 first first JJ 40119 771 42 time time NN 40119 771 43 vividly vividly RB 40119 771 44 , , , 40119 771 45 the the DT 40119 771 46 second second JJ 40119 771 47 time time NN 40119 771 48 faintly faintly RB 40119 771 49 . . . 40119 772 1 Often often RB 40119 772 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 772 3 was be VBD 40119 772 4 seen see VBN 40119 772 5 a a DT 40119 772 6 third third JJ 40119 772 7 time time NN 40119 772 8 , , , 40119 772 9 and and CC 40119 772 10 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 772 11 , , , 40119 772 12 but but CC 40119 772 13 only only RB 40119 772 14 with with IN 40119 772 15 great great JJ 40119 772 16 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 772 17 , , , 40119 772 18 even even RB 40119 772 19 a a DT 40119 772 20 fourth fourth JJ 40119 772 21 time time NN 40119 772 22 . . . 40119 773 1 He -PRON- PRP 40119 773 2 gave give VBD 40119 773 3 to to IN 40119 773 4 this this DT 40119 773 5 phenomenon phenomenon VB 40119 773 6 the the DT 40119 773 7 name name NN 40119 773 8 of of IN 40119 773 9 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 773 10 vision vision NN 40119 773 11 ; ; : 40119 773 12 it -PRON- PRP 40119 773 13 may may MD 40119 773 14 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 773 15 be be VB 40119 773 16 more more RBR 40119 773 17 appropriately appropriately RB 40119 773 18 denominated denominate VBN 40119 773 19 the the DT 40119 773 20 Young young JJ 40119 773 21 effect effect NN 40119 773 22 . . . 40119 774 1 By by IN 40119 774 2 means mean NNS 40119 774 3 of of IN 40119 774 4 the the DT 40119 774 5 powerful powerful JJ 40119 774 6 machine machine NN 40119 774 7 presented present VBD 40119 774 8 to to IN 40119 774 9 the the DT 40119 774 10 Royal Royal NNP 40119 774 11 Institution Institution NNP 40119 774 12 by by IN 40119 774 13 Mr. Mr. NNP 40119 774 14 Wimshurst Wimshurst NNP 40119 774 15 , , , 40119 774 16 used use VBN 40119 774 17 in in IN 40119 774 18 conjunction conjunction NN 40119 774 19 with with IN 40119 774 20 a a DT 40119 774 21 battery battery NN 40119 774 22 of of IN 40119 774 23 Leyden Leyden NNP 40119 774 24 jars jar NNS 40119 774 25 , , , 40119 774 26 the the DT 40119 774 27 Young young JJ 40119 774 28 effect effect NN 40119 774 29 has have VBZ 40119 774 30 been be VBN 40119 774 31 successfully successfully RB 40119 774 32 shown show VBN 40119 774 33 to to IN 40119 774 34 a a DT 40119 774 35 large large JJ 40119 774 36 assembly assembly NN 40119 774 37 . . . 40119 775 1 But but CC 40119 775 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 775 3 is be VBZ 40119 775 4 quite quite RB 40119 775 5 easy easy JJ 40119 775 6 to to TO 40119 775 7 demonstrate demonstrate VB 40119 775 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 775 9 on on IN 40119 775 10 a a DT 40119 775 11 small small JJ 40119 775 12 scale scale NN 40119 775 13 with with IN 40119 775 14 any any DT 40119 775 15 influence influence NN 40119 775 16 machine machine NN 40119 775 17 which which WDT 40119 775 18 will will MD 40119 775 19 give give VB 40119 775 20 a a DT 40119 775 21 spark spark NN 40119 775 22 about about IN 40119 775 23 an an DT 40119 775 24 inch inch NN 40119 775 25 long long RB 40119 775 26 . . . 40119 776 1 One one CD 40119 776 2 of of IN 40119 776 3 the the DT 40119 776 4 terminals terminal NNS 40119 776 5 of of IN 40119 776 6 the the DT 40119 776 7 machine machine NN 40119 776 8 should should MD 40119 776 9 be be VB 40119 776 10 connected connect VBN 40119 776 11 by by IN 40119 776 12 a a DT 40119 776 13 wire wire NN 40119 776 14 with with IN 40119 776 15 the the DT 40119 776 16 inner inner JJ 40119 776 17 coating coating NN 40119 776 18 of of IN 40119 776 19 a a DT 40119 776 20 half half JJ 40119 776 21 - - HYPH 40119 776 22 pint pint NN 40119 776 23 Leyden Leyden NNP 40119 776 24 jar jar NN 40119 776 25 , , , 40119 776 26 the the DT 40119 776 27 other other JJ 40119 776 28 with with IN 40119 776 29 the the DT 40119 776 30 outer outer JJ 40119 776 31 coating coating NN 40119 776 32 , , , 40119 776 33 and and CC 40119 776 34 the the DT 40119 776 35 discharging discharging NN 40119 776 36 balls ball NNS 40119 776 37 should should MD 40119 776 38 be be VB 40119 776 39 set set VBN 40119 776 40 a a DT 40119 776 41 quarter quarter NN 40119 776 42 of of IN 40119 776 43 an an DT 40119 776 44 inch inch NN 40119 776 45 apart apart RB 40119 776 46 . . . 40119 777 1 The the DT 40119 777 2 observer observer NN 40119 777 3 's 's POS 40119 777 4 eyes eye NNS 40119 777 5 must must MD 40119 777 6 be be VB 40119 777 7 shielded shield VBN 40119 777 8 from from IN 40119 777 9 the the DT 40119 777 10 direct direct JJ 40119 777 11 light light NN 40119 777 12 of of IN 40119 777 13 the the DT 40119 777 14 spark spark NN 40119 777 15 by by IN 40119 777 16 any any DT 40119 777 17 convenient convenient JJ 40119 777 18 screen screen NN 40119 777 19 , , , 40119 777 20 such such JJ 40119 777 21 as as IN 40119 777 22 a a DT 40119 777 23 large large JJ 40119 777 24 book book NN 40119 777 25 set set VBN 40119 777 26 on on IN 40119 777 27 end end NN 40119 777 28 . . . 40119 778 1 The the DT 40119 778 2 best good JJS 40119 778 3 object object NN 40119 778 4 for for IN 40119 778 5 the the DT 40119 778 6 experiment experiment NN 40119 778 7 is be VBZ 40119 778 8 a a DT 40119 778 9 sheet sheet NN 40119 778 10 of of IN 40119 778 11 white white JJ 40119 778 12 paper paper NN 40119 778 13 , , , 40119 778 14 placed place VBN 40119 778 15 in in IN 40119 778 16 an an DT 40119 778 17 upright upright JJ 40119 778 18 position position NN 40119 778 19 a a DT 40119 778 20 few few JJ 40119 778 21 inches inch NNS 40119 778 22 away away RB 40119 778 23 from from IN 40119 778 24 the the DT 40119 778 25 terminals terminal NNS 40119 778 26 of of IN 40119 778 27 the the DT 40119 778 28 machine machine NN 40119 778 29 and and CC 40119 778 30 exposed expose VBD 40119 778 31 to to IN 40119 778 32 the the DT 40119 778 33 full full JJ 40119 778 34 light light NN 40119 778 35 of of IN 40119 778 36 the the DT 40119 778 37 discharge discharge NN 40119 778 38 . . . 40119 779 1 The the DT 40119 779 2 room room NN 40119 779 3 being be VBG 40119 779 4 darkened darken VBN 40119 779 5 , , , 40119 779 6 let let VB 40119 779 7 the the DT 40119 779 8 machine machine NN 40119 779 9 be be VB 40119 779 10 worked work VBN 40119 779 11 slowly slowly RB 40119 779 12 , , , 40119 779 13 while while IN 40119 779 14 the the DT 40119 779 15 eyes eye NNS 40119 779 16 are be VBP 40119 779 17 turned turn VBN 40119 779 18 towards towards IN 40119 779 19 the the DT 40119 779 20 white white JJ 40119 779 21 paper paper NN 40119 779 22 . . . 40119 780 1 This this DT 40119 780 2 will will MD 40119 780 3 be be VB 40119 780 4 seen see VBN 40119 780 5 for for IN 40119 780 6 a a DT 40119 780 7 moment moment NN 40119 780 8 when when WRB 40119 780 9 the the DT 40119 780 10 spark spark NN 40119 780 11 passes pass VBZ 40119 780 12 , , , 40119 780 13 and and CC 40119 780 14 , , , 40119 780 15 after after IN 40119 780 16 a a DT 40119 780 17 dark dark JJ 40119 780 18 interval interval NN 40119 780 19 of of IN 40119 780 20 about about RB 40119 780 21 one one CD 40119 780 22 - - HYPH 40119 780 23 fifth fifth NN 40119 780 24 of of IN 40119 780 25 a a DT 40119 780 26 second second JJ 40119 780 27 , , , 40119 780 28 it -PRON- PRP 40119 780 29 will will MD 40119 780 30 make make VB 40119 780 31 another another DT 40119 780 32 brief brief JJ 40119 780 33 appearance appearance NN 40119 780 34 . . . 40119 781 1 After after IN 40119 781 2 a a DT 40119 781 3 further further JJ 40119 781 4 short short JJ 40119 781 5 interval interval NN 40119 781 6 of of IN 40119 781 7 darkness darkness NN 40119 781 8 , , , 40119 781 9 a a DT 40119 781 10 second second JJ 40119 781 11 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 781 12 image image NN 40119 781 13 will will MD 40119 781 14 often often RB 40119 781 15 be be VB 40119 781 16 seen see VBN 40119 781 17 . . . 40119 782 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 782 2 may may MD 40119 782 3 be be VB 40119 782 4 remarked remark VBN 40119 782 5 that that IN 40119 782 6 the the DT 40119 782 7 effect effect NN 40119 782 8 is be VBZ 40119 782 9 most most RBS 40119 782 10 striking striking JJ 40119 782 11 when when WRB 40119 782 12 the the DT 40119 782 13 eyes eye NNS 40119 782 14 are be VBP 40119 782 15 not not RB 40119 782 16 directed direct VBN 40119 782 17 exactly exactly RB 40119 782 18 upon upon IN 40119 782 19 the the DT 40119 782 20 white white JJ 40119 782 21 paper paper NN 40119 782 22 , , , 40119 782 23 but but CC 40119 782 24 above above IN 40119 782 25 or or CC 40119 782 26 on on IN 40119 782 27 one one CD 40119 782 28 side side NN 40119 782 29 of of IN 40119 782 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 782 31 ; ; : 40119 782 32 the the DT 40119 782 33 proper proper JJ 40119 782 34 distance distance NN 40119 782 35 of of IN 40119 782 36 the the DT 40119 782 37 paper paper NN 40119 782 38 from from IN 40119 782 39 the the DT 40119 782 40 spark spark NN 40119 782 41 - - HYPH 40119 782 42 gap gap NN 40119 782 43 should should MD 40119 782 44 be be VB 40119 782 45 found find VBN 40119 782 46 by by IN 40119 782 47 trial trial NN 40119 782 48 . . . 40119 783 1 Under under IN 40119 783 2 favourable favourable JJ 40119 783 3 conditions condition NNS 40119 783 4 I -PRON- PRP 40119 783 5 have have VBP 40119 783 6 observed observe VBN 40119 783 7 as as RB 40119 783 8 many many JJ 40119 783 9 as as IN 40119 783 10 six six CD 40119 783 11 or or CC 40119 783 12 seven seven CD 40119 783 13 reappearances reappearance NNS 40119 783 14 of of IN 40119 783 15 an an DT 40119 783 16 object object NN 40119 783 17 which which WDT 40119 783 18 was be VBD 40119 783 19 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 783 20 by by IN 40119 783 21 a a DT 40119 783 22 single single JJ 40119 783 23 discharge discharge NN 40119 783 24 . . . 40119 784 1 These these DT 40119 784 2 followed follow VBD 40119 784 3 one one CD 40119 784 4 another another DT 40119 784 5 at at IN 40119 784 6 the the DT 40119 784 7 usual usual JJ 40119 784 8 rate rate NN 40119 784 9 -- -- : 40119 784 10 about about RB 40119 784 11 five five CD 40119 784 12 in in IN 40119 784 13 a a DT 40119 784 14 second second JJ 40119 784 15 -- -- : 40119 784 16 and and CC 40119 784 17 produced produce VBD 40119 784 18 a a DT 40119 784 19 twinkling twinkling NN 40119 784 20 or or CC 40119 784 21 quivering quiver VBG 40119 784 22 effect effect NN 40119 784 23 , , , 40119 784 24 closely closely RB 40119 784 25 resembling resemble VBG 40119 784 26 that that IN 40119 784 27 attending attend VBG 40119 784 28 a a DT 40119 784 29 flash flash NN 40119 784 30 of of IN 40119 784 31 lightning lightning NN 40119 784 32 which which WDT 40119 784 33 is be VBZ 40119 784 34 not not RB 40119 784 35 directly directly RB 40119 784 36 seen see VBN 40119 784 37 . . . 40119 785 1 There there EX 40119 785 2 can can MD 40119 785 3 indeed indeed RB 40119 785 4 be be VB 40119 785 5 little little JJ 40119 785 6 doubt doubt NN 40119 785 7 that that IN 40119 785 8 the the DT 40119 785 9 proverbial proverbial JJ 40119 785 10 quiver quiver NN 40119 785 11 of of IN 40119 785 12 the the DT 40119 785 13 lightning lightning NN 40119 785 14 - - HYPH 40119 785 15 flash flash NN 40119 785 16 is be VBZ 40119 785 17 in in IN 40119 785 18 many many JJ 40119 785 19 cases case NNS 40119 785 20 merely merely RB 40119 785 21 an an DT 40119 785 22 effect effect NN 40119 785 23 of of IN 40119 785 24 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 785 25 vision vision NN 40119 785 26 , , , 40119 785 27 though though IN 40119 785 28 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 785 29 , , , 40119 785 30 of of IN 40119 785 31 course course NN 40119 785 32 , , , 40119 785 33 as as IN 40119 785 34 has have VBZ 40119 785 35 been be VBN 40119 785 36 shown show VBN 40119 785 37 by by IN 40119 785 38 photographs photograph NNS 40119 785 39 , , , 40119 785 40 the the DT 40119 785 41 discharge discharge NN 40119 785 42 is be VBZ 40119 785 43 really really RB 40119 785 44 multiple multiple JJ 40119 785 45 . . . 40119 786 1 Some some DT 40119 786 2 years year NNS 40119 786 3 ago ago RB 40119 786 4 I -PRON- PRP 40119 786 5 called call VBD 40119 786 6 attention attention NN 40119 786 7 to to IN 40119 786 8 a a DT 40119 786 9 very very RB 40119 786 10 different different JJ 40119 786 11 method method NN 40119 786 12 of of IN 40119 786 13 exhibiting exhibit VBG 40119 786 14 a a DT 40119 786 15 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 786 16 image image NN 40119 786 17 . . . 40119 787 1 The the DT 40119 787 2 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 787 3 used use VBN 40119 787 4 for for IN 40119 787 5 the the DT 40119 787 6 purpose purpose NN 40119 787 7 consists consist VBZ 40119 787 8 of of IN 40119 787 9 a a DT 40119 787 10 vacuum vacuum NN 40119 787 11 tube tube NN 40119 787 12 mounted mount VBN 40119 787 13 in in IN 40119 787 14 the the DT 40119 787 15 usual usual JJ 40119 787 16 way way NN 40119 787 17 upon upon IN 40119 787 18 a a DT 40119 787 19 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 787 20 axis axi NNS 40119 787 21 capable capable JJ 40119 787 22 of of IN 40119 787 23 rotation rotation NN 40119 787 24 . . . 40119 788 1 When when WRB 40119 788 2 the the DT 40119 788 3 tube tube NN 40119 788 4 is be VBZ 40119 788 5 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 788 6 by by IN 40119 788 7 a a DT 40119 788 8 rapid rapid JJ 40119 788 9 succession succession NN 40119 788 10 of of IN 40119 788 11 discharges discharge NNS 40119 788 12 from from IN 40119 788 13 an an DT 40119 788 14 induction induction NN 40119 788 15 coil coil NN 40119 788 16 , , , 40119 788 17 and and CC 40119 788 18 is be VBZ 40119 788 19 made make VBN 40119 788 20 to to TO 40119 788 21 rotate rotate VB 40119 788 22 very very RB 40119 788 23 slowly slowly RB 40119 788 24 by by IN 40119 788 25 clockwork clockwork NN 40119 788 26 ( ( -LRB- 40119 788 27 turning turn VBG 40119 788 28 once once RB 40119 788 29 in in IN 40119 788 30 every every DT 40119 788 31 two two CD 40119 788 32 or or CC 40119 788 33 three three CD 40119 788 34 seconds second NNS 40119 788 35 ) ) -RRB- 40119 788 36 , , , 40119 788 37 a a DT 40119 788 38 very very RB 40119 788 39 curious curious JJ 40119 788 40 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 788 41 may may MD 40119 788 42 be be VB 40119 788 43 noticed notice VBN 40119 788 44 . . . 40119 789 1 At at IN 40119 789 2 a a DT 40119 789 3 distance distance NN 40119 789 4 of of IN 40119 789 5 a a DT 40119 789 6 few few JJ 40119 789 7 degrees degree NNS 40119 789 8 behind behind IN 40119 789 9 the the DT 40119 789 10 tube tube NN 40119 789 11 and and CC 40119 789 12 separated separate VBD 40119 789 13 from from IN 40119 789 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 789 15 by by IN 40119 789 16 an an DT 40119 789 17 interval interval NN 40119 789 18 of of IN 40119 789 19 perfect perfect JJ 40119 789 20 darkness darkness NN 40119 789 21 , , , 40119 789 22 comes come VBZ 40119 789 23 a a DT 40119 789 24 ghost ghost NN 40119 789 25 . . . 40119 790 1 This this DT 40119 790 2 ghost ghost NN 40119 790 3 is be VBZ 40119 790 4 in in IN 40119 790 5 form form NN 40119 790 6 an an DT 40119 790 7 exact exact JJ 40119 790 8 reproduction reproduction NN 40119 790 9 of of IN 40119 790 10 the the DT 40119 790 11 tube tube NN 40119 790 12 ; ; : 40119 790 13 it -PRON- PRP 40119 790 14 is be VBZ 40119 790 15 very very RB 40119 790 16 clearly clearly RB 40119 790 17 defined define VBN 40119 790 18 , , , 40119 790 19 and and CC 40119 790 20 though though IN 40119 790 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 790 22 apparent apparent JJ 40119 790 23 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 790 24 is be VBZ 40119 790 25 somewhat somewhat RB 40119 790 26 feeble feeble JJ 40119 790 27 , , , 40119 790 28 it -PRON- PRP 40119 790 29 can can MD 40119 790 30 in in IN 40119 790 31 most most JJS 40119 790 32 cases case NNS 40119 790 33 be be VB 40119 790 34 seen see VBN 40119 790 35 without without IN 40119 790 36 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 790 37 . . . 40119 791 1 The the DT 40119 791 2 varied varied JJ 40119 791 3 colours colour NNS 40119 791 4 of of IN 40119 791 5 the the DT 40119 791 6 original original JJ 40119 791 7 are be VBP 40119 791 8 , , , 40119 791 9 however however RB 40119 791 10 , , , 40119 791 11 absent absent JJ 40119 791 12 , , , 40119 791 13 the the DT 40119 791 14 whole whole NN 40119 791 15 of of IN 40119 791 16 the the DT 40119 791 17 phantom phantom JJ 40119 791 18 tube tube NN 40119 791 19 being be VBG 40119 791 20 of of IN 40119 791 21 a a DT 40119 791 22 uniform uniform JJ 40119 791 23 bluish bluish NN 40119 791 24 or or CC 40119 791 25 violet violet NN 40119 791 26 tint tint NN 40119 791 27 . . . 40119 792 1 If if IN 40119 792 2 the the DT 40119 792 3 rotation rotation NN 40119 792 4 is be VBZ 40119 792 5 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 792 6 stopped stop VBN 40119 792 7 the the DT 40119 792 8 ghost ghost NN 40119 792 9 still still RB 40119 792 10 moves move VBZ 40119 792 11 steadily steadily RB 40119 792 12 on on RP 40119 792 13 until until IN 40119 792 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 792 15 reaches reach VBZ 40119 792 16 the the DT 40119 792 17 luminous luminous JJ 40119 792 18 tube tube NN 40119 792 19 , , , 40119 792 20 with with IN 40119 792 21 which which WDT 40119 792 22 it -PRON- PRP 40119 792 23 coalesces coalesce VBZ 40119 792 24 and and CC 40119 792 25 so so RB 40119 792 26 disappears disappear VBZ 40119 792 27 . . . 40119 793 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 793 2 See see VB 40119 793 3 Fig fig NN 40119 793 4 . . . 40119 794 1 36 36 CD 40119 794 2 , , , 40119 794 3 where where WRB 40119 794 4 the the DT 40119 794 5 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 794 6 image image NN 40119 794 7 is be VBZ 40119 794 8 represented represent VBN 40119 794 9 by by IN 40119 794 10 dotted dotted JJ 40119 794 11 lines line NNS 40119 794 12 . . . 40119 794 13 ) ) -RRB- 40119 795 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 795 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 795 3 : : : 40119 795 4 _ _ NNP 40119 795 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 795 6 . . . 40119 796 1 36.--Recurrent 36.--recurrent CD 40119 796 2 Vision Vision NNP 40119 796 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 40119 796 4 with with IN 40119 796 5 a a DT 40119 796 6 Vacuum Vacuum NNP 40119 796 7 Tube Tube NNP 40119 796 8 . . . 40119 796 9 _ _ NNP 40119 796 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 796 11 More more RBR 40119 796 12 recently recently RB 40119 796 13 a a DT 40119 796 14 fresh fresh JJ 40119 796 15 series series NN 40119 796 16 of of IN 40119 796 17 experiments experiment NNS 40119 796 18 were be VBD 40119 796 19 undertaken undertake VBN 40119 796 20 in in IN 40119 796 21 connection connection NN 40119 796 22 with with IN 40119 796 23 the the DT 40119 796 24 Young young JJ 40119 796 25 effect effect NN 40119 796 26 and and CC 40119 796 27 certain certain JJ 40119 796 28 allied ally VBN 40119 796 29 matters matter NNS 40119 796 30 , , , 40119 796 31 the the DT 40119 796 32 results result NNS 40119 796 33 being be VBG 40119 796 34 embodied embody VBN 40119 796 35 in in IN 40119 796 36 a a DT 40119 796 37 communication communication NN 40119 796 38 to to IN 40119 796 39 the the DT 40119 796 40 Royal Royal NNP 40119 796 41 Society Society NNP 40119 796 42 ( ( -LRB- 40119 796 43 Proc Proc NNP 40119 796 44 . . . 40119 797 1 Roy Roy NNP 40119 797 2 . . . 40119 798 1 Soc Soc NNP 40119 798 2 . . NNP 40119 798 3 , , , 40119 798 4 1894 1894 CD 40119 798 5 , , , 40119 798 6 vol vol NNP 40119 798 7 . . . 40119 799 1 56 56 CD 40119 799 2 , , , 40119 799 3 p. p. NN 40119 799 4 132 132 CD 40119 799 5 ) ) -RRB- 40119 799 6 . . . 40119 800 1 Among among IN 40119 800 2 other other JJ 40119 800 3 things thing NNS 40119 800 4 an an DT 40119 800 5 attempt attempt NN 40119 800 6 was be VBD 40119 800 7 made make VBN 40119 800 8 to to TO 40119 800 9 ascertain ascertain VB 40119 800 10 how how WRB 40119 800 11 far far RB 40119 800 12 a a DT 40119 800 13 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 800 14 image image NN 40119 800 15 was be VBD 40119 800 16 affected affect VBN 40119 800 17 by by IN 40119 800 18 the the DT 40119 800 19 colour colour NN 40119 800 20 of of IN 40119 800 21 the the DT 40119 800 22 exciting exciting JJ 40119 800 23 light light NN 40119 800 24 . . . 40119 801 1 With with IN 40119 801 2 this this DT 40119 801 3 object object NN 40119 801 4 two two CD 40119 801 5 methods method NNS 40119 801 6 of of IN 40119 801 7 experimenting experiment VBG 40119 801 8 were be VBD 40119 801 9 employed employ VBN 40119 801 10 . . . 40119 802 1 In in IN 40119 802 2 the the DT 40119 802 3 first first JJ 40119 802 4 , , , 40119 802 5 coloured colour VBN 40119 802 6 light light NN 40119 802 7 was be VBD 40119 802 8 obtained obtain VBN 40119 802 9 by by IN 40119 802 10 passing pass VBG 40119 802 11 white white JJ 40119 802 12 light light NN 40119 802 13 through through IN 40119 802 14 coloured coloured JJ 40119 802 15 glasses glass NNS 40119 802 16 ; ; : 40119 802 17 in in IN 40119 802 18 the the DT 40119 802 19 second second JJ 40119 802 20 and and CC 40119 802 21 more more RBR 40119 802 22 perfect perfect JJ 40119 802 23 series series NN 40119 802 24 of of IN 40119 802 25 experiments experiment NNS 40119 802 26 , , , 40119 802 27 the the DT 40119 802 28 pure pure JJ 40119 802 29 coloured coloured JJ 40119 802 30 light light NN 40119 802 31 of of IN 40119 802 32 the the DT 40119 802 33 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 802 34 was be VBD 40119 802 35 used use VBN 40119 802 36 . . . 40119 803 1 Among among IN 40119 803 2 other other JJ 40119 803 3 results result NNS 40119 803 4 it -PRON- PRP 40119 803 5 was be VBD 40119 803 6 found find VBN 40119 803 7 that that IN 40119 803 8 , , , 40119 803 9 _ _ NNP 40119 803 10 cæteris cæteris NNP 40119 803 11 paribus paribus NNP 40119 803 12 _ _ NNP 40119 803 13 , , , 40119 803 14 the the DT 40119 803 15 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 803 16 image image NN 40119 803 17 was be VBD 40119 803 18 much much RB 40119 803 19 stronger strong JJR 40119 803 20 with with IN 40119 803 21 green green JJ 40119 803 22 light light NN 40119 803 23 than than IN 40119 803 24 with with IN 40119 803 25 any any DT 40119 803 26 other other JJ 40119 803 27 , , , 40119 803 28 and and CC 40119 803 29 that that IN 40119 803 30 when when WRB 40119 803 31 the the DT 40119 803 32 excitation excitation NN 40119 803 33 was be VBD 40119 803 34 produced produce VBN 40119 803 35 by by IN 40119 803 36 pure pure JJ 40119 803 37 red red JJ 40119 803 38 light light NN 40119 803 39 , , , 40119 803 40 however however RB 40119 803 41 intense intense JJ 40119 803 42 , , , 40119 803 43 there there EX 40119 803 44 was be VBD 40119 803 45 no no DT 40119 803 46 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 803 47 image image NN 40119 803 48 at at RB 40119 803 49 all all RB 40119 803 50 . . . 40119 804 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 804 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 804 3 : : : 40119 804 4 _ _ NNP 40119 804 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 804 6 . . . 40119 805 1 37.--Recurrent 37.--recurrent LS 40119 805 2 Vision vision NN 40119 805 3 with with IN 40119 805 4 Rotating Rotating NNP 40119 805 5 Disk Disk NNP 40119 805 6 . . . 40119 805 7 _ _ NNP 40119 805 8 ] ] -RRB- 40119 805 9 For for IN 40119 805 10 a a DT 40119 805 11 repetition repetition NN 40119 805 12 of of IN 40119 805 13 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 805 14 first first JJ 40119 805 15 experiment experiment NN 40119 805 16 a a DT 40119 805 17 mechanical mechanical JJ 40119 805 18 lantern lantern JJ 40119 805 19 slide slide NN 40119 805 20 is be VBZ 40119 805 21 required require VBN 40119 805 22 containing contain VBG 40119 805 23 a a DT 40119 805 24 metal metal NN 40119 805 25 disk disk NN 40119 805 26 about about RB 40119 805 27 three three CD 40119 805 28 inches inch NNS 40119 805 29 in in IN 40119 805 30 diameter diameter NN 40119 805 31 which which WDT 40119 805 32 can can MD 40119 805 33 be be VB 40119 805 34 caused cause VBN 40119 805 35 to to TO 40119 805 36 rotate rotate VB 40119 805 37 slowly slowly RB 40119 805 38 and and CC 40119 805 39 steadily steadily RB 40119 805 40 about about IN 40119 805 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 805 42 centre centre NN 40119 805 43 . . . 