id sid tid token lemma pos 34457 1 1 Note note NN 34457 1 2 : : : 34457 1 3 Project Project NNP 34457 1 4 Gutenberg Gutenberg NNP 34457 1 5 also also RB 34457 1 6 has have VBZ 34457 1 7 an an DT 34457 1 8 HTML html NN 34457 1 9 version version NN 34457 1 10 of of IN 34457 1 11 this this DT 34457 1 12 file file NN 34457 1 13 which which WDT 34457 1 14 includes include VBZ 34457 1 15 the the DT 34457 1 16 original original JJ 34457 1 17 illustrations illustration NNS 34457 1 18 . . . 34457 2 1 See see VB 34457 2 2 34457-h.htm 34457-h.htm CD 34457 2 3 or or CC 34457 2 4 34457-h.zip 34457-h.zip CD 34457 2 5 : : : 34457 2 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2 7 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34457/34457-h/34457-h.htm http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34457/34457-h/34457-h.htm VB 34457 2 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2 9 or or CC 34457 2 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2 11 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34457/34457-h.zip http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34457/34457-h.zip NNP 34457 2 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2 13 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34457 2 14 's 's POS 34457 2 15 note note NN 34457 2 16 : : : 34457 2 17 Page page NN 34457 2 18 numbers number NNS 34457 2 19 enclosed enclose VBN 34457 2 20 by by IN 34457 2 21 curly curly RB 34457 2 22 braces brace NNS 34457 2 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2 24 example example NN 34457 2 25 : : : 34457 2 26 { { -LRB- 34457 2 27 25 25 CD 34457 2 28 } } -RRB- 34457 2 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2 30 have have VBP 34457 2 31 been be VBN 34457 2 32 incorporated incorporate VBN 34457 2 33 to to TO 34457 2 34 facilitate facilitate VB 34457 2 35 the the DT 34457 2 36 use use NN 34457 2 37 of of IN 34457 2 38 the the DT 34457 2 39 Table Table NNP 34457 2 40 of of IN 34457 2 41 Contents Contents NNPS 34457 2 42 . . . 34457 3 1 In in IN 34457 3 2 chemical chemical NN 34457 3 3 formulas formula VBZ 34457 3 4 an an DT 34457 3 5 underscore underscore NN 34457 3 6 is be VBZ 34457 3 7 used use VBN 34457 3 8 to to TO 34457 3 9 indicate indicate VB 34457 3 10 that that IN 34457 3 11 the the DT 34457 3 12 following follow VBG 34457 3 13 number number NN 34457 3 14 enclosed enclose VBN 34457 3 15 by by IN 34457 3 16 curly curly RB 34457 3 17 braces brace NNS 34457 3 18 is be VBZ 34457 3 19 a a DT 34457 3 20 subscript subscript NN 34457 3 21 . . . 34457 4 1 For for IN 34457 4 2 example example NN 34457 4 3 , , , 34457 4 4 the the DT 34457 4 5 formula formula NN 34457 4 6 of of IN 34457 4 7 water water NN 34457 4 8 is be VBZ 34457 4 9 indicated indicate VBN 34457 4 10 by by IN 34457 4 11 H_{2}O. H_{2}O. NNP 34457 5 1 A a DT 34457 5 2 carat carat JJ 34457 5 3 character character NN 34457 5 4 followed follow VBN 34457 5 5 by by IN 34457 5 6 a a DT 34457 5 7 number number NN 34457 5 8 enclosed enclose VBN 34457 5 9 by by IN 34457 5 10 curly curly RB 34457 5 11 braces brace NNS 34457 5 12 indicate indicate VBP 34457 5 13 an an DT 34457 5 14 exponent exponent NN 34457 5 15 . . . 34457 6 1 For for IN 34457 6 2 example example NN 34457 6 3 , , , 34457 6 4 ten ten CD 34457 6 5 raised raise VBD 34457 6 6 to to IN 34457 6 7 the the DT 34457 6 8 minus minus NNP 34457 6 9 7th 7th JJ 34457 6 10 power power NN 34457 6 11 is be VBZ 34457 6 12 indicated indicate VBN 34457 6 13 by by IN 34457 6 14 10^{-7 10^{-7 CD 34457 6 15 } } -RRB- 34457 6 16 . . . 34457 7 1 A a DT 34457 7 2 few few JJ 34457 7 3 typographical typographical JJ 34457 7 4 errors error NNS 34457 7 5 have have VBP 34457 7 6 been be VBN 34457 7 7 corrected correct VBN 34457 7 8 and and CC 34457 7 9 are be VBP 34457 7 10 listed list VBN 34457 7 11 at at IN 34457 7 12 the the DT 34457 7 13 end end NN 34457 7 14 of of IN 34457 7 15 the the DT 34457 7 16 text text NN 34457 7 17 . . . 34457 8 1 THE the DT 34457 8 2 PHASE phase NN 34457 8 3 RULE rule NN 34457 8 4 AND and CC 34457 8 5 ITS its PRP$ 34457 8 6 APPLICATIONS application NNS 34457 8 7 by by IN 34457 8 8 ALEX ALEX NNP 34457 8 9 . . . 34457 9 1 FINDLAY FINDLAY NNP 34457 9 2 , , , 34457 9 3 M.A. M.A. NNP 34457 9 4 , , , 34457 9 5 PH.D. PH.D. NNP 34457 9 6 , , , 34457 9 7 D.SC D.SC NNP 34457 9 8 . . . 34457 10 1 * * NFP 34457 10 2 * * NFP 34457 10 3 * * NFP 34457 10 4 * * NFP 34457 10 5 * * NFP 34457 10 6 TEXT text NN 34457 10 7 - - HYPH 34457 10 8 BOOKS books NN 34457 10 9 OF of IN 34457 10 10 PHYSICAL physical NN 34457 10 11 CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY NNP 34457 10 12 . . . 34457 11 1 EDITED edit VBN 34457 11 2 BY by IN 34457 11 3 SIR SIR NNP 34457 11 4 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 34457 11 5 RAMSAY RAMSAY NNP 34457 11 6 , , , 34457 11 7 K.C.B. K.C.B. NNP 34457 11 8 , , , 34457 11 9 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 34457 11 10 , , , 34457 11 11 D.SC D.SC NNP 34457 11 12 . . . 34457 12 1 * * NFP 34457 12 2 * * NFP 34457 12 3 * * NFP 34457 12 4 * * NFP 34457 12 5 * * NFP 34457 12 6 STOICHIOMETRY STOICHIOMETRY NNS 34457 12 7 . . . 34457 13 1 By by IN 34457 13 2 SYDNEY SYDNEY NNP 34457 13 3 YOUNG YOUNG NNP 34457 13 4 , , , 34457 13 5 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 13 6 . . NNP 34457 13 7 , , , 34457 13 8 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 34457 13 9 , , , 34457 13 10 Professor Professor NNP 34457 13 11 of of IN 34457 13 12 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 13 13 in in IN 34457 13 14 the the DT 34457 13 15 University University NNP 34457 13 16 of of IN 34457 13 17 Dublin Dublin NNP 34457 13 18 ; ; : 34457 13 19 together together RB 34457 13 20 with with IN 34457 13 21 an an DT 34457 13 22 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 34457 13 23 TO to IN 34457 13 24 THE the DT 34457 13 25 STUDY STUDY NNP 34457 13 26 OF of IN 34457 13 27 PHYSICAL physical NN 34457 13 28 CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY NNP 34457 13 29 by by IN 34457 13 30 Sir Sir NNP 34457 13 31 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 34457 13 32 RAMSAY RAMSAY NNP 34457 13 33 , , , 34457 13 34 K.C.B. K.C.B. NNP 34457 13 35 , , , 34457 13 36 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 34457 13 37 , , , 34457 13 38 Editor Editor NNP 34457 13 39 of of IN 34457 13 40 the the DT 34457 13 41 Series Series NNP 34457 13 42 . . . 34457 14 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 14 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 14 3 . . . 34457 15 1 7s 7s JJ 34457 15 2 . . . 34457 16 1 6d 6d NNP 34457 16 2 . . . 34457 17 1 AN an DT 34457 17 2 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 34457 17 3 TO to IN 34457 17 4 THE the DT 34457 17 5 STUDY STUDY NNP 34457 17 6 OF of IN 34457 17 7 PHYSICAL physical NN 34457 17 8 CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY NNP 34457 17 9 . . . 34457 18 1 Being be VBG 34457 18 2 a a DT 34457 18 3 General General NNP 34457 18 4 Introduction Introduction NNP 34457 18 5 to to IN 34457 18 6 the the DT 34457 18 7 Series Series NNP 34457 18 8 by by IN 34457 18 9 Sir Sir NNP 34457 18 10 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 34457 18 11 RAMSAY RAMSAY NNP 34457 18 12 , , , 34457 18 13 K.C.B. K.C.B. NNP 34457 18 14 , , , 34457 18 15 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 34457 18 16 , , , 34457 18 17 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 18 18 . . . 34457 19 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 19 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 19 3 . . . 34457 20 1 1s 1 NNS 34457 20 2 . . . 34457 21 1 net net NNP 34457 21 2 . . . 34457 22 1 CHEMICAL CHEMICAL NNP 34457 22 2 STATICS STATICS NNP 34457 22 3 AND and CC 34457 22 4 DYNAMICS dynamic NNS 34457 22 5 , , , 34457 22 6 including include VBG 34457 22 7 THE the DT 34457 22 8 THEORIES theory NNS 34457 22 9 OF of IN 34457 22 10 CHEMICAL chemical NN 34457 22 11 CHANGE CHANGE NNS 34457 22 12 , , , 34457 22 13 CATALYSIS catalysi NNS 34457 22 14 AND and CC 34457 22 15 EXPLOSIONS EXPLOSIONS NNP 34457 22 16 . . . 34457 23 1 BY BY NNP 34457 23 2 J. J. NNP 34457 23 3 W. W. NNP 34457 23 4 MELLOR MELLOR NNP 34457 23 5 , , , 34457 23 6 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 23 7 . . . 34457 24 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 24 2 N.Z. N.Z. NNP 34457 25 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 25 2 , , , 34457 25 3 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 34457 25 4 . . . 34457 26 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 26 2 Vict Vict NNP 34457 26 3 . . . 34457 26 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 27 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 27 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 27 3 . . . 34457 28 1 7s 7s JJ 34457 28 2 . . . 34457 29 1 6d 6d NNP 34457 29 2 . . . 34457 30 1 THE the DT 34457 30 2 PHASE phase NN 34457 30 3 RULE rule NN 34457 30 4 AND and CC 34457 30 5 ITS its PRP$ 34457 30 6 APPLICATIONS applications NN 34457 30 7 . . . 34457 31 1 By by IN 34457 31 2 ALEX ALEX NNP 34457 31 3 . . . 34457 32 1 FINDLAY FINDLAY NNP 34457 32 2 , , , 34457 32 3 M.A. M.A. NNP 34457 32 4 , , , 34457 32 5 Ph.D. Ph.D. NNP 34457 32 6 , , , 34457 32 7 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 32 8 . . NNP 34457 32 9 , , , 34457 32 10 Lecturer Lecturer NNP 34457 32 11 and and CC 34457 32 12 Demonstrator Demonstrator NNP 34457 32 13 in in IN 34457 32 14 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 32 15 , , , 34457 32 16 University University NNP 34457 32 17 of of IN 34457 32 18 Birmingham Birmingham NNP 34457 32 19 . . . 34457 33 1 With with IN 34457 33 2 134 134 CD 34457 33 3 Figures figure NNS 34457 33 4 in in IN 34457 33 5 the the DT 34457 33 6 Text Text NNP 34457 33 7 . . . 34457 34 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 34 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 34 3 . . . 34457 35 1 5s 5s LS 34457 35 2 . . . 34457 36 1 SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPY NNP 34457 36 2 . . . 34457 37 1 By by IN 34457 37 2 E. E. NNP 34457 37 3 C. C. NNP 34457 37 4 C. C. NNP 34457 37 5 BALY BALY NNP 34457 37 6 , , , 34457 37 7 F.I.C. F.I.C. NNP 34457 37 8 , , , 34457 37 9 Lecturer Lecturer NNP 34457 37 10 on on IN 34457 37 11 Spectroscopy Spectroscopy NNP 34457 37 12 and and CC 34457 37 13 Assistant Assistant NNP 34457 37 14 Professor Professor NNP 34457 37 15 of of IN 34457 37 16 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 37 17 , , , 34457 37 18 University University NNP 34457 37 19 College College NNP 34457 37 20 , , , 34457 37 21 London London NNP 34457 37 22 . . . 34457 38 1 With with IN 34457 38 2 163 163 CD 34457 38 3 Illustrations Illustrations NNPS 34457 38 4 . . . 34457 39 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 39 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 39 3 . . . 34457 40 1 10s 10 NNS 34457 40 2 . . . 34457 41 1 6d 6d NNP 34457 41 2 . . . 34457 42 1 THERMOCHEMISTRY THERMOCHEMISTRY NNP 34457 42 2 . . . 34457 43 1 By by IN 34457 43 2 JULIUS JULIUS NNP 34457 43 3 THOMSEN THOMSEN NNP 34457 43 4 , , , 34457 43 5 Emeritus Emeritus NNP 34457 43 6 Professor Professor NNP 34457 43 7 of of IN 34457 43 8 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 43 9 in in IN 34457 43 10 the the DT 34457 43 11 University University NNP 34457 43 12 of of IN 34457 43 13 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP 34457 43 14 . . . 34457 44 1 Translated translate VBN 34457 44 2 by by IN 34457 44 3 KATHARINE KATHARINE NNP 34457 44 4 A. A. NNP 34457 44 5 BURKE BURKE NNP 34457 44 6 , , , 34457 44 7 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 34457 44 8 . . . 34457 45 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 45 2 Lond Lond NNP 34457 45 3 . . . 34457 46 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 46 2 , , , 34457 46 3 Assistant Assistant NNP 34457 46 4 in in IN 34457 46 5 the the DT 34457 46 6 Department Department NNP 34457 46 7 of of IN 34457 46 8 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 46 9 , , , 34457 46 10 University University NNP 34457 46 11 College College NNP 34457 46 12 , , , 34457 46 13 London London NNP 34457 46 14 . . . 34457 47 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 47 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 47 3 . . . 34457 48 1 9s 9s LS 34457 48 2 . . . 34457 49 1 ELECTRO ELECTRO NNP 34457 49 2 - - HYPH 34457 49 3 CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY NNP 34457 49 4 . . . 34457 50 1 PART PART NNP 34457 50 2 I.--GENERAL i.--general ADD 34457 50 3 THEORY THEORY NNP 34457 50 4 . . . 34457 51 1 By by IN 34457 51 2 R. R. NNP 34457 51 3 A. A. NNP 34457 51 4 LEHFELDT LEHFELDT NNP 34457 51 5 , , , 34457 51 6 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 51 7 . . NNP 34457 51 8 , , , 34457 51 9 Professor Professor NNP 34457 51 10 of of IN 34457 51 11 Physics Physics NNP 34457 51 12 at at IN 34457 51 13 the the DT 34457 51 14 East East NNP 34457 51 15 London London NNP 34457 51 16 Technical Technical NNP 34457 51 17 College College NNP 34457 51 18 . . . 34457 52 1 Including include VBG 34457 52 2 a a DT 34457 52 3 Chapter chapter NN 34457 52 4 on on IN 34457 52 5 the the DT 34457 52 6 Relation Relation NNP 34457 52 7 of of IN 34457 52 8 Chemical Chemical NNP 34457 52 9 Constitution Constitution NNP 34457 52 10 to to IN 34457 52 11 Conductivity Conductivity NNP 34457 52 12 , , , 34457 52 13 by by IN 34457 52 14 T. T. NNP 34457 52 15 S. S. NNP 34457 52 16 MOORE MOORE NNP 34457 52 17 , , , 34457 52 18 B.A. B.A. NNP 34457 52 19 , , , 34457 52 20 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 34457 52 21 . . NNP 34457 52 22 , , , 34457 52 23 Lecturer Lecturer NNP 34457 52 24 in in IN 34457 52 25 the the DT 34457 52 26 University University NNP 34457 52 27 of of IN 34457 52 28 Birmingham Birmingham NNP 34457 52 29 . . . 34457 53 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 53 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 53 3 . . . 34457 54 1 5s 5s LS 34457 54 2 . . . 34457 55 1 PART PART NNP 34457 55 2 II.--APPLICATIONS ii.--applications CD 34457 55 3 TO to IN 34457 55 4 ELECTROLYSIS ELECTROLYSIS NNP 34457 55 5 , , , 34457 55 6 PRIMARY PRIMARY NNP 34457 55 7 AND and CC 34457 55 8 SECONDARY SECONDARY NNP 34457 55 9 BATTERIES battery NNS 34457 55 10 , , , 34457 55 11 etc etc FW 34457 55 12 . . . 34457 56 1 By by IN 34457 56 2 N. N. NNP 34457 56 3 T. T. NNP 34457 56 4 M. M. NNP 34457 56 5 WILSMORE WILSMORE NNP 34457 56 6 , , , 34457 56 7 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 56 8 . . . 34457 57 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 57 2 _ _ NNP 34457 57 3 In in IN 34457 57 4 the the DT 34457 57 5 press press NN 34457 57 6 . . . 34457 57 7 _ _ NNP 34457 57 8 STEREOCHEMISTRY STEREOCHEMISTRY NNP 34457 57 9 . . . 34457 58 1 By by IN 34457 58 2 A. a. NN 34457 58 3 W. W. NNP 34457 58 4 STEWART STEWART NNP 34457 58 5 , , , 34457 58 6 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 58 7 . . NNP 34457 58 8 , , , 34457 58 9 Carnegie Carnegie NNP 34457 58 10 Research Research NNP 34457 58 11 Fellow Fellow NNP 34457 58 12 , , , 34457 58 13 Lecturer Lecturer NNP 34457 58 14 on on IN 34457 58 15 Stereochemistry Stereochemistry NNP 34457 58 16 in in IN 34457 58 17 University University NNP 34457 58 18 College College NNP 34457 58 19 , , , 34457 58 20 London London NNP 34457 58 21 . . . 34457 59 1 With with IN 34457 59 2 87 87 CD 34457 59 3 Illustrations illustration NNS 34457 59 4 . . . 34457 60 1 Crown Crown NNP 34457 60 2 8vo 8vo NNP 34457 60 3 . . . 34457 61 1 10s 10 NNS 34457 61 2 . . . 34457 62 1 6d 6d NNP 34457 62 2 . . . 34457 63 1 RELATIONS relations NN 34457 63 2 BETWEEN between IN 34457 63 3 CHEMICAL chemical NN 34457 63 4 CONSTITUTION constitution NN 34457 63 5 AND and CC 34457 63 6 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 34457 63 7 PROPERTIES property NNS 34457 63 8 . . . 34457 64 1 By by IN 34457 64 2 SAMUEL SAMUEL NNP 34457 64 3 SMILES SMILES NNP 34457 64 4 , , , 34457 64 5 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 64 6 . . . 34457 65 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 65 2 _ _ NNP 34457 65 3 In in IN 34457 65 4 preparation preparation NN 34457 65 5 . . . 34457 65 6 _ _ NNP 34457 65 7 THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMICS NNP 34457 65 8 . . . 34457 66 1 By by IN 34457 66 2 F. F. NNP 34457 66 3 G. G. NNP 34457 66 4 DONNAN DONNAN NNP 34457 66 5 , , , 34457 66 6 M.A. M.A. NNP 34457 66 7 , , , 34457 66 8 Ph.D. ph.d. NN 34457 66 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 66 10 _ _ NNP 34457 66 11 In in IN 34457 66 12 preparation preparation NN 34457 66 13 . . . 34457 66 14 _ _ NNP 34457 66 15 ACTINOCHEMISTRY ACTINOCHEMISTRY NNP 34457 66 16 . . . 34457 67 1 By by IN 34457 67 2 C. C. NNP 34457 67 3 E. E. NNP 34457 67 4 K. K. NNP 34457 67 5 MEES MEES NNP 34457 67 6 , , , 34457 67 7 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 67 8 . . NNP 34457 67 9 , , , 34457 67 10 and and CC 34457 67 11 S. S. NNP 34457 67 12 E. E. NNP 34457 67 13 SHEPPARD SHEPPARD NNP 34457 67 14 , , , 34457 67 15 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 67 16 . . . 34457 68 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 68 2 _ _ NNP 34457 68 3 In in IN 34457 68 4 preparation preparation NN 34457 68 5 . . . 34457 68 6 _ _ NNP 34457 68 7 PRACTICAL PRACTICAL NNP 34457 68 8 SPECTROGRAPHIC SPECTROGRAPHIC NNP 34457 68 9 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS NNP 34457 68 10 . . . 34457 69 1 By by IN 34457 69 2 J. J. NNP 34457 69 3 H. H. NNP 34457 69 4 POLLOK POLLOK NNP 34457 69 5 , , , 34457 69 6 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 34457 69 7 . . . 34457 70 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 70 2 _ _ NNP 34457 70 3 In in IN 34457 70 4 preparation preparation NN 34457 70 5 . . . 34457 70 6 _ _ NNP 34457 70 7 LONGMANS LONGMANS NNP 34457 70 8 , , , 34457 70 9 GREEN GREEN NNP 34457 70 10 , , , 34457 70 11 AND and CC 34457 70 12 CO CO NNP 34457 70 13 . . . 34457 70 14 39 39 CD 34457 70 15 PATERNOSTER PATERNOSTER NNP 34457 70 16 ROW ROW NNP 34457 70 17 , , , 34457 70 18 LONDON LONDON NNP 34457 70 19 NEW NEW NNP 34457 70 20 YORK YORK NNP 34457 70 21 , , , 34457 70 22 BOMBAY BOMBAY NNP 34457 70 23 , , , 34457 70 24 AND and CC 34457 70 25 CALCUTTA CALCUTTA NNS 34457 70 26 * * NFP 34457 70 27 * * NFP 34457 70 28 * * NFP 34457 70 29 * * NFP 34457 70 30 * * NFP 34457 70 31 THE the DT 34457 70 32 PHASE phase NN 34457 70 33 RULE rule NN 34457 70 34 AND and CC 34457 70 35 ITS its PRP$ 34457 70 36 APPLICATIONS applications NN 34457 70 37 BY by IN 34457 70 38 ALEX ALEX NNP 34457 70 39 . . . 34457 71 1 FINDLAY FINDLAY NNP 34457 71 2 , , , 34457 71 3 M.A. M.A. NNP 34457 71 4 , , , 34457 71 5 PH.D. PH.D. NNP 34457 71 6 , , , 34457 71 7 D.SC D.SC NNP 34457 71 8 . . . 34457 72 1 Lecturer lecturer NN 34457 72 2 on on IN 34457 72 3 Physical Physical NNP 34457 72 4 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 72 5 , , , 34457 72 6 University University NNP 34457 72 7 of of IN 34457 72 8 Birmingham Birmingham NNP 34457 72 9 With with IN 34457 72 10 One one CD 34457 72 11 Hundred hundred CD 34457 72 12 and and CC 34457 72 13 Thirty thirty CD 34457 72 14 - - HYPH 34457 72 15 Four Four NNP 34457 72 16 Figures figure NNS 34457 72 17 in in IN 34457 72 18 the the DT 34457 72 19 Text Text NNP 34457 72 20 Third Third NNP 34457 72 21 Impression Impression NNP 34457 72 22 Longmans Longmans NNP 34457 72 23 , , , 34457 72 24 Green Green NNP 34457 72 25 , , , 34457 72 26 and and CC 34457 72 27 Co. Co. NNP 34457 72 28 39 39 CD 34457 72 29 Paternoster Paternoster NNP 34457 72 30 Row Row NNP 34457 72 31 , , , 34457 72 32 London London NNP 34457 72 33 New New NNP 34457 72 34 York York NNP 34457 72 35 , , , 34457 72 36 Bombay Bombay NNP 34457 72 37 , , , 34457 72 38 and and CC 34457 72 39 Calcutta Calcutta NNP 34457 72 40 1908 1908 CD 34457 72 41 All all DT 34457 72 42 rights right NNS 34457 72 43 reserved reserve VBN 34457 72 44 DEDICATED dedicated JJ 34457 72 45 TO to IN 34457 72 46 FRANCIS franci VBN 34457 72 47 ROBERT ROBERT NNP 34457 72 48 JAPP JAPP NNP 34457 72 49 , , , 34457 72 50 LL.D. LL.D. NNP 34457 72 51 , , , 34457 72 52 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 34457 73 1 PROFESSOR PROFESSOR NNS 34457 73 2 OF of IN 34457 73 3 CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY NNP 34457 73 4 , , , 34457 73 5 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 34457 73 6 OF of IN 34457 73 7 ABERDEEN ABERDEEN NNP 34457 73 8 , , , 34457 73 9 IN in IN 34457 73 10 GRATITUDE gratitude NN 34457 73 11 FOR for IN 34457 73 12 EARLY early NN 34457 73 13 TRAINING training NN 34457 73 14 AND and CC 34457 73 15 ADVICE advice NN 34457 73 16 { { -LRB- 34457 73 17 vii vii NN 34457 73 18 } } -RRB- 34457 73 19 PREFACE preface NN 34457 73 20 TO to IN 34457 73 21 THE the DT 34457 73 22 SECOND second JJ 34457 73 23 EDITION edition NN 34457 73 24 . . . 34457 74 1 During during IN 34457 74 2 the the DT 34457 74 3 two two CD 34457 74 4 years year NNS 34457 74 5 which which WDT 34457 74 6 have have VBP 34457 74 7 elapsed elapse VBN 34457 74 8 since since IN 34457 74 9 the the DT 34457 74 10 first first JJ 34457 74 11 edition edition NN 34457 74 12 of of IN 34457 74 13 this this DT 34457 74 14 book book NN 34457 74 15 appeared appear VBD 34457 74 16 , , , 34457 74 17 the the DT 34457 74 18 study study NN 34457 74 19 of of IN 34457 74 20 chemical chemical NNP 34457 74 21 equilibria equilibria NNP 34457 74 22 has have VBZ 34457 74 23 been be VBN 34457 74 24 prosecuted prosecute VBN 34457 74 25 with with IN 34457 74 26 considerable considerable JJ 34457 74 27 activity activity NN 34457 74 28 , , , 34457 74 29 and and CC 34457 74 30 valuable valuable JJ 34457 74 31 additions addition NNS 34457 74 32 have have VBP 34457 74 33 been be VBN 34457 74 34 made make VBN 34457 74 35 to to IN 34457 74 36 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 74 37 knowledge knowledge NN 34457 74 38 in in IN 34457 74 39 several several JJ 34457 74 40 departments department NNS 34457 74 41 of of IN 34457 74 42 this this DT 34457 74 43 subject subject NN 34457 74 44 . . . 34457 75 1 In in IN 34457 75 2 view view NN 34457 75 3 of of IN 34457 75 4 the the DT 34457 75 5 scope scope NN 34457 75 6 of of IN 34457 75 7 the the DT 34457 75 8 present present JJ 34457 75 9 work work NN 34457 75 10 , , , 34457 75 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 75 12 has have VBZ 34457 75 13 been be VBN 34457 75 14 , , , 34457 75 15 of of IN 34457 75 16 course course NN 34457 75 17 , , , 34457 75 18 impossible impossible JJ 34457 75 19 to to TO 34457 75 20 incorporate incorporate VB 34457 75 21 all all DT 34457 75 22 that that WDT 34457 75 23 has have VBZ 34457 75 24 been be VBN 34457 75 25 done do VBN 34457 75 26 ; ; : 34457 75 27 but but CC 34457 75 28 several several JJ 34457 75 29 new new JJ 34457 75 30 sections section NNS 34457 75 31 have have VBP 34457 75 32 been be VBN 34457 75 33 inserted insert VBN 34457 75 34 , , , 34457 75 35 notably notably RB 34457 75 36 those those DT 34457 75 37 on on IN 34457 75 38 the the DT 34457 75 39 study study NN 34457 75 40 of of IN 34457 75 41 basic basic JJ 34457 75 42 salts salt NNS 34457 75 43 ; ; : 34457 75 44 the the DT 34457 75 45 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 75 46 of of IN 34457 75 47 cooling cool VBG 34457 75 48 curves curve NNS 34457 75 49 , , , 34457 75 50 and and CC 34457 75 51 the the DT 34457 75 52 determination determination NN 34457 75 53 of of IN 34457 75 54 the the DT 34457 75 55 composition composition NN 34457 75 56 of of IN 34457 75 57 solid solid JJ 34457 75 58 phases phase NNS 34457 75 59 without without IN 34457 75 60 analysis analysis NN 34457 75 61 ; ; : 34457 75 62 the the DT 34457 75 63 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 75 64 between between IN 34457 75 65 iron iron NN 34457 75 66 , , , 34457 75 67 carbon carbon NN 34457 75 68 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 75 69 , , , 34457 75 70 and and CC 34457 75 71 carbon carbon NN 34457 75 72 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 75 73 , , , 34457 75 74 which which WDT 34457 75 75 are be VBP 34457 75 76 of of IN 34457 75 77 importance importance NN 34457 75 78 in in IN 34457 75 79 connection connection NN 34457 75 80 with with IN 34457 75 81 the the DT 34457 75 82 processes process NNS 34457 75 83 occurring occur VBG 34457 75 84 in in IN 34457 75 85 the the DT 34457 75 86 blast blast NN 34457 75 87 furnace furnace NN 34457 75 88 ; ; , 34457 75 89 and and CC 34457 75 90 the the DT 34457 75 91 Phase Phase NNP 34457 75 92 Rule Rule NNP 34457 75 93 study study NN 34457 75 94 of of IN 34457 75 95 the the DT 34457 75 96 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 75 97 - - HYPH 34457 75 98 soda soda NN 34457 75 99 process process NN 34457 75 100 . . . 34457 76 1 I -PRON- PRP 34457 76 2 have have VBP 34457 76 3 also also RB 34457 76 4 incorporated incorporate VBN 34457 76 5 a a DT 34457 76 6 short short JJ 34457 76 7 section section NN 34457 76 8 on on IN 34457 76 9 the the DT 34457 76 10 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 76 11 salt salt NN 34457 76 12 - - HYPH 34457 76 13 pair pair NN 34457 76 14 barium barium NN 34457 76 15 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 76 16 -- -- : 34457 76 17 potassium potassium NN 34457 76 18 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 76 19 , , , 34457 76 20 which which WDT 34457 76 21 had have VBD 34457 76 22 been be VBN 34457 76 23 written write VBN 34457 76 24 for for IN 34457 76 25 the the DT 34457 76 26 German german JJ 34457 76 27 edition edition NN 34457 76 28 of of IN 34457 76 29 this this DT 34457 76 30 book book NN 34457 76 31 by by IN 34457 76 32 the the DT 34457 76 33 late late JJ 34457 76 34 Professor Professor NNP 34457 76 35 W. W. NNP 34457 76 36 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 76 37 . . . 34457 77 1 The the DT 34457 77 2 section section NN 34457 77 3 on on IN 34457 77 4 the the DT 34457 77 5 iron iron NN 34457 77 6 - - HYPH 34457 77 7 carbon carbon NN 34457 77 8 alloys alloy NNS 34457 77 9 , , , 34457 77 10 which which WDT 34457 77 11 in in IN 34457 77 12 the the DT 34457 77 13 first first JJ 34457 77 14 edition edition NN 34457 77 15 was be VBD 34457 77 16 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 77 17 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 34457 77 18 , , , 34457 77 19 has have VBZ 34457 77 20 been be VBN 34457 77 21 rewritten rewrite VBN 34457 77 22 . . . 34457 78 1 A. A. NNP 34457 78 2 F. F. NNP 34457 78 3 _ _ NNP 34457 78 4 September September NNP 34457 78 5 , , , 34457 78 6 1906 1906 CD 34457 78 7 . . . 34457 78 8 _ _ NNP 34457 78 9 { { -LRB- 34457 78 10 viii viii NN 34457 78 11 } } -RRB- 34457 78 12 PREFACE PREFACE NNP 34457 78 13 Although although IN 34457 78 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 78 15 are be VBP 34457 78 16 indebted indebted JJ 34457 78 17 to to IN 34457 78 18 the the DT 34457 78 19 late late JJ 34457 78 20 Professor Professor NNP 34457 78 21 Willard Willard NNP 34457 78 22 Gibbs Gibbs NNPS 34457 78 23 for for IN 34457 78 24 the the DT 34457 78 25 first first JJ 34457 78 26 enunciation enunciation NN 34457 78 27 of of IN 34457 78 28 the the DT 34457 78 29 Phase Phase NNP 34457 78 30 Rule Rule NNP 34457 78 31 , , , 34457 78 32 it -PRON- PRP 34457 78 33 was be VBD 34457 78 34 not not RB 34457 78 35 till till IN 34457 78 36 1887 1887 CD 34457 78 37 that that IN 34457 78 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 78 39 practical practical JJ 34457 78 40 applicability applicability NN 34457 78 41 to to IN 34457 78 42 the the DT 34457 78 43 study study NN 34457 78 44 of of IN 34457 78 45 Chemical Chemical NNP 34457 78 46 Equilibria Equilibria NNP 34457 78 47 was be VBD 34457 78 48 made make VBN 34457 78 49 apparent apparent JJ 34457 78 50 . . . 34457 79 1 In in IN 34457 79 2 that that DT 34457 79 3 year year NN 34457 79 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 79 5 disclosed disclose VBD 34457 79 6 the the DT 34457 79 7 great great JJ 34457 79 8 generalization generalization NN 34457 79 9 , , , 34457 79 10 which which WDT 34457 79 11 for for IN 34457 79 12 upwards upward NNS 34457 79 13 of of IN 34457 79 14 ten ten CD 34457 79 15 years year NNS 34457 79 16 had have VBD 34457 79 17 remained remain VBN 34457 79 18 hidden hidden JJ 34457 79 19 and and CC 34457 79 20 unknown unknown JJ 34457 79 21 save save NN 34457 79 22 to to IN 34457 79 23 a a DT 34457 79 24 very very RB 34457 79 25 few few JJ 34457 79 26 , , , 34457 79 27 by by IN 34457 79 28 stripping strip VBG 34457 79 29 from from IN 34457 79 30 it -PRON- PRP 34457 79 31 the the DT 34457 79 32 garb garb NN 34457 79 33 of of IN 34457 79 34 abstract abstract JJ 34457 79 35 Mathematics Mathematics NNP 34457 79 36 in in IN 34457 79 37 which which WDT 34457 79 38 it -PRON- PRP 34457 79 39 had have VBD 34457 79 40 been be VBN 34457 79 41 clothed clothe VBN 34457 79 42 by by IN 34457 79 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 79 44 first first JJ 34457 79 45 discoverer discoverer NN 34457 79 46 . . . 34457 80 1 The the DT 34457 80 2 Phase Phase NNP 34457 80 3 Rule Rule NNP 34457 80 4 was be VBD 34457 80 5 thus thus RB 34457 80 6 made make VBN 34457 80 7 generally generally RB 34457 80 8 accessible accessible JJ 34457 80 9 ; ; : 34457 80 10 and and CC 34457 80 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 80 12 adoption adoption NN 34457 80 13 by by IN 34457 80 14 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 80 15 as as IN 34457 80 16 the the DT 34457 80 17 basis basis NN 34457 80 18 of of IN 34457 80 19 classification classification NN 34457 80 20 of of IN 34457 80 21 the the DT 34457 80 22 different different JJ 34457 80 23 cases case NNS 34457 80 24 of of IN 34457 80 25 chemical chemical JJ 34457 80 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 80 27 then then RB 34457 80 28 known know VBN 34457 80 29 established establish VBD 34457 80 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 80 31 value value NN 34457 80 32 , , , 34457 80 33 not not RB 34457 80 34 only only RB 34457 80 35 as as IN 34457 80 36 a a DT 34457 80 37 means means NN 34457 80 38 of of IN 34457 80 39 co co NN 34457 80 40 - - NN 34457 80 41 ordinating ordinating JJ 34457 80 42 the the DT 34457 80 43 large large JJ 34457 80 44 number number NN 34457 80 45 of of IN 34457 80 46 isolated isolated JJ 34457 80 47 cases case NNS 34457 80 48 of of IN 34457 80 49 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 80 50 and and CC 34457 80 51 of of IN 34457 80 52 giving give VBG 34457 80 53 a a DT 34457 80 54 deeper deep JJR 34457 80 55 insight insight NN 34457 80 56 into into IN 34457 80 57 the the DT 34457 80 58 relationships relationship NNS 34457 80 59 existing exist VBG 34457 80 60 between between IN 34457 80 61 the the DT 34457 80 62 different different JJ 34457 80 63 systems system NNS 34457 80 64 , , , 34457 80 65 but but CC 34457 80 66 also also RB 34457 80 67 as as IN 34457 80 68 a a DT 34457 80 69 guide guide NN 34457 80 70 in in IN 34457 80 71 the the DT 34457 80 72 investigation investigation NN 34457 80 73 of of IN 34457 80 74 unknown unknown JJ 34457 80 75 systems system NNS 34457 80 76 . . . 34457 81 1 While while IN 34457 81 2 the the DT 34457 81 3 revelation revelation NN 34457 81 4 of of IN 34457 81 5 the the DT 34457 81 6 principle principle NN 34457 81 7 embedded embed VBN 34457 81 8 in in IN 34457 81 9 the the DT 34457 81 10 Phase Phase NNP 34457 81 11 Rule Rule NNP 34457 81 12 is be VBZ 34457 81 13 primarily primarily RB 34457 81 14 due due JJ 34457 81 15 to to IN 34457 81 16 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 81 17 , , , 34457 81 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 81 19 should should MD 34457 81 20 not not RB 34457 81 21 be be VB 34457 81 22 forgotten forget VBN 34457 81 23 that that IN 34457 81 24 , , , 34457 81 25 some some DT 34457 81 26 years year NNS 34457 81 27 previously previously RB 34457 81 28 , , , 34457 81 29 van't van't VBZ 34457 81 30 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 81 31 , , , 34457 81 32 in in IN 34457 81 33 ignorance ignorance NN 34457 81 34 of of IN 34457 81 35 the the DT 34457 81 36 work work NN 34457 81 37 of of IN 34457 81 38 Willard Willard NNP 34457 81 39 Gibbs Gibbs NNPS 34457 81 40 , , , 34457 81 41 had have VBD 34457 81 42 enunciated enunciate VBN 34457 81 43 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 81 44 " " `` 34457 81 45 law law NN 34457 81 46 of of IN 34457 81 47 the the DT 34457 81 48 incompatibility incompatibility NN 34457 81 49 of of IN 34457 81 50 condensed condense VBN 34457 81 51 systems system NNS 34457 81 52 , , , 34457 81 53 " " '' 34457 81 54 which which WDT 34457 81 55 in in IN 34457 81 56 some some DT 34457 81 57 respects respect NNS 34457 81 58 coincides coincide VBZ 34457 81 59 with with IN 34457 81 60 the the DT 34457 81 61 Phase Phase NNP 34457 81 62 Rule Rule NNP 34457 81 63 ; ; : 34457 81 64 and and CC 34457 81 65 it -PRON- PRP 34457 81 66 is be VBZ 34457 81 67 only only RB 34457 81 68 owing owe VBG 34457 81 69 to to IN 34457 81 70 the the DT 34457 81 71 more more RBR 34457 81 72 general general JJ 34457 81 73 applicability applicability NN 34457 81 74 of of IN 34457 81 75 the the DT 34457 81 76 latter latter JJ 34457 81 77 that that IN 34457 81 78 the the DT 34457 81 79 very very JJ 34457 81 80 { { -LRB- 34457 81 81 ix ix IN 34457 81 82 } } -RRB- 34457 81 83 important important JJ 34457 81 84 generalization generalization NN 34457 81 85 of of IN 34457 81 86 van't van't JJ 34457 81 87 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 81 88 has have VBZ 34457 81 89 been be VBN 34457 81 90 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 81 91 lost lose VBN 34457 81 92 sight sight NN 34457 81 93 of of IN 34457 81 94 . . . 34457 82 1 The the DT 34457 82 2 exposition exposition NN 34457 82 3 of of IN 34457 82 4 the the DT 34457 82 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 82 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 82 7 and and CC 34457 82 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 82 9 applications application NNS 34457 82 10 given give VBN 34457 82 11 in in IN 34457 82 12 the the DT 34457 82 13 following follow VBG 34457 82 14 pages page NNS 34457 82 15 has have VBZ 34457 82 16 been be VBN 34457 82 17 made make VBN 34457 82 18 entirely entirely RB 34457 82 19 non non JJ 34457 82 20 - - JJ 34457 82 21 mathematical mathematical JJ 34457 82 22 , , , 34457 82 23 the the DT 34457 82 24 desire desire NN 34457 82 25 having have VBG 34457 82 26 been be VBN 34457 82 27 to to TO 34457 82 28 explain explain VB 34457 82 29 as as RB 34457 82 30 clearly clearly RB 34457 82 31 as as IN 34457 82 32 possible possible JJ 34457 82 33 the the DT 34457 82 34 principles principle NNS 34457 82 35 underlying underlie VBG 34457 82 36 the the DT 34457 82 37 Phase Phase NNP 34457 82 38 Rule Rule NNP 34457 82 39 , , , 34457 82 40 and and CC 34457 82 41 to to TO 34457 82 42 illustrate illustrate VB 34457 82 43 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 82 44 application application NN 34457 82 45 to to IN 34457 82 46 the the DT 34457 82 47 classification classification NN 34457 82 48 and and CC 34457 82 49 investigation investigation NN 34457 82 50 of of IN 34457 82 51 equilibria equilibria NNP 34457 82 52 , , , 34457 82 53 by by IN 34457 82 54 means mean NNS 34457 82 55 of of IN 34457 82 56 a a DT 34457 82 57 number number NN 34457 82 58 of of IN 34457 82 59 cases case NNS 34457 82 60 actually actually RB 34457 82 61 studied study VBN 34457 82 62 . . . 34457 83 1 While while IN 34457 83 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 83 3 has have VBZ 34457 83 4 been be VBN 34457 83 5 sought seek VBN 34457 83 6 to to TO 34457 83 7 make make VB 34457 83 8 the the DT 34457 83 9 treatment treatment NN 34457 83 10 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 83 11 elementary elementary JJ 34457 83 12 to to TO 34457 83 13 be be VB 34457 83 14 understood understand VBN 34457 83 15 by by IN 34457 83 16 the the DT 34457 83 17 student student NN 34457 83 18 just just RB 34457 83 19 commencing commence VBG 34457 83 20 the the DT 34457 83 21 study study NN 34457 83 22 of of IN 34457 83 23 chemical chemical NNP 34457 83 24 equilibria equilibria NNP 34457 83 25 , , , 34457 83 26 an an DT 34457 83 27 attempt attempt NN 34457 83 28 has have VBZ 34457 83 29 been be VBN 34457 83 30 made make VBN 34457 83 31 to to TO 34457 83 32 advance advance VB 34457 83 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 83 34 knowledge knowledge NN 34457 83 35 to to IN 34457 83 36 such such PDT 34457 83 37 a a DT 34457 83 38 stage stage NN 34457 83 39 as as IN 34457 83 40 to to TO 34457 83 41 enable enable VB 34457 83 42 him -PRON- PRP 34457 83 43 to to TO 34457 83 44 study study VB 34457 83 45 with with IN 34457 83 46 profit profit NN 34457 83 47 the the DT 34457 83 48 larger large JJR 34457 83 49 works work NNS 34457 83 50 on on IN 34457 83 51 the the DT 34457 83 52 subject subject NN 34457 83 53 , , , 34457 83 54 and and CC 34457 83 55 to to TO 34457 83 56 follow follow VB 34457 83 57 with with IN 34457 83 58 intelligence intelligence NN 34457 83 59 the the DT 34457 83 60 course course NN 34457 83 61 of of IN 34457 83 62 investigation investigation NN 34457 83 63 in in IN 34457 83 64 this this DT 34457 83 65 department department NN 34457 83 66 of of IN 34457 83 67 Physical Physical NNP 34457 83 68 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 83 69 . . . 34457 84 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 84 2 is be VBZ 34457 84 3 also also RB 34457 84 4 hoped hope VBN 34457 84 5 that that IN 34457 84 6 the the DT 34457 84 7 volume volume NN 34457 84 8 may may MD 34457 84 9 be be VB 34457 84 10 of of IN 34457 84 11 use use NN 34457 84 12 , , , 34457 84 13 not not RB 34457 84 14 only only RB 34457 84 15 to to IN 34457 84 16 the the DT 34457 84 17 student student NN 34457 84 18 of of IN 34457 84 19 Physical Physical NNP 34457 84 20 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 84 21 , , , 34457 84 22 or or CC 34457 84 23 of of IN 34457 84 24 the the DT 34457 84 25 other other JJ 34457 84 26 branches branch NNS 34457 84 27 of of IN 34457 84 28 that that DT 34457 84 29 science science NN 34457 84 30 , , , 34457 84 31 but but CC 34457 84 32 also also RB 34457 84 33 to to IN 34457 84 34 the the DT 34457 84 35 student student NN 34457 84 36 of of IN 34457 84 37 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP 34457 84 38 and and CC 34457 84 39 of of IN 34457 84 40 Geology Geology NNP 34457 84 41 , , , 34457 84 42 for for IN 34457 84 43 whom whom WP 34457 84 44 an an DT 34457 84 45 acquaintance acquaintance NN 34457 84 46 with with IN 34457 84 47 at at IN 34457 84 48 least least JJS 34457 84 49 the the DT 34457 84 50 principles principle NNS 34457 84 51 of of IN 34457 84 52 the the DT 34457 84 53 Phase Phase NNP 34457 84 54 Rule Rule NNP 34457 84 55 is be VBZ 34457 84 56 becoming become VBG 34457 84 57 increasingly increasingly RB 34457 84 58 important important JJ 34457 84 59 . . . 34457 85 1 In in IN 34457 85 2 writing write VBG 34457 85 3 the the DT 34457 85 4 following follow VBG 34457 85 5 account account NN 34457 85 6 of of IN 34457 85 7 the the DT 34457 85 8 Phase Phase NNP 34457 85 9 Rule Rule NNP 34457 85 10 , , , 34457 85 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 85 12 is be VBZ 34457 85 13 scarcely scarcely RB 34457 85 14 necessary necessary JJ 34457 85 15 to to TO 34457 85 16 say say VB 34457 85 17 that that IN 34457 85 18 I -PRON- PRP 34457 85 19 have have VBP 34457 85 20 been be VBN 34457 85 21 greatly greatly RB 34457 85 22 indebted indebted JJ 34457 85 23 to to IN 34457 85 24 the the DT 34457 85 25 larger large JJR 34457 85 26 works work NNS 34457 85 27 on on IN 34457 85 28 Chemical Chemical NNP 34457 85 29 Equilibria Equilibria NNP 34457 85 30 by by IN 34457 85 31 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 85 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 85 33 " " `` 34457 85 34 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 85 35 " " '' 34457 85 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 85 37 , , , 34457 85 38 Roozeboom roozeboom NN 34457 85 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 85 40 " " `` 34457 85 41 Die die VB 34457 85 42 Heterogenen Heterogenen NNP 34457 85 43 Gleichgewichte Gleichgewichte NNP 34457 85 44 " " '' 34457 85 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 85 46 , , , 34457 85 47 and and CC 34457 85 48 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 85 49 ( ( -LRB- 34457 85 50 " " `` 34457 85 51 The the DT 34457 85 52 Phase Phase NNP 34457 85 53 Rule rule NN 34457 85 54 " " '' 34457 85 55 ) ) -RRB- 34457 85 56 ; ; : 34457 85 57 and and CC 34457 85 58 in in IN 34457 85 59 the the DT 34457 85 60 case case NN 34457 85 61 of of IN 34457 85 62 the the DT 34457 85 63 first first RB 34457 85 64 - - HYPH 34457 85 65 named name VBN 34457 85 66 , , , 34457 85 67 to to IN 34457 85 68 the the DT 34457 85 69 inspiration inspiration NN 34457 85 70 also also RB 34457 85 71 of of IN 34457 85 72 personal personal JJ 34457 85 73 teaching teaching NN 34457 85 74 . . . 34457 86 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 34457 86 2 indebtedness indebtedness NN 34457 86 3 to to IN 34457 86 4 these these DT 34457 86 5 and and CC 34457 86 6 other other JJ 34457 86 7 authors author NNS 34457 86 8 I -PRON- PRP 34457 86 9 have have VBP 34457 86 10 indicated indicate VBN 34457 86 11 in in IN 34457 86 12 the the DT 34457 86 13 following follow VBG 34457 86 14 pages page NNS 34457 86 15 . . . 34457 87 1 In in IN 34457 87 2 conclusion conclusion NN 34457 87 3 , , , 34457 87 4 I -PRON- PRP 34457 87 5 would would MD 34457 87 6 express express VB 34457 87 7 my -PRON- PRP$ 34457 87 8 thanks thank NNS 34457 87 9 to to IN 34457 87 10 Sir Sir NNP 34457 87 11 William William NNP 34457 87 12 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 87 13 , , , 34457 87 14 whose whose WP$ 34457 87 15 guidance guidance NN 34457 87 16 and and CC 34457 87 17 counsel counsel NN 34457 87 18 have have VBP 34457 87 19 been be VBN 34457 87 20 constantly constantly RB 34457 87 21 { { -LRB- 34457 87 22 x x NN 34457 87 23 } } -RRB- 34457 87 24 at at IN 34457 87 25 my -PRON- PRP$ 34457 87 26 disposal disposal NN 34457 87 27 ; ; : 34457 87 28 and and CC 34457 87 29 to to IN 34457 87 30 my -PRON- PRP$ 34457 87 31 colleagues colleague NNS 34457 87 32 , , , 34457 87 33 Dr. Dr. NNP 34457 87 34 T. T. NNP 34457 87 35 Slater Slater NNP 34457 87 36 Price Price NNP 34457 87 37 and and CC 34457 87 38 Dr. Dr. NNP 34457 87 39 A. A. NNP 34457 87 40 McKenzie McKenzie NNP 34457 87 41 , , , 34457 87 42 for for IN 34457 87 43 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 87 44 friendly friendly JJ 34457 87 45 criticism criticism NN 34457 87 46 and and CC 34457 87 47 advice advice NN 34457 87 48 . . . 34457 88 1 To to IN 34457 88 2 Messrs. Messrs. NNPS 34457 88 3 J. J. NNP 34457 88 4 N. N. NNP 34457 88 5 Friend Friend NNP 34457 88 6 , , , 34457 88 7 M.Sc M.Sc NNP 34457 88 8 . . NNP 34457 88 9 , , , 34457 88 10 and and CC 34457 88 11 W. W. NNP 34457 88 12 E. E. NNP 34457 88 13 S. S. NNP 34457 88 14 Turner Turner NNP 34457 88 15 , , , 34457 88 16 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 34457 88 17 . . . 34457 88 18 , , , 34457 88 19 I -PRON- PRP 34457 88 20 am be VBP 34457 88 21 also also RB 34457 88 22 indebted indebted JJ 34457 88 23 for for IN 34457 88 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 88 25 assistance assistance NN 34457 88 26 in in IN 34457 88 27 reading read VBG 34457 88 28 the the DT 34457 88 29 proof proof NN 34457 88 30 - - HYPH 34457 88 31 sheets sheet NNS 34457 88 32 . . . 34457 89 1 A. A. NNP 34457 89 2 F. F. NNP 34457 89 3 _ _ NNP 34457 89 4 November November NNP 34457 89 5 , , , 34457 89 6 1903 1903 CD 34457 89 7 . . . 34457 89 8 _ _ NNP 34457 89 9 { { -LRB- 34457 89 10 xi xi NNP 34457 89 11 } } -RRB- 34457 89 12 CONTENTS CONTENTS NNP 34457 89 13 PAGE PAGE NNP 34457 89 14 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 89 15 I -PRON- PRP 34457 89 16 INTRODUCTION introduction VBP 34457 89 17 1 1 CD 34457 89 18 General general NN 34457 89 19 , , , 34457 89 20 I. I. NNP 34457 89 21 Homogeneous Homogeneous NNP 34457 89 22 and and CC 34457 89 23 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 89 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 89 25 , , , 34457 89 26 5 5 CD 34457 89 27 . . . 34457 90 1 Real real JJ 34457 90 2 and and CC 34457 90 3 apparent apparent JJ 34457 90 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 90 5 , , , 34457 90 6 5 5 CD 34457 90 7 . . . 34457 91 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 91 2 II II NNP 34457 91 3 THE the DT 34457 91 4 PHASE phase NN 34457 91 5 RULE rule NN 34457 91 6 7 7 CD 34457 91 7 Phases Phases NNP 34457 91 8 , , , 34457 91 9 8 8 CD 34457 91 10 . . . 34457 92 1 Components Components NNP 34457 92 2 , , , 34457 92 3 10 10 CD 34457 92 4 . . . 34457 93 1 Degree degree NN 34457 93 2 of of IN 34457 93 3 freedom freedom NN 34457 93 4 . . . 34457 94 1 Variability variability NN 34457 94 2 of of IN 34457 94 3 a a DT 34457 94 4 system system NN 34457 94 5 , , , 34457 94 6 14 14 CD 34457 94 7 . . . 34457 95 1 The the DT 34457 95 2 Phase Phase NNP 34457 95 3 Rule Rule NNP 34457 95 4 , , , 34457 95 5 16 16 CD 34457 95 6 . . . 34457 96 1 Classification classification NN 34457 96 2 of of IN 34457 96 3 systems system NNS 34457 96 4 according accord VBG 34457 96 5 to to IN 34457 96 6 the the DT 34457 96 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 96 8 Rule Rule NNP 34457 96 9 , , , 34457 96 10 17 17 CD 34457 96 11 . . . 34457 97 1 Deduction deduction NN 34457 97 2 of of IN 34457 97 3 the the DT 34457 97 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 97 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 97 6 , , , 34457 97 7 18 18 CD 34457 97 8 . . . 34457 98 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 98 2 III III NNP 34457 98 3 TYPICAL typical NN 34457 98 4 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 98 5 OF of IN 34457 98 6 ONE one CD 34457 98 7 COMPONENT COMPONENT NNP 34457 98 8 21 21 CD 34457 98 9 A. a. NN 34457 99 1 _ _ NNP 34457 99 2 Water Water NNP 34457 99 3 . . . 34457 99 4 _ _ NNP 34457 99 5 Equilibrium Equilibrium NNP 34457 99 6 between between IN 34457 99 7 liquid liquid NN 34457 99 8 and and CC 34457 99 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 99 10 . . . 34457 100 1 Vaporization vaporization NN 34457 100 2 curve curve NN 34457 100 3 , , , 34457 100 4 21 21 CD 34457 100 5 . . . 34457 101 1 Upper upper JJ 34457 101 2 limit limit NN 34457 101 3 of of IN 34457 101 4 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 101 5 curve curve NN 34457 101 6 , , , 34457 101 7 23 23 CD 34457 101 8 . . . 34457 102 1 Sublimation sublimation NN 34457 102 2 curve curve NN 34457 102 3 of of IN 34457 102 4 ice ice NN 34457 102 5 , , , 34457 102 6 24 24 CD 34457 102 7 . . . 34457 103 1 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 103 2 between between IN 34457 103 3 ice ice NN 34457 103 4 and and CC 34457 103 5 water water NN 34457 103 6 . . . 34457 104 1 Curve curve NN 34457 104 2 of of IN 34457 104 3 fusion fusion NN 34457 104 4 , , , 34457 104 5 25 25 CD 34457 104 6 . . . 34457 105 1 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 105 2 between between IN 34457 105 3 ice ice NN 34457 105 4 , , , 34457 105 5 water water NN 34457 105 6 , , , 34457 105 7 and and CC 34457 105 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 105 9 . . . 34457 106 1 The the DT 34457 106 2 triple triple JJ 34457 106 3 point point NN 34457 106 4 , , , 34457 106 5 27 27 CD 34457 106 6 . . . 34457 107 1 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 107 2 systems system NNS 34457 107 3 of of IN 34457 107 4 water water NN 34457 107 5 , , , 34457 107 6 29 29 CD 34457 107 7 . . . 34457 108 1 Supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 108 2 water water NN 34457 108 3 . . . 34457 109 1 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 109 2 state state NN 34457 109 3 , , , 34457 109 4 30 30 CD 34457 109 5 . . . 34457 110 1 Other other JJ 34457 110 2 systems system NNS 34457 110 3 of of IN 34457 110 4 the the DT 34457 110 5 substance substance NN 34457 110 6 water water NN 34457 110 7 , , , 34457 110 8 32 32 CD 34457 110 9 . . . 34457 111 1 B. B. NNP 34457 112 1 _ _ NNP 34457 112 2 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 112 3 _ _ NNP 34457 112 4 , , , 34457 112 5 33 33 CD 34457 112 6 . . . 34457 113 1 Polymorphism polymorphism NN 34457 113 2 , , , 34457 113 3 33 33 CD 34457 113 4 . . . 34457 114 1 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 114 2 , , , 34457 114 3 34 34 CD 34457 114 4 . . . 34457 115 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 115 2 point point NN 34457 115 3 -- -- : 34457 115 4 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 115 5 and and CC 34457 115 6 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 115 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 115 8 and and CC 34457 115 9 vapour vapour NNP 34457 115 10 . . . 34457 116 1 Transition transition NN 34457 116 2 point point NN 34457 116 3 , , , 34457 116 4 34 34 CD 34457 116 5 . . . 34457 117 1 Condensed condense VBN 34457 117 2 systems system NNS 34457 117 3 , , , 34457 117 4 36 36 CD 34457 117 5 . . . 34457 118 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 118 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 118 3 , , , 34457 118 4 37 37 CD 34457 118 5 . . . 34457 119 1 Transition transition NN 34457 119 2 curve curve NN 34457 119 3 -- -- : 34457 119 4 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 119 5 and and CC 34457 119 6 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 119 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 119 8 , , , 34457 119 9 37 37 CD 34457 119 10 . . . 34457 120 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 120 2 point point NN 34457 120 3 -- -- : 34457 120 4 Monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 120 5 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 120 6 , , , 34457 120 7 liquid liquid NN 34457 120 8 , , , 34457 120 9 and and CC 34457 120 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 120 11 . . . 34457 121 1 Melting melt VBG 34457 121 2 point point NN 34457 121 3 of of IN 34457 121 4 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 121 5 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 121 6 , , , 34457 121 7 38 38 CD 34457 121 8 . . . 34457 122 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 122 2 point point NN 34457 122 3 -- -- : 34457 122 4 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 122 5 and and CC 34457 122 6 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 122 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 122 8 and and CC 34457 122 9 liquid liquid NNP 34457 122 10 , , , 34457 122 11 38 38 CD 34457 122 12 . . . 34457 123 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 123 2 point point NN 34457 123 3 -- -- : 34457 123 4 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 123 5 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 123 6 , , , 34457 123 7 liquid liquid NN 34457 123 8 , , , 34457 123 9 and and CC 34457 123 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 123 11 . . . 34457 124 1 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 124 2 triple triple JJ 34457 124 3 point point NN 34457 124 4 , , , 34457 124 5 38 38 CD 34457 124 6 . . . 34457 125 1 Fusion fusion NN 34457 125 2 curve curve NN 34457 125 3 of of IN 34457 125 4 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 125 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 125 6 , , , 34457 125 7 39 39 CD 34457 125 8 . . . 34457 126 1 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 126 2 systems system NNS 34457 126 3 , , , 34457 126 4 39 39 CD 34457 126 5 . . . 34457 127 1 C. C. NNP 34457 127 2 _ _ NNP 34457 127 3 Tin Tin NNP 34457 127 4 _ _ NNP 34457 127 5 , , , 34457 127 6 41 41 CD 34457 127 7 . . . 34457 128 1 Transition transition NN 34457 128 2 point point NN 34457 128 3 , , , 34457 128 4 41 41 CD 34457 128 5 . . . 34457 129 1 { { -LRB- 34457 129 2 xii xii NNP 34457 129 3 } } -RRB- 34457 129 4 Enantiotropy Enantiotropy NNP 34457 129 5 and and CC 34457 129 6 monotropy monotropy NNP 34457 129 7 , , , 34457 129 8 44 44 CD 34457 129 9 . . . 34457 130 1 D. D. NNP 34457 130 2 _ _ NNP 34457 130 3 Phosphorus Phosphorus NNP 34457 130 4 _ _ NNP 34457 130 5 , , , 34457 130 6 46 46 CD 34457 130 7 . . . 34457 131 1 Enantiotropy enantiotropy RB 34457 131 2 combined combine VBN 34457 131 3 with with IN 34457 131 4 monotropy monotropy NNP 34457 131 5 , , , 34457 131 6 51 51 CD 34457 131 7 . . . 34457 132 1 E. E. NNP 34457 132 2 _ _ NNP 34457 132 3 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 132 4 Crystals Crystals NNPS 34457 132 5 _ _ NNP 34457 132 6 , , , 34457 132 7 51 51 CD 34457 132 8 . . . 34457 133 1 Phenomena Phenomena NNP 34457 133 2 observed observe VBD 34457 133 3 , , , 34457 133 4 51 51 CD 34457 133 5 . . . 34457 134 1 Nature nature NN 34457 134 2 of of IN 34457 134 3 liquid liquid JJ 34457 134 4 crystals crystal NNS 34457 134 5 , , , 34457 134 6 52 52 CD 34457 134 7 . . . 34457 135 1 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 135 2 relations relation NNS 34457 135 3 in in IN 34457 135 4 the the DT 34457 135 5 case case NN 34457 135 6 of of IN 34457 135 7 liquid liquid JJ 34457 135 8 crystals crystal NNS 34457 135 9 , , , 34457 135 10 53 53 CD 34457 135 11 . . . 34457 136 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 136 2 IV IV NNP 34457 136 3 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 34457 136 4 SUMMARY summary VBP 34457 136 5 55 55 CD 34457 136 6 Triple triple JJ 34457 136 7 point point NN 34457 136 8 , , , 34457 136 9 55 55 CD 34457 136 10 . . . 34457 137 1 Theorems theorem NNS 34457 137 2 of of IN 34457 137 3 van't van't JJ 34457 137 4 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 137 5 and and CC 34457 137 6 of of IN 34457 137 7 Le Le NNP 34457 137 8 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 137 9 , , , 34457 137 10 57 57 CD 34457 137 11 . . . 34457 138 1 Changes change NNS 34457 138 2 at at IN 34457 138 3 the the DT 34457 138 4 triple triple JJ 34457 138 5 point point NN 34457 138 6 , , , 34457 138 7 58 58 CD 34457 138 8 . . . 34457 139 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 139 2 point point NN 34457 139 3 solid solid RB 34457 139 4 -- -- : 34457 139 5 solid solid JJ 34457 139 6 -- -- : 34457 139 7 vapour vapour RB 34457 139 8 , , , 34457 139 9 62 62 CD 34457 139 10 . . . 34457 140 1 Sublimation sublimation NN 34457 140 2 and and CC 34457 140 3 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 140 4 curves curve NNS 34457 140 5 , , , 34457 140 6 63 63 CD 34457 140 7 . . . 34457 141 1 Fusion fusion NN 34457 141 2 curve curve NN 34457 141 3 -- -- : 34457 141 4 Transition transition NN 34457 141 5 curve curve NN 34457 141 6 , , , 34457 141 7 66 66 CD 34457 141 8 . . . 34457 142 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 142 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 142 3 . . . 34457 143 1 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 143 2 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 143 3 , , , 34457 143 4 69 69 CD 34457 143 5 . . . 34457 144 1 Velocity velocity NN 34457 144 2 of of IN 34457 144 3 transformation transformation NN 34457 144 4 , , , 34457 144 5 70 70 CD 34457 144 6 . . . 34457 145 1 Law law NN 34457 145 2 of of IN 34457 145 3 successive successive JJ 34457 145 4 reactions reaction NNS 34457 145 5 , , , 34457 145 6 73 73 CD 34457 145 7 . . . 34457 146 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 146 2 V V NNP 34457 146 3 SYSTEMS SYSTEMS NNP 34457 146 4 OF of IN 34457 146 5 TWO two CD 34457 146 6 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 146 7 -- -- : 34457 146 8 PHENOMENA phenomena NN 34457 146 9 OF of IN 34457 146 10 DISSOCIATION DISSOCIATION NNP 34457 146 11 76 76 CD 34457 146 12 Different different JJ 34457 146 13 systems system NNS 34457 146 14 of of IN 34457 146 15 two two CD 34457 146 16 components component NNS 34457 146 17 , , , 34457 146 18 77 77 CD 34457 146 19 . . . 34457 147 1 PHENOMENA PHENOMENA NNP 34457 147 2 OF of IN 34457 147 3 DISSOCIATION DISSOCIATION NNP 34457 147 4 . . . 34457 148 1 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 148 2 systems system NNS 34457 148 3 , , , 34457 148 4 79 79 CD 34457 148 5 . . . 34457 149 1 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 149 2 systems system NNS 34457 149 3 , , , 34457 149 4 80 80 CD 34457 149 5 . . . 34457 150 1 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 150 2 compounds compound NNS 34457 150 3 of of IN 34457 150 4 metal metal NN 34457 150 5 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 150 6 , , , 34457 150 7 82 82 CD 34457 150 8 . . . 34457 151 1 Salts salt NNS 34457 151 2 with with IN 34457 151 3 water water NN 34457 151 4 of of IN 34457 151 5 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 151 6 , , , 34457 151 7 85 85 CD 34457 151 8 . . . 34457 152 1 Efflorescence efflorescence NN 34457 152 2 , , , 34457 152 3 86 86 CD 34457 152 4 . . . 34457 153 1 Indefiniteness indefiniteness NN 34457 153 2 of of IN 34457 153 3 the the DT 34457 153 4 vapour vapour JJ 34457 153 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 153 6 of of IN 34457 153 7 a a DT 34457 153 8 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 153 9 , , , 34457 153 10 87 87 CD 34457 153 11 . . . 34457 154 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 154 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 154 3 , , , 34457 154 4 89 89 CD 34457 154 5 . . . 34457 155 1 Range range NN 34457 155 2 of of IN 34457 155 3 existence existence NN 34457 155 4 of of IN 34457 155 5 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 155 6 , , , 34457 155 7 90 90 CD 34457 155 8 . . . 34457 156 1 Constancy constancy NN 34457 156 2 of of IN 34457 156 3 vapour vapour JJ 34457 156 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 156 5 and and CC 34457 156 6 the the DT 34457 156 7 formation formation NN 34457 156 8 of of IN 34457 156 9 compounds compound NNS 34457 156 10 , , , 34457 156 11 90 90 CD 34457 156 12 . . . 34457 157 1 Measurement Measurement NNP 34457 157 2 of of IN 34457 157 3 the the DT 34457 157 4 vapour vapour JJ 34457 157 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 157 6 of of IN 34457 157 7 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 157 8 , , , 34457 157 9 91 91 CD 34457 157 10 . . . 34457 158 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 158 2 VI VI NNP 34457 158 3 SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS NNP 34457 158 4 92 92 CD 34457 158 5 Definition Definition NNP 34457 158 6 , , , 34457 158 7 92 92 CD 34457 158 8 . . . 34457 159 1 SOLUTIONS solutions NN 34457 159 2 OF of IN 34457 159 3 GASES GASES NNP 34457 159 4 IN in IN 34457 159 5 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 159 6 , , , 34457 159 7 93 93 CD 34457 159 8 . . . 34457 160 1 SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS NNP 34457 160 2 OF of IN 34457 160 3 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 160 4 IN in IN 34457 160 5 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 160 6 , , , 34457 160 7 95 95 CD 34457 160 8 . . . 34457 161 1 Partial partial JJ 34457 161 2 or or CC 34457 161 3 limited limited JJ 34457 161 4 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 161 5 , , , 34457 161 6 96 96 CD 34457 161 7 . . . 34457 162 1 Phenol phenol NN 34457 162 2 and and CC 34457 162 3 water water NN 34457 162 4 , , , 34457 162 5 97 97 CD 34457 162 6 . . . 34457 163 1 Methylethylketone methylethylketone NN 34457 163 2 and and CC 34457 163 3 water water NN 34457 163 4 , , , 34457 163 5 100 100 CD 34457 163 6 . . . 34457 164 1 Triethylamine triethylamine NN 34457 164 2 and and CC 34457 164 3 water water NN 34457 164 4 , , , 34457 164 5 101 101 CD 34457 164 6 . . . 34457 165 1 General general JJ 34457 165 2 form form NN 34457 165 3 of of IN 34457 165 4 concentration concentration NN 34457 165 5 - - HYPH 34457 165 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 165 7 curve curve NN 34457 165 8 , , , 34457 165 9 101 101 CD 34457 165 10 . . . 34457 166 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 166 2 - - HYPH 34457 166 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 166 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 166 5 , , , 34457 166 6 102 102 CD 34457 166 7 . . . 34457 167 1 Complete complete JJ 34457 167 2 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 167 3 , , , 34457 167 4 104 104 CD 34457 167 5 . . . 34457 168 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 168 2 - - HYPH 34457 168 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 168 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 168 5 , , , 34457 168 6 104 104 CD 34457 168 7 . . . 34457 169 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 169 2 VII vii NN 34457 169 3 SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS NNP 34457 169 4 OF of IN 34457 169 5 SOLIDS solids NN 34457 169 6 IN in IN 34457 169 7 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 169 8 , , , 34457 169 9 ONLY only RB 34457 169 10 ONE one CD 34457 169 11 OF of IN 34457 169 12 THE the DT 34457 169 13 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 169 14 BEING BEING NNP 34457 169 15 VOLATILE VOLATILE VBD 34457 169 16 106 106 CD 34457 169 17 General General NNP 34457 169 18 , , , 34457 169 19 106 106 CD 34457 169 20 . . . 34457 170 1 The the DT 34457 170 2 saturated saturate VBN 34457 170 3 solution solution NN 34457 170 4 , , , 34457 170 5 108 108 CD 34457 170 6 . . . 34457 171 1 Form form NN 34457 171 2 of of IN 34457 171 3 the the DT 34457 171 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 171 5 curve curve NN 34457 171 6 , , , 34457 171 7 108 108 CD 34457 171 8 . . . 34457 172 1 A. a. JJ 34457 172 2 ANHYDROUS ANHYDROUS NNP 34457 172 3 SALT SALT NNP 34457 172 4 AND and CC 34457 172 5 WATER WATER NNP 34457 172 6 . . . 34457 173 1 { { -LRB- 34457 173 2 xiii xiii NN 34457 173 3 } } -RRB- 34457 173 4 The the DT 34457 173 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 173 6 curve curve NN 34457 173 7 , , , 34457 173 8 111 111 CD 34457 173 9 . . . 34457 174 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 174 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 174 3 and and CC 34457 174 4 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 174 5 , , , 34457 174 6 113 113 CD 34457 174 7 . . . 34457 175 1 Solubility solubility NN 34457 175 2 curve curve NN 34457 175 3 at at IN 34457 175 4 higher high JJR 34457 175 5 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 175 6 , , , 34457 175 7 114 114 CD 34457 175 8 . . . 34457 176 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 176 2 1 1 LS 34457 176 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 176 4 _ _ NNP 34457 176 5 Complete complete JJ 34457 176 6 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 176 7 of of IN 34457 176 8 the the DT 34457 176 9 fused fuse VBN 34457 176 10 components component NNS 34457 176 11 . . . 34457 176 12 _ _ NNP 34457 176 13 Ice Ice NNP 34457 176 14 as as IN 34457 176 15 solid solid JJ 34457 176 16 phase phase NN 34457 176 17 , , , 34457 176 18 116 116 CD 34457 176 19 . . . 34457 177 1 Cryohydrates Cryohydrates NNP 34457 177 2 , , , 34457 177 3 117 117 CD 34457 177 4 . . . 34457 178 1 Changes change NNS 34457 178 2 at at IN 34457 178 3 the the DT 34457 178 4 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 178 5 point point NN 34457 178 6 , , , 34457 178 7 119 119 CD 34457 178 8 . . . 34457 179 1 Freezing freeze VBG 34457 179 2 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 179 3 , , , 34457 179 4 120 120 CD 34457 179 5 . . . 34457 180 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 180 2 2 2 LS 34457 180 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 180 4 _ _ NNP 34457 180 5 Partial partial JJ 34457 180 6 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 180 7 of of IN 34457 180 8 the the DT 34457 180 9 fused fuse VBN 34457 180 10 components component NNS 34457 180 11 . . . 34457 180 12 _ _ NNP 34457 180 13 Supersaturation Supersaturation NNP 34457 180 14 , , , 34457 180 15 124 124 CD 34457 180 16 . . . 34457 181 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 181 2 - - HYPH 34457 181 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 181 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 181 5 , , , 34457 181 6 126 126 CD 34457 181 7 . . . 34457 182 1 Vapour vapour JJ 34457 182 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 182 3 of of IN 34457 182 4 solid solid JJ 34457 182 5 -- -- : 34457 182 6 solution solution NN 34457 182 7 -- -- : 34457 182 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 182 9 , , , 34457 182 10 126 126 CD 34457 182 11 . . . 34457 183 1 Other other JJ 34457 183 2 univariant univariant JJ 34457 183 3 systems system NNS 34457 183 4 , , , 34457 183 5 127 127 CD 34457 183 6 . . . 34457 184 1 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 184 2 systems system NNS 34457 184 3 , , , 34457 184 4 129 129 CD 34457 184 5 . . . 34457 185 1 Deliquescence Deliquescence NNP 34457 185 2 , , , 34457 185 3 130 130 CD 34457 185 4 . . . 34457 186 1 Separation separation NN 34457 186 2 of of IN 34457 186 3 salt salt NN 34457 186 4 on on IN 34457 186 5 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 186 6 , , , 34457 186 7 130 130 CD 34457 186 8 . . . 34457 187 1 General general JJ 34457 187 2 summary summary NN 34457 187 3 , , , 34457 187 4 131 131 CD 34457 187 5 . . . 34457 188 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 188 2 VIII viii NN 34457 188 3 SOLUTIONS solution NNS 34457 188 4 OF of IN 34457 188 5 SOLIDS solids NN 34457 188 6 IN in IN 34457 188 7 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 188 8 , , , 34457 188 9 ONLY only RB 34457 188 10 ONE one CD 34457 188 11 OF of IN 34457 188 12 THE the DT 34457 188 13 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 188 14 BEING BEING NNP 34457 188 15 VOLATILE VOLATILE NNP 34457 188 16 133 133 CD 34457 188 17 B. B. NNP 34457 188 18 HYDRATED HYDRATED NNP 34457 188 19 SALT SALT NNP 34457 188 20 AND and CC 34457 188 21 WATER WATER NNP 34457 188 22 , , , 34457 188 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 188 24 1 1 LS 34457 188 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 188 26 _ _ NNP 34457 188 27 The the DT 34457 188 28 compounds compound NNS 34457 188 29 formed form VBN 34457 188 30 do do VBP 34457 188 31 not not RB 34457 188 32 have have VB 34457 188 33 a a DT 34457 188 34 definite definite JJ 34457 188 35 melting melting NN 34457 188 36 point point NN 34457 188 37 . . . 34457 188 38 _ _ NNP 34457 188 39 Concentration Concentration NNP 34457 188 40 - - HYPH 34457 188 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 188 42 diagram diagram NN 34457 188 43 , , , 34457 188 44 133 133 CD 34457 188 45 . . . 34457 189 1 Sodium sodium NN 34457 189 2 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 189 3 and and CC 34457 189 4 water water NN 34457 189 5 , , , 34457 189 6 134 134 CD 34457 189 7 . . . 34457 190 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 190 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 190 3 , , , 34457 190 4 137 137 CD 34457 190 5 . . . 34457 191 1 Dehydration dehydration NN 34457 191 2 by by IN 34457 191 3 means mean NNS 34457 191 4 of of IN 34457 191 5 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 191 6 sodium sodium NN 34457 191 7 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 191 8 , , , 34457 191 9 138 138 CD 34457 191 10 . . . 34457 192 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 192 2 - - HYPH 34457 192 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 192 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 192 5 , , , 34457 192 6 138 138 CD 34457 192 7 . . . 34457 193 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 193 2 2 2 LS 34457 193 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 193 4 _ _ NNP 34457 193 5 The the DT 34457 193 6 compounds compound NNS 34457 193 7 formed form VBN 34457 193 8 have have VBP 34457 193 9 a a DT 34457 193 10 definite definite JJ 34457 193 11 melting melting NN 34457 193 12 point point NN 34457 193 13 . . . 34457 193 14 _ _ NNP 34457 193 15 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 193 16 curve curve NN 34457 193 17 of of IN 34457 193 18 calcium calcium NN 34457 193 19 chloride chloride NN 34457 193 20 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 193 21 , , , 34457 193 22 145 145 CD 34457 193 23 . . . 34457 194 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 194 2 - - HYPH 34457 194 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 194 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 194 5 , , , 34457 194 6 149 149 CD 34457 194 7 . . . 34457 195 1 The the DT 34457 195 2 indifferent indifferent JJ 34457 195 3 point point NN 34457 195 4 , , , 34457 195 5 150 150 CD 34457 195 6 . . . 34457 196 1 The the DT 34457 196 2 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 196 3 of of IN 34457 196 4 ferric ferric JJ 34457 196 5 chloride chloride NN 34457 196 6 , , , 34457 196 7 151 151 CD 34457 196 8 . . . 34457 197 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 197 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 197 3 , , , 34457 197 4 155 155 CD 34457 197 5 . . . 34457 198 1 Evaporation evaporation NN 34457 198 2 of of IN 34457 198 3 solutions solution NNS 34457 198 4 at at IN 34457 198 5 constant constant JJ 34457 198 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 198 7 , , , 34457 198 8 155 155 CD 34457 198 9 . . . 34457 199 1 Inevaporable inevaporable JJ 34457 199 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 199 3 , , , 34457 199 4 157 157 CD 34457 199 5 . . . 34457 200 1 Illustration illustration NN 34457 200 2 , , , 34457 200 3 158 158 CD 34457 200 4 . . . 34457 201 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 201 2 IX IX NNP 34457 201 3 EQUILIBRIA equilibria NN 34457 201 4 BETWEEN between IN 34457 201 5 TWO two CD 34457 201 6 VOLATILE VOLATILE VBD 34457 201 7 COMPONENTS COMPONENTS NNP 34457 201 8 161 161 CD 34457 201 9 General General NNP 34457 201 10 , , , 34457 201 11 161 161 CD 34457 201 12 . . . 34457 202 1 Iodine iodine NN 34457 202 2 and and CC 34457 202 3 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 202 4 , , , 34457 202 5 161 161 CD 34457 202 6 . . . 34457 203 1 Concentration concentration NN 34457 203 2 - - HYPH 34457 203 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 203 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 203 5 , , , 34457 203 6 162 162 CD 34457 203 7 . . . 34457 204 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 204 2 - - HYPH 34457 204 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 204 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 204 5 , , , 34457 204 6 165 165 CD 34457 204 7 . . . 34457 205 1 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 205 2 systems system NNS 34457 205 3 , , , 34457 205 4 167 167 CD 34457 205 5 . . . 34457 206 1 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 206 2 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 206 3 and and CC 34457 206 4 water water NN 34457 206 5 , , , 34457 206 6 169 169 CD 34457 206 7 . . . 34457 207 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 207 2 - - HYPH 34457 207 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 207 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 207 5 , , , 34457 207 6 170 170 CD 34457 207 7 . . . 34457 208 1 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 208 2 systems system NNS 34457 208 3 , , , 34457 208 4 173 173 CD 34457 208 5 . . . 34457 209 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 209 2 X X NNP 34457 209 3 SOLID SOLID NNP 34457 209 4 SOLUTIONS solution NNS 34457 209 5 . . . 34457 210 1 MIXED MIXED NNP 34457 210 2 CRYSTALS CRYSTALS NNP 34457 210 3 175 175 CD 34457 210 4 General General NNP 34457 210 5 , , , 34457 210 6 175 175 CD 34457 210 7 . . . 34457 211 1 Solution solution NN 34457 211 2 of of IN 34457 211 3 gases gas NNS 34457 211 4 in in IN 34457 211 5 solids solid NNS 34457 211 6 , , , 34457 211 7 176 176 CD 34457 211 8 . . . 34457 212 1 Palladium palladium NN 34457 212 2 and and CC 34457 212 3 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 212 4 , , , 34457 212 5 178 178 CD 34457 212 6 . . . 34457 213 1 Solutions solution NNS 34457 213 2 of of IN 34457 213 3 solids solid NNS 34457 213 4 in in IN 34457 213 5 solids solid NNS 34457 213 6 . . . 34457 214 1 Mixed mixed JJ 34457 214 2 crystals crystal NNS 34457 214 3 , , , 34457 214 4 180 180 CD 34457 214 5 . . . 34457 215 1 Formation formation NN 34457 215 2 of of IN 34457 215 3 mixed mixed JJ 34457 215 4 crystals crystal NNS 34457 215 5 of of IN 34457 215 6 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 215 7 substances substance NNS 34457 215 8 , , , 34457 215 9 182 182 CD 34457 215 10 . . . 34457 216 1 I. I. NNP 34457 217 1 The the DT 34457 217 2 two two CD 34457 217 3 components component NNS 34457 217 4 can can MD 34457 217 5 form form VB 34457 217 6 an an DT 34457 217 7 unbroken unbroken JJ 34457 217 8 series series NN 34457 217 9 of of IN 34457 217 10 mixed mixed JJ 34457 217 11 crystals crystal NNS 34457 217 12 . . . 34457 218 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 218 2 _ _ NNP 34457 218 3 a a DT 34457 218 4 _ _ NNP 34457 218 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 218 6 _ _ NNP 34457 218 7 The the DT 34457 218 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 218 9 points point NNS 34457 218 10 of of IN 34457 218 11 all all DT 34457 218 12 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 218 13 lie lie VBP 34457 218 14 between between IN 34457 218 15 the the DT 34457 218 16 freezing freezing JJ 34457 218 17 points point NNS 34457 218 18 of of IN 34457 218 19 the the DT 34457 218 20 pure pure JJ 34457 218 21 components component NNS 34457 218 22 . . . 34457 218 23 _ _ NNP 34457 218 24 Examples Examples NNP 34457 218 25 , , , 34457 218 26 183 183 CD 34457 218 27 . . . 34457 219 1 Melting melt VBG 34457 219 2 - - HYPH 34457 219 3 point point NN 34457 219 4 curve curve NN 34457 219 5 , , , 34457 219 6 183 183 CD 34457 219 7 . . . 34457 220 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 220 2 _ _ NNP 34457 220 3 b b NNP 34457 220 4 _ _ NNP 34457 220 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 220 6 _ _ NNP 34457 220 7 The the DT 34457 220 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 220 9 - - HYPH 34457 220 10 point point NN 34457 220 11 curve curve NN 34457 220 12 passes pass VBZ 34457 220 13 through through IN 34457 220 14 a a DT 34457 220 15 maximum maximum NN 34457 220 16 . . . 34457 220 17 _ _ NNP 34457 220 18 Example Example NNP 34457 220 19 , , , 34457 220 20 186 186 CD 34457 220 21 . . . 34457 221 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 221 2 _ _ NNP 34457 221 3 c c NNP 34457 221 4 _ _ NNP 34457 221 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 221 6 _ _ NNP 34457 221 7 The the DT 34457 221 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 221 9 - - HYPH 34457 221 10 point point NN 34457 221 11 curve curve NN 34457 221 12 passes pass VBZ 34457 221 13 through through IN 34457 221 14 a a DT 34457 221 15 minimum minimum NN 34457 221 16 . . . 34457 221 17 _ _ NNP 34457 221 18 Example Example NNP 34457 221 19 , , , 34457 221 20 188 188 CD 34457 221 21 . . . 34457 222 1 Fractional fractional JJ 34457 222 2 { { -LRB- 34457 222 3 xiv xiv NN 34457 222 4 } } -RRB- 34457 222 5 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 222 6 of of IN 34457 222 7 mixed mixed JJ 34457 222 8 crystals crystal NNS 34457 222 9 , , , 34457 222 10 188 188 CD 34457 222 11 . . . 34457 223 1 II ii CD 34457 223 2 . . . 34457 224 1 The the DT 34457 224 2 two two CD 34457 224 3 components component NNS 34457 224 4 do do VBP 34457 224 5 not not RB 34457 224 6 form form VB 34457 224 7 a a DT 34457 224 8 continuous continuous JJ 34457 224 9 series series NN 34457 224 10 of of IN 34457 224 11 mixed mixed JJ 34457 224 12 crystals crystal NNS 34457 224 13 . . . 34457 225 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 225 2 _ _ NNP 34457 225 3 a a DT 34457 225 4 _ _ NNP 34457 225 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 225 6 _ _ NNP 34457 225 7 The the DT 34457 225 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 225 9 - - HYPH 34457 225 10 point point NN 34457 225 11 curve curve NN 34457 225 12 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 225 13 a a DT 34457 225 14 transition transition NN 34457 225 15 point point NN 34457 225 16 _ _ NNP 34457 225 17 , , , 34457 225 18 190 190 CD 34457 225 19 . . . 34457 226 1 Example example NN 34457 226 2 , , , 34457 226 3 190 190 CD 34457 226 4 . . . 34457 227 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 227 2 _ _ NNP 34457 227 3 b b NNP 34457 227 4 _ _ NNP 34457 227 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 227 6 _ _ NNP 34457 227 7 The the DT 34457 227 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 227 9 - - HYPH 34457 227 10 point point NN 34457 227 11 curve curve NN 34457 227 12 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 227 13 a a DT 34457 227 14 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 227 15 point point NN 34457 227 16 _ _ NNP 34457 227 17 , , , 34457 227 18 191 191 CD 34457 227 19 . . . 34457 228 1 Examples example NNS 34457 228 2 , , , 34457 228 3 192 192 CD 34457 228 4 . . . 34457 229 1 Changes change NNS 34457 229 2 in in IN 34457 229 3 mixed mixed JJ 34457 229 4 crystals crystal NNS 34457 229 5 with with IN 34457 229 6 the the DT 34457 229 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 229 8 , , , 34457 229 9 192 192 CD 34457 229 10 . . . 34457 230 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 230 2 XI XI NNP 34457 230 3 EQUILIBRIUM equilibrium NN 34457 230 4 BETWEEN between IN 34457 230 5 DYNAMIC DYNAMIC NNP 34457 230 6 ISOMERIDES ISOMERIDES NNP 34457 230 7 195 195 CD 34457 230 8 Temperature temperature NN 34457 230 9 - - HYPH 34457 230 10 concentration concentration NN 34457 230 11 diagram diagram NN 34457 230 12 , , , 34457 230 13 196 196 CD 34457 230 14 . . . 34457 231 1 Transformation transformation NN 34457 231 2 of of IN 34457 231 3 the the DT 34457 231 4 unstable unstable JJ 34457 231 5 into into IN 34457 231 6 the the DT 34457 231 7 stable stable JJ 34457 231 8 form form NN 34457 231 9 , , , 34457 231 10 201 201 CD 34457 231 11 . . . 34457 232 1 Examples example NNS 34457 232 2 , , , 34457 232 3 203 203 CD 34457 232 4 . . . 34457 233 1 _ _ NNP 34457 233 2 Benzaldoximes Benzaldoximes NNP 34457 233 3 _ _ NNP 34457 233 4 , , , 34457 233 5 203 203 CD 34457 233 6 . . . 34457 234 1 _ _ NNP 34457 234 2 Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde NNP 34457 234 3 and and CC 34457 234 4 paraldehyde paraldehyde NNP 34457 234 5 _ _ NNP 34457 234 6 , , , 34457 234 7 204 204 CD 34457 234 8 . . . 34457 235 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 235 2 XII XII NNP 34457 235 3 SUMMARY.--APPLICATION SUMMARY.--APPLICATION NNP 34457 235 4 OF of IN 34457 235 5 THE the DT 34457 235 6 PHASE phase NN 34457 235 7 RULE rule NN 34457 235 8 TO to IN 34457 235 9 THE the DT 34457 235 10 STUDY STUDY NNP 34457 235 11 OF of IN 34457 235 12 SYSTEMS SYSTEMS NNP 34457 235 13 OF of IN 34457 235 14 TWO two CD 34457 235 15 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 235 16 207 207 CD 34457 235 17 Summary Summary NNP 34457 235 18 of of IN 34457 235 19 the the DT 34457 235 20 different different JJ 34457 235 21 systems system NNS 34457 235 22 of of IN 34457 235 23 two two CD 34457 235 24 components component NNS 34457 235 25 , , , 34457 235 26 208 208 CD 34457 235 27 . . . 34457 236 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 236 2 1 1 LS 34457 236 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 236 4 _ _ NNP 34457 236 5 Organic Organic NNP 34457 236 6 compounds compound NNS 34457 236 7 _ _ NNP 34457 236 8 , , , 34457 236 9 212 212 CD 34457 236 10 . . . 34457 237 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 237 2 2 2 LS 34457 237 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 237 4 _ _ NNP 34457 237 5 Optically optically RB 34457 237 6 active active JJ 34457 237 7 substances substance NNS 34457 237 8 _ _ NNP 34457 237 9 , , , 34457 237 10 213 213 CD 34457 237 11 . . . 34457 238 1 Examples example NNS 34457 238 2 , , , 34457 238 3 216 216 CD 34457 238 4 . . . 34457 239 1 Transformations transformation NNS 34457 239 2 , , , 34457 239 3 217 217 CD 34457 239 4 . . . 34457 240 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 240 2 3 3 LS 34457 240 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 240 4 _ _ NNP 34457 240 5 Alloys Alloys NNPS 34457 240 6 _ _ NNP 34457 240 7 , , , 34457 240 8 220 220 CD 34457 240 9 . . . 34457 241 1 Iron iron NN 34457 241 2 -- -- : 34457 241 3 carbon carbon NN 34457 241 4 alloys alloy NNS 34457 241 5 , , , 34457 241 6 223 223 CD 34457 241 7 . . . 34457 242 1 Determination determination NN 34457 242 2 of of IN 34457 242 3 the the DT 34457 242 4 composition composition NN 34457 242 5 of of IN 34457 242 6 compounds compound NNS 34457 242 7 without without IN 34457 242 8 analysis analysis NN 34457 242 9 , , , 34457 242 10 228 228 CD 34457 242 11 . . . 34457 243 1 Formation formation NN 34457 243 2 of of IN 34457 243 3 minerals mineral NNS 34457 243 4 , , , 34457 243 5 232 232 CD 34457 243 6 . . . 34457 244 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 244 2 XIII xiii NN 34457 244 3 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 244 4 OF of IN 34457 244 5 THREE three CD 34457 244 6 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 244 7 234 234 CD 34457 244 8 General General NNP 34457 244 9 , , , 34457 244 10 234 234 CD 34457 244 11 . . . 34457 245 1 Graphic graphic JJ 34457 245 2 representation representation NN 34457 245 3 , , , 34457 245 4 235 235 CD 34457 245 5 . . . 34457 246 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 246 2 XIV XIV NNP 34457 246 3 SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS NNP 34457 246 4 OF of IN 34457 246 5 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 246 6 IN in IN 34457 246 7 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 246 8 240 240 CD 34457 246 9 1 1 CD 34457 246 10 . . . 34457 247 1 _ _ NNP 34457 247 2 The the DT 34457 247 3 three three CD 34457 247 4 components component NNS 34457 247 5 form form VBP 34457 247 6 only only RB 34457 247 7 one one CD 34457 247 8 pair pair NN 34457 247 9 of of IN 34457 247 10 partially partially RB 34457 247 11 miscible miscible JJ 34457 247 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 247 13 _ _ NNP 34457 247 14 , , , 34457 247 15 240 240 CD 34457 247 16 . . . 34457 248 1 Retrograde retrograde NN 34457 248 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 248 3 , , , 34457 248 4 245 245 CD 34457 248 5 . . . 34457 249 1 The the DT 34457 249 2 influence influence NN 34457 249 3 of of IN 34457 249 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 249 5 , , , 34457 249 6 247 247 CD 34457 249 7 . . . 34457 250 1 2 2 LS 34457 250 2 . . . 34457 251 1 _ _ NNP 34457 251 2 The the DT 34457 251 3 three three CD 34457 251 4 components component NNS 34457 251 5 can can MD 34457 251 6 form form VB 34457 251 7 two two CD 34457 251 8 pairs pair NNS 34457 251 9 of of IN 34457 251 10 partially partially RB 34457 251 11 miscible miscible JJ 34457 251 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 251 13 _ _ NNP 34457 251 14 , , , 34457 251 15 249 249 CD 34457 251 16 . . . 34457 252 1 3 3 LS 34457 252 2 . . . 34457 253 1 _ _ NNP 34457 253 2 The the DT 34457 253 3 three three CD 34457 253 4 components component NNS 34457 253 5 form form NN 34457 253 6 three three CD 34457 253 7 pairs pair NNS 34457 253 8 of of IN 34457 253 9 partially partially RB 34457 253 10 miscible miscible JJ 34457 253 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 253 12 _ _ NNP 34457 253 13 , , , 34457 253 14 251 251 CD 34457 253 15 . . . 34457 254 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 254 2 XV XV NNP 34457 254 3 PRESENCE presence NN 34457 254 4 OF of IN 34457 254 5 SOLID solid JJ 34457 254 6 PHASES phase NNS 34457 254 7 253 253 CD 34457 254 8 A. a. NN 34457 255 1 The the DT 34457 255 2 ternary ternary JJ 34457 255 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 255 4 point point NN 34457 255 5 , , , 34457 255 6 253 253 CD 34457 255 7 . . . 34457 256 1 Formation formation NN 34457 256 2 of of IN 34457 256 3 compounds compound NNS 34457 256 4 , , , 34457 256 5 255 255 CD 34457 256 6 . . . 34457 257 1 B. B. NNP 34457 257 2 Equilibria Equilibria NNP 34457 257 3 at at IN 34457 257 4 higher high JJR 34457 257 5 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 257 6 . . . 34457 258 1 Formation formation NN 34457 258 2 of of IN 34457 258 3 double double JJ 34457 258 4 salts salt NNS 34457 258 5 , , , 34457 258 6 258 258 CD 34457 258 7 . . . 34457 259 1 Transition transition NN 34457 259 2 point point NN 34457 259 3 , , , 34457 259 4 258 258 CD 34457 259 5 . . . 34457 260 1 Vapour vapour JJ 34457 260 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 260 3 . . . 34457 261 1 { { -LRB- 34457 261 2 xv xv NNP 34457 261 3 } } -RRB- 34457 261 4 Quintuple Quintuple NNP 34457 261 5 point point NN 34457 261 6 , , , 34457 261 7 261 261 CD 34457 261 8 . . . 34457 262 1 Solubility solubility NN 34457 262 2 curves curve VBZ 34457 262 3 at at IN 34457 262 4 the the DT 34457 262 5 transition transition NN 34457 262 6 point point NN 34457 262 7 , , , 34457 262 8 264 264 CD 34457 262 9 . . . 34457 263 1 Decomposition decomposition NN 34457 263 2 of of IN 34457 263 3 the the DT 34457 263 4 double double JJ 34457 263 5 salt salt NN 34457 263 6 by by IN 34457 263 7 water water NN 34457 263 8 , , , 34457 263 9 267 267 CD 34457 263 10 . . . 34457 264 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 264 2 interval interval NN 34457 264 3 , , , 34457 264 4 270 270 CD 34457 264 5 . . . 34457 265 1 Summary Summary NNP 34457 265 2 , , , 34457 265 3 271 271 CD 34457 265 4 . . . 34457 266 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 266 2 XVI XVI NNP 34457 266 3 ISOTHERMAL ISOTHERMAL NNP 34457 266 4 CURVES CURVES NNP 34457 266 5 AND and CC 34457 266 6 THE the DT 34457 266 7 SPACE space NN 34457 266 8 MODEL MODEL NNP 34457 266 9 272 272 CD 34457 266 10 Non non NN 34457 266 11 - - NN 34457 266 12 formation formation NN 34457 266 13 of of IN 34457 266 14 double double JJ 34457 266 15 salts salt NNS 34457 266 16 , , , 34457 266 17 272 272 CD 34457 266 18 . . . 34457 267 1 Formation formation NN 34457 267 2 of of IN 34457 267 3 double double JJ 34457 267 4 salt salt NN 34457 267 5 , , , 34457 267 6 273 273 CD 34457 267 7 . . . 34457 268 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 268 2 interval interval NN 34457 268 3 , , , 34457 268 4 277 277 CD 34457 268 5 . . . 34457 269 1 Isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 269 2 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 269 3 , , , 34457 269 4 278 278 CD 34457 269 5 . . . 34457 270 1 Crystallization crystallization NN 34457 270 2 of of IN 34457 270 3 double double JJ 34457 270 4 salt salt NN 34457 270 5 from from IN 34457 270 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 270 7 containing contain VBG 34457 270 8 excess excess NN 34457 270 9 of of IN 34457 270 10 one one CD 34457 270 11 component component NN 34457 270 12 , , , 34457 270 13 280 280 CD 34457 270 14 . . . 34457 271 1 Formation formation NN 34457 271 2 of of IN 34457 271 3 mixed mixed JJ 34457 271 4 crystals crystal NNS 34457 271 5 , , , 34457 271 6 281 281 CD 34457 271 7 . . . 34457 272 1 Application application NN 34457 272 2 to to IN 34457 272 3 the the DT 34457 272 4 characterization characterization NN 34457 272 5 of of IN 34457 272 6 racemates racemate NNS 34457 272 7 , , , 34457 272 8 282 282 CD 34457 272 9 . . . 34457 273 1 _ _ NNP 34457 273 2 Representation Representation NNP 34457 273 3 in in IN 34457 273 4 space space NN 34457 273 5 . . . 34457 273 6 _ _ NNP 34457 273 7 Space Space NNP 34457 273 8 model model NN 34457 273 9 for for IN 34457 273 10 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 273 11 , , , 34457 273 12 284 284 CD 34457 273 13 . . . 34457 274 1 Summary summary JJ 34457 274 2 and and CC 34457 274 3 numerical numerical JJ 34457 274 4 data datum NNS 34457 274 5 , , , 34457 274 6 287 287 CD 34457 274 7 . . . 34457 275 1 Ferric ferric JJ 34457 275 2 chloride chloride NN 34457 275 3 -- -- : 34457 275 4 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 275 5 chloride chloride NN 34457 275 6 -- -- : 34457 275 7 water water NN 34457 275 8 , , , 34457 275 9 290 290 CD 34457 275 10 . . . 34457 276 1 Ternary ternary JJ 34457 276 2 systems system NNS 34457 276 3 , , , 34457 276 4 291 291 CD 34457 276 5 . . . 34457 277 1 The the DT 34457 277 2 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 277 3 curves curve NNS 34457 277 4 , , , 34457 277 5 294 294 CD 34457 277 6 . . . 34457 278 1 Basic Basic NNP 34457 278 2 Salts Salts NNP 34457 278 3 , , , 34457 278 4 296 296 CD 34457 278 5 . . . 34457 279 1 Bi_{2}O_{3}--N_{2}O_{5}--H_{2}O Bi_{2}O_{3}--N_{2}O_{5}--H_{2}O NNP 34457 279 2 , , , 34457 279 3 298 298 CD 34457 279 4 . . . 34457 280 1 Basic basic JJ 34457 280 2 mercury mercury NN 34457 280 3 salts salt NNS 34457 280 4 , , , 34457 280 5 301 301 CD 34457 280 6 . . . 34457 281 1 Indirect indirect JJ 34457 281 2 determination determination NN 34457 281 3 of of IN 34457 281 4 the the DT 34457 281 5 composition composition NN 34457 281 6 of of IN 34457 281 7 the the DT 34457 281 8 solid solid JJ 34457 281 9 phase phase NN 34457 281 10 , , , 34457 281 11 302 302 CD 34457 281 12 . . . 34457 282 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 282 2 XVII XVII NNP 34457 282 3 ABSENCE absence NN 34457 282 4 OF of IN 34457 282 5 LIQUID LIQUID NNP 34457 282 6 PHASE phase NN 34457 282 7 305 305 CD 34457 282 8 Iron iron NN 34457 282 9 , , , 34457 282 10 carbon carbon NN 34457 282 11 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 282 12 , , , 34457 282 13 carbon carbon NN 34457 282 14 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 282 15 , , , 34457 282 16 305 305 CD 34457 282 17 . . . 34457 283 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 283 2 XVIII xviii NN 34457 283 3 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 283 4 OF of IN 34457 283 5 FOUR four CD 34457 283 6 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 283 7 312 312 CD 34457 283 8 Reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 283 9 salt salt NN 34457 283 10 - - HYPH 34457 283 11 pairs pair NNS 34457 283 12 . . . 34457 284 1 Choice choice NN 34457 284 2 of of IN 34457 284 3 components component NNS 34457 284 4 , , , 34457 284 5 313 313 CD 34457 284 6 . . . 34457 285 1 Transition transition NN 34457 285 2 point point NN 34457 285 3 , , , 34457 285 4 314 314 CD 34457 285 5 . . . 34457 286 1 Formation formation NN 34457 286 2 of of IN 34457 286 3 double double JJ 34457 286 4 salts salt NNS 34457 286 5 , , , 34457 286 6 315 315 CD 34457 286 7 . . . 34457 287 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 287 2 interval interval NN 34457 287 3 , , , 34457 287 4 315 315 CD 34457 287 5 . . . 34457 288 1 Graphic graphic JJ 34457 288 2 representation representation NN 34457 288 3 , , , 34457 288 4 316 316 CD 34457 288 5 . . . 34457 289 1 Example example NN 34457 289 2 , , , 34457 289 3 317 317 CD 34457 289 4 . . . 34457 290 1 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 290 2 - - HYPH 34457 290 3 soda soda NN 34457 290 4 process process NN 34457 290 5 , , , 34457 290 6 320 320 CD 34457 290 7 . . . 34457 291 1 Preparation preparation NN 34457 291 2 of of IN 34457 291 3 barium barium NN 34457 291 4 nitrite nitrite NN 34457 291 5 , , , 34457 291 6 327 327 CD 34457 291 7 . . . 34457 292 1 Barium barium NN 34457 292 2 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 292 3 and and CC 34457 292 4 potassium potassium NN 34457 292 5 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 292 6 , , , 34457 292 7 328 328 CD 34457 292 8 . . . 34457 293 1 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 34457 293 2 EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL NNP 34457 293 3 DETERMINATION determination NN 34457 293 4 OF of IN 34457 293 5 THE the DT 34457 293 6 TRANSITION transition NN 34457 293 7 POINT POINT NNS 34457 293 8 331 331 CD 34457 293 9 I. i. NN 34457 294 1 The the DT 34457 294 2 dilatometric dilatometric JJ 34457 294 3 method method NN 34457 294 4 , , , 34457 294 5 331 331 CD 34457 294 6 . . . 34457 295 1 II ii CD 34457 295 2 . . . 34457 296 1 Measurement Measurement NNP 34457 296 2 of of IN 34457 296 3 the the DT 34457 296 4 vapour vapour JJ 34457 296 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 296 6 , , , 34457 296 7 334 334 CD 34457 296 8 . . . 34457 297 1 III iii CD 34457 297 2 . . . 34457 298 1 Solubility solubility NN 34457 298 2 measurements measurement NNS 34457 298 3 , , , 34457 298 4 335 335 CD 34457 298 5 . . . 34457 299 1 IV IV NNP 34457 299 2 . . . 34457 300 1 Thermometric thermometric JJ 34457 300 2 method method NN 34457 300 3 , , , 34457 300 4 337 337 CD 34457 300 5 . . . 34457 301 1 V. V. NNP 34457 301 2 Optical optical JJ 34457 301 3 method method NN 34457 301 4 , , , 34457 301 5 338 338 CD 34457 301 6 . . . 34457 302 1 VI VI NNP 34457 302 2 . . . 34457 303 1 Electrical electrical JJ 34457 303 2 methods method NNS 34457 303 3 , , , 34457 303 4 338 338 CD 34457 303 5 . . . 34457 304 1 NAME NAME NNP 34457 304 2 INDEX INDEX NNP 34457 304 3 341 341 CD 34457 304 4 SUBJECT subject JJ 34457 304 5 INDEX index NN 34457 304 6 345 345 CD 34457 304 7 * * NFP 34457 304 8 * * NFP 34457 304 9 * * NFP 34457 304 10 * * NFP 34457 304 11 * * NFP 34457 304 12 { { -LRB- 34457 304 13 1 1 CD 34457 304 14 } } -RRB- 34457 304 15 THE the DT 34457 304 16 PHASE phase NN 34457 304 17 RULE rule NN 34457 304 18 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 304 19 I -PRON- PRP 34457 304 20 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION VBD 34457 304 21 General.--Before general.--before DT 34457 304 22 proceeding proceeding NN 34457 304 23 to to IN 34457 304 24 the the DT 34457 304 25 more more RBR 34457 304 26 systematic systematic JJ 34457 304 27 treatment treatment NN 34457 304 28 of of IN 34457 304 29 the the DT 34457 304 30 Phase Phase NNP 34457 304 31 Rule Rule NNP 34457 304 32 , , , 34457 304 33 it -PRON- PRP 34457 304 34 may may MD 34457 304 35 , , , 34457 304 36 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 304 37 , , , 34457 304 38 be be VB 34457 304 39 not not RB 34457 304 40 amiss amiss JJ 34457 304 41 to to TO 34457 304 42 give give VB 34457 304 43 first first RB 34457 304 44 a a DT 34457 304 45 brief brief JJ 34457 304 46 forecast forecast NN 34457 304 47 of of IN 34457 304 48 the the DT 34457 304 49 nature nature NN 34457 304 50 of of IN 34457 304 51 the the DT 34457 304 52 subject subject NN 34457 304 53 we -PRON- PRP 34457 304 54 are be VBP 34457 304 55 about about JJ 34457 304 56 to to TO 34457 304 57 study study VB 34457 304 58 , , , 34457 304 59 in in IN 34457 304 60 order order NN 34457 304 61 that that IN 34457 304 62 we -PRON- PRP 34457 304 63 may may MD 34457 304 64 gain gain VB 34457 304 65 some some DT 34457 304 66 idea idea NN 34457 304 67 of of IN 34457 304 68 what what WP 34457 304 69 the the DT 34457 304 70 Phase Phase NNP 34457 304 71 Rule Rule NNP 34457 304 72 is be VBZ 34457 304 73 , , , 34457 304 74 of of IN 34457 304 75 the the DT 34457 304 76 kind kind NN 34457 304 77 of of IN 34457 304 78 problem problem NN 34457 304 79 which which WDT 34457 304 80 it -PRON- PRP 34457 304 81 enables enable VBZ 34457 304 82 us -PRON- PRP 34457 304 83 to to TO 34457 304 84 solve solve VB 34457 304 85 , , , 34457 304 86 and and CC 34457 304 87 of of IN 34457 304 88 the the DT 34457 304 89 scope scope NN 34457 304 90 of of IN 34457 304 91 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 304 92 application application NN 34457 304 93 . . . 34457 305 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 305 2 has have VBZ 34457 305 3 long long RB 34457 305 4 been be VBN 34457 305 5 known know VBN 34457 305 6 that that IN 34457 305 7 if if IN 34457 305 8 water water NN 34457 305 9 is be VBZ 34457 305 10 placed place VBN 34457 305 11 in in IN 34457 305 12 a a DT 34457 305 13 closed closed JJ 34457 305 14 , , , 34457 305 15 exhausted exhausted JJ 34457 305 16 space space NN 34457 305 17 , , , 34457 305 18 vapour vapour NNP 34457 305 19 is be VBZ 34457 305 20 given give VBN 34457 305 21 off off RP 34457 305 22 and and CC 34457 305 23 a a DT 34457 305 24 certain certain JJ 34457 305 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 305 26 is be VBZ 34457 305 27 created create VBN 34457 305 28 in in IN 34457 305 29 the the DT 34457 305 30 enclosing enclose VBG 34457 305 31 vessel vessel NN 34457 305 32 . . . 34457 306 1 Thus thus RB 34457 306 2 , , , 34457 306 3 when when WRB 34457 306 4 water water NN 34457 306 5 is be VBZ 34457 306 6 placed place VBN 34457 306 7 in in IN 34457 306 8 the the DT 34457 306 9 Torricellian torricellian JJ 34457 306 10 vacuum vacuum NN 34457 306 11 of of IN 34457 306 12 the the DT 34457 306 13 barometer barometer NN 34457 306 14 , , , 34457 306 15 the the DT 34457 306 16 mercury mercury NN 34457 306 17 is be VBZ 34457 306 18 depressed depressed JJ 34457 306 19 , , , 34457 306 20 and and CC 34457 306 21 the the DT 34457 306 22 amount amount NN 34457 306 23 of of IN 34457 306 24 depression depression NN 34457 306 25 increases increase NNS 34457 306 26 as as IN 34457 306 27 the the DT 34457 306 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 306 29 is be VBZ 34457 306 30 raised raise VBN 34457 306 31 . . . 34457 307 1 But but CC 34457 307 2 , , , 34457 307 3 although although IN 34457 307 4 the the DT 34457 307 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 307 6 of of IN 34457 307 7 the the DT 34457 307 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 307 9 increases increase NNS 34457 307 10 as as IN 34457 307 11 the the DT 34457 307 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 307 13 rises rise VBZ 34457 307 14 , , , 34457 307 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 307 16 value value NN 34457 307 17 at at IN 34457 307 18 any any DT 34457 307 19 given give VBN 34457 307 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 307 21 is be VBZ 34457 307 22 constant constant JJ 34457 307 23 , , , 34457 307 24 no no RB 34457 307 25 matter matter RB 34457 307 26 whether whether IN 34457 307 27 the the DT 34457 307 28 amount amount NN 34457 307 29 of of IN 34457 307 30 water water NN 34457 307 31 present present JJ 34457 307 32 or or CC 34457 307 33 the the DT 34457 307 34 volume volume NN 34457 307 35 of of IN 34457 307 36 the the DT 34457 307 37 vapour vapour NN 34457 307 38 is be VBZ 34457 307 39 great great JJ 34457 307 40 or or CC 34457 307 41 small small JJ 34457 307 42 ; ; : 34457 307 43 if if IN 34457 307 44 the the DT 34457 307 45 pressure pressure NN 34457 307 46 on on IN 34457 307 47 the the DT 34457 307 48 vapour vapour NN 34457 307 49 is be VBZ 34457 307 50 altered alter VBN 34457 307 51 while while IN 34457 307 52 the the DT 34457 307 53 temperature temperature NN 34457 307 54 is be VBZ 34457 307 55 maintained maintain VBN 34457 307 56 constant constant JJ 34457 307 57 , , , 34457 307 58 either either CC 34457 307 59 the the DT 34457 307 60 water water NN 34457 307 61 or or CC 34457 307 62 the the DT 34457 307 63 vapour vapour NN 34457 307 64 will will MD 34457 307 65 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 307 66 disappear disappear VB 34457 307 67 ; ; : 34457 307 68 the the DT 34457 307 69 former former JJ 34457 307 70 by by IN 34457 307 71 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 307 72 , , , 34457 307 73 the the DT 34457 307 74 latter latter JJ 34457 307 75 by by IN 34457 307 76 condensation condensation NN 34457 307 77 . . . 34457 308 1 At at IN 34457 308 2 any any DT 34457 308 3 given give VBN 34457 308 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 308 5 within within IN 34457 308 6 certain certain JJ 34457 308 7 limits limit NNS 34457 308 8 , , , 34457 308 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 308 10 , , , 34457 308 11 water water NN 34457 308 12 and and CC 34457 308 13 vapour vapour NN 34457 308 14 can can MD 34457 308 15 exist exist VB 34457 308 16 permanently permanently RB 34457 308 17 in in IN 34457 308 18 contact contact NN 34457 308 19 with with IN 34457 308 20 one one CD 34457 308 21 another another DT 34457 308 22 -- -- : 34457 308 23 or or CC 34457 308 24 , , , 34457 308 25 as as IN 34457 308 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 308 27 is be VBZ 34457 308 28 said say VBN 34457 308 29 , , , 34457 308 30 be be VB 34457 308 31 in in IN 34457 308 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 308 33 with with IN 34457 308 34 one one CD 34457 308 35 another another DT 34457 308 36 -- -- : 34457 308 37 only only RB 34457 308 38 when when WRB 34457 308 39 the the DT 34457 308 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 308 41 has have VBZ 34457 308 42 a a DT 34457 308 43 certain certain JJ 34457 308 44 definite definite JJ 34457 308 45 value value NN 34457 308 46 . . . 34457 309 1 The the DT 34457 309 2 same same JJ 34457 309 3 law law NN 34457 309 4 of of IN 34457 309 5 constancy constancy NN 34457 309 6 of of IN 34457 309 7 vapour vapour JJ 34457 309 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 309 9 at at IN 34457 309 10 a a DT 34457 309 11 given give VBN 34457 309 12 { { -LRB- 34457 309 13 2 2 CD 34457 309 14 } } -RRB- 34457 309 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 309 16 , , , 34457 309 17 quite quite RB 34457 309 18 irrespective irrespective RB 34457 309 19 of of IN 34457 309 20 the the DT 34457 309 21 volumes volume NNS 34457 309 22 of of IN 34457 309 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 309 24 and and CC 34457 309 25 vapour,[1 vapour,[1 NN 34457 309 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 309 27 holds hold VBZ 34457 309 28 good good JJ 34457 309 29 also also RB 34457 309 30 in in IN 34457 309 31 the the DT 34457 309 32 case case NN 34457 309 33 of of IN 34457 309 34 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 309 35 , , , 34457 309 36 ether ether NN 34457 309 37 , , , 34457 309 38 benzene benzene NN 34457 309 39 , , , 34457 309 40 and and CC 34457 309 41 other other JJ 34457 309 42 pure pure JJ 34457 309 43 liquids liquid NNS 34457 309 44 . . . 34457 310 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 310 2 is be VBZ 34457 310 3 , , , 34457 310 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 310 5 , , , 34457 310 6 not not RB 34457 310 7 unnatural unnatural JJ 34457 310 8 to to TO 34457 310 9 ask ask VB 34457 310 10 the the DT 34457 310 11 question question NN 34457 310 12 , , , 34457 310 13 Does do VBZ 34457 310 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 310 15 hold hold VB 34457 310 16 good good JJ 34457 310 17 for for IN 34457 310 18 all all DT 34457 310 19 liquids liquid NNS 34457 310 20 ? ? . 34457 311 1 Is be VBZ 34457 311 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 311 3 valid valid JJ 34457 311 4 , , , 34457 311 5 for for IN 34457 311 6 example example NN 34457 311 7 , , , 34457 311 8 in in IN 34457 311 9 the the DT 34457 311 10 case case NN 34457 311 11 of of IN 34457 311 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 311 13 ? ? . 34457 312 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 312 2 can can MD 34457 312 3 find find VB 34457 312 4 the the DT 34457 312 5 answer answer NN 34457 312 6 to to IN 34457 312 7 these these DT 34457 312 8 questions question NNS 34457 312 9 by by IN 34457 312 10 studying study VBG 34457 312 11 the the DT 34457 312 12 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 312 13 of of IN 34457 312 14 a a DT 34457 312 15 solution solution NN 34457 312 16 -- -- : 34457 312 17 say say VB 34457 312 18 , , , 34457 312 19 a a DT 34457 312 20 solution solution NN 34457 312 21 of of IN 34457 312 22 common common JJ 34457 312 23 salt salt NN 34457 312 24 in in IN 34457 312 25 water water NN 34457 312 26 -- -- : 34457 312 27 when when WRB 34457 312 28 placed place VBN 34457 312 29 in in IN 34457 312 30 the the DT 34457 312 31 Torricellian torricellian JJ 34457 312 32 vacuum vacuum NN 34457 312 33 . . . 34457 313 1 In in IN 34457 313 2 this this DT 34457 313 3 case case NN 34457 313 4 , , , 34457 313 5 also also RB 34457 313 6 , , , 34457 313 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 313 8 is be VBZ 34457 313 9 observed observe VBN 34457 313 10 that that IN 34457 313 11 the the DT 34457 313 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 313 13 of of IN 34457 313 14 the the DT 34457 313 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 313 16 increases increase NNS 34457 313 17 as as IN 34457 313 18 the the DT 34457 313 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 313 20 is be VBZ 34457 313 21 raised raise VBN 34457 313 22 , , , 34457 313 23 but but CC 34457 313 24 the the DT 34457 313 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 313 26 is be VBZ 34457 313 27 no no DT 34457 313 28 longer long RBR 34457 313 29 independent independent JJ 34457 313 30 of of IN 34457 313 31 the the DT 34457 313 32 volume volume NN 34457 313 33 ; ; : 34457 313 34 as as IN 34457 313 35 the the DT 34457 313 36 volume volume NN 34457 313 37 increases increase VBZ 34457 313 38 , , , 34457 313 39 the the DT 34457 313 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 313 41 slowly slowly RB 34457 313 42 diminishes diminish VBZ 34457 313 43 . . . 34457 314 1 If if IN 34457 314 2 , , , 34457 314 3 however however RB 34457 314 4 , , , 34457 314 5 solid solid JJ 34457 314 6 salt salt NN 34457 314 7 is be VBZ 34457 314 8 present present JJ 34457 314 9 in in IN 34457 314 10 contact contact NN 34457 314 11 with with IN 34457 314 12 the the DT 34457 314 13 solution solution NN 34457 314 14 , , , 34457 314 15 then then RB 34457 314 16 the the DT 34457 314 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 314 18 again again RB 34457 314 19 becomes become VBZ 34457 314 20 constant constant JJ 34457 314 21 at at IN 34457 314 22 constant constant JJ 34457 314 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 314 24 , , , 34457 314 25 even even RB 34457 314 26 when when WRB 34457 314 27 the the DT 34457 314 28 volume volume NN 34457 314 29 of of IN 34457 314 30 the the DT 34457 314 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 314 32 is be VBZ 34457 314 33 altered alter VBN 34457 314 34 . . . 34457 315 1 As as IN 34457 315 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 315 3 see see VBP 34457 315 4 , , , 34457 315 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 315 6 , , , 34457 315 7 solutions solution NNS 34457 315 8 do do VBP 34457 315 9 not not RB 34457 315 10 behave behave VB 34457 315 11 in in IN 34457 315 12 the the DT 34457 315 13 same same JJ 34457 315 14 way way NN 34457 315 15 as as IN 34457 315 16 pure pure JJ 34457 315 17 liquids liquid NNS 34457 315 18 . . . 34457 316 1 Moreover moreover RB 34457 316 2 , , , 34457 316 3 on on IN 34457 316 4 lowering lower VBG 34457 316 5 the the DT 34457 316 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 316 7 of of IN 34457 316 8 water water NN 34457 316 9 , , , 34457 316 10 a a DT 34457 316 11 point point NN 34457 316 12 is be VBZ 34457 316 13 reached reach VBN 34457 316 14 at at IN 34457 316 15 which which WDT 34457 316 16 ice ice NN 34457 316 17 begins begin VBZ 34457 316 18 to to TO 34457 316 19 separate separate VB 34457 316 20 out out RP 34457 316 21 ; ; : 34457 316 22 and and CC 34457 316 23 if if IN 34457 316 24 heat heat NN 34457 316 25 be be VB 34457 316 26 now now RB 34457 316 27 added add VBN 34457 316 28 to to IN 34457 316 29 the the DT 34457 316 30 system system NN 34457 316 31 or or CC 34457 316 32 withdrawn withdraw VBN 34457 316 33 from from IN 34457 316 34 it -PRON- PRP 34457 316 35 , , , 34457 316 36 no no DT 34457 316 37 change change NN 34457 316 38 will will MD 34457 316 39 take take VB 34457 316 40 place place NN 34457 316 41 in in IN 34457 316 42 the the DT 34457 316 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 316 44 or or CC 34457 316 45 vapour vapour JJ 34457 316 46 pressure pressure NN 34457 316 47 of of IN 34457 316 48 the the DT 34457 316 49 latter latter JJ 34457 316 50 until until IN 34457 316 51 either either CC 34457 316 52 the the DT 34457 316 53 ice ice NN 34457 316 54 or or CC 34457 316 55 the the DT 34457 316 56 water water NN 34457 316 57 has have VBZ 34457 316 58 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 316 59 . . . 34457 317 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 317 2 2 2 LS 34457 317 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 317 4 Ice ice NN 34457 317 5 , , , 34457 317 6 water water NN 34457 317 7 , , , 34457 317 8 and and CC 34457 317 9 vapour vapour RB 34457 317 10 , , , 34457 317 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 317 12 , , , 34457 317 13 can can MD 34457 317 14 be be VB 34457 317 15 in in IN 34457 317 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 317 17 with with IN 34457 317 18 one one NN 34457 317 19 another another DT 34457 317 20 only only RB 34457 317 21 at at IN 34457 317 22 one one CD 34457 317 23 definite definite JJ 34457 317 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 317 25 and and CC 34457 317 26 one one CD 34457 317 27 definite definite JJ 34457 317 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 317 29 . . . 34457 318 1 In in IN 34457 318 2 the the DT 34457 318 3 case case NN 34457 318 4 of of IN 34457 318 5 a a DT 34457 318 6 solution solution NN 34457 318 7 of of IN 34457 318 8 common common JJ 34457 318 9 salt salt NN 34457 318 10 , , , 34457 318 11 however however RB 34457 318 12 , , , 34457 318 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 318 14 may may MD 34457 318 15 have have VB 34457 318 16 ice ice NN 34457 318 17 in in IN 34457 318 18 contact contact NN 34457 318 19 with with IN 34457 318 20 the the DT 34457 318 21 solution solution NN 34457 318 22 at at IN 34457 318 23 different different JJ 34457 318 24 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 318 25 and and CC 34457 318 26 pressures pressure NNS 34457 318 27 . . . 34457 319 1 Further further RB 34457 319 2 , , , 34457 319 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 319 4 is be VBZ 34457 319 5 possible possible JJ 34457 319 6 to to TO 34457 319 7 have have VB 34457 319 8 a a DT 34457 319 9 solution solution NN 34457 319 10 in in IN 34457 319 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 319 12 not not RB 34457 319 13 only only RB 34457 319 14 with with IN 34457 319 15 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 319 16 salt salt NN 34457 319 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 319 18 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 319 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 319 20 , , , 34457 319 21 but but CC 34457 319 22 also also RB 34457 319 23 with with IN 34457 319 24 the the DT 34457 319 25 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 319 26 salt salt NN 34457 319 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 319 28 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 319 29 , , , 34457 319 30 2H_{2}O 2h_{2}o CD 34457 319 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 319 32 , , , 34457 319 33 as as RB 34457 319 34 well well RB 34457 319 35 as as IN 34457 319 36 with with IN 34457 319 37 ice ice NN 34457 319 38 , , , 34457 319 39 and and CC 34457 319 40 the the DT 34457 319 41 question question NN 34457 319 42 , , , 34457 319 43 therefore therefore RB 34457 319 44 , , , 34457 319 45 arises arise VBZ 34457 319 46 : : : 34457 319 47 Is be VBZ 34457 319 48 it -PRON- PRP 34457 319 49 possible possible JJ 34457 319 50 to to TO 34457 319 51 state state NN 34457 319 52 in in IN 34457 319 53 a a DT 34457 319 54 general general JJ 34457 319 55 manner manner NN 34457 319 56 the the DT 34457 319 57 conditions condition NNS 34457 319 58 under under IN 34457 319 59 which which WDT 34457 319 60 such such JJ 34457 319 61 different different JJ 34457 319 62 systems system NNS 34457 319 63 can can MD 34457 319 64 exist exist VB 34457 319 65 in in IN 34457 319 66 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 319 67 ; ; : 34457 319 68 or or CC 34457 319 69 to to TO 34457 319 70 obtain obtain VB 34457 319 71 some some DT 34457 319 72 insight insight NN 34457 319 73 { { -LRB- 34457 319 74 3 3 CD 34457 319 75 } } -RRB- 34457 319 76 into into IN 34457 319 77 the the DT 34457 319 78 relations relation NNS 34457 319 79 which which WDT 34457 319 80 exist exist VBP 34457 319 81 between between IN 34457 319 82 pure pure JJ 34457 319 83 liquids liquid NNS 34457 319 84 and and CC 34457 319 85 solutions solution NNS 34457 319 86 ? ? . 34457 320 1 As as IN 34457 320 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 320 3 shall shall MD 34457 320 4 learn learn VB 34457 320 5 , , , 34457 320 6 the the DT 34457 320 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 320 8 Rule Rule NNP 34457 320 9 enables enable VBZ 34457 320 10 us -PRON- PRP 34457 320 11 to to TO 34457 320 12 give give VB 34457 320 13 an an DT 34457 320 14 answer answer NN 34457 320 15 to to IN 34457 320 16 this this DT 34457 320 17 question question NN 34457 320 18 . . . 34457 321 1 The the DT 34457 321 2 preceding precede VBG 34457 321 3 examples example NNS 34457 321 4 belong belong VBP 34457 321 5 to to IN 34457 321 6 the the DT 34457 321 7 class class NN 34457 321 8 of of IN 34457 321 9 so so RB 34457 321 10 - - HYPH 34457 321 11 called call VBN 34457 321 12 " " `` 34457 321 13 physical physical JJ 34457 321 14 " " '' 34457 321 15 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 321 16 , , , 34457 321 17 or or CC 34457 321 18 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 321 19 depending depend VBG 34457 321 20 on on IN 34457 321 21 changes change NNS 34457 321 22 in in IN 34457 321 23 the the DT 34457 321 24 physical physical JJ 34457 321 25 state state NN 34457 321 26 . . . 34457 322 1 More More JJR 34457 322 2 than than IN 34457 322 3 a a DT 34457 322 4 hundred hundred CD 34457 322 5 years year NNS 34457 322 6 ago ago RB 34457 322 7 , , , 34457 322 8 however however RB 34457 322 9 , , , 34457 322 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 322 11 was be VBD 34457 322 12 shown show VBN 34457 322 13 by by IN 34457 322 14 Wenzel Wenzel NNP 34457 322 15 and and CC 34457 322 16 Berthollet Berthollet NNP 34457 322 17 that that IN 34457 322 18 " " `` 34457 322 19 chemical chemical JJ 34457 322 20 " " '' 34457 322 21 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 322 22 can can MD 34457 322 23 also also RB 34457 322 24 exist exist VB 34457 322 25 ; ; : 34457 322 26 that that IN 34457 322 27 chemical chemical NN 34457 322 28 reactions reaction NNS 34457 322 29 do do VBP 34457 322 30 not not RB 34457 322 31 always always RB 34457 322 32 take take VB 34457 322 33 place place NN 34457 322 34 completely completely RB 34457 322 35 in in IN 34457 322 36 one one CD 34457 322 37 direction direction NN 34457 322 38 as as IN 34457 322 39 indicated indicate VBN 34457 322 40 by by IN 34457 322 41 the the DT 34457 322 42 usual usual JJ 34457 322 43 chemical chemical NN 34457 322 44 equation equation NN 34457 322 45 , , , 34457 322 46 but but CC 34457 322 47 that that IN 34457 322 48 before before IN 34457 322 49 the the DT 34457 322 50 reacting react VBG 34457 322 51 substances substance NNS 34457 322 52 are be VBP 34457 322 53 all all DT 34457 322 54 used use VBN 34457 322 55 up up RP 34457 322 56 the the DT 34457 322 57 reaction reaction NN 34457 322 58 ceases cease NNS 34457 322 59 , , , 34457 322 60 and and CC 34457 322 61 there there EX 34457 322 62 is be VBZ 34457 322 63 a a DT 34457 322 64 condition condition NN 34457 322 65 of of IN 34457 322 66 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 322 67 between between IN 34457 322 68 the the DT 34457 322 69 reacting react VBG 34457 322 70 substances substance NNS 34457 322 71 and and CC 34457 322 72 the the DT 34457 322 73 products product NNS 34457 322 74 of of IN 34457 322 75 reaction reaction NN 34457 322 76 . . . 34457 323 1 As as IN 34457 323 2 an an DT 34457 323 3 example example NN 34457 323 4 of of IN 34457 323 5 this this DT 34457 323 6 , , , 34457 323 7 there there EX 34457 323 8 may may MD 34457 323 9 be be VB 34457 323 10 taken take VBN 34457 323 11 the the DT 34457 323 12 process process NN 34457 323 13 of of IN 34457 323 14 lime lime NN 34457 323 15 - - HYPH 34457 323 16 burning burning NN 34457 323 17 , , , 34457 323 18 which which WDT 34457 323 19 depends depend VBZ 34457 323 20 on on IN 34457 323 21 the the DT 34457 323 22 fact fact NN 34457 323 23 that that IN 34457 323 24 when when WRB 34457 323 25 calcium calcium NN 34457 323 26 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 323 27 is be VBZ 34457 323 28 heated heat VBN 34457 323 29 , , , 34457 323 30 carbon carbon NN 34457 323 31 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 323 32 is be VBZ 34457 323 33 given give VBN 34457 323 34 off off RP 34457 323 35 and and CC 34457 323 36 quicklime quicklime NN 34457 323 37 is be VBZ 34457 323 38 produced produce VBN 34457 323 39 . . . 34457 324 1 If if IN 34457 324 2 the the DT 34457 324 3 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 324 4 is be VBZ 34457 324 5 heated heat VBN 34457 324 6 in in IN 34457 324 7 a a DT 34457 324 8 closed closed JJ 34457 324 9 vessel vessel NN 34457 324 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 324 11 will will MD 34457 324 12 be be VB 34457 324 13 found find VBN 34457 324 14 , , , 34457 324 15 however however RB 34457 324 16 , , , 34457 324 17 not not RB 34457 324 18 to to TO 34457 324 19 undergo undergo VB 34457 324 20 entire entire JJ 34457 324 21 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 324 22 . . . 34457 325 1 When when WRB 34457 325 2 the the DT 34457 325 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 325 4 of of IN 34457 325 5 the the DT 34457 325 6 carbon carbon NN 34457 325 7 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 325 8 reaches reach VBZ 34457 325 9 a a DT 34457 325 10 certain certain JJ 34457 325 11 value value NN 34457 325 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 325 13 which which WDT 34457 325 14 is be VBZ 34457 325 15 found find VBN 34457 325 16 to to TO 34457 325 17 depend depend VB 34457 325 18 on on IN 34457 325 19 the the DT 34457 325 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 325 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 325 22 , , , 34457 325 23 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 325 24 ceases cease NNS 34457 325 25 , , , 34457 325 26 and and CC 34457 325 27 calcium calcium NN 34457 325 28 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 325 29 exists exist VBZ 34457 325 30 side side NN 34457 325 31 by by IN 34457 325 32 side side NN 34457 325 33 with with IN 34457 325 34 calcium calcium NN 34457 325 35 oxide oxide NN 34457 325 36 and and CC 34457 325 37 carbon carbon NN 34457 325 38 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 325 39 . . . 34457 326 1 Moreover moreover RB 34457 326 2 , , , 34457 326 3 at at IN 34457 326 4 any any DT 34457 326 5 given give VBN 34457 326 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 326 7 the the DT 34457 326 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 326 9 is be VBZ 34457 326 10 constant constant JJ 34457 326 11 and and CC 34457 326 12 independent independent JJ 34457 326 13 of of IN 34457 326 14 the the DT 34457 326 15 amount amount NN 34457 326 16 of of IN 34457 326 17 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 326 18 or or CC 34457 326 19 oxide oxide NN 34457 326 20 present present JJ 34457 326 21 , , , 34457 326 22 or or CC 34457 326 23 of of IN 34457 326 24 the the DT 34457 326 25 volume volume NN 34457 326 26 of of IN 34457 326 27 the the DT 34457 326 28 gas gas NN 34457 326 29 ; ; : 34457 326 30 _ _ NNP 34457 326 31 nor nor CC 34457 326 32 does do VBZ 34457 326 33 the the DT 34457 326 34 addition addition NN 34457 326 35 of of IN 34457 326 36 either either DT 34457 326 37 of of IN 34457 326 38 the the DT 34457 326 39 products product NNS 34457 326 40 of of IN 34457 326 41 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 326 42 , , , 34457 326 43 carbon carbon NN 34457 326 44 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 326 45 or or CC 34457 326 46 calcium calcium NN 34457 326 47 oxide oxide NN 34457 326 48 , , , 34457 326 49 cause cause VB 34457 326 50 any any DT 34457 326 51 change change NN 34457 326 52 in in IN 34457 326 53 the the DT 34457 326 54 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 326 55 _ _ NNP 34457 326 56 . . . 34457 327 1 Here here RB 34457 327 2 , , , 34457 327 3 then then RB 34457 327 4 , , , 34457 327 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 327 6 see see VBP 34457 327 7 that that IN 34457 327 8 , , , 34457 327 9 although although IN 34457 327 10 there there EX 34457 327 11 are be VBP 34457 327 12 three three CD 34457 327 13 different different JJ 34457 327 14 substances substance NNS 34457 327 15 present present JJ 34457 327 16 , , , 34457 327 17 and and CC 34457 327 18 although although IN 34457 327 19 the the DT 34457 327 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 327 21 is be VBZ 34457 327 22 no no RB 34457 327 23 longer long RBR 34457 327 24 due due JJ 34457 327 25 to to IN 34457 327 26 physical physical JJ 34457 327 27 , , , 34457 327 28 but but CC 34457 327 29 to to IN 34457 327 30 chemical chemical NN 34457 327 31 change change NN 34457 327 32 , , , 34457 327 33 it -PRON- PRP 34457 327 34 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 327 35 obeys obey VBZ 34457 327 36 the the DT 34457 327 37 same same JJ 34457 327 38 law law NN 34457 327 39 as as IN 34457 327 40 the the DT 34457 327 41 vapour vapour JJ 34457 327 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 327 43 of of IN 34457 327 44 a a DT 34457 327 45 pure pure JJ 34457 327 46 volatile volatile JJ 34457 327 47 liquid liquid NN 34457 327 48 , , , 34457 327 49 such such JJ 34457 327 50 as as IN 34457 327 51 water water NN 34457 327 52 . . . 