TJkEAMERICA5 
A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History 

V o l u m e X J A N U A R Y , 1 9 5 4 Number 3 

T H E DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION O F T H E NICARAGUAN T R A N S -

I S T H M I A N R O U T E , 1519-1545 Lyle N. McAlister 259 

SILVIO R O M E R O AND T H E E V O L U T I O N OF LITERARY C R I T I C I S M I N 

B R A Z I L Alceu Amoroso Lima 277 

A FRANCISCAN F I G H T E R FOR S O U T H A M E R I C A N I N D E P E N D E N C E : 

F R A Y L U I S B E L T R A N Fritz L. Hoffmann 289 

J U A N D I A Z COVARRUBIAS: M E X I C O ' S M A R T Y R - N O V E L I S T 

/ . S. Brushwood 301 

S U R V E Y 
A T E N T A T I V E BIBLIOGRAPHY OF T H E S P A N I S H - L A N G U A G E 

P R E S S I N LOUISIANA, 1808-1871 .Raymond R. MacCurdy 307 

D O C U M E N T S 
A F R E N C H T R A V E L E R I N M E X I C O I N 1768: T H E J O U R N E Y O F 

T H E V I C O M T E DE PAGES ( E d . ) Edwin A. Davis 331 

I N T E R - A M E R I C A N N O T E S 
SESQUICENTENNIAL OF T H E C R E A T I O N OF T H E H A I T I A N 

N A T I O N A L FLAG Joseph F. Thorning 353 

T w o N E W R E V I E W S OF I N T E R - A M E R I C A N I N T E R E S T 354 

CHICAGO C U L T U R A L C E N T E R S B E G I N P H I L I P P I N E STUDIES 

PROGRAM 354 

F O U R T H A N N U A L C O N F E R E N C E ON T H E CARIBBEAN 355 

C H R I S T O P H E R C O L U M B U S AND A X A C A N A W A R D S P R E S E N T E D . . 356 

M U S E U M O F INTERNATIONAL F O L K A R T DEDICATED I N 

SANTA F E 356 

SERRA A W A R D OF T H E A M E R I C A S C O N F E R R E D ON C L A R E N C E 

H . H A R I N G 357 

M I S C E L L A N E A 357 

B O O K R E V I E W S 359 

ACADEMY OF AMERICAN FRANCISCAN HISTORY 
The contents of T H E AMERICAS are fully indexed in the 

Catholic Periodical Index 



EDITORIAL STAFF 
FRANCIS B. STECK, O.F.M., Ph.D., 

Q u i n c y College. 

MAYNARD GEIGER, O.F.M., Ph.D., 

Mission Archivist, Santa Barbara, 
California. 

LAZARO LAMADRIO, O.F.M., Lic.Hist., 

W a s h i n g t o n , D . C. 

FIDEL CHAUVET, O.F.M., Ph.D., 

Mexico City, D . F . 

L I N O G . CANEDO, O.F.M., Ph.D., 

Washington, D . C. 

MICHAEL B. MCCLOSKEY, O.F.M., P h . D . 

Siena College. 

Assistant Managing Editor Acting Managing Editor, ad interim 

BEDE A . D A U P H I N E E , O.F.M., M.A., MICHAEL B. MCCLOSKEY, O.F.M., Ph.D. 

A c a d e m y of American Franciscan H i s t o r y . 

ADVISORY EDITORS 
GEORGE P . H A M M O N D , P h . D . 

University of California. 

ROBERT S. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D., 

Carnegie Institution of W a s h i n g t o n . 

CARLOS E . CASTANEDA, Ph.D., 

University of Texas. 

J O H N T A T E L A N N I N G , Ph.D., 

D u k e University. 

J. M A N U E L ESPINOSA, Ph.D., 

D e p a r t m e n t of State, W a s h i n g t o n , D . C 

FRANCE V . SCHOLES, Ph.D., 

University of N e w Mexico. 

DAVID R U B I O , O.S.A., Ph.D., 

Madrid, Spain. 

ENRIQUE CARLOS DE LA CASA, Ph.D., 

Secretary of t h e Inter-American Institute. 

M A N O E L CARDOZO, Ph.D., 

Oliveira Lima Library, 

Catholic University of America. 

RICHARD F . PATTEE, 

N a t i o n a l Catholic W e l f a r e Conference. 

L E W I S H A N K E , Ph.D., 

University of Texas. 

IRENE A . W R I G H T , F.R.H.S., 

D e p a r t m e n t of State, W a s h i n g t o n , D . C. 

L E O FRANCIS STOCK, Ph.D., 

Carnegie Institution of W a s h i n g t o n . 

R U T H L A P H A M BUTLER, Ph.D., 

N e w b e r r y L i b r a r y , Chicago. 

MARIE R. MADDEN, Ph.D., 

T e a c h e r s ' Institute of Brooklyn. 

ROSCOE R. H I L L , Ph.D., 

National Archives ( r e t i r e d ) . 
JOSEPH F . T H O R N I N G , Ph.D., 

Carrollton M a n o r , M d . 

W I L L I A M F . MONTAVON, LL.D., 

Director, Legal D e p a r t m e n t , National 

Catholic W e l f a r e Conference. 

H E N R Y GRATTAN D O Y L E , L i t t £ ) . , 

Dean, G e o r g e W a s h i n g t o n University. 

W . E U G E N E SHIELS, S.J., Ph.D., 

Xavier University, Cincinnati, O . 

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