40119 806 1 Near near IN 40119 806 2 the the DT 40119 806 3 edge edge NN 40119 806 4 of of IN 40119 806 5 the the DT 40119 806 6 disk disk NN 40119 806 7 is be VBZ 40119 806 8 a a DT 40119 806 9 small small JJ 40119 806 10 circular circular JJ 40119 806 11 aperture aperture NN 40119 806 12 . . . 40119 807 1 The the DT 40119 807 2 slide slide NN 40119 807 3 is be VBZ 40119 807 4 placed place VBN 40119 807 5 in in IN 40119 807 6 a a DT 40119 807 7 limelight limelight NN 40119 807 8 lantern lantern NN 40119 807 9 , , , 40119 807 10 and and CC 40119 807 11 a a DT 40119 807 12 bright bright JJ 40119 807 13 image image NN 40119 807 14 of of IN 40119 807 15 the the DT 40119 807 16 hole hole NN 40119 807 17 is be VBZ 40119 807 18 focussed focusse VBN 40119 807 19 upon upon IN 40119 807 20 a a DT 40119 807 21 distant distant JJ 40119 807 22 screen screen NN 40119 807 23 , , , 40119 807 24 all all DT 40119 807 25 other other JJ 40119 807 26 light light NN 40119 807 27 being be VBG 40119 807 28 carefully carefully RB 40119 807 29 shut shut VBN 40119 807 30 off off RP 40119 807 31 . . . 40119 808 1 When when WRB 40119 808 2 the the DT 40119 808 3 disk disk NN 40119 808 4 is be VBZ 40119 808 5 turned turn VBN 40119 808 6 slowly slowly RB 40119 808 7 , , , 40119 808 8 the the DT 40119 808 9 spot spot NN 40119 808 10 of of IN 40119 808 11 light light NN 40119 808 12 upon upon IN 40119 808 13 the the DT 40119 808 14 screen screen NN 40119 808 15 goes go VBZ 40119 808 16 round round JJ 40119 808 17 and and CC 40119 808 18 round round JJ 40119 808 19 , , , 40119 808 20 and and CC 40119 808 21 it -PRON- PRP 40119 808 22 is be VBZ 40119 808 23 generally generally RB 40119 808 24 possible possible JJ 40119 808 25 to to TO 40119 808 26 see see VB 40119 808 27 at at IN 40119 808 28 once once RB 40119 808 29 that that IN 40119 808 30 the the DT 40119 808 31 bright bright JJ 40119 808 32 primary primary JJ 40119 808 33 spot spot NN 40119 808 34 appears appear VBZ 40119 808 35 to to TO 40119 808 36 be be VB 40119 808 37 followed follow VBN 40119 808 38 at at IN 40119 808 39 a a DT 40119 808 40 short short JJ 40119 808 41 distance distance NN 40119 808 42 by by IN 40119 808 43 a a DT 40119 808 44 much much RB 40119 808 45 feebler feeble JJR 40119 808 46 spot spot NN 40119 808 47 of of IN 40119 808 48 a a DT 40119 808 49 violet violet NN 40119 808 50 colour colour NN 40119 808 51 , , , 40119 808 52 which which WDT 40119 808 53 is be VBZ 40119 808 54 the the DT 40119 808 55 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 808 56 image image NN 40119 808 57 of of IN 40119 808 58 the the DT 40119 808 59 first first JJ 40119 808 60 . . . 40119 809 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 809 2 See see VB 40119 809 3 Fig fig NN 40119 809 4 . . . 40119 810 1 37 37 CD 40119 810 2 . . . 40119 810 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 811 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 811 2 is be VBZ 40119 811 3 essential essential JJ 40119 811 4 to to TO 40119 811 5 keep keep VB 40119 811 6 the the DT 40119 811 7 direction direction NN 40119 811 8 of of IN 40119 811 9 the the DT 40119 811 10 eyes eye NNS 40119 811 11 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 811 12 steady steady JJ 40119 811 13 , , , 40119 811 14 which which WDT 40119 811 15 is be VBZ 40119 811 16 not not RB 40119 811 17 a a DT 40119 811 18 very very RB 40119 811 19 easy easy JJ 40119 811 20 thing thing NN 40119 811 21 to to TO 40119 811 22 do do VB 40119 811 23 without without IN 40119 811 24 practice practice NN 40119 811 25 . . . 40119 812 1 If if IN 40119 812 2 a a DT 40119 812 3 green green JJ 40119 812 4 glass glass NN 40119 812 5 is be VBZ 40119 812 6 placed place VBN 40119 812 7 before before IN 40119 812 8 the the DT 40119 812 9 lens lens NN 40119 812 10 , , , 40119 812 11 the the DT 40119 812 12 ghost ghost NN 40119 812 13 will will MD 40119 812 14 be be VB 40119 812 15 at at IN 40119 812 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 812 17 best good JJS 40119 812 18 , , , 40119 812 19 and and CC 40119 812 20 should should MD 40119 812 21 be be VB 40119 812 22 seen see VBN 40119 812 23 quite quite RB 40119 812 24 clearly clearly RB 40119 812 25 and and CC 40119 812 26 easily easily RB 40119 812 27 , , , 40119 812 28 provided provide VBN 40119 812 29 that that IN 40119 812 30 no no DT 40119 812 31 attempt attempt NN 40119 812 32 is be VBZ 40119 812 33 made make VBN 40119 812 34 to to TO 40119 812 35 follow follow VB 40119 812 36 it -PRON- PRP 40119 812 37 with with IN 40119 812 38 the the DT 40119 812 39 eyes eye NNS 40119 812 40 . . . 40119 813 1 With with IN 40119 813 2 an an DT 40119 813 3 orange orange JJ 40119 813 4 glass glass NN 40119 813 5 the the DT 40119 813 6 ghost ghost NN 40119 813 7 becomes become VBZ 40119 813 8 less less RBR 40119 813 9 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 813 10 visible visible JJ 40119 813 11 , , , 40119 813 12 and and CC 40119 813 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 813 14 colour colour NN 40119 813 15 generally generally RB 40119 813 16 appears appear VBZ 40119 813 17 to to TO 40119 813 18 be be VB 40119 813 19 greenish greenish NN 40119 813 20 - - HYPH 40119 813 21 blue blue JJ 40119 813 22 , , , 40119 813 23 instead instead RB 40119 813 24 of of IN 40119 813 25 violet violet NN 40119 813 26 as as IN 40119 813 27 before before RB 40119 813 28 . . . 40119 814 1 When when WRB 40119 814 2 a a DT 40119 814 3 red red JJ 40119 814 4 glass glass NN 40119 814 5 is be VBZ 40119 814 6 substituted substitute VBN 40119 814 7 , , , 40119 814 8 the the DT 40119 814 9 ghost ghost NN 40119 814 10 completely completely RB 40119 814 11 disappears disappear VBZ 40119 814 12 . . . 40119 815 1 If if IN 40119 815 2 the the DT 40119 815 3 speed speed NN 40119 815 4 of of IN 40119 815 5 rotation rotation NN 40119 815 6 is be VBZ 40119 815 7 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 815 8 high high JJ 40119 815 9 , , , 40119 815 10 the the DT 40119 815 11 red red JJ 40119 815 12 spot spot NN 40119 815 13 is be VBZ 40119 815 14 considerably considerably RB 40119 815 15 elongated elongate VBN 40119 815 16 during during IN 40119 815 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 815 18 revolution revolution NN 40119 815 19 , , , 40119 815 20 and and CC 40119 815 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 815 22 colour colour NN 40119 815 23 ceases cease VBZ 40119 815 24 to to TO 40119 815 25 be be VB 40119 815 26 uniform uniform JJ 40119 815 27 , , , 40119 815 28 the the DT 40119 815 29 tail tail NN 40119 815 30 assuming assume VBG 40119 815 31 a a DT 40119 815 32 light light JJ 40119 815 33 bluish bluish JJ 40119 815 34 - - HYPH 40119 815 35 pink pink JJ 40119 815 36 tint tint NN 40119 815 37 . . . 40119 816 1 But but CC 40119 816 2 however however RB 40119 816 3 great great JJ 40119 816 4 the the DT 40119 816 5 speed speed NN 40119 816 6 , , , 40119 816 7 no no DT 40119 816 8 complete complete JJ 40119 816 9 separation separation NN 40119 816 10 of of IN 40119 816 11 the the DT 40119 816 12 spot spot NN 40119 816 13 into into IN 40119 816 14 red red JJ 40119 816 15 and and CC 40119 816 16 pink pink JJ 40119 816 17 portions portion NNS 40119 816 18 can can MD 40119 816 19 be be VB 40119 816 20 effected effect VBN 40119 816 21 , , , 40119 816 22 and and CC 40119 816 23 no no DT 40119 816 24 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 816 25 image image NN 40119 816 26 is be VBZ 40119 816 27 ever ever RB 40119 816 28 found find VBN 40119 816 29 . . . 40119 817 1 The the DT 40119 817 2 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 817 3 method method NN 40119 817 4 of of IN 40119 817 5 observation observation NN 40119 817 6 can can MD 40119 817 7 only only RB 40119 817 8 be be VB 40119 817 9 carried carry VBN 40119 817 10 out out RP 40119 817 11 on on IN 40119 817 12 a a DT 40119 817 13 small small JJ 40119 817 14 scale scale NN 40119 817 15 , , , 40119 817 16 and and CC 40119 817 17 is be VBZ 40119 817 18 not not RB 40119 817 19 suited suit VBN 40119 817 20 for for IN 40119 817 21 exhibition exhibition NN 40119 817 22 to to IN 40119 817 23 an an DT 40119 817 24 audience audience NN 40119 817 25 . . . 40119 818 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 818 2 , , , 40119 818 3 however however RB 40119 818 4 , , , 40119 818 5 affords afford VBZ 40119 818 6 the the DT 40119 818 7 best good JJS 40119 818 8 means mean NNS 40119 818 9 of of IN 40119 818 10 ascertaining ascertaining NN 40119 818 11 how how WRB 40119 818 12 far far RB 40119 818 13 the the DT 40119 818 14 apparent apparent JJ 40119 818 15 colour colour NN 40119 818 16 of of IN 40119 818 17 the the DT 40119 818 18 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 818 19 image image NN 40119 818 20 depends depend VBZ 40119 818 21 upon upon IN 40119 818 22 that that DT 40119 818 23 of of IN 40119 818 24 the the DT 40119 818 25 primary primary NN 40119 818 26 , , , 40119 818 27 a a DT 40119 818 28 matter matter NN 40119 818 29 of of IN 40119 818 30 some some DT 40119 818 31 theoretical theoretical JJ 40119 818 32 interest interest NN 40119 818 33 . . . 40119 819 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 819 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 819 3 : : : 40119 819 4 _ _ NNP 40119 819 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 819 6 . . . 40119 820 1 38.--Recurrent 38.--recurrent CD 40119 820 2 Vision Vision NNP 40119 820 3 with with IN 40119 820 4 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 820 5 . . . 40119 820 6 _ _ NNP 40119 820 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 820 8 The the DT 40119 820 9 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 820 10 adopted adopt VBN 40119 820 11 is be VBZ 40119 820 12 shown show VBN 40119 820 13 in in IN 40119 820 14 the the DT 40119 820 15 annexed annex VBN 40119 820 16 diagram diagram NN 40119 820 17 ( ( -LRB- 40119 820 18 Fig fig NN 40119 820 19 . . . 40119 821 1 38 38 CD 40119 821 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 821 3 . . . 40119 822 1 L l NN 40119 822 2 is be VBZ 40119 822 3 a a DT 40119 822 4 lantern lantern NN 40119 822 5 containing contain VBG 40119 822 6 an an DT 40119 822 7 oxyhydrogen oxyhydrogen NN 40119 822 8 light light NN 40119 822 9 or or CC 40119 822 10 an an DT 40119 822 11 electric electric JJ 40119 822 12 arc arc NN 40119 822 13 lamp lamp NN 40119 822 14 , , , 40119 822 15 S S NNP 40119 822 16 is be VBZ 40119 822 17 an an DT 40119 822 18 adjustable adjustable JJ 40119 822 19 slit slit NN 40119 822 20 , , , 40119 822 21 M M NNP 40119 822 22 a a DT 40119 822 23 projection projection NN 40119 822 24 lens lens NN 40119 822 25 , , , 40119 822 26 P p NN 40119 822 27 a a DT 40119 822 28 bisulphide bisulphide NN 40119 822 29 of of IN 40119 822 30 carbon carbon NN 40119 822 31 prism prism NN 40119 822 32 , , , 40119 822 33 D d NN 40119 822 34 a a DT 40119 822 35 metal metal NN 40119 822 36 plate plate NN 40119 822 37 in in IN 40119 822 38 the the DT 40119 822 39 middle middle NN 40119 822 40 of of IN 40119 822 41 which which WDT 40119 822 42 is be VBZ 40119 822 43 a a DT 40119 822 44 circular circular JJ 40119 822 45 aperture aperture NN 40119 822 46 2 2 CD 40119 822 47 millimetres millimetre NNS 40119 822 48 ( ( -LRB- 40119 822 49 1/12 1/12 CD 40119 822 50 inch inch NN 40119 822 51 ) ) -RRB- 40119 822 52 in in IN 40119 822 53 diameter diameter NN 40119 822 54 . . . 40119 823 1 A a DT 40119 823 2 bright bright JJ 40119 823 3 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 823 4 , , , 40119 823 5 6 6 CD 40119 823 6 or or CC 40119 823 7 7 7 CD 40119 823 8 centimetres centimetre NNS 40119 823 9 in in IN 40119 823 10 length length NN 40119 823 11 ( ( -LRB- 40119 823 12 about about RB 40119 823 13 3 3 CD 40119 823 14 inches inch NNS 40119 823 15 ) ) -RRB- 40119 823 16 , , , 40119 823 17 is be VBZ 40119 823 18 projected project VBN 40119 823 19 upon upon IN 40119 823 20 this this DT 40119 823 21 metal metal NN 40119 823 22 plate plate NN 40119 823 23 , , , 40119 823 24 and and CC 40119 823 25 a a DT 40119 823 26 small small JJ 40119 823 27 selected select VBN 40119 823 28 portion portion NN 40119 823 29 of of IN 40119 823 30 it -PRON- PRP 40119 823 31 passes pass VBZ 40119 823 32 through through IN 40119 823 33 the the DT 40119 823 34 round round JJ 40119 823 35 hole hole NN 40119 823 36 ; ; : 40119 823 37 thence thence VB 40119 823 38 the the DT 40119 823 39 coloured coloured JJ 40119 823 40 light light NN 40119 823 41 goes go VBZ 40119 823 42 through through IN 40119 823 43 the the DT 40119 823 44 lens lens NN 40119 823 45 N n CD 40119 823 46 to to IN 40119 823 47 the the DT 40119 823 48 little little JJ 40119 823 49 mirror mirror NN 40119 823 50 Q Q NNP 40119 823 51 , , , 40119 823 52 which which WDT 40119 823 53 reflects reflect VBZ 40119 823 54 it -PRON- PRP 40119 823 55 upon upon IN 40119 823 56 the the DT 40119 823 57 white white JJ 40119 823 58 screen screen NN 40119 823 59 R. R. NNP 40119 823 60 By By NNP 40119 823 61 properly properly RB 40119 823 62 adjusting adjust VBG 40119 823 63 the the DT 40119 823 64 position position NN 40119 823 65 of of IN 40119 823 66 the the DT 40119 823 67 lens lens NN 40119 823 68 N n CC 40119 823 69 a a DT 40119 823 70 sharp sharp JJ 40119 823 71 monochromatic monochromatic JJ 40119 823 72 image image NN 40119 823 73 of of IN 40119 823 74 the the DT 40119 823 75 round round JJ 40119 823 76 hole hole NN 40119 823 77 in in IN 40119 823 78 the the DT 40119 823 79 plate plate NN 40119 823 80 D d NN 40119 823 81 is be VBZ 40119 823 82 focussed focusse VBN 40119 823 83 upon upon IN 40119 823 84 the the DT 40119 823 85 screen screen NN 40119 823 86 R. R. NNP 40119 823 87 To to IN 40119 823 88 the the DT 40119 823 89 back back NN 40119 823 90 of of IN 40119 823 91 the the DT 40119 823 92 mirror mirror NN 40119 823 93 Q Q NNP 40119 823 94 is be VBZ 40119 823 95 attached attach VBN 40119 823 96 a a DT 40119 823 97 horizontal horizontal JJ 40119 823 98 arm arm NN 40119 823 99 which which WDT 40119 823 100 is be VBZ 40119 823 101 not not RB 40119 823 102 quite quite RB 40119 823 103 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 40119 823 104 to to IN 40119 823 105 the the DT 40119 823 106 mirror mirror NN 40119 823 107 , , , 40119 823 108 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 823 109 inclination inclination NN 40119 823 110 being be VBG 40119 823 111 capable capable JJ 40119 823 112 of of IN 40119 823 113 adjustment adjustment NN 40119 823 114 . . . 40119 824 1 The the DT 40119 824 2 arm arm NN 40119 824 3 is be VBZ 40119 824 4 turned turn VBN 40119 824 5 slowly slowly RB 40119 824 6 by by IN 40119 824 7 clock clock NN 40119 824 8 - - HYPH 40119 824 9 work work NN 40119 824 10 , , , 40119 824 11 thus thus RB 40119 824 12 causing cause VBG 40119 824 13 the the DT 40119 824 14 coloured colour VBN 40119 824 15 spot spot NN 40119 824 16 on on IN 40119 824 17 the the DT 40119 824 18 screen screen NN 40119 824 19 to to TO 40119 824 20 revolve revolve VB 40119 824 21 in in IN 40119 824 22 a a DT 40119 824 23 circular circular JJ 40119 824 24 orbit orbit NN 40119 824 25 about about RB 40119 824 26 30 30 CD 40119 824 27 centimetres centimetre NNS 40119 824 28 ( ( -LRB- 40119 824 29 1 1 CD 40119 824 30 foot foot NN 40119 824 31 ) ) -RRB- 40119 824 32 in in IN 40119 824 33 diameter diameter NN 40119 824 34 , , , 40119 824 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 824 36 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 824 37 image image NN 40119 824 38 following follow VBG 40119 824 39 at at IN 40119 824 40 a a DT 40119 824 41 short short JJ 40119 824 42 distance distance NN 40119 824 43 behind behind IN 40119 824 44 it -PRON- PRP 40119 824 45 . . . 40119 825 1 When when WRB 40119 825 2 the the DT 40119 825 3 mirror mirror NN 40119 825 4 turns turn VBZ 40119 825 5 once once RB 40119 825 6 in in IN 40119 825 7 1 1 CD 40119 825 8 - - SYM 40119 825 9 1/2 1/2 CD 40119 825 10 seconds second NNS 40119 825 11 , , , 40119 825 12 this this DT 40119 825 13 image image NN 40119 825 14 appears appear VBZ 40119 825 15 about about RB 40119 825 16 50 50 CD 40119 825 17 ° ° NNS 40119 825 18 behind behind IN 40119 825 19 the the DT 40119 825 20 coloured colour VBN 40119 825 21 spot spot NN 40119 825 22 , , , 40119 825 23 the the DT 40119 825 24 corresponding corresponding JJ 40119 825 25 time time NN 40119 825 26 - - HYPH 40119 825 27 interval interval NN 40119 825 28 being be VBG 40119 825 29 about about RB 40119 825 30 one one CD 40119 825 31 - - HYPH 40119 825 32 fifth fifth NN 40119 825 33 of of IN 40119 825 34 a a DT 40119 825 35 second second NN 40119 825 36 . . . 40119 826 1 Using use VBG 40119 826 2 this this DT 40119 826 3 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 826 4 , , , 40119 826 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 826 6 was be VBD 40119 826 7 found find VBN 40119 826 8 that that IN 40119 826 9 white white JJ 40119 826 10 light light NN 40119 826 11 was be VBD 40119 826 12 followed follow VBN 40119 826 13 by by IN 40119 826 14 a a DT 40119 826 15 violet violet NN 40119 826 16 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 826 17 image image NN 40119 826 18 ; ; : 40119 826 19 after after IN 40119 826 20 blue blue JJ 40119 826 21 and and CC 40119 826 22 green green JJ 40119 826 23 , , , 40119 826 24 when when WRB 40119 826 25 the the DT 40119 826 26 image image NN 40119 826 27 was be VBD 40119 826 28 brightest bright JJS 40119 826 29 , , , 40119 826 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 826 31 colour colour NN 40119 826 32 was be VBD 40119 826 33 also also RB 40119 826 34 violet violet NN 40119 826 35 ; ; : 40119 826 36 after after IN 40119 826 37 yellow yellow NN 40119 826 38 and and CC 40119 826 39 orange orange VBP 40119 826 40 it -PRON- PRP 40119 826 41 appeared appear VBD 40119 826 42 blue blue JJ 40119 826 43 or or CC 40119 826 44 greenish greenish JJ 40119 826 45 blue blue JJ 40119 826 46 . . . 40119 827 1 On on IN 40119 827 2 the the DT 40119 827 3 other other JJ 40119 827 4 hand hand NN 40119 827 5 , , , 40119 827 6 when when WRB 40119 827 7 a a DT 40119 827 8 complete complete JJ 40119 827 9 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 827 10 was be VBD 40119 827 11 caused cause VBN 40119 827 12 to to TO 40119 827 13 revolve revolve VB 40119 827 14 upon upon IN 40119 827 15 the the DT 40119 827 16 screen screen NN 40119 827 17 , , , 40119 827 18 the the DT 40119 827 19 whole whole NN 40119 827 20 of of IN 40119 827 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 827 22 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 827 23 image image NN 40119 827 24 from from IN 40119 827 25 end end NN 40119 827 26 to to IN 40119 827 27 end end NN 40119 827 28 appeared appear VBN 40119 827 29 violet violet NN 40119 827 30 ; ; : 40119 827 31 there there EX 40119 827 32 was be VBD 40119 827 33 no no DT 40119 827 34 suspicion suspicion NN 40119 827 35 of of IN 40119 827 36 blue blue JJ 40119 827 37 or or CC 40119 827 38 greenish greenish NN 40119 827 39 - - HYPH 40119 827 40 blue blue JJ 40119 827 41 at at IN 40119 827 42 the the DT 40119 827 43 less less JJR 40119 827 44 refrangible refrangible JJ 40119 827 45 end end NN 40119 827 46 . . . 40119 828 1 For for IN 40119 828 2 this this DT 40119 828 3 and and CC 40119 828 4 other other JJ 40119 828 5 reasons reason NNS 40119 828 6 given give VBN 40119 828 7 in in IN 40119 828 8 the the DT 40119 828 9 paper paper NN 40119 828 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 828 11 was be VBD 40119 828 12 concluded conclude VBN 40119 828 13 that that IN 40119 828 14 the the DT 40119 828 15 true true JJ 40119 828 16 colour colour NN 40119 828 17 was be VBD 40119 828 18 in in IN 40119 828 19 all all DT 40119 828 20 cases case NNS 40119 828 21 really really RB 40119 828 22 violet violet NN 40119 828 23 , , , 40119 828 24 the the DT 40119 828 25 blue blue JJ 40119 828 26 and and CC 40119 828 27 greenish greenish NN 40119 828 28 - - HYPH 40119 828 29 blue blue JJ 40119 828 30 apparently apparently RB 40119 828 31 seen see VBN 40119 828 32 in in IN 40119 828 33 conjunction conjunction NN 40119 828 34 with with IN 40119 828 35 the the DT 40119 828 36 much much RB 40119 828 37 brighter bright JJR 40119 828 38 yellow yellow NN 40119 828 39 and and CC 40119 828 40 orange orange NN 40119 828 41 of of IN 40119 828 42 the the DT 40119 828 43 primary primary JJ 40119 828 44 being be VBG 40119 828 45 merely merely RB 40119 828 46 an an DT 40119 828 47 illusory illusory JJ 40119 828 48 effect effect NN 40119 828 49 of of IN 40119 828 50 contrast contrast NN 40119 828 51 . . . 40119 829 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 829 2 seems seem VBZ 40119 829 3 likely likely JJ 40119 829 4 , , , 40119 829 5 then then RB 40119 829 6 , , , 40119 829 7 that that IN 40119 829 8 the the DT 40119 829 9 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 829 10 which which WDT 40119 829 11 has have VBZ 40119 829 12 been be VBN 40119 829 13 spoken speak VBN 40119 829 14 of of IN 40119 829 15 as as IN 40119 829 16 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 829 17 vision vision NN 40119 829 18 , , , 40119 829 19 is be VBZ 40119 829 20 due due JJ 40119 829 21 principally principally RB 40119 829 22 , , , 40119 829 23 if if IN 40119 829 24 not not RB 40119 829 25 entirely entirely RB 40119 829 26 , , , 40119 829 27 to to IN 40119 829 28 an an DT 40119 829 29 action action NN 40119 829 30 of of IN 40119 829 31 the the DT 40119 829 32 violet violet NN 40119 829 33 nerve nerve NN 40119 829 34 - - HYPH 40119 829 35 fibres fibre NNS 40119 829 36 . . . 40119 830 1 Recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 830 2 vision vision NN 40119 830 3 is be VBZ 40119 830 4 , , , 40119 830 5 no no RB 40119 830 6 doubt doubt RB 40119 830 7 , , , 40119 830 8 generally generally RB 40119 830 9 most most RBS 40119 830 10 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 830 11 after after IN 40119 830 12 a a DT 40119 830 13 very very RB 40119 830 14 brief brief JJ 40119 830 15 period period NN 40119 830 16 of of IN 40119 830 17 retinal retinal JJ 40119 830 18 illumination illumination NN 40119 830 19 , , , 40119 830 20 such such JJ 40119 830 21 as as IN 40119 830 22 was be VBD 40119 830 23 employed employ VBN 40119 830 24 in in IN 40119 830 25 the the DT 40119 830 26 experiments experiment NNS 40119 830 27 which which WDT 40119 830 28 we -PRON- PRP 40119 830 29 have have VBP 40119 830 30 been be VBN 40119 830 31 discussing discuss VBG 40119 830 32 ; ; : 40119 830 33 this this DT 40119 830 34 is be VBZ 40119 830 35 evidently evidently RB 40119 830 36 due due JJ 40119 830 37 to to IN 40119 830 38 the the DT 40119 830 39 fact fact NN 40119 830 40 that that IN 40119 830 41 the the DT 40119 830 42 effect effect NN 40119 830 43 is be VBZ 40119 830 44 most most RBS 40119 830 45 easily easily RB 40119 830 46 perceived perceive VBN 40119 830 47 when when WRB 40119 830 48 the the DT 40119 830 49 sensibility sensibility NN 40119 830 50 of of IN 40119 830 51 the the DT 40119 830 52 retina retina NNP 40119 830 53 has have VBZ 40119 830 54 not not RB 40119 830 55 been be VBN 40119 830 56 impaired impair VBN 40119 830 57 by by IN 40119 830 58 fatigue fatigue NN 40119 830 59 . . . 