34457 328 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 328 2 might may MD 34457 328 3 be be VB 34457 328 4 supposed suppose VBN 34457 328 5 , , , 34457 328 6 now now RB 34457 328 7 , , , 34457 328 8 that that IN 34457 328 9 this this DT 34457 328 10 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 328 11 would would MD 34457 328 12 be be VB 34457 328 13 shown show VBN 34457 328 14 by by IN 34457 328 15 other other JJ 34457 328 16 dissociating dissociate VBG 34457 328 17 substances substance NNS 34457 328 18 , , , 34457 328 19 _ _ NNP 34457 328 20 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 328 21 _ _ NNP 34457 328 22 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 328 23 chloride chloride NN 34457 328 24 . . . 34457 329 1 When when WRB 34457 329 2 this this DT 34457 329 3 substance substance NN 34457 329 4 is be VBZ 34457 329 5 heated heat VBN 34457 329 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 329 7 dissociates dissociate VBZ 34457 329 8 into into IN 34457 329 9 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 329 10 and and CC 34457 329 11 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 329 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 329 13 , , , 34457 329 14 and and CC 34457 329 15 at at IN 34457 329 16 any any DT 34457 329 17 given give VBN 34457 329 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 329 19 the the DT 34457 329 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 329 21 of of IN 34457 329 22 these these DT 34457 329 23 gases gas NNS 34457 329 24 is be VBZ 34457 329 25 constant,[3 constant,[3 XX 34457 329 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 329 27 and and CC 34457 329 28 is be VBZ 34457 329 29 independent independent JJ 34457 329 30 of of IN 34457 329 31 the the DT 34457 329 32 amounts amount NNS 34457 329 33 of of IN 34457 329 34 solid solid JJ 34457 329 35 and and CC 34457 329 36 gas gas NN 34457 329 37 present present NN 34457 329 38 . . . 34457 330 1 So so RB 34457 330 2 far far RB 34457 330 3 , , , 34457 330 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 330 5 , , , 34457 330 6 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 330 7 chloride chloride NN 34457 330 8 behaves behave NNS 34457 330 9 like like IN 34457 330 10 calcium calcium NN 34457 330 11 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 330 12 . . . 34457 331 1 If if IN 34457 331 2 , , , 34457 331 3 however however RB 34457 331 4 , , , 34457 331 5 one one CD 34457 331 6 of of IN 34457 331 7 the the DT 34457 331 8 { { -LRB- 34457 331 9 4 4 CD 34457 331 10 } } -RRB- 34457 331 11 products product NNS 34457 331 12 of of IN 34457 331 13 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 331 14 be be VB 34457 331 15 added add VBN 34457 331 16 to to IN 34457 331 17 the the DT 34457 331 18 system system NN 34457 331 19 , , , 34457 331 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 331 21 is be VBZ 34457 331 22 found find VBN 34457 331 23 that that IN 34457 331 24 the the DT 34457 331 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 331 26 is be VBZ 34457 331 27 no no RB 34457 331 28 longer longer RB 34457 331 29 constant constant JJ 34457 331 30 at at IN 34457 331 31 a a DT 34457 331 32 given give VBN 34457 331 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 331 34 , , , 34457 331 35 but but CC 34457 331 36 varies vary VBZ 34457 331 37 with with IN 34457 331 38 the the DT 34457 331 39 amount amount NN 34457 331 40 of of IN 34457 331 41 gas gas NN 34457 331 42 , , , 34457 331 43 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 331 44 or or CC 34457 331 45 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 331 46 chloride chloride NN 34457 331 47 , , , 34457 331 48 which which WDT 34457 331 49 is be VBZ 34457 331 50 added add VBN 34457 331 51 . . . 34457 332 1 In in IN 34457 332 2 the the DT 34457 332 3 case case NN 34457 332 4 of of IN 34457 332 5 certain certain JJ 34457 332 6 dissociating dissociate VBG 34457 332 7 substances substance NNS 34457 332 8 , , , 34457 332 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 332 10 , , , 34457 332 11 addition addition NN 34457 332 12 of of IN 34457 332 13 one one CD 34457 332 14 of of IN 34457 332 15 the the DT 34457 332 16 products product NNS 34457 332 17 of of IN 34457 332 18 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 332 19 alters alter VBZ 34457 332 20 the the DT 34457 332 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 332 22 , , , 34457 332 23 while while IN 34457 332 24 in in IN 34457 332 25 other other JJ 34457 332 26 cases case NNS 34457 332 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 332 28 does do VBZ 34457 332 29 not not RB 34457 332 30 . . . 34457 333 1 With with IN 34457 333 2 the the DT 34457 333 3 help help NN 34457 333 4 of of IN 34457 333 5 the the DT 34457 333 6 Phase Phase NNP 34457 333 7 Rule Rule NNP 34457 333 8 , , , 34457 333 9 however however RB 34457 333 10 , , , 34457 333 11 a a DT 34457 333 12 general general JJ 34457 333 13 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 333 14 of of IN 34457 333 15 this this DT 34457 333 16 difference difference NN 34457 333 17 of of IN 34457 333 18 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 333 19 can can MD 34457 333 20 be be VB 34457 333 21 given give VBN 34457 333 22 -- -- : 34457 333 23 an an DT 34457 333 24 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 333 25 which which WDT 34457 333 26 can can MD 34457 333 27 be be VB 34457 333 28 applied apply VBN 34457 333 29 not not RB 34457 333 30 only only RB 34457 333 31 to to IN 34457 333 32 the the DT 34457 333 33 two two CD 34457 333 34 cases case NNS 34457 333 35 cited cite VBN 34457 333 36 , , , 34457 333 37 but but CC 34457 333 38 to to IN 34457 333 39 all all DT 34457 333 40 cases case NNS 34457 333 41 of of IN 34457 333 42 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 333 43 . . . 34457 334 1 Again again RB 34457 334 2 , , , 34457 334 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 334 4 is be VBZ 34457 334 5 well well RB 34457 334 6 known know VBN 34457 334 7 that that IN 34457 334 8 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 334 9 exists exist VBZ 34457 334 10 in in IN 34457 334 11 two two CD 34457 334 12 different different JJ 34457 334 13 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 334 14 forms form NNS 34457 334 15 , , , 34457 334 16 octahedral octahedral JJ 34457 334 17 and and CC 34457 334 18 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 334 19 , , , 34457 334 20 each each DT 34457 334 21 of of IN 34457 334 22 which which WDT 34457 334 23 melts melt NNS 34457 334 24 at at IN 34457 334 25 a a DT 34457 334 26 different different JJ 34457 334 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 334 28 . . . 34457 335 1 The the DT 34457 335 2 problem problem NN 34457 335 3 here here RB 34457 335 4 is be VBZ 34457 335 5 , , , 34457 335 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 335 7 , , , 34457 335 8 more more RBR 34457 335 9 complicated complicated JJ 34457 335 10 than than IN 34457 335 11 in in IN 34457 335 12 the the DT 34457 335 13 case case NN 34457 335 14 of of IN 34457 335 15 ice ice NN 34457 335 16 , , , 34457 335 17 for for IN 34457 335 18 there there EX 34457 335 19 is be VBZ 34457 335 20 now now RB 34457 335 21 a a DT 34457 335 22 possibility possibility NN 34457 335 23 not not RB 34457 335 24 only only RB 34457 335 25 of of IN 34457 335 26 one one CD 34457 335 27 solid solid JJ 34457 335 28 form form NN 34457 335 29 , , , 34457 335 30 but but CC 34457 335 31 of of IN 34457 335 32 two two CD 34457 335 33 different different JJ 34457 335 34 forms form NNS 34457 335 35 of of IN 34457 335 36 the the DT 34457 335 37 same same JJ 34457 335 38 substance substance NN 34457 335 39 existing exist VBG 34457 335 40 in in IN 34457 335 41 contact contact NN 34457 335 42 with with IN 34457 335 43 liquid liquid NN 34457 335 44 . . . 34457 336 1 What what WP 34457 336 2 are be VBP 34457 336 3 the the DT 34457 336 4 conditions condition NNS 34457 336 5 under under IN 34457 336 6 which which WDT 34457 336 7 these these DT 34457 336 8 two two CD 34457 336 9 forms form NNS 34457 336 10 can can MD 34457 336 11 exist exist VB 34457 336 12 in in IN 34457 336 13 contact contact NN 34457 336 14 with with IN 34457 336 15 liquid liquid NN 34457 336 16 , , , 34457 336 17 either either CC 34457 336 18 singly singly RB 34457 336 19 or or CC 34457 336 20 together together RB 34457 336 21 , , , 34457 336 22 and and CC 34457 336 23 under under IN 34457 336 24 what what WDT 34457 336 25 conditions condition NNS 34457 336 26 can can MD 34457 336 27 the the DT 34457 336 28 two two CD 34457 336 29 solid solid JJ 34457 336 30 forms form NNS 34457 336 31 exist exist VBP 34457 336 32 together together RB 34457 336 33 without without IN 34457 336 34 the the DT 34457 336 35 presence presence NN 34457 336 36 of of IN 34457 336 37 liquid liquid JJ 34457 336 38 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 336 39 ? ? . 34457 337 1 To to IN 34457 337 2 these these DT 34457 337 3 questions question NNS 34457 337 4 an an DT 34457 337 5 answer answer NN 34457 337 6 can can MD 34457 337 7 also also RB 34457 337 8 be be VB 34457 337 9 given give VBN 34457 337 10 with with IN 34457 337 11 the the DT 34457 337 12 help help NN 34457 337 13 of of IN 34457 337 14 the the DT 34457 337 15 Phase Phase NNP 34457 337 16 Rule Rule NNP 34457 337 17 . . . 34457 338 1 These these DT 34457 338 2 cases case NNS 34457 338 3 are be VBP 34457 338 4 , , , 34457 338 5 however however RB 34457 338 6 , , , 34457 338 7 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 338 8 simple simple JJ 34457 338 9 ; ; : 34457 338 10 but but CC 34457 338 11 when when WRB 34457 338 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 338 13 come come VBP 34457 338 14 , , , 34457 338 15 for for IN 34457 338 16 instance instance NN 34457 338 17 , , , 34457 338 18 to to TO 34457 338 19 study study VB 34457 338 20 the the DT 34457 338 21 conditions condition NNS 34457 338 22 under under IN 34457 338 23 which which WDT 34457 338 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 338 25 are be VBP 34457 338 26 formed form VBN 34457 338 27 , , , 34457 338 28 and and CC 34457 338 29 especially especially RB 34457 338 30 when when WRB 34457 338 31 we -PRON- PRP 34457 338 32 inquire inquire VBP 34457 338 33 into into IN 34457 338 34 the the DT 34457 338 35 solubility solubility NN 34457 338 36 relations relation NNS 34457 338 37 of of IN 34457 338 38 salts salt NNS 34457 338 39 capable capable JJ 34457 338 40 of of IN 34457 338 41 forming form VBG 34457 338 42 , , , 34457 338 43 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 338 44 , , , 34457 338 45 a a DT 34457 338 46 series series NN 34457 338 47 of of IN 34457 338 48 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 338 49 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 338 50 ; ; : 34457 338 51 and and CC 34457 338 52 when when WRB 34457 338 53 we -PRON- PRP 34457 338 54 seek seek VBP 34457 338 55 to to TO 34457 338 56 determine determine VB 34457 338 57 the the DT 34457 338 58 conditions condition NNS 34457 338 59 under under IN 34457 338 60 which which WDT 34457 338 61 these these DT 34457 338 62 different different JJ 34457 338 63 forms form NNS 34457 338 64 can can MD 34457 338 65 exist exist VB 34457 338 66 in in IN 34457 338 67 contact contact NN 34457 338 68 with with IN 34457 338 69 the the DT 34457 338 70 solution solution NN 34457 338 71 , , , 34457 338 72 the the DT 34457 338 73 problem problem NN 34457 338 74 becomes become VBZ 34457 338 75 more more RBR 34457 338 76 complicated complicated JJ 34457 338 77 , , , 34457 338 78 and and CC 34457 338 79 the the DT 34457 338 80 necessity necessity NN 34457 338 81 of of IN 34457 338 82 some some DT 34457 338 83 general general JJ 34457 338 84 guide guide NN 34457 338 85 to to IN 34457 338 86 the the DT 34457 338 87 elucidation elucidation NN 34457 338 88 of of IN 34457 338 89 the the DT 34457 338 90 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 338 91 of of IN 34457 338 92 these these DT 34457 338 93 different different JJ 34457 338 94 systems system NNS 34457 338 95 becomes become VBZ 34457 338 96 more more RBR 34457 338 97 urgent urgent JJ 34457 338 98 . . . 34457 339 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 339 2 is be VBZ 34457 339 3 , , , 34457 339 4 now now RB 34457 339 5 , , , 34457 339 6 to to IN 34457 339 7 the the DT 34457 339 8 study study NN 34457 339 9 of of IN 34457 339 10 such such JJ 34457 339 11 physical physical JJ 34457 339 12 and and CC 34457 339 13 chemical chemical JJ 34457 339 14 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 339 15 as as IN 34457 339 16 those those DT 34457 339 17 above above RB 34457 339 18 - - HYPH 34457 339 19 mentioned mention VBN 34457 339 20 that that IN 34457 339 21 the the DT 34457 339 22 Phase Phase NNP 34457 339 23 Rule Rule NNP 34457 339 24 finds find VBZ 34457 339 25 application application NN 34457 339 26 ; ; : 34457 339 27 to to IN 34457 339 28 the the DT 34457 339 29 study study NN 34457 339 30 , , , 34457 339 31 also also RB 34457 339 32 , , , 34457 339 33 of of IN 34457 339 34 the the DT 34457 339 35 conditions condition NNS 34457 339 36 regulating regulate VBG 34457 339 37 , , , 34457 339 38 for for IN 34457 339 39 example example NN 34457 339 40 , , , 34457 339 41 the the DT 34457 339 42 formation formation NN 34457 339 43 of of IN 34457 339 44 alloys alloy NNS 34457 339 45 from from IN 34457 339 46 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 339 47 of of IN 34457 339 48 the the DT 34457 339 49 fused fuse VBN 34457 339 50 metals metal NNS 34457 339 51 , , , 34457 339 52 or or CC 34457 339 53 of of IN 34457 339 54 the the DT 34457 339 55 various various JJ 34457 339 56 salts salt NNS 34457 339 57 of of IN 34457 339 58 the the DT 34457 339 59 Stassfurt Stassfurt NNP 34457 339 60 deposits deposit NNS 34457 339 61 ; ; : 34457 339 62 the the DT 34457 339 63 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 339 64 of of IN 34457 339 65 iron iron NN 34457 339 66 and and CC 34457 339 67 carbon carbon NN 34457 339 68 in in IN 34457 339 69 the the DT 34457 339 70 formation formation NN 34457 339 71 of of IN 34457 339 72 steel steel NN 34457 339 73 and and CC 34457 339 74 the the DT 34457 339 75 { { -LRB- 34457 339 76 5 5 CD 34457 339 77 } } -RRB- 34457 339 78 separation separation NN 34457 339 79 of of IN 34457 339 80 different different JJ 34457 339 81 minerals mineral NNS 34457 339 82 from from IN 34457 339 83 a a DT 34457 339 84 fused fuse VBN 34457 339 85 rock rock NN 34457 339 86 - - HYPH 34457 339 87 mass mass NN 34457 339 88 . . . 34457 340 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 340 2 4 4 CD 34457 340 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 340 4 With with IN 34457 340 5 the the DT 34457 340 6 help help NN 34457 340 7 of of IN 34457 340 8 the the DT 34457 340 9 Phase Phase NNP 34457 340 10 Rule Rule NNP 34457 340 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 340 12 can can MD 34457 340 13 group group VB 34457 340 14 together together RB 34457 340 15 into into IN 34457 340 16 classes class NNS 34457 340 17 the the DT 34457 340 18 large large JJ 34457 340 19 number number NN 34457 340 20 of of IN 34457 340 21 different different JJ 34457 340 22 isolated isolated JJ 34457 340 23 cases case NNS 34457 340 24 of of IN 34457 340 25 systems system NNS 34457 340 26 in in IN 34457 340 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 340 28 ; ; : 34457 340 29 with with IN 34457 340 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 340 31 aid aid NN 34457 340 32 we -PRON- PRP 34457 340 33 are be VBP 34457 340 34 able able JJ 34457 340 35 to to TO 34457 340 36 state state VB 34457 340 37 , , , 34457 340 38 in in IN 34457 340 39 a a DT 34457 340 40 general general JJ 34457 340 41 manner manner NN 34457 340 42 at at IN 34457 340 43 least least JJS 34457 340 44 , , , 34457 340 45 the the DT 34457 340 46 conditions condition NNS 34457 340 47 under under IN 34457 340 48 which which WDT 34457 340 49 a a DT 34457 340 50 system system NN 34457 340 51 can can MD 34457 340 52 be be VB 34457 340 53 in in IN 34457 340 54 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 340 55 , , , 34457 340 56 and and CC 34457 340 57 by by IN 34457 340 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 340 59 means mean NNS 34457 340 60 we -PRON- PRP 34457 340 61 can can MD 34457 340 62 gain gain VB 34457 340 63 some some DT 34457 340 64 insight insight NN 34457 340 65 into into IN 34457 340 66 the the DT 34457 340 67 relations relation NNS 34457 340 68 existing exist VBG 34457 340 69 between between IN 34457 340 70 different different JJ 34457 340 71 kinds kind NNS 34457 340 72 of of IN 34457 340 73 systems system NNS 34457 340 74 . . . 34457 341 1 Homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 341 2 and and CC 34457 341 3 Heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 341 4 Equilibrium.--Before equilibrium.--before VB 34457 341 5 passing pass VBG 34457 341 6 to to IN 34457 341 7 the the DT 34457 341 8 consideration consideration NN 34457 341 9 of of IN 34457 341 10 this this DT 34457 341 11 generalization generalization NN 34457 341 12 , , , 34457 341 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 341 14 will will MD 34457 341 15 be be VB 34457 341 16 well well JJ 34457 341 17 to to TO 34457 341 18 first first RB 34457 341 19 make make VB 34457 341 20 mention mention NN 34457 341 21 of of IN 34457 341 22 certain certain JJ 34457 341 23 restrictions restriction NNS 34457 341 24 which which WDT 34457 341 25 must must MD 34457 341 26 be be VB 34457 341 27 placed place VBN 34457 341 28 on on IN 34457 341 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 341 30 treatment treatment NN 34457 341 31 , , , 34457 341 32 and and CC 34457 341 33 also also RB 34457 341 34 of of IN 34457 341 35 the the DT 34457 341 36 limitations limitation NNS 34457 341 37 to to TO 34457 341 38 which which WDT 34457 341 39 it -PRON- PRP 34457 341 40 is be VBZ 34457 341 41 subject subject JJ 34457 341 42 . . . 34457 342 1 If if IN 34457 342 2 a a DT 34457 342 3 system system NN 34457 342 4 is be VBZ 34457 342 5 uniform uniform JJ 34457 342 6 throughout throughout IN 34457 342 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 342 8 whole whole JJ 34457 342 9 extent extent NN 34457 342 10 , , , 34457 342 11 and and CC 34457 342 12 possesses possesse NNS 34457 342 13 in in IN 34457 342 14 every every DT 34457 342 15 part part NN 34457 342 16 identical identical JJ 34457 342 17 physical physical JJ 34457 342 18 properties property NNS 34457 342 19 and and CC 34457 342 20 chemical chemical NN 34457 342 21 composition composition NN 34457 342 22 , , , 34457 342 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 342 24 is be VBZ 34457 342 25 called call VBN 34457 342 26 _ _ NNP 34457 342 27 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 342 28 _ _ NNP 34457 342 29 . . . 34457 343 1 Such such JJ 34457 343 2 is be VBZ 34457 343 3 , , , 34457 343 4 for for IN 34457 343 5 example example NN 34457 343 6 , , , 34457 343 7 a a DT 34457 343 8 solution solution NN 34457 343 9 of of IN 34457 343 10 sodium sodium NN 34457 343 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 343 12 in in IN 34457 343 13 water water NN 34457 343 14 . . . 34457 344 1 An an DT 34457 344 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 344 3 occurring occur VBG 34457 344 4 in in IN 34457 344 5 such such PDT 34457 344 6 a a DT 34457 344 7 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 344 8 system system NN 34457 344 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 344 10 such such JJ 34457 344 11 as as IN 34457 344 12 the the DT 34457 344 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 344 14 occurring occur VBG 34457 344 15 in in IN 34457 344 16 the the DT 34457 344 17 formation formation NN 34457 344 18 of of IN 34457 344 19 an an DT 34457 344 20 ester ester NN 34457 344 21 in in IN 34457 344 22 alcoholic alcoholic JJ 34457 344 23 solution solution NN 34457 344 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 344 25 is be VBZ 34457 344 26 called call VBN 34457 344 27 _ _ NNP 34457 344 28 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 344 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 344 30 _ _ NNP 34457 344 31 . . . 34457 345 1 If if IN 34457 345 2 , , , 34457 345 3 however however RB 34457 345 4 , , , 34457 345 5 the the DT 34457 345 6 system system NN 34457 345 7 consists consist VBZ 34457 345 8 of of IN 34457 345 9 parts part NNS 34457 345 10 which which WDT 34457 345 11 have have VBP 34457 345 12 different different JJ 34457 345 13 physical physical JJ 34457 345 14 properties property NNS 34457 345 15 , , , 34457 345 16 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 345 17 also also RB 34457 345 18 different different JJ 34457 345 19 chemical chemical NN 34457 345 20 properties property NNS 34457 345 21 , , , 34457 345 22 and and CC 34457 345 23 which which WDT 34457 345 24 are be VBP 34457 345 25 marked mark VBN 34457 345 26 off off RP 34457 345 27 and and CC 34457 345 28 separated separate VBN 34457 345 29 from from IN 34457 345 30 one one CD 34457 345 31 another another DT 34457 345 32 by by IN 34457 345 33 bounding bound VBG 34457 345 34 surfaces surface NNS 34457 345 35 , , , 34457 345 36 the the DT 34457 345 37 system system NN 34457 345 38 is be VBZ 34457 345 39 said say VBN 34457 345 40 to to TO 34457 345 41 be be VB 34457 345 42 _ _ NNP 34457 345 43 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 345 44 _ _ NNP 34457 345 45 . . . 34457 346 1 Such such PDT 34457 346 2 a a DT 34457 346 3 system system NN 34457 346 4 is be VBZ 34457 346 5 formed form VBN 34457 346 6 by by IN 34457 346 7 ice ice NN 34457 346 8 , , , 34457 346 9 water water NN 34457 346 10 , , , 34457 346 11 and and CC 34457 346 12 vapour vapour RB 34457 346 13 , , , 34457 346 14 in in IN 34457 346 15 which which WDT 34457 346 16 the the DT 34457 346 17 three three CD 34457 346 18 portions portion NNS 34457 346 19 , , , 34457 346 20 each each DT 34457 346 21 in in IN 34457 346 22 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 346 23 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 346 24 , , , 34457 346 25 can can MD 34457 346 26 be be VB 34457 346 27 mechanically mechanically RB 34457 346 28 separated separate VBN 34457 346 29 from from IN 34457 346 30 one one CD 34457 346 31 another another DT 34457 346 32 . . . 34457 347 1 When when WRB 34457 347 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 347 3 exists exist VBZ 34457 347 4 between between IN 34457 347 5 different different JJ 34457 347 6 , , , 34457 347 7 physically physically RB 34457 347 8 distinct distinct JJ 34457 347 9 parts part NNS 34457 347 10 , , , 34457 347 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 347 12 is be VBZ 34457 347 13 known know VBN 34457 347 14 as as IN 34457 347 15 _ _ NNP 34457 347 16 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 347 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 347 18 _ _ NNP 34457 347 19 . . . 34457 348 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 348 2 is be VBZ 34457 348 3 , , , 34457 348 4 now now RB 34457 348 5 , , , 34457 348 6 with with IN 34457 348 7 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 348 8 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 348 9 , , , 34457 348 10 with with IN 34457 348 11 the the DT 34457 348 12 conditions condition NNS 34457 348 13 under under IN 34457 348 14 which which WDT 34457 348 15 a a DT 34457 348 16 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 348 17 system system NN 34457 348 18 can can MD 34457 348 19 exist exist VB 34457 348 20 , , , 34457 348 21 that that IN 34457 348 22 we -PRON- PRP 34457 348 23 shall shall MD 34457 348 24 deal deal VB 34457 348 25 here here RB 34457 348 26 . . . 34457 349 1 Further further RB 34457 349 2 , , , 34457 349 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 349 4 shall shall MD 34457 349 5 not not RB 34457 349 6 take take VB 34457 349 7 into into IN 34457 349 8 account account NN 34457 349 9 changes change NNS 34457 349 10 of of IN 34457 349 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 349 12 due due IN 34457 349 13 to to IN 34457 349 14 the the DT 34457 349 15 action action NN 34457 349 16 of of IN 34457 349 17 electrical electrical JJ 34457 349 18 , , , 34457 349 19 magnetic magnetic JJ 34457 349 20 , , , 34457 349 21 or or CC 34457 349 22 capillary capillary JJ 34457 349 23 forces force NNS 34457 349 24 , , , 34457 349 25 or or CC 34457 349 26 of of IN 34457 349 27 gravity gravity NN 34457 349 28 ; ; : 34457 349 29 but but CC 34457 349 30 shall shall MD 34457 349 31 discuss discuss VB 34457 349 32 only only RB 34457 349 33 those those DT 34457 349 34 which which WDT 34457 349 35 are be VBP 34457 349 36 due due JJ 34457 349 37 to to IN 34457 349 38 changes change NNS 34457 349 39 of of IN 34457 349 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 349 41 , , , 34457 349 42 temperature temperature NN 34457 349 43 , , , 34457 349 44 and and CC 34457 349 45 volume volume NN 34457 349 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 349 47 or or CC 34457 349 48 concentration concentration NN 34457 349 49 ) ) -RRB- 34457 349 50 . . . 34457 350 1 Real real JJ 34457 350 2 and and CC 34457 350 3 Apparent Apparent NNP 34457 350 4 Equilibrium.--In Equilibrium.--In NNP 34457 350 5 discussing discuss VBG 34457 350 6 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 350 7 , , , 34457 350 8 also also RB 34457 350 9 , , , 34457 350 10 a a DT 34457 350 11 distinction distinction NN 34457 350 12 must must MD 34457 350 13 be be VB 34457 350 14 drawn draw VBN 34457 350 15 between between IN 34457 350 16 real real JJ 34457 350 17 and and CC 34457 350 18 { { -LRB- 34457 350 19 6 6 CD 34457 350 20 } } -RRB- 34457 350 21 apparent apparent JJ 34457 350 22 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 350 23 . . . 34457 351 1 In in IN 34457 351 2 the the DT 34457 351 3 former former JJ 34457 351 4 case case NN 34457 351 5 there there EX 34457 351 6 is be VBZ 34457 351 7 a a DT 34457 351 8 state state NN 34457 351 9 of of IN 34457 351 10 rest rest NN 34457 351 11 which which WDT 34457 351 12 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 351 13 continuous continuous JJ 34457 351 14 change change NN 34457 351 15 with with IN 34457 351 16 change change NN 34457 351 17 of of IN 34457 351 18 the the DT 34457 351 19 conditions condition NNS 34457 351 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 351 21 _ _ NNP 34457 351 22 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 351 23 _ _ NNP 34457 351 24 change change NN 34457 351 25 of of IN 34457 351 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 351 27 or or CC 34457 351 28 of of IN 34457 351 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 351 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 351 31 , , , 34457 351 32 and and CC 34457 351 33 for for IN 34457 351 34 which which WDT 34457 351 35 the the DT 34457 351 36 chief chief JJ 34457 351 37 criterion criterion NN 34457 351 38 is be VBZ 34457 351 39 that that IN 34457 351 40 _ _ NNP 34457 351 41 the the DT 34457 351 42 same same JJ 34457 351 43 condition condition NN 34457 351 44 of of IN 34457 351 45 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 351 46 is be VBZ 34457 351 47 reached reach VBN 34457 351 48 from from IN 34457 351 49 whichever whichever WDT 34457 351 50 side side NN 34457 351 51 it -PRON- PRP 34457 351 52 is be VBZ 34457 351 53 approached approach VBN 34457 351 54 _ _ NNP 34457 351 55 . . . 34457 352 1 Thus thus RB 34457 352 2 in in IN 34457 352 3 the the DT 34457 352 4 case case NN 34457 352 5 of of IN 34457 352 6 a a DT 34457 352 7 solution solution NN 34457 352 8 , , , 34457 352 9 if if IN 34457 352 10 the the DT 34457 352 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 352 12 is be VBZ 34457 352 13 maintained maintain VBN 34457 352 14 constant constant JJ 34457 352 15 , , , 34457 352 16 the the DT 34457 352 17 same same JJ 34457 352 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 352 19 will will MD 34457 352 20 be be VB 34457 352 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 352 22 , , , 34457 352 23 no no RB 34457 352 24 matter matter RB 34457 352 25 whether whether IN 34457 352 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 352 27 start start VBP 34457 352 28 with with IN 34457 352 29 an an DT 34457 352 30 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 352 31 solution solution NN 34457 352 32 to to TO 34457 352 33 which which WDT 34457 352 34 we -PRON- PRP 34457 352 35 add add VBP 34457 352 36 more more RBR 34457 352 37 solid solid JJ 34457 352 38 , , , 34457 352 39 or or CC 34457 352 40 with with IN 34457 352 41 a a DT 34457 352 42 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 352 43 solution solution NN 34457 352 44 from from IN 34457 352 45 which which WDT 34457 352 46 we -PRON- PRP 34457 352 47 allow allow VBP 34457 352 48 solid solid JJ 34457 352 49 to to TO 34457 352 50 crystallize crystallize VB 34457 352 51 out out RP 34457 352 52 ; ; : 34457 352 53 or or CC 34457 352 54 , , , 34457 352 55 in in IN 34457 352 56 the the DT 34457 352 57 case case NN 34457 352 58 of of IN 34457 352 59 water water NN 34457 352 60 in in IN 34457 352 61 contact contact NN 34457 352 62 with with IN 34457 352 63 vapour vapour NN 34457 352 64 , , , 34457 352 65 the the DT 34457 352 66 same same JJ 34457 352 67 vapour vapour NN 34457 352 68 pressure pressure NN 34457 352 69 will will MD 34457 352 70 be be VB 34457 352 71 obtained obtain VBN 34457 352 72 , , , 34457 352 73 no no RB 34457 352 74 matter matter RB 34457 352 75 whether whether IN 34457 352 76 we -PRON- PRP 34457 352 77 heat heat VBP 34457 352 78 the the DT 34457 352 79 water water NN 34457 352 80 up up RP 34457 352 81 to to IN 34457 352 82 the the DT 34457 352 83 given give VBN 34457 352 84 temperature temperature NN 34457 352 85 or or CC 34457 352 86 cool cool VB 34457 352 87 it -PRON- PRP 34457 352 88 down down RP 34457 352 89 from from IN 34457 352 90 a a DT 34457 352 91 higher high JJR 34457 352 92 temperature temperature NN 34457 352 93 . . . 34457 353 1 In in IN 34457 353 2 this this DT 34457 353 3 case case NN 34457 353 4 , , , 34457 353 5 water water NN 34457 353 6 and and CC 34457 353 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 353 8 are be VBP 34457 353 9 in in IN 34457 353 10 _ _ NNP 34457 353 11 real real JJ 34457 353 12 _ _ NNP 34457 353 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 353 14 . . . 34457 354 1 On on IN 34457 354 2 the the DT 34457 354 3 other other JJ 34457 354 4 hand hand NN 34457 354 5 , , , 34457 354 6 water water NN 34457 354 7 in in IN 34457 354 8 contact contact NN 34457 354 9 with with IN 34457 354 10 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 354 11 and and CC 34457 354 12 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 354 13 at at IN 34457 354 14 the the DT 34457 354 15 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 354 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 354 17 is be VBZ 34457 354 18 a a DT 34457 354 19 case case NN 34457 354 20 only only RB 34457 354 21 of of IN 34457 354 22 _ _ NNP 34457 354 23 apparent apparent JJ 34457 354 24 _ _ NNP 34457 354 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 354 26 ; ; : 34457 354 27 on on IN 34457 354 28 changing change VBG 34457 354 29 the the DT 34457 354 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 354 31 and and CC 34457 354 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 354 33 continuously continuously RB 34457 354 34 within within IN 34457 354 35 certain certain JJ 34457 354 36 limits limit NNS 34457 354 37 there there EX 34457 354 38 is be VBZ 34457 354 39 no no DT 34457 354 40 continuous continuous JJ 34457 354 41 change change NN 34457 354 42 observed observe VBN 34457 354 43 in in IN 34457 354 44 the the DT 34457 354 45 relative relative JJ 34457 354 46 amounts amount NNS 34457 354 47 of of IN 34457 354 48 the the DT 34457 354 49 two two CD 34457 354 50 gases gas NNS 34457 354 51 . . . 34457 355 1 On on IN 34457 355 2 heating heating NN 34457 355 3 beyond beyond IN 34457 355 4 these these DT 34457 355 5 limits limit NNS 34457 355 6 there there RB 34457 355 7 is be VBZ 34457 355 8 a a DT 34457 355 9 sudden sudden JJ 34457 355 10 and and CC 34457 355 11 not not RB 34457 355 12 a a DT 34457 355 13 continuous continuous JJ 34457 355 14 change change NN 34457 355 15 , , , 34457 355 16 and and CC 34457 355 17 the the DT 34457 355 18 system system NN 34457 355 19 no no RB 34457 355 20 longer long RBR 34457 355 21 regains regain VBZ 34457 355 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 355 23 former former JJ 34457 355 24 condition condition NN 34457 355 25 on on IN 34457 355 26 being be VBG 34457 355 27 cooled cool VBN 34457 355 28 to to IN 34457 355 29 the the DT 34457 355 30 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 355 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 355 32 . . . 34457 356 1 In in IN 34457 356 2 all all DT 34457 356 3 such such JJ 34457 356 4 cases case NNS 34457 356 5 the the DT 34457 356 6 system system NN 34457 356 7 may may MD 34457 356 8 be be VB 34457 356 9 regarded regard VBN 34457 356 10 as as IN 34457 356 11 undergoing undergoing JJ 34457 356 12 change change NN 34457 356 13 and and CC 34457 356 14 as as IN 34457 356 15 tending tend VBG 34457 356 16 towards towards IN 34457 356 17 a a DT 34457 356 18 state state NN 34457 356 19 of of IN 34457 356 20 true true JJ 34457 356 21 or or CC 34457 356 22 real real JJ 34457 356 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 356 24 , , , 34457 356 25 but but CC 34457 356 26 with with IN 34457 356 27 such such JJ 34457 356 28 slowness slowness NN 34457 356 29 that that IN 34457 356 30 no no DT 34457 356 31 change change NN 34457 356 32 is be VBZ 34457 356 33 observed observe VBN 34457 356 34 . . . 34457 357 1 Although although IN 34457 357 2 the the DT 34457 357 3 case case NN 34457 357 4 of of IN 34457 357 5 water water NN 34457 357 6 in in IN 34457 357 7 contact contact NN 34457 357 8 with with IN 34457 357 9 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 357 10 and and CC 34457 357 11 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 357 12 is be VBZ 34457 357 13 an an DT 34457 357 14 extreme extreme JJ 34457 357 15 one one NN 34457 357 16 , , , 34457 357 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 357 18 must must MD 34457 357 19 be be VB 34457 357 20 borne bear VBN 34457 357 21 in in IN 34457 357 22 mind mind NN 34457 357 23 that that IN 34457 357 24 the the DT 34457 357 25 condition condition NN 34457 357 26 of of IN 34457 357 27 true true JJ 34457 357 28 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 357 29 may may MD 34457 357 30 not not RB 34457 357 31 be be VB 34457 357 32 reached reach VBN 34457 357 33 instantaneously instantaneously RB 34457 357 34 or or CC 34457 357 35 even even RB 34457 357 36 with with IN 34457 357 37 measurable measurable JJ 34457 357 38 velocity velocity NN 34457 357 39 , , , 34457 357 40 and and CC 34457 357 41 in in IN 34457 357 42 all all DT 34457 357 43 cases case NNS 34457 357 44 it -PRON- PRP 34457 357 45 is be VBZ 34457 357 46 necessary necessary JJ 34457 357 47 to to TO 34457 357 48 be be VB 34457 357 49 on on IN 34457 357 50 one one PRP 34457 357 51 's 's POS 34457 357 52 guard guard NN 34457 357 53 against against IN 34457 357 54 mistaking mistake VBG 34457 357 55 apparent apparent JJ 34457 357 56 ( ( -LRB- 34457 357 57 or or CC 34457 357 58 false false JJ 34457 357 59 ) ) -RRB- 34457 357 60 for for IN 34457 357 61 real real JJ 34457 357 62 ( ( -LRB- 34457 357 63 or or CC 34457 357 64 true true JJ 34457 357 65 ) ) -RRB- 34457 357 66 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 357 67 . . . 34457 358 1 The the DT 34457 358 2 importance importance NN 34457 358 3 of of IN 34457 358 4 this this DT 34457 358 5 will will MD 34457 358 6 be be VB 34457 358 7 fully fully RB 34457 358 8 illustrated illustrate VBN 34457 358 9 in in IN 34457 358 10 the the DT 34457 358 11 sequel sequel NN 34457 358 12 . . . 34457 359 1 * * NFP 34457 359 2 * * NFP 34457 359 3 * * NFP 34457 359 4 * * NFP 34457 359 5 * * NFP 34457 359 6 { { -LRB- 34457 359 7 7 7 CD 34457 359 8 } } -RRB- 34457 359 9 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 359 10 II II NNP 34457 359 11 THE the DT 34457 359 12 PHASE phase NN 34457 359 13 RULE rule NN 34457 359 14 Although although IN 34457 359 15 the the DT 34457 359 16 fact fact NN 34457 359 17 that that IN 34457 359 18 chemical chemical NN 34457 359 19 reactions reaction NNS 34457 359 20 do do VBP 34457 359 21 not not RB 34457 359 22 take take VB 34457 359 23 place place NN 34457 359 24 completely completely RB 34457 359 25 in in IN 34457 359 26 one one CD 34457 359 27 direction direction NN 34457 359 28 , , , 34457 359 29 but but CC 34457 359 30 proceed proceed VB 34457 359 31 only only RB 34457 359 32 to to IN 34457 359 33 a a DT 34457 359 34 certain certain JJ 34457 359 35 point point NN 34457 359 36 and and CC 34457 359 37 there there EX 34457 359 38 make make VBP 34457 359 39 a a DT 34457 359 40 halt halt NN 34457 359 41 , , , 34457 359 42 was be VBD 34457 359 43 known know VBN 34457 359 44 in in IN 34457 359 45 the the DT 34457 359 46 last last JJ 34457 359 47 quarter quarter NN 34457 359 48 of of IN 34457 359 49 the the DT 34457 359 50 eighteenth eighteenth JJ 34457 359 51 century century NN 34457 359 52 ( ( -LRB- 34457 359 53 Wenzel Wenzel NNP 34457 359 54 , , , 34457 359 55 1777 1777 CD 34457 359 56 ; ; : 34457 359 57 Berthollet Berthollet NNP 34457 359 58 , , , 34457 359 59 1799 1799 CD 34457 359 60 ) ) -RRB- 34457 359 61 ; ; : 34457 359 62 and and CC 34457 359 63 although although IN 34457 359 64 the the DT 34457 359 65 opening opening NN 34457 359 66 and and CC 34457 359 67 subsequent subsequent JJ 34457 359 68 decades decade NNS 34457 359 69 of of IN 34457 359 70 the the DT 34457 359 71 following follow VBG 34457 359 72 century century NN 34457 359 73 brought bring VBD 34457 359 74 many many JJ 34457 359 75 further further JJ 34457 359 76 examples example NNS 34457 359 77 of of IN 34457 359 78 such such JJ 34457 359 79 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 359 80 to to IN 34457 359 81 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 359 82 knowledge knowledge NN 34457 359 83 , , , 34457 359 84 it -PRON- PRP 34457 359 85 was be VBD 34457 359 86 not not RB 34457 359 87 until until IN 34457 359 88 the the DT 34457 359 89 last last JJ 34457 359 90 quarter quarter NN 34457 359 91 of of IN 34457 359 92 the the DT 34457 359 93 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 34457 359 94 century century NN 34457 359 95 that that WDT 34457 359 96 a a DT 34457 359 97 theorem theorem NN 34457 359 98 , , , 34457 359 99 general general JJ 34457 359 100 in in IN 34457 359 101 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 359 102 application application NN 34457 359 103 and and CC 34457 359 104 with with IN 34457 359 105 foundations foundation NNS 34457 359 106 weakened weaken VBN 34457 359 107 by by IN 34457 359 108 no no DT 34457 359 109 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 34457 359 110 assumptions assumption NNS 34457 359 111 as as IN 34457 359 112 to to IN 34457 359 113 the the DT 34457 359 114 nature nature NN 34457 359 115 or or CC 34457 359 116 constitution constitution NN 34457 359 117 of of IN 34457 359 118 matter matter NN 34457 359 119 , , , 34457 359 120 was be VBD 34457 359 121 put put VBN 34457 359 122 forward forward RP 34457 359 123 by by IN 34457 359 124 Willard Willard NNP 34457 359 125 Gibbs;[5 Gibbs;[5 NNP 34457 359 126 ] ] -RRB- 34457 359 127 a a DT 34457 359 128 generalization generalization NN 34457 359 129 which which WDT 34457 359 130 serves serve VBZ 34457 359 131 at at IN 34457 359 132 once once RB 34457 359 133 as as IN 34457 359 134 a a DT 34457 359 135 golden golden JJ 34457 359 136 rule rule NN 34457 359 137 by by IN 34457 359 138 which which WDT 34457 359 139 the the DT 34457 359 140 condition condition NN 34457 359 141 of of IN 34457 359 142 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 359 143 of of IN 34457 359 144 a a DT 34457 359 145 system system NN 34457 359 146 can can MD 34457 359 147 be be VB 34457 359 148 tested test VBN 34457 359 149 , , , 34457 359 150 and and CC 34457 359 151 as as IN 34457 359 152 a a DT 34457 359 153 guide guide NN 34457 359 154 to to IN 34457 359 155 the the DT 34457 359 156 similarities similarity NNS 34457 359 157 and and CC 34457 359 158 dissimilarities dissimilarity NNS 34457 359 159 existing exist VBG 34457 359 160 in in IN 34457 359 161 different different JJ 34457 359 162 systems system NNS 34457 359 163 . . . 34457 360 1 Before before IN 34457 360 2 that that DT 34457 360 3 time time NN 34457 360 4 , , , 34457 360 5 certainly certainly RB 34457 360 6 , , , 34457 360 7 attempts attempt NNS 34457 360 8 had have VBD 34457 360 9 been be VBN 34457 360 10 made make VBN 34457 360 11 to to TO 34457 360 12 bring bring VB 34457 360 13 the the DT 34457 360 14 different different JJ 34457 360 15 known know VBN 34457 360 16 cases case NNS 34457 360 17 of of IN 34457 360 18 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 360 19 -- -- : 34457 360 20 chemical chemical NN 34457 360 21 and and CC 34457 360 22 physical physical JJ 34457 360 23 -- -- : 34457 360 24 under under IN 34457 360 25 general general JJ 34457 360 26 laws law NNS 34457 360 27 . . . 34457 361 1 From from IN 34457 361 2 the the DT 34457 361 3 very very RB 34457 361 4 first first JJ 34457 361 5 , , , 34457 361 6 both both CC 34457 361 7 Wenzel[6 wenzel[6 NN 34457 361 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 361 9 and and CC 34457 361 10 Berthollet[7 Berthollet[7 NNP 34457 361 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 361 12 recognized recognize VBD 34457 361 13 the the DT 34457 361 14 influence influence NN 34457 361 15 exercised exercise VBN 34457 361 16 by by IN 34457 361 17 the the DT 34457 361 18 _ _ NNP 34457 361 19 mass mass NN 34457 361 20 _ _ NNP 34457 361 21 of of IN 34457 361 22 the the DT 34457 361 23 substances substance NNS 34457 361 24 on on IN 34457 361 25 the the DT 34457 361 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 361 27 of of IN 34457 361 28 the the DT 34457 361 29 system system NN 34457 361 30 . . . 34457 362 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 362 2 was be VBD 34457 362 3 reserved reserve VBN 34457 362 4 , , , 34457 362 5 however however RB 34457 362 6 , , , 34457 362 7 for for IN 34457 362 8 Guldberg Guldberg NNP 34457 362 9 and and CC 34457 362 10 Waage Waage NNP 34457 362 11 , , , 34457 362 12 by by IN 34457 362 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 362 14 more more JJR 34457 362 15 general general JJ 34457 362 16 statement statement NN 34457 362 17 and and CC 34457 362 18 mathematical mathematical JJ 34457 362 19 treatment treatment NN 34457 362 20 of of IN 34457 362 21 the the DT 34457 362 22 Law Law NNP 34457 362 23 of of IN 34457 362 24 Mass Mass NNP 34457 362 25 Action,[8 Action,[8 NNP 34457 362 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 362 27 to to TO 34457 362 28 inaugurate inaugurate VB 34457 362 29 the the DT 34457 362 30 period period NN 34457 362 31 of of IN 34457 362 32 quantitative quantitative JJ 34457 362 33 study study NN 34457 362 34 of of IN 34457 362 35 equilibria equilibria NNP 34457 362 36 . . . 34457 363 1 The the DT 34457 363 2 law law NN 34457 363 3 which which WDT 34457 363 4 these these DT 34457 363 5 investigators investigator NNS 34457 363 6 enunciated enunciate VBD 34457 363 7 { { -LRB- 34457 363 8 8 8 CD 34457 363 9 } } -RRB- 34457 363 10 served serve VBN 34457 363 11 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 34457 363 12 to to TO 34457 363 13 summarize summarize VB 34457 363 14 the the DT 34457 363 15 conditions condition NNS 34457 363 16 of of IN 34457 363 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 363 18 in in IN 34457 363 19 many many JJ 34457 363 20 cases case NNS 34457 363 21 both both DT 34457 363 22 of of IN 34457 363 23 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 363 24 and and CC 34457 363 25 , , , 34457 363 26 with with IN 34457 363 27 the the DT 34457 363 28 help help NN 34457 363 29 of of IN 34457 363 30 certain certain JJ 34457 363 31 assumptions assumption NNS 34457 363 32 and and CC 34457 363 33 additions addition NNS 34457 363 34 , , , 34457 363 35 of of IN 34457 363 36 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 363 37 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 363 38 . . . 34457 364 1 By by IN 34457 364 2 reason reason NN 34457 364 3 , , , 34457 364 4 however however RB 34457 364 5 , , , 34457 364 6 of of IN 34457 364 7 the the DT 34457 364 8 fact fact NN 34457 364 9 that that IN 34457 364 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 364 11 was be VBD 34457 364 12 developed develop VBN 34457 364 13 on on IN 34457 364 14 the the DT 34457 364 15 basis basis NN 34457 364 16 of of IN 34457 364 17 the the DT 34457 364 18 kinetic kinetic JJ 34457 364 19 and and CC 34457 364 20 molecular molecular JJ 34457 364 21 theories theory NNS 34457 364 22 , , , 34457 364 23 and and CC 34457 364 24 involved involved JJ 34457 364 25 , , , 34457 364 26 therefore therefore RB 34457 364 27 , , , 34457 364 28 certain certain JJ 34457 364 29 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 34457 364 30 assumptions assumption NNS 34457 364 31 as as IN 34457 364 32 to to IN 34457 364 33 the the DT 34457 364 34 nature nature NN 34457 364 35 and and CC 34457 364 36 condition condition NN 34457 364 37 of of IN 34457 364 38 the the DT 34457 364 39 substances substance NNS 34457 364 40 taking take VBG 34457 364 41 part part NN 34457 364 42 in in IN 34457 364 43 the the DT 34457 364 44 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 364 45 , , , 34457 364 46 the the DT 34457 364 47 law law NN 34457 364 48 of of IN 34457 364 49 mass mass NNP 34457 364 50 action action NN 34457 364 51 failed fail VBD 34457 364 52 , , , 34457 364 53 as as IN 34457 364 54 it -PRON- PRP 34457 364 55 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 364 56 must must MD 34457 364 57 , , , 34457 364 58 when when WRB 34457 364 59 applied apply VBN 34457 364 60 to to IN 34457 364 61 those those DT 34457 364 62 systems system NNS 34457 364 63 in in IN 34457 364 64 which which WDT 34457 364 65 neither neither CC 34457 364 66 the the DT 34457 364 67 number number NN 34457 364 68 of of IN 34457 364 69 different different JJ 34457 364 70 molecular molecular JJ 34457 364 71 aggregates aggregate NNS 34457 364 72 nor nor CC 34457 364 73 the the DT 34457 364 74 degree degree NN 34457 364 75 of of IN 34457 364 76 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 364 77 molecular molecular JJ 34457 364 78 complexity complexity NN 34457 364 79 was be VBD 34457 364 80 known know VBN 34457 364 81 . . . 34457 365 1 Ten ten CD 34457 365 2 years year NNS 34457 365 3 after after IN 34457 365 4 the the DT 34457 365 5 law law NN 34457 365 6 of of IN 34457 365 7 mass mass NN 34457 365 8 action action NN 34457 365 9 was be VBD 34457 365 10 propounded propound VBN 34457 365 11 by by IN 34457 365 12 Guldberg Guldberg NNP 34457 365 13 and and CC 34457 365 14 Waage Waage NNP 34457 365 15 , , , 34457 365 16 Willard Willard NNP 34457 365 17 Gibbs,[9 Gibbs,[9 NNP 34457 365 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 365 19 Professor Professor NNP 34457 365 20 of of IN 34457 365 21 Physics Physics NNP 34457 365 22 in in IN 34457 365 23 Yale Yale NNP 34457 365 24 University University NNP 34457 365 25 , , , 34457 365 26 showed show VBD 34457 365 27 how how WRB 34457 365 28 , , , 34457 365 29 in in IN 34457 365 30 a a DT 34457 365 31 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 365 32 general general JJ 34457 365 33 manner manner NN 34457 365 34 , , , 34457 365 35 free free JJ 34457 365 36 from from IN 34457 365 37 all all DT 34457 365 38 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 34457 365 39 assumptions assumption NNS 34457 365 40 as as IN 34457 365 41 to to IN 34457 365 42 the the DT 34457 365 43 molecular molecular JJ 34457 365 44 condition condition NN 34457 365 45 of of IN 34457 365 46 the the DT 34457 365 47 participating participate VBG 34457 365 48 substances substance NNS 34457 365 49 , , , 34457 365 50 all all DT 34457 365 51 cases case NNS 34457 365 52 of of IN 34457 365 53 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 365 54 could could MD 34457 365 55 be be VB 34457 365 56 surveyed survey VBN 34457 365 57 and and CC 34457 365 58 grouped group VBN 34457 365 59 into into IN 34457 365 60 classes class NNS 34457 365 61 , , , 34457 365 62 and and CC 34457 365 63 how how WRB 34457 365 64 similarities similarity NNS 34457 365 65 in in IN 34457 365 66 the the DT 34457 365 67 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 365 68 of of IN 34457 365 69 apparently apparently RB 34457 365 70 different different JJ 34457 365 71 kinds kind NNS 34457 365 72 of of IN 34457 365 73 systems system NNS 34457 365 74 , , , 34457 365 75 and and CC 34457 365 76 differences difference NNS 34457 365 77 in in IN 34457 365 78 apparently apparently RB 34457 365 79 similar similar JJ 34457 365 80 systems system NNS 34457 365 81 , , , 34457 365 82 could could MD 34457 365 83 be be VB 34457 365 84 explained explain VBN 34457 365 85 . . . 34457 366 1 As as IN 34457 366 2 the the DT 34457 366 3 basis basis NN 34457 366 4 of of IN 34457 366 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 366 6 theory theory NN 34457 366 7 of of IN 34457 366 8 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 366 9 , , , 34457 366 10 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 34457 366 11 adopted adopt VBD 34457 366 12 the the DT 34457 366 13 laws law NNS 34457 366 14 of of IN 34457 366 15 thermodynamics,[10 thermodynamics,[10 CD 34457 366 16 ] ] -RRB- 34457 366 17 a a DT 34457 366 18 method method NN 34457 366 19 of of IN 34457 366 20 treatment treatment NN 34457 366 21 which which WDT 34457 366 22 had have VBD 34457 366 23 first first RB 34457 366 24 been be VBN 34457 366 25 employed employ VBN 34457 366 26 by by IN 34457 366 27 Horstmann Horstmann NNP 34457 366 28 . . . 34457 367 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 367 2 11 11 CD 34457 367 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 367 4 In in IN 34457 367 5 deducing deduce VBG 34457 367 6 the the DT 34457 367 7 law law NN 34457 367 8 of of IN 34457 367 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 367 10 , , , 34457 367 11 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 34457 367 12 regarded regard VBD 34457 367 13 a a DT 34457 367 14 system system NN 34457 367 15 as as IN 34457 367 16 possessing possess VBG 34457 367 17 only only RB 34457 367 18 three three CD 34457 367 19 independently independently RB 34457 367 20 variable variable JJ 34457 367 21 factors[12]--temperature factors[12]--temperature NN 34457 367 22 , , , 34457 367 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 367 24 , , , 34457 367 25 and and CC 34457 367 26 the the DT 34457 367 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 367 28 of of IN 34457 367 29 the the DT 34457 367 30 components component NNS 34457 367 31 of of IN 34457 367 32 the the DT 34457 367 33 system system NN 34457 367 34 -- -- : 34457 367 35 and and CC 34457 367 36 he -PRON- PRP 34457 367 37 enunciated enunciate VBD 34457 367 38 the the DT 34457 367 39 general general JJ 34457 367 40 theorem theorem NN 34457 367 41 now now RB 34457 367 42 usually usually RB 34457 367 43 known know VBN 34457 367 44 as as IN 34457 367 45 the the DT 34457 367 46 _ _ NNP 34457 367 47 Phase Phase NNP 34457 367 48 Rule Rule NNP 34457 367 49 _ _ NNP 34457 367 50 , , , 34457 367 51 by by IN 34457 367 52 which which WDT 34457 367 53 he -PRON- PRP 34457 367 54 defined define VBD 34457 367 55 the the DT 34457 367 56 conditions condition NNS 34457 367 57 of of IN 34457 367 58 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 367 59 as as IN 34457 367 60 a a DT 34457 367 61 relationship relationship NN 34457 367 62 between between IN 34457 367 63 the the DT 34457 367 64 number number NN 34457 367 65 of of IN 34457 367 66 what what WP 34457 367 67 are be VBP 34457 367 68 called call VBN 34457 367 69 the the DT 34457 367 70 phases phase NNS 34457 367 71 and and CC 34457 367 72 the the DT 34457 367 73 components component NNS 34457 367 74 of of IN 34457 367 75 the the DT 34457 367 76 system system NN 34457 367 77 . . . 34457 368 1 Phases.--Before phases.--before UH 34457 368 2 proceeding proceed VBG 34457 368 3 farther farther RB 34457 368 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 368 5 shall shall MD 34457 368 6 first first RB 34457 368 7 consider consider VB 34457 368 8 what what WP 34457 368 9 exactly exactly RB 34457 368 10 is be VBZ 34457 368 11 meant mean VBN 34457 368 12 by by IN 34457 368 13 the the DT 34457 368 14 terms term NNS 34457 368 15 _ _ NNP 34457 368 16 phase phase NN 34457 368 17 _ _ NNP 34457 368 18 and and CC 34457 368 19 _ _ NNP 34457 368 20 component component NN 34457 368 21 _ _ NNP 34457 368 22 . . . 34457 369 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 369 2 have have VBP 34457 369 3 already already RB 34457 369 4 seen see VBN 34457 369 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 369 6 p. p. NN 34457 369 7 5 5 CD 34457 369 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 369 9 that that IN 34457 369 10 a a DT 34457 369 11 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 369 12 system system NN 34457 369 13 is be VBZ 34457 369 14 made make VBN 34457 369 15 { { -LRB- 34457 369 16 9 9 CD 34457 369 17 } } -RRB- 34457 369 18 up up IN 34457 369 19 of of IN 34457 369 20 different different JJ 34457 369 21 portions portion NNS 34457 369 22 , , , 34457 369 23 each each DT 34457 369 24 in in IN 34457 369 25 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 369 26 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 369 27 , , , 34457 369 28 but but CC 34457 369 29 marked mark VBD 34457 369 30 off off RP 34457 369 31 in in IN 34457 369 32 space space NN 34457 369 33 and and CC 34457 369 34 separated separate VBN 34457 369 35 from from IN 34457 369 36 the the DT 34457 369 37 other other JJ 34457 369 38 portions portion NNS 34457 369 39 by by IN 34457 369 40 bounding bound VBG 34457 369 41 surfaces surface NNS 34457 369 42 . . . 34457 370 1 These these DT 34457 370 2 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 370 3 , , , 34457 370 4 physically physically RB 34457 370 5 distinct distinct JJ 34457 370 6 and and CC 34457 370 7 mechanically mechanically RB 34457 370 8 separable separable JJ 34457 370 9 portions portion NNS 34457 370 10 are be VBP 34457 370 11 called call VBN 34457 370 12 _ _ NNP 34457 370 13 phases phase NNS 34457 370 14 _ _ NNP 34457 370 15 . . . 34457 371 1 Thus thus RB 34457 371 2 ice ice NN 34457 371 3 , , , 34457 371 4 water water NN 34457 371 5 , , , 34457 371 6 and and CC 34457 371 7 vapour vapour RB 34457 371 8 , , , 34457 371 9 are be VBP 34457 371 10 three three CD 34457 371 11 phases phase NNS 34457 371 12 of of IN 34457 371 13 the the DT 34457 371 14 same same JJ 34457 371 15 chemical chemical NN 34457 371 16 substance substance NN 34457 371 17 -- -- : 34457 371 18 water water NN 34457 371 19 . . . 34457 372 1 A a DT 34457 372 2 phase phase NN 34457 372 3 , , , 34457 372 4 however however RB 34457 372 5 , , , 34457 372 6 whilst whilst IN 34457 372 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 372 8 must must MD 34457 372 9 be be VB 34457 372 10 physically physically RB 34457 372 11 and and CC 34457 372 12 chemically chemically RB 34457 372 13 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 372 14 , , , 34457 372 15 need nee MD 34457 372 16 not not RB 34457 372 17 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 372 18 be be VB 34457 372 19 chemically chemically RB 34457 372 20 simple simple JJ 34457 372 21 . . . 34457 373 1 Thus thus RB 34457 373 2 , , , 34457 373 3 a a DT 34457 373 4 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 373 5 mixture mixture NN 34457 373 6 or or CC 34457 373 7 a a DT 34457 373 8 solution solution NN 34457 373 9 may may MD 34457 373 10 form form VB 34457 373 11 a a DT 34457 373 12 phase phase NN 34457 373 13 ; ; : 34457 373 14 but but CC 34457 373 15 a a DT 34457 373 16 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 373 17 mixture mixture NN 34457 373 18 of of IN 34457 373 19 solid solid JJ 34457 373 20 substances substance NNS 34457 373 21 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 373 22 as as IN 34457 373 23 many many JJ 34457 373 24 phases phase NNS 34457 373 25 as as IN 34457 373 26 there there EX 34457 373 27 are be VBP 34457 373 28 substances substance NNS 34457 373 29 present present JJ 34457 373 30 . . . 34457 374 1 Thus thus RB 34457 374 2 when when WRB 34457 374 3 calcium calcium NN 34457 374 4 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 374 5 dissociates dissociate NNS 34457 374 6 under under IN 34457 374 7 the the DT 34457 374 8 influence influence NN 34457 374 9 of of IN 34457 374 10 heat heat NN 34457 374 11 , , , 34457 374 12 calcium calcium NN 34457 374 13 oxide oxide NN 34457 374 14 and and CC 34457 374 15 carbon carbon NN 34457 374 16 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 374 17 are be VBP 34457 374 18 formed form VBN 34457 374 19 . . . 34457 375 1 There there EX 34457 375 2 are be VBP 34457 375 3 then then RB 34457 375 4 _ _ NNP 34457 375 5 two two CD 34457 375 6 _ _ NNP 34457 375 7 solid solid JJ 34457 375 8 phases phase NNS 34457 375 9 present present JJ 34457 375 10 , , , 34457 375 11 viz viz NN 34457 375 12 . . . 34457 376 1 calcium calcium NN 34457 376 2 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 376 3 and and CC 34457 376 4 oxide oxide NN 34457 376 5 , , , 34457 376 6 and and CC 34457 376 7 one one CD 34457 376 8 gas gas NN 34457 376 9 phase phase NN 34457 376 10 , , , 34457 376 11 carbon carbon NN 34457 376 12 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 376 13 . . . 34457 377 1 The the DT 34457 377 2 _ _ NNP 34457 377 3 number number NN 34457 377 4 of of IN 34457 377 5 phases phase NNS 34457 377 6 _ _ NNP 34457 377 7 which which WDT 34457 377 8 can can MD 34457 377 9 exist exist VB 34457 377 10 side side NN 34457 377 11 by by IN 34457 377 12 side side NN 34457 377 13 may may MD 34457 377 14 vary vary VB 34457 377 15 greatly greatly RB 34457 377 16 in in IN 34457 377 17 different different JJ 34457 377 18 systems system NNS 34457 377 19 . . . 34457 378 1 In in IN 34457 378 2 all all DT 34457 378 3 cases case NNS 34457 378 4 , , , 34457 378 5 however however RB 34457 378 6 , , , 34457 378 7 there there EX 34457 378 8 can can MD 34457 378 9 be be VB 34457 378 10 but but CC 34457 378 11 one one CD 34457 378 12 gas gas NN 34457 378 13 or or CC 34457 378 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 378 15 phase phase NN 34457 378 16 on on IN 34457 378 17 the the DT 34457 378 18 account account NN 34457 378 19 of of IN 34457 378 20 the the DT 34457 378 21 fact fact NN 34457 378 22 that that IN 34457 378 23 all all DT 34457 378 24 gases gas NNS 34457 378 25 are be VBP 34457 378 26 miscible miscible JJ 34457 378 27 with with IN 34457 378 28 one one CD 34457 378 29 another another DT 34457 378 30 in in IN 34457 378 31 all all DT 34457 378 32 proportions proportion NNS 34457 378 33 . . . 34457 379 1 In in IN 34457 379 2 the the DT 34457 379 3 case case NN 34457 379 4 of of IN 34457 379 5 liquid liquid NN 34457 379 6 and and CC 34457 379 7 solid solid JJ 34457 379 8 phases phase NNS 34457 379 9 the the DT 34457 379 10 number number NN 34457 379 11 is be VBZ 34457 379 12 indefinite indefinite JJ 34457 379 13 , , , 34457 379 14 since since IN 34457 379 15 the the DT 34457 379 16 above above JJ 34457 379 17 property property NN 34457 379 18 does do VBZ 34457 379 19 not not RB 34457 379 20 apply apply VB 34457 379 21 to to IN 34457 379 22 them -PRON- PRP 34457 379 23 . . . 34457 380 1 The the DT 34457 380 2 number number NN 34457 380 3 of of IN 34457 380 4 phases phase NNS 34457 380 5 which which WDT 34457 380 6 can can MD 34457 380 7 be be VB 34457 380 8 formed form VBN 34457 380 9 by by IN 34457 380 10 any any DT 34457 380 11 given give VBN 34457 380 12 substance substance NN 34457 380 13 or or CC 34457 380 14 group group NN 34457 380 15 of of IN 34457 380 16 substances substance NNS 34457 380 17 also also RB 34457 380 18 differs differ VBZ 34457 380 19 greatly greatly RB 34457 380 20 , , , 34457 380 21 and and CC 34457 380 22 in in IN 34457 380 23 general general JJ 34457 380 24 increases increase NNS 34457 380 25 with with IN 34457 380 26 the the DT 34457 380 27 number number NN 34457 380 28 of of IN 34457 380 29 participating participate VBG 34457 380 30 substances substance NNS 34457 380 31 . . . 34457 381 1 Even even RB 34457 381 2 in in IN 34457 381 3 the the DT 34457 381 4 case case NN 34457 381 5 of of IN 34457 381 6 a a DT 34457 381 7 single single JJ 34457 381 8 substance substance NN 34457 381 9 , , , 34457 381 10 however however RB 34457 381 11 , , , 34457 381 12 the the DT 34457 381 13 number number NN 34457 381 14 may may MD 34457 381 15 be be VB 34457 381 16 considerable considerable JJ 34457 381 17 ; ; : 34457 381 18 in in IN 34457 381 19 the the DT 34457 381 20 case case NN 34457 381 21 of of IN 34457 381 22 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 381 23 , , , 34457 381 24 for for IN 34457 381 25 example example NN 34457 381 26 , , , 34457 381 27 at at RB 34457 381 28 least least RBS 34457 381 29 eight eight CD 34457 381 30 different different JJ 34457 381 31 solid solid JJ 34457 381 32 phases phase NNS 34457 381 33 are be VBP 34457 381 34 known know VBN 34457 381 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 381 36 _ _ NNP 34457 381 37 v. v. IN 34457 381 38 _ _ NNP 34457 381 39 Chap Chap NNP 34457 381 40 . . . 34457 382 1 III III NNP 34457 382 2 . . . 34457 382 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 382 4 . . . 34457 383 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 383 2 is be VBZ 34457 383 3 of of IN 34457 383 4 importance importance NN 34457 383 5 to to TO 34457 383 6 bear bear VB 34457 383 7 in in IN 34457 383 8 mind mind NN 34457 383 9 that that IN 34457 383 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 383 11 is be VBZ 34457 383 12 _ _ NNP 34457 383 13 independent independent NN 34457 383 14 of of IN 34457 383 15 the the DT 34457 383 16 amounts amount NNS 34457 383 17 _ _ NNP 34457 383 18 of of IN 34457 383 19 the the DT 34457 383 20 phases phase NNS 34457 383 21 present present JJ 34457 383 22 . . . 34457 384 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 384 2 13 13 CD 34457 384 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 384 4 Thus thus RB 34457 384 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 384 6 is be VBZ 34457 384 7 a a DT 34457 384 8 familiar familiar JJ 34457 384 9 fact fact NN 34457 384 10 that that IN 34457 384 11 the the DT 34457 384 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 384 13 of of IN 34457 384 14 a a DT 34457 384 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 384 16 in in IN 34457 384 17 contact contact NN 34457 384 18 with with IN 34457 384 19 a a DT 34457 384 20 { { -LRB- 34457 384 21 10 10 CD 34457 384 22 } } -RRB- 34457 384 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 384 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 384 25 _ _ NNP 34457 384 26 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 384 27 _ _ NNP 34457 384 28 the the DT 34457 384 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 384 30 of of IN 34457 384 31 the the DT 34457 384 32 saturated saturate VBN 34457 384 33 vapour vapour NN 34457 384 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 384 35 is be VBZ 34457 384 36 unaffected unaffected JJ 34457 384 37 by by IN 34457 384 38 the the DT 34457 384 39 amounts amount NNS 34457 384 40 , , , 34457 384 41 whether whether IN 34457 384 42 relative relative JJ 34457 384 43 or or CC 34457 384 44 absolute absolute JJ 34457 384 45 , , , 34457 384 46 of of IN 34457 384 47 the the DT 34457 384 48 liquid liquid NN 34457 384 49 and and CC 34457 384 50 vapour vapour NN 34457 384 51 ; ; : 34457 384 52 also also RB 34457 384 53 the the DT 34457 384 54 amount amount NN 34457 384 55 of of IN 34457 384 56 a a DT 34457 384 57 substance substance NN 34457 384 58 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 384 59 by by IN 34457 384 60 a a DT 34457 384 61 liquid liquid NN 34457 384 62 is be VBZ 34457 384 63 independent independent JJ 34457 384 64 of of IN 34457 384 65 the the DT 34457 384 66 amount amount NN 34457 384 67 of of IN 34457 384 68 solid solid JJ 34457 384 69 in in IN 34457 384 70 contact contact NN 34457 384 71 with with IN 34457 384 72 the the DT 34457 384 73 solution solution NN 34457 384 74 . . . 34457 385 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 385 2 is be VBZ 34457 385 3 true true JJ 34457 385 4 that that IN 34457 385 5 deviations deviation NNS 34457 385 6 from from IN 34457 385 7 this this DT 34457 385 8 general general JJ 34457 385 9 law law NN 34457 385 10 occur occur VBP 34457 385 11 when when WRB 34457 385 12 the the DT 34457 385 13 amount amount NN 34457 385 14 of of IN 34457 385 15 liquid liquid NN 34457 385 16 or or CC 34457 385 17 the the DT 34457 385 18 size size NN 34457 385 19 of of IN 34457 385 20 the the DT 34457 385 21 solid solid JJ 34457 385 22 particles particle NNS 34457 385 23 is be VBZ 34457 385 24 reduced reduce VBN 34457 385 25 beyond beyond IN 34457 385 26 a a DT 34457 385 27 certain certain JJ 34457 385 28 point,[14 point,[14 CD 34457 385 29 ] ] -RRB- 34457 385 30 owing owe VBG 34457 385 31 to to IN 34457 385 32 the the DT 34457 385 33 influence influence NN 34457 385 34 of of IN 34457 385 35 surface surface NN 34457 385 36 energy energy NN 34457 385 37 ; ; : 34457 385 38 but but CC 34457 385 39 we -PRON- PRP 34457 385 40 have have VBP 34457 385 41 already already RB 34457 385 42 ( ( -LRB- 34457 385 43 p. p. NN 34457 385 44 5 5 CD 34457 385 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 385 46 excluded exclude VBD 34457 385 47 such such JJ 34457 385 48 cases case NNS 34457 385 49 from from IN 34457 385 50 consideration consideration NN 34457 385 51 . . . 34457 386 1 Components.--Although Components.--Although NFP 34457 386 2 the the DT 34457 386 3 conception conception NN 34457 386 4 of of IN 34457 386 5 phases phase NNS 34457 386 6 is be VBZ 34457 386 7 one one CD 34457 386 8 which which WDT 34457 386 9 is be VBZ 34457 386 10 readily readily RB 34457 386 11 understood understand VBN 34457 386 12 , , , 34457 386 13 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 386 14 greater great JJR 34457 386 15 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 386 16 is be VBZ 34457 386 17 experienced experience VBN 34457 386 18 when when WRB 34457 386 19 we -PRON- PRP 34457 386 20 come come VBP 34457 386 21 to to TO 34457 386 22 consider consider VB 34457 386 23 what what WP 34457 386 24 is be VBZ 34457 386 25 meant mean VBN 34457 386 26 by by IN 34457 386 27 the the DT 34457 386 28 term term NN 34457 386 29 _ _ NNP 34457 386 30 component component NN 34457 386 31 _ _ NNP 34457 386 32 ; ; : 34457 386 33 for for IN 34457 386 34 the the DT 34457 386 35 components component NNS 34457 386 36 of of IN 34457 386 37 a a DT 34457 386 38 system system NN 34457 386 39 are be VBP 34457 386 40 not not RB 34457 386 41 synonymous synonymous JJ 34457 386 42 with with IN 34457 386 43 the the DT 34457 386 44 chemical chemical NN 34457 386 45 elements element NNS 34457 386 46 or or CC 34457 386 47 compounds compound VBZ 34457 386 48 present present JJ 34457 386 49 , , , 34457 386 50 _ _ NNP 34457 386 51 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 386 52 _ _ NNP 34457 386 53 with with IN 34457 386 54 the the DT 34457 386 55 _ _ NNP 34457 386 56 constituents constituent NNS 34457 386 57 _ _ NNP 34457 386 58 of of IN 34457 386 59 the the DT 34457 386 60 system system NN 34457 386 61 , , , 34457 386 62 although although IN 34457 386 63 both both DT 34457 386 64 elements element NNS 34457 386 65 and and CC 34457 386 66 compounds compound NNS 34457 386 67 may may MD 34457 386 68 be be VB 34457 386 69 components component NNS 34457 386 70 . . . 34457 387 1 By by IN 34457 387 2 the the DT 34457 387 3 latter latter JJ 34457 387 4 term term NN 34457 387 5 there there EX 34457 387 6 are be VBP 34457 387 7 meant mean VBN 34457 387 8 only only RB 34457 387 9 those those DT 34457 387 10 constituents constituent NNS 34457 387 11 the the DT 34457 387 12 concentration concentration NN 34457 387 13 of of IN 34457 387 14 which which WDT 34457 387 15 can can MD 34457 387 16 undergo undergo VB 34457 387 17 _ _ NNP 34457 387 18 independent independent JJ 34457 387 19 _ _ NNP 34457 387 20 variation variation NN 34457 387 21 in in IN 34457 387 22 the the DT 34457 387 23 different different JJ 34457 387 24 phases phase NNS 34457 387 25 , , , 34457 387 26 and and CC 34457 387 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 387 28 is be VBZ 34457 387 29 only only RB 34457 387 30 with with IN 34457 387 31 these these DT 34457 387 32 that that IN 34457 387 33 we -PRON- PRP 34457 387 34 are be VBP 34457 387 35 concerned concern VBN 34457 387 36 here here RB 34457 387 37 . . . 34457 388 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 388 2 15 15 CD 34457 388 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 388 4 To to TO 34457 388 5 understand understand VB 34457 388 6 the the DT 34457 388 7 meaning meaning NN 34457 388 8 of of IN 34457 388 9 this this DT 34457 388 10 term term NN 34457 388 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 388 12 shall shall MD 34457 388 13 consider consider VB 34457 388 14 briefly briefly RB 34457 388 15 some some DT 34457 388 16 cases case NNS 34457 388 17 with with IN 34457 388 18 which which WDT 34457 388 19 the the DT 34457 388 20 reader reader NN 34457 388 21 will will MD 34457 388 22 be be VB 34457 388 23 familiar familiar JJ 34457 388 24 , , , 34457 388 25 and and CC 34457 388 26 at at IN 34457 388 27 the the DT 34457 388 28 outset outset NN 34457 388 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 388 30 must must MD 34457 388 31 be be VB 34457 388 32 emphasized emphasize VBN 34457 388 33 that that IN 34457 388 34 the the DT 34457 388 35 Phase Phase NNP 34457 388 36 Rule Rule NNP 34457 388 37 is be VBZ 34457 388 38 concerned concern VBN 34457 388 39 merely merely RB 34457 388 40 with with IN 34457 388 41 those those DT 34457 388 42 constituents constituent NNS 34457 388 43 which which WDT 34457 388 44 take take VBP 34457 388 45 part part NN 34457 388 46 in in IN 34457 388 47 the the DT 34457 388 48 state state NN 34457 388 49 of of IN 34457 388 50 real real JJ 34457 388 51 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 388 52 ( ( -LRB- 34457 388 53 p. p. NN 34457 388 54 5 5 CD 34457 388 55 ) ) -RRB- 34457 388 56 ; ; : 34457 388 57 for for IN 34457 388 58 it -PRON- PRP 34457 388 59 is be VBZ 34457 388 60 only only RB 34457 388 61 to to IN 34457 388 62 the the DT 34457 388 63 final final JJ 34457 388 64 state state NN 34457 388 65 , , , 34457 388 66 not not RB 34457 388 67 to to IN 34457 388 68 the the DT 34457 388 69 processes process NNS 34457 388 70 by by IN 34457 388 71 which which WDT 34457 388 72 that that DT 34457 388 73 state state NN 34457 388 74 is be VBZ 34457 388 75 reached reach VBN 34457 388 76 , , , 34457 388 77 that that IN 34457 388 78 the the DT 34457 388 79 Phase Phase NNP 34457 388 80 Rule Rule NNP 34457 388 81 applies apply VBZ 34457 388 82 . . . 34457 389 1 Consider consider VB 34457 389 2 now now RB 34457 389 3 the the DT 34457 389 4 case case NN 34457 389 5 of of IN 34457 389 6 the the DT 34457 389 7 system system NN 34457 389 8 water water NN 34457 389 9 -- -- : 34457 389 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 389 11 or or CC 34457 389 12 ice ice NN 34457 389 13 -- -- : 34457 389 14 water water NN 34457 389 15 -- -- : 34457 389 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 389 17 . . . 34457 390 1 The the DT 34457 390 2 number number NN 34457 390 3 of of IN 34457 390 4 constituents constituent NNS 34457 390 5 taking take VBG 34457 390 6 part part NN 34457 390 7 in in IN 34457 390 8 the the DT 34457 390 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 390 10 here here RB 34457 390 11 is be VBZ 34457 390 12 only only RB 34457 390 13 one one CD 34457 390 14 , , , 34457 390 15 viz viz NN 34457 390 16 . . . 34457 391 1 the the DT 34457 391 2 chemical chemical NN 34457 391 3 substance substance NN 34457 391 4 , , , 34457 391 5 water water NN 34457 391 6 . . . 34457 392 1 Hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 392 2 and and CC 34457 392 3 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 392 4 , , , 34457 392 5 the the DT 34457 392 6 constituents constituent NNS 34457 392 7 of of IN 34457 392 8 water water NN 34457 392 9 , , , 34457 392 10 are be VBP 34457 392 11 not not RB 34457 392 12 to to TO 34457 392 13 be be VB 34457 392 14 regarded regard VBN 34457 392 15 as as IN 34457 392 16 components component NNS 34457 392 17 , , , 34457 392 18 because because IN 34457 392 19 , , , 34457 392 20 in in IN 34457 392 21 the the DT 34457 392 22 first first JJ 34457 392 23 place place NN 34457 392 24 , , , 34457 392 25 they -PRON- PRP 34457 392 26 are be VBP 34457 392 27 { { -LRB- 34457 392 28 11 11 CD 34457 392 29 } } -RRB- 34457 392 30 not not RB 34457 392 31 present present JJ 34457 392 32 in in IN 34457 392 33 the the DT 34457 392 34 system system NN 34457 392 35 in in IN 34457 392 36 a a DT 34457 392 37 state state NN 34457 392 38 of of IN 34457 392 39 real real JJ 34457 392 40 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 392 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 392 42 p. p. NN 34457 392 43 6 6 CD 34457 392 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 392 45 ; ; : 34457 392 46 in in IN 34457 392 47 the the DT 34457 392 48 second second JJ 34457 392 49 place place NN 34457 392 50 , , , 34457 392 51 they -PRON- PRP 34457 392 52 are be VBP 34457 392 53 combined combine VBN 34457 392 54 in in IN 34457 392 55 definite definite JJ 34457 392 56 proportions proportion NNS 34457 392 57 to to TO 34457 392 58 form form VB 34457 392 59 water water NN 34457 392 60 , , , 34457 392 61 and and CC 34457 392 62 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 392 63 amounts amount NNS 34457 392 64 , , , 34457 392 65 therefore therefore RB 34457 392 66 , , , 34457 392 67 can can MD 34457 392 68 not not RB 34457 392 69 be be VB 34457 392 70 varied vary VBN 34457 392 71 independently independently RB 34457 392 72 . . . 34457 393 1 A a DT 34457 393 2 variation variation NN 34457 393 3 in in IN 34457 393 4 the the DT 34457 393 5 amount amount NN 34457 393 6 of of IN 34457 393 7 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 393 8 necessitates necessitate VBZ 34457 393 9 a a DT 34457 393 10 definite definite JJ 34457 393 11 variation variation NN 34457 393 12 in in IN 34457 393 13 the the DT 34457 393 14 amount amount NN 34457 393 15 of of IN 34457 393 16 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 393 17 . . . 34457 394 1 In in IN 34457 394 2 the the DT 34457 394 3 case case NN 34457 394 4 , , , 34457 394 5 already already RB 34457 394 6 referred refer VBD 34457 394 7 to to IN 34457 394 8 , , , 34457 394 9 in in IN 34457 394 10 which which WDT 34457 394 11 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 394 12 and and CC 34457 394 13 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 394 14 are be VBP 34457 394 15 present present JJ 34457 394 16 along along IN 34457 394 17 with with IN 34457 394 18 water water NN 34457 394 19 at at IN 34457 394 20 the the DT 34457 394 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 394 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 394 23 , , , 34457 394 24 we -PRON- PRP 34457 394 25 are be VBP 34457 394 26 not not RB 34457 394 27 dealing deal VBG 34457 394 28 with with IN 34457 394 29 a a DT 34457 394 30 condition condition NN 34457 394 31 of of IN 34457 394 32 true true JJ 34457 394 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 394 34 . . . 34457 395 1 If if IN 34457 395 2 , , , 34457 395 3 however however RB 34457 395 4 , , , 34457 395 5 the the DT 34457 395 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 395 7 is be VBZ 34457 395 8 raised raise VBN 34457 395 9 to to IN 34457 395 10 a a DT 34457 395 11 certain certain JJ 34457 395 12 point point NN 34457 395 13 , , , 34457 395 14 a a DT 34457 395 15 state state NN 34457 395 16 of of IN 34457 395 17 true true JJ 34457 395 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 395 19 between between IN 34457 395 20 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 395 21 , , , 34457 395 22 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 395 23 , , , 34457 395 24 and and CC 34457 395 25 water water NN 34457 395 26 - - HYPH 34457 395 27 vapour vapour NN 34457 395 28 will will MD 34457 395 29 be be VB 34457 395 30 possible possible JJ 34457 395 31 . . . 34457 396 1 In in IN 34457 396 2 this this DT 34457 396 3 case case NN 34457 396 4 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 396 5 and and CC 34457 396 6 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 396 7 will will MD 34457 396 8 be be VB 34457 396 9 components component NNS 34457 396 10 , , , 34457 396 11 because because IN 34457 396 12 now now RB 34457 396 13 they -PRON- PRP 34457 396 14 do do VBP 34457 396 15 take take VB 34457 396 16 part part NN 34457 396 17 in in IN 34457 396 18 the the DT 34457 396 19 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 396 20 ; ; : 34457 396 21 also also RB 34457 396 22 , , , 34457 396 23 they -PRON- PRP 34457 396 24 need need VBP 34457 396 25 no no RB 34457 396 26 longer longer RB 34457 396 27 be be VB 34457 396 28 present present JJ 34457 396 29 in in IN 34457 396 30 definite definite JJ 34457 396 31 proportions proportion NNS 34457 396 32 , , , 34457 396 33 but but CC 34457 396 34 excess excess NN 34457 396 35 of of IN 34457 396 36 one one CD 34457 396 37 or or CC 34457 396 38 the the DT 34457 396 39 other other JJ 34457 396 40 may may MD 34457 396 41 be be VB 34457 396 42 added add VBN 34457 396 43 . . . 34457 397 1 Of of RB 34457 397 2 course course RB 34457 397 3 , , , 34457 397 4 if if IN 34457 397 5 the the DT 34457 397 6 restriction restriction NN 34457 397 7 be be VB 34457 397 8 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 397 9 made make VBN 34457 397 10 that that IN 34457 397 11 the the DT 34457 397 12 free free JJ 34457 397 13 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 397 14 and and CC 34457 397 15 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 397 16 shall shall MD 34457 397 17 be be VB 34457 397 18 present present JJ 34457 397 19 always always RB 34457 397 20 and and CC 34457 397 21 only only RB 34457 397 22 in in IN 34457 397 23 the the DT 34457 397 24 proportions proportion NNS 34457 397 25 in in IN 34457 397 26 which which WDT 34457 397 27 they -PRON- PRP 34457 397 28 are be VBP 34457 397 29 combined combine VBN 34457 397 30 to to TO 34457 397 31 form form VB 34457 397 32 water water NN 34457 397 33 , , , 34457 397 34 there there EX 34457 397 35 will will MD 34457 397 36 be be VB 34457 397 37 , , , 34457 397 38 as as IN 34457 397 39 before before RB 34457 397 40 , , , 34457 397 41 only only RB 34457 397 42 one one CD 34457 397 43 component component NN 34457 397 44 , , , 34457 397 45 water water NN 34457 397 46 . . . 34457 398 1 From from IN 34457 398 2 this this DT 34457 398 3 , , , 34457 398 4 then then RB 34457 398 5 , , , 34457 398 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 398 7 see see VBP 34457 398 8 that that IN 34457 398 9 a a DT 34457 398 10 change change NN 34457 398 11 in in IN 34457 398 12 the the DT 34457 398 13 conditions condition NNS 34457 398 14 of of IN 34457 398 15 the the DT 34457 398 16 experiment experiment NN 34457 398 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 398 18 in in IN 34457 398 19 the the DT 34457 398 20 present present JJ 34457 398 21 case case NN 34457 398 22 a a DT 34457 398 23 rise rise NN 34457 398 24 of of IN 34457 398 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 398 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 398 27 may may MD 34457 398 28 necessitate necessitate VB 34457 398 29 a a DT 34457 398 30 change change NN 34457 398 31 in in IN 34457 398 32 the the DT 34457 398 33 number number NN 34457 398 34 of of IN 34457 398 35 the the DT 34457 398 36 components component NNS 34457 398 37 . . . 34457 399 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 399 2 is be VBZ 34457 399 3 , , , 34457 399 4 however however RB 34457 399 5 , , , 34457 399 6 only only RB 34457 399 7 in in IN 34457 399 8 the the DT 34457 399 9 case case NN 34457 399 10 of of IN 34457 399 11 systems system NNS 34457 399 12 of of IN 34457 399 13 more more JJR 34457 399 14 than than IN 34457 399 15 one one CD 34457 399 16 component component NN 34457 399 17 that that WDT 34457 399 18 any any DT 34457 399 19 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 399 20 will will MD 34457 399 21 be be VB 34457 399 22 found find VBN 34457 399 23 ; ; : 34457 399 24 for for IN 34457 399 25 only only RB 34457 399 26 in in IN 34457 399 27 this this DT 34457 399 28 case case NN 34457 399 29 will will MD 34457 399 30 a a DT 34457 399 31 choice choice NN 34457 399 32 of of IN 34457 399 33 components component NNS 34457 399 34 be be VB 34457 399 35 possible possible JJ 34457 399 36 . . . 34457 400 1 Take take VB 34457 400 2 , , , 34457 400 3 for for IN 34457 400 4 instance instance NN 34457 400 5 , , , 34457 400 6 the the DT 34457 400 7 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 400 8 of of IN 34457 400 9 calcium calcium NN 34457 400 10 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 400 11 into into IN 34457 400 12 calcium calcium NN 34457 400 13 oxide oxide NN 34457 400 14 and and CC 34457 400 15 carbon carbon NN 34457 400 16 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 400 17 . . . 34457 401 1 At at IN 34457 401 2 each each DT 34457 401 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 401 4 , , , 34457 401 5 as as IN 34457 401 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 401 7 have have VBP 34457 401 8 seen see VBN 34457 401 9 , , , 34457 401 10 there there EX 34457 401 11 is be VBZ 34457 401 12 a a DT 34457 401 13 definite definite JJ 34457 401 14 state state NN 34457 401 15 of of IN 34457 401 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 401 17 . . . 34457 402 1 When when WRB 34457 402 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 402 3 has have VBZ 34457 402 4 been be VBN 34457 402 5 established establish VBN 34457 402 6 , , , 34457 402 7 there there EX 34457 402 8 are be VBP 34457 402 9 three three CD 34457 402 10 different different JJ 34457 402 11 substances substance NNS 34457 402 12 present present JJ 34457 402 13 -- -- : 34457 402 14 calcium calcium NN 34457 402 15 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 402 16 , , , 34457 402 17 calcium calcium NN 34457 402 18 oxide oxide NN 34457 402 19 , , , 34457 402 20 and and CC 34457 402 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 402 22 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 402 23 ; ; , 34457 402 24 and and CC 34457 402 25 these these DT 34457 402 26 are be VBP 34457 402 27 the the DT 34457 402 28 constituents constituent NNS 34457 402 29 of of IN 34457 402 30 the the DT 34457 402 31 system system NN 34457 402 32 between between IN 34457 402 33 which which WDT 34457 402 34 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 402 35 exists exist VBZ 34457 402 36 . . . 34457 403 1 Now now RB 34457 403 2 , , , 34457 403 3 although although IN 34457 403 4 these these DT 34457 403 5 constituents constituent NNS 34457 403 6 take take VBP 34457 403 7 part part NN 34457 403 8 in in IN 34457 403 9 the the DT 34457 403 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 403 11 , , , 34457 403 12 they -PRON- PRP 34457 403 13 are be VBP 34457 403 14 not not RB 34457 403 15 all all DT 34457 403 16 to to TO 34457 403 17 be be VB 34457 403 18 regarded regard VBN 34457 403 19 as as IN 34457 403 20 components component NNS 34457 403 21 , , , 34457 403 22 for for IN 34457 403 23 they -PRON- PRP 34457 403 24 are be VBP 34457 403 25 not not RB 34457 403 26 mutually mutually RB 34457 403 27 independent independent JJ 34457 403 28 . . . 34457 404 1 On on IN 34457 404 2 the the DT 34457 404 3 contrary contrary NN 34457 404 4 , , , 34457 404 5 the the DT 34457 404 6 different different JJ 34457 404 7 phases phase NNS 34457 404 8 are be VBP 34457 404 9 related relate VBN 34457 404 10 to to IN 34457 404 11 one one CD 34457 404 12 another another DT 34457 404 13 , , , 34457 404 14 and and CC 34457 404 15 if if IN 34457 404 16 two two CD 34457 404 17 of of IN 34457 404 18 these these DT 34457 404 19 are be VBP 34457 404 20 taken take VBN 34457 404 21 , , , 34457 404 22 the the DT 34457 404 23 composition composition NN 34457 404 24 of of IN 34457 404 25 the the DT 34457 404 26 third third JJ 34457 404 27 is be VBZ 34457 404 28 defined define VBN 34457 404 29 by by IN 34457 404 30 the the DT 34457 404 31 equation equation NN 34457 404 32 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 404 33 } } -RRB- 34457 404 34 = = NFP 34457 404 35 CaO CaO NNP 34457 404 36 + + SYM 34457 404 37 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 404 38 } } -RRB- 34457 404 39 { { -LRB- 34457 404 40 12 12 CD 34457 404 41 } } -RRB- 34457 404 42 Now now RB 34457 404 43 , , , 34457 404 44 in in IN 34457 404 45 deciding decide VBG 34457 404 46 the the DT 34457 404 47 number number NN 34457 404 48 of of IN 34457 404 49 components component NNS 34457 404 50 in in IN 34457 404 51 any any DT 34457 404 52 given give VBN 34457 404 53 system system NN 34457 404 54 , , , 34457 404 55 not not RB 34457 404 56 only only RB 34457 404 57 must must MD 34457 404 58 the the DT 34457 404 59 constituents constituent NNS 34457 404 60 chosen choose VBN 34457 404 61 be be VB 34457 404 62 capable capable JJ 34457 404 63 of of IN 34457 404 64 independent independent JJ 34457 404 65 variation variation NN 34457 404 66 , , , 34457 404 67 but but CC 34457 404 68 a a DT 34457 404 69 further further JJ 34457 404 70 restriction restriction NN 34457 404 71 is be VBZ 34457 404 72 imposed impose VBN 34457 404 73 , , , 34457 404 74 and and CC 34457 404 75 we -PRON- PRP 34457 404 76 obtain obtain VBP 34457 404 77 the the DT 34457 404 78 following follow VBG 34457 404 79 rule rule NN 34457 404 80 : : : 34457 404 81 _ _ NNP 34457 404 82 As as IN 34457 404 83 the the DT 34457 404 84 components component NNS 34457 404 85 of of IN 34457 404 86 a a DT 34457 404 87 system system NN 34457 404 88 there there EX 34457 404 89 are be VBP 34457 404 90 to to TO 34457 404 91 be be VB 34457 404 92 chosen choose VBN 34457 404 93 the the DT 34457 404 94 _ _ NNP 34457 404 95 smallest small JJS 34457 404 96 number number NN 34457 404 97 _ _ NNP 34457 404 98 of of IN 34457 404 99 independently independently RB 34457 404 100 variable variable JJ 34457 404 101 constituents constituent NNS 34457 404 102 by by IN 34457 404 103 means mean NNS 34457 404 104 of of IN 34457 404 105 which which WDT 34457 404 106 the the DT 34457 404 107 composition composition NN 34457 404 108 of of IN 34457 404 109 each each DT 34457 404 110 phase phase NN 34457 404 111 participating participate VBG 34457 404 112 in in IN 34457 404 113 the the DT 34457 404 114 state state NN 34457 404 115 of of IN 34457 404 116 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 404 117 can can MD 34457 404 118 be be VB 34457 404 119 expressed express VBN 34457 404 120 in in IN 34457 404 121 the the DT 34457 404 122 form form NN 34457 404 123 of of IN 34457 404 124 a a DT 34457 404 125 chemical chemical JJ 34457 404 126 equation equation NN 34457 404 127 . . . 34457 404 128 _ _ NNP 34457 404 129 Applying Applying NNP 34457 404 130 this this DT 34457 404 131 rule rule NN 34457 404 132 to to IN 34457 404 133 the the DT 34457 404 134 case case NN 34457 404 135 under under IN 34457 404 136 consideration consideration NN 34457 404 137 , , , 34457 404 138 we -PRON- PRP 34457 404 139 see see VBP 34457 404 140 that that DT 34457 404 141 of of IN 34457 404 142 the the DT 34457 404 143 three three CD 34457 404 144 constituents constituent NNS 34457 404 145 present present JJ 34457 404 146 when when WRB 34457 404 147 the the DT 34457 404 148 system system NN 34457 404 149 is be VBZ 34457 404 150 in in IN 34457 404 151 a a DT 34457 404 152 state state NN 34457 404 153 of of IN 34457 404 154 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 404 155 , , , 34457 404 156 only only RB 34457 404 157 two two CD 34457 404 158 , , , 34457 404 159 as as RB 34457 404 160 already already RB 34457 404 161 stated state VBN 34457 404 162 , , , 34457 404 163 are be VBP 34457 404 164 independently independently RB 34457 404 165 variable variable JJ 34457 404 166 . . . 34457 405 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 405 2 will will MD 34457 405 3 further further RB 34457 405 4 be be VB 34457 405 5 seen see VBN 34457 405 6 that that IN 34457 405 7 in in IN 34457 405 8 order order NN 34457 405 9 to to TO 34457 405 10 express express VB 34457 405 11 the the DT 34457 405 12 composition composition NN 34457 405 13 of of IN 34457 405 14 each each DT 34457 405 15 phase phase NN 34457 405 16 present present JJ 34457 405 17 , , , 34457 405 18 two two CD 34457 405 19 of of IN 34457 405 20 these these DT 34457 405 21 constituents constituent NNS 34457 405 22 are be VBP 34457 405 23 necessary necessary JJ 34457 405 24 . . . 34457 406 1 The the DT 34457 406 2 system system NN 34457 406 3 is be VBZ 34457 406 4 , , , 34457 406 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 406 6 , , , 34457 406 7 one one CD 34457 406 8 of of IN 34457 406 9 _ _ NNP 34457 406 10 two two CD 34457 406 11 components component NNS 34457 406 12 _ _ NNP 34457 406 13 , , , 34457 406 14 or or CC 34457 406 15 a a DT 34457 406 16 system system NN 34457 406 17 of of IN 34457 406 18 the the DT 34457 406 19 second second JJ 34457 406 20 order order NN 34457 406 21 . . . 34457 407 1 When when WRB 34457 407 2 , , , 34457 407 3 now now RB 34457 407 4 , , , 34457 407 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 407 6 proceed proceed VBP 34457 407 7 to to IN 34457 407 8 the the DT 34457 407 9 actual actual JJ 34457 407 10 choice choice NN 34457 407 11 of of IN 34457 407 12 components component NNS 34457 407 13 , , , 34457 407 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 407 15 is be VBZ 34457 407 16 evident evident JJ 34457 407 17 that that IN 34457 407 18 any any DT 34457 407 19 two two CD 34457 407 20 of of IN 34457 407 21 the the DT 34457 407 22 constituents constituent NNS 34457 407 23 can can MD 34457 407 24 be be VB 34457 407 25 selected select VBN 34457 407 26 . . . 34457 408 1 Thus thus RB 34457 408 2 , , , 34457 408 3 if if IN 34457 408 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 408 5 choose choose VBP 34457 408 6 as as IN 34457 408 7 components component NNS 34457 408 8 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 408 9 } } -RRB- 34457 408 10 and and CC 34457 408 11 CaO CaO NNP 34457 408 12 , , , 34457 408 13 the the DT 34457 408 14 composition composition NN 34457 408 15 of of IN 34457 408 16 each each DT 34457 408 17 phase phase NN 34457 408 18 can can MD 34457 408 19 be be VB 34457 408 20 expressed express VBN 34457 408 21 by by IN 34457 408 22 the the DT 34457 408 23 following follow VBG 34457 408 24 equations:-- equations:-- NNP 34457 408 25 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 408 26 } } -RRB- 34457 408 27 = = NFP 34457 408 28 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 408 29 } } -RRB- 34457 408 30 + + CC 34457 408 31 0CaO 0cao CD 34457 408 32 CaO CaO NNP 34457 408 33 = = SYM 34457 408 34 CaO CaO NNP 34457 408 35 + + SYM 34457 408 36 0CaCO_{3 0CaCO_{3 NFP 34457 408 37 } } -RRB- 34457 408 38 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 408 39 } } -RRB- 34457 408 40 = = SYM 34457 408 41 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 408 42 } } -RRB- 34457 408 43 - - : 34457 408 44 CaO cao NN 34457 408 45 As as IN 34457 408 46 we -PRON- PRP 34457 408 47 see see VBP 34457 408 48 , , , 34457 408 49 then then RB 34457 408 50 , , , 34457 408 51 both both CC 34457 408 52 zero zero CD 34457 408 53 and and CC 34457 408 54 negative negative JJ 34457 408 55 quantities quantity NNS 34457 408 56 of of IN 34457 408 57 the the DT 34457 408 58 components component NNS 34457 408 59 have have VBP 34457 408 60 been be VBN 34457 408 61 introduced introduce VBN 34457 408 62 ; ; : 34457 408 63 and and CC 34457 408 64 similar similar JJ 34457 408 65 expressions expression NNS 34457 408 66 would would MD 34457 408 67 be be VB 34457 408 68 obtained obtain VBN 34457 408 69 if if IN 34457 408 70 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 408 71 } } -RRB- 34457 408 72 and and CC 34457 408 73 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 408 74 } } -RRB- 34457 408 75 were be VBD 34457 408 76 chosen choose VBN 34457 408 77 as as IN 34457 408 78 components component NNS 34457 408 79 . . . 34457 409 1 The the DT 34457 409 2 matter matter NN 34457 409 3 can can MD 34457 409 4 , , , 34457 409 5 however however RB 34457 409 6 , , , 34457 409 7 be be VB 34457 409 8 simplified simplify VBN 34457 409 9 and and CC 34457 409 10 the the DT 34457 409 11 use use NN 34457 409 12 of of IN 34457 409 13 negative negative JJ 34457 409 14 quantities quantity NNS 34457 409 15 avoided avoid VBN 34457 409 16 if if IN 34457 409 17 CaO CaO NNP 34457 409 18 and and CC 34457 409 19 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 409 20 } } -RRB- 34457 409 21 are be VBP 34457 409 22 chosen choose VBN 34457 409 23 ; ; : 34457 409 24 and and CC 34457 409 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 409 26 is be VBZ 34457 409 27 , , , 34457 409 28 therefore therefore RB 34457 409 29 , , , 34457 409 30 customary customary NN 34457 409 31 to to TO 34457 409 32 select select VB 34457 409 33 these these DT 34457 409 34 as as IN 34457 409 35 the the DT 34457 409 36 components component NNS 34457 409 37 . . . 34457 410 1 While while IN 34457 410 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 410 3 is be VBZ 34457 410 4 possible possible JJ 34457 410 5 in in IN 34457 410 6 the the DT 34457 410 7 case case NN 34457 410 8 of of IN 34457 410 9 systems system NNS 34457 410 10 of of IN 34457 410 11 the the DT 34457 410 12 second second JJ 34457 410 13 order order NN 34457 410 14 to to TO 34457 410 15 choose choose VB 34457 410 16 the the DT 34457 410 17 two two CD 34457 410 18 components component NNS 34457 410 19 in in IN 34457 410 20 such such PDT 34457 410 21 a a DT 34457 410 22 way way NN 34457 410 23 that that WDT 34457 410 24 the the DT 34457 410 25 composition composition NN 34457 410 26 of of IN 34457 410 27 each each DT 34457 410 28 phase phase NN 34457 410 29 can can MD 34457 410 30 be be VB 34457 410 31 expressed express VBN 34457 410 32 by by IN 34457 410 33 positive positive JJ 34457 410 34 quantities quantity NNS 34457 410 35 of of IN 34457 410 36 these these DT 34457 410 37 , , , 34457 410 38 such such PDT 34457 410 39 a a DT 34457 410 40 choice choice NN 34457 410 41 is be VBZ 34457 410 42 not not RB 34457 410 43 always always RB 34457 410 44 possible possible JJ 34457 410 45 when when WRB 34457 410 46 dealing deal VBG 34457 410 47 with with IN 34457 410 48 systems system NNS 34457 410 49 of of IN 34457 410 50 a a DT 34457 410 51 higher high JJR 34457 410 52 order order NN 34457 410 53 ( ( -LRB- 34457 410 54 containing contain VBG 34457 410 55 three three CD 34457 410 56 or or CC 34457 410 57 four four CD 34457 410 58 components component NNS 34457 410 59 ) ) -RRB- 34457 410 60 . . . 34457 411 1 From from IN 34457 411 2 the the DT 34457 411 3 example example NN 34457 411 4 which which WDT 34457 411 5 has have VBZ 34457 411 6 just just RB 34457 411 7 been be VBN 34457 411 8 discussed discuss VBN 34457 411 9 , , , 34457 411 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 411 11 might may MD 34457 411 12 { { -LRB- 34457 411 13 13 13 CD 34457 411 14 } } -RRB- 34457 411 15 appear appear VBP 34457 411 16 as as IN 34457 411 17 if if IN 34457 411 18 the the DT 34457 411 19 choice choice NN 34457 411 20 of of IN 34457 411 21 the the DT 34457 411 22 components component NNS 34457 411 23 was be VBD 34457 411 24 rather rather RB 34457 411 25 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 34457 411 26 . . . 34457 412 1 On on IN 34457 412 2 examining examine VBG 34457 412 3 the the DT 34457 412 4 point point NN 34457 412 5 , , , 34457 412 6 however however RB 34457 412 7 , , , 34457 412 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 412 9 will will MD 34457 412 10 be be VB 34457 412 11 seen see VBN 34457 412 12 that that IN 34457 412 13 the the DT 34457 412 14 arbitrariness arbitrariness NN 34457 412 15 affects affect VBZ 34457 412 16 only only RB 34457 412 17 the the DT 34457 412 18 _ _ NNP 34457 412 19 nature nature NN 34457 412 20 _ _ NNP 34457 412 21 , , , 34457 412 22 not not RB 34457 412 23 the the DT 34457 412 24 _ _ NNP 34457 412 25 number number NN 34457 412 26 _ _ NNP 34457 412 27 , , , 34457 412 28 of of IN 34457 412 29 the the DT 34457 412 30 components component NNS 34457 412 31 ; ; : 34457 412 32 a a DT 34457 412 33 choice choice NN 34457 412 34 could could MD 34457 412 35 be be VB 34457 412 36 made make VBN 34457 412 37 with with IN 34457 412 38 respect respect NN 34457 412 39 to to IN 34457 412 40 which which WDT 34457 412 41 , , , 34457 412 42 not not RB 34457 412 43 to to IN 34457 412 44 how how WRB 34457 412 45 many many JJ 34457 412 46 , , , 34457 412 47 constituents constituent NNS 34457 412 48 were be VBD 34457 412 49 to to TO 34457 412 50 be be VB 34457 412 51 regarded regard VBN 34457 412 52 as as IN 34457 412 53 components component NNS 34457 412 54 . . . 34457 413 1 As as IN 34457 413 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 413 3 shall shall MD 34457 413 4 see see VB 34457 413 5 presently presently RB 34457 413 6 , , , 34457 413 7 however however RB 34457 413 8 , , , 34457 413 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 413 10 is be VBZ 34457 413 11 only only RB 34457 413 12 the the DT 34457 413 13 number number NN 34457 413 14 , , , 34457 413 15 not not RB 34457 413 16 the the DT 34457 413 17 nature nature NN 34457 413 18 of of IN 34457 413 19 the the DT 34457 413 20 components component NNS 34457 413 21 that that WDT 34457 413 22 is be VBZ 34457 413 23 of of IN 34457 413 24 importance importance NN 34457 413 25 . . . 34457 414 1 After after IN 34457 414 2 the the DT 34457 414 3 discussion discussion NN 34457 414 4 of of IN 34457 414 5 the the DT 34457 414 6 conditions condition NNS 34457 414 7 which which WDT 34457 414 8 the the DT 34457 414 9 substances substance NNS 34457 414 10 chosen choose VBN 34457 414 11 as as IN 34457 414 12 components component NNS 34457 414 13 must must MD 34457 414 14 satisfy satisfy VB 34457 414 15 , , , 34457 414 16 another another DT 34457 414 17 method method NN 34457 414 18 may may MD 34457 414 19 be be VB 34457 414 20 given give VBN 34457 414 21 by by IN 34457 414 22 which which WDT 34457 414 23 the the DT 34457 414 24 number number NN 34457 414 25 of of IN 34457 414 26 components component NNS 34457 414 27 present present JJ 34457 414 28 in in IN 34457 414 29 a a DT 34457 414 30 system system NN 34457 414 31 can can MD 34457 414 32 be be VB 34457 414 33 determined determine VBN 34457 414 34 . . . 34457 415 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 415 2 a a DT 34457 415 3 system system NN 34457 415 4 consisting consist VBG 34457 415 5 of of IN 34457 415 6 several several JJ 34457 415 7 phases phase NNS 34457 415 8 in in IN 34457 415 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 415 10 , , , 34457 415 11 and and CC 34457 415 12 the the DT 34457 415 13 composition composition NN 34457 415 14 of of IN 34457 415 15 each each DT 34457 415 16 phase phase NN 34457 415 17 determined determine VBN 34457 415 18 by by IN 34457 415 19 analysis analysis NN 34457 415 20 . . . 34457 416 1 If if IN 34457 416 2 each each DT 34457 416 3 phase phase NN 34457 416 4 present present JJ 34457 416 5 , , , 34457 416 6 regarded regard VBN 34457 416 7 as as IN 34457 416 8 a a DT 34457 416 9 whole whole NN 34457 416 10 , , , 34457 416 11 has have VBZ 34457 416 12 the the DT 34457 416 13 same same JJ 34457 416 14 composition composition NN 34457 416 15 , , , 34457 416 16 the the DT 34457 416 17 system system NN 34457 416 18 contains contain VBZ 34457 416 19 only only RB 34457 416 20 one one CD 34457 416 21 component component NN 34457 416 22 , , , 34457 416 23 or or CC 34457 416 24 is be VBZ 34457 416 25 of of IN 34457 416 26 the the DT 34457 416 27 first first JJ 34457 416 28 order order NN 34457 416 29 . . . 34457 417 1 If if IN 34457 417 2 two two CD 34457 417 3 phases phase NNS 34457 417 4 must must MD 34457 417 5 be be VB 34457 417 6 mixed mix VBN 34457 417 7 in in IN 34457 417 8 suitable suitable JJ 34457 417 9 quantities quantity NNS 34457 417 10 in in IN 34457 417 11 order order NN 34457 417 12 that that IN 34457 417 13 the the DT 34457 417 14 composition composition NN 34457 417 15 of of IN 34457 417 16 a a DT 34457 417 17 third third JJ 34457 417 18 phase phase NN 34457 417 19 may may MD 34457 417 20 be be VB 34457 417 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 417 22 , , , 34457 417 23 the the DT 34457 417 24 system system NN 34457 417 25 is be VBZ 34457 417 26 one one CD 34457 417 27 of of IN 34457 417 28 two two CD 34457 417 29 components component NNS 34457 417 30 or or CC 34457 417 31 of of IN 34457 417 32 the the DT 34457 417 33 second second JJ 34457 417 34 order order NN 34457 417 35 ; ; : 34457 417 36 and and CC 34457 417 37 if if IN 34457 417 38 three three CD 34457 417 39 phases phase NNS 34457 417 40 are be VBP 34457 417 41 necessary necessary JJ 34457 417 42 to to TO 34457 417 43 give give VB 34457 417 44 the the DT 34457 417 45 composition composition NN 34457 417 46 of of IN 34457 417 47 a a DT 34457 417 48 fourth fourth JJ 34457 417 49 coexisting coexisting NN 34457 417 50 phase phase NN 34457 417 51 , , , 34457 417 52 the the DT 34457 417 53 system system NN 34457 417 54 is be VBZ 34457 417 55 one one CD 34457 417 56 of of IN 34457 417 57 three three CD 34457 417 58 components component NNS 34457 417 59 , , , 34457 417 60 or or CC 34457 417 61 of of IN 34457 417 62 the the DT 34457 417 63 third third JJ 34457 417 64 order order NN 34457 417 65 . . . 34457 418 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 418 2 16 16 CD 34457 418 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 418 4 Although although IN 34457 418 5 the the DT 34457 418 6 examples example NNS 34457 418 7 to to TO 34457 418 8 be be VB 34457 418 9 considered consider VBN 34457 418 10 in in IN 34457 418 11 the the DT 34457 418 12 sequel sequel NN 34457 418 13 will will MD 34457 418 14 afford afford VB 34457 418 15 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 418 16 illustration illustration NN 34457 418 17 of of IN 34457 418 18 the the DT 34457 418 19 application application NN 34457 418 20 of of IN 34457 418 21 the the DT 34457 418 22 rules rule NNS 34457 418 23 given give VBN 34457 418 24 above above RB 34457 418 25 , , , 34457 418 26 one one CD 34457 418 27 case case NN 34457 418 28 may may MD 34457 418 29 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 418 30 be be VB 34457 418 31 discussed discuss VBN 34457 418 32 to to TO 34457 418 33 show show VB 34457 418 34 the the DT 34457 418 35 application application NN 34457 418 36 of of IN 34457 418 37 the the DT 34457 418 38 method method NN 34457 418 39 just just RB 34457 418 40 given give VBN 34457 418 41 for for IN 34457 418 42 determining determine VBG 34457 418 43 the the DT 34457 418 44 number number NN 34457 418 45 of of IN 34457 418 46 components component NNS 34457 418 47 . . . 34457 419 1 Consider consider VB 34457 419 2 the the DT 34457 419 3 system system NN 34457 419 4 consisting consist VBG 34457 419 5 of of IN 34457 419 6 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 419 7 's 's POS 34457 419 8 salt salt NN 34457 419 9 in in IN 34457 419 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 419 11 with with IN 34457 419 12 solution solution NN 34457 419 13 and and CC 34457 419 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 419 15 . . . 34457 420 1 If if IN 34457 420 2 these these DT 34457 420 3 three three CD 34457 420 4 phases phase NNS 34457 420 5 are be VBP 34457 420 6 analyzed analyze VBN 34457 420 7 , , , 34457 420 8 the the DT 34457 420 9 composition composition NN 34457 420 10 of of IN 34457 420 11 the the DT 34457 420 12 solid solid JJ 34457 420 13 will will MD 34457 420 14 be be VB 34457 420 15 expressed express VBN 34457 420 16 by by IN 34457 420 17 Na_{2}SO_{4 na_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 420 18 } } -RRB- 34457 420 19 , , , 34457 420 20 10H_{2}O 10H_{2}O VBZ 34457 420 21 ; ; : 34457 420 22 that that DT 34457 420 23 of of IN 34457 420 24 the the DT 34457 420 25 solution solution NN 34457 420 26 by by IN 34457 420 27 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 420 28 } } -RRB- 34457 420 29 + + CC 34457 420 30 _ _ NNP 34457 420 31 x_H_{2}O x_H_{2}O NNP 34457 420 32 , , , 34457 420 33 while while IN 34457 420 34 the the DT 34457 420 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 420 36 phase phase NN 34457 420 37 will will MD 34457 420 38 be be VB 34457 420 39 H_{2}O. H_{2}O. NNP 34457 421 1 The the DT 34457 421 2 system system NN 34457 421 3 evidently evidently RB 34457 421 4 can can MD 34457 421 5 not not RB 34457 421 6 be be VB 34457 421 7 a a DT 34457 421 8 one one CD 34457 421 9 - - HYPH 34457 421 10 component component NN 34457 421 11 system system NN 34457 421 12 , , , 34457 421 13 for for IN 34457 421 14 the the DT 34457 421 15 phases phase NNS 34457 421 16 have have VBP 34457 421 17 not not RB 34457 421 18 all all PDT 34457 421 19 the the DT 34457 421 20 same same JJ 34457 421 21 composition composition NN 34457 421 22 . . . 34457 422 1 By by IN 34457 422 2 varying vary VBG 34457 422 3 the the DT 34457 422 4 amounts amount NNS 34457 422 5 of of IN 34457 422 6 two two CD 34457 422 7 phases phase NNS 34457 422 8 , , , 34457 422 9 however however RB 34457 422 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 422 11 _ _ NNP 34457 422 12 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 422 13 _ _ NNP 34457 422 14 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 422 15 } } -RRB- 34457 422 16 , , , 34457 422 17 10H_{2}O 10h_{2}o JJ 34457 422 18 and and CC 34457 422 19 H_{2}O H_{2}O NNP 34457 422 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 422 21 , , , 34457 422 22 the the DT 34457 422 23 composition composition NN 34457 422 24 of of IN 34457 422 25 the the DT 34457 422 26 third third JJ 34457 422 27 phase phase NN 34457 422 28 -- -- : 34457 422 29 the the DT 34457 422 30 solution solution NN 34457 422 31 -- -- : 34457 422 32 can can MD 34457 422 33 be be VB 34457 422 34 obtained obtain VBN 34457 422 35 . . . 34457 423 1 The the DT 34457 423 2 system system NN 34457 423 3 is be VBZ 34457 423 4 , , , 34457 423 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 423 6 , , , 34457 423 7 one one CD 34457 423 8 of of IN 34457 423 9 _ _ NNP 34457 423 10 two two CD 34457 423 11 components component NNS 34457 423 12 _ _ NNP 34457 423 13 . . . 34457 424 1 But but CC 34457 424 2 sodium sodium NN 34457 424 3 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 424 4 can can MD 34457 424 5 also also RB 34457 424 6 exist exist VB 34457 424 7 in in IN 34457 424 8 the the DT 34457 424 9 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 424 10 form form NN 34457 424 11 and and CC 34457 424 12 as as IN 34457 424 13 the the DT 34457 424 14 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 424 15 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 424 16 } } -RRB- 34457 424 17 , , , 34457 424 18 7H_{2}O. 7h_{2}o. CD 34457 425 1 In in IN 34457 425 2 these these DT 34457 425 3 cases case NNS 34457 425 4 there there RB 34457 425 5 may may MD 34457 425 6 { { -LRB- 34457 425 7 14 14 CD 34457 425 8 } } -RRB- 34457 425 9 be be VB 34457 425 10 chosen choose VBN 34457 425 11 as as IN 34457 425 12 components component NNS 34457 425 13 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 425 14 } } -RRB- 34457 425 15 and and CC 34457 425 16 H_{2}O h_{2}o NN 34457 425 17 , , , 34457 425 18 and and CC 34457 425 19 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 425 20 } } -RRB- 34457 425 21 , , , 34457 425 22 7H_{2}O 7h_{2}o CD 34457 425 23 and and CC 34457 425 24 H_{2}O H_{2}O NNP 34457 425 25 respectively respectively RB 34457 425 26 . . . 34457 426 1 In in IN 34457 426 2 both both DT 34457 426 3 cases case NNS 34457 426 4 , , , 34457 426 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 426 6 , , , 34457 426 7 there there EX 34457 426 8 are be VBP 34457 426 9 two two CD 34457 426 10 components component NNS 34457 426 11 . . . 34457 427 1 But but CC 34457 427 2 the the DT 34457 427 3 two two CD 34457 427 4 systems system NNS 34457 427 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 427 6 Na_{2}SO_{4 na_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 427 7 } } -RRB- 34457 427 8 , , , 34457 427 9 10H_{2}O 10h_{2}o JJ 34457 427 10 -- -- : 34457 427 11 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 427 12 , , , 34457 427 13 and and CC 34457 427 14 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 427 15 } } -RRB- 34457 427 16 , , , 34457 427 17 7H_{2}O 7h_{2}o CD 34457 427 18 -- -- : 34457 427 19 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 427 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 427 21 can can MD 34457 427 22 be be VB 34457 427 23 regarded regard VBN 34457 427 24 as as IN 34457 427 25 special special JJ 34457 427 26 cases case NNS 34457 427 27 of of IN 34457 427 28 the the DT 34457 427 29 system system NN 34457 427 30 Na_{2}SO_{4}--H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4}--H_{2}O NNP 34457 427 31 , , , 34457 427 32 and and CC 34457 427 33 these these DT 34457 427 34 two two CD 34457 427 35 components component NNS 34457 427 36 will will MD 34457 427 37 apply apply VB 34457 427 38 to to IN 34457 427 39 all all DT 34457 427 40 systems system NNS 34457 427 41 made make VBN 34457 427 42 up up RP 34457 427 43 of of IN 34457 427 44 sodium sodium NN 34457 427 45 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 427 46 and and CC 34457 427 47 water water NN 34457 427 48 , , , 34457 427 49 no no RB 34457 427 50 matter matter RB 34457 427 51 whether whether IN 34457 427 52 the the DT 34457 427 53 solid solid JJ 34457 427 54 phase phase NN 34457 427 55 is be VBZ 34457 427 56 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 427 57 salt salt NN 34457 427 58 or or CC 34457 427 59 one one CD 34457 427 60 of of IN 34457 427 61 the the DT 34457 427 62 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 427 63 . . . 34457 428 1 In in IN 34457 428 2 all all DT 34457 428 3 three three CD 34457 428 4 cases case NNS 34457 428 5 , , , 34457 428 6 of of IN 34457 428 7 course course NN 34457 428 8 , , , 34457 428 9 the the DT 34457 428 10 _ _ NNP 34457 428 11 number number NN 34457 428 12 _ _ NNP 34457 428 13 of of IN 34457 428 14 components component NNS 34457 428 15 is be VBZ 34457 428 16 the the DT 34457 428 17 same same JJ 34457 428 18 ; ; : 34457 428 19 but but CC 34457 428 20 by by IN 34457 428 21 choosing choose VBG 34457 428 22 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 428 23 } } -RRB- 34457 428 24 and and CC 34457 428 25 H_{2}O h_{2}o NN 34457 428 26 as as IN 34457 428 27 components component NNS 34457 428 28 , , , 34457 428 29 the the DT 34457 428 30 possible possible JJ 34457 428 31 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 428 32 of of IN 34457 428 33 negative negative JJ 34457 428 34 quantities quantity NNS 34457 428 35 of of IN 34457 428 36 components component NNS 34457 428 37 in in IN 34457 428 38 expressing express VBG 34457 428 39 the the DT 34457 428 40 composition composition NN 34457 428 41 of of IN 34457 428 42 the the DT 34457 428 43 phases phase NNS 34457 428 44 is be VBZ 34457 428 45 avoided avoid VBN 34457 428 46 ; ; : 34457 428 47 and and CC 34457 428 48 , , , 34457 428 49 further far RBR 34457 428 50 , , , 34457 428 51 these these DT 34457 428 52 components component NNS 34457 428 53 apply apply VBP 34457 428 54 over over IN 34457 428 55 a a DT 34457 428 56 much much RB 34457 428 57 larger large JJR 34457 428 58 range range NN 34457 428 59 of of IN 34457 428 60 experimental experimental JJ 34457 428 61 conditions condition NNS 34457 428 62 . . . 34457 429 1 Again again RB 34457 429 2 , , , 34457 429 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 429 4 , , , 34457 429 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 429 6 see see VBP 34457 429 7 that that IN 34457 429 8 , , , 34457 429 9 although although IN 34457 429 10 the the DT 34457 429 11 number number NN 34457 429 12 of of IN 34457 429 13 the the DT 34457 429 14 components component NNS 34457 429 15 of of IN 34457 429 16 a a DT 34457 429 17 system system NN 34457 429 18 is be VBZ 34457 429 19 definite definite JJ 34457 429 20 , , , 34457 429 21 a a DT 34457 429 22 certain certain JJ 34457 429 23 amount amount NN 34457 429 24 of of IN 34457 429 25 liberty liberty NN 34457 429 26 is be VBZ 34457 429 27 allowed allow VBN 34457 429 28 in in IN 34457 429 29 the the DT 34457 429 30 choice choice NN 34457 429 31 of of IN 34457 429 32 the the DT 34457 429 33 substances substance NNS 34457 429 34 ; ; : 34457 429 35 and and CC 34457 429 36 we -PRON- PRP 34457 429 37 also also RB 34457 429 38 see see VBP 34457 429 39 that that IN 34457 429 40 the the DT 34457 429 41 choice choice NN 34457 429 42 will will MD 34457 429 43 be be VB 34457 429 44 influenced influence VBN 34457 429 45 by by IN 34457 429 46 the the DT 34457 429 47 conditions condition NNS 34457 429 48 of of IN 34457 429 49 experiment experiment NN 34457 429 50 . . . 34457 430 1 Summing sum VBG 34457 430 2 up up RP 34457 430 3 , , , 34457 430 4 now now RB 34457 430 5 , , , 34457 430 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 430 7 may may MD 34457 430 8 say-- say-- VB 34457 430 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 430 10 1 1 LS 34457 430 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 430 12 The the DT 34457 430 13 components component NNS 34457 430 14 are be VBP 34457 430 15 to to TO 34457 430 16 be be VB 34457 430 17 chosen choose VBN 34457 430 18 from from IN 34457 430 19 among among IN 34457 430 20 the the DT 34457 430 21 constituents constituent NNS 34457 430 22 which which WDT 34457 430 23 are be VBP 34457 430 24 present present JJ 34457 430 25 when when WRB 34457 430 26 the the DT 34457 430 27 system system NN 34457 430 28 is be VBZ 34457 430 29 in in IN 34457 430 30 a a DT 34457 430 31 state state NN 34457 430 32 of of IN 34457 430 33 true true JJ 34457 430 34 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 430 35 , , , 34457 430 36 and and CC 34457 430 37 which which WDT 34457 430 38 take take VBP 34457 430 39 part part NN 34457 430 40 in in IN 34457 430 41 that that DT 34457 430 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 430 43 . . . 34457 431 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 431 2 2 2 LS 34457 431 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 431 4 As as IN 34457 431 5 components component NNS 34457 431 6 are be VBP 34457 431 7 to to TO 34457 431 8 be be VB 34457 431 9 chosen choose VBN 34457 431 10 the the DT 34457 431 11 _ _ NNP 34457 431 12 smallest small JJS 34457 431 13 number number NN 34457 431 14 _ _ NNP 34457 431 15 of of IN 34457 431 16 such such JJ 34457 431 17 constituents constituent NNS 34457 431 18 necessary necessary JJ 34457 431 19 to to TO 34457 431 20 express express VB 34457 431 21 the the DT 34457 431 22 composition composition NN 34457 431 23 of of IN 34457 431 24 each each DT 34457 431 25 phase phase NN 34457 431 26 participating participate VBG 34457 431 27 in in IN 34457 431 28 the the DT 34457 431 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 431 30 , , , 34457 431 31 zero zero CD 34457 431 32 and and CC 34457 431 33 negative negative JJ 34457 431 34 quantities quantity NNS 34457 431 35 of of IN 34457 431 36 the the DT 34457 431 37 components component NNS 34457 431 38 being be VBG 34457 431 39 permissible permissible JJ 34457 431 40 . . . 34457 432 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 432 2 3 3 LS 34457 432 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 432 4 In in IN 34457 432 5 any any DT 34457 432 6 given give VBN 34457 432 7 system system NN 34457 432 8 the the DT 34457 432 9 _ _ NNP 34457 432 10 number number NN 34457 432 11 _ _ NNP 34457 432 12 of of IN 34457 432 13 the the DT 34457 432 14 components component NNS 34457 432 15 is be VBZ 34457 432 16 definite definite JJ 34457 432 17 , , , 34457 432 18 but but CC 34457 432 19 may may MD 34457 432 20 alter alter VB 34457 432 21 with with IN 34457 432 22 alteration alteration NN 34457 432 23 of of IN 34457 432 24 the the DT 34457 432 25 conditions condition NNS 34457 432 26 of of IN 34457 432 27 experiment experiment NN 34457 432 28 . . . 34457 433 1 A a DT 34457 433 2 certain certain JJ 34457 433 3 freedom freedom NN 34457 433 4 of of IN 34457 433 5 choice choice NN 34457 433 6 , , , 34457 433 7 however however RB 34457 433 8 , , , 34457 433 9 is be VBZ 34457 433 10 allowed allow VBN 34457 433 11 in in IN 34457 433 12 the the DT 34457 433 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 433 14 qualitative qualitative JJ 34457 433 15 , , , 34457 433 16 not not RB 34457 433 17 quantitative quantitative JJ 34457 433 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 433 19 selection selection NN 34457 433 20 of of IN 34457 433 21 the the DT 34457 433 22 components component NNS 34457 433 23 , , , 34457 433 24 the the DT 34457 433 25 choice choice NN 34457 433 26 being be VBG 34457 433 27 influenced influence VBN 34457 433 28 by by IN 34457 433 29 considerations consideration NNS 34457 433 30 of of IN 34457 433 31 simplicity simplicity NN 34457 433 32 , , , 34457 433 33 suitability suitability NN 34457 433 34 , , , 34457 433 35 or or CC 34457 433 36 generality generality NN 34457 433 37 of of IN 34457 433 38 application application NN 34457 433 39 . . . 34457 434 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 434 2 17 17 CD 34457 434 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 434 4 Degree Degree NNP 34457 434 5 of of IN 34457 434 6 Freedom Freedom NNP 34457 434 7 . . . 34457 435 1 Variability Variability NNP 34457 435 2 of of IN 34457 435 3 a a DT 34457 435 4 System.--It system.--it NN 34457 435 5 is be VBZ 34457 435 6 well well RB 34457 435 7 known know VBN 34457 435 8 that that IN 34457 435 9 in in IN 34457 435 10 dealing deal VBG 34457 435 11 with with IN 34457 435 12 a a DT 34457 435 13 certain certain JJ 34457 435 14 mass mass NN 34457 435 15 of of IN 34457 435 16 gas gas NN 34457 435 17 or or CC 34457 435 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 435 19 , , , 34457 435 20 _ _ NNP 34457 435 21 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 435 22 _ _ NNP 34457 435 23 water water NN 34457 435 24 vapour vapour NN 34457 435 25 , , , 34457 435 26 if if IN 34457 435 27 only only RB 34457 435 28 one one CD 34457 435 29 of of IN 34457 435 30 the the DT 34457 435 31 independently independently RB 34457 435 32 variable variable JJ 34457 435 33 factors factor NNS 34457 435 34 -- -- : 34457 435 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 435 36 , , , 34457 435 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 435 38 , , , 34457 435 39 and and CC 34457 435 40 concentration concentration NN 34457 435 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 435 42 or or CC 34457 435 43 volume)--is volume)--is NNP 34457 435 44 fixed fix VBN 34457 435 45 , , , 34457 435 46 the the DT 34457 435 47 state state NN 34457 435 48 of of IN 34457 435 49 the the DT 34457 435 50 gas gas NN 34457 435 51 or or CC 34457 435 52 vapour vapour NN 34457 435 53 is be VBZ 34457 435 54 undefined undefined JJ 34457 435 55 ; ; : 34457 435 56 while while IN 34457 435 57 occupying occupy VBG 34457 435 58 the the DT 34457 435 59 same same JJ 34457 435 60 volume volume NN 34457 435 61 ( ( -LRB- 34457 435 62 the the DT 34457 435 63 concentration concentration NN 34457 435 64 , , , 34457 435 65 therefore therefore RB 34457 435 66 , , , 34457 435 67 remaining remain VBG 34457 435 68 { { -LRB- 34457 435 69 15 15 CD 34457 435 70 } } -RRB- 34457 435 71 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 435 72 ) ) -RRB- 34457 435 73 , , , 34457 435 74 the the DT 34457 435 75 temperature temperature NN 34457 435 76 and and CC 34457 435 77 the the DT 34457 435 78 pressure pressure NN 34457 435 79 may may MD 34457 435 80 be be VB 34457 435 81 altered alter VBN 34457 435 82 ; ; : 34457 435 83 at at IN 34457 435 84 a a DT 34457 435 85 given give VBN 34457 435 86 temperature temperature NN 34457 435 87 , , , 34457 435 88 a a DT 34457 435 89 gas gas NN 34457 435 90 can can MD 34457 435 91 exist exist VB 34457 435 92 under under IN 34457 435 93 different different JJ 34457 435 94 pressures pressure NNS 34457 435 95 and and CC 34457 435 96 occupy occupy VBP 34457 435 97 different different JJ 34457 435 98 volumes volume NNS 34457 435 99 , , , 34457 435 100 and and CC 34457 435 101 under under IN 34457 435 102 any any DT 34457 435 103 given give VBN 34457 435 104 pressure pressure NN 34457 435 105 the the DT 34457 435 106 temperature temperature NN 34457 435 107 and and CC 34457 435 108 volume volume NN 34457 435 109 may may MD 34457 435 110 vary vary VB 34457 435 111 . . . 34457 436 1 If if IN 34457 436 2 , , , 34457 436 3 however however RB 34457 436 4 , , , 34457 436 5 two two CD 34457 436 6 of of IN 34457 436 7 the the DT 34457 436 8 factors factor NNS 34457 436 9 are be VBP 34457 436 10 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 436 11 fixed fix VBN 34457 436 12 , , , 34457 436 13 then then RB 34457 436 14 the the DT 34457 436 15 third third JJ 34457 436 16 factor factor NN 34457 436 17 can can MD 34457 436 18 only only RB 34457 436 19 have have VB 34457 436 20 a a DT 34457 436 21 certain certain JJ 34457 436 22 definite definite JJ 34457 436 23 value value NN 34457 436 24 ; ; : 34457 436 25 at at IN 34457 436 26 any any DT 34457 436 27 given give VBN 34457 436 28 values value NNS 34457 436 29 of of IN 34457 436 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 436 31 and and CC 34457 436 32 pressure pressure VB 34457 436 33 a a DT 34457 436 34 given give VBN 34457 436 35 mass mass NN 34457 436 36 of of IN 34457 436 37 gas gas NN 34457 436 38 can can MD 34457 436 39 occupy occupy VB 34457 436 40 only only RB 34457 436 41 a a DT 34457 436 42 definite definite JJ 34457 436 43 volume volume NN 34457 436 44 . . . 34457 437 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 437 2 , , , 34457 437 3 however however RB 34457 437 4 , , , 34457 437 5 that that IN 34457 437 6 the the DT 34457 437 7 system system NN 34457 437 8 consists consist VBZ 34457 437 9 of of IN 34457 437 10 water water NN 34457 437 11 in in IN 34457 437 12 contact contact NN 34457 437 13 with with IN 34457 437 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 437 15 . . . 34457 438 1 The the DT 34457 438 2 condition condition NN 34457 438 3 of of IN 34457 438 4 the the DT 34457 438 5 system system NN 34457 438 6 then then RB 34457 438 7 becomes become VBZ 34457 438 8 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 438 9 defined define VBN 34457 438 10 on on IN 34457 438 11 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 438 12 giving give VBG 34457 438 13 one one CD 34457 438 14 of of IN 34457 438 15 the the DT 34457 438 16 variables variable NNS 34457 438 17 a a DT 34457 438 18 certain certain JJ 34457 438 19 value value NN 34457 438 20 . . . 34457 439 1 If if IN 34457 439 2 the the DT 34457 439 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 439 4 is be VBZ 34457 439 5 fixed fix VBN 34457 439 6 , , , 34457 439 7 the the DT 34457 439 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 439 9 under under IN 34457 439 10 which which WDT 34457 439 11 water water NN 34457 439 12 and and CC 34457 439 13 water water NN 34457 439 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 439 15 can can MD 34457 439 16 coexist coexist VB 34457 439 17 is be VBZ 34457 439 18 also also RB 34457 439 19 determined determine VBN 34457 439 20 ; ; : 34457 439 21 and and CC 34457 439 22 conversely conversely RB 34457 439 23 , , , 34457 439 24 if if IN 34457 439 25 a a DT 34457 439 26 definite definite JJ 34457 439 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 439 28 is be VBZ 34457 439 29 chosen choose VBN 34457 439 30 , , , 34457 439 31 the the DT 34457 439 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 439 33 is be VBZ 34457 439 34 also also RB 34457 439 35 defined define VBN 34457 439 36 . . . 34457 440 1 Water water NN 34457 440 2 and and CC 34457 440 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 440 4 can can MD 34457 440 5 coexist coexist VB 34457 440 6 under under IN 34457 440 7 a a DT 34457 440 8 given give VBN 34457 440 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 440 10 only only RB 34457 440 11 at at IN 34457 440 12 a a DT 34457 440 13 definite definite JJ 34457 440 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 440 15 . . . 34457 441 1 Finally finally RB 34457 441 2 , , , 34457 441 3 let let VB 34457 441 4 the the DT 34457 441 5 water water NN 34457 441 6 and and CC 34457 441 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 441 8 be be VB 34457 441 9 cooled cool VBN 34457 441 10 down down RP 34457 441 11 until until IN 34457 441 12 ice ice NN 34457 441 13 begins begin VBZ 34457 441 14 to to TO 34457 441 15 separate separate VB 34457 441 16 out out RP 34457 441 17 . . . 34457 442 1 So so RB 34457 442 2 soon soon RB 34457 442 3 as as IN 34457 442 4 the the DT 34457 442 5 third third JJ 34457 442 6 phase phase NN 34457 442 7 , , , 34457 442 8 ice ice NN 34457 442 9 , , , 34457 442 10 appears appear VBZ 34457 442 11 , , , 34457 442 12 the the DT 34457 442 13 state state NN 34457 442 14 of of IN 34457 442 15 the the DT 34457 442 16 system system NN 34457 442 17 as as IN 34457 442 18 regards regard VBZ 34457 442 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 442 20 and and CC 34457 442 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 442 22 of of IN 34457 442 23 the the DT 34457 442 24 vapour vapour NN 34457 442 25 is be VBZ 34457 442 26 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 442 27 defined define VBN 34457 442 28 , , , 34457 442 29 and and CC 34457 442 30 none none NN 34457 442 31 of of IN 34457 442 32 the the DT 34457 442 33 variables variable NNS 34457 442 34 can can MD 34457 442 35 be be VB 34457 442 36 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 442 37 changed change VBN 34457 442 38 without without IN 34457 442 39 causing cause VBG 34457 442 40 the the DT 34457 442 41 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 442 42 of of IN 34457 442 43 one one CD 34457 442 44 of of IN 34457 442 45 the the DT 34457 442 46 phases phase NNS 34457 442 47 , , , 34457 442 48 ice ice NN 34457 442 49 , , , 34457 442 50 water water NN 34457 442 51 , , , 34457 442 52 or or CC 34457 442 53 vapour vapour NN 34457 442 54 . . . 34457 443 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 443 2 see see VBP 34457 443 3 , , , 34457 443 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 443 5 , , , 34457 443 6 that that IN 34457 443 7 in in IN 34457 443 8 the the DT 34457 443 9 case case NN 34457 443 10 of of IN 34457 443 11 some some DT 34457 443 12 systems system NNS 34457 443 13 two two CD 34457 443 14 , , , 34457 443 15 in in IN 34457 443 16 other other JJ 34457 443 17 cases case NNS 34457 443 18 , , , 34457 443 19 only only RB 34457 443 20 one one CD 34457 443 21 of of IN 34457 443 22 the the DT 34457 443 23 independent independent JJ 34457 443 24 variables variable NNS 34457 443 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 443 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 443 27 , , , 34457 443 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 443 29 , , , 34457 443 30 concentration concentration NN 34457 443 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 443 32 can can MD 34457 443 33 be be VB 34457 443 34 altered alter VBN 34457 443 35 without without IN 34457 443 36 destroying destroy VBG 34457 443 37 the the DT 34457 443 38 nature nature NN 34457 443 39 of of IN 34457 443 40 the the DT 34457 443 41 system system NN 34457 443 42 ; ; : 34457 443 43 while while IN 34457 443 44 in in IN 34457 443 45 other other JJ 34457 443 46 systems system NNS 34457 443 47 , , , 34457 443 48 again again RB 34457 443 49 , , , 34457 443 50 these these DT 34457 443 51 variables variable NNS 34457 443 52 have have VBP 34457 443 53 all all DT 34457 443 54 fixed fix VBN 34457 443 55 and and CC 34457 443 56 definite definite JJ 34457 443 57 values value NNS 34457 443 58 . . . 34457 444 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 444 2 shall shall MD 34457 444 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 444 4 define define VB 34457 444 5 the the DT 34457 444 6 number number NN 34457 444 7 of of IN 34457 444 8 degrees degree NNS 34457 444 9 of of IN 34457 444 10 freedom[18 freedom[18 NN 34457 444 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 444 12 of of IN 34457 444 13 a a DT 34457 444 14 system system NN 34457 444 15 as as IN 34457 444 16 the the DT 34457 444 17 _ _ NNP 34457 444 18 number number NN 34457 444 19 of of IN 34457 444 20 the the DT 34457 444 21 variable variable JJ 34457 444 22 factors factor NNS 34457 444 23 , , , 34457 444 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 444 25 , , , 34457 444 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 444 27 , , , 34457 444 28 and and CC 34457 444 29 concentration concentration NN 34457 444 30 of of IN 34457 444 31 the the DT 34457 444 32 components component NNS 34457 444 33 , , , 34457 444 34 which which WDT 34457 444 35 must must MD 34457 444 36 be be VB 34457 444 37 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 444 38 fixed fix VBN 34457 444 39 in in IN 34457 444 40 order order NN 34457 444 41 that that IN 34457 444 42 the the DT 34457 444 43 condition condition NN 34457 444 44 of of IN 34457 444 45 the the DT 34457 444 46 system system NN 34457 444 47 may may MD 34457 444 48 be be VB 34457 444 49 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 444 50 defined define VBN 34457 444 51 _ _ NNP 34457 444 52 . . . 34457 445 1 From from IN 34457 445 2 what what WP 34457 445 3 has have VBZ 34457 445 4 been be VBN 34457 445 5 said say VBN 34457 445 6 , , , 34457 445 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 445 8 , , , 34457 445 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 445 10 shall shall MD 34457 445 11 describe describe VB 34457 445 12 a a DT 34457 445 13 gas gas NN 34457 445 14 or or CC 34457 445 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 445 16 as as IN 34457 445 17 having have VBG 34457 445 18 two two CD 34457 445 19 degrees degree NNS 34457 445 20 of of IN 34457 445 21 freedom freedom NN 34457 445 22 ; ; : 34457 445 23 the the DT 34457 445 24 system system NN 34457 445 25 water water NN 34457 445 26 -- -- : 34457 445 27 vapour vapour RB 34457 445 28 as as IN 34457 445 29 having have VBG 34457 445 30 only only RB 34457 445 31 one one CD 34457 445 32 ; ; : 34457 445 33 and and CC 34457 445 34 the the DT 34457 445 35 system system NN 34457 445 36 ice ice NN 34457 445 37 -- -- : 34457 445 38 water water NN 34457 445 39 -- -- : 34457 445 40 vapour vapour RB 34457 445 41 as as IN 34457 445 42 having have VBG 34457 445 43 no no DT 34457 445 44 degrees degree NNS 34457 445 45 of of IN 34457 445 46 freedom freedom NN 34457 445 47 . . . 34457 446 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 446 2 may may MD 34457 446 3 also also RB 34457 446 4 speak speak VB 34457 446 5 of of IN 34457 446 6 the the DT 34457 446 7 { { -LRB- 34457 446 8 16 16 CD 34457 446 9 } } -RRB- 34457 446 10 _ _ NNP 34457 446 11 variability variability NN 34457 446 12 _ _ NNP 34457 446 13 or or CC 34457 446 14 _ _ NNP 34457 446 15 variance variance NN 34457 446 16 _ _ NNP 34457 446 17 of of IN 34457 446 18 a a DT 34457 446 19 system system NN 34457 446 20 , , , 34457 446 21 and and CC 34457 446 22 describe describe VB 34457 446 23 a a DT 34457 446 24 system system NN 34457 446 25 as as IN 34457 446 26 being be VBG 34457 446 27 invariant invariant JJ 34457 446 28 , , , 34457 446 29 univariant univariant JJ 34457 446 30 , , , 34457 446 31 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 446 32 , , , 34457 446 33 multivariant,[19 multivariant,[19 LS 34457 446 34 ] ] -RRB- 34457 446 35 according accord VBG 34457 446 36 as as IN 34457 446 37 the the DT 34457 446 38 number number NN 34457 446 39 of of IN 34457 446 40 degrees degree NNS 34457 446 41 of of IN 34457 446 42 freedom freedom NN 34457 446 43 is be VBZ 34457 446 44 nought nought NN 34457 446 45 , , , 34457 446 46 one one CD 34457 446 47 , , , 34457 446 48 two two CD 34457 446 49 , , , 34457 446 50 or or CC 34457 446 51 more more JJR 34457 446 52 than than IN 34457 446 53 two two CD 34457 446 54 . . . 34457 447 1 A a DT 34457 447 2 knowledge knowledge NN 34457 447 3 of of IN 34457 447 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 447 5 variability variability NN 34457 447 6 is be VBZ 34457 447 7 , , , 34457 447 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 447 9 , , , 34457 447 10 of of IN 34457 447 11 essential essential JJ 34457 447 12 importance importance NN 34457 447 13 in in IN 34457 447 14 studying study VBG 34457 447 15 the the DT 34457 447 16 condition condition NN 34457 447 17 and and CC 34457 447 18 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 447 19 of of IN 34457 447 20 a a DT 34457 447 21 system system NN 34457 447 22 , , , 34457 447 23 and and CC 34457 447 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 447 25 is be VBZ 34457 447 26 the the DT 34457 447 27 great great JJ 34457 447 28 merit merit NN 34457 447 29 of of IN 34457 447 30 the the DT 34457 447 31 Phase Phase NNP 34457 447 32 Rule Rule NNP 34457 447 33 that that IN 34457 447 34 _ _ NNP 34457 447 35 the the DT 34457 447 36 state state NN 34457 447 37 of of IN 34457 447 38 a a DT 34457 447 39 system system NN 34457 447 40 is be VBZ 34457 447 41 defined define VBN 34457 447 42 entirely entirely RB 34457 447 43 by by IN 34457 447 44 the the DT 34457 447 45 relation relation NN 34457 447 46 existing exist VBG 34457 447 47 between between IN 34457 447 48 the the DT 34457 447 49 number number NN 34457 447 50 of of IN 34457 447 51 the the DT 34457 447 52 components component NNS 34457 447 53 and and CC 34457 447 54 the the DT 34457 447 55 phases phase NNS 34457 447 56 present present JJ 34457 447 57 _ _ NNP 34457 447 58 , , , 34457 447 59 no no DT 34457 447 60 account account NN 34457 447 61 being be VBG 34457 447 62 taken take VBN 34457 447 63 of of IN 34457 447 64 the the DT 34457 447 65 molecular molecular JJ 34457 447 66 complexity complexity NN 34457 447 67 of of IN 34457 447 68 the the DT 34457 447 69 participating participate VBG 34457 447 70 substances substance NNS 34457 447 71 , , , 34457 447 72 nor nor CC 34457 447 73 any any DT 34457 447 74 assumption assumption NN 34457 447 75 made make VBN 34457 447 76 with with IN 34457 447 77 regard regard NN 34457 447 78 to to IN 34457 447 79 the the DT 34457 447 80 constitution constitution NN 34457 447 81 of of IN 34457 447 82 matter matter NN 34457 447 83 . . . 34457 448 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 448 2 is be VBZ 34457 448 3 , , , 34457 448 4 further far RBR 34457 448 5 , , , 34457 448 6 as as IN 34457 448 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 448 8 see see VBP 34457 448 9 , , , 34457 448 10 quite quite RB 34457 448 11 immaterial immaterial JJ 34457 448 12 whether whether IN 34457 448 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 448 14 are be VBP 34457 448 15 dealing deal VBG 34457 448 16 with with IN 34457 448 17 " " `` 34457 448 18 physical physical JJ 34457 448 19 " " '' 34457 448 20 or or CC 34457 448 21 " " `` 34457 448 22 chemical chemical JJ 34457 448 23 " " '' 34457 448 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 448 25 ; ; : 34457 448 26 in in IN 34457 448 27 principle principle NN 34457 448 28 , , , 34457 448 29 indeed indeed RB 34457 448 30 , , , 34457 448 31 no no DT 34457 448 32 distinction distinction NN 34457 448 33 need nee MD 34457 448 34 be be VB 34457 448 35 drawn draw VBN 34457 448 36 between between IN 34457 448 37 the the DT 34457 448 38 two two CD 34457 448 39 classes class NNS 34457 448 40 , , , 34457 448 41 although although IN 34457 448 42 it -PRON- PRP 34457 448 43 is be VBZ 34457 448 44 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 448 45 often often RB 34457 448 46 convenient convenient JJ 34457 448 47 to to TO 34457 448 48 make make VB 34457 448 49 use use NN 34457 448 50 of of IN 34457 448 51 the the DT 34457 448 52 terms term NNS 34457 448 53 , , , 34457 448 54 in in IN 34457 448 55 spite spite NN 34457 448 56 of of IN 34457 448 57 a a DT 34457 448 58 certain certain JJ 34457 448 59 amount amount NN 34457 448 60 of of IN 34457 448 61 indefiniteness indefiniteness NN 34457 448 62 which which WDT 34457 448 63 attaches attach VBZ 34457 448 64 to to IN 34457 448 65 them -PRON- PRP 34457 448 66 -- -- : 34457 448 67 an an DT 34457 448 68 indefiniteness indefiniteness NN 34457 448 69 , , , 34457 448 70 indeed indeed RB 34457 448 71 , , , 34457 448 72 which which WDT 34457 448 73 attaches attach VBZ 34457 448 74 equally equally RB 34457 448 75 to to IN 34457 448 76 the the DT 34457 448 77 terms term NNS 34457 448 78 " " `` 34457 448 79 physical physical JJ 34457 448 80 " " '' 34457 448 81 and and CC 34457 448 82 " " `` 34457 448 83 chemical chemical JJ 34457 448 84 " " '' 34457 448 85 process process NN 34457 448 86 . . . 34457 449 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 449 2 20 20 CD 34457 449 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 449 4 The the DT 34457 449 5 Phase phase NN 34457 449 6 Rule.--The rule.--the NN 34457 449 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 449 8 Rule Rule NNP 34457 449 9 of of IN 34457 449 10 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 34457 449 11 , , , 34457 449 12 which which WDT 34457 449 13 defines define VBZ 34457 449 14 the the DT 34457 449 15 condition condition NN 34457 449 16 of of IN 34457 449 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 449 18 by by IN 34457 449 19 the the DT 34457 449 20 relation relation NN 34457 449 21 between between IN 34457 449 22 the the DT 34457 449 23 number number NN 34457 449 24 of of IN 34457 449 25 coexisting coexist VBG 34457 449 26 phases phase NNS 34457 449 27 and and CC 34457 449 28 the the DT 34457 449 29 components component NNS 34457 449 30 , , , 34457 449 31 may may MD 34457 449 32 be be VB 34457 449 33 stated state VBN 34457 449 34 as as IN 34457 449 35 follows follow VBZ 34457 449 36 : : : 34457 449 37 A a DT 34457 449 38 system system NN 34457 449 39 consisting consist VBG 34457 449 40 of of IN 34457 449 41 n n JJ 34457 449 42 components component NNS 34457 449 43 can can MD 34457 449 44 exist exist VB 34457 449 45 in in IN 34457 449 46 _ _ NNP 34457 449 47 n n CC 34457 449 48 _ _ NNP 34457 449 49 + + CC 34457 449 50 2 2 CD 34457 449 51 phases phase NNS 34457 449 52 only only RB 34457 449 53 when when WRB 34457 449 54 the the DT 34457 449 55 temperature temperature NN 34457 449 56 , , , 34457 449 57 pressure pressure NN 34457 449 58 , , , 34457 449 59 and and CC 34457 449 60 concentration concentration NN 34457 449 61 have have VBP 34457 449 62 fixed fix VBN 34457 449 63 and and CC 34457 449 64 definite definite JJ 34457 449 65 values value NNS 34457 449 66 ; ; , 34457 449 67 if if IN 34457 449 68 there there EX 34457 449 69 are be VBP 34457 449 70 _ _ NNP 34457 449 71 n n CC 34457 449 72 _ _ NNP 34457 449 73 components component NNS 34457 449 74 in in IN 34457 449 75 _ _ NNP 34457 449 76 n n CC 34457 449 77 _ _ NNP 34457 449 78 + + DT 34457 449 79 1 1 CD 34457 449 80 phases phase NNS 34457 449 81 , , , 34457 449 82 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 449 83 can can MD 34457 449 84 exist exist VB 34457 449 85 while while IN 34457 449 86 one one CD 34457 449 87 of of IN 34457 449 88 the the DT 34457 449 89 factors factor NNS 34457 449 90 varies vary VBZ 34457 449 91 , , , 34457 449 92 and and CC 34457 449 93 if if IN 34457 449 94 there there EX 34457 449 95 are be VBP 34457 449 96 only only RB 34457 449 97 _ _ NNP 34457 449 98 n n CC 34457 449 99 _ _ NNP 34457 449 100 phases phase NNS 34457 449 101 , , , 34457 449 102 two two CD 34457 449 103 of of IN 34457 449 104 the the DT 34457 449 105 varying varying NN 34457 449 106 factors factor NNS 34457 449 107 may may MD 34457 449 108 be be VB 34457 449 109 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 449 110 fixed fix VBN 34457 449 111 . . . 34457 450 1 This this DT 34457 450 2 rule rule NN 34457 450 3 , , , 34457 450 4 the the DT 34457 450 5 application application NN 34457 450 6 of of IN 34457 450 7 which which WDT 34457 450 8 , , , 34457 450 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 450 10 is be VBZ 34457 450 11 hoped hope VBN 34457 450 12 , , , 34457 450 13 will will MD 34457 450 14 become become VB 34457 450 15 clear clear JJ 34457 450 16 in in IN 34457 450 17 the the DT 34457 450 18 sequel sequel NN 34457 450 19 , , , 34457 450 20 may may MD 34457 450 21 be be VB 34457 450 22 very very RB 34457 450 23 concisely concisely RB 34457 450 24 and and CC 34457 450 25 conveniently conveniently RB 34457 450 26 summarized summarize VBN 34457 450 27 in in IN 34457 450 28 the the DT 34457 450 29 form form NN 34457 450 30 of of IN 34457 450 31 the the DT 34457 450 32 equation-- equation-- NNP 34457 450 33 P P NNP 34457 450 34 + + CC 34457 450 35 F F NNP 34457 450 36 = = SYM 34457 450 37 C c NN 34457 450 38 + + CC 34457 450 39 2 2 CD 34457 450 40 , , , 34457 450 41 or or CC 34457 450 42 F F NNP 34457 450 43 = = SYM 34457 450 44 C c NN 34457 450 45 + + CC 34457 450 46 2 2 CD 34457 450 47 - - HYPH 34457 450 48 P p NN 34457 450 49 where where WRB 34457 450 50 P p NN 34457 450 51 denotes denote VBZ 34457 450 52 the the DT 34457 450 53 number number NN 34457 450 54 of of IN 34457 450 55 the the DT 34457 450 56 phases phase NNS 34457 450 57 , , , 34457 450 58 F F NNP 34457 450 59 the the DT 34457 450 60 degrees degree NNS 34457 450 61 of of IN 34457 450 62 freedom freedom NN 34457 450 63 , , , 34457 450 64 and and CC 34457 450 65 C C NNP 34457 450 66 the the DT 34457 450 67 number number NN 34457 450 68 of of IN 34457 450 69 components component NNS 34457 450 70 . . . 34457 451 1 From from IN 34457 451 2 the the DT 34457 451 3 second second JJ 34457 451 4 form form NN 34457 451 5 of of IN 34457 451 6 the the DT 34457 451 7 equation equation NN 34457 451 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 451 9 can can MD 34457 451 10 be be VB 34457 451 11 readily readily RB 34457 451 12 seen see VBN 34457 451 13 that that IN 34457 451 14 the the DT 34457 451 15 greater great JJR 34457 451 16 the the DT 34457 451 17 number number NN 34457 451 18 of of IN 34457 451 19 the the DT 34457 451 20 phases phase NNS 34457 451 21 , , , 34457 451 22 the the DT 34457 451 23 fewer few JJR 34457 451 24 are be VBP 34457 451 25 the the DT 34457 451 26 degrees degree NNS 34457 451 27 of of IN 34457 451 28 freedom freedom NN 34457 451 29 . . . 34457 452 1 With with IN 34457 452 2 increase increase NN 34457 452 3 in in IN 34457 452 4 the the DT 34457 452 5 number number NN 34457 452 6 of of IN 34457 452 7 the the DT 34457 452 8 phases phase NNS 34457 452 9 , , , 34457 452 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 452 11 , , , 34457 452 12 the the DT 34457 452 13 { { -LRB- 34457 452 14 17 17 CD 34457 452 15 } } -RRB- 34457 452 16 condition condition NN 34457 452 17 of of IN 34457 452 18 the the DT 34457 452 19 system system NN 34457 452 20 becomes become VBZ 34457 452 21 more more JJR 34457 452 22 and and CC 34457 452 23 more more RBR 34457 452 24 defined define VBN 34457 452 25 , , , 34457 452 26 or or CC 34457 452 27 less less RBR 34457 452 28 and and CC 34457 452 29 less less RBR 34457 452 30 variable variable JJ 34457 452 31 . . . 34457 453 1 Classification classification NN 34457 453 2 of of IN 34457 453 3 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 453 4 according accord VBG 34457 453 5 to to IN 34457 453 6 the the DT 34457 453 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 453 8 Rule.--We Rule.--We NNP 34457 453 9 have have VBP 34457 453 10 already already RB 34457 453 11 learned learn VBN 34457 453 12 in in IN 34457 453 13 the the DT 34457 453 14 introductory introductory JJ 34457 453 15 chapter chapter NN 34457 453 16 that that WDT 34457 453 17 systems system NNS 34457 453 18 which which WDT 34457 453 19 are be VBP 34457 453 20 apparently apparently RB 34457 453 21 quite quite RB 34457 453 22 different different JJ 34457 453 23 in in IN 34457 453 24 character character NN 34457 453 25 may may MD 34457 453 26 behave behave VB 34457 453 27 in in IN 34457 453 28 a a DT 34457 453 29 very very RB 34457 453 30 similar similar JJ 34457 453 31 manner manner NN 34457 453 32 . . . 34457 454 1 Thus thus RB 34457 454 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 454 3 was be VBD 34457 454 4 stated state VBN 34457 454 5 that that IN 34457 454 6 the the DT 34457 454 7 laws law NNS 34457 454 8 which which WDT 34457 454 9 govern govern VBP 34457 454 10 the the DT 34457 454 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 454 12 between between IN 34457 454 13 water water NN 34457 454 14 and and CC 34457 454 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 454 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 454 17 are be VBP 34457 454 18 quite quite RB 34457 454 19 analogous analogous JJ 34457 454 20 to to IN 34457 454 21 those those DT 34457 454 22 which which WDT 34457 454 23 are be VBP 34457 454 24 obeyed obey VBN 34457 454 25 by by IN 34457 454 26 the the DT 34457 454 27 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 454 28 of of IN 34457 454 29 calcium calcium NN 34457 454 30 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 454 31 into into IN 34457 454 32 carbon carbon NN 34457 454 33 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 454 34 and and CC 34457 454 35 calcium calcium NN 34457 454 36 oxide oxide NN 34457 454 37 ; ; , 34457 454 38 in in IN 34457 454 39 each each DT 34457 454 40 case case NN 34457 454 41 a a DT 34457 454 42 certain certain JJ 34457 454 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 454 44 is be VBZ 34457 454 45 associated associate VBN 34457 454 46 with with IN 34457 454 47 a a DT 34457 454 48 definite definite JJ 34457 454 49 pressure pressure NN 34457 454 50 , , , 34457 454 51 no no RB 34457 454 52 matter matter RB 34457 454 53 what what WP 34457 454 54 the the DT 34457 454 55 relative relative JJ 34457 454 56 or or CC 34457 454 57 absolute absolute JJ 34457 454 58 amounts amount NNS 34457 454 59 of of IN 34457 454 60 the the DT 34457 454 61 respective respective JJ 34457 454 62 substances substance NNS 34457 454 63 are be VBP 34457 454 64 . . . 34457 455 1 And and CC 34457 455 2 other other JJ 34457 455 3 examples example NNS 34457 455 4 were be VBD 34457 455 5 given give VBN 34457 455 6 of of IN 34457 455 7 systems system NNS 34457 455 8 which which WDT 34457 455 9 were be VBD 34457 455 10 apparently apparently RB 34457 455 11 similar similar JJ 34457 455 12 in in IN 34457 455 13 character character NN 34457 455 14 , , , 34457 455 15 but but CC 34457 455 16 which which WDT 34457 455 17 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 455 18 behaved behave VBD 34457 455 19 in in IN 34457 455 20 a a DT 34457 455 21 different different JJ 34457 455 22 manner manner NN 34457 455 23 . . . 34457 456 1 The the DT 34457 456 2 relations relation NNS 34457 456 3 between between IN 34457 456 4 the the DT 34457 456 5 various various JJ 34457 456 6 systems system NNS 34457 456 7 , , , 34457 456 8 however however RB 34457 456 9 , , , 34457 456 10 become become VB 34457 456 11 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 456 12 clear clear JJ 34457 456 13 and and CC 34457 456 14 intelligible intelligible JJ 34457 456 15 in in IN 34457 456 16 the the DT 34457 456 17 light light NN 34457 456 18 of of IN 34457 456 19 the the DT 34457 456 20 Phase Phase NNP 34457 456 21 Rule Rule NNP 34457 456 22 . . . 34457 457 1 In in IN 34457 457 2 the the DT 34457 457 3 case case NN 34457 457 4 first first RB 34457 457 5 mentioned mention VBD 34457 457 6 , , , 34457 457 7 that that DT 34457 457 8 of of IN 34457 457 9 water water NN 34457 457 10 in in IN 34457 457 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 457 12 with with IN 34457 457 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 457 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 457 15 , , , 34457 457 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 457 17 have have VBP 34457 457 18 one one CD 34457 457 19 component component NN 34457 457 20 -- -- : 34457 457 21 water water NN 34457 457 22 -- -- : 34457 457 23 present present JJ 34457 457 24 in in IN 34457 457 25 two two CD 34457 457 26 phases phase NNS 34457 457 27 , , , 34457 457 28 _ _ NNP 34457 457 29 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 457 30 _ _ NNP 34457 457 31 in in IN 34457 457 32 two two CD 34457 457 33 physically physically RB 34457 457 34 distinct distinct JJ 34457 457 35 forms form NNS 34457 457 36 , , , 34457 457 37 viz viz NN 34457 457 38 . . . 34457 458 1 liquid liquid NN 34457 458 2 and and CC 34457 458 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 458 4 . . . 34457 459 1 According accord VBG 34457 459 2 to to IN 34457 459 3 the the DT 34457 459 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 459 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 459 6 , , , 34457 459 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 459 8 , , , 34457 459 9 since since IN 34457 459 10 C c NN 34457 459 11 = = SYM 34457 459 12 1 1 CD 34457 459 13 , , , 34457 459 14 and and CC 34457 459 15 P p NN 34457 459 16 = = SYM 34457 459 17 2 2 CD 34457 459 18 , , , 34457 459 19 the the DT 34457 459 20 degree degree NN 34457 459 21 of of IN 34457 459 22 freedom freedom NN 34457 459 23 F F NNP 34457 459 24 is be VBZ 34457 459 25 equal equal JJ 34457 459 26 to to IN 34457 459 27 1 1 CD 34457 459 28 + + SYM 34457 459 29 2 2 CD 34457 459 30 - - SYM 34457 459 31 2 2 CD 34457 459 32 = = SYM 34457 459 33 1 1 CD 34457 459 34 ; ; : 34457 459 35 the the DT 34457 459 36 system system NN 34457 459 37 possesses possess VBZ 34457 459 38 one one CD 34457 459 39 degree degree NN 34457 459 40 of of IN 34457 459 41 freedom freedom NN 34457 459 42 , , , 34457 459 43 as as IN 34457 459 44 has have VBZ 34457 459 45 already already RB 34457 459 46 been be VBN 34457 459 47 stated state VBN 34457 459 48 . . . 34457 460 1 But but CC 34457 460 2 in in IN 34457 460 3 the the DT 34457 460 4 case case NN 34457 460 5 of of IN 34457 460 6 the the DT 34457 460 7 second second JJ 34457 460 8 system system NN 34457 460 9 mentioned mention VBN 34457 460 10 above above RB 34457 460 11 there there EX 34457 460 12 are be VBP 34457 460 13 two two CD 34457 460 14 components component NNS 34457 460 15 , , , 34457 460 16 viz viz NN 34457 460 17 . . . 34457 461 1 calcium calcium NN 34457 461 2 oxide oxide NN 34457 461 3 and and CC 34457 461 4 carbon carbon NN 34457 461 5 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 461 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 461 7 p. p. NN 34457 461 8 12 12 CD 34457 461 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 461 10 , , , 34457 461 11 and and CC 34457 461 12 three three CD 34457 461 13 phases phase NNS 34457 461 14 , , , 34457 461 15 viz viz NN 34457 461 16 . . . 34457 462 1 two two CD 34457 462 2 solid solid JJ 34457 462 3 phases phase NNS 34457 462 4 , , , 34457 462 5 CaO CaO NNP 34457 462 6 and and CC 34457 462 7 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 462 8 } } -RRB- 34457 462 9 , , , 34457 462 10 and and CC 34457 462 11 the the DT 34457 462 12 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 462 13 phase phase NN 34457 462 14 , , , 34457 462 15 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 462 16 } } -RRB- 34457 462 17 . . . 34457 463 1 The the DT 34457 463 2 number number NN 34457 463 3 of of IN 34457 463 4 degrees degree NNS 34457 463 5 of of IN 34457 463 6 freedom freedom NN 34457 463 7 of of IN 34457 463 8 the the DT 34457 463 9 system system NN 34457 463 10 , , , 34457 463 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 463 12 , , , 34457 463 13 is be VBZ 34457 463 14 2 2 CD 34457 463 15 + + SYM 34457 463 16 2 2 CD 34457 463 17 - - SYM 34457 463 18 3 3 CD 34457 463 19 = = SYM 34457 463 20 1 1 CD 34457 463 21 ; ; : 34457 463 22 this this DT 34457 463 23 system system NN 34457 463 24 , , , 34457 463 25 therefore therefore RB 34457 463 26 , , , 34457 463 27 also also RB 34457 463 28 possesses possess VBZ 34457 463 29 one one CD 34457 463 30 degree degree NN 34457 463 31 of of IN 34457 463 32 freedom freedom NN 34457 463 33 . . . 34457 464 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 464 2 can can MD 34457 464 3 now now RB 34457 464 4 understand understand VB 34457 464 5 why why WRB 34457 464 6 these these DT 34457 464 7 two two CD 34457 464 8 systems system NNS 34457 464 9 behave behave VBP 34457 464 10 in in IN 34457 464 11 a a DT 34457 464 12 similar similar JJ 34457 464 13 manner manner NN 34457 464 14 ; ; : 34457 464 15 both both DT 34457 464 16 are be VBP 34457 464 17 univariant univariant JJ 34457 464 18 , , , 34457 464 19 or or CC 34457 464 20 possess possess VBP 34457 464 21 only only RB 34457 464 22 one one CD 34457 464 23 degree degree NN 34457 464 24 of of IN 34457 464 25 freedom freedom NN 34457 464 26 . . . 34457 465 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 465 2 shall shall MD 34457 465 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 465 4 expect expect VB 34457 465 5 a a DT 34457 465 6 similar similar JJ 34457 465 7 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 465 8 in in IN 34457 465 9 the the DT 34457 465 10 case case NN 34457 465 11 of of IN 34457 465 12 all all DT 34457 465 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 465 14 systems system NNS 34457 465 15 , , , 34457 465 16 no no RB 34457 465 17 matter matter RB 34457 465 18 how how WRB 34457 465 19 dissimilar dissimilar JJ 34457 465 20 the the DT 34457 465 21 systems system NNS 34457 465 22 may may MD 34457 465 23 outwardly outwardly RB 34457 465 24 appear appear VB 34457 465 25 . . . 34457 466 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 466 2 , , , 34457 466 3 all all DT 34457 466 4 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 466 5 systems system NNS 34457 466 6 will will MD 34457 466 7 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 466 8 analogous analogous JJ 34457 466 9 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 466 10 ; ; : 34457 466 11 and and CC 34457 466 12 generally generally RB 34457 466 13 , , , 34457 466 14 systems system NNS 34457 466 15 possessing possess VBG 34457 466 16 the the DT 34457 466 17 same same JJ 34457 466 18 degree degree NN 34457 466 19 of of IN 34457 466 20 freedom freedom NN 34457 466 21 will will MD 34457 466 22 show show VB 34457 466 23 a a DT 34457 466 24 like like JJ 34457 466 25 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 466 26 . . . 34457 467 1 In in IN 34457 467 2 accordance accordance NN 34457 467 3 with with IN 34457 467 4 the the DT 34457 467 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 467 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 467 7 , , , 34457 467 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 467 9 , , , 34457 467 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 467 11 may may MD 34457 467 12 classify classify VB 34457 467 13 the the DT 34457 467 14 different different JJ 34457 467 15 systems system NNS 34457 467 16 which which WDT 34457 467 17 may may MD 34457 467 18 be be VB 34457 467 19 found find VBN 34457 467 20 into into IN 34457 467 21 invariant invariant JJ 34457 467 22 , , , 34457 467 23 univariant univariant JJ 34457 467 24 , , , 34457 467 25 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 467 26 , , , 34457 467 27 multivariant multivariant JJ 34457 467 28 , , , 34457 467 29 { { -LRB- 34457 467 30 18 18 CD 34457 467 31 } } -RRB- 34457 467 32 according accord VBG 34457 467 33 to to IN 34457 467 34 the the DT 34457 467 35 relation relation NN 34457 467 36 which which WDT 34457 467 37 obtains obtain NNS 34457 467 38 between between IN 34457 467 39 the the DT 34457 467 40 number number NN 34457 467 41 of of IN 34457 467 42 the the DT 34457 467 43 components component NNS 34457 467 44 and and CC 34457 467 45 the the DT 34457 467 46 number number NN 34457 467 47 of of IN 34457 467 48 coexisting coexist VBG 34457 467 49 phases phase NNS 34457 467 50 ; ; : 34457 467 51 and and CC 34457 467 52 we -PRON- PRP 34457 467 53 shall shall MD 34457 467 54 expect expect VB 34457 467 55 that that IN 34457 467 56 in in IN 34457 467 57 each each DT 34457 467 58 case case NN 34457 467 59 the the DT 34457 467 60 members member NNS 34457 467 61 of of IN 34457 467 62 any any DT 34457 467 63 particular particular JJ 34457 467 64 group group NN 34457 467 65 will will MD 34457 467 66 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 467 67 a a DT 34457 467 68 uniform uniform JJ 34457 467 69 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 467 70 . . . 34457 468 1 By by IN 34457 468 2 this this DT 34457 468 3 means mean VBZ 34457 468 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 468 5 are be VBP 34457 468 6 enabled enable VBN 34457 468 7 to to TO 34457 468 8 obtain obtain VB 34457 468 9 an an DT 34457 468 10 insight insight NN 34457 468 11 into into IN 34457 468 12 the the DT 34457 468 13 general general JJ 34457 468 14 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 468 15 of of IN 34457 468 16 any any DT 34457 468 17 system system NN 34457 468 18 , , , 34457 468 19 so so RB 34457 468 20 soon soon RB 34457 468 21 as as IN 34457 468 22 we -PRON- PRP 34457 468 23 have have VBP 34457 468 24 determined determine VBN 34457 468 25 the the DT 34457 468 26 number number NN 34457 468 27 of of IN 34457 468 28 the the DT 34457 468 29 components component NNS 34457 468 30 and and CC 34457 468 31 the the DT 34457 468 32 number number NN 34457 468 33 of of IN 34457 468 34 the the DT 34457 468 35 coexisting coexist VBG 34457 468 36 phases phase NNS 34457 468 37 . . . 34457 469 1 The the DT 34457 469 2 adoption adoption NN 34457 469 3 of of IN 34457 469 4 the the DT 34457 469 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 469 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 469 7 for for IN 34457 469 8 the the DT 34457 469 9 purposes purpose NNS 34457 469 10 of of IN 34457 469 11 classification classification NN 34457 469 12 has have VBZ 34457 469 13 been be VBN 34457 469 14 of of IN 34457 469 15 great great JJ 34457 469 16 importance importance NN 34457 469 17 in in IN 34457 469 18 studying study VBG 34457 469 19 changes change NNS 34457 469 20 in in IN 34457 469 21 the the DT 34457 469 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 469 23 existing exist VBG 34457 469 24 between between IN 34457 469 25 different different JJ 34457 469 26 substances substance NNS 34457 469 27 ; ; : 34457 469 28 for for IN 34457 469 29 not not RB 34457 469 30 only only RB 34457 469 31 does do VBZ 34457 469 32 it -PRON- PRP 34457 469 33 render render VB 34457 469 34 possible possible JJ 34457 469 35 the the DT 34457 469 36 grouping grouping NN 34457 469 37 together together RB 34457 469 38 of of IN 34457 469 39 a a DT 34457 469 40 large large JJ 34457 469 41 number number NN 34457 469 42 of of IN 34457 469 43 isolated isolated JJ 34457 469 44 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 469 45 , , , 34457 469 46 but but CC 34457 469 47 the the DT 34457 469 48 guidance guidance NN 34457 469 49 it -PRON- PRP 34457 469 50 affords afford VBZ 34457 469 51 has have VBZ 34457 469 52 led lead VBN 34457 469 53 to to IN 34457 469 54 the the DT 34457 469 55 discovery discovery NN 34457 469 56 of of IN 34457 469 57 new new JJ 34457 469 58 substances substance NNS 34457 469 59 , , , 34457 469 60 has have VBZ 34457 469 61 given give VBN 34457 469 62 the the DT 34457 469 63 clue clue NN 34457 469 64 to to IN 34457 469 65 the the DT 34457 469 66 conditions condition NNS 34457 469 67 under under IN 34457 469 68 which which WDT 34457 469 69 these these DT 34457 469 70 substances substance NNS 34457 469 71 can can MD 34457 469 72 exist exist VB 34457 469 73 , , , 34457 469 74 and and CC 34457 469 75 has have VBZ 34457 469 76 led lead VBN 34457 469 77 to to IN 34457 469 78 the the DT 34457 469 79 recognition recognition NN 34457 469 80 of of IN 34457 469 81 otherwise otherwise RB 34457 469 82 unobserved unobserved JJ 34457 469 83 resemblances resemblance NNS 34457 469 84 existing exist VBG 34457 469 85 between between IN 34457 469 86 different different JJ 34457 469 87 systems system NNS 34457 469 88 . . . 34457 470 1 Deduction deduction NN 34457 470 2 of of IN 34457 470 3 the the DT 34457 470 4 Phase phase NN 34457 470 5 Rule.--In Rule.--In NNP 34457 470 6 the the DT 34457 470 7 preceding precede VBG 34457 470 8 pages page NNS 34457 470 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 470 10 have have VBP 34457 470 11 restricted restrict VBN 34457 470 12 ourselves -PRON- PRP 34457 470 13 to to IN 34457 470 14 the the DT 34457 470 15 statement statement NN 34457 470 16 of of IN 34457 470 17 the the DT 34457 470 18 Phase Phase NNP 34457 470 19 Rule Rule NNP 34457 470 20 , , , 34457 470 21 without without IN 34457 470 22 giving give VBG 34457 470 23 any any DT 34457 470 24 indication indication NN 34457 470 25 of of IN 34457 470 26 how how WRB 34457 470 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 470 28 has have VBZ 34457 470 29 been be VBN 34457 470 30 deduced deduce VBN 34457 470 31 . . . 34457 471 1 At at IN 34457 471 2 the the DT 34457 471 3 close close NN 34457 471 4 of of IN 34457 471 5 this this DT 34457 471 6 chapter chapter NN 34457 471 7 , , , 34457 471 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 471 9 , , , 34457 471 10 the the DT 34457 471 11 mathematical mathematical JJ 34457 471 12 deduction deduction NN 34457 471 13 of of IN 34457 471 14 the the DT 34457 471 15 generalization generalization NN 34457 471 16 will will MD 34457 471 17 be be VB 34457 471 18 given give VBN 34457 471 19 , , , 34457 471 20 but but CC 34457 471 21 in in IN 34457 471 22 brief brief JJ 34457 471 23 outline outline NN 34457 471 24 only only RB 34457 471 25 , , , 34457 471 26 the the DT 34457 471 27 reader reader NN 34457 471 28 being be VBG 34457 471 29 referred refer VBN 34457 471 30 to to IN 34457 471 31 works work NNS 34457 471 32 on on IN 34457 471 33 Thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS 34457 471 34 for for IN 34457 471 35 a a DT 34457 471 36 fuller full JJR 34457 471 37 treatment treatment NN 34457 471 38 of of IN 34457 471 39 the the DT 34457 471 40 subject subject NN 34457 471 41 . . . 34457 472 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 472 2 21 21 LS 34457 472 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 472 4 All all DT 34457 472 5 forms form NNS 34457 472 6 of of IN 34457 472 7 energy energy NN 34457 472 8 can can MD 34457 472 9 be be VB 34457 472 10 resolved resolve VBN 34457 472 11 into into IN 34457 472 12 two two CD 34457 472 13 factors factor NNS 34457 472 14 , , , 34457 472 15 the the DT 34457 472 16 _ _ NNP 34457 472 17 capacity capacity NN 34457 472 18 _ _ NNP 34457 472 19 factor factor NN 34457 472 20 and and CC 34457 472 21 the the DT 34457 472 22 _ _ NNP 34457 472 23 intensity intensity NN 34457 472 24 _ _ NNP 34457 472 25 factor factor NN 34457 472 26 ; ; : 34457 472 27 but but CC 34457 472 28 for for IN 34457 472 29 the the DT 34457 472 30 production production NN 34457 472 31 of of IN 34457 472 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 472 33 , , , 34457 472 34 only only RB 34457 472 35 the the DT 34457 472 36 intensity intensity NN 34457 472 37 factor factor NN 34457 472 38 is be VBZ 34457 472 39 of of IN 34457 472 40 importance importance NN 34457 472 41 . . . 34457 473 1 Thus thus RB 34457 473 2 , , , 34457 473 3 if if IN 34457 473 4 two two CD 34457 473 5 bodies body NNS 34457 473 6 having have VBG 34457 473 7 the the DT 34457 473 8 same same JJ 34457 473 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 473 10 are be VBP 34457 473 11 brought bring VBN 34457 473 12 in in IN 34457 473 13 contact contact NN 34457 473 14 with with IN 34457 473 15 each each DT 34457 473 16 other other JJ 34457 473 17 , , , 34457 473 18 they -PRON- PRP 34457 473 19 will will MD 34457 473 20 be be VB 34457 473 21 in in IN 34457 473 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 473 23 as as IN 34457 473 24 regards regard VBZ 34457 473 25 heat heat NN 34457 473 26 energy energy NN 34457 473 27 , , , 34457 473 28 no no RB 34457 473 29 matter matter RB 34457 473 30 what what WP 34457 473 31 may may MD 34457 473 32 be be VB 34457 473 33 the the DT 34457 473 34 amounts amount NNS 34457 473 35 of of IN 34457 473 36 heat heat NN 34457 473 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 473 38 capacity capacity NN 34457 473 39 factor factor NNP 34457 473 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 473 41 contained contain VBN 34457 473 42 in in IN 34457 473 43 either either CC 34457 473 44 , , , 34457 473 45 because because IN 34457 473 46 the the DT 34457 473 47 intensity intensity NN 34457 473 48 factor factor NN 34457 473 49 -- -- : 34457 473 50 the the DT 34457 473 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 473 52 -- -- : 34457 473 53 is be VBZ 34457 473 54 the the DT 34457 473 55 same same JJ 34457 473 56 . . . 34457 474 1 But but CC 34457 474 2 if if IN 34457 474 3 the the DT 34457 474 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 474 5 of of IN 34457 474 6 the the DT 34457 474 7 two two CD 34457 474 8 bodies body NNS 34457 474 9 is be VBZ 34457 474 10 different different JJ 34457 474 11 , , , 34457 474 12 _ _ NNP 34457 474 13 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 474 14 _ _ XX 34457 474 15 if if IN 34457 474 16 the the DT 34457 474 17 intensity intensity NN 34457 474 18 factor factor NN 34457 474 19 of of IN 34457 474 20 heat heat NN 34457 474 21 energy energy NN 34457 474 22 is be VBZ 34457 474 23 different different JJ 34457 474 24 , , , 34457 474 25 the the DT 34457 474 26 two two CD 34457 474 27 bodies body NNS 34457 474 28 will will MD 34457 474 29 no no RB 34457 474 30 longer longer RB 34457 474 31 be be VB 34457 474 32 in in IN 34457 474 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 474 34 ; ; : 34457 474 35 but but CC 34457 474 36 heat heat NN 34457 474 37 will will MD 34457 474 38 pass pass VB 34457 474 39 from from IN 34457 474 40 the the DT 34457 474 41 hotter hotter NN 34457 474 42 to to IN 34457 474 43 the the DT 34457 474 44 colder colder NN 34457 474 45 until until IN 34457 474 46 both both DT 34457 474 47 have have VBP 34457 474 48 the the DT 34457 474 49 same same JJ 34457 474 50 temperature temperature NN 34457 474 51 . . . 34457 475 1 As as IN 34457 475 2 with with IN 34457 475 3 heat heat NN 34457 475 4 energy energy NN 34457 475 5 , , , 34457 475 6 so so RB 34457 475 7 with with IN 34457 475 8 chemical chemical NN 34457 475 9 energy energy NN 34457 475 10 . . . 34457 476 1 If if IN 34457 476 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 476 3 have have VBP 34457 476 4 a a DT 34457 476 5 substance substance NN 34457 476 6 existing exist VBG 34457 476 7 in in IN 34457 476 8 two two CD 34457 476 9 different different JJ 34457 476 10 states state NNS 34457 476 11 , , , 34457 476 12 or or CC 34457 476 13 in in IN 34457 476 14 two two CD 34457 476 15 different different JJ 34457 476 16 { { -LRB- 34457 476 17 19 19 CD 34457 476 18 } } -RRB- 34457 476 19 phases phase NNS 34457 476 20 of of IN 34457 476 21 a a DT 34457 476 22 system system NN 34457 476 23 , , , 34457 476 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 476 25 can can MD 34457 476 26 occur occur VB 34457 476 27 only only RB 34457 476 28 when when WRB 34457 476 29 the the DT 34457 476 30 intensity intensity NN 34457 476 31 factor factor NN 34457 476 32 of of IN 34457 476 33 chemical chemical JJ 34457 476 34 energy energy NN 34457 476 35 is be VBZ 34457 476 36 the the DT 34457 476 37 same same JJ 34457 476 38 . . . 34457 477 1 This this DT 34457 477 2 intensity intensity NN 34457 477 3 factor factor NN 34457 477 4 may may MD 34457 477 5 be be VB 34457 477 6 called call VBN 34457 477 7 the the DT 34457 477 8 _ _ NNP 34457 477 9 chemical chemical NN 34457 477 10 potential potential NN 34457 477 11 _ _ NNP 34457 477 12 ; ; : 34457 477 13 and and CC 34457 477 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 477 15 can can MD 34457 477 16 therefore therefore RB 34457 477 17 say say VB 34457 477 18 that that IN 34457 477 19 a a DT 34457 477 20 system system NN 34457 477 21 will will MD 34457 477 22 be be VB 34457 477 23 in in IN 34457 477 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 477 25 when when WRB 34457 477 26 the the DT 34457 477 27 chemical chemical JJ 34457 477 28 potential potential NN 34457 477 29 of of IN 34457 477 30 each each DT 34457 477 31 component component NN 34457 477 32 is be VBZ 34457 477 33 the the DT 34457 477 34 same same JJ 34457 477 35 in in IN 34457 477 36 all all PDT 34457 477 37 the the DT 34457 477 38 phases phase NNS 34457 477 39 in in IN 34457 477 40 which which WDT 34457 477 41 the the DT 34457 477 42 component component NN 34457 477 43 occurs occur VBZ 34457 477 44 . . . 34457 478 1 Thus thus RB 34457 478 2 , , , 34457 478 3 for for IN 34457 478 4 example example NN 34457 478 5 , , , 34457 478 6 ice ice NN 34457 478 7 , , , 34457 478 8 water water NN 34457 478 9 , , , 34457 478 10 and and CC 34457 478 11 vapour vapour RB 34457 478 12 have have VBP 34457 478 13 , , , 34457 478 14 at at IN 34457 478 15 the the DT 34457 478 16 triple triple JJ 34457 478 17 point point NN 34457 478 18 , , , 34457 478 19 the the DT 34457 478 20 same same JJ 34457 478 21 chemical chemical NN 34457 478 22 potential potential NN 34457 478 23 . . . 34457 479 1 The the DT 34457 479 2 potential potential NN 34457 479 3 of of IN 34457 479 4 a a DT 34457 479 5 component component NN 34457 479 6 in in IN 34457 479 7 any any DT 34457 479 8 phase phase NN 34457 479 9 depends depend VBZ 34457 479 10 not not RB 34457 479 11 only only RB 34457 479 12 on on IN 34457 479 13 the the DT 34457 479 14 composition composition NN 34457 479 15 of of IN 34457 479 16 the the DT 34457 479 17 phase phase NN 34457 479 18 , , , 34457 479 19 but but CC 34457 479 20 also also RB 34457 479 21 on on IN 34457 479 22 the the DT 34457 479 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 479 24 and and CC 34457 479 25 the the DT 34457 479 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 479 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 479 28 or or CC 34457 479 29 volume volume NN 34457 479 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 479 31 . . . 34457 480 1 If if IN 34457 480 2 , , , 34457 480 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 480 4 , , , 34457 480 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 480 6 have have VBP 34457 480 7 a a DT 34457 480 8 system system NN 34457 480 9 of of IN 34457 480 10 C C NNP 34457 480 11 components component NNS 34457 480 12 existing exist VBG 34457 480 13 in in IN 34457 480 14 P p NN 34457 480 15 phases phase NNS 34457 480 16 , , , 34457 480 17 then then RB 34457 480 18 , , , 34457 480 19 in in IN 34457 480 20 order order NN 34457 480 21 to to TO 34457 480 22 fix fix VB 34457 480 23 the the DT 34457 480 24 composition composition NN 34457 480 25 of of IN 34457 480 26 unit unit NN 34457 480 27 mass mass NN 34457 480 28 of of IN 34457 480 29 each each DT 34457 480 30 phase phase NN 34457 480 31 , , , 34457 480 32 it -PRON- PRP 34457 480 33 is be VBZ 34457 480 34 necessary necessary JJ 34457 480 35 to to TO 34457 480 36 know know VB 34457 480 37 the the DT 34457 480 38 masses masse NNS 34457 480 39 of of IN 34457 480 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 480 41 C C NNP 34457 480 42 - - HYPH 34457 480 43 1 1 NNP 34457 480 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 480 45 components component NNS 34457 480 46 in in IN 34457 480 47 each each DT 34457 480 48 of of IN 34457 480 49 the the DT 34457 480 50 phases phase NNS 34457 480 51 . . . 34457 481 1 As as IN 34457 481 2 regards regard VBZ 34457 481 3 the the DT 34457 481 4 composition composition NN 34457 481 5 , , , 34457 481 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 481 7 , , , 34457 481 8 each each DT 34457 481 9 phase phase NN 34457 481 10 possesses possess VBZ 34457 481 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 481 12 C C NNP 34457 481 13 - - HYPH 34457 481 14 1 1 NNP 34457 481 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 481 16 variables variable NNS 34457 481 17 . . . 34457 482 1 Since since IN 34457 482 2 there there EX 34457 482 3 are be VBP 34457 482 4 P p NN 34457 482 5 phases phase NNS 34457 482 6 , , , 34457 482 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 482 8 follows follow VBZ 34457 482 9 that that IN 34457 482 10 , , , 34457 482 11 as as IN 34457 482 12 regards regard VBZ 34457 482 13 composition composition NN 34457 482 14 , , , 34457 482 15 the the DT 34457 482 16 whole whole JJ 34457 482 17 system system NN 34457 482 18 possesses possess VBZ 34457 482 19 P(C P(C NNP 34457 482 20 - - HYPH 34457 482 21 1 1 LS 34457 482 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 482 23 variables variable NNS 34457 482 24 . . . 34457 483 1 Besides besides IN 34457 483 2 these these DT 34457 483 3 there there EX 34457 483 4 are be VBP 34457 483 5 , , , 34457 483 6 however however RB 34457 483 7 , , , 34457 483 8 two two CD 34457 483 9 other other JJ 34457 483 10 variables variable NNS 34457 483 11 , , , 34457 483 12 viz viz NN 34457 483 13 . . . 34457 484 1 temperature temperature NN 34457 484 2 and and CC 34457 484 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 484 4 , , , 34457 484 5 so so IN 34457 484 6 that that IN 34457 484 7 altogether altogether RB 34457 484 8 a a DT 34457 484 9 system system NN 34457 484 10 of of IN 34457 484 11 C C NNP 34457 484 12 components component NNS 34457 484 13 in in IN 34457 484 14 P p NN 34457 484 15 phases phase VBZ 34457 484 16 possesses possess VBZ 34457 484 17 P(C P(C NNP 34457 484 18 - - HYPH 34457 484 19 1 1 CD 34457 484 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 484 21 + + CC 34457 484 22 2 2 CD 34457 484 23 variables variable NNS 34457 484 24 . . . 34457 485 1 In in IN 34457 485 2 order order NN 34457 485 3 to to TO 34457 485 4 define define VB 34457 485 5 the the DT 34457 485 6 state state NN 34457 485 7 of of IN 34457 485 8 the the DT 34457 485 9 system system NN 34457 485 10 completely completely RB 34457 485 11 , , , 34457 485 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 485 13 will will MD 34457 485 14 be be VB 34457 485 15 necessary necessary JJ 34457 485 16 to to TO 34457 485 17 have have VB 34457 485 18 as as RB 34457 485 19 many many JJ 34457 485 20 equations equation NNS 34457 485 21 as as IN 34457 485 22 there there EX 34457 485 23 are be VBP 34457 485 24 variables variable NNS 34457 485 25 . . . 34457 486 1 If if IN 34457 486 2 , , , 34457 486 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 486 4 , , , 34457 486 5 there there EX 34457 486 6 are be VBP 34457 486 7 fewer few JJR 34457 486 8 equations equation NNS 34457 486 9 than than IN 34457 486 10 there there EX 34457 486 11 are be VBP 34457 486 12 variables variable NNS 34457 486 13 , , , 34457 486 14 then then RB 34457 486 15 , , , 34457 486 16 according accord VBG 34457 486 17 to to IN 34457 486 18 the the DT 34457 486 19 deficiency deficiency NN 34457 486 20 in in IN 34457 486 21 the the DT 34457 486 22 number number NN 34457 486 23 of of IN 34457 486 24 the the DT 34457 486 25 equations equation NNS 34457 486 26 , , , 34457 486 27 one one CD 34457 486 28 or or CC 34457 486 29 more more JJR 34457 486 30 of of IN 34457 486 31 the the DT 34457 486 32 variables variable NNS 34457 486 33 will will MD 34457 486 34 have have VB 34457 486 35 an an DT 34457 486 36 undefined undefined JJ 34457 486 37 value value NN 34457 486 38 ; ; : 34457 486 39 and and CC 34457 486 40 values value NNS 34457 486 41 must must MD 34457 486 42 be be VB 34457 486 43 assigned assign VBN 34457 486 44 to to IN 34457 486 45 these these DT 34457 486 46 variables variable NNS 34457 486 47 before before IN 34457 486 48 the the DT 34457 486 49 system system NN 34457 486 50 is be VBZ 34457 486 51 entirely entirely RB 34457 486 52 defined define VBN 34457 486 53 . . . 34457 487 1 The the DT 34457 487 2 number number NN 34457 487 3 of of IN 34457 487 4 these these DT 34457 487 5 undefined undefined JJ 34457 487 6 values value NNS 34457 487 7 gives give VBZ 34457 487 8 us -PRON- PRP 34457 487 9 the the DT 34457 487 10 variability variability NN 34457 487 11 or or CC 34457 487 12 the the DT 34457 487 13 degree degree NN 34457 487 14 of of IN 34457 487 15 freedom freedom NN 34457 487 16 of of IN 34457 487 17 the the DT 34457 487 18 system system NN 34457 487 19 . . . 34457 488 1 The the DT 34457 488 2 equations equation NNS 34457 488 3 by by IN 34457 488 4 which which WDT 34457 488 5 the the DT 34457 488 6 system system NN 34457 488 7 is be VBZ 34457 488 8 to to TO 34457 488 9 be be VB 34457 488 10 defined define VBN 34457 488 11 are be VBP 34457 488 12 obtained obtain VBN 34457 488 13 from from IN 34457 488 14 the the DT 34457 488 15 relationship relationship NN 34457 488 16 between between IN 34457 488 17 the the DT 34457 488 18 potential potential NN 34457 488 19 of of IN 34457 488 20 a a DT 34457 488 21 component component NN 34457 488 22 and and CC 34457 488 23 the the DT 34457 488 24 composition composition NN 34457 488 25 of of IN 34457 488 26 the the DT 34457 488 27 phase phase NN 34457 488 28 , , , 34457 488 29 the the DT 34457 488 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 488 31 and and CC 34457 488 32 the the DT 34457 488 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 488 34 . . . 34457 489 1 Further further RB 34457 489 2 , , , 34457 489 3 as as IN 34457 489 4 has have VBZ 34457 489 5 already already RB 34457 489 6 been be VBN 34457 489 7 stated state VBN 34457 489 8 , , , 34457 489 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 489 10 occurs occur VBZ 34457 489 11 when when WRB 34457 489 12 the the DT 34457 489 13 potential potential NN 34457 489 14 of of IN 34457 489 15 each each DT 34457 489 16 component component NN 34457 489 17 is be VBZ 34457 489 18 the the DT 34457 489 19 same same JJ 34457 489 20 in in IN 34457 489 21 the the DT 34457 489 22 different different JJ 34457 489 23 phases phase NNS 34457 489 24 in in IN 34457 489 25 which which WDT 34457 489 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 489 27 is be VBZ 34457 489 28 present present JJ 34457 489 29 . . . 34457 490 1 If if IN 34457 490 2 , , , 34457 490 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 490 4 , , , 34457 490 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 490 6 choose choose VBP 34457 490 7 as as IN 34457 490 8 standard standard JJ 34457 490 9 one one CD 34457 490 10 of of IN 34457 490 11 the the DT 34457 490 12 phases phase NNS 34457 490 13 in in IN 34457 490 14 which which WDT 34457 490 15 all all PDT 34457 490 16 the the DT 34457 490 17 components component NNS 34457 490 18 occur occur VBP 34457 490 19 , , , 34457 490 20 then then RB 34457 490 21 in in IN 34457 490 22 any any DT 34457 490 23 other other JJ 34457 490 24 phase phase NN 34457 490 25 in in IN 34457 490 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 490 27 with with IN 34457 490 28 { { -LRB- 34457 490 29 20 20 CD 34457 490 30 } } -RRB- 34457 490 31 it -PRON- PRP 34457 490 32 , , , 34457 490 33 the the DT 34457 490 34 potential potential NN 34457 490 35 of of IN 34457 490 36 each each DT 34457 490 37 component component NN 34457 490 38 must must MD 34457 490 39 be be VB 34457 490 40 the the DT 34457 490 41 same same JJ 34457 490 42 as as IN 34457 490 43 in in IN 34457 490 44 the the DT 34457 490 45 standard standard JJ 34457 490 46 phase phase NN 34457 490 47 . . . 34457 491 1 For for IN 34457 491 2 each each DT 34457 491 3 phase phase NN 34457 491 4 in in IN 34457 491 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 491 6 with with IN 34457 491 7 the the DT 34457 491 8 standard standard JJ 34457 491 9 phase phase NN 34457 491 10 , , , 34457 491 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 491 12 , , , 34457 491 13 there there EX 34457 491 14 will will MD 34457 491 15 be be VB 34457 491 16 a a DT 34457 491 17 definite definite JJ 34457 491 18 equation equation NN 34457 491 19 of of IN 34457 491 20 state state NN 34457 491 21 for for IN 34457 491 22 each each DT 34457 491 23 component component NN 34457 491 24 in in IN 34457 491 25 the the DT 34457 491 26 phase phase NN 34457 491 27 ; ; : 34457 491 28 so so IN 34457 491 29 that that IN 34457 491 30 , , , 34457 491 31 if if IN 34457 491 32 there there EX 34457 491 33 are be VBP 34457 491 34 P p NN 34457 491 35 phases phase NNS 34457 491 36 , , , 34457 491 37 we -PRON- PRP 34457 491 38 obtain obtain VBP 34457 491 39 for for IN 34457 491 40 each each DT 34457 491 41 component component NN 34457 491 42 ( ( -LRB- 34457 491 43 P p NN 34457 491 44 - - HYPH 34457 491 45 1 1 CD 34457 491 46 ) ) -RRB- 34457 491 47 equations equation NNS 34457 491 48 ; ; : 34457 491 49 and and CC 34457 491 50 for for IN 34457 491 51 C C NNP 34457 491 52 components component NNS 34457 491 53 , , , 34457 491 54 therefore therefore RB 34457 491 55 , , , 34457 491 56 we -PRON- PRP 34457 491 57 obtain obtain VBP 34457 491 58 C(P c(p NN 34457 491 59 - - HYPH 34457 491 60 1 1 CD 34457 491 61 ) ) -RRB- 34457 491 62 equations equation NNS 34457 491 63 . . . 34457 492 1 But but CC 34457 492 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 492 3 have have VBP 34457 492 4 seen see VBN 34457 492 5 above above IN 34457 492 6 that that IN 34457 492 7 there there EX 34457 492 8 are be VBP 34457 492 9 P(C P(C NNP 34457 492 10 - - HYPH 34457 492 11 1 1 CD 34457 492 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 492 13 + + CC 34457 492 14 2 2 CD 34457 492 15 variables variable NNS 34457 492 16 , , , 34457 492 17 and and CC 34457 492 18 as as IN 34457 492 19 we -PRON- PRP 34457 492 20 have have VBP 34457 492 21 only only RB 34457 492 22 C(P C(P NNP 34457 492 23 - - HYPH 34457 492 24 1 1 CD 34457 492 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 492 26 equations equation NNS 34457 492 27 , , , 34457 492 28 there there EX 34457 492 29 must must MD 34457 492 30 be be VB 34457 492 31 P(C P(C NNP 34457 492 32 - - HYPH 34457 492 33 1 1 CD 34457 492 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 492 35 + + CC 34457 492 36 2 2 CD 34457 492 37 - - HYPH 34457 492 38 C(P C(P NNP 34457 492 39 - - HYPH 34457 492 40 1 1 CD 34457 492 41 ) ) -RRB- 34457 492 42 = = NFP 34457 492 43 C c NN 34457 492 44 + + CC 34457 492 45 2 2 CD 34457 492 46 - - HYPH 34457 492 47 P p NN 34457 492 48 variables variable NNS 34457 492 49 undefined undefined JJ 34457 492 50 . . . 34457 493 1 That that DT 34457 493 2 is be VBZ 34457 493 3 to to TO 34457 493 4 say say VB 34457 493 5 , , , 34457 493 6 the the DT 34457 493 7 degree degree NN 34457 493 8 of of IN 34457 493 9 freedom freedom NN 34457 493 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 493 11 F F NNP 34457 493 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 493 13 of of IN 34457 493 14 a a DT 34457 493 15 system system NN 34457 493 16 consisting consist VBG 34457 493 17 of of IN 34457 493 18 C C NNP 34457 493 19 components component NNS 34457 493 20 in in IN 34457 493 21 P p NN 34457 493 22 phases phase VBZ 34457 493 23 is-- is-- NNP 34457 493 24 F F NNP 34457 493 25 = = NNP 34457 493 26 C C NNP 34457 493 27 + + CC 34457 493 28 2 2 CD 34457 493 29 - - HYPH 34457 493 30 P p NN 34457 493 31 * * NFP 34457 493 32 * * NFP 34457 493 33 * * NFP 34457 493 34 * * NFP 34457 493 35 * * NFP 34457 493 36 { { -LRB- 34457 493 37 21 21 CD 34457 493 38 } } -RRB- 34457 493 39 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 493 40 III III NNP 34457 493 41 TYPICAL typical NN 34457 493 42 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 493 43 OF of IN 34457 493 44 ONE one CD 34457 493 45 COMPONENT COMPONENT NNP 34457 493 46 A. a. NN 34457 494 1 _ _ NNP 34457 494 2 Water Water NNP 34457 494 3 . . . 34457 494 4 _ _ NNP 34457 494 5 For for IN 34457 494 6 the the DT 34457 494 7 sake sake NN 34457 494 8 of of IN 34457 494 9 rendering render VBG 34457 494 10 the the DT 34457 494 11 Phase Phase NNP 34457 494 12 Rule Rule NNP 34457 494 13 more more RBR 34457 494 14 readily readily RB 34457 494 15 intelligible intelligible JJ 34457 494 16 , , , 34457 494 17 and and CC 34457 494 18 at at IN 34457 494 19 the the DT 34457 494 20 same same JJ 34457 494 21 time time NN 34457 494 22 also also RB 34457 494 23 for for IN 34457 494 24 the the DT 34457 494 25 purpose purpose NN 34457 494 26 of of IN 34457 494 27 obtaining obtain VBG 34457 494 28 examples example NNS 34457 494 29 by by IN 34457 494 30 which which WDT 34457 494 31 we -PRON- PRP 34457 494 32 may may MD 34457 494 33 illustrate illustrate VB 34457 494 34 the the DT 34457 494 35 general general JJ 34457 494 36 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 494 37 of of IN 34457 494 38 systems system NNS 34457 494 39 , , , 34457 494 40 we -PRON- PRP 34457 494 41 shall shall MD 34457 494 42 in in IN 34457 494 43 this this DT 34457 494 44 chapter chapter NN 34457 494 45 examine examine VBP 34457 494 46 in in IN 34457 494 47 detail detail NN 34457 494 48 the the DT 34457 494 49 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 494 50 of of IN 34457 494 51 several several JJ 34457 494 52 well well RB 34457 494 53 - - HYPH 34457 494 54 known know VBN 34457 494 55 systems system NNS 34457 494 56 consisting consist VBG 34457 494 57 of of IN 34457 494 58 only only RB 34457 494 59 one one CD 34457 494 60 component component NN 34457 494 61 . . . 34457 495 1 The the DT 34457 495 2 most most RBS 34457 495 3 familiar familiar JJ 34457 495 4 examples example NNS 34457 495 5 of of IN 34457 495 6 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 495 7 in in IN 34457 495 8 a a DT 34457 495 9 one one CD 34457 495 10 - - HYPH 34457 495 11 component component NN 34457 495 12 system system NN 34457 495 13 are be VBP 34457 495 14 those those DT 34457 495 15 furnished furnish VBN 34457 495 16 by by IN 34457 495 17 the the DT 34457 495 18 three three CD 34457 495 19 phases phase NNS 34457 495 20 of of IN 34457 495 21 water water NN 34457 495 22 , , , 34457 495 23 viz viz NN 34457 495 24 . . . 34457 496 1 ice ice NN 34457 496 2 , , , 34457 496 3 water water NN 34457 496 4 , , , 34457 496 5 water water NN 34457 496 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 496 7 . . . 34457 497 1 The the DT 34457 497 2 system system NN 34457 497 3 consists consist VBZ 34457 497 4 of of IN 34457 497 5 one one CD 34457 497 6 component component NN 34457 497 7 , , , 34457 497 8 because because IN 34457 497 9 all all DT 34457 497 10 three three CD 34457 497 11 phases phase NNS 34457 497 12 have have VBP 34457 497 13 the the DT 34457 497 14 same same JJ 34457 497 15 chemical chemical JJ 34457 497 16 composition composition NN 34457 497 17 , , , 34457 497 18 represented represent VBN 34457 497 19 by by IN 34457 497 20 the the DT 34457 497 21 formula formula NN 34457 497 22 H_{2}O. H_{2}O. NNP 34457 498 1 As as IN 34457 498 2 the the DT 34457 498 3 criterion criterion NN 34457 498 4 of of IN 34457 498 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 498 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 498 7 shall shall MD 34457 498 8 choose choose VB 34457 498 9 a a DT 34457 498 10 definite definite JJ 34457 498 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 498 12 , , , 34457 498 13 and and CC 34457 498 14 shall shall MD 34457 498 15 study study VB 34457 498 16 the the DT 34457 498 17 variation variation NN 34457 498 18 of of IN 34457 498 19 the the DT 34457 498 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 498 21 with with IN 34457 498 22 the the DT 34457 498 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 498 24 ; ; , 34457 498 25 and and CC 34457 498 26 for for IN 34457 498 27 the the DT 34457 498 28 purpose purpose NN 34457 498 29 of of IN 34457 498 30 representing represent VBG 34457 498 31 the the DT 34457 498 32 relationships relationship NNS 34457 498 33 which which WDT 34457 498 34 we -PRON- PRP 34457 498 35 obtain obtain VBP 34457 498 36 we -PRON- PRP 34457 498 37 shall shall MD 34457 498 38 employ employ VB 34457 498 39 a a DT 34457 498 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 498 41 - - HYPH 34457 498 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 498 43 diagram diagram NN 34457 498 44 , , , 34457 498 45 in in IN 34457 498 46 which which WDT 34457 498 47 the the DT 34457 498 48 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 498 49 are be VBP 34457 498 50 measured measure VBN 34457 498 51 as as IN 34457 498 52 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 498 53 ¦ ¦ : 34457 498 54 and and CC 34457 498 55 the the DT 34457 498 56 pressures pressure NNS 34457 498 57 as as IN 34457 498 58 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 498 59 . . . 34457 499 1 In in IN 34457 499 2 such such PDT 34457 499 3 a a DT 34457 499 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 499 5 invariant invariant NN 34457 499 6 systems system NNS 34457 499 7 will will MD 34457 499 8 be be VB 34457 499 9 represented represent VBN 34457 499 10 by by IN 34457 499 11 points point NNS 34457 499 12 ; ; : 34457 499 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 499 14 systems system NNS 34457 499 15 by by IN 34457 499 16 lines line NNS 34457 499 17 , , , 34457 499 18 and and CC 34457 499 19 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 499 20 systems system NNS 34457 499 21 by by IN 34457 499 22 areas area NNS 34457 499 23 . . . 34457 500 1 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 500 2 between between IN 34457 500 3 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 500 4 and and CC 34457 500 5 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 500 6 . . . 34457 501 1 Vaporization vaporization NN 34457 501 2 Curve.--Consider Curve.--Consider VBZ 34457 501 3 in in IN 34457 501 4 the the DT 34457 501 5 first first JJ 34457 501 6 place place NN 34457 501 7 the the DT 34457 501 8 conditions condition NNS 34457 501 9 for for IN 34457 501 10 the the DT 34457 501 11 coexistence coexistence NN 34457 501 12 of of IN 34457 501 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 501 14 and and CC 34457 501 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 501 16 . . . 34457 502 1 According accord VBG 34457 502 2 to to IN 34457 502 3 the the DT 34457 502 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 502 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 502 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 502 7 p. p. NN 34457 502 8 16 16 CD 34457 502 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 502 10 , , , 34457 502 11 a a DT 34457 502 12 system system NN 34457 502 13 consisting consist VBG 34457 502 14 of of IN 34457 502 15 one one CD 34457 502 16 component component NN 34457 502 17 in in IN 34457 502 18 two two CD 34457 502 19 phases phase NNS 34457 502 20 has have VBZ 34457 502 21 one one CD 34457 502 22 degree degree NN 34457 502 23 of of IN 34457 502 24 freedom freedom NN 34457 502 25 , , , 34457 502 26 or or CC 34457 502 27 is be VBZ 34457 502 28 univariant univariant JJ 34457 502 29 . . . 34457 503 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 503 2 should should MD 34457 503 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 503 4 expect expect VB 34457 503 5 that that IN 34457 503 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 503 7 will will MD 34457 503 8 be be VB 34457 503 9 possible possible JJ 34457 503 10 for for IN 34457 503 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 503 12 water water NN 34457 503 13 to to TO 34457 503 14 coexist coexist VB 34457 503 15 with with IN 34457 503 16 water water NN 34457 503 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 503 18 at at IN 34457 503 19 different different JJ 34457 503 20 values value NNS 34457 503 21 of of IN 34457 503 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 503 23 and and CC 34457 503 24 { { -LRB- 34457 503 25 22 22 CD 34457 503 26 } } -RRB- 34457 503 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 503 28 , , , 34457 503 29 but but CC 34457 503 30 that that IN 34457 503 31 if if IN 34457 503 32 we -PRON- PRP 34457 503 33 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 503 34 fix fix VBP 34457 503 35 one one CD 34457 503 36 of of IN 34457 503 37 the the DT 34457 503 38 variable variable JJ 34457 503 39 factors factor NNS 34457 503 40 , , , 34457 503 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 503 42 , , , 34457 503 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 503 44 , , , 34457 503 45 or or CC 34457 503 46 volume volume NN 34457 503 47 ( ( -LRB- 34457 503 48 in in IN 34457 503 49 the the DT 34457 503 50 case case NN 34457 503 51 of of IN 34457 503 52 a a DT 34457 503 53 given give VBN 34457 503 54 mass mass NN 34457 503 55 of of IN 34457 503 56 substance substance NN 34457 503 57 ) ) -RRB- 34457 503 58 , , , 34457 503 59 the the DT 34457 503 60 state state NN 34457 503 61 of of IN 34457 503 62 the the DT 34457 503 63 system system NN 34457 503 64 will will MD 34457 503 65 then then RB 34457 503 66 be be VB 34457 503 67 defined define VBN 34457 503 68 . . . 34457 504 1 If if IN 34457 504 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 504 3 fix fix VBP 34457 504 4 , , , 34457 504 5 say say VBP 34457 504 6 , , , 34457 504 7 the the DT 34457 504 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 504 9 , , , 34457 504 10 then then RB 34457 504 11 the the DT 34457 504 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 504 13 will will MD 34457 504 14 have have VB 34457 504 15 a a DT 34457 504 16 definite definite JJ 34457 504 17 value value NN 34457 504 18 ; ; : 34457 504 19 or or CC 34457 504 20 if if IN 34457 504 21 we -PRON- PRP 34457 504 22 adopt adopt VBP 34457 504 23 a a DT 34457 504 24 certain certain JJ 34457 504 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 504 26 , , , 34457 504 27 the the DT 34457 504 28 liquid liquid NN 34457 504 29 and and CC 34457 504 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 504 31 can can MD 34457 504 32 coexist coexist VB 34457 504 33 only only RB 34457 504 34 at at IN 34457 504 35 a a DT 34457 504 36 certain certain JJ 34457 504 37 definite definite JJ 34457 504 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 504 39 . . . 34457 505 1 Each each DT 34457 505 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 505 3 , , , 34457 505 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 505 5 , , , 34457 505 6 will will MD 34457 505 7 correspond correspond VB 34457 505 8 to to IN 34457 505 9 a a DT 34457 505 10 definite definite JJ 34457 505 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 505 12 ; ; : 34457 505 13 and and CC 34457 505 14 if if IN 34457 505 15 in in IN 34457 505 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 505 17 diagram diagram NN 34457 505 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 505 19 join join VBP 34457 505 20 by by IN 34457 505 21 a a DT 34457 505 22 continuous continuous JJ 34457 505 23 line line NN 34457 505 24 all all PDT 34457 505 25 the the DT 34457 505 26 points point NNS 34457 505 27 indicating indicate VBG 34457 505 28 the the DT 34457 505 29 values value NNS 34457 505 30 of of IN 34457 505 31 the the DT 34457 505 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 505 33 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 505 34 to to IN 34457 505 35 the the DT 34457 505 36 different different JJ 34457 505 37 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 505 38 , , , 34457 505 39 we -PRON- PRP 34457 505 40 shall shall MD 34457 505 41 obtain obtain VB 34457 505 42 a a DT 34457 505 43 curve curve NN 34457 505 44 ( ( -LRB- 34457 505 45 Fig fig NN 34457 505 46 . . . 34457 506 1 1 1 LS 34457 506 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 506 3 representing represent VBG 34457 506 4 the the DT 34457 506 5 variation variation NN 34457 506 6 of of IN 34457 506 7 the the DT 34457 506 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 506 9 with with IN 34457 506 10 the the DT 34457 506 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 506 12 . . . 34457 507 1 This this DT 34457 507 2 is be VBZ 34457 507 3 the the DT 34457 507 4 curve curve NN 34457 507 5 of of IN 34457 507 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 507 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 507 8 , , , 34457 507 9 or or CC 34457 507 10 the the DT 34457 507 11 _ _ NNP 34457 507 12 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 507 13 curve curve NN 34457 507 14 _ _ NNP 34457 507 15 of of IN 34457 507 16 water water NN 34457 507 17 . . . 34457 508 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 508 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 508 3 : : : 34457 508 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 508 5 . . . 34457 509 1 1 1 LS 34457 509 2 . . . 34457 509 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 510 1 Now now RB 34457 510 2 , , , 34457 510 3 the the DT 34457 510 4 results result NNS 34457 510 5 of of IN 34457 510 6 experiment experiment NN 34457 510 7 are be VBP 34457 510 8 quite quite RB 34457 510 9 in in IN 34457 510 10 agreement agreement NN 34457 510 11 with with IN 34457 510 12 the the DT 34457 510 13 requirements requirement NNS 34457 510 14 of of IN 34457 510 15 the the DT 34457 510 16 Phase Phase NNP 34457 510 17 Rule Rule NNP 34457 510 18 , , , 34457 510 19 and and CC 34457 510 20 at at IN 34457 510 21 any any DT 34457 510 22 given give VBN 34457 510 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 510 24 the the DT 34457 510 25 system system NN 34457 510 26 water water NN 34457 510 27 -- -- : 34457 510 28 vapour vapour NNP 34457 510 29 can can MD 34457 510 30 exist exist VB 34457 510 31 in in IN 34457 510 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 510 33 only only RB 34457 510 34 under under IN 34457 510 35 a a DT 34457 510 36 definite definite JJ 34457 510 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 510 38 . . . 34457 511 1 The the DT 34457 511 2 vapour vapour JJ 34457 511 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 511 4 of of IN 34457 511 5 water water NN 34457 511 6 at at IN 34457 511 7 different different JJ 34457 511 8 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 511 9 has have VBZ 34457 511 10 been be VBN 34457 511 11 subjected subject VBN 34457 511 12 to to IN 34457 511 13 careful careful JJ 34457 511 14 measurement measurement NN 34457 511 15 by by IN 34457 511 16 Magnus,[22 Magnus,[22 NNP 34457 511 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 511 18 Regnault,[23 Regnault,[23 NNP 34457 511 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 511 20 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 511 21 and and CC 34457 511 22 Young,[24 young,[24 VB 34457 511 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 511 24 Juhlin,[25 juhlin,[25 NN 34457 511 25 ] ] -RRB- 34457 511 26 Thiesen Thiesen NNP 34457 511 27 and and CC 34457 511 28 Scheel,[26 Scheel,[26 NNP 34457 511 29 ] ] -RRB- 34457 511 30 and and CC 34457 511 31 others other NNS 34457 511 32 . . . 34457 512 1 In in IN 34457 512 2 the the DT 34457 512 3 following follow VBG 34457 512 4 table table NN 34457 512 5 the the DT 34457 512 6 values value NNS 34457 512 7 of of IN 34457 512 8 the the DT 34457 512 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 512 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 512 11 from from IN 34457 512 12 -10 -10 NNP 34457 512 13 ° ° NNS 34457 512 14 to to IN 34457 512 15 +100 +100â PRP$ 34457 512 16 ° ° NNS 34457 512 17 are be VBP 34457 512 18 those those DT 34457 512 19 calculated calculate VBN 34457 512 20 from from IN 34457 512 21 the the DT 34457 512 22 measurements measurement NNS 34457 512 23 of of IN 34457 512 24 Regnault Regnault NNP 34457 512 25 , , , 34457 512 26 corrected correct VBN 34457 512 27 by by IN 34457 512 28 the the DT 34457 512 29 measurements measurement NNS 34457 512 30 of of IN 34457 512 31 Wiebe Wiebe NNP 34457 512 32 and and CC 34457 512 33 Thiesen Thiesen NNP 34457 512 34 and and CC 34457 512 35 Scheel;[27 Scheel;[27 NNP 34457 512 36 ] ] -RRB- 34457 512 37 those those DT 34457 512 38 from from IN 34457 512 39 120 120â CD 34457 512 40 ° ° NNS 34457 512 41 to to IN 34457 512 42 270 270â CD 34457 512 43 ° ° NNS 34457 512 44 were be VBD 34457 512 45 determined determine VBN 34457 512 46 { { -LRB- 34457 512 47 23 23 CD 34457 512 48 } } -RRB- 34457 512 49 by by IN 34457 512 50 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 512 51 and and CC 34457 512 52 Young Young NNP 34457 512 53 , , , 34457 512 54 while while IN 34457 512 55 the the DT 34457 512 56 values value NNS 34457 512 57 of of IN 34457 512 58 the the DT 34457 512 59 critical critical JJ 34457 512 60 pressure pressure NN 34457 512 61 and and CC 34457 512 62 temperature temperature NN 34457 512 63 are be VBP 34457 512 64 those those DT 34457 512 65 determined determine VBN 34457 512 66 by by IN 34457 512 67 Battelli Battelli NNP 34457 512 68 . . . 34457 513 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 513 2 28 28 CD 34457 513 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 513 4 VAPOUR VAPOUR NNP 34457 513 5 PRESSURE PRESSURE NNP 34457 513 6 OF of IN 34457 513 7 WATER WATER NNP 34457 513 8 . . . 34457 514 1 -------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------- -------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------- NFP 34457 514 2 | | CD 34457 514 3 | | CD 34457 514 4 | | CD 34457 514 5 Temperature temperature NN 34457 514 6 . . . 34457 515 1 | | NNP 34457 515 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 515 3 in in IN 34457 515 4 cm cm NNP 34457 515 5 . . . 34457 516 1 | | NNS 34457 516 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 516 3 . . . 34457 517 1 | | NNP 34457 517 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 517 3 in in IN 34457 517 4 cm cm NNP 34457 517 5 . . . 34457 518 1 | | JJ 34457 518 2 mercury mercury NNP 34457 518 3 . . . 34457 519 1 | | JJ 34457 519 2 | | CD 34457 519 3 mercury mercury NN 34457 519 4 . . . 34457 520 1 -------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------- -------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------- NFP 34457 520 2 | | NNP 34457 520 3 | | NNP 34457 520 4 | | NNP 34457 520 5 -10 -10 NNP 34457 520 6 ° ° , 34457 520 7 | | NNP 34457 520 8 0.213 0.213 CD 34457 520 9 | | NNP 34457 520 10 120 120â CD 34457 520 11 ° ° , 34457 520 12 | | NNP 34457 520 13 148.4 148.4 CD 34457 520 14 0 0â NN 34457 520 15 ° ° , 34457 520 16 | | NNP 34457 520 17 0.458[29 0.458[29 NNP 34457 520 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 520 19 | | NNP 34457 520 20 130 130â CD 34457 520 21 ° ° , 34457 520 22 | | NNP 34457 520 23 201.9 201.9 CD 34457 520 24 +20 +20 NNS 34457 520 25 ° ° , 34457 520 26 | | CD 34457 520 27 1.752 1.752 CD 34457 520 28 | | CD 34457 520 29 150 150â CD 34457 520 30 ° ° , 34457 520 31 | | CD 34457 520 32 356.8 356.8 CD 34457 520 33 40 40â CD 34457 520 34 ° ° , 34457 520 35 | | CD 34457 520 36 5.516 5.516 CD 34457 520 37 | | CD 34457 520 38 200 200â CD 34457 520 39 ° ° , 34457 520 40 | | CD 34457 520 41 1162.5 1162.5 CD 34457 520 42 60 60 NNP 34457 520 43 ° ° , 34457 520 44 | | CD 34457 520 45 14.932 14.932 CD 34457 520 46 | | CD 34457 520 47 250 250â CD 34457 520 48 ° ° , 34457 520 49 | | CD 34457 520 50 2973.4 2973.4 CD 34457 520 51 80 80 NNP 34457 520 52 ° ° , 34457 520 53 | | CD 34457 520 54 35.54 35.54 CD 34457 520 55 | | NNP 34457 520 56 270 270 NNP 34457 520 57 ° ° , 34457 520 58 | | NNP 34457 520 59 4110.1 4110.1 CD 34457 520 60 100 100â CD 34457 520 61 ° ° , 34457 520 62 | | CD 34457 520 63 76.00 76.00 CD 34457 520 64 | | CD 34457 520 65 364.3 364.3â CD 34457 520 66 ° ° , 34457 520 67 | | CD 34457 520 68 14790.4 14790.4 CD 34457 520 69 ( ( -LRB- 34457 520 70 194.6 194.6 CD 34457 520 71 atm atm NN 34457 520 72 . . . 34457 520 73 ) ) -RRB- 34457 521 1 | | CD 34457 521 2 | | JJ 34457 521 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 521 4 critical critical JJ 34457 521 5 | | JJ 34457 521 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 521 7 critical critical JJ 34457 521 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 521 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 521 10 . . . 34457 522 1 | | NNS 34457 522 2 | | CD 34457 522 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 522 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 522 5 | | JJ 34457 522 6 -------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------- -------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------------- . 34457 522 7 The the DT 34457 522 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 522 9 is be VBZ 34457 522 10 , , , 34457 522 11 of of IN 34457 522 12 course course NN 34457 522 13 , , , 34457 522 14 independent independent JJ 34457 522 15 of of IN 34457 522 16 the the DT 34457 522 17 relative relative JJ 34457 522 18 or or CC 34457 522 19 absolute absolute JJ 34457 522 20 volumes volume NNS 34457 522 21 of of IN 34457 522 22 the the DT 34457 522 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 522 24 and and CC 34457 522 25 vapour vapour NN 34457 522 26 ; ; : 34457 522 27 on on IN 34457 522 28 increasing increase VBG 34457 522 29 the the DT 34457 522 30 volume volume NN 34457 522 31 at at IN 34457 522 32 constant constant JJ 34457 522 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 522 34 , , , 34457 522 35 a a DT 34457 522 36 certain certain JJ 34457 522 37 amount amount NN 34457 522 38 of of IN 34457 522 39 the the DT 34457 522 40 liquid liquid NN 34457 522 41 will will MD 34457 522 42 pass pass VB 34457 522 43 into into IN 34457 522 44 vapour vapour NN 34457 522 45 , , , 34457 522 46 and and CC 34457 522 47 the the DT 34457 522 48 pressure pressure NN 34457 522 49 will will MD 34457 522 50 regain regain VB 34457 522 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 522 52 former former JJ 34457 522 53 value value NN 34457 522 54 . . . 34457 523 1 If if IN 34457 523 2 , , , 34457 523 3 however however RB 34457 523 4 , , , 34457 523 5 the the DT 34457 523 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 523 7 be be VB 34457 523 8 permanently permanently RB 34457 523 9 maintained maintain VBN 34457 523 10 at at IN 34457 523 11 a a DT 34457 523 12 value value NN 34457 523 13 different different JJ 34457 523 14 from from IN 34457 523 15 that that DT 34457 523 16 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 523 17 to to IN 34457 523 18 the the DT 34457 523 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 523 20 employed employ VBN 34457 523 21 , , , 34457 523 22 then then RB 34457 523 23 either either RB 34457 523 24 all all PDT 34457 523 25 the the DT 34457 523 26 liquid liquid NN 34457 523 27 will will MD 34457 523 28 pass pass VB 34457 523 29 into into IN 34457 523 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 523 31 , , , 34457 523 32 or or CC 34457 523 33 all all PDT 34457 523 34 the the DT 34457 523 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 523 36 will will MD 34457 523 37 pass pass VB 34457 523 38 into into IN 34457 523 39 liquid liquid NN 34457 523 40 , , , 34457 523 41 and and CC 34457 523 42 we -PRON- PRP 34457 523 43 shall shall MD 34457 523 44 have have VB 34457 523 45 either either DT 34457 523 46 vapour vapour NN 34457 523 47 alone alone JJ 34457 523 48 or or CC 34457 523 49 liquid liquid JJ 34457 523 50 alone alone RB 34457 523 51 . . . 34457 524 1 Upper Upper NNP 34457 524 2 Limit Limit NNP 34457 524 3 of of IN 34457 524 4 Vaporization Vaporization NNP 34457 524 5 Curve.--On Curve.--On NNS 34457 524 6 continuing continue VBG 34457 524 7 to to TO 34457 524 8 add add VB 34457 524 9 heat heat NN 34457 524 10 to to IN 34457 524 11 water water NN 34457 524 12 contained contain VBN 34457 524 13 in in IN 34457 524 14 a a DT 34457 524 15 closed close VBN 34457 524 16 vessel vessel NN 34457 524 17 , , , 34457 524 18 the the DT 34457 524 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 524 20 of of IN 34457 524 21 the the DT 34457 524 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 524 23 will will MD 34457 524 24 gradually gradually RB 34457 524 25 increase increase VB 34457 524 26 . . . 34457 525 1 Since since IN 34457 525 2 with with IN 34457 525 3 increase increase NN 34457 525 4 of of IN 34457 525 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 525 6 the the DT 34457 525 7 density density NN 34457 525 8 of of IN 34457 525 9 the the DT 34457 525 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 525 11 must must MD 34457 525 12 increase increase VB 34457 525 13 , , , 34457 525 14 and and CC 34457 525 15 since since IN 34457 525 16 with with IN 34457 525 17 rise rise NN 34457 525 18 of of IN 34457 525 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 525 20 the the DT 34457 525 21 density density NN 34457 525 22 of of IN 34457 525 23 the the DT 34457 525 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 525 25 must must MD 34457 525 26 decrease decrease VB 34457 525 27 , , , 34457 525 28 a a DT 34457 525 29 point point NN 34457 525 30 will will MD 34457 525 31 be be VB 34457 525 32 reached reach VBN 34457 525 33 at at IN 34457 525 34 which which WDT 34457 525 35 the the DT 34457 525 36 density density NN 34457 525 37 of of IN 34457 525 38 liquid liquid NN 34457 525 39 and and CC 34457 525 40 vapour vapour NN 34457 525 41 become become VB 34457 525 42 identical identical JJ 34457 525 43 ; ; : 34457 525 44 the the DT 34457 525 45 system system NN 34457 525 46 ceases cease VBZ 34457 525 47 to to TO 34457 525 48 be be VB 34457 525 49 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 525 50 , , , 34457 525 51 and and CC 34457 525 52 passes pass VBZ 34457 525 53 into into IN 34457 525 54 one one CD 34457 525 55 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 525 56 phase phase NN 34457 525 57 . . . 34457 526 1 The the DT 34457 526 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 526 3 at at IN 34457 526 4 which which WDT 34457 526 5 this this DT 34457 526 6 occurs occur VBZ 34457 526 7 is be VBZ 34457 526 8 called call VBN 34457 526 9 the the DT 34457 526 10 _ _ NNP 34457 526 11 critical critical JJ 34457 526 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 526 13 _ _ NNP 34457 526 14 . . . 34457 527 1 To to IN 34457 527 2 this this DT 34457 527 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 527 4 there there EX 34457 527 5 will will MD 34457 527 6 , , , 34457 527 7 of of IN 34457 527 8 course course NN 34457 527 9 , , , 34457 527 10 correspond correspond VB 34457 527 11 a a DT 34457 527 12 certain certain JJ 34457 527 13 definite definite JJ 34457 527 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 527 15 , , , 34457 527 16 called call VBD 34457 527 17 the the DT 34457 527 18 _ _ NNP 34457 527 19 critical critical JJ 34457 527 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 527 21 _ _ NNP 34457 527 22 . . . 34457 528 1 The the DT 34457 528 2 curve curve NN 34457 528 3 representing represent VBG 34457 528 4 the the DT 34457 528 5 { { -LRB- 34457 528 6 24 24 CD 34457 528 7 } } -RRB- 34457 528 8 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 528 9 between between IN 34457 528 10 liquid liquid NN 34457 528 11 and and CC 34457 528 12 vapour vapour NN 34457 528 13 must must MD 34457 528 14 , , , 34457 528 15 therefore therefore RB 34457 528 16 , , , 34457 528 17 end end VBP 34457 528 18 abruptly abruptly RB 34457 528 19 at at IN 34457 528 20 the the DT 34457 528 21 critical critical JJ 34457 528 22 point point NN 34457 528 23 . . . 34457 529 1 At at IN 34457 529 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 529 3 above above IN 34457 529 4 this this DT 34457 529 5 point point NN 34457 529 6 no no DT 34457 529 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 529 8 , , , 34457 529 9 however however RB 34457 529 10 great great JJ 34457 529 11 , , , 34457 529 12 can can MD 34457 529 13 cause cause VB 34457 529 14 the the DT 34457 529 15 formation formation NN 34457 529 16 of of IN 34457 529 17 the the DT 34457 529 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 529 19 phase phase NN 34457 529 20 ; ; : 34457 529 21 at at IN 34457 529 22 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 529 23 above above IN 34457 529 24 the the DT 34457 529 25 critical critical JJ 34457 529 26 point point NN 34457 529 27 the the DT 34457 529 28 vapour vapour NN 34457 529 29 becomes become VBZ 34457 529 30 a a DT 34457 529 31 gas gas NN 34457 529 32 . . . 34457 530 1 In in IN 34457 530 2 the the DT 34457 530 3 case case NN 34457 530 4 of of IN 34457 530 5 water water NN 34457 530 6 , , , 34457 530 7 the the DT 34457 530 8 critical critical JJ 34457 530 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 530 10 is be VBZ 34457 530 11 364.3 364.3â CD 34457 530 12 ° ° NNS 34457 530 13 , , , 34457 530 14 and and CC 34457 530 15 the the DT 34457 530 16 critical critical JJ 34457 530 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 530 18 194.6 194.6 CD 34457 530 19 atm atm NN 34457 530 20 . . . 34457 531 1 ; ; : 34457 531 2 at at IN 34457 531 3 the the DT 34457 531 4 point point NN 34457 531 5 representing represent VBG 34457 531 6 these these DT 34457 531 7 conditions condition NNS 34457 531 8 the the DT 34457 531 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 531 10 - - HYPH 34457 531 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 531 12 curve curve NN 34457 531 13 of of IN 34457 531 14 water water NN 34457 531 15 must must MD 34457 531 16 cease cease VB 34457 531 17 . . . 34457 532 1 Sublimation Sublimation NNP 34457 532 2 Curve Curve NNP 34457 532 3 of of IN 34457 532 4 Ice.--Vapour ice.--vapour CD 34457 532 5 is be VBZ 34457 532 6 given give VBN 34457 532 7 off off RP 34457 532 8 not not RB 34457 532 9 only only RB 34457 532 10 by by IN 34457 532 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 532 12 water water NN 34457 532 13 , , , 34457 532 14 but but CC 34457 532 15 also also RB 34457 532 16 by by IN 34457 532 17 solid solid JJ 34457 532 18 water water NN 34457 532 19 , , , 34457 532 20 or or CC 34457 532 21 ice ice NN 34457 532 22 . . . 34457 533 1 That that IN 34457 533 2 this this DT 34457 533 3 is be VBZ 34457 533 4 so so RB 34457 533 5 is be VBZ 34457 533 6 familiar familiar JJ 34457 533 7 to to IN 34457 533 8 every every DT 34457 533 9 one one CD 34457 533 10 through through IN 34457 533 11 the the DT 34457 533 12 fact fact NN 34457 533 13 that that IN 34457 533 14 ice ice NN 34457 533 15 or or CC 34457 533 16 snow snow NN 34457 533 17 , , , 34457 533 18 even even RB 34457 533 19 at at IN 34457 533 20 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 533 21 below below IN 34457 533 22 the the DT 34457 533 23 melting melting NN 34457 533 24 point point NN 34457 533 25 , , , 34457 533 26 gradually gradually RB 34457 533 27 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 533 28 in in IN 34457 533 29 the the DT 34457 533 30 form form NN 34457 533 31 of of IN 34457 533 32 vapour vapour NN 34457 533 33 . . . 34457 534 1 Even even RB 34457 534 2 at at IN 34457 534 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 534 4 considerably considerably RB 34457 534 5 lower low JJR 34457 534 6 than than IN 34457 534 7 0 0â NN 34457 534 8 ° ° NNS 34457 534 9 , , , 34457 534 10 the the DT 34457 534 11 vapour vapour JJ 34457 534 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 534 13 of of IN 34457 534 14 ice ice NN 34457 534 15 , , , 34457 534 16 although although IN 34457 534 17 small small JJ 34457 534 18 , , , 34457 534 19 is be VBZ 34457 534 20 quite quite RB 34457 534 21 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 534 22 ; ; : 34457 534 23 and and CC 34457 534 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 534 25 is be VBZ 34457 534 26 possible possible JJ 34457 534 27 , , , 34457 534 28 therefore therefore RB 34457 534 29 , , , 34457 534 30 to to TO 34457 534 31 have have VB 34457 534 32 ice ice NN 34457 534 33 and and CC 34457 534 34 vapour vapour NN 34457 534 35 coexisting coexist VBG 34457 534 36 in in IN 34457 534 37 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 534 38 . . . 34457 535 1 When when WRB 34457 535 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 535 3 inquire inquire VBP 34457 535 4 into into IN 34457 535 5 the the DT 34457 535 6 conditions condition NNS 34457 535 7 under under IN 34457 535 8 which which WDT 34457 535 9 such such PDT 34457 535 10 a a DT 34457 535 11 system system NN 34457 535 12 can can MD 34457 535 13 exist exist VB 34457 535 14 , , , 34457 535 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 535 16 see see VBP 34457 535 17 again again RB 34457 535 18 that that IN 34457 535 19 we -PRON- PRP 34457 535 20 are be VBP 34457 535 21 dealing deal VBG 34457 535 22 with with IN 34457 535 23 a a DT 34457 535 24 univariant univariant JJ 34457 535 25 system system NN 34457 535 26 -- -- : 34457 535 27 one one CD 34457 535 28 component component NN 34457 535 29 existing exist VBG 34457 535 30 in in IN 34457 535 31 two two CD 34457 535 32 phases phase NNS 34457 535 33 -- -- : 34457 535 34 and and CC 34457 535 35 that that IN 34457 535 36 , , , 34457 535 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 535 38 , , , 34457 535 39 just just RB 34457 535 40 as as IN 34457 535 41 in in IN 34457 535 42 the the DT 34457 535 43 case case NN 34457 535 44 of of IN 34457 535 45 the the DT 34457 535 46 system system NN 34457 535 47 water water NN 34457 535 48 and and CC 34457 535 49 vapour vapour NN 34457 535 50 , , , 34457 535 51 there there EX 34457 535 52 will will MD 34457 535 53 be be VB 34457 535 54 for for IN 34457 535 55 each each DT 34457 535 56 temperature temperature NN 34457 535 57 a a DT 34457 535 58 certain certain JJ 34457 535 59 definite definite JJ 34457 535 60 pressure pressure NN 34457 535 61 of of IN 34457 535 62 the the DT 34457 535 63 vapour vapour NN 34457 535 64 , , , 34457 535 65 and and CC 34457 535 66 this this DT 34457 535 67 pressure pressure NN 34457 535 68 will will MD 34457 535 69 be be VB 34457 535 70 independent independent JJ 34457 535 71 of of IN 34457 535 72 the the DT 34457 535 73 relative relative JJ 34457 535 74 or or CC 34457 535 75 absolute absolute JJ 34457 535 76 amounts amount NNS 34457 535 77 of of IN 34457 535 78 the the DT 34457 535 79 solid solid JJ 34457 535 80 or or CC 34457 535 81 vapour vapour RB 34457 535 82 present present JJ 34457 535 83 , , , 34457 535 84 and and CC 34457 535 85 will will MD 34457 535 86 depend depend VB 34457 535 87 solely solely RB 34457 535 88 on on IN 34457 535 89 the the DT 34457 535 90 temperature temperature NN 34457 535 91 . . . 34457 536 1 Further further RB 34457 536 2 , , , 34457 536 3 just just RB 34457 536 4 as as IN 34457 536 5 in in IN 34457 536 6 the the DT 34457 536 7 case case NN 34457 536 8 of of IN 34457 536 9 the the DT 34457 536 10 vapour vapour JJ 34457 536 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 536 12 of of IN 34457 536 13 water water NN 34457 536 14 , , , 34457 536 15 the the DT 34457 536 16 condition condition NN 34457 536 17 of of IN 34457 536 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 536 19 between between IN 34457 536 20 ice ice NN 34457 536 21 and and CC 34457 536 22 water water NN 34457 536 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 536 24 will will MD 34457 536 25 be be VB 34457 536 26 represented represent VBN 34457 536 27 by by IN 34457 536 28 a a DT 34457 536 29 line line NN 34457 536 30 or or CC 34457 536 31 curve curve NN 34457 536 32 showing show VBG 34457 536 33 the the DT 34457 536 34 change change NN 34457 536 35 of of IN 34457 536 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 536 37 with with IN 34457 536 38 the the DT 34457 536 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 536 40 . . . 34457 537 1 Such such PDT 34457 537 2 a a DT 34457 537 3 curve curve NN 34457 537 4 , , , 34457 537 5 representing represent VBG 34457 537 6 the the DT 34457 537 7 conditions condition NNS 34457 537 8 of of IN 34457 537 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 537 10 between between IN 34457 537 11 a a DT 34457 537 12 solid solid JJ 34457 537 13 and and CC 34457 537 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 537 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 537 16 , , , 34457 537 17 is be VBZ 34457 537 18 called call VBN 34457 537 19 a a DT 34457 537 20 _ _ NNP 34457 537 21 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 537 22 curve curve NN 34457 537 23 _ _ NNP 34457 537 24 . . . 34457 538 1 At at IN 34457 538 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 538 3 represented represent VBN 34457 538 4 by by IN 34457 538 5 any any DT 34457 538 6 point point NN 34457 538 7 on on IN 34457 538 8 this this DT 34457 538 9 curve curve NN 34457 538 10 , , , 34457 538 11 the the DT 34457 538 12 solid solid JJ 34457 538 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 538 14 ice ice NN 34457 538 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 538 16 will will MD 34457 538 17 sublime sublime RB 34457 538 18 or or CC 34457 538 19 pass pass VB 34457 538 20 into into IN 34457 538 21 vapour vapour NN 34457 538 22 without without IN 34457 538 23 previously previously RB 34457 538 24 fusing fuse VBG 34457 538 25 . . . 34457 539 1 Since since IN 34457 539 2 ice ice NN 34457 539 3 melts melt NNS 34457 539 4 at at IN 34457 539 5 0 0â NN 34457 539 6 ° ° NNS 34457 539 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 539 8 _ _ NNP 34457 539 9 vide vide NN 34457 539 10 infra infra NNP 34457 539 11 _ _ NNP 34457 539 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 539 13 , , , 34457 539 14 the the DT 34457 539 15 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 539 16 curve curve NN 34457 539 17 must must MD 34457 539 18 end end VB 34457 539 19 at at IN 34457 539 20 that that DT 34457 539 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 539 22 . . . 34457 540 1 The the DT 34457 540 2 following follow VBG 34457 540 3 are be VBP 34457 540 4 the the DT 34457 540 5 values value NNS 34457 540 6 of of IN 34457 540 7 the the DT 34457 540 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 540 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 540 10 of of IN 34457 540 11 ice ice NN 34457 540 12 between between IN 34457 540 13 0 0â NN 34457 540 14 ° ° NNS 34457 540 15 and and CC 34457 540 16 -50 -50â NN 34457 540 17 ° ° NNS 34457 540 18 . . . 34457 541 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 541 2 30 30 CD 34457 541 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 541 4 { { -LRB- 34457 541 5 25 25 CD 34457 541 6 } } -RRB- 34457 541 7 VAPOUR VAPOUR NNP 34457 541 8 PRESSURE PRESSURE NNP 34457 541 9 OF of IN 34457 541 10 ICE ICE NNP 34457 541 11 . . . 34457 542 1 --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 542 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 542 3 . . . 34457 543 1 | | NNP 34457 543 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 543 3 in in IN 34457 543 4 mm mm NNP 34457 543 5 . . . 34457 544 1 | | NNS 34457 544 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 544 3 . . . 34457 545 1 | | NNP 34457 545 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 545 3 in in IN 34457 545 4 mm mm NNP 34457 545 5 . . . 34457 546 1 | | JJ 34457 546 2 mercury mercury NNP 34457 546 3 . . . 34457 547 1 | | JJ 34457 547 2 | | CD 34457 547 3 mercury mercury NN 34457 547 4 . . . 34457 548 1 -------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------- -------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------- : 34457 548 2 -50 -50 NNP 34457 548 3 ° ° , 34457 548 4 | | NNP 34457 548 5 0.050 0.050 CD 34457 548 6 | | NNP 34457 548 7 -8 -8 NNS 34457 548 8 ° ° , 34457 548 9 | | NNP 34457 548 10 2.379 2.379 CD 34457 548 11 -40 -40 NNP 34457 548 12 ° ° NNS 34457 548 13 | | CD 34457 548 14 0.121 0.121 CD 34457 548 15 | | CD 34457 548 16 -6 -6â CD 34457 548 17 ° ° , 34457 548 18 | | NNP 34457 548 19 2.821 2.821 CD 34457 548 20 -30 -30â VBP 34457 548 21 ° ° NNS 34457 548 22 | | CD 34457 548 23 0.312 0.312 CD 34457 548 24 | | NNP 34457 548 25 -4 -4 : 34457 548 26 ° ° , 34457 548 27 | | NNP 34457 548 28 3.334 3.334 CD 34457 548 29 -20 -20 NNP 34457 548 30 ° ° NNS 34457 548 31 | | NNP 34457 548 32 0.806 0.806 CD 34457 548 33 | | NNP 34457 548 34 -2 -2 : 34457 548 35 ° ° , 34457 548 36 | | NNP 34457 548 37 3.925 3.925 CD 34457 548 38 -15 -15 NNP 34457 548 39 ° ° , 34457 548 40 | | NNP 34457 548 41 1.279 1.279 CD 34457 548 42 | | CD 34457 548 43 0 0â NN 34457 548 44 ° ° NNS 34457 548 45 | | CD 34457 548 46 4.602 4.602 CD 34457 548 47 -10 -10 NNP 34457 548 48 ° ° , 34457 548 49 | | NNP 34457 548 50 1.999 1.999 CD 34457 548 51 | | CD 34457 548 52 | | CD 34457 548 53 ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- : 34457 548 54 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 548 55 between between IN 34457 548 56 Ice Ice NNP 34457 548 57 and and CC 34457 548 58 Water Water NNP 34457 548 59 . . . 34457 549 1 Curve curve NN 34457 549 2 of of IN 34457 549 3 Fusion.--There fusion.--there NN 34457 549 4 is be VBZ 34457 549 5 still still RB 34457 549 6 another another DT 34457 549 7 univariant univariant JJ 34457 549 8 system system NN 34457 549 9 of of IN 34457 549 10 the the DT 34457 549 11 one one CD 34457 549 12 component component NN 34457 549 13 water water NN 34457 549 14 , , , 34457 549 15 the the DT 34457 549 16 existence existence NN 34457 549 17 of of IN 34457 549 18 which which WDT 34457 549 19 , , , 34457 549 20 at at IN 34457 549 21 definite definite JJ 34457 549 22 values value NNS 34457 549 23 of of IN 34457 549 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 549 25 and and CC 34457 549 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 549 27 , , , 34457 549 28 the the DT 34457 549 29 Phase Phase NNP 34457 549 30 Rule Rule NNP 34457 549 31 allows allow VBZ 34457 549 32 us -PRON- PRP 34457 549 33 to to TO 34457 549 34 predict predict VB 34457 549 35 . . . 34457 550 1 This this DT 34457 550 2 is be VBZ 34457 550 3 the the DT 34457 550 4 system system NN 34457 550 5 solid solid JJ 34457 550 6 -- -- : 34457 550 7 liquid liquid NN 34457 550 8 . . . 34457 551 1 Ice ice NN 34457 551 2 on on IN 34457 551 3 being be VBG 34457 551 4 heated heat VBN 34457 551 5 to to IN 34457 551 6 a a DT 34457 551 7 certain certain JJ 34457 551 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 551 9 melts melt NNS 34457 551 10 and and CC 34457 551 11 passes pass VBZ 34457 551 12 into into IN 34457 551 13 the the DT 34457 551 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 551 15 state state NN 34457 551 16 ; ; : 34457 551 17 and and CC 34457 551 18 since since IN 34457 551 19 this this DT 34457 551 20 system system NN 34457 551 21 solid solid JJ 34457 551 22 -- -- : 34457 551 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 551 24 is be VBZ 34457 551 25 univariant univariant JJ 34457 551 26 , , , 34457 551 27 there there EX 34457 551 28 will will MD 34457 551 29 be be VB 34457 551 30 for for IN 34457 551 31 each each DT 34457 551 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 551 33 a a DT 34457 551 34 certain certain JJ 34457 551 35 definite definite JJ 34457 551 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 551 37 at at IN 34457 551 38 which which WDT 34457 551 39 ice ice NN 34457 551 40 and and CC 34457 551 41 water water NN 34457 551 42 can can MD 34457 551 43 coexist coexist VB 34457 551 44 or or CC 34457 551 45 be be VB 34457 551 46 in in IN 34457 551 47 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 551 48 , , , 34457 551 49 independently independently RB 34457 551 50 of of IN 34457 551 51 the the DT 34457 551 52 amounts amount NNS 34457 551 53 of of IN 34457 551 54 the the DT 34457 551 55 two two CD 34457 551 56 phases phase NNS 34457 551 57 present present JJ 34457 551 58 . . . 34457 552 1 Since since IN 34457 552 2 now now RB 34457 552 3 the the DT 34457 552 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 552 5 at at IN 34457 552 6 which which WDT 34457 552 7 the the DT 34457 552 8 solid solid JJ 34457 552 9 phase phase NN 34457 552 10 is be VBZ 34457 552 11 in in IN 34457 552 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 552 13 with with IN 34457 552 14 the the DT 34457 552 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 552 16 phase phase NN 34457 552 17 is be VBZ 34457 552 18 known know VBN 34457 552 19 as as IN 34457 552 20 the the DT 34457 552 21 melting melting NN 34457 552 22 point point NN 34457 552 23 or or CC 34457 552 24 point point NN 34457 552 25 of of IN 34457 552 26 fusion fusion NN 34457 552 27 of of IN 34457 552 28 the the DT 34457 552 29 solid solid JJ 34457 552 30 , , , 34457 552 31 the the DT 34457 552 32 curve curve NN 34457 552 33 representing represent VBG 34457 552 34 the the DT 34457 552 35 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 552 36 and and CC 34457 552 37 pressures pressure NNS 34457 552 38 at at IN 34457 552 39 which which WDT 34457 552 40 the the DT 34457 552 41 solid solid JJ 34457 552 42 and and CC 34457 552 43 liquid liquid NN 34457 552 44 are be VBP 34457 552 45 in in IN 34457 552 46 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 552 47 will will MD 34457 552 48 represent represent VB 34457 552 49 the the DT 34457 552 50 change change NN 34457 552 51 of of IN 34457 552 52 the the DT 34457 552 53 melting melting NN 34457 552 54 point point NN 34457 552 55 with with IN 34457 552 56 the the DT 34457 552 57 pressure pressure NN 34457 552 58 . . . 34457 553 1 Such such PDT 34457 553 2 a a DT 34457 553 3 curve curve NN 34457 553 4 is be VBZ 34457 553 5 called call VBN 34457 553 6 the the DT 34457 553 7 _ _ NNP 34457 553 8 curve curve NN 34457 553 9 of of IN 34457 553 10 fusion fusion NN 34457 553 11 _ _ NNP 34457 553 12 , , , 34457 553 13 or or CC 34457 553 14 the the DT 34457 553 15 melting melt VBG 34457 553 16 - - HYPH 34457 553 17 point point NN 34457 553 18 curve curve NN 34457 553 19 . . . 34457 554 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 554 2 was be VBD 34457 554 3 not not RB 34457 554 4 until until IN 34457 554 5 the the DT 34457 554 6 middle middle NN 34457 554 7 of of IN 34457 554 8 the the DT 34457 554 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 34457 554 10 century century NN 34457 554 11 that that IN 34457 554 12 this this DT 34457 554 13 connection connection NN 34457 554 14 between between IN 34457 554 15 the the DT 34457 554 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 554 17 and and CC 34457 554 18 the the DT 34457 554 19 melting melting NN 34457 554 20 point point NN 34457 554 21 , , , 34457 554 22 or or CC 34457 554 23 the the DT 34457 554 24 change change NN 34457 554 25 of of IN 34457 554 26 the the DT 34457 554 27 melting melting NN 34457 554 28 point point NN 34457 554 29 with with IN 34457 554 30 the the DT 34457 554 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 554 32 , , , 34457 554 33 was be VBD 34457 554 34 observed observe VBN 34457 554 35 . . . 34457 555 1 The the DT 34457 555 2 first first JJ 34457 555 3 to to TO 34457 555 4 recognize recognize VB 34457 555 5 the the DT 34457 555 6 existence existence NN 34457 555 7 of of IN 34457 555 8 such such PDT 34457 555 9 a a DT 34457 555 10 relationship relationship NN 34457 555 11 was be VBD 34457 555 12 James James NNP 34457 555 13 Thomson,[31 Thomson,[31 NFP 34457 555 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 555 15 who who WP 34457 555 16 in in IN 34457 555 17 1849 1849 CD 34457 555 18 showed show VBD 34457 555 19 that that IN 34457 555 20 from from IN 34457 555 21 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 555 22 considerations consideration NNS 34457 555 23 such such PDT 34457 555 24 a a DT 34457 555 25 relationship relationship NN 34457 555 26 must must MD 34457 555 27 exist exist VB 34457 555 28 , , , 34457 555 29 and and CC 34457 555 30 predicted predict VBD 34457 555 31 that that IN 34457 555 32 in in IN 34457 555 33 the the DT 34457 555 34 case case NN 34457 555 35 of of IN 34457 555 36 ice ice NN 34457 555 37 the the DT 34457 555 38 melting melting NN 34457 555 39 point point NN 34457 555 40 would would MD 34457 555 41 be be VB 34457 555 42 lowered lower VBN 34457 555 43 by by IN 34457 555 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 555 45 . . . 34457 556 1 This this DT 34457 556 2 prediction prediction NN 34457 556 3 was be VBD 34457 556 4 fully fully RB 34457 556 5 confirmed confirm VBN 34457 556 6 by by IN 34457 556 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 556 8 brother brother NN 34457 556 9 , , , 34457 556 10 W. W. NNP 34457 556 11 Thomson[32 Thomson[32 NNP 34457 556 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 556 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 556 14 Lord Lord NNP 34457 556 15 Kelvin Kelvin NNP 34457 556 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 556 17 , , , 34457 556 18 who who WP 34457 556 19 found find VBD 34457 556 20 that that IN 34457 556 21 under under IN 34457 556 22 a a DT 34457 556 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 556 24 { { -LRB- 34457 556 25 26 26 CD 34457 556 26 } } -RRB- 34457 556 27 of of IN 34457 556 28 8.1 8.1 CD 34457 556 29 atm atm NN 34457 556 30 . . . 34457 557 1 the the DT 34457 557 2 melting melting NN 34457 557 3 point point NN 34457 557 4 of of IN 34457 557 5 ice ice NN 34457 557 6 was be VBD 34457 557 7 -0.059 -0.059â NN 34457 557 8 ° ° NNS 34457 557 9 ; ; , 34457 557 10 under under IN 34457 557 11 a a DT 34457 557 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 557 13 of of IN 34457 557 14 16.8 16.8 CD 34457 557 15 atm atm NN 34457 557 16 . . . 34457 558 1 the the DT 34457 558 2 melting melting NN 34457 558 3 point point NN 34457 558 4 was be VBD 34457 558 5 -0.129 -0.129â NN 34457 558 6 ° ° NNP 34457 558 7 . . . 34457 559 1 The the DT 34457 559 2 experiments experiment NNS 34457 559 3 which which WDT 34457 559 4 were be VBD 34457 559 5 first first RB 34457 559 6 made make VBN 34457 559 7 in in IN 34457 559 8 this this DT 34457 559 9 connection connection NN 34457 559 10 were be VBD 34457 559 11 more more JJR 34457 559 12 of of IN 34457 559 13 a a DT 34457 559 14 qualitative qualitative JJ 34457 559 15 nature nature NN 34457 559 16 , , , 34457 559 17 but but CC 34457 559 18 in in IN 34457 559 19 recent recent JJ 34457 559 20 years year NNS 34457 559 21 careful careful JJ 34457 559 22 measurements measurement NNS 34457 559 23 of of IN 34457 559 24 the the DT 34457 559 25 influence influence NN 34457 559 26 of of IN 34457 559 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 559 28 on on IN 34457 559 29 the the DT 34457 559 30 melting melting NN 34457 559 31 point point NN 34457 559 32 of of IN 34457 559 33 ice ice NN 34457 559 34 have have VBP 34457 559 35 been be VBN 34457 559 36 made make VBN 34457 559 37 more more RBR 34457 559 38 especially especially RB 34457 559 39 by by IN 34457 559 40 Tammann,[33 Tammann,[33 NNP 34457 559 41 ] ] -RRB- 34457 559 42 and and CC 34457 559 43 the the DT 34457 559 44 results result NNS 34457 559 45 obtained obtain VBN 34457 559 46 by by IN 34457 559 47 him -PRON- PRP 34457 559 48 are be VBP 34457 559 49 given give VBN 34457 559 50 in in IN 34457 559 51 the the DT 34457 559 52 following follow VBG 34457 559 53 table table NN 34457 559 54 and and CC 34457 559 55 represented represent VBD 34457 559 56 graphically graphically RB 34457 559 57 in in IN 34457 559 58 Fig Fig NNP 34457 559 59 . . . 34457 560 1 2 2 LS 34457 560 2 . . . 34457 561 1 FUSION fusion NN 34457 561 2 PRESSURE PRESSURE NNP 34457 561 3 OF of IN 34457 561 4 ICE ICE NNP 34457 561 5 . . . 34457 562 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 562 2 | | NNS 34457 562 3 Pressure pressure NN 34457 562 4 in in IN 34457 562 5 kilogms kilogms NN 34457 562 6 . . . 34457 563 1 per per IN 34457 563 2 | | NNP 34457 563 3 Change Change NNP 34457 563 4 of of IN 34457 563 5 melting melt VBG 34457 563 6 point point NN 34457 563 7 for for IN 34457 563 8 Temperature temperature NN 34457 563 9 . . . 34457 564 1 | | NNP 34457 564 2 sq sq NNP 34457 564 3 . . . 34457 565 1 cm cm NNP 34457 565 2 . . . 34457 566 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 566 2 34 34 CD 34457 566 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 566 4 | | CD 34457 566 5 an an DT 34457 566 6 increase increase NN 34457 566 7 of of IN 34457 566 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 566 9 of of IN 34457 566 10 | | CD 34457 566 11 | | NNP 34457 566 12 1 1 CD 34457 566 13 kilogm kilogm NN 34457 566 14 . . . 34457 567 1 per per IN 34457 567 2 sq sq NNP 34457 567 3 . . . 34457 568 1 cm cm NNP 34457 568 2 . . . 34457 569 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 569 2 -0 -0 : 34457 569 3 ° ° NNS 34457 569 4 | | NNP 34457 569 5 1 1 CD 34457 569 6 | | CD 34457 569 7 -2.5 -2.5 NNS 34457 569 8 ° ° , 34457 569 9 | | NNP 34457 569 10 336 336 CD 34457 569 11 | | CD 34457 569 12 0.0074 0.0074â CD 34457 569 13 ° ° NNS 34457 569 14 -5 -5 . 34457 569 15 ° ° , 34457 569 16 | | NNP 34457 569 17 615 615 CD 34457 569 18 | | CD 34457 569 19 0.0090 0.0090â CD 34457 569 20 ° ° NNS 34457 569 21 -7.5 -7.5 NNP 34457 569 22 ° ° , 34457 569 23 | | NNP 34457 569 24 890 890 CD 34457 569 25 | | CD 34457 569 26 0.0091 0.0091â CD 34457 569 27 ° ° NNS 34457 569 28 -10.0 -10.0 : 34457 569 29 ° ° , 34457 569 30 | | CD 34457 569 31 1155 1155 CD 34457 569 32 | | CD 34457 569 33 0.0094 0.0094â CD 34457 569 34 ° ° NNS 34457 569 35 -12.5 -12.5 NNPS 34457 569 36 ° ° NNP 34457 569 37 | | NNP 34457 569 38 1410 1410 CD 34457 569 39 | | CD 34457 569 40 0.0100 0.0100â CD 34457 569 41 ° ° NNS 34457 569 42 -15.0 -15.0 NNPS 34457 569 43 ° ° NNP 34457 569 44 | | NNP 34457 569 45 1625 1625 CD 34457 569 46 | | CD 34457 569 47 0.0116 0.0116â CD 34457 569 48 ° ° NNS 34457 569 49 -17.5 -17.5 NNPS 34457 569 50 ° ° NNP 34457 569 51 | | NNP 34457 569 52 1835 1835 CD 34457 569 53 | | CD 34457 569 54 0.0119 0.0119â CD 34457 569 55 ° ° NNS 34457 569 56 -20.0 -20.0 NNP 34457 569 57 ° ° NNP 34457 569 58 | | NNP 34457 569 59 2042 2042 CD 34457 569 60 | | CD 34457 569 61 0.0121 0.0121â CD 34457 569 62 ° ° NNP 34457 569 63 -22.1 -22.1 NNP 34457 569 64 ° ° , 34457 569 65 | | NNP 34457 569 66 2200 2200 CD 34457 569 67 | | CD 34457 569 68 0.0133 0.0133â CD 34457 569 69 ° ° NNS 34457 569 70 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 569 71 From from IN 34457 569 72 the the DT 34457 569 73 numbers number NNS 34457 569 74 in in IN 34457 569 75 the the DT 34457 569 76 table table NN 34457 569 77 and and CC 34457 569 78 from from IN 34457 569 79 the the DT 34457 569 80 figure figure NN 34457 569 81 we -PRON- PRP 34457 569 82 see see VBP 34457 569 83 that that IN 34457 569 84 as as IN 34457 569 85 the the DT 34457 569 86 pressure pressure NN 34457 569 87 is be VBZ 34457 569 88 increased increase VBN 34457 569 89 the the DT 34457 569 90 melting melting NN 34457 569 91 point point NN 34457 569 92 of of IN 34457 569 93 ice ice NN 34457 569 94 is be VBZ 34457 569 95 lowered lower VBN 34457 569 96 ; ; : 34457 569 97 but but CC 34457 569 98 we -PRON- PRP 34457 569 99 also also RB 34457 569 100 observe observe VBP 34457 569 101 that that IN 34457 569 102 a a DT 34457 569 103 very very RB 34457 569 104 large large JJ 34457 569 105 change change NN 34457 569 106 of of IN 34457 569 107 pressure pressure NN 34457 569 108 is be VBZ 34457 569 109 required require VBN 34457 569 110 in in IN 34457 569 111 order order NN 34457 569 112 to to TO 34457 569 113 produce produce VB 34457 569 114 a a DT 34457 569 115 very very RB 34457 569 116 small small JJ 34457 569 117 change change NN 34457 569 118 in in IN 34457 569 119 the the DT 34457 569 120 melting melting NN 34457 569 121 point point NN 34457 569 122 . . . 34457 570 1 The the DT 34457 570 2 curve curve NN 34457 570 3 , , , 34457 570 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 570 5 , , , 34457 570 6 is be VBZ 34457 570 7 very very RB 34457 570 8 steep steep JJ 34457 570 9 . . . 34457 571 1 Increase increase NN 34457 571 2 of of IN 34457 571 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 571 4 by by IN 34457 571 5 one one CD 34457 571 6 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 571 7 lowers lower VBZ 34457 571 8 the the DT 34457 571 9 melting melting NN 34457 571 10 point point NN 34457 571 11 by by IN 34457 571 12 only only RB 34457 571 13 0.0076 0.0076â CD 34457 571 14 ° ° NNS 34457 571 15 ,[35 ,[35 . 34457 571 16 ] ] -RRB- 34457 571 17 or or CC 34457 571 18 an an DT 34457 571 19 increase increase NN 34457 571 20 of of IN 34457 571 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 571 22 of of IN 34457 571 23 135 135 CD 34457 571 24 atm atm NN 34457 571 25 . . . 34457 572 1 is be VBZ 34457 572 2 required require VBN 34457 572 3 to to TO 34457 572 4 produce produce VB 34457 572 5 a a DT 34457 572 6 lowering lowering NN 34457 572 7 of of IN 34457 572 8 the the DT 34457 572 9 melting melting NN 34457 572 10 point point NN 34457 572 11 of of IN 34457 572 12 1 1â JJ 34457 572 13 ° ° NNS 34457 572 14 . . . 34457 573 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 573 2 see see VBP 34457 573 3 further far RBR 34457 573 4 that that IN 34457 573 5 the the DT 34457 573 6 fusion fusion NN 34457 573 7 curve curve NN 34457 573 8 bends bend NNS 34457 573 9 slightly slightly RB 34457 573 10 as as IN 34457 573 11 the the DT 34457 573 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 573 13 is be VBZ 34457 573 14 increased increase VBN 34457 573 15 , , , 34457 573 16 which which WDT 34457 573 17 signifies signify VBZ 34457 573 18 that that IN 34457 573 19 the the DT 34457 573 20 variation variation NN 34457 573 21 of of IN 34457 573 22 { { -LRB- 34457 573 23 27 27 CD 34457 573 24 } } -RRB- 34457 573 25 the the DT 34457 573 26 melting melting NN 34457 573 27 point point NN 34457 573 28 with with IN 34457 573 29 the the DT 34457 573 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 573 31 changes change NNS 34457 573 32 ; ; : 34457 573 33 at at IN 34457 573 34 -15 -15 NNP 34457 573 35 ° ° NNS 34457 573 36 , , , 34457 573 37 when when WRB 34457 573 38 the the DT 34457 573 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 573 40 is be VBZ 34457 573 41 1625 1625 CD 34457 573 42 kilogm kilogm NN 34457 573 43 . . . 34457 574 1 per per IN 34457 574 2 sq sq NNP 34457 574 3 . . . 34457 575 1 cm cm NNP 34457 575 2 . . NNP 34457 575 3 , , , 34457 575 4 increase increase NN 34457 575 5 of of IN 34457 575 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 575 7 by by IN 34457 575 8 1 1 CD 34457 575 9 kilogm kilogm NN 34457 575 10 . . . 34457 576 1 per per IN 34457 576 2 sq sq NNP 34457 576 3 . . . 34457 577 1 cm cm NNP 34457 577 2 . . . 34457 578 1 lowers lower VBZ 34457 578 2 the the DT 34457 578 3 melting melting NN 34457 578 4 point point NN 34457 578 5 by by IN 34457 578 6 0.012 0.012 NNP 34457 578 7 ° ° NNP 34457 578 8 . . . 34457 579 1 This this DT 34457 579 2 curvature curvature NN 34457 579 3 of of IN 34457 579 4 the the DT 34457 579 5 fusion fusion NN 34457 579 6 curve curve NN 34457 579 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 579 8 shall shall MD 34457 579 9 later later RB 34457 579 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 579 11 Chap Chap NNP 34457 579 12 . . . 34457 580 1 IV IV NNP 34457 580 2 . . . 34457 580 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 581 1 see see VB 34457 581 2 to to TO 34457 581 3 be be VB 34457 581 4 an an DT 34457 581 5 almost almost RB 34457 581 6 universal universal JJ 34457 581 7 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 581 8 . . . 34457 582 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 582 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 582 3 : : : 34457 582 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 582 5 . . . 34457 583 1 2 2 LS 34457 583 2 . . . 34457 583 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 584 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 584 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 584 3 : : : 34457 584 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 584 5 . . . 34457 585 1 3 3 LS 34457 585 2 . . . 34457 585 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 586 1 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 586 2 between between IN 34457 586 3 Ice Ice NNP 34457 586 4 , , , 34457 586 5 Water Water NNP 34457 586 6 , , , 34457 586 7 and and CC 34457 586 8 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 586 9 . . . 34457 587 1 The the DT 34457 587 2 Triple Triple NNP 34457 587 3 Point.--On Point.