40119 831 1 But but CC 40119 831 2 by by IN 40119 831 3 a a DT 40119 831 4 little little JJ 40119 831 5 effort effort NN 40119 831 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 831 7 may may MD 40119 831 8 be be VB 40119 831 9 detected detect VBN 40119 831 10 even even RB 40119 831 11 after after IN 40119 831 12 very very RB 40119 831 13 prolonged prolonged JJ 40119 831 14 illumination illumination NN 40119 831 15 , , , 40119 831 16 and and CC 40119 831 17 a a DT 40119 831 18 practised practise VBN 40119 831 19 observer observer NN 40119 831 20 can can MD 40119 831 21 hardly hardly RB 40119 831 22 avoid avoid VB 40119 831 23 noticing notice VBG 40119 831 24 a a DT 40119 831 25 short short JJ 40119 831 26 flash flash NN 40119 831 27 of of IN 40119 831 28 bluish bluish JJ 40119 831 29 light light NN 40119 831 30 which which WDT 40119 831 31 manifests manifest VBZ 40119 831 32 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 831 33 about about IN 40119 831 34 a a DT 40119 831 35 quarter quarter NN 40119 831 36 of of IN 40119 831 37 a a DT 40119 831 38 second second JJ 40119 831 39 after after IN 40119 831 40 the the DT 40119 831 41 lights light NNS 40119 831 42 in in IN 40119 831 43 a a DT 40119 831 44 room room NN 40119 831 45 have have VBP 40119 831 46 been be VBN 40119 831 47 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 831 48 extinguished extinguish VBN 40119 831 49 ; ; : 40119 831 50 the the DT 40119 831 51 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 831 52 forces force VBZ 40119 831 53 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 831 54 upon upon IN 40119 831 55 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 831 56 attention attention NN 40119 831 57 almost almost RB 40119 831 58 every every DT 40119 831 59 night night NN 40119 831 60 when when WRB 40119 831 61 I -PRON- PRP 40119 831 62 turn turn VBP 40119 831 63 off off RP 40119 831 64 the the DT 40119 831 65 electric electric JJ 40119 831 66 lights light NNS 40119 831 67 . . . 40119 832 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 832 2 need nee MD 40119 832 3 hardly hardly RB 40119 832 4 be be VB 40119 832 5 pointed point VBN 40119 832 6 out out RP 40119 832 7 that that IN 40119 832 8 it -PRON- PRP 40119 832 9 represents represent VBZ 40119 832 10 only only RB 40119 832 11 a a DT 40119 832 12 transient transient JJ 40119 832 13 phase phase NN 40119 832 14 of of IN 40119 832 15 the the DT 40119 832 16 well well RB 40119 832 17 known know VBN 40119 832 18 positive positive JJ 40119 832 19 after after IN 40119 832 20 - - HYPH 40119 832 21 image image NN 40119 832 22 , , , 40119 832 23 and and CC 40119 832 24 it -PRON- PRP 40119 832 25 had have VBD 40119 832 26 even even RB 40119 832 27 been be VBN 40119 832 28 observed observe VBN 40119 832 29 in in IN 40119 832 30 a a DT 40119 832 31 vague vague JJ 40119 832 32 and and CC 40119 832 33 uncertain uncertain JJ 40119 832 34 sort sort NN 40119 832 35 of of IN 40119 832 36 way way NN 40119 832 37 long long RB 40119 832 38 before before IN 40119 832 39 the the DT 40119 832 40 date date NN 40119 832 41 of of IN 40119 832 42 Professor Professor NNP 40119 832 43 Young Young NNP 40119 832 44 's 's POS 40119 832 45 experiment experiment NN 40119 832 46 . . . 40119 833 1 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 833 2 , , , 40119 833 3 for for IN 40119 833 4 example example NN 40119 833 5 , , , 40119 833 6 mentions mention VBZ 40119 833 7 the the DT 40119 833 8 case case NN 40119 833 9 of of IN 40119 833 10 a a DT 40119 833 11 positive positive JJ 40119 833 12 after after IN 40119 833 13 - - HYPH 40119 833 14 image image NN 40119 833 15 which which WDT 40119 833 16 seemed seem VBD 40119 833 17 to to TO 40119 833 18 disappear disappear VB 40119 833 19 and and CC 40119 833 20 then then RB 40119 833 21 to to TO 40119 833 22 brighten brighten VB 40119 833 23 up up RP 40119 833 24 again again RB 40119 833 25 , , , 40119 833 26 but but CC 40119 833 27 he -PRON- PRP 40119 833 28 goes go VBZ 40119 833 29 on on RP 40119 833 30 to to TO 40119 833 31 explain explain VB 40119 833 32 -- -- : 40119 833 33 erroneously erroneously RB 40119 833 34 , , , 40119 833 35 as as IN 40119 833 36 it -PRON- PRP 40119 833 37 turns turn VBZ 40119 833 38 out out RP 40119 833 39 -- -- : 40119 833 40 that that IN 40119 833 41 the the DT 40119 833 42 seeming seeming JJ 40119 833 43 disappearance disappearance NN 40119 833 44 was be VBD 40119 833 45 illusory illusory JJ 40119 833 46 . . . 40119 834 1 M. M. NNP 40119 834 2 Charpentier Charpentier NNP 40119 834 3 , , , 40119 834 4 of of IN 40119 834 5 Nancy Nancy NNP 40119 834 6 , , , 40119 834 7 whose whose WP$ 40119 834 8 work work NN 40119 834 9 in in IN 40119 834 10 physiological physiological JJ 40119 834 11 optics optic NNS 40119 834 12 is be VBZ 40119 834 13 well well RB 40119 834 14 known know VBN 40119 834 15 , , , 40119 834 16 was be VBD 40119 834 17 the the DT 40119 834 18 first first JJ 40119 834 19 to to TO 40119 834 20 notice notice VB 40119 834 21 and and CC 40119 834 22 record record VB 40119 834 23 a a DT 40119 834 24 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 834 25 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 834 26 which which WDT 40119 834 27 , , , 40119 834 28 in in IN 40119 834 29 some some DT 40119 834 30 form form NN 40119 834 31 or or CC 40119 834 32 other other JJ 40119 834 33 , , , 40119 834 34 must must MD 40119 834 35 present present VB 40119 834 36 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 834 37 many many JJ 40119 834 38 times time NNS 40119 834 39 daily daily RB 40119 834 40 to to IN 40119 834 41 every every DT 40119 834 42 person person NN 40119 834 43 who who WP 40119 834 44 is be VBZ 40119 834 45 not not RB 40119 834 46 blind blind JJ 40119 834 47 , , , 40119 834 48 but but CC 40119 834 49 which which WDT 40119 834 50 until until IN 40119 834 51 about about RB 40119 834 52 seven seven CD 40119 834 53 years year NNS 40119 834 54 ago ago RB 40119 834 55 had have VBD 40119 834 56 been be VBN 40119 834 57 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 834 58 and and CC 40119 834 59 universally universally RB 40119 834 60 ignored ignore VBN 40119 834 61 . . . 40119 835 1 The the DT 40119 835 2 law law NN 40119 835 3 which which WDT 40119 835 4 is be VBZ 40119 835 5 associated associate VBN 40119 835 6 with with IN 40119 835 7 Charpentier Charpentier NNP 40119 835 8 's 's POS 40119 835 9 name name NN 40119 835 10 is be VBZ 40119 835 11 this:--When this:--When NNP 40119 835 12 darkness darkness NN 40119 835 13 is be VBZ 40119 835 14 succeeded succeed VBN 40119 835 15 by by IN 40119 835 16 light light NN 40119 835 17 , , , 40119 835 18 the the DT 40119 835 19 stimulus stimulus NN 40119 835 20 which which WDT 40119 835 21 the the DT 40119 835 22 retina retina NNP 40119 835 23 at at IN 40119 835 24 first first NNP 40119 835 25 receives receive NNS 40119 835 26 , , , 40119 835 27 and and CC 40119 835 28 which which WDT 40119 835 29 causes cause VBZ 40119 835 30 the the DT 40119 835 31 sensation sensation NN 40119 835 32 of of IN 40119 835 33 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 835 34 , , , 40119 835 35 is be VBZ 40119 835 36 followed follow VBN 40119 835 37 by by IN 40119 835 38 a a DT 40119 835 39 brief brief JJ 40119 835 40 period period NN 40119 835 41 of of IN 40119 835 42 insensibility insensibility NN 40119 835 43 , , , 40119 835 44 resulting result VBG 40119 835 45 in in IN 40119 835 46 the the DT 40119 835 47 sensation sensation NN 40119 835 48 of of IN 40119 835 49 momentary momentary JJ 40119 835 50 darkness darkness NN 40119 835 51 . . . 40119 836 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 836 2 appears appear VBZ 40119 836 3 that that IN 40119 836 4 the the DT 40119 836 5 dark dark JJ 40119 836 6 period period NN 40119 836 7 begins begin VBZ 40119 836 8 about about RB 40119 836 9 one one CD 40119 836 10 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 836 11 of of IN 40119 836 12 a a DT 40119 836 13 second second JJ 40119 836 14 after after IN 40119 836 15 the the DT 40119 836 16 light light NN 40119 836 17 has have VBZ 40119 836 18 first first RB 40119 836 19 been be VBN 40119 836 20 admitted admit VBN 40119 836 21 to to IN 40119 836 22 the the DT 40119 836 23 eye eye NN 40119 836 24 , , , 40119 836 25 and and CC 40119 836 26 lasts last VBZ 40119 836 27 for for IN 40119 836 28 about about RB 40119 836 29 an an DT 40119 836 30 equal equal JJ 40119 836 31 time time NN 40119 836 32 . . . 40119 837 1 The the DT 40119 837 2 whole whole JJ 40119 837 3 alternation alternation NN 40119 837 4 from from IN 40119 837 5 light light NN 40119 837 6 to to IN 40119 837 7 darkness darkness NN 40119 837 8 and and CC 40119 837 9 back back RB 40119 837 10 again again RB 40119 837 11 to to IN 40119 837 12 light light NN 40119 837 13 is be VBZ 40119 837 14 performed perform VBN 40119 837 15 so so RB 40119 837 16 rapidly rapidly RB 40119 837 17 , , , 40119 837 18 that that IN 40119 837 19 except except IN 40119 837 20 under under IN 40119 837 21 certain certain JJ 40119 837 22 conditions condition NNS 40119 837 23 , , , 40119 837 24 which which WDT 40119 837 25 , , , 40119 837 26 however however RB 40119 837 27 , , , 40119 837 28 occur occur VBP 40119 837 29 frequently frequently RB 40119 837 30 enough enough RB 40119 837 31 , , , 40119 837 32 it -PRON- PRP 40119 837 33 can can MD 40119 837 34 not not RB 40119 837 35 be be VB 40119 837 36 detected detect VBN 40119 837 37 . . . 40119 838 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 838 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 838 3 : : : 40119 838 4 _ _ NNP 40119 838 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 838 6 . . . 40119 839 1 39.--Charpentier 39.--Charpentier NNP 40119 839 2 's 's POS 40119 839 3 Dark Dark NNP 40119 839 4 Band Band NNP 40119 839 5 . . . 40119 839 6 _ _ NNP 40119 839 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 839 8 The the DT 40119 839 9 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 839 10 which which WDT 40119 839 11 Charpentier Charpentier NNP 40119 839 12 employed employ VBN 40119 839 13 for for IN 40119 839 14 demonstrating demonstrate VBG 40119 839 15 and and CC 40119 839 16 measuring measure VBG 40119 839 17 the the DT 40119 839 18 duration duration NN 40119 839 19 of of IN 40119 839 20 this this DT 40119 839 21 effect effect NN 40119 839 22 is be VBZ 40119 839 23 very very RB 40119 839 24 simple simple JJ 40119 839 25 . . . 40119 840 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 840 2 consists consist VBZ 40119 840 3 of of IN 40119 840 4 a a DT 40119 840 5 blackened blacken VBN 40119 840 6 disk disk NN 40119 840 7 with with IN 40119 840 8 a a DT 40119 840 9 white white JJ 40119 840 10 sector sector NN 40119 840 11 , , , 40119 840 12 mounted mount 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light light NN 40119 844 24 reflected reflect VBN 40119 844 25 by by IN 40119 844 26 the the DT 40119 844 27 leading lead VBG 40119 844 28 edge edge NN 40119 844 29 of of IN 40119 844 30 the the DT 40119 844 31 white white JJ 40119 844 32 sector sector NN 40119 844 33 impinged impinge VBD 40119 844 34 one one CD 40119 844 35 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 844 36 of of IN 40119 844 37 a a DT 40119 844 38 second second JJ 40119 844 39 previously previously RB 40119 844 40 . . . 40119 845 1 But but CC 40119 845 2 no no DT 40119 845 3 special special JJ 40119 845 4 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 845 5 is be VBZ 40119 845 6 required require VBN 40119 845 7 to to TO 40119 845 8 show show VB 40119 845 9 the the DT 40119 845 10 dark dark JJ 40119 845 11 reaction reaction NN 40119 845 12 . . . 40119 846 1 In in IN 40119 846 2 Fig Fig NNP 40119 846 3 . . . 40119 847 1 40 40 CD 40119 847 2 an an DT 40119 847 3 attempt attempt NN 40119 847 4 has have VBZ 40119 847 5 been be VBN 40119 847 6 made make VBN 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from from IN 40119 848 13 it -PRON- PRP 40119 848 14 by by IN 40119 848 15 a a DT 40119 848 16 bright bright JJ 40119 848 17 interval interval NN 40119 848 18 . . . 40119 849 1 The the DT 40119 849 2 same same JJ 40119 849 3 kind kind NN 40119 849 4 of of IN 40119 849 5 thing thing NN 40119 849 6 happens happen VBZ 40119 849 7 , , , 40119 849 8 in in IN 40119 849 9 a a DT 40119 849 10 more more RBR 40119 849 11 or or CC 40119 849 12 less less RBR 40119 849 13 marked mark VBN 40119 849 14 degree degree NN 40119 849 15 , , , 40119 849 16 whenever whenever WRB 40119 849 17 a a DT 40119 849 18 dark dark JJ 40119 849 19 object object NN 40119 849 20 moves move VBZ 40119 849 21 across across IN 40119 849 22 a a DT 40119 849 23 bright bright JJ 40119 849 24 background background NN 40119 849 25 , , , 40119 849 26 or or CC 40119 849 27 a a DT 40119 849 28 bright bright JJ 40119 849 29 object object NN 40119 849 30 across across IN 40119 849 31 a a DT 40119 849 32 dark dark JJ 40119 849 33 background background NN 40119 849 34 . . . 40119 850 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 850 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 850 3 : : : 40119 850 4 _ _ NNP 40119 850 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 850 6 . . . 40119 851 1 40.--Charpentier 40.--charpentier LS 40119 851 2 's 's POS 40119 851 3 Effect effect NN 40119 851 4 shown show VBN 40119 851 5 with with IN 40119 851 6 the the DT 40119 851 7 Hand Hand NNP 40119 851 8 . . . 40119 851 9 _ _ NNP 40119 851 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 851 11 In in IN 40119 851 12 order order NN 40119 851 13 to to TO 40119 851 14 see see VB 40119 851 15 the the DT 40119 851 16 effect effect NN 40119 851 17 distinctly distinctly RB 40119 851 18 by by IN 40119 851 19 Charpentier Charpentier NNP 40119 851 20 's 's POS 40119 851 21 original original JJ 40119 851 22 method method NN 40119 851 23 , , , 40119 851 24 the the DT 40119 851 25 illumination illumination NN 40119 851 26 must must MD 40119 851 27 be be VB 40119 851 28 strong strong JJ 40119 851 29 . . . 40119 852 1 If if IN 40119 852 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disk NN 40119 853 12 , , , 40119 853 13 having have VBG 40119 853 14 an an DT 40119 853 15 open open JJ 40119 853 16 sector sector NN 40119 853 17 of of IN 40119 853 18 about about RB 40119 853 19 60 60 CD 40119 853 20 ° ° NNS 40119 853 21 , , , 40119 853 22 in in IN 40119 853 23 front front NN 40119 853 24 of of IN 40119 853 25 a a DT 40119 853 26 sheet sheet NN 40119 853 27 of of IN 40119 853 28 ground ground NN 40119 853 29 or or CC 40119 853 30 opal opal NN 40119 853 31 glass glass NN 40119 853 32 behind behind IN 40119 853 33 which which WDT 40119 853 34 is be VBZ 40119 853 35 a a DT 40119 853 36 lamp lamp NN 40119 853 37 . . . 40119 854 1 By by IN 40119 854 2 an an DT 40119 854 3 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 854 4 of of IN 40119 854 5 this this DT 40119 854 6 kind kind NN 40119 854 7 upon upon IN 40119 854 8 a a DT 40119 854 9 larger large JJR 40119 854 10 scale scale NN 40119 854 11 , , , 40119 854 12 the the DT 40119 854 13 effect effect NN 40119 854 14 may may MD 40119 854 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though though IN 40119 856 46 he -PRON- PRP 40119 856 47 remarks remark VBZ 40119 856 48 that that IN 40119 856 49 the the DT 40119 856 50 observation observation NN 40119 856 51 is be VBZ 40119 856 52 a a DT 40119 856 53 very very RB 40119 856 54 difficult difficult JJ 40119 856 55 one one CD 40119 856 56 . . . 40119 857 1 What what WP 40119 857 2 is be VBZ 40119 857 3 probably probably RB 40119 857 4 the the DT 40119 857 5 same same JJ 40119 857 6 effect effect NN 40119 857 7 can can MD 40119 857 8 , , , 40119 857 9 however however RB 40119 857 10 , , , 40119 857 11 as as IN 40119 857 12 pointed point VBN 40119 857 13 out out RP 40119 857 14 in in IN 40119 857 15 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 857 16 paper paper NN 40119 857 17 of of IN 40119 857 18 1894 1894 CD 40119 857 19 , , , 40119 857 20 be be VB 40119 857 21 shown show VBN 40119 857 22 quite quite RB 40119 857 23 easily easily RB 40119 857 24 in in IN 40119 857 25 a a DT 40119 857 26 different different JJ 40119 857 27 manner manner NN 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VBG 40119 858 78 edge edge NN 40119 858 79 . . . 40119 859 1 And and CC 40119 859 2 if if IN 40119 859 3 the the DT 40119 859 4 eyes eye NNS 40119 859 5 are be VBP 40119 859 6 steadily steadily RB 40119 859 7 fixed fix VBN 40119 859 8 upon upon IN 40119 859 9 the the DT 40119 859 10 centre centre NN 40119 859 11 of of IN 40119 859 12 the the DT 40119 859 13 disk disk NN 40119 859 14 , , , 40119 859 15 it -PRON- PRP 40119 859 16 will will MD 40119 859 17 be be VB 40119 859 18 noticed notice VBN 40119 859 19 that that IN 40119 859 20 this this DT 40119 859 21 bright bright JJ 40119 859 22 image image NN 40119 859 23 is be VBZ 40119 859 24 streaked streak VBN 40119 859 25 with with IN 40119 859 26 a a DT 40119 859 27 number number NN 40119 859 28 of of IN 40119 859 29 dark dark JJ 40119 859 30 radial radial JJ 40119 859 31 bands band NNS 40119 859 32 , , , 40119 859 33 suggestive suggestive JJ 40119 859 34 of of IN 40119 859 35 the the DT 40119 859 36 ribs rib NNS 40119 859 37 or or CC 40119 859 38 sticks stick NNS 40119 859 39 of of IN 40119 859 40 a a DT 40119 859 41 fan fan NN 40119 859 42 . . . 40119 860 1 Near near IN 40119 860 2 the the DT 40119 860 3 circumference circumference NN 40119 860 4 as as RB 40119 860 5 many many JJ 40119 860 6 as as IN 40119 860 7 four four CD 40119 860 8 or or CC 40119 860 9 five five CD 40119 860 10 such such JJ 40119 860 11 dark dark JJ 40119 860 12 streaks streak NNS 40119 860 13 can can MD 40119 860 14 be be VB 40119 860 15 distinguished distinguish VBN 40119 860 16 without without IN 40119 860 17 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 860 18 ; ; : 40119 860 19 towards towards IN 40119 860 20 the the DT 40119 860 21 centre centre NN 40119 860 22 they -PRON- PRP 40119 860 23 are be VBP 40119 860 24 less less RBR 40119 860 25 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 40119 860 26 , , , 40119 860 27 owing owe VBG 40119 860 28 to to IN 40119 860 29 the the DT 40119 860 30 overlapping overlapping NN 40119 860 31 of of IN 40119 860 32 the the DT 40119 860 33 successive successive JJ 40119 860 34 images image NNS 40119 860 35 of of IN 40119 860 36 the the DT 40119 860 37 slit slit NN 40119 860 38 . . . 40119 861 1 The the DT 40119 861 2 effect effect NN 40119 861 3 is be VBZ 40119 861 4 roughly roughly RB 40119 861 5 indicated indicate VBN 40119 861 6 in in IN 40119 861 7 Fig Fig NNP 40119 861 8 . . . 40119 862 1 41 41 CD 40119 862 2 . . . 40119 863 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 863 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 863 3 : : : 40119 863 4 _ _ NNP 40119 863 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 863 6 . . . 40119 864 1 41.--Multiple 41.--multiple CD 40119 864 2 Dark Dark NNP 40119 864 3 Bands Bands NNPS 40119 864 4 . . . 40119 864 5 _ _ NNP 40119 864 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 864 7 The the DT 40119 864 8 dark dark JJ 40119 864 9 reaction reaction NN 40119 864 10 known know VBN 40119 864 11 as as IN 40119 864 12 the the DT 40119 864 13 Charpentier Charpentier NNP 40119 864 14 effect effect NN 40119 864 15 occurs occur VBZ 40119 864 16 at at IN 40119 864 17 the the DT 40119 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40119 866 14 light light NN 40119 866 15 of of IN 40119 866 16 the the DT 40119 866 17 retina retina NNP 40119 866 18 , , , 40119 866 19 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 866 20 darkness darkness NN 40119 866 21 does do VBZ 40119 866 22 not not RB 40119 866 23 appear appear VB 40119 866 24 absolutely absolutely RB 40119 866 25 black black JJ 40119 866 26 : : : 40119 866 27 even even RB 40119 866 28 in in IN 40119 866 29 a a DT 40119 866 30 dark dark JJ 40119 866 31 room room NN 40119 866 32 on on IN 40119 866 33 a a DT 40119 866 34 dark dark JJ 40119 866 35 night night NN 40119 866 36 with with IN 40119 866 37 the the DT 40119 866 38 eyes eye NNS 40119 866 39 carefully carefully RB 40119 866 40 covered cover VBN 40119 866 41 , , , 40119 866 42 there there EX 40119 866 43 is be VBZ 40119 866 44 always always RB 40119 866 45 some some DT 40119 866 46 sensation sensation NN 40119 866 47 of of IN 40119 866 48 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 866 49 which which WDT 40119 866 50 would would MD 40119 866 51 be be VB 40119 866 52 sufficient sufficient JJ 40119 866 53 to to TO 40119 866 54 show show VB 40119 866 55 up up RP 40119 866 56 a a DT 40119 866 57 really really RB 40119 866 58 black black JJ 40119 866 59 image image NN 40119 866 60 if if IN 40119 866 61 one one PRP 40119 866 62 could could MD 40119 866 63 be be VB 40119 866 64 produced produce VBN 40119 866 65 . . . 40119 867 1 Now now RB 40119 867 2 the the DT 40119 867 3 darkness darkness NN 40119 867 4 which which WDT 40119 867 5 is be VBZ 40119 867 6 experienced experience VBN 40119 867 7 after after IN 40119 867 8 the the DT 40119 867 9 extinction extinction NN 40119 867 10 of of IN 40119 867 11 a a DT 40119 867 12 light light NN 40119 867 13 is be VBZ 40119 867 14 for for IN 40119 867 15 a a DT 40119 867 16 small small JJ 40119 867 17 fraction fraction NN 40119 867 18 of of IN 40119 867 19 a a DT 40119 867 20 second second JJ 40119 867 21 more more RBR 40119 867 22 intense intense JJ 40119 867 23 than than IN 40119 867 24 common common JJ 40119 867 25 darkness darkness NN 40119 867 26 . . . 40119 868 1 The the DT 40119 868 2 first first JJ 40119 868 3 mention mention NN 40119 868 4 of of IN 40119 868 5 this this DT 40119 868 6 dark dark JJ 40119 868 7 reaction reaction NN 40119 868 8 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 868 9 occurs occur VBZ 40119 868 10 in in IN 40119 868 11 an an DT 40119 868 12 article article NN 40119 868 13 contributed contribute VBD 40119 868 14 to to IN 40119 868 15 _ _ NNP 40119 868 16 Nature Nature NNP 40119 868 17 _ _ NNP 40119 868 18 in in IN 40119 868 19 1885 1885 CD 40119 868 20 , , , 40119 868 21 in in IN 40119 868 22 which which WDT 40119 868 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 868 24 was be VBD 40119 868 25 stated state VBN 40119 868 26 that that IN 40119 868 27 when when WRB 40119 868 28 the the DT 40119 868 29 current current NN 40119 868 30 was be VBD 40119 868 31 cut cut VBN 40119 868 32 off off RP 40119 868 33 from from IN 40119 868 34 an an DT 40119 868 35 illuminated illuminated JJ 40119 868 36 vacuum vacuum NN 40119 868 37 tube tube NN 40119 868 38 " " `` 40119 868 39 the the DT 40119 868 40 luminous luminous JJ 40119 868 41 image image NN 40119 868 42 was be VBD 40119 868 43 almost almost RB 40119 868 44 instantly instantly RB 40119 868 45 replaced replace VBN 40119 868 46 by by IN 40119 868 47 a a DT 40119 868 48 corresponding corresponding JJ 40119 868 49 image image NN 40119 868 50 which which WDT 40119 868 51 seemed seem VBD 40119 868 52 to to TO 40119 868 53 be be VB 40119 868 54 intensely intensely RB 40119 868 55 black black JJ 40119 868 56 upon upon IN 40119 868 57 a a DT 40119 868 58 less less RBR 40119 868 59 dark dark JJ 40119 868 60 background background NN 40119 868 61 , , , 40119 868 62 " " '' 40119 868 63 and and CC 40119 868 64 which which WDT 40119 868 65 was be VBD 40119 868 66 estimated estimate VBN 40119 868 67 to to TO 40119 868 68 last last VB 40119 868 69 from from IN 40119 868 70 a a DT 40119 868 71 - - HYPH 40119 868 72 quarter quarter NN 40119 868 73 to to IN 40119 868 74 a a DT 40119 868 75 - - HYPH 40119 868 76 half half NN 40119 868 77 second second JJ 40119 868 78 . . . 40119 869 1 " " `` 40119 869 2 Abnormal abnormal JJ 40119 869 3 darkness darkness NN 40119 869 4 , , , 40119 869 5 " " '' 40119 869 6 it -PRON- PRP 40119 869 7 was be VBD 40119 869 8 added add VBN 40119 869 9 , , , 40119 869 10 " " '' 40119 869 11 follows follow VBZ 40119 869 12 as as IN 40119 869 13 a a DT 40119 869 14 reaction reaction NN 40119 869 15 after after IN 40119 869 16 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 869 17 . . . 40119 869 18 " " '' 40119 870 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 870 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 870 3 : : : 40119 870 4 _ _ NNP 40119 870 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 870 6 . . . 40119 871 1 42.--Temporary 42.--temporary CD 40119 871 2 Insensitiveness insensitiveness NN 40119 871 3 of of IN 40119 871 4 the the DT 40119 871 5 Eye Eye NNP 40119 871 6 . . . 40119 871 7 _ _ NNP 40119 871 8 ] ] -RRB- 40119 871 9 In in IN 40119 871 10 the the DT 40119 871 11 Royal Royal NNP 40119 871 12 Society Society NNP 40119 871 13 paper paper NN 40119 871 14 before before IN 40119 871 15 referred refer VBN 40119 871 16 to to IN 40119 871 17 the the DT 40119 871 18 point point NN 40119 871 19 is be VBZ 40119 871 20 further further RB 40119 871 21 discussed discuss VBN 40119 871 22 , , , 40119 871 23 and and CC 40119 871 24 a a DT 40119 871 25 method method NN 40119 871 26 is be VBZ 40119 871 27 described describe VBN 40119 871 28 by by IN 40119 871 29 which which WDT 40119 871 30 the the DT 40119 871 31 stage stage NN 40119 871 32 of of IN 40119 871 33 reaction reaction NN 40119 871 34 may may MD 40119 871 35 be be VB 40119 871 36 easily easily RB 40119 871 37 exhibited exhibit VBN 40119 871 38 and and CC 40119 871 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 871 40 duration duration NN 40119 871 41 approximately approximately RB 40119 871 42 measured measure VBN 40119 871 43 . . . 