--On NNS 34457 587 4 examining examine VBG 34457 587 5 the the DT 34457 587 6 vapour vapour JJ 34457 587 7 - - HYPH 34457 587 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 587 9 curves curve NNS 34457 587 10 of of IN 34457 587 11 ice ice NN 34457 587 12 and and CC 34457 587 13 water water NN 34457 587 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 587 15 Fig fig NN 34457 587 16 . . . 34457 588 1 3 3 LS 34457 588 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 588 3 , , , 34457 588 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 588 5 see see VBP 34457 588 6 that that IN 34457 588 7 at at IN 34457 588 8 a a DT 34457 588 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 588 10 of of IN 34457 588 11 about about IN 34457 588 12 0 0â NN 34457 588 13 ° ° NNS 34457 588 14 and and CC 34457 588 15 under under IN 34457 588 16 a a DT 34457 588 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 588 18 of of IN 34457 588 19 about about IN 34457 588 20 4.6 4.6 CD 34457 588 21 mm mm NNS 34457 588 22 . . . 34457 589 1 mercury mercury NNP 34457 589 2 , , , 34457 589 3 the the DT 34457 589 4 two two CD 34457 589 5 curves curve NNS 34457 589 6 cut cut NN 34457 589 7 . . . 34457 590 1 At at IN 34457 590 2 this this DT 34457 590 3 point point NN 34457 590 4 liquid liquid JJ 34457 590 5 water water NN 34457 590 6 and and CC 34457 590 7 solid solid JJ 34457 590 8 ice ice NN 34457 590 9 are be VBP 34457 590 10 each each DT 34457 590 11 in in IN 34457 590 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 590 13 with with IN 34457 590 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 590 15 at at IN 34457 590 16 the the DT 34457 590 17 same same JJ 34457 590 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 590 19 . . . 34457 591 1 Since since IN 34457 591 2 this this DT 34457 591 3 is be VBZ 34457 591 4 so so RB 34457 591 5 , , , 34457 591 6 they -PRON- PRP 34457 591 7 must must MD 34457 591 8 , , , 34457 591 9 of of IN 34457 591 10 course course NN 34457 591 11 , , , 34457 591 12 be be VB 34457 591 13 in in IN 34457 591 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 591 15 { { -LRB- 34457 591 16 28 28 CD 34457 591 17 } } -RRB- 34457 591 18 with with IN 34457 591 19 one one NN 34457 591 20 another another DT 34457 591 21 , , , 34457 591 22 as as IN 34457 591 23 experiment experiment NN 34457 591 24 also also RB 34457 591 25 shows show VBZ 34457 591 26 . . . 34457 592 1 At at IN 34457 592 2 this this DT 34457 592 3 point point NN 34457 592 4 , , , 34457 592 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 592 6 , , , 34457 592 7 ice ice NN 34457 592 8 , , , 34457 592 9 water water NN 34457 592 10 , , , 34457 592 11 and and CC 34457 592 12 vapour vapour RB 34457 592 13 can can MD 34457 592 14 be be VB 34457 592 15 in in IN 34457 592 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 592 17 , , , 34457 592 18 and and CC 34457 592 19 as as IN 34457 592 20 there there EX 34457 592 21 are be VBP 34457 592 22 three three CD 34457 592 23 phases phase NNS 34457 592 24 present present JJ 34457 592 25 , , , 34457 592 26 the the DT 34457 592 27 point point NN 34457 592 28 is be VBZ 34457 592 29 called call VBN 34457 592 30 a a DT 34457 592 31 _ _ NN 34457 592 32 triple triple JJ 34457 592 33 point point NN 34457 592 34 _ _ NNP 34457 592 35 . . . 34457 593 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 593 2 36 36 CD 34457 593 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 593 4 The the DT 34457 593 5 triple triple JJ 34457 593 6 point point NN 34457 593 7 , , , 34457 593 8 however however RB 34457 593 9 , , , 34457 593 10 does do VBZ 34457 593 11 not not RB 34457 593 12 lie lie VB 34457 593 13 exactly exactly RB 34457 593 14 at at IN 34457 593 15 0 0â NN 34457 593 16 ° ° NNP 34457 593 17 C. C. NNP 34457 593 18 , , , 34457 593 19 for for IN 34457 593 20 this this DT 34457 593 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 593 22 is be VBZ 34457 593 23 defined define VBN 34457 593 24 as as IN 34457 593 25 the the DT 34457 593 26 melting melting NN 34457 593 27 point point NN 34457 593 28 of of IN 34457 593 29 ice ice NN 34457 593 30 under under IN 34457 593 31 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 593 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 593 33 . . . 34457 594 1 At at IN 34457 594 2 the the DT 34457 594 3 triple triple JJ 34457 594 4 point point NN 34457 594 5 , , , 34457 594 6 however however RB 34457 594 7 , , , 34457 594 8 the the DT 34457 594 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 594 10 is be VBZ 34457 594 11 equal equal JJ 34457 594 12 to to IN 34457 594 13 the the DT 34457 594 14 vapour vapour JJ 34457 594 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 594 16 of of IN 34457 594 17 ice ice NN 34457 594 18 and and CC 34457 594 19 water water NN 34457 594 20 , , , 34457 594 21 and and CC 34457 594 22 this this DT 34457 594 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 594 24 , , , 34457 594 25 as as IN 34457 594 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 594 27 see see VBP 34457 594 28 from from IN 34457 594 29 the the DT 34457 594 30 tables table NNS 34457 594 31 on on IN 34457 594 32 pp pp NNP 34457 594 33 . . . 34457 595 1 21 21 CD 34457 595 2 and and CC 34457 595 3 23 23 CD 34457 595 4 , , , 34457 595 5 is be VBZ 34457 595 6 very very RB 34457 595 7 nearly nearly RB 34457 595 8 4.6 4.6 CD 34457 595 9 mm mm NNP 34457 595 10 . . NNP 34457 595 11 , , , 34457 595 12 or or CC 34457 595 13 almost almost RB 34457 595 14 1 1 CD 34457 595 15 atm atm NN 34457 595 16 . . . 34457 596 1 less less JJR 34457 596 2 than than IN 34457 596 3 in in IN 34457 596 4 the the DT 34457 596 5 previous previous JJ 34457 596 6 case case NN 34457 596 7 . . . 34457 597 1 Now now RB 34457 597 2 , , , 34457 597 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 597 4 have have VBP 34457 597 5 just just RB 34457 597 6 seen see VBN 34457 597 7 that that IN 34457 597 8 a a DT 34457 597 9 change change NN 34457 597 10 of of IN 34457 597 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 597 12 of of IN 34457 597 13 1 1 CD 34457 597 14 atm atm NN 34457 597 15 . . . 34457 598 1 corresponds correspond NNS 34457 598 2 to to IN 34457 598 3 a a DT 34457 598 4 change change NN 34457 598 5 of of IN 34457 598 6 the the DT 34457 598 7 melting melting NN 34457 598 8 point point NN 34457 598 9 of of IN 34457 598 10 0.0076 0.0076â CD 34457 598 11 ° ° NNS 34457 598 12 ; ; : 34457 598 13 the the DT 34457 598 14 melting melting NN 34457 598 15 point point NN 34457 598 16 of of IN 34457 598 17 ice ice NN 34457 598 18 , , , 34457 598 19 therefore therefore RB 34457 598 20 , , , 34457 598 21 when when WRB 34457 598 22 under under IN 34457 598 23 the the DT 34457 598 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 598 25 of of IN 34457 598 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 598 27 own own JJ 34457 598 28 vapour vapour NN 34457 598 29 , , , 34457 598 30 will will MD 34457 598 31 be be VB 34457 598 32 very very RB 34457 598 33 nearly nearly RB 34457 598 34 +0.0076 +0.0076â JJ 34457 598 35 ° ° NNS 34457 598 36 , , , 34457 598 37 and and CC 34457 598 38 the the DT 34457 598 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 598 40 of of IN 34457 598 41 the the DT 34457 598 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 598 43 will will MD 34457 598 44 be be VB 34457 598 45 very very RB 34457 598 46 slightly slightly RB 34457 598 47 greater great JJR 34457 598 48 than than IN 34457 598 49 4.579 4.579 CD 34457 598 50 mm mm NNP 34457 598 51 . . NNP 34457 598 52 , , , 34457 598 53 which which WDT 34457 598 54 is be VBZ 34457 598 55 the the DT 34457 598 56 pressure pressure NN 34457 598 57 at at IN 34457 598 58 0 0â NN 34457 598 59 ° ° NNS 34457 598 60 ( ( -LRB- 34457 598 61 p. p. NN 34457 598 62 21 21 CD 34457 598 63 ) ) -RRB- 34457 598 64 . . . 34457 599 1 The the DT 34457 599 2 difference difference NN 34457 599 3 is be VBZ 34457 599 4 , , , 34457 599 5 however however RB 34457 599 6 , , , 34457 599 7 slight slight JJ 34457 599 8 , , , 34457 599 9 and and CC 34457 599 10 may may MD 34457 599 11 be be VB 34457 599 12 neglected neglect VBN 34457 599 13 here here RB 34457 599 14 . . . 34457 600 1 At at IN 34457 600 2 the the DT 34457 600 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 600 4 , , , 34457 600 5 then then RB 34457 600 6 , , , 34457 600 7 of of IN 34457 600 8 +0.0076 +0.0076â JJ 34457 600 9 ° ° NNS 34457 600 10 , , , 34457 600 11 and and CC 34457 600 12 under under IN 34457 600 13 a a DT 34457 600 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 600 15 of of IN 34457 600 16 4.6 4.6 CD 34457 600 17 mm mm NNS 34457 600 18 . . . 34457 601 1 of of IN 34457 601 2 mercury mercury NNP 34457 601 3 , , , 34457 601 4 ice ice NN 34457 601 5 , , , 34457 601 6 water water NN 34457 601 7 , , , 34457 601 8 and and CC 34457 601 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 601 10 will will MD 34457 601 11 be be VB 34457 601 12 in in IN 34457 601 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 601 14 ; ; : 34457 601 15 the the DT 34457 601 16 point point NN 34457 601 17 in in IN 34457 601 18 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 601 19 diagram diagram NN 34457 601 20 representing represent VBG 34457 601 21 this this DT 34457 601 22 particular particular JJ 34457 601 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 601 24 and and CC 34457 601 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 601 26 is be VBZ 34457 601 27 , , , 34457 601 28 therefore therefore RB 34457 601 29 , , , 34457 601 30 the the DT 34457 601 31 triple triple JJ 34457 601 32 point point NN 34457 601 33 of of IN 34457 601 34 the the DT 34457 601 35 system system NN 34457 601 36 ice ice NN 34457 601 37 -- -- : 34457 601 38 water water NN 34457 601 39 -- -- : 34457 601 40 vapour vapour NN 34457 601 41 . . . 34457 602 1 Since since IN 34457 602 2 at at IN 34457 602 3 the the DT 34457 602 4 triple triple JJ 34457 602 5 point point NN 34457 602 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 602 7 have have VBP 34457 602 8 three three CD 34457 602 9 phases phase NNS 34457 602 10 of of IN 34457 602 11 one one CD 34457 602 12 component component NN 34457 602 13 , , , 34457 602 14 the the DT 34457 602 15 system system NN 34457 602 16 at at IN 34457 602 17 this this DT 34457 602 18 point point NN 34457 602 19 is be VBZ 34457 602 20 invariant invariant JJ 34457 602 21 -- -- : 34457 602 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 602 23 possesses possess VBZ 34457 602 24 no no DT 34457 602 25 degrees degree NNS 34457 602 26 of of IN 34457 602 27 freedom freedom NN 34457 602 28 . . . 34457 603 1 If if IN 34457 603 2 the the DT 34457 603 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 603 4 is be VBZ 34457 603 5 changed change VBN 34457 603 6 , , , 34457 603 7 the the DT 34457 603 8 system system NN 34457 603 9 will will MD 34457 603 10 undergo undergo VB 34457 603 11 alteration alteration NN 34457 603 12 in in IN 34457 603 13 such such PDT 34457 603 14 a a DT 34457 603 15 way way NN 34457 603 16 that that WDT 34457 603 17 one one CD 34457 603 18 of of IN 34457 603 19 the the DT 34457 603 20 phases phase NNS 34457 603 21 will will MD 34457 603 22 disappear disappear VB 34457 603 23 , , , 34457 603 24 and and CC 34457 603 25 a a DT 34457 603 26 univariant univariant JJ 34457 603 27 system system NN 34457 603 28 will will MD 34457 603 29 result result VB 34457 603 30 ; ; : 34457 603 31 if if IN 34457 603 32 heat heat NN 34457 603 33 be be VB 34457 603 34 added add VBN 34457 603 35 , , , 34457 603 36 ice ice NN 34457 603 37 will will MD 34457 603 38 melt melt VB 34457 603 39 , , , 34457 603 40 and and CC 34457 603 41 we -PRON- PRP 34457 603 42 shall shall MD 34457 603 43 have have VB 34457 603 44 left leave VBN 34457 603 45 water water NN 34457 603 46 and and CC 34457 603 47 vapour vapour NN 34457 603 48 ; ; : 34457 603 49 if if IN 34457 603 50 heat heat NN 34457 603 51 be be VB 34457 603 52 abstracted abstract VBN 34457 603 53 , , , 34457 603 54 water water NN 34457 603 55 will will MD 34457 603 56 freeze freeze VB 34457 603 57 , , , 34457 603 58 and and CC 34457 603 59 we -PRON- PRP 34457 603 60 shall shall MD 34457 603 61 have have VB 34457 603 62 left leave VBN 34457 603 63 ice ice NN 34457 603 64 and and CC 34457 603 65 vapour vapour NN 34457 603 66 ; ; : 34457 603 67 if if IN 34457 603 68 , , , 34457 603 69 when when WRB 34457 603 70 the the DT 34457 603 71 temperature temperature NN 34457 603 72 is be VBZ 34457 603 73 altered alter VBN 34457 603 74 , , , 34457 603 75 the the DT 34457 603 76 pressure pressure NN 34457 603 77 is be VBZ 34457 603 78 kept keep VBN 34457 603 79 constant constant JJ 34457 603 80 , , , 34457 603 81 then then RB 34457 603 82 we -PRON- PRP 34457 603 83 shall shall MD 34457 603 84 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 603 85 obtain obtain VB 34457 603 86 only only RB 34457 603 87 one one CD 34457 603 88 phase phase NN 34457 603 89 ( ( -LRB- 34457 603 90 see see VB 34457 603 91 Chap Chap NNP 34457 603 92 . . . 34457 604 1 IV IV NNP 34457 604 2 . . . 34457 604 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 604 4 . . . 34457 605 1 The the DT 34457 605 2 triple triple JJ 34457 605 3 point point NN 34457 605 4 is be VBZ 34457 605 5 not not RB 34457 605 6 only only RB 34457 605 7 the the DT 34457 605 8 point point NN 34457 605 9 of of IN 34457 605 10 intersection intersection NN 34457 605 11 of of IN 34457 605 12 the the DT 34457 605 13 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 605 14 and and CC 34457 605 15 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 605 16 curves curve NNS 34457 605 17 , , , 34457 605 18 but but CC 34457 605 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 605 20 is be VBZ 34457 605 21 also also RB 34457 605 22 the the DT 34457 605 23 end end NN 34457 605 24 - - HYPH 34457 605 25 point point NN 34457 605 26 of of IN 34457 605 27 the the DT 34457 605 28 fusion fusion NN 34457 605 29 curve curve NN 34457 605 30 . . . 34457 606 1 The the DT 34457 606 2 fusion fusion NN 34457 606 3 curve curve NN 34457 606 4 , , , 34457 606 5 as as IN 34457 606 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 606 7 have have VBP 34457 606 8 seen see VBN 34457 606 9 , , , 34457 606 10 is be VBZ 34457 606 11 the the DT 34457 606 12 curve curve NN 34457 606 13 of of IN 34457 606 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 606 15 between between IN 34457 606 16 ice ice NN 34457 606 17 and and CC 34457 606 18 water water NN 34457 606 19 ; ; : 34457 606 20 and and CC 34457 606 21 since since IN 34457 606 22 at at IN 34457 606 23 the the DT 34457 606 24 triple triple JJ 34457 606 25 point point NN 34457 606 26 ice ice NN 34457 606 27 and and CC 34457 606 28 water water NN 34457 606 29 are be VBP 34457 606 30 each each DT 34457 606 31 in in IN 34457 606 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 606 33 with with IN 34457 606 34 { { -LRB- 34457 606 35 29 29 CD 34457 606 36 } } -RRB- 34457 606 37 vapour vapour NN 34457 606 38 of of IN 34457 606 39 the the DT 34457 606 40 same same JJ 34457 606 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 606 42 , , , 34457 606 43 they -PRON- PRP 34457 606 44 must must MD 34457 606 45 , , , 34457 606 46 of of IN 34457 606 47 course course NN 34457 606 48 , , , 34457 606 49 also also RB 34457 606 50 be be VB 34457 606 51 in in IN 34457 606 52 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 606 53 with with IN 34457 606 54 one one CD 34457 606 55 another another DT 34457 606 56 . . . 34457 607 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 607 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 607 3 : : : 34457 607 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 607 5 . . . 34457 608 1 4 4 LS 34457 608 2 . . . 34457 608 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 609 1 Bivariant Bivariant NNP 34457 609 2 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 609 3 of of IN 34457 609 4 Water.--If Water.--If NNP 34457 609 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 609 6 examine examine VBP 34457 609 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 609 8 . . . 34457 610 1 4 4 LS 34457 610 2 , , , 34457 610 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 610 4 see see VBP 34457 610 5 that that IN 34457 610 6 the the DT 34457 610 7 curves curve NNS 34457 610 8 OA OA NNP 34457 610 9 , , , 34457 610 10 OB OB NNP 34457 610 11 , , , 34457 610 12 OC OC NNP 34457 610 13 , , , 34457 610 14 which which WDT 34457 610 15 represent represent VBP 34457 610 16 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 610 17 the the DT 34457 610 18 conditions condition NNS 34457 610 19 under under IN 34457 610 20 which which WDT 34457 610 21 water water NN 34457 610 22 and and CC 34457 610 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 610 24 , , , 34457 610 25 ice ice NN 34457 610 26 and and CC 34457 610 27 vapour vapour NN 34457 610 28 , , , 34457 610 29 and and CC 34457 610 30 water water NN 34457 610 31 and and CC 34457 610 32 ice ice NN 34457 610 33 are be VBP 34457 610 34 in in IN 34457 610 35 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 610 36 , , , 34457 610 37 form form VB 34457 610 38 the the DT 34457 610 39 boundaries boundary NNS 34457 610 40 of of IN 34457 610 41 three three CD 34457 610 42 " " `` 34457 610 43 fields field NNS 34457 610 44 , , , 34457 610 45 " " '' 34457 610 46 or or CC 34457 610 47 areas area NNS 34457 610 48 , , , 34457 610 49 I. I. NNP 34457 610 50 , , , 34457 610 51 II II NNP 34457 610 52 . . NNP 34457 610 53 , , , 34457 610 54 III iii CD 34457 610 55 . . . 34457 611 1 These these DT 34457 611 2 areas area NNS 34457 611 3 , , , 34457 611 4 now now RB 34457 611 5 , , , 34457 611 6 represent represent VB 34457 611 7 the the DT 34457 611 8 conditions condition NNS 34457 611 9 for for IN 34457 611 10 the the DT 34457 611 11 existence existence NN 34457 611 12 of of IN 34457 611 13 the the DT 34457 611 14 single single JJ 34457 611 15 phases phase NNS 34457 611 16 , , , 34457 611 17 solid solid JJ 34457 611 18 , , , 34457 611 19 liquid liquid JJ 34457 611 20 , , , 34457 611 21 and and CC 34457 611 22 vapour vapour RB 34457 611 23 respectively respectively RB 34457 611 24 . . . 34457 612 1 At at IN 34457 612 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 612 3 and and CC 34457 612 4 pressures pressure NNS 34457 612 5 represented represent VBN 34457 612 6 by by IN 34457 612 7 any any DT 34457 612 8 point point NN 34457 612 9 in in IN 34457 612 10 the the DT 34457 612 11 field field NN 34457 612 12 I. i. NN 34457 612 13 , , , 34457 612 14 solid solid JJ 34457 612 15 only only RB 34457 612 16 can can MD 34457 612 17 exist exist VB 34457 612 18 as as IN 34457 612 19 a a DT 34457 612 20 stable stable JJ 34457 612 21 phase phase NN 34457 612 22 . . . 34457 613 1 Since since IN 34457 613 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 613 3 have have VBP 34457 613 4 here here RB 34457 613 5 one one CD 34457 613 6 component component NN 34457 613 7 in in IN 34457 613 8 only only RB 34457 613 9 one one CD 34457 613 10 phase phase NN 34457 613 11 , , , 34457 613 12 the the DT 34457 613 13 system system NN 34457 613 14 is be VBZ 34457 613 15 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 613 16 , , , 34457 613 17 and and CC 34457 613 18 at at IN 34457 613 19 any any DT 34457 613 20 given give VBN 34457 613 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 613 22 , , , 34457 613 23 therefore therefore RB 34457 613 24 , , , 34457 613 25 ice ice NN 34457 613 26 can can MD 34457 613 27 exist exist VB 34457 613 28 under under IN 34457 613 29 a a DT 34457 613 30 series series NN 34457 613 31 of of IN 34457 613 32 pressures pressure NNS 34457 613 33 ; ; : 34457 613 34 and and CC 34457 613 35 under under IN 34457 613 36 any any DT 34457 613 37 given give VBN 34457 613 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 613 39 , , , 34457 613 40 at at IN 34457 613 41 a a DT 34457 613 42 series series NN 34457 613 43 of of IN 34457 613 44 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 613 45 , , , 34457 613 46 these these DT 34457 613 47 pressures pressure NNS 34457 613 48 and and CC 34457 613 49 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 613 50 being be VBG 34457 613 51 limited limit VBN 34457 613 52 only only RB 34457 613 53 by by IN 34457 613 54 the the DT 34457 613 55 curves curve NNS 34457 613 56 OB OB NNP 34457 613 57 , , , 34457 613 58 OC OC NNP 34457 613 59 . . . 34457 614 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 614 2 also also RB 34457 614 3 with with IN 34457 614 4 the the DT 34457 614 5 areas area NNS 34457 614 6 II ii CD 34457 614 7 . . . 34457 615 1 and and CC 34457 615 2 III III NNP 34457 615 3 . . . 34457 616 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 616 2 see see VBP 34457 616 3 , , , 34457 616 4 further further RB 34457 616 5 , , , 34457 616 6 that that IN 34457 616 7 the the DT 34457 616 8 different different JJ 34457 616 9 areas area NNS 34457 616 10 are be VBP 34457 616 11 the the DT 34457 616 12 regions region NNS 34457 616 13 of of IN 34457 616 14 stability stability NN 34457 616 15 of of IN 34457 616 16 the the DT 34457 616 17 phase phase NN 34457 616 18 common common JJ 34457 616 19 to to IN 34457 616 20 the the DT 34457 616 21 two two CD 34457 616 22 curves curve NNS 34457 616 23 by by IN 34457 616 24 which which WDT 34457 616 25 the the DT 34457 616 26 area area NN 34457 616 27 is be VBZ 34457 616 28 enclosed enclose VBN 34457 616 29 . . . 34457 617 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 617 2 37 37 CD 34457 617 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 617 4 Thus thus RB 34457 617 5 , , , 34457 617 6 the the DT 34457 617 7 phase phase NN 34457 617 8 common common JJ 34457 617 9 to to IN 34457 617 10 the the DT 34457 617 11 two two CD 34457 617 12 systems system NNS 34457 617 13 { { -LRB- 34457 617 14 30 30 CD 34457 617 15 } } -RRB- 34457 617 16 represented represent VBN 34457 617 17 by by IN 34457 617 18 BO BO NNP 34457 617 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 617 20 ice ice NN 34457 617 21 and and CC 34457 617 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 617 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 617 24 , , , 34457 617 25 and and CC 34457 617 26 OA OA NNP 34457 617 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 617 28 water water NN 34457 617 29 and and CC 34457 617 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 617 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 617 32 is be VBZ 34457 617 33 the the DT 34457 617 34 vapour vapour JJ 34457 617 35 phase phase NN 34457 617 36 ; ; : 34457 617 37 and and CC 34457 617 38 the the DT 34457 617 39 area area NN 34457 617 40 BOA BOA NNP 34457 617 41 is be VBZ 34457 617 42 therefore therefore RB 34457 617 43 the the DT 34457 617 44 area area NN 34457 617 45 of of IN 34457 617 46 the the DT 34457 617 47 vapour vapour NNP 34457 617 48 phase phase NN 34457 617 49 . . . 34457 618 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 618 2 , , , 34457 618 3 BOC BOC NNP 34457 618 4 is be VBZ 34457 618 5 the the DT 34457 618 6 area area NN 34457 618 7 of of IN 34457 618 8 the the DT 34457 618 9 ice ice NN 34457 618 10 phase phase NN 34457 618 11 , , , 34457 618 12 and and CC 34457 618 13 COA coa VB 34457 618 14 the the DT 34457 618 15 area area NN 34457 618 16 of of IN 34457 618 17 the the DT 34457 618 18 water water NN 34457 618 19 phase phase NN 34457 618 20 . . . 34457 619 1 Supercooled Supercooled NNP 34457 619 2 Water Water NNP 34457 619 3 . . . 34457 620 1 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 620 2 State.--When State.--When NNS 34457 620 3 heated heat VBN 34457 620 4 under under IN 34457 620 5 the the DT 34457 620 6 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 620 7 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 620 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 620 9 , , , 34457 620 10 ice ice NN 34457 620 11 melts melt NNS 34457 620 12 when when WRB 34457 620 13 the the DT 34457 620 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 620 15 reaches reach VBZ 34457 620 16 0 0â NN 34457 620 17 ° ° NNS 34457 620 18 , , , 34457 620 19 and and CC 34457 620 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 620 21 has have VBZ 34457 620 22 so so RB 34457 620 23 far far RB 34457 620 24 not not RB 34457 620 25 been be VBN 34457 620 26 found find VBN 34457 620 27 possible possible JJ 34457 620 28 to to TO 34457 620 29 raise raise VB 34457 620 30 the the DT 34457 620 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 620 32 of of IN 34457 620 33 ice ice NN 34457 620 34 above above IN 34457 620 35 this this DT 34457 620 36 point point NN 34457 620 37 without without IN 34457 620 38 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 620 39 taking take VBG 34457 620 40 place place NN 34457 620 41 . . . 34457 621 1 On on IN 34457 621 2 the the DT 34457 621 3 other other JJ 34457 621 4 hand hand NN 34457 621 5 , , , 34457 621 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 621 7 has have VBZ 34457 621 8 long long RB 34457 621 9 been be VBN 34457 621 10 known know VBN 34457 621 11 that that DT 34457 621 12 water water NN 34457 621 13 can can MD 34457 621 14 be be VB 34457 621 15 cooled cool VBN 34457 621 16 below below IN 34457 621 17 zero zero CD 34457 621 18 without without IN 34457 621 19 solidification solidification NN 34457 621 20 occurring occurring NN 34457 621 21 . . . 34457 622 1 This this DT 34457 622 2 was be VBD 34457 622 3 first first RB 34457 622 4 discovered discover VBN 34457 622 5 in in IN 34457 622 6 1724 1724 CD 34457 622 7 by by IN 34457 622 8 Fahrenheit,[38 Fahrenheit,[38 NNPS 34457 622 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 622 10 who who WP 34457 622 11 found find VBD 34457 622 12 that that IN 34457 622 13 water water NN 34457 622 14 could could MD 34457 622 15 be be VB 34457 622 16 exposed expose VBN 34457 622 17 to to IN 34457 622 18 a a DT 34457 622 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 622 20 of of IN 34457 622 21 -9.4 -9.4 : 34457 622 22 ° ° NNS 34457 622 23 without without IN 34457 622 24 solidifying solidifying NN 34457 622 25 ; ; : 34457 622 26 so so RB 34457 622 27 soon soon RB 34457 622 28 , , , 34457 622 29 however however RB 34457 622 30 , , , 34457 622 31 as as IN 34457 622 32 a a DT 34457 622 33 small small JJ 34457 622 34 particle particle NN 34457 622 35 of of IN 34457 622 36 ice ice NN 34457 622 37 was be VBD 34457 622 38 brought bring VBN 34457 622 39 in in IN 34457 622 40 contact contact NN 34457 622 41 with with IN 34457 622 42 the the DT 34457 622 43 water water NN 34457 622 44 , , , 34457 622 45 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 622 46 commenced commence VBD 34457 622 47 . . . 34457 623 1 Superfused superfuse VBN 34457 623 2 or or CC 34457 623 3 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 623 4 water--_i.e water--_i.e NNP 34457 623 5 . . . 34457 623 6 _ _ NNP 34457 623 7 water water NN 34457 623 8 cooled cool VBD 34457 623 9 below below IN 34457 623 10 0 0â NN 34457 623 11 ° ° NNS 34457 623 12 --is --is . 34457 623 13 unstable unstable JJ 34457 623 14 only only RB 34457 623 15 in in IN 34457 623 16 respect respect NN 34457 623 17 of of IN 34457 623 18 the the DT 34457 623 19 solid solid JJ 34457 623 20 phase phase NN 34457 623 21 ; ; : 34457 623 22 so so RB 34457 623 23 long long RB 34457 623 24 as as IN 34457 623 25 the the DT 34457 623 26 presence presence NN 34457 623 27 of of IN 34457 623 28 the the DT 34457 623 29 solid solid JJ 34457 623 30 phase phase NN 34457 623 31 is be VBZ 34457 623 32 carefully carefully RB 34457 623 33 avoided avoid VBN 34457 623 34 , , , 34457 623 35 the the DT 34457 623 36 water water NN 34457 623 37 can can MD 34457 623 38 be be VB 34457 623 39 kept keep VBN 34457 623 40 for for IN 34457 623 41 any any DT 34457 623 42 length length NN 34457 623 43 of of IN 34457 623 44 time time NN 34457 623 45 without without IN 34457 623 46 solidifying solidifying NN 34457 623 47 , , , 34457 623 48 and and CC 34457 623 49 the the DT 34457 623 50 system system NN 34457 623 51 supercooled supercoole VBD 34457 623 52 water water NN 34457 623 53 and and CC 34457 623 54 vapour vapour NN 34457 623 55 behaves behave NNS 34457 623 56 in in IN 34457 623 57 every every DT 34457 623 58 way way NN 34457 623 59 like like IN 34457 623 60 a a DT 34457 623 61 stable stable JJ 34457 623 62 system system NN 34457 623 63 . . . 34457 624 1 A a DT 34457 624 2 system system NN 34457 624 3 , , , 34457 624 4 now now RB 34457 624 5 , , , 34457 624 6 which which WDT 34457 624 7 in in IN 34457 624 8 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 624 9 is be VBZ 34457 624 10 stable stable JJ 34457 624 11 , , , 34457 624 12 and and CC 34457 624 13 which which WDT 34457 624 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 624 15 instable instable JJ 34457 624 16 only only RB 34457 624 17 in in IN 34457 624 18 contact contact NN 34457 624 19 with with IN 34457 624 20 a a DT 34457 624 21 particular particular JJ 34457 624 22 phase phase NN 34457 624 23 , , , 34457 624 24 is be VBZ 34457 624 25 said say VBN 34457 624 26 to to TO 34457 624 27 be be VB 34457 624 28 _ _ NNP 34457 624 29 metastable metastable JJ 34457 624 30 _ _ NNP 34457 624 31 , , , 34457 624 32 and and CC 34457 624 33 the the DT 34457 624 34 region region NN 34457 624 35 throughout throughout IN 34457 624 36 which which WDT 34457 624 37 this this DT 34457 624 38 condition condition NN 34457 624 39 exists exist VBZ 34457 624 40 is be VBZ 34457 624 41 called call VBN 34457 624 42 the the DT 34457 624 43 metastable metastable JJ 34457 624 44 region region NN 34457 624 45 . . . 34457 625 1 Supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 625 2 water water NN 34457 625 3 , , , 34457 625 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 625 5 , , , 34457 625 6 is be VBZ 34457 625 7 in in IN 34457 625 8 a a DT 34457 625 9 metastable metastable JJ 34457 625 10 condition condition NN 34457 625 11 . . . 34457 626 1 If if IN 34457 626 2 the the DT 34457 626 3 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 626 4 be be VB 34457 626 5 carried carry VBN 34457 626 6 below below IN 34457 626 7 a a DT 34457 626 8 certain certain JJ 34457 626 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 626 10 , , , 34457 626 11 solidification solidification NN 34457 626 12 takes take VBZ 34457 626 13 place place NN 34457 626 14 spontaneously spontaneously RB 34457 626 15 without without IN 34457 626 16 the the DT 34457 626 17 addition addition NN 34457 626 18 of of IN 34457 626 19 the the DT 34457 626 20 solid solid JJ 34457 626 21 phase phase NN 34457 626 22 ; ; : 34457 626 23 the the DT 34457 626 24 system system NN 34457 626 25 then then RB 34457 626 26 ceases cease VBZ 34457 626 27 to to TO 34457 626 28 be be VB 34457 626 29 metastable metastable JJ 34457 626 30 , , , 34457 626 31 and and CC 34457 626 32 becomes become VBZ 34457 626 33 _ _ NNP 34457 626 34 instable instable JJ 34457 626 35 _ _ NNP 34457 626 36 . . . 34457 627 1 Not not RB 34457 627 2 only only RB 34457 627 3 has have VBZ 34457 627 4 water water NN 34457 627 5 been be VBN 34457 627 6 cooled cool VBN 34457 627 7 to to IN 34457 627 8 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 627 9 considerably considerably RB 34457 627 10 below below IN 34457 627 11 the the DT 34457 627 12 melting melting NN 34457 627 13 point point NN 34457 627 14 of of IN 34457 627 15 ice ice NN 34457 627 16 , , , 34457 627 17 but but CC 34457 627 18 the the DT 34457 627 19 vapour vapour JJ 34457 627 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 627 21 of of IN 34457 627 22 the the DT 34457 627 23 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 627 24 water water NN 34457 627 25 has have VBZ 34457 627 26 been be VBN 34457 627 27 measured measure VBN 34457 627 28 . . . 34457 628 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 628 2 is be VBZ 34457 628 3 of of IN 34457 628 4 interest interest NN 34457 628 5 and and CC 34457 628 6 importance importance NN 34457 628 7 , , , 34457 628 8 now now RB 34457 628 9 , , , 34457 628 10 to to TO 34457 628 11 see see VB 34457 628 12 what what WP 34457 628 13 relationship relationship NN 34457 628 14 exists exist VBZ 34457 628 15 between between IN 34457 628 16 the the DT 34457 628 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 628 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 628 19 of of IN 34457 628 20 ice ice NN 34457 628 21 and and CC 34457 628 22 that that DT 34457 628 23 of of IN 34457 628 24 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 628 25 water water NN 34457 628 26 at at IN 34457 628 27 the the DT 34457 628 28 same same JJ 34457 628 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 628 30 . . . 34457 629 1 This this DT 34457 629 2 relationship relationship NN 34457 629 3 is be VBZ 34457 629 4 clearly clearly RB 34457 629 5 shown show VBN 34457 629 6 by by IN 34457 629 7 the the DT 34457 629 8 numbers number NNS 34457 629 9 in in IN 34457 629 10 the the DT 34457 629 11 following following JJ 34457 629 12 table,[39 table,[39 CD 34457 629 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 629 14 and and CC 34457 629 15 is be VBZ 34457 629 16 represented represent VBN 34457 629 17 in in IN 34457 629 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 629 19 . . . 34457 630 1 3 3 CD 34457 630 2 , , , 34457 630 3 { { -LRB- 34457 630 4 31 31 CD 34457 630 5 } } -RRB- 34457 630 6 p. p. NN 34457 630 7 27 27 CD 34457 630 8 . . NNS 34457 630 9 , , , 34457 630 10 and and CC 34457 630 11 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 630 12 in in IN 34457 630 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 630 14 . . . 34457 631 1 4 4 LS 34457 631 2 , , , 34457 631 3 the the DT 34457 631 4 vapour vapour JJ 34457 631 5 pressures pressure NNS 34457 631 6 of of IN 34457 631 7 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 631 8 water water NN 34457 631 9 being be VBG 34457 631 10 represented represent VBN 34457 631 11 by by IN 34457 631 12 the the DT 34457 631 13 curve curve NN 34457 631 14 OA OA NNP 34457 631 15 ' ' '' 34457 631 16 , , , 34457 631 17 which which WDT 34457 631 18 is be VBZ 34457 631 19 the the DT 34457 631 20 unbroken unbroken JJ 34457 631 21 continuation continuation NN 34457 631 22 of of IN 34457 631 23 AO AO NNP 34457 631 24 . . . 34457 632 1 VAPOUR VAPOUR NNP 34457 632 2 PRESSURE PRESSURE NNP 34457 632 3 OF of IN 34457 632 4 ICE ICE NNP 34457 632 5 AND and CC 34457 632 6 OF of IN 34457 632 7 SUPERCOOLED SUPERCOOLED NNP 34457 632 8 WATER WATER NNP 34457 632 9 . . . 34457 633 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 633 2 | | NNP 34457 633 3 Pressure pressure NN 34457 633 4 in in IN 34457 633 5 mm mm NNP 34457 633 6 . . . 34457 634 1 mercury mercury NNP 34457 634 2 . . . 34457 635 1 ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 635 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 635 3 . . . 34457 636 1 | | NNP 34457 636 2 | | NNP 34457 636 3 | | CD 34457 636 4 | | NNP 34457 636 5 Water Water NNP 34457 636 6 . . . 34457 637 1 | | NNP 34457 637 2 Ice Ice NNP 34457 637 3 . . . 34457 638 1 | | NNP 34457 638 2 Difference Difference NNP 34457 638 3 . . . 34457 639 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 639 2 0 0 NNP 34457 639 3 ° ° NNS 34457 639 4 | | CD 34457 639 5 4.618 4.618 CD 34457 639 6 | | CD 34457 639 7 4.602 4.602 CD 34457 639 8 | | CD 34457 639 9 0.016[40 0.016[40 CD 34457 639 10 ] ] -RRB- 34457 639 11 -2 -2 : 34457 639 12 ° ° NNP 34457 639 13 | | NNP 34457 639 14 3.995 3.995 CD 34457 639 15 | | CD 34457 639 16 3.925 3.925 CD 34457 639 17 | | CD 34457 639 18 0.070 0.070 CD 34457 639 19 -4 -4 : 34457 639 20 ° ° , 34457 639 21 | | NNP 34457 639 22 3.450 3.450 CD 34457 639 23 | | CD 34457 639 24 3.334 3.334 CD 34457 639 25 | | CD 34457 639 26 0.116 0.116 CD 34457 639 27 -8 -8â CD 34457 639 28 ° ° NNS 34457 639 29 | | NNP 34457 639 30 2.558 2.558 CD 34457 639 31 | | CD 34457 639 32 2.379 2.379 CD 34457 639 33 | | CD 34457 639 34 0.179 0.179 CD 34457 639 35 -10 -10â NN 34457 639 36 ° ° , 34457 639 37 | | NNP 34457 639 38 2.197 2.197 CD 34457 639 39 | | CD 34457 639 40 1.999 1.999 CD 34457 639 41 | | CD 34457 639 42 0.198 0.198 CD 34457 639 43 -15 -15 NNP 34457 639 44 ° ° , 34457 639 45 | | NNP 34457 639 46 1.492 1.492 CD 34457 639 47 | | CD 34457 639 48 1.279 1.279 CD 34457 639 49 | | CD 34457 639 50 0.213 0.213 CD 34457 639 51 -20 -20 NNP 34457 639 52 ° ° NNS 34457 639 53 | | NNP 34457 639 54 1.005 1.005 CD 34457 639 55 | | CD 34457 639 56 0.806 0.806 CD 34457 639 57 | | CD 34457 639 58 0.199 0.199 CD 34457 639 59 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 639 60 At at IN 34457 639 61 all all DT 34457 639 62 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 639 63 below below IN 34457 639 64 0 0â NN 34457 639 65 ° ° NNS 34457 639 66 ( ( -LRB- 34457 639 67 more more RBR 34457 639 68 correctly correctly RB 34457 639 69 +0.0076 +0.0076â JJ 34457 639 70 ° ° NNS 34457 639 71 ) ) -RRB- 34457 639 72 , , , 34457 639 73 at at IN 34457 639 74 which which WDT 34457 639 75 temperature temperature NN 34457 639 76 water water NN 34457 639 77 and and CC 34457 639 78 ice ice NN 34457 639 79 have have VBP 34457 639 80 the the DT 34457 639 81 same same JJ 34457 639 82 vapour vapour NN 34457 639 83 pressure pressure NN 34457 639 84 , , , 34457 639 85 the the DT 34457 639 86 vapour vapour JJ 34457 639 87 pressure pressure NN 34457 639 88 of of IN 34457 639 89 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 639 90 water water NN 34457 639 91 is be VBZ 34457 639 92 _ _ NNP 34457 639 93 greater great JJR 34457 639 94 _ _ NNP 34457 639 95 than than IN 34457 639 96 that that DT 34457 639 97 of of IN 34457 639 98 ice ice NN 34457 639 99 at at IN 34457 639 100 the the DT 34457 639 101 same same JJ 34457 639 102 temperature temperature NN 34457 639 103 . . . 34457 640 1 From from IN 34457 640 2 the the DT 34457 640 3 relative relative JJ 34457 640 4 positions position NNS 34457 640 5 of of IN 34457 640 6 the the DT 34457 640 7 curves curve NNS 34457 640 8 OB ob NN 34457 640 9 and and CC 34457 640 10 OA OA NNP 34457 640 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 640 12 Fig fig NN 34457 640 13 . . . 34457 641 1 4 4 LS 34457 641 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 641 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 641 4 see see VBP 34457 641 5 that that IN 34457 641 6 at at IN 34457 641 7 all all DT 34457 641 8 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 641 9 above above IN 34457 641 10 0 0â NN 34457 641 11 ° ° NNS 34457 641 12 , , , 34457 641 13 the the DT 34457 641 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 641 15 metastable metastable JJ 34457 641 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 641 17 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 641 18 curve curve NN 34457 641 19 of of IN 34457 641 20 ice ice NN 34457 641 21 , , , 34457 641 22 if if IN 34457 641 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 641 24 could could MD 34457 641 25 be be VB 34457 641 26 obtained obtain VBN 34457 641 27 , , , 34457 641 28 would would MD 34457 641 29 be be VB 34457 641 30 higher high JJR 34457 641 31 than than IN 34457 641 32 the the DT 34457 641 33 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 641 34 curve curve NN 34457 641 35 of of IN 34457 641 36 water water NN 34457 641 37 . . . 34457 642 1 This this DT 34457 642 2 shows show VBZ 34457 642 3 , , , 34457 642 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 642 5 , , , 34457 642 6 that that IN 34457 642 7 at at IN 34457 642 8 0 0â NN 34457 642 9 ° ° , 34457 642 10 a a DT 34457 642 11 " " `` 34457 642 12 break break NN 34457 642 13 " " '' 34457 642 14 must must MD 34457 642 15 occur occur VB 34457 642 16 in in IN 34457 642 17 the the DT 34457 642 18 curve curve NN 34457 642 19 of of IN 34457 642 20 states state NNS 34457 642 21 , , , 34457 642 22 and and CC 34457 642 23 that that IN 34457 642 24 in in IN 34457 642 25 the the DT 34457 642 26 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 642 27 of of IN 34457 642 28 this this DT 34457 642 29 break break NN 34457 642 30 the the DT 34457 642 31 curve curve NN 34457 642 32 above above IN 34457 642 33 that that DT 34457 642 34 point point NN 34457 642 35 must must MD 34457 642 36 ascend ascend VB 34457 642 37 less less RBR 34457 642 38 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 642 39 than than IN 34457 642 40 the the DT 34457 642 41 curve curve NN 34457 642 42 below below IN 34457 642 43 the the DT 34457 642 44 break break NN 34457 642 45 . . . 34457 643 1 Since since IN 34457 643 2 , , , 34457 643 3 however however RB 34457 643 4 , , , 34457 643 5 the the DT 34457 643 6 differences difference NNS 34457 643 7 in in IN 34457 643 8 the the DT 34457 643 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 643 10 pressures pressure NNS 34457 643 11 of of IN 34457 643 12 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 643 13 water water NN 34457 643 14 and and CC 34457 643 15 of of IN 34457 643 16 ice ice NN 34457 643 17 are be VBP 34457 643 18 very very RB 34457 643 19 small small JJ 34457 643 20 , , , 34457 643 21 the the DT 34457 643 22 change change NN 34457 643 23 in in IN 34457 643 24 the the DT 34457 643 25 direction direction NN 34457 643 26 of of IN 34457 643 27 the the DT 34457 643 28 vapour vapour JJ 34457 643 29 - - HYPH 34457 643 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 643 31 curve curve NN 34457 643 32 on on IN 34457 643 33 passing pass VBG 34457 643 34 from from IN 34457 643 35 ice ice NN 34457 643 36 to to IN 34457 643 37 water water NN 34457 643 38 was be VBD 34457 643 39 at at IN 34457 643 40 first first RB 34457 643 41 not not RB 34457 643 42 observed observe VBN 34457 643 43 , , , 34457 643 44 and and CC 34457 643 45 Regnault Regnault NNP 34457 643 46 regarded regard VBD 34457 643 47 the the DT 34457 643 48 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 643 49 curve curve NN 34457 643 50 as as IN 34457 643 51 passing pass VBG 34457 643 52 continuously continuously RB 34457 643 53 into into IN 34457 643 54 { { -LRB- 34457 643 55 32 32 CD 34457 643 56 } } -RRB- 34457 643 57 the the DT 34457 643 58 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 643 59 curve curve NN 34457 643 60 . . . 34457 644 1 The the DT 34457 644 2 existence existence NN 34457 644 3 of of IN 34457 644 4 a a DT 34457 644 5 break break NN 34457 644 6 was be VBD 34457 644 7 , , , 34457 644 8 however however RB 34457 644 9 , , , 34457 644 10 shown show VBN 34457 644 11 by by IN 34457 644 12 James James NNP 34457 644 13 Thomson[41 Thomson[41 NNP 34457 644 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 644 15 and and CC 34457 644 16 by by IN 34457 644 17 Kirchhoff[42 Kirchhoff[42 NNP 34457 644 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 644 19 to to TO 34457 644 20 be be VB 34457 644 21 demanded demand VBN 34457 644 22 by by IN 34457 644 23 thermo thermo JJ 34457 644 24 - - HYPH 34457 644 25 dynamical dynamical JJ 34457 644 26 considerations consideration NNS 34457 644 27 , , , 34457 644 28 and and CC 34457 644 29 the the DT 34457 644 30 prediction prediction NN 34457 644 31 of of IN 34457 644 32 theory theory NN 34457 644 33 was be VBD 34457 644 34 afterwards afterwards RB 34457 644 35 realized realize VBN 34457 644 36 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 644 37 by by IN 34457 644 38 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 644 39 and and CC 34457 644 40 Young Young NNP 34457 644 41 in in IN 34457 644 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 644 43 determinations determination NNS 34457 644 44 of of IN 34457 644 45 the the DT 34457 644 46 vapour vapour JJ 34457 644 47 pressure pressure NN 34457 644 48 of of IN 34457 644 49 water water NN 34457 644 50 and and CC 34457 644 51 ice ice NN 34457 644 52 , , , 34457 644 53 as as RB 34457 644 54 well well RB 34457 644 55 as as IN 34457 644 56 in in IN 34457 644 57 the the DT 34457 644 58 case case NN 34457 644 59 of of IN 34457 644 60 other other JJ 34457 644 61 substances substance NNS 34457 644 62 . . . 34457 645 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 645 2 43 43 CD 34457 645 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 645 4 From from IN 34457 645 5 what what WP 34457 645 6 has have VBZ 34457 645 7 just just RB 34457 645 8 been be VBN 34457 645 9 said say VBN 34457 645 10 , , , 34457 645 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 645 12 can can MD 34457 645 13 readily readily RB 34457 645 14 understand understand VB 34457 645 15 why why WRB 34457 645 16 ice ice NN 34457 645 17 and and CC 34457 645 18 water water NN 34457 645 19 can can MD 34457 645 20 not not RB 34457 645 21 exist exist VB 34457 645 22 in in IN 34457 645 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 645 24 below below IN 34457 645 25 0 0â NN 34457 645 26 ° ° NNS 34457 645 27 . . . 34457 646 1 For for IN 34457 646 2 , , , 34457 646 3 suppose suppose VB 34457 646 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 646 5 have have VBP 34457 646 6 ice ice NN 34457 646 7 and and CC 34457 646 8 water water NN 34457 646 9 in in IN 34457 646 10 the the DT 34457 646 11 same same JJ 34457 646 12 closed close VBN 34457 646 13 space space NN 34457 646 14 , , , 34457 646 15 but but CC 34457 646 16 not not RB 34457 646 17 in in IN 34457 646 18 contact contact NN 34457 646 19 with with IN 34457 646 20 one one CD 34457 646 21 another another DT 34457 646 22 , , , 34457 646 23 then then RB 34457 646 24 since since IN 34457 646 25 the the DT 34457 646 26 vapour vapour JJ 34457 646 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 646 28 of of IN 34457 646 29 the the DT 34457 646 30 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 646 31 water water NN 34457 646 32 is be VBZ 34457 646 33 higher high JJR 34457 646 34 than than IN 34457 646 35 that that DT 34457 646 36 of of IN 34457 646 37 ice ice NN 34457 646 38 , , , 34457 646 39 the the DT 34457 646 40 vapour vapour NN 34457 646 41 of of IN 34457 646 42 the the DT 34457 646 43 former former JJ 34457 646 44 must must MD 34457 646 45 be be VB 34457 646 46 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 646 47 in in IN 34457 646 48 contact contact NN 34457 646 49 with with IN 34457 646 50 the the DT 34457 646 51 latter latter JJ 34457 646 52 ; ; : 34457 646 53 vapour vapour RB 34457 646 54 must must MD 34457 646 55 , , , 34457 646 56 therefore therefore RB 34457 646 57 , , , 34457 646 58 condense condense VB 34457 646 59 on on IN 34457 646 60 the the DT 34457 646 61 ice ice NN 34457 646 62 ; ; : 34457 646 63 and and CC 34457 646 64 in in IN 34457 646 65 this this DT 34457 646 66 way way NN 34457 646 67 there there EX 34457 646 68 will will MD 34457 646 69 be be VB 34457 646 70 a a DT 34457 646 71 slow slow JJ 34457 646 72 distillation distillation NN 34457 646 73 from from IN 34457 646 74 the the DT 34457 646 75 water water NN 34457 646 76 to to IN 34457 646 77 the the DT 34457 646 78 ice ice NN 34457 646 79 , , , 34457 646 80 until until IN 34457 646 81 at at IN 34457 646 82 last last RB 34457 646 83 all all PDT 34457 646 84 the the DT 34457 646 85 water water NN 34457 646 86 will will MD 34457 646 87 have have VB 34457 646 88 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 646 89 , , , 34457 646 90 and and CC 34457 646 91 only only RB 34457 646 92 ice ice NN 34457 646 93 and and CC 34457 646 94 vapour vapour NNP 34457 646 95 remain remain VBP 34457 646 96 . . . 34457 647 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 647 2 44 44 CD 34457 647 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 647 4 Other Other NNP 34457 647 5 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 647 6 of of IN 34457 647 7 the the DT 34457 647 8 Substance Substance NNP 34457 647 9 Water.--We Water.--We NNS 34457 647 10 have have VBP 34457 647 11 thus thus RB 34457 647 12 far far RB 34457 647 13 discussed discuss VBN 34457 647 14 only only RB 34457 647 15 those those DT 34457 647 16 systems system NNS 34457 647 17 which which WDT 34457 647 18 are be VBP 34457 647 19 constituted constitute VBN 34457 647 20 by by IN 34457 647 21 the the DT 34457 647 22 three three CD 34457 647 23 phases phase NNS 34457 647 24 -- -- : 34457 647 25 ice ice NN 34457 647 26 , , , 34457 647 27 water water NN 34457 647 28 , , , 34457 647 29 and and CC 34457 647 30 water water NN 34457 647 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 647 32 . . . 34457 648 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 648 2 has have VBZ 34457 648 3 , , , 34457 648 4 however however RB 34457 648 5 , , , 34457 648 6 been be VBN 34457 648 7 recently recently RB 34457 648 8 found find VBN 34457 648 9 that that IN 34457 648 10 at at IN 34457 648 11 a a DT 34457 648 12 low low JJ 34457 648 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 648 14 and and CC 34457 648 15 under under IN 34457 648 16 a a DT 34457 648 17 high high JJ 34457 648 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 648 19 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 648 20 ice ice NN 34457 648 21 can can MD 34457 648 22 pass pass VB 34457 648 23 into into IN 34457 648 24 two two CD 34457 648 25 other other JJ 34457 648 26 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 648 27 varieties variety NNS 34457 648 28 , , , 34457 648 29 called call VBN 34457 648 30 by by IN 34457 648 31 Tammann[45 tammann[45 CD 34457 648 32 ] ] -RRB- 34457 648 33 ice ice NN 34457 648 34 II ii CD 34457 648 35 . . . 34457 649 1 and and CC 34457 649 2 ice ice NN 34457 649 3 III III NNP 34457 649 4 . . NN 34457 649 5 , , , 34457 649 6 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 649 7 ice ice NN 34457 649 8 being be VBG 34457 649 9 ice ice NN 34457 649 10 I. I. NNP 34457 650 1 According accord VBG 34457 650 2 to to IN 34457 650 3 the the DT 34457 650 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 650 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 650 6 , , , 34457 650 7 now now RB 34457 650 8 , , , 34457 650 9 since since IN 34457 650 10 each each DT 34457 650 11 of of IN 34457 650 12 these these DT 34457 650 13 solid solid JJ 34457 650 14 forms form NNS 34457 650 15 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 650 16 a a DT 34457 650 17 separate separate JJ 34457 650 18 phase phase NN 34457 650 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 650 20 p. p. NN 34457 650 21 9 9 CD 34457 650 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 650 23 , , , 34457 650 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 650 25 will will MD 34457 650 26 be be VB 34457 650 27 possible possible JJ 34457 650 28 to to TO 34457 650 29 have have VB 34457 650 30 the the DT 34457 650 31 following following NN 34457 650 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 650 33 and and CC 34457 650 34 more more JJR 34457 650 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 650 36 systems system NNS 34457 650 37 of of IN 34457 650 38 water water NN 34457 650 39 , , , 34457 650 40 in in IN 34457 650 41 addition addition NN 34457 650 42 to to IN 34457 650 43 those those DT 34457 650 44 already already RB 34457 650 45 studied study VBN 34457 650 46 , , , 34457 650 47 viz viz NN 34457 650 48 . . . 34457 651 1 water water NN 34457 651 2 , , , 34457 651 3 ice ice NN 34457 651 4 I. I. NNP 34457 651 5 , , , 34457 651 6 ice ice NN 34457 651 7 II ii CD 34457 651 8 . . . 34457 652 1 ; ; : 34457 652 2 water water NN 34457 652 3 , , , 34457 652 4 ice ice NN 34457 652 5 I. i. NN 34457 652 6 , , , 34457 652 7 ice ice NN 34457 652 8 III iii CD 34457 652 9 . . . 34457 653 1 ; ; : 34457 653 2 water water NN 34457 653 3 , , , 34457 653 4 ice ice NN 34457 653 5 II II NNP 34457 653 6 . . NNP 34457 653 7 , , , 34457 653 8 ice ice NN 34457 653 9 III III NNP 34457 653 10 . . NN 34457 653 11 , , , 34457 653 12 forming form VBG 34457 653 13 invariant invariant JJ 34457 653 14 systems system NNS 34457 653 15 and and CC 34457 653 16 existing exist VBG 34457 653 17 in in IN 34457 653 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 653 19 only only RB 34457 653 20 at at IN 34457 653 21 a a DT 34457 653 22 definite definite JJ 34457 653 23 triple triple JJ 34457 653 24 point point NN 34457 653 25 ; ; : 34457 653 26 further further RB 34457 653 27 , , , 34457 653 28 water water NN 34457 653 29 , , , 34457 653 30 ice ice NN 34457 653 31 II ii CD 34457 653 32 . . . 34457 654 1 ; ; : 34457 654 2 water water NN 34457 654 3 , , , 34457 654 4 ice ice NN 34457 654 5 III iii CD 34457 654 6 . . . 34457 655 1 ; ; : 34457 655 2 ice ice NN 34457 655 3 I. I. NNP 34457 655 4 , , , 34457 655 5 ice ice NN 34457 655 6 II ii CD 34457 655 7 . . . 34457 656 1 ; ; : 34457 656 2 ice ice NN 34457 656 3 I. I. NNP 34457 656 4 , , , 34457 656 5 ice ice NN 34457 656 6 III iii CD 34457 656 7 . . . 34457 657 1 ; ; : 34457 657 2 ice ice NN 34457 657 3 II II NNP 34457 657 4 . . NNP 34457 657 5 , , , 34457 657 6 ice ice NN 34457 657 7 III III NNP 34457 657 8 . . NN 34457 657 9 , , , 34457 657 10 forming form VBG 34457 657 11 univariant univariant JJ 34457 657 12 systems system NNS 34457 657 13 , , , 34457 657 14 existing exist VBG 34457 657 15 , , , 34457 657 16 therefore therefore RB 34457 657 17 , , , 34457 657 18 at at IN 34457 657 19 definite definite JJ 34457 657 20 corresponding corresponding JJ 34457 657 21 values value NNS 34457 657 22 of of IN 34457 657 23 { { -LRB- 34457 657 24 33 33 CD 34457 657 25 } } -RRB- 34457 657 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 657 27 and and CC 34457 657 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 657 29 ; ; : 34457 657 30 and and CC 34457 657 31 lastly lastly RB 34457 657 32 , , , 34457 657 33 the the DT 34457 657 34 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 657 35 systems system NNS 34457 657 36 , , , 34457 657 37 ice ice NN 34457 657 38 II ii CD 34457 657 39 . . . 34457 658 1 and and CC 34457 658 2 ice ice NN 34457 658 3 III iii CD 34457 658 4 . . . 34457 659 1 Several several JJ 34457 659 2 of of IN 34457 659 3 these these DT 34457 659 4 systems system NNS 34457 659 5 have have VBP 34457 659 6 been be VBN 34457 659 7 investigated investigate VBN 34457 659 8 by by IN 34457 659 9 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 659 10 . . . 34457 660 1 The the DT 34457 660 2 triple triple JJ 34457 660 3 point point NN 34457 660 4 for for IN 34457 660 5 water water NN 34457 660 6 , , , 34457 660 7 ice ice NN 34457 660 8 I. i. NN 34457 660 9 , , , 34457 660 10 ice ice NN 34457 660 11 III iii CD 34457 660 12 . . NN 34457 660 13 , , , 34457 660 14 lies lie VBZ 34457 660 15 at at IN 34457 660 16 -22 -22 NNP 34457 660 17 ° ° NNP 34457 660 18 , , , 34457 660 19 and and CC 34457 660 20 a a DT 34457 660 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 660 22 of of IN 34457 660 23 2200 2200 CD 34457 660 24 kilogms kilogms NN 34457 660 25 . . . 34457 661 1 per per IN 34457 661 2 sq sq NNP 34457 661 3 . . . 34457 662 1 cm cm NNP 34457 662 2 . . . 34457 663 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 663 2 2130 2130 CD 34457 663 3 atm atm NN 34457 663 4 . . . 34457 664 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 664 2 , , , 34457 664 3 as as IN 34457 664 4 indicated indicate VBN 34457 664 5 in in IN 34457 664 6 Fig Fig NNP 34457 664 7 . . . 34457 665 1 2 2 CD 34457 665 2 , , , 34457 665 3 p. p. NN 34457 666 1 27 27 CD 34457 666 2 . . . 34457 667 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 667 2 46 46 CD 34457 667 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 667 4 In in IN 34457 667 5 contrast contrast NN 34457 667 6 with with IN 34457 667 7 the the DT 34457 667 8 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 667 9 of of IN 34457 667 10 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 667 11 ice ice NN 34457 667 12 , , , 34457 667 13 the the DT 34457 667 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 667 15 of of IN 34457 667 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 667 17 in in IN 34457 667 18 the the DT 34457 667 19 case case NN 34457 667 20 of of IN 34457 667 21 water water NN 34457 667 22 -- -- : 34457 667 23 ice ice NN 34457 667 24 II II NNP 34457 667 25 . . NNP 34457 667 26 , , , 34457 667 27 and and CC 34457 667 28 water water NN 34457 667 29 -- -- : 34457 667 30 ice ice NN 34457 667 31 III III NNP 34457 667 32 . . NN 34457 667 33 , , , 34457 667 34 is be VBZ 34457 667 35 _ _ NNP 34457 667 36 raised raise VBN 34457 667 37 _ _ NNP 34457 667 38 by by IN 34457 667 39 increase increase NN 34457 667 40 of of IN 34457 667 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 667 42 . . . 34457 668 1 B. B. NNP 34457 669 1 _ _ NNP 34457 669 2 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 669 3 . . . 34457 669 4 _ _ NNP 34457 669 5 Polymorphism.--Reference Polymorphism.--Reference NNP 34457 669 6 has have VBZ 34457 669 7 just just RB 34457 669 8 been be VBN 34457 669 9 made make VBN 34457 669 10 to to IN 34457 669 11 the the DT 34457 669 12 fact fact NN 34457 669 13 that that IN 34457 669 14 ice ice NN 34457 669 15 can can MD 34457 669 16 exist exist VB 34457 669 17 not not RB 34457 669 18 only only RB 34457 669 19 in in IN 34457 669 20 the the DT 34457 669 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 669 22 form form NN 34457 669 23 , , , 34457 669 24 but but CC 34457 669 25 in in IN 34457 669 26 at at RB 34457 669 27 least least RBS 34457 669 28 two two CD 34457 669 29 other other JJ 34457 669 30 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 669 31 varieties variety NNS 34457 669 32 . . . 34457 670 1 This this DT 34457 670 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 670 3 , , , 34457 670 4 the the DT 34457 670 5 existence existence NN 34457 670 6 of of IN 34457 670 7 a a DT 34457 670 8 substance substance NN 34457 670 9 in in IN 34457 670 10 two two CD 34457 670 11 or or CC 34457 670 12 more more JJR 34457 670 13 different different JJ 34457 670 14 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 670 15 forms form NNS 34457 670 16 , , , 34457 670 17 is be VBZ 34457 670 18 called call VBN 34457 670 19 _ _ NNP 34457 670 20 polymorphism polymorphism NN 34457 670 21 _ _ NNP 34457 670 22 . . . 34457 671 1 Polymorphism polymorphism NN 34457 671 2 was be VBD 34457 671 3 first first RB 34457 671 4 observed observe VBN 34457 671 5 by by IN 34457 671 6 Mitscherlich[47 mitscherlich[47 RB 34457 671 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 671 8 in in IN 34457 671 9 the the DT 34457 671 10 case case NN 34457 671 11 of of IN 34457 671 12 sodium sodium NN 34457 671 13 phosphate phosphate NN 34457 671 14 , , , 34457 671 15 and and CC 34457 671 16 later later RB 34457 671 17 in in IN 34457 671 18 the the DT 34457 671 19 case case NN 34457 671 20 of of IN 34457 671 21 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 671 22 . . . 34457 672 1 To to IN 34457 672 2 these these DT 34457 672 3 two two CD 34457 672 4 cases case NNS 34457 672 5 others other NNS 34457 672 6 were be VBD 34457 672 7 soon soon RB 34457 672 8 added add VBN 34457 672 9 , , , 34457 672 10 at at IN 34457 672 11 first first RB 34457 672 12 of of IN 34457 672 13 inorganic inorganic JJ 34457 672 14 , , , 34457 672 15 and and CC 34457 672 16 later later RB 34457 672 17 of of IN 34457 672 18 organic organic JJ 34457 672 19 substances substance NNS 34457 672 20 , , , 34457 672 21 so so IN 34457 672 22 that that IN 34457 672 23 polymorphism polymorphism NN 34457 672 24 is be VBZ 34457 672 25 now now RB 34457 672 26 recognized recognize VBN 34457 672 27 as as IN 34457 672 28 of of IN 34457 672 29 very very RB 34457 672 30 frequent frequent JJ 34457 672 31 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 672 32 indeed indeed RB 34457 672 33 . . . 34457 673 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 673 2 48 48 CD 34457 673 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 673 4 These these DT 34457 673 5 various various JJ 34457 673 6 forms form NNS 34457 673 7 of of IN 34457 673 8 a a DT 34457 673 9 substance substance NN 34457 673 10 differ differ VBP 34457 673 11 not not RB 34457 673 12 only only RB 34457 673 13 in in IN 34457 673 14 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 673 15 shape shape NN 34457 673 16 , , , 34457 673 17 but but CC 34457 673 18 also also RB 34457 673 19 in in IN 34457 673 20 melting melting NN 34457 673 21 point point NN 34457 673 22 , , , 34457 673 23 specific specific JJ 34457 673 24 gravity gravity NN 34457 673 25 , , , 34457 673 26 and and CC 34457 673 27 other other JJ 34457 673 28 physical physical JJ 34457 673 29 properties property NNS 34457 673 30 . . . 34457 674 1 In in IN 34457 674 2 the the DT 34457 674 3 liquid liquid JJ 34457 674 4 state state NN 34457 674 5 , , , 34457 674 6 however however RB 34457 674 7 , , , 34457 674 8 the the DT 34457 674 9 differences difference NNS 34457 674 10 do do VBP 34457 674 11 not not RB 34457 674 12 exist exist VB 34457 674 13 . . . 34457 675 1 According accord VBG 34457 675 2 to to IN 34457 675 3 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 675 4 definition definition NN 34457 675 5 of of IN 34457 675 6 phases phase NNS 34457 675 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 675 8 p. p. NN 34457 675 9 9 9 CD 34457 675 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 675 11 , , , 34457 675 12 each each DT 34457 675 13 of of IN 34457 675 14 these these DT 34457 675 15 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 675 16 forms form NNS 34457 675 17 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 675 18 a a DT 34457 675 19 separate separate JJ 34457 675 20 phase phase NN 34457 675 21 of of IN 34457 675 22 the the DT 34457 675 23 particular particular JJ 34457 675 24 substance substance NN 34457 675 25 . . . 34457 676 1 As as IN 34457 676 2 is be VBZ 34457 676 3 readily readily RB 34457 676 4 apparent apparent JJ 34457 676 5 , , , 34457 676 6 the the DT 34457 676 7 number number NN 34457 676 8 of of IN 34457 676 9 possible possible JJ 34457 676 10 systems system NNS 34457 676 11 formed form VBN 34457 676 12 of of IN 34457 676 13 one one CD 34457 676 14 component component NN 34457 676 15 may may MD 34457 676 16 be be VB 34457 676 17 considerably considerably RB 34457 676 18 increased increase VBN 34457 676 19 when when WRB 34457 676 20 that that DT 34457 676 21 component component NN 34457 676 22 is be VBZ 34457 676 23 capable capable JJ 34457 676 24 of of IN 34457 676 25 existing exist VBG 34457 676 26 in in IN 34457 676 27 different different JJ 34457 676 28 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 676 29 forms form NNS 34457 676 30 . . . 34457 677 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 677 2 have have VBP 34457 677 3 , , , 34457 677 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 677 5 , , , 34457 677 6 to to TO 34457 677 7 inquire inquire VB 34457 677 8 what what WP 34457 677 9 are be VBP 34457 677 10 the the DT 34457 677 11 conditions condition NNS 34457 677 12 under under IN 34457 677 13 which which WDT 34457 677 14 different different JJ 34457 677 15 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 677 16 forms form NNS 34457 677 17 can can MD 34457 677 18 coexist coexist VB 34457 677 19 , , , 34457 677 20 either either CC 34457 677 21 alone alone RB 34457 677 22 or or CC 34457 677 23 in in IN 34457 677 24 presence presence NN 34457 677 25 of of IN 34457 677 26 the the DT 34457 677 27 liquid liquid NN 34457 677 28 and and CC 34457 677 29 vapour vapour JJ 34457 677 30 phase phase NN 34457 677 31 . . . 34457 678 1 For for IN 34457 678 2 the the DT 34457 678 3 purpose purpose NN 34457 678 4 of of IN 34457 678 5 illustrating illustrate VBG 34457 678 6 the the DT 34457 678 7 general general JJ 34457 678 8 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 678 9 of of IN 34457 678 10 such such JJ 34457 678 11 systems system NNS 34457 678 12 , , , 34457 678 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 678 14 shall shall MD 34457 678 15 study study VB 34457 678 16 the the DT 34457 678 17 systems system NNS 34457 678 18 formed form VBN 34457 678 19 by by IN 34457 678 20 the the DT 34457 678 21 different different JJ 34457 678 22 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 678 23 forms form NNS 34457 678 24 of of IN 34457 678 25 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 678 26 , , , 34457 678 27 tin tin NNP 34457 678 28 , , , 34457 678 29 and and CC 34457 678 30 benzophenone benzophenone NN 34457 678 31 . . . 34457 679 1 { { -LRB- 34457 679 2 34 34 CD 34457 679 3 } } -RRB- 34457 679 4 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 679 5 exists exist VBZ 34457 679 6 in in IN 34457 679 7 two two CD 34457 679 8 well well RB 34457 679 9 - - HYPH 34457 679 10 known know VBN 34457 679 11 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 679 12 forms form NNS 34457 679 13 -- -- : 34457 679 14 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 679 15 , , , 34457 679 16 or or CC 34457 679 17 octahedral octahedral JJ 34457 679 18 , , , 34457 679 19 and and CC 34457 679 20 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 679 21 , , , 34457 679 22 or or CC 34457 679 23 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 679 24 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 679 25 . . . 34457 680 1 Of of IN 34457 680 2 these these DT 34457 680 3 , , , 34457 680 4 the the DT 34457 680 5 former former JJ 34457 680 6 melts melt NNS 34457 680 7 at at IN 34457 680 8 114.5 114.5â CD 34457 680 9 ° ° NNS 34457 680 10 ; ; : 34457 680 11 the the DT 34457 680 12 latter latter JJ 34457 680 13 at at IN 34457 680 14 120 120â CD 34457 680 15 ° ° NNS 34457 680 16 . . . 34457 681 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 681 2 49 49 CD 34457 681 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 681 4 Further further RB 34457 681 5 , , , 34457 681 6 at at IN 34457 681 7 the the DT 34457 681 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 681 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 681 10 , , , 34457 681 11 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 681 12 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 681 13 can can MD 34457 681 14 exist exist VB 34457 681 15 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 681 16 , , , 34457 681 17 whereas whereas IN 34457 681 18 , , , 34457 681 19 on on IN 34457 681 20 being be VBG 34457 681 21 heated heat VBN 34457 681 22 to to IN 34457 681 23 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 681 24 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 681 25 below below IN 34457 681 26 the the DT 34457 681 27 melting melting NN 34457 681 28 point point NN 34457 681 29 , , , 34457 681 30 it -PRON- PRP 34457 681 31 passes pass VBZ 34457 681 32 into into IN 34457 681 33 the the DT 34457 681 34 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 681 35 variety variety NN 34457 681 36 . . . 34457 682 1 On on IN 34457 682 2 the the DT 34457 682 3 other other JJ 34457 682 4 hand hand NN 34457 682 5 , , , 34457 682 6 at at IN 34457 682 7 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 682 8 above above IN 34457 682 9 96 96â JJ 34457 682 10 ° ° NNS 34457 682 11 , , , 34457 682 12 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 682 13 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 682 14 can can MD 34457 682 15 remain remain VB 34457 682 16 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 682 17 , , , 34457 682 18 whereas whereas IN 34457 682 19 at at IN 34457 682 20 the the DT 34457 682 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 682 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 682 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 682 24 passes pass VBZ 34457 682 25 slowly slowly RB 34457 682 26 into into IN 34457 682 27 the the DT 34457 682 28 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 682 29 form form NN 34457 682 30 . . . 34457 683 1 If if IN 34457 683 2 , , , 34457 683 3 now now RB 34457 683 4 , , , 34457 683 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 683 6 examine examine VBP 34457 683 7 the the DT 34457 683 8 case case NN 34457 683 9 of of IN 34457 683 10 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 683 11 with with IN 34457 683 12 the the DT 34457 683 13 help help NN 34457 683 14 of of IN 34457 683 15 the the DT 34457 683 16 Phase Phase NNP 34457 683 17 Rule Rule NNP 34457 683 18 , , , 34457 683 19 we -PRON- PRP 34457 683 20 see see VBP 34457 683 21 that that IN 34457 683 22 the the DT 34457 683 23 following follow VBG 34457 683 24 systems system NNS 34457 683 25 are be VBP 34457 683 26 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 683 27 possible:-- possible:-- . 34457 683 28 I. I. NNP 34457 684 1 _ _ NNP 34457 684 2 Bivariant Bivariant NNP 34457 684 3 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 684 4 : : : 34457 684 5 One one CD 34457 684 6 component component NN 34457 684 7 in in IN 34457 684 8 one one CD 34457 684 9 phase phase NN 34457 684 10 . . . 34457 684 11 _ _ NNP 34457 684 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 684 13 _ _ NNP 34457 684 14 a a DT 34457 684 15 _ _ NNP 34457 684 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 684 17 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 684 18 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 684 19 . . . 34457 685 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 685 2 _ _ NNP 34457 685 3 b b NNP 34457 685 4 _ _ NNP 34457 685 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 685 6 Monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 685 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 685 8 . . . 34457 686 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 686 2 _ _ NNP 34457 686 3 c c NNP 34457 686 4 _ _ NNP 34457 686 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 686 6 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 686 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 686 8 . . . 34457 687 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 687 2 _ _ NNP 34457 687 3 d d NNP 34457 687 4 _ _ NNP 34457 687 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 687 6 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 687 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 687 8 . . . 34457 688 1 II ii CD 34457 688 2 . . . 34457 689 1 _ _ NNP 34457 689 2 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 689 3 Systems Systems NNP 34457 689 4 : : : 34457 689 5 One one CD 34457 689 6 component component NN 34457 689 7 in in IN 34457 689 8 two two CD 34457 689 9 phases phase NNS 34457 689 10 . . . 34457 689 11 _ _ NNP 34457 689 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 689 13 _ _ NNP 34457 689 14 a a DT 34457 689 15 _ _ NNP 34457 689 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 689 17 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 689 18 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 689 19 and and CC 34457 689 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 689 21 . . . 34457 690 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 690 2 _ _ NNP 34457 690 3 b b NNP 34457 690 4 _ _ NNP 34457 690 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 690 6 Monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 690 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 690 8 and and CC 34457 690 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 690 10 . . . 34457 691 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 691 2 _ _ NNP 34457 691 3 c c NNP 34457 691 4 _ _ NNP 34457 691 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 691 6 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 691 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 691 8 and and CC 34457 691 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 691 10 . . . 34457 692 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 692 2 _ _ NNP 34457 692 3 d d NNP 34457 692 4 _ _ NNP 34457 692 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 692 6 Monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 692 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 692 8 and and CC 34457 692 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 692 10 . . . 34457 693 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 693 2 _ _ NNP 34457 693 3 e e NNP 34457 693 4 _ _ NNP 34457 693 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 693 6 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 693 7 and and CC 34457 693 8 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 693 9 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 693 10 . . . 34457 694 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 694 2 _ _ NNP 34457 694 3 f f NNP 34457 694 4 _ _ NNP 34457 694 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 694 6 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 694 7 and and CC 34457 694 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 694 9 . . . 34457 695 1 III iii CD 34457 695 2 . . . 34457 696 1 _ _ NNP 34457 696 2 Invariant Invariant NNP 34457 696 3 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 696 4 : : : 34457 696 5 One one CD 34457 696 6 component component NN 34457 696 7 in in IN 34457 696 8 three three CD 34457 696 9 phases phase NNS 34457 696 10 . . . 34457 696 11 _ _ NNP 34457 696 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 696 13 _ _ NNP 34457 696 14 a a DT 34457 696 15 _ _ NNP 34457 696 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 696 17 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 696 18 and and CC 34457 696 19 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 696 20 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 696 21 and and CC 34457 696 22 vapour vapour NNP 34457 696 23 . . . 34457 697 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 697 2 _ _ NNP 34457 697 3 b b NNP 34457 697 4 _ _ NNP 34457 697 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 697 6 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 697 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 697 8 , , , 34457 697 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 697 10 and and CC 34457 697 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 697 12 . . . 34457 698 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 698 2 _ _ NNP 34457 698 3 c c NNP 34457 698 4 _ _ NNP 34457 698 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 698 6 Monoclinic Monoclinic NNP 34457 698 7 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 698 8 , , , 34457 698 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 698 10 and and CC 34457 698 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 698 12 . . . 34457 699 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 699 2 _ _ NNP 34457 699 3 d d NNP 34457 699 4 _ _ NNP 34457 699 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 699 6 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 699 7 and and CC 34457 699 8 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 699 9 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 699 10 and and CC 34457 699 11 liquid liquid NN 34457 699 12 . . . 34457 700 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 700 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 700 3 : : : 34457 700 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 700 5 . . . 34457 701 1 5 5 CD 34457 701 2 . . . 34457 701 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 702 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 702 2 Point Point NNP 34457 702 3 -- -- : 34457 702 4 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 702 5 and and CC 34457 702 6 Monoclinic Monoclinic NNP 34457 702 7 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 702 8 and and CC 34457 702 9 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 702 10 . . . 34457 703 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 703 2 Point.--In Point.--In NNP 34457 703 3 the the DT 34457 703 4 case case NN 34457 703 5 of of IN 34457 703 6 ice ice NN 34457 703 7 , , , 34457 703 8 water water NN 34457 703 9 and and CC 34457 703 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 703 11 , , , 34457 703 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 703 13 saw see VBD 34457 703 14 that that IN 34457 703 15 at at IN 34457 703 16 the the DT 34457 703 17 triple triple JJ 34457 703 18 point point NN 34457 703 19 the the DT 34457 703 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 703 21 pressures pressure NNS 34457 703 22 of of IN 34457 703 23 ice ice NN 34457 703 24 and and CC 34457 703 25 water water NN 34457 703 26 are be VBP 34457 703 27 equal equal JJ 34457 703 28 ; ; : 34457 703 29 below below IN 34457 703 30 this this DT 34457 703 31 point point NN 34457 703 32 , , , 34457 703 33 ice ice NN 34457 703 34 is be VBZ 34457 703 35 stable stable JJ 34457 703 36 ; ; : 34457 703 37 above above IN 34457 703 38 this this DT 34457 703 39 point point NN 34457 703 40 , , , 34457 703 41 water water NN 34457 703 42 is be VBZ 34457 703 43 stable stable JJ 34457 703 44 . . . 34457 704 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 704 2 saw see VBD 34457 704 3 , , , 34457 704 4 further further RB 34457 704 5 , , , 34457 704 6 that that IN 34457 704 7 below below IN 34457 704 8 0 0â NN 34457 704 9 ° ° , 34457 704 10 the the DT 34457 704 11 vapour vapour JJ 34457 704 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 704 13 of of IN 34457 704 14 the the DT 34457 704 15 stable stable JJ 34457 704 16 system system NN 34457 704 17 is be VBZ 34457 704 18 lower low JJR 34457 704 19 than than IN 34457 704 20 that that DT 34457 704 21 of of IN 34457 704 22 the the DT 34457 704 23 metastable metastable JJ 34457 704 24 , , , 34457 704 25 and and CC 34457 704 26 therefore therefore RB 34457 704 27 that that IN 34457 704 28 at at IN 34457 704 29 the the DT 34457 704 30 triple triple JJ 34457 704 31 point point NN 34457 704 32 there there EX 34457 704 33 is be VBZ 34457 704 34 a a DT 34457 704 35 break break NN 34457 704 36 in in IN 34457 704 37 the the DT 34457 704 38 vapour vapour NN 34457 704 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 704 40 curve curve NN 34457 704 41 of of IN 34457 704 42 such such PDT 34457 704 43 a a DT 34457 704 44 kind kind NN 34457 704 45 that that WDT 34457 704 46 above above IN 34457 704 47 { { -LRB- 34457 704 48 35 35 CD 34457 704 49 } } -RRB- 34457 704 50 the the DT 34457 704 51 triple triple JJ 34457 704 52 point point NN 34457 704 53 the the DT 34457 704 54 vapour vapour JJ 34457 704 55 - - HYPH 34457 704 56 pressure pressure NN 34457 704 57 curve curve NN 34457 704 58 ascends ascend VBZ 34457 704 59 more more RBR 34457 704 60 slowly slowly RB 34457 704 61 than than IN 34457 704 62 below below IN 34457 704 63 it -PRON- PRP 34457 704 64 . . . 34457 705 1 Now now RB 34457 705 2 , , , 34457 705 3 although although IN 34457 705 4 the the DT 34457 705 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 705 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 705 7 of of IN 34457 705 8 solid solid JJ 34457 705 9 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 705 10 has have VBZ 34457 705 11 not not RB 34457 705 12 been be VBN 34457 705 13 determined determine VBN 34457 705 14 , , , 34457 705 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 705 16 can can MD 34457 705 17 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 705 18 consider consider VB 34457 705 19 that that IN 34457 705 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 705 21 does do VBZ 34457 705 22 possess possess VB 34457 705 23 a a DT 34457 705 24 certain certain JJ 34457 705 25 , , , 34457 705 26 even even RB 34457 705 27 if if IN 34457 705 28 very very RB 34457 705 29 small small JJ 34457 705 30 , , , 34457 705 31 vapour vapour RB 34457 705 32 pressure,[50 pressure,[50 FW 34457 705 33 ] ] -RRB- 34457 705 34 and and CC 34457 705 35 that that IN 34457 705 36 at at IN 34457 705 37 the the DT 34457 705 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 705 39 at at IN 34457 705 40 which which WDT 34457 705 41 the the DT 34457 705 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 705 43 pressures pressure NNS 34457 705 44 of of IN 34457 705 45 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 705 46 and and CC 34457 705 47 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 705 48 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 705 49 become become VBP 34457 705 50 equal equal JJ 34457 705 51 , , , 34457 705 52 we -PRON- PRP 34457 705 53 can can MD 34457 705 54 have have VB 34457 705 55 these these DT 34457 705 56 two two CD 34457 705 57 solid solid JJ 34457 705 58 forms form NNS 34457 705 59 existing exist VBG 34457 705 60 in in IN 34457 705 61 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 705 62 with with IN 34457 705 63 the the DT 34457 705 64 vapour vapour NN 34457 705 65 . . . 34457 706 1 Below below IN 34457 706 2 that that DT 34457 706 3 point point NN 34457 706 4 only only RB 34457 706 5 one one CD 34457 706 6 form form NN 34457 706 7 , , , 34457 706 8 that that IN 34457 706 9 with with IN 34457 706 10 the the DT 34457 706 11 lower low JJR 34457 706 12 vapour vapour NN 34457 706 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 706 14 , , , 34457 706 15 will will MD 34457 706 16 be be VB 34457 706 17 stable stable JJ 34457 706 18 ; ; : 34457 706 19 above above IN 34457 706 20 that that DT 34457 706 21 point point NN 34457 706 22 only only RB 34457 706 23 the the DT 34457 706 24 other other JJ 34457 706 25 form form NN 34457 706 26 will will MD 34457 706 27 be be VB 34457 706 28 stable stable JJ 34457 706 29 . . . 34457 707 1 On on IN 34457 707 2 passing pass VBG 34457 707 3 through through IN 34457 707 4 the the DT 34457 707 5 triple triple JJ 34457 707 6 point point NN 34457 707 7 , , , 34457 707 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 707 9 , , , 34457 707 10 there there EX 34457 707 11 will will MD 34457 707 12 be be VB 34457 707 13 a a DT 34457 707 14 change change NN 34457 707 15 of of IN 34457 707 16 the the DT 34457 707 17 one one CD 34457 707 18 form form NN 34457 707 19 into into IN 34457 707 20 the the DT 34457 707 21 other other JJ 34457 707 22 . . . 34457 708 1 This this DT 34457 708 2 point point NN 34457 708 3 is be VBZ 34457 708 4 represented represent VBN 34457 708 5 in in IN 34457 708 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 708 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 708 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 708 9 Fig fig NN 34457 708 10 . . . 34457 709 1 5 5 LS 34457 709 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 709 3 by by IN 34457 709 4 the the DT 34457 709 5 point point NN 34457 709 6 O o UH 34457 709 7 , , , 34457 709 8 the the DT 34457 709 9 two two CD 34457 709 10 curves curve NNS 34457 709 11 AO AO NNP 34457 709 12 and and CC 34457 709 13 OB OB NNP 34457 709 14 representing represent VBG 34457 709 15 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 709 16 the the DT 34457 709 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 709 18 pressures pressure NNS 34457 709 19 of of IN 34457 709 20 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 709 21 and and CC 34457 709 22 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 709 23 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 709 24 respectively respectively RB 34457 709 25 . . . 34457 710 1 If if IN 34457 710 2 the the DT 34457 710 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 710 4 phase phase NN 34457 710 5 is be VBZ 34457 710 6 absent absent JJ 34457 710 7 and and CC 34457 710 8 the the DT 34457 710 9 system system NN 34457 710 10 maintained maintain VBD 34457 710 11 under under IN 34457 710 12 a a DT 34457 710 13 constant constant JJ 34457 710 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 710 15 , , , 34457 710 16 _ _ NNP 34457 710 17 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 710 18 _ _ NNP 34457 710 19 { { -LRB- 34457 710 20 36 36 CD 34457 710 21 } } -RRB- 34457 710 22 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 710 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 710 24 , , , 34457 710 25 there there EX 34457 710 26 will will MD 34457 710 27 also also RB 34457 710 28 be be VB 34457 710 29 a a DT 34457 710 30 definite definite JJ 34457 710 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 710 32 at at IN 34457 710 33 which which WDT 34457 710 34 the the DT 34457 710 35 two two CD 34457 710 36 solid solid JJ 34457 710 37 forms form NNS 34457 710 38 are be VBP 34457 710 39 in in IN 34457 710 40 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 710 41 , , , 34457 710 42 and and CC 34457 710 43 on on IN 34457 710 44 passing pass VBG 34457 710 45 through through IN 34457 710 46 which which WDT 34457 710 47 complete complete JJ 34457 710 48 and and CC 34457 710 49 reversible reversible JJ 34457 710 50 transformation transformation NN 34457 710 51 of of IN 34457 710 52 one one CD 34457 710 53 form form NN 34457 710 54 into into IN 34457 710 55 the the DT 34457 710 56 other other JJ 34457 710 57 occurs occur NNS 34457 710 58 . . . 34457 711 1 This this DT 34457 711 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 711 3 , , , 34457 711 4 which which WDT 34457 711 5 refers refer VBZ 34457 711 6 to to IN 34457 711 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 711 8 in in IN 34457 711 9 absence absence NN 34457 711 10 of of IN 34457 711 11 the the DT 34457 711 12 vapour vapour NN 34457 711 13 phase phase NN 34457 711 14 , , , 34457 711 15 is be VBZ 34457 711 16 known know VBN 34457 711 17 as as IN 34457 711 18 the the DT 34457 711 19 _ _ NNP 34457 711 20 transition transition NN 34457 711 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 711 22 _ _ NNP 34457 711 23 or or CC 34457 711 24 _ _ NNP 34457 711 25 inversion inversion NN 34457 711 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 711 27 _ _ NNP 34457 711 28 . . . 34457 712 1 Were be VBD 34457 712 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 712 3 dependent dependent JJ 34457 712 4 on on IN 34457 712 5 measurements measurement NNS 34457 712 6 of of IN 34457 712 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 712 8 and and CC 34457 712 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 712 10 , , , 34457 712 11 the the DT 34457 712 12 determination determination NN 34457 712 13 of of IN 34457 712 14 the the DT 34457 712 15 transition transition NN 34457 712 16 point point NN 34457 712 17 might may MD 34457 712 18 be be VB 34457 712 19 a a DT 34457 712 20 matter matter NN 34457 712 21 of of IN 34457 712 22 great great JJ 34457 712 23 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 712 24 . . . 34457 713 1 When when WRB 34457 713 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 713 3 consider consider VBP 34457 713 4 , , , 34457 713 5 however however RB 34457 713 6 , , , 34457 713 7 that that IN 34457 713 8 the the DT 34457 713 9 other other JJ 34457 713 10 physical physical JJ 34457 713 11 properties property NNS 34457 713 12 of of IN 34457 713 13 the the DT 34457 713 14 solid solid JJ 34457 713 15 phases phase NNS 34457 713 16 , , , 34457 713 17 _ _ NNP 34457 713 18 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 713 19 _ _ NNP 34457 713 20 the the DT 34457 713 21 density density NN 34457 713 22 , , , 34457 713 23 undergo undergo VBP 34457 713 24 an an DT 34457 713 25 abrupt abrupt JJ 34457 713 26 change change NN 34457 713 27 on on IN 34457 713 28 passing pass VBG 34457 713 29 through through IN 34457 713 30 the the DT 34457 713 31 transition transition NN 34457 713 32 point point NN 34457 713 33 , , , 34457 713 34 owing owe VBG 34457 713 35 to to IN 34457 713 36 the the DT 34457 713 37 transformation transformation NN 34457 713 38 of of IN 34457 713 39 one one CD 34457 713 40 form form NN 34457 713 41 into into IN 34457 713 42 the the DT 34457 713 43 other other JJ 34457 713 44 , , , 34457 713 45 then then RB 34457 713 46 any any DT 34457 713 47 method method NN 34457 713 48 by by IN 34457 713 49 which which WDT 34457 713 50 this this DT 34457 713 51 abrupt abrupt JJ 34457 713 52 change change NN 34457 713 53 in in IN 34457 713 54 the the DT 34457 713 55 physical physical JJ 34457 713 56 properties property NNS 34457 713 57 can can MD 34457 713 58 be be VB 34457 713 59 detected detect VBN 34457 713 60 may may MD 34457 713 61 be be VB 34457 713 62 employed employ VBN 34457 713 63 for for IN 34457 713 64 determining determine VBG 34457 713 65 the the DT 34457 713 66 transition transition NN 34457 713 67 point point NN 34457 713 68 . . . 34457 714 1 A a DT 34457 714 2 considerable considerable JJ 34457 714 3 number number NN 34457 714 4 of of IN 34457 714 5 such such JJ 34457 714 6 methods method NNS 34457 714 7 have have VBP 34457 714 8 been be VBN 34457 714 9 devised devise VBN 34457 714 10 , , , 34457 714 11 and and CC 34457 714 12 a a DT 34457 714 13 description description NN 34457 714 14 of of IN 34457 714 15 the the DT 34457 714 16 most most RBS 34457 714 17 important important JJ 34457 714 18 of of IN 34457 714 19 these these DT 34457 714 20 is be VBZ 34457 714 21 given give VBN 34457 714 22 in in IN 34457 714 23 the the DT 34457 714 24 Appendix Appendix NNP 34457 714 25 . . . 34457 715 1 In in IN 34457 715 2 the the DT 34457 715 3 case case NN 34457 715 4 of of IN 34457 715 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 715 6 , , , 34457 715 7 the the DT 34457 715 8 transition transition NN 34457 715 9 point point NN 34457 715 10 of of IN 34457 715 11 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 715 12 into into IN 34457 715 13 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 715 14 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 715 15 was be VBD 34457 715 16 found find VBN 34457 715 17 by by IN 34457 715 18 Reicher[51 Reicher[51 NNP 34457 715 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 715 20 to to TO 34457 715 21 lie lie VB 34457 715 22 at at IN 34457 715 23 95.5 95.5â CD 34457 715 24 ° ° NNS 34457 715 25 . . . 34457 716 1 Below below IN 34457 716 2 this this DT 34457 716 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 716 4 the the DT 34457 716 5 octahedral octahedral JJ 34457 716 6 , , , 34457 716 7 above above IN 34457 716 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 716 9 the the DT 34457 716 10 monoclinic monoclinic NNP 34457 716 11 , , , 34457 716 12 is be VBZ 34457 716 13 the the DT 34457 716 14 stable stable JJ 34457 716 15 form form NN 34457 716 16 . . . 34457 717 1 Condensed condense VBN 34457 717 2 Systems.--We Systems.--We NNS 34457 717 3 have have VBP 34457 717 4 already already RB 34457 717 5 seen see VBN 34457 717 6 that that IN 34457 717 7 in in IN 34457 717 8 the the DT 34457 717 9 change change NN 34457 717 10 of of IN 34457 717 11 the the DT 34457 717 12 melting melting NN 34457 717 13 point point NN 34457 717 14 of of IN 34457 717 15 water water NN 34457 717 16 with with IN 34457 717 17 the the DT 34457 717 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 717 19 , , , 34457 717 20 a a DT 34457 717 21 very very RB 34457 717 22 great great JJ 34457 717 23 increase increase NN 34457 717 24 of of IN 34457 717 25 the the DT 34457 717 26 latter latter NN 34457 717 27 was be VBD 34457 717 28 necessary necessary JJ 34457 717 29 in in IN 34457 717 30 order order NN 34457 717 31 to to TO 34457 717 32 produce produce VB 34457 717 33 a a DT 34457 717 34 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 717 35 small small JJ 34457 717 36 change change NN 34457 717 37 in in IN 34457 717 38 the the DT 34457 717 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 717 40 of of IN 34457 717 41 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 717 42 . . . 34457 718 1 This this DT 34457 718 2 is be VBZ 34457 718 3 a a DT 34457 718 4 characteristic characteristic NN 34457 718 5 of of IN 34457 718 6 all all DT 34457 718 7 systems system NNS 34457 718 8 from from IN 34457 718 9 which which WDT 34457 718 10 the the DT 34457 718 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 718 12 phase phase NN 34457 718 13 is be VBZ 34457 718 14 absent absent JJ 34457 718 15 , , , 34457 718 16 and and CC 34457 718 17 which which WDT 34457 718 18 are be VBP 34457 718 19 composed compose VBN 34457 718 20 only only RB 34457 718 21 of of IN 34457 718 22 solid solid JJ 34457 718 23 and and CC 34457 718 24 liquid liquid JJ 34457 718 25 phases phase NNS 34457 718 26 . . . 34457 719 1 Such such JJ 34457 719 2 systems system NNS 34457 719 3 are be VBP 34457 719 4 called call VBN 34457 719 5 _ _ NNP 34457 719 6 condensed condense VBN 34457 719 7 systems_,[52 systems_,[52 RB 34457 719 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 719 9 and and CC 34457 719 10 in in IN 34457 719 11 determining determine VBG 34457 719 12 the the DT 34457 719 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 719 14 of of IN 34457 719 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 719 16 of of IN 34457 719 17 such such JJ 34457 719 18 systems system NNS 34457 719 19 , , , 34457 719 20 practically practically RB 34457 719 21 the the DT 34457 719 22 same same JJ 34457 719 23 point point NN 34457 719 24 will will MD 34457 719 25 be be VB 34457 719 26 obtained obtain VBN 34457 719 27 whether whether IN 34457 719 28 the the DT 34457 719 29 measurements measurement NNS 34457 719 30 are be VBP 34457 719 31 carried carry VBN 34457 719 32 out out RP 34457 719 33 under under IN 34457 719 34 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 719 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 719 36 or or CC 34457 719 37 under under IN 34457 719 38 the the DT 34457 719 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 719 40 of of IN 34457 719 41 the the DT 34457 719 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 719 43 of of IN 34457 719 44 the the DT 34457 719 45 solid solid JJ 34457 719 46 or or CC 34457 719 47 liquid liquid JJ 34457 719 48 phases phase NNS 34457 719 49 . . . 34457 720 1 The the DT 34457 720 2 transition transition NN 34457 720 3 point point NN 34457 720 4 , , , 34457 720 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 720 6 , , , 34457 720 7 as as IN 34457 720 8 determined determine VBN 34457 720 9 in in IN 34457 720 10 open open JJ 34457 720 11 vessels vessel NNS 34457 720 12 at at IN 34457 720 13 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 720 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 720 15 , , , 34457 720 16 will will MD 34457 720 17 differ differ VB 34457 720 18 only only RB 34457 720 19 by by IN 34457 720 20 a a DT 34457 720 21 very very RB 34457 720 22 slight slight JJ 34457 720 23 amount amount NN 34457 720 24 from from IN 34457 720 25 the the DT 34457 720 26 triple triple JJ 34457 720 27 point point NN 34457 720 28 , , , 34457 720 29 or or CC 34457 720 30 point point NN 34457 720 31 at at IN 34457 720 32 which which WDT 34457 720 33 the the DT 34457 720 34 two two CD 34457 720 35 solid solid JJ 34457 720 36 or or CC 34457 720 37 liquid liquid JJ 34457 720 38 phases phase NNS 34457 720 39 are be VBP 34457 720 40 in in IN 34457 720 41 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 720 42 under under IN 34457 720 43 the the DT 34457 720 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 720 45 of of IN 34457 720 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 720 47 vapour vapour NN 34457 720 48 . . . 34457 721 1 { { -LRB- 34457 721 2 37 37 CD 34457 721 3 } } -RRB- 34457 721 4 The the DT 34457 721 5 determination determination NN 34457 721 6 of of IN 34457 721 7 the the DT 34457 721 8 transition transition NN 34457 721 9 point point NN 34457 721 10 is be VBZ 34457 721 11 thereby thereby RB 34457 721 12 greatly greatly RB 34457 721 13 simplified simplify VBN 34457 721 14 . . . 34457 722 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 722 2 Transformation.--In transformation.--in NN 34457 722 3 many many JJ 34457 722 4 respects respect VBZ 34457 722 5 the the DT 34457 722 6 transition transition NN 34457 722 7 point point NN 34457 722 8 of of IN 34457 722 9 two two CD 34457 722 10 solid solid JJ 34457 722 11 phases phase NNS 34457 722 12 is be VBZ 34457 722 13 analogous analogous JJ 34457 722 14 to to IN 34457 722 15 the the DT 34457 722 16 melting melting NN 34457 722 17 point point NN 34457 722 18 of of IN 34457 722 19 a a DT 34457 722 20 solid solid JJ 34457 722 21 , , , 34457 722 22 or or CC 34457 722 23 point point NN 34457 722 24 at at IN 34457 722 25 which which WDT 34457 722 26 the the DT 34457 722 27 solid solid JJ 34457 722 28 passes pass VBZ 34457 722 29 into into IN 34457 722 30 a a DT 34457 722 31 liquid liquid NN 34457 722 32 . . . 34457 723 1 In in IN 34457 723 2 both both DT 34457 723 3 cases case NNS 34457 723 4 the the DT 34457 723 5 change change NN 34457 723 6 of of IN 34457 723 7 phase phase NN 34457 723 8 is be VBZ 34457 723 9 associated associate VBN 34457 723 10 with with IN 34457 723 11 a a DT 34457 723 12 definite definite JJ 34457 723 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 723 14 and and CC 34457 723 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 723 16 in in IN 34457 723 17 such such PDT 34457 723 18 a a DT 34457 723 19 way way NN 34457 723 20 that that IN 34457 723 21 below below IN 34457 723 22 the the DT 34457 723 23 point point NN 34457 723 24 the the DT 34457 723 25 one one CD 34457 723 26 phase phase NN 34457 723 27 , , , 34457 723 28 above above IN 34457 723 29 the the DT 34457 723 30 point point NN 34457 723 31 the the DT 34457 723 32 other other JJ 34457 723 33 phase phase NN 34457 723 34 , , , 34457 723 35 is be VBZ 34457 723 36 stable stable JJ 34457 723 37 . . . 34457 724 1 The the DT 34457 724 2 transition transition NN 34457 724 3 point point NN 34457 724 4 , , , 34457 724 5 however however RB 34457 724 6 , , , 34457 724 7 differs differ VBZ 34457 724 8 in in IN 34457 724 9 so so RB 34457 724 10 far far RB 34457 724 11 from from IN 34457 724 12 a a DT 34457 724 13 point point NN 34457 724 14 of of IN 34457 724 15 fusion fusion NN 34457 724 16 , , , 34457 724 17 that that IN 34457 724 18 while while IN 34457 724 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 724 20 is be VBZ 34457 724 21 possible possible JJ 34457 724 22 to to TO 34457 724 23 supercool supercool VB 34457 724 24 a a DT 34457 724 25 liquid liquid NN 34457 724 26 , , , 34457 724 27 no no DT 34457 724 28 definite definite JJ 34457 724 29 case case NN 34457 724 30 is be VBZ 34457 724 31 known know VBN 34457 724 32 where where WRB 34457 724 33 the the DT 34457 724 34 solid solid JJ 34457 724 35 has have VBZ 34457 724 36 been be VBN 34457 724 37 heated heat VBN 34457 724 38 above above IN 34457 724 39 the the DT 34457 724 40 triple triple JJ 34457 724 41 point point NN 34457 724 42 without without IN 34457 724 43 passing pass VBG 34457 724 44 into into IN 34457 724 45 the the DT 34457 724 46 liquid liquid JJ 34457 724 47 state state NN 34457 724 48 . . . 34457 725 1 Transformation transformation NN 34457 725 2 , , , 34457 725 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 725 4 , , , 34457 725 5 is be VBZ 34457 725 6 suspended suspend VBN 34457 725 7 only only RB 34457 725 8 on on IN 34457 725 9 one one CD 34457 725 10 side side NN 34457 725 11 of of IN 34457 725 12 the the DT 34457 725 13 melting melting NN 34457 725 14 point point NN 34457 725 15 . . . 34457 726 1 In in IN 34457 726 2 the the DT 34457 726 3 case case NN 34457 726 4 of of IN 34457 726 5 two two CD 34457 726 6 solid solid JJ 34457 726 7 phases phase NNS 34457 726 8 , , , 34457 726 9 however however RB 34457 726 10 , , , 34457 726 11 the the DT 34457 726 12 transition transition NN 34457 726 13 point point NN 34457 726 14 can can MD 34457 726 15 be be VB 34457 726 16 overstepped overstep VBN 34457 726 17 in in IN 34457 726 18 both both DT 34457 726 19 directions direction NNS 34457 726 20 , , , 34457 726 21 so so IN 34457 726 22 that that IN 34457 726 23 each each DT 34457 726 24 phase phase NN 34457 726 25 can can MD 34457 726 26 be be VB 34457 726 27 obtained obtain VBN 34457 726 28 in in IN 34457 726 29 the the DT 34457 726 30 metastable metastable JJ 34457 726 31 condition condition NN 34457 726 32 . . . 34457 727 1 In in IN 34457 727 2 the the DT 34457 727 3 case case NN 34457 727 4 of of IN 34457 727 5 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 727 6 water water NN 34457 727 7 , , , 34457 727 8 further further RB 34457 727 9 , , , 34457 727 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 727 11 saw see VBD 34457 727 12 that that IN 34457 727 13 the the DT 34457 727 14 introduction introduction NN 34457 727 15 of of IN 34457 727 16 the the DT 34457 727 17 stable stable JJ 34457 727 18 , , , 34457 727 19 solid solid JJ 34457 727 20 phase phase NN 34457 727 21 caused cause VBD 34457 727 22 the the DT 34457 727 23 speedy speedy JJ 34457 727 24 transformation transformation NN 34457 727 25 of of IN 34457 727 26 the the DT 34457 727 27 metastable metastable JJ 34457 727 28 to to IN 34457 727 29 the the DT 34457 727 30 stable stable JJ 34457 727 31 condition condition NN 34457 727 32 of of IN 34457 727 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 727 34 ; ; : 34457 727 35 but but CC 34457 727 36 in in IN 34457 727 37 the the DT 34457 727 38 case case NN 34457 727 39 of of IN 34457 727 40 two two CD 34457 727 41 solid solid JJ 34457 727 42 phases phase NNS 34457 727 43 the the DT 34457 727 44 change change NN 34457 727 45 from from IN 34457 727 46 the the DT 34457 727 47 metastable metastable NN 34457 727 48 to to IN 34457 727 49 the the DT 34457 727 50 stable stable JJ 34457 727 51 modification modification NN 34457 727 52 may may MD 34457 727 53 occur occur VB 34457 727 54 with with IN 34457 727 55 great great JJ 34457 727 56 slowness slowness NN 34457 727 57 , , , 34457 727 58 even even RB 34457 727 59 in in IN 34457 727 60 presence presence NN 34457 727 61 of of IN 34457 727 62 the the DT 34457 727 63 stable stable JJ 34457 727 64 form form NN 34457 727 65 . . . 34457 728 1 This this DT 34457 728 2 tardiness tardiness NN 34457 728 3 with with IN 34457 728 4 which which WDT 34457 728 5 the the DT 34457 728 6 stable stable JJ 34457 728 7 condition condition NN 34457 728 8 of of IN 34457 728 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 728 10 is be VBZ 34457 728 11 reached reach VBN 34457 728 12 greatly greatly RB 34457 728 13 increases increase NNS 34457 728 14 in in IN 34457 728 15 many many JJ 34457 728 16 cases case NNS 34457 728 17 the the DT 34457 728 18 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 728 19 of of IN 34457 728 20 accurately accurately RB 34457 728 21 determining determine VBG 34457 728 22 the the DT 34457 728 23 transition transition NN 34457 728 24 point point NN 34457 728 25 . . . 34457 729 1 The the DT 34457 729 2 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 729 3 of of IN 34457 729 4 suspended suspend VBN 34457 729 5 transformation transformation NN 34457 729 6 will will MD 34457 729 7 , , , 34457 729 8 however however RB 34457 729 9 , , , 34457 729 10 receive receive VBP 34457 729 11 a a DT 34457 729 12 fuller full JJR 34457 729 13 discussion discussion NN 34457 729 14 later later RB 34457 729 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 729 16 p. p. NN 34457 729 17 68 68 CD 34457 729 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 729 19 . . . 34457 730 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 730 2 Curve Curve NNP 34457 730 3 -- -- : 34457 730 4 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 730 5 and and CC 34457 730 6 Monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 730 7 Sulphur.--Just Sulphur.--Just '' 34457 730 8 as as IN 34457 730 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 730 10 found find VBD 34457 730 11 the the DT 34457 730 12 melting melting NN 34457 730 13 point point NN 34457 730 14 of of IN 34457 730 15 ice ice NN 34457 730 16 to to TO 34457 730 17 vary vary VB 34457 730 18 with with IN 34457 730 19 the the DT 34457 730 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 730 21 , , , 34457 730 22 so so RB 34457 730 23 also also RB 34457 730 24 do do VBP 34457 730 25 we -PRON- PRP 34457 730 26 find find VB 34457 730 27 that that IN 34457 730 28 change change NN 34457 730 29 of of IN 34457 730 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 730 31 causes cause VBZ 34457 730 32 an an DT 34457 730 33 alteration alteration NN 34457 730 34 in in IN 34457 730 35 the the DT 34457 730 36 transition transition NN 34457 730 37 point point NN 34457 730 38 . . . 34457 731 1 In in IN 34457 731 2 the the DT 34457 731 3 case case NN 34457 731 4 of of IN 34457 731 5 the the DT 34457 731 6 transition transition NN 34457 731 7 point point NN 34457 731 8 of of IN 34457 731 9 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 731 10 into into IN 34457 731 11 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 731 12 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 731 13 , , , 34457 731 14 increase increase NN 34457 731 15 of of IN 34457 731 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 731 17 by by IN 34457 731 18 1 1 CD 34457 731 19 atm atm NN 34457 731 20 . . . 34457 732 1 raises raise VBZ 34457 732 2 the the DT 34457 732 3 transition transition NN 34457 732 4 point point NN 34457 732 5 by by IN 34457 732 6 0.04 0.04 NNS 34457 732 7 ° ° NNS 34457 732 8 -0.05 -0.05 NNS 34457 732 9 ° ° NNS 34457 732 10 . . . 34457 733 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 733 2 53 53 CD 34457 733 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 733 4 The the DT 34457 733 5 transition transition NN 34457 733 6 curve curve NN 34457 733 7 , , , 34457 733 8 or or CC 34457 733 9 curve curve NN 34457 733 10 representing represent VBG 34457 733 11 the the DT 34457 733 12 change change NN 34457 733 13 of of IN 34457 733 14 the the DT 34457 733 15 transition transition NN 34457 733 16 point point NN 34457 733 17 with with IN 34457 733 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 733 19 , , , 34457 733 20 will will MD 34457 733 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 733 22 slope slope VB 34457 733 23 to to IN 34457 733 24 the the DT 34457 733 25 right right NN 34457 733 26 away away RB 34457 733 27 from from IN 34457 733 28 the the DT 34457 733 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 733 30 axis axis RB 34457 733 31 . . . 34457 734 1 This this DT 34457 734 2 is be VBZ 34457 734 3 curve curve NN 34457 734 4 OC OC NNP 34457 734 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 734 6 Fig fig NN 34457 734 7 . . . 34457 735 1 5 5 LS 34457 735 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 735 3 . . . 34457 736 1 { { -LRB- 34457 736 2 38 38 CD 34457 736 3 } } -RRB- 34457 736 4 Triple triple JJ 34457 736 5 Point point NN 34457 736 6 -- -- : 34457 736 7 Monoclinic Monoclinic NNP 34457 736 8 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 736 9 , , , 34457 736 10 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 736 11 , , , 34457 736 12 and and CC 34457 736 13 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 736 14 . . . 34457 737 1 Melting melt VBG 34457 737 2 Point point NN 34457 737 3 of of IN 34457 737 4 Monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 737 5 Sulphur.--Above sulphur.--above NN 34457 737 6 95.5 95.5â CD 34457 737 7 ° ° NNS 34457 737 8 , , , 34457 737 9 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 737 10 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 737 11 is be VBZ 34457 737 12 , , , 34457 737 13 as as IN 34457 737 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 737 15 have have VBP 34457 737 16 seen see VBN 34457 737 17 , , , 34457 737 18 the the DT 34457 737 19 stable stable JJ 34457 737 20 form form NN 34457 737 21 . . . 34457 738 1 On on IN 34457 738 2 being be VBG 34457 738 3 heated heat VBN 34457 738 4 to to IN 34457 738 5 120 120â CD 34457 738 6 ° ° NNS 34457 738 7 , , , 34457 738 8 under under IN 34457 738 9 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 738 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 738 11 , , , 34457 738 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 738 13 melts melt VBZ 34457 738 14 . . . 34457 739 1 This this DT 34457 739 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 739 3 is be VBZ 34457 739 4 , , , 34457 739 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 739 6 , , , 34457 739 7 the the DT 34457 739 8 point point NN 34457 739 9 of of IN 34457 739 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 739 11 between between IN 34457 739 12 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 739 13 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 739 14 and and CC 34457 739 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 739 16 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 739 17 under under IN 34457 739 18 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 739 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 739 20 . . . 34457 740 1 Since since IN 34457 740 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 740 3 are be VBP 34457 740 4 dealing deal VBG 34457 740 5 with with IN 34457 740 6 a a DT 34457 740 7 condensed condensed JJ 34457 740 8 system system NN 34457 740 9 , , , 34457 740 10 this this DT 34457 740 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 740 12 may may MD 34457 740 13 be be VB 34457 740 14 regarded regard VBN 34457 740 15 as as IN 34457 740 16 very very RB 34457 740 17 nearly nearly RB 34457 740 18 that that DT 34457 740 19 at at IN 34457 740 20 which which WDT 34457 740 21 the the DT 34457 740 22 solid solid JJ 34457 740 23 and and CC 34457 740 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 740 25 are be VBP 34457 740 26 in in IN 34457 740 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 740 28 with with IN 34457 740 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 740 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 740 31 , , , 34457 740 32 _ _ NNP 34457 740 33 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 740 34 _ _ NNP 34457 740 35 the the DT 34457 740 36 triple triple JJ 34457 740 37 point point NN 34457 740 38 , , , 34457 740 39 solid solid JJ 34457 740 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 740 41 monoclinic)--liquid monoclinic)--liquid NNP 34457 740 42 -- -- : 34457 740 43 vapour vapour NN 34457 740 44 . . . 34457 741 1 This this DT 34457 741 2 point point NN 34457 741 3 is be VBZ 34457 741 4 represented represent VBN 34457 741 5 in in IN 34457 741 6 the the DT 34457 741 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 741 8 by by IN 34457 741 9 B. B. NNP 34457 742 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 742 2 Point Point NNP 34457 742 3 -- -- : 34457 742 4 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 742 5 and and CC 34457 742 6 Monoclinic Monoclinic NNP 34457 742 7 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 742 8 and and CC 34457 742 9 Liquid.--In Liquid.--In NNP 34457 742 10 contrast contrast NN 34457 742 11 with with IN 34457 742 12 that that DT 34457 742 13 of of IN 34457 742 14 ice ice NN 34457 742 15 , , , 34457 742 16 the the DT 34457 742 17 fusion fusion NN 34457 742 18 point point NN 34457 742 19 of of IN 34457 742 20 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 742 21 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 742 22 is be VBZ 34457 742 23 _ _ NNP 34457 742 24 raised raise VBD 34457 742 25 _ _ NNP 34457 742 26 by by IN 34457 742 27 increase increase NN 34457 742 28 of of IN 34457 742 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 742 30 , , , 34457 742 31 and and CC 34457 742 32 the the DT 34457 742 33 fusion fusion NN 34457 742 34 curve curve NN 34457 742 35 , , , 34457 742 36 therefore therefore RB 34457 742 37 , , , 34457 742 38 slopes slope NNS 34457 742 39 to to IN 34457 742 40 the the DT 34457 742 41 right right NN 34457 742 42 . . . 34457 743 1 The the DT 34457 743 2 transition transition NN 34457 743 3 curve curve NN 34457 743 4 of of IN 34457 743 5 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 743 6 and and CC 34457 743 7 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 743 8 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 743 9 , , , 34457 743 10 as as IN 34457 743 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 743 12 have have VBP 34457 743 13 seen see VBN 34457 743 14 , , , 34457 743 15 also also RB 34457 743 16 slopes slope VBZ 34457 743 17 to to IN 34457 743 18 the the DT 34457 743 19 right right NN 34457 743 20 , , , 34457 743 21 and and CC 34457 743 22 more more RBR 34457 743 23 so so RB 34457 743 24 than than IN 34457 743 25 the the DT 34457 743 26 fusion fusion NN 34457 743 27 curve curve NN 34457 743 28 of of IN 34457 743 29 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 743 30 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 743 31 . . . 34457 744 1 There there EX 34457 744 2 will will MD 34457 744 3 , , , 34457 744 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 744 5 , , , 34457 744 6 be be VB 34457 744 7 a a DT 34457 744 8 certain certain JJ 34457 744 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 744 10 and and CC 34457 744 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 744 12 at at IN 34457 744 13 which which WDT 34457 744 14 the the DT 34457 744 15 two two CD 34457 744 16 curves curve NNS 34457 744 17 will will MD 34457 744 18 cut cut VB 34457 744 19 . . . 34457 745 1 This this DT 34457 745 2 point point NN 34457 745 3 lies lie VBZ 34457 745 4 at at IN 34457 745 5 151 151â CD 34457 745 6 ° ° NNS 34457 745 7 , , , 34457 745 8 and and CC 34457 745 9 a a DT 34457 745 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 745 11 of of IN 34457 745 12 1320 1320 CD 34457 745 13 kilogm kilogm NN 34457 745 14 . . . 34457 746 1 per per IN 34457 746 2 sq sq NNP 34457 746 3 . . . 34457 747 1 cm cm NNP 34457 747 2 . . NNP 34457 747 3 , , , 34457 747 4 or or CC 34457 747 5 about about RB 34457 747 6 1288 1288 CD 34457 747 7 atm atm NN 34457 747 8 . . . 34457 748 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 748 2 54 54 CD 34457 748 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 748 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 748 5 , , , 34457 748 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 748 7 , , , 34457 748 8 forms form VBZ 34457 748 9 another another DT 34457 748 10 triple triple JJ 34457 748 11 point point NN 34457 748 12 , , , 34457 748 13 the the DT 34457 748 14 existence existence NN 34457 748 15 of of IN 34457 748 16 which which WDT 34457 748 17 had have VBD 34457 748 18 been be VBN 34457 748 19 predicted predict VBN 34457 748 20 by by IN 34457 748 21 Roozeboom,[55 Roozeboom,[55 NNP 34457 748 22 ] ] -RRB- 34457 748 23 at at IN 34457 748 24 which which WDT 34457 748 25 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 748 26 and and CC 34457 748 27 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 748 28 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 748 29 are be VBP 34457 748 30 in in IN 34457 748 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 748 32 with with IN 34457 748 33 liquid liquid JJ 34457 748 34 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 748 35 . . . 34457 749 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 749 2 is be VBZ 34457 749 3 represented represent VBN 34457 749 4 in in IN 34457 749 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 749 6 diagram diagram NN 34457 749 7 by by IN 34457 749 8 the the DT 34457 749 9 point point NN 34457 749 10 C. C. NNP 34457 749 11 _ _ NNP 34457 749 12 Beyond beyond IN 34457 749 13 this this DT 34457 749 14 point point NN 34457 749 15 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 749 16 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 749 17 ceases cease VBZ 34457 749 18 to to TO 34457 749 19 exist exist VB 34457 749 20 in in IN 34457 749 21 a a DT 34457 749 22 stable stable JJ 34457 749 23 condition condition NN 34457 749 24 . . . 34457 749 25 _ _ NNP 34457 749 26 At at IN 34457 749 27 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 749 28 and and CC 34457 749 29 pressures pressure NNS 34457 749 30 above above IN 34457 749 31 this this DT 34457 749 32 triple triple JJ 34457 749 33 point point NN 34457 749 34 , , , 34457 749 35 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 749 36 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 749 37 will will MD 34457 749 38 be be VB 34457 749 39 the the DT 34457 749 40 stable stable JJ 34457 749 41 modification modification NN 34457 749 42 , , , 34457 749 43 and and CC 34457 749 44 this this DT 34457 749 45 fact fact NN 34457 749 46 is be VBZ 34457 749 47 of of IN 34457 749 48 mineralogical mineralogical JJ 34457 749 49 interest interest NN 34457 749 50 , , , 34457 749 51 because because IN 34457 749 52 it -PRON- PRP 34457 749 53 explains explain VBZ 34457 749 54 the the DT 34457 749 55 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 749 56 in in IN 34457 749 57 nature nature NN 34457 749 58 of of IN 34457 749 59 well well RB 34457 749 60 - - HYPH 34457 749 61 formed form VBN 34457 749 62 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 749 63 crystals crystal NNS 34457 749 64 . . . 34457 750 1 Under under IN 34457 750 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 750 3 conditions condition NNS 34457 750 4 , , , 34457 750 5 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 750 6 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 750 7 separates separate VBZ 34457 750 8 out out RP 34457 750 9 on on IN 34457 750 10 cooling cool VBG 34457 750 11 fused fuse VBN 34457 750 12 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 750 13 , , , 34457 750 14 but but CC 34457 750 15 at at IN 34457 750 16 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 750 17 above above IN 34457 750 18 151 151â CD 34457 750 19 ° ° NNS 34457 750 20 and and CC 34457 750 21 under under IN 34457 750 22 pressures pressure NNS 34457 750 23 greater great JJR 34457 750 24 than than IN 34457 750 25 1288 1288 CD 34457 750 26 atm atm NN 34457 750 27 . . . 34457 750 28 , , , 34457 750 29 the the DT 34457 750 30 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 750 31 form form NN 34457 750 32 would would MD 34457 750 33 be be VB 34457 750 34 produced produce VBN 34457 750 35 . . . 34457 751 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 751 2 56 56 CD 34457 751 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 751 4 Triple triple JJ 34457 751 5 Point point NN 34457 751 6 -- -- : 34457 751 7 Rhombic Rhombic NNP 34457 751 8 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 751 9 , , , 34457 751 10 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 751 11 , , , 34457 751 12 and and CC 34457 751 13 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 751 14 . . . 34457 752 1 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 752 2 Triple triple JJ 34457 752 3 Point.--On Point.--On NNS 34457 752 4 account account VBP 34457 752 5 of of IN 34457 752 6 the the DT 34457 752 7 slowness slowness NN 34457 752 8 with with IN 34457 752 9 { { -LRB- 34457 752 10 39 39 CD 34457 752 11 } } -RRB- 34457 752 12 which which WDT 34457 752 13 transformation transformation NN 34457 752 14 of of IN 34457 752 15 one one CD 34457 752 16 form form NN 34457 752 17 into into IN 34457 752 18 the the DT 34457 752 19 other other JJ 34457 752 20 takes take VBZ 34457 752 21 place place NN 34457 752 22 on on IN 34457 752 23 passing pass VBG 34457 752 24 the the DT 34457 752 25 transition transition NN 34457 752 26 point point NN 34457 752 27 , , , 34457 752 28 it -PRON- PRP 34457 752 29 has have VBZ 34457 752 30 been be VBN 34457 752 31 found find VBN 34457 752 32 possible possible JJ 34457 752 33 to to TO 34457 752 34 heat heat VB 34457 752 35 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 752 36 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 752 37 up up RP 34457 752 38 to to IN 34457 752 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 752 40 melting melting NN 34457 752 41 point point NN 34457 752 42 ( ( -LRB- 34457 752 43 114.5 114.5â CD 34457 752 44 ° ° NNS 34457 752 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 752 46 . . . 34457 753 1 At at IN 34457 753 2 this this DT 34457 753 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 753 4 , , , 34457 753 5 not not RB 34457 753 6 only only RB 34457 753 7 is be VBZ 34457 753 8 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 753 9 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 753 10 in in IN 34457 753 11 a a DT 34457 753 12 metastable metastable JJ 34457 753 13 condition condition NN 34457 753 14 , , , 34457 753 15 but but CC 34457 753 16 the the DT 34457 753 17 liquid liquid NN 34457 753 18 is be VBZ 34457 753 19 also also RB 34457 753 20 metastable metastable JJ 34457 753 21 , , , 34457 753 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 753 23 vapour vapour JJ 34457 753 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 753 25 being be VBG 34457 753 26 greater great JJR 34457 753 27 than than IN 34457 753 28 that that DT 34457 753 29 of of IN 34457 753 30 solid solid JJ 34457 753 31 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 753 32 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 753 33 . . . 34457 754 1 This this DT 34457 754 2 point point NN 34457 754 3 is be VBZ 34457 754 4 represented represent VBN 34457 754 5 in in IN 34457 754 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 754 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 754 8 by by IN 34457 754 9 the the DT 34457 754 10 point point NN 34457 754 11 b. b. NNP 34457 755 1 From from IN 34457 755 2 the the DT 34457 755 3 relative relative JJ 34457 755 4 positions position NNS 34457 755 5 of of IN 34457 755 6 the the DT 34457 755 7 metastable metastable JJ 34457 755 8 melting melting NN 34457 755 9 point point NN 34457 755 10 of of IN 34457 755 11 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 755 12 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 755 13 and and CC 34457 755 14 the the DT 34457 755 15 stable stable JJ 34457 755 16 melting melting NN 34457 755 17 point point NN 34457 755 18 of of IN 34457 755 19 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 755 20 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 755 21 at at IN 34457 755 22 120 120â CD 34457 755 23 ° ° NNS 34457 755 24 , , , 34457 755 25 we -PRON- PRP 34457 755 26 see see VBP 34457 755 27 that that IN 34457 755 28 , , , 34457 755 29 of of IN 34457 755 30 the the DT 34457 755 31 two two CD 34457 755 32 forms form NNS 34457 755 33 , , , 34457 755 34 the the DT 34457 755 35 metastable metastable JJ 34457 755 36 form form NN 34457 755 37 has have VBZ 34457 755 38 the the DT 34457 755 39 lower low JJR 34457 755 40 melting melting NN 34457 755 41 point point NN 34457 755 42 . . . 