40119 872 1 If if IN 40119 872 2 a a DT 40119 872 3 translucent translucent JJ 40119 872 4 disk disk NN 40119 872 5 , , , 40119 872 6 made make VBN 40119 872 7 of of IN 40119 872 8 stout stout RB 40119 872 9 drawing drawing NN 40119 872 10 - - HYPH 40119 872 11 paper paper NN 40119 872 12 and and CC 40119 872 13 having have VBG 40119 872 14 an an DT 40119 872 15 open open JJ 40119 872 16 sector sector NN 40119 872 17 , , , 40119 872 18 is be VBZ 40119 872 19 caused cause VBN 40119 872 20 to to TO 40119 872 21 rotate rotate VB 40119 872 22 slowly slowly RB 40119 872 23 in in IN 40119 872 24 front front NN 40119 872 25 of of IN 40119 872 26 a a DT 40119 872 27 luminous luminous JJ 40119 872 28 background background NN 40119 872 29 , , , 40119 872 30 a a DT 40119 872 31 narrow narrow JJ 40119 872 32 radial radial JJ 40119 872 33 dark dark JJ 40119 872 34 band band NN 40119 872 35 , , , 40119 872 36 like like IN 40119 872 37 a a DT 40119 872 38 streak streak NN 40119 872 39 of of IN 40119 872 40 black black JJ 40119 872 41 paint paint NN 40119 872 42 , , , 40119 872 43 appears appear VBZ 40119 872 44 upon upon IN 40119 872 45 the the DT 40119 872 46 paper paper NN 40119 872 47 very very RB 40119 872 48 near near IN 40119 872 49 the the DT 40119 872 50 edge edge NN 40119 872 51 which which WDT 40119 872 52 follows follow VBZ 40119 872 53 the the DT 40119 872 54 open open JJ 40119 872 55 sector sector NN 40119 872 56 . . . 40119 873 1 From from IN 40119 873 2 the the DT 40119 873 3 space space NN 40119 873 4 covered cover VBN 40119 873 5 by by IN 40119 873 6 this this DT 40119 873 7 band band NN 40119 873 8 when when WRB 40119 873 9 the the DT 40119 873 10 disk disk NN 40119 873 11 was be VBD 40119 873 12 rotating rotate VBG 40119 873 13 at at IN 40119 873 14 a a DT 40119 873 15 known know VBN 40119 873 16 speed speed NN 40119 873 17 , , , 40119 873 18 the the DT 40119 873 19 duration duration NN 40119 873 20 of of IN 40119 873 21 the the DT 40119 873 22 dark dark JJ 40119 873 23 reaction reaction NN 40119 873 24 was be VBD 40119 873 25 calculated calculate VBN 40119 873 26 to to TO 40119 873 27 be be VB 40119 873 28 about about RB 40119 873 29 one one CD 40119 873 30 - - HYPH 40119 873 31 fiftieth fiftieth NN 40119 873 32 of of IN 40119 873 33 a a DT 40119 873 34 second second JJ 40119 873 35 ; ; : 40119 873 36 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 873 37 original original JJ 40119 873 38 estimate estimate NN 40119 873 39 was be VBD 40119 873 40 therefore therefore RB 40119 873 41 an an DT 40119 873 42 excessive excessive JJ 40119 873 43 one one NN 40119 873 44 . . . 40119 874 1 The the DT 40119 874 2 experiment experiment NN 40119 874 3 is be VBZ 40119 874 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 40119 874 5 in in IN 40119 874 6 Fig Fig NNP 40119 874 7 . . . 40119 875 1 42 42 CD 40119 875 2 . . . 40119 876 1 One one CD 40119 876 2 more more RBR 40119 876 3 interesting interesting JJ 40119 876 4 point point NN 40119 876 5 should should MD 40119 876 6 be be VB 40119 876 7 noticed notice VBN 40119 876 8 in in IN 40119 876 9 the the DT 40119 876 10 train train NN 40119 876 11 of of IN 40119 876 12 visual visual JJ 40119 876 13 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 876 14 which which WDT 40119 876 15 attend attend VBP 40119 876 16 a a DT 40119 876 17 period period NN 40119 876 18 of of IN 40119 876 19 illumination illumination NN 40119 876 20 . . . 40119 877 1 The the DT 40119 877 2 sensation sensation NN 40119 877 3 of of IN 40119 877 4 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 877 5 which which WDT 40119 877 6 is be VBZ 40119 877 7 excited excite VBN 40119 877 8 when when WRB 40119 877 9 light light JJ 40119 877 10 first first JJ 40119 877 11 strikes strike VBZ 40119 877 12 the the DT 40119 877 13 eye eye NN 40119 877 14 is be VBZ 40119 877 15 for for IN 40119 877 16 about about RB 40119 877 17 a a DT 40119 877 18 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 877 19 of of IN 40119 877 20 a a DT 40119 877 21 second second JJ 40119 877 22 much much RB 40119 877 23 more more RBR 40119 877 24 intense intense JJ 40119 877 25 than than IN 40119 877 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 877 27 subsequently subsequently RB 40119 877 28 becomes become VBZ 40119 877 29 . . . 40119 878 1 This this DT 40119 878 2 is be VBZ 40119 878 3 shown show VBN 40119 878 4 by by IN 40119 878 5 the the DT 40119 878 6 fact fact NN 40119 878 7 , , , 40119 878 8 which which WDT 40119 878 9 is be VBZ 40119 878 10 obvious obvious JJ 40119 878 11 enough enough RB 40119 878 12 when when WRB 40119 878 13 once once RB 40119 878 14 attention attention NN 40119 878 15 has have VBZ 40119 878 16 been be VBN 40119 878 17 directed direct VBN 40119 878 18 to to IN 40119 878 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 878 20 , , , 40119 878 21 that that IN 40119 878 22 the the DT 40119 878 23 bright bright JJ 40119 878 24 band band NN 40119 878 25 , , , 40119 878 26 which which WDT 40119 878 27 in in IN 40119 878 28 the the DT 40119 878 29 Charpentier Charpentier NNP 40119 878 30 disk disk NN 40119 878 31 intervenes intervene NNS 40119 878 32 between between IN 40119 878 33 the the DT 40119 878 34 dark dark JJ 40119 878 35 band band NN 40119 878 36 and and CC 40119 878 37 the the DT 40119 878 38 leading lead VBG 40119 878 39 edge edge NN 40119 878 40 of of IN 40119 878 41 the the DT 40119 878 42 white white JJ 40119 878 43 sector sector NN 40119 878 44 , , , 40119 878 45 appears appear VBZ 40119 878 46 to to TO 40119 878 47 be be VB 40119 878 48 much much RB 40119 878 49 more more RBR 40119 878 50 strongly strongly RB 40119 878 51 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 878 52 than than IN 40119 878 53 any any DT 40119 878 54 other other JJ 40119 878 55 portion portion NN 40119 878 56 of of IN 40119 878 57 the the DT 40119 878 58 sector sector NN 40119 878 59 . . . 40119 879 1 The the DT 40119 879 2 complete complete JJ 40119 879 3 order order NN 40119 879 4 of of IN 40119 879 5 visual visual JJ 40119 879 6 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 879 7 observed observe VBN 40119 879 8 when when WRB 40119 879 9 the the DT 40119 879 10 retina retina NNP 40119 879 11 is be VBZ 40119 879 12 exposed expose VBN 40119 879 13 to to IN 40119 879 14 the the DT 40119 879 15 action action NN 40119 879 16 of of IN 40119 879 17 light light NN 40119 879 18 for for IN 40119 879 19 a a DT 40119 879 20 limited limited JJ 40119 879 21 time time NN 40119 879 22 may may MD 40119 879 23 therefore therefore RB 40119 879 24 be be VB 40119 879 25 summed sum VBN 40119 879 26 up up RP 40119 879 27 as as IN 40119 879 28 follows:-- follows:-- ADD 40119 879 29 ( ( -LRB- 40119 879 30 1 1 LS 40119 879 31 ) ) -RRB- 40119 879 32 Immediately immediately RB 40119 879 33 upon upon IN 40119 879 34 the the DT 40119 879 35 impact impact NN 40119 879 36 of of IN 40119 879 37 the the DT 40119 879 38 light light NN 40119 879 39 there there EX 40119 879 40 is be VBZ 40119 879 41 experienced experience VBN 40119 879 42 a a DT 40119 879 43 sensation sensation NN 40119 879 44 of of IN 40119 879 45 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 879 46 , , , 40119 879 47 the the DT 40119 879 48 intensity intensity NN 40119 879 49 of of IN 40119 879 50 which which WDT 40119 879 51 increases increase VBZ 40119 879 52 for for IN 40119 879 53 about about RB 40119 879 54 one one CD 40119 879 55 - - HYPH 40119 879 56 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 879 57 of of IN 40119 879 58 a a DT 40119 879 59 second second NN 40119 879 60 : : : 40119 879 61 more more RBR 40119 879 62 rapidly rapidly RB 40119 879 63 towards towards IN 40119 879 64 the the DT 40119 879 65 end end NN 40119 879 66 of of IN 40119 879 67 that that DT 40119 879 68 period period NN 40119 879 69 than than IN 40119 879 70 at at IN 40119 879 71 first first RB 40119 879 72 . . . 40119 880 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 880 2 2 2 LS 40119 880 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 880 4 Then then RB 40119 880 5 ensues ensue VBZ 40119 880 6 a a DT 40119 880 7 sudden sudden JJ 40119 880 8 re re NN 40119 880 9 - - NN 40119 880 10 action action NN 40119 880 11 , , , 40119 880 12 lasting last VBG 40119 880 13 also also RB 40119 880 14 for for IN 40119 880 15 about about RB 40119 880 16 one one CD 40119 880 17 - - HYPH 40119 880 18 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 880 19 of of IN 40119 880 20 a a DT 40119 880 21 second second JJ 40119 880 22 , , , 40119 880 23 in in IN 40119 880 24 virtue virtue NN 40119 880 25 of of IN 40119 880 26 which which WDT 40119 880 27 the the DT 40119 880 28 retina retina NNP 40119 880 29 becomes become VBZ 40119 880 30 partially partially RB 40119 880 31 insensible insensible JJ 40119 880 32 to to IN 40119 880 33 renewed renew VBN 40119 880 34 or or CC 40119 880 35 continued continue VBN 40119 880 36 luminous luminous JJ 40119 880 37 impressions impression NNS 40119 880 38 . . . 40119 881 1 These these DT 40119 881 2 two two CD 40119 881 3 effects effect NNS 40119 881 4 may may MD 40119 881 5 be be VB 40119 881 6 repeated repeat VBN 40119 881 7 in in IN 40119 881 8 a a DT 40119 881 9 diminished diminished JJ 40119 881 10 degree degree NN 40119 881 11 , , , 40119 881 12 as as RB 40119 881 13 often often RB 40119 881 14 as as IN 40119 881 15 three three CD 40119 881 16 or or CC 40119 881 17 four four CD 40119 881 18 times time NNS 40119 881 19 . . . 40119 882 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 882 2 3 3 LS 40119 882 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 882 4 The the DT 40119 882 5 stage stage NN 40119 882 6 of of IN 40119 882 7 fluctuation fluctuation NN 40119 882 8 is be VBZ 40119 882 9 succeeded succeed VBN 40119 882 10 by by IN 40119 882 11 a a DT 40119 882 12 sensation sensation NN 40119 882 13 of of IN 40119 882 14 steady steady JJ 40119 882 15 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 882 16 , , , 40119 882 17 the the DT 40119 882 18 intensity intensity NN 40119 882 19 of of IN 40119 882 20 which which WDT 40119 882 21 is be VBZ 40119 882 22 , , , 40119 882 23 however however RB 40119 882 24 , , , 40119 882 25 considerably considerably RB 40119 882 26 below below IN 40119 882 27 the the DT 40119 882 28 mean mean NN 40119 882 29 of of IN 40119 882 30 that that DT 40119 882 31 experienced experience VBN 40119 882 32 during during IN 40119 882 33 the the DT 40119 882 34 first first JJ 40119 882 35 one one CD 40119 882 36 - - HYPH 40119 882 37 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 882 38 of of IN 40119 882 39 a a DT 40119 882 40 second second NN 40119 882 41 . . . 40119 883 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 883 2 4 4 LS 40119 883 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 883 4 After after IN 40119 883 5 the the DT 40119 883 6 external external JJ 40119 883 7 light light NN 40119 883 8 has have VBZ 40119 883 9 been be VBN 40119 883 10 shut shut VBN 40119 883 11 off off RP 40119 883 12 , , , 40119 883 13 a a DT 40119 883 14 sensation sensation NN 40119 883 15 of of IN 40119 883 16 diminishing diminish VBG 40119 883 17 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 883 18 continues continue VBZ 40119 883 19 for for IN 40119 883 20 a a DT 40119 883 21 short short JJ 40119 883 22 time time NN 40119 883 23 , , , 40119 883 24 and and CC 40119 883 25 is be VBZ 40119 883 26 succeeded succeed VBN 40119 883 27 by by IN 40119 883 28 a a DT 40119 883 29 brief brief JJ 40119 883 30 interval interval NN 40119 883 31 of of IN 40119 883 32 darkness darkness NN 40119 883 33 . . . 40119 884 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 884 2 5 5 LS 40119 884 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 884 4 Then then RB 40119 884 5 follows follow VBZ 40119 884 6 a a DT 40119 884 7 sudden sudden JJ 40119 884 8 and and CC 40119 884 9 clearly clearly RB 40119 884 10 - - HYPH 40119 884 11 defined define VBN 40119 884 12 sensation sensation NN 40119 884 13 of of IN 40119 884 14 what what WP 40119 884 15 may may MD 40119 884 16 be be VB 40119 884 17 called call VBN 40119 884 18 abnormal abnormal JJ 40119 884 19 darkness darkness NN 40119 884 20 -- -- : 40119 884 21 darker dark JJR 40119 884 22 than than IN 40119 884 23 common common JJ 40119 884 24 darkness darkness NN 40119 884 25 -- -- : 40119 884 26 which which WDT 40119 884 27 lasts last VBZ 40119 884 28 for for IN 40119 884 29 about about RB 40119 884 30 one one CD 40119 884 31 - - HYPH 40119 884 32 sixtieth sixtieth NN 40119 884 33 of of IN 40119 884 34 a a DT 40119 884 35 second second JJ 40119 884 36 , , , 40119 884 37 and and CC 40119 884 38 is be VBZ 40119 884 39 followed follow VBN 40119 884 40 by by IN 40119 884 41 another another DT 40119 884 42 interval interval NN 40119 884 43 of of IN 40119 884 44 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 884 45 darkness darkness NN 40119 884 46 . . . 40119 885 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 885 2 6 6 CD 40119 885 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 885 4 Finally finally RB 40119 885 5 , , , 40119 885 6 in in IN 40119 885 7 about about RB 40119 885 8 a a DT 40119 885 9 fifth fifth NN 40119 885 10 of of IN 40119 885 11 a a DT 40119 885 12 second second JJ 40119 885 13 after after IN 40119 885 14 the the DT 40119 885 15 extinction extinction NN 40119 885 16 of of IN 40119 885 17 the the DT 40119 885 18 external external JJ 40119 885 19 light light NN 40119 885 20 , , , 40119 885 21 there there EX 40119 885 22 occurs occur VBZ 40119 885 23 another another DT 40119 885 24 transient transient JJ 40119 885 25 impression impression NN 40119 885 26 of of IN 40119 885 27 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 885 28 , , , 40119 885 29 generally generally RB 40119 885 30 violet violet NN 40119 885 31 coloured colour VBD 40119 885 32 , , , 40119 885 33 after after IN 40119 885 34 which which WDT 40119 885 35 the the DT 40119 885 36 uniformity uniformity NN 40119 885 37 of of IN 40119 885 38 the the DT 40119 885 39 darkness darkness NN 40119 885 40 remains remain VBZ 40119 885 41 undisturbed undisturbed JJ 40119 885 42 . . . 40119 886 1 Fig fig NN 40119 886 2 . . . 40119 887 1 43 43 CD 40119 887 2 , , , 40119 887 3 which which WDT 40119 887 4 is be VBZ 40119 887 5 copied copy VBN 40119 887 6 from from IN 40119 887 7 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 887 8 paper paper NN 40119 887 9 , , , 40119 887 10 gives give VBZ 40119 887 11 a a DT 40119 887 12 rough rough JJ 40119 887 13 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 40119 887 14 representation representation NN 40119 887 15 of of IN 40119 887 16 the the DT 40119 887 17 above above RB 40119 887 18 described describe VBN 40119 887 19 chain chain NN 40119 887 20 of of IN 40119 887 21 sensations sensation NNS 40119 887 22 . . . 40119 888 1 No no DT 40119 888 2 account account NN 40119 888 3 is be VBZ 40119 888 4 here here RB 40119 888 5 taken take VBN 40119 888 6 of of IN 40119 888 7 the the DT 40119 888 8 comparatively comparatively RB 40119 888 9 feeble feeble JJ 40119 888 10 after after NN 40119 888 11 - - HYPH 40119 888 12 images image NNS 40119 888 13 which which WDT 40119 888 14 succeed succeed VBP 40119 888 15 the the DT 40119 888 16 recurrent recurrent JJ 40119 888 17 image image NN 40119 888 18 , , , 40119 888 19 and and CC 40119 888 20 may may MD 40119 888 21 last last VB 40119 888 22 for for IN 40119 888 23 several several JJ 40119 888 24 seconds second NNS 40119 888 25 . . . 40119 889 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 889 2 propose propose VBP 40119 889 3 now now RB 40119 889 4 to to TO 40119 889 5 say say VB 40119 889 6 a a DT 40119 889 7 few few JJ 40119 889 8 words word NNS 40119 889 9 about about IN 40119 889 10 a a DT 40119 889 11 curious curious JJ 40119 889 12 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 889 13 of of IN 40119 889 14 vision vision NN 40119 889 15 which which WDT 40119 889 16 a a DT 40119 889 17 short short JJ 40119 889 18 time time NN 40119 889 19 ago ago RB 40119 889 20 excited excited JJ 40119 889 21 considerable considerable JJ 40119 889 22 interest interest NN 40119 889 23 . . . 40119 890 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 890 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 890 3 : : : 40119 890 4 _ _ NNP 40119 890 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 890 6 . . . 40119 891 1 43.--Visual 43.--visual CD 40119 891 2 Sensations sensation NNS 40119 891 3 attending attend VBG 40119 891 4 a a DT 40119 891 5 period period NN 40119 891 6 of of IN 40119 891 7 Illumination illumination NN 40119 891 8 . . . 40119 891 9 _ _ NNP 40119 891 10 ] ] -RRB- 40119 891 11 [ [ -LRB- 40119 891 12 Illustration illustration NN 40119 891 13 : : : 40119 891 14 _ _ NNP 40119 891 15 Fig Fig NNP 40119 891 16 . . . 40119 892 1 44.--Benham 44.--Benham NNP 40119 892 2 's 's POS 40119 892 3 Top Top NNP 40119 892 4 . . . 40119 892 5 _ _ NNP 40119 892 6 ] ] -RRB- 40119 892 7 In in IN 40119 892 8 the the DT 40119 892 9 year year NN 40119 892 10 1895 1895 CD 40119 892 11 Mr. Mr. NNP 40119 892 12 C. C. NNP 40119 892 13 E. E. NNP 40119 892 14 Benham Benham NNP 40119 892 15 brought bring VBD 40119 892 16 out out RP 40119 892 17 a a DT 40119 892 18 pretty pretty RB 40119 892 19 little little JJ 40119 892 20 toy toy NN 40119 892 21 which which WDT 40119 892 22 he -PRON- PRP 40119 892 23 called call VBD 40119 892 24 the the DT 40119 892 25 Artificial Artificial NNP 40119 892 26 Spectrum Spectrum NNP 40119 892 27 Top Top NNP 40119 892 28 . . . 40119 893 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 893 2 consists consist VBZ 40119 893 3 of of IN 40119 893 4 a a DT 40119 893 5 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 893 6 disk disk NN 40119 893 7 , , , 40119 893 8 one one CD 40119 893 9 half half NN 40119 893 10 of of IN 40119 893 11 which which WDT 40119 893 12 is be VBZ 40119 893 13 painted paint VBN 40119 893 14 black black JJ 40119 893 15 , , , 40119 893 16 while while IN 40119 893 17 on on IN 40119 893 18 the the DT 40119 893 19 other other JJ 40119 893 20 half half NN 40119 893 21 are be VBP 40119 893 22 drawn draw VBN 40119 893 23 four four CD 40119 893 24 successive successive JJ 40119 893 25 groups group NNS 40119 893 26 of of IN 40119 893 27 curved curved JJ 40119 893 28 black black JJ 40119 893 29 lines line NNS 40119 893 30 at at IN 40119 893 31 different different JJ 40119 893 32 distances distance NNS 40119 893 33 from from IN 40119 893 34 the the DT 40119 893 35 centre centre NN 40119 893 36 , , , 40119 893 37 as as IN 40119 893 38 shown show VBN 40119 893 39 in in IN 40119 893 40 Fig Fig NNP 40119 893 41 . . . 40119 894 1 44 44 CD 40119 894 2 . . . 40119 895 1 When when WRB 40119 895 2 the the DT 40119 895 3 disk disk NN 40119 895 4 rotates rotate VBZ 40119 895 5 rather rather RB 40119 895 6 slowly slowly RB 40119 895 7 , , , 40119 895 8 each each DT 40119 895 9 group group NN 40119 895 10 of of IN 40119 895 11 black black JJ 40119 895 12 lines line NNS 40119 895 13 generally generally RB 40119 895 14 appears appear VBZ 40119 895 15 to to TO 40119 895 16 assume assume VB 40119 895 17 a a DT 40119 895 18 different different JJ 40119 895 19 colour colour NN 40119 895 20 , , , 40119 895 21 the the DT 40119 895 22 nature nature NN 40119 895 23 of of IN 40119 895 24 which which WDT 40119 895 25 depends depend VBZ 40119 895 26 upon upon IN 40119 895 27 the the DT 40119 895 28 speed speed NN 40119 895 29 of of IN 40119 895 30 the the DT 40119 895 31 rotation rotation NN 40119 895 32 and and CC 40119 895 33 the the DT 40119 895 34 intensity intensity NN 40119 895 35 and and CC 40119 895 36 quality quality NN 40119 895 37 of of IN 40119 895 38 the the DT 40119 895 39 light light NN 40119 895 40 . . . 40119 896 1 Under under IN 40119 896 2 the the DT 40119 896 3 best good JJS 40119 896 4 conditions condition NNS 40119 896 5 the the DT 40119 896 6 inner inner JJ 40119 896 7 and and CC 40119 896 8 outer outer JJ 40119 896 9 groups group NNS 40119 896 10 of of IN 40119 896 11 lines line NNS 40119 896 12 become become VBP 40119 896 13 bright bright JJ 40119 896 14 red red JJ 40119 896 15 and and CC 40119 896 16 dark dark JJ 40119 896 17 blue blue NN 40119 896 18 ; ; : 40119 896 19 at at IN 40119 896 20 the the DT 40119 896 21 same same JJ 40119 896 22 time time NN 40119 896 23 the the DT 40119 896 24 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 896 25 groups group NNS 40119 896 26 also also RB 40119 896 27 appear appear VBP 40119 896 28 tinted tint VBN 40119 896 29 , , , 40119 896 30 but but CC 40119 896 31 the the DT 40119 896 32 hues hue NNS 40119 896 33 which which WDT 40119 896 34 they -PRON- PRP 40119 896 35 assume assume VBP 40119 896 36 are be VBP 40119 896 37 rather rather RB 40119 896 38 uncertain uncertain JJ 40119 896 39 and and CC 40119 896 40 difficult difficult JJ 40119 896 41 to to TO 40119 896 42 specify specify VB 40119 896 43 . . . 40119 897 1 By by IN 40119 897 2 far far RB 40119 897 3 the the DT 40119 897 4 most most RBS 40119 897 5 striking striking JJ 40119 897 6 of of IN 40119 897 7 the the DT 40119 897 8 colours colour NNS 40119 897 9 exhibited exhibit VBN 40119 897 10 by by IN 40119 897 11 the the DT 40119 897 12 top top NN 40119 897 13 is be VBZ 40119 897 14 the the DT 40119 897 15 red red NN 40119 897 16 , , , 40119 897 17 and and CC 40119 897 18 next next RB 40119 897 19 to to IN 40119 897 20 that that DT 40119 897 21 the the DT 40119 897 22 blue blue JJ 40119 897 23 ; ; : 40119 897 24 this this DT 40119 897 25 latter latter NN 40119 897 26 is be VBZ 40119 897 27 , , , 40119 897 28 however however RB 40119 897 29 , , , 40119 897 30 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 897 31 described describe VBN 40119 897 32 as as IN 40119 897 33 bluish bluish JJ 40119 897 34 - - HYPH 40119 897 35 green green JJ 40119 897 36 . . . 40119 898 1 Some some DT 40119 898 2 experiments experiment NNS 40119 898 3 carried carry VBD 40119 898 4 out out RP 40119 898 5 by by IN 40119 898 6 myself -PRON- PRP 40119 898 7 in in IN 40119 898 8 1896 1896 CD 40119 898 9 ( ( -LRB- 40119 898 10 Proc Proc NNP 40119 898 11 . . . 40119 899 1 Roy Roy NNP 40119 899 2 . . . 40119 900 1 Soc Soc NNP 40119 900 2 . . NNP 40119 900 3 , , , 40119 900 4 vol vol NNP 40119 900 5 . . . 40119 901 1 60 60 CD 40119 901 2 , , , 40119 901 3 p. p. NN 40119 901 4 370 370 CD 40119 901 5 ) ) -RRB- 40119 901 6 seem seem VBP 40119 901 7 to to TO 40119 901 8 indicate indicate VB 40119 901 9 pretty pretty RB 40119 901 10 clearly clearly RB 40119 901 11 the the DT 40119 901 12 cause cause NN 40119 901 13 of of IN 40119 901 14 the the DT 40119 901 15 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 901 16 bright bright JJ 40119 901 17 red red JJ 40119 901 18 colour colour NN 40119 901 19 , , , 40119 901 20 and and CC 40119 901 21 also also RB 40119 901 22 that that DT 40119 901 23 of of IN 40119 901 24 the the DT 40119 901 25 blue blue NN 40119 901 26 . . . 40119 902 1 The the DT 40119 902 2 more more RBR 40119 902 3 feeble feeble JJ 40119 902 4 tints tint NNS 40119 902 5 of of IN 40119 902 6 the the DT 40119 902 7 two two CD 40119 902 8 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 902 9 groups group NNS 40119 902 10 of of IN 40119 902 11 lines line NNS 40119 902 12 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 902 13 result result VBP 40119 902 14 from from IN 40119 902 15 similar similar JJ 40119 902 16 causes cause NNS 40119 902 17 in in IN 40119 902 18 a a DT 40119 902 19 modified modify VBN 40119 902 20 form form NN 40119 902 21 , , , 40119 902 22 but but CC 40119 902 23 these these DT 40119 902 24 have have VBP 40119 902 25 not not RB 40119 902 26 yet yet RB 40119 902 27 been be VBN 40119 902 28 investigated investigate VBN 40119 902 29 . . . 