34457 756 1 This this DT 34457 756 2 , , , 34457 756 3 of of IN 34457 756 4 course course NN 34457 756 5 , , , 34457 756 6 is be VBZ 34457 756 7 valid valid JJ 34457 756 8 only only RB 34457 756 9 for for IN 34457 756 10 the the DT 34457 756 11 relative relative JJ 34457 756 12 stability stability NN 34457 756 13 in in IN 34457 756 14 the the DT 34457 756 15 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 756 16 of of IN 34457 756 17 the the DT 34457 756 18 melting melting NN 34457 756 19 point point NN 34457 756 20 ; ; : 34457 756 21 for for IN 34457 756 22 we -PRON- PRP 34457 756 23 have have VBP 34457 756 24 already already RB 34457 756 25 learned learn VBN 34457 756 26 that that IN 34457 756 27 at at IN 34457 756 28 lower low JJR 34457 756 29 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 756 30 rhombic rhombic VBP 34457 756 31 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 756 32 is be VBZ 34457 756 33 the the DT 34457 756 34 stable stable JJ 34457 756 35 , , , 34457 756 36 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 756 37 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 756 38 the the DT 34457 756 39 metastable metastable JJ 34457 756 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 756 41 or or CC 34457 756 42 unstable unstable JJ 34457 756 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 756 44 form form NN 34457 756 45 . . . 34457 757 1 Fusion fusion NN 34457 757 2 Curve curve NN 34457 757 3 of of IN 34457 757 4 Rhombic Rhombic NNPS 34457 757 5 Sulphur.--Like Sulphur.--Like , 34457 757 6 any any DT 34457 757 7 other other JJ 34457 757 8 melting melting NN 34457 757 9 point point NN 34457 757 10 , , , 34457 757 11 that that DT 34457 757 12 of of IN 34457 757 13 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 757 14 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 757 15 will will MD 34457 757 16 be be VB 34457 757 17 displaced displace VBN 34457 757 18 by by IN 34457 757 19 increase increase NN 34457 757 20 of of IN 34457 757 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 757 22 ; ; : 34457 757 23 increase increase NN 34457 757 24 of of IN 34457 757 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 757 26 raises raise VBZ 34457 757 27 the the DT 34457 757 28 melting melting NN 34457 757 29 point point NN 34457 757 30 , , , 34457 757 31 and and CC 34457 757 32 we -PRON- PRP 34457 757 33 can can MD 34457 757 34 therefore therefore RB 34457 757 35 obtain obtain VB 34457 757 36 a a DT 34457 757 37 metastable metastable JJ 34457 757 38 fusion fusion NN 34457 757 39 curve curve NN 34457 757 40 representing represent VBG 34457 757 41 the the DT 34457 757 42 conditions condition NNS 34457 757 43 under under IN 34457 757 44 which which WDT 34457 757 45 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 757 46 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 757 47 is be VBZ 34457 757 48 in in IN 34457 757 49 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 757 50 with with IN 34457 757 51 liquid liquid JJ 34457 757 52 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 757 53 . . . 34457 758 1 This this DT 34457 758 2 metastable metastable JJ 34457 758 3 fusion fusion NN 34457 758 4 curve curve NN 34457 758 5 must must MD 34457 758 6 pass pass VB 34457 758 7 through through IN 34457 758 8 the the DT 34457 758 9 triple triple JJ 34457 758 10 point point NN 34457 758 11 for for IN 34457 758 12 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 758 13 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 758 14 -- -- : 34457 758 15 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 758 16 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 758 17 -- -- : 34457 758 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 758 19 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 758 20 , , , 34457 758 21 and and CC 34457 758 22 on on IN 34457 758 23 passing pass VBG 34457 758 24 this this DT 34457 758 25 point point NN 34457 758 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 758 27 becomes become VBZ 34457 758 28 a a DT 34457 758 29 stable stable JJ 34457 758 30 fusion fusion NN 34457 758 31 curve curve NN 34457 758 32 . . . 34457 759 1 The the DT 34457 759 2 continuation continuation NN 34457 759 3 of of IN 34457 759 4 this this DT 34457 759 5 curve curve NN 34457 759 6 , , , 34457 759 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 759 8 , , , 34457 759 9 above above IN 34457 759 10 151 151â CD 34457 759 11 ° ° , 34457 759 12 forms form VBZ 34457 759 13 the the DT 34457 759 14 stable stable JJ 34457 759 15 fusion fusion NN 34457 759 16 curve curve NN 34457 759 17 of of IN 34457 759 18 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 759 19 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 759 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 759 21 curve curve NN 34457 759 22 CD cd NN 34457 759 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 759 24 . . . 34457 760 1 These these DT 34457 760 2 curves curve NNS 34457 760 3 have have VBP 34457 760 4 been be VBN 34457 760 5 investigated investigate VBN 34457 760 6 at at IN 34457 760 7 high high JJ 34457 760 8 pressures pressure NNS 34457 760 9 by by IN 34457 760 10 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 760 11 , , , 34457 760 12 and and CC 34457 760 13 the the DT 34457 760 14 results result NNS 34457 760 15 are be VBP 34457 760 16 represented represent VBN 34457 760 17 according accord VBG 34457 760 18 to to IN 34457 760 19 scale scale NN 34457 760 20 in in IN 34457 760 21 Fig Fig NNP 34457 760 22 . . . 34457 761 1 6,[57 6,[57 CD 34457 761 2 ] ] -RRB- 34457 761 3 _ _ NNP 34457 761 4 a a DT 34457 761 5 _ _ NNP 34457 761 6 being be VBG 34457 761 7 the the DT 34457 761 8 curve curve NN 34457 761 9 for for IN 34457 761 10 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 761 11 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 761 12 and and CC 34457 761 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 761 14 ; ; : 34457 761 15 _ _ NNP 34457 761 16 b b NNP 34457 761 17 _ _ NNP 34457 761 18 , , , 34457 761 19 that that IN 34457 761 20 for for IN 34457 761 21 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 761 22 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 761 23 and and CC 34457 761 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 761 25 ; ; : 34457 761 26 and and CC 34457 761 27 _ _ NNP 34457 761 28 c c NNP 34457 761 29 _ _ NNP 34457 761 30 , , , 34457 761 31 that that IN 34457 761 32 for for IN 34457 761 33 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 761 34 and and CC 34457 761 35 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 761 36 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 761 37 . . . 34457 762 1 Bivariant bivariant NN 34457 762 2 Systems.--Just Systems.--Just , 34457 762 3 as as IN 34457 762 4 in in IN 34457 762 5 the the DT 34457 762 6 case case NN 34457 762 7 of of IN 34457 762 8 the the DT 34457 762 9 diagram diagram NN 34457 762 10 of of IN 34457 762 11 states state NNS 34457 762 12 of of IN 34457 762 13 water water NN 34457 762 14 , , , 34457 762 15 the the DT 34457 762 16 areas area NNS 34457 762 17 in in IN 34457 762 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 762 19 . . . 34457 763 1 5 5 CD 34457 763 2 represent represent VB 34457 763 3 the the DT 34457 763 4 conditions condition NNS 34457 763 5 for for IN 34457 763 6 the the DT 34457 763 7 stable stable JJ 34457 763 8 existence existence NN 34457 763 9 of of IN 34457 763 10 the the DT 34457 763 11 single single JJ 34457 763 12 phases phase NNS 34457 763 13 : : : 34457 763 14 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 763 15 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 763 16 in in IN 34457 763 17 the the DT 34457 763 18 area area NN 34457 763 19 to to IN 34457 763 20 the the DT 34457 763 21 left left NN 34457 763 22 of of IN 34457 763 23 AOCD aocd NN 34457 763 24 ; ; : 34457 763 25 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 763 26 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 763 27 in in IN 34457 763 28 the the DT 34457 763 29 area area NN 34457 763 30 OBC OBC NNP 34457 763 31 ; ; : 34457 763 32 liquid liquid JJ 34457 763 33 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 763 34 in in IN 34457 763 35 the the DT 34457 763 36 area area NN 34457 763 37 EBCD EBCD NNP 34457 763 38 ; ; : 34457 763 39 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 763 40 vapour vapour NNP 34457 763 41 below below IN 34457 763 42 the the DT 34457 763 43 curves curve NNS 34457 763 44 AOBE aobe NN 34457 763 45 . . . 34457 764 1 As as IN 34457 764 2 can can MD 34457 764 3 be be VB 34457 764 4 seen see VBN 34457 764 5 from from IN 34457 764 6 the the DT 34457 764 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 764 8 , , , 34457 764 9 { { -LRB- 34457 764 10 40 40 CD 34457 764 11 } } -RRB- 34457 764 12 the the DT 34457 764 13 existence existence NN 34457 764 14 of of IN 34457 764 15 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 764 16 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 764 17 is be VBZ 34457 764 18 limited limited JJ 34457 764 19 on on IN 34457 764 20 all all DT 34457 764 21 sides side NNS 34457 764 22 , , , 34457 764 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 764 24 area area NN 34457 764 25 being be VBG 34457 764 26 bounded bound VBN 34457 764 27 by by IN 34457 764 28 the the DT 34457 764 29 curves curve NNS 34457 764 30 OB OB NNP 34457 764 31 , , , 34457 764 32 OC OC NNP 34457 764 33 , , , 34457 764 34 BC BC NNP 34457 764 35 . . . 34457 765 1 At at IN 34457 765 2 any any DT 34457 765 3 point point NN 34457 765 4 outside outside IN 34457 765 5 this this DT 34457 765 6 area area NN 34457 765 7 , , , 34457 765 8 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 765 9 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 765 10 can can MD 34457 765 11 exist exist VB 34457 765 12 only only RB 34457 765 13 in in IN 34457 765 14 a a DT 34457 765 15 metastable metastable JJ 34457 765 16 condition condition NN 34457 765 17 . . . 34457 766 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 766 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 766 3 : : : 34457 766 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 766 5 . . . 34457 767 1 6 6 LS 34457 767 2 . . . 34457 767 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 768 1 Other other JJ 34457 768 2 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 768 3 forms form NNS 34457 768 4 of of IN 34457 768 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 768 6 have have VBP 34457 768 7 been be VBN 34457 768 8 obtained,[58 obtained,[58 CD 34457 768 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 768 10 so so IN 34457 768 11 that that IN 34457 768 12 the the DT 34457 768 13 existence existence NN 34457 768 14 of of IN 34457 768 15 other other JJ 34457 768 16 systems system NNS 34457 768 17 of of IN 34457 768 18 the the DT 34457 768 19 one one CD 34457 768 20 - - HYPH 34457 768 21 component component NN 34457 768 22 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 768 23 besides besides IN 34457 768 24 those those DT 34457 768 25 already already RB 34457 768 26 described describe VBN 34457 768 27 is be VBZ 34457 768 28 possible possible JJ 34457 768 29 . . . 34457 769 1 Reference reference NN 34457 769 2 will will MD 34457 769 3 be be VB 34457 769 4 made make VBN 34457 769 5 to to IN 34457 769 6 these these DT 34457 769 7 later later JJ 34457 769 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 769 9 p. p. NN 34457 769 10 51 51 CD 34457 769 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 769 12 . . . 34457 770 1 { { -LRB- 34457 770 2 41 41 CD 34457 770 3 } } -RRB- 34457 770 4 C. C. NNP 34457 770 5 _ _ NNP 34457 770 6 Tin Tin NNP 34457 770 7 . . . 34457 770 8 _ _ NNP 34457 770 9 Another another DT 34457 770 10 substance substance NN 34457 770 11 capable capable JJ 34457 770 12 of of IN 34457 770 13 existing exist VBG 34457 770 14 in in IN 34457 770 15 more more JJR 34457 770 16 than than IN 34457 770 17 one one CD 34457 770 18 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 770 19 form form NN 34457 770 20 , , , 34457 770 21 is be VBZ 34457 770 22 the the DT 34457 770 23 metal metal NN 34457 770 24 tin tin NN 34457 770 25 , , , 34457 770 26 and and CC 34457 770 27 although although IN 34457 770 28 the the DT 34457 770 29 general general JJ 34457 770 30 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 770 31 , , , 34457 770 32 so so RB 34457 770 33 far far RB 34457 770 34 as as IN 34457 770 35 studied study VBN 34457 770 36 , , , 34457 770 37 is be VBZ 34457 770 38 analogous analogous JJ 34457 770 39 to to IN 34457 770 40 that that DT 34457 770 41 of of IN 34457 770 42 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 770 43 , , , 34457 770 44 a a DT 34457 770 45 short short JJ 34457 770 46 account account NN 34457 770 47 of of IN 34457 770 48 the the DT 34457 770 49 two two CD 34457 770 50 varieties variety NNS 34457 770 51 of of IN 34457 770 52 tin tin NN 34457 770 53 may may MD 34457 770 54 be be VB 34457 770 55 given give VBN 34457 770 56 here here RB 34457 770 57 , , , 34457 770 58 not not RB 34457 770 59 only only RB 34457 770 60 on on IN 34457 770 61 account account NN 34457 770 62 of of IN 34457 770 63 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 770 64 metallurgical metallurgical JJ 34457 770 65 interest interest NN 34457 770 66 , , , 34457 770 67 but but CC 34457 770 68 also also RB 34457 770 69 on on IN 34457 770 70 account account NN 34457 770 71 of of IN 34457 770 72 the the DT 34457 770 73 importance importance NN 34457 770 74 which which WDT 34457 770 75 the the DT 34457 770 76 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 770 77 possess possess VBP 34457 770 78 for for IN 34457 770 79 the the DT 34457 770 80 employment employment NN 34457 770 81 of of IN 34457 770 82 this this DT 34457 770 83 metal metal NN 34457 770 84 in in IN 34457 770 85 everyday everyday JJ 34457 770 86 life life NN 34457 770 87 . . . 34457 771 1 After after IN 34457 771 2 a a DT 34457 771 3 winter winter NN 34457 771 4 of of IN 34457 771 5 extreme extreme JJ 34457 771 6 severity severity NN 34457 771 7 in in IN 34457 771 8 Russia Russia NNP 34457 771 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 771 10 1867 1867 CD 34457 771 11 - - SYM 34457 771 12 1868 1868 CD 34457 771 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 771 14 , , , 34457 771 15 the the DT 34457 771 16 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 771 17 unpleasant unpleasant JJ 34457 771 18 discovery discovery NN 34457 771 19 was be VBD 34457 771 20 made make VBN 34457 771 21 that that IN 34457 771 22 a a DT 34457 771 23 number number NN 34457 771 24 of of IN 34457 771 25 blocks block NNS 34457 771 26 of of IN 34457 771 27 tin tin NN 34457 771 28 , , , 34457 771 29 which which WDT 34457 771 30 had have VBD 34457 771 31 been be VBN 34457 771 32 stored store VBN 34457 771 33 in in IN 34457 771 34 the the DT 34457 771 35 Customs Customs NNP 34457 771 36 House House NNP 34457 771 37 at at IN 34457 771 38 St. St. NNP 34457 771 39 Petersburg Petersburg NNP 34457 771 40 , , , 34457 771 41 had have VBD 34457 771 42 undergone undergo VBN 34457 771 43 disintegration disintegration NN 34457 771 44 and and CC 34457 771 45 crumbled crumble VBD 34457 771 46 to to IN 34457 771 47 a a DT 34457 771 48 grey grey JJ 34457 771 49 powder powder NN 34457 771 50 . . . 34457 772 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 772 2 59 59 CD 34457 772 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 772 4 That that IN 34457 772 5 tin tin NN 34457 772 6 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 772 7 change change NN 34457 772 8 on on IN 34457 772 9 exposure exposure NN 34457 772 10 to to IN 34457 772 11 extreme extreme JJ 34457 772 12 cold cold NN 34457 772 13 was be VBD 34457 772 14 known know VBN 34457 772 15 , , , 34457 772 16 however however RB 34457 772 17 , , , 34457 772 18 before before IN 34457 772 19 that that DT 34457 772 20 time time NN 34457 772 21 , , , 34457 772 22 even even RB 34457 772 23 as as IN 34457 772 24 far far RB 34457 772 25 back back RB 34457 772 26 as as IN 34457 772 27 the the DT 34457 772 28 time time NN 34457 772 29 of of IN 34457 772 30 Aristotle Aristotle NNP 34457 772 31 , , , 34457 772 32 who who WP 34457 772 33 spoke speak VBD 34457 772 34 of of IN 34457 772 35 the the DT 34457 772 36 tin tin NN 34457 772 37 as as IN 34457 772 38 " " `` 34457 772 39 melting melt VBG 34457 772 40 . . . 34457 773 1 " " `` 34457 773 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 773 3 60 60 CD 34457 773 4 ] ] -RRB- 34457 773 5 Ludicrous ludicrous JJ 34457 773 6 as as IN 34457 773 7 that that DT 34457 773 8 term term NN 34457 773 9 may may MD 34457 773 10 now now RB 34457 773 11 appear appear VB 34457 773 12 , , , 34457 773 13 Aristotle Aristotle NNP 34457 773 14 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 773 15 unconsciously unconsciously RB 34457 773 16 employed employ VBD 34457 773 17 a a DT 34457 773 18 strikingly strikingly RB 34457 773 19 accurate accurate JJ 34457 773 20 analogy analogy NN 34457 773 21 , , , 34457 773 22 for for IN 34457 773 23 the the DT 34457 773 24 conditions condition NNS 34457 773 25 under under IN 34457 773 26 which which WDT 34457 773 27 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 773 28 white white JJ 34457 773 29 tin tin NN 34457 773 30 passes pass NNS 34457 773 31 into into IN 34457 773 32 the the DT 34457 773 33 grey grey JJ 34457 773 34 modification modification NN 34457 773 35 are be VBP 34457 773 36 , , , 34457 773 37 in in IN 34457 773 38 many many JJ 34457 773 39 ways way NNS 34457 773 40 , , , 34457 773 41 quite quite RB 34457 773 42 analogous analogous JJ 34457 773 43 to to IN 34457 773 44 those those DT 34457 773 45 under under IN 34457 773 46 which which WDT 34457 773 47 a a DT 34457 773 48 substance substance NN 34457 773 49 passes pass VBZ 34457 773 50 from from IN 34457 773 51 the the DT 34457 773 52 solid solid JJ 34457 773 53 to to IN 34457 773 54 the the DT 34457 773 55 liquid liquid JJ 34457 773 56 state state NN 34457 773 57 . . . 34457 774 1 The the DT 34457 774 2 knowledge knowledge NN 34457 774 3 of of IN 34457 774 4 this this DT 34457 774 5 was be VBD 34457 774 6 , , , 34457 774 7 however however RB 34457 774 8 , , , 34457 774 9 beyond beyond IN 34457 774 10 the the DT 34457 774 11 wisdom wisdom NN 34457 774 12 of of IN 34457 774 13 the the DT 34457 774 14 Greek greek JJ 34457 774 15 philosopher philosopher NN 34457 774 16 . . . 34457 775 1 For for IN 34457 775 2 many many JJ 34457 775 3 years year NNS 34457 775 4 there there EX 34457 775 5 existed exist VBD 34457 775 6 considerable considerable JJ 34457 775 7 confusion confusion NN 34457 775 8 both both CC 34457 775 9 as as IN 34457 775 10 to to IN 34457 775 11 the the DT 34457 775 12 conditions condition NNS 34457 775 13 under under IN 34457 775 14 which which WDT 34457 775 15 the the DT 34457 775 16 transformation transformation NN 34457 775 17 of of IN 34457 775 18 white white JJ 34457 775 19 tin tin NN 34457 775 20 into into IN 34457 775 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 775 22 allotropic allotropic JJ 34457 775 23 modification modification NN 34457 775 24 occurs occur VBZ 34457 775 25 , , , 34457 775 26 and and CC 34457 775 27 to to IN 34457 775 28 the the DT 34457 775 29 reason reason NN 34457 775 30 of of IN 34457 775 31 the the DT 34457 775 32 change change NN 34457 775 33 . . . 34457 776 1 Under under IN 34457 776 2 the the DT 34457 776 3 guidance guidance NN 34457 776 4 of of IN 34457 776 5 the the DT 34457 776 6 Phase Phase NNP 34457 776 7 Rule Rule NNP 34457 776 8 , , , 34457 776 9 however however RB 34457 776 10 , , , 34457 776 11 the the DT 34457 776 12 confusion confusion NN 34457 776 13 which which WDT 34457 776 14 obtained obtain VBD 34457 776 15 has have VBZ 34457 776 16 been be VBN 34457 776 17 cleared clear VBN 34457 776 18 away away RB 34457 776 19 , , , 34457 776 20 and and CC 34457 776 21 the the DT 34457 776 22 " " `` 34457 776 23 mysterious mysterious JJ 34457 776 24 " " '' 34457 776 25 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 776 26 of of IN 34457 776 27 tin tin NNP 34457 776 28 brought bring VBN 34457 776 29 into into IN 34457 776 30 accord accord NN 34457 776 31 with with IN 34457 776 32 other other JJ 34457 776 33 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 776 34 of of IN 34457 776 35 transformation transformation NN 34457 776 36 . . . 34457 777 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 777 2 61 61 CD 34457 777 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 777 4 Transition transition NN 34457 777 5 Point.--Just Point.--Just , 34457 777 6 as as IN 34457 777 7 in in IN 34457 777 8 the the DT 34457 777 9 case case NN 34457 777 10 of of IN 34457 777 11 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 777 12 , , , 34457 777 13 so so RB 34457 777 14 also also RB 34457 777 15 in in IN 34457 777 16 the the DT 34457 777 17 case case NN 34457 777 18 of of IN 34457 777 19 tin tin NN 34457 777 20 , , , 34457 777 21 there there EX 34457 777 22 is be VBZ 34457 777 23 a a DT 34457 777 24 transition transition NN 34457 777 25 point point NN 34457 777 26 above above IN 34457 777 27 which which WDT 34457 777 28 the the DT 34457 777 29 { { -LRB- 34457 777 30 42 42 CD 34457 777 31 } } -RRB- 34457 777 32 one one CD 34457 777 33 form form NN 34457 777 34 , , , 34457 777 35 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 777 36 white white JJ 34457 777 37 tin tin NN 34457 777 38 , , , 34457 777 39 and and CC 34457 777 40 below below IN 34457 777 41 which which WDT 34457 777 42 the the DT 34457 777 43 other other JJ 34457 777 44 form form NN 34457 777 45 , , , 34457 777 46 grey grey NNP 34457 777 47 tin tin NNP 34457 777 48 , , , 34457 777 49 is be VBZ 34457 777 50 the the DT 34457 777 51 stable stable JJ 34457 777 52 variety variety NN 34457 777 53 . . . 34457 778 1 In in IN 34457 778 2 the the DT 34457 778 3 case case NN 34457 778 4 of of IN 34457 778 5 this this DT 34457 778 6 metal metal NN 34457 778 7 , , , 34457 778 8 the the DT 34457 778 9 transition transition NN 34457 778 10 point point NN 34457 778 11 was be VBD 34457 778 12 found find VBN 34457 778 13 by by IN 34457 778 14 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 778 15 and and CC 34457 778 16 van van NNP 34457 778 17 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 778 18 , , , 34457 778 19 who who WP 34457 778 20 employed employ VBD 34457 778 21 both both DT 34457 778 22 the the DT 34457 778 23 dilatometric dilatometric JJ 34457 778 24 and and CC 34457 778 25 the the DT 34457 778 26 electrical electrical JJ 34457 778 27 methods method NNS 34457 778 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 778 29 Appendix Appendix NNP 34457 778 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 778 31 to to TO 34457 778 32 be be VB 34457 778 33 20 20â CD 34457 778 34 ° ° NNS 34457 778 35 . . . 34457 779 1 Below below IN 34457 779 2 this this DT 34457 779 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 779 4 , , , 34457 779 5 grey grey JJ 34457 779 6 tin tin NNP 34457 779 7 is be VBZ 34457 779 8 the the DT 34457 779 9 stable stable JJ 34457 779 10 form form NN 34457 779 11 . . . 34457 780 1 But but CC 34457 780 2 , , , 34457 780 3 as as IN 34457 780 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 780 5 have have VBP 34457 780 6 seen see VBN 34457 780 7 in in IN 34457 780 8 the the DT 34457 780 9 case case NN 34457 780 10 of of IN 34457 780 11 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 780 12 , , , 34457 780 13 the the DT 34457 780 14 change change NN 34457 780 15 of of IN 34457 780 16 the the DT 34457 780 17 metastable metastable NN 34457 780 18 into into IN 34457 780 19 the the DT 34457 780 20 stable stable JJ 34457 780 21 solid solid JJ 34457 780 22 phase phase NN 34457 780 23 occurs occur VBZ 34457 780 24 with with IN 34457 780 25 considerable considerable JJ 34457 780 26 slowness slowness NN 34457 780 27 , , , 34457 780 28 and and CC 34457 780 29 this this DT 34457 780 30 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 780 31 is be VBZ 34457 780 32 found find VBN 34457 780 33 also also RB 34457 780 34 in in IN 34457 780 35 the the DT 34457 780 36 case case NN 34457 780 37 of of IN 34457 780 38 tin tin NN 34457 780 39 . . . 34457 781 1 Were be VBD 34457 781 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 781 3 not not RB 34457 781 4 so so RB 34457 781 5 , , , 34457 781 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 781 7 should should MD 34457 781 8 not not RB 34457 781 9 be be VB 34457 781 10 able able JJ 34457 781 11 to to TO 34457 781 12 use use VB 34457 781 13 this this DT 34457 781 14 metal metal NN 34457 781 15 for for IN 34457 781 16 the the DT 34457 781 17 many many JJ 34457 781 18 purposes purpose NNS 34457 781 19 to to TO 34457 781 20 which which WDT 34457 781 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 781 22 is be VBZ 34457 781 23 applied apply VBN 34457 781 24 in in IN 34457 781 25 everyday everyday JJ 34457 781 26 life life NN 34457 781 27 ; ; : 34457 781 28 for for IN 34457 781 29 , , , 34457 781 30 with with IN 34457 781 31 the the DT 34457 781 32 exception exception NN 34457 781 33 of of IN 34457 781 34 a a DT 34457 781 35 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 781 36 small small JJ 34457 781 37 number number NN 34457 781 38 of of IN 34457 781 39 days day NNS 34457 781 40 in in IN 34457 781 41 the the DT 34457 781 42 year year NN 34457 781 43 , , , 34457 781 44 the the DT 34457 781 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 781 46 of of IN 34457 781 47 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 781 48 climate climate NN 34457 781 49 is be VBZ 34457 781 50 below below IN 34457 781 51 20 20â CD 34457 781 52 ° ° NNS 34457 781 53 , , , 34457 781 54 and and CC 34457 781 55 _ _ NNP 34457 781 56 white white JJ 34457 781 57 tin tin NN 34457 781 58 is be VBZ 34457 781 59 , , , 34457 781 60 therefore therefore RB 34457 781 61 , , , 34457 781 62 at at IN 34457 781 63 the the DT 34457 781 64 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 781 65 temperature temperature NN 34457 781 66 , , , 34457 781 67 in in IN 34457 781 68 a a DT 34457 781 69 metastable metastable JJ 34457 781 70 condition condition NN 34457 781 71 _ _ NNP 34457 781 72 . . . 34457 782 1 The the DT 34457 782 2 change change NN 34457 782 3 , , , 34457 782 4 however however RB 34457 782 5 , , , 34457 782 6 into into IN 34457 782 7 the the DT 34457 782 8 stable stable JJ 34457 782 9 form form NN 34457 782 10 at at IN 34457 782 11 the the DT 34457 782 12 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 782 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 782 14 , , , 34457 782 15 although although IN 34457 782 16 slow slow JJ 34457 782 17 , , , 34457 782 18 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 782 19 takes take VBZ 34457 782 20 place place NN 34457 782 21 , , , 34457 782 22 as as IN 34457 782 23 is be VBZ 34457 782 24 shown show VBN 34457 782 25 by by IN 34457 782 26 the the DT 34457 782 27 partial partial JJ 34457 782 28 or or CC 34457 782 29 entire entire JJ 34457 782 30 conversion conversion NN 34457 782 31 of of IN 34457 782 32 articles article NNS 34457 782 33 of of IN 34457 782 34 tin tin NN 34457 782 35 which which WDT 34457 782 36 have have VBP 34457 782 37 lain lie VBN 34457 782 38 buried bury VBN 34457 782 39 for for IN 34457 782 40 several several JJ 34457 782 41 hundreds hundred NNS 34457 782 42 of of IN 34457 782 43 years year NNS 34457 782 44 . . . 34457 783 1 On on IN 34457 783 2 lowering lower VBG 34457 783 3 the the DT 34457 783 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 783 5 , , , 34457 783 6 the the DT 34457 783 7 velocity velocity NN 34457 783 8 with with IN 34457 783 9 which which WDT 34457 783 10 the the DT 34457 783 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 783 12 of of IN 34457 783 13 the the DT 34457 783 14 tin tin NN 34457 783 15 occurs occur NNS 34457 783 16 is be VBZ 34457 783 17 increased increase VBN 34457 783 18 , , , 34457 783 19 and and CC 34457 783 20 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 783 21 and and CC 34457 783 22 van van NNP 34457 783 23 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 783 24 found find VBD 34457 783 25 that that IN 34457 783 26 the the DT 34457 783 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 783 28 of of IN 34457 783 29 maximum maximum JJ 34457 783 30 velocity velocity NN 34457 783 31 is be VBZ 34457 783 32 about about IN 34457 783 33 -50 -50â NN 34457 783 34 ° ° NNS 34457 783 35 . . . 34457 784 1 Contact contact NN 34457 784 2 with with IN 34457 784 3 the the DT 34457 784 4 stable stable JJ 34457 784 5 form form NN 34457 784 6 will will MD 34457 784 7 , , , 34457 784 8 of of IN 34457 784 9 course course NN 34457 784 10 , , , 34457 784 11 facilitate facilitate VB 34457 784 12 the the DT 34457 784 13 transformation transformation NN 34457 784 14 . . . 34457 785 1 The the DT 34457 785 2 change change NN 34457 785 3 of of IN 34457 785 4 white white JJ 34457 785 5 tin tin NN 34457 785 6 into into IN 34457 785 7 grey grey NN 34457 785 8 takes take VBZ 34457 785 9 place place NN 34457 785 10 also also RB 34457 785 11 with with IN 34457 785 12 increased increase VBN 34457 785 13 velocity velocity NN 34457 785 14 in in IN 34457 785 15 presence presence NN 34457 785 16 of of IN 34457 785 17 a a DT 34457 785 18 solution solution NN 34457 785 19 of of IN 34457 785 20 tin tin NN 34457 785 21 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 785 22 chloride chloride NN 34457 785 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 785 24 pink pink JJ 34457 785 25 salt salt NN 34457 785 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 785 27 , , , 34457 785 28 which which WDT 34457 785 29 is be VBZ 34457 785 30 able able JJ 34457 785 31 to to TO 34457 785 32 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 785 33 small small JJ 34457 785 34 quantities quantity NNS 34457 785 35 of of IN 34457 785 36 tin tin NN 34457 785 37 . . . 34457 786 1 In in IN 34457 786 2 presence presence NN 34457 786 3 of of IN 34457 786 4 such such PDT 34457 786 5 a a DT 34457 786 6 solution solution NN 34457 786 7 also also RB 34457 786 8 , , , 34457 786 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 786 10 was be VBD 34457 786 11 found find VBN 34457 786 12 that that IN 34457 786 13 the the DT 34457 786 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 786 15 at at IN 34457 786 16 which which WDT 34457 786 17 the the DT 34457 786 18 velocity velocity NN 34457 786 19 of of IN 34457 786 20 transformation transformation NN 34457 786 21 was be VBD 34457 786 22 greatest great JJS 34457 786 23 was be VBD 34457 786 24 raised raise VBN 34457 786 25 to to IN 34457 786 26 0 0â NN 34457 786 27 ° ° NNS 34457 786 28 . . . 34457 787 1 At at IN 34457 787 2 this this DT 34457 787 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 787 4 , , , 34457 787 5 white white JJ 34457 787 6 tin tin NN 34457 787 7 in in IN 34457 787 8 contact contact NN 34457 787 9 with with IN 34457 787 10 a a DT 34457 787 11 solution solution NN 34457 787 12 of of IN 34457 787 13 tin tin NN 34457 787 14 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 787 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 787 16 , , , 34457 787 17 and and CC 34457 787 18 the the DT 34457 787 19 grey grey JJ 34457 787 20 modification modification NN 34457 787 21 , , , 34457 787 22 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 787 23 transformation transformation NN 34457 787 24 to to IN 34457 787 25 an an DT 34457 787 26 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 787 27 extent extent NN 34457 787 28 in in IN 34457 787 29 the the DT 34457 787 30 course course NN 34457 787 31 of of IN 34457 787 32 a a DT 34457 787 33 few few JJ 34457 787 34 days day NNS 34457 787 35 . . . 34457 788 1 Fig fig NN 34457 788 2 . . . 34457 789 1 7 7 CD 34457 789 2 is be VBZ 34457 789 3 a a DT 34457 789 4 photograph photograph NN 34457 789 5 of of IN 34457 789 6 a a DT 34457 789 7 piece piece NN 34457 789 8 of of IN 34457 789 9 white white JJ 34457 789 10 tin tin JJ 34457 789 11 undergoing undergoing JJ 34457 789 12 transformation transformation NN 34457 789 13 into into IN 34457 789 14 the the DT 34457 789 15 grey grey JJ 34457 789 16 variety variety NN 34457 789 17 . . . 34457 790 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 790 2 62 62 CD 34457 790 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 790 4 The the DT 34457 790 5 bright bright JJ 34457 790 6 surface surface NN 34457 790 7 of of IN 34457 790 8 the the DT 34457 790 9 tin tin NN 34457 790 10 becomes become VBZ 34457 790 11 covered cover VBN 34457 790 12 with with IN 34457 790 13 a a DT 34457 790 14 number number NN 34457 790 15 of of IN 34457 790 16 warty warty CD 34457 790 17 masses masse NNS 34457 790 18 , , , 34457 790 19 formed form VBN 34457 790 20 of of IN 34457 790 21 the the DT 34457 790 22 less less RBR 34457 790 23 dense dense JJ 34457 790 24 grey grey NN 34457 790 25 form form NN 34457 790 26 , , , 34457 790 27 and and CC 34457 790 28 the the DT 34457 790 29 number number NN 34457 790 30 and and CC 34457 790 31 size size NN 34457 790 32 of of IN 34457 790 33 these these DT 34457 790 34 continue continue VBP 34457 790 35 to to TO 34457 790 36 grow grow VB 34457 790 37 until until IN 34457 790 38 the the DT 34457 790 39 whole whole NN 34457 790 40 of of IN 34457 790 41 the the DT 34457 790 42 white white JJ 34457 790 43 tin tin NNP 34457 790 44 has have VBZ 34457 790 45 passed pass VBN 34457 790 46 { { -LRB- 34457 790 47 43 43 CD 34457 790 48 } } -RRB- 34457 790 49 into into IN 34457 790 50 a a DT 34457 790 51 grey grey JJ 34457 790 52 powder powder NN 34457 790 53 . . . 34457 791 1 On on IN 34457 791 2 account account NN 34457 791 3 of of IN 34457 791 4 the the DT 34457 791 5 appearance appearance NN 34457 791 6 which which WDT 34457 791 7 is be VBZ 34457 791 8 here here RB 34457 791 9 seen see VBN 34457 791 10 , , , 34457 791 11 this this DT 34457 791 12 transformation transformation NN 34457 791 13 of of IN 34457 791 14 tin tin NN 34457 791 15 has have VBZ 34457 791 16 been be VBN 34457 791 17 called call VBN 34457 791 18 by by IN 34457 791 19 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 791 20 the the DT 34457 791 21 " " `` 34457 791 22 tin tin NN 34457 791 23 plague plague NN 34457 791 24 . . . 34457 791 25 " " '' 34457 792 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 792 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 792 3 : : : 34457 792 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 792 5 . . . 34457 793 1 7 7 LS 34457 793 2 . . . 34457 793 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 794 1 { { -LRB- 34457 794 2 44 44 CD 34457 794 3 } } -RRB- 34457 794 4 Enantiotropy Enantiotropy NNP 34457 794 5 and and CC 34457 794 6 Monotropy.--In Monotropy.--In NNP 34457 794 7 the the DT 34457 794 8 case case NN 34457 794 9 of of IN 34457 794 10 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 794 11 and and CC 34457 794 12 tin tin NNP 34457 794 13 , , , 34457 794 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 794 15 have have VBP 34457 794 16 met meet VBN 34457 794 17 with with IN 34457 794 18 two two CD 34457 794 19 substances substance NNS 34457 794 20 existing exist VBG 34457 794 21 in in IN 34457 794 22 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 794 23 forms form NNS 34457 794 24 , , , 34457 794 25 and and CC 34457 794 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 794 27 have have VBP 34457 794 28 also also RB 34457 794 29 learned learn VBN 34457 794 30 that that IN 34457 794 31 these these DT 34457 794 32 forms form NNS 34457 794 33 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 794 34 a a DT 34457 794 35 definite definite JJ 34457 794 36 transition transition NN 34457 794 37 point point NN 34457 794 38 at at IN 34457 794 39 which which WDT 34457 794 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 794 41 relative relative JJ 34457 794 42 stability stability NN 34457 794 43 is be VBZ 34457 794 44 reversed reverse VBN 34457 794 45 . . . 34457 795 1 Each each DT 34457 795 2 form form NN 34457 795 3 , , , 34457 795 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 795 5 , , , 34457 795 6 possesses possess VBZ 34457 795 7 a a DT 34457 795 8 definite definite JJ 34457 795 9 range range NN 34457 795 10 of of IN 34457 795 11 stable stable JJ 34457 795 12 existence existence NN 34457 795 13 , , , 34457 795 14 and and CC 34457 795 15 is be VBZ 34457 795 16 capable capable JJ 34457 795 17 of of IN 34457 795 18 undergoing undergo VBG 34457 795 19 transformation transformation NN 34457 795 20 into into IN 34457 795 21 the the DT 34457 795 22 other other JJ 34457 795 23 , , , 34457 795 24 at at IN 34457 795 25 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 795 26 above above IN 34457 795 27 or or CC 34457 795 28 below below IN 34457 795 29 that that DT 34457 795 30 of of IN 34457 795 31 the the DT 34457 795 32 transition transition NN 34457 795 33 point point NN 34457 795 34 . . . 34457 796 1 Another another DT 34457 796 2 class class NN 34457 796 3 of of IN 34457 796 4 dimorphous dimorphous JJ 34457 796 5 substances substance NNS 34457 796 6 is be VBZ 34457 796 7 , , , 34457 796 8 however however RB 34457 796 9 , , , 34457 796 10 met meet VBD 34457 796 11 with with IN 34457 796 12 as as IN 34457 796 13 , , , 34457 796 14 for for IN 34457 796 15 instance instance NN 34457 796 16 , , , 34457 796 17 in in IN 34457 796 18 the the DT 34457 796 19 case case NN 34457 796 20 of of IN 34457 796 21 the the DT 34457 796 22 well well RB 34457 796 23 - - HYPH 34457 796 24 known know VBN 34457 796 25 compounds compound NNS 34457 796 26 iodine iodine NN 34457 796 27 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 796 28 and and CC 34457 796 29 benzophenone benzophenone NN 34457 796 30 . . . 34457 797 1 Each each DT 34457 797 2 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 797 3 form form NN 34457 797 4 has have VBZ 34457 797 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 797 6 own own JJ 34457 797 7 melting melting NN 34457 797 8 point point NN 34457 797 9 , , , 34457 797 10 the the DT 34457 797 11 dimorphous dimorphous JJ 34457 797 12 forms form NNS 34457 797 13 of of IN 34457 797 14 iodine iodine NN 34457 797 15 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 797 16 melting melt VBG 34457 797 17 at at IN 34457 797 18 13.9 13.9â CD 34457 797 19 ° ° NNS 34457 797 20 and and CC 34457 797 21 27.2 27.2â CD 34457 797 22 ° ° NNS 34457 797 23 ,[63 ,[63 . 34457 797 24 ] ] -RRB- 34457 797 25 and and CC 34457 797 26 those those DT 34457 797 27 of of IN 34457 797 28 benzophenone benzophenone NN 34457 797 29 at at IN 34457 797 30 26 26â CD 34457 797 31 ° ° NNS 34457 797 32 and and CC 34457 797 33 48 48â CD 34457 797 34 ° ° NNS 34457 797 35 . . . 34457 798 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 798 2 64 64 CD 34457 798 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 798 4 This this DT 34457 798 5 class class NN 34457 798 6 of of IN 34457 798 7 substance substance NN 34457 798 8 differs differ VBZ 34457 798 9 from from IN 34457 798 10 that that DT 34457 798 11 which which WDT 34457 798 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 798 13 have have VBP 34457 798 14 already already RB 34457 798 15 studied study VBN 34457 798 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 798 17 _ _ NNP 34457 798 18 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 798 19 _ _ NNP 34457 798 20 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 798 21 and and CC 34457 798 22 tin tin NNP 34457 798 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 798 24 , , , 34457 798 25 in in IN 34457 798 26 that that DT 34457 798 27 at at IN 34457 798 28 all all DT 34457 798 29 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 798 30 up up RP 34457 798 31 to to IN 34457 798 32 the the DT 34457 798 33 melting melting NN 34457 798 34 point point NN 34457 798 35 , , , 34457 798 36 only only RB 34457 798 37 one one CD 34457 798 38 of of IN 34457 798 39 the the DT 34457 798 40 forms form NNS 34457 798 41 is be VBZ 34457 798 42 stable stable JJ 34457 798 43 , , , 34457 798 44 the the DT 34457 798 45 other other JJ 34457 798 46 being be VBG 34457 798 47 metastable metastable JJ 34457 798 48 . . . 34457 799 1 There there EX 34457 799 2 is be VBZ 34457 799 3 , , , 34457 799 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 799 5 , , , 34457 799 6 no no DT 34457 799 7 transition transition NN 34457 799 8 point point NN 34457 799 9 , , , 34457 799 10 and and CC 34457 799 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 799 12 of of IN 34457 799 13 the the DT 34457 799 14 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 799 15 forms form NNS 34457 799 16 can can MD 34457 799 17 be be VB 34457 799 18 observed observe VBN 34457 799 19 _ _ NNP 34457 799 20 only only RB 34457 799 21 in in IN 34457 799 22 one one CD 34457 799 23 direction direction NN 34457 799 24 _ _ NNP 34457 799 25 . . . 34457 800 1 These these DT 34457 800 2 two two CD 34457 800 3 classes class NNS 34457 800 4 of of IN 34457 800 5 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 800 6 are be VBP 34457 800 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 800 8 by by IN 34457 800 9 the the DT 34457 800 10 names name NNS 34457 800 11 _ _ NNP 34457 800 12 enantiotropy enantiotropy NN 34457 800 13 _ _ NNP 34457 800 14 and and CC 34457 800 15 _ _ NNP 34457 800 16 monotropy monotropy NNP 34457 800 17 _ _ NNP 34457 800 18 ; ; : 34457 800 19 enantiotropic enantiotropic JJ 34457 800 20 substances substance NNS 34457 800 21 being be VBG 34457 800 22 such such JJ 34457 800 23 that that IN 34457 800 24 the the DT 34457 800 25 change change NN 34457 800 26 of of IN 34457 800 27 one one CD 34457 800 28 form form NN 34457 800 29 into into IN 34457 800 30 the the DT 34457 800 31 other other JJ 34457 800 32 is be VBZ 34457 800 33 a a DT 34457 800 34 reversible reversible JJ 34457 800 35 process process NN 34457 800 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 800 37 _ _ NNP 34457 800 38 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 800 39 _ _ NNP 34457 800 40 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 800 41 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 800 42 into into IN 34457 800 43 monoclinic monoclinic NNP 34457 800 44 , , , 34457 800 45 and and CC 34457 800 46 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 800 47 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 800 48 into into IN 34457 800 49 rhombic rhombic NNP 34457 800 50 ) ) -RRB- 34457 800 51 , , , 34457 800 52 and and CC 34457 800 53 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 800 54 substances substance NNS 34457 800 55 , , , 34457 800 56 those those DT 34457 800 57 in in IN 34457 800 58 which which WDT 34457 800 59 the the DT 34457 800 60 transformation transformation NN 34457 800 61 of of IN 34457 800 62 the the DT 34457 800 63 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 800 64 forms form NNS 34457 800 65 is be VBZ 34457 800 66 irreversible irreversible JJ 34457 800 67 . . . 34457 801 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 801 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 801 3 : : : 34457 801 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 801 5 . . . 34457 802 1 8 8 LS 34457 802 2 . . . 34457 802 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 803 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 803 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 803 3 : : : 34457 803 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 803 5 . . . 34457 804 1 9 9 CD 34457 804 2 . . . 34457 804 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 805 1 These these DT 34457 805 2 differences difference NNS 34457 805 3 in in IN 34457 805 4 the the DT 34457 805 5 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 805 6 can can MD 34457 805 7 be be VB 34457 805 8 explained explain VBN 34457 805 9 very very RB 34457 805 10 well well RB 34457 805 11 in in IN 34457 805 12 many many JJ 34457 805 13 cases case NNS 34457 805 14 by by IN 34457 805 15 supposing suppose VBG 34457 805 16 that that IN 34457 805 17 in in IN 34457 805 18 the the DT 34457 805 19 case case NN 34457 805 20 of of IN 34457 805 21 enantiotropic enantiotropic JJ 34457 805 22 substances substance VBZ 34457 805 23 the the DT 34457 805 24 transition transition NN 34457 805 25 point point NN 34457 805 26 lies lie VBZ 34457 805 27 below below IN 34457 805 28 the the DT 34457 805 29 melting melting NN 34457 805 30 point point NN 34457 805 31 , , , 34457 805 32 while while IN 34457 805 33 in in IN 34457 805 34 the the DT 34457 805 35 case case NN 34457 805 36 of of IN 34457 805 37 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 805 38 substances substance NNS 34457 805 39 , , , 34457 805 40 it -PRON- PRP 34457 805 41 lies lie VBZ 34457 805 42 above above IN 34457 805 43 the the DT 34457 805 44 melting melting NN 34457 805 45 point point NN 34457 805 46 . . . 34457 806 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 806 2 65 65 CD 34457 806 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 806 4 These these DT 34457 806 5 conditions condition NNS 34457 806 6 would would MD 34457 806 7 be be VB 34457 806 8 represented represent VBN 34457 806 9 by by IN 34457 806 10 the the DT 34457 806 11 Figs Figs NNPS 34457 806 12 . . . 34457 807 1 8 8 CD 34457 807 2 and and CC 34457 807 3 9 9 CD 34457 807 4 . . . 34457 808 1 In in IN 34457 808 2 these these DT 34457 808 3 two two CD 34457 808 4 figures figure NNS 34457 808 5 , , , 34457 808 6 O_{3 O_{3 NNP 34457 808 7 } } -RRB- 34457 808 8 is be VBZ 34457 808 9 the the DT 34457 808 10 transition transition NN 34457 808 11 point point NN 34457 808 12 , , , 34457 808 13 O_{1 O_{1 NNP 34457 808 14 } } -RRB- 34457 808 15 and and CC 34457 808 16 O_{2 O_{2 NNP 34457 808 17 } } -RRB- 34457 808 18 the the DT 34457 808 19 melting melt VBG 34457 808 20 points point NNS 34457 808 21 of of IN 34457 808 22 the the DT 34457 808 23 metastable metastable JJ 34457 808 24 and and CC 34457 808 25 stable stable JJ 34457 808 26 forms form NNS 34457 808 27 { { -LRB- 34457 808 28 45 45 CD 34457 808 29 } } -RRB- 34457 808 30 respectively respectively RB 34457 808 31 . . . 34457 809 1 From from IN 34457 809 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 809 3 . . . 34457 810 1 9 9 CD 34457 810 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 810 3 see see VBP 34457 810 4 that that IN 34457 810 5 the the DT 34457 810 6 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 810 7 form form NN 34457 810 8 I. I. NNP 34457 810 9 at at IN 34457 810 10 all all DT 34457 810 11 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 810 12 up up RP 34457 810 13 to to IN 34457 810 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 810 15 melting melting NN 34457 810 16 point point NN 34457 810 17 is be VBZ 34457 810 18 metastable metastable JJ 34457 810 19 with with IN 34457 810 20 respect respect NN 34457 810 21 to to IN 34457 810 22 the the DT 34457 810 23 form form NN 34457 810 24 II ii CD 34457 810 25 . . . 34457 811 1 In in IN 34457 811 2 such such JJ 34457 811 3 cases case NNS 34457 811 4 the the DT 34457 811 5 transition transition NN 34457 811 6 point point NN 34457 811 7 could could MD 34457 811 8 be be VB 34457 811 9 reached reach VBN 34457 811 10 only only RB 34457 811 11 at at IN 34457 811 12 higher high JJR 34457 811 13 pressures pressure NNS 34457 811 14 . . . 34457 812 1 Although although IN 34457 812 2 , , , 34457 812 3 as as RB 34457 812 4 already already RB 34457 812 5 stated state VBN 34457 812 6 , , , 34457 812 7 this this DT 34457 812 8 explanation explanation NN 34457 812 9 suffices suffice VBZ 34457 812 10 for for IN 34457 812 11 many many JJ 34457 812 12 cases case NNS 34457 812 13 , , , 34457 812 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 812 15 does do VBZ 34457 812 16 not not RB 34457 812 17 prove prove VB 34457 812 18 that that IN 34457 812 19 in in IN 34457 812 20 all all DT 34457 812 21 cases case NNS 34457 812 22 of of IN 34457 812 23 monotropy monotropy JJ 34457 812 24 the the DT 34457 812 25 transition transition NN 34457 812 26 point point NN 34457 812 27 is be VBZ 34457 812 28 above above IN 34457 812 29 the the DT 34457 812 30 melting melting NN 34457 812 31 point point NN 34457 812 32 of of IN 34457 812 33 the the DT 34457 812 34 two two CD 34457 812 35 forms form NNS 34457 812 36 . . . 34457 813 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 813 2 is be VBZ 34457 813 3 also also RB 34457 813 4 quite quite RB 34457 813 5 possible possible JJ 34457 813 6 that that IN 34457 813 7 the the DT 34457 813 8 transition transition NN 34457 813 9 point point NN 34457 813 10 may may MD 34457 813 11 lie lie VB 34457 813 12 below below IN 34457 813 13 the the DT 34457 813 14 melting melt VBG 34457 813 15 points;[66 points;[66 NN 34457 813 16 ] ] -RRB- 34457 813 17 in in IN 34457 813 18 this this DT 34457 813 19 case case NN 34457 813 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 813 21 have have VBP 34457 813 22 what what WP 34457 813 23 is be VBZ 34457 813 24 known know VBN 34457 813 25 as as IN 34457 813 26 _ _ NNP 34457 813 27 pseudomonotropy pseudomonotropy NN 34457 813 28 _ _ NNP 34457 813 29 . . . 34457 814 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 814 2 is be VBZ 34457 814 3 possible possible JJ 34457 814 4 that that IN 34457 814 5 graphite graphite NN 34457 814 6 and and CC 34457 814 7 diamond,[67 diamond,[67 NFP 34457 814 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 814 9 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 814 10 also also RB 34457 814 11 the the DT 34457 814 12 two two CD 34457 814 13 forms form NNS 34457 814 14 of of IN 34457 814 15 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 814 16 , , , 34457 814 17 stand stand VBP 34457 814 18 in in IN 34457 814 19 the the DT 34457 814 20 relation relation NN 34457 814 21 of of IN 34457 814 22 pseudomonotropy pseudomonotropy NN 34457 814 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 814 24 _ _ NNP 34457 814 25 v. v. IN 34457 814 26 _ _ NNP 34457 814 27 p. p. NN 34457 814 28 49 49 CD 34457 814 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 814 30 . . . 34457 815 1 The the DT 34457 815 2 disposition disposition NN 34457 815 3 of of IN 34457 815 4 the the DT 34457 815 5 curves curve NNS 34457 815 6 in in IN 34457 815 7 Figs Figs NNP 34457 815 8 . . . 34457 816 1 8 8 CD 34457 816 2 and and CC 34457 816 3 9 9 CD 34457 816 4 also also RB 34457 816 5 explains explain VBZ 34457 816 6 the the DT 34457 816 7 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 816 8 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 816 9 met meet VBD 34457 816 10 with with IN 34457 816 11 , , , 34457 816 12 especially especially RB 34457 816 13 in in IN 34457 816 14 organic organic JJ 34457 816 15 chemistry chemistry NN 34457 816 16 , , , 34457 816 17 that that IN 34457 816 18 the the DT 34457 816 19 substance substance NN 34457 816 20 first first JJ 34457 816 21 melts melt NNS 34457 816 22 , , , 34457 816 23 then then RB 34457 816 24 solidifies solidify VBZ 34457 816 25 , , , 34457 816 26 and and CC 34457 816 27 remelts remelt NNS 34457 816 28 at at IN 34457 816 29 a a DT 34457 816 30 higher high JJR 34457 816 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 816 32 . . . 34457 817 1 On on IN 34457 817 2 again again RB 34457 817 3 determining determine VBG 34457 817 4 the the DT 34457 817 5 melting melting NN 34457 817 6 point point NN 34457 817 7 after after IN 34457 817 8 re re NN 34457 817 9 - - NN 34457 817 10 solidification solidification NN 34457 817 11 , , , 34457 817 12 only only RB 34457 817 13 the the DT 34457 817 14 higher high JJR 34457 817 15 melting melting NN 34457 817 16 point point NN 34457 817 17 is be VBZ 34457 817 18 obtained obtain VBN 34457 817 19 . . . 34457 818 1 The the DT 34457 818 2 explanation explanation NN 34457 818 3 of of IN 34457 818 4 such such PDT 34457 818 5 a a DT 34457 818 6 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 818 7 is be VBZ 34457 818 8 , , , 34457 818 9 that that IN 34457 818 10 if if IN 34457 818 11 the the DT 34457 818 12 determination determination NN 34457 818 13 of of IN 34457 818 14 the the DT 34457 818 15 melting melting NN 34457 818 16 point point NN 34457 818 17 is be VBZ 34457 818 18 carried carry VBN 34457 818 19 out out RP 34457 818 20 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 818 21 , , , 34457 818 22 the the DT 34457 818 23 point point NN 34457 818 24 O_{1 O_{1 NNP 34457 818 25 } } -RRB- 34457 818 26 , , , 34457 818 27 the the DT 34457 818 28 melting melting NN 34457 818 29 point point NN 34457 818 30 of of IN 34457 818 31 the the DT 34457 818 32 metastable metastable JJ 34457 818 33 solid solid JJ 34457 818 34 form form NN 34457 818 35 , , , 34457 818 36 may may MD 34457 818 37 be be VB 34457 818 38 realized realize VBN 34457 818 39 . . . 34457 819 1 At at IN 34457 819 2 this this DT 34457 819 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 819 4 , , , 34457 819 5 however however RB 34457 819 6 , , , 34457 819 7 the the DT 34457 819 8 liquid liquid NN 34457 819 9 is be VBZ 34457 819 10 metastable metastable JJ 34457 819 11 with with IN 34457 819 12 respect respect NN 34457 819 13 to to IN 34457 819 14 the the DT 34457 819 15 stable stable JJ 34457 819 16 solid solid JJ 34457 819 17 form form NN 34457 819 18 , , , 34457 819 19 and and CC 34457 819 20 if if IN 34457 819 21 the the DT 34457 819 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 819 23 is be VBZ 34457 819 24 { { -LRB- 34457 819 25 46 46 CD 34457 819 26 } } -RRB- 34457 819 27 not not RB 34457 819 28 allowed allow VBN 34457 819 29 to to TO 34457 819 30 rise rise VB 34457 819 31 above above IN 34457 819 32 the the DT 34457 819 33 melting melting NN 34457 819 34 point point NN 34457 819 35 of of IN 34457 819 36 the the DT 34457 819 37 latter latter JJ 34457 819 38 , , , 34457 819 39 the the DT 34457 819 40 liquid liquid NN 34457 819 41 may may MD 34457 819 42 solidify solidify VB 34457 819 43 . . . 34457 820 1 The the DT 34457 820 2 stable stable JJ 34457 820 3 solid solid JJ 34457 820 4 modification modification NN 34457 820 5 thus thus RB 34457 820 6 obtained obtain VBN 34457 820 7 will will MD 34457 820 8 melt melt VB 34457 820 9 only only RB 34457 820 10 at at IN 34457 820 11 a a DT 34457 820 12 higher high JJR 34457 820 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 820 14 . . . 34457 821 1 D. D. NNP 34457 821 2 _ _ NNP 34457 821 3 Phosphorus Phosphorus NNP 34457 821 4 . . . 34457 821 5 _ _ NNP 34457 821 6 An an DT 34457 821 7 interesting interesting JJ 34457 821 8 case case NN 34457 821 9 of of IN 34457 821 10 a a DT 34457 821 11 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 821 12 dimorphous dimorphous JJ 34457 821 13 substance substance NN 34457 821 14 is be VBZ 34457 821 15 found find VBN 34457 821 16 in in IN 34457 821 17 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 821 18 , , , 34457 821 19 which which WDT 34457 821 20 occurs occur VBZ 34457 821 21 in in IN 34457 821 22 two two CD 34457 821 23 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 821 24 forms form NNS 34457 821 25 ; ; : 34457 821 26 white white JJ 34457 821 27 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 821 28 belonging belong VBG 34457 821 29 to to IN 34457 821 30 the the DT 34457 821 31 regular regular JJ 34457 821 32 system system NN 34457 821 33 , , , 34457 821 34 and and CC 34457 821 35 red red JJ 34457 821 36 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 821 37 belonging belong VBG 34457 821 38 to to IN 34457 821 39 the the DT 34457 821 40 hexagonal hexagonal JJ 34457 821 41 system system NN 34457 821 42 . . . 34457 822 1 From from IN 34457 822 2 determinations determination NNS 34457 822 3 of of IN 34457 822 4 the the DT 34457 822 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 822 6 pressures pressure NNS 34457 822 7 of of IN 34457 822 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 822 9 white white JJ 34457 822 10 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 822 11 , , , 34457 822 12 and and CC 34457 822 13 of of IN 34457 822 14 solid solid JJ 34457 822 15 red red NNP 34457 822 16 phosphorus,[68 phosphorus,[68 NNP 34457 822 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 822 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 822 19 was be VBD 34457 822 20 found find VBN 34457 822 21 that that IN 34457 822 22 the the DT 34457 822 23 vapour vapour JJ 34457 822 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 822 25 of of IN 34457 822 26 red red JJ 34457 822 27 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 822 28 was be VBD 34457 822 29 considerably considerably RB 34457 822 30 lower low JJR 34457 822 31 than than IN 34457 822 32 that that DT 34457 822 33 of of IN 34457 822 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 822 35 white white JJ 34457 822 36 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 822 37 at at IN 34457 822 38 the the DT 34457 822 39 same same JJ 34457 822 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 822 41 , , , 34457 822 42 the the DT 34457 822 43 values value NNS 34457 822 44 obtained obtain VBD 34457 822 45 being be VBG 34457 822 46 given give VBN 34457 822 47 in in IN 34457 822 48 the the DT 34457 822 49 following follow VBG 34457 822 50 table table NN 34457 822 51 . . . 34457 823 1 VAPOUR VAPOUR NNP 34457 823 2 PRESSURES PRESSURES NNP 34457 823 3 OF of IN 34457 823 4 WHITE WHITE NNP 34457 823 5 AND and CC 34457 823 6 RED RED NNP 34457 823 7 PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS NNP 34457 823 8 . . . 34457 824 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 824 2 Vapour vapour JJ 34457 824 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 824 4 of of IN 34457 824 5 liquid liquid JJ 34457 824 6 white white JJ 34457 824 7 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 824 8 . . . 34457 825 1 | | LS 34457 825 2 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 825 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 825 4 of of IN 34457 825 5 red red JJ 34457 825 6 | | NNP 34457 825 7 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 825 8 . . . 34457 826 1 -------------------------------------------------+----------------------- -------------------------------------------------+----------------------- : 34457 826 2 Temperature.| Temperature.| NNP 34457 826 3 Pressure pressure NN 34457 826 4 | | NNP 34457 826 5 Temperature.| Temperature.| NNP 34457 826 6 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 826 7 | | NNP 34457 826 8 Temperature.| Temperature.| NNP 34457 826 9 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 826 10 | | NNP 34457 826 11 in in IN 34457 826 12 cm cm NNP 34457 826 13 . . . 34457 827 1 | | NNS 34457 827 2 | | NNS 34457 827 3 in in IN 34457 827 4 atm atm NN 34457 827 5 . . . 34457 828 1 | | NNS 34457 828 2 | | NNS 34457 828 3 in in IN 34457 828 4 atm atm NN 34457 828 5 . . . 34457 829 1 ------------+----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+--------- ------------+----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+--------- NNP 34457 829 2 165 165â CD 34457 829 3 ° ° , 34457 829 4 | | CD 34457 829 5 12 12 CD 34457 829 6 | | CD 34457 829 7 360 360â CD 34457 829 8 ° ° , 34457 829 9 | | CD 34457 829 10 3.2 3.2 CD 34457 829 11 | | CD 34457 829 12 360 360â CD 34457 829 13 ° ° , 34457 829 14 | | CD 34457 829 15 0.1 0.1 CD 34457 829 16 180 180â CD 34457 829 17 ° ° , 34457 829 18 | | CD 34457 829 19 20.4 20.4 CD 34457 829 20 | | CD 34457 829 21 440 440â CD 34457 829 22 ° ° , 34457 829 23 | | CD 34457 829 24 7.5 7.5 CD 34457 829 25 | | NNP 34457 829 26 440 440â CD 34457 829 27 ° ° , 34457 829 28 | | CD 34457 829 29 1.75 1.75 CD 34457 829 30 200 200â CD 34457 829 31 ° ° , 34457 829 32 | | CD 34457 829 33 26.6 26.6 CD 34457 829 34 | | CD 34457 829 35 494 494â CD 34457 829 36 ° ° , 34457 829 37 | | CD 34457 829 38 18.0 18.0 CD 34457 829 39 | | CD 34457 829 40 487 487â CD 34457 829 41 ° ° , 34457 829 42 | | CD 34457 829 43 6.8 6.8 CD 34457 829 44 219 219â CD 34457 829 45 ° ° , 34457 829 46 | | CD 34457 829 47 35.9 35.9 CD 34457 829 48 | | CD 34457 829 49 503 503â CD 34457 829 50 ° ° , 34457 829 51 | | CD 34457 829 52 21.9 21.9 CD 34457 829 53 | | NNP 34457 829 54 510 510 NNP 34457 829 55 ° ° , 34457 829 56 | | CD 34457 829 57 10.8 10.8 CD 34457 829 58 230 230â CD 34457 829 59 ° ° , 34457 829 60 | | NNP 34457 829 61 51.4 51.4 CD 34457 829 62 | | NNP 34457 829 63 511 511 NNP 34457 829 64 ° ° , 34457 829 65 | | CD 34457 829 66 26.2 26.2 CD 34457 829 67 | | CD 34457 829 68 531 531â CD 34457 829 69 ° ° , 34457 829 70 | | CD 34457 829 71 16.0 16.0 CD 34457 829 72 290 290â CD 34457 829 73 ° ° , 34457 829 74 | | CD 34457 829 75 76.0 76.0 CD 34457 829 76 | | CD 34457 829 77 -- -- : 34457 829 78 | | NNP 34457 829 79 -- -- : 34457 829 80 | | NNP 34457 829 81 550 550â CD 34457 829 82 ° ° , 34457 829 83 | | CD 34457 829 84 31.0 31.0 CD 34457 829 85 -- -- : 34457 829 86 | | JJ 34457 829 87 -- -- : 34457 829 88 | | JJ 34457 829 89 -- -- : 34457 829 90 | | NNP 34457 829 91 -- -- : 34457 829 92 | | NNP 34457 829 93 577 577 NNP 34457 829 94 ° ° , 34457 829 95 | | CD 34457 829 96 56.0 56.0 CD 34457 829 97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 829 98 These these DT 34457 829 99 values value NNS 34457 829 100 are be VBP 34457 829 101 also also RB 34457 829 102 represented represent VBN 34457 829 103 graphically graphically RB 34457 829 104 in in IN 34457 829 105 Fig Fig NNP 34457 829 106 . . . 34457 830 1 10 10 CD 34457 830 2 . . . 34457 831 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 831 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 831 3 : : : 34457 831 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 831 5 . . . 34457 832 1 10 10 CD 34457 832 2 . . . 34457 832 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 833 1 At at IN 34457 833 2 all all DT 34457 833 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 833 4 above above IN 34457 833 5 about about IN 34457 833 6 260 260â CD 34457 833 7 ° ° NNS 34457 833 8 , , , 34457 833 9 transformation transformation NN 34457 833 10 of of IN 34457 833 11 the the DT 34457 833 12 white white NN 34457 833 13 into into IN 34457 833 14 the the DT 34457 833 15 red red JJ 34457 833 16 modification modification NN 34457 833 17 takes take VBZ 34457 833 18 place place NN 34457 833 19 with with IN 34457 833 20 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 833 21 velocity velocity NN 34457 833 22 , , , 34457 833 23 and and CC 34457 833 24 this this DT 34457 833 25 velocity velocity NN 34457 833 26 increases increase VBZ 34457 833 27 as as IN 34457 833 28 the the DT 34457 833 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 833 30 is be VBZ 34457 833 31 raised raise VBN 34457 833 32 . . . 34457 834 1 Even even RB 34457 834 2 at at IN 34457 834 3 lower low JJR 34457 834 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 834 5 , , , 34457 834 6 _ _ NNP 34457 834 7 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 834 8 _ _ NNP 34457 834 9 at at IN 34457 834 10 the the DT 34457 834 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 834 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 834 13 , , , 34457 834 14 the the DT 34457 834 15 velocity velocity NN 34457 834 16 of of IN 34457 834 17 transformation transformation NN 34457 834 18 is be VBZ 34457 834 19 increased increase VBN 34457 834 20 under under IN 34457 834 21 the the DT 34457 834 22 influence influence NN 34457 834 23 { { -LRB- 34457 834 24 47 47 CD 34457 834 25 } } -RRB- 34457 834 26 of of IN 34457 834 27 light,[69 light,[69 NN 34457 834 28 ] ] -RRB- 34457 834 29 or or CC 34457 834 30 by by IN 34457 834 31 the the DT 34457 834 32 presence presence NN 34457 834 33 of of IN 34457 834 34 certain certain JJ 34457 834 35 substances substance NNS 34457 834 36 , , , 34457 834 37 _ _ NNP 34457 834 38 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 834 39 _ _ NNP 34457 834 40 iodine,[70 iodine,[70 NFP 34457 834 41 ] ] -RRB- 34457 834 42 just just RB 34457 834 43 as as IN 34457 834 44 the the DT 34457 834 45 velocity velocity NN 34457 834 46 of of IN 34457 834 47 transformation transformation NN 34457 834 48 of of IN 34457 834 49 white white JJ 34457 834 50 tin tin NN 34457 834 51 into into IN 34457 834 52 the the DT 34457 834 53 grey grey JJ 34457 834 54 modification modification NN 34457 834 55 was be VBD 34457 834 56 increased increase VBN 34457 834 57 by by IN 34457 834 58 the the DT 34457 834 59 presence presence NN 34457 834 60 of of IN 34457 834 61 a a DT 34457 834 62 solution solution NN 34457 834 63 of of IN 34457 834 64 tin tin NN 34457 834 65 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 834 66 chloride chloride NN 34457 834 67 ( ( -LRB- 34457 834 68 p. p. NN 34457 834 69 40 40 CD 34457 834 70 ) ) -RRB- 34457 834 71 . . . 34457 835 1 At at IN 34457 835 2 the the DT 34457 835 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 835 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 835 5 , , , 34457 835 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 835 7 , , , 34457 835 8 white white JJ 34457 835 9 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 835 10 must must MD 34457 835 11 be be VB 34457 835 12 considered consider VBN 34457 835 13 as as IN 34457 835 14 the the DT 34457 835 15 less less RBR 34457 835 16 stable stable JJ 34457 835 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 835 18 metastable metastable JJ 34457 835 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 835 20 form form NN 34457 835 21 , , , 34457 835 22 for for IN 34457 835 23 although although IN 34457 835 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 835 25 can can MD 34457 835 26 exist exist VB 34457 835 27 in in IN 34457 835 28 contact contact NN 34457 835 29 with with IN 34457 835 30 red red JJ 34457 835 31 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 835 32 for for IN 34457 835 33 a a DT 34457 835 34 long long JJ 34457 835 35 period period NN 34457 835 36 , , , 34457 835 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 835 38 vapour vapour NN 34457 835 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 835 40 , , , 34457 835 41 as as IN 34457 835 42 we -PRON- PRP 34457 835 43 have have VBP 34457 835 44 seen see VBN 34457 835 45 , , , 34457 835 46 is be VBZ 34457 835 47 greater great JJR 34457 835 48 than than IN 34457 835 49 that that DT 34457 835 50 of of IN 34457 835 51 the the DT 34457 835 52 red red JJ 34457 835 53 modification modification NN 34457 835 54 , , , 34457 835 55 and and CC 34457 835 56 also also RB 34457 835 57 , , , 34457 835 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 835 59 solubility solubility NN 34457 835 60 in in IN 34457 835 61 different different JJ 34457 835 62 solvents solvent NNS 34457 835 63 is be VBZ 34457 835 64 greater[71 greater[71 NNP 34457 835 65 ] ] -RRB- 34457 835 66 than than IN 34457 835 67 that that DT 34457 835 68 of of IN 34457 835 69 the the DT 34457 835 70 red red JJ 34457 835 71 modification modification NN 34457 835 72 ; ; : 34457 835 73 as as IN 34457 835 74 we -PRON- PRP 34457 835 75 shall shall MD 34457 835 76 find find VB 34457 835 77 later later RBR 34457 835 78 , , , 34457 835 79 the the DT 34457 835 80 solubility solubility NN 34457 835 81 of of IN 34457 835 82 the the DT 34457 835 83 metastable metastable JJ 34457 835 84 form form NN 34457 835 85 is be VBZ 34457 835 86 always always RB 34457 835 87 greater great JJR 34457 835 88 than than IN 34457 835 89 that that DT 34457 835 90 of of IN 34457 835 91 the the DT 34457 835 92 stable stable JJ 34457 835 93 . . . 34457 836 1 The the DT 34457 836 2 relationships relationship NNS 34457 836 3 which which WDT 34457 836 4 are be VBP 34457 836 5 met meet VBN 34457 836 6 with with IN 34457 836 7 in in IN 34457 836 8 the the DT 34457 836 9 case case NN 34457 836 10 of of IN 34457 836 11 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 836 12 can can MD 34457 836 13 be be VB 34457 836 14 best well RBS 34457 836 15 represented represent VBN 34457 836 16 by by IN 34457 836 17 the the DT 34457 836 18 diagram diagram NN 34457 836 19 , , , 34457 836 20 Fig Fig NNP 34457 836 21 . . . 34457 837 1 11 11 CD 34457 837 2 . . . 34457 838 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 838 2 72 72 CD 34457 838 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 838 4 In in IN 34457 838 5 this this DT 34457 838 6 figure figure NN 34457 838 7 , , , 34457 838 8 BO_{1 BO_{1 NNP 34457 838 9 } } -RRB- 34457 838 10 represents represent VBZ 34457 838 11 the the DT 34457 838 12 conditions condition NNS 34457 838 13 of of IN 34457 838 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 838 15 of of IN 34457 838 16 the the DT 34457 838 17 univariant univariant JJ 34457 838 18 system system NN 34457 838 19 red red JJ 34457 838 20 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 838 21 and and CC 34457 838 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 838 23 , , , 34457 838 24 which which WDT 34457 838 25 ends end VBZ 34457 838 26 at at IN 34457 838 27 O_{1 O_{1 NNP 34457 838 28 } } -RRB- 34457 838 29 , , , 34457 838 30 the the DT 34457 838 31 melting melting NN 34457 838 32 point point NN 34457 838 33 of of IN 34457 838 34 red red JJ 34457 838 35 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 838 36 . . . 34457 839 1 By by IN 34457 839 2 heating heating NN 34457 839 3 in in IN 34457 839 4 capillary capillary JJ 34457 839 5 tubes tube NNS 34457 839 6 of of IN 34457 839 7 hard hard JJ 34457 839 8 glass glass NN 34457 839 9 , , , 34457 839 10 Chapman[73 chapman[73 ADD 34457 839 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 839 12 found find VBD 34457 839 13 that that IN 34457 839 14 red red JJ 34457 839 15 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 839 16 melts melt NNS 34457 839 17 at at IN 34457 839 18 the the DT 34457 839 19 melting melting NN 34457 839 20 point point NN 34457 839 21 of of IN 34457 839 22 potassium potassium NN 34457 839 23 iodide iodide NN 34457 839 24 , , , 34457 839 25 _ _ NNP 34457 839 26 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 839 27 _ _ NNP 34457 839 28 about about IN 34457 839 29 630 630â CD 34457 839 30 ° ° NNS 34457 839 31 ,[74 ,[74 , 34457 839 32 ] ] -RRB- 34457 839 33 but but CC 34457 839 34 the the DT 34457 839 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 839 36 at at IN 34457 839 37 this this DT 34457 839 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 839 39 is be VBZ 34457 839 40 unknown unknown JJ 34457 839 41 . . . 34457 840 1 At at IN 34457 840 2 O_{1 O_{1 NNP 34457 840 3 } } -RRB- 34457 840 4 , , , 34457 840 5 then then RB 34457 840 6 , , , 34457 840 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 840 8 have have VBP 34457 840 9 the the DT 34457 840 10 triple triple JJ 34457 840 11 point point NN 34457 840 12 , , , 34457 840 13 red red JJ 34457 840 14 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 840 15 , , , 34457 840 16 liquid liquid NN 34457 840 17 , , , 34457 840 18 and and CC 34457 840 19 vapour vapour RB 34457 840 20 , , , 34457 840 21 and and CC 34457 840 22 starting start VBG 34457 840 23 from from IN 34457 840 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 840 25 , , , 34457 840 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 840 27 should should MD 34457 840 28 have have VB 34457 840 29 the the DT 34457 840 30 { { -LRB- 34457 840 31 48 48 CD 34457 840 32 } } -RRB- 34457 840 33 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 840 34 curve curve NN 34457 840 35 of of IN 34457 840 36 liquid liquid JJ 34457 840 37 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 840 38 , , , 34457 840 39 O_{1}A O_{1}A NNP 34457 840 40 , , , 34457 840 41 and and CC 34457 840 42 the the DT 34457 840 43 fusion fusion NN 34457 840 44 curve curve NN 34457 840 45 of of IN 34457 840 46 red red JJ 34457 840 47 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 840 48 , , , 34457 840 49 O_{1}F. O_{1}F. NNP 34457 840 50 Although although IN 34457 840 51 these these DT 34457 840 52 have have VBP 34457 840 53 not not RB 34457 840 54 been be VBN 34457 840 55 determined determine VBN 34457 840 56 , , , 34457 840 57 the the DT 34457 840 58 latter latter JJ 34457 840 59 curve curve NN 34457 840 60 must must MD 34457 840 61 , , , 34457 840 62 from from IN 34457 840 63 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 840 64 considerations consideration NNS 34457 840 65 ( ( -LRB- 34457 840 66 _ _ NNP 34457 840 67 v. v. IN 34457 840 68 _ _ NNP 34457 840 69 p. p. NN 34457 840 70 58 58 CD 34457 840 71 ) ) -RRB- 34457 840 72 , , , 34457 840 73 slope slope VBP 34457 840 74 slightly slightly RB 34457 840 75 to to IN 34457 840 76 the the DT 34457 840 77 right right NN 34457 840 78 ; ; : 34457 840 79 _ _ NNP 34457 840 80 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 840 81 _ _ NNP 34457 840 82 increase increase NN 34457 840 83 of of IN 34457 840 84 pressure pressure NN 34457 840 85 raises raise VBZ 34457 840 86 the the DT 34457 840 87 melting melting NN 34457 840 88 point point NN 34457 840 89 of of IN 34457 840 90 red red JJ 34457 840 91 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 840 92 . . . 34457 841 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 841 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 841 3 : : : 34457 841 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 841 5 . . . 34457 842 1 11 11 CD 34457 842 2 . . . 34457 842 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 843 1 When when WRB 34457 843 2 white white JJ 34457 843 3 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 843 4 is be VBZ 34457 843 5 heated heat VBN 34457 843 6 to to IN 34457 843 7 44 44â CD 34457 843 8 ° ° NNS 34457 843 9 , , , 34457 843 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 843 11 melts melt VBZ 34457 843 12 . . . 34457 844 1 At at IN 34457 844 2 this this DT 34457 844 3 point point NN 34457 844 4 , , , 34457 844 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 844 6 , , , 34457 844 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 844 8 shall shall MD 34457 844 9 have have VB 34457 844 10 another another DT 34457 844 11 triple triple JJ 34457 844 12 point point NN 34457 844 13 , , , 34457 844 14 white white JJ 34457 844 15 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 844 16 -- -- : 34457 844 17 liquid liquid NN 34457 844 18 -- -- : 34457 844 19 vapour vapour RB 34457 844 20 ; ; : 34457 844 21 the the DT 34457 844 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 844 23 at at IN 34457 844 24 this this DT 34457 844 25 point point NN 34457 844 26 has have VBZ 34457 844 27 been be VBN 34457 844 28 calculated calculate VBN 34457 844 29 to to TO 34457 844 30 be be VB 34457 844 31 3 3 CD 34457 844 32 mm mm CD 34457 844 33 . . . 34457 845 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 845 2 75 75 CD 34457 845 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 845 4 This this DT 34457 845 5 point point NN 34457 845 6 is be VBZ 34457 845 7 the the DT 34457 845 8 intersection intersection NN 34457 845 9 of of IN 34457 845 10 three three CD 34457 845 11 curves curve NNS 34457 845 12 , , , 34457 845 13 viz viz NN 34457 845 14 . . . 34457 846 1 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 846 2 curve curve NN 34457 846 3 , , , 34457 846 4 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 846 5 curve curve NN 34457 846 6 , , , 34457 846 7 and and CC 34457 846 8 the the DT 34457 846 9 fusion fusion NN 34457 846 10 curve curve NN 34457 846 11 of of IN 34457 846 12 white white JJ 34457 846 13 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 846 14 . . . 34457 847 1 The the DT 34457 847 2 fusion fusion NN 34457 847 3 curve curve NN 34457 847 4 , , , 34457 847 5 O_{2}E O_{2}E NNP 34457 847 6 , , , 34457 847 7 has have VBZ 34457 847 8 been be VBN 34457 847 9 determined determine VBN 34457 847 10 by by IN 34457 847 11 Tammann[76 tammann[76 CD 34457 847 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 847 13 and and CC 34457 847 14 by by IN 34457 847 15 G. G. NNP 34457 847 16 A. A. NNP 34457 847 17 Hulett,[77 Hulett,[77 NNP 34457 847 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 847 19 and and CC 34457 847 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 847 21 was be VBD 34457 847 22 found find VBN 34457 847 23 that that DT 34457 847 24 increase increase NN 34457 847 25 of of IN 34457 847 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 847 27 by by IN 34457 847 28 1 1 CD 34457 847 29 atm atm NN 34457 847 30 . . . 34457 848 1 raises raise VBZ 34457 848 2 the the DT 34457 848 3 melting melting NN 34457 848 4 point point NN 34457 848 5 by by IN 34457 848 6 0.029 0.029â CD 34457 848 7 ° ° NNS 34457 848 8 . . . 34457 849 1 The the DT 34457 849 2 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 849 3 curve curve NN 34457 849 4 of of IN 34457 849 5 white white JJ 34457 849 6 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 849 7 has have VBZ 34457 849 8 not not RB 34457 849 9 yet yet RB 34457 849 10 been be VBN 34457 849 11 determined determine VBN 34457 849 12 . . . 34457 850 1 As as IN 34457 850 2 can can MD 34457 850 3 be be VB 34457 850 4 seen see VBN 34457 850 5 from from IN 34457 850 6 the the DT 34457 850 7 table table NN 34457 850 8 of of IN 34457 850 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 850 10 pressures pressure NNS 34457 850 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 850 12 p. p. NN 34457 850 13 46 46 CD 34457 850 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 850 15 , , , 34457 850 16 the the DT 34457 850 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 850 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 850 19 of of IN 34457 850 20 white white JJ 34457 850 21 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 850 22 has have VBZ 34457 850 23 been be VBN 34457 850 24 determined determine VBN 34457 850 25 up up IN 34457 850 26 to to IN 34457 850 27 500 500â CD 34457 850 28 ° ° NNS 34457 850 29 ; ; : 34457 850 30 at at IN 34457 850 31 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 850 32 above above IN 34457 850 33 this this DT 34457 850 34 , , , 34457 850 35 however however RB 34457 850 36 , , , 34457 850 37 the the DT 34457 850 38 velocity velocity NN 34457 850 39 with with IN 34457 850 40 which which WDT 34457 850 41 transformation transformation NN 34457 850 42 into into IN 34457 850 43 red red JJ 34457 850 44 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 850 45 takes take VBZ 34457 850 46 place place NN 34457 850 47 is be VBZ 34457 850 48 so so RB 34457 850 49 great great JJ 34457 850 50 as as IN 34457 850 51 to to TO 34457 850 52 render render VB 34457 850 53 the the DT 34457 850 54 determination determination NN 34457 850 55 of of IN 34457 850 56 the the DT 34457 850 57 vapour vapour NNP 34457 850 58 pressure pressure NN 34457 850 59 { { -LRB- 34457 850 60 49 49 CD 34457 850 61 } } -RRB- 34457 850 62 at at IN 34457 850 63 higher high JJR 34457 850 64 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 850 65 impossible impossible JJ 34457 850 66 . . . 34457 851 1 Since since IN 34457 851 2 , , , 34457 851 3 however however RB 34457 851 4 , , , 34457 851 5 the the DT 34457 851 6 difference difference NN 34457 851 7 between between IN 34457 851 8 white white JJ 34457 851 9 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 851 10 and and CC 34457 851 11 red red JJ 34457 851 12 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 851 13 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 851 14 in in IN 34457 851 15 the the DT 34457 851 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 851 17 state state NN 34457 851 18 , , , 34457 851 19 the the DT 34457 851 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 851 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 851 22 curve curve NN 34457 851 23 of of IN 34457 851 24 white white JJ 34457 851 25 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 851 26 must must MD 34457 851 27 pass pass VB 34457 851 28 through through IN 34457 851 29 the the DT 34457 851 30 point point NN 34457 851 31 O_{1 O_{1 NNP 34457 851 32 } } -RRB- 34457 851 33 , , , 34457 851 34 the the DT 34457 851 35 melting melting NN 34457 851 36 point point NN 34457 851 37 of of IN 34457 851 38 red red JJ 34457 851 39 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 851 40 , , , 34457 851 41 and and CC 34457 851 42 must must MD 34457 851 43 be be VB 34457 851 44 continuous continuous JJ 34457 851 45 with with IN 34457 851 46 the the DT 34457 851 47 curve curve NN 34457 851 48 O_{1}A O_{1}A NNP 34457 851 49 , , , 34457 851 50 the the DT 34457 851 51 vapour vapour NN 34457 851 52 pressure pressure NN 34457 851 53 curve curve NN 34457 851 54 of of IN 34457 851 55 liquid liquid JJ 34457 851 56 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 851 57 ( ( -LRB- 34457 851 58 _ _ NNP 34457 851 59 vide vide NN 34457 851 60 infra infra NNP 34457 851 61 _ _ NNP 34457 851 62 ) ) -RRB- 34457 851 63 . . . 34457 852 1 Since since IN 34457 852 2 , , , 34457 852 3 as as IN 34457 852 4 Fig Fig NNP 34457 852 5 . . . 34457 853 1 10 10 CD 34457 853 2 shows show NNS 34457 853 3 , , , 34457 853 4 the the DT 34457 853 5 vapour vapour NN 34457 853 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 853 7 curve curve NN 34457 853 8 of of IN 34457 853 9 white white JJ 34457 853 10 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 853 11 ascends ascend VBZ 34457 853 12 very very RB 34457 853 13 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 853 14 at at IN 34457 853 15 higher high JJR 34457 853 16 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 853 17 , , , 34457 853 18 the the DT 34457 853 19 " " `` 34457 853 20 break break NN 34457 853 21 " " '' 34457 853 22 between between IN 34457 853 23 BO_{1 BO_{1 NNP 34457 853 24 } } -RRB- 34457 853 25 and and CC 34457 853 26 O_{1}A O_{1}A NNP 34457 853 27 must must MD 34457 853 28 be be VB 34457 853 29 very very RB 34457 853 30 slight slight JJ 34457 853 31 . . . 34457 854 1 As as IN 34457 854 2 compared compare VBN 34457 854 3 with with IN 34457 854 4 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 854 5 substances substance NNS 34457 854 6 like like IN 34457 854 7 benzophenone benzophenone NN 34457 854 8 , , , 34457 854 9 phosphorus phosphorus NNP 34457 854 10 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 854 11 the the DT 34457 854 12 peculiarity peculiarity NN 34457 854 13 that that DT 34457 854 14 transformation transformation NN 34457 854 15 of of IN 34457 854 16 the the DT 34457 854 17 metastable metastable JJ 34457 854 18 into into IN 34457 854 19 the the DT 34457 854 20 stable stable JJ 34457 854 21 modification modification NN 34457 854 22 takes take VBZ 34457 854 23 place place NN 34457 854 24 with with IN 34457 854 25 great great JJ 34457 854 26 slowness slowness NN 34457 854 27 ; ; : 34457 854 28 and and CC 34457 854 29 further far RBR 34457 854 30 , , , 34457 854 31 the the DT 34457 854 32 time time NN 34457 854 33 required require VBN 34457 854 34 for for IN 34457 854 35 the the DT 34457 854 36 production production NN 34457 854 37 of of IN 34457 854 38 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 854 39 between between IN 34457 854 40 red red JJ 34457 854 41 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 854 42 and and CC 34457 854 43 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 854 44 vapour vapour NN 34457 854 45 is be VBZ 34457 854 46 great great RB 34457 854 47 compared compare VBN 34457 854 48 with with IN 34457 854 49 that that DT 34457 854 50 required require VBN 34457 854 51 for for IN 34457 854 52 establishing establish VBG 34457 854 53 the the DT 34457 854 54 same same JJ 34457 854 55 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 854 56 in in IN 34457 854 57 the the DT 34457 854 58 case case NN 34457 854 59 of of IN 34457 854 60 white white JJ 34457 854 61 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 854 62 . . . 34457 855 1 This this DT 34457 855 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 855 3 can can MD 34457 855 4 be be VB 34457 855 5 best well RBS 34457 855 6 explained explain VBN 34457 855 7 by by IN 34457 855 8 the the DT 34457 855 9 assumption assumption NN 34457 855 10 that that IN 34457 855 11 change change VBP 34457 855 12 in in IN 34457 855 13 the the DT 34457 855 14 molecular molecular JJ 34457 855 15 complexity complexity NN 34457 855 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 855 17 polymerization polymerization NN 34457 855 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 855 19 occurs occur VBZ 34457 855 20 in in IN 34457 855 21 the the DT 34457 855 22 conversion conversion NN 34457 855 23 of of IN 34457 855 24 white white JJ 34457 855 25 into into IN 34457 855 26 red red JJ 34457 855 27 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 855 28 , , , 34457 855 29 and and CC 34457 855 30 when when WRB 34457 855 31 red red JJ 34457 855 32 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 855 33 passes pass VBZ 34457 855 34 into into IN 34457 855 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 855 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 855 37 depolymerization depolymerization NN 34457 855 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 855 39 . . . 34457 856 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 856 2 78 78 CD 34457 856 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 856 4 This this DT 34457 856 5 is be VBZ 34457 856 6 borne bear VBN 34457 856 7 out out RP 34457 856 8 by by IN 34457 856 9 the the DT 34457 856 10 fact fact NN 34457 856 11 that that IN 34457 856 12 measurements measurement NNS 34457 856 13 of of IN 34457 856 14 the the DT 34457 856 15 vapour vapour JJ 34457 856 16 density density NN 34457 856 17 of of IN 34457 856 18 phosphorus phosphorus NNP 34457 856 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 856 20 at at IN 34457 856 21 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 856 22 of of IN 34457 856 23 500 500â CD 34457 856 24 ° ° NNS 34457 856 25 and and CC 34457 856 26 more more RBR 34457 856 27 , , , 34457 856 28 show show VB 34457 856 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 856 30 to to TO 34457 856 31 have have VB 34457 856 32 the the DT 34457 856 33 molecular molecular JJ 34457 856 34 weight weight NN 34457 856 35 represented represent VBN 34457 856 36 by by IN 34457 856 37 P_{4},[79 P_{4},[79 NNP 34457 856 38 ] ] -RRB- 34457 856 39 and and CC 34457 856 40 the the DT 34457 856 41 same same JJ 34457 856 42 molecular molecular JJ 34457 856 43 weight weight NN 34457 856 44 has have VBZ 34457 856 45 been be VBN 34457 856 46 found find VBN 34457 856 47 for for IN 34457 856 48 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 856 49 in in IN 34457 856 50 solution solution NN 34457 856 51 . . . 34457 857 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 857 2 80 80 CD 34457 857 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 857 4 On on IN 34457 857 5 the the DT 34457 857 6 other other JJ 34457 857 7 hand hand NN 34457 857 8 , , , 34457 857 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 857 10 has have VBZ 34457 857 11 recently recently RB 34457 857 12 been be VBN 34457 857 13 shown show VBN 34457 857 14 by by IN 34457 857 15 R. R. NNP 34457 857 16 Schenck,[81 schenck,[81 NN 34457 857 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 857 18 that that IN 34457 857 19 the the DT 34457 857 20 molecular molecular JJ 34457 857 21 weight weight NN 34457 857 22 of of IN 34457 857 23 red red JJ 34457 857 24 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 857 25 is be VBZ 34457 857 26 at at IN 34457 857 27 least least JJS 34457 857 28 P_{8 P_{8 NNP 34457 857 29 } } -RRB- 34457 857 30 , , , 34457 857 31 and and CC 34457 857 32 very very RB 34457 857 33 possibly possibly RB 34457 857 34 higher higher RBR 34457 857 35 . . . 34457 858 1 In in IN 34457 858 2 the the DT 34457 858 3 case case NN 34457 858 4 of of IN 34457 858 5 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 858 6 , , , 34457 858 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 858 8 , , , 34457 858 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 858 10 is be VBZ 34457 858 11 more more JJR 34457 858 12 than than IN 34457 858 13 possible possible JJ 34457 858 14 that that IN 34457 858 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 858 16 are be VBP 34457 858 17 dealing deal VBG 34457 858 18 , , , 34457 858 19 not not RB 34457 858 20 simply simply RB 34457 858 21 with with IN 34457 858 22 two two CD 34457 858 23 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 858 24 { { -LRB- 34457 858 25 50 50 CD 34457 858 26 } } -RRB- 34457 858 27 forms form NNS 34457 858 28 of of IN 34457 858 29 the the DT 34457 858 30 same same JJ 34457 858 31 substance substance NN 34457 858 32 , , , 34457 858 33 but but CC 34457 858 34 with with IN 34457 858 35 polymeric polymeric JJ 34457 858 36 forms form NNS 34457 858 37 , , , 34457 858 38 and and CC 34457 858 39 that that IN 34457 858 40 there there EX 34457 858 41 is be VBZ 34457 858 42 no no DT 34457 858 43 transition transition NN 34457 858 44 point point NN 34457 858 45 at at IN 34457 858 46 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 858 47 above above IN 34457 858 48 the the DT 34457 858 49 absolute absolute JJ 34457 858 50 zero zero CD 34457 858 51 , , , 34457 858 52 unless unless IN 34457 858 53 we -PRON- PRP 34457 858 54 assume assume VBP 34457 858 55 the the DT 34457 858 56 molecular molecular JJ 34457 858 57 complexity complexity NN 34457 858 58 of of IN 34457 858 59 the the DT 34457 858 60 two two CD 34457 858 61 forms form NNS 34457 858 62 to to TO 34457 858 63 become become VB 34457 858 64 the the DT 34457 858 65 same same JJ 34457 858 66 . . . 34457 859 1 The the DT 34457 859 2 curve curve NN 34457 859 3 for for IN 34457 859 4 red red JJ 34457 859 5 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 859 6 would would MD 34457 859 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 859 8 lie lie VB 34457 859 9 below below IN 34457 859 10 that that DT 34457 859 11 of of IN 34457 859 12 white white JJ 34457 859 13 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 859 14 , , , 34457 859 15 for for IN 34457 859 16 the the DT 34457 859 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 859 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 859 19 of of IN 34457 859 20 the the DT 34457 859 21 polymeric polymeric JJ 34457 859 22 form form NN 34457 859 23 , , , 34457 859 24 if if IN 34457 859 25 produced produce VBN 34457 859 26 from from IN 34457 859 27 the the DT 34457 859 28 simpler simple JJR 34457 859 29 form form NN 34457 859 30 with with IN 34457 859 31 evolution evolution NN 34457 859 32 of of IN 34457 859 33 heat heat NN 34457 859 34 , , , 34457 859 35 must must MD 34457 859 36 be be VB 34457 859 37 lower low JJR 34457 859 38 than than IN 34457 859 39 that that DT 34457 859 40 of of IN 34457 859 41 the the DT 34457 859 42 latter latter JJ 34457 859 43 . . . 34457 860 1 A a DT 34457 860 2 transition transition NN 34457 860 3 point point NN 34457 860 4 would would MD 34457 860 5 , , , 34457 860 6 of of IN 34457 860 7 course course NN 34457 860 8 , , , 34457 860 9 become become VBN 34457 860 10 possible possible JJ 34457 860 11 if if IN 34457 860 12 the the DT 34457 860 13 sign sign NN 34457 860 14 of of IN 34457 860 15 the the DT 34457 860 16 heat heat NN 34457 860 17 effect effect NN 34457 860 18 in in IN 34457 860 19 the the DT 34457 860 20 transformation transformation NN 34457 860 21 of of IN 34457 860 22 the the DT 34457 860 23 one one CD 34457 860 24 modification modification NN 34457 860 25 into into IN 34457 860 26 the the DT 34457 860 27 other other JJ 34457 860 28 should should MD 34457 860 29 change change VB 34457 860 30 . . . 34457 861 1 If if IN 34457 861 2 , , , 34457 861 3 further further RB 34457 861 4 , , , 34457 861 5 the the DT 34457 861 6 liquid liquid NN 34457 861 7 which which WDT 34457 861 8 is be VBZ 34457 861 9 produced produce VBN 34457 861 10 by by IN 34457 861 11 the the DT 34457 861 12 fusion fusion NN 34457 861 13 of of IN 34457 861 14 red red JJ 34457 861 15 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 861 16 at at IN 34457 861 17 630 630â CD 34457 861 18 ° ° NNS 34457 861 19 under under IN 34457 861 20 high high JJ 34457 861 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 861 22 also also RB 34457 861 23 exists exist VBZ 34457 861 24 in in IN 34457 861 25 a a DT 34457 861 26 polymeric polymeric JJ 34457 861 27 form form NN 34457 861 28 , , , 34457 861 29 greater great JJR 34457 861 30 than than IN 34457 861 31 P_{4 P_{4 NNP 34457 861 32 } } -RRB- 34457 861 33 , , , 34457 861 34 then then RB 34457 861 35 the the DT 34457 861 36 metastable metastable JJ 34457 861 37 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 861 38 curve curve NN 34457 861 39 of of IN 34457 861 40 white white JJ 34457 861 41 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 861 42 would would MD 34457 861 43 not not RB 34457 861 44 pass pass VB 34457 861 45 through through RP 34457 861 46 the the DT 34457 861 47 melting melting NN 34457 861 48 point point NN 34457 861 49 of of IN 34457 861 50 red red JJ 34457 861 51 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 861 52 , , , 34457 861 53 as as IN 34457 861 54 was be VBD 34457 861 55 assumed assume VBN 34457 861 56 above above RB 34457 861 57 . . . 34457 862 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 862 2 82 82 CD 34457 862 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 862 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 862 5 have have VBP 34457 862 6 already already RB 34457 862 7 seen see VBN 34457 862 8 in in IN 34457 862 9 the the DT 34457 862 10 case case NN 34457 862 11 of of IN 34457 862 12 water water NN 34457 862 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 862 14 p. p. NN 34457 862 15 31 31 CD 34457 862 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 862 17 that that IN 34457 862 18 the the DT 34457 862 19 vapour vapour JJ 34457 862 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 862 21 of of IN 34457 862 22 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 862 23 water water NN 34457 862 24 is be VBZ 34457 862 25 greater great JJR 34457 862 26 than than IN 34457 862 27 that that DT 34457 862 28 of of IN 34457 862 29 ice ice NN 34457 862 30 , , , 34457 862 31 and and CC 34457 862 32 that that IN 34457 862 33 therefore therefore RB 34457 862 34 it -PRON- PRP 34457 862 35 is be VBZ 34457 862 36 possible possible JJ 34457 862 37 , , , 34457 862 38 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 862 39 at at IN 34457 862 40 least least JJS 34457 862 41 , , , 34457 862 42 by by IN 34457 862 43 a a DT 34457 862 44 process process NN 34457 862 45 of of IN 34457 862 46 distillation distillation NN 34457 862 47 , , , 34457 862 48 to to TO 34457 862 49 transfer transfer VB 34457 862 50 the the DT 34457 862 51 water water NN 34457 862 52 from from IN 34457 862 53 one one CD 34457 862 54 end end NN 34457 862 55 of of IN 34457 862 56 a a DT 34457 862 57 closed closed JJ 34457 862 58 tube tube NN 34457 862 59 to to IN 34457 862 60 the the DT 34457 862 61 other other JJ 34457 862 62 , , , 34457 862 63 and and CC 34457 862 64 to to TO 34457 862 65 there there EX 34457 862 66 condense condense VB 34457 862 67 it -PRON- PRP 34457 862 68 as as IN 34457 862 69 ice ice NN 34457 862 70 . . . 34457 863 1 On on IN 34457 863 2 account account NN 34457 863 3 of of IN 34457 863 4 the the DT 34457 863 5 very very RB 34457 863 6 small small JJ 34457 863 7 difference difference NN 34457 863 8 between between IN 34457 863 9 the the DT 34457 863 10 vapour vapour JJ 34457 863 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 863 12 of of IN 34457 863 13 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 863 14 water water NN 34457 863 15 and and CC 34457 863 16 ice ice NN 34457 863 17 , , , 34457 863 18 this this DT 34457 863 19 distillation distillation NN 34457 863 20 process process NN 34457 863 21 has have VBZ 34457 863 22 not not RB 34457 863 23 been be VBN 34457 863 24 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 863 25 realized realize VBN 34457 863 26 . . . 34457 864 1 In in IN 34457 864 2 the the DT 34457 864 3 case case NN 34457 864 4 of of IN 34457 864 5 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 6 , , , 34457 864 7 however however RB 34457 864 8 , , , 34457 864 9 where where WRB 34457 864 10 the the DT 34457 864 11 difference difference NN 34457 864 12 in in IN 34457 864 13 the the DT 34457 864 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 864 15 pressures pressure NNS 34457 864 16 is be VBZ 34457 864 17 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 864 18 great great JJ 34457 864 19 , , , 34457 864 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 864 21 has have VBZ 34457 864 22 been be VBN 34457 864 23 found find VBN 34457 864 24 possible possible JJ 34457 864 25 to to TO 34457 864 26 distil distil VB 34457 864 27 white white JJ 34457 864 28 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 29 from from IN 34457 864 30 one one CD 34457 864 31 part part NN 34457 864 32 of of IN 34457 864 33 a a DT 34457 864 34 closed closed JJ 34457 864 35 tube tube NN 34457 864 36 to to IN 34457 864 37 another another DT 34457 864 38 , , , 34457 864 39 and and CC 34457 864 40 to to TO 34457 864 41 there there EX 34457 864 42 condense condense VB 34457 864 43 it -PRON- PRP 34457 864 44 as as IN 34457 864 45 red red JJ 34457 864 46 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 47 ; ; : 34457 864 48 and and CC 34457 864 49 since since IN 34457 864 50 the the DT 34457 864 51 vapour vapour JJ 34457 864 52 pressure pressure NN 34457 864 53 of of IN 34457 864 54 red red JJ 34457 864 55 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 56 at at IN 34457 864 57 350 350â CD 34457 864 58 ° ° NNS 34457 864 59 is be VBZ 34457 864 60 less less JJR 34457 864 61 than than IN 34457 864 62 the the DT 34457 864 63 vapour vapour JJ 34457 864 64 pressure pressure NN 34457 864 65 of of IN 34457 864 66 white white JJ 34457 864 67 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 68 at at IN 34457 864 69 200 200â CD 34457 864 70 ° ° NNS 34457 864 71 , , , 34457 864 72 it -PRON- PRP 34457 864 73 is be VBZ 34457 864 74 possible possible JJ 34457 864 75 to to TO 34457 864 76 carry carry VB 34457 864 77 out out RP 34457 864 78 the the DT 34457 864 79 distillation distillation NN 34457 864 80 from from IN 34457 864 81 a a DT 34457 864 82 _ _ NNP 34457 864 83 colder colder NN 34457 864 84 _ _ NNP 34457 864 85 part part NN 34457 864 86 of of IN 34457 864 87 the the DT 34457 864 88 tube tube NN 34457 864 89 to to IN 34457 864 90 a a DT 34457 864 91 _ _ NNP 34457 864 92 hotter hotter NN 34457 864 93 _ _ NNP 34457 864 94 , , , 34457 864 95 by by IN 34457 864 96 having have VBG 34457 864 97 white white JJ 34457 864 98 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 99 at at IN 34457 864 100 the the DT 34457 864 101 former former JJ 34457 864 102 and and CC 34457 864 103 red red JJ 34457 864 104 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 864 105 at at IN 34457 864 106 the the DT 34457 864 107 latter latter JJ 34457 864 108 . . . 34457 865 1 Such such PDT 34457 865 2 a a DT 34457 865 3 process process NN 34457 865 4 of of IN 34457 865 5 distillation distillation NN 34457 865 6 has have VBZ 34457 865 7 been be VBN 34457 865 8 carried carry VBN 34457 865 9 out out RP 34457 865 10 by by IN 34457 865 11 Troost Troost NNP 34457 865 12 and and CC 34457 865 13 Hautefeuille Hautefeuille NNP 34457 865 14 between between IN 34457 865 15 324 324â CD 34457 865 16 ° ° , 34457 865 17 and and CC 34457 865 18 350 350â CD 34457 865 19 ° ° NNS 34457 865 20 . . . 34457 866 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 866 2 83 83 CD 34457 866 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 866 4 Relationships relationship NNS 34457 866 5 similar similar JJ 34457 866 6 to to IN 34457 866 7 those those DT 34457 866 8 found find VBN 34457 866 9 in in IN 34457 866 10 the the DT 34457 866 11 case case NN 34457 866 12 of of IN 34457 866 13 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 866 14 are be VBP 34457 866 15 also also RB 34457 866 16 met meet VBN 34457 866 17 with with IN 34457 866 18 in in IN 34457 866 19 the the DT 34457 866 20 case case NN 34457 866 21 of of IN 34457 866 22 cyanogen cyanogen NN 34457 866 23 and and CC 34457 866 24 { { -LRB- 34457 866 25 51 51 CD 34457 866 26 } } -RRB- 34457 866 27 paracyanogen paracyanogen NN 34457 866 28 , , , 34457 866 29 which which WDT 34457 866 30 have have VBP 34457 866 31 been be VBN 34457 866 32 studied study VBN 34457 866 33 by by IN 34457 866 34 Chappuis,[84 Chappuis,[84 NNP 34457 866 35 ] ] -RRB- 34457 866 36 Troost Troost NNP 34457 866 37 and and CC 34457 866 38 Hautefeuille,[85 Hautefeuille,[85 NNP 34457 866 39 ] ] -RRB- 34457 866 40 and and CC 34457 866 41 Dewar,[86 Dewar,[86 NNP 34457 866 42 ] ] -RRB- 34457 866 43 and and CC 34457 866 44 also also RB 34457 866 45 in in IN 34457 866 46 the the DT 34457 866 47 case case NN 34457 866 48 of of IN 34457 866 49 other other JJ 34457 866 50 organic organic JJ 34457 866 51 substances substance NNS 34457 866 52 . . . 34457 867 1 Enantiotropy enantiotropy RB 34457 867 2 combined combine VBN 34457 867 3 with with IN 34457 867 4 Monotropy.--Not monotropy.--not NN 34457 867 5 only only RB 34457 867 6 can can MD 34457 867 7 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 867 8 substances substance NNS 34457 867 9 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 867 10 enantiotropy enantiotropy NN 34457 867 11 or or CC 34457 867 12 monotropy monotropy JJ 34457 867 13 , , , 34457 867 14 but but CC 34457 867 15 , , , 34457 867 16 if if IN 34457 867 17 the the DT 34457 867 18 substance substance NN 34457 867 19 is be VBZ 34457 867 20 capable capable JJ 34457 867 21 of of IN 34457 867 22 existing exist VBG 34457 867 23 in in IN 34457 867 24 more more JJR 34457 867 25 than than IN 34457 867 26 two two CD 34457 867 27 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 867 28 forms form NNS 34457 867 29 , , , 34457 867 30 both both DT 34457 867 31 relationships relationship NNS 34457 867 32 may may MD 34457 867 33 be be VB 34457 867 34 found find VBN 34457 867 35 , , , 34457 867 36 so so IN 34457 867 37 that that IN 34457 867 38 some some DT 34457 867 39 of of IN 34457 867 40 the the DT 34457 867 41 forms form NNS 34457 867 42 may may MD 34457 867 43 be be VB 34457 867 44 enantiotropic enantiotropic JJ 34457 867 45 to to IN 34457 867 46 one one CD 34457 867 47 another another DT 34457 867 48 , , , 34457 867 49 while while IN 34457 867 50 the the DT 34457 867 51 other other JJ 34457 867 52 forms form NNS 34457 867 53 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 867 54 only only RB 34457 867 55 monotropy monotropy JJ 34457 867 56 . . . 34457 868 1 This this DT 34457 868 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 868 3 is be VBZ 34457 868 4 seen see VBN 34457 868 5 in in IN 34457 868 6 the the DT 34457 868 7 case case NN 34457 868 8 of of IN 34457 868 9 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 868 10 , , , 34457 868 11 which which WDT 34457 868 12 can can MD 34457 868 13 exist exist VB 34457 868 14 in in IN 34457 868 15 as as RB 34457 868 16 many many JJ 34457 868 17 as as IN 34457 868 18 eight eight CD 34457 868 19 different different JJ 34457 868 20 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 868 21 varieties variety NNS 34457 868 22 . . . 34457 869 1 Of of IN 34457 869 2 these these DT 34457 869 3 only only JJ 34457 869 4 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 869 5 and and CC 34457 869 6 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 869 7 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 869 8 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 869 9 the the DT 34457 869 10 relationship relationship NN 34457 869 11 of of IN 34457 869 12 enantiotropy enantiotropy NN 34457 869 13 , , , 34457 869 14 _ _ NNP 34457 869 15 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 869 16 _ _ NNP 34457 869 17 they -PRON- PRP 34457 869 18 possess possess VBP 34457 869 19 a a DT 34457 869 20 definite definite JJ 34457 869 21 transition transition NN 34457 869 22 point point NN 34457 869 23 , , , 34457 869 24 while while IN 34457 869 25 the the DT 34457 869 26 other other JJ 34457 869 27 forms form NNS 34457 869 28 are be VBP 34457 869 29 all all DT 34457 869 30 metastable metastable JJ 34457 869 31 with with IN 34457 869 32 respect respect NN 34457 869 33 to to IN 34457 869 34 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 869 35 and and CC 34457 869 36 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 869 37 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 869 38 , , , 34457 869 39 and and CC 34457 869 40 remain remain VBP 34457 869 41 so so RB 34457 869 42 up up IN 34457 869 43 to to IN 34457 869 44 the the DT 34457 869 45 melting melting NN 34457 869 46 point point NN 34457 869 47 ; ; : 34457 869 48 that that DT 34457 869 49 is be VBZ 34457 869 50 to to TO 34457 869 51 say say VB 34457 869 52 , , , 34457 869 53 they -PRON- PRP 34457 869 54 are be VBP 34457 869 55 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 869 56 modifications modification NNS 34457 869 57 . . . 34457 870 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 870 2 87 87 CD 34457 870 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 870 4 E. E. NNP 34457 870 5 _ _ NNP 34457 870 6 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 870 7 Crystals Crystals NNPS 34457 870 8 . . . 34457 870 9 _ _ NNP 34457 870 10 Phenomena Phenomena NNP 34457 870 11 observed.--In observed.--in VBP 34457 870 12 1888 1888 CD 34457 870 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 870 14 was be VBD 34457 870 15 discovered discover VBN 34457 870 16 by by IN 34457 870 17 Reinitzer[88 reinitzer[88 CD 34457 870 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 870 19 that that IN 34457 870 20 the the DT 34457 870 21 two two CD 34457 870 22 substances substance NNS 34457 870 23 , , , 34457 870 24 cholesteryl cholesteryl NNP 34457 870 25 acetate acetate NNP 34457 870 26 and and CC 34457 870 27 cholesteryl cholesteryl NNP 34457 870 28 benzoate benzoate NNP 34457 870 29 , , , 34457 870 30 possess possess VBP 34457 870 31 the the DT 34457 870 32 peculiar peculiar JJ 34457 870 33 property property NN 34457 870 34 of of IN 34457 870 35 melting melt VBG 34457 870 36 sharply sharply RB 34457 870 37 at at IN 34457 870 38 a a DT 34457 870 39 definite definite JJ 34457 870 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 870 41 to to IN 34457 870 42 milky milky NNP 34457 870 43 liquids liquid NNS 34457 870 44 ; ; : 34457 870 45 and and CC 34457 870 46 that that IN 34457 870 47 the the DT 34457 870 48 latter latter JJ 34457 870 49 , , , 34457 870 50 on on IN 34457 870 51 being be VBG 34457 870 52 further further RB 34457 870 53 heated heat VBN 34457 870 54 , , , 34457 870 55 suddenly suddenly RB 34457 870 56 become become VBN 34457 870 57 clear clear JJ 34457 870 58 , , , 34457 870 59 also also RB 34457 870 60 at at IN 34457 870 61 a a DT 34457 870 62 definite definite JJ 34457 870 63 temperature temperature NN 34457 870 64 . . . 34457 871 1 Other other JJ 34457 871 2 substances substance NNS 34457 871 3 , , , 34457 871 4 more more RBR 34457 871 5 especially especially RB 34457 871 6 _ _ NNP 34457 871 7 p_-azoxyanisole p_-azoxyanisole NNP 34457 871 8 and and CC 34457 871 9 _ _ NNP 34457 871 10 p_-azoxyphenetole p_-azoxyphenetole NNP 34457 871 11 , , , 34457 871 12 were be VBD 34457 871 13 , , , 34457 871 14 later later RB 34457 871 15 , , , 34457 871 16 found find VBN 34457 871 17 to to TO 34457 871 18 possess possess VB 34457 871 19 the the DT 34457 871 20 same same JJ 34457 871 21 property property NN 34457 871 22 of of IN 34457 871 23 having have VBG 34457 871 24 apparently apparently RB 34457 871 25 a a DT 34457 871 26 double double JJ 34457 871 27 melting melting NN 34457 871 28 point point NN 34457 871 29 . . . 34457 872 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 872 2 89 89 CD 34457 872 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 872 4 On on IN 34457 872 5 cooling cool VBG 34457 872 6 the the DT 34457 872 7 clear clear JJ 34457 872 8 liquids liquid NNS 34457 872 9 , , , 34457 872 10 the the DT 34457 872 11 reverse reverse JJ 34457 872 12 series series NN 34457 872 13 of of IN 34457 872 14 changes change NNS 34457 872 15 occurred occur VBD 34457 872 16 . . . 34457 873 1 The the DT 34457 873 2 turbid turbid JJ 34457 873 3 liquids liquid NNS 34457 873 4 which which WDT 34457 873 5 were be VBD 34457 873 6 thus thus RB 34457 873 7 obtained obtain VBN 34457 873 8 were be VBD 34457 873 9 found find VBN 34457 873 10 to to TO 34457 873 11 possess possess VB 34457 873 12 not not RB 34457 873 13 only only RB 34457 873 14 the the DT 34457 873 15 usual usual JJ 34457 873 16 properties property NNS 34457 873 17 of of IN 34457 873 18 liquids liquid NNS 34457 873 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 873 20 such such JJ 34457 873 21 as as IN 34457 873 22 the the DT 34457 873 23 { { -LRB- 34457 873 24 52 52 CD 34457 873 25 } } -RRB- 34457 873 26 property property NN 34457 873 27 of of IN 34457 873 28 flowing flow VBG 34457 873 29 and and CC 34457 873 30 of of IN 34457 873 31 assuming assume VBG 34457 873 32 a a DT 34457 873 33 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 873 34 spherical spherical JJ 34457 873 35 shape shape NN 34457 873 36 when when WRB 34457 873 37 suspended suspend VBN 34457 873 38 in in IN 34457 873 39 a a DT 34457 873 40 liquid liquid NN 34457 873 41 of of IN 34457 873 42 the the DT 34457 873 43 same same JJ 34457 873 44 density density NN 34457 873 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 873 46 , , , 34457 873 47 but but CC 34457 873 48 also also RB 34457 873 49 those those DT 34457 873 50 properties property NNS 34457 873 51 which which WDT 34457 873 52 had have VBD 34457 873 53 hitherto hitherto VBN 34457 873 54 been be VBN 34457 873 55 observed observe VBN 34457 873 56 only only RB 34457 873 57 in in IN 34457 873 58 the the DT 34457 873 59 case case NN 34457 873 60 of of IN 34457 873 61 solid solid JJ 34457 873 62 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 873 63 substances substance NNS 34457 873 64 , , , 34457 873 65 viz viz NN 34457 873 66 . . . 34457 874 1 the the DT 34457 874 2 property property NN 34457 874 3 of of IN 34457 874 4 double double JJ 34457 874 5 refraction refraction NN 34457 874 6 and and CC 34457 874 7 of of IN 34457 874 8 giving give VBG 34457 874 9 interference interference NN 34457 874 10 colours colour NNS 34457 874 11 when when WRB 34457 874 12 examined examine VBN 34457 874 13 by by IN 34457 874 14 polarized polarized JJ 34457 874 15 light light NN 34457 874 16 ; ; : 34457 874 17 the the DT 34457 874 18 turbid turbid NN 34457 874 19 liquids liquid NNS 34457 874 20 are be VBP 34457 874 21 _ _ NNP 34457 874 22 anisotropic anisotropic NNP 34457 874 23 _ _ NNP 34457 874 24 . . . 34457 875 1 To to IN 34457 875 2 such such JJ 34457 875 3 liquids liquid NNS 34457 875 4 , , , 34457 875 5 the the DT 34457 875 6 optical optical JJ 34457 875 7 properties property NNS 34457 875 8 of of IN 34457 875 9 which which WDT 34457 875 10 were be VBD 34457 875 11 discovered discover VBN 34457 875 12 by by IN 34457 875 13 O. O. NNP 34457 875 14 Lehmann,[90 Lehmann,[90 NNP 34457 875 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 875 16 the the DT 34457 875 17 name name NN 34457 875 18 _ _ NNP 34457 875 19 liquid liquid NN 34457 875 20 crystals crystal NNS 34457 875 21 _ _ NNP 34457 875 22 , , , 34457 875 23 or or CC 34457 875 24 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 875 25 liquids liquid NNS 34457 875 26 , , , 34457 875 27 was be VBD 34457 875 28 given give VBN 34457 875 29 . . . 34457 876 1 Nature nature NN 34457 876 2 of of IN 34457 876 3 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 876 4 Crystals.--During crystals.--dure VBG 34457 876 5 the the DT 34457 876 6 past past JJ 34457 876 7 ten ten CD 34457 876 8 years year NNS 34457 876 9 the the DT 34457 876 10 question question NN 34457 876 11 as as IN 34457 876 12 to to IN 34457 876 13 the the DT 34457 876 14 nature nature NN 34457 876 15 of of IN 34457 876 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 876 17 crystals crystal NNS 34457 876 18 has have VBZ 34457 876 19 been be VBN 34457 876 20 discussed discuss VBN 34457 876 21 by by IN 34457 876 22 a a DT 34457 876 23 number number NN 34457 876 24 of of IN 34457 876 25 investigators investigator NNS 34457 876 26 , , , 34457 876 27 several several JJ 34457 876 28 of of IN 34457 876 29 whom whom WP 34457 876 30 have have VBP 34457 876 31 contended contend VBN 34457 876 32 strongly strongly RB 34457 876 33 against against IN 34457 876 34 the the DT 34457 876 35 idea idea NN 34457 876 36 of of IN 34457 876 37 the the DT 34457 876 38 term term NN 34457 876 39 " " `` 34457 876 40 liquid liquid NN 34457 876 41 " " '' 34457 876 42 being be VBG 34457 876 43 applied apply VBN 34457 876 44 to to IN 34457 876 45 the the DT 34457 876 46 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 876 47 condition condition NN 34457 876 48 ; ; : 34457 876 49 and and CC 34457 876 50 various various JJ 34457 876 51 attempts attempt NNS 34457 876 52 have have VBP 34457 876 53 been be VBN 34457 876 54 made make VBN 34457 876 55 to to TO 34457 876 56 prove prove VB 34457 876 57 that that IN 34457 876 58 the the DT 34457 876 59 turbid turbid NN 34457 876 60 liquids liquid NNS 34457 876 61 are be VBP 34457 876 62 in in IN 34457 876 63 reality reality NN 34457 876 64 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 876 65 and and CC 34457 876 66 are be VBP 34457 876 67 to to TO 34457 876 68 be be VB 34457 876 69 classed class VBN 34457 876 70 along along IN 34457 876 71 with with IN 34457 876 72 emulsions emulsion NNS 34457 876 73 . . . 34457 877 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 877 2 91 91 CD 34457 877 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 877 4 This this DT 34457 877 5 view view NN 34457 877 6 was be VBD 34457 877 7 no no RB 34457 877 8 doubt doubt NN 34457 877 9 largely largely RB 34457 877 10 suggested suggest VBN 34457 877 11 by by IN 34457 877 12 the the DT 34457 877 13 fact fact NN 34457 877 14 that that IN 34457 877 15 the the DT 34457 877 16 anisotropic anisotropic JJ 34457 877 17 liquids liquid NNS 34457 877 18 were be VBD 34457 877 19 turbid turbid JJ 34457 877 20 , , , 34457 877 21 whereas whereas IN 34457 877 22 the the DT 34457 877 23 " " `` 34457 877 24 solid solid JJ 34457 877 25 " " '' 34457 877 26 crystals crystal NNS 34457 877 27 were be VBD 34457 877 28 clear clear JJ 34457 877 29 . . . 34457 878 1 Lehmann Lehmann NNP 34457 878 2 found find VBD 34457 878 3 , , , 34457 878 4 however however RB 34457 878 5 , , , 34457 878 6 that that IN 34457 878 7 , , , 34457 878 8 when when WRB 34457 878 9 examined examine VBN 34457 878 10 under under IN 34457 878 11 the the DT 34457 878 12 microscope microscope NN 34457 878 13 , , , 34457 878 14 the the DT 34457 878 15 " " `` 34457 878 16 simple simple JJ 34457 878 17 " " '' 34457 878 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 878 19 crystals crystal NNS 34457 878 20 were be VBD 34457 878 21 also also RB 34457 878 22 clear,[92 clear,[92 CD 34457 878 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 878 24 the the DT 34457 878 25 apparent apparent JJ 34457 878 26 turbidity turbidity NN 34457 878 27 being be VBG 34457 878 28 due due JJ 34457 878 29 to to IN 34457 878 30 the the DT 34457 878 31 aggregation aggregation NN 34457 878 32 of of IN 34457 878 33 a a DT 34457 878 34 number number NN 34457 878 35 of of IN 34457 878 36 differently differently RB 34457 878 37 oriented orient VBN 34457 878 38 crystals crystal NNS 34457 878 39 , , , 34457 878 40 in in IN 34457 878 41 the the DT 34457 878 42 same same JJ 34457 878 43 way way NN 34457 878 44 as as IN 34457 878 45 a a DT 34457 878 46 piece piece NN 34457 878 47 of of IN 34457 878 48 marble marble NN 34457 878 49 does do VBZ 34457 878 50 not not RB 34457 878 51 appear appear VB 34457 878 52 transparent transparent JJ 34457 878 53 although although IN 34457 878 54 composed compose VBN 34457 878 55 of of IN 34457 878 56 transparent transparent JJ 34457 878 57 crystals crystal NNS 34457 878 58 . . . 34457 879 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 879 2 93 93 CD 34457 879 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 879 4 Further further RB 34457 879 5 , , , 34457 879 6 no no DT 34457 879 7 proof proof NN 34457 879 8 of of IN 34457 879 9 the the DT 34457 879 10 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN 34457 879 11 of of IN 34457 879 12 liquid liquid JJ 34457 879 13 crystals crystal NNS 34457 879 14 has have VBZ 34457 879 15 yet yet RB 34457 879 16 been be VBN 34457 879 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 879 18 , , , 34457 879 19 but but CC 34457 879 20 rather rather RB 34457 879 21 all all DT 34457 879 22 chemical chemical JJ 34457 879 23 and and CC 34457 879 24 physical physical JJ 34457 879 25 investigations investigation NNS 34457 879 26 indicate indicate VBP 34457 879 27 that that IN 34457 879 28 they -PRON- PRP 34457 879 29 are be VBP 34457 879 30 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 879 31 . . . 34457 880 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 880 2 94 94 CD 34457 880 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 880 4 No no DT 34457 880 5 separation separation NN 34457 880 6 { { -LRB- 34457 880 7 53 53 CD 34457 880 8 } } -RRB- 34457 880 9 of of IN 34457 880 10 a a DT 34457 880 11 solid solid JJ 34457 880 12 substance substance NN 34457 880 13 from from IN 34457 880 14 the the DT 34457 880 15 milky milky NNP 34457 880 16 , , , 34457 880 17 anisotropic anisotropic NNP 34457 880 18 liquids liquid NNS 34457 880 19 has have VBZ 34457 880 20 been be VBN 34457 880 21 effected effect VBN 34457 880 22 ; ; : 34457 880 23 the the DT 34457 880 24 anisotropic anisotropic JJ 34457 880 25 liquid liquid NN 34457 880 26 is be VBZ 34457 880 27 in in IN 34457 880 28 some some DT 34457 880 29 cases case NNS 34457 880 30 less less RBR 34457 880 31 viscous viscous JJ 34457 880 32 than than IN 34457 880 33 the the DT 34457 880 34 isotropic isotropic JJ 34457 880 35 liquid liquid NN 34457 880 36 formed form VBN 34457 880 37 at at IN 34457 880 38 a a DT 34457 880 39 higher high JJR 34457 880 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 880 41 ; ; : 34457 880 42 and and CC 34457 880 43 the the DT 34457 880 44 temperature temperature NN 34457 880 45 of of IN 34457 880 46 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 880 47 is be VBZ 34457 880 48 constant constant JJ 34457 880 49 , , , 34457 880 50 and and CC 34457 880 51 is be VBZ 34457 880 52 affected affect VBN 34457 880 53 by by IN 34457 880 54 pressure pressure NN 34457 880 55 and and CC 34457 880 56 admixture admixture NN 34457 880 57 with with IN 34457 880 58 foreign foreign JJ 34457 880 59 substances substance NNS 34457 880 60 exactly exactly RB 34457 880 61 as as IN 34457 880 62 in in IN 34457 880 63 the the DT 34457 880 64 case case NN 34457 880 65 of of IN 34457 880 66 a a DT 34457 880 67 pure pure JJ 34457 880 68 substance substance NN 34457 880 69 . . . 34457 881 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 881 2 95 95 CD 34457 881 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 881 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 881 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 881 6 : : : 34457 881 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 881 8 . . . 34457 882 1 12 12 CD 34457 882 2 . . . 34457 882 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 883 1 Equilibrium Equilibrium NNP 34457 883 2 Relations Relations NNPS 34457 883 3 in in IN 34457 883 4 the the DT 34457 883 5 Case Case NNP 34457 883 6 of of IN 34457 883 7 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 883 8 Crystals.--Since crystals.--since NN 34457 883 9 , , , 34457 883 10 now now RB 34457 883 11 , , , 34457 883 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 883 13 have have VBP 34457 883 14 seen see VBN 34457 883 15 that that IN 34457 883 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 883 17 are be VBP 34457 883 18 dealing deal VBG 34457 883 19 here here RB 34457 883 20 with with IN 34457 883 21 substances substance NNS 34457 883 22 in in IN 34457 883 23 two two CD 34457 883 24 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 883 25 forms form NNS 34457 883 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 883 27 which which WDT 34457 883 28 we -PRON- PRP 34457 883 29 may may MD 34457 883 30 call call VB 34457 883 31 the the DT 34457 883 32 solid solid JJ 34457 883 33 and and CC 34457 883 34 liquid[96 liquid[96 NN 34457 883 35 ] ] -RRB- 34457 883 36 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 883 37 form form NN 34457 883 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 883 39 , , , 34457 883 40 which which WDT 34457 883 41 possess possess VBP 34457 883 42 a a DT 34457 883 43 definite definite JJ 34457 883 44 transition transition NN 34457 883 45 point point NN 34457 883 46 , , , 34457 883 47 at at IN 34457 883 48 which which WDT 34457 883 49 , , , 34457 883 50 transformation transformation NN 34457 883 51 of of IN 34457 883 52 the the DT 34457 883 53 one one CD 34457 883 54 form form NN 34457 883 55 into into IN 34457 883 56 the the DT 34457 883 57 other other JJ 34457 883 58 occurs occur NNS 34457 883 59 in in IN 34457 883 60 both both DT 34457 883 61 directions direction NNS 34457 883 62 , , , 34457 883 63 we -PRON- PRP 34457 883 64 can can MD 34457 883 65 represent represent VB 34457 883 66 the the DT 34457 883 67 conditions condition NNS 34457 883 68 of of IN 34457 883 69 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 883 70 by by IN 34457 883 71 a a DT 34457 883 72 diagram diagram NN 34457 883 73 in in IN 34457 883 74 all all DT 34457 883 75 respects respect NNS 34457 883 76 similar similar JJ 34457 883 77 to to IN 34457 883 78 that that DT 34457 883 79 employed employ VBN 34457 883 80 in in IN 34457 883 81 the the DT 34457 883 82 case case NN 34457 883 83 of of IN 34457 883 84 other other JJ 34457 883 85 enantiotropic enantiotropic JJ 34457 883 86 substances substance NNS 34457 883 87 , , , 34457 883 88 _ _ NNP 34457 883 89 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 883 90 _ _ NNP 34457 883 91 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 883 92 ( ( -LRB- 34457 883 93 p. p. NN 34457 883 94 35 35 CD 34457 883 95 ) ) -RRB- 34457 883 96 . . . 34457 884 1 { { -LRB- 34457 884 2 54 54 CD 34457 884 3 } } -RRB- 34457 884 4 In in IN 34457 884 5 Fig Fig NNP 34457 884 6 . . . 