40119 903 1 In in IN 40119 903 2 the the DT 40119 903 3 red red JJ 40119 903 4 colour colour NN 40119 903 5 we -PRON- PRP 40119 903 6 have have VBP 40119 903 7 another another DT 40119 903 8 striking striking JJ 40119 903 9 example example NN 40119 903 10 of of IN 40119 903 11 an an DT 40119 903 12 exceedingly exceedingly RB 40119 903 13 common common JJ 40119 903 14 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 903 15 which which WDT 40119 903 16 is be VBZ 40119 903 17 habitually habitually RB 40119 903 18 disregarded disregarded JJ 40119 903 19 ; ; : 40119 903 20 indeed indeed RB 40119 903 21 I -PRON- PRP 40119 903 22 can can MD 40119 903 23 find find VB 40119 903 24 no no DT 40119 903 25 record record NN 40119 903 26 of of IN 40119 903 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 903 28 ever ever RB 40119 903 29 having have VBG 40119 903 30 been be VBN 40119 903 31 noticed notice VBN 40119 903 32 at at RB 40119 903 33 all all RB 40119 903 34 . . . 40119 904 1 The the DT 40119 904 2 fact fact NN 40119 904 3 is be VBZ 40119 904 4 that that IN 40119 904 5 whenever whenever WRB 40119 904 6 a a DT 40119 904 7 bright bright JJ 40119 904 8 image image NN 40119 904 9 is be VBZ 40119 904 10 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 904 11 formed form VBN 40119 904 12 upon upon IN 40119 904 13 the the DT 40119 904 14 retina retina NNP 40119 904 15 after after IN 40119 904 16 a a DT 40119 904 17 period period NN 40119 904 18 of of IN 40119 904 19 comparative comparative JJ 40119 904 20 darkness darkness NN 40119 904 21 , , , 40119 904 22 this this DT 40119 904 23 image image NN 40119 904 24 appears appear VBZ 40119 904 25 for for IN 40119 904 26 a a DT 40119 904 27 short short JJ 40119 904 28 time time NN 40119 904 29 to to TO 40119 904 30 be be VB 40119 904 31 surrounded surround VBN 40119 904 32 by by IN 40119 904 33 a a DT 40119 904 34 narrow narrow JJ 40119 904 35 coloured coloured JJ 40119 904 36 border border NN 40119 904 37 , , , 40119 904 38 the the DT 40119 904 39 colour colour NN 40119 904 40 , , , 40119 904 41 under under IN 40119 904 42 ordinary ordinary JJ 40119 904 43 conditions condition NNS 40119 904 44 of of IN 40119 904 45 illumination illumination NN 40119 904 46 , , , 40119 904 47 being be VBG 40119 904 48 red red JJ 40119 904 49 . . . 40119 905 1 If if IN 40119 905 2 the the DT 40119 905 3 light light NN 40119 905 4 is be VBZ 40119 905 5 very very RB 40119 905 6 strong strong JJ 40119 905 7 , , , 40119 905 8 the the DT 40119 905 9 transient transient JJ 40119 905 10 border border NN 40119 905 11 is be VBZ 40119 905 12 greenish greenish NN 40119 905 13 - - HYPH 40119 905 14 blue blue JJ 40119 905 15 , , , 40119 905 16 but but CC 40119 905 17 this this DT 40119 905 18 colour colour NN 40119 905 19 , , , 40119 905 20 as as IN 40119 905 21 will will MD 40119 905 22 be be VB 40119 905 23 explained explain VBN 40119 905 24 later later RBR 40119 905 25 , , , 40119 905 26 turned turn VBD 40119 905 27 out out RP 40119 905 28 to to TO 40119 905 29 be be VB 40119 905 30 merely merely RB 40119 905 31 an an DT 40119 905 32 after after IN 40119 905 33 - - HYPH 40119 905 34 effect effect NN 40119 905 35 of of IN 40119 905 36 red red NN 40119 905 37 . . . 40119 906 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 40119 906 2 , , , 40119 906 3 when when WRB 40119 906 4 the the DT 40119 906 5 object object NN 40119 906 6 is be VBZ 40119 906 7 in in IN 40119 906 8 motion motion NN 40119 906 9 , , , 40119 906 10 both both CC 40119 906 11 red red JJ 40119 906 12 and and CC 40119 906 13 blue blue JJ 40119 906 14 are be VBP 40119 906 15 seen see VBN 40119 906 16 together together RB 40119 906 17 . . . 40119 907 1 The the DT 40119 907 2 observations observation NNS 40119 907 3 were be VBD 40119 907 4 first first RB 40119 907 5 made make VBN 40119 907 6 in in IN 40119 907 7 the the DT 40119 907 8 following follow VBG 40119 907 9 manner manner NN 40119 907 10 . . . 40119 908 1 A a DT 40119 908 2 blackened blacken VBN 40119 908 3 zinc zinc NN 40119 908 4 plate plate NN 40119 908 5 , , , 40119 908 6 in in IN 40119 908 7 which which WDT 40119 908 8 is be VBZ 40119 908 9 a a DT 40119 908 10 small small JJ 40119 908 11 round round JJ 40119 908 12 hole hole NN 40119 908 13 covered cover VBN 40119 908 14 with with IN 40119 908 15 a a DT 40119 908 16 piece piece NN 40119 908 17 of of IN 40119 908 18 thin thin JJ 40119 908 19 writing writing NN 40119 908 20 - - HYPH 40119 908 21 paper paper NN 40119 908 22 , , , 40119 908 23 is be VBZ 40119 908 24 fixed fix VBN 40119 908 25 over over IN 40119 908 26 a a DT 40119 908 27 larger large JJR 40119 908 28 opening opening NN 40119 908 29 in in IN 40119 908 30 a a DT 40119 908 31 wooden wooden JJ 40119 908 32 board board NN 40119 908 33 ; ; : 40119 908 34 thus thus RB 40119 908 35 we -PRON- PRP 40119 908 36 are be VBP 40119 908 37 furnished furnish VBN 40119 908 38 with with IN 40119 908 39 a a DT 40119 908 40 sharply sharply RB 40119 908 41 - - HYPH 40119 908 42 defined define VBN 40119 908 43 translucent translucent JJ 40119 908 44 disk disk NN 40119 908 45 , , , 40119 908 46 which which WDT 40119 908 47 is be VBZ 40119 908 48 surrounded surround VBN 40119 908 49 by by IN 40119 908 50 a a DT 40119 908 51 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 908 52 opaque opaque JJ 40119 908 53 substance substance NN 40119 908 54 . . . 40119 909 1 An an DT 40119 909 2 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 909 3 is be VBZ 40119 909 4 provided provide VBN 40119 909 5 for for IN 40119 909 6 covering cover VBG 40119 909 7 the the DT 40119 909 8 translucent translucent JJ 40119 909 9 disk disk NN 40119 909 10 with with IN 40119 909 11 a a DT 40119 909 12 shutter shutter NN 40119 909 13 , , , 40119 909 14 which which WDT 40119 909 15 can can MD 40119 909 16 be be VB 40119 909 17 opened open VBN 40119 909 18 very very RB 40119 909 19 rapidly rapidly RB 40119 909 20 by by IN 40119 909 21 releasing release VBG 40119 909 22 a a DT 40119 909 23 strong strong JJ 40119 909 24 spring spring NN 40119 909 25 . . . 40119 910 1 If if IN 40119 910 2 this this DT 40119 910 3 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 910 4 is be VBZ 40119 910 5 held hold VBN 40119 910 6 between between IN 40119 910 7 the the DT 40119 910 8 eyes eye NNS 40119 910 9 and and CC 40119 910 10 a a DT 40119 910 11 lamp lamp NN 40119 910 12 , , , 40119 910 13 and and CC 40119 910 14 the the DT 40119 910 15 translucent translucent JJ 40119 910 16 disk disk NN 40119 910 17 is be VBZ 40119 910 18 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 910 19 disclosed disclose VBN 40119 910 20 by by IN 40119 910 21 working work VBG 40119 910 22 the the DT 40119 910 23 shutter shutter NN 40119 910 24 , , , 40119 910 25 the the DT 40119 910 26 disk disk NN 40119 910 27 appears appear VBZ 40119 910 28 for for IN 40119 910 29 a a DT 40119 910 30 short short JJ 40119 910 31 time time NN 40119 910 32 to to TO 40119 910 33 be be VB 40119 910 34 surrounded surround VBN 40119 910 35 by by IN 40119 910 36 a a DT 40119 910 37 narrow narrow JJ 40119 910 38 red red JJ 40119 910 39 border border NN 40119 910 40 . . . 40119 911 1 The the DT 40119 911 2 width width NN 40119 911 3 of of IN 40119 911 4 the the DT 40119 911 5 border border NN 40119 911 6 is be VBZ 40119 911 7 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 911 8 a a DT 40119 911 9 millimetre millimetre NN 40119 911 10 ( ( -LRB- 40119 911 11 1/25 1/25 CD 40119 911 12 inch inch NN 40119 911 13 ) ) -RRB- 40119 911 14 , , , 40119 911 15 and and CC 40119 911 16 the the DT 40119 911 17 appearance appearance NN 40119 911 18 lasts last VBZ 40119 911 19 for for IN 40119 911 20 something something NN 40119 911 21 like like IN 40119 911 22 a a DT 40119 911 23 tenth tenth NN 40119 911 24 of of IN 40119 911 25 a a DT 40119 911 26 second second NN 40119 911 27 . . . 40119 912 1 Most Most JJS 40119 912 2 people people NNS 40119 912 3 are be VBP 40119 912 4 at at IN 40119 912 5 first first RB 40119 912 6 quite quite RB 40119 912 7 unable unable JJ 40119 912 8 to to TO 40119 912 9 recognise recognise VB 40119 912 10 this this DT 40119 912 11 effect effect NN 40119 912 12 , , , 40119 912 13 the the DT 40119 912 14 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 912 15 being be VBG 40119 912 16 , , , 40119 912 17 not not RB 40119 912 18 to to TO 40119 912 19 see see VB 40119 912 20 it -PRON- PRP 40119 912 21 , , , 40119 912 22 but but CC 40119 912 23 to to TO 40119 912 24 know know VB 40119 912 25 that that IN 40119 912 26 one one NN 40119 912 27 sees see VBZ 40119 912 28 it -PRON- PRP 40119 912 29 . . . 40119 913 1 Those those DT 40119 913 2 who who WP 40119 913 3 have have VBP 40119 913 4 been be VBN 40119 913 5 accustomed accustom VBN 40119 913 6 to to IN 40119 913 7 visual visual JJ 40119 913 8 observations observation NNS 40119 913 9 generally generally RB 40119 913 10 perceive perceive VBP 40119 913 11 it -PRON- PRP 40119 913 12 without without IN 40119 913 13 any any DT 40119 913 14 difficulty difficulty NN 40119 913 15 when when WRB 40119 913 16 they -PRON- PRP 40119 913 17 know know VBP 40119 913 18 what what WP 40119 913 19 to to TO 40119 913 20 look look VB 40119 913 21 for for IN 40119 913 22 , , , 40119 913 23 and and CC 40119 913 24 no no RB 40119 913 25 doubt doubt RB 40119 913 26 it -PRON- PRP 40119 913 27 would would MD 40119 913 28 be be VB 40119 913 29 very very RB 40119 913 30 evident evident JJ 40119 913 31 to to IN 40119 913 32 a a DT 40119 913 33 baby baby NN 40119 913 34 which which WDT 40119 913 35 had have VBD 40119 913 36 not not RB 40119 913 37 advanced advance VBN 40119 913 38 very very RB 40119 913 39 far far RB 40119 913 40 in in IN 40119 913 41 the the DT 40119 913 42 education education NN 40119 913 43 of of IN 40119 913 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 913 45 eyes eye NNS 40119 913 46 . . . 40119 914 1 The the DT 40119 914 2 observation observation NN 40119 914 3 is be VBZ 40119 914 4 made make VBN 40119 914 5 rather rather RB 40119 914 6 less less RBR 40119 914 7 difficult difficult JJ 40119 914 8 by by IN 40119 914 9 a a DT 40119 914 10 further further JJ 40119 914 11 device device NN 40119 914 12 . . . 40119 915 1 If if IN 40119 915 2 the the DT 40119 915 3 disk disk NN 40119 915 4 is be VBZ 40119 915 5 divided divide VBN 40119 915 6 into into IN 40119 915 7 two two CD 40119 915 8 parts part NNS 40119 915 9 by by IN 40119 915 10 an an DT 40119 915 11 opaque opaque JJ 40119 915 12 strip strip NN 40119 915 13 across across IN 40119 915 14 the the DT 40119 915 15 middle middle NN 40119 915 16 , , , 40119 915 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 915 18 is be VBZ 40119 915 19 clear clear JJ 40119 915 20 that that IN 40119 915 21 each each DT 40119 915 22 half half JJ 40119 915 23 disk disk NN 40119 915 24 will will MD 40119 915 25 have have VB 40119 915 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 915 27 red red JJ 40119 915 28 border border NN 40119 915 29 , , , 40119 915 30 and and CC 40119 915 31 if if IN 40119 915 32 the the DT 40119 915 33 strip strip NN 40119 915 34 is be VBZ 40119 915 35 made make VBN 40119 915 36 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 915 37 narrow narrow JJ 40119 915 38 , , , 40119 915 39 the the DT 40119 915 40 red red JJ 40119 915 41 borders border NNS 40119 915 42 along along IN 40119 915 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 915 44 edges edge NNS 40119 915 45 will will MD 40119 915 46 meet meet VB 40119 915 47 or or CC 40119 915 48 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 915 49 overlap overlap VB 40119 915 50 , , , 40119 915 51 and and CC 40119 915 52 the the DT 40119 915 53 whole whole JJ 40119 915 54 strip strip NN 40119 915 55 will will MD 40119 915 56 , , , 40119 915 57 for for IN 40119 915 58 a a DT 40119 915 59 moment moment NN 40119 915 60 after after IN 40119 915 61 the the DT 40119 915 62 shutter shutter NN 40119 915 63 is be VBZ 40119 915 64 opened open VBN 40119 915 65 , , , 40119 915 66 appear appear VB 40119 915 67 red red JJ 40119 915 68 . . . 40119 916 1 A a DT 40119 916 2 disk disk NN 40119 916 3 was be VBD 40119 916 4 thus thus RB 40119 916 5 prepared prepare VBN 40119 916 6 by by IN 40119 916 7 gumming gum VBG 40119 916 8 across across IN 40119 916 9 the the DT 40119 916 10 paper paper NN 40119 916 11 a a DT 40119 916 12 very very RB 40119 916 13 narrow narrow JJ 40119 916 14 strip strip NN 40119 916 15 of of IN 40119 916 16 tinfoil tinfoil NNP 40119 916 17 . . . 40119 917 1 The the DT 40119 917 2 effect effect NN 40119 917 3 produced produce VBD 40119 917 4 when when WRB 40119 917 5 such such PDT 40119 917 6 a a DT 40119 917 7 disk disk NN 40119 917 8 is be VBZ 40119 917 9 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 917 10 exposed expose VBN 40119 917 11 is be VBZ 40119 917 12 indicated indicate VBN 40119 917 13 in in IN 40119 917 14 Fig Fig NNP 40119 917 15 . . . 40119 918 1 45 45 CD 40119 918 2 , , , 40119 918 3 the the DT 40119 918 4 red red JJ 40119 918 5 colour colour NN 40119 918 6 being be VBG 40119 918 7 represented represent VBN 40119 918 8 by by IN 40119 918 9 shading shade VBG 40119 918 10 . . . 40119 919 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 919 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 919 3 : : : 40119 919 4 _ _ NNP 40119 919 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 919 6 . . . 40119 920 1 45.--Demonstration 45.--demonstration CD 40119 920 2 of of IN 40119 920 3 Red Red NNP 40119 920 4 Borders Borders NNP 40119 920 5 . . . 40119 920 6 _ _ NNP 40119 920 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 920 8 A a DT 40119 920 9 simpler simple JJR 40119 920 10 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 920 11 is be VBZ 40119 920 12 , , , 40119 920 13 however however RB 40119 920 14 , , , 40119 920 15 quite quite RB 40119 920 16 sufficient sufficient JJ 40119 920 17 for for IN 40119 920 18 showing show VBG 40119 920 19 the the DT 40119 920 20 phenomenon,[12 phenomenon,[12 CD 40119 920 21 ] ] -RRB- 40119 920 22 and and CC 40119 920 23 with with IN 40119 920 24 practice practice NN 40119 920 25 one one PRP 40119 920 26 can can MD 40119 920 27 even even RB 40119 920 28 acquire acquire VB 40119 920 29 the the DT 40119 920 30 power power NN 40119 920 31 of of IN 40119 920 32 seeing see VBG 40119 920 33 it -PRON- PRP 40119 920 34 without without IN 40119 920 35 any any DT 40119 920 36 artificial artificial JJ 40119 920 37 aid aid NN 40119 920 38 at at RB 40119 920 39 all all RB 40119 920 40 . . . 40119 921 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 921 2 have have VBP 40119 921 3 many many JJ 40119 921 4 times time NNS 40119 921 5 noticed notice VBN 40119 921 6 flashes flash NNS 40119 921 7 of of IN 40119 921 8 red red NN 40119 921 9 upon upon IN 40119 921 10 the the DT 40119 921 11 black black JJ 40119 921 12 letters letter NNS 40119 921 13 of of IN 40119 921 14 a a DT 40119 921 15 book book NN 40119 921 16 that that WDT 40119 921 17 I -PRON- PRP 40119 921 18 was be VBD 40119 921 19 reading read VBG 40119 921 20 , , , 40119 921 21 or or CC 40119 921 22 upon upon IN 40119 921 23 the the DT 40119 921 24 edges edge NNS 40119 921 25 of of IN 40119 921 26 the the DT 40119 921 27 page page NN 40119 921 28 : : : 40119 921 29 bright bright JJ 40119 921 30 metallic metallic NNP 40119 921 31 , , , 40119 921 32 or or CC 40119 921 33 polished polished JJ 40119 921 34 objects object NNS 40119 921 35 often often RB 40119 921 36 show show VBP 40119 921 37 it -PRON- PRP 40119 921 38 when when WRB 40119 921 39 they -PRON- PRP 40119 921 40 pass pass VBP 40119 921 41 across across IN 40119 921 42 the the DT 40119 921 43 field field NN 40119 921 44 of of IN 40119 921 45 vision vision NN 40119 921 46 in in IN 40119 921 47 consequence consequence NN 40119 921 48 of of IN 40119 921 49 a a DT 40119 921 50 movement movement NN 40119 921 51 of of IN 40119 921 52 the the DT 40119 921 53 eyes eye NNS 40119 921 54 , , , 40119 921 55 and and CC 40119 921 56 it -PRON- PRP 40119 921 57 was be VBD 40119 921 58 an an DT 40119 921 59 accidental accidental JJ 40119 921 60 observation observation NN 40119 921 61 of of IN 40119 921 62 this this DT 40119 921 63 kind kind NN 40119 921 64 which which WDT 40119 921 65 suggested suggest VBD 40119 921 66 the the DT 40119 921 67 following follow VBG 40119 921 68 easy easy JJ 40119 921 69 way way NN 40119 921 70 of of IN 40119 921 71 exhibiting exhibit VBG 40119 921 72 the the DT 40119 921 73 effect effect NN 40119 921 74 experimentally experimentally RB 40119 921 75 . . . 40119 922 1 An an DT 40119 922 2 incandescent incandescent JJ 40119 922 3 electric electric JJ 40119 922 4 lamp lamp NN 40119 922 5 was be VBD 40119 922 6 fixed fix VBN 40119 922 7 behind behind IN 40119 922 8 a a DT 40119 922 9 round round JJ 40119 922 10 hole hole NN 40119 922 11 in in IN 40119 922 12 a a DT 40119 922 13 sheet sheet NN 40119 922 14 of of IN 40119 922 15 metal metal NN 40119 922 16 which which WDT 40119 922 17 was be VBD 40119 922 18 attached attach VBN 40119 922 19 to to IN 40119 922 20 a a DT 40119 922 21 board board NN 40119 922 22 . . . 40119 923 1 The the DT 40119 923 2 hole hole NN 40119 923 3 was be VBD 40119 923 4 covered cover VBN 40119 923 5 with with IN 40119 923 6 two two CD 40119 923 7 or or CC 40119 923 8 three three CD 40119 923 9 thicknesses thickness NNS 40119 923 10 of of IN 40119 923 11 writing write VBG 40119 923 12 paper paper NN 40119 923 13 , , , 40119 923 14 making make VBG 40119 923 15 a a DT 40119 923 16 bright bright JJ 40119 923 17 disk disk NN 40119 923 18 of of IN 40119 923 19 nearly nearly RB 40119 923 20 uniform uniform JJ 40119 923 21 luminosity luminosity NN 40119 923 22 . . . 40119 924 1 When when WRB 40119 924 2 this this DT 40119 924 3 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 924 4 was be VBD 40119 924 5 moved move VBN 40119 924 6 rather rather RB 40119 924 7 quickly quickly RB 40119 924 8 either either CC 40119 924 9 backwards backwards RB 40119 924 10 and and CC 40119 924 11 forwards forwards RB 40119 924 12 or or CC 40119 924 13 round round JJ 40119 924 14 and and CC 40119 924 15 round round VB 40119 924 16 in in IN 40119 924 17 a a DT 40119 924 18 small small JJ 40119 924 19 circle circle NN 40119 924 20 , , , 40119 924 21 the the DT 40119 924 22 edge edge NN 40119 924 23 of of IN 40119 924 24 the the DT 40119 924 25 streak streak NN 40119 924 26 of of IN 40119 924 27 light light NN 40119 924 28 thus thus RB 40119 924 29 formed form VBN 40119 924 30 appeared appear VBD 40119 924 31 to to TO 40119 924 32 be be VB 40119 924 33 bordered border VBN 40119 924 34 with with IN 40119 924 35 red red NN 40119 924 36 . . . 40119 925 1 If if IN 40119 925 2 this this DT 40119 925 3 experiment experiment NN 40119 925 4 is be VBZ 40119 925 5 performed perform VBN 40119 925 6 with with IN 40119 925 7 a a DT 40119 925 8 strong strong JJ 40119 925 9 light light NN 40119 925 10 behind behind IN 40119 925 11 the the DT 40119 925 12 paper paper NN 40119 925 13 , , , 40119 925 14 the the DT 40119 925 15 streak streak NN 40119 925 16 becomes become VBZ 40119 925 17 bordered border VBN 40119 925 18 with with IN 40119 925 19 greenish greenish NN 40119 925 20 - - HYPH 40119 925 21 blue blue JJ 40119 925 22 instead instead RB 40119 925 23 of of IN 40119 925 24 red red NN 40119 925 25 . . . 40119 926 1 With with IN 40119 926 2 an an DT 40119 926 3 intermediate intermediate JJ 40119 926 4 degree degree NN 40119 926 5 of of IN 40119 926 6 illumination illumination NN 40119 926 7 , , , 40119 926 8 both both DT 40119 926 9 blue blue JJ 40119 926 10 and and CC 40119 926 11 red red NN 40119 926 12 may may MD 40119 926 13 be be VB 40119 926 14 seen see VBN 40119 926 15 together together RB 40119 926 16 . . . 40119 927 1 Most Most JJS 40119 927 2 of of IN 40119 927 3 the the DT 40119 927 4 effects effect NNS 40119 927 5 that that WDT 40119 927 6 have have VBP 40119 927 7 so so RB 40119 927 8 far far RB 40119 927 9 been be VBN 40119 927 10 described describe VBN 40119 927 11 were be VBD 40119 927 12 produced produce VBN 40119 927 13 by by IN 40119 927 14 transmitted transmit VBN 40119 927 15 light light NN 40119 927 16 , , , 40119 927 17 but but CC 40119 927 18 reflected reflect VBN 40119 927 19 light light NN 40119 927 20 will will MD 40119 927 21 show show VB 40119 927 22 them -PRON- PRP 40119 927 23 equally equally RB 40119 927 24 well well RB 40119 927 25 . . . 40119 928 1 If if IN 40119 928 2 you -PRON- PRP 40119 928 3 place place VBP 40119 928 4 a a DT 40119 928 5 printed print VBN 40119 928 6 book book NN 40119 928 7 in in IN 40119 928 8 front front NN 40119 928 9 of of IN 40119 928 10 you -PRON- PRP 40119 928 11 near near IN 40119 928 12 a a DT 40119 928 13 good good JJ 40119 928 14 lamp lamp NN 40119 928 15 and and CC 40119 928 16 interpose interpose VB 40119 928 17 a a DT 40119 928 18 dark dark JJ 40119 928 19 screen screen NN 40119 928 20 before before IN 40119 928 21 your -PRON- PRP$ 40119 928 22 eyes eye NNS 40119 928 23 , , , 40119 928 24 then then RB 40119 928 25 , , , 40119 928 26 when when WRB 40119 928 27 the the DT 40119 928 28 screen screen NN 40119 928 29 is be VBZ 40119 928 30 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 928 31 withdrawn withdraw VBN 40119 928 32 , , , 40119 928 33 the the DT 40119 928 34 printed print VBN 40119 928 35 letters letter NNS 40119 928 36 will will MD 40119 928 37 for for IN 40119 928 38 a a DT 40119 928 39 moment moment NN 40119 928 40 appear appear VBP 40119 928 41 red red JJ 40119 928 42 , , , 40119 928 43 quickly quickly RB 40119 928 44 changing change VBG 40119 928 45 to to IN 40119 928 46 black black NN 40119 928 47 . . . 40119 929 1 Some some DT 40119 929 2 practice practice NN 40119 929 3 is be VBZ 40119 929 4 required require VBN 40119 929 5 before before IN 40119 929 6 this this DT 40119 929 7 observation observation NN 40119 929 8 can can MD 40119 929 9 be be VB 40119 929 10 made make VBN 40119 929 11 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 40119 929 12 , , , 40119 929 13 but but CC 40119 929 14 by by IN 40119 929 15 a a DT 40119 929 16 simple simple JJ 40119 929 17 device device NN 40119 929 18 it -PRON- PRP 40119 929 19 is be VBZ 40119 929 20 possible possible JJ 40119 929 21 to to TO 40119 929 22 obliterate obliterate VB 40119 929 23 the the DT 40119 929 24 image image NN 40119 929 25 of of IN 40119 929 26 the the DT 40119 929 27 letters letter NNS 40119 929 28 before before IN 40119 929 29 the the DT 40119 929 30 redness redness NN 40119 929 31 has have VBZ 40119 929 32 had have VBN 40119 929 33 time time NN 40119 929 34 to to TO 40119 929 35 disappear disappear VB 40119 929 36 ; ; : 40119 929 37 the the DT 40119 929 38 colour colour NN 40119 929 39 then then RB 40119 929 40 becomes become VBZ 40119 929 41 quite quite RB 40119 929 42 easily easily RB 40119 929 43 perceptible perceptible JJ 40119 929 44 . . . 40119 930 1 Hold hold VB 40119 930 2 two two CD 40119 930 3 screens screen NNS 40119 930 4 together together RB 40119 930 5 side side NN 40119 930 6 by by IN 40119 930 7 side side NN 40119 930 8 , , , 40119 930 9 a a DT 40119 930 10 black black JJ 40119 930 11 one one NN 40119 930 12 and and CC 40119 930 13 a a DT 40119 930 14 white white JJ 40119 930 15 one one CD 40119 930 16 , , , 40119 930 17 in in IN 40119 930 18 such such PDT 40119 930 19 a a DT 40119 930 20 manner manner NN 40119 930 21 that that IN 40119 930 22 an an DT 40119 930 23 open open JJ 40119 930 24 space space NN 40119 930 25 is be VBZ 40119 930 26 left leave VBN 40119 930 27 between between IN 40119 930 28 them -PRON- PRP 40119 930 29 . . . 40119 931 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 931 2 See see VB 40119 931 3 Fig fig NN 40119 931 4 . . . 40119 932 1 46 46 CD 40119 932 2 . . . 40119 932 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 933 1 In in IN 40119 933 2 the the DT 40119 933 3 first first JJ 40119 933 4 place place NN 40119 933 5 let let VB 40119 933 6 the the DT 40119 933 7 black black JJ 40119 933 8 screen screen NN 40119 933 9 cover cover VB 40119 933 10 the the DT 40119 933 11 printing printing NN 40119 933 12 ; ; : 40119 933 13 then then RB 40119 933 14 quickly quickly RB 40119 933 15 move move VB 40119 933 16 the the DT 40119 933 17 screens screen NNS 40119 933 18 sideways sideway VBZ 40119 933 19 so so IN 40119 933 20 that that IN 40119 933 21 the the DT 40119 933 22 printed print VBN 40119 933 23 letters letter NNS 40119 933 24 may may MD 40119 933 25 be be VB 40119 933 26 for for IN 40119 933 27 a a DT 40119 933 28 moment moment NN 40119 933 29 exposed expose VBN 40119 933 30 to to TO 40119 933 31 view view VB 40119 933 32 through through IN 40119 933 33 the the DT 40119 933 34 gap gap NN 40119 933 35 , , , 40119 933 36 stopping stop VBG 40119 933 37 the the DT 40119 933 38 movement movement NN 40119 933 39 as as RB 40119 933 40 soon soon RB 40119 933 41 as as IN 40119 933 42 the the DT 40119 933 43 page page NN 40119 933 44 is be VBZ 40119 933 45 covered cover VBN 40119 933 46 by by IN 40119 933 47 the the DT 40119 933 48 white white JJ 40119 933 49 screen screen NN 40119 933 50 . . . 