34457 885 1 12 12 CD 34457 885 2 there there EX 34457 885 3 is be VBZ 34457 885 4 given give VBN 34457 885 5 a a DT 34457 885 6 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 34457 885 7 representation representation NN 34457 885 8 of of IN 34457 885 9 the the DT 34457 885 10 relationships relationship NNS 34457 885 11 found find VBN 34457 885 12 in in IN 34457 885 13 the the DT 34457 885 14 case case NN 34457 885 15 of of IN 34457 885 16 _ _ NNP 34457 885 17 p_-azoxyanisole p_-azoxyanisole NNP 34457 885 18 . . . 34457 886 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 886 2 97 97 CD 34457 886 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 886 4 Although although IN 34457 886 5 the the DT 34457 886 6 vapour vapour JJ 34457 886 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 886 8 of of IN 34457 886 9 the the DT 34457 886 10 substance substance NN 34457 886 11 in in IN 34457 886 12 the the DT 34457 886 13 solid solid JJ 34457 886 14 , , , 34457 886 15 or or CC 34457 886 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 886 17 state state NN 34457 886 18 , , , 34457 886 19 has have VBZ 34457 886 20 not not RB 34457 886 21 been be VBN 34457 886 22 determined determine VBN 34457 886 23 , , , 34457 886 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 886 25 will will MD 34457 886 26 be be VB 34457 886 27 understood understand VBN 34457 886 28 from from IN 34457 886 29 what what WP 34457 886 30 we -PRON- PRP 34457 886 31 have have VBP 34457 886 32 already already RB 34457 886 33 learned learn VBN 34457 886 34 , , , 34457 886 35 that that IN 34457 886 36 the the DT 34457 886 37 curves curve NNS 34457 886 38 AO AO NNP 34457 886 39 , , , 34457 886 40 OB OB NNP 34457 886 41 , , , 34457 886 42 BC BC NNP 34457 886 43 , , , 34457 886 44 representing represent VBG 34457 886 45 the the DT 34457 886 46 vapour vapour JJ 34457 886 47 pressure pressure NN 34457 886 48 of of IN 34457 886 49 solid solid JJ 34457 886 50 crystals crystal NNS 34457 886 51 , , , 34457 886 52 liquid liquid NN 34457 886 53 crystals crystal NNS 34457 886 54 , , , 34457 886 55 isotropic isotropic JJ 34457 886 56 liquid liquid NN 34457 886 57 , , , 34457 886 58 must must MD 34457 886 59 have have VB 34457 886 60 the the DT 34457 886 61 relative relative JJ 34457 886 62 positions position NNS 34457 886 63 shown show VBN 34457 886 64 in in IN 34457 886 65 the the DT 34457 886 66 diagram diagram NN 34457 886 67 . . . 34457 887 1 Point Point NNP 34457 887 2 O O NNP 34457 887 3 , , , 34457 887 4 the the DT 34457 887 5 transition transition NN 34457 887 6 point point NN 34457 887 7 of of IN 34457 887 8 the the DT 34457 887 9 solid solid JJ 34457 887 10 into into IN 34457 887 11 the the DT 34457 887 12 liquid liquid JJ 34457 887 13 crystals crystal NNS 34457 887 14 , , , 34457 887 15 lies lie VBZ 34457 887 16 at at IN 34457 887 17 118.27 118.27â JJ 34457 887 18 ° ° NNS 34457 887 19 , , , 34457 887 20 and and CC 34457 887 21 the the DT 34457 887 22 change change NN 34457 887 23 of of IN 34457 887 24 the the DT 34457 887 25 transition transition NN 34457 887 26 point point NN 34457 887 27 with with IN 34457 887 28 the the DT 34457 887 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 887 30 is be VBZ 34457 887 31 +0.032 +0.032â JJ 34457 887 32 ° ° NNS 34457 887 33 pro pro JJ 34457 887 34 1 1 CD 34457 887 35 atm atm NN 34457 887 36 . . . 34457 888 1 The the DT 34457 888 2 transition transition NN 34457 888 3 curve curve NN 34457 888 4 OE OE NNP 34457 888 5 slopes slope NNS 34457 888 6 , , , 34457 888 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 888 8 , , , 34457 888 9 slightly slightly RB 34457 888 10 to to IN 34457 888 11 the the DT 34457 888 12 right right NN 34457 888 13 . . . 34457 889 1 The the DT 34457 889 2 point point NN 34457 889 3 B b NN 34457 889 4 , , , 34457 889 5 the the DT 34457 889 6 melting melting NN 34457 889 7 point point NN 34457 889 8 of of IN 34457 889 9 the the DT 34457 889 10 liquid liquid JJ 34457 889 11 crystals crystal NNS 34457 889 12 , , , 34457 889 13 lies lie VBZ 34457 889 14 at at IN 34457 889 15 135.85 135.85â CD 34457 889 16 ° ° NNS 34457 889 17 , , , 34457 889 18 and and CC 34457 889 19 the the DT 34457 889 20 melting melting NN 34457 889 21 point point NN 34457 889 22 is be VBZ 34457 889 23 raised raise VBN 34457 889 24 0.0485 0.0485 NNS 34457 889 25 ° ° NNS 34457 889 26 pro pro JJ 34457 889 27 1 1 CD 34457 889 28 atm atm NN 34457 889 29 . . . 34457 890 1 The the DT 34457 890 2 curve curve NN 34457 890 3 BD BD NNP 34457 890 4 , , , 34457 890 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 890 6 , , , 34457 890 7 also also RB 34457 890 8 slopes slope VBZ 34457 890 9 to to IN 34457 890 10 the the DT 34457 890 11 right right NN 34457 890 12 , , , 34457 890 13 and and CC 34457 890 14 more more RBR 34457 890 15 so so RB 34457 890 16 than than IN 34457 890 17 the the DT 34457 890 18 transition transition NN 34457 890 19 curve curve NN 34457 890 20 . . . 34457 891 1 In in IN 34457 891 2 this this DT 34457 891 3 respect respect NN 34457 891 4 azoxyanisole azoxyanisole JJ 34457 891 5 is be VBZ 34457 891 6 different different JJ 34457 891 7 from from IN 34457 891 8 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 891 9 . . . 34457 892 1 The the DT 34457 892 2 areas area NNS 34457 892 3 bounded bound VBN 34457 892 4 by by IN 34457 892 5 the the DT 34457 892 6 curves curve NNS 34457 892 7 represent represent VBP 34457 892 8 the the DT 34457 892 9 conditions condition NNS 34457 892 10 for for IN 34457 892 11 the the DT 34457 892 12 stable stable JJ 34457 892 13 existence existence NN 34457 892 14 of of IN 34457 892 15 the the DT 34457 892 16 four four CD 34457 892 17 single single JJ 34457 892 18 phases phase NNS 34457 892 19 , , , 34457 892 20 solid solid JJ 34457 892 21 crystals crystal NNS 34457 892 22 , , , 34457 892 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 892 24 crystals crystal NNS 34457 892 25 , , , 34457 892 26 isotropic isotropic JJ 34457 892 27 liquid liquid NN 34457 892 28 and and CC 34457 892 29 vapour vapour NN 34457 892 30 . . . 34457 893 1 The the DT 34457 893 2 most most RBS 34457 893 3 important important JJ 34457 893 4 substances substance NNS 34457 893 5 hitherto hitherto NNP 34457 893 6 found find VBD 34457 893 7 to to TO 34457 893 8 form form VB 34457 893 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 893 10 crystals crystal NNS 34457 893 11 are[98]:-- are[98]:-- NNP 34457 893 12 ----------------------------------+------------+-------- ----------------------------------+------------+-------- : 34457 893 13 | | CD 34457 893 14 | | NNP 34457 893 15 Substance substance NN 34457 893 16 . . . 34457 894 1 | | NNP 34457 894 2 Transition Transition NNP 34457 894 3 | | NNP 34457 894 4 Melting melting NN 34457 894 5 | | CD 34457 894 6 point point NN 34457 894 7 . . . 34457 895 1 | | CD 34457 895 2 point point NN 34457 895 3 . . . 34457 896 1 ----------------------------------+------------+-------- ----------------------------------+------------+-------- NFP 34457 896 2 | | CD 34457 896 3 | | NNP 34457 896 4 Cholesteryl Cholesteryl NNP 34457 896 5 benzoate benzoate NN 34457 896 6 | | NNP 34457 896 7 145.5 145.5â CD 34457 896 8 ° ° , 34457 896 9 | | CD 34457 896 10 178.5 178.5â CD 34457 896 11 ° ° , 34457 896 12 Azoxyanisole Azoxyanisole NNP 34457 896 13 | | NNP 34457 896 14 118.3 118.3â CD 34457 896 15 ° ° , 34457 896 16 | | CD 34457 896 17 135.9 135.9â CD 34457 896 18 ° ° , 34457 896 19 Azoxyphenetole Azoxyphenetole NNP 34457 896 20 | | NNP 34457 896 21 134.5 134.5 NNP 34457 896 22 ° ° , 34457 896 23 | | NNP 34457 896 24 168.1 168.1â CD 34457 896 25 ° ° , 34457 896 26 Condensation condensation NN 34457 896 27 product product NN 34457 896 28 from from IN 34457 896 29 | | CD 34457 896 30 | | CD 34457 896 31 benzaldehyde benzaldehyde JJ 34457 896 32 and and CC 34457 896 33 benzidine benzidine JJ 34457 896 34 | | NNP 34457 896 35 234 234â CD 34457 896 36 ° ° , 34457 896 37 | | NNP 34457 896 38 260 260â CD 34457 896 39 ° ° , 34457 896 40 Azine Azine NNP 34457 896 41 of of IN 34457 896 42 _ _ NNP 34457 896 43 p_-oxyethylbenzaldehyde p_-oxyethylbenzaldehyde NNP 34457 896 44 | | NNP 34457 896 45 172 172 NNP 34457 896 46 ° ° , 34457 896 47 | | NNP 34457 896 48 196 196â CD 34457 896 49 ° ° , 34457 896 50 Condensation condensation NN 34457 896 51 product product NN 34457 896 52 from from IN 34457 896 53 | | CD 34457 896 54 | | NNP 34457 896 55 _ _ NNP 34457 896 56 p_-tolylaldehyde p_-tolylaldehyde NNP 34457 896 57 and and CC 34457 896 58 benzidine benzidine NNP 34457 896 59 | | NNP 34457 896 60 231 231â CD 34457 896 61 ° ° , 34457 896 62 | | NNP 34457 896 63 -- -- : 34457 896 64 _ _ IN 34457 896 65 p_-Methoxycinnamic p_-methoxycinnamic NN 34457 896 66 acid acid NN 34457 896 67 | | NNP 34457 896 68 169 169 NNP 34457 896 69 ° ° , 34457 896 70 | | NNP 34457 896 71 185 185â CD 34457 896 72 ° ° , 34457 896 73 ----------------------------------+------------+-------- ----------------------------------+------------+-------- NFP 34457 896 74 * * NFP 34457 896 75 * * NFP 34457 896 76 * * NFP 34457 896 77 * * NFP 34457 896 78 * * NFP 34457 896 79 { { -LRB- 34457 896 80 55 55 CD 34457 896 81 } } -RRB- 34457 896 82 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 896 83 IV IV NNP 34457 896 84 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 34457 896 85 SUMMARY summary NN 34457 896 86 In in IN 34457 896 87 the the DT 34457 896 88 preceding precede VBG 34457 896 89 pages page NNS 34457 896 90 we -PRON- PRP 34457 896 91 have have VBP 34457 896 92 learned learn VBN 34457 896 93 how how WRB 34457 896 94 the the DT 34457 896 95 principles principle NNS 34457 896 96 of of IN 34457 896 97 the the DT 34457 896 98 Phase Phase NNP 34457 896 99 Rule Rule NNP 34457 896 100 can can MD 34457 896 101 be be VB 34457 896 102 applied apply VBN 34457 896 103 to to IN 34457 896 104 the the DT 34457 896 105 elucidation elucidation NN 34457 896 106 of of IN 34457 896 107 various various JJ 34457 896 108 systems system NNS 34457 896 109 consisting consist VBG 34457 896 110 of of IN 34457 896 111 one one CD 34457 896 112 component component NN 34457 896 113 . . . 34457 897 1 In in IN 34457 897 2 the the DT 34457 897 3 present present JJ 34457 897 4 chapter chapter NN 34457 897 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 897 6 is be VBZ 34457 897 7 proposed propose VBN 34457 897 8 to to TO 34457 897 9 give give VB 34457 897 10 a a DT 34457 897 11 short short JJ 34457 897 12 summary summary NN 34457 897 13 of of IN 34457 897 14 the the DT 34457 897 15 relationships relationship NNS 34457 897 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 897 17 have have VBP 34457 897 18 met meet VBN 34457 897 19 with with IN 34457 897 20 , , , 34457 897 21 and and CC 34457 897 22 also also RB 34457 897 23 to to TO 34457 897 24 discuss discuss VB 34457 897 25 more more JJR 34457 897 26 generally generally RB 34457 897 27 how how WRB 34457 897 28 the the DT 34457 897 29 Phase Phase NNP 34457 897 30 Rule Rule NNP 34457 897 31 applies apply VBZ 34457 897 32 to to IN 34457 897 33 other other JJ 34457 897 34 one one CD 34457 897 35 - - HYPH 34457 897 36 component component NN 34457 897 37 systems system NNS 34457 897 38 . . . 34457 898 1 On on IN 34457 898 2 account account NN 34457 898 3 of of IN 34457 898 4 the the DT 34457 898 5 fact fact NN 34457 898 6 that that IN 34457 898 7 beginners beginner NNS 34457 898 8 are be VBP 34457 898 9 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 898 10 inclined inclined JJ 34457 898 11 to to TO 34457 898 12 expect expect VB 34457 898 13 too too RB 34457 898 14 much much JJ 34457 898 15 of of IN 34457 898 16 the the DT 34457 898 17 Phase Phase NNP 34457 898 18 Rule Rule NNP 34457 898 19 ; ; : 34457 898 20 to to TO 34457 898 21 expect expect VB 34457 898 22 , , , 34457 898 23 for for IN 34457 898 24 example example NN 34457 898 25 , , , 34457 898 26 that that IN 34457 898 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 898 28 will will MD 34457 898 29 inform inform VB 34457 898 30 them -PRON- PRP 34457 898 31 as as IN 34457 898 32 to to IN 34457 898 33 the the DT 34457 898 34 exact exact JJ 34457 898 35 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 898 36 of of IN 34457 898 37 a a DT 34457 898 38 substance substance NN 34457 898 39 , , , 34457 898 40 it -PRON- PRP 34457 898 41 may may MD 34457 898 42 here here RB 34457 898 43 be be VB 34457 898 44 emphasized emphasize VBN 34457 898 45 that that IN 34457 898 46 the the DT 34457 898 47 Phase Phase NNP 34457 898 48 Rule Rule NNP 34457 898 49 is be VBZ 34457 898 50 a a DT 34457 898 51 general general JJ 34457 898 52 rule rule NN 34457 898 53 ; ; : 34457 898 54 it -PRON- PRP 34457 898 55 informs inform VBZ 34457 898 56 us -PRON- PRP 34457 898 57 only only RB 34457 898 58 as as IN 34457 898 59 to to IN 34457 898 60 the the DT 34457 898 61 general general JJ 34457 898 62 conditions condition NNS 34457 898 63 of of IN 34457 898 64 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 898 65 , , , 34457 898 66 and and CC 34457 898 67 leaves leave VBZ 34457 898 68 the the DT 34457 898 69 determination determination NN 34457 898 70 of of IN 34457 898 71 the the DT 34457 898 72 definite definite JJ 34457 898 73 , , , 34457 898 74 numerical numerical JJ 34457 898 75 data datum NNS 34457 898 76 to to TO 34457 898 77 experiment experiment VB 34457 898 78 . . . 34457 899 1 Triple triple JJ 34457 899 2 Point.--We Point.--We NNS 34457 899 3 have have VBP 34457 899 4 already already RB 34457 899 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 899 6 p. p. NN 34457 899 7 28 28 CD 34457 899 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 899 9 defined define VBD 34457 899 10 a a DT 34457 899 11 triple triple JJ 34457 899 12 point point NN 34457 899 13 in in IN 34457 899 14 a a DT 34457 899 15 one one CD 34457 899 16 - - HYPH 34457 899 17 component component NN 34457 899 18 system system NN 34457 899 19 , , , 34457 899 20 as as IN 34457 899 21 being be VBG 34457 899 22 that that IN 34457 899 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 899 24 and and CC 34457 899 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 899 26 at at IN 34457 899 27 which which WDT 34457 899 28 three three CD 34457 899 29 phases phase NNS 34457 899 30 coexist coexist VBP 34457 899 31 in in IN 34457 899 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 899 33 ; ; : 34457 899 34 it -PRON- PRP 34457 899 35 represents represent VBZ 34457 899 36 , , , 34457 899 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 899 38 , , , 34457 899 39 an an DT 34457 899 40 invariant invariant JJ 34457 899 41 system system NN 34457 899 42 ( ( -LRB- 34457 899 43 p. p. NN 34457 899 44 16 16 CD 34457 899 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 899 46 . . . 34457 900 1 At at IN 34457 900 2 the the DT 34457 900 3 triple triple JJ 34457 900 4 point point NN 34457 900 5 also also RB 34457 900 6 , , , 34457 900 7 three three CD 34457 900 8 curves curve NNS 34457 900 9 cut cut NN 34457 900 10 , , , 34457 900 11 viz viz NN 34457 900 12 . . . 34457 901 1 the the DT 34457 901 2 curves curve NNS 34457 901 3 representing represent VBG 34457 901 4 the the DT 34457 901 5 conditions condition NNS 34457 901 6 of of IN 34457 901 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 901 8 of of IN 34457 901 9 the the DT 34457 901 10 three three CD 34457 901 11 univariant univariant JJ 34457 901 12 systems system NNS 34457 901 13 formed form VBN 34457 901 14 by by IN 34457 901 15 the the DT 34457 901 16 combination combination NN 34457 901 17 of of IN 34457 901 18 the the DT 34457 901 19 three three CD 34457 901 20 phases phase NNS 34457 901 21 in in IN 34457 901 22 pairs pair NNS 34457 901 23 . . . 34457 902 1 The the DT 34457 902 2 most most RBS 34457 902 3 common common JJ 34457 902 4 triple triple JJ 34457 902 5 point point NN 34457 902 6 of of IN 34457 902 7 a a DT 34457 902 8 one one CD 34457 902 9 - - HYPH 34457 902 10 component component NN 34457 902 11 system system NN 34457 902 12 is be VBZ 34457 902 13 , , , 34457 902 14 of of IN 34457 902 15 course course NN 34457 902 16 , , , 34457 902 17 the the DT 34457 902 18 triple triple JJ 34457 902 19 point point NN 34457 902 20 , , , 34457 902 21 solid solid JJ 34457 902 22 , , , 34457 902 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 902 24 , , , 34457 902 25 vapour vapour NN 34457 902 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 902 27 S S NNP 34457 902 28 - - HYPH 34457 902 29 L L NNP 34457 902 30 - - HYPH 34457 902 31 V V NNP 34457 902 32 ) ) -RRB- 34457 902 33 , , , 34457 902 34 but but CC 34457 902 35 other other JJ 34457 902 36 triple triple JJ 34457 902 37 points[99 points[99 NN 34457 902 38 ] ] -RRB- 34457 902 39 are be VBP 34457 902 40 also also RB 34457 902 41 possible possible JJ 34457 902 42 when when WRB 34457 902 43 , , , 34457 902 44 as as IN 34457 902 45 in in IN 34457 902 46 the the DT 34457 902 47 case case NN 34457 902 48 of of IN 34457 902 49 { { -LRB- 34457 902 50 56 56 CD 34457 902 51 } } -RRB- 34457 902 52 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 902 53 or or CC 34457 902 54 benzophenone benzophenone NN 34457 902 55 , , , 34457 902 56 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 902 57 forms form NNS 34457 902 58 occur occur VBP 34457 902 59 . . . 34457 903 1 Whether whether IN 34457 903 2 or or CC 34457 903 3 not not RB 34457 903 4 all all PDT 34457 903 5 the the DT 34457 903 6 triple triple JJ 34457 903 7 points point NNS 34457 903 8 can can MD 34457 903 9 be be VB 34457 903 10 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 903 11 realized realize VBN 34457 903 12 will will NN 34457 903 13 , , , 34457 903 14 of of IN 34457 903 15 course course NN 34457 903 16 , , , 34457 903 17 depend depend VBP 34457 903 18 on on IN 34457 903 19 circumstances circumstance NNS 34457 903 20 . . . 34457 904 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 904 2 shall shall MD 34457 904 3 , , , 34457 904 4 in in IN 34457 904 5 the the DT 34457 904 6 first first JJ 34457 904 7 place place NN 34457 904 8 , , , 34457 904 9 consider consider VB 34457 904 10 only only RB 34457 904 11 the the DT 34457 904 12 triple triple JJ 34457 904 13 point point NN 34457 904 14 S S NNP 34457 904 15 - - HYPH 34457 904 16 L L NNP 34457 904 17 - - HYPH 34457 904 18 V. V. NNP 34457 904 19 As as IN 34457 904 20 to to IN 34457 904 21 the the DT 34457 904 22 general general JJ 34457 904 23 arrangement arrangement NN 34457 904 24 of of IN 34457 904 25 the the DT 34457 904 26 three three CD 34457 904 27 univariant univariant JJ 34457 904 28 curves curve NNS 34457 904 29 around around IN 34457 904 30 the the DT 34457 904 31 triple triple JJ 34457 904 32 point point NN 34457 904 33 , , , 34457 904 34 the the DT 34457 904 35 following follow VBG 34457 904 36 rules rule NNS 34457 904 37 may may MD 34457 904 38 be be VB 34457 904 39 given give VBN 34457 904 40 . . . 34457 905 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 905 2 1 1 LS 34457 905 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 905 4 The the DT 34457 905 5 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 905 6 of of IN 34457 905 7 each each DT 34457 905 8 of of IN 34457 905 9 the the DT 34457 905 10 curves curve NNS 34457 905 11 beyond beyond IN 34457 905 12 the the DT 34457 905 13 triple triple JJ 34457 905 14 point point NN 34457 905 15 must must MD 34457 905 16 lie lie VB 34457 905 17 between between IN 34457 905 18 the the DT 34457 905 19 other other JJ 34457 905 20 two two CD 34457 905 21 curves curve NNS 34457 905 22 . . . 34457 906 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 906 2 2 2 LS 34457 906 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 906 4 The the DT 34457 906 5 middle middle JJ 34457 906 6 position position NN 34457 906 7 at at IN 34457 906 8 one one CD 34457 906 9 and and CC 34457 906 10 the the DT 34457 906 11 same same JJ 34457 906 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 906 13 in in IN 34457 906 14 the the DT 34457 906 15 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 906 16 of of IN 34457 906 17 the the DT 34457 906 18 triple triple JJ 34457 906 19 point point NN 34457 906 20 is be VBZ 34457 906 21 taken take VBN 34457 906 22 by by IN 34457 906 23 that that DT 34457 906 24 curve curve NN 34457 906 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 906 26 or or CC 34457 906 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 906 28 metastable metastable JJ 34457 906 29 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 906 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 906 31 which which WDT 34457 906 32 represents represent VBZ 34457 906 33 the the DT 34457 906 34 two two CD 34457 906 35 phases phase NNS 34457 906 36 of of IN 34457 906 37 most most RBS 34457 906 38 widely widely RB 34457 906 39 differing differ VBG 34457 906 40 specific specific JJ 34457 906 41 volume volume NN 34457 906 42 . . . 34457 907 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 907 2 100 100 CD 34457 907 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 907 4 That that DT 34457 907 5 is be VBZ 34457 907 6 to to TO 34457 907 7 say say VB 34457 907 8 , , , 34457 907 9 if if IN 34457 907 10 a a DT 34457 907 11 line line NN 34457 907 12 of of IN 34457 907 13 constant constant JJ 34457 907 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 907 15 is be VBZ 34457 907 16 drawn draw VBN 34457 907 17 immediately immediately RB 34457 907 18 above above IN 34457 907 19 or or CC 34457 907 20 below below IN 34457 907 21 the the DT 34457 907 22 triple triple JJ 34457 907 23 point point NN 34457 907 24 so so IN 34457 907 25 as as IN 34457 907 26 to to TO 34457 907 27 cut cut VB 34457 907 28 the the DT 34457 907 29 three three CD 34457 907 30 curves curve NNS 34457 907 31 -- -- : 34457 907 32 two two CD 34457 907 33 stable stable JJ 34457 907 34 curves curve NNS 34457 907 35 and and CC 34457 907 36 the the DT 34457 907 37 metastable metastable JJ 34457 907 38 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 907 39 of of IN 34457 907 40 the the DT 34457 907 41 third third JJ 34457 907 42 -- -- : 34457 907 43 the the DT 34457 907 44 position position NN 34457 907 45 of of IN 34457 907 46 the the DT 34457 907 47 curves curve NNS 34457 907 48 at at IN 34457 907 49 that that DT 34457 907 50 temperature temperature NN 34457 907 51 will will MD 34457 907 52 be be VB 34457 907 53 such such JJ 34457 907 54 that that IN 34457 907 55 the the DT 34457 907 56 middle middle JJ 34457 907 57 position position NN 34457 907 58 is be VBZ 34457 907 59 occupied occupy VBN 34457 907 60 by by IN 34457 907 61 that that DT 34457 907 62 curve curve NN 34457 907 63 ( ( -LRB- 34457 907 64 or or CC 34457 907 65 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 907 66 metastable metastable JJ 34457 907 67 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 907 68 ) ) -RRB- 34457 907 69 which which WDT 34457 907 70 represents represent VBZ 34457 907 71 the the DT 34457 907 72 two two CD 34457 907 73 phases phase NNS 34457 907 74 of of IN 34457 907 75 most most RBS 34457 907 76 widely widely RB 34457 907 77 differing differ VBG 34457 907 78 specific specific JJ 34457 907 79 volume volume NN 34457 907 80 . . . 34457 908 1 Now now RB 34457 908 2 , , , 34457 908 3 although although IN 34457 908 4 these these DT 34457 908 5 rules rule NNS 34457 908 6 admit admit VBP 34457 908 7 of of IN 34457 908 8 a a DT 34457 908 9 considerable considerable JJ 34457 908 10 variety variety NN 34457 908 11 of of IN 34457 908 12 possible possible JJ 34457 908 13 arrangements arrangement NNS 34457 908 14 of of IN 34457 908 15 curves curve NNS 34457 908 16 around around IN 34457 908 17 the the DT 34457 908 18 triple triple JJ 34457 908 19 point,[101 point,[101 NN 34457 908 20 ] ] -RRB- 34457 908 21 only only RB 34457 908 22 two two CD 34457 908 23 of of IN 34457 908 24 these these DT 34457 908 25 have have VBP 34457 908 26 been be VBN 34457 908 27 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 908 28 obtained obtain VBN 34457 908 29 in in IN 34457 908 30 the the DT 34457 908 31 case case NN 34457 908 32 of of IN 34457 908 33 the the DT 34457 908 34 triple triple JJ 34457 908 35 point point NN 34457 908 36 solid solid JJ 34457 908 37 -- -- : 34457 908 38 liquid liquid NN 34457 908 39 -- -- : 34457 908 40 vapour vapour RB 34457 908 41 . . . 34457 909 1 At at IN 34457 909 2 present present NN 34457 909 3 , , , 34457 909 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 909 5 , , , 34457 909 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 909 7 shall shall MD 34457 909 8 consider consider VB 34457 909 9 only only RB 34457 909 10 these these DT 34457 909 11 two two CD 34457 909 12 cases case NNS 34457 909 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 909 14 Figs fig NNS 34457 909 15 . . . 34457 910 1 13 13 CD 34457 910 2 and and CC 34457 910 3 14 14 CD 34457 910 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 910 5 . . . 34457 911 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 911 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 911 3 : : : 34457 911 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 911 5 . . . 34457 912 1 13 13 CD 34457 912 2 . . . 34457 912 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 913 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 913 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 913 3 : : : 34457 913 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 913 5 . . . 34457 914 1 14 14 CD 34457 914 2 . . . 34457 914 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 915 1 An an DT 34457 915 2 examination examination NN 34457 915 3 of of IN 34457 915 4 these these DT 34457 915 5 two two CD 34457 915 6 figures figure NNS 34457 915 7 shows show VBZ 34457 915 8 that that IN 34457 915 9 they -PRON- PRP 34457 915 10 satisfy satisfy VBP 34457 915 11 the the DT 34457 915 12 rules rule NNS 34457 915 13 laid lay VBN 34457 915 14 down down RP 34457 915 15 . . . 34457 916 1 Each each DT 34457 916 2 of of IN 34457 916 3 the the DT 34457 916 4 curves curve NNS 34457 916 5 on on IN 34457 916 6 being be VBG 34457 916 7 prolonged prolong VBN 34457 916 8 passes pass NNS 34457 916 9 between between IN 34457 916 10 the the DT 34457 916 11 other other JJ 34457 916 12 two two CD 34457 916 13 curves curve NNS 34457 916 14 . . . 34457 917 1 In in IN 34457 917 2 the the DT 34457 917 3 case case NN 34457 917 4 of of IN 34457 917 5 substances substance NNS 34457 917 6 of of IN 34457 917 7 the the DT 34457 917 8 first first JJ 34457 917 9 type type NN 34457 917 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 917 11 Fig fig NN 34457 917 12 . . . 34457 918 1 13 13 CD 34457 918 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 918 3 , , , 34457 918 4 the the DT 34457 918 5 specific specific JJ 34457 918 6 volume volume NN 34457 918 7 of of IN 34457 918 8 the the DT 34457 918 9 solid solid JJ 34457 918 10 is be VBZ 34457 918 11 greater great JJR 34457 918 12 than than IN 34457 918 13 that that DT 34457 918 14 of of IN 34457 918 15 the the DT 34457 918 16 liquid liquid NN 34457 918 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 918 18 the the DT 34457 918 19 substance substance NN 34457 918 20 contracts contract NNS 34457 918 21 on on IN 34457 918 22 fusion fusion NN 34457 918 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 918 24 ; ; : 34457 918 25 the the DT 34457 918 26 difference difference NN 34457 918 27 of of IN 34457 918 28 specific specific JJ 34457 918 29 volume volume NN 34457 918 30 will will MD 34457 918 31 , , , 34457 918 32 therefore therefore RB 34457 918 33 , , , 34457 918 34 be be VB 34457 918 35 greatest great JJS 34457 918 36 between between IN 34457 918 37 liquid liquid NN 34457 918 38 and and CC 34457 918 39 vapour vapour NN 34457 918 40 . . . 34457 919 1 The the DT 34457 919 2 curve curve NN 34457 919 3 , , , 34457 919 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 919 5 , , , 34457 919 6 for for IN 34457 919 7 liquid liquid NN 34457 919 8 and and CC 34457 919 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 919 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 919 11 or or CC 34457 919 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 919 13 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 919 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 919 15 must must MD 34457 919 16 lie lie VB 34457 919 17 between between IN 34457 919 18 the the DT 34457 919 19 other other JJ 34457 919 20 two two CD 34457 919 21 curves curve NNS 34457 919 22 ; ; : 34457 919 23 this this DT 34457 919 24 is be VBZ 34457 919 25 seen see VBN 34457 919 26 from from IN 34457 919 27 the the DT 34457 919 28 figure figure NN 34457 919 29 to to TO 34457 919 30 be be VB 34457 919 31 the the DT 34457 919 32 case case NN 34457 919 33 . . . 34457 920 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 920 2 , , , 34457 920 3 the the DT 34457 920 4 rule rule NN 34457 920 5 is be VBZ 34457 920 6 satisfied satisfy VBN 34457 920 7 by by IN 34457 920 8 the the DT 34457 920 9 arrangement arrangement NN 34457 920 10 of of IN 34457 920 11 curves curve NNS 34457 920 12 in in IN 34457 920 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 920 14 . . . 34457 921 1 14 14 CD 34457 921 2 , , , 34457 921 3 where where WRB 34457 921 4 the the DT 34457 921 5 difference difference NN 34457 921 6 of of IN 34457 921 7 specific specific JJ 34457 921 8 volumes volume NNS 34457 921 9 is be VBZ 34457 921 10 { { -LRB- 34457 921 11 57 57 CD 34457 921 12 } } -RRB- 34457 921 13 greatest greatest RBS 34457 921 14 between between IN 34457 921 15 the the DT 34457 921 16 solid solid JJ 34457 921 17 and and CC 34457 921 18 vapour vapour JJ 34457 921 19 . . . 34457 922 1 In in IN 34457 922 2 this this DT 34457 922 3 case case NN 34457 922 4 the the DT 34457 922 5 curve curve NN 34457 922 6 S S NNP 34457 922 7 - - HYPH 34457 922 8 V V NNP 34457 922 9 occupies occupy VBZ 34457 922 10 the the DT 34457 922 11 intermediate intermediate JJ 34457 922 12 position position NN 34457 922 13 . . . 34457 923 1 As as IN 34457 923 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 923 3 see see VBP 34457 923 4 , , , 34457 923 5 the the DT 34457 923 6 two two CD 34457 923 7 figures figure NNS 34457 923 8 differ differ VBP 34457 923 9 from from IN 34457 923 10 one one CD 34457 923 11 another another DT 34457 923 12 only only RB 34457 923 13 in in IN 34457 923 14 that that IN 34457 923 15 the the DT 34457 923 16 fusion fusion NN 34457 923 17 curve curve NN 34457 923 18 OC OC NNP 34457 923 19 in in IN 34457 923 20 one one CD 34457 923 21 case case NN 34457 923 22 slopes slope VBZ 34457 923 23 to to IN 34457 923 24 the the DT 34457 923 25 right right NN 34457 923 26 away away RB 34457 923 27 from from IN 34457 923 28 the the DT 34457 923 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 923 30 axis axi NNS 34457 923 31 , , , 34457 923 32 thus thus RB 34457 923 33 indicating indicate VBG 34457 923 34 that that IN 34457 923 35 the the DT 34457 923 36 melting melting NN 34457 923 37 point point NN 34457 923 38 is be VBZ 34457 923 39 raised raise VBN 34457 923 40 by by IN 34457 923 41 increase increase NN 34457 923 42 of of IN 34457 923 43 pressure pressure NN 34457 923 44 ; ; : 34457 923 45 in in IN 34457 923 46 the the DT 34457 923 47 other other JJ 34457 923 48 case case NN 34457 923 49 , , , 34457 923 50 to to IN 34457 923 51 the the DT 34457 923 52 left left NN 34457 923 53 , , , 34457 923 54 indicating indicate VBG 34457 923 55 a a DT 34457 923 56 lowering lowering NN 34457 923 57 of of IN 34457 923 58 the the DT 34457 923 59 melting melting NN 34457 923 60 point point NN 34457 923 61 with with IN 34457 923 62 the the DT 34457 923 63 pressure pressure NN 34457 923 64 . . . 34457 924 1 These these DT 34457 924 2 conditions condition NNS 34457 924 3 are be VBP 34457 924 4 found find VBN 34457 924 5 exemplified exemplify VBN 34457 924 6 in in IN 34457 924 7 the the DT 34457 924 8 case case NN 34457 924 9 of of IN 34457 924 10 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 924 11 and and CC 34457 924 12 ice ice NNP 34457 924 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 924 14 pp pp NNP 34457 924 15 . . . 34457 925 1 29 29 CD 34457 925 2 and and CC 34457 925 3 35 35 CD 34457 925 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 925 5 . . . 34457 926 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 926 2 see see VBP 34457 926 3 further further RB 34457 926 4 from from IN 34457 926 5 the the DT 34457 926 6 two two CD 34457 926 7 figures figure NNS 34457 926 8 , , , 34457 926 9 that that IN 34457 926 10 O o UH 34457 926 11 in in IN 34457 926 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 926 13 . . . 34457 927 1 13 13 CD 34457 927 2 gives give VBZ 34457 927 3 the the DT 34457 927 4 highest high JJS 34457 927 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 927 6 at at IN 34457 927 7 which which WDT 34457 927 8 the the DT 34457 927 9 solid solid JJ 34457 927 10 can can MD 34457 927 11 exist exist VB 34457 927 12 , , , 34457 927 13 for for IN 34457 927 14 the the DT 34457 927 15 curve curve NN 34457 927 16 for for IN 34457 927 17 solid solid JJ 34457 927 18 -- -- : 34457 927 19 liquid liquid JJ 34457 927 20 slopes slope NNS 34457 927 21 back back RB 34457 927 22 to to IN 34457 927 23 regions region NNS 34457 927 24 of of IN 34457 927 25 lower low JJR 34457 927 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 927 27 ; ; : 34457 927 28 in in IN 34457 927 29 Fig Fig NNP 34457 927 30 . . . 34457 928 1 14 14 CD 34457 928 2 , , , 34457 928 3 O o PRP 34457 928 4 gives give VBZ 34457 928 5 the the DT 34457 928 6 lowest low JJS 34457 928 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 928 8 at at IN 34457 928 9 which which WDT 34457 928 10 the the DT 34457 928 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 928 12 phase phase NN 34457 928 13 can can MD 34457 928 14 exist exist VB 34457 928 15 as as IN 34457 928 16 stable stable JJ 34457 928 17 phase phase NN 34457 928 18 . . . 34457 929 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 929 2 102 102 CD 34457 929 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 929 4 Theorems theorem NNS 34457 929 5 of of IN 34457 929 6 van't van't JJ 34457 929 7 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 929 8 and and CC 34457 929 9 of of IN 34457 929 10 Le Le NNP 34457 929 11 Chatelier.--So Chatelier.--So NNP 34457 929 12 far far RB 34457 929 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 929 14 have have VBP 34457 929 15 studied study VBN 34457 929 16 only only RB 34457 929 17 the the DT 34457 929 18 conditions condition NNS 34457 929 19 under under IN 34457 929 20 which which WDT 34457 929 21 various various JJ 34457 929 22 systems system NNS 34457 929 23 exist exist VBP 34457 929 24 in in IN 34457 929 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 929 26 ; ; : 34457 929 27 and and CC 34457 929 28 we -PRON- PRP 34457 929 29 now now RB 34457 929 30 pass pass VBP 34457 929 31 to to IN 34457 929 32 a a DT 34457 929 33 consideration consideration NN 34457 929 34 of of IN 34457 929 35 the the DT 34457 929 36 changes change NNS 34457 929 37 which which WDT 34457 929 38 take take VBP 34457 929 39 place place NN 34457 929 40 in in IN 34457 929 41 a a DT 34457 929 42 system system NN 34457 929 43 when when WRB 34457 929 44 the the DT 34457 929 45 external external JJ 34457 929 46 conditions condition NNS 34457 929 47 of of IN 34457 929 48 temperature temperature NN 34457 929 49 and and CC 34457 929 50 pressure pressure NN 34457 929 51 are be VBP 34457 929 52 altered alter VBN 34457 929 53 . . . 34457 930 1 For for IN 34457 930 2 all all DT 34457 930 3 such such JJ 34457 930 4 changes change NNS 34457 930 5 there there RB 34457 930 6 exist exist VBP 34457 930 7 two two CD 34457 930 8 theorems theorem NNS 34457 930 9 , , , 34457 930 10 based base VBN 34457 930 11 on on IN 34457 930 12 the the DT 34457 930 13 laws law NNS 34457 930 14 of of IN 34457 930 15 thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS 34457 930 16 , , , 34457 930 17 by by IN 34457 930 18 means mean NNS 34457 930 19 of of IN 34457 930 20 which which WDT 34457 930 21 the the DT 34457 930 22 alterations alteration NNS 34457 930 23 in in IN 34457 930 24 a a DT 34457 930 25 system system NN 34457 930 26 can can MD 34457 930 27 be be VB 34457 930 28 qualitatively qualitatively RB 34457 930 29 predicted predict VBN 34457 930 30 . . . 34457 931 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 931 2 103 103 CD 34457 931 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 931 4 The the DT 34457 931 5 first first JJ 34457 931 6 of of IN 34457 931 7 these these DT 34457 931 8 , , , 34457 931 9 usually usually RB 34457 931 10 { { -LRB- 34457 931 11 58 58 CD 34457 931 12 } } -RRB- 34457 931 13 known know VBN 34457 931 14 as as IN 34457 931 15 van't van't NNS 34457 931 16 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 931 17 's 's POS 34457 931 18 _ _ NNP 34457 931 19 law law NN 34457 931 20 of of IN 34457 931 21 movable movable JJ 34457 931 22 equilibrium_,[104 equilibrium_,[104 NN 34457 931 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 931 24 states state VBZ 34457 931 25 : : : 34457 931 26 When when WRB 34457 931 27 the the DT 34457 931 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 931 29 of of IN 34457 931 30 a a DT 34457 931 31 system system NN 34457 931 32 in in IN 34457 931 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 931 34 is be VBZ 34457 931 35 raised raise VBN 34457 931 36 , , , 34457 931 37 that that DT 34457 931 38 reaction reaction NN 34457 931 39 takes take VBZ 34457 931 40 place place NN 34457 931 41 which which WDT 34457 931 42 is be VBZ 34457 931 43 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 931 44 by by IN 34457 931 45 absorption absorption NN 34457 931 46 of of IN 34457 931 47 heat heat NN 34457 931 48 ; ; : 34457 931 49 and and CC 34457 931 50 , , , 34457 931 51 conversely conversely RB 34457 931 52 , , , 34457 931 53 when when WRB 34457 931 54 the the DT 34457 931 55 temperature temperature NN 34457 931 56 is be VBZ 34457 931 57 lowered lower VBN 34457 931 58 , , , 34457 931 59 that that DT 34457 931 60 reaction reaction NN 34457 931 61 occurs occur VBZ 34457 931 62 which which WDT 34457 931 63 is be VBZ 34457 931 64 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 931 65 by by IN 34457 931 66 an an DT 34457 931 67 evolution evolution NN 34457 931 68 of of IN 34457 931 69 heat heat NN 34457 931 70 . . . 34457 932 1 The the DT 34457 932 2 second second JJ 34457 932 3 of of IN 34457 932 4 the the DT 34457 932 5 two two CD 34457 932 6 theorems theorem NNS 34457 932 7 refers refer VBZ 34457 932 8 to to IN 34457 932 9 the the DT 34457 932 10 effect effect NN 34457 932 11 of of IN 34457 932 12 change change NN 34457 932 13 of of IN 34457 932 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 932 15 , , , 34457 932 16 and and CC 34457 932 17 states:[105 states:[105 NNP 34457 932 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 932 19 When when WRB 34457 932 20 the the DT 34457 932 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 932 22 on on IN 34457 932 23 a a DT 34457 932 24 system system NN 34457 932 25 in in IN 34457 932 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 932 27 is be VBZ 34457 932 28 increased increase VBN 34457 932 29 , , , 34457 932 30 that that DT 34457 932 31 reaction reaction NN 34457 932 32 takes take VBZ 34457 932 33 place place NN 34457 932 34 which which WDT 34457 932 35 is be VBZ 34457 932 36 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 932 37 by by IN 34457 932 38 a a DT 34457 932 39 diminution diminution NN 34457 932 40 of of IN 34457 932 41 volume volume NN 34457 932 42 ; ; : 34457 932 43 and and CC 34457 932 44 when when WRB 34457 932 45 the the DT 34457 932 46 pressure pressure NN 34457 932 47 is be VBZ 34457 932 48 diminished diminish VBN 34457 932 49 , , , 34457 932 50 a a DT 34457 932 51 reaction reaction NN 34457 932 52 ensues ensue NNS 34457 932 53 which which WDT 34457 932 54 is be VBZ 34457 932 55 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 932 56 by by IN 34457 932 57 an an DT 34457 932 58 increase increase NN 34457 932 59 of of IN 34457 932 60 volume volume NN 34457 932 61 . . . 34457 933 1 The the DT 34457 933 2 demonstration demonstration NN 34457 933 3 of of IN 34457 933 4 the the DT 34457 933 5 universal universal JJ 34457 933 6 applicability applicability NN 34457 933 7 of of IN 34457 933 8 these these DT 34457 933 9 two two CD 34457 933 10 theorems theorem NNS 34457 933 11 is be VBZ 34457 933 12 due due JJ 34457 933 13 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 933 14 to to IN 34457 933 15 Le Le NNP 34457 933 16 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 933 17 , , , 34457 933 18 who who WP 34457 933 19 showed show VBD 34457 933 20 that that IN 34457 933 21 they -PRON- PRP 34457 933 22 may may MD 34457 933 23 be be VB 34457 933 24 regarded regard VBN 34457 933 25 as as IN 34457 933 26 consequences consequence NNS 34457 933 27 of of IN 34457 933 28 the the DT 34457 933 29 general general JJ 34457 933 30 law law NN 34457 933 31 of of IN 34457 933 32 action action NN 34457 933 33 and and CC 34457 933 34 reaction reaction NN 34457 933 35 . . . 34457 934 1 For for IN 34457 934 2 this this DT 34457 934 3 reason reason NN 34457 934 4 they -PRON- PRP 34457 934 5 are be VBP 34457 934 6 generally generally RB 34457 934 7 regarded regard VBN 34457 934 8 as as IN 34457 934 9 special special JJ 34457 934 10 cases case NNS 34457 934 11 of of IN 34457 934 12 the the DT 34457 934 13 more more RBR 34457 934 14 general general JJ 34457 934 15 law law NN 34457 934 16 , , , 34457 934 17 known know VBN 34457 934 18 as as IN 34457 934 19 the the DT 34457 934 20 _ _ NNP 34457 934 21 theorem theorem NN 34457 934 22 of of IN 34457 934 23 Le Le NNP 34457 934 24 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 934 25 _ _ NNP 34457 934 26 , , , 34457 934 27 which which WDT 34457 934 28 may may MD 34457 934 29 be be VB 34457 934 30 stated state VBN 34457 934 31 in in IN 34457 934 32 the the DT 34457 934 33 words word NNS 34457 934 34 of of IN 34457 934 35 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 934 36 , , , 34457 934 37 as as IN 34457 934 38 follows:[106 follows:[106 NNP 34457 934 39 ] ] -RRB- 34457 934 40 _ _ NNP 34457 934 41 If if IN 34457 934 42 a a DT 34457 934 43 system system NN 34457 934 44 in in IN 34457 934 45 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 934 46 is be VBZ 34457 934 47 subjected subject VBN 34457 934 48 to to IN 34457 934 49 a a DT 34457 934 50 constraint constraint NN 34457 934 51 by by IN 34457 934 52 which which WDT 34457 934 53 the the DT 34457 934 54 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 934 55 is be VBZ 34457 934 56 shifted shift VBN 34457 934 57 , , , 34457 934 58 a a DT 34457 934 59 reaction reaction NN 34457 934 60 takes take VBZ 34457 934 61 place place NN 34457 934 62 which which WDT 34457 934 63 opposes oppose VBZ 34457 934 64 the the DT 34457 934 65 constraint constraint NN 34457 934 66 , , , 34457 934 67 _ _ NNP 34457 934 68 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 934 69 _ _ NNP 34457 934 70 one one CD 34457 934 71 by by IN 34457 934 72 which which WDT 34457 934 73 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 934 74 effect effect NN 34457 934 75 is be VBZ 34457 934 76 partially partially RB 34457 934 77 destroyed destroy VBN 34457 934 78 . . . 34457 934 79 _ _ NNP 34457 934 80 This this DT 34457 934 81 theorem theorem NN 34457 934 82 of of IN 34457 934 83 Le Le NNP 34457 934 84 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 934 85 is be VBZ 34457 934 86 of of IN 34457 934 87 very very RB 34457 934 88 great great JJ 34457 934 89 importance importance NN 34457 934 90 , , , 34457 934 91 for for IN 34457 934 92 it -PRON- PRP 34457 934 93 applies apply VBZ 34457 934 94 to to IN 34457 934 95 all all DT 34457 934 96 systems system NNS 34457 934 97 and and CC 34457 934 98 changes change NNS 34457 934 99 of of IN 34457 934 100 the the DT 34457 934 101 condition condition NN 34457 934 102 of of IN 34457 934 103 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 934 104 , , , 34457 934 105 whether whether IN 34457 934 106 physical physical JJ 34457 934 107 or or CC 34457 934 108 chemical chemical NN 34457 934 109 ; ; : 34457 934 110 to to IN 34457 934 111 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 934 112 and and CC 34457 934 113 fusion fusion NN 34457 934 114 ; ; : 34457 934 115 to to TO 34457 934 116 solution solution NN 34457 934 117 and and CC 34457 934 118 chemical chemical NN 34457 934 119 action action NN 34457 934 120 . . . 34457 935 1 In in IN 34457 935 2 all all DT 34457 935 3 cases case NNS 34457 935 4 , , , 34457 935 5 whenever whenever WRB 34457 935 6 changes change NNS 34457 935 7 in in IN 34457 935 8 the the DT 34457 935 9 external external JJ 34457 935 10 condition condition NN 34457 935 11 of of IN 34457 935 12 a a DT 34457 935 13 system system NN 34457 935 14 in in IN 34457 935 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 935 16 are be VBP 34457 935 17 produced produce VBN 34457 935 18 , , , 34457 935 19 processes process NNS 34457 935 20 also also RB 34457 935 21 occur occur VBP 34457 935 22 within within IN 34457 935 23 the the DT 34457 935 24 system system NN 34457 935 25 which which WDT 34457 935 26 tend tend VBP 34457 935 27 to to TO 34457 935 28 counteract counteract VB 34457 935 29 the the DT 34457 935 30 effect effect NN 34457 935 31 of of IN 34457 935 32 the the DT 34457 935 33 external external JJ 34457 935 34 changes change NNS 34457 935 35 . . . 34457 936 1 _ _ NNP 34457 936 2 Changes Changes NNP 34457 936 3 at at IN 34457 936 4 the the DT 34457 936 5 Triple triple JJ 34457 936 6 Point._--If point._--if NN 34457 936 7 now now RB 34457 936 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 936 9 apply apply VBP 34457 936 10 this this DT 34457 936 11 theorem theorem NN 34457 936 12 to to IN 34457 936 13 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 936 14 at at IN 34457 936 15 the the DT 34457 936 16 triple triple JJ 34457 936 17 point point NN 34457 936 18 S S NNP 34457 936 19 - - HYPH 34457 936 20 L L NNP 34457 936 21 - - HYPH 34457 936 22 V V NNP 34457 936 23 , , , 34457 936 24 and and CC 34457 936 25 ask ask VB 34457 936 26 what what WP 34457 936 27 changes change NNS 34457 936 28 will will MD 34457 936 29 occur occur VB 34457 936 30 in in IN 34457 936 31 such such PDT 34457 936 32 a a DT 34457 936 33 system system NN 34457 936 34 when when WRB 34457 936 35 the the DT 34457 936 36 external external JJ 34457 936 37 conditions condition NNS 34457 936 38 of of IN 34457 936 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 936 40 and and CC 34457 936 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 936 42 are be VBP 34457 936 43 altered alter VBN 34457 936 44 , , , 34457 936 45 the the DT 34457 936 46 general general JJ 34457 936 47 answer answer NN 34457 936 48 to to IN 34457 936 49 the the DT 34457 936 50 question question NN 34457 936 51 will will MD 34457 936 52 be be VB 34457 936 53 : : : 34457 936 54 So so RB 34457 936 55 long long RB 34457 936 56 as as IN 34457 936 57 the the DT 34457 936 58 three three CD 34457 936 59 phases phase NNS 34457 936 60 are be VBP 34457 936 61 present present JJ 34457 936 62 , , , 34457 936 63 no no DT 34457 936 64 { { -LRB- 34457 936 65 59 59 CD 34457 936 66 } } -RRB- 34457 936 67 change change NN 34457 936 68 in in IN 34457 936 69 the the DT 34457 936 70 temperature temperature NN 34457 936 71 or or CC 34457 936 72 pressure pressure NN 34457 936 73 of of IN 34457 936 74 the the DT 34457 936 75 system system NN 34457 936 76 can can MD 34457 936 77 occur occur VB 34457 936 78 , , , 34457 936 79 but but CC 34457 936 80 _ _ NNP 34457 936 81 only only RB 34457 936 82 changes change VBZ 34457 936 83 in in IN 34457 936 84 the the DT 34457 936 85 relative relative JJ 34457 936 86 amounts amount NNS 34457 936 87 of of IN 34457 936 88 the the DT 34457 936 89 phases phase NNS 34457 936 90 _ _ NNP 34457 936 91 ; ; : 34457 936 92 that that DT 34457 936 93 is be VBZ 34457 936 94 to to TO 34457 936 95 say say VB 34457 936 96 , , , 34457 936 97 the the DT 34457 936 98 effect effect NN 34457 936 99 on on IN 34457 936 100 the the DT 34457 936 101 system system NN 34457 936 102 of of IN 34457 936 103 change change NN 34457 936 104 in in IN 34457 936 105 the the DT 34457 936 106 external external JJ 34457 936 107 conditions condition NNS 34457 936 108 is be VBZ 34457 936 109 opposed oppose VBN 34457 936 110 by by IN 34457 936 111 the the DT 34457 936 112 reactions reaction NNS 34457 936 113 or or CC 34457 936 114 changes change NNS 34457 936 115 which which WDT 34457 936 116 take take VBP 34457 936 117 place place NN 34457 936 118 within within IN 34457 936 119 the the DT 34457 936 120 system system NN 34457 936 121 ( ( -LRB- 34457 936 122 according accord VBG 34457 936 123 to to IN 34457 936 124 the the DT 34457 936 125 theorems theorem NNS 34457 936 126 of of IN 34457 936 127 van't van't NNP 34457 936 128 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 936 129 and and CC 34457 936 130 Le Le NNP 34457 936 131 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 936 132 ) ) -RRB- 34457 936 133 . . . 34457 937 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 937 2 now now RB 34457 937 3 proceed proceed VBP 34457 937 4 to to TO 34457 937 5 discuss discuss VB 34457 937 6 what what WP 34457 937 7 these these DT 34457 937 8 changes change NNS 34457 937 9 are be VBP 34457 937 10 , , , 34457 937 11 and and CC 34457 937 12 shall shall MD 34457 937 13 consider consider VB 34457 937 14 first first RB 34457 937 15 the the DT 34457 937 16 effect effect NN 34457 937 17 of of IN 34457 937 18 alteration alteration NN 34457 937 19 of of IN 34457 937 20 the the DT 34457 937 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 937 22 at at IN 34457 937 23 constant constant JJ 34457 937 24 volume volume NN 34457 937 25 and and CC 34457 937 26 constant constant JJ 34457 937 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 937 28 , , , 34457 937 29 and and CC 34457 937 30 then then RB 34457 937 31 the the DT 34457 937 32 effect effect NN 34457 937 33 of of IN 34457 937 34 alteration alteration NN 34457 937 35 of of IN 34457 937 36 the the DT 34457 937 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 937 38 both both CC 34457 937 39 when when WRB 34457 937 40 the the DT 34457 937 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 937 42 remains remain VBZ 34457 937 43 constant constant JJ 34457 937 44 and and CC 34457 937 45 when when WRB 34457 937 46 it -PRON- PRP 34457 937 47 varies vary VBZ 34457 937 48 . . . 34457 938 1 When when WRB 34457 938 2 the the DT 34457 938 3 volume volume NN 34457 938 4 is be VBZ 34457 938 5 kept keep VBN 34457 938 6 constant constant JJ 34457 938 7 , , , 34457 938 8 the the DT 34457 938 9 effect effect NN 34457 938 10 of of IN 34457 938 11 the the DT 34457 938 12 addition addition NN 34457 938 13 of of IN 34457 938 14 heat heat NN 34457 938 15 to to IN 34457 938 16 a a DT 34457 938 17 system system NN 34457 938 18 at at IN 34457 938 19 the the DT 34457 938 20 triple triple JJ 34457 938 21 point point NN 34457 938 22 S S NNP 34457 938 23 - - HYPH 34457 938 24 L L NNP 34457 938 25 - - HYPH 34457 938 26 V V NNP 34457 938 27 differs differ VBZ 34457 938 28 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 938 29 according accord VBG 34457 938 30 as as IN 34457 938 31 there there EX 34457 938 32 is be VBZ 34457 938 33 an an DT 34457 938 34 increase increase NN 34457 938 35 or or CC 34457 938 36 diminution diminution NN 34457 938 37 of of IN 34457 938 38 volume volume NN 34457 938 39 when when WRB 34457 938 40 the the DT 34457 938 41 solid solid JJ 34457 938 42 passes pass VBZ 34457 938 43 into into IN 34457 938 44 the the DT 34457 938 45 liquid liquid JJ 34457 938 46 state state NN 34457 938 47 . . . 34457 939 1 In in IN 34457 939 2 the the DT 34457 939 3 former former JJ 34457 939 4 and and CC 34457 939 5 most most JJS 34457 939 6 general general JJ 34457 939 7 case case NN 34457 939 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 939 9 Fig fig NN 34457 939 10 . . . 34457 940 1 14 14 CD 34457 940 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 940 3 , , , 34457 940 4 addition addition NN 34457 940 5 of of IN 34457 940 6 heat heat NN 34457 940 7 will will MD 34457 940 8 cause cause VB 34457 940 9 a a DT 34457 940 10 certain certain JJ 34457 940 11 amount amount NN 34457 940 12 of of IN 34457 940 13 the the DT 34457 940 14 solid solid JJ 34457 940 15 phase phase NN 34457 940 16 to to TO 34457 940 17 melt melt VB 34457 940 18 , , , 34457 940 19 whereby whereby WRB 34457 940 20 the the DT 34457 940 21 heat heat NN 34457 940 22 which which WDT 34457 940 23 is be VBZ 34457 940 24 added add VBN 34457 940 25 becomes become VBZ 34457 940 26 latent latent NN 34457 940 27 ; ; : 34457 940 28 the the DT 34457 940 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 940 30 of of IN 34457 940 31 the the DT 34457 940 32 system system NN 34457 940 33 therefore therefore RB 34457 940 34 does do VBZ 34457 940 35 not not RB 34457 940 36 rise rise VB 34457 940 37 . . . 34457 941 1 Since since IN 34457 941 2 , , , 34457 941 3 however however RB 34457 941 4 , , , 34457 941 5 the the DT 34457 941 6 melting melting NN 34457 941 7 of of IN 34457 941 8 the the DT 34457 941 9 solid solid JJ 34457 941 10 is be VBZ 34457 941 11 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 941 12 by by IN 34457 941 13 an an DT 34457 941 14 increase increase NN 34457 941 15 of of IN 34457 941 16 volume volume NN 34457 941 17 , , , 34457 941 18 whereby whereby WRB 34457 941 19 an an DT 34457 941 20 increase increase NN 34457 941 21 of of IN 34457 941 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 941 23 would would MD 34457 941 24 result result VB 34457 941 25 , , , 34457 941 26 a a DT 34457 941 27 certain certain JJ 34457 941 28 portion portion NN 34457 941 29 of of IN 34457 941 30 the the DT 34457 941 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 941 32 must must MD 34457 941 33 condense condense VB 34457 941 34 to to IN 34457 941 35 liquid liquid NN 34457 941 36 , , , 34457 941 37 in in IN 34457 941 38 order order NN 34457 941 39 that that IN 34457 941 40 the the DT 34457 941 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 941 42 may may MD 34457 941 43 remain remain VB 34457 941 44 constant constant JJ 34457 941 45 . . . 34457 942 1 The the DT 34457 942 2 total total JJ 34457 942 3 effect effect NN 34457 942 4 of of IN 34457 942 5 addition addition NN 34457 942 6 of of IN 34457 942 7 heat heat NN 34457 942 8 , , , 34457 942 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 942 10 , , , 34457 942 11 is be VBZ 34457 942 12 to to TO 34457 942 13 cause cause VB 34457 942 14 both both CC 34457 942 15 solid solid JJ 34457 942 16 and and CC 34457 942 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 942 18 to to TO 34457 942 19 pass pass VB 34457 942 20 into into IN 34457 942 21 liquid liquid NN 34457 942 22 , , , 34457 942 23 _ _ NNP 34457 942 24 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 942 25 _ _ NNP 34457 942 26 there there EX 34457 942 27 occurs occur VBZ 34457 942 28 the the DT 34457 942 29 change change NN 34457 942 30 S s NN 34457 942 31 + + CC 34457 942 32 V v NN 34457 942 33 -- -- : 34457 942 34 > > NFP 34457 942 35 L. L. NNP 34457 942 36 It -PRON- PRP 34457 942 37 will will MD 34457 942 38 , , , 34457 942 39 therefore therefore RB 34457 942 40 , , , 34457 942 41 depend depend VBP 34457 942 42 on on IN 34457 942 43 the the DT 34457 942 44 relative relative JJ 34457 942 45 quantities quantity NNS 34457 942 46 of of IN 34457 942 47 solid solid JJ 34457 942 48 and and CC 34457 942 49 vapour vapour RB 34457 942 50 , , , 34457 942 51 which which WDT 34457 942 52 will will MD 34457 942 53 disappear disappear VB 34457 942 54 first first RB 34457 942 55 . . . 34457 943 1 If if IN 34457 943 2 the the DT 34457 943 3 solid solid JJ 34457 943 4 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 943 5 first first RB 34457 943 6 , , , 34457 943 7 then then RB 34457 943 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 943 9 shall shall MD 34457 943 10 pass pass VB 34457 943 11 to to IN 34457 943 12 the the DT 34457 943 13 system system NN 34457 943 14 L L NNP 34457 943 15 - - HYPH 34457 943 16 V V NNP 34457 943 17 ; ; : 34457 943 18 if if IN 34457 943 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 943 20 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 943 21 first first RB 34457 943 22 , , , 34457 943 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 943 24 shall shall MD 34457 943 25 obtain obtain VB 34457 943 26 the the DT 34457 943 27 system system NN 34457 943 28 S S NNP 34457 943 29 - - HYPH 34457 943 30 L. L. NNP 34457 943 31 Withdrawal Withdrawal NNP 34457 943 32 of of IN 34457 943 33 heat heat NN 34457 943 34 causes cause VBZ 34457 943 35 the the DT 34457 943 36 reverse reverse JJ 34457 943 37 change change NN 34457 943 38 , , , 34457 943 39 L l NN 34457 943 40 -- -- : 34457 943 41 > > XX 34457 943 42 S s NN 34457 943 43 + + CC 34457 943 44 V v NN 34457 943 45 ; ; : 34457 943 46 at at IN 34457 943 47 all all DT 34457 943 48 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 943 49 below below IN 34457 943 50 the the DT 34457 943 51 triple triple JJ 34457 943 52 point point NN 34457 943 53 the the DT 34457 943 54 liquid liquid NN 34457 943 55 is be VBZ 34457 943 56 unstable unstable JJ 34457 943 57 or or CC 34457 943 58 metastable metastable JJ 34457 943 59 ( ( -LRB- 34457 943 60 p. p. NN 34457 943 61 30 30 CD 34457 943 62 ) ) -RRB- 34457 943 63 . . . 34457 944 1 When when WRB 34457 944 2 fusion fusion NN 34457 944 3 is be VBZ 34457 944 4 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 944 5 by by IN 34457 944 6 a a DT 34457 944 7 diminution diminution NN 34457 944 8 of of IN 34457 944 9 volume volume NN 34457 944 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 944 11 _ _ NNP 34457 944 12 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 944 13 _ _ NNP 34457 944 14 ice ice NN 34457 944 15 , , , 34457 944 16 Fig Fig NNP 34457 944 17 . . . 34457 945 1 13 13 CD 34457 945 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 945 3 , , , 34457 945 4 then then RB 34457 945 5 , , , 34457 945 6 since since IN 34457 945 7 the the DT 34457 945 8 melting melting NN 34457 945 9 of of IN 34457 945 10 the the DT 34457 945 11 solid solid JJ 34457 945 12 phase phase NN 34457 945 13 would would MD 34457 945 14 decrease decrease VB 34457 945 15 the the DT 34457 945 16 total total JJ 34457 945 17 volume volume NN 34457 945 18 , , , 34457 945 19 _ _ NNP 34457 945 20 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 945 21 _ _ NNP 34457 945 22 would would MD 34457 945 23 lower lower VB 34457 945 24 the the DT 34457 945 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 945 26 , , , 34457 945 27 a a DT 34457 945 28 certain certain JJ 34457 945 29 quantity quantity NN 34457 945 30 of of IN 34457 945 31 the the DT 34457 945 32 solid solid JJ 34457 945 33 must must MD 34457 945 34 also also RB 34457 945 35 pass pass VB 34457 945 36 into into IN 34457 945 37 vapour vapour NN 34457 945 38 in in IN 34457 945 39 order order NN 34457 945 40 that that IN 34457 945 41 the the DT 34457 945 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 945 43 may may MD 34457 945 44 be be VB 34457 945 45 maintained maintain VBN 34457 945 46 constant constant JJ 34457 945 47 . . . 34457 946 1 On on IN 34457 946 2 addition addition NN 34457 946 3 of of IN 34457 946 4 heat heat NN 34457 946 5 , , , 34457 946 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 946 7 , , , 34457 946 8 there there EX 34457 946 9 occurs occur VBZ 34457 946 10 the the DT 34457 946 11 reaction reaction NN 34457 946 12 S S NNP 34457 946 13 -- -- : 34457 946 14 > > XX 34457 946 15 L l NN 34457 946 16 + + CC 34457 946 17 V v NN 34457 946 18 ; ; : 34457 946 19 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 946 20 of of IN 34457 946 21 heat heat NN 34457 946 22 causes cause VBZ 34457 946 23 the the DT 34457 946 24 reverse reverse JJ 34457 946 25 change change NN 34457 946 26 L l NN 34457 946 27 + + CC 34457 946 28 V v NN 34457 946 29 -- -- : 34457 946 30 > > XX 34457 946 31 S. S. NNP 34457 946 32 Above above IN 34457 946 33 the the DT 34457 946 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 946 35 of of IN 34457 946 36 the the DT 34457 946 37 triple triple JJ 34457 946 38 point point NN 34457 946 39 the the DT 34457 946 40 { { -LRB- 34457 946 41 60 60 CD 34457 946 42 } } -RRB- 34457 946 43 solid solid JJ 34457 946 44 can can MD 34457 946 45 not not RB 34457 946 46 exist exist VB 34457 946 47 ; ; : 34457 946 48 below below IN 34457 946 49 the the DT 34457 946 50 triple triple JJ 34457 946 51 point point NN 34457 946 52 both both DT 34457 946 53 systems system NNS 34457 946 54 , , , 34457 946 55 S S NNP 34457 946 56 - - HYPH 34457 946 57 L L NNP 34457 946 58 and and CC 34457 946 59 S S NNP 34457 946 60 - - HYPH 34457 946 61 V V NNP 34457 946 62 , , , 34457 946 63 can can MD 34457 946 64 exist exist VB 34457 946 65 , , , 34457 946 66 and and CC 34457 946 67 it -PRON- PRP 34457 946 68 will will MD 34457 946 69 therefore therefore RB 34457 946 70 depend depend VB 34457 946 71 on on IN 34457 946 72 the the DT 34457 946 73 relative relative JJ 34457 946 74 amounts amount NNS 34457 946 75 of of IN 34457 946 76 liquid liquid NN 34457 946 77 and and CC 34457 946 78 vapour vapour NN 34457 946 79 which which WDT 34457 946 80 of of IN 34457 946 81 these these DT 34457 946 82 two two CD 34457 946 83 systems system NNS 34457 946 84 is be VBZ 34457 946 85 obtained obtain VBN 34457 946 86 on on IN 34457 946 87 withdrawing withdraw VBG 34457 946 88 heat heat NN 34457 946 89 from from IN 34457 946 90 the the DT 34457 946 91 system system NN 34457 946 92 at at IN 34457 946 93 constant constant JJ 34457 946 94 volume volume NN 34457 946 95 . . . 34457 947 1 The the DT 34457 947 2 same same JJ 34457 947 3 changes change NNS 34457 947 4 in in IN 34457 947 5 the the DT 34457 947 6 phases phase NNS 34457 947 7 occur occur VBP 34457 947 8 when when WRB 34457 947 9 heat heat NN 34457 947 10 is be VBZ 34457 947 11 added add VBN 34457 947 12 or or CC 34457 947 13 withdrawn withdraw VBN 34457 947 14 at at IN 34457 947 15 constant constant JJ 34457 947 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 947 17 , , , 34457 947 18 so so RB 34457 947 19 long long RB 34457 947 20 as as IN 34457 947 21 the the DT 34457 947 22 three three CD 34457 947 23 phases phase NNS 34457 947 24 are be VBP 34457 947 25 present present JJ 34457 947 26 . . . 34457 948 1 Continued continue VBN 34457 948 2 addition addition NN 34457 948 3 of of IN 34457 948 4 heat heat NN 34457 948 5 , , , 34457 948 6 however however RB 34457 948 7 , , , 34457 948 8 at at IN 34457 948 9 constant constant JJ 34457 948 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 948 11 will will MD 34457 948 12 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 948 13 cause cause VB 34457 948 14 the the DT 34457 948 15 formation formation NN 34457 948 16 of of IN 34457 948 17 the the DT 34457 948 18 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 948 19 system system NN 34457 948 20 vapour vapour RB 34457 948 21 alone alone RB 34457 948 22 ; ; : 34457 948 23 continued continue VBN 34457 948 24 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 948 25 of of IN 34457 948 26 heat heat NN 34457 948 27 will will MD 34457 948 28 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 948 29 cause cause VB 34457 948 30 the the DT 34457 948 31 formation formation NN 34457 948 32 of of IN 34457 948 33 solid solid JJ 34457 948 34 alone alone RB 34457 948 35 . . . 34457 949 1 This this DT 34457 949 2 will will MD 34457 949 3 be be VB 34457 949 4 readily readily RB 34457 949 5 understood understand VBN 34457 949 6 from from IN 34457 949 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 949 8 . . . 34457 950 1 15 15 CD 34457 950 2 . . . 34457 951 1 The the DT 34457 951 2 dotted dotted JJ 34457 951 3 line line NN 34457 951 4 D'OD D'OD NNS 34457 951 5 is be VBZ 34457 951 6 a a DT 34457 951 7 line line NN 34457 951 8 of of IN 34457 951 9 constant constant JJ 34457 951 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 951 11 ; ; : 34457 951 12 on on IN 34457 951 13 adding add VBG 34457 951 14 heat heat NN 34457 951 15 , , , 34457 951 16 the the DT 34457 951 17 system system NN 34457 951 18 passes pass VBZ 34457 951 19 along along IN 34457 951 20 the the DT 34457 951 21 line line NN 34457 951 22 OD OD NNP 34457 951 23 into into IN 34457 951 24 the the DT 34457 951 25 region region NN 34457 951 26 of of IN 34457 951 27 vapour vapour NN 34457 951 28 ; ; : 34457 951 29 on on IN 34457 951 30 heat heat NN 34457 951 31 being be VBG 34457 951 32 withdrawn withdraw VBN 34457 951 33 , , , 34457 951 34 the the DT 34457 951 35 system system NN 34457 951 36 passes pass VBZ 34457 951 37 along along IN 34457 951 38 OD OD NNP 34457 951 39 ' ' '' 34457 951 40 into into IN 34457 951 41 the the DT 34457 951 42 area area NN 34457 951 43 of of IN 34457 951 44 solid solid JJ 34457 951 45 . . . 34457 952 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 952 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 952 3 : : : 34457 952 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 952 5 . . . 34457 953 1 15 15 CD 34457 953 2 . . . 34457 953 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 954 1 Similar similar JJ 34457 954 2 changes change NNS 34457 954 3 are be VBP 34457 954 4 produced produce VBN 34457 954 5 when when WRB 34457 954 6 the the DT 34457 954 7 volume volume NN 34457 954 8 of of IN 34457 954 9 the the DT 34457 954 10 system system NN 34457 954 11 is be VBZ 34457 954 12 altered alter VBN 34457 954 13 . . . 34457 955 1 Alteration alteration NN 34457 955 2 of of IN 34457 955 3 volume volume NN 34457 955 4 may may MD 34457 955 5 take take VB 34457 955 6 place place NN 34457 955 7 either either CC 34457 955 8 while while IN 34457 955 9 transference transference NN 34457 955 10 of of IN 34457 955 11 heat heat NN 34457 955 12 to to IN 34457 955 13 or or CC 34457 955 14 from from IN 34457 955 15 the the DT 34457 955 16 system system NN 34457 955 17 is be VBZ 34457 955 18 cut cut VBN 34457 955 19 off off RP 34457 955 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 955 21 adiabatic adiabatic JJ 34457 955 22 change change NN 34457 955 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 955 24 , , , 34457 955 25 or or CC 34457 955 26 while while IN 34457 955 27 such such JJ 34457 955 28 transference transference NN 34457 955 29 may may MD 34457 955 30 occur occur VB 34457 955 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 955 32 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 955 33 change change NN 34457 955 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 955 35 . . . 34457 956 1 In in IN 34457 956 2 the the DT 34457 956 3 latter latter JJ 34457 956 4 case case NN 34457 956 5 , , , 34457 956 6 the the DT 34457 956 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 956 8 of of IN 34457 956 9 the the DT 34457 956 10 system system NN 34457 956 11 will will MD 34457 956 12 remain remain VB 34457 956 13 constant constant JJ 34457 956 14 ; ; : 34457 956 15 in in IN 34457 956 16 the the DT 34457 956 17 former former JJ 34457 956 18 case case NN 34457 956 19 , , , 34457 956 20 since since IN 34457 956 21 at at IN 34457 956 22 the the DT 34457 956 23 triple triple JJ 34457 956 24 point point NN 34457 956 25 the the DT 34457 956 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 956 27 must must MD 34457 956 28 be be VB 34457 956 29 constant constant JJ 34457 956 30 so so RB 34457 956 31 long long RB 34457 956 32 as as IN 34457 956 33 the the DT 34457 956 34 three three CD 34457 956 35 phases phase NNS 34457 956 36 are be VBP 34457 956 37 present present JJ 34457 956 38 , , , 34457 956 39 increase increase NN 34457 956 40 of of IN 34457 956 41 volume volume NN 34457 956 42 must must MD 34457 956 43 be be VB 34457 956 44 compensated compensate VBN 34457 956 45 by by IN 34457 956 46 the the DT 34457 956 47 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 956 48 of of IN 34457 956 49 liquid liquid NN 34457 956 50 . . . 34457 957 1 This this DT 34457 957 2 , , , 34457 957 3 however however RB 34457 957 4 , , , 34457 957 5 would would MD 34457 957 6 cause cause VB 34457 957 7 the the DT 34457 957 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 957 9 to to TO 34457 957 10 fall fall VB 34457 957 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 957 12 since since IN 34457 957 13 communication communication NN 34457 957 14 of of IN 34457 957 15 heat heat NN 34457 957 16 from from IN 34457 957 17 the the DT 34457 957 18 outside outside NN 34457 957 19 is be VBZ 34457 957 20 supposed suppose VBN 34457 957 21 to to TO 34457 957 22 be be VB 34457 957 23 cut cut VBN 34457 957 24 off off RP 34457 957 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 957 26 , , , 34457 957 27 and and CC 34457 957 28 a a DT 34457 957 29 portion portion NN 34457 957 30 of of IN 34457 957 31 the the DT 34457 957 32 liquid liquid NN 34457 957 33 must must MD 34457 957 34 therefore therefore RB 34457 957 35 freeze freeze VB 34457 957 36 . . . 34457 958 1 In in IN 34457 958 2 this this DT 34457 958 3 way way NN 34457 958 4 the the DT 34457 958 5 latent latent NN 34457 958 6 heat heat NN 34457 958 7 of of IN 34457 958 8 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 958 9 is be VBZ 34457 958 10 counterbalanced counterbalance VBN 34457 958 11 by by IN 34457 958 12 the the DT 34457 958 13 latent latent NN 34457 958 14 heat heat NN 34457 958 15 of of IN 34457 958 16 fusion fusion NN 34457 958 17 . . . 34457 959 1 As as IN 34457 959 2 the the DT 34457 959 3 result result NN 34457 959 4 of of IN 34457 959 5 increase increase NN 34457 959 6 of of IN 34457 959 7 volume volume NN 34457 959 8 , , , 34457 959 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 959 10 , , , 34457 959 11 the the DT 34457 959 12 process process NN 34457 959 13 occurs occur VBZ 34457 959 14 L l NN 34457 959 15 -- -- : 34457 959 16 > > XX 34457 959 17 S s NN 34457 959 18 + + CC 34457 959 19 V. v. NN 34457 959 20 Diminution diminution NN 34457 959 21 of of IN 34457 959 22 volume volume NN 34457 959 23 , , , 34457 959 24 without without IN 34457 959 25 transference transference NN 34457 959 26 of of IN 34457 959 27 heat heat NN 34457 959 28 , , , 34457 959 29 will will MD 34457 959 30 bring bring VB 34457 959 31 about about RP 34457 959 32 the the DT 34457 959 33 opposite opposite JJ 34457 959 34 change change NN 34457 959 35 , , , 34457 959 36 S s NN 34457 959 37 + + CC 34457 959 38 V v NN 34457 959 39 -- -- : 34457 959 40 > > NFP 34457 959 41 L. L. NNP 34457 959 42 In in IN 34457 959 43 the the DT 34457 959 44 former former JJ 34457 959 45 case case NN 34457 959 46 there there EX 34457 959 47 is be VBZ 34457 959 48 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 959 49 obtained obtain VBN 34457 959 50 the the DT 34457 959 51 univariant univariant JJ 34457 959 52 system system NN 34457 959 53 S S NNP 34457 959 54 - - HYPH 34457 959 55 V V NNP 34457 959 56 ; ; : 34457 959 57 in in IN 34457 959 58 the the DT 34457 959 59 latter latter JJ 34457 959 60 case case NN 34457 959 61 there there EX 34457 959 62 will will MD 34457 959 63 be be VB 34457 959 64 { { -LRB- 34457 959 65 61 61 CD 34457 959 66 } } -RRB- 34457 959 67 obtained obtain VBN 34457 959 68 either either CC 34457 959 69 S S NNP 34457 959 70 - - HYPH 34457 959 71 L L NNP 34457 959 72 or or CC 34457 959 73 L L NNP 34457 959 74 - - HYPH 34457 959 75 V V NNP 34457 959 76 according accord VBG 34457 959 77 as as IN 34457 959 78 the the DT 34457 959 79 vapour vapour JJ 34457 959 80 or or CC 34457 959 81 solid solid JJ 34457 959 82 phase phase NN 34457 959 83 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 959 84 first first RB 34457 959 85 . . . 34457 960 1 This this DT 34457 960 2 argument argument NN 34457 960 3 holds hold VBZ 34457 960 4 good good JJ 34457 960 5 for for IN 34457 960 6 both both DT 34457 960 7 types type NNS 34457 960 8 of of IN 34457 960 9 triple triple JJ 34457 960 10 point point NN 34457 960 11 shown show VBN 34457 960 12 in in IN 34457 960 13 Figs Figs NNP 34457 960 14 . . . 34457 961 1 13 13 CD 34457 961 2 and and CC 34457 961 3 14 14 CD 34457 961 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 961 5 p. p. NN 34457 961 6 57 57 CD 34457 961 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 961 8 . . . 34457 962 1 A a DT 34457 962 2 glance glance NN 34457 962 3 at at IN 34457 962 4 these these DT 34457 962 5 figures figure NNS 34457 962 6 will will MD 34457 962 7 show show VB 34457 962 8 that that DT 34457 962 9 increase increase NN 34457 962 10 of of IN 34457 962 11 volume volume NN 34457 962 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 962 13 diminution diminution NN 34457 962 14 of of IN 34457 962 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 962 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 962 17 will will MD 34457 962 18 lead lead VB 34457 962 19 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 962 20 to to IN 34457 962 21 the the DT 34457 962 22 system system NN 34457 962 23 S S NNP 34457 962 24 - - HYPH 34457 962 25 V V NNP 34457 962 26 , , , 34457 962 27 for for IN 34457 962 28 at at IN 34457 962 29 pressures pressure NNS 34457 962 30 lower low JJR 34457 962 31 than than IN 34457 962 32 that that DT 34457 962 33 of of IN 34457 962 34 the the DT 34457 962 35 triple triple JJ 34457 962 36 point point NN 34457 962 37 , , , 34457 962 38 the the DT 34457 962 39 liquid liquid JJ 34457 962 40 phase phase NN 34457 962 41 can can MD 34457 962 42 not not RB 34457 962 43 exist exist VB 34457 962 44 . . . 34457 963 1 Decrease decrease NN 34457 963 2 of of IN 34457 963 3 volume volume NN 34457 963 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 963 5 increase increase NN 34457 963 6 of of IN 34457 963 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 963 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 963 9 , , , 34457 963 10 on on IN 34457 963 11 the the DT 34457 963 12 other other JJ 34457 963 13 hand hand NN 34457 963 14 , , , 34457 963 15 will will MD 34457 963 16 lead lead VB 34457 963 17 either either CC 34457 963 18 to to IN 34457 963 19 the the DT 34457 963 20 system system NN 34457 963 21 S S NNP 34457 963 22 - - HYPH 34457 963 23 L L NNP 34457 963 24 or or CC 34457 963 25 L L NNP 34457 963 26 - - HYPH 34457 963 27 V V NNP 34457 963 28 , , , 34457 963 29 because because IN 34457 963 30 these these DT 34457 963 31 systems system NNS 34457 963 32 can can MD 34457 963 33 exist exist VB 34457 963 34 at at IN 34457 963 35 pressures pressure NNS 34457 963 36 higher high JJR 34457 963 37 than than IN 34457 963 38 that that DT 34457 963 39 of of IN 34457 963 40 the the DT 34457 963 41 triple triple JJ 34457 963 42 point point NN 34457 963 43 . . . 34457 964 1 If if IN 34457 964 2 the the DT 34457 964 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 964 4 phase phase NN 34457 964 5 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 964 6 and and CC 34457 964 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 964 8 pass pass VBP 34457 964 9 to to IN 34457 964 10 the the DT 34457 964 11 curve curve NN 34457 964 12 S S NNP 34457 964 13 - - HYPH 34457 964 14 L L NNP 34457 964 15 , , , 34457 964 16 continued continued JJ 34457 964 17 diminution diminution NN 34457 964 18 of of IN 34457 964 19 volume volume NN 34457 964 20 will will MD 34457 964 21 be be VB 34457 964 22 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 964 23 by by IN 34457 964 24 a a DT 34457 964 25 fall fall NN 34457 964 26 in in IN 34457 964 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 964 28 in in IN 34457 964 29 the the DT 34457 964 30 case case NN 34457 964 31 of of IN 34457 964 32 systems system NNS 34457 964 33 of of IN 34457 964 34 the the DT 34457 964 35 first first JJ 34457 964 36 type type NN 34457 964 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 964 38 Fig fig NN 34457 964 39 . . . 34457 965 1 13 13 CD 34457 965 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 965 3 , , , 34457 965 4 and and CC 34457 965 5 by by IN 34457 965 6 a a DT 34457 965 7 rise rise NN 34457 965 8 in in IN 34457 965 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 965 10 in in IN 34457 965 11 the the DT 34457 965 12 case case NN 34457 965 13 of of IN 34457 965 14 systems system NNS 34457 965 15 of of IN 34457 965 16 the the DT 34457 965 17 second second JJ 34457 965 18 type type NN 34457 965 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 965 20 Fig fig NN 34457 965 21 . . . 34457 966 1 14 14 CD 34457 966 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 966 3 . . . 34457 967 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 967 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 967 3 : : : 34457 967 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 967 5 . . . 34457 968 1 16 16 CD 34457 968 2 . . . 34457 968 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 969 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 969 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 969 3 : : : 34457 969 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 969 5 . . . 34457 970 1 17 17 CD 34457 970 2 . . . 34457 970 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 971 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 971 2 , , , 34457 971 3 if if IN 34457 971 4 the the DT 34457 971 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 971 6 is be VBZ 34457 971 7 maintained maintain VBN 34457 971 8 constant constant JJ 34457 971 9 , , , 34457 971 10 _ _ NNP 34457 971 11 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 971 12 _ _ NNP 34457 971 13 if if IN 34457 971 14 heat heat NN 34457 971 15 can can MD 34457 971 16 pass pass VB 34457 971 17 into into IN 34457 971 18 or or CC 34457 971 19 out out IN 34457 971 20 of of IN 34457 971 21 the the DT 34457 971 22 system system NN 34457 971 23 , , , 34457 971 24 then then RB 34457 971 25 on on IN 34457 971 26 changing change VBG 34457 971 27 the the DT 34457 971 28 volume volume NN 34457 971 29 the the DT 34457 971 30 same same JJ 34457 971 31 changes change NNS 34457 971 32 in in IN 34457 971 33 the the DT 34457 971 34 phases phase NNS 34457 971 35 will will MD 34457 971 36 take take VB 34457 971 37 place place NN 34457 971 38 as as IN 34457 971 39 described describe VBN 34457 971 40 above above IN 34457 971 41 until until IN 34457 971 42 one one CD 34457 971 43 of of IN 34457 971 44 the the DT 34457 971 45 phases phase NNS 34457 971 46 has have VBZ 34457 971 47 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 971 48 . . . 34457 972 1 Continued continue VBN 34457 972 2 increase increase NN 34457 972 3 of of IN 34457 972 4 volume volume NN 34457 972 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 972 6 decrease decrease NN 34457 972 7 of of IN 34457 972 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 972 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 972 10 will will MD 34457 972 11 then then RB 34457 972 12 cause cause VB 34457 972 13 the the DT 34457 972 14 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 972 15 of of IN 34457 972 16 a a DT 34457 972 17 second second JJ 34457 972 18 phase phase NN 34457 972 19 , , , 34457 972 20 the the DT 34457 972 21 system system NN 34457 972 22 passing pass VBG 34457 972 23 along along IN 34457 972 24 the the DT 34457 972 25 dotted dotted JJ 34457 972 26 line line NN 34457 972 27 OE oe NN 34457 972 28 ' ' '' 34457 972 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 972 30 Figs fig NNS 34457 972 31 . . . 34457 973 1 16 16 CD 34457 973 2 , , , 34457 973 3 17 17 CD 34457 973 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 973 5 , , , 34457 973 6 so so IN 34457 973 7 that that IN 34457 973 8 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 973 9 there there EX 34457 973 10 remains remain VBZ 34457 973 11 only only RB 34457 973 12 the the DT 34457 973 13 vapour vapour JJ 34457 973 14 phase phase NN 34457 973 15 . . . 34457 974 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 974 2 , , , 34457 974 3 diminution diminution NN 34457 974 4 of of IN 34457 974 5 volume volume NN 34457 974 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 974 7 increase increase NN 34457 974 8 of of IN 34457 974 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 974 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 974 11 will will MD 34457 974 12 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 974 13 lead lead VB 34457 974 14 either either CC 34457 974 15 to to IN 34457 974 16 solid solid JJ 34457 974 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 974 18 Fig fig NN 34457 974 19 . . . 34457 975 1 16 16 CD 34457 975 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 975 3 or or CC 34457 975 4 to to IN 34457 975 5 liquid liquid VB 34457 975 6 alone alone RB 34457 975 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 975 8 Fig fig NN 34457 975 9 . . . 34457 976 1 17 17 CD 34457 976 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 976 3 , , , 34457 976 4 the the DT 34457 976 5 system system NN 34457 976 6 passing pass VBG 34457 976 7 along along IN 34457 976 8 the the DT 34457 976 9 dotted dotted JJ 34457 976 10 line line NN 34457 976 11 OE oe NN 34457 976 12 . . . 34457 977 1 { { -LRB- 34457 977 2 62 62 CD 34457 977 3 } } -RRB- 34457 977 4 In in IN 34457 977 5 discussing discuss VBG 34457 977 6 the the DT 34457 977 7 alterations alteration NNS 34457 977 8 which which WDT 34457 977 9 may may MD 34457 977 10 take take VB 34457 977 11 place place NN 34457 977 12 at at IN 34457 977 13 the the DT 34457 977 14 triple triple JJ 34457 977 15 point point NN 34457 977 16 with with IN 34457 977 17 change change NN 34457 977 18 of of IN 34457 977 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 977 20 and and CC 34457 977 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 977 22 , , , 34457 977 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 977 24 have have VBP 34457 977 25 considered consider VBN 34457 977 26 only only RB 34457 977 27 the the DT 34457 977 28 triple triple JJ 34457 977 29 point point NN 34457 977 30 S S NNP 34457 977 31 - - HYPH 34457 977 32 L L NNP 34457 977 33 - - HYPH 34457 977 34 V. V. NNP 34457 978 1 The the DT 34457 978 2 same same JJ 34457 978 3 reasoning reasoning NN 34457 978 4 , , , 34457 978 5 however however RB 34457 978 6 , , , 34457 978 7 applies apply VBZ 34457 978 8 , , , 34457 978 9 _ _ NNP 34457 978 10 mutatis mutatis NN 34457 978 11 mutandis mutandis NN 34457 978 12 _ _ NNP 34457 978 13 , , , 34457 978 14 to to IN 34457 978 15 all all DT 34457 978 16 other other JJ 34457 978 17 triple triple JJ 34457 978 18 points point NNS 34457 978 19 , , , 34457 978 20 so so IN 34457 978 21 that that IN 34457 978 22 if if IN 34457 978 23 the the DT 34457 978 24 specific specific JJ 34457 978 25 volumes volume NNS 34457 978 26 of of IN 34457 978 27 the the DT 34457 978 28 phases phase NNS 34457 978 29 are be VBP 34457 978 30 known know VBN 34457 978 31 , , , 34457 978 32 and and CC 34457 978 33 the the DT 34457 978 34 sign sign NN 34457 978 35 of of IN 34457 978 36 the the DT 34457 978 37 heat heat NN 34457 978 38 effects effect NNS 34457 978 39 which which WDT 34457 978 40 accompany accompany VBP 34457 978 41 the the DT 34457 978 42 transformation transformation NN 34457 978 43 of of IN 34457 978 44 one one CD 34457 978 45 phase phase NN 34457 978 46 into into IN 34457 978 47 the the DT 34457 978 48 other other JJ 34457 978 49 , , , 34457 978 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 978 51 is be VBZ 34457 978 52 possible possible JJ 34457 978 53 to to TO 34457 978 54 predict predict VB 34457 978 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 978 56 by by IN 34457 978 57 means mean NNS 34457 978 58 of of IN 34457 978 59 the the DT 34457 978 60 theorem theorem NN 34457 978 61 of of IN 34457 978 62 Le Le NNP 34457 978 63 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 978 64 ) ) -RRB- 34457 978 65 the the DT 34457 978 66 changes change NNS 34457 978 67 which which WDT 34457 978 68 will will MD 34457 978 69 be be VB 34457 978 70 produced produce VBN 34457 978 71 in in IN 34457 978 72 the the DT 34457 978 73 system system NN 34457 978 74 by by IN 34457 978 75 alteration alteration NN 34457 978 76 of of IN 34457 978 77 the the DT 34457 978 78 pressure pressure NN 34457 978 79 and and CC 34457 978 80 temperature temperature NN 34457 978 81 . . . 34457 979 1 In in IN 34457 979 2 all all DT 34457 979 3 cases case NNS 34457 979 4 of of IN 34457 979 5 transformation transformation NN 34457 979 6 at at IN 34457 979 7 the the DT 34457 979 8 triple triple JJ 34457 979 9 point point NN 34457 979 10 , , , 34457 979 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 979 12 should should MD 34457 979 13 be be VB 34457 979 14 noted note VBN 34457 979 15 that that IN 34457 979 16 all all DT 34457 979 17 _ _ NNP 34457 979 18 three three CD 34457 979 19 phases phase NNS 34457 979 20 are be VBP 34457 979 21 involved involve VBN 34457 979 22 in in IN 34457 979 23 the the DT 34457 979 24 change_,[107 change_,[107 NN 34457 979 25 ] ] -RRB- 34457 979 26 and and CC 34457 979 27 not not RB 34457 979 28 two two CD 34457 979 29 only only RB 34457 979 30 ; ; : 34457 979 31 the the DT 34457 979 32 fact fact NN 34457 979 33 that that IN 34457 979 34 in in IN 34457 979 35 the the DT 34457 979 36 case case NN 34457 979 37 , , , 34457 979 38 say say UH 34457 979 39 , , , 34457 979 40 of of IN 34457 979 41 the the DT 34457 979 42 transformation transformation NN 34457 979 43 from from IN 34457 979 44 solid solid JJ 34457 979 45 to to IN 34457 979 46 liquid liquid NN 34457 979 47 , , , 34457 979 48 or or CC 34457 979 49 liquid liquid NN 34457 979 50 to to IN 34457 979 51 solid solid JJ 34457 979 52 , , , 34457 979 53 at at IN 34457 979 54 the the DT 34457 979 55 melting melting NN 34457 979 56 point point NN 34457 979 57 with with IN 34457 979 58 change change NN 34457 979 59 of of IN 34457 979 60 temperature temperature NN 34457 979 61 , , , 34457 979 62 only only RB 34457 979 63 these these DT 34457 979 64 two two CD 34457 979 65 phases phase NNS 34457 979 66 appear appear VBP 34457 979 67 to to TO 34457 979 68 be be VB 34457 979 69 affected affect VBN 34457 979 70 , , , 34457 979 71 is be VBZ 34457 979 72 due due JJ 34457 979 73 to to IN 34457 979 74 there there EX 34457 979 75 generally generally RB 34457 979 76 being be VBG 34457 979 77 a a DT 34457 979 78 large large JJ 34457 979 79 excess excess NN 34457 979 80 of of IN 34457 979 81 the the DT 34457 979 82 vapour vapour NN 34457 979 83 phase phase NN 34457 979 84 present present JJ 34457 979 85 and and CC 34457 979 86 to to IN 34457 979 87 the the DT 34457 979 88 prior prior JJ 34457 979 89 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 979 90 therefore therefore RB 34457 979 91 of of IN 34457 979 92 the the DT 34457 979 93 solid solid JJ 34457 979 94 or or CC 34457 979 95 liquid liquid JJ 34457 979 96 phase phase NN 34457 979 97 . . . 34457 980 1 In in IN 34457 980 2 the the DT 34457 980 3 case case NN 34457 980 4 of of IN 34457 980 5 triple triple JJ 34457 980 6 points point NNS 34457 980 7 at at IN 34457 980 8 which which WDT 34457 980 9 two two CD 34457 980 10 solid solid JJ 34457 980 11 phases phase NNS 34457 980 12 are be VBP 34457 980 13 in in IN 34457 980 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 980 15 with with IN 34457 980 16 liquid liquid NN 34457 980 17 , , , 34457 980 18 other other JJ 34457 980 19 arrangements arrangement NNS 34457 980 20 of of IN 34457 980 21 the the DT 34457 980 22 curves curve NNS 34457 980 23 around around IN 34457 980 24 the the DT 34457 980 25 triple triple JJ 34457 980 26 point point NN 34457 980 27 are be VBP 34457 980 28 found find VBN 34457 980 29 . . . 34457 981 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 981 2 is be VBZ 34457 981 3 , , , 34457 981 4 however however RB 34457 981 5 , , , 34457 981 6 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 34457 981 7 to to TO 34457 981 8 give give VB 34457 981 9 a a DT 34457 981 10 general general JJ 34457 981 11 treatment treatment NN 34457 981 12 of of IN 34457 981 13 these these DT 34457 981 14 here here RB 34457 981 15 , , , 34457 981 16 since since IN 34457 981 17 the the DT 34457 981 18 principles principle NNS 34457 981 19 which which WDT 34457 981 20 have have VBP 34457 981 21 been be VBN 34457 981 22 applied apply VBN 34457 981 23 to to IN 34457 981 24 the the DT 34457 981 25 triple triple JJ 34457 981 26 point point NN 34457 981 27 S S NNP 34457 981 28 - - HYPH 34457 981 29 L L NNP 34457 981 30 - - HYPH 34457 981 31 V V NNP 34457 981 32 can can MD 34457 981 33 also also RB 34457 981 34 be be VB 34457 981 35 applied apply VBN 34457 981 36 to to IN 34457 981 37 the the DT 34457 981 38 other other JJ 34457 981 39 triple triple JJ 34457 981 40 points point NNS 34457 981 41 . . . 34457 982 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 982 2 108 108 CD 34457 982 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 982 4 Triple triple JJ 34457 982 5 Point point NN 34457 982 6 Solid solid JJ 34457 982 7 -- -- : 34457 982 8 Solid solid JJ 34457 982 9 -- -- : 34457 982 10 Vapour.--The vapour.--the IN 34457 982 11 triple triple JJ 34457 982 12 point point NN 34457 982 13 solid solid RB 34457 982 14 -- -- : 34457 982 15 solid solid JJ 34457 982 16 -- -- : 34457 982 17 vapour vapour RB 34457 982 18 is be VBZ 34457 982 19 one one CD 34457 982 20 which which WDT 34457 982 21 is be VBZ 34457 982 22 of of IN 34457 982 23 considerable considerable JJ 34457 982 24 importance importance NN 34457 982 25 . . . 34457 983 1 Examples example NNS 34457 983 2 of of IN 34457 983 3 such such PDT 34457 983 4 a a DT 34457 983 5 triple triple JJ 34457 983 6 point point NN 34457 983 7 have have VBP 34457 983 8 already already RB 34457 983 9 been be VBN 34457 983 10 given give VBN 34457 983 11 in in IN 34457 983 12 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 983 13 and and CC 34457 983 14 tin tin NNP 34457 983 15 , , , 34457 983 16 and and CC 34457 983 17 a a DT 34457 983 18 list list NN 34457 983 19 of of IN 34457 983 20 other other JJ 34457 983 21 substances substance NNS 34457 983 22 capable capable JJ 34457 983 23 of of IN 34457 983 24 yielding yield VBG 34457 983 25 two two CD 34457 983 26 solid solid JJ 34457 983 27 phases phase NNS 34457 983 28 is be VBZ 34457 983 29 given give VBN 34457 983 30 below below RP 34457 983 31 . . . 34457 984 1 The the DT 34457 984 2 triple triple JJ 34457 984 3 point point NN 34457 984 4 S S NNP 34457 984 5 - - HYPH 34457 984 6 S S NNP 34457 984 7 - - HYPH 34457 984 8 V V NNP 34457 984 9 is be VBZ 34457 984 10 not not RB 34457 984 11 precisely precisely RB 34457 984 12 the the DT 34457 984 13 same same JJ 34457 984 14 as as IN 34457 984 15 the the DT 34457 984 16 transition transition NN 34457 984 17 point point NN 34457 984 18 , , , 34457 984 19 but but CC 34457 984 20 is be VBZ 34457 984 21 very very RB 34457 984 22 nearly nearly RB 34457 984 23 so so RB 34457 984 24 . . . 34457 985 1 The the DT 34457 985 2 transition transition NN 34457 985 3 point point NN 34457 985 4 is be VBZ 34457 985 5 the the DT 34457 985 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 985 7 at at IN 34457 985 8 which which WDT 34457 985 9 the the DT 34457 985 10 relative relative JJ 34457 985 11 stability stability NN 34457 985 12 of of IN 34457 985 13 the the DT 34457 985 14 two two CD 34457 985 15 solid solid JJ 34457 985 16 phases phase NNS 34457 985 17 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 985 18 change change NN 34457 985 19 , , , 34457 985 20 when when WRB 34457 985 21 the the DT 34457 985 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 985 23 phase phase NN 34457 985 24 is be VBZ 34457 985 25 absent absent JJ 34457 985 26 and and CC 34457 985 27 the the DT 34457 985 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 985 29 is be VBZ 34457 985 30 1 1 CD 34457 985 31 atm atm NN 34457 985 32 . . . 34457 986 1 ; ; : 34457 986 2 whereas whereas IN 34457 986 3 at at IN 34457 986 4 the the DT 34457 986 5 triple triple JJ 34457 986 6 point point NN 34457 986 7 the the DT 34457 986 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 986 9 is be VBZ 34457 986 10 that that DT 34457 986 11 of of IN 34457 986 12 the the DT 34457 986 13 system system NN 34457 986 14 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 986 15 . . . 34457 987 1 The the DT 34457 987 2 transition transition NN 34457 987 3 point point NN 34457 987 4 , , , 34457 987 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 987 6 , , , 34457 987 7 bears bear VBZ 34457 987 8 the the DT 34457 987 9 same same JJ 34457 987 10 relation relation NN 34457 987 11 to to IN 34457 987 12 the the DT 34457 987 13 triple triple JJ 34457 987 14 point point NN 34457 987 15 S S NNP 34457 987 16 - - HYPH 34457 987 17 S S NNP 34457 987 18 - - HYPH 34457 987 19 V V NNP 34457 987 20 as as IN 34457 987 21 the the DT 34457 987 22 melting melting NN 34457 987 23 point point NN 34457 987 24 to to IN 34457 987 25 the the DT 34457 987 26 triple triple JJ 34457 987 27 point point NN 34457 987 28 S S NNP 34457 987 29 - - HYPH 34457 987 30 L L NNP 34457 987 31 - - HYPH 34457 987 32 V. V. NNP 34457 987 33 { { -LRB- 34457 987 34 63 63 CD 34457 987 35 } } -RRB- 34457 987 36 In in IN 34457 987 37 the the DT 34457 987 38 following follow VBG 34457 987 39 table table NN 34457 987 40 is be VBZ 34457 987 41 given give VBN 34457 987 42 a a DT 34457 987 43 list list NN 34457 987 44 of of IN 34457 987 45 the the DT 34457 987 46 most most RBS 34457 987 47 important important JJ 34457 987 48 polymorphous polymorphous JJ 34457 987 49 substances substance NNS 34457 987 50 , , , 34457 987 51 and and CC 34457 987 52 the the DT 34457 987 53 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 987 54 of of IN 34457 987 55 the the DT 34457 987 56 transition transition NN 34457 987 57 point point NN 34457 987 58 . . . 34457 988 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 988 2 109 109 CD 34457 988 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 988 4 ------------------------------------+------------- ------------------------------------+------------- NFP 34457 988 5 | | NNP 34457 988 6 Substance substance NN 34457 988 7 . . . 34457 989 1 | | NNP 34457 989 2 Transition Transition NNP 34457 989 3 | | CD 34457 989 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 989 5 . . . 34457 990 1 ------------------------------------+------------- ------------------------------------+------------- : 34457 990 2 | | NNP 34457 990 3 Ammonium Ammonium NNP 34457 990 4 nitrate-- nitrate-- NNP 34457 990 5 | | NNP 34457 990 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 990 7 beta]-rhombic beta]-rhombic NN 34457 990 8 -- -- : 34457 990 9 > > XX 34457 990 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 990 11 alpha]-rhombic alpha]-rhombic JJ 34457 990 12 | | NNP 34457 990 13 35 35 NNP 34457 990 14 ° ° , 34457 990 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 990 16 alpha]-rhombic alpha]-rhombic NN 34457 990 17 -- -- : 34457 990 18 > > XX 34457 990 19 rhombohedral rhombohedral JJ 34457 990 20 | | NNP 34457 990 21 83 83 NNP 34457 990 22 ° ° , 34457 990 23 Rhombohedral rhombohedral JJ 34457 990 24 -- -- : 34457 990 25 > > XX 34457 990 26 regular regular JJ 34457 990 27 | | NNP 34457 990 28 125 125 NNP 34457 990 29 ° ° , 34457 990 30 Mercuric Mercuric NNP 34457 990 31 iodide iodide NN 34457 990 32 | | NNP 34457 990 33 126 126â CD 34457 990 34 ° ° , 34457 990 35 Potassium Potassium NNP 34457 990 36 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 990 37 | | NNP 34457 990 38 129 129â CD 34457 990 39 ° ° , 34457 990 40 Silver Silver NNP 34457 990 41 iodide iodide NN 34457 990 42 | | CD 34457 990 43 145 145â CD 34457 990 44 ° ° , 34457 990 45 Silver silver NN 34457 990 46 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 990 47 | | NNP 34457 990 48 160 160â CD 34457 990 49 ° ° , 34457 990 50 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 990 51 | | NNP 34457 990 52 95.5 95.5â CD 34457 990 53 ° ° , 34457 990 54 Tetrabrommethane Tetrabrommethane NNP 34457 990 55 | | NNP 34457 990 56 46.8 46.8â CD 34457 990 57 ° ° , 34457 990 58 Thallium Thallium NNP 34457 990 59 nitrate-- nitrate-- NNP 34457 990 60 | | NNP 34457 990 61 Rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 990 62 -- -- : 34457 990 63 > > XX 34457 990 64 rhombohedral rhombohedral JJ 34457 990 65 | | NNP 34457 990 66 80 80 NNP 34457 990 67 ° ° , 34457 990 68 Rhombohedral rhombohedral JJ 34457 990 69 -- -- : 34457 990 70 > > XX 34457 990 71 regular regular JJ 34457 990 72 | | NNP 34457 990 73 142.5 142.5â CD 34457 990 74 ° ° , 34457 990 75 Thallium Thallium NNP 34457 990 76 picrate picrate NN 34457 990 77 | | NNP 34457 990 78 46 46â CD 34457 990 79 ° ° , 34457 990 80 Tin Tin NNP 34457 990 81 | | NNP 34457 990 82 20 20â CD 34457 990 83 ° ° , 34457 990 84 ------------------------------------+------------- ------------------------------------+------------- . 34457 990 85 Sublimation Sublimation NNP 34457 990 86 and and CC 34457 990 87 Vaporization Vaporization NNP 34457 990 88 Curves.--We Curves.--We NNPS 34457 990 89 have have VBP 34457 990 90 already already RB 34457 990 91 seen see VBN 34457 990 92 , , , 34457 990 93 in in IN 34457 990 94 the the DT 34457 990 95 case case NN 34457 990 96 of of IN 34457 990 97 ice ice NN 34457 990 98 and and CC 34457 990 99 liquid liquid JJ 34457 990 100 water water NN 34457 990 101 , , , 34457 990 102 that that IN 34457 990 103 the the DT 34457 990 104 vapour vapour NN 34457 990 105 pressure pressure NN 34457 990 106 increases increase NNS 34457 990 107 as as IN 34457 990 108 the the DT 34457 990 109 temperature temperature NN 34457 990 110 rises rise VBZ 34457 990 111 , , , 34457 990 112 the the DT 34457 990 113 increase increase NN 34457 990 114 of of IN 34457 990 115 pressure pressure NN 34457 990 116 per per IN 34457 990 117 degree degree NN 34457 990 118 being be VBG 34457 990 119 greater great JJR 34457 990 120 the the DT 34457 990 121 higher high JJR 34457 990 122 the the DT 34457 990 123 temperature temperature NN 34457 990 124 . . . 34457 991 1 The the DT 34457 991 2 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 991 3 and and CC 34457 991 4 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 991 5 curves curve NNS 34457 991 6 , , , 34457 991 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 991 8 , , , 34457 991 9 are be VBP 34457 991 10 not not RB 34457 991 11 straight straight JJ 34457 991 12 lines line NNS 34457 991 13 , , , 34457 991 14 but but CC 34457 991 15 are be VBP 34457 991 16 bent bent JJ 34457 991 17 , , , 34457 991 18 the the DT 34457 991 19 convex convex NNP 34457 991 20 side side NN 34457 991 21 of of IN 34457 991 22 the the DT 34457 991 23 curve curve NN 34457 991 24 being be VBG 34457 991 25 towards towards IN 34457 991 26 the the DT 34457 991 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 991 28 axis axis RB 34457 991 29 in in IN 34457 991 30 the the DT 34457 991 31 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 991 32 _ _ NNP 34457 991 33 pt_-diagram pt_-diagram NNP 34457 991 34 . . . 34457 992 1 In in IN 34457 992 2 the the DT 34457 992 3 case case NN 34457 992 4 of of IN 34457 992 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 992 6 and and CC 34457 992 7 of of IN 34457 992 8 tin tin NNP 34457 992 9 , , , 34457 992 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 992 11 assumed assume VBD 34457 992 12 vapour vapour NN 34457 992 13 to to TO 34457 992 14 be be VB 34457 992 15 given give VBN 34457 992 16 off off RP 34457 992 17 by by IN 34457 992 18 the the DT 34457 992 19 solid solid JJ 34457 992 20 substance substance NN 34457 992 21 , , , 34457 992 22 although although IN 34457 992 23 the the DT 34457 992 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 992 25 of of IN 34457 992 26 the the DT 34457 992 27 vapour vapour NN 34457 992 28 has have VBZ 34457 992 29 not not RB 34457 992 30 hitherto hitherto VBN 34457 992 31 been be VBN 34457 992 32 measured measure VBN 34457 992 33 . . . 34457 993 1 The the DT 34457 993 2 assumption assumption NN 34457 993 3 , , , 34457 993 4 however however RB 34457 993 5 , , , 34457 993 6 is be VBZ 34457 993 7 entirely entirely RB 34457 993 8 justified justify VBN 34457 993 9 , , , 34457 993 10 not not RB 34457 993 11 only only RB 34457 993 12 on on IN 34457 993 13 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 993 14 grounds ground NNS 34457 993 15 , , , 34457 993 16 but but CC 34457 993 17 also also RB 34457 993 18 because because IN 34457 993 19 the the DT 34457 993 20 existence existence NN 34457 993 21 of of IN 34457 993 22 a a DT 34457 993 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 993 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 993 25 has have VBZ 34457 993 26 been be VBN 34457 993 27 observed observe VBN 34457 993 28 in in IN 34457 993 29 the the DT 34457 993 30 case case NN 34457 993 31 of of IN 34457 993 32 many many JJ 34457 993 33 solid solid JJ 34457 993 34 substances substance NNS 34457 993 35 at at IN 34457 993 36 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 993 37 much much RB 34457 993 38 below below IN 34457 993 39 the the DT 34457 993 40 melting melt VBG 34457 993 41 point,[110 point,[110 NN 34457 993 42 ] ] -RRB- 34457 993 43 and and CC 34457 993 44 in in IN 34457 993 45 some some DT 34457 993 46 cases case NNS 34457 993 47 , , , 34457 993 48 _ _ NNP 34457 993 49 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 993 50 _ _ NNP 34457 993 51 camphor,[111 camphor,[111 NNP 34457 993 52 ] ] -RRB- 34457 993 53 the the DT 34457 993 54 vapour vapour JJ 34457 993 55 pressure pressure NN 34457 993 56 is be VBZ 34457 993 57 considerable considerable JJ 34457 993 58 . . . 34457 994 1 { { -LRB- 34457 994 2 64 64 CD 34457 994 3 } } -RRB- 34457 994 4 As as IN 34457 994 5 the the DT 34457 994 6 result result NN 34457 994 7 of of IN 34457 994 8 a a DT 34457 994 9 large large JJ 34457 994 10 number number NN 34457 994 11 of of IN 34457 994 12 determinations determination NNS 34457 994 13 , , , 34457 994 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 994 15 has have VBZ 34457 994 16 been be VBN 34457 994 17 found find VBN 34457 994 18 that that IN 34457 994 19 all all DT 34457 994 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 994 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 994 22 curves curve NNS 34457 994 23 have have VBP 34457 994 24 the the DT 34457 994 25 same same JJ 34457 994 26 general general JJ 34457 994 27 form form NN 34457 994 28 alluded allude VBN 34457 994 29 to to IN 34457 994 30 above above RB 34457 994 31 . . . 34457 995 1 Attempts attempt NNS 34457 995 2 have have VBP 34457 995 3 also also RB 34457 995 4 been be VBN 34457 995 5 made make VBN 34457 995 6 to to TO 34457 995 7 obtain obtain VB 34457 995 8 a a DT 34457 995 9 general general JJ 34457 995 10 expression expression NN 34457 995 11 for for IN 34457 995 12 the the DT 34457 995 13 quantitative quantitative JJ 34457 995 14 changes change NNS 34457 995 15 in in IN 34457 995 16 the the DT 34457 995 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 995 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 995 19 with with IN 34457 995 20 change change NN 34457 995 21 of of IN 34457 995 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 995 23 , , , 34457 995 24 but but CC 34457 995 25 without without IN 34457 995 26 success success NN 34457 995 27 . . . 34457 996 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 996 2 , , , 34457 996 3 the the DT 34457 996 4 _ _ NNP 34457 996 5 qualitative qualitative JJ 34457 996 6 _ _ NNP 34457 996 7 changes change NNS 34457 996 8 , , , 34457 996 9 or or CC 34457 996 10 the the DT 34457 996 11 general general JJ 34457 996 12 direction direction NN 34457 996 13 of of IN 34457 996 14 the the DT 34457 996 15 curves curve NNS 34457 996 16 , , , 34457 996 17 can can MD 34457 996 18 be be VB 34457 996 19 predicted predict VBN 34457 996 20 by by IN 34457 996 21 means mean NNS 34457 996 22 of of IN 34457 996 23 the the DT 34457 996 24 theorem theorem NN 34457 996 25 of of IN 34457 996 26 Le Le NNP 34457 996 27 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 996 28 . . . 34457 997 1 As as IN 34457 997 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 997 3 have have VBP 34457 997 4 already already RB 34457 997 5 learned learn VBN 34457 997 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 997 7 p. p. NN 34457 997 8 16 16 CD 34457 997 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 997 10 , , , 34457 997 11 the the DT 34457 997 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 997 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 997 14 takes take VBZ 34457 997 15 no no DT 34457 997 16 account account NN 34457 997 17 of of IN 34457 997 18 the the DT 34457 997 19 molecular molecular JJ 34457 997 20 complexity complexity NN 34457 997 21 of of IN 34457 997 22 the the DT 34457 997 23 substances substance NNS 34457 997 24 participating participate VBG 34457 997 25 in in IN 34457 997 26 an an DT 34457 997 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 997 28 . . . 34457 998 1 A a DT 34457 998 2 dissociating dissociate VBG 34457 998 3 substance substance NN 34457 998 4 , , , 34457 998 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 998 6 , , , 34457 998 7 in in IN 34457 998 8 contact contact NN 34457 998 9 with with IN 34457 998 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 998 11 vaporous vaporous JJ 34457 998 12 products product NNS 34457 998 13 of of IN 34457 998 14 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 998 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 998 16 _ _ NNP 34457 998 17 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 998 18 _ _ NNP 34457 998 19 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 998 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 998 21 in in IN 34457 998 22 contact contact NN 34457 998 23 with with IN 34457 998 24 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 998 25 and and CC 34457 998 26 hydrogen hydrogen NNP 34457 998 27 chloride chloride NN 34457 998 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 998 29 , , , 34457 998 30 will will MD 34457 998 31 likewise likewise RB 34457 998 32 constitute constitute VB 34457 998 33 a a DT 34457 998 34 univariant univariant JJ 34457 998 35 system system NN 34457 998 36 of of IN 34457 998 37 one one CD 34457 998 38 component component NN 34457 998 39 , , , 34457 998 40 provided provide VBD 34457 998 41 the the DT 34457 998 42 composition composition NN 34457 998 43 of of IN 34457 998 44 the the DT 34457 998 45 vapour vapour JJ 34457 998 46 phase phase NN 34457 998 47 as as IN 34457 998 48 a a DT 34457 998 49 whole whole NN 34457 998 50 is be VBZ 34457 998 51 the the DT 34457 998 52 same same JJ 34457 998 53 as as IN 34457 998 54 that that DT 34457 998 55 of of IN 34457 998 56 the the DT 34457 998 57 solid solid JJ 34457 998 58 or or CC 34457 998 59 liquid liquid JJ 34457 998 60 phase phase NN 34457 998 61 ( ( -LRB- 34457 998 62 p. p. NN 34457 998 63 13 13 CD 34457 998 64 ) ) -RRB- 34457 998 65 . . . 34457 999 1 For for IN 34457 999 2 all all DT 34457 999 3 such such JJ 34457 999 4 substances substance NNS 34457 999 5 , , , 34457 999 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 999 7 , , , 34457 999 8 the the DT 34457 999 9 conditions condition NNS 34457 999 10 of of IN 34457 999 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 999 12 will will MD 34457 999 13 be be VB 34457 999 14 represented represent VBN 34457 999 15 by by IN 34457 999 16 a a DT 34457 999 17 curve curve NN 34457 999 18 of of IN 34457 999 19 the the DT 34457 999 20 same same JJ 34457 999 21 general general JJ 34457 999 22 form form NN 34457 999 23 as as IN 34457 999 24 the the DT 34457 999 25 vapour vapour NN 34457 999 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 999 27 curve curve NN 34457 999 28 of of IN 34457 999 29 a a DT 34457 999 30 non non JJ 34457 999 31 - - JJ 34457 999 32 dissociating dissociating JJ 34457 999 33 substance substance NN 34457 999 34 . . . 34457 1000 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1000 2 112 112 CD 34457 1000 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1000 4 The the DT 34457 1000 5 same same JJ 34457 1000 6 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1000 7 is be VBZ 34457 1000 8 also also RB 34457 1000 9 found find VBN 34457 1000 10 in in IN 34457 1000 11 the the DT 34457 1000 12 case case NN 34457 1000 13 of of IN 34457 1000 14 substances substance NNS 34457 1000 15 which which WDT 34457 1000 16 polymerize polymerize VBP 34457 1000 17 on on IN 34457 1000 18 passing pass VBG 34457 1000 19 into into IN 34457 1000 20 the the DT 34457 1000 21 solid solid JJ 34457 1000 22 or or CC 34457 1000 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1000 24 state state NN 34457 1000 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1000 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1000 27 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1000 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1000 29 red red JJ 34457 1000 30 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1000 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1000 32 . . . 34457 1001 1 Where where WRB 34457 1001 2 such such JJ 34457 1001 3 changes change NNS 34457 1001 4 in in IN 34457 1001 5 the the DT 34457 1001 6 molecular molecular JJ 34457 1001 7 state state NN 34457 1001 8 occur occur VBP 34457 1001 9 , , , 34457 1001 10 however however RB 34457 1001 11 , , , 34457 1001 12 the the DT 34457 1001 13 time time NN 34457 1001 14 required require VBN 34457 1001 15 for for IN 34457 1001 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1001 17 to to TO 34457 1001 18 be be VB 34457 1001 19 established establish VBN 34457 1001 20 is be VBZ 34457 1001 21 , , , 34457 1001 22 as as IN 34457 1001 23 a a DT 34457 1001 24 rule rule NN 34457 1001 25 , , , 34457 1001 26 greater great JJR 34457 1001 27 than than IN 34457 1001 28 when when WRB 34457 1001 29 the the DT 34457 1001 30 molecular molecular JJ 34457 1001 31 state state NN 34457 1001 32 is be VBZ 34457 1001 33 the the DT 34457 1001 34 same same JJ 34457 1001 35 in in IN 34457 1001 36 both both DT 34457 1001 37 phases phase NNS 34457 1001 38 . . . 34457 1002 1 From from IN 34457 1002 2 an an DT 34457 1002 3 examination examination NN 34457 1002 4 of of IN 34457 1002 5 Figs fig NNS 34457 1002 6 . . . 34457 1003 1 13 13 CD 34457 1003 2 and and CC 34457 1003 3 14 14 CD 34457 1003 4 , , , 34457 1003 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1003 6 will will MD 34457 1003 7 be be VB 34457 1003 8 easy easy JJ 34457 1003 9 to to TO 34457 1003 10 predict predict VB 34457 1003 11 the the DT 34457 1003 12 effect effect NN 34457 1003 13 of of IN 34457 1003 14 change change NN 34457 1003 15 of of IN 34457 1003 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1003 17 and and CC 34457 1003 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1003 19 on on IN 34457 1003 20 the the DT 34457 1003 21 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1003 22 systems system NNS 34457 1003 23 S S NNP 34457 1003 24 - - HYPH 34457 1003 25 V V NNP 34457 1003 26 or or CC 34457 1003 27 L L NNP 34457 1003 28 - - HYPH 34457 1003 29 V. V. NNP 34457 1004 1 If if IN 34457 1004 2 the the DT 34457 1004 3 volume volume NN 34457 1004 4 is be VBZ 34457 1004 5 kept keep VBN 34457 1004 6 constant constant JJ 34457 1004 7 , , , 34457 1004 8 addition addition NN 34457 1004 9 of of IN 34457 1004 10 heat heat NN 34457 1004 11 will will MD 34457 1004 12 cause cause VB 34457 1004 13 an an DT 34457 1004 14 increase increase NN 34457 1004 15 of of IN 34457 1004 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1004 17 , , , 34457 1004 18 the the DT 34457 1004 19 system system NN 34457 1004 20 S S NNP 34457 1004 21 - - HYPH 34457 1004 22 V V NNP 34457 1004 23 moving move VBG 34457 1004 24 along along IN 34457 1004 25 the the DT 34457 1004 26 curve curve NN 34457 1004 27 AO AO NNP 34457 1004 28 until until IN 34457 1004 29 at at IN 34457 1004 30 the the DT 34457 1004 31 triple triple JJ 34457 1004 32 point point NN 34457 1004 33 the the DT 34457 1004 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1004 35 phase phase NN 34457 1004 36 is be VBZ 34457 1004 37 formed form VBN 34457 1004 38 , , , 34457 1004 39 and and CC 34457 1004 40 the the DT 34457 1004 41 system system NN 34457 1004 42 L L NNP 34457 1004 43 - - HYPH 34457 1004 44 V V NNP 34457 1004 45 moving move VBG 34457 1004 46 along along IN 34457 1004 47 the the DT 34457 1004 48 curve curve NN 34457 1004 49 OB OB NNP 34457 1004 50 ; ; : 34457 1004 51 so so RB 34457 1004 52 long long RB 34457 1004 53 as as IN 34457 1004 54 two two CD 34457 1004 55 phases phase NNS 34457 1004 56 are be VBP 34457 1004 57 present present JJ 34457 1004 58 , , , 34457 1004 59 the the DT 34457 1004 60 condition condition NN 34457 1004 61 of of IN 34457 1004 62 the the DT 34457 1004 63 system system NN 34457 1004 64 must must MD 34457 1004 65 be be VB 34457 1004 66 represented represent VBN 34457 1004 67 by by IN 34457 1004 68 these these DT 34457 1004 69 two two CD 34457 1004 70 curves curve NNS 34457 1004 71 . . . 34457 1005 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1005 2 , , , 34457 1005 3 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1005 4 of of IN 34457 1005 5 heat heat NN 34457 1005 6 will will MD 34457 1005 7 cause cause VB 34457 1005 8 condensation condensation NN 34457 1005 9 of of IN 34457 1005 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 1005 11 , , , 34457 1005 12 and and CC 34457 1005 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 1005 14 diminution diminution NN 34457 1005 15 of of IN 34457 1005 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1005 17 ; ; : 34457 1005 18 the the DT 34457 1005 19 system system NN 34457 1005 20 will will MD 34457 1005 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 1005 22 move move VB 34457 1005 23 along along IN 34457 1005 24 the the DT 34457 1005 25 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 1005 26 or or CC 34457 1005 27 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1005 28 curve curve NN 34457 1005 29 to to IN 34457 1005 30 lower lower VB 34457 1005 31 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1005 32 and and CC 34457 1005 33 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1005 34 , , , 34457 1005 35 so so RB 34457 1005 36 long long RB 34457 1005 37 as as IN 34457 1005 38 the the DT 34457 1005 39 system system NN 34457 1005 40 remains remain VBZ 34457 1005 41 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1005 42 . . . 34457 1006 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1006 2 65 65 CD 34457 1006 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1006 4 If if IN 34457 1006 5 transference transference NN 34457 1006 6 of of IN 34457 1006 7 heat heat NN 34457 1006 8 to to IN 34457 1006 9 or or CC 34457 1006 10 from from IN 34457 1006 11 the the DT 34457 1006 12 system system NN 34457 1006 13 is be VBZ 34457 1006 14 prevented prevent VBN 34457 1006 15 , , , 34457 1006 16 increase increase NN 34457 1006 17 of of IN 34457 1006 18 volume volume NN 34457 1006 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1006 20 diminution diminution NN 34457 1006 21 of of IN 34457 1006 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1006 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1006 24 will will MD 34457 1006 25 cause cause VB 34457 1006 26 the the DT 34457 1006 27 system system NN 34457 1006 28 L L NNP 34457 1006 29 - - HYPH 34457 1006 30 V V NNP 34457 1006 31 to to TO 34457 1006 32 pass pass VB 34457 1006 33 along along RP 34457 1006 34 the the DT 34457 1006 35 curve curve NN 34457 1006 36 BO BO NNP 34457 1006 37 ; ; : 34457 1006 38 liquid liquid NN 34457 1006 39 will will MD 34457 1006 40 pass pass VB 34457 1006 41 into into IN 34457 1006 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 1006 43 and and CC 34457 1006 44 the the DT 34457 1006 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 1006 46 will will MD 34457 1006 47 fall fall VB 34457 1006 48 . . . 34457 1007 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1007 2 113 113 CD 34457 1007 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1007 4 At at IN 34457 1007 5 O o NN 34457 1007 6 solid solid JJ 34457 1007 7 may may MD 34457 1007 8 appear appear VB 34457 1007 9 , , , 34457 1007 10 and and CC 34457 1007 11 the the DT 34457 1007 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1007 13 of of IN 34457 1007 14 the the DT 34457 1007 15 system system NN 34457 1007 16 will will MD 34457 1007 17 then then RB 34457 1007 18 remain remain VB 34457 1007 19 constant constant JJ 34457 1007 20 until until IN 34457 1007 21 the the DT 34457 1007 22 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1007 23 phase phase NN 34457 1007 24 has have VBZ 34457 1007 25 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1007 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1007 27 p. p. NN 34457 1007 28 57 57 CD 34457 1007 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1007 30 ; ; : 34457 1007 31 the the DT 34457 1007 32 system system NN 34457 1007 33 will will MD 34457 1007 34 then then RB 34457 1007 35 follow follow VB 34457 1007 36 the the DT 34457 1007 37 curve curve NN 34457 1007 38 OA oa NN 34457 1007 39 until until IN 34457 1007 40 the the DT 34457 1007 41 solid solid JJ 34457 1007 42 phase phase NN 34457 1007 43 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 1007 44 , , , 34457 1007 45 and and CC 34457 1007 46 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1007 47 are be VBP 34457 1007 48 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1007 49 left leave VBN 34457 1007 50 with with IN 34457 1007 51 vapour vapour NN 34457 1007 52 . . . 34457 1008 1 On on IN 34457 1008 2 the the DT 34457 1008 3 other other JJ 34457 1008 4 hand hand NN 34457 1008 5 , , , 34457 1008 6 diminution diminution NN 34457 1008 7 of of IN 34457 1008 8 volume volume NN 34457 1008 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1008 10 increase increase NN 34457 1008 11 of of IN 34457 1008 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1008 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1008 14 will will MD 34457 1008 15 cause cause VB 34457 1008 16 condensation condensation NN 34457 1008 17 of of IN 34457 1008 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1008 19 , , , 34457 1008 20 and and CC 34457 1008 21 the the DT 34457 1008 22 system system NN 34457 1008 23 S S NNP 34457 1008 24 - - HYPH 34457 1008 25 V V NNP 34457 1008 26 will will MD 34457 1008 27 pass pass VB 34457 1008 28 along along RP 34457 1008 29 the the DT 34457 1008 30 curve curve NN 34457 1008 31 AO AO NNP 34457 1008 32 to to IN 34457 1008 33 higher high JJR 34457 1008 34 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1008 35 and and CC 34457 1008 36 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1008 37 ; ; : 34457 1008 38 at at IN 34457 1008 39 O o UH 34457 1008 40 the the DT 34457 1008 41 solid solid JJ 34457 1008 42 will will MD 34457 1008 43 melt melt VB 34457 1008 44 , , , 34457 1008 45 and and CC 34457 1008 46 the the DT 34457 1008 47 system system NN 34457 1008 48 will will MD 34457 1008 49 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1008 50 pass pass VB 34457 1008 51 to to IN 34457 1008 52 the the DT 34457 1008 53 curve curve NN 34457 1008 54 OB ob NN 34457 1008 55 or or CC 34457 1008 56 to to IN 34457 1008 57 OC OC NNP 34457 1008 58 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1008 59 p. p. NN 34457 1008 60 57 57 CD 34457 1008 61 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1008 62 . . . 34457 1009 1 Addition addition NN 34457 1009 2 or or CC 34457 1009 3 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1009 4 of of IN 34457 1009 5 heat heat NN 34457 1009 6 at at IN 34457 1009 7 constant constant JJ 34457 1009 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1009 9 , , , 34457 1009 10 and and CC 34457 1009 11 increase increase NN 34457 1009 12 or or CC 34457 1009 13 diminution diminution NN 34457 1009 14 of of IN 34457 1009 15 the the DT 34457 1009 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1009 17 at at IN 34457 1009 18 constant constant JJ 34457 1009 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1009 20 , , , 34457 1009 21 will will MD 34457 1009 22 cause cause VB 34457 1009 23 the the DT 34457 1009 24 system system NN 34457 1009 25 to to TO 34457 1009 26 pass pass VB 34457 1009 27 along along RP 34457 1009 28 lines line NNS 34457 1009 29 parallel parallel JJ 34457 1009 30 to to IN 34457 1009 31 the the DT 34457 1009 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 1009 33 and and CC 34457 1009 34 the the DT 34457 1009 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 1009 36 axis axis RB 34457 1009 37 respectively respectively RB 34457 1009 38 ; ; : 34457 1009 39 the the DT 34457 1009 40 working work VBG 34457 1009 41 out out IN 34457 1009 42 of of IN 34457 1009 43 these these DT 34457 1009 44 changes change NNS 34457 1009 45 may may MD 34457 1009 46 be be VB 34457 1009 47 left leave VBN 34457 1009 48 to to IN 34457 1009 49 the the DT 34457 1009 50 reader reader NN 34457 1009 51 , , , 34457 1009 52 guided guide VBN 34457 1009 53 by by IN 34457 1009 54 what what WP 34457 1009 55 has have VBZ 34457 1009 56 been be VBN 34457 1009 57 said say VBN 34457 1009 58 on on IN 34457 1009 59 pp pp NNP 34457 1009 60 . . . 34457 1010 1 60 60 CD 34457 1010 2 and and CC 34457 1010 3 61 61 CD 34457 1010 4 . . . 34457 1011 1 The the DT 34457 1011 2 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1011 3 curve curve NN 34457 1011 4 of of IN 34457 1011 5 all all DT 34457 1011 6 substances substance NNS 34457 1011 7 , , , 34457 1011 8 so so RB 34457 1011 9 far far RB 34457 1011 10 as as IN 34457 1011 11 yet yet RB 34457 1011 12 found find VBN 34457 1011 13 , , , 34457 1011 14 has have VBZ 34457 1011 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1011 16 upper upper JJ 34457 1011 17 limit limit NN 34457 1011 18 at at IN 34457 1011 19 the the DT 34457 1011 20 melting melting NN 34457 1011 21 point point NN 34457 1011 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1011 23 triple triple JJ 34457 1011 24 point point NN 34457 1011 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1011 26 , , , 34457 1011 27 although although IN 34457 1011 28 the the DT 34457 1011 29 possibility possibility NN 34457 1011 30 of of IN 34457 1011 31 the the DT 34457 1011 32 existence existence NN 34457 1011 33 of of IN 34457 1011 34 a a DT 34457 1011 35 superheated superheate VBN 34457 1011 36 solid solid JJ 34457 1011 37 is be VBZ 34457 1011 38 not not RB 34457 1011 39 excluded exclude VBN 34457 1011 40 . . . 