40119 934 1 During during IN 40119 934 2 the the DT 40119 934 3 brief brief JJ 40119 934 4 glimpse glimpse NN 40119 934 5 that that WDT 40119 934 6 will will MD 40119 934 7 be be VB 40119 934 8 had have VBN 40119 934 9 of of IN 40119 934 10 the the DT 40119 934 11 black black JJ 40119 934 12 letters letter NNS 40119 934 13 while while IN 40119 934 14 the the DT 40119 934 15 gap gap NN 40119 934 16 is be VBZ 40119 934 17 passing pass VBG 40119 934 18 over over IN 40119 934 19 them -PRON- PRP 40119 934 20 , , , 40119 934 21 they -PRON- PRP 40119 934 22 will will MD 40119 934 23 , , , 40119 934 24 if if IN 40119 934 25 the the DT 40119 934 26 illumination illumination NN 40119 934 27 is be VBZ 40119 934 28 suitable suitable JJ 40119 934 29 , , , 40119 934 30 appear appear VB 40119 934 31 to to TO 40119 934 32 be be VB 40119 934 33 bright bright JJ 40119 934 34 red red JJ 40119 934 35 . . . 40119 935 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 935 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 935 3 : : : 40119 935 4 _ _ NNP 40119 935 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 935 6 . . . 40119 936 1 46.--Black 46.--black CD 40119 936 2 and and CC 40119 936 3 White White NNP 40119 936 4 Screens Screens NNPS 40119 936 5 . . . 40119 936 6 _ _ NNP 40119 936 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 936 8 [ [ -LRB- 40119 936 9 Illustration illustration NN 40119 936 10 : : : 40119 936 11 _ _ NNP 40119 936 12 Fig Fig NNP 40119 936 13 . . . 40119 937 1 47.--Disk 47.--disk CD 40119 937 2 for for IN 40119 937 3 Red Red NNP 40119 937 4 Borders Borders NNP 40119 937 5 . . . 40119 937 6 _ _ NNP 40119 937 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 937 8 We -PRON- PRP 40119 937 9 may may MD 40119 937 10 go go VB 40119 937 11 a a DT 40119 937 12 step step NN 40119 937 13 further far RBR 40119 937 14 . . . 40119 938 1 Cut cut VB 40119 938 2 out out RP 40119 938 3 a a DT 40119 938 4 disk disk NN 40119 938 5 of of IN 40119 938 6 white white JJ 40119 938 7 cardboard cardboard NN 40119 938 8 , , , 40119 938 9 divide divide VB 40119 938 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 938 11 into into IN 40119 938 12 two two CD 40119 938 13 equal equal JJ 40119 938 14 parts part NNS 40119 938 15 by by IN 40119 938 16 a a DT 40119 938 17 straight straight JJ 40119 938 18 line line NN 40119 938 19 through through IN 40119 938 20 the the DT 40119 938 21 centre centre NN 40119 938 22 , , , 40119 938 23 and and CC 40119 938 24 paint paint VB 40119 938 25 one one CD 40119 938 26 half half NN 40119 938 27 black black JJ 40119 938 28 . . . 40119 939 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 939 2 13 13 CD 40119 939 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 939 4 At at IN 40119 939 5 the the DT 40119 939 6 junction junction NN 40119 939 7 of of IN 40119 939 8 the the DT 40119 939 9 black black JJ 40119 939 10 and and CC 40119 939 11 white white JJ 40119 939 12 portions portion NNS 40119 939 13 cut cut VBD 40119 939 14 out out RP 40119 939 15 a a DT 40119 939 16 gap gap NN 40119 939 17 , , , 40119 939 18 which which WDT 40119 939 19 may may MD 40119 939 20 conveniently conveniently RB 40119 939 21 be be VB 40119 939 22 of of IN 40119 939 23 the the DT 40119 939 24 form form NN 40119 939 25 of of IN 40119 939 26 a a DT 40119 939 27 sector sector NN 40119 939 28 of of IN 40119 939 29 45 45 CD 40119 939 30 ° ° NNS 40119 939 31 . . . 40119 940 1 ( ( -LRB- 40119 940 2 See see VB 40119 940 3 Fig fig NN 40119 940 4 . . . 40119 941 1 47 47 CD 40119 941 2 . . . 40119 941 3 ) ) -RRB- 40119 942 1 Stick stick VB 40119 942 2 a a DT 40119 942 3 long long JJ 40119 942 4 pin pin NN 40119 942 5 through through IN 40119 942 6 the the DT 40119 942 7 centre centre NN 40119 942 8 and and CC 40119 942 9 hold hold VB 40119 942 10 the the DT 40119 942 11 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 942 12 by by IN 40119 942 13 the the DT 40119 942 14 pointed pointed JJ 40119 942 15 end end NN 40119 942 16 of of IN 40119 942 17 the the DT 40119 942 18 pin pin NN 40119 942 19 a a DT 40119 942 20 few few JJ 40119 942 21 inches inch NNS 40119 942 22 above above IN 40119 942 23 a a DT 40119 942 24 printed print VBN 40119 942 25 page page NN 40119 942 26 near near IN 40119 942 27 a a DT 40119 942 28 good good JJ 40119 942 29 light light NN 40119 942 30 . . . 40119 943 1 Make make VB 40119 943 2 the the DT 40119 943 3 disk disk NN 40119 943 4 spin spin NN 40119 943 5 at at IN 40119 943 6 the the DT 40119 943 7 rate rate NN 40119 943 8 of of IN 40119 943 9 about about RB 40119 943 10 five five CD 40119 943 11 or or CC 40119 943 12 six six CD 40119 943 13 turns turn VBZ 40119 943 14 a a DT 40119 943 15 second second JJ 40119 943 16 by by IN 40119 943 17 striking strike VBG 40119 943 18 the the DT 40119 943 19 edge edge NN 40119 943 20 with with IN 40119 943 21 the the DT 40119 943 22 finger finger NN 40119 943 23 . . . 40119 944 1 As as IN 40119 944 2 before before RB 40119 944 3 , , , 40119 944 4 the the DT 40119 944 5 letters letter NNS 40119 944 6 when when WRB 40119 944 7 seen see VBN 40119 944 8 through through IN 40119 944 9 the the DT 40119 944 10 gap gap NN 40119 944 11 will will MD 40119 944 12 appear appear VB 40119 944 13 red red JJ 40119 944 14 , , , 40119 944 15 and and CC 40119 944 16 persistence persistence NN 40119 944 17 will will MD 40119 944 18 render render VB 40119 944 19 the the DT 40119 944 20 repeated repeat VBN 40119 944 21 impressions impression NNS 40119 944 22 almost almost RB 40119 944 23 continuous continuous JJ 40119 944 24 so so RB 40119 944 25 long long RB 40119 944 26 as as IN 40119 944 27 the the DT 40119 944 28 rotation rotation NN 40119 944 29 is be VBZ 40119 944 30 kept keep VBN 40119 944 31 up up RP 40119 944 32 ; ; : 40119 944 33 any any DT 40119 944 34 one one NN 40119 944 35 seeing see VBG 40119 944 36 the the DT 40119 944 37 printing printing NN 40119 944 38 for for IN 40119 944 39 the the DT 40119 944 40 first first JJ 40119 944 41 time time NN 40119 944 42 through through IN 40119 944 43 the the DT 40119 944 44 rotating rotating NN 40119 944 45 disk disk NN 40119 944 46 would would MD 40119 944 47 believe believe VB 40119 944 48 that that IN 40119 944 49 it -PRON- PRP 40119 944 50 was be VBD 40119 944 51 done do VBN 40119 944 52 with with IN 40119 944 53 red red JJ 40119 944 54 ink ink NN 40119 944 55 . . . 40119 945 1 Care care NN 40119 945 2 must must MD 40119 945 3 be be VB 40119 945 4 taken take VBN 40119 945 5 that that IN 40119 945 6 the the DT 40119 945 7 disk disk NN 40119 945 8 does do VBZ 40119 945 9 not not RB 40119 945 10 cast cast VB 40119 945 11 a a DT 40119 945 12 shadow shadow NN 40119 945 13 upon upon IN 40119 945 14 the the DT 40119 945 15 page page NN 40119 945 16 , , , 40119 945 17 and and CC 40119 945 18 that that IN 40119 945 19 the the DT 40119 945 20 intensity intensity NN 40119 945 21 of of IN 40119 945 22 the the DT 40119 945 23 illumination illumination NN 40119 945 24 is be VBZ 40119 945 25 properly properly RB 40119 945 26 adjusted adjust VBN 40119 945 27 . . . 40119 946 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 946 2 have have VBP 40119 946 3 devised devise VBN 40119 946 4 several several JJ 40119 946 5 rather rather RB 40119 946 6 more more RBR 40119 946 7 elaborate elaborate JJ 40119 946 8 contrivances contrivance NNS 40119 946 9 for for IN 40119 946 10 making make VBG 40119 946 11 the the DT 40119 946 12 disks disk NNS 40119 946 13 rotate rotate VB 40119 946 14 at at IN 40119 946 15 a a DT 40119 946 16 uniform uniform JJ 40119 946 17 speed speed NN 40119 946 18 ; ; : 40119 946 19 one one CD 40119 946 20 of of IN 40119 946 21 these these DT 40119 946 22 is be VBZ 40119 946 23 shown show VBN 40119 946 24 in in IN 40119 946 25 Fig Fig NNP 40119 946 26 . . . 40119 947 1 50 50 CD 40119 947 2 . . . 40119 948 1 In in IN 40119 948 2 none none NN 40119 948 3 of of IN 40119 948 4 these these DT 40119 948 5 experiments experiment NNS 40119 948 6 does do VBZ 40119 948 7 an an DT 40119 948 8 extended extend VBN 40119 948 9 black black JJ 40119 948 10 surface surface NN 40119 948 11 ever ever RB 40119 948 12 appear appear VBP 40119 948 13 red red JJ 40119 948 14 , , , 40119 948 15 but but CC 40119 948 16 only only RB 40119 948 17 black black JJ 40119 948 18 dots dot NNS 40119 948 19 or or CC 40119 948 20 lines line NNS 40119 948 21 . . . 40119 949 1 And and CC 40119 949 2 the the DT 40119 949 3 lines line NNS 40119 949 4 must must MD 40119 949 5 not not RB 40119 949 6 be be VB 40119 949 7 too too RB 40119 949 8 thick thick JJ 40119 949 9 ; ; : 40119 949 10 if if IN 40119 949 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 949 12 thickness thickness NN 40119 949 13 is be VBZ 40119 949 14 much much RB 40119 949 15 more more JJR 40119 949 16 than than IN 40119 949 17 a a DT 40119 949 18 millimetre millimetre NN 40119 949 19 ( ( -LRB- 40119 949 20 1/25 1/25 CD 40119 949 21 inch inch NN 40119 949 22 ) ) -RRB- 40119 949 23 , , , 40119 949 24 the the DT 40119 949 25 lines line NNS 40119 949 26 , , , 40119 949 27 as as IN 40119 949 28 seen see VBN 40119 949 29 by by IN 40119 949 30 an an DT 40119 949 31 observer observer NN 40119 949 32 from from IN 40119 949 33 the the DT 40119 949 34 usual usual JJ 40119 949 35 distance distance NN 40119 949 36 for for IN 40119 949 37 reading reading NN 40119 949 38 , , , 40119 949 39 do do VBP 40119 949 40 not not RB 40119 949 41 become become VB 40119 949 42 red red JJ 40119 949 43 throughout throughout IN 40119 949 44 , , , 40119 949 45 but but CC 40119 949 46 only only RB 40119 949 47 along along IN 40119 949 48 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 949 49 edges edge NNS 40119 949 50 . . . 40119 950 1 The the DT 40119 950 2 red red JJ 40119 950 3 appearance appearance NN 40119 950 4 does do VBZ 40119 950 5 not not RB 40119 950 6 in in IN 40119 950 7 fact fact NN 40119 950 8 originate originate VB 40119 950 9 in in IN 40119 950 10 the the DT 40119 950 11 black black JJ 40119 950 12 lines line NNS 40119 950 13 themselves -PRON- PRP 40119 950 14 : : : 40119 950 15 these these DT 40119 950 16 serve serve VBP 40119 950 17 merely merely RB 40119 950 18 as as IN 40119 950 19 a a DT 40119 950 20 background background NN 40119 950 21 for for IN 40119 950 22 showing show VBG 40119 950 23 up up RP 40119 950 24 the the DT 40119 950 25 red red JJ 40119 950 26 border border NN 40119 950 27 which which WDT 40119 950 28 fringes fringe VBZ 40119 950 29 externally externally RB 40119 950 30 the the DT 40119 950 31 white white JJ 40119 950 32 portions portion NNS 40119 950 33 of of IN 40119 950 34 the the DT 40119 950 35 paper paper NN 40119 950 36 , , , 40119 950 37 and and CC 40119 950 38 the the DT 40119 950 39 width width NN 40119 950 40 of of IN 40119 950 41 this this DT 40119 950 42 border border NN 40119 950 43 does do VBZ 40119 950 44 not not RB 40119 950 45 exceed exceed VB 40119 950 46 about about RB 40119 950 47 one one CD 40119 950 48 - - HYPH 40119 950 49 fifth fifth NN 40119 950 50 of of IN 40119 950 51 a a DT 40119 950 52 degree degree NN 40119 950 53 . . . 40119 951 1 But but CC 40119 951 2 by by IN 40119 951 3 employing employ VBG 40119 951 4 a a DT 40119 951 5 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 951 6 large large JJ 40119 951 7 disk disk NN 40119 951 8 and and CC 40119 951 9 selecting selecting NN 40119 951 10 designs design NNS 40119 951 11 or or CC 40119 951 12 letters letter NNS 40119 951 13 composed compose VBN 40119 951 14 of of IN 40119 951 15 lines line NNS 40119 951 16 of of IN 40119 951 17 suitable suitable JJ 40119 951 18 thickness thickness NN 40119 951 19 , , , 40119 951 20 the the DT 40119 951 21 colour colour NN 40119 951 22 effect effect NN 40119 951 23 has have VBZ 40119 951 24 been be VBN 40119 951 25 shown show VBN 40119 951 26 to to IN 40119 951 27 a a DT 40119 951 28 large large JJ 40119 951 29 audience audience NN 40119 951 30 . . . 40119 952 1 When when WRB 40119 952 2 the the DT 40119 952 3 disk disk NN 40119 952 4 is be VBZ 40119 952 5 turned turn VBN 40119 952 6 in in RP 40119 952 7 the the DT 40119 952 8 opposite opposite JJ 40119 952 9 direction direction NN 40119 952 10 , , , 40119 952 11 so so IN 40119 952 12 that that IN 40119 952 13 the the DT 40119 952 14 gap gap NN 40119 952 15 is be VBZ 40119 952 16 preceded precede VBN 40119 952 17 by by IN 40119 952 18 white white NN 40119 952 19 and and CC 40119 952 20 followed follow VBN 40119 952 21 by by IN 40119 952 22 black black JJ 40119 952 23 , , , 40119 952 24 the the DT 40119 952 25 lines line NNS 40119 952 26 of of IN 40119 952 27 the the DT 40119 952 28 design design NN 40119 952 29 appear appear VBP 40119 952 30 at at IN 40119 952 31 first first JJ 40119 952 32 sight sight NN 40119 952 33 to to TO 40119 952 34 become become VB 40119 952 35 dark dark JJ 40119 952 36 blue blue JJ 40119 952 37 instead instead RB 40119 952 38 of of IN 40119 952 39 red red NN 40119 952 40 . . . 40119 953 1 Attentive attentive JJ 40119 953 2 observation observation NN 40119 953 3 , , , 40119 953 4 however however RB 40119 953 5 , , , 40119 953 6 shows show VBZ 40119 953 7 that that IN 40119 953 8 the the DT 40119 953 9 apparently apparently RB 40119 953 10 blue blue JJ 40119 953 11 tint tint NN 40119 953 12 is be VBZ 40119 953 13 not not RB 40119 953 14 formed form VBN 40119 953 15 upon upon IN 40119 953 16 the the DT 40119 953 17 lines line NNS 40119 953 18 themselves -PRON- PRP 40119 953 19 , , , 40119 953 20 as as IN 40119 953 21 the the DT 40119 953 22 red red JJ 40119 953 23 tint tint NN 40119 953 24 was be VBD 40119 953 25 , , , 40119 953 26 but but CC 40119 953 27 upon upon IN 40119 953 28 the the DT 40119 953 29 white white JJ 40119 953 30 ground ground NN 40119 953 31 just just RB 40119 953 32 outside outside IN 40119 953 33 them -PRON- PRP 40119 953 34 . . . 40119 954 1 This this DT 40119 954 2 introduces introduce VBZ 40119 954 3 to to IN 40119 954 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 40119 954 5 notice notice NN 40119 954 6 another another DT 40119 954 7 border border NN 40119 954 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 954 9 , , , 40119 954 10 which which WDT 40119 954 11 seems seem VBZ 40119 954 12 to to TO 40119 954 13 present present VB 40119 954 14 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 954 15 when when WRB 40119 954 16 a a DT 40119 954 17 dark dark JJ 40119 954 18 patch patch NN 40119 954 19 is be VBZ 40119 954 20 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 954 21 formed form VBN 40119 954 22 on on IN 40119 954 23 a a DT 40119 954 24 bright bright JJ 40119 954 25 ground ground NN 40119 954 26 , , , 40119 954 27 for for IN 40119 954 28 that that DT 40119 954 29 is be VBZ 40119 954 30 essentially essentially RB 40119 954 31 what what WP 40119 954 32 takes take VBZ 40119 954 33 place place NN 40119 954 34 when when WRB 40119 954 35 the the DT 40119 954 36 disk disk NN 40119 954 37 is be VBZ 40119 954 38 turned turn VBN 40119 954 39 the the DT 40119 954 40 reverse reverse JJ 40119 954 41 way way NN 40119 954 42 . . . 40119 955 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 955 2 made make VBD 40119 955 3 some some DT 40119 955 4 attempts attempt NNS 40119 955 5 to to TO 40119 955 6 obtain obtain VB 40119 955 7 more more RBR 40119 955 8 direct direct JJ 40119 955 9 evidence evidence NN 40119 955 10 that that IN 40119 955 11 such such PDT 40119 955 12 a a DT 40119 955 13 dark dark JJ 40119 955 14 patch patch NN 40119 955 15 appeared appear VBD 40119 955 16 for for IN 40119 955 17 a a DT 40119 955 18 moment moment NN 40119 955 19 to to TO 40119 955 20 have have VB 40119 955 21 a a DT 40119 955 22 blue blue JJ 40119 955 23 border border NN 40119 955 24 , , , 40119 955 25 and and CC 40119 955 26 after after IN 40119 955 27 some some DT 40119 955 28 trouble trouble NN 40119 955 29 succeeded succeed VBD 40119 955 30 in in IN 40119 955 31 doing do VBG 40119 955 32 so so RB 40119 955 33 . . . 40119 956 1 A a DT 40119 956 2 circular circular JJ 40119 956 3 aperture aperture NN 40119 956 4 was be VBD 40119 956 5 cut cut VBN 40119 956 6 in in IN 40119 956 7 a a DT 40119 956 8 wooden wooden JJ 40119 956 9 board board NN 40119 956 10 and and CC 40119 956 11 covered cover VBN 40119 956 12 with with IN 40119 956 13 white white JJ 40119 956 14 paper paper NN 40119 956 15 ; ; : 40119 956 16 a a DT 40119 956 17 lamp lamp NN 40119 956 18 was be VBD 40119 956 19 placed place VBN 40119 956 20 behind behind IN 40119 956 21 the the DT 40119 956 22 board board NN 40119 956 23 , , , 40119 956 24 and and CC 40119 956 25 thus thus RB 40119 956 26 a a DT 40119 956 27 bright bright JJ 40119 956 28 disk disk NN 40119 956 29 was be VBD 40119 956 30 obtained obtain VBN 40119 956 31 , , , 40119 956 32 as as IN 40119 956 33 in in IN 40119 956 34 the the DT 40119 956 35 former former JJ 40119 956 36 experiment experiment NN 40119 956 37 . . . 40119 957 1 An an DT 40119 957 2 arrangement arrangement NN 40119 957 3 was be VBD 40119 957 4 prepared prepare VBN 40119 957 5 by by IN 40119 957 6 means mean NNS 40119 957 7 of of IN 40119 957 8 which which WDT 40119 957 9 one one CD 40119 957 10 half half NN 40119 957 11 of of IN 40119 957 12 this this DT 40119 957 13 bright bright JJ 40119 957 14 disk disk NN 40119 957 15 could could MD 40119 957 16 be be VB 40119 957 17 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 957 18 covered cover VBN 40119 957 19 by by IN 40119 957 20 a a DT 40119 957 21 metal metal NN 40119 957 22 shutter shutter NN 40119 957 23 , , , 40119 957 24 and and CC 40119 957 25 it -PRON- PRP 40119 957 26 was be VBD 40119 957 27 found find VBN 40119 957 28 that that IN 40119 957 29 when when WRB 40119 957 30 this this DT 40119 957 31 was be VBD 40119 957 32 done do VBN 40119 957 33 a a DT 40119 957 34 narrow narrow JJ 40119 957 35 blue blue JJ 40119 957 36 band band NN 40119 957 37 appeared appear VBD 40119 957 38 on on IN 40119 957 39 the the DT 40119 957 40 bright bright JJ 40119 957 41 ground ground NN 40119 957 42 just just RB 40119 957 43 beyond beyond RB 40119 957 44 and and CC 40119 957 45 adjoining adjoin VBG 40119 957 46 the the DT 40119 957 47 edge edge NN 40119 957 48 of of IN 40119 957 49 the the DT 40119 957 50 shutter shutter NN 40119 957 51 when when WRB 40119 957 52 it -PRON- PRP 40119 957 53 had have VBD 40119 957 54 come come VBN 40119 957 55 to to TO 40119 957 56 rest rest VB 40119 957 57 . . . 40119 958 1 The the DT 40119 958 2 blue blue JJ 40119 958 3 band band NN 40119 958 4 lasted last VBD 40119 958 5 for for IN 40119 958 6 about about RB 40119 958 7 a a DT 40119 958 8 tenth tenth NN 40119 958 9 of of IN 40119 958 10 a a DT 40119 958 11 second second JJ 40119 958 12 , , , 40119 958 13 and and CC 40119 958 14 it -PRON- PRP 40119 958 15 seemed seem VBD 40119 958 16 to to TO 40119 958 17 disappear disappear VB 40119 958 18 by by IN 40119 958 19 retreating retreat VBG 40119 958 20 into into IN 40119 958 21 the the DT 40119 958 22 black black JJ 40119 958 23 edge edge NN 40119 958 24 of of IN 40119 958 25 the the DT 40119 958 26 shutter shutter NN 40119 958 27 . . . 40119 959 1 The the DT 40119 959 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 959 3 is be VBZ 40119 959 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 40119 959 5 in in IN 40119 959 6 Fig Fig NNP 40119 959 7 . . . 40119 960 1 48 48 CD 40119 960 2 , , , 40119 960 3 where where WRB 40119 960 4 the the DT 40119 960 5 shaded shaded JJ 40119 960 6 band band NN 40119 960 7 indicates indicate VBZ 40119 960 8 the the DT 40119 960 9 blue blue JJ 40119 960 10 border border NN 40119 960 11 . . . 40119 961 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 961 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 961 3 : : : 40119 961 4 _ _ NNP 40119 961 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 961 6 . . . 40119 962 1 48.--Demonstration 48.--demonstration CD 40119 962 2 of of IN 40119 962 3 Blue Blue NNP 40119 962 4 Border Border NNP 40119 962 5 . . . 40119 962 6 _ _ NNP 40119 962 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 962 8 We -PRON- PRP 40119 962 9 have have VBP 40119 962 10 then then RB 40119 962 11 to to TO 40119 962 12 account account VB 40119 962 13 , , , 40119 962 14 if if IN 40119 962 15 possible possible JJ 40119 962 16 , , , 40119 962 17 for for IN 40119 962 18 the the DT 40119 962 19 two two CD 40119 962 20 facts fact NNS 40119 962 21 that that WDT 40119 962 22 , , , 40119 962 23 in in IN 40119 962 24 the the DT 40119 962 25 formation formation NN 40119 962 26 of of IN 40119 962 27 these these DT 40119 962 28 transient transient JJ 40119 962 29 colour colour NN 40119 962 30 - - HYPH 40119 962 31 borders border NNS 40119 962 32 , , , 40119 962 33 the the DT 40119 962 34 red red JJ 40119 962 35 sensation sensation NN 40119 962 36 occurs occur VBZ 40119 962 37 in in IN 40119 962 38 a a DT 40119 962 39 portion portion NN 40119 962 40 of of IN 40119 962 41 the the DT 40119 962 42 retina retina NNP 40119 962 43 which which WDT 40119 962 44 has have VBZ 40119 962 45 not not RB 40119 962 46 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 962 47 been be VBN 40119 962 48 exposed expose VBN 40119 962 49 to to IN 40119 962 50 the the DT 40119 962 51 direct direct JJ 40119 962 52 action action NN 40119 962 53 of of IN 40119 962 54 light light NN 40119 962 55 , , , 40119 962 56 while while IN 40119 962 57 the the DT 40119 962 58 blue blue JJ 40119 962 59 occurs occur VBZ 40119 962 60 in in IN 40119 962 61 a a DT 40119 962 62 portion portion NN 40119 962 63 which which WDT 40119 962 64 is be VBZ 40119 962 65 steadily steadily RB 40119 962 66 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 962 67 , , , 40119 962 68 both both DT 40119 962 69 colour colour NN 40119 962 70 sensations sensation NNS 40119 962 71 being be VBG 40119 962 72 referred refer VBN 40119 962 73 to to IN 40119 962 74 localities locality NNS 40119 962 75 adjacent adjacent JJ 40119 962 76 to to IN 40119 962 77 those those DT 40119 962 78 in in IN 40119 962 79 which which WDT 40119 962 80 a a DT 40119 962 81 change change NN 40119 962 82 of of IN 40119 962 83 illumination illumination NN 40119 962 84 has have VBZ 40119 962 85 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 962 86 taken take VBN 40119 962 87 place place NN 40119 962 88 . . . 40119 963 1 Accepting accept VBG 40119 963 2 the the DT 40119 963 3 Young Young NNP 40119 963 4 - - HYPH 40119 963 5 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 40119 963 6 theory theory NN 40119 963 7 of of IN 40119 963 8 colour colour NN 40119 963 9 vision vision NN 40119 963 10 , , , 40119 963 11 the the DT 40119 963 12 effects effect NNS 40119 963 13 must must MD 40119 963 14 , , , 40119 963 15 I -PRON- PRP 40119 963 16 think think VBP 40119 963 17 , , , 40119 963 18 be be VB 40119 963 19 attributed attribute VBN 40119 963 20 to to IN 40119 963 21 a a DT 40119 963 22 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 40119 963 23 affection affection NN 40119 963 24 of of IN 40119 963 25 the the DT 40119 963 26 red red JJ 40119 963 27 nerve nerve NN 40119 963 28 fibres fibre NNS 40119 963 29 . . . 