34457 1012 1 The the DT 34457 1012 2 lower low JJR 34457 1012 3 limit limit NN 34457 1012 4 is be VBZ 34457 1012 5 , , , 34457 1012 6 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 1012 7 at at IN 34457 1012 8 least least JJS 34457 1012 9 , , , 34457 1012 10 at at IN 34457 1012 11 the the DT 34457 1012 12 absolute absolute JJ 34457 1012 13 zero zero CD 34457 1012 14 , , , 34457 1012 15 provided provide VBD 34457 1012 16 no no DT 34457 1012 17 new new JJ 34457 1012 18 phase phase NN 34457 1012 19 , , , 34457 1012 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1012 21 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1012 22 _ _ NNP 34457 1012 23 a a DT 34457 1012 24 different different JJ 34457 1012 25 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1012 26 modification modification NN 34457 1012 27 , , , 34457 1012 28 is be VBZ 34457 1012 29 formed form VBN 34457 1012 30 . . . 34457 1013 1 If if IN 34457 1013 2 the the DT 34457 1013 3 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1013 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 1013 5 of of IN 34457 1013 6 a a DT 34457 1013 7 substance substance NN 34457 1013 8 is be VBZ 34457 1013 9 greater great JJR 34457 1013 10 than than IN 34457 1013 11 the the DT 34457 1013 12 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1013 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1013 14 at at IN 34457 1013 15 any any DT 34457 1013 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1013 17 below below IN 34457 1013 18 the the DT 34457 1013 19 point point NN 34457 1013 20 of of IN 34457 1013 21 fusion fusion NN 34457 1013 22 , , , 34457 1013 23 then then RB 34457 1013 24 the the DT 34457 1013 25 substance substance NN 34457 1013 26 will will MD 34457 1013 27 _ _ VB 34457 1013 28 sublime sublime NN 34457 1013 29 without without IN 34457 1013 30 melting melt VBG 34457 1013 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1013 32 when when WRB 34457 1013 33 heated heat VBN 34457 1013 34 in in IN 34457 1013 35 an an DT 34457 1013 36 open open JJ 34457 1013 37 vessel vessel NN 34457 1013 38 ; ; : 34457 1013 39 and and CC 34457 1013 40 fusion fusion NN 34457 1013 41 will will MD 34457 1013 42 be be VB 34457 1013 43 possible possible JJ 34457 1013 44 only only RB 34457 1013 45 at at IN 34457 1013 46 a a DT 34457 1013 47 pressure pressure NN 34457 1013 48 higher high JJR 34457 1013 49 than than IN 34457 1013 50 the the DT 34457 1013 51 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1013 52 . . . 34457 1014 1 This this DT 34457 1014 2 is be VBZ 34457 1014 3 found find VBN 34457 1014 4 , , , 34457 1014 5 for for IN 34457 1014 6 example example NN 34457 1014 7 , , , 34457 1014 8 in in IN 34457 1014 9 the the DT 34457 1014 10 case case NN 34457 1014 11 of of IN 34457 1014 12 red red JJ 34457 1014 13 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1014 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1014 15 p. p. NN 34457 1014 16 47 47 CD 34457 1014 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1014 18 . . . 34457 1015 1 If if IN 34457 1015 2 , , , 34457 1015 3 however however RB 34457 1015 4 , , , 34457 1015 5 the the DT 34457 1015 6 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1015 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1015 8 of of IN 34457 1015 9 a a DT 34457 1015 10 substance substance NN 34457 1015 11 at at IN 34457 1015 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1015 13 triple triple JJ 34457 1015 14 point point NN 34457 1015 15 S S NNP 34457 1015 16 - - HYPH 34457 1015 17 L L NNP 34457 1015 18 - - HYPH 34457 1015 19 V V NNP 34457 1015 20 is be VBZ 34457 1015 21 less less JJR 34457 1015 22 than than IN 34457 1015 23 one one CD 34457 1015 24 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 1015 25 , , , 34457 1015 26 then then RB 34457 1015 27 the the DT 34457 1015 28 substance substance NN 34457 1015 29 will will MD 34457 1015 30 melt melt VB 34457 1015 31 when when WRB 34457 1015 32 heated heat VBN 34457 1015 33 in in IN 34457 1015 34 an an DT 34457 1015 35 open open JJ 34457 1015 36 vessel vessel NN 34457 1015 37 . . . 34457 1016 1 In in IN 34457 1016 2 the the DT 34457 1016 3 case case NN 34457 1016 4 of of IN 34457 1016 5 the the DT 34457 1016 6 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 1016 7 curve curve NN 34457 1016 8 , , , 34457 1016 9 the the DT 34457 1016 10 upper upper JJ 34457 1016 11 limit limit NN 34457 1016 12 lies lie VBZ 34457 1016 13 at at IN 34457 1016 14 the the DT 34457 1016 15 critical critical JJ 34457 1016 16 point point NN 34457 1016 17 where where WRB 34457 1016 18 the the DT 34457 1016 19 liquid liquid NN 34457 1016 20 ceases cease VBZ 34457 1016 21 to to IN 34457 1016 22 exist;[114 exist;[114 LS 34457 1016 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1016 24 the the DT 34457 1016 25 { { -LRB- 34457 1016 26 66 66 CD 34457 1016 27 } } -RRB- 34457 1016 28 lower low JJR 34457 1016 29 limit limit NN 34457 1016 30 is be VBZ 34457 1016 31 determined determine VBN 34457 1016 32 by by IN 34457 1016 33 the the DT 34457 1016 34 range range NN 34457 1016 35 of of IN 34457 1016 36 the the DT 34457 1016 37 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1016 38 state state NN 34457 1016 39 of of IN 34457 1016 40 the the DT 34457 1016 41 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1016 42 liquid liquid NN 34457 1016 43 . . . 34457 1017 1 The the DT 34457 1017 2 interpolation interpolation NN 34457 1017 3 and and CC 34457 1017 4 extrapolation extrapolation NN 34457 1017 5 of of IN 34457 1017 6 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1017 7 - - HYPH 34457 1017 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1017 9 curves curve NNS 34457 1017 10 is be VBZ 34457 1017 11 rendered render VBN 34457 1017 12 very very RB 34457 1017 13 easy easy RB 34457 1017 14 by by IN 34457 1017 15 means mean NNS 34457 1017 16 of of IN 34457 1017 17 a a DT 34457 1017 18 relationship relationship NN 34457 1017 19 which which WDT 34457 1017 20 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 1017 21 and and CC 34457 1017 22 Young[115 Young[115 NNP 34457 1017 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1017 24 found find VBN 34457 1017 25 to to TO 34457 1017 26 exist exist VB 34457 1017 27 between between IN 34457 1017 28 the the DT 34457 1017 29 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1017 30 - - HYPH 34457 1017 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1017 32 curves curve NNS 34457 1017 33 of of IN 34457 1017 34 different different JJ 34457 1017 35 substances substance NNS 34457 1017 36 . . . 34457 1018 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1018 2 was be VBD 34457 1018 3 observed observe VBN 34457 1018 4 that that IN 34457 1018 5 in in IN 34457 1018 6 the the DT 34457 1018 7 case case NN 34457 1018 8 of of IN 34457 1018 9 closely closely RB 34457 1018 10 related relate VBN 34457 1018 11 substances substance NNS 34457 1018 12 , , , 34457 1018 13 the the DT 34457 1018 14 ratio ratio NN 34457 1018 15 of of IN 34457 1018 16 the the DT 34457 1018 17 absolute absolute JJ 34457 1018 18 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1018 19 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1018 20 to to TO 34457 1018 21 equal equal VB 34457 1018 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 1018 23 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1018 24 is be VBZ 34457 1018 25 constant constant JJ 34457 1018 26 , , , 34457 1018 27 _ _ NNP 34457 1018 28 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1018 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1018 30 T_{1}/T'_{1 T_{1}/T'_{1 NNP 34457 1018 31 } } -RRB- 34457 1018 32 = = SYM 34457 1018 33 T_{2}/T'_{2 t_{2}/t'_{2 ADD 34457 1018 34 } } -RRB- 34457 1018 35 . . . 34457 1019 1 When when WRB 34457 1019 2 the the DT 34457 1019 3 two two CD 34457 1019 4 substances substance NNS 34457 1019 5 are be VBP 34457 1019 6 not not RB 34457 1019 7 closely closely RB 34457 1019 8 related related JJ 34457 1019 9 , , , 34457 1019 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1019 11 was be VBD 34457 1019 12 found find VBN 34457 1019 13 that that IN 34457 1019 14 the the DT 34457 1019 15 relationship relationship NN 34457 1019 16 could could MD 34457 1019 17 be be VB 34457 1019 18 expressed express VBN 34457 1019 19 by by IN 34457 1019 20 the the DT 34457 1019 21 equation equation NN 34457 1019 22 T_{1}/T'_{1 t_{1}/t'_{1 NN 34457 1019 23 } } -RRB- 34457 1019 24 = = SYM 34457 1019 25 T_{2}/T'_{2 t_{2}/t'_{2 ADD 34457 1019 26 } } -RRB- 34457 1019 27 + + CC 34457 1019 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 29 c_(_t c_(_t NNP 34457 1019 30 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 31 ' ' '' 34457 1019 32 - - : 34457 1019 33 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 34 t t NNP 34457 1019 35 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1019 37 where where WRB 34457 1019 38 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 39 c c NNP 34457 1019 40 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 41 is be VBZ 34457 1019 42 a a DT 34457 1019 43 constant constant JJ 34457 1019 44 having have VBG 34457 1019 45 a a DT 34457 1019 46 small small JJ 34457 1019 47 positive positive JJ 34457 1019 48 or or CC 34457 1019 49 negative negative JJ 34457 1019 50 value value NN 34457 1019 51 , , , 34457 1019 52 and and CC 34457 1019 53 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 54 t t NNP 34457 1019 55 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 56 ' ' '' 34457 1019 57 and and CC 34457 1019 58 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 59 t t NNP 34457 1019 60 _ _ NNP 34457 1019 61 are be VBP 34457 1019 62 the the DT 34457 1019 63 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1019 64 at at IN 34457 1019 65 which which WDT 34457 1019 66 one one CD 34457 1019 67 of of IN 34457 1019 68 the the DT 34457 1019 69 substances substance NNS 34457 1019 70 has have VBZ 34457 1019 71 the the DT 34457 1019 72 two two CD 34457 1019 73 values value NNS 34457 1019 74 of of IN 34457 1019 75 the the DT 34457 1019 76 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1019 77 pressure pressure NN 34457 1019 78 in in IN 34457 1019 79 question question NN 34457 1019 80 . . . 34457 1020 1 By by IN 34457 1020 2 means mean NNS 34457 1020 3 of of IN 34457 1020 4 this this DT 34457 1020 5 equation equation NN 34457 1020 6 , , , 34457 1020 7 if if IN 34457 1020 8 the the DT 34457 1020 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1020 10 - - HYPH 34457 1020 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 1020 12 curve curve NN 34457 1020 13 of of IN 34457 1020 14 one one CD 34457 1020 15 substance substance NN 34457 1020 16 is be VBZ 34457 1020 17 known know VBN 34457 1020 18 , , , 34457 1020 19 the the DT 34457 1020 20 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1020 21 - - HYPH 34457 1020 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1020 23 curve curve NN 34457 1020 24 of of IN 34457 1020 25 any any DT 34457 1020 26 other other JJ 34457 1020 27 substance substance NN 34457 1020 28 can can MD 34457 1020 29 be be VB 34457 1020 30 calculated calculate VBN 34457 1020 31 from from IN 34457 1020 32 the the DT 34457 1020 33 values value NNS 34457 1020 34 at at IN 34457 1020 35 any any DT 34457 1020 36 two two CD 34457 1020 37 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1020 38 of of IN 34457 1020 39 the the DT 34457 1020 40 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1020 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 1020 42 of of IN 34457 1020 43 that that DT 34457 1020 44 substance substance NN 34457 1020 45 . . . 34457 1021 1 Fusion fusion NN 34457 1021 2 Curve Curve NNP 34457 1021 3 -- -- : 34457 1021 4 Transition transition NN 34457 1021 5 Curve.--The Curve.--The NNP 34457 1021 6 fusion fusion NN 34457 1021 7 curve curve NN 34457 1021 8 represents represent VBZ 34457 1021 9 the the DT 34457 1021 10 conditions condition NNS 34457 1021 11 of of IN 34457 1021 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1021 13 between between IN 34457 1021 14 the the DT 34457 1021 15 solid solid JJ 34457 1021 16 and and CC 34457 1021 17 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1021 18 phase phase NN 34457 1021 19 ; ; : 34457 1021 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1021 21 shows show VBZ 34457 1021 22 the the DT 34457 1021 23 change change NN 34457 1021 24 of of IN 34457 1021 25 the the DT 34457 1021 26 melting melting NN 34457 1021 27 point point NN 34457 1021 28 of of IN 34457 1021 29 a a DT 34457 1021 30 substance substance NN 34457 1021 31 with with IN 34457 1021 32 change change NN 34457 1021 33 of of IN 34457 1021 34 pressure pressure NN 34457 1021 35 . . . 34457 1022 1 As as IN 34457 1022 2 shown show VBN 34457 1022 3 in in IN 34457 1022 4 Figs Figs NNP 34457 1022 5 . . . 34457 1023 1 13 13 CD 34457 1023 2 and and CC 34457 1023 3 14 14 CD 34457 1023 4 , , , 34457 1023 5 the the DT 34457 1023 6 fusion fusion NN 34457 1023 7 curve curve NN 34457 1023 8 is be VBZ 34457 1023 9 inclined incline VBN 34457 1023 10 either either CC 34457 1023 11 towards towards IN 34457 1023 12 the the DT 34457 1023 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1023 14 axis axis JJ 34457 1023 15 or or CC 34457 1023 16 away away RB 34457 1023 17 from from IN 34457 1023 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1023 19 ; ; : 34457 1023 20 that that RB 34457 1023 21 is is RB 34457 1023 22 , , , 34457 1023 23 increase increase NN 34457 1023 24 of of IN 34457 1023 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 1023 26 can can MD 34457 1023 27 either either CC 34457 1023 28 lower lower VB 34457 1023 29 or or CC 34457 1023 30 raise raise VB 34457 1023 31 the the DT 34457 1023 32 melting melting NN 34457 1023 33 point point NN 34457 1023 34 . . . 34457 1024 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1024 2 is be VBZ 34457 1024 3 easy easy JJ 34457 1024 4 to to TO 34457 1024 5 predict predict VB 34457 1024 6 in in IN 34457 1024 7 a a DT 34457 1024 8 qualitative qualitative JJ 34457 1024 9 manner manner NN 34457 1024 10 the the DT 34457 1024 11 different different JJ 34457 1024 12 effect effect NN 34457 1024 13 of of IN 34457 1024 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1024 15 on on IN 34457 1024 16 the the DT 34457 1024 17 melting melting NN 34457 1024 18 point point NN 34457 1024 19 in in IN 34457 1024 20 the the DT 34457 1024 21 two two CD 34457 1024 22 cases case NNS 34457 1024 23 mentioned mention VBN 34457 1024 24 , , , 34457 1024 25 if if IN 34457 1024 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1024 27 consider consider VBP 34457 1024 28 the the DT 34457 1024 29 matter matter NN 34457 1024 30 in in IN 34457 1024 31 the the DT 34457 1024 32 light light NN 34457 1024 33 of of IN 34457 1024 34 the the DT 34457 1024 35 theorem theorem NN 34457 1024 36 of of IN 34457 1024 37 Le Le NNP 34457 1024 38 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1024 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1024 40 p. p. NN 34457 1024 41 58 58 CD 34457 1024 42 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1024 43 . . . 34457 1025 1 Water water NN 34457 1025 2 , , , 34457 1025 3 on on IN 34457 1025 4 passing pass VBG 34457 1025 5 into into IN 34457 1025 6 ice ice NN 34457 1025 7 , , , 34457 1025 8 expands expand VBZ 34457 1025 9 ; ; : 34457 1025 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 1025 11 , , , 34457 1025 12 if if IN 34457 1025 13 the the DT 34457 1025 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1025 15 on on IN 34457 1025 16 the the DT 34457 1025 17 system system NN 34457 1025 18 ice ice NN 34457 1025 19 -- -- : 34457 1025 20 water water NN 34457 1025 21 be be VB 34457 1025 22 increased increase VBN 34457 1025 23 , , , 34457 1025 24 a a DT 34457 1025 25 reaction reaction NN 34457 1025 26 will will MD 34457 1025 27 take take VB 34457 1025 28 place place NN 34457 1025 29 which which WDT 34457 1025 30 is be VBZ 34457 1025 31 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1025 32 by by IN 34457 1025 33 a a DT 34457 1025 34 diminution diminution NN 34457 1025 35 in in IN 34457 1025 36 volume volume NN 34457 1025 37 , , , 34457 1025 38 _ _ NNP 34457 1025 39 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1025 40 _ _ NNP 34457 1025 41 the the DT 34457 1025 42 ice ice NN 34457 1025 43 will will MD 34457 1025 44 melt melt VB 34457 1025 45 . . . 34457 1026 1 Consequently consequently RB 34457 1026 2 , , , 34457 1026 3 a a DT 34457 1026 4 lower low JJR 34457 1026 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 1026 6 will will MD 34457 1026 7 be be VB 34457 1026 8 required require VBN 34457 1026 9 in in IN 34457 1026 10 order order NN 34457 1026 11 to to TO 34457 1026 12 counteract counteract VB 34457 1026 13 the the DT 34457 1026 14 effect effect NN 34457 1026 15 of of IN 34457 1026 16 increase increase NN 34457 1026 17 of of IN 34457 1026 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 1026 19 ; ; : 34457 1026 20 or or CC 34457 1026 21 , , , 34457 1026 22 in in IN 34457 1026 23 other other JJ 34457 1026 24 words word NNS 34457 1026 25 , , , 34457 1026 26 the the DT 34457 1026 27 melting melting NN 34457 1026 28 point point NN 34457 1026 29 will will MD 34457 1026 30 { { -LRB- 34457 1026 31 67 67 CD 34457 1026 32 } } -RRB- 34457 1026 33 be be VB 34457 1026 34 lowered lower VBN 34457 1026 35 by by IN 34457 1026 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 1026 37 . . . 34457 1027 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1027 2 116 116 CD 34457 1027 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1027 4 In in IN 34457 1027 5 the the DT 34457 1027 6 second second JJ 34457 1027 7 case case NN 34457 1027 8 , , , 34457 1027 9 the the DT 34457 1027 10 passage passage NN 34457 1027 11 of of IN 34457 1027 12 the the DT 34457 1027 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 1027 14 to to IN 34457 1027 15 the the DT 34457 1027 16 solid solid JJ 34457 1027 17 state state NN 34457 1027 18 is be VBZ 34457 1027 19 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1027 20 by by IN 34457 1027 21 a a DT 34457 1027 22 diminution diminution NN 34457 1027 23 of of IN 34457 1027 24 volume volume NN 34457 1027 25 ; ; : 34457 1027 26 the the DT 34457 1027 27 effect effect NN 34457 1027 28 of of IN 34457 1027 29 increase increase NN 34457 1027 30 of of IN 34457 1027 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1027 32 will will MD 34457 1027 33 therefore therefore RB 34457 1027 34 be be VB 34457 1027 35 the the DT 34457 1027 36 reverse reverse NN 34457 1027 37 of of IN 34457 1027 38 that that DT 34457 1027 39 in in IN 34457 1027 40 the the DT 34457 1027 41 previous previous JJ 34457 1027 42 case case NN 34457 1027 43 . . . 34457 1028 1 If if IN 34457 1028 2 the the DT 34457 1028 3 value value NN 34457 1028 4 of of IN 34457 1028 5 the the DT 34457 1028 6 heat heat NN 34457 1028 7 of of IN 34457 1028 8 fusion fusion NN 34457 1028 9 and and CC 34457 1028 10 the the DT 34457 1028 11 alteration alteration NN 34457 1028 12 of of IN 34457 1028 13 volume volume NN 34457 1028 14 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 1028 15 the the DT 34457 1028 16 change change NN 34457 1028 17 of of IN 34457 1028 18 state state NN 34457 1028 19 are be VBP 34457 1028 20 known know VBN 34457 1028 21 , , , 34457 1028 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1028 23 is be VBZ 34457 1028 24 possible possible JJ 34457 1028 25 to to TO 34457 1028 26 calculate calculate VB 34457 1028 27 _ _ NNP 34457 1028 28 quantitatively quantitatively RB 34457 1028 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1028 30 the the DT 34457 1028 31 effect effect NN 34457 1028 32 of of IN 34457 1028 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 1028 34 . . . 34457 1029 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1029 2 117 117 CD 34457 1029 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1029 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1029 5 have have VBP 34457 1029 6 already already RB 34457 1029 7 seen see VBN 34457 1029 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1029 9 p. p. NN 34457 1029 10 25 25 CD 34457 1029 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1029 12 that that IN 34457 1029 13 the the DT 34457 1029 14 effect effect NN 34457 1029 15 of of IN 34457 1029 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1029 17 on on IN 34457 1029 18 the the DT 34457 1029 19 melting melting NN 34457 1029 20 point point NN 34457 1029 21 of of IN 34457 1029 22 a a DT 34457 1029 23 substance substance NN 34457 1029 24 was be VBD 34457 1029 25 predicted predict VBN 34457 1029 26 as as IN 34457 1029 27 the the DT 34457 1029 28 result result NN 34457 1029 29 of of IN 34457 1029 30 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 1029 31 considerations consideration NNS 34457 1029 32 , , , 34457 1029 33 and and CC 34457 1029 34 was be VBD 34457 1029 35 first first RB 34457 1029 36 proved prove VBN 34457 1029 37 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1029 38 in in IN 34457 1029 39 the the DT 34457 1029 40 case case NN 34457 1029 41 of of IN 34457 1029 42 ice ice NN 34457 1029 43 . . . 34457 1030 1 Soon soon RB 34457 1030 2 after after RB 34457 1030 3 , , , 34457 1030 4 Bunsen[118 bunsen[118 NN 34457 1030 5 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1030 6 showed show VBD 34457 1030 7 that that IN 34457 1030 8 the the DT 34457 1030 9 melting melting NN 34457 1030 10 point point NN 34457 1030 11 of of IN 34457 1030 12 other other JJ 34457 1030 13 substances substance NNS 34457 1030 14 is be VBZ 34457 1030 15 also also RB 34457 1030 16 affected affect VBN 34457 1030 17 by by IN 34457 1030 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 1030 19 ; ; : 34457 1030 20 and and CC 34457 1030 21 in in IN 34457 1030 22 more more JJR 34457 1030 23 recent recent JJ 34457 1030 24 years year NNS 34457 1030 25 , , , 34457 1030 26 ample ample JJ 34457 1030 27 experimental experimental JJ 34457 1030 28 proof proof NN 34457 1030 29 of of IN 34457 1030 30 the the DT 34457 1030 31 change change NN 34457 1030 32 of of IN 34457 1030 33 the the DT 34457 1030 34 melting melting NN 34457 1030 35 point point NN 34457 1030 36 with with IN 34457 1030 37 the the DT 34457 1030 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1030 39 has have VBZ 34457 1030 40 been be VBN 34457 1030 41 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1030 42 . . . 34457 1031 1 The the DT 34457 1031 2 change change NN 34457 1031 3 of of IN 34457 1031 4 the the DT 34457 1031 5 melting melting NN 34457 1031 6 point point NN 34457 1031 7 is be VBZ 34457 1031 8 , , , 34457 1031 9 however however RB 34457 1031 10 , , , 34457 1031 11 small small JJ 34457 1031 12 ; ; : 34457 1031 13 as as IN 34457 1031 14 a a DT 34457 1031 15 rule rule NN 34457 1031 16 , , , 34457 1031 17 increase increase NN 34457 1031 18 of of IN 34457 1031 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 1031 20 by by IN 34457 1031 21 1 1 CD 34457 1031 22 atm atm NN 34457 1031 23 . . . 34457 1032 1 changes change VBZ 34457 1032 2 the the DT 34457 1032 3 melting melting NN 34457 1032 4 point point NN 34457 1032 5 by by IN 34457 1032 6 about about IN 34457 1032 7 0.03 0.03â PRP 34457 1032 8 ° ° NNS 34457 1032 9 , , , 34457 1032 10 but but CC 34457 1032 11 in in IN 34457 1032 12 the the DT 34457 1032 13 case case NN 34457 1032 14 of of IN 34457 1032 15 water water NN 34457 1032 16 the the DT 34457 1032 17 change change NN 34457 1032 18 is be VBZ 34457 1032 19 much much RB 34457 1032 20 less less JJR 34457 1032 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1032 22 0.0076 0.0076â CD 34457 1032 23 ° ° NNS 34457 1032 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1032 25 , , , 34457 1032 26 and and CC 34457 1032 27 in in IN 34457 1032 28 the the DT 34457 1032 29 case case NN 34457 1032 30 of of IN 34457 1032 31 camphor camphor NNP 34457 1032 32 much much RB 34457 1032 33 more more JJR 34457 1032 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1032 35 0.13 0.13 NNP 34457 1032 36 ° ° NNS 34457 1032 37 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1032 38 . . . 34457 1033 1 In in IN 34457 1033 2 other other JJ 34457 1033 3 words word NNS 34457 1033 4 , , , 34457 1033 5 if if IN 34457 1033 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1033 7 take take VBP 34457 1033 8 the the DT 34457 1033 9 mean mean JJ 34457 1033 10 case case NN 34457 1033 11 , , , 34457 1033 12 an an DT 34457 1033 13 increase increase NN 34457 1033 14 of of IN 34457 1033 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1033 16 of of IN 34457 1033 17 more more JJR 34457 1033 18 than than IN 34457 1033 19 30 30 CD 34457 1033 20 atm atm NN 34457 1033 21 . . . 34457 1034 1 is be VBZ 34457 1034 2 required require VBN 34457 1034 3 to to TO 34457 1034 4 produce produce VB 34457 1034 5 a a DT 34457 1034 6 change change NN 34457 1034 7 in in IN 34457 1034 8 the the DT 34457 1034 9 melting melting NN 34457 1034 10 point point NN 34457 1034 11 of of IN 34457 1034 12 1 1â JJ 34457 1034 13 ° ° NNS 34457 1034 14 . . . 34457 1035 1 Investigations investigation NNS 34457 1035 2 which which WDT 34457 1035 3 were be VBD 34457 1035 4 made make VBN 34457 1035 5 of of IN 34457 1035 6 the the DT 34457 1035 7 influence influence NN 34457 1035 8 of of IN 34457 1035 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1035 10 on on IN 34457 1035 11 the the DT 34457 1035 12 melting melting NN 34457 1035 13 - - HYPH 34457 1035 14 point point NN 34457 1035 15 , , , 34457 1035 16 showed show VBD 34457 1035 17 that that IN 34457 1035 18 up up IN 34457 1035 19 to to IN 34457 1035 20 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1035 21 of of IN 34457 1035 22 several several JJ 34457 1035 23 hundred hundred CD 34457 1035 24 atmospheres atmosphere NNS 34457 1035 25 the the DT 34457 1035 26 fusion fusion NN 34457 1035 27 curve curve NN 34457 1035 28 is be VBZ 34457 1035 29 a a DT 34457 1035 30 straight straight JJ 34457 1035 31 line line NN 34457 1035 32 . . . 34457 1036 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1036 2 119 119 CD 34457 1036 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1036 4 Tammann[120 tammann[120 CD 34457 1036 5 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1036 6 has have VBZ 34457 1036 7 , , , 34457 1036 8 however however RB 34457 1036 9 , , , 34457 1036 10 found find VBD 34457 1036 11 that that IN 34457 1036 12 on on IN 34457 1036 13 increasing increase VBG 34457 1036 14 the the DT 34457 1036 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1036 16 the the DT 34457 1036 17 fusion fusion NN 34457 1036 18 curve curve NN 34457 1036 19 no no RB 34457 1036 20 longer long RBR 34457 1036 21 remains remain VBZ 34457 1036 22 straight straight JJ 34457 1036 23 , , , 34457 1036 24 but but CC 34457 1036 25 bends bend VBZ 34457 1036 26 towards towards IN 34457 1036 27 the the DT 34457 1036 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 1036 29 axis axis RB 34457 1036 30 , , , 34457 1036 31 so so IN 34457 1036 32 that that IN 34457 1036 33 , , , 34457 1036 34 on on IN 34457 1036 35 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 1036 36 increasing increase VBG 34457 1036 37 the the DT 34457 1036 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1036 39 , , , 34457 1036 40 a a DT 34457 1036 41 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1036 42 temperature temperature NN 34457 1036 43 might may MD 34457 1036 44 at at IN 34457 1036 45 length length NN 34457 1036 46 be be VB 34457 1036 47 reached reach VBN 34457 1036 48 . . . 34457 1037 1 This this DT 34457 1037 2 maximum maximum NN 34457 1037 3 has have VBZ 34457 1037 4 , , , 34457 1037 5 so so RB 34457 1037 6 far far RB 34457 1037 7 , , , 34457 1037 8 however however RB 34457 1037 9 , , , 34457 1037 10 not not RB 34457 1037 11 been be VBN 34457 1037 12 attained attain VBN 34457 1037 13 , , , 34457 1037 14 although although IN 34457 1037 15 the the DT 34457 1037 16 melting melting NN 34457 1037 17 point point NN 34457 1037 18 curves curve NNS 34457 1037 19 of of IN 34457 1037 20 various various JJ 34457 1037 21 substances substance NNS 34457 1037 22 have have VBP 34457 1037 23 been be VBN 34457 1037 24 studied study VBN 34457 1037 25 up up RP 34457 1037 26 to to IN 34457 1037 27 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1037 28 of of IN 34457 1037 29 4500 4500 CD 34457 1037 30 atm atm NN 34457 1037 31 . . . 34457 1038 1 This this DT 34457 1038 2 is be VBZ 34457 1038 3 to to TO 34457 1038 4 be be VB 34457 1038 5 accounted account VBN 34457 1038 6 for for IN 34457 1038 7 partly partly RB 34457 1038 8 { { -LRB- 34457 1038 9 68 68 CD 34457 1038 10 } } -RRB- 34457 1038 11 by by IN 34457 1038 12 the the DT 34457 1038 13 fact fact NN 34457 1038 14 that that IN 34457 1038 15 the the DT 34457 1038 16 probable probable JJ 34457 1038 17 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1038 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1038 19 in in IN 34457 1038 20 the the DT 34457 1038 21 case case NN 34457 1038 22 of of IN 34457 1038 23 most most JJS 34457 1038 24 substances substance NNS 34457 1038 25 lies lie VBZ 34457 1038 26 at at IN 34457 1038 27 very very RB 34457 1038 28 great great JJ 34457 1038 29 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1038 30 , , , 34457 1038 31 and and CC 34457 1038 32 also also RB 34457 1038 33 by by IN 34457 1038 34 the the DT 34457 1038 35 fact fact NN 34457 1038 36 that that IN 34457 1038 37 other other JJ 34457 1038 38 solid solid JJ 34457 1038 39 phases phase NNS 34457 1038 40 make make VBP 34457 1038 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1038 42 appearance appearance NN 34457 1038 43 , , , 34457 1038 44 as as IN 34457 1038 45 , , , 34457 1038 46 for for IN 34457 1038 47 example example NN 34457 1038 48 , , , 34457 1038 49 in in IN 34457 1038 50 the the DT 34457 1038 51 case case NN 34457 1038 52 of of IN 34457 1038 53 ice ice NN 34457 1038 54 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1038 55 p. p. NN 34457 1038 56 32 32 CD 34457 1038 57 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1038 58 . . . 34457 1039 1 As as IN 34457 1039 2 to to IN 34457 1039 3 the the DT 34457 1039 4 upper upper JJ 34457 1039 5 limit limit NN 34457 1039 6 of of IN 34457 1039 7 the the DT 34457 1039 8 fusion fusion NN 34457 1039 9 curve curve NN 34457 1039 10 , , , 34457 1039 11 the the DT 34457 1039 12 view view NN 34457 1039 13 has have VBZ 34457 1039 14 been be VBN 34457 1039 15 expressed[121 expressed[121 NNP 34457 1039 16 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1039 17 that that IN 34457 1039 18 just just RB 34457 1039 19 as as IN 34457 1039 20 in in IN 34457 1039 21 the the DT 34457 1039 22 case case NN 34457 1039 23 of of IN 34457 1039 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 1039 25 and and CC 34457 1039 26 vapour vapour NN 34457 1039 27 , , , 34457 1039 28 so so RB 34457 1039 29 also also RB 34457 1039 30 in in IN 34457 1039 31 the the DT 34457 1039 32 case case NN 34457 1039 33 of of IN 34457 1039 34 solid solid JJ 34457 1039 35 and and CC 34457 1039 36 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1039 37 , , , 34457 1039 38 there there EX 34457 1039 39 exists exist VBZ 34457 1039 40 a a DT 34457 1039 41 critical critical JJ 34457 1039 42 point point NN 34457 1039 43 at at IN 34457 1039 44 which which WDT 34457 1039 45 the the DT 34457 1039 46 solid solid JJ 34457 1039 47 and and CC 34457 1039 48 the the DT 34457 1039 49 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1039 50 phase phase NN 34457 1039 51 become become VBP 34457 1039 52 identical identical JJ 34457 1039 53 . . . 34457 1040 1 Experimental experimental JJ 34457 1040 2 evidence evidence NN 34457 1040 3 , , , 34457 1040 4 however however RB 34457 1040 5 , , , 34457 1040 6 does do VBZ 34457 1040 7 not not RB 34457 1040 8 appear appear VB 34457 1040 9 to to TO 34457 1040 10 favour favour VB 34457 1040 11 this this DT 34457 1040 12 view view NN 34457 1040 13 . . . 34457 1041 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1041 2 122 122 CD 34457 1041 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1041 4 The the DT 34457 1041 5 _ _ NNP 34457 1041 6 transition transition NN 34457 1041 7 point point NN 34457 1041 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1041 9 , , , 34457 1041 10 like like IN 34457 1041 11 the the DT 34457 1041 12 melting melting NN 34457 1041 13 point point NN 34457 1041 14 , , , 34457 1041 15 is be VBZ 34457 1041 16 also also RB 34457 1041 17 influenced influence VBN 34457 1041 18 by by IN 34457 1041 19 the the DT 34457 1041 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1041 21 , , , 34457 1041 22 and and CC 34457 1041 23 in in IN 34457 1041 24 this this DT 34457 1041 25 case case NN 34457 1041 26 also also RB 34457 1041 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1041 28 is be VBZ 34457 1041 29 found find VBN 34457 1041 30 that that IN 34457 1041 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1041 32 may may MD 34457 1041 33 either either CC 34457 1041 34 raise raise VB 34457 1041 35 or or CC 34457 1041 36 lower lower VB 34457 1041 37 the the DT 34457 1041 38 transition transition NN 34457 1041 39 point point NN 34457 1041 40 , , , 34457 1041 41 so so IN 34457 1041 42 that that IN 34457 1041 43 the the DT 34457 1041 44 transition transition NN 34457 1041 45 curve curve NN 34457 1041 46 may may MD 34457 1041 47 be be VB 34457 1041 48 inclined incline VBN 34457 1041 49 either either CC 34457 1041 50 away away RB 34457 1041 51 from from IN 34457 1041 52 or or CC 34457 1041 53 towards towards IN 34457 1041 54 the the DT 34457 1041 55 pressure pressure NN 34457 1041 56 axis axis RB 34457 1041 57 . . . 34457 1042 1 The the DT 34457 1042 2 direction direction NN 34457 1042 3 of of IN 34457 1042 4 the the DT 34457 1042 5 transition transition NN 34457 1042 6 curve curve NN 34457 1042 7 can can MD 34457 1042 8 also also RB 34457 1042 9 be be VB 34457 1042 10 predicted predict VBN 34457 1042 11 if if IN 34457 1042 12 the the DT 34457 1042 13 change change NN 34457 1042 14 of of IN 34457 1042 15 volume volume NN 34457 1042 16 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 1042 17 the the DT 34457 1042 18 passage passage NN 34457 1042 19 of of IN 34457 1042 20 one one CD 34457 1042 21 form form NN 34457 1042 22 into into IN 34457 1042 23 the the DT 34457 1042 24 other other JJ 34457 1042 25 is be VBZ 34457 1042 26 known know VBN 34457 1042 27 . . . 34457 1043 1 In in IN 34457 1043 2 the the DT 34457 1043 3 case case NN 34457 1043 4 of of IN 34457 1043 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1043 6 , , , 34457 1043 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1043 8 saw see VBD 34457 1043 9 that that IN 34457 1043 10 the the DT 34457 1043 11 transition transition NN 34457 1043 12 point point NN 34457 1043 13 is be VBZ 34457 1043 14 raised raise VBN 34457 1043 15 by by IN 34457 1043 16 increase increase NN 34457 1043 17 of of IN 34457 1043 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 1043 19 ; ; : 34457 1043 20 in in IN 34457 1043 21 the the DT 34457 1043 22 case case NN 34457 1043 23 of of IN 34457 1043 24 the the DT 34457 1043 25 transition transition NN 34457 1043 26 of of IN 34457 1043 27 rhombohedral rhombohedral JJ 34457 1043 28 into into IN 34457 1043 29 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1043 30 alpha]-rhombic alpha]-rhombic NN 34457 1043 31 form form NN 34457 1043 32 of of IN 34457 1043 33 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1043 34 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1043 35 , , , 34457 1043 36 however however RB 34457 1043 37 , , , 34457 1043 38 the the DT 34457 1043 39 transition transition NN 34457 1043 40 point point NN 34457 1043 41 is be VBZ 34457 1043 42 lowered lower VBN 34457 1043 43 by by IN 34457 1043 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 1043 45 , , , 34457 1043 46 as as IN 34457 1043 47 shown show VBN 34457 1043 48 by by IN 34457 1043 49 the the DT 34457 1043 50 following follow VBG 34457 1043 51 table table NN 34457 1043 52 . . . 34457 1044 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1044 2 123 123 CD 34457 1044 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1044 4 -------------+---------- -------------+---------- SYM 34457 1044 5 | | NN 34457 1044 6 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1044 7 . . . 34457 1045 1 | | NNP 34457 1045 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1045 3 . . . 34457 1046 1 -------------+---------- -------------+---------- : 34457 1046 2 | | NNP 34457 1046 3 85.85 85.85â CD 34457 1046 4 ° ° , 34457 1046 5 | | CD 34457 1046 6 1 1 CD 34457 1046 7 atm atm NN 34457 1046 8 . . . 34457 1047 1 84.38 84.38â CD 34457 1047 2 ° ° , 34457 1047 3 | | NNP 34457 1047 4 100 100 CD 34457 1047 5 " " `` 34457 1047 6 83.03 83.03â CD 34457 1047 7 ° ° , 34457 1047 8 | | CD 34457 1047 9 200 200 CD 34457 1047 10 " " `` 34457 1047 11 82.29 82.29â CD 34457 1047 12 ° ° , 34457 1047 13 | | CD 34457 1047 14 250 250 CD 34457 1047 15 " " '' 34457 1047 16 -------------+---------- -------------+---------- : 34457 1047 17 So so RB 34457 1047 18 far far RB 34457 1047 19 as as IN 34457 1047 20 investigations investigation NNS 34457 1047 21 have have VBP 34457 1047 22 been be VBN 34457 1047 23 carried carry VBN 34457 1047 24 out out RP 34457 1047 25 , , , 34457 1047 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1047 27 appears appear VBZ 34457 1047 28 that that IN 34457 1047 29 in in IN 34457 1047 30 most most JJS 34457 1047 31 cases case NNS 34457 1047 32 the the DT 34457 1047 33 transition transition NN 34457 1047 34 curve curve NN 34457 1047 35 is be VBZ 34457 1047 36 practically practically RB 34457 1047 37 a a DT 34457 1047 38 straight straight JJ 34457 1047 39 line line NN 34457 1047 40 . . . 34457 1048 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1048 2 has have VBZ 34457 1048 3 , , , 34457 1048 4 however however RB 34457 1048 5 , , , 34457 1048 6 been be VBN 34457 1048 7 found find VBN 34457 1048 8 in in IN 34457 1048 9 the the DT 34457 1048 10 case case NN 34457 1048 11 of of IN 34457 1048 12 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 1048 13 's 's POS 34457 1048 14 salt salt NN 34457 1048 15 , , , 34457 1048 16 that that IN 34457 1048 17 with with IN 34457 1048 18 increase increase NN 34457 1048 19 of of IN 34457 1048 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1048 21 the the DT 34457 1048 22 transition transition NN 34457 1048 23 curve curve NN 34457 1048 24 passes pass VBZ 34457 1048 25 through through IN 34457 1048 26 a a DT 34457 1048 27 point point NN 34457 1048 28 of of IN 34457 1048 29 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1048 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 1048 31 , , , 34457 1048 32 and and CC 34457 1048 33 exhibits exhibit NNS 34457 1048 34 , , , 34457 1048 35 therefore therefore RB 34457 1048 36 , , , 34457 1048 37 a a DT 34457 1048 38 form form NN 34457 1048 39 similar similar JJ 34457 1048 40 to to IN 34457 1048 41 that that DT 34457 1048 42 assumed assume VBN 34457 1048 43 by by IN 34457 1048 44 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 1048 45 for for IN 34457 1048 46 the the DT 34457 1048 47 fusion fusion NN 34457 1048 48 curve curve NN 34457 1048 49 . . . 34457 1049 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1049 2 124 124 CD 34457 1049 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1049 4 { { -LRB- 34457 1049 5 69 69 CD 34457 1049 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1049 7 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 1049 8 Transformation Transformation NNP 34457 1049 9 . . . 34457 1050 1 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 1050 2 Equilibria.--Hitherto Equilibria.--Hitherto NNP 34457 1050 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1050 4 have have VBP 34457 1050 5 considered consider VBN 34457 1050 6 only only RB 34457 1050 7 systems system NNS 34457 1050 8 in in IN 34457 1050 9 stable stable JJ 34457 1050 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1050 11 . . . 34457 1051 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1051 2 have have VBP 34457 1051 3 , , , 34457 1051 4 however however RB 34457 1051 5 , , , 34457 1051 6 already already RB 34457 1051 7 seen see VBN 34457 1051 8 , , , 34457 1051 9 in in IN 34457 1051 10 the the DT 34457 1051 11 case case NN 34457 1051 12 of of IN 34457 1051 13 water water NN 34457 1051 14 , , , 34457 1051 15 that that IN 34457 1051 16 on on IN 34457 1051 17 cooling cool VBG 34457 1051 18 the the DT 34457 1051 19 liquid liquid NN 34457 1051 20 down down RP 34457 1051 21 to to IN 34457 1051 22 the the DT 34457 1051 23 triple triple JJ 34457 1051 24 point point NN 34457 1051 25 , , , 34457 1051 26 solidification solidification NN 34457 1051 27 did do VBD 34457 1051 28 not not RB 34457 1051 29 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1051 30 take take VB 34457 1051 31 place place NN 34457 1051 32 , , , 34457 1051 33 although although IN 34457 1051 34 the the DT 34457 1051 35 conditions condition NNS 34457 1051 36 were be VBD 34457 1051 37 such such JJ 34457 1051 38 as as IN 34457 1051 39 to to TO 34457 1051 40 allow allow VB 34457 1051 41 of of IN 34457 1051 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1051 43 formation formation NN 34457 1051 44 . . . 34457 1052 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 1052 2 , , , 34457 1052 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1052 4 saw see VBD 34457 1052 5 that that IN 34457 1052 6 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 1052 7 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1052 8 can can MD 34457 1052 9 be be VB 34457 1052 10 heated heat VBN 34457 1052 11 above above IN 34457 1052 12 the the DT 34457 1052 13 transition transition NN 34457 1052 14 point point NN 34457 1052 15 , , , 34457 1052 16 and and CC 34457 1052 17 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 1052 18 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 1052 19 can can MD 34457 1052 20 be be VB 34457 1052 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1052 22 at at IN 34457 1052 23 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1052 24 below below IN 34457 1052 25 the the DT 34457 1052 26 transition transition NN 34457 1052 27 point point NN 34457 1052 28 , , , 34457 1052 29 although although IN 34457 1052 30 in in IN 34457 1052 31 both both DT 34457 1052 32 cases case NNS 34457 1052 33 transformation transformation NN 34457 1052 34 into into IN 34457 1052 35 a a DT 34457 1052 36 more more RBR 34457 1052 37 stable stable JJ 34457 1052 38 form form NN 34457 1052 39 is be VBZ 34457 1052 40 possible possible JJ 34457 1052 41 ; ; : 34457 1052 42 the the DT 34457 1052 43 system system NN 34457 1052 44 becomes become VBZ 34457 1052 45 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1052 46 . . . 34457 1053 1 The the DT 34457 1053 2 same same JJ 34457 1053 3 reluctance reluctance NN 34457 1053 4 to to TO 34457 1053 5 form form VB 34457 1053 6 a a DT 34457 1053 7 new new JJ 34457 1053 8 phase phase NN 34457 1053 9 is be VBZ 34457 1053 10 observed observe VBN 34457 1053 11 also also RB 34457 1053 12 in in IN 34457 1053 13 the the DT 34457 1053 14 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1053 15 of of IN 34457 1053 16 superheating superheating NN 34457 1053 17 of of IN 34457 1053 18 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1053 19 , , , 34457 1053 20 and and CC 34457 1053 21 in in IN 34457 1053 22 the the DT 34457 1053 23 " " `` 34457 1053 24 hanging hanging NN 34457 1053 25 " " '' 34457 1053 26 of of IN 34457 1053 27 mercury mercury NN 34457 1053 28 in in IN 34457 1053 29 barometers barometer NNS 34457 1053 30 , , , 34457 1053 31 in in IN 34457 1053 32 which which WDT 34457 1053 33 case case NN 34457 1053 34 the the DT 34457 1053 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 1053 36 phase phase NN 34457 1053 37 is be VBZ 34457 1053 38 not not RB 34457 1053 39 formed form VBN 34457 1053 40 . . . 34457 1054 1 In in IN 34457 1054 2 general general JJ 34457 1054 3 , , , 34457 1054 4 then then RB 34457 1054 5 , , , 34457 1054 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1054 7 may may MD 34457 1054 8 say say VB 34457 1054 9 that that IN 34457 1054 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1054 11 a a DT 34457 1054 12 new new JJ 34457 1054 13 phase phase NN 34457 1054 14 will will MD 34457 1054 15 not not RB 34457 1054 16 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1054 17 be be VB 34457 1054 18 formed form VBN 34457 1054 19 immediately immediately RB 34457 1054 20 the the DT 34457 1054 21 system system NN 34457 1054 22 passes pass VBZ 34457 1054 23 into into IN 34457 1054 24 such such PDT 34457 1054 25 a a DT 34457 1054 26 condition condition NN 34457 1054 27 that that IN 34457 1054 28 the the DT 34457 1054 29 existence existence NN 34457 1054 30 of of IN 34457 1054 31 that that DT 34457 1054 32 phase phase NN 34457 1054 33 is be VBZ 34457 1054 34 possible possible JJ 34457 1054 35 _ _ NN 34457 1054 36 ; ; : 34457 1054 37 but but CC 34457 1054 38 rather rather RB 34457 1054 39 , , , 34457 1054 40 instead instead RB 34457 1054 41 of of IN 34457 1054 42 the the DT 34457 1054 43 system system NN 34457 1054 44 undergoing undergoing JJ 34457 1054 45 transformation transformation NN 34457 1054 46 so so IN 34457 1054 47 as as IN 34457 1054 48 to to TO 34457 1054 49 pass pass VB 34457 1054 50 into into IN 34457 1054 51 the the DT 34457 1054 52 most most RBS 34457 1054 53 stable stable JJ 34457 1054 54 condition condition NN 34457 1054 55 under under IN 34457 1054 56 the the DT 34457 1054 57 existing exist VBG 34457 1054 58 pressure pressure NN 34457 1054 59 and and CC 34457 1054 60 temperature temperature NN 34457 1054 61 , , , 34457 1054 62 this this DT 34457 1054 63 transformation transformation NN 34457 1054 64 will will MD 34457 1054 65 be be VB 34457 1054 66 " " `` 34457 1054 67 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1054 68 " " '' 34457 1054 69 or or CC 34457 1054 70 delayed delay VBN 34457 1054 71 , , , 34457 1054 72 and and CC 34457 1054 73 the the DT 34457 1054 74 system system NN 34457 1054 75 will will MD 34457 1054 76 become become VB 34457 1054 77 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1054 78 . . . 34457 1055 1 Only only RB 34457 1055 2 in in IN 34457 1055 3 the the DT 34457 1055 4 case case NN 34457 1055 5 of of IN 34457 1055 6 the the DT 34457 1055 7 formation formation NN 34457 1055 8 of of IN 34457 1055 9 the the DT 34457 1055 10 liquid liquid NN 34457 1055 11 from from IN 34457 1055 12 the the DT 34457 1055 13 solid solid JJ 34457 1055 14 phase phase NN 34457 1055 15 , , , 34457 1055 16 in in IN 34457 1055 17 a a DT 34457 1055 18 one one CD 34457 1055 19 - - HYPH 34457 1055 20 component component NN 34457 1055 21 system system NN 34457 1055 22 , , , 34457 1055 23 has have VBZ 34457 1055 24 this this DT 34457 1055 25 reluctance reluctance NN 34457 1055 26 to to TO 34457 1055 27 form form VB 34457 1055 28 a a DT 34457 1055 29 new new JJ 34457 1055 30 phase phase NN 34457 1055 31 not not RB 34457 1055 32 been be VBN 34457 1055 33 observed observe VBN 34457 1055 34 . . . 34457 1056 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1056 2 To to TO 34457 1056 3 ensure ensure VB 34457 1056 4 the the DT 34457 1056 5 formation formation NN 34457 1056 6 of of IN 34457 1056 7 the the DT 34457 1056 8 new new JJ 34457 1056 9 phase phase NN 34457 1056 10 , , , 34457 1056 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1056 12 is be VBZ 34457 1056 13 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1056 14 to to TO 34457 1056 15 have have VB 34457 1056 16 that that DT 34457 1056 17 phase phase NN 34457 1056 18 present present JJ 34457 1056 19 . . . 34457 1056 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1056 21 The the DT 34457 1056 22 presence presence NN 34457 1056 23 of of IN 34457 1056 24 the the DT 34457 1056 25 solid solid JJ 34457 1056 26 phase phase NN 34457 1056 27 will will MD 34457 1056 28 prevent prevent VB 34457 1056 29 the the DT 34457 1056 30 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 1056 31 of of IN 34457 1056 32 the the DT 34457 1056 33 liquid liquid NN 34457 1056 34 ; ; : 34457 1056 35 and and CC 34457 1056 36 the the DT 34457 1056 37 presence presence NN 34457 1056 38 of of IN 34457 1056 39 the the DT 34457 1056 40 vapour vapour NNP 34457 1056 41 phase phase NN 34457 1056 42 will will MD 34457 1056 43 prevent prevent VB 34457 1056 44 the the DT 34457 1056 45 superheating superheating NN 34457 1056 46 of of IN 34457 1056 47 the the DT 34457 1056 48 liquid liquid NN 34457 1056 49 . . . 34457 1057 1 However however RB 34457 1057 2 , , , 34457 1057 3 even even RB 34457 1057 4 in in IN 34457 1057 5 the the DT 34457 1057 6 presence presence NN 34457 1057 7 of of IN 34457 1057 8 the the DT 34457 1057 9 more more RBR 34457 1057 10 stable stable JJ 34457 1057 11 phase phase NN 34457 1057 12 , , , 34457 1057 13 transformation transformation NN 34457 1057 14 of of IN 34457 1057 15 the the DT 34457 1057 16 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1057 17 phase phase NN 34457 1057 18 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1057 19 with with IN 34457 1057 20 very very JJ 34457 1057 21 varying varying NN 34457 1057 22 velocity velocity NN 34457 1057 23 ; ; : 34457 1057 24 in in IN 34457 1057 25 some some DT 34457 1057 26 cases case NNS 34457 1057 27 so so RB 34457 1057 28 quickly quickly RB 34457 1057 29 as as IN 34457 1057 30 to to TO 34457 1057 31 appear appear VB 34457 1057 32 almost almost RB 34457 1057 33 instantaneous instantaneous JJ 34457 1057 34 ; ; : 34457 1057 35 while while IN 34457 1057 36 in in IN 34457 1057 37 other other JJ 34457 1057 38 cases case NNS 34457 1057 39 , , , 34457 1057 40 the the DT 34457 1057 41 change change NN 34457 1057 42 takes take VBZ 34457 1057 43 place place NN 34457 1057 44 so so RB 34457 1057 45 slowly slowly RB 34457 1057 46 as as IN 34457 1057 47 to to TO 34457 1057 48 require require VB 34457 1057 49 hundreds hundred NNS 34457 1057 50 of of IN 34457 1057 51 years year NNS 34457 1057 52 for for IN 34457 1057 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1057 54 achievement achievement NN 34457 1057 55 . . . 34457 1058 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1058 2 is be VBZ 34457 1058 3 this this DT 34457 1058 4 slow slow JJ 34457 1058 5 rate rate NN 34457 1058 6 of of IN 34457 1058 7 transformation transformation NN 34457 1058 8 that that WDT 34457 1058 9 renders render VBZ 34457 1058 10 the the DT 34457 1058 11 existence existence NN 34457 1058 12 of of IN 34457 1058 13 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1058 14 forms form NNS 34457 1058 15 possible possible JJ 34457 1058 16 , , , 34457 1058 17 when when WRB 34457 1058 18 in in IN 34457 1058 19 contact contact NN 34457 1058 20 with with IN 34457 1058 21 the the DT 34457 1058 22 more more RBR 34457 1058 23 stable stable JJ 34457 1058 24 phase phase NN 34457 1058 25 . . . 34457 1059 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1059 2 , , , 34457 1059 3 for for IN 34457 1059 4 example example NN 34457 1059 5 , , , 34457 1059 6 although although IN 34457 1059 7 calcite calcite NN 34457 1059 8 is be VBZ 34457 1059 9 the the DT 34457 1059 10 most most RBS 34457 1059 11 stable stable JJ 34457 1059 12 form form NN 34457 1059 13 of of IN 34457 1059 14 calcium calcium NN 34457 1059 15 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1059 16 at at IN 34457 1059 17 the the DT 34457 1059 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1059 19 temperature,[125 temperature,[125 NN 34457 1059 20 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1059 21 the the DT 34457 1059 22 less less RBR 34457 1059 23 stable stable JJ 34457 1059 24 { { -LRB- 34457 1059 25 70 70 CD 34457 1059 26 } } -RRB- 34457 1059 27 modification modification NN 34457 1059 28 , , , 34457 1059 29 aragonite aragonite JJ 34457 1059 30 , , , 34457 1059 31 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1059 32 exists exist VBZ 34457 1059 33 under under IN 34457 1059 34 the the DT 34457 1059 35 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1059 36 conditions condition NNS 34457 1059 37 in in IN 34457 1059 38 an an DT 34457 1059 39 apparently apparently RB 34457 1059 40 very very RB 34457 1059 41 stable stable JJ 34457 1059 42 state state NN 34457 1059 43 . . . 34457 1060 1 As as IN 34457 1060 2 to to IN 34457 1060 3 the the DT 34457 1060 4 amount amount NN 34457 1060 5 of of IN 34457 1060 6 the the DT 34457 1060 7 new new JJ 34457 1060 8 phase phase NN 34457 1060 9 required require VBN 34457 1060 10 to to TO 34457 1060 11 bring bring VB 34457 1060 12 about about RP 34457 1060 13 the the DT 34457 1060 14 transformation transformation NN 34457 1060 15 of of IN 34457 1060 16 the the DT 34457 1060 17 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1060 18 phase phase NN 34457 1060 19 , , , 34457 1060 20 quantitative quantitative JJ 34457 1060 21 measurements measurement NNS 34457 1060 22 have have VBP 34457 1060 23 been be VBN 34457 1060 24 carried carry VBN 34457 1060 25 out out RP 34457 1060 26 only only RB 34457 1060 27 in in IN 34457 1060 28 the the DT 34457 1060 29 case case NN 34457 1060 30 of of IN 34457 1060 31 the the DT 34457 1060 32 initiation initiation NN 34457 1060 33 of of IN 34457 1060 34 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1060 35 in in IN 34457 1060 36 a a DT 34457 1060 37 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1060 38 liquid liquid NN 34457 1060 39 . . . 34457 1061 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1061 2 126 126 CD 34457 1061 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1061 4 As as IN 34457 1061 5 the the DT 34457 1061 6 result result NN 34457 1061 7 of of IN 34457 1061 8 these these DT 34457 1061 9 investigations investigation NNS 34457 1061 10 , , , 34457 1061 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1061 12 was be VBD 34457 1061 13 found find VBN 34457 1061 14 that that IN 34457 1061 15 , , , 34457 1061 16 in in IN 34457 1061 17 the the DT 34457 1061 18 case case NN 34457 1061 19 of of IN 34457 1061 20 superfused superfused JJ 34457 1061 21 salol salol NN 34457 1061 22 , , , 34457 1061 23 the the DT 34457 1061 24 very very RB 34457 1061 25 small small JJ 34457 1061 26 amount amount NN 34457 1061 27 of of IN 34457 1061 28 1 1 CD 34457 1061 29 à à NNP 34457 1061 30 � � NNP 34457 1061 31 10^{-7 10^{-7 NNP 34457 1061 32 } } -RRB- 34457 1061 33 gm gm NNP 34457 1061 34 . . . 34457 1062 1 of of IN 34457 1062 2 the the DT 34457 1062 3 solid solid JJ 34457 1062 4 phase phase NN 34457 1062 5 was be VBD 34457 1062 6 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 1062 7 to to TO 34457 1062 8 induce induce VB 34457 1062 9 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1062 10 . . . 34457 1063 1 Crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1063 2 of of IN 34457 1063 3 a a DT 34457 1063 4 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1063 5 liquid liquid NN 34457 1063 6 , , , 34457 1063 7 however however RB 34457 1063 8 , , , 34457 1063 9 can can MD 34457 1063 10 be be VB 34457 1063 11 initiated initiate VBN 34457 1063 12 only only RB 34457 1063 13 by by IN 34457 1063 14 a a DT 34457 1063 15 " " `` 34457 1063 16 nucleus nucleus NN 34457 1063 17 " " '' 34457 1063 18 of of IN 34457 1063 19 the the DT 34457 1063 20 same same JJ 34457 1063 21 substance substance NN 34457 1063 22 in in IN 34457 1063 23 the the DT 34457 1063 24 solid solid JJ 34457 1063 25 state state NN 34457 1063 26 , , , 34457 1063 27 or or CC 34457 1063 28 , , , 34457 1063 29 as as IN 34457 1063 30 has have VBZ 34457 1063 31 also also RB 34457 1063 32 been be VBN 34457 1063 33 found find VBN 34457 1063 34 , , , 34457 1063 35 by by IN 34457 1063 36 a a DT 34457 1063 37 nucleus nucleus NN 34457 1063 38 of of IN 34457 1063 39 an an DT 34457 1063 40 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 1063 41 solid solid JJ 34457 1063 42 phase phase NN 34457 1063 43 ; ; : 34457 1063 44 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1063 45 is be VBZ 34457 1063 46 not not RB 34457 1063 47 brought bring VBN 34457 1063 48 about about RP 34457 1063 49 by by IN 34457 1063 50 the the DT 34457 1063 51 presence presence NN 34457 1063 52 of of IN 34457 1063 53 any any DT 34457 1063 54 chance chance NN 34457 1063 55 solid solid JJ 34457 1063 56 . . . 34457 1064 1 Velocity velocity NN 34457 1064 2 of of IN 34457 1064 3 Transformation.--Attention transformation.--attention CD 34457 1064 4 has have VBZ 34457 1064 5 already already RB 34457 1064 6 been be VBN 34457 1064 7 drawn draw VBN 34457 1064 8 to to IN 34457 1064 9 the the DT 34457 1064 10 sluggishness sluggishness NN 34457 1064 11 with with IN 34457 1064 12 which which WDT 34457 1064 13 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 1064 14 transformation transformation NN 34457 1064 15 of of IN 34457 1064 16 the the DT 34457 1064 17 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 1064 18 forms form NNS 34457 1064 19 of of IN 34457 1064 20 a a DT 34457 1064 21 substance substance NN 34457 1064 22 may may MD 34457 1064 23 occur occur VB 34457 1064 24 . . . 34457 1065 1 In in IN 34457 1065 2 the the DT 34457 1065 3 case case NN 34457 1065 4 of of IN 34457 1065 5 tin tin NN 34457 1065 6 , , , 34457 1065 7 for for IN 34457 1065 8 example example NN 34457 1065 9 , , , 34457 1065 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1065 11 was be VBD 34457 1065 12 found find VBN 34457 1065 13 that that IN 34457 1065 14 the the DT 34457 1065 15 white white JJ 34457 1065 16 modification modification NN 34457 1065 17 , , , 34457 1065 18 although although IN 34457 1065 19 apparently apparently RB 34457 1065 20 possessing possess VBG 34457 1065 21 permanence permanence NN 34457 1065 22 , , , 34457 1065 23 is be VBZ 34457 1065 24 in in IN 34457 1065 25 reality reality NN 34457 1065 26 in in IN 34457 1065 27 a a DT 34457 1065 28 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1065 29 state state NN 34457 1065 30 , , , 34457 1065 31 under under IN 34457 1065 32 the the DT 34457 1065 33 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1065 34 conditions condition NNS 34457 1065 35 of of IN 34457 1065 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 1065 37 and and CC 34457 1065 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1065 39 . . . 34457 1066 1 This this DT 34457 1066 2 great great JJ 34457 1066 3 degree degree NN 34457 1066 4 of of IN 34457 1066 5 stability stability NN 34457 1066 6 is be VBZ 34457 1066 7 due due JJ 34457 1066 8 to to IN 34457 1066 9 the the DT 34457 1066 10 tardiness tardiness NN 34457 1066 11 with with IN 34457 1066 12 which which WDT 34457 1066 13 transformation transformation NN 34457 1066 14 into into IN 34457 1066 15 the the DT 34457 1066 16 grey grey NN 34457 1066 17 form form NN 34457 1066 18 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1066 19 . . . 34457 1067 1 What what WP 34457 1067 2 was be VBD 34457 1067 3 found find VBN 34457 1067 4 in in IN 34457 1067 5 the the DT 34457 1067 6 case case NN 34457 1067 7 of of IN 34457 1067 8 tin tin NN 34457 1067 9 , , , 34457 1067 10 is be VBZ 34457 1067 11 met meet VBN 34457 1067 12 with with IN 34457 1067 13 also also RB 34457 1067 14 in in IN 34457 1067 15 the the DT 34457 1067 16 case case NN 34457 1067 17 of of IN 34457 1067 18 all all DT 34457 1067 19 transformations transformation NNS 34457 1067 20 in in IN 34457 1067 21 the the DT 34457 1067 22 solid solid JJ 34457 1067 23 state state NN 34457 1067 24 , , , 34457 1067 25 but but CC 34457 1067 26 the the DT 34457 1067 27 velocity velocity NN 34457 1067 28 of of IN 34457 1067 29 the the DT 34457 1067 30 change change NN 34457 1067 31 is be VBZ 34457 1067 32 less less JJR 34457 1067 33 in in IN 34457 1067 34 some some DT 34457 1067 35 cases case NNS 34457 1067 36 than than IN 34457 1067 37 in in IN 34457 1067 38 others other NNS 34457 1067 39 , , , 34457 1067 40 and and CC 34457 1067 41 appears appear VBZ 34457 1067 42 to to TO 34457 1067 43 decrease decrease VB 34457 1067 44 with with IN 34457 1067 45 increase increase NN 34457 1067 46 of of IN 34457 1067 47 the the DT 34457 1067 48 valency valency NN 34457 1067 49 of of IN 34457 1067 50 the the DT 34457 1067 51 element element NN 34457 1067 52 . . . 34457 1068 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1068 2 127 127 CD 34457 1068 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1068 4 To to IN 34457 1068 5 this this DT 34457 1068 6 fact fact NN 34457 1068 7 van't van't VBZ 34457 1068 8 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 1068 9 attributes attribute VBZ 34457 1068 10 the the DT 34457 1068 11 great great JJ 34457 1068 12 permanence permanence NN 34457 1068 13 of of IN 34457 1068 14 many many JJ 34457 1068 15 really really RB 34457 1068 16 unstable unstable JJ 34457 1068 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1068 18 or or CC 34457 1068 19 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1068 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1068 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 1068 22 compounds compound NNS 34457 1068 23 . . . 34457 1069 1 Reference reference NN 34457 1069 2 has have VBZ 34457 1069 3 been be VBN 34457 1069 4 made make VBN 34457 1069 5 to to IN 34457 1069 6 the the DT 34457 1069 7 fact fact NN 34457 1069 8 that that IN 34457 1069 9 the the DT 34457 1069 10 velocity velocity NN 34457 1069 11 of of IN 34457 1069 12 transformation transformation NN 34457 1069 13 can can MD 34457 1069 14 be be VB 34457 1069 15 accelerated accelerate VBN 34457 1069 16 by by IN 34457 1069 17 various various JJ 34457 1069 18 means mean NNS 34457 1069 19 . . . 34457 1070 1 One one CD 34457 1070 2 of of IN 34457 1070 3 the the DT 34457 1070 4 most most RBS 34457 1070 5 important important JJ 34457 1070 6 of of IN 34457 1070 7 these these DT 34457 1070 8 is be VBZ 34457 1070 9 the the DT 34457 1070 10 employment employment NN 34457 1070 11 of of IN 34457 1070 12 a a DT 34457 1070 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 1070 14 which which WDT 34457 1070 15 has have VBZ 34457 1070 16 a a DT 34457 1070 17 solvent solvent JJ 34457 1070 18 action action NN 34457 1070 19 on on IN 34457 1070 20 the the DT 34457 1070 21 solid solid JJ 34457 1070 22 phases phase NNS 34457 1070 23 . . . 34457 1071 1 Just just RB 34457 1071 2 as as IN 34457 1071 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1071 4 have have VBP 34457 1071 5 seen see VBN 34457 1071 6 that that IN 34457 1071 7 at at IN 34457 1071 8 any any DT 34457 1071 9 given give VBN 34457 1071 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1071 11 the the DT 34457 1071 12 less less RBR 34457 1071 13 stable stable JJ 34457 1071 14 form form NN 34457 1071 15 has have VBZ 34457 1071 16 the the DT 34457 1071 17 higher high JJR 34457 1071 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1071 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 1071 20 , , , 34457 1071 21 but but CC 34457 1071 22 that that IN 34457 1071 23 at at IN 34457 1071 24 the the DT 34457 1071 25 transition transition NN 34457 1071 26 point point NN 34457 1071 27 the the DT 34457 1071 28 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1071 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 1071 30 of of IN 34457 1071 31 both both DT 34457 1071 32 forms form NNS 34457 1071 33 becomes become VBZ 34457 1071 34 identical identical JJ 34457 1071 35 , , , 34457 1071 36 so so RB 34457 1071 37 also also RB 34457 1071 38 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1071 39 can can MD 34457 1071 40 be be VB 34457 1071 41 proved prove VBN 34457 1071 42 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 1071 43 , , , 34457 1071 44 and and CC 34457 1071 45 be be VB 34457 1071 46 shown show VBN 34457 1071 47 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1071 48 , , , 34457 1071 49 that that IN 34457 1071 50 { { -LRB- 34457 1071 51 71 71 CD 34457 1071 52 } } -RRB- 34457 1071 53 at at IN 34457 1071 54 a a DT 34457 1071 55 given give VBN 34457 1071 56 temperature temperature NN 34457 1071 57 the the DT 34457 1071 58 solubility solubility NN 34457 1071 59 of of IN 34457 1071 60 the the DT 34457 1071 61 less less RBR 34457 1071 62 stable stable JJ 34457 1071 63 form form NN 34457 1071 64 is be VBZ 34457 1071 65 greater great JJR 34457 1071 66 than than IN 34457 1071 67 that that DT 34457 1071 68 of of IN 34457 1071 69 the the DT 34457 1071 70 more more RBR 34457 1071 71 stable stable JJ 34457 1071 72 , , , 34457 1071 73 but but CC 34457 1071 74 that that IN 34457 1071 75 at at IN 34457 1071 76 the the DT 34457 1071 77 transition transition NN 34457 1071 78 point point NN 34457 1071 79 the the DT 34457 1071 80 solubility solubility NN 34457 1071 81 of of IN 34457 1071 82 the the DT 34457 1071 83 two two CD 34457 1071 84 forms form NNS 34457 1071 85 becomes become VBZ 34457 1071 86 identical identical JJ 34457 1071 87 . . . 34457 1072 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1072 2 128 128 CD 34457 1072 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1072 4 If if IN 34457 1072 5 , , , 34457 1072 6 then then RB 34457 1072 7 , , , 34457 1072 8 the the DT 34457 1072 9 two two CD 34457 1072 10 solid solid JJ 34457 1072 11 phases phase NNS 34457 1072 12 are be VBP 34457 1072 13 brought bring VBN 34457 1072 14 into into IN 34457 1072 15 contact contact NN 34457 1072 16 with with IN 34457 1072 17 a a DT 34457 1072 18 solvent solvent NN 34457 1072 19 , , , 34457 1072 20 the the DT 34457 1072 21 less less RBR 34457 1072 22 stable stable JJ 34457 1072 23 phase phase NN 34457 1072 24 will will MD 34457 1072 25 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1072 26 more more RBR 34457 1072 27 abundantly abundantly RB 34457 1072 28 than than IN 34457 1072 29 the the DT 34457 1072 30 more more RBR 34457 1072 31 stable stable JJ 34457 1072 32 ; ; : 34457 1072 33 the the DT 34457 1072 34 solution solution NN 34457 1072 35 will will MD 34457 1072 36 therefore therefore RB 34457 1072 37 become become VB 34457 1072 38 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1072 39 with with IN 34457 1072 40 respect respect NN 34457 1072 41 to to IN 34457 1072 42 the the DT 34457 1072 43 latter latter JJ 34457 1072 44 , , , 34457 1072 45 which which WDT 34457 1072 46 will will MD 34457 1072 47 be be VB 34457 1072 48 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1072 49 . . . 34457 1073 1 A a DT 34457 1073 2 gradual gradual JJ 34457 1073 3 change change NN 34457 1073 4 of of IN 34457 1073 5 the the DT 34457 1073 6 less less RBR 34457 1073 7 stable stable JJ 34457 1073 8 form form NN 34457 1073 9 , , , 34457 1073 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 1073 11 , , , 34457 1073 12 takes take VBZ 34457 1073 13 place place NN 34457 1073 14 through through IN 34457 1073 15 the the DT 34457 1073 16 medium medium NN 34457 1073 17 of of IN 34457 1073 18 the the DT 34457 1073 19 solvent solvent NN 34457 1073 20 . . . 34457 1074 1 In in IN 34457 1074 2 this this DT 34457 1074 3 way way NN 34457 1074 4 the the DT 34457 1074 5 more more RBR 34457 1074 6 rapid rapid JJ 34457 1074 7 conversion conversion NN 34457 1074 8 of of IN 34457 1074 9 white white JJ 34457 1074 10 tin tin NN 34457 1074 11 into into IN 34457 1074 12 grey grey NN 34457 1074 13 in in IN 34457 1074 14 presence presence NN 34457 1074 15 of of IN 34457 1074 16 a a DT 34457 1074 17 solution solution NN 34457 1074 18 of of IN 34457 1074 19 tin tin NN 34457 1074 20 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1074 21 chloride chloride NN 34457 1074 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1074 23 p. p. NN 34457 1074 24 42 42 CD 34457 1074 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1074 26 is be VBZ 34457 1074 27 to to TO 34457 1074 28 be be VB 34457 1074 29 explained explain VBN 34457 1074 30 . . . 34457 1075 1 Although although IN 34457 1075 2 , , , 34457 1075 3 as as IN 34457 1075 4 a a DT 34457 1075 5 rule rule NN 34457 1075 6 , , , 34457 1075 7 solvents solvent NNS 34457 1075 8 accelerate accelerate VBP 34457 1075 9 the the DT 34457 1075 10 transformation transformation NN 34457 1075 11 of of IN 34457 1075 12 one one CD 34457 1075 13 solid solid JJ 34457 1075 14 phase phase NN 34457 1075 15 into into IN 34457 1075 16 the the DT 34457 1075 17 other other JJ 34457 1075 18 , , , 34457 1075 19 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1075 20 may may MD 34457 1075 21 also also RB 34457 1075 22 have have VB 34457 1075 23 a a DT 34457 1075 24 retarding retarding JJ 34457 1075 25 influence influence NN 34457 1075 26 on on IN 34457 1075 27 the the DT 34457 1075 28 velocity velocity NN 34457 1075 29 of of IN 34457 1075 30 transformation transformation NN 34457 1075 31 , , , 34457 1075 32 as as IN 34457 1075 33 was be VBD 34457 1075 34 found find VBN 34457 1075 35 by by IN 34457 1075 36 Reinders reinder NNS 34457 1075 37 in in IN 34457 1075 38 the the DT 34457 1075 39 case case NN 34457 1075 40 of of IN 34457 1075 41 mercuric mercuric NN 34457 1075 42 iodide iodide NN 34457 1075 43 . . . 34457 1076 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1076 2 129 129 CD 34457 1076 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1076 4 The the DT 34457 1076 5 velocity velocity NN 34457 1076 6 of of IN 34457 1076 7 inversion inversion NN 34457 1076 8 , , , 34457 1076 9 also also RB 34457 1076 10 , , , 34457 1076 11 is be VBZ 34457 1076 12 variously variously RB 34457 1076 13 affected affect VBN 34457 1076 14 by by IN 34457 1076 15 different different JJ 34457 1076 16 solvents solvent NNS 34457 1076 17 , , , 34457 1076 18 and and CC 34457 1076 19 in in IN 34457 1076 20 some some DT 34457 1076 21 cases case NNS 34457 1076 22 , , , 34457 1076 23 at at IN 34457 1076 24 least least JJS 34457 1076 25 , , , 34457 1076 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1076 27 appears appear VBZ 34457 1076 28 to to TO 34457 1076 29 be be VB 34457 1076 30 slower slow JJR 34457 1076 31 the the DT 34457 1076 32 more more RBR 34457 1076 33 viscous viscous JJ 34457 1076 34 the the DT 34457 1076 35 solvent;[130 solvent;[130 CD 34457 1076 36 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1076 37 indeed indeed RB 34457 1076 38 , , , 34457 1076 39 Kastle Kastle NNP 34457 1076 40 and and CC 34457 1076 41 Reed Reed NNP 34457 1076 42 state state NN 34457 1076 43 that that WDT 34457 1076 44 yellow yellow JJ 34457 1076 45 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1076 46 of of IN 34457 1076 47 mercuric mercuric NN 34457 1076 48 iodide iodide NNP 34457 1076 49 , , , 34457 1076 50 which which WDT 34457 1076 51 , , , 34457 1076 52 ordinarily ordinarily RB 34457 1076 53 , , , 34457 1076 54 change change VB 34457 1076 55 with with IN 34457 1076 56 considerable considerable JJ 34457 1076 57 velocity velocity NN 34457 1076 58 into into IN 34457 1076 59 the the DT 34457 1076 60 red red JJ 34457 1076 61 modification modification NN 34457 1076 62 , , , 34457 1076 63 have have VBP 34457 1076 64 been be VBN 34457 1076 65 preserved preserve VBN 34457 1076 66 for for IN 34457 1076 67 more more JJR 34457 1076 68 than than IN 34457 1076 69 a a DT 34457 1076 70 year year NN 34457 1076 71 under under IN 34457 1076 72 vaseline vaseline NN 34457 1076 73 . . . 34457 1077 1 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1077 2 , , , 34457 1077 3 also also RB 34457 1077 4 , , , 34457 1077 5 has have VBZ 34457 1077 6 a a DT 34457 1077 7 very very RB 34457 1077 8 considerable considerable JJ 34457 1077 9 influence influence NN 34457 1077 10 on on IN 34457 1077 11 the the DT 34457 1077 12 velocity velocity NN 34457 1077 13 of of IN 34457 1077 14 transformation transformation NN 34457 1077 15 . . . 34457 1078 1 The the DT 34457 1078 2 higher high JJR 34457 1078 3 the the DT 34457 1078 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1078 5 , , , 34457 1078 6 and and CC 34457 1078 7 the the DT 34457 1078 8 farther farther JJ 34457 1078 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1078 10 is be VBZ 34457 1078 11 removed remove VBN 34457 1078 12 from from IN 34457 1078 13 the the DT 34457 1078 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1078 15 point point NN 34457 1078 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1078 17 transition transition NN 34457 1078 18 point point NN 34457 1078 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1078 20 , , , 34457 1078 21 the the DT 34457 1078 22 greater great JJR 34457 1078 23 is be VBZ 34457 1078 24 the the DT 34457 1078 25 velocity velocity NN 34457 1078 26 of of IN 34457 1078 27 change change NN 34457 1078 28 . . . 34457 1079 1 Above above IN 34457 1079 2 the the DT 34457 1079 3 transition transition NN 34457 1079 4 point point NN 34457 1079 5 , , , 34457 1079 6 these these DT 34457 1079 7 two two CD 34457 1079 8 factors factor NNS 34457 1079 9 act act VBP 34457 1079 10 in in IN 34457 1079 11 the the DT 34457 1079 12 same same JJ 34457 1079 13 direction direction NN 34457 1079 14 , , , 34457 1079 15 and and CC 34457 1079 16 the the DT 34457 1079 17 velocity velocity NN 34457 1079 18 of of IN 34457 1079 19 transformation transformation NN 34457 1079 20 will will MD 34457 1079 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 1079 22 go go VB 34457 1079 23 on on RP 34457 1079 24 increasing increase VBG 34457 1079 25 indefinitely indefinitely RB 34457 1079 26 the the DT 34457 1079 27 higher high JJR 34457 1079 28 the the DT 34457 1079 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1079 30 is be VBZ 34457 1079 31 raised raise VBN 34457 1079 32 . . . 34457 1080 1 Below below IN 34457 1080 2 the the DT 34457 1080 3 transition transition NN 34457 1080 4 point point NN 34457 1080 5 , , , 34457 1080 6 however however RB 34457 1080 7 , , , 34457 1080 8 the the DT 34457 1080 9 two two CD 34457 1080 10 factors factor NNS 34457 1080 11 act act VBP 34457 1080 12 in in IN 34457 1080 13 opposite opposite JJ 34457 1080 14 directions direction NNS 34457 1080 15 , , , 34457 1080 16 and and CC 34457 1080 17 the the DT 34457 1080 18 more more JJR 34457 1080 19 the the DT 34457 1080 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 1080 21 is be VBZ 34457 1080 22 lowered lower VBN 34457 1080 23 , , , 34457 1080 24 the the DT 34457 1080 25 more more RBR 34457 1080 26 is be VBZ 34457 1080 27 the the DT 34457 1080 28 effect effect NN 34457 1080 29 of of IN 34457 1080 30 removal removal NN 34457 1080 31 from from IN 34457 1080 32 the the DT 34457 1080 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1080 34 point point NN 34457 1080 35 counteracted counteract VBD 34457 1080 36 . . . 34457 1081 1 A a DT 34457 1081 2 point point NN 34457 1081 3 will will MD 34457 1081 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1081 5 be be VB 34457 1081 6 reached reach VBN 34457 1081 7 at at IN 34457 1081 8 which which WDT 34457 1081 9 the the DT 34457 1081 10 velocity velocity NN 34457 1081 11 is be VBZ 34457 1081 12 a a DT 34457 1081 13 maximum maximum NN 34457 1081 14 . . . 34457 1082 1 Reduction reduction NN 34457 1082 2 of of IN 34457 1082 3 the the DT 34457 1082 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1082 5 { { -LRB- 34457 1082 6 72 72 CD 34457 1082 7 } } -RRB- 34457 1082 8 below below IN 34457 1082 9 this this DT 34457 1082 10 point point NN 34457 1082 11 causes cause VBZ 34457 1082 12 a a DT 34457 1082 13 rapid rapid JJ 34457 1082 14 falling fall VBG 34457 1082 15 off off RP 34457 1082 16 in in IN 34457 1082 17 the the DT 34457 1082 18 velocity velocity NN 34457 1082 19 of of IN 34457 1082 20 change change NN 34457 1082 21 . . . 34457 1083 1 The the DT 34457 1083 2 point point NN 34457 1083 3 of of IN 34457 1083 4 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1083 5 velocity velocity NN 34457 1083 6 , , , 34457 1083 7 however however RB 34457 1083 8 , , , 34457 1083 9 is be VBZ 34457 1083 10 not not RB 34457 1083 11 definite definite JJ 34457 1083 12 , , , 34457 1083 13 but but CC 34457 1083 14 may may MD 34457 1083 15 be be VB 34457 1083 16 altered alter VBN 34457 1083 17 by by IN 34457 1083 18 various various JJ 34457 1083 19 causes cause NNS 34457 1083 20 . . . 34457 1084 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1084 2 , , , 34457 1084 3 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 1084 4 found find VBD 34457 1084 5 that that IN 34457 1084 6 in in IN 34457 1084 7 the the DT 34457 1084 8 case case NN 34457 1084 9 of of IN 34457 1084 10 tin tin NN 34457 1084 11 , , , 34457 1084 12 the the DT 34457 1084 13 point point NN 34457 1084 14 of of IN 34457 1084 15 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1084 16 velocity velocity NN 34457 1084 17 was be VBD 34457 1084 18 altered alter VBN 34457 1084 19 if if IN 34457 1084 20 the the DT 34457 1084 21 metal metal NN 34457 1084 22 had have VBD 34457 1084 23 already already RB 34457 1084 24 undergone undergo VBN 34457 1084 25 transformation transformation NN 34457 1084 26 ; ; : 34457 1084 27 and and CC 34457 1084 28 also also RB 34457 1084 29 by by IN 34457 1084 30 the the DT 34457 1084 31 presence presence NN 34457 1084 32 of of IN 34457 1084 33 different different JJ 34457 1084 34 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1084 35 . . . 34457 1085 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1085 2 131 131 CD 34457 1085 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1085 4 Lastly lastly RB 34457 1085 5 , , , 34457 1085 6 the the DT 34457 1085 7 presence presence NN 34457 1085 8 of of IN 34457 1085 9 small small JJ 34457 1085 10 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1085 11 of of IN 34457 1085 12 different different JJ 34457 1085 13 substances substance NNS 34457 1085 14 -- -- : 34457 1085 15 catalytic catalytic JJ 34457 1085 16 agents agent NNS 34457 1085 17 or or CC 34457 1085 18 catalyzers catalyzer NNS 34457 1085 19 -- -- : 34457 1085 20 has have VBZ 34457 1085 21 a a DT 34457 1085 22 great great JJ 34457 1085 23 influence influence NN 34457 1085 24 on on IN 34457 1085 25 the the DT 34457 1085 26 velocity velocity NN 34457 1085 27 of of IN 34457 1085 28 transformation transformation NN 34457 1085 29 . . . 34457 1086 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1086 2 , , , 34457 1086 3 _ _ NNP 34457 1086 4 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1086 5 _ _ NNP 34457 1086 6 , , , 34457 1086 7 the the DT 34457 1086 8 conversion conversion NN 34457 1086 9 of of IN 34457 1086 10 white white NNP 34457 1086 11 to to IN 34457 1086 12 red red JJ 34457 1086 13 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1086 14 is be VBZ 34457 1086 15 accelerated accelerate VBN 34457 1086 16 by by IN 34457 1086 17 the the DT 34457 1086 18 presence presence NN 34457 1086 19 of of IN 34457 1086 20 iodine iodine NN 34457 1086 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1086 22 p. p. NN 34457 1086 23 47 47 CD 34457 1086 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1086 25 . . . 34457 1087 1 Greater great JJR 34457 1087 2 attention attention NN 34457 1087 3 , , , 34457 1087 4 however however RB 34457 1087 5 , , , 34457 1087 6 has have VBZ 34457 1087 7 been be VBN 34457 1087 8 paid pay VBN 34457 1087 9 to to IN 34457 1087 10 the the DT 34457 1087 11 study study NN 34457 1087 12 of of IN 34457 1087 13 the the DT 34457 1087 14 velocity velocity NN 34457 1087 15 of of IN 34457 1087 16 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1087 17 of of IN 34457 1087 18 a a DT 34457 1087 19 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1087 20 liquid liquid NN 34457 1087 21 , , , 34457 1087 22 the the DT 34457 1087 23 first first JJ 34457 1087 24 experiments experiment NNS 34457 1087 25 in in IN 34457 1087 26 this this DT 34457 1087 27 direction direction NN 34457 1087 28 having have VBG 34457 1087 29 been be VBN 34457 1087 30 made make VBN 34457 1087 31 by by IN 34457 1087 32 Gernez[132 Gernez[132 NNP 34457 1087 33 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1087 34 on on IN 34457 1087 35 the the DT 34457 1087 36 velocity velocity NN 34457 1087 37 of of IN 34457 1087 38 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1087 39 of of IN 34457 1087 40 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1087 41 and and CC 34457 1087 42 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 1087 43 . . . 34457 1088 1 Since since IN 34457 1088 2 that that DT 34457 1088 3 time time NN 34457 1088 4 , , , 34457 1088 5 the the DT 34457 1088 6 velocity velocity NN 34457 1088 7 of of IN 34457 1088 8 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1088 9 of of IN 34457 1088 10 other other JJ 34457 1088 11 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1088 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1088 13 has have VBZ 34457 1088 14 been be VBN 34457 1088 15 investigated investigate VBN 34457 1088 16 ; ; : 34457 1088 17 such such JJ 34457 1088 18 as as IN 34457 1088 19 acetic acetic JJ 34457 1088 20 acid acid NN 34457 1088 21 and and CC 34457 1088 22 phenol phenol NN 34457 1088 23 by by IN 34457 1088 24 Moore;[133 Moore;[133 NNP 34457 1088 25 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1088 26 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1088 27 water water NN 34457 1088 28 by by IN 34457 1088 29 Tumlirz;[134 Tumlirz;[134 NNP 34457 1088 30 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1088 31 and and CC 34457 1088 32 a a DT 34457 1088 33 number number NN 34457 1088 34 of of IN 34457 1088 35 organic organic JJ 34457 1088 36 substances substance NNS 34457 1088 37 by by IN 34457 1088 38 Tammann,[135 tammann,[135 CD 34457 1088 39 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1088 40 Friedländer friedlã¤nder NN 34457 1088 41 and and CC 34457 1088 42 Tammann,[136 tammann,[136 NN 34457 1088 43 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1088 44 and and CC 34457 1088 45 by by IN 34457 1088 46 Bogojawlenski Bogojawlenski NNP 34457 1088 47 . . . 34457 1089 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1089 2 137 137 CD 34457 1089 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1089 4 In in IN 34457 1089 5 measuring measure VBG 34457 1089 6 the the DT 34457 1089 7 velocity velocity NN 34457 1089 8 of of IN 34457 1089 9 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1089 10 , , , 34457 1089 11 the the DT 34457 1089 12 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1089 13 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1089 14 were be VBD 34457 1089 15 contained contain VBN 34457 1089 16 in in IN 34457 1089 17 narrow narrow JJ 34457 1089 18 glass glass NN 34457 1089 19 tubes tube NNS 34457 1089 20 , , , 34457 1089 21 and and CC 34457 1089 22 the the DT 34457 1089 23 time time NN 34457 1089 24 required require VBN 34457 1089 25 for for IN 34457 1089 26 the the DT 34457 1089 27 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1089 28 to to TO 34457 1089 29 advance advance VB 34457 1089 30 along along IN 34457 1089 31 a a DT 34457 1089 32 certain certain JJ 34457 1089 33 length length NN 34457 1089 34 of of IN 34457 1089 35 the the DT 34457 1089 36 tube tube NN 34457 1089 37 was be VBD 34457 1089 38 determined determine VBN 34457 1089 39 , , , 34457 1089 40 the the DT 34457 1089 41 velocity velocity NN 34457 1089 42 being be VBG 34457 1089 43 expressed express VBN 34457 1089 44 in in IN 34457 1089 45 millimetres millimetre NNS 34457 1089 46 per per IN 34457 1089 47 minute minute NN 34457 1089 48 . . . 34457 1090 1 The the DT 34457 1090 2 results result NNS 34457 1090 3 which which WDT 34457 1090 4 have have VBP 34457 1090 5 so so RB 34457 1090 6 far far RB 34457 1090 7 been be VBN 34457 1090 8 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1090 9 may may MD 34457 1090 10 be be VB 34457 1090 11 summarized summarize VBN 34457 1090 12 as as IN 34457 1090 13 follows follow VBZ 34457 1090 14 . . . 34457 1091 1 For for IN 34457 1091 2 any any DT 34457 1091 3 given give VBN 34457 1091 4 degree degree NN 34457 1091 5 of of IN 34457 1091 6 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 1091 7 of of IN 34457 1091 8 a a DT 34457 1091 9 substance substance NN 34457 1091 10 , , , 34457 1091 11 the the DT 34457 1091 12 velocity velocity NN 34457 1091 13 of of IN 34457 1091 14 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1091 15 is be VBZ 34457 1091 16 constant constant JJ 34457 1091 17 . . . 34457 1092 1 As as IN 34457 1092 2 the the DT 34457 1092 3 degree degree NN 34457 1092 4 of of IN 34457 1092 5 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 1092 6 increases increase NNS 34457 1092 7 , , , 34457 1092 8 the the DT 34457 1092 9 velocity velocity NN 34457 1092 10 of of IN 34457 1092 11 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1092 12 also also RB 34457 1092 13 increases increase VBZ 34457 1092 14 , , , 34457 1092 15 until until IN 34457 1092 16 a a DT 34457 1092 17 certain certain JJ 34457 1092 18 point point NN 34457 1092 19 is be VBZ 34457 1092 20 reached reach VBN 34457 1092 21 at at IN 34457 1092 22 which which WDT 34457 1092 23 the the DT 34457 1092 24 velocity velocity NN 34457 1092 25 is be VBZ 34457 1092 26 a a DT 34457 1092 27 maximum maximum NN 34457 1092 28 , , , 34457 1092 29 which which WDT 34457 1092 30 has have VBZ 34457 1092 31 a a DT 34457 1092 32 definite definite JJ 34457 1092 33 characteristic characteristic JJ 34457 1092 34 value value NN 34457 1092 35 for for IN 34457 1092 36 each each DT 34457 1092 37 substance substance NN 34457 1092 38 . . . 34457 1093 1 This this DT 34457 1093 2 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1093 3 velocity velocity NN 34457 1093 4 remains remain VBZ 34457 1093 5 constant constant JJ 34457 1093 6 over over IN 34457 1093 7 a a DT 34457 1093 8 certain certain JJ 34457 1093 9 range range NN 34457 1093 10 of of IN 34457 1093 11 { { -LRB- 34457 1093 12 73 73 CD 34457 1093 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1093 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 1093 15 ; ; : 34457 1093 16 thereafter thereafter RB 34457 1093 17 , , , 34457 1093 18 the the DT 34457 1093 19 velocity velocity NN 34457 1093 20 diminishes diminish VBZ 34457 1093 21 fairly fairly RB 34457 1093 22 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 1093 23 , , , 34457 1093 24 and and CC 34457 1093 25 , , , 34457 1093 26 with with IN 34457 1093 27 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 1093 28 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 1093 29 , , , 34457 1093 30 may may MD 34457 1093 31 become become VB 34457 1093 32 zero zero CD 34457 1093 33 . . . 34457 1094 1 The the DT 34457 1094 2 liquid liquid NN 34457 1094 3 then then RB 34457 1094 4 passes pass VBZ 34457 1094 5 into into IN 34457 1094 6 a a DT 34457 1094 7 glassy glassy JJ 34457 1094 8 mass mass NN 34457 1094 9 , , , 34457 1094 10 which which WDT 34457 1094 11 will will MD 34457 1094 12 remain remain VB 34457 1094 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1094 14 practically practically RB 34457 1094 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1094 16 permanent permanent JJ 34457 1094 17 even even RB 34457 1094 18 in in IN 34457 1094 19 contact contact NN 34457 1094 20 with with IN 34457 1094 21 the the DT 34457 1094 22 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1094 23 solid solid JJ 34457 1094 24 . . . 34457 1095 1 In in IN 34457 1095 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1095 3 glass glass NN 34457 1095 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1095 5 have have VBP 34457 1095 6 a a DT 34457 1095 7 familiar familiar JJ 34457 1095 8 example example NN 34457 1095 9 of of IN 34457 1095 10 a a DT 34457 1095 11 liquid liquid NN 34457 1095 12 which which WDT 34457 1095 13 has have VBZ 34457 1095 14 been be VBN 34457 1095 15 cooled cool VBN 34457 1095 16 to to IN 34457 1095 17 a a DT 34457 1095 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1095 19 at at IN 34457 1095 20 which which WDT 34457 1095 21 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1095 22 takes take VBZ 34457 1095 23 place place NN 34457 1095 24 with with IN 34457 1095 25 very very RB 34457 1095 26 great great JJ 34457 1095 27 slowness slowness NN 34457 1095 28 . . . 34457 1096 1 If if IN 34457 1096 2 , , , 34457 1096 3 however however RB 34457 1096 4 , , , 34457 1096 5 glass glass NN 34457 1096 6 is be VBZ 34457 1096 7 heated heated JJ 34457 1096 8 , , , 34457 1096 9 a a DT 34457 1096 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1096 11 is be VBZ 34457 1096 12 reached reach VBN 34457 1096 13 , , , 34457 1096 14 much much RB 34457 1096 15 below below IN 34457 1096 16 the the DT 34457 1096 17 melting melting NN 34457 1096 18 point point NN 34457 1096 19 of of IN 34457 1096 20 the the DT 34457 1096 21 glass glass NN 34457 1096 22 , , , 34457 1096 23 at at IN 34457 1096 24 which which WDT 34457 1096 25 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1096 26 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1096 27 with with IN 34457 1096 28 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 1096 29 velocity velocity NN 34457 1096 30 , , , 34457 1096 31 and and CC 34457 1096 32 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1096 33 observe observe VBP 34457 1096 34 the the DT 34457 1096 35 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 1096 36 of of IN 34457 1096 37 devitrification devitrification NN 34457 1096 38 . . . 34457 1097 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1097 2 138 138 CD 34457 1097 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1097 4 When when WRB 34457 1097 5 the the DT 34457 1097 6 velocity velocity NN 34457 1097 7 of of IN 34457 1097 8 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1097 9 is be VBZ 34457 1097 10 studied study VBN 34457 1097 11 at at IN 34457 1097 12 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1097 13 above above IN 34457 1097 14 the the DT 34457 1097 15 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1097 16 point point NN 34457 1097 17 , , , 34457 1097 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1097 19 is be VBZ 34457 1097 20 found find VBN 34457 1097 21 that that IN 34457 1097 22 the the DT 34457 1097 23 velocity velocity NN 34457 1097 24 is be VBZ 34457 1097 25 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1097 26 by by IN 34457 1097 27 the the DT 34457 1097 28 addition addition NN 34457 1097 29 of of IN 34457 1097 30 foreign foreign JJ 34457 1097 31 substances substance NNS 34457 1097 32 ; ; : 34457 1097 33 and and CC 34457 1097 34 in in IN 34457 1097 35 many many JJ 34457 1097 36 cases case NNS 34457 1097 37 , , , 34457 1097 38 indeed indeed RB 34457 1097 39 , , , 34457 1097 40 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1097 41 has have VBZ 34457 1097 42 been be VBN 34457 1097 43 found find VBN 34457 1097 44 that that IN 34457 1097 45 the the DT 34457 1097 46 diminution diminution NN 34457 1097 47 is be VBZ 34457 1097 48 the the DT 34457 1097 49 same same JJ 34457 1097 50 for for IN 34457 1097 51 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 1097 52 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1097 53 of of IN 34457 1097 54 different different JJ 34457 1097 55 substances substance NNS 34457 1097 56 . . . 34457 1098 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1098 2 would would MD 34457 1098 3 hence hence RB 34457 1098 4 appear appear VB 34457 1098 5 possible possible JJ 34457 1098 6 to to TO 34457 1098 7 utilize utilize VB 34457 1098 8 this this DT 34457 1098 9 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1098 10 as as IN 34457 1098 11 a a DT 34457 1098 12 method method NN 34457 1098 13 for for IN 34457 1098 14 determining determine VBG 34457 1098 15 molecular molecular JJ 34457 1098 16 weights weight NNS 34457 1098 17 . . . 34457 1099 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1099 2 139 139 CD 34457 1099 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1099 4 The the DT 34457 1099 5 rule rule NN 34457 1099 6 is be VBZ 34457 1099 7 , , , 34457 1099 8 however however RB 34457 1099 9 , , , 34457 1099 10 by by IN 34457 1099 11 no no DT 34457 1099 12 means means NN 34457 1099 13 a a DT 34457 1099 14 universal universal JJ 34457 1099 15 one one NN 34457 1099 16 . . . 34457 1100 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1100 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1100 3 has have VBZ 34457 1100 4 been be VBN 34457 1100 5 found find VBN 34457 1100 6 by by IN 34457 1100 7 F. F. NNP 34457 1100 8 Dreyer,[140 Dreyer,[140 NNP 34457 1100 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1100 10 in in IN 34457 1100 11 studying study VBG 34457 1100 12 the the DT 34457 1100 13 velocity velocity NN 34457 1100 14 of of IN 34457 1100 15 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1100 16 of of IN 34457 1100 17 formanilide formanilide NN 34457 1100 18 , , , 34457 1100 19 that that IN 34457 1100 20 the the DT 34457 1100 21 diminution diminution NN 34457 1100 22 in in IN 34457 1100 23 the the DT 34457 1100 24 velocity velocity NN 34457 1100 25 produced produce VBN 34457 1100 26 by by IN 34457 1100 27 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 1100 28 amounts amount NNS 34457 1100 29 of of IN 34457 1100 30 different different JJ 34457 1100 31 substances substance NNS 34457 1100 32 is be VBZ 34457 1100 33 not not RB 34457 1100 34 the the DT 34457 1100 35 same same JJ 34457 1100 36 , , , 34457 1100 37 but but CC 34457 1100 38 that that IN 34457 1100 39 the the DT 34457 1100 40 foreign foreign JJ 34457 1100 41 substances substance NNS 34457 1100 42 exercise exercise VBP 34457 1100 43 a a DT 34457 1100 44 specific specific JJ 34457 1100 45 influence influence NN 34457 1100 46 . . . 34457 1101 1 Further further RB 34457 1101 2 , , , 34457 1101 3 von von NNP 34457 1101 4 Pickardt Pickardt NNP 34457 1101 5 's 's POS 34457 1101 6 rule rule NN 34457 1101 7 does do VBZ 34457 1101 8 not not RB 34457 1101 9 hold hold VB 34457 1101 10 when when WRB 34457 1101 11 the the DT 34457 1101 12 foreign foreign JJ 34457 1101 13 substance substance NN 34457 1101 14 forms form VBZ 34457 1101 15 mixed mixed JJ 34457 1101 16 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1101 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1101 18 Chap Chap NNP 34457 1101 19 . . . 34457 1102 1 X. X. NNP 34457 1102 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1103 1 with with IN 34457 1103 2 the the DT 34457 1103 3 crystallizing crystallize VBG 34457 1103 4 substance substance NN 34457 1103 5 . . . 34457 1104 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1104 2 141 141 CD 34457 1104 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1104 4 Law Law NNP 34457 1104 5 of of IN 34457 1104 6 Successive Successive NNP 34457 1104 7 Reactions.--When Reactions.--When NNP 34457 1104 8 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1104 9 vapour vapour NNP 34457 1104 10 is be VBZ 34457 1104 11 cooled cool VBN 34457 1104 12 at at IN 34457 1104 13 the the DT 34457 1104 14 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1104 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1104 16 , , , 34457 1104 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1104 18 first first RB 34457 1104 19 of of IN 34457 1104 20 all all DT 34457 1104 21 condenses condense NNS 34457 1104 22 to to IN 34457 1104 23 drops drop NNS 34457 1104 24 of of IN 34457 1104 25 liquid liquid NN 34457 1104 26 , , , 34457 1104 27 which which WDT 34457 1104 28 solidify solidify VBP 34457 1104 29 in in IN 34457 1104 30 an an DT 34457 1104 31 amorphous amorphous JJ 34457 1104 32 form form NN 34457 1104 33 , , , 34457 1104 34 and and CC 34457 1104 35 only only RB 34457 1104 36 after after IN 34457 1104 37 some some DT 34457 1104 38 time time NN 34457 1104 39 undergo undergo VBP 34457 1104 40 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1104 41 ; ; , 34457 1104 42 or or CC 34457 1104 43 , , , 34457 1104 44 when when WRB 34457 1104 45 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1104 46 vapour vapour NNP 34457 1104 47 is be VBZ 34457 1104 48 condensed condense VBN 34457 1104 49 , , , 34457 1104 50 white white JJ 34457 1104 51 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1104 52 is be VBZ 34457 1104 53 first first RB 34457 1104 54 formed form VBN 34457 1104 55 , , , 34457 1104 56 and and CC 34457 1104 57 not not RB 34457 1104 58 the the DT 34457 1104 59 more more RBR 34457 1104 60 stable stable JJ 34457 1104 61 form form NN 34457 1104 62 -- -- : 34457 1104 63 red red JJ 34457 1104 64 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1104 65 . . . 34457 1105 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1105 2 has have VBZ 34457 1105 3 also also RB 34457 1105 4 been be VBN 34457 1105 5 observed observe VBN 34457 1105 6 that that IN 34457 1105 7 even even RB 34457 1105 8 at at IN 34457 1105 9 the the DT 34457 1105 10 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1105 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1105 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1105 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 1105 14 much much RB 34457 1105 15 below below IN 34457 1105 16 the the DT 34457 1105 17 transition transition NN 34457 1105 18 point point NN 34457 1105 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1105 20 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1105 21 may may MD 34457 1105 22 crystallize crystallize VB 34457 1105 23 out out RP 34457 1105 24 from from IN 34457 1105 25 solution solution NN 34457 1105 26 in in IN 34457 1105 27 benzene benzene NN 34457 1105 28 , , , 34457 1105 29 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 1105 30 , , , 34457 1105 31 carbon carbon NN 34457 1105 32 disulphide disulphide NN 34457 1105 33 , , , 34457 1105 34 and and CC 34457 1105 35 other other JJ 34457 1105 36 { { -LRB- 34457 1105 37 74 74 CD 34457 1105 38 } } -RRB- 34457 1105 39 solvents solvent NNS 34457 1105 40 , , , 34457 1105 41 in in IN 34457 1105 42 the the DT 34457 1105 43 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 1105 44 form form NN 34457 1105 45 , , , 34457 1105 46 the the DT 34457 1105 47 less less RBR 34457 1105 48 stable stable JJ 34457 1105 49 prismatic prismatic JJ 34457 1105 50 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1105 51 then then RB 34457 1105 52 undergoing undergo VBG 34457 1105 53 transformation transformation NN 34457 1105 54 into into IN 34457 1105 55 the the DT 34457 1105 56 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 1105 57 form;[142 form;[142 NNS 34457 1105 58 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1105 59 a a DT 34457 1105 60 similar similar JJ 34457 1105 61 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1105 62 has have VBZ 34457 1105 63 also also RB 34457 1105 64 been be VBN 34457 1105 65 observed observe VBN 34457 1105 66 in in IN 34457 1105 67 the the DT 34457 1105 68 transformation transformation NN 34457 1105 69 of of IN 34457 1105 70 the the DT 34457 1105 71 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 1105 72 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 1105 73 forms form NNS 34457 1105 74 of of IN 34457 1105 75 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1105 76 . . . 34457 1106 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1106 2 143 143 CD 34457 1106 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1106 4 Many many JJ 34457 1106 5 other other JJ 34457 1106 6 examples example NNS 34457 1106 7 might may MD 34457 1106 8 be be VB 34457 1106 9 given give VBN 34457 1106 10 . . . 34457 1107 1 In in IN 34457 1107 2 organic organic JJ 34457 1107 3 chemistry chemistry NN 34457 1107 4 , , , 34457 1107 5 for for IN 34457 1107 6 instance instance NN 34457 1107 7 , , , 34457 1107 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1107 9 is be VBZ 34457 1107 10 often often RB 34457 1107 11 found find VBN 34457 1107 12 that that IN 34457 1107 13 when when WRB 34457 1107 14 a a DT 34457 1107 15 substance substance NN 34457 1107 16 is be VBZ 34457 1107 17 thrown throw VBN 34457 1107 18 out out IN 34457 1107 19 of of IN 34457 1107 20 solution solution NN 34457 1107 21 , , , 34457 1107 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1107 23 is be VBZ 34457 1107 24 first first RB 34457 1107 25 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1107 26 as as IN 34457 1107 27 a a DT 34457 1107 28 liquid liquid NN 34457 1107 29 , , , 34457 1107 30 which which WDT 34457 1107 31 passes pass VBZ 34457 1107 32 later later RB 34457 1107 33 into into IN 34457 1107 34 the the DT 34457 1107 35 more more RBR 34457 1107 36 stable stable JJ 34457 1107 37 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1107 38 form form NN 34457 1107 39 . . . 34457 1108 1 In in IN 34457 1108 2 analysis analysis NN 34457 1108 3 , , , 34457 1108 4 also also RB 34457 1108 5 , , , 34457 1108 6 rapid rapid JJ 34457 1108 7 precipitation precipitation NN 34457 1108 8 from from IN 34457 1108 9 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 1108 10 solution solution NN 34457 1108 11 often often RB 34457 1108 12 causes cause VBZ 34457 1108 13 the the DT 34457 1108 14 separation separation NN 34457 1108 15 of of IN 34457 1108 16 a a DT 34457 1108 17 less less RBR 34457 1108 18 stable stable JJ 34457 1108 19 and and CC 34457 1108 20 more more RBR 34457 1108 21 soluble soluble JJ 34457 1108 22 amorphous amorphous JJ 34457 1108 23 form form NN 34457 1108 24 . . . 34457 1109 1 On on IN 34457 1109 2 account account NN 34457 1109 3 of of IN 34457 1109 4 the the DT 34457 1109 5 great great JJ 34457 1109 6 frequency frequency NN 34457 1109 7 with with IN 34457 1109 8 which which WDT 34457 1109 9 the the DT 34457 1109 10 prior prior JJ 34457 1109 11 formation formation NN 34457 1109 12 of of IN 34457 1109 13 the the DT 34457 1109 14 less less RBR 34457 1109 15 stable stable JJ 34457 1109 16 form form NN 34457 1109 17 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1109 18 , , , 34457 1109 19 Ostwald[144 ostwald[144 LS 34457 1109 20 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1109 21 has have VBZ 34457 1109 22 put put VBN 34457 1109 23 forward forward RB 34457 1109 24 the the DT 34457 1109 25 _ _ NNP 34457 1109 26 law law NN 34457 1109 27 of of IN 34457 1109 28 successive successive JJ 34457 1109 29 reactions reaction NNS 34457 1109 30 _ _ NNP 34457 1109 31 , , , 34457 1109 32 which which WDT 34457 1109 33 states state VBZ 34457 1109 34 that that IN 34457 1109 35 when when WRB 34457 1109 36 a a DT 34457 1109 37 system system NN 34457 1109 38 passes pass VBZ 34457 1109 39 from from IN 34457 1109 40 a a DT 34457 1109 41 less less RBR 34457 1109 42 stable stable JJ 34457 1109 43 condition condition NN 34457 1109 44 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1109 45 does do VBZ 34457 1109 46 not not RB 34457 1109 47 pass pass VB 34457 1109 48 directly directly RB 34457 1109 49 into into IN 34457 1109 50 the the DT 34457 1109 51 most most RBS 34457 1109 52 stable stable JJ 34457 1109 53 of of IN 34457 1109 54 the the DT 34457 1109 55 possible possible JJ 34457 1109 56 states state NNS 34457 1109 57 ; ; : 34457 1109 58 but but CC 34457 1109 59 into into IN 34457 1109 60 the the DT 34457 1109 61 next next JJ 34457 1109 62 more more RBR 34457 1109 63 stable stable JJ 34457 1109 64 , , , 34457 1109 65 and and CC 34457 1109 66 so so RB 34457 1109 67 step step VB 34457 1109 68 by by IN 34457 1109 69 step step NN 34457 1109 70 into into IN 34457 1109 71 the the DT 34457 1109 72 most most RBS 34457 1109 73 stable stable JJ 34457 1109 74 . . . 34457 1110 1 This this DT 34457 1110 2 law law NN 34457 1110 3 explains explain VBZ 34457 1110 4 the the DT 34457 1110 5 formation formation NN 34457 1110 6 of of IN 34457 1110 7 the the DT 34457 1110 8 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1110 9 forms form NNS 34457 1110 10 of of IN 34457 1110 11 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 1110 12 substances substance NNS 34457 1110 13 , , , 34457 1110 14 which which WDT 34457 1110 15 would would MD 34457 1110 16 otherwise otherwise RB 34457 1110 17 not not RB 34457 1110 18 be be VB 34457 1110 19 obtainable obtainable JJ 34457 1110 20 . . . 34457 1111 1 Although although IN 34457 1111 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1111 3 is be VBZ 34457 1111 4 not not RB 34457 1111 5 always always RB 34457 1111 6 possible possible JJ 34457 1111 7 to to TO 34457 1111 8 observe observe VB 34457 1111 9 the the DT 34457 1111 10 formation formation NN 34457 1111 11 of of IN 34457 1111 12 the the DT 34457 1111 13 least least JJS 34457 1111 14 stable stable JJ 34457 1111 15 form form NN 34457 1111 16 , , , 34457 1111 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1111 18 should should MD 34457 1111 19 be be VB 34457 1111 20 remembered remember VBN 34457 1111 21 that that IN 34457 1111 22 that that DT 34457 1111 23 may may MD 34457 1111 24 quite quite RB 34457 1111 25 conceivably conceivably RB 34457 1111 26 be be VB 34457 1111 27 due due IN 34457 1111 28 to to IN 34457 1111 29 the the DT 34457 1111 30 great great JJ 34457 1111 31 velocity velocity NN 34457 1111 32 of of IN 34457 1111 33 transformation transformation NN 34457 1111 34 of of IN 34457 1111 35 the the DT 34457 1111 36 less less RBR 34457 1111 37 stable stable JJ 34457 1111 38 into into IN 34457 1111 39 the the DT 34457 1111 40 more more RBR 34457 1111 41 stable stable JJ 34457 1111 42 form form NN 34457 1111 43 . . . 34457 1112 1 From from IN 34457 1112 2 what what WP 34457 1112 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1112 4 have have VBP 34457 1112 5 learned learn VBN 34457 1112 6 about about IN 34457 1112 7 the the DT 34457 1112 8 velocity velocity NN 34457 1112 9 of of IN 34457 1112 10 transformation transformation NN 34457 1112 11 of of IN 34457 1112 12 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1112 13 phases phase NNS 34457 1112 14 , , , 34457 1112 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1112 16 can can MD 34457 1112 17 understand understand VB 34457 1112 18 that that DT 34457 1112 19 rapid rapid JJ 34457 1112 20 cooling cooling NN 34457 1112 21 to to IN 34457 1112 22 a a DT 34457 1112 23 low low JJ 34457 1112 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 1112 25 will will MD 34457 1112 26 tend tend VB 34457 1112 27 to to TO 34457 1112 28 preserve preserve VB 34457 1112 29 the the DT 34457 1112 30 less less RBR 34457 1112 31 stable stable JJ 34457 1112 32 form form NN 34457 1112 33 ; ; : 34457 1112 34 and and CC 34457 1112 35 , , , 34457 1112 36 on on IN 34457 1112 37 account account NN 34457 1112 38 of of IN 34457 1112 39 the the DT 34457 1112 40 influence influence NN 34457 1112 41 of of IN 34457 1112 42 temperature temperature NN 34457 1112 43 in in IN 34457 1112 44 increasing increase VBG 34457 1112 45 the the DT 34457 1112 46 velocity velocity NN 34457 1112 47 of of IN 34457 1112 48 change change NN 34457 1112 49 , , , 34457 1112 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1112 51 can can MD 34457 1112 52 be be VB 34457 1112 53 seen see VBN 34457 1112 54 that that IN 34457 1112 55 the the DT 34457 1112 56 formation formation NN 34457 1112 57 of of IN 34457 1112 58 the the DT 34457 1112 59 less less RBR 34457 1112 60 stable stable JJ 34457 1112 61 form form NN 34457 1112 62 will will MD 34457 1112 63 be be VB 34457 1112 64 more more RBR 34457 1112 65 difficult difficult JJ 34457 1112 66 to to TO 34457 1112 67 observe observe VB 34457 1112 68 in in IN 34457 1112 69 superheated superheate VBN 34457 1112 70 than than IN 34457 1112 71 in in IN 34457 1112 72 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1112 73 systems system NNS 34457 1112 74 . . . 34457 1113 1 The the DT 34457 1113 2 factors factor NNS 34457 1113 3 , , , 34457 1113 4 however however RB 34457 1113 5 , , , 34457 1113 6 which which WDT 34457 1113 7 affect affect VBP 34457 1113 8 the the DT 34457 1113 9 readiness readiness NN 34457 1113 10 with with IN 34457 1113 11 which which WDT 34457 1113 12 { { -LRB- 34457 1113 13 75 75 CD 34457 1113 14 } } -RRB- 34457 1113 15 the the DT 34457 1113 16 less less RBR 34457 1113 17 stable stable JJ 34457 1113 18 modification modification NN 34457 1113 19 is be VBZ 34457 1113 20 produced produce VBN 34457 1113 21 , , , 34457 1113 22 appear appear VB 34457 1113 23 to to TO 34457 1113 24 be be VB 34457 1113 25 rather rather RB 34457 1113 26 various various JJ 34457 1113 27 . . . 34457 1114 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1114 2 145 145 CD 34457 1114 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1114 4 Although although IN 34457 1114 5 a a DT 34457 1114 6 number number NN 34457 1114 7 of of IN 34457 1114 8 at at IN 34457 1114 9 least least JJS 34457 1114 10 apparent apparent JJ 34457 1114 11 exceptions exception NNS 34457 1114 12 to to IN 34457 1114 13 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 1114 14 's 's POS 34457 1114 15 law law NN 34457 1114 16 have have VBP 34457 1114 17 been be VBN 34457 1114 18 found find VBN 34457 1114 19 , , , 34457 1114 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1114 21 may may MD 34457 1114 22 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1114 23 be be VB 34457 1114 24 accepted accept VBN 34457 1114 25 as as IN 34457 1114 26 a a DT 34457 1114 27 very very RB 34457 1114 28 useful useful JJ 34457 1114 29 generalization generalization NN 34457 1114 30 which which WDT 34457 1114 31 sums sum VBZ 34457 1114 32 up up RP 34457 1114 33 very very RB 34457 1114 34 frequently frequently RB 34457 1114 35 observed observe VBN 34457 1114 36 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1114 37 . . . 34457 1115 1 * * NFP 34457 1115 2 * * NFP 34457 1115 3 * * NFP 34457 1115 4 * * NFP 34457 1115 5 * * NFP 34457 1115 6 { { -LRB- 34457 1115 7 76 76 CD 34457 1115 8 } } -RRB- 34457 1115 9 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 1115 10 V v NN 34457 1115 11 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 1115 12 OF of IN 34457 1115 13 TWO two CD 34457 1115 14 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 1115 15 -- -- : 34457 1115 16 PHENOMENA phenomena NN 34457 1115 17 OF of IN 34457 1115 18 DISSOCIATION DISSOCIATION NNP 34457 1115 19 In in IN 34457 1115 20 the the DT 34457 1115 21 preceding precede VBG 34457 1115 22 pages page NNS 34457 1115 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1115 24 have have VBP 34457 1115 25 studied study VBN 34457 1115 26 the the DT 34457 1115 27 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1115 28 of of IN 34457 1115 29 systems system NNS 34457 1115 30 consisting consist VBG 34457 1115 31 of of IN 34457 1115 32 only only RB 34457 1115 33 one one CD 34457 1115 34 component component NN 34457 1115 35 , , , 34457 1115 36 or or CC 34457 1115 37 systems system NNS 34457 1115 38 in in IN 34457 1115 39 which which WDT 34457 1115 40 all all PDT 34457 1115 41 the the DT 34457 1115 42 phases phase NNS 34457 1115 43 , , , 34457 1115 44 whether whether IN 34457 1115 45 solid solid JJ 34457 1115 46 , , , 34457 1115 47 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1115 48 , , , 34457 1115 49 or or CC 34457 1115 50 vapour vapour RB 34457 1115 51 , , , 34457 1115 52 had have VBD 34457 1115 53 the the DT 34457 1115 54 same same JJ 34457 1115 55 chemical chemical JJ 34457 1115 56 composition composition NN 34457 1115 57 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1115 58 p. p. NN 34457 1115 59 13 13 CD 34457 1115 60 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1115 61 . . . 34457 1116 1 In in IN 34457 1116 2 some some DT 34457 1116 3 cases case NNS 34457 1116 4 , , , 34457 1116 5 as as IN 34457 1116 6 , , , 34457 1116 7 for for IN 34457 1116 8 example example NN 34457 1116 9 , , , 34457 1116 10 in in IN 34457 1116 11 the the DT 34457 1116 12 case case NN 34457 1116 13 of of IN 34457 1116 14 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 1116 15 and and CC 34457 1116 16 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1116 17 , , , 34457 1116 18 the the DT 34457 1116 19 component component NN 34457 1116 20 was be VBD 34457 1116 21 an an DT 34457 1116 22 elementary elementary JJ 34457 1116 23 substance substance NN 34457 1116 24 ; ; : 34457 1116 25 in in IN 34457 1116 26 other other JJ 34457 1116 27 cases case NNS 34457 1116 28 , , , 34457 1116 29 however however RB 34457 1116 30 , , , 34457 1116 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1116 32 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1116 33 _ _ NNP 34457 1116 34 water water NN 34457 1116 35 , , , 34457 1116 36 the the DT 34457 1116 37 component component NN 34457 1116 38 was be VBD 34457 1116 39 a a DT 34457 1116 40 compound compound NN 34457 1116 41 . . . 34457 1117 1 The the DT 34457 1117 2 systems system NNS 34457 1117 3 which which WDT 34457 1117 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1117 5 now now RB 34457 1117 6 proceed proceed VBP 34457 1117 7 to to TO 34457 1117 8 study study VB 34457 1117 9 are be VBP 34457 1117 10 characterized characterize VBN 34457 1117 11 by by IN 34457 1117 12 the the DT 34457 1117 13 fact fact NN 34457 1117 14 that that IN 34457 1117 15 the the DT 34457 1117 16 different different JJ 34457 1117 17 phases phase NNS 34457 1117 18 have have VBP 34457 1117 19 no no RB 34457 1117 20 longer long RBR 34457 1117 21 all all PDT 34457 1117 22 the the DT 34457 1117 23 same same JJ 34457 1117 24 chemical chemical JJ 34457 1117 25 composition composition NN 34457 1117 26 , , , 34457 1117 27 and and CC 34457 1117 28 can can MD 34457 1117 29 not not RB 34457 1117 30 , , , 34457 1117 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 1117 32 , , , 34457 1117 33 according accord VBG 34457 1117 34 to to IN 34457 1117 35 definition definition NN 34457 1117 36 , , , 34457 1117 37 be be VB 34457 1117 38 considered consider VBN 34457 1117 39 as as IN 34457 1117 40 one one CD 34457 1117 41 - - HYPH 34457 1117 42 component component NN 34457 1117 43 systems system NNS 34457 1117 44 . . . 34457 1118 1 In in IN 34457 1118 2 most most JJS 34457 1118 3 cases case NNS 34457 1118 4 , , , 34457 1118 5 little little JJ 34457 1118 6 or or CC 34457 1118 7 no no DT 34457 1118 8 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 1118 9 will will MD 34457 1118 10 be be VB 34457 1118 11 experienced experience VBN 34457 1118 12 in in IN 34457 1118 13 deciding decide VBG 34457 1118 14 as as IN 34457 1118 15 to to IN 34457 1118 16 the the DT 34457 1118 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1118 18 number number NN 34457 1118 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1118 20 of of IN 34457 1118 21 the the DT 34457 1118 22 components component NNS 34457 1118 23 , , , 34457 1118 24 if if IN 34457 1118 25 the the DT 34457 1118 26 rules rule NNS 34457 1118 27 given give VBN 34457 1118 28 on on IN 34457 1118 29 pp pp NNP 34457 1118 30 . . . 34457 1119 1 12 12 CD 34457 1119 2 and and CC 34457 1119 3 13 13 CD 34457 1119 4 are be VBP 34457 1119 5 borne bear VBN 34457 1119 6 in in IN 34457 1119 7 mind mind NN 34457 1119 8 . . . 34457 1120 1 If if IN 34457 1120 2 the the DT 34457 1120 3 composition composition NN 34457 1120 4 of of IN 34457 1120 5 all all PDT 34457 1120 6 the the DT 34457 1120 7 phases phase NNS 34457 1120 8 , , , 34457 1120 9 each each DT 34457 1120 10 regarded regard VBN 34457 1120 11 as as IN 34457 1120 12 a a DT 34457 1120 13 whole whole NN 34457 1120 14 , , , 34457 1120 15 is be VBZ 34457 1120 16 the the DT 34457 1120 17 same same JJ 34457 1120 18 , , , 34457 1120 19 the the DT 34457 1120 20 system system NN 34457 1120 21 is be VBZ 34457 1120 22 to to TO 34457 1120 23 be be VB 34457 1120 24 regarded regard VBN 34457 1120 25 as as IN 34457 1120 26 of of IN 34457 1120 27 the the DT 34457 1120 28 first first JJ 34457 1120 29 order order NN 34457 1120 30 , , , 34457 1120 31 or or CC 34457 1120 32 a a DT 34457 1120 33 one one CD 34457 1120 34 - - HYPH 34457 1120 35 component component NN 34457 1120 36 system system NN 34457 1120 37 ; ; : 34457 1120 38 if if IN 34457 1120 39 the the DT 34457 1120 40 composition composition NN 34457 1120 41 of of IN 34457 1120 42 the the DT 34457 1120 43 different different JJ 34457 1120 44 phases phase NNS 34457 1120 45 varies vary VBZ 34457 1120 46 , , , 34457 1120 47 the the DT 34457 1120 48 system system NN 34457 1120 49 must must MD 34457 1120 50 contain contain VB 34457 1120 51 more more JJR 34457 1120 52 than than IN 34457 1120 53 one one CD 34457 1120 54 component component NN 34457 1120 55 . . . 34457 1121 1 If if IN 34457 1121 2 , , , 34457 1121 3 in in IN 34457 1121 4 order order NN 34457 1121 5 to to IN 34457 1121 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1121 7 express express NNP 34457 1121 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1121 9 the the DT 34457 1121 10 composition composition NN 34457 1121 11 of of IN 34457 1121 12 all all PDT 34457 1121 13 the the DT 34457 1121 14 phases phase NNS 34457 1121 15 present present JJ 34457 1121 16 when when WRB 34457 1121 17 the the DT 34457 1121 18 system system NN 34457 1121 19 is be VBZ 34457 1121 20 in in IN 34457 1121 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1121 22 , , , 34457 1121 23 two two CD 34457 1121 24 of of IN 34457 1121 25 the the DT 34457 1121 26 constituents constituent NNS 34457 1121 27 participating participate VBG 34457 1121 28 in in IN 34457 1121 29 the the DT 34457 1121 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1121 31 are be VBP 34457 1121 32 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1121 33 and and CC 34457 1121 34 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 1121 35 , , , 34457 1121 36 the the DT 34457 1121 37 system system NN 34457 1121 38 is be VBZ 34457 1121 39 one one CD 34457 1121 40 of of IN 34457 1121 41 two two CD 34457 1121 42 components component NNS 34457 1121 43 . . . 34457 1122 1 Which which WDT 34457 1122 2 two two CD 34457 1122 3 of of IN 34457 1122 4 the the DT 34457 1122 5 possible possible JJ 34457 1122 6 substances substance NNS 34457 1122 7 are be VBP 34457 1122 8 to to TO 34457 1122 9 be be VB 34457 1122 10 regarded regard VBN 34457 1122 11 as as IN 34457 1122 12 components component NNS 34457 1122 13 will will MD 34457 1122 14 , , , 34457 1122 15 however however RB 34457 1122 16 , , , 34457 1122 17 be be VB 34457 1122 18 to to IN 34457 1122 19 a a DT 34457 1122 20 certain certain JJ 34457 1122 21 extent extent NN 34457 1122 22 a a DT 34457 1122 23 matter matter NN 34457 1122 24 of of IN 34457 1122 25 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 34457 1122 26 choice choice NN 34457 1122 27 . . . 34457 1123 1 The the DT 34457 1123 2 principles principle NNS 34457 1123 3 affecting affect VBG 34457 1123 4 the the DT 34457 1123 5 choice choice NN 34457 1123 6 of of IN 34457 1123 7 components component NNS 34457 1123 8 will will MD 34457 1123 9 best best RB 34457 1123 10 be be VB 34457 1123 11 learned learn VBN 34457 1123 12 by by IN 34457 1123 13 a a DT 34457 1123 14 study study NN 34457 1123 15 of of IN 34457 1123 16 the the DT 34457 1123 17 examples example NNS 34457 1123 18 to to TO 34457 1123 19 be be VB 34457 1123 20 discussed discuss VBN 34457 1123 21 in in IN 34457 1123 22 the the DT 34457 1123 23 sequel sequel NN 34457 1123 24 . . . 34457 1124 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1124 2 77 77 CD 34457 1124 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1124 4 Different Different NNP 34457 1124 5 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 1124 6 of of IN 34457 1124 7 Two two CD 34457 1124 8 Components.--Applying components.--applye VBG 34457 1124 9 the the DT 34457 1124 10 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1124 11 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1124 12 P p NN 34457 1124 13 + + CC 34457 1124 14 F f NN 34457 1124 15 = = SYM 34457 1124 16 C c NN 34457 1124 17 + + CC 34457 1124 18 2 2 CD 34457 1124 19 to to IN 34457 1124 20 systems system NNS 34457 1124 21 of of IN 34457 1124 22 two two CD 34457 1124 23 components component NNS 34457 1124 24 , , , 34457 1124 25 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1124 26 see see VBP 34457 1124 27 that that IN 34457 1124 28 in in IN 34457 1124 29 order order NN 34457 1124 30 that that IN 34457 1124 31 the the DT 34457 1124 32 system system NN 34457 1124 33 may may MD 34457 1124 34 be be VB 34457 1124 35 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1124 36 , , , 34457 1124 37 there there EX 34457 1124 38 must must MD 34457 1124 39 be be VB 34457 1124 40 four four CD 34457 1124 41 phases phase NNS 34457 1124 42 in in IN 34457 1124 43 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1124 44 together together RB 34457 1124 45 ; ; : 34457 1124 46 two two CD 34457 1124 47 components component NNS 34457 1124 48 in in IN 34457 1124 49 three three CD 34457 1124 50 phases phase NNS 34457 1124 51 constitute constitute VBP 34457 1124 52 a a DT 34457 1124 53 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1124 54 , , , 34457 1124 55 two two CD 34457 1124 56 components component NNS 34457 1124 57 in in IN 34457 1124 58 two two CD 34457 1124 59 phases phase NNS 34457 1124 60 a a DT 34457 1124 61 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1124 62 system system NN 34457 1124 63 . . . 34457 1125 1 In in IN 34457 1125 2 the the DT 34457 1125 3 case case NN 34457 1125 4 of of IN 34457 1125 5 systems system NNS 34457 1125 6 of of IN 34457 1125 7 one one CD 34457 1125 8 component component NN 34457 1125 9 , , , 34457 1125 10 the the DT 34457 1125 11 highest high JJS 34457 1125 12 degree degree NN 34457 1125 13 of of IN 34457 1125 14 variability variability NN 34457 1125 15 found find VBN 34457 1125 16 was be VBD 34457 1125 17 two two CD 34457 1125 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1125 19 one one CD 34457 1125 20 component component NN 34457 1125 21 in in IN 34457 1125 22 one one CD 34457 1125 23 phase phase NN 34457 1125 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1125 25 ; ; : 34457 1125 26 but but CC 34457 1125 27 , , , 34457 1125 28 as as IN 34457 1125 29 is be VBZ 34457 1125 30 evident evident JJ 34457 1125 31 from from IN 34457 1125 32 the the DT 34457 1125 33 formula formula NN 34457 1125 34 , , , 34457 1125 35 there there EX 34457 1125 36 is be VBZ 34457 1125 37 a a DT 34457 1125 38 higher high JJR 34457 1125 39 degree degree NN 34457 1125 40 of of IN 34457 1125 41 freedom freedom NN 34457 1125 42 possible possible JJ 34457 1125 43 in in IN 34457 1125 44 the the DT 34457 1125 45 case case NN 34457 1125 46 of of IN 34457 1125 47 two two CD 34457 1125 48 - - HYPH 34457 1125 49 component component NN 34457 1125 50 systems system NNS 34457 1125 51 . . . 34457 1126 1 Two two CD 34457 1126 2 components component NNS 34457 1126 3 existing exist VBG 34457 1126 4 in in IN 34457 1126 5 only only RB 34457 1126 6 one one CD 34457 1126 7 phase phase NN 34457 1126 8 constitute constitute VBP 34457 1126 9 a a DT 34457 1126 10 tervariant tervariant JJ 34457 1126 11 system system NN 34457 1126 12 , , , 34457 1126 13 or or CC 34457 1126 14 a a DT 34457 1126 15 system system NN 34457 1126 16 with with IN 34457 1126 17 three three CD 34457 1126 18 degrees degree NNS 34457 1126 19 of of IN 34457 1126 20 freedom freedom NN 34457 1126 21 . . . 