40119 964 1 When when WRB 40119 964 2 the the DT 40119 964 3 various various JJ 40119 964 4 nerve nerve NN 40119 964 5 fibres fibre NNS 40119 964 6 occupying occupy VBG 40119 964 7 a a DT 40119 964 8 limited limited JJ 40119 964 9 portion portion NN 40119 964 10 of of IN 40119 964 11 the the DT 40119 964 12 retina retina NNP 40119 964 13 are be VBP 40119 964 14 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 964 15 stimulated stimulate VBN 40119 964 16 by by IN 40119 964 17 white white JJ 40119 964 18 light light NN 40119 964 19 ( ( -LRB- 40119 964 20 or or CC 40119 964 21 by by IN 40119 964 22 any any DT 40119 964 23 kind kind NN 40119 964 24 of of IN 40119 964 25 light light NN 40119 964 26 which which WDT 40119 964 27 contains contain VBZ 40119 964 28 a a DT 40119 964 29 red red JJ 40119 964 30 constituent constituent NN 40119 964 31 ) ) -RRB- 40119 964 32 the the DT 40119 964 33 immediately immediately RB 40119 964 34 surrounding surround VBG 40119 964 35 red red JJ 40119 964 36 nerve nerve NN 40119 964 37 fibres fibre NNS 40119 964 38 are be VBP 40119 964 39 for for IN 40119 964 40 a a DT 40119 964 41 short short JJ 40119 964 42 period period NN 40119 964 43 excited excite VBN 40119 964 44 sympathetically sympathetically RB 40119 964 45 , , , 40119 964 46 while while IN 40119 964 47 the the DT 40119 964 48 violet violet NN 40119 964 49 and and CC 40119 964 50 green green JJ 40119 964 51 fibres fibre NNS 40119 964 52 are be VBP 40119 964 53 not not RB 40119 964 54 so so RB 40119 964 55 excited excited JJ 40119 964 56 , , , 40119 964 57 or or CC 40119 964 58 in in IN 40119 964 59 a a DT 40119 964 60 much much RB 40119 964 61 less less JJR 40119 964 62 degree degree NN 40119 964 63 . . . 40119 965 1 And and CC 40119 965 2 again again RB 40119 965 3 , , , 40119 965 4 when when WRB 40119 965 5 light light NN 40119 965 6 is be VBZ 40119 965 7 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 965 8 cut cut VBN 40119 965 9 off off RP 40119 965 10 from from IN 40119 965 11 a a DT 40119 965 12 patch patch NN 40119 965 13 in in IN 40119 965 14 a a DT 40119 965 15 bright bright JJ 40119 965 16 field field NN 40119 965 17 , , , 40119 965 18 there there EX 40119 965 19 occurs occur VBZ 40119 965 20 a a DT 40119 965 21 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 40119 965 22 insensitive insensitive JJ 40119 965 23 reaction reaction NN 40119 965 24 in in IN 40119 965 25 the the DT 40119 965 26 red red JJ 40119 965 27 fibres fibre NNS 40119 965 28 just just RB 40119 965 29 outside outside IN 40119 965 30 the the DT 40119 965 31 darkened darken VBN 40119 965 32 patch patch NN 40119 965 33 , , , 40119 965 34 in in IN 40119 965 35 virtue virtue NN 40119 965 36 of of IN 40119 965 37 which which WDT 40119 965 38 they -PRON- PRP 40119 965 39 cease cease VBP 40119 965 40 for for IN 40119 965 41 a a DT 40119 965 42 moment moment NN 40119 965 43 to to TO 40119 965 44 respond respond VB 40119 965 45 to to IN 40119 965 46 the the DT 40119 965 47 luminous luminous JJ 40119 965 48 stimulus stimulus NN 40119 965 49 ; ; : 40119 965 50 the the DT 40119 965 51 green green JJ 40119 965 52 and and CC 40119 965 53 violet violet NN 40119 965 54 fibres fibre NNS 40119 965 55 , , , 40119 965 56 by by IN 40119 965 57 continuing continue VBG 40119 965 58 to to TO 40119 965 59 respond respond VB 40119 965 60 uninterruptedly uninterruptedly RB 40119 965 61 , , , 40119 965 62 give give VB 40119 965 63 rise rise NN 40119 965 64 to to IN 40119 965 65 the the DT 40119 965 66 sensation sensation NN 40119 965 67 of of IN 40119 965 68 a a DT 40119 965 69 blue blue JJ 40119 965 70 border border NN 40119 965 71 . . . 40119 966 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 966 2 is be VBZ 40119 966 3 perhaps perhaps RB 40119 966 4 desirable desirable JJ 40119 966 5 to to TO 40119 966 6 refer refer VB 40119 966 7 briefly briefly RB 40119 966 8 to to IN 40119 966 9 another another DT 40119 966 10 proposed propose VBN 40119 966 11 explanation explanation NN 40119 966 12 of of IN 40119 966 13 the the DT 40119 966 14 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 966 15 , , , 40119 966 16 which which WDT 40119 966 17 occurred occur VBD 40119 966 18 to to IN 40119 966 19 myself -PRON- PRP 40119 966 20 at at IN 40119 966 21 an an DT 40119 966 22 early early JJ 40119 966 23 stage stage NN 40119 966 24 of of IN 40119 966 25 the the DT 40119 966 26 investigation investigation NN 40119 966 27 , , , 40119 966 28 and and CC 40119 966 29 has have VBZ 40119 966 30 since since IN 40119 966 31 been be VBN 40119 966 32 suggested suggest VBN 40119 966 33 by by IN 40119 966 34 many many JJ 40119 966 35 different different JJ 40119 966 36 persons person NNS 40119 966 37 . . . 40119 967 1 The the DT 40119 967 2 explanation explanation NN 40119 967 3 in in IN 40119 967 4 question question NN 40119 967 5 is be VBZ 40119 967 6 of of IN 40119 967 7 a a DT 40119 967 8 purely purely RB 40119 967 9 physical physical JJ 40119 967 10 character character NN 40119 967 11 , , , 40119 967 12 and and CC 40119 967 13 depends depend VBZ 40119 967 14 upon upon IN 40119 967 15 the the DT 40119 967 16 non non JJ 40119 967 17 - - NN 40119 967 18 achromatism achromatism NN 40119 967 19 of of IN 40119 967 20 the the DT 40119 967 21 eye eye NN 40119 967 22 . . . 40119 968 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 968 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 968 3 : : : 40119 968 4 _ _ NNP 40119 968 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 968 6 . . . 40119 969 1 49.--Disk 49.--disk CD 40119 969 2 for for IN 40119 969 3 experiments experiment NNS 40119 969 4 on on IN 40119 969 5 the the DT 40119 969 6 origin origin NN 40119 969 7 of of IN 40119 969 8 Colour Colour NNP 40119 969 9 - - HYPH 40119 969 10 borders border NNS 40119 969 11 . . . 40119 969 12 _ _ NNP 40119 969 13 ] ] -RRB- 40119 969 14 Without without IN 40119 969 15 going go VBG 40119 969 16 into into IN 40119 969 17 details detail NNS 40119 969 18 , , , 40119 969 19 it -PRON- PRP 40119 969 20 will will MD 40119 969 21 suffice suffice VB 40119 969 22 to to TO 40119 969 23 quote quote VB 40119 969 24 a a DT 40119 969 25 single single JJ 40119 969 26 experiment experiment NN 40119 969 27 which which WDT 40119 969 28 is be VBZ 40119 969 29 of of IN 40119 969 30 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 969 31 fatal fatal JJ 40119 969 32 to to IN 40119 969 33 any any DT 40119 969 34 such such JJ 40119 969 35 theory theory NN 40119 969 36 . . . 40119 970 1 Prepare prepare VB 40119 970 2 a a DT 40119 970 3 disk disk NN 40119 970 4 like like IN 40119 970 5 that that DT 40119 970 6 shown show VBN 40119 970 7 in in IN 40119 970 8 Fig Fig NNP 40119 970 9 . . . 40119 971 1 49 49 CD 40119 971 2 , , , 40119 971 3 and and CC 40119 971 4 spin spin VB 40119 971 5 it -PRON- PRP 40119 971 6 above above IN 40119 971 7 a a DT 40119 971 8 page page NN 40119 971 9 of of IN 40119 971 10 printing print VBG 40119 971 11 . . . 40119 972 1 The the DT 40119 972 2 letters letter NNS 40119 972 3 beneath beneath IN 40119 972 4 the the DT 40119 972 5 zone zone NN 40119 972 6 which which WDT 40119 972 7 is be VBZ 40119 972 8 partly partly RB 40119 972 9 black black JJ 40119 972 10 and and CC 40119 972 11 partly partly RB 40119 972 12 white white JJ 40119 972 13 will will MD 40119 972 14 , , , 40119 972 15 under under IN 40119 972 16 the the DT 40119 972 17 usual usual JJ 40119 972 18 conditions condition NNS 40119 972 19 , , , 40119 972 20 turn turn VB 40119 972 21 red red JJ 40119 972 22 , , , 40119 972 23 but but CC 40119 972 24 those those DT 40119 972 25 beneath beneath IN 40119 972 26 the the DT 40119 972 27 remainder remainder NN 40119 972 28 of of IN 40119 972 29 the the DT 40119 972 30 disk disk NN 40119 972 31 will will MD 40119 972 32 retain retain VB 40119 972 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 40119 972 34 blackness blackness NN 40119 972 35 . . . 40119 973 1 The the DT 40119 973 2 demarcation demarcation NN 40119 973 3 is be VBZ 40119 973 4 quite quite RB 40119 973 5 definite definite JJ 40119 973 6 , , , 40119 973 7 and and CC 40119 973 8 a a DT 40119 973 9 single single JJ 40119 973 10 printed print VBN 40119 973 11 word word NN 40119 973 12 may may MD 40119 973 13 be be VB 40119 973 14 made make VBN 40119 973 15 to to TO 40119 973 16 appear appear VB 40119 973 17 red red JJ 40119 973 18 in in IN 40119 973 19 the the DT 40119 973 20 middle middle JJ 40119 973 21 and and CC 40119 973 22 black black JJ 40119 973 23 at at IN 40119 973 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 973 25 two two CD 40119 973 26 ends end NNS 40119 973 27 . . . 40119 974 1 Now now RB 40119 974 2 it -PRON- PRP 40119 974 3 is be VBZ 40119 974 4 , , , 40119 974 5 of of IN 40119 974 6 course course NN 40119 974 7 , , , 40119 974 8 impossible impossible JJ 40119 974 9 that that IN 40119 974 10 the the DT 40119 974 11 lenses lense NNS 40119 974 12 of of IN 40119 974 13 the the DT 40119 974 14 eye eye NN 40119 974 15 should should MD 40119 974 16 be be VB 40119 974 17 perfectly perfectly RB 40119 974 18 accommodated accommodate VBN 40119 974 19 for for IN 40119 974 20 the the DT 40119 974 21 letters letter NNS 40119 974 22 which which WDT 40119 974 23 appear appear VBP 40119 974 24 black black JJ 40119 974 25 , , , 40119 974 26 and and CC 40119 974 27 at at IN 40119 974 28 the the DT 40119 974 29 same same JJ 40119 974 30 time time NN 40119 974 31 seriously seriously RB 40119 974 32 out out IN 40119 974 33 of of IN 40119 974 34 focus focus NN 40119 974 35 for for IN 40119 974 36 the the DT 40119 974 37 others other NNS 40119 974 38 . . . 40119 975 1 This this DT 40119 975 2 explanation explanation NN 40119 975 3 , , , 40119 975 4 therefore therefore RB 40119 975 5 , , , 40119 975 6 simple simple JJ 40119 975 7 and and CC 40119 975 8 obvious obvious JJ 40119 975 9 as as IN 40119 975 10 it -PRON- PRP 40119 975 11 may may MD 40119 975 12 seem seem VB 40119 975 13 , , , 40119 975 14 is be VBZ 40119 975 15 altogether altogether RB 40119 975 16 untenable untenable JJ 40119 975 17 . . . 40119 976 1 Whether whether IN 40119 976 2 or or CC 40119 976 3 not not RB 40119 976 4 the the DT 40119 976 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN 40119 976 6 which which WDT 40119 976 7 I -PRON- PRP 40119 976 8 have have VBP 40119 976 9 suggested suggest VBN 40119 976 10 is be VBZ 40119 976 11 correct correct JJ 40119 976 12 in in IN 40119 976 13 all all DT 40119 976 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 976 15 details detail NNS 40119 976 16 , , , 40119 976 17 it -PRON- PRP 40119 976 18 is be VBZ 40119 976 19 , , , 40119 976 20 I -PRON- PRP 40119 976 21 think think VBP 40119 976 22 , , , 40119 976 23 sufficiently sufficiently RB 40119 976 24 obvious obvious JJ 40119 976 25 that that IN 40119 976 26 the the DT 40119 976 27 red red JJ 40119 976 28 and and CC 40119 976 29 blue blue JJ 40119 976 30 colours colour NNS 40119 976 31 of of IN 40119 976 32 Benham Benham NNP 40119 976 33 's 's POS 40119 976 34 top top NN 40119 976 35 are be VBP 40119 976 36 due due JJ 40119 976 37 to to IN 40119 976 38 exactly exactly RB 40119 976 39 the the DT 40119 976 40 same same JJ 40119 976 41 causes cause NNS 40119 976 42 as as IN 40119 976 43 the the DT 40119 976 44 colours colour NNS 40119 976 45 observed observe VBN 40119 976 46 in in IN 40119 976 47 my -PRON- PRP$ 40119 976 48 own own JJ 40119 976 49 experiments experiment NNS 40119 976 50 , , , 40119 976 51 for for IN 40119 976 52 the the DT 40119 976 53 essential essential JJ 40119 976 54 conditions condition NNS 40119 976 55 are be VBP 40119 976 56 the the DT 40119 976 57 same same JJ 40119 976 58 in in IN 40119 976 59 both both DT 40119 976 60 cases case NNS 40119 976 61 . . . 40119 977 1 The the DT 40119 977 2 last last JJ 40119 977 3 curiosity curiosity NN 40119 977 4 which which WDT 40119 977 5 I -PRON- PRP 40119 977 6 will will MD 40119 977 7 notice notice VB 40119 977 8 is be VBZ 40119 977 9 connected connect VBN 40119 977 10 with with IN 40119 977 11 the the DT 40119 977 12 fact fact NN 40119 977 13 already already RB 40119 977 14 mentioned mention VBN 40119 977 15 , , , 40119 977 16 that that IN 40119 977 17 when when WRB 40119 977 18 the the DT 40119 977 19 illumination illumination NN 40119 977 20 is be VBZ 40119 977 21 strong strong JJ 40119 977 22 , , , 40119 977 23 the the DT 40119 977 24 transient transient JJ 40119 977 25 border border NN 40119 977 26 - - HYPH 40119 977 27 colours colour NNS 40119 977 28 are be VBP 40119 977 29 nearly nearly RB 40119 977 30 reversed reverse VBN 40119 977 31 , , , 40119 977 32 greenish greenish JJ 40119 977 33 - - HYPH 40119 977 34 blue blue JJ 40119 977 35 appearing appear VBG 40119 977 36 in in IN 40119 977 37 place place NN 40119 977 38 of of IN 40119 977 39 red red NN 40119 977 40 , , , 40119 977 41 and and CC 40119 977 42 brick brick NN 40119 977 43 - - HYPH 40119 977 44 red red JJ 40119 977 45 in in IN 40119 977 46 place place NN 40119 977 47 of of IN 40119 977 48 blue blue NNP 40119 977 49 . . . 40119 978 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 978 2 was be VBD 40119 978 3 for for IN 40119 978 4 a a DT 40119 978 5 long long JJ 40119 978 6 time time NN 40119 978 7 quite quite RB 40119 978 8 unable unable JJ 40119 978 9 to to TO 40119 978 10 imagine imagine VB 40119 978 11 any any DT 40119 978 12 reasonably reasonably RB 40119 978 13 probable probable JJ 40119 978 14 explanation explanation NN 40119 978 15 of of IN 40119 978 16 this this DT 40119 978 17 circumstance circumstance NN 40119 978 18 , , , 40119 978 19 but but CC 40119 978 20 a a DT 40119 978 21 clue clue NN 40119 978 22 was be VBD 40119 978 23 finally finally RB 40119 978 24 obtained obtain VBN 40119 978 25 from from IN 40119 978 26 consideration consideration NN 40119 978 27 of of IN 40119 978 28 the the DT 40119 978 29 fact fact NN 40119 978 30 that that IN 40119 978 31 greenish greenish NN 40119 978 32 - - HYPH 40119 978 33 blue blue JJ 40119 978 34 is be VBZ 40119 978 35 the the DT 40119 978 36 complementary complementary JJ 40119 978 37 colour colour NN 40119 978 38 to to IN 40119 978 39 red red NN 40119 978 40 , , , 40119 978 41 and and CC 40119 978 42 in in IN 40119 978 43 a a DT 40119 978 44 subsequent subsequent JJ 40119 978 45 memoir memoir NN 40119 978 46 ( ( -LRB- 40119 978 47 Proc Proc NNP 40119 978 48 . . . 40119 979 1 Roy Roy NNP 40119 979 2 . . . 40119 980 1 Soc Soc NNP 40119 980 2 . . NNP 40119 980 3 , , , 40119 980 4 vol vol NNP 40119 980 5 . . . 40119 981 1 61 61 CD 40119 981 2 , , , 40119 981 3 p. p. NN 40119 981 4 269 269 CD 40119 981 5 ) ) -RRB- 40119 981 6 some some DT 40119 981 7 experiments experiment NNS 40119 981 8 were be VBD 40119 981 9 described describe VBN 40119 981 10 which which WDT 40119 981 11 show show NN 40119 981 12 , , , 40119 981 13 as as IN 40119 981 14 I -PRON- PRP 40119 981 15 believe believe VBP 40119 981 16 conclusively conclusively RB 40119 981 17 , , , 40119 981 18 that that IN 40119 981 19 the the DT 40119 981 20 greenish greenish JJ 40119 981 21 - - HYPH 40119 981 22 blue blue JJ 40119 981 23 borders border NNS 40119 981 24 seen see VBN 40119 981 25 in in IN 40119 981 26 a a DT 40119 981 27 strong strong JJ 40119 981 28 light light NN 40119 981 29 are be VBP 40119 981 30 simply simply RB 40119 981 31 negative negative JJ 40119 981 32 after after IN 40119 981 33 - - HYPH 40119 981 34 images image NNS 40119 981 35 of of IN 40119 981 36 the the DT 40119 981 37 usual usual JJ 40119 981 38 red red JJ 40119 981 39 one one NN 40119 981 40 . . . 40119 982 1 These these DT 40119 982 2 negative negative JJ 40119 982 3 after after IN 40119 982 4 - - HYPH 40119 982 5 images image NNS 40119 982 6 are be VBP 40119 982 7 of of IN 40119 982 8 the the DT 40119 982 9 familiar familiar JJ 40119 982 10 kind kind NN 40119 982 11 that that WDT 40119 982 12 are be VBP 40119 982 13 observed observe VBN 40119 982 14 after after IN 40119 982 15 one one CD 40119 982 16 has have VBZ 40119 982 17 gazed gaze VBN 40119 982 18 for for IN 40119 982 19 some some DT 40119 982 20 time time NN 40119 982 21 at at IN 40119 982 22 a a DT 40119 982 23 bright bright JJ 40119 982 24 coloured coloured JJ 40119 982 25 object object NN 40119 982 26 . . . 40119 983 1 If if IN 40119 983 2 a a DT 40119 983 3 red red JJ 40119 983 4 " " `` 40119 983 5 wafer wafer NN 40119 983 6 " " '' 40119 983 7 lying lie VBG 40119 983 8 upon upon IN 40119 983 9 a a DT 40119 983 10 sheet sheet NN 40119 983 11 of of IN 40119 983 12 white white JJ 40119 983 13 or or CC 40119 983 14 grey grey JJ 40119 983 15 paper paper NN 40119 983 16 is be VBZ 40119 983 17 looked look VBN 40119 983 18 at at IN 40119 983 19 steadily steadily RB 40119 983 20 for for IN 40119 983 21 about about IN 40119 983 22 half half PDT 40119 983 23 a a DT 40119 983 24 minute minute NN 40119 983 25 , , , 40119 983 26 and and CC 40119 983 27 the the DT 40119 983 28 gaze gaze NN 40119 983 29 is be VBZ 40119 983 30 then then RB 40119 983 31 suddenly suddenly RB 40119 983 32 transferred transfer VBN 40119 983 33 to to IN 40119 983 34 some some DT 40119 983 35 other other JJ 40119 983 36 part part NN 40119 983 37 of of IN 40119 983 38 the the DT 40119 983 39 paper paper NN 40119 983 40 , , , 40119 983 41 a a DT 40119 983 42 greenish greenish JJ 40119 983 43 - - HYPH 40119 983 44 blue blue JJ 40119 983 45 ghost ghost NN 40119 983 46 of of IN 40119 983 47 the the DT 40119 983 48 wafer wafer NN 40119 983 49 will will MD 40119 983 50 be be VB 40119 983 51 seen see VBN 40119 983 52 . . . 40119 984 1 The the DT 40119 984 2 portion portion NN 40119 984 3 of of IN 40119 984 4 the the DT 40119 984 5 retina retina NNP 40119 984 6 upon upon IN 40119 984 7 which which WDT 40119 984 8 the the DT 40119 984 9 red red JJ 40119 984 10 image image NN 40119 984 11 at at IN 40119 984 12 first first JJ 40119 984 13 falls falls NNP 40119 984 14 becomes become VBZ 40119 984 15 fatigued fatigued JJ 40119 984 16 and and CC 40119 984 17 partially partially RB 40119 984 18 insensible insensible JJ 40119 984 19 to to IN 40119 984 20 red red JJ 40119 984 21 light light NN 40119 984 22 ; ; : 40119 984 23 it -PRON- PRP 40119 984 24 is be VBZ 40119 984 25 therefore therefore RB 40119 984 26 unable unable JJ 40119 984 27 to to TO 40119 984 28 appreciate appreciate VB 40119 984 29 the the DT 40119 984 30 red red JJ 40119 984 31 component component NN 40119 984 32 of of IN 40119 984 33 the the DT 40119 984 34 white white JJ 40119 984 35 light light NN 40119 984 36 afterwards afterwards RB 40119 984 37 reflected reflect VBN 40119 984 38 to to IN 40119 984 39 it -PRON- PRP 40119 984 40 by by IN 40119 984 41 the the DT 40119 984 42 paper paper NN 40119 984 43 , , , 40119 984 44 and and CC 40119 984 45 the the DT 40119 984 46 sensation sensation NN 40119 984 47 of of IN 40119 984 48 the the DT 40119 984 49 complementary complementary JJ 40119 984 50 colour colour NN 40119 984 51 consequently consequently RB 40119 984 52 predominates predominate VBZ 40119 984 53 ; ; : 40119 984 54 hence hence RB 40119 984 55 the the DT 40119 984 56 greenish greenish JJ 40119 984 57 - - HYPH 40119 984 58 blue blue JJ 40119 984 59 ghost ghost NN 40119 984 60 , , , 40119 984 61 which which WDT 40119 984 62 is be VBZ 40119 984 63 called call VBN 40119 984 64 the the DT 40119 984 65 negative negative JJ 40119 984 66 after after IN 40119 984 67 - - HYPH 40119 984 68 image image NN 40119 984 69 of of IN 40119 984 70 the the DT 40119 984 71 wafer wafer NN 40119 984 72 . . . 40119 985 1 The the DT 40119 985 2 new new JJ 40119 985 3 experiments experiment NNS 40119 985 4 show show VBP 40119 985 5 that that IN 40119 985 6 , , , 40119 985 7 if if IN 40119 985 8 a a DT 40119 985 9 certain certain JJ 40119 985 10 condition condition NN 40119 985 11 is be VBZ 40119 985 12 fulfilled fulfil VBN 40119 985 13 , , , 40119 985 14 the the DT 40119 985 15 usual usual JJ 40119 985 16 prolonged prolong VBN 40119 985 17 stare stare NN 40119 985 18 becomes become VBZ 40119 985 19 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 40119 985 20 , , , 40119 985 21 a a DT 40119 985 22 momentary momentary JJ 40119 985 23 glance glance NN 40119 985 24 sufficing suffice VBG 40119 985 25 to to TO 40119 985 26 produce produce VB 40119 985 27 a a DT 40119 985 28 strong strong JJ 40119 985 29 but but CC 40119 985 30 fugitive fugitive JJ 40119 985 31 after after IN 40119 985 32 - - HYPH 40119 985 33 image image NN 40119 985 34 . . . 40119 986 1 The the DT 40119 986 2 condition condition NN 40119 986 3 is be VBZ 40119 986 4 that that IN 40119 986 5 the the DT 40119 986 6 part part NN 40119 986 7 of of IN 40119 986 8 the the DT 40119 986 9 retina retina NNP 40119 986 10 where where WRB 40119 986 11 the the DT 40119 986 12 image image NN 40119 986 13 is be VBZ 40119 986 14 to to TO 40119 986 15 be be VB 40119 986 16 formed form VBN 40119 986 17 , , , 40119 986 18 shall shall MD 40119 986 19 have have VB 40119 986 20 been be VBN 40119 986 21 darkened darken VBN 40119 986 22 immediately immediately RB 40119 986 23 before before IN 40119 986 24 excitation excitation NN 40119 986 25 by by IN 40119 986 26 the the DT 40119 986 27 bright bright JJ 40119 986 28 object object NN 40119 986 29 . . . 40119 987 1 The the DT 40119 987 2 retinal retinal JJ 40119 987 3 nerves nerve NNS 40119 987 4 , , , 40119 987 5 when when WRB 40119 987 6 in in IN 40119 987 7 darkness darkness NN 40119 987 8 , , , 40119 987 9 rapidly rapidly RB 40119 987 10 acquire acquire VBP 40119 987 11 a a DT 40119 987 12 state state NN 40119 987 13 of of IN 40119 987 14 sensitiveness sensitiveness NN 40119 987 15 far far RB 40119 987 16 exceeding exceed VBG 40119 987 17 the the DT 40119 987 18 normal normal JJ 40119 987 19 average average NN 40119 987 20 in in IN 40119 987 21 the the DT 40119 987 22 light light NN 40119 987 23 , , , 40119 987 24 but but CC 40119 987 25 quickly quickly RB 40119 987 26 diminishing diminish VBG 40119 987 27 again again RB 40119 987 28 under under IN 40119 987 29 the the DT 40119 987 30 influence influence NN 40119 987 31 of of IN 40119 987 32 illumination illumination NN 40119 987 33 . . . 40119 988 1 This this DT 40119 988 2 peculiar peculiar JJ 40119 988 3 sensitiveness sensitiveness NN 40119 988 4 may may MD 40119 988 5 , , , 40119 988 6 indeed indeed RB 40119 988 7 , , , 40119 988 8 be be VB 40119 988 9 both both DT 40119 988 10 gained gain VBN 40119 988 11 and and CC 40119 988 12 lost lose VBN 40119 988 13 in in IN 40119 988 14 a a DT 40119 988 15 small small JJ 40119 988 16 fraction fraction NN 40119 988 17 of of IN 40119 988 18 a a DT 40119 988 19 second second JJ 40119 988 20 , , , 40119 988 21 and and CC 40119 988 22 is be VBZ 40119 988 23 therefore therefore RB 40119 988 24 very very RB 40119 988 25 favourable favourable JJ 40119 988 26 for for IN 40119 988 27 the the DT 40119 988 28 rapid rapid JJ 40119 988 29 generation generation NN 40119 988 30 of of IN 40119 988 31 negative negative JJ 40119 988 32 after after NN 40119 988 33 - - HYPH 40119 988 34 images image NNS 40119 988 35 . . . 40119 989 1 Once once RB 40119 989 2 more more JJR 40119 989 3 making make VBG 40119 989 4 use use NN 40119 989 5 of of IN 40119 989 6 the the DT 40119 989 7 black black JJ 40119 989 8 and and CC 40119 989 9 white white JJ 40119 989 10 screens screen NNS 40119 989 11 depicted depict VBN 40119 989 12 in in IN 40119 989 13 Fig Fig NNP 40119 989 14 . . . 40119 990 1 46 46 CD 40119 990 2 , , , 40119 990 3 let let VB 40119 990 4 the the DT 40119 990 5 black black JJ 40119 990 6 screen screen NN 40119 990 7 first first RB 40119 990 8 cover cover VBP 40119 990 9 the the DT 40119 990 10 paper paper NN 40119 990 11 upon upon IN 40119 990 12 which which WDT 40119 990 13 the the DT 40119 990 14 wafer wafer NN 40119 990 15 is be VBZ 40119 990 16 lying lie VBG 40119 990 17 ; ; : 40119 990 18 this this DT 40119 990 19 will will MD 40119 990 20 darken darken VB 40119 990 21 a a DT 40119 990 22 portion portion NN 40119 990 23 of of IN 40119 990 24 the the DT 40119 990 25 retina retina NNP 40119 990 26 , , , 40119 990 27 and and CC 40119 990 28 render render VB 40119 990 29 it -PRON- PRP 40119 990 30 sensitive sensitive JJ 40119 990 31 . . . 40119 991 1 Then then RB 40119 991 2 let let VB 40119 991 3 the the DT 40119 991 4 screens screen NNS 40119 991 5 be be VB 40119 991 6 quickly quickly RB 40119 991 7 moved move VBN 40119 991 8 sideways sideways RB 40119 991 9 , , , 40119 991 10 so so IN 40119 991 11 that that IN 40119 991 12 the the DT 40119 991 13 wafer wafer NN 40119 991 14 , , , 40119 991 15 after after IN 40119 991 16 having have VBG 40119 991 17 been be VBN 40119 991 18 seen see VBN 40119 991 19 for for IN 40119 991 20 a a DT 40119 991 21 moment moment NN 40119 991 22 through through IN 40119 991 23 the the DT 40119 991 24 opening opening NN 40119 991 25 , , , 40119 991 26 may may MD 40119 991 27 be be VB 40119 991 28 immediately immediately RB 40119 991 29 covered cover VBN 40119 991 30 by by IN 40119 991 31 the the DT 40119 991 32 white white JJ 40119 991 33 screen screen NN 40119 991 34 . . . 40119 992 1 A a DT 40119 992 2 bright bright JJ 40119 992 3 but but CC 40119 992 4 evanescent evanescent JJ 40119 992 5 greenish greenish NN 40119 992 6 - - HYPH 40119 992 7 blue blue JJ 40119 992 8 ghost ghost NN 40119 992 9 will will MD 40119 992 10 succeed succeed VB 40119 992 11 the the DT 40119 992 12 red red JJ 40119 992 13 impression impression NN 40119 992 14 . . . 40119 993 1 But but CC 40119 993 2 the the DT 40119 993 3 most most RBS 40119 993 4 curious curious JJ 40119 993 5 thing thing NN 40119 993 6 is be VBZ 40119 993 7 that that IN 40119 993 8 if if IN 40119 993 9 the the DT 40119 993 10 illumination illumination NN 40119 993 11 is be VBZ 40119 993 12 strong strong JJ 40119 993 13 , , , 40119 993 14 and and CC 40119 993 15 the the DT 40119 993 16 screens screen NNS 40119 993 17 are be VBP 40119 993 18 moved move VBN 40119 993 19 at at IN 40119 993 20 the the DT 40119 993 21 proper proper JJ 40119 993 22 speed speed NN 40119 993 23 , , , 40119 993 24 no no DT 40119 993 25 trace trace NN 40119 993 26 of of IN 40119 993 27 red red NN 40119 993 28 will will MD 40119 993 29 be be VB 40119 993 30 seen see VBN 40119 993 31 at at RB 40119 993 32 all all RB 40119 993 33 ; ; : 40119 993 34 it -PRON- PRP 40119 993 35 will will MD 40119 993 36 appear appear VB 40119 993 37 exactly exactly RB 40119 993 38 as as IN 40119 993 39 if if IN 40119 993 40 the the DT 40119 993 41 actual actual JJ 40119 993 42 colour colour NN 40119 993 43 of of IN 40119 993 44 the the DT 40119 993 45 wafer wafer NN 40119 993 46 seen see VBN 40119 993 47 through through IN 40119 993 48 the the DT 40119 993 49 gap gap NN 40119 993 50 were be VBD 40119 993 51 greenish greenish NN 40119 993 52 - - HYPH 40119 993 53 blue blue JJ 40119 993 54 . . . 40119 994 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 994 2 am be VBP 40119 994 3 informed inform VBN 40119 994 4 that that IN 40119 994 5 analogous analogous JJ 40119 994 6 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 994 7 have have VBP 40119 994 8 been be VBN 40119 994 9 observed observe VBN 40119 994 10 in in IN 40119 994 11 other other JJ 40119 994 12 branches branch NNS 40119 994 13 of of IN 40119 994 14 physiology physiology NN 40119 994 15 ; ; : 40119 994 16 a a DT 40119 994 17 well well RB 40119 994 18 - - HYPH 40119 994 19 defined define VBN 40119 994 20 reaction reaction NN 40119 994 21 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 994 22 occurs occur VBZ 40119 994 23 when when WRB 40119 994 24 no no DT 40119 994 25 direct direct JJ 40119 994 26 evidence evidence NN 40119 994 27 can can MD 40119 994 28 be be VB 40119 994 29 detected detect VBN 40119 994 30 of of IN 40119 994 31 the the DT 40119 994 32 existence existence NN 40119 994 33 of of IN 40119 994 34 the the DT 40119 994 35 excitation excitation NN 40119 994 36 to to TO 40119 994 37 which which WDT 40119 994 38 the the DT 40119 994 39 reaction reaction NN 40119 994 40 must must MD 40119 994 41 be be VB 40119 994 42 due due JJ 40119 994 43 . . . 40119 995 1 As as IN 40119 995 2 in in IN 40119 995 3 the the DT 40119 995 4 former former JJ 40119 995 5 experiments experiment NNS 40119 995 6 , , , 40119 995 7 the the DT 40119 995 8 effect effect NN 40119 995 9 may may MD 40119 995 10 be be VB 40119 995 11 shown show VBN 40119 995 12 continuously continuously RB 40119 995 13 by by IN 40119 995 14 means mean NNS 40119 995 15 of of IN 40119 995 16 a a DT 40119 995 17 rotating rotate VBG 40119 995 18 disk disk NN 40119 995 19 with with IN 40119 995 20 an an DT 40119 995 21 open open JJ 40119 995 22 sector sector NN 40119 995 23 . . . 40119 996 1 The the DT 40119 996 2 annexed annex VBN 40119 996 3 diagram diagram NN 40119 996 4 ( ( -LRB- 40119 996 5 Fig fig NN 40119 996 6 . . . 40119 997 1 50 50 CD 40119 997 2 ) ) -RRB- 40119 997 3 indicates indicate VBZ 40119 997 4 a a DT 40119 997 5 convenient convenient JJ 40119 997 6 apparatus apparatus NN 40119 997 7 for for IN 40119 997 8 the the DT 40119 997 9 purpose purpose NN 40119 997 10 . . . 40119 998 1 The the DT 40119 998 2 disk disk NN 40119 998 3 is be VBZ 40119 998 4 made make VBN 40119 998 5 of of IN 40119 998 6 thin thin JJ 40119 998 7 metal metal NN 40119 998 8 , , , 40119 998 9 and and CC 40119 998 10 properly properly RB 40119 998 11 balanced balanced JJ 40119 998 12 ; ; : 40119 998 13 the the DT 40119 998 14 dark dark JJ 40119 998 15 portion portion NN 40119 998 16 of of IN 40119 998 17 the the DT 40119 998 18 surface surface NN 40119 998 19 is be VBZ 40119 998 20 covered cover VBN 40119 998 21 with with IN 40119 998 22 black black JJ 40119 998 23 velvet velvet NNS 40119 998 24 , , , 40119 998 25 and and CC 40119 998 26 the the DT 40119 998 27 light light JJ 40119 998 28 portion portion NN 40119 998 29 with with IN 40119 998 30 unglazed unglazed JJ 40119 998 31 grey grey NN 40119 998 32 or or CC 40119 998 33 buff buff NNP 40119 998 34 paper paper NN 40119 998 35 . . . 40119 999 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 999 2 should should MD 40119 999 3 turn turn VB 40119 999 4 some some DT 40119 999 5 six six CD 40119 999 6 or or CC 40119 999 7 eight eight CD 40119 999 8 times time NNS 40119 999 9 in in IN 40119 999 10 a a DT 40119 999 11 second second JJ 40119 999 12 , , , 40119 999 13 while while IN 40119 999 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 999 15 front front NN 40119 999 16 is be VBZ 40119 999 17 well well RB 40119 999 18 illuminated illuminate VBN 40119 999 19 either either CC 40119 999 20 by by IN 40119 999 21 bright bright JJ 40119 999 22 diffused diffuse VBN 40119 999 23 daylight daylight NN 40119 999 24 or or CC 40119 999 25 by by IN 40119 999 26 a a DT 40119 999 27 powerful powerful JJ 40119 999 28 lamp lamp NN 40119 999 29 . . . 40119 1000 1 A a DT 40119 1000 2 red red JJ 40119 1000 3 card card NN 40119 1000 4 placed place VBN 40119 1000 5 behind behind IN 40119 1000 6 the the DT 40119 1000 7 rotating rotating NN 40119 1000 8 disk disk NN 40119 1000 9 is be VBZ 40119 1000 10 made make VBN 40119 1000 11 to to TO 40119 1000 12 appear appear VB 40119 1000 13 green green JJ 40119 1000 14 , , , 40119 1000 15 a a DT 40119 1000 16 green green JJ 40119 1000 17 card card NN 40119 1000 18 pink pink NN 40119 1000 19 , , , 40119 1000 20 and and CC 40119 1000 21 a a DT 40119 1000 22 blue blue JJ 40119 1000 23 one one CD 40119 1000 24 yellow yellow NN 40119 1000 25 , , , 40119 1000 26 while while IN 40119 1000 27 a a DT 40119 1000 28 black black JJ 40119 1000 29 patch patch NN 40119 1000 30 painted paint VBN 40119 1000 31 upon upon IN 40119 1000 32 a a DT 40119 1000 33 white white JJ 40119 1000 34 ground ground NN 40119 1000 35 appears appear VBZ 40119 1000 36 lighter light JJR 40119 1000 37 than than IN 40119 1000 38 the the DT 40119 1000 39 ground ground NN 40119 1000 40 itself -PRON- PRP 40119 1000 41 . . . 40119 1001 1 I -PRON- PRP 40119 1001 2 have have VBP 40119 1001 3 prepared prepare VBN 40119 1001 4 some some DT 40119 1001 5 designs design NNS 40119 1001 6 which which WDT 40119 1001 7 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 40119 1001 8 the the DT 40119 1001 9 phenomenon phenomenon NN 40119 1001 10 in in IN 40119 1001 11 a a DT 40119 1001 12 very very RB 40119 1001 13 striking striking JJ 40119 1001 14 manner manner NN 40119 1001 15 . . . 40119 1002 1 One one CD 40119 1002 2 of of IN 40119 1002 3 these these DT 40119 1002 4 is be VBZ 40119 1002 5 a a DT 40119 1002 6 picture picture NN 40119 1002 7 of of IN 40119 1002 8 a a DT 40119 1002 9 lady lady NN 40119 1002 10 with with IN 40119 1002 11 indigo indigo RB 40119 1002 12 - - HYPH 40119 1002 13 blue blue JJ 40119 1002 14 hair hair NN 40119 1002 15 , , , 40119 1002 16 an an DT 40119 1002 17 emerald emerald NN 40119 1002 18 - - HYPH 40119 1002 19 green green JJ 40119 1002 20 face face NN 40119 1002 21 , , , 40119 1002 22 and and CC 40119 1002 23 a a DT 40119 1002 24 scarlet scarlet JJ 40119 1002 25 gown gown NN 40119 1002 26 , , , 40119 1002 27 who who WP 40119 1002 28 is be VBZ 40119 1002 29 represented represent VBN 40119 1002 30 as as IN 40119 1002 31 admiring admire VBG 40119 1002 32 a a DT 40119 1002 33 violet violet NN 40119 1002 34 sunflower sunflower NN 40119 1002 35 with with IN 40119 1002 36 purple purple JJ 40119 1002 37 leaves leave NNS 40119 1002 38 . . . 40119 1003 1 Seen see VBN 40119 1003 2 through through IN 40119 1003 3 the the DT 40119 1003 4 disk disk NN 40119 1003 5 , , , 40119 1003 6 the the DT 40119 1003 7 lady lady NN 40119 1003 8 's 's POS 40119 1003 9 tresses tress NNS 40119 1003 10 appear appear VBP 40119 1003 11 flaxen flaxen JJ 40119 1003 12 , , , 40119 1003 13 her -PRON- PRP$ 40119 1003 14 complexion complexion NN 40119 1003 15 a a DT 40119 1003 16 delicate delicate JJ 40119 1003 17 pink pink NN 40119 1003 18 , , , 40119 1003 19 and and CC 40119 1003 20 her -PRON- PRP$ 40119 1003 21 dress dress VB 40119 1003 22 a a DT 40119 1003 23 light light JJ 40119 1003 24 peacock peacock NN 40119 1003 25 - - HYPH 40119 1003 26 blue blue JJ 40119 1003 27 ; ; : 40119 1003 28 the the DT 40119 1003 29 petals petal NNS 40119 1003 30 of of IN 40119 1003 31 the the DT 40119 1003 32 sunflower sunflower NN 40119 1003 33 also also RB 40119 1003 34 become become VBP 40119 1003 35 yellow yellow JJ 40119 1003 36 , , , 40119 1003 37 and and CC 40119 1003 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 40119 1003 39 foliage foliage NN 40119 1003 40 green green NN 40119 1003 41 . . . 40119 1004 1 Other other JJ 40119 1004 2 designs design NNS 40119 1004 3 show show VBP 40119 1004 4 equally equally RB 40119 1004 5 remarkable remarkable JJ 40119 1004 6 transformations transformation NNS 40119 1004 7 of of IN 40119 1004 8 colour colour NN 40119 1004 9 . . . 40119 1005 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1005 2 Illustration illustration NN 40119 1005 3 : : : 40119 1005 4 _ _ NNP 40119 1005 5 Fig Fig NNP 40119 1005 6 . . . 40119 1006 1 50.--Disk 50.--disk CD 40119 1006 2 for for IN 40119 1006 3 transforming transform VBG 40119 1006 4 Colours Colours NNPS 40119 1006 5 . . . 40119 1006 6 _ _ NNP 40119 1006 7 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1006 8 I -PRON- PRP 40119 1006 9 have have VBP 40119 1006 10 mentioned mention VBN 40119 1006 11 only only RB 40119 1006 12 a a DT 40119 1006 13 few few JJ 40119 1006 14 among among IN 40119 1006 15 many many JJ 40119 1006 16 curious curious JJ 40119 1006 17 phenomena phenomenon NNS 40119 1006 18 which which WDT 40119 1006 19 have have VBP 40119 1006 20 presented present VBN 40119 1006 21 themselves -PRON- PRP 40119 1006 22 in in IN 40119 1006 23 the the DT 40119 1006 24 course course NN 40119 1006 25 of of IN 40119 1006 26 these these DT 40119 1006 27 investigations investigation NNS 40119 1006 28 . . . 40119 1007 1 It -PRON- PRP 40119 1007 2 is be VBZ 40119 1007 3 not not RB 40119 1007 4 improbable improbable JJ 40119 1007 5 that that IN 40119 1007 6 a a DT 40119 1007 7 careful careful JJ 40119 1007 8 study study NN 40119 1007 9 of of IN 40119 1007 10 the the DT 40119 1007 11 subjective subjective JJ 40119 1007 12 effects effect NNS 40119 1007 13 produced produce VBN 40119 1007 14 by by IN 40119 1007 15 intermittent intermittent JJ 40119 1007 16 illumination illumination NN 40119 1007 17 would would MD 40119 1007 18 lead lead VB 40119 1007 19 to to IN 40119 1007 20 results result NNS 40119 1007 21 tending tend VBG 40119 1007 22 to to TO 40119 1007 23 clear clear VB 40119 1007 24 up up RP 40119 1007 25 several several JJ 40119 1007 26 doubtful doubtful JJ 40119 1007 27 points point NNS 40119 1007 28 in in IN 40119 1007 29 the the DT 40119 1007 30 theory theory NN 40119 1007 31 of of IN 40119 1007 32 colour colour NN 40119 1007 33 vision vision NN 40119 1007 34 . . . 40119 1008 1 William William NNP 40119 1008 2 Byles Byles NNP 40119 1008 3 & & CC 40119 1008 4 Sons Sons NNPS 40119 1008 5 , , , 40119 1008 6 Printers Printers NNPS 40119 1008 7 , , , 40119 1008 8 129 129 CD 40119 1008 9 , , , 40119 1008 10 Fleet Fleet NNP 40119 1008 11 Street Street NNP 40119 1008 12 , , , 40119 1008 13 London London NNP 40119 1008 14 , , , 40119 1008 15 and and CC 40119 1008 16 Bradford Bradford NNP 40119 1008 17 . . . 40119 1009 1 FOOTNOTES footnote NNS 40119 1009 2 : : : 40119 1009 3 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1009 4 1 1 CD 40119 1009 5 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1009 6 It -PRON- PRP 40119 1009 7 should should MD 40119 1009 8 be be VB 40119 1009 9 clearly clearly RB 40119 1009 10 understood understand VBN 40119 1009 11 that that IN 40119 1009 12 the the DT 40119 1009 13 length length NN 40119 1009 14 of of IN 40119 1009 15 each each DT 40119 1009 16 wave wave NN 40119 1009 17 of of IN 40119 1009 18 a a DT 40119 1009 19 series series NN 40119 1009 20 is be VBZ 40119 1009 21 measured measure VBN 40119 1009 22 by by IN 40119 1009 23 the the DT 40119 1009 24 distance distance NN 40119 1009 25 between between IN 40119 1009 26 the the DT 40119 1009 27 crests crest NNS 40119 1009 28 of of IN 40119 1009 29 two two CD 40119 1009 30 successive successive JJ 40119 1009 31 waves wave NNS 40119 1009 32 . . . 40119 1010 1 The the DT 40119 1010 2 length length NN 40119 1010 3 of of IN 40119 1010 4 water water NN 40119 1010 5 - - HYPH 40119 1010 6 waves wave NNS 40119 1010 7 which which WDT 40119 1010 8 break break VBP 40119 1010 9 upon upon IN 40119 1010 10 a a DT 40119 1010 11 sea sea NN 40119 1010 12 shore shore NN 40119 1010 13 is be VBZ 40119 1010 14 not not RB 40119 1010 15 the the DT 40119 1010 16 length length NN 40119 1010 17 along along IN 40119 1010 18 the the DT 40119 1010 19 crest crest NN 40119 1010 20 of of IN 40119 1010 21 a a DT 40119 1010 22 single single JJ 40119 1010 23 wave wave NN 40119 1010 24 measured measure VBN 40119 1010 25 in in IN 40119 1010 26 a a DT 40119 1010 27 direction direction NN 40119 1010 28 parallel parallel JJ 40119 1010 29 to to IN 40119 1010 30 the the DT 40119 1010 31 shore shore NN 40119 1010 32 , , , 40119 1010 33 as as IN 40119 1010 34 the the DT 40119 1010 35 uninitiated uninitiated JJ 40119 1010 36 are be VBP 40119 1010 37 apt apt JJ 40119 1010 38 to to TO 40119 1010 39 suppose suppose VB 40119 1010 40 . . . 40119 1011 1 The the DT 40119 1011 2 true true JJ 40119 1011 3 wave wave NN 40119 1011 4 - - HYPH 40119 1011 5 length length NN 40119 1011 6 , , , 40119 1011 7 or or CC 40119 1011 8 distance distance NN 40119 1011 9 from from IN 40119 1011 10 crest crest NN 40119 1011 11 to to IN 40119 1011 12 crest crest NN 40119 1011 13 of of IN 40119 1011 14 successive successive JJ 40119 1011 15 waves wave NNS 40119 1011 16 , , , 40119 1011 17 can can MD 40119 1011 18 be be VB 40119 1011 19 well well RB 40119 1011 20 observed observe VBN 40119 1011 21 from from IN 40119 1011 22 the the DT 40119 1011 23 top top NN 40119 1011 24 of of IN 40119 1011 25 a a DT 40119 1011 26 cliff cliff NN 40119 1011 27 . . . 40119 1012 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1012 2 2 2 LS 40119 1012 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1012 4 In in IN 40119 1012 5 practice practice NN 40119 1012 6 , , , 40119 1012 7 wave wave NN 40119 1012 8 - - HYPH 40119 1012 9 lengths length NNS 40119 1012 10 are be VBP 40119 1012 11 expressed express VBN 40119 1012 12 in in IN 40119 1012 13 ten ten CD 40119 1012 14 - - HYPH 40119 1012 15 millionths millionth NNS 40119 1012 16 of of IN 40119 1012 17 a a DT 40119 1012 18 millimetre millimetre NN 40119 1012 19 . . . 40119 1013 1 The the DT 40119 1013 2 wave wave NN 40119 1013 3 - - HYPH 40119 1013 4 lengths length NNS 40119 1013 5 of of IN 40119 1013 6 the the DT 40119 1013 7 lines line NNS 40119 1013 8 A A NNP 40119 1013 9 and and CC 40119 1013 10 H h NN 40119 1013 11 of of IN 40119 1013 12 the the DT 40119 1013 13 solar solar JJ 40119 1013 14 spectrum spectrum NN 40119 1013 15 , , , 40119 1013 16 which which WDT 40119 1013 17 approximately approximately RB 40119 1013 18 coincide coincide VBP 40119 1013 19 with with IN 40119 1013 20 the the DT 40119 1013 21 limits limit NNS 40119 1013 22 of of IN 40119 1013 23 visibility visibility NN 40119 1013 24 , , , 40119 1013 25 are be VBP 40119 1013 26 7594 7594 CD 40119 1013 27 and and CC 40119 1013 28 3968 3968 CD 40119 1013 29 ten ten CD 40119 1013 30 - - HYPH 40119 1013 31 millionths millionth NNS 40119 1013 32 of of IN 40119 1013 33 a a DT 40119 1013 34 millimetre millimetre NN 40119 1013 35 . . . 40119 1014 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1014 2 3 3 LS 40119 1014 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1014 4 Possibly possibly RB 40119 1014 5 the the DT 40119 1014 6 human human JJ 40119 1014 7 eye eye NN 40119 1014 8 is be VBZ 40119 1014 9 at at IN 40119 1014 10 present present JJ 40119 1014 11 in in IN 40119 1014 12 process process NN 40119 1014 13 of of IN 40119 1014 14 transformation transformation NN 40119 1014 15 from from IN 40119 1014 16 an an DT 40119 1014 17 inferior inferior JJ 40119 1014 18 type type NN 40119 1014 19 to to IN 40119 1014 20 a a DT 40119 1014 21 different different JJ 40119 1014 22 and and CC 40119 1014 23 more more RBR 40119 1014 24 perfect perfect JJ 40119 1014 25 one one CD 40119 1014 26 . . . 40119 1015 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1015 2 4 4 CD 40119 1015 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1015 4 It -PRON- PRP 40119 1015 5 is be VBZ 40119 1015 6 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 1015 7 necessary necessary JJ 40119 1015 8 to to TO 40119 1015 9 place place VB 40119 1015 10 the the DT 40119 1015 11 lens lens NN 40119 1015 12 I -PRON- PRP 40119 1015 13 on on IN 40119 1015 14 the the DT 40119 1015 15 other other JJ 40119 1015 16 side side NN 40119 1015 17 of of IN 40119 1015 18 K. K. NNP 40119 1015 19 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1015 20 5 5 CD 40119 1015 21 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1015 22 It -PRON- PRP 40119 1015 23 is be VBZ 40119 1015 24 easy easy JJ 40119 1015 25 to to TO 40119 1015 26 find find VB 40119 1015 27 specimens specimen NNS 40119 1015 28 of of IN 40119 1015 29 red red JJ 40119 1015 30 and and CC 40119 1015 31 green green JJ 40119 1015 32 glass glass NN 40119 1015 33 suitable suitable JJ 40119 1015 34 for for IN 40119 1015 35 this this DT 40119 1015 36 experiment experiment NN 40119 1015 37 . . . 40119 1016 1 The the DT 40119 1016 2 proper proper JJ 40119 1016 3 kind kind NN 40119 1016 4 of of IN 40119 1016 5 purple purple NN 40119 1016 6 is be VBZ 40119 1016 7 not not RB 40119 1016 8 so so RB 40119 1016 9 commonly commonly RB 40119 1016 10 met meet VBN 40119 1016 11 with with IN 40119 1016 12 . . . 40119 1017 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1017 2 6 6 CD 40119 1017 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1017 4 Some some DT 40119 1017 5 recent recent JJ 40119 1017 6 experiments experiment NNS 40119 1017 7 on on IN 40119 1017 8 artificial artificial JJ 40119 1017 9 colour colour NN 40119 1017 10 - - HYPH 40119 1017 11 blindness blindness NN 40119 1017 12 ( ( -LRB- 40119 1017 13 Proc Proc NNP 40119 1017 14 . . . 40119 1018 1 Roy Roy NNP 40119 1018 2 . . . 40119 1019 1 Soc Soc NNP 40119 1019 2 . . NNP 40119 1019 3 , , , 40119 1019 4 Feb. February NNP 40119 1019 5 , , , 40119 1019 6 1898 1898 CD 40119 1019 7 ) ) -RRB- 40119 1019 8 have have VBP 40119 1019 9 led lead VBN 40119 1019 10 Mr. Mr. NNP 40119 1019 11 Burch Burch NNP 40119 1019 12 to to IN 40119 1019 13 the the DT 40119 1019 14 conclusion conclusion NN 40119 1019 15 that that IN 40119 1019 16 there there EX 40119 1019 17 are be VBP 40119 1019 18 really really RB 40119 1019 19 _ _ NNP 40119 1019 20 four four CD 40119 1019 21 _ _ NNP 40119 1019 22 fundamental fundamental JJ 40119 1019 23 colour colour NN 40119 1019 24 - - HYPH 40119 1019 25 sensations sensation NNS 40119 1019 26 -- -- : 40119 1019 27 a a DT 40119 1019 28 red red NN 40119 1019 29 , , , 40119 1019 30 a a DT 40119 1019 31 green green NN 40119 1019 32 , , , 40119 1019 33 a a DT 40119 1019 34 blue blue NN 40119 1019 35 , , , 40119 1019 36 and and CC 40119 1019 37 a a DT 40119 1019 38 violet violet NN 40119 1019 39 . . . 40119 1020 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 40119 1020 2 results result NNS 40119 1020 3 are be VBP 40119 1020 4 , , , 40119 1020 5 however however RB 40119 1020 6 , , , 40119 1020 7 thought think VBD 40119 1020 8 to to TO 40119 1020 9 be be VB 40119 1020 10 capable capable JJ 40119 1020 11 of of IN 40119 1020 12 a a DT 40119 1020 13 different different JJ 40119 1020 14 interpretation interpretation NN 40119 1020 15 . . . 40119 1021 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1021 2 7 7 CD 40119 1021 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1021 4 Or or CC 40119 1021 5 through through IN 40119 1021 6 several several JJ 40119 1021 7 pieces piece NNS 40119 1021 8 superposed superpose VBN 40119 1021 9 . . . 40119 1022 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1022 2 8 8 LS 40119 1022 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1022 4 A a DT 40119 1022 5 violet violet NN 40119 1022 6 - - HYPH 40119 1022 7 coloured coloured JJ 40119 1022 8 haze haze NN 40119 1022 9 may may MD 40119 1022 10 sometimes sometimes RB 40119 1022 11 be be VB 40119 1022 12 actually actually RB 40119 1022 13 seen see VBN 40119 1022 14 around around IN 40119 1022 15 the the DT 40119 1022 16 opal opal JJ 40119 1022 17 globes globe NNS 40119 1022 18 of of IN 40119 1022 19 the the DT 40119 1022 20 electric electric JJ 40119 1022 21 lamps lamp NNS 40119 1022 22 in in IN 40119 1022 23 the the DT 40119 1022 24 streets street NNS 40119 1022 25 . . . 40119 1023 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1023 2 9 9 CD 40119 1023 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1023 4 A a DT 40119 1023 5 " " `` 40119 1023 6 focus focus NN 40119 1023 7 " " '' 40119 1023 8 electric electric JJ 40119 1023 9 lamp lamp NN 40119 1023 10 was be VBD 40119 1023 11 used use VBN 40119 1023 12 in in IN 40119 1023 13 the the DT 40119 1023 14 lantern lantern NN 40119 1023 15 . . . 40119 1024 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1024 2 10 10 CD 40119 1024 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1024 4 Proc Proc NNP 40119 1024 5 . . . 40119 1025 1 Roy Roy NNP 40119 1025 2 . . . 40119 1026 1 Soc Soc NNP 40119 1026 2 . . NNP 40119 1026 3 , , , 40119 1026 4 Jan. January NNP 40119 1026 5 , , , 40119 1026 6 1899 1899 CD 40119 1026 7 . . . 40119 1027 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1027 2 11 11 CD 40119 1027 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1027 4 After after IN 40119 1027 5 a a DT 40119 1027 6 few few JJ 40119 1027 7 seconds second NNS 40119 1027 8 ' ' POS 40119 1027 9 observation observation NN 40119 1027 10 the the DT 40119 1027 11 greenish greenish NN 40119 1027 12 - - HYPH 40119 1027 13 blue blue JJ 40119 1027 14 colour colour NN 40119 1027 15 often often RB 40119 1027 16 becomes become VBZ 40119 1027 17 much much RB 40119 1027 18 more more RBR 40119 1027 19 intense intense JJ 40119 1027 20 , , , 40119 1027 21 but but CC 40119 1027 22 this this DT 40119 1027 23 is be VBZ 40119 1027 24 an an DT 40119 1027 25 effect effect NN 40119 1027 26 of of IN 40119 1027 27 fatigue fatigue NN 40119 1027 28 , , , 40119 1027 29 with with IN 40119 1027 30 which which WDT 40119 1027 31 we -PRON- PRP 40119 1027 32 are be VBP 40119 1027 33 not not RB 40119 1027 34 at at IN 40119 1027 35 present present JJ 40119 1027 36 concerned concern VBN 40119 1027 37 . . . 40119 1028 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1028 2 12 12 CD 40119 1028 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1028 4 See see VB 40119 1028 5 _ _ NNP 40119 1028 6 Nature Nature NNP 40119 1028 7 _ _ NNP 40119 1028 8 , , , 40119 1028 9 vol vol NNP 40119 1028 10 . . . 40119 1029 1 55 55 CD 40119 1029 2 , , , 40119 1029 3 p. p. NN 40119 1029 4 367 367 CD 40119 1029 5 ( ( -LRB- 40119 1029 6 Feb. February NNP 40119 1029 7 18th 18th NN 40119 1029 8 , , , 40119 1029 9 1897 1897 CD 40119 1029 10 ) ) -RRB- 40119 1029 11 . . . 40119 1030 1 [ [ -LRB- 40119 1030 2 13 13 CD 40119 1030 3 ] ] -RRB- 40119 1030 4 Or or CC 40119 1030 5 , , , 40119 1030 6 for for IN 40119 1030 7 best good JJS 40119 1030 8 results result NNS 40119 1030 9 , , , 40119 1030 10 use use VB 40119 1030 11 a a DT 40119 1030 12 balanced balanced JJ 40119 1030 13 metal metal NN 40119 1030 14 disk disk NN 40119 1030 15 covered cover VBN 40119 1030 16 with with IN 40119 1030 17 black black JJ 40119 1030 18 velvet velvet NN 40119 1030 19 and and CC 40119 1030 20 white white JJ 40119 1030 21 paper paper NN 40119 1030 22 . . .