34457 1127 1 In in IN 34457 1127 2 addition addition NN 34457 1127 3 to to IN 34457 1127 4 the the DT 34457 1127 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 1127 6 and and CC 34457 1127 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 1127 8 , , , 34457 1127 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 1127 10 , , , 34457 1127 11 a a DT 34457 1127 12 third third JJ 34457 1127 13 variable variable JJ 34457 1127 14 factor factor NN 34457 1127 15 must must MD 34457 1127 16 be be VB 34457 1127 17 chosen choose VBN 34457 1127 18 , , , 34457 1127 19 and and CC 34457 1127 20 as as IN 34457 1127 21 such such JJ 34457 1127 22 there there EX 34457 1127 23 is be VBZ 34457 1127 24 taken take VBN 34457 1127 25 the the DT 34457 1127 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1127 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 1127 28 of of IN 34457 1127 29 the the DT 34457 1127 30 components component NNS 34457 1127 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1127 32 . . . 34457 1128 1 In in IN 34457 1128 2 systems system NNS 34457 1128 3 of of IN 34457 1128 4 two two CD 34457 1128 5 components component NNS 34457 1128 6 , , , 34457 1128 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1128 8 , , , 34457 1128 9 not not RB 34457 1128 10 only only RB 34457 1128 11 may may MD 34457 1128 12 there there EX 34457 1128 13 be be VB 34457 1128 14 change change NN 34457 1128 15 of of IN 34457 1128 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1128 17 and and CC 34457 1128 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1128 19 , , , 34457 1128 20 as as IN 34457 1128 21 in in IN 34457 1128 22 the the DT 34457 1128 23 case case NN 34457 1128 24 of of IN 34457 1128 25 one one CD 34457 1128 26 - - HYPH 34457 1128 27 component component NN 34457 1128 28 systems system NNS 34457 1128 29 , , , 34457 1128 30 but but CC 34457 1128 31 the the DT 34457 1128 32 concentration concentration NN 34457 1128 33 of of IN 34457 1128 34 the the DT 34457 1128 35 components component NNS 34457 1128 36 in in IN 34457 1128 37 the the DT 34457 1128 38 different different JJ 34457 1128 39 phases phase NNS 34457 1128 40 may may MD 34457 1128 41 also also RB 34457 1128 42 alter alter VB 34457 1128 43 ; ; : 34457 1128 44 a a DT 34457 1128 45 variation variation NN 34457 1128 46 which which WDT 34457 1128 47 did do VBD 34457 1128 48 not not RB 34457 1128 49 require require VB 34457 1128 50 to to TO 34457 1128 51 be be VB 34457 1128 52 considered consider VBN 34457 1128 53 in in IN 34457 1128 54 the the DT 34457 1128 55 case case NN 34457 1128 56 of of IN 34457 1128 57 one one CD 34457 1128 58 - - HYPH 34457 1128 59 component component NN 34457 1128 60 systems system NNS 34457 1128 61 . . . 34457 1129 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1129 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1129 3 : : : 34457 1129 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1129 5 . . . 34457 1130 1 18 18 CD 34457 1130 2 . . . 34457 1130 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1131 1 Since since IN 34457 1131 2 a a DT 34457 1131 3 two two CD 34457 1131 4 - - HYPH 34457 1131 5 component component NN 34457 1131 6 system system NN 34457 1131 7 may may MD 34457 1131 8 undergo undergo VB 34457 1131 9 three three CD 34457 1131 10 possible possible JJ 34457 1131 11 { { -LRB- 34457 1131 12 78 78 CD 34457 1131 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1131 14 independent independent JJ 34457 1131 15 variations variation NNS 34457 1131 16 , , , 34457 1131 17 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1131 18 should should MD 34457 1131 19 require require VB 34457 1131 20 for for IN 34457 1131 21 the the DT 34457 1131 22 graphic graphic JJ 34457 1131 23 representation representation NN 34457 1131 24 of of IN 34457 1131 25 all all PDT 34457 1131 26 the the DT 34457 1131 27 possible possible JJ 34457 1131 28 conditions condition NNS 34457 1131 29 of of IN 34457 1131 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1131 31 a a DT 34457 1131 32 system system NN 34457 1131 33 of of IN 34457 1131 34 three three CD 34457 1131 35 co co NNS 34457 1131 36 - - NNS 34457 1131 37 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 1131 38 in in IN 34457 1131 39 space space NN 34457 1131 40 , , , 34457 1131 41 three three CD 34457 1131 42 axes axis NNS 34457 1131 43 being be VBG 34457 1131 44 chosen choose VBN 34457 1131 45 , , , 34457 1131 46 say say VB 34457 1131 47 , , , 34457 1131 48 at at IN 34457 1131 49 right right JJ 34457 1131 50 angles angle NNS 34457 1131 51 to to IN 34457 1131 52 one one CD 34457 1131 53 another another DT 34457 1131 54 , , , 34457 1131 55 and and CC 34457 1131 56 representing represent VBG 34457 1131 57 the the DT 34457 1131 58 three three CD 34457 1131 59 variables variable NNS 34457 1131 60 -- -- : 34457 1131 61 pressure pressure NN 34457 1131 62 , , , 34457 1131 63 temperature temperature NN 34457 1131 64 , , , 34457 1131 65 and and CC 34457 1131 66 concentration concentration NN 34457 1131 67 of of IN 34457 1131 68 components component NNS 34457 1131 69 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1131 70 Fig fig NN 34457 1131 71 . . . 34457 1132 1 18 18 CD 34457 1132 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1132 3 . . . 34457 1133 1 A a DT 34457 1133 2 curve curve NN 34457 1133 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1133 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 5 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1133 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 7 AB AB NNP 34457 1133 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1133 9 in in IN 34457 1133 10 the the DT 34457 1133 11 plane plane NN 34457 1133 12 containing contain VBG 34457 1133 13 the the DT 34457 1133 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1133 15 and and CC 34457 1133 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1133 17 axes axis NNS 34457 1133 18 would would MD 34457 1133 19 then then RB 34457 1133 20 represent represent VB 34457 1133 21 the the DT 34457 1133 22 change change NN 34457 1133 23 of of IN 34457 1133 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1133 25 with with IN 34457 1133 26 the the DT 34457 1133 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 1133 28 , , , 34457 1133 29 the the DT 34457 1133 30 concentration concentration NN 34457 1133 31 remaining remain VBG 34457 1133 32 unaltered unaltered JJ 34457 1133 33 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1133 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 35 pt_-diagram pt_-diagram NNP 34457 1133 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1133 37 ; ; : 34457 1133 38 one one CD 34457 1133 39 in in IN 34457 1133 40 the the DT 34457 1133 41 plane plane NN 34457 1133 42 containing contain VBG 34457 1133 43 the the DT 34457 1133 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 1133 45 and and CC 34457 1133 46 concentration concentration NN 34457 1133 47 axes axis NNS 34457 1133 48 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1133 49 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 50 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1133 51 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 52 AF AF NNP 34457 1133 53 or or CC 34457 1133 54 DF DF NNP 34457 1133 55 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1133 56 , , , 34457 1133 57 the the DT 34457 1133 58 change change NN 34457 1133 59 of of IN 34457 1133 60 pressure pressure NN 34457 1133 61 with with IN 34457 1133 62 the the DT 34457 1133 63 concentration concentration NN 34457 1133 64 , , , 34457 1133 65 the the DT 34457 1133 66 temperature temperature NN 34457 1133 67 remaining remain VBG 34457 1133 68 constant constant JJ 34457 1133 69 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1133 70 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 71 pc_-diagram pc_-diagram NNP 34457 1133 72 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1133 73 , , , 34457 1133 74 while while IN 34457 1133 75 in in IN 34457 1133 76 the the DT 34457 1133 77 plane plane NN 34457 1133 78 containing contain VBG 34457 1133 79 the the DT 34457 1133 80 concentration concentration NN 34457 1133 81 and and CC 34457 1133 82 the the DT 34457 1133 83 temperature temperature NN 34457 1133 84 axes axis NNS 34457 1133 85 , , , 34457 1133 86 the the DT 34457 1133 87 simultaneous simultaneous JJ 34457 1133 88 change change NN 34457 1133 89 of of IN 34457 1133 90 these these DT 34457 1133 91 two two CD 34457 1133 92 factors factor NNS 34457 1133 93 at at IN 34457 1133 94 constant constant JJ 34457 1133 95 pressure pressure NN 34457 1133 96 would would MD 34457 1133 97 be be VB 34457 1133 98 represented represent VBN 34457 1133 99 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1133 100 _ _ NNP 34457 1133 101 tc_-diagram tc_-diagram NNP 34457 1133 102 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1133 103 . . . 34457 1134 1 If if IN 34457 1134 2 the the DT 34457 1134 3 points point NNS 34457 1134 4 on on IN 34457 1134 5 these these DT 34457 1134 6 three three CD 34457 1134 7 curves curve NNS 34457 1134 8 are be VBP 34457 1134 9 joined join VBN 34457 1134 10 together together RB 34457 1134 11 , , , 34457 1134 12 a a DT 34457 1134 13 surface surface NN 34457 1134 14 , , , 34457 1134 15 ABDE ABDE NNP 34457 1134 16 , , , 34457 1134 17 will will MD 34457 1134 18 be be VB 34457 1134 19 formed form VBN 34457 1134 20 , , , 34457 1134 21 and and CC 34457 1134 22 any any DT 34457 1134 23 line line NN 34457 1134 24 on on IN 34457 1134 25 that that DT 34457 1134 26 surface surface NN 34457 1134 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1134 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1134 29 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 1134 30 _ _ NNP 34457 1134 31 FG FG NNP 34457 1134 32 , , , 34457 1134 33 or or CC 34457 1134 34 GH GH NNP 34457 1134 35 , , , 34457 1134 36 or or CC 34457 1134 37 GI GI NNP 34457 1134 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1134 39 would would MD 34457 1134 40 represent represent VB 34457 1134 41 the the DT 34457 1134 42 simultaneous simultaneous JJ 34457 1134 43 variation variation NN 34457 1134 44 of of IN 34457 1134 45 the the DT 34457 1134 46 three three CD 34457 1134 47 factors factor NNS 34457 1134 48 -- -- : 34457 1134 49 pressure pressure NN 34457 1134 50 , , , 34457 1134 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 1134 52 , , , 34457 1134 53 concentration concentration NN 34457 1134 54 . . . 34457 1135 1 Although although IN 34457 1135 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1135 3 shall shall MD 34457 1135 4 at at IN 34457 1135 5 a a DT 34457 1135 6 later later JJ 34457 1135 7 point point NN 34457 1135 8 make make VBP 34457 1135 9 some some DT 34457 1135 10 use use NN 34457 1135 11 of of IN 34457 1135 12 these these DT 34457 1135 13 solid solid JJ 34457 1135 14 figures figure NNS 34457 1135 15 , , , 34457 1135 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1135 17 shall shall MD 34457 1135 18 for for IN 34457 1135 19 the the DT 34457 1135 20 present present JJ 34457 1135 21 employ employ NN 34457 1135 22 the the DT 34457 1135 23 more more RBR 34457 1135 24 readily readily RB 34457 1135 25 intelligible intelligible JJ 34457 1135 26 plane plane NN 34457 1135 27 diagram diagram NN 34457 1135 28 . . . 34457 1136 1 The the DT 34457 1136 2 number number NN 34457 1136 3 of of IN 34457 1136 4 different different JJ 34457 1136 5 systems system NNS 34457 1136 6 which which WDT 34457 1136 7 can can MD 34457 1136 8 be be VB 34457 1136 9 formed form VBN 34457 1136 10 from from IN 34457 1136 11 two two CD 34457 1136 12 components component NNS 34457 1136 13 , , , 34457 1136 14 as as RB 34457 1136 15 well well RB 34457 1136 16 as as IN 34457 1136 17 the the DT 34457 1136 18 number number NN 34457 1136 19 of of IN 34457 1136 20 the the DT 34457 1136 21 different different JJ 34457 1136 22 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1136 23 which which WDT 34457 1136 24 can can MD 34457 1136 25 there there EX 34457 1136 26 be be VB 34457 1136 27 observed observe VBN 34457 1136 28 , , , 34457 1136 29 is be VBZ 34457 1136 30 much much RB 34457 1136 31 greater great JJR 34457 1136 32 than than IN 34457 1136 33 in in IN 34457 1136 34 the the DT 34457 1136 35 case case NN 34457 1136 36 of of IN 34457 1136 37 one one CD 34457 1136 38 component component NN 34457 1136 39 . . . 34457 1137 1 In in IN 34457 1137 2 the the DT 34457 1137 3 case case NN 34457 1137 4 of of IN 34457 1137 5 no no DT 34457 1137 6 two two CD 34457 1137 7 substances substance NNS 34457 1137 8 , , , 34457 1137 9 however however RB 34457 1137 10 , , , 34457 1137 11 have have VBP 34457 1137 12 all all PDT 34457 1137 13 the the DT 34457 1137 14 possible possible JJ 34457 1137 15 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1137 16 been be VBN 34457 1137 17 studied study VBN 34457 1137 18 ; ; : 34457 1137 19 so so IN 34457 1137 20 that that IN 34457 1137 21 for for IN 34457 1137 22 the the DT 34457 1137 23 purpose purpose NN 34457 1137 24 of of IN 34457 1137 25 gaining gain VBG 34457 1137 26 an an DT 34457 1137 27 insight insight NN 34457 1137 28 into into IN 34457 1137 29 the the DT 34457 1137 30 very very RB 34457 1137 31 varied varied JJ 34457 1137 32 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1137 33 of of IN 34457 1137 34 two two CD 34457 1137 35 - - HYPH 34457 1137 36 component component NN 34457 1137 37 systems system NNS 34457 1137 38 , , , 34457 1137 39 a a DT 34457 1137 40 number number NN 34457 1137 41 of of IN 34457 1137 42 different different JJ 34457 1137 43 examples example NNS 34457 1137 44 will will MD 34457 1137 45 be be VB 34457 1137 46 discussed discuss VBN 34457 1137 47 , , , 34457 1137 48 each each DT 34457 1137 49 of of IN 34457 1137 50 which which WDT 34457 1137 51 will will MD 34457 1137 52 serve serve VB 34457 1137 53 to to TO 34457 1137 54 give give VB 34457 1137 55 a a DT 34457 1137 56 picture picture NN 34457 1137 57 of of IN 34457 1137 58 some some DT 34457 1137 59 of of IN 34457 1137 60 the the DT 34457 1137 61 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1137 62 . . . 34457 1138 1 Although although IN 34457 1138 2 the the DT 34457 1138 3 strict strict JJ 34457 1138 4 classification classification NN 34457 1138 5 of of IN 34457 1138 6 the the DT 34457 1138 7 different different JJ 34457 1138 8 systems system NNS 34457 1138 9 according accord VBG 34457 1138 10 to to IN 34457 1138 11 the the DT 34457 1138 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1138 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1138 14 would would MD 34457 1138 15 be be VB 34457 1138 16 based base VBN 34457 1138 17 on on IN 34457 1138 18 the the DT 34457 1138 19 variability variability NN 34457 1138 20 of of IN 34457 1138 21 the the DT 34457 1138 22 systems system NNS 34457 1138 23 , , , 34457 1138 24 the the DT 34457 1138 25 study study NN 34457 1138 26 of of IN 34457 1138 27 the the DT 34457 1138 28 many many JJ 34457 1138 29 different different JJ 34457 1138 30 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1138 31 , , , 34457 1138 32 and and CC 34457 1138 33 the the DT 34457 1138 34 correlation correlation NN 34457 1138 35 of of IN 34457 1138 36 the the DT 34457 1138 37 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 1138 38 large large JJ 34457 1138 39 number number NN 34457 1138 40 of of IN 34457 1138 41 different different JJ 34457 1138 42 systems system NNS 34457 1138 43 , , , 34457 1138 44 will will MD 34457 1138 45 probably probably RB 34457 1138 46 be be VB 34457 1138 47 rendered render VBN 34457 1138 48 easiest easiest RBS 34457 1138 49 by by IN 34457 1138 50 grouping group VBG 34457 1138 51 these these DT 34457 1138 52 different different JJ 34457 1138 53 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1138 54 into into IN 34457 1138 55 classes class NNS 34457 1138 56 , , , 34457 1138 57 each each DT 34457 1138 58 of of IN 34457 1138 59 these these DT 34457 1138 60 classes class NNS 34457 1138 61 being be VBG 34457 1138 62 studied study VBN 34457 1138 63 with with IN 34457 1138 64 the the DT 34457 1138 65 help help NN 34457 1138 66 of of IN 34457 1138 67 one one CD 34457 1138 68 or or CC 34457 1138 69 more more JJR 34457 1138 70 typical typical JJ 34457 1138 71 examples example NNS 34457 1138 72 . . . 34457 1139 1 The the DT 34457 1139 2 order order NN 34457 1139 3 of of IN 34457 1139 4 treatment treatment NN 34457 1139 5 adopted adopt VBN 34457 1139 6 here here RB 34457 1139 7 is be VBZ 34457 1139 8 , , , 34457 1139 9 of of IN 34457 1139 10 course course NN 34457 1139 11 , , , 34457 1139 12 quite quite RB 34457 1139 13 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 34457 1139 14 ; ; : 34457 1139 15 { { -LRB- 34457 1139 16 79 79 CD 34457 1139 17 } } -RRB- 34457 1139 18 but but CC 34457 1139 19 has have VBZ 34457 1139 20 been be VBN 34457 1139 21 selected select VBN 34457 1139 22 from from IN 34457 1139 23 considerations consideration NNS 34457 1139 24 of of IN 34457 1139 25 simplicity simplicity NN 34457 1139 26 and and CC 34457 1139 27 clearness clearness NN 34457 1139 28 . . . 34457 1140 1 PHENOMENA PHENOMENA NNP 34457 1140 2 OF of IN 34457 1140 3 DISSOCIATION DISSOCIATION NNP 34457 1140 4 . . . 34457 1141 1 Bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1141 2 Systems.--As Systems.--As NNP 34457 1141 3 the the DT 34457 1141 4 first first JJ 34457 1141 5 examples example NNS 34457 1141 6 of of IN 34457 1141 7 the the DT 34457 1141 8 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1141 9 between between IN 34457 1141 10 a a DT 34457 1141 11 substance substance NN 34457 1141 12 and and CC 34457 1141 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1141 14 products product NNS 34457 1141 15 of of IN 34457 1141 16 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1141 17 , , , 34457 1141 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1141 19 shall shall MD 34457 1141 20 consider consider VB 34457 1141 21 very very RB 34457 1141 22 briefly briefly RB 34457 1141 23 those those DT 34457 1141 24 cases case NNS 34457 1141 25 in in IN 34457 1141 26 which which WDT 34457 1141 27 there there EX 34457 1141 28 is be VBZ 34457 1141 29 one one CD 34457 1141 30 solid solid JJ 34457 1141 31 phase phase NN 34457 1141 32 in in IN 34457 1141 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1141 34 with with IN 34457 1141 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 1141 36 . . . 34457 1142 1 Reference reference NN 34457 1142 2 has have VBZ 34457 1142 3 already already RB 34457 1142 4 been be VBN 34457 1142 5 made make VBN 34457 1142 6 to to IN 34457 1142 7 such such JJ 34457 1142 8 systems system NNS 34457 1142 9 in in IN 34457 1142 10 the the DT 34457 1142 11 case case NN 34457 1142 12 of of IN 34457 1142 13 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1142 14 chloride chloride NN 34457 1142 15 . . . 34457 1143 1 On on IN 34457 1143 2 being be VBG 34457 1143 3 heated heat VBN 34457 1143 4 , , , 34457 1143 5 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1143 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 1143 7 dissociates dissociate VBZ 34457 1143 8 into into IN 34457 1143 9 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1143 10 and and CC 34457 1143 11 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 1143 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 1143 13 . . . 34457 1144 1 Since since IN 34457 1144 2 , , , 34457 1144 3 however however RB 34457 1144 4 , , , 34457 1144 5 in in IN 34457 1144 6 that that DT 34457 1144 7 case case NN 34457 1144 8 the the DT 34457 1144 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 1144 10 phase phase NN 34457 1144 11 has have VBZ 34457 1144 12 the the DT 34457 1144 13 same same JJ 34457 1144 14 total total JJ 34457 1144 15 composition composition NN 34457 1144 16 as as IN 34457 1144 17 the the DT 34457 1144 18 solid solid JJ 34457 1144 19 phase phase NN 34457 1144 20 , , , 34457 1144 21 viz viz NN 34457 1144 22 . . . 34457 1145 1 NH_{3 nh_{3 NN 34457 1145 2 } } -RRB- 34457 1145 3 + + CC 34457 1145 4 HCl HCl NNPS 34457 1145 5 = = SYM 34457 1145 6 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 1145 7 , , , 34457 1145 8 the the DT 34457 1145 9 system system NN 34457 1145 10 consists consist VBZ 34457 1145 11 of of IN 34457 1145 12 only only RB 34457 1145 13 one one CD 34457 1145 14 component component NN 34457 1145 15 existing exist VBG 34457 1145 16 in in IN 34457 1145 17 two two CD 34457 1145 18 phases phase NNS 34457 1145 19 ; ; : 34457 1145 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1145 21 is be VBZ 34457 1145 22 therefore therefore RB 34457 1145 23 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1145 24 , , , 34457 1145 25 and and CC 34457 1145 26 to to IN 34457 1145 27 each each DT 34457 1145 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 1145 29 there there EX 34457 1145 30 will will MD 34457 1145 31 correspond correspond VB 34457 1145 32 a a DT 34457 1145 33 definite definite JJ 34457 1145 34 vapour vapour NN 34457 1145 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 1145 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1145 37 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1145 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1145 39 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1145 40 . . . 34457 1146 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1146 2 146 146 CD 34457 1146 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1146 4 If if IN 34457 1146 5 , , , 34457 1146 6 however however RB 34457 1146 7 , , , 34457 1146 8 excess excess NN 34457 1146 9 of of IN 34457 1146 10 one one CD 34457 1146 11 of of IN 34457 1146 12 the the DT 34457 1146 13 products product NNS 34457 1146 14 of of IN 34457 1146 15 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1146 16 be be VB 34457 1146 17 added add VBN 34457 1146 18 , , , 34457 1146 19 the the DT 34457 1146 20 system system NN 34457 1146 21 becomes become VBZ 34457 1146 22 one one CD 34457 1146 23 of of IN 34457 1146 24 two two CD 34457 1146 25 components component NNS 34457 1146 26 . . . 34457 1147 1 In in IN 34457 1147 2 the the DT 34457 1147 3 first first JJ 34457 1147 4 place place NN 34457 1147 5 , , , 34457 1147 6 analysis analysis NN 34457 1147 7 of of IN 34457 1147 8 each each DT 34457 1147 9 of of IN 34457 1147 10 the the DT 34457 1147 11 two two CD 34457 1147 12 phases phase NNS 34457 1147 13 yields yield NNS 34457 1147 14 as as IN 34457 1147 15 the the DT 34457 1147 16 composition composition NN 34457 1147 17 of of IN 34457 1147 18 each each DT 34457 1147 19 , , , 34457 1147 20 solid solid JJ 34457 1147 21 : : : 34457 1147 22 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 1147 23 (= (= NNP 34457 1147 24 NH_{3 nh_{3 NN 34457 1147 25 } } -RRB- 34457 1147 26 + + CC 34457 1147 27 HCl HCl NNS 34457 1147 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1147 29 ; ; : 34457 1147 30 vapour vapour RB 34457 1147 31 : : : 34457 1147 32 _ _ NNP 34457 1147 33 m_NH_{3 m_NH_{3 NNP 34457 1147 34 } } -RRB- 34457 1147 35 + + CC 34457 1147 36 _ _ NNP 34457 1147 37 n_HCl n_HCl NNP 34457 1147 38 . . . 34457 1148 1 Obviously obviously RB 34457 1148 2 the the DT 34457 1148 3 smallest small JJS 34457 1148 4 number number NN 34457 1148 5 of of IN 34457 1148 6 substances substance NNS 34457 1148 7 by by IN 34457 1148 8 which which WDT 34457 1148 9 the the DT 34457 1148 10 composition composition NN 34457 1148 11 of of IN 34457 1148 12 the the DT 34457 1148 13 two two CD 34457 1148 14 phases phase NNS 34457 1148 15 can can MD 34457 1148 16 be be VB 34457 1148 17 expressed express VBN 34457 1148 18 is be VBZ 34457 1148 19 two two CD 34457 1148 20 ; ; : 34457 1148 21 that that RB 34457 1148 22 is is RB 34457 1148 23 , , , 34457 1148 24 the the DT 34457 1148 25 number number NN 34457 1148 26 of of IN 34457 1148 27 components component NNS 34457 1148 28 is be VBZ 34457 1148 29 two two CD 34457 1148 30 . . . 34457 1149 1 What what WP 34457 1149 2 , , , 34457 1149 3 then then RB 34457 1149 4 , , , 34457 1149 5 are be VBP 34457 1149 6 the the DT 34457 1149 7 components component NNS 34457 1149 8 ? ? . 34457 1150 1 The the DT 34457 1150 2 choice choice NN 34457 1150 3 lies lie VBZ 34457 1150 4 between between IN 34457 1150 5 NH_{3 nh_{3 NN 34457 1150 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1150 7 + + SYM 34457 1150 8 HCl HCl NNPS 34457 1150 9 , , , 34457 1150 10 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 1150 11 + + CC 34457 1150 12 NH_{3 NH_{3 NNP 34457 1150 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1150 14 , , , 34457 1150 15 and and CC 34457 1150 16 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 1150 17 + + CC 34457 1150 18 HCl HCl NNS 34457 1150 19 ; ; : 34457 1150 20 for for IN 34457 1150 21 the the DT 34457 1150 22 three three CD 34457 1150 23 substances substance NNS 34457 1150 24 , , , 34457 1150 25 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1150 26 chloride chloride NN 34457 1150 27 , , , 34457 1150 28 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1150 29 , , , 34457 1150 30 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 1150 31 chloride chloride NN 34457 1150 32 , , , 34457 1150 33 are be VBP 34457 1150 34 the the DT 34457 1150 35 only only JJ 34457 1150 36 ones one NNS 34457 1150 37 taking take VBG 34457 1150 38 part part NN 34457 1150 39 in in IN 34457 1150 40 the the DT 34457 1150 41 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1150 42 of of IN 34457 1150 43 the the DT 34457 1150 44 system system NN 34457 1150 45 . . . 34457 1151 1 Of of IN 34457 1151 2 these these DT 34457 1151 3 three three CD 34457 1151 4 pairs pair NNS 34457 1151 5 of of IN 34457 1151 6 components component NNS 34457 1151 7 , , , 34457 1151 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1151 9 should should MD 34457 1151 10 obviously obviously RB 34457 1151 11 choose choose VB 34457 1151 12 as as IN 34457 1151 13 the the DT 34457 1151 14 most most RBS 34457 1151 15 simple simple JJ 34457 1151 16 NH_{3 nh_{3 NN 34457 1151 17 } } -RRB- 34457 1151 18 and and CC 34457 1151 19 HCl HCl NNS 34457 1151 20 , , , 34457 1151 21 for for IN 34457 1151 22 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1151 23 can can MD 34457 1151 24 then then RB 34457 1151 25 represent represent VB 34457 1151 26 the the DT 34457 1151 27 composition composition NN 34457 1151 28 of of IN 34457 1151 29 the the DT 34457 1151 30 two two CD 34457 1151 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1151 32 as as IN 34457 1151 33 the the DT 34457 1151 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1151 35 sum sum NN 34457 1151 36 _ _ NNP 34457 1151 37 of of IN 34457 1151 38 the the DT 34457 1151 39 two two CD 34457 1151 40 components component NNS 34457 1151 41 . . . 34457 1152 1 If if IN 34457 1152 2 one one CD 34457 1152 3 of of IN 34457 1152 4 the the DT 34457 1152 5 other other JJ 34457 1152 6 two two CD 34457 1152 7 possible possible JJ 34457 1152 8 pairs pair NNS 34457 1152 9 of of IN 34457 1152 10 components component NNS 34457 1152 11 be be VB 34457 1152 12 chosen choose VBN 34457 1152 13 , , , 34457 1152 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1152 15 should should MD 34457 1152 16 have have VB 34457 1152 17 to to TO 34457 1152 18 introduce introduce VB 34457 1152 19 negative negative JJ 34457 1152 20 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1152 21 of of IN 34457 1152 22 one one CD 34457 1152 23 of of IN 34457 1152 24 the the DT 34457 1152 25 components component NNS 34457 1152 26 , , , 34457 1152 27 in in IN 34457 1152 28 order order NN 34457 1152 29 to to TO 34457 1152 30 represent represent VB 34457 1152 31 the the DT 34457 1152 32 composition composition NN 34457 1152 33 of of IN 34457 1152 34 the the DT 34457 1152 35 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1152 36 phase phase NN 34457 1152 37 . . . 34457 1153 1 Although although IN 34457 1153 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1153 3 must must MD 34457 1153 4 be be VB 34457 1153 5 allowed allow VBN 34457 1153 6 that that IN 34457 1153 7 the the DT 34457 1153 8 introduction introduction NN 34457 1153 9 of of IN 34457 1153 10 negative negative JJ 34457 1153 11 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1153 12 of of IN 34457 1153 13 a a DT 34457 1153 14 component component NN 34457 1153 15 in in IN 34457 1153 16 such such JJ 34457 1153 17 cases case NNS 34457 1153 18 is be VBZ 34457 1153 19 quite quite RB 34457 1153 20 permissible permissible JJ 34457 1153 21 , , , 34457 1153 22 still still RB 34457 1153 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1153 24 will will MD 34457 1153 25 be be VB 34457 1153 26 { { -LRB- 34457 1153 27 80 80 CD 34457 1153 28 } } -RRB- 34457 1153 29 better well JJR 34457 1153 30 to to TO 34457 1153 31 adopt adopt VB 34457 1153 32 the the DT 34457 1153 33 simpler simple JJR 34457 1153 34 and and CC 34457 1153 35 more more RBR 34457 1153 36 direct direct JJ 34457 1153 37 choice choice NN 34457 1153 38 , , , 34457 1153 39 whereby whereby WRB 34457 1153 40 the the DT 34457 1153 41 composition composition NN 34457 1153 42 of of IN 34457 1153 43 each each DT 34457 1153 44 of of IN 34457 1153 45 the the DT 34457 1153 46 phases phase NNS 34457 1153 47 is be VBZ 34457 1153 48 represented represent VBN 34457 1153 49 as as IN 34457 1153 50 a a DT 34457 1153 51 sum sum NN 34457 1153 52 of of IN 34457 1153 53 two two CD 34457 1153 54 components component NNS 34457 1153 55 in in IN 34457 1153 56 varying vary VBG 34457 1153 57 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1153 58 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1153 59 p. p. NN 34457 1153 60 12 12 CD 34457 1153 61 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1153 62 . . . 34457 1154 1 If if IN 34457 1154 2 , , , 34457 1154 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1154 4 , , , 34457 1154 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1154 6 have have VBP 34457 1154 7 a a DT 34457 1154 8 solid solid JJ 34457 1154 9 substance substance NN 34457 1154 10 , , , 34457 1154 11 such such JJ 34457 1154 12 as as IN 34457 1154 13 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1154 14 chloride chloride NN 34457 1154 15 , , , 34457 1154 16 which which WDT 34457 1154 17 dissociates dissociate VBZ 34457 1154 18 on on IN 34457 1154 19 volatilization volatilization NN 34457 1154 20 , , , 34457 1154 21 and and CC 34457 1154 22 if if IN 34457 1154 23 the the DT 34457 1154 24 products product NNS 34457 1154 25 of of IN 34457 1154 26 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1154 27 are be VBP 34457 1154 28 added add VBN 34457 1154 29 in in IN 34457 1154 30 varying vary VBG 34457 1154 31 amounts amount NNS 34457 1154 32 to to IN 34457 1154 33 the the DT 34457 1154 34 system system NN 34457 1154 35 , , , 34457 1154 36 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1154 37 shall shall MD 34457 1154 38 have have VB 34457 1154 39 , , , 34457 1154 40 in in IN 34457 1154 41 the the DT 34457 1154 42 sense sense NN 34457 1154 43 of of IN 34457 1154 44 the the DT 34457 1154 45 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1154 46 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1154 47 , , , 34457 1154 48 a a DT 34457 1154 49 _ _ NNP 34457 1154 50 two two CD 34457 1154 51 - - HYPH 34457 1154 52 component component NN 34457 1154 53 system system NN 34457 1154 54 existing exist VBG 34457 1154 55 in in IN 34457 1154 56 two two CD 34457 1154 57 phases phase NNS 34457 1154 58 _ _ NNP 34457 1154 59 . . . 34457 1155 1 Such such PDT 34457 1155 2 a a DT 34457 1155 3 system system NN 34457 1155 4 will will MD 34457 1155 5 possess possess VB 34457 1155 6 two two CD 34457 1155 7 degrees degree NNS 34457 1155 8 of of IN 34457 1155 9 freedom freedom NN 34457 1155 10 . . . 34457 1156 1 At at IN 34457 1156 2 any any DT 34457 1156 3 given give VBN 34457 1156 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1156 5 , , , 34457 1156 6 not not RB 34457 1156 7 only only RB 34457 1156 8 the the DT 34457 1156 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1156 10 , , , 34457 1156 11 but but CC 34457 1156 12 also also RB 34457 1156 13 the the DT 34457 1156 14 composition composition NN 34457 1156 15 , , , 34457 1156 16 of of IN 34457 1156 17 the the DT 34457 1156 18 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1156 19 - - HYPH 34457 1156 20 phase phase NN 34457 1156 21 , , , 34457 1156 22 _ _ NNP 34457 1156 23 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1156 24 _ _ NNP 34457 1156 25 the the DT 34457 1156 26 concentration concentration NN 34457 1156 27 of of IN 34457 1156 28 the the DT 34457 1156 29 components component NNS 34457 1156 30 , , , 34457 1156 31 can can MD 34457 1156 32 vary vary VB 34457 1156 33 . . . 34457 1157 1 Only only RB 34457 1157 2 after after IN 34457 1157 3 one one CD 34457 1157 4 of of IN 34457 1157 5 these these DT 34457 1157 6 independent independent JJ 34457 1157 7 variables variable NNS 34457 1157 8 , , , 34457 1157 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1157 10 or or CC 34457 1157 11 composition composition NN 34457 1157 12 , , , 34457 1157 13 has have VBZ 34457 1157 14 been be VBN 34457 1157 15 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 1157 16 fixed fix VBN 34457 1157 17 does do VBZ 34457 1157 18 the the DT 34457 1157 19 system system NN 34457 1157 20 become become VB 34457 1157 21 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1157 22 , , , 34457 1157 23 and and CC 34457 1157 24 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1157 25 a a DT 34457 1157 26 definite definite JJ 34457 1157 27 , , , 34457 1157 28 constant constant JJ 34457 1157 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 1157 30 at at IN 34457 1157 31 a a DT 34457 1157 32 given give VBN 34457 1157 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 1157 34 . . . 34457 1158 1 Now now RB 34457 1158 2 , , , 34457 1158 3 although although IN 34457 1158 4 the the DT 34457 1158 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1158 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1158 7 informs inform VBZ 34457 1158 8 us -PRON- PRP 34457 1158 9 that that IN 34457 1158 10 at at IN 34457 1158 11 a a DT 34457 1158 12 given give VBN 34457 1158 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 1158 14 change change NN 34457 1158 15 of of IN 34457 1158 16 composition composition NN 34457 1158 17 of of IN 34457 1158 18 the the DT 34457 1158 19 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1158 20 phase phase NN 34457 1158 21 will will MD 34457 1158 22 be be VB 34457 1158 23 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1158 24 by by IN 34457 1158 25 change change NN 34457 1158 26 of of IN 34457 1158 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 1158 28 , , , 34457 1158 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1158 30 does do VBZ 34457 1158 31 not not RB 34457 1158 32 cast cast VB 34457 1158 33 any any DT 34457 1158 34 light light NN 34457 1158 35 on on IN 34457 1158 36 the the DT 34457 1158 37 relation relation NN 34457 1158 38 between between IN 34457 1158 39 these these DT 34457 1158 40 two two CD 34457 1158 41 variables variable NNS 34457 1158 42 . . . 34457 1159 1 This this DT 34457 1159 2 relationship relationship NN 34457 1159 3 , , , 34457 1159 4 however however RB 34457 1159 5 , , , 34457 1159 6 can can MD 34457 1159 7 be be VB 34457 1159 8 calculated calculate VBN 34457 1159 9 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 1159 10 by by IN 34457 1159 11 means mean NNS 34457 1159 12 of of IN 34457 1159 13 the the DT 34457 1159 14 Law Law NNP 34457 1159 15 of of IN 34457 1159 16 Mass Mass NNP 34457 1159 17 Action Action NNP 34457 1159 18 . . . 34457 1160 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1160 2 147 147 CD 34457 1160 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1160 4 From from IN 34457 1160 5 this this DT 34457 1160 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1160 7 learn learn VBP 34457 1160 8 that that IN 34457 1160 9 in in IN 34457 1160 10 the the DT 34457 1160 11 case case NN 34457 1160 12 of of IN 34457 1160 13 a a DT 34457 1160 14 substance substance NN 34457 1160 15 which which WDT 34457 1160 16 dissociates dissociate VBZ 34457 1160 17 into into IN 34457 1160 18 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 1160 19 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1160 20 of of IN 34457 1160 21 two two CD 34457 1160 22 gases gas NNS 34457 1160 23 , , , 34457 1160 24 the the DT 34457 1160 25 product product NN 34457 1160 26 of of IN 34457 1160 27 the the DT 34457 1160 28 partial partial JJ 34457 1160 29 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1160 30 of of IN 34457 1160 31 the the DT 34457 1160 32 gases gas NNS 34457 1160 33 is be VBZ 34457 1160 34 constant constant JJ 34457 1160 35 at at IN 34457 1160 36 a a DT 34457 1160 37 given give VBN 34457 1160 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 1160 39 . . . 34457 1161 1 This this DT 34457 1161 2 has have VBZ 34457 1161 3 been be VBN 34457 1161 4 proved prove VBN 34457 1161 5 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1161 6 in in IN 34457 1161 7 the the DT 34457 1161 8 case case NN 34457 1161 9 of of IN 34457 1161 10 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1161 11 hydrosulphide hydrosulphide NN 34457 1161 12 , , , 34457 1161 13 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1161 14 cyanide cyanide NN 34457 1161 15 , , , 34457 1161 16 phosphonium phosphonium NN 34457 1161 17 bromide bromide NN 34457 1161 18 , , , 34457 1161 19 and and CC 34457 1161 20 other other JJ 34457 1161 21 substances substance NNS 34457 1161 22 . . . 34457 1162 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1162 2 148 148 CD 34457 1162 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1162 4 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 1162 5 Systems.--In Systems.--In NNP 34457 1162 6 order order NN 34457 1162 7 that that IN 34457 1162 8 a a DT 34457 1162 9 system system NN 34457 1162 10 of of IN 34457 1162 11 two two CD 34457 1162 12 components component NNS 34457 1162 13 shall shall MD 34457 1162 14 possess possess VB 34457 1162 15 only only RB 34457 1162 16 one one CD 34457 1162 17 degree degree NN 34457 1162 18 of of IN 34457 1162 19 freedom freedom NN 34457 1162 20 , , , 34457 1162 21 three three CD 34457 1162 22 phases phase NNS 34457 1162 23 must must MD 34457 1162 24 be be VB 34457 1162 25 present present JJ 34457 1162 26 . . . 34457 1163 1 Of of IN 34457 1163 2 such such JJ 34457 1163 3 systems system NNS 34457 1163 4 , , , 34457 1163 5 there there EX 34457 1163 6 are be VBP 34457 1163 7 seven seven CD 34457 1163 8 possible possible JJ 34457 1163 9 , , , 34457 1163 10 viz viz NN 34457 1163 11 . . . 34457 1164 1 S S NNP 34457 1164 2 - - HYPH 34457 1164 3 S S NNP 34457 1164 4 - - HYPH 34457 1164 5 S S NNP 34457 1164 6 , , , 34457 1164 7 S S NNP 34457 1164 8 - - HYPH 34457 1164 9 S S NNP 34457 1164 10 - - HYPH 34457 1164 11 L L NNP 34457 1164 12 , , , 34457 1164 13 S S NNP 34457 1164 14 - - HYPH 34457 1164 15 S S NNP 34457 1164 16 - - HYPH 34457 1164 17 V V NNP 34457 1164 18 , , , 34457 1164 19 L L NNP 34457 1164 20 - - HYPH 34457 1164 21 L L NNP 34457 1164 22 - - HYPH 34457 1164 23 L L NNP 34457 1164 24 , , , 34457 1164 25 S S NNP 34457 1164 26 - - HYPH 34457 1164 27 L L NNP 34457 1164 28 - - HYPH 34457 1164 29 L L NNP 34457 1164 30 , , , 34457 1164 31 L L NNP 34457 1164 32 - - HYPH 34457 1164 33 L L NNP 34457 1164 34 - - HYPH 34457 1164 35 V V NNP 34457 1164 36 , , , 34457 1164 37 S S NNP 34457 1164 38 - - HYPH 34457 1164 39 L L NNP 34457 1164 40 - - HYPH 34457 1164 41 V v NN 34457 1164 42 ; ; : 34457 1164 43 S S NNP 34457 1164 44 denoting denote VBG 34457 1164 45 solid solid JJ 34457 1164 46 , , , 34457 1164 47 L l NN 34457 1164 48 liquid liquid NN 34457 1164 49 , , , 34457 1164 50 and and CC 34457 1164 51 V v NN 34457 1164 52 vapour vapour NN 34457 1164 53 . . . 34457 1165 1 In in IN 34457 1165 2 the the DT 34457 1165 3 present present JJ 34457 1165 4 chapter chapter NN 34457 1165 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1165 6 shall shall MD 34457 1165 7 consider consider VB 34457 1165 8 only only RB 34457 1165 9 the the DT 34457 1165 10 systems system NNS 34457 1165 11 S S NNP 34457 1165 12 - - HYPH 34457 1165 13 S S NNP 34457 1165 14 - - HYPH 34457 1165 15 V V NNP 34457 1165 16 , , , 34457 1165 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1165 18 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1165 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1165 20 those those DT 34457 1165 21 systems system NNS 34457 1165 22 in in IN 34457 1165 23 which which WDT 34457 1165 24 there there EX 34457 1165 25 are be VBP 34457 1165 26 two two CD 34457 1165 27 solid solid JJ 34457 1165 28 phases phase NNS 34457 1165 29 and and CC 34457 1165 30 a a DT 34457 1165 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 1165 32 phase phase NN 34457 1165 33 present present JJ 34457 1165 34 . . . 34457 1166 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1166 2 81 81 CD 34457 1166 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1166 4 As as IN 34457 1166 5 an an DT 34457 1166 6 example example NN 34457 1166 7 of of IN 34457 1166 8 this this DT 34457 1166 9 , , , 34457 1166 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1166 11 may may MD 34457 1166 12 first first RB 34457 1166 13 consider consider VB 34457 1166 14 the the DT 34457 1166 15 well well RB 34457 1166 16 - - HYPH 34457 1166 17 known know VBN 34457 1166 18 case case NN 34457 1166 19 of of IN 34457 1166 20 the the DT 34457 1166 21 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1166 22 of of IN 34457 1166 23 calcium calcium NN 34457 1166 24 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1166 25 . . . 34457 1167 1 This this DT 34457 1167 2 substance substance NN 34457 1167 3 on on IN 34457 1167 4 being be VBG 34457 1167 5 heated heat VBN 34457 1167 6 dissociates dissociate NNS 34457 1167 7 into into IN 34457 1167 8 calcium calcium NN 34457 1167 9 oxide oxide NN 34457 1167 10 , , , 34457 1167 11 or or CC 34457 1167 12 quick quick JJ 34457 1167 13 - - HYPH 34457 1167 14 lime lime NN 34457 1167 15 , , , 34457 1167 16 and and CC 34457 1167 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 1167 18 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1167 19 , , , 34457 1167 20 as as IN 34457 1167 21 shown show VBN 34457 1167 22 by by IN 34457 1167 23 the the DT 34457 1167 24 equation equation NN 34457 1167 25 CaCO_{3 CaCO_{3 NNP 34457 1167 26 } } -RRB- 34457 1167 27 < < XX 34457 1167 28 -- -- : 34457 1167 29 > > XX 34457 1167 30 CaO CaO NNP 34457 1167 31 + + SYM 34457 1167 32 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 1167 33 } } -RRB- 34457 1167 34 . . . 34457 1168 1 In in IN 34457 1168 2 accordance accordance NN 34457 1168 3 with with IN 34457 1168 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1168 5 definition definition NN 34457 1168 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1168 7 p. p. NN 34457 1168 8 9 9 CD 34457 1168 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1168 10 , , , 34457 1168 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1168 12 have have VBP 34457 1168 13 here here RB 34457 1168 14 two two CD 34457 1168 15 solid solid JJ 34457 1168 16 phases phase NNS 34457 1168 17 , , , 34457 1168 18 the the DT 34457 1168 19 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1168 20 and and CC 34457 1168 21 the the DT 34457 1168 22 quick quick RB 34457 1168 23 - - HYPH 34457 1168 24 lime lime NN 34457 1168 25 , , , 34457 1168 26 and and CC 34457 1168 27 one one CD 34457 1168 28 vapour vapour NN 34457 1168 29 phase phase NN 34457 1168 30 ; ; : 34457 1168 31 the the DT 34457 1168 32 system system NN 34457 1168 33 is be VBZ 34457 1168 34 therefore therefore RB 34457 1168 35 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1168 36 . . . 34457 1169 1 To to IN 34457 1169 2 each each DT 34457 1169 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1169 4 , , , 34457 1169 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1169 6 , , , 34457 1169 7 there there EX 34457 1169 8 will will MD 34457 1169 9 correspond correspond VB 34457 1169 10 a a DT 34457 1169 11 certain certain JJ 34457 1169 12 , , , 34457 1169 13 definite definite JJ 34457 1169 14 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1169 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1169 16 of of IN 34457 1169 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 1169 18 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1169 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1169 20 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1169 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 1169 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1169 23 , , , 34457 1169 24 and and CC 34457 1169 25 this this DT 34457 1169 26 will will MD 34457 1169 27 follow follow VB 34457 1169 28 the the DT 34457 1169 29 same same JJ 34457 1169 30 law law NN 34457 1169 31 as as IN 34457 1169 32 the the DT 34457 1169 33 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1169 34 pressure pressure NN 34457 1169 35 of of IN 34457 1169 36 a a DT 34457 1169 37 pure pure JJ 34457 1169 38 liquid liquid NN 34457 1169 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1169 40 p. p. NN 34457 1169 41 21 21 CD 34457 1169 42 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1169 43 . . . 34457 1170 1 More more RBR 34457 1170 2 particularly particularly RB 34457 1170 3 , , , 34457 1170 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1170 5 will will MD 34457 1170 6 be be VB 34457 1170 7 independent independent JJ 34457 1170 8 of of IN 34457 1170 9 the the DT 34457 1170 10 relative relative JJ 34457 1170 11 or or CC 34457 1170 12 absolute absolute JJ 34457 1170 13 amounts amount NNS 34457 1170 14 of of IN 34457 1170 15 the the DT 34457 1170 16 two two CD 34457 1170 17 solid solid JJ 34457 1170 18 phases phase NNS 34457 1170 19 , , , 34457 1170 20 and and CC 34457 1170 21 of of IN 34457 1170 22 the the DT 34457 1170 23 volume volume NN 34457 1170 24 of of IN 34457 1170 25 the the DT 34457 1170 26 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1170 27 phase phase NN 34457 1170 28 . . . 34457 1171 1 If if IN 34457 1171 2 the the DT 34457 1171 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1171 4 is be VBZ 34457 1171 5 maintained maintain VBN 34457 1171 6 constant constant JJ 34457 1171 7 , , , 34457 1171 8 increase increase NN 34457 1171 9 of of IN 34457 1171 10 volume volume NN 34457 1171 11 will will MD 34457 1171 12 cause cause VB 34457 1171 13 the the DT 34457 1171 14 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1171 15 of of IN 34457 1171 16 a a DT 34457 1171 17 further further JJ 34457 1171 18 amount amount NN 34457 1171 19 of of IN 34457 1171 20 the the DT 34457 1171 21 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1171 22 until until IN 34457 1171 23 the the DT 34457 1171 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1171 25 again again RB 34457 1171 26 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1171 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1171 28 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1171 29 value value NN 34457 1171 30 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1171 31 to to IN 34457 1171 32 the the DT 34457 1171 33 given give VBN 34457 1171 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 1171 35 . . . 34457 1172 1 Diminution diminution NN 34457 1172 2 of of IN 34457 1172 3 volume volume NN 34457 1172 4 , , , 34457 1172 5 on on IN 34457 1172 6 the the DT 34457 1172 7 other other JJ 34457 1172 8 hand hand NN 34457 1172 9 , , , 34457 1172 10 will will MD 34457 1172 11 bring bring VB 34457 1172 12 about about RP 34457 1172 13 the the DT 34457 1172 14 combination combination NN 34457 1172 15 of of IN 34457 1172 16 a a DT 34457 1172 17 certain certain JJ 34457 1172 18 quantity quantity NN 34457 1172 19 of of IN 34457 1172 20 the the DT 34457 1172 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 1172 22 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1172 23 with with IN 34457 1172 24 the the DT 34457 1172 25 calcium calcium NN 34457 1172 26 oxide oxide NN 34457 1172 27 until until IN 34457 1172 28 the the DT 34457 1172 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 1172 30 again again RB 34457 1172 31 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1172 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1172 33 original original JJ 34457 1172 34 value value NN 34457 1172 35 . . . 34457 1173 1 The the DT 34457 1173 2 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1173 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 1173 4 of of IN 34457 1173 5 calcium calcium NN 34457 1173 6 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1173 7 was be VBD 34457 1173 8 first first RB 34457 1173 9 studied study VBN 34457 1173 10 by by IN 34457 1173 11 Debray,[149 Debray,[149 NNP 34457 1173 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1173 13 but but CC 34457 1173 14 more more JJR 34457 1173 15 exact exact JJ 34457 1173 16 measurements measurement NNS 34457 1173 17 have have VBP 34457 1173 18 been be VBN 34457 1173 19 made make VBN 34457 1173 20 by by IN 34457 1173 21 Le Le NNP 34457 1173 22 Chatelier,[150 Chatelier,[150 NNP 34457 1173 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1173 24 who who WP 34457 1173 25 found find VBD 34457 1173 26 the the DT 34457 1173 27 following follow VBG 34457 1173 28 corresponding corresponding JJ 34457 1173 29 values value NNS 34457 1173 30 of of IN 34457 1173 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 1173 32 and and CC 34457 1173 33 pressure:-- pressure:-- : 34457 1173 34 -------------+------------------------- -------------+------------------------- HYPH 34457 1173 35 | | NNS 34457 1173 36 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1173 37 . . . 34457 1174 1 | | NNP 34457 1174 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1174 3 in in IN 34457 1174 4 cm cm NNP 34457 1174 5 . . . 34457 1175 1 mercury mercury NNP 34457 1175 2 . . . 34457 1176 1 -------------+------------------------- -------------+------------------------- : 34457 1176 2 | | NNP 34457 1176 3 547 547â CD 34457 1176 4 ° ° , 34457 1176 5 | | CD 34457 1176 6 2.7 2.7 CD 34457 1176 7 610 610â CD 34457 1176 8 ° ° , 34457 1176 9 | | CD 34457 1176 10 4.6 4.6 CD 34457 1176 11 625 625â CD 34457 1176 12 ° ° , 34457 1176 13 | | CD 34457 1176 14 5.6 5.6 CD 34457 1176 15 740 740â CD 34457 1176 16 ° ° , 34457 1176 17 | | CD 34457 1176 18 25.5 25.5 CD 34457 1176 19 745 745â CD 34457 1176 20 ° ° , 34457 1176 21 | | CD 34457 1176 22 28.9 28.9 CD 34457 1176 23 810 810â CD 34457 1176 24 ° ° , 34457 1176 25 | | CD 34457 1176 26 67.8 67.8 CD 34457 1176 27 812 812â CD 34457 1176 28 ° ° , 34457 1176 29 | | NNP 34457 1176 30 76.3 76.3 CD 34457 1176 31 865 865â CD 34457 1176 32 ° ° , 34457 1176 33 | | CD 34457 1176 34 133.3 133.3 CD 34457 1176 35 -------------+------------------------- -------------+------------------------- : 34457 1176 36 From from IN 34457 1176 37 this this DT 34457 1176 38 table table NN 34457 1176 39 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1176 40 see see VBP 34457 1176 41 that that IN 34457 1176 42 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1176 43 is be VBZ 34457 1176 44 only only RB 34457 1176 45 at at IN 34457 1176 46 a a DT 34457 1176 47 temperature temperature NN 34457 1176 48 of of IN 34457 1176 49 about about RB 34457 1176 50 812 812â CD 34457 1176 51 ° ° NNS 34457 1176 52 that that IN 34457 1176 53 the the DT 34457 1176 54 pressure pressure NN 34457 1176 55 of of IN 34457 1176 56 the the DT 34457 1176 57 carbon carbon NN 34457 1176 58 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1176 59 becomes become VBZ 34457 1176 60 equal equal JJ 34457 1176 61 to to IN 34457 1176 62 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1176 63 pressure pressure NN 34457 1176 64 . . . 34457 1177 1 In in IN 34457 1177 2 a a DT 34457 1177 3 vessel vessel NN 34457 1177 4 open open JJ 34457 1177 5 to to IN 34457 1177 6 { { -LRB- 34457 1177 7 82 82 CD 34457 1177 8 } } -RRB- 34457 1177 9 the the DT 34457 1177 10 air air NN 34457 1177 11 , , , 34457 1177 12 therefore therefore RB 34457 1177 13 , , , 34457 1177 14 the the DT 34457 1177 15 complete complete JJ 34457 1177 16 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 1177 17 of of IN 34457 1177 18 the the DT 34457 1177 19 calcium calcium NN 34457 1177 20 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1177 21 would would MD 34457 1177 22 not not RB 34457 1177 23 take take VB 34457 1177 24 place place NN 34457 1177 25 below below IN 34457 1177 26 this this DT 34457 1177 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 1177 28 by by IN 34457 1177 29 the the DT 34457 1177 30 mere mere JJ 34457 1177 31 heating heating NN 34457 1177 32 of of IN 34457 1177 33 the the DT 34457 1177 34 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1177 35 . . . 34457 1178 1 If if IN 34457 1178 2 , , , 34457 1178 3 however however RB 34457 1178 4 , , , 34457 1178 5 the the DT 34457 1178 6 carbon carbon NN 34457 1178 7 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1178 8 is be VBZ 34457 1178 9 removed remove VBN 34457 1178 10 as as RB 34457 1178 11 quickly quickly RB 34457 1178 12 as as IN 34457 1178 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1178 14 is be VBZ 34457 1178 15 formed form VBN 34457 1178 16 , , , 34457 1178 17 say say VB 34457 1178 18 by by IN 34457 1178 19 a a DT 34457 1178 20 current current NN 34457 1178 21 of of IN 34457 1178 22 air air NN 34457 1178 23 , , , 34457 1178 24 then then RB 34457 1178 25 the the DT 34457 1178 26 entire entire JJ 34457 1178 27 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 1178 28 can can MD 34457 1178 29 be be VB 34457 1178 30 made make VBN 34457 1178 31 to to TO 34457 1178 32 take take VB 34457 1178 33 place place NN 34457 1178 34 at at IN 34457 1178 35 a a DT 34457 1178 36 much much RB 34457 1178 37 lower low JJR 34457 1178 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 1178 39 . . . 34457 1179 1 For for IN 34457 1179 2 the the DT 34457 1179 3 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1179 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1179 5 of of IN 34457 1179 6 the the DT 34457 1179 7 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1179 8 depends depend VBZ 34457 1179 9 only only RB 34457 1179 10 on on IN 34457 1179 11 the the DT 34457 1179 12 partial partial JJ 34457 1179 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1179 14 of of IN 34457 1179 15 the the DT 34457 1179 16 carbon carbon NN 34457 1179 17 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1179 18 , , , 34457 1179 19 and and CC 34457 1179 20 if if IN 34457 1179 21 this this DT 34457 1179 22 is be VBZ 34457 1179 23 kept keep VBN 34457 1179 24 small small JJ 34457 1179 25 , , , 34457 1179 26 then then RB 34457 1179 27 the the DT 34457 1179 28 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 1179 29 can can MD 34457 1179 30 proceed proceed VB 34457 1179 31 , , , 34457 1179 32 even even RB 34457 1179 33 at at IN 34457 1179 34 a a DT 34457 1179 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 1179 36 below below IN 34457 1179 37 that that DT 34457 1179 38 at at IN 34457 1179 39 which which WDT 34457 1179 40 the the DT 34457 1179 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 1179 42 of of IN 34457 1179 43 the the DT 34457 1179 44 carbon carbon NN 34457 1179 45 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1179 46 is be VBZ 34457 1179 47 less less JJR 34457 1179 48 than than IN 34457 1179 49 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1179 50 pressure pressure NN 34457 1179 51 . . . 34457 1180 1 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 1180 2 Compounds Compounds NNPS 34457 1180 3 of of IN 34457 1180 4 Metal Metal NNP 34457 1180 5 Chlorides.--Ammonia Chlorides.--Ammonia NNP 34457 1180 6 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1180 7 the the DT 34457 1180 8 property property NN 34457 1180 9 of of IN 34457 1180 10 combining combine VBG 34457 1180 11 with with IN 34457 1180 12 various various JJ 34457 1180 13 substances substance NNS 34457 1180 14 , , , 34457 1180 15 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 1180 16 the the DT 34457 1180 17 halides halide NNS 34457 1180 18 of of IN 34457 1180 19 metals metal NNS 34457 1180 20 , , , 34457 1180 21 to to TO 34457 1180 22 form form VB 34457 1180 23 compounds compound NNS 34457 1180 24 which which WDT 34457 1180 25 again again RB 34457 1180 26 yield yield VBP 34457 1180 27 up up RP 34457 1180 28 the the DT 34457 1180 29 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1180 30 on on IN 34457 1180 31 being be VBG 34457 1180 32 heated heat VBN 34457 1180 33 . . . 34457 1181 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1181 2 , , , 34457 1181 3 for for IN 34457 1181 4 example example NN 34457 1181 5 , , , 34457 1181 6 on on IN 34457 1181 7 passing pass VBG 34457 1181 8 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1181 9 over over IN 34457 1181 10 silver silver NN 34457 1181 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 1181 12 , , , 34457 1181 13 absorption absorption NN 34457 1181 14 of of IN 34457 1181 15 the the DT 34457 1181 16 gas gas NN 34457 1181 17 takes take VBZ 34457 1181 18 place place NN 34457 1181 19 with with IN 34457 1181 20 formation formation NN 34457 1181 21 of of IN 34457 1181 22 the the DT 34457 1181 23 substances substance NNS 34457 1181 24 AgCl,3NH_{3 agcl,3nh_{3 JJ 34457 1181 25 } } -RRB- 34457 1181 26 and and CC 34457 1181 27 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1181 28 } } -RRB- 34457 1181 29 , , , 34457 1181 30 according accord VBG 34457 1181 31 to to IN 34457 1181 32 the the DT 34457 1181 33 conditions condition NNS 34457 1181 34 of of IN 34457 1181 35 the the DT 34457 1181 36 experiment experiment NN 34457 1181 37 . . . 34457 1182 1 These these DT 34457 1182 2 were be VBD 34457 1182 3 the the DT 34457 1182 4 first first JJ 34457 1182 5 known know VBN 34457 1182 6 substances substance NNS 34457 1182 7 belonging belong VBG 34457 1182 8 to to IN 34457 1182 9 this this DT 34457 1182 10 class class NN 34457 1182 11 , , , 34457 1182 12 and and CC 34457 1182 13 were be VBD 34457 1182 14 employed employ VBN 34457 1182 15 by by IN 34457 1182 16 Faraday Faraday NNP 34457 1182 17 in in IN 34457 1182 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1182 19 experiments experiment NNS 34457 1182 20 on on IN 34457 1182 21 the the DT 34457 1182 22 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 1182 23 of of IN 34457 1182 24 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1182 25 . . . 34457 1183 1 Similar similar JJ 34457 1183 2 compounds compound NNS 34457 1183 3 have have VBP 34457 1183 4 also also RB 34457 1183 5 been be VBN 34457 1183 6 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1183 7 by by IN 34457 1183 8 the the DT 34457 1183 9 action action NN 34457 1183 10 of of IN 34457 1183 11 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1183 12 on on IN 34457 1183 13 silver silver NN 34457 1183 14 bromide bromide NN 34457 1183 15 , , , 34457 1183 16 iodide iodide NN 34457 1183 17 , , , 34457 1183 18 cyanide cyanide NN 34457 1183 19 , , , 34457 1183 20 and and CC 34457 1183 21 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1183 22 ; ; : 34457 1183 23 and and CC 34457 1183 24 with with IN 34457 1183 25 the the DT 34457 1183 26 halogen halogen NN 34457 1183 27 compounds compound NNS 34457 1183 28 of of IN 34457 1183 29 calcium calcium NN 34457 1183 30 , , , 34457 1183 31 zinc zinc NN 34457 1183 32 , , , 34457 1183 33 and and CC 34457 1183 34 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 1183 35 , , , 34457 1183 36 as as RB 34457 1183 37 well well RB 34457 1183 38 as as IN 34457 1183 39 with with IN 34457 1183 40 other other JJ 34457 1183 41 salts salt NNS 34457 1183 42 . . . 34457 1184 1 The the DT 34457 1184 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1184 3 of of IN 34457 1184 4 the the DT 34457 1184 5 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1184 6 compounds compound NNS 34457 1184 7 of of IN 34457 1184 8 silver silver NN 34457 1184 9 chloride chloride NN 34457 1184 10 is be VBZ 34457 1184 11 typical typical JJ 34457 1184 12 for for IN 34457 1184 13 the the DT 34457 1184 14 compounds compound NNS 34457 1184 15 of of IN 34457 1184 16 this this DT 34457 1184 17 class class NN 34457 1184 18 , , , 34457 1184 19 and and CC 34457 1184 20 may may MD 34457 1184 21 be be VB 34457 1184 22 briefly briefly RB 34457 1184 23 considered consider VBN 34457 1184 24 here here RB 34457 1184 25 . . . 34457 1185 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1185 2 was be VBD 34457 1185 3 found find VBN 34457 1185 4 by by IN 34457 1185 5 Isambert[151 isambert[151 PRP 34457 1185 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1185 7 that that IN 34457 1185 8 at at IN 34457 1185 9 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1185 10 below below IN 34457 1185 11 15 15â CD 34457 1185 12 ° ° NNS 34457 1185 13 , , , 34457 1185 14 silver silver NN 34457 1185 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 1185 16 combined combine VBN 34457 1185 17 with with IN 34457 1185 18 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1185 19 to to TO 34457 1185 20 form form VB 34457 1185 21 the the DT 34457 1185 22 compound compound NN 34457 1185 23 AgCl,3NH_{3 AgCl,3NH_{3 VBN 34457 1185 24 } } -RRB- 34457 1185 25 , , , 34457 1185 26 while while IN 34457 1185 27 at at IN 34457 1185 28 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1185 29 above above IN 34457 1185 30 20 20â CD 34457 1185 31 ° ° , 34457 1185 32 the the DT 34457 1185 33 compound compound NN 34457 1185 34 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1185 35 } } -RRB- 34457 1185 36 was be VBD 34457 1185 37 produced produce VBN 34457 1185 38 . . . 34457 1186 1 On on IN 34457 1186 2 heating heat VBG 34457 1186 3 these these DT 34457 1186 4 substances substance NNS 34457 1186 5 , , , 34457 1186 6 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1186 7 was be VBD 34457 1186 8 evolved evolve VBN 34457 1186 9 , , , 34457 1186 10 and and CC 34457 1186 11 the the DT 34457 1186 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1186 13 of of IN 34457 1186 14 this this DT 34457 1186 15 gas gas NN 34457 1186 16 was be VBD 34457 1186 17 found find VBN 34457 1186 18 in in IN 34457 1186 19 the the DT 34457 1186 20 case case NN 34457 1186 21 of of IN 34457 1186 22 both both DT 34457 1186 23 compounds compound NNS 34457 1186 24 to to TO 34457 1186 25 be be VB 34457 1186 26 constant constant JJ 34457 1186 27 at at IN 34457 1186 28 a a DT 34457 1186 29 given give VBN 34457 1186 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 1186 31 , , , 34457 1186 32 but but CC 34457 1186 33 was be VBD 34457 1186 34 greater great JJR 34457 1186 35 in in IN 34457 1186 36 the the DT 34457 1186 37 case case NN 34457 1186 38 of of IN 34457 1186 39 the the DT 34457 1186 40 former former JJ 34457 1186 41 than than IN 34457 1186 42 in in IN 34457 1186 43 the the DT 34457 1186 44 case case NN 34457 1186 45 of of IN 34457 1186 46 the the DT 34457 1186 47 latter latter JJ 34457 1186 48 substance substance NN 34457 1186 49 ; ; : 34457 1186 50 the the DT 34457 1186 51 pressure pressure NN 34457 1186 52 , , , 34457 1186 53 further further RB 34457 1186 54 , , , 34457 1186 55 was be VBD 34457 1186 56 independent independent JJ 34457 1186 57 of of IN 34457 1186 58 the the DT 34457 1186 59 amount amount NN 34457 1186 60 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 1186 61 . . . 34457 1187 1 The the DT 34457 1187 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1187 3 of of IN 34457 1187 4 these these DT 34457 1187 5 two two CD 34457 1187 6 substances substance NNS 34457 1187 7 is be VBZ 34457 1187 8 , , , 34457 1187 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 1187 10 , , , 34457 1187 11 exactly exactly RB 34457 1187 12 analogous analogous JJ 34457 1187 13 to to IN 34457 1187 14 that that DT 34457 1187 15 shown show VBN 34457 1187 16 by by IN 34457 1187 17 calcium calcium NN 34457 1187 18 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 1187 19 , , , 34457 1187 20 and and CC 34457 1187 21 the the DT 34457 1187 22 explanation explanation NN 34457 1187 23 is be VBZ 34457 1187 24 also also RB 34457 1187 25 similar similar JJ 34457 1187 26 . . . 34457 1188 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1188 2 83 83 CD 34457 1188 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1188 4 Regarded regard VBN 34457 1188 5 from from IN 34457 1188 6 the the DT 34457 1188 7 point point NN 34457 1188 8 of of IN 34457 1188 9 view view NN 34457 1188 10 of of IN 34457 1188 11 the the DT 34457 1188 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1188 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1188 14 , , , 34457 1188 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1188 16 see see VBP 34457 1188 17 that that IN 34457 1188 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1188 19 are be VBP 34457 1188 20 here here RB 34457 1188 21 dealing deal VBG 34457 1188 22 with with IN 34457 1188 23 two two CD 34457 1188 24 components component NNS 34457 1188 25 , , , 34457 1188 26 AgCl AgCl NNP 34457 1188 27 and and CC 34457 1188 28 NH_{3 NH_{3 NNP 34457 1188 29 } } -RRB- 34457 1188 30 . . . 34457 1189 1 On on IN 34457 1189 2 being be VBG 34457 1189 3 heated heat VBN 34457 1189 4 , , , 34457 1189 5 the the DT 34457 1189 6 compounds compound NNS 34457 1189 7 decompose decompose VBP 34457 1189 8 according accord VBG 34457 1189 9 to to IN 34457 1189 10 the the DT 34457 1189 11 equations:-- equations:-- NNP 34457 1189 12 2(AgCl,3NH_{3 2(AgCl,3NH_{3 NNP 34457 1189 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1189 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1189 15 < < XX 34457 1189 16 -- -- : 34457 1189 17 > > XX 34457 1189 18 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1189 19 } } -RRB- 34457 1189 20 + + NNP 34457 1189 21 3NH_{3 3NH_{3 NNP 34457 1189 22 } } -RRB- 34457 1189 23 . . . 34457 1190 1 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 LS 34457 1190 2 } } -RRB- 34457 1190 3 < < XX 34457 1190 4 -- -- : 34457 1190 5 > > XX 34457 1190 6 2AgCl 2agcl CD 34457 1190 7 + + SYM 34457 1190 8 3NH_{3 3NH_{3 NNP 34457 1190 9 } } -RRB- 34457 1190 10 . . . 34457 1191 1 There there EX 34457 1191 2 are be VBP 34457 1191 3 , , , 34457 1191 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1191 5 , , , 34457 1191 6 three three CD 34457 1191 7 phases phase NNS 34457 1191 8 , , , 34457 1191 9 viz viz NN 34457 1191 10 . . . 34457 1192 1 AgCl,3NH_{3 AgCl,3NH_{3 NNP 34457 1192 2 } } -RRB- 34457 1192 3 ; ; : 34457 1192 4 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 LS 34457 1192 5 } } -RRB- 34457 1192 6 , , , 34457 1192 7 and and CC 34457 1192 8 NH_{3 NH_{3 NNP 34457 1192 9 } } -RRB- 34457 1192 10 , , , 34457 1192 11 in in IN 34457 1192 12 the the DT 34457 1192 13 one one CD 34457 1192 14 case case NN 34457 1192 15 ; ; : 34457 1192 16 and and CC 34457 1192 17 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1192 18 } } -RRB- 34457 1192 19 ; ; : 34457 1192 20 AgCl AgCl NNP 34457 1192 21 , , , 34457 1192 22 and and CC 34457 1192 23 NH_{3 nh_{3 NN 34457 1192 24 } } -RRB- 34457 1192 25 in in IN 34457 1192 26 the the DT 34457 1192 27 other other JJ 34457 1192 28 . . . 34457 1193 1 These these DT 34457 1193 2 two two CD 34457 1193 3 systems system NNS 34457 1193 4 are be VBP 34457 1193 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1193 6 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1193 7 , , , 34457 1193 8 and and CC 34457 1193 9 to to IN 34457 1193 10 each each DT 34457 1193 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1193 12 there there RB 34457 1193 13 must must MD 34457 1193 14 correspond correspond VB 34457 1193 15 a a DT 34457 1193 16 definite definite JJ 34457 1193 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1193 18 of of IN 34457 1193 19 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1193 20 , , , 34457 1193 21 quite quite RB 34457 1193 22 irrespective irrespective RB 34457 1193 23 of of IN 34457 1193 24 the the DT 34457 1193 25 amounts amount NNS 34457 1193 26 of of IN 34457 1193 27 the the DT 34457 1193 28 phases phase NNS 34457 1193 29 present present JJ 34457 1193 30 . . . 34457 1194 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 1194 2 , , , 34457 1194 3 if if IN 34457 1194 4 , , , 34457 1194 5 at at IN 34457 1194 6 constant constant JJ 34457 1194 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 1194 8 , , , 34457 1194 9 the the DT 34457 1194 10 volume volume NN 34457 1194 11 is be VBZ 34457 1194 12 increased increase VBN 34457 1194 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1194 14 or or CC 34457 1194 15 if if IN 34457 1194 16 the the DT 34457 1194 17 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1194 18 which which WDT 34457 1194 19 is be VBZ 34457 1194 20 evolved evolve VBN 34457 1194 21 is be VBZ 34457 1194 22 pumped pump VBN 34457 1194 23 off off RP 34457 1194 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1194 25 , , , 34457 1194 26 the the DT 34457 1194 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 1194 28 will will MD 34457 1194 29 remain remain VB 34457 1194 30 constant constant JJ 34457 1194 31 so so RB 34457 1194 32 long long RB 34457 1194 33 as as IN 34457 1194 34 two two CD 34457 1194 35 solid solid JJ 34457 1194 36 phases phase NNS 34457 1194 37 , , , 34457 1194 38 AgCl,3NH_{3 agcl,3nh_{3 JJ 34457 1194 39 } } -RRB- 34457 1194 40 and and CC 34457 1194 41 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1194 42 } } -RRB- 34457 1194 43 , , , 34457 1194 44 are be VBP 34457 1194 45 present present JJ 34457 1194 46 , , , 34457 1194 47 _ _ NNP 34457 1194 48 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1194 49 _ _ NNP 34457 1194 50 until until IN 34457 1194 51 the the DT 34457 1194 52 compound compound NN 34457 1194 53 richer rich JJR 34457 1194 54 in in IN 34457 1194 55 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1194 56 is be VBZ 34457 1194 57 completely completely RB 34457 1194 58 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 1194 59 , , , 34457 1194 60 when when WRB 34457 1194 61 there there EX 34457 1194 62 will will MD 34457 1194 63 be be VB 34457 1194 64 a a DT 34457 1194 65 sudden sudden JJ 34457 1194 66 fall fall NN 34457 1194 67 in in IN 34457 1194 68 the the DT 34457 1194 69 pressure pressure NN 34457 1194 70 to to IN 34457 1194 71 the the DT 34457 1194 72 value value NN 34457 1194 73 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1194 74 to to IN 34457 1194 75 the the DT 34457 1194 76 system system NN 34457 1194 77 2AgCl,3NH_{3}--AgCl 2agcl,3nh_{3}--agcl CD 34457 1194 78 -- -- : 34457 1194 79 NH_{3 NH_{3 NNP 34457 1194 80 } } -RRB- 34457 1194 81 . . . 34457 1195 1 The the DT 34457 1195 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 1195 3 will will MD 34457 1195 4 again again RB 34457 1195 5 remain remain VB 34457 1195 6 constant constant JJ 34457 1195 7 at at IN 34457 1195 8 constant constant JJ 34457 1195 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1195 10 , , , 34457 1195 11 until until IN 34457 1195 12 all all PDT 34457 1195 13 the the DT 34457 1195 14 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1195 15 has have VBZ 34457 1195 16 been be VBN 34457 1195 17 pumped pump VBN 34457 1195 18 off off RP 34457 1195 19 , , , 34457 1195 20 when when WRB 34457 1195 21 there there EX 34457 1195 22 will will MD 34457 1195 23 again again RB 34457 1195 24 be be VB 34457 1195 25 a a DT 34457 1195 26 sudden sudden JJ 34457 1195 27 fall fall NN 34457 1195 28 in in IN 34457 1195 29 the the DT 34457 1195 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 1195 31 to to IN 34457 1195 32 that that DT 34457 1195 33 of of IN 34457 1195 34 the the DT 34457 1195 35 system system NN 34457 1195 36 formed form VBN 34457 1195 37 by by IN 34457 1195 38 solid solid JJ 34457 1195 39 silver silver NN 34457 1195 40 chloride chloride NN 34457 1195 41 in in IN 34457 1195 42 contact contact NN 34457 1195 43 with with IN 34457 1195 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1195 45 vapour vapour NN 34457 1195 46 . . . 34457 1196 1 The the DT 34457 1196 2 reverse reverse JJ 34457 1196 3 changes change NNS 34457 1196 4 take take VBP 34457 1196 5 place place NN 34457 1196 6 when when WRB 34457 1196 7 the the DT 34457 1196 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1196 9 of of IN 34457 1196 10 the the DT 34457 1196 11 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1196 12 is be VBZ 34457 1196 13 gradually gradually RB 34457 1196 14 increased increase VBN 34457 1196 15 . . . 34457 1197 1 If if IN 34457 1197 2 the the DT 34457 1197 3 volume volume NN 34457 1197 4 is be VBZ 34457 1197 5 continuously continuously RB 34457 1197 6 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1197 7 , , , 34457 1197 8 the the DT 34457 1197 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1197 10 will will MD 34457 1197 11 first first RB 34457 1197 12 increase increase VB 34457 1197 13 until until IN 34457 1197 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1197 15 has have VBZ 34457 1197 16 reached reach VBN 34457 1197 17 a a DT 34457 1197 18 certain certain JJ 34457 1197 19 value value NN 34457 1197 20 ; ; : 34457 1197 21 the the DT 34457 1197 22 compound compound NN 34457 1197 23 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1197 24 } } -RRB- 34457 1197 25 can can MD 34457 1197 26 then then RB 34457 1197 27 be be VB 34457 1197 28 formed form VBN 34457 1197 29 , , , 34457 1197 30 and and CC 34457 1197 31 the the DT 34457 1197 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 1197 33 will will MD 34457 1197 34 now now RB 34457 1197 35 remain remain VB 34457 1197 36 constant constant JJ 34457 1197 37 until until IN 34457 1197 38 all all PDT 34457 1197 39 the the DT 34457 1197 40 silver silver NN 34457 1197 41 chloride chloride NN 34457 1197 42 has have VBZ 34457 1197 43 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1197 44 . . . 34457 1198 1 The the DT 34457 1198 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 1198 3 will will MD 34457 1198 4 again again RB 34457 1198 5 rise rise VB 34457 1198 6 , , , 34457 1198 7 until until IN 34457 1198 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1198 9 has have VBZ 34457 1198 10 reached reach VBN 34457 1198 11 the the DT 34457 1198 12 value value NN 34457 1198 13 at at IN 34457 1198 14 which which WDT 34457 1198 15 the the DT 34457 1198 16 compound compound NN 34457 1198 17 AgCl,3NH_{3 AgCl,3NH_{3 VBD 34457 1198 18 } } -RRB- 34457 1198 19 can can MD 34457 1198 20 be be VB 34457 1198 21 formed form VBN 34457 1198 22 , , , 34457 1198 23 when when WRB 34457 1198 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1198 25 will will MD 34457 1198 26 again again RB 34457 1198 27 remain remain VB 34457 1198 28 constant constant JJ 34457 1198 29 until until IN 34457 1198 30 the the DT 34457 1198 31 complete complete JJ 34457 1198 32 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 1198 33 of of IN 34457 1198 34 the the DT 34457 1198 35 lower low JJR 34457 1198 36 compound compound NN 34457 1198 37 . . . 34457 1199 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1199 2 There there EX 34457 1199 3 is be VBZ 34457 1199 4 no no DT 34457 1199 5 gradual gradual JJ 34457 1199 6 change change NN 34457 1199 7 of of IN 34457 1199 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1199 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1199 10 on on IN 34457 1199 11 passing pass VBG 34457 1199 12 from from IN 34457 1199 13 one one CD 34457 1199 14 system system NN 34457 1199 15 to to IN 34457 1199 16 another another DT 34457 1199 17 ; ; : 34457 1199 18 but but CC 34457 1199 19 the the DT 34457 1199 20 changes change NNS 34457 1199 21 are be VBP 34457 1199 22 abrupt abrupt JJ 34457 1199 23 , , , 34457 1199 24 as as IN 34457 1199 25 is be VBZ 34457 1199 26 demanded demand VBN 34457 1199 27 by by IN 34457 1199 28 the the DT 34457 1199 29 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1199 30 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1199 31 , , , 34457 1199 32 and and CC 34457 1199 33 as as IN 34457 1199 34 experiment experiment NN 34457 1199 35 has have VBZ 34457 1199 36 conclusively conclusively RB 34457 1199 37 proved prove VBN 34457 1199 38 . . . 34457 1200 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1200 2 152 152 CD 34457 1200 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1200 4 The the DT 34457 1200 5 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1200 6 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1200 7 of of IN 34457 1200 8 the the DT 34457 1200 9 two two CD 34457 1200 10 compounds compound NNS 34457 1200 11 of of IN 34457 1200 12 silver silver NN 34457 1200 13 { { -LRB- 34457 1200 14 84 84 CD 34457 1200 15 } } -RRB- 34457 1200 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 1200 17 and and CC 34457 1200 18 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1200 19 , , , 34457 1200 20 as as IN 34457 1200 21 determined determine VBN 34457 1200 22 by by IN 34457 1200 23 Isambert,[153 Isambert,[153 NNP 34457 1200 24 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1200 25 are be VBP 34457 1200 26 given give VBN 34457 1200 27 in in IN 34457 1200 28 the the DT 34457 1200 29 following following JJ 34457 1200 30 table:-- table:-- NNP 34457 1200 31 -------------------------+------------------------- -------------------------+------------------------- NNP 34457 1200 32 | | NNP 34457 1200 33 AgCl,3NH_{3 AgCl,3NH_{3 NNP 34457 1200 34 } } -RRB- 34457 1200 35 . . . 34457 1201 1 | | NNP 34457 1201 2 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1201 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1201 4 . . . 34457 1202 1 -------------+-----------+--------------+---------- -------------+-----------+--------------+---------- NFP 34457 1202 2 | | NNP 34457 1202 3 | | CD 34457 1202 4 | | CD 34457 1202 5 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1202 6 . . . 34457 1203 1 | | NNP 34457 1203 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1203 3 . . . 34457 1204 1 | | NNS 34457 1204 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1204 3 . . . 34457 1205 1 | | NNP 34457 1205 2 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1205 3 . . . 34457 1206 1 -------------+-----------+--------------+---------- -------------+-----------+--------------+---------- NFP 34457 1206 2 | | CD 34457 1206 3 | | CD 34457 1206 4 | | CD 34457 1206 5 0 0â NN 34457 1206 6 ° ° , 34457 1206 7 | | CD 34457 1206 8 29.3 29.3 CD 34457 1206 9 cm cm NNS 34457 1206 10 . . . 34457 1207 1 | | NNP 34457 1207 2 20.0 20.0â CD 34457 1207 3 ° ° , 34457 1207 4 | | NNP 34457 1207 5 9.3 9.3 CD 34457 1207 6 cm cm NNS 34457 1207 7 . . . 34457 1208 1 10.6 10.6 NNP 34457 1208 2 ° ° , 34457 1208 3 | | NNP 34457 1208 4 50.5 50.5 CD 34457 1208 5 " " `` 34457 1208 6 | | CD 34457 1208 7 31.0 31.0 NNS 34457 1208 8 ° ° , 34457 1208 9 | | CD 34457 1208 10 12.5 12.5 CD 34457 1208 11 " " `` 34457 1208 12 17.5 17.5â CD 34457 1208 13 ° ° , 34457 1208 14 | | NNP 34457 1208 15 65.5 65.5 CD 34457 1208 16 " " '' 34457 1208 17 | | CD 34457 1208 18 47.0 47.0â CD 34457 1208 19 ° ° , 34457 1208 20 | | CD 34457 1208 21 26.8 26.8 CD 34457 1208 22 " " `` 34457 1208 23 24.0 24.0â CD 34457 1208 24 ° ° , 34457 1208 25 | | NNP 34457 1208 26 93.7 93.7 CD 34457 1208 27 " " '' 34457 1208 28 | | CD 34457 1208 29 58.5 58.5â CD 34457 1208 30 ° ° , 34457 1208 31 | | CD 34457 1208 32 52.8 52.8 CD 34457 1208 33 " " `` 34457 1208 34 28.0 28.0â CD 34457 1208 35 ° ° , 34457 1208 36 | | CD 34457 1208 37 135.5 135.5 CD 34457 1208 38 " " '' 34457 1208 39 | | CD 34457 1208 40 69.0 69.0â CD 34457 1208 41 ° ° , 34457 1208 42 | | CD 34457 1208 43 78.6 78.6 CD 34457 1208 44 " " `` 34457 1208 45 34.2 34.2â CD 34457 1208 46 ° ° , 34457 1208 47 | | CD 34457 1208 48 171.3 171.3 CD 34457 1208 49 " " `` 34457 1208 50 | | NNP 34457 1208 51 71.5 71.5 NNP 34457 1208 52 ° ° , 34457 1208 53 | | CD 34457 1208 54 94.6 94.6 CD 34457 1208 55 " " '' 34457 1208 56 48.5 48.5â CD 34457 1208 57 ° ° , 34457 1208 58 | | NNP 34457 1208 59 241.4 241.4 CD 34457 1208 60 " " '' 34457 1208 61 | | CD 34457 1208 62 77.5 77.5â CD 34457 1208 63 ° ° , 34457 1208 64 | | CD 34457 1208 65 119.8 119.8 CD 34457 1208 66 " " `` 34457 1208 67 51.5 51.5â CD 34457 1208 68 ° ° , 34457 1208 69 | | CD 34457 1208 70 413.2 413.2 CD 34457 1208 71 " " `` 34457 1208 72 | | CD 34457 1208 73 83.5 83.5â CD 34457 1208 74 ° ° , 34457 1208 75 | | CD 34457 1208 76 159.3 159.3 CD 34457 1208 77 " " `` 34457 1208 78 54.0 54.0â CD 34457 1208 79 ° ° , 34457 1208 80 | | NNP 34457 1208 81 464.1 464.1 CD 34457 1208 82 " " '' 34457 1208 83 | | CD 34457 1208 84 86.1 86.1â CD 34457 1208 85 ° ° , 34457 1208 86 | | NNP 34457 1208 87 181.3 181.3 CD 34457 1208 88 " " '' 34457 1208 89 | | CD 34457 1208 90 | | NNP 34457 1208 91 88.5 88.5â CD 34457 1208 92 ° ° , 34457 1208 93 | | NNP 34457 1208 94 201.3 201.3 CD 34457 1208 95 " " '' 34457 1208 96 -------------+-----------+--------------+---------- -------------+-----------+--------------+---------- : 34457 1208 97 The the DT 34457 1208 98 conditions condition NNS 34457 1208 99 for for IN 34457 1208 100 the the DT 34457 1208 101 formation formation NN 34457 1208 102 of of IN 34457 1208 103 these these DT 34457 1208 104 two two CD 34457 1208 105 compounds compound NNS 34457 1208 106 , , , 34457 1208 107 by by IN 34457 1208 108 passing pass VBG 34457 1208 109 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1208 110 over over IN 34457 1208 111 silver silver NN 34457 1208 112 chloride chloride NN 34457 1208 113 , , , 34457 1208 114 to to TO 34457 1208 115 which which WDT 34457 1208 116 reference reference NN 34457 1208 117 has have VBZ 34457 1208 118 already already RB 34457 1208 119 been be VBN 34457 1208 120 made make VBN 34457 1208 121 , , , 34457 1208 122 will will MD 34457 1208 123 be be VB 34457 1208 124 readily readily RB 34457 1208 125 understood understand VBN 34457 1208 126 from from IN 34457 1208 127 the the DT 34457 1208 128 above above JJ 34457 1208 129 tables table NNS 34457 1208 130 . . . 34457 1209 1 In in IN 34457 1209 2 the the DT 34457 1209 3 case case NN 34457 1209 4 of of IN 34457 1209 5 the the DT 34457 1209 6 triammonia triammonia NNP 34457 1209 7 mono mono NNP 34457 1209 8 - - HYPH 34457 1209 9 chloride chloride NN 34457 1209 10 , , , 34457 1209 11 the the DT 34457 1209 12 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1209 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1209 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 1209 15 equal equal JJ 34457 1209 16 to to IN 34457 1209 17 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1209 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 1209 19 at at IN 34457 1209 20 a a DT 34457 1209 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1209 22 of of IN 34457 1209 23 about about RB 34457 1209 24 20 20â CD 34457 1209 25 ° ° NNS 34457 1209 26 ; ; , 34457 1209 27 above above IN 34457 1209 28 this this DT 34457 1209 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1209 30 , , , 34457 1209 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 1209 32 , , , 34457 1209 33 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1209 34 can can MD 34457 1209 35 not not RB 34457 1209 36 be be VB 34457 1209 37 formed form VBN 34457 1209 38 by by IN 34457 1209 39 the the DT 34457 1209 40 action action NN 34457 1209 41 of of IN 34457 1209 42 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1209 43 at at IN 34457 1209 44 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1209 45 pressure pressure NN 34457 1209 46 on on IN 34457 1209 47 silver silver NN 34457 1209 48 chloride chloride NN 34457 1209 49 . . . 34457 1210 1 The the DT 34457 1210 2 triammonia triammonia NN 34457 1210 3 dichloride dichloride NN 34457 1210 4 can can MD 34457 1210 5 , , , 34457 1210 6 however however RB 34457 1210 7 , , , 34457 1210 8 be be VB 34457 1210 9 formed form VBN 34457 1210 10 , , , 34457 1210 11 for for IN 34457 1210 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1210 13 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1210 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1210 15 at at IN 34457 1210 16 this this DT 34457 1210 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 1210 18 amounts amount VBZ 34457 1210 19 to to IN 34457 1210 20 only only RB 34457 1210 21 9 9 CD 34457 1210 22 cm cm NNS 34457 1210 23 . . NNP 34457 1210 24 , , , 34457 1210 25 and and CC 34457 1210 26 becomes become VBZ 34457 1210 27 equal equal JJ 34457 1210 28 to to IN 34457 1210 29 the the DT 34457 1210 30 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1210 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1210 32 only only RB 34457 1210 33 at at IN 34457 1210 34 a a DT 34457 1210 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 1210 36 of of IN 34457 1210 37 about about RB 34457 1210 38 68 68â CD 34457 1210 39 ° ° NNS 34457 1210 40 ; ; , 34457 1210 41 and and CC 34457 1210 42 this this DT 34457 1210 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 1210 44 , , , 34457 1210 45 therefore therefore RB 34457 1210 46 , , , 34457 1210 47 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 1210 48 the the DT 34457 1210 49 limit limit NN 34457 1210 50 above above IN 34457 1210 51 which which WDT 34457 1210 52 no no DT 34457 1210 53 combination combination NN 34457 1210 54 can can MD 34457 1210 55 take take VB 34457 1210 56 place place NN 34457 1210 57 between between IN 34457 1210 58 silver silver NN 34457 1210 59 chloride chloride NN 34457 1210 60 and and CC 34457 1210 61 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1210 62 under under IN 34457 1210 63 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1210 64 pressure pressure NN 34457 1210 65 . . . 34457 1211 1 Attention attention NN 34457 1211 2 may may MD 34457 1211 3 be be VB 34457 1211 4 here here RB 34457 1211 5 drawn draw VBN 34457 1211 6 to to IN 34457 1211 7 the the DT 34457 1211 8 fact fact NN 34457 1211 9 , , , 34457 1211 10 to to TO 34457 1211 11 which which WDT 34457 1211 12 reference reference NN 34457 1211 13 will will MD 34457 1211 14 also also RB 34457 1211 15 be be VB 34457 1211 16 made make VBN 34457 1211 17 later later RBR 34457 1211 18 , , , 34457 1211 19 that that IN 34457 1211 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1211 21 two two CD 34457 1211 22 _ _ NNP 34457 1211 23 solid solid JJ 34457 1211 24 phases phase NNS 34457 1211 25 are be VBP 34457 1211 26 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1211 27 in in IN 34457 1211 28 order order NN 34457 1211 29 that that IN 34457 1211 30 the the DT 34457 1211 31 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1211 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 1211 33 at at IN 34457 1211 34 a a DT 34457 1211 35 given give VBN 34457 1211 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 1211 37 shall shall MD 34457 1211 38 be be VB 34457 1211 39 definite definite JJ 34457 1211 40 ; ; : 34457 1211 41 _ _ NNP 34457 1211 42 and and CC 34457 1211 43 for for IN 34457 1211 44 the the DT 34457 1211 45 exact exact JJ 34457 1211 46 definition definition NN 34457 1211 47 of of IN 34457 1211 48 this this DT 34457 1211 49 pressure pressure NN 34457 1211 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1211 51 is be VBZ 34457 1211 52 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1211 53 to to TO 34457 1211 54 know know VB 34457 1211 55 , , , 34457 1211 56 not not RB 34457 1211 57 merely merely RB 34457 1211 58 what what WP 34457 1211 59 is be VBZ 34457 1211 60 the the DT 34457 1211 61 substance substance NN 34457 1211 62 undergoing undergo VBG 34457 1211 63 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1211 64 , , , 34457 1211 65 but but CC 34457 1211 66 also also RB 34457 1211 67 what what WP 34457 1211 68 is be VBZ 34457 1211 69 the the DT 34457 1211 70 solid solid JJ 34457 1211 71 product product NN 34457 1211 72 of of IN 34457 1211 73 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1211 74 formed form VBN 34457 1211 75 _ _ NNP 34457 1211 76 . . . 34457 1212 1 For for IN 34457 1212 2 the the DT 34457 1212 3 definition definition NN 34457 1212 4 of of IN 34457 1212 5 the the DT 34457 1212 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1212 7 , , , 34457 1212 8 the the DT 34457 1212 9 latter latter JJ 34457 1212 10 is be VBZ 34457 1212 11 as as RB 34457 1212 12 important important JJ 34457 1212 13 as as IN 34457 1212 14 the the DT 34457 1212 15 former former JJ 34457 1212 16 . . . 34457 1213 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1213 2 shall shall MD 34457 1213 3 presently presently RB 34457 1213 4 find find VB 34457 1213 5 proof proof NN 34457 1213 6 of of IN 34457 1213 7 this this DT 34457 1213 8 in in IN 34457 1213 9 the the DT 34457 1213 10 case case NN 34457 1213 11 { { -LRB- 34457 1213 12 85 85 CD 34457 1213 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1213 14 of of IN 34457 1213 15 an an DT 34457 1213 16 analogous analogous JJ 34457 1213 17 class class NN 34457 1213 18 of of IN 34457 1213 19 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1213 20 , , , 34457 1213 21 viz viz NNP 34457 1213 22 . . . 34457 1214 1 the the DT 34457 1214 2 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1214 3 of of IN 34457 1214 4 salt salt NN 34457 1214 5 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1214 6 . . . 34457 1215 1 Salts salt NNS 34457 1215 2 with with IN 34457 1215 3 Water Water NNP 34457 1215 4 of of IN 34457 1215 5 Crystallization.--In Crystallization.--In VBZ 34457 1215 6 the the DT 34457 1215 7 case case NN 34457 1215 8 of of IN 34457 1215 9 the the DT 34457 1215 10 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1215 11 of of IN 34457 1215 12 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 1215 13 salts salt NNS 34457 1215 14 containing contain VBG 34457 1215 15 water water NN 34457 1215 16 of of IN 34457 1215 17 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1215 18 , , , 34457 1215 19 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1215 20 meet meet VBP 34457 1215 21 with with IN 34457 1215 22 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1215 23 which which WDT 34457 1215 24 are be VBP 34457 1215 25 in in IN 34457 1215 26 all all DT 34457 1215 27 respects respect NNS 34457 1215 28 similar similar JJ 34457 1215 29 to to IN 34457 1215 30 those those DT 34457 1215 31 just just RB 34457 1215 32 studied study VBN 34457 1215 33 . . . 34457 1216 1 A a DT 34457 1216 2 salt salt NN 34457 1216 3 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1216 4 on on IN 34457 1216 5 being be VBG 34457 1216 6 heated heat VBN 34457 1216 7 dissociates dissociate NNS 34457 1216 8 into into IN 34457 1216 9 a a DT 34457 1216 10 lower low JJR 34457 1216 11 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1216 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1216 13 or or CC 34457 1216 14 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1216 15 salt salt NN 34457 1216 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1216 17 and and CC 34457 1216 18 water water NN 34457 1216 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 1216 20 . . . 34457 1217 1 Since since IN 34457 1217 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1217 3 are be VBP 34457 1217 4 dealing deal VBG 34457 1217 5 with with IN 34457 1217 6 two two CD 34457 1217 7 components component NNS 34457 1217 8 -- -- : 34457 1217 9 salt salt NN 34457 1217 10 and and CC 34457 1217 11 water[154]--in water[154]--in CD 34457 1217 12 three three CD 34457 1217 13 phases phase NNS 34457 1217 14 , , , 34457 1217 15 viz viz NN 34457 1217 16 . . . 34457 1218 1 hydrate hydrate NNP 34457 1218 2 _ _ NNP 34457 1218 3 a a DT 34457 1218 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1218 5 , , , 34457 1218 6 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1218 7 _ _ NNP 34457 1218 8 b b NNP 34457 1218 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1218 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1218 11 or or CC 34457 1218 12 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1218 13 salt salt NN 34457 1218 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1218 15 , , , 34457 1218 16 and and CC 34457 1218 17 vapour vapour RB 34457 1218 18 , , , 34457 1218 19 the the DT 34457 1218 20 system system NN 34457 1218 21 is be VBZ 34457 1218 22 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1218 23 , , , 34457 1218 24 and and CC 34457 1218 25 to to IN 34457 1218 26 each each DT 34457 1218 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 1218 28 there there EX 34457 1218 29 will will MD 34457 1218 30 correspond correspond VB 34457 1218 31 a a DT 34457 1218 32 certain certain JJ 34457 1218 33 , , , 34457 1218 34 definite definite JJ 34457 1218 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 1218 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 1218 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1218 38 the the DT 34457 1218 39 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1218 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 1218 41 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1218 42 , , , 34457 1218 43 which which WDT 34457 1218 44 will will MD 34457 1218 45 be be VB 34457 1218 46 independent independent JJ 34457 1218 47 of of IN 34457 1218 48 the the DT 34457 1218 49 relative relative JJ 34457 1218 50 or or CC 34457 1218 51 absolute absolute JJ 34457 1218 52 amounts amount NNS 34457 1218 53 of of IN 34457 1218 54 the the DT 34457 1218 55 phases phase NNS 34457 1218 56 , , , 34457 1218 57 _ _ NNP 34457 1218 58 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1218 59 _ _ NNP 34457 1218 60 of of IN 34457 1218 61 the the DT 34457 1218 62 amount amount NN 34457 1218 63 of of IN 34457 1218 64 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1218 65 which which WDT 34457 1218 66 has have VBZ 34457 1218 67 already already RB 34457 1218 68 undergone undergo VBN 34457 1218 69 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1218 70 or or CC 34457 1218 71 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1218 72 . . . 34457 1219 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1219 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1219 3 : : : 34457 1219 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1219 5 . . . 34457 1220 1 19 19 CD 34457 1220 2 . . . 34457 1220 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1221 1 The the DT 34457 1221 2 constancy constancy NN 34457 1221 3 of of IN 34457 1221 4 the the DT 34457 1221 5 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1221 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 1221 7 had have VBD 34457 1221 8 been be VBN 34457 1221 9 proved prove VBN 34457 1221 10 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1221 11 by by IN 34457 1221 12 several several JJ 34457 1221 13 investigators[155 investigators[155 . 34457 1221 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1221 15 a a DT 34457 1221 16 number number NN 34457 1221 17 of of IN 34457 1221 18 years year NNS 34457 1221 19 before before IN 34457 1221 20 the the DT 34457 1221 21 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 1221 22 basis basis NN 34457 1221 23 for for IN 34457 1221 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1221 25 necessity necessity NN 34457 1221 26 had have VBD 34457 1221 27 been be VBN 34457 1221 28 given give VBN 34457 1221 29 . . . 34457 1222 1 In in IN 34457 1222 2 the the DT 34457 1222 3 case case NN 34457 1222 4 of of IN 34457 1222 5 salts salt NNS 34457 1222 6 capable capable JJ 34457 1222 7 of of IN 34457 1222 8 forming form VBG 34457 1222 9 more more JJR 34457 1222 10 than than IN 34457 1222 11 one one CD 34457 1222 12 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1222 13 , , , 34457 1222 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1222 15 should should MD 34457 1222 16 obtain obtain VB 34457 1222 17 a a DT 34457 1222 18 series series NN 34457 1222 19 of of IN 34457 1222 20 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1222 21 curves curve NNS 34457 1222 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1222 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1222 24 pt_-curves pt_-curves NNP 34457 1222 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1222 26 , , , 34457 1222 27 as as IN 34457 1222 28 in in IN 34457 1222 29 the the DT 34457 1222 30 case case NN 34457 1222 31 of of IN 34457 1222 32 the the DT 34457 1222 33 different different JJ 34457 1222 34 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1222 35 of of IN 34457 1222 36 copper copper NN 34457 1222 37 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1222 38 . . . 34457 1223 1 In in IN 34457 1223 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1223 3 . . . 34457 1224 1 19 19 CD 34457 1224 2 there there EX 34457 1224 3 are be VBP 34457 1224 4 represented represent VBN 34457 1224 5 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 1224 6 the the DT 34457 1224 7 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1224 8 - - HYPH 34457 1224 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1224 10 curves curve NNS 34457 1224 11 of of IN 34457 1224 12 the the DT 34457 1224 13 following follow VBG 34457 1224 14 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1224 15 systems system NNS 34457 1224 16 of of IN 34457 1224 17 copper copper NN 34457 1224 18 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1224 19 and and CC 34457 1224 20 water:-- water:-- `` 34457 1224 21 Curve curve NN 34457 1224 22 OA oa NN 34457 1224 23 : : : 34457 1224 24 CuSO_{4},5H_{2}O CuSO_{4},5H_{2}O NNP 34457 1224 25 < < XX 34457 1224 26 -- -- : 34457 1224 27 > > XX 34457 1224 28 CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O cuso_{4},3h_{2}o JJ 34457 1224 29 + + SYM 34457 1224 30 2H_{2}O. 2h_{2}o. CD 34457 1224 31 Curve curve NN 34457 1224 32 OB ob NN 34457 1224 33 : : : 34457 1224 34 CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O NNP 34457 1224 35 < < XX 34457 1224 36 -- -- : 34457 1224 37 > > XX 34457 1224 38 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O CuSO_{4},H_{2}O NNP 34457 1224 39 + + SYM 34457 1224 40 2H_{2}O. 2h_{2}o. CD 34457 1224 41 Curve curve NN 34457 1224 42 OC OC NNP 34457 1224 43 : : : 34457 1224 44 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O CuSO_{4},H_{2}O NNP 34457 1224 45 < < XX 34457 1224 46 -- -- : 34457 1224 47 > > XX 34457 1224 48 CuSO_{4 cuso_{4 XX 34457 1224 49 } } -RRB- 34457 1224 50 + + CC 34457 1224 51 H_{2}O. h_{2}o. ADD 34457 1225 1 Let let VB 34457 1225 2 us -PRON- PRP 34457 1225 3 now now RB 34457 1225 4 follow follow VB 34457 1225 5 the the DT 34457 1225 6 changes change NNS 34457 1225 7 which which WDT 34457 1225 8 take take VBP 34457 1225 9 place place NN 34457 1225 10 on on IN 34457 1225 11 { { -LRB- 34457 1225 12 86 86 CD 34457 1225 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1225 14 increasing increase VBG 34457 1225 15 the the DT 34457 1225 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1225 17 of of IN 34457 1225 18 the the DT 34457 1225 19 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 1225 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 1225 21 in in IN 34457 1225 22 contact contact NN 34457 1225 23 with with IN 34457 1225 24 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1225 25 copper copper NN 34457 1225 26 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1225 27 , , , 34457 1225 28 the the DT 34457 1225 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1225 30 being be VBG 34457 1225 31 meanwhile meanwhile RB 34457 1225 32 maintained maintain VBN 34457 1225 33 constant constant JJ 34457 1225 34 . . . 34457 1226 1 If if IN 34457 1226 2 , , , 34457 1226 3 starting start VBG 34457 1226 4 from from IN 34457 1226 5 the the DT 34457 1226 6 point point NN 34457 1226 7 D d NN 34457 1226 8 , , , 34457 1226 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1226 10 slowly slowly RB 34457 1226 11 add add VBP 34457 1226 12 water water NN 34457 1226 13 vapour vapour NN 34457 1226 14 to to IN 34457 1226 15 the the DT 34457 1226 16 system system NN 34457 1226 17 , , , 34457 1226 18 the the DT 34457 1226 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 1226 20 will will MD 34457 1226 21 gradually gradually RB 34457 1226 22 rise rise VB 34457 1226 23 , , , 34457 1226 24 without without IN 34457 1226 25 formation formation NN 34457 1226 26 of of IN 34457 1226 27 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1226 28 taking take VBG 34457 1226 29 place place NN 34457 1226 30 ; ; : 34457 1226 31 for for IN 34457 1226 32 at at IN 34457 1226 33 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1226 34 below below IN 34457 1226 35 the the DT 34457 1226 36 curve curve NN 34457 1226 37 OC OC NNP 34457 1226 38 only only RB 34457 1226 39 the the DT 34457 1226 40 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1226 41 salt salt NN 34457 1226 42 can can MD 34457 1226 43 exist exist VB 34457 1226 44 . . . 34457 1227 1 At at IN 34457 1227 2 E e NN 34457 1227 3 , , , 34457 1227 4 however however RB 34457 1227 5 , , , 34457 1227 6 the the DT 34457 1227 7 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1227 8 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O CuSO_{4},H_{2}O NNP 34457 1227 9 will will MD 34457 1227 10 be be VB 34457 1227 11 formed form VBN 34457 1227 12 , , , 34457 1227 13 and and CC 34457 1227 14 as as IN 34457 1227 15 there there EX 34457 1227 16 are be VBP 34457 1227 17 now now RB 34457 1227 18 three three CD 34457 1227 19 phases phase NNS 34457 1227 20 present present JJ 34457 1227 21 , , , 34457 1227 22 viz viz NN 34457 1227 23 . . . 34457 1228 1 CuSO_{4 cuso_{4 JJ 34457 1228 2 } } -RRB- 34457 1228 3 , , , 34457 1228 4 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O CuSO_{4},H_{2}O NNP 34457 1228 5 , , , 34457 1228 6 and and CC 34457 1228 7 vapour vapour RB 34457 1228 8 , , , 34457 1228 9 the the DT 34457 1228 10 system system NN 34457 1228 11 becomes become VBZ 34457 1228 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1228 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1228 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1228 15 ; ; : 34457 1228 16 and and CC 34457 1228 17 since since IN 34457 1228 18 the the DT 34457 1228 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1228 20 is be VBZ 34457 1228 21 constant constant JJ 34457 1228 22 , , , 34457 1228 23 the the DT 34457 1228 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1228 25 must must MD 34457 1228 26 also also RB 34457 1228 27 be be VB 34457 1228 28 constant constant JJ 34457 1228 29 . . . 34457 1229 1 Continued continue VBN 34457 1229 2 addition addition NN 34457 1229 3 of of IN 34457 1229 4 vapour vapour NN 34457 1229 5 will will MD 34457 1229 6 result result VB 34457 1229 7 merely merely RB 34457 1229 8 in in IN 34457 1229 9 an an DT 34457 1229 10 increase increase NN 34457 1229 11 in in IN 34457 1229 12 the the DT 34457 1229 13 amount amount NN 34457 1229 14 of of IN 34457 1229 15 the the DT 34457 1229 16 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1229 17 , , , 34457 1229 18 and and CC 34457 1229 19 a a DT 34457 1229 20 decrease decrease NN 34457 1229 21 in in IN 34457 1229 22 the the DT 34457 1229 23 amount amount NN 34457 1229 24 of of IN 34457 1229 25 the the DT 34457 1229 26 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1229 27 salt salt NN 34457 1229 28 . . . 34457 1230 1 When when WRB 34457 1230 2 the the DT 34457 1230 3 latter latter NN 34457 1230 4 has have VBZ 34457 1230 5 entirely entirely RB 34457 1230 6 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1230 7 , , , 34457 1230 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1230 9 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1230 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1230 11 has have VBZ 34457 1230 12 passed pass VBN 34457 1230 13 into into IN 34457 1230 14 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1230 15 salt salt NN 34457 1230 16 , , , 34457 1230 17 the the DT 34457 1230 18 system system NN 34457 1230 19 again again RB 34457 1230 20 becomes become VBZ 34457 1230 21 _ _ NNP 34457 1230 22 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1230 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1230 24 , , , 34457 1230 25 and and CC 34457 1230 26 passes pass VBZ 34457 1230 27 along along IN 34457 1230 28 the the DT 34457 1230 29 line line NN 34457 1230 30 EF EF NNP 34457 1230 31 ; ; : 34457 1230 32 the the DT 34457 1230 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 1230 34 gradually gradually RB 34457 1230 35 increases increase VBZ 34457 1230 36 , , , 34457 1230 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 1230 38 , , , 34457 1230 39 until until IN 34457 1230 40 at at IN 34457 1230 41 F F NNP 34457 1230 42 the the DT 34457 1230 43 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1230 44 3H_{2}O 3h_{2}o CD 34457 1230 45 is be VBZ 34457 1230 46 formed form VBN 34457 1230 47 , , , 34457 1230 48 and and CC 34457 1230 49 the the DT 34457 1230 50 system system NN 34457 1230 51 again again RB 34457 1230 52 becomes become VBZ 34457 1230 53 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1230 54 ; ; : 34457 1230 55 the the DT 34457 1230 56 three three CD 34457 1230 57 phases phase NNS 34457 1230 58 present present JJ 34457 1230 59 are be VBP 34457 1230 60 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O cuso_{4},h_{2}o JJ 34457 1230 61 , , , 34457 1230 62 CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O NNP 34457 1230 63 , , , 34457 1230 64 vapour vapour NN 34457 1230 65 . . . 34457 1231 1 The the DT 34457 1231 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 1231 3 will will MD 34457 1231 4 remain remain VB 34457 1231 5 constant constant JJ 34457 1231 6 , , , 34457 1231 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1231 8 , , , 34457 1231 9 until until IN 34457 1231 10 the the DT 34457 1231 11 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1231 12 1H_{2}O 1h_{2}o CD 34457 1231 13 has have VBZ 34457 1231 14 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1231 15 , , , 34457 1231 16 when when WRB 34457 1231 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1231 18 will will MD 34457 1231 19 again again RB 34457 1231 20 increase increase VB 34457 1231 21 till till IN 34457 1231 22 G g NN 34457 1231 23 is be VBZ 34457 1231 24 reached reach VBN 34457 1231 25 ; ; : 34457 1231 26 here here RB 34457 1231 27 the the DT 34457 1231 28 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1231 29 5H_{2}O 5h_{2}o CD 34457 1231 30 is be VBZ 34457 1231 31 formed form VBN 34457 1231 32 , , , 34457 1231 33 and and CC 34457 1231 34 the the DT 34457 1231 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 1231 36 once once RB 34457 1231 37 more more RBR 34457 1231 38 remains remain VBZ 34457 1231 39 constant constant JJ 34457 1231 40 until until IN 34457 1231 41 the the DT 34457 1231 42 complete complete JJ 34457 1231 43 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 1231 44 of of IN 34457 1231 45 the the DT 34457 1231 46 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1231 47 3H_{2}O 3h_{2}o CD 34457 1231 48 has have VBZ 34457 1231 49 taken take VBN 34457 1231 50 place place NN 34457 1231 51 . . . 34457 1232 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1232 2 , , , 34457 1232 3 on on IN 34457 1232 4 dehydrating dehydrate VBG 34457 1232 5 CuSO_{4},5H_{2}O CuSO_{4},5H_{2}O NNP 34457 1232 6 at at IN 34457 1232 7 constant constant JJ 34457 1232 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1232 9 , , , 34457 1232 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1232 11 should should MD 34457 1232 12 find find VB 34457 1232 13 that that IN 34457 1232 14 the the DT 34457 1232 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1232 16 would would MD 34457 1232 17 maintain maintain VB 34457 1232 18 the the DT 34457 1232 19 value value NN 34457 1232 20 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1232 21 to to IN 34457 1232 22 the the DT 34457 1232 23 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1232 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1232 25 of of IN 34457 1232 26 the the DT 34457 1232 27 system system NN 34457 1232 28 CuSO_{4},5H_{2}O cuso_{4},5h_{2}o NN 34457 1232 29 -- -- : 34457 1232 30 CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O cuso_{4},3h_{2}o UH 34457 1232 31 -- -- : 34457 1232 32 vapour vapour RB 34457 1232 33 , , , 34457 1232 34 until until IN 34457 1232 35 all all PDT 34457 1232 36 the the DT 34457 1232 37 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1232 38 5H_{2}O 5H_{2}O NNP 34457 1232 39 had have VBD 34457 1232 40 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1232 41 ; ; : 34457 1232 42 further further JJ 34457 1232 43 removal removal NN 34457 1232 44 of of IN 34457 1232 45 water water NN 34457 1232 46 would would MD 34457 1232 47 then then RB 34457 1232 48 cause cause VB 34457 1232 49 the the DT 34457 1232 50 pressure pressure NN 34457 1232 51 to to TO 34457 1232 52 fall fall VB 34457 1232 53 _ _ NNP 34457 1232 54 abruptly abruptly RB 34457 1232 55 _ _ NNP 34457 1232 56 to to IN 34457 1232 57 the the DT 34457 1232 58 pressure pressure NN 34457 1232 59 of of IN 34457 1232 60 the the DT 34457 1232 61 system system NN 34457 1232 62 CuSO_{4},3H_{2}O cuso_{4},3h_{2}o JJ 34457 1232 63 -- -- . 34457 1232 64 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O CuSO_{4},H_{2}O NNP 34457 1232 65 -- -- : 34457 1232 66 vapour vapour RB 34457 1232 67 , , , 34457 1232 68 at at IN 34457 1232 69 which which WDT 34457 1232 70 value value NN 34457 1232 71 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1232 72 would would MD 34457 1232 73 again again RB 34457 1232 74 remain remain VB 34457 1232 75 constant constant JJ 34457 1232 76 until until IN 34457 1232 77 the the DT 34457 1232 78 tri tri JJ 34457 1232 79 - - JJ 34457 1232 80 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1232 81 had have VBD 34457 1232 82 passed pass VBN 34457 1232 83 into into IN 34457 1232 84 the the DT 34457 1232 85 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1232 86 , , , 34457 1232 87 when when WRB 34457 1232 88 a a DT 34457 1232 89 further further RB 34457 1232 90 sudden sudden JJ 34457 1232 91 diminution diminution NN 34457 1232 92 of of IN 34457 1232 93 the the DT 34457 1232 94 pressure pressure NN 34457 1232 95 would would MD 34457 1232 96 occur occur VB 34457 1232 97 . . . 34457 1233 1 This this DT 34457 1233 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1233 3 is be VBZ 34457 1233 4 represented represent VBN 34457 1233 5 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 1233 6 in in IN 34457 1233 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1233 8 . . . 34457 1234 1 20 20 CD 34457 1234 2 , , , 34457 1234 3 the the DT 34457 1234 4 values value NNS 34457 1234 5 of of IN 34457 1234 6 the the DT 34457 1234 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1234 8 being be VBG 34457 1234 9 those those DT 34457 1234 10 at at IN 34457 1234 11 50 50â CD 34457 1234 12 ° ° NNS 34457 1234 13 . . . 34457 1235 1 Efflorescence.--From Efflorescence.--From : 34457 1235 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1235 3 . . . 34457 1236 1 19 19 CD 34457 1236 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1236 3 are be VBP 34457 1236 4 enabled enable VBN 34457 1236 5 to to TO 34457 1236 6 predict predict VB 34457 1236 7 the the DT 34457 1236 8 conditions condition NNS 34457 1236 9 under under IN 34457 1236 10 which which WDT 34457 1236 11 a a DT 34457 1236 12 given give VBN 34457 1236 13 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1236 14 salt salt NN 34457 1236 15 will will MD 34457 1236 16 effloresce effloresce VB 34457 1236 17 when when WRB 34457 1236 18 exposed expose VBN 34457 1236 19 to to IN 34457 1236 20 the the DT 34457 1236 21 air air NN 34457 1236 22 . . . 34457 1237 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1237 2 have have VBP 34457 1237 3 just just RB 34457 1237 4 learned learn VBN 34457 1237 5 that that IN 34457 1237 6 copper copper NN 34457 1237 7 { { -LRB- 34457 1237 8 87 87 CD 34457 1237 9 } } -RRB- 34457 1237 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1237 11 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 1237 12 , , , 34457 1237 13 for for IN 34457 1237 14 example example NN 34457 1237 15 , , , 34457 1237 16 will will MD 34457 1237 17 not not RB 34457 1237 18 be be VB 34457 1237 19 formed form VBN 34457 1237 20 unless unless IN 34457 1237 21 the the DT 34457 1237 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1237 23 of of IN 34457 1237 24 the the DT 34457 1237 25 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 1237 26 vapour vapour NN 34457 1237 27 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1237 28 a a DT 34457 1237 29 certain certain JJ 34457 1237 30 value value NN 34457 1237 31 ; ; : 34457 1237 32 and and CC 34457 1237 33 that that IN 34457 1237 34 conversely conversely RB 34457 1237 35 , , , 34457 1237 36 if if IN 34457 1237 37 the the DT 34457 1237 38 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1237 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 1237 40 falls fall VBZ 34457 1237 41 below below IN 34457 1237 42 the the DT 34457 1237 43 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1237 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 1237 45 of of IN 34457 1237 46 the the DT 34457 1237 47 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 1237 48 , , , 34457 1237 49 this this DT 34457 1237 50 salt salt NN 34457 1237 51 will will MD 34457 1237 52 undergo undergo VB 34457 1237 53 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1237 54 . . . 34457 1238 1 From from IN 34457 1238 2 this this DT 34457 1238 3 , , , 34457 1238 4 then then RB 34457 1238 5 , , , 34457 1238 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1238 7 is be VBZ 34457 1238 8 evident evident JJ 34457 1238 9 that that IN 34457 1238 10 a a DT 34457 1238 11 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1238 12 salt salt NN 34457 1238 13 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1238 14 will will MD 34457 1238 15 effloresce effloresce VB 34457 1238 16 when when WRB 34457 1238 17 exposed expose VBN 34457 1238 18 to to IN 34457 1238 19 the the DT 34457 1238 20 air air NN 34457 1238 21 , , , 34457 1238 22 if if IN 34457 1238 23 the the DT 34457 1238 24 partial partial JJ 34457 1238 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 1238 26 of of IN 34457 1238 27 the the DT 34457 1238 28 water water NN 34457 1238 29 vapour vapour NN 34457 1238 30 in in IN 34457 1238 31 the the DT 34457 1238 32 air air NN 34457 1238 33 is be VBZ 34457 1238 34 lower low JJR 34457 1238 35 than than IN 34457 1238 36 the the DT 34457 1238 37 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1238 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1238 39 of of IN 34457 1238 40 the the DT 34457 1238 41 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1238 42 . . . 34457 1239 1 At at IN 34457 1239 2 the the DT 34457 1239 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1239 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1239 5 the the DT 34457 1239 6 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1239 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1239 8 of of IN 34457 1239 9 copper copper NN 34457 1239 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1239 11 is be VBZ 34457 1239 12 less less JJR 34457 1239 13 than than IN 34457 1239 14 the the DT 34457 1239 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1239 16 of of IN 34457 1239 17 water water NN 34457 1239 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1239 19 in in IN 34457 1239 20 the the DT 34457 1239 21 air air NN 34457 1239 22 , , , 34457 1239 23 and and CC 34457 1239 24 therefore therefore RB 34457 1239 25 copper copper NN 34457 1239 26 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1239 27 does do VBZ 34457 1239 28 not not RB 34457 1239 29 effloresce effloresce VB 34457 1239 30 . . . 34457 1240 1 In in IN 34457 1240 2 the the DT 34457 1240 3 case case NN 34457 1240 4 of of IN 34457 1240 5 sodium sodium NN 34457 1240 6 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1240 7 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1240 8 , , , 34457 1240 9 however however RB 34457 1240 10 , , , 34457 1240 11 the the DT 34457 1240 12 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1240 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1240 14 is be VBZ 34457 1240 15 greater great JJR 34457 1240 16 than than IN 34457 1240 17 the the DT 34457 1240 18 normal normal JJ 34457 1240 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 1240 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1240 21 in in IN 34457 1240 22 a a DT 34457 1240 23 room room NN 34457 1240 24 , , , 34457 1240 25 and and CC 34457 1240 26 this this DT 34457 1240 27 salt salt NN 34457 1240 28 therefore therefore RB 34457 1240 29 effloresces effloresce VBZ 34457 1240 30 . . . 34457 1241 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1241 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1241 3 : : : 34457 1241 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1241 5 . . . 34457 1242 1 20 20 CD 34457 1242 2 . . . 34457 1242 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1243 1 Indefiniteness indefiniteness NN 34457 1243 2 of of IN 34457 1243 3 the the DT 34457 1243 4 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 1243 5 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1243 6 of of IN 34457 1243 7 a a DT 34457 1243 8 Hydrate.--Reference hydrate.--reference NN 34457 1243 9 has have VBZ 34457 1243 10 already already RB 34457 1243 11 been be VBN 34457 1243 12 made make VBN 34457 1243 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1243 14 p. p. NN 34457 1243 15 84 84 CD 34457 1243 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1243 17 , , , 34457 1243 18 in in IN 34457 1243 19 the the DT 34457 1243 20 case case NN 34457 1243 21 of of IN 34457 1243 22 the the DT 34457 1243 23 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 1243 24 compounds compound NNS 34457 1243 25 of of IN 34457 1243 26 the the DT 34457 1243 27 metal metal NN 34457 1243 28 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 1243 29 , , , 34457 1243 30 to to IN 34457 1243 31 the the DT 34457 1243 32 importance importance NN 34457 1243 33 of of IN 34457 1243 34 the the DT 34457 1243 35 solid solid JJ 34457 1243 36 product product NN 34457 1243 37 of of IN 34457 1243 38 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1243 39 for for IN 34457 1243 40 the the DT 34457 1243 41 definition definition NN 34457 1243 42 of of IN 34457 1243 43 the the DT 34457 1243 44 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1243 45 pressure pressure NN 34457 1243 46 . . . 34457 1244 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 1244 2 also also RB 34457 1244 3 in in IN 34457 1244 4 the the DT 34457 1244 5 case case NN 34457 1244 6 of of IN 34457 1244 7 a a DT 34457 1244 8 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1244 9 salt salt NN 34457 1244 10 . . . 34457 1245 1 A a DT 34457 1245 2 salt salt NN 34457 1245 3 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1245 4 in in IN 34457 1245 5 contact contact NN 34457 1245 6 with with IN 34457 1245 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 1245 8 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 1245 9 only only RB 34457 1245 10 a a DT 34457 1245 11 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1245 12 system system NN 34457 1245 13 , , , 34457 1245 14 and and CC 34457 1245 15 can can MD 34457 1245 16 exist exist VB 34457 1245 17 therefore therefore RB 34457 1245 18 at at IN 34457 1245 19 different different JJ 34457 1245 20 values value NNS 34457 1245 21 of of IN 34457 1245 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1245 23 and and CC 34457 1245 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1245 25 of of IN 34457 1245 26 vapour vapour NN 34457 1245 27 , , , 34457 1245 28 as as IN 34457 1245 29 is be VBZ 34457 1245 30 seen see VBN 34457 1245 31 from from IN 34457 1245 32 the the DT 34457 1245 33 diagram diagram NN 34457 1245 34 , , , 34457 1245 35 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1245 36 . . . 34457 1246 1 19 19 CD 34457 1246 2 . . . 34457 1247 1 Anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1247 2 copper copper NN 34457 1247 3 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1247 4 can can MD 34457 1247 5 exist exist VB 34457 1247 6 in in IN 34457 1247 7 contact contact NN 34457 1247 8 with with IN 34457 1247 9 water water NN 34457 1247 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 1247 11 at at IN 34457 1247 12 all all DT 34457 1247 13 values value NNS 34457 1247 14 of of IN 34457 1247 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1247 16 and and CC 34457 1247 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1247 18 lying lie VBG 34457 1247 19 in in IN 34457 1247 20 the the DT 34457 1247 21 field field NN 34457 1247 22 below below IN 34457 1247 23 the the DT 34457 1247 24 curve curve NN 34457 1247 25 OC OC NNP 34457 1247 26 ; ; : 34457 1247 27 and and CC 34457 1247 28 the the DT 34457 1247 29 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1247 30 CuSO_{4},H_{2}O CuSO_{4},H_{2}O NNP 34457 1247 31 can can MD 34457 1247 32 exist exist VB 34457 1247 33 in in IN 34457 1247 34 contact contact NN 34457 1247 35 with with IN 34457 1247 36 vapour vapour NN 34457 1247 37 at at IN 34457 1247 38 all all DT 34457 1247 39 values value NNS 34457 1247 40 of of IN 34457 1247 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 1247 42 and and CC 34457 1247 43 pressure pressure NN 34457 1247 44 in in IN 34457 1247 45 the the DT 34457 1247 46 field field NN 34457 1247 47 BOC boc NN 34457 1247 48 . . . 34457 1248 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 1248 2 , , , 34457 1248 3 each each DT 34457 1248 4 of of IN 34457 1248 5 the the DT 34457 1248 6 other other JJ 34457 1248 7 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1248 8 can can MD 34457 1248 9 exist exist VB 34457 1248 10 in in IN 34457 1248 11 contact contact NN 34457 1248 12 with with IN 34457 1248 13 vapour vapour NN 34457 1248 14 at at IN 34457 1248 15 different different JJ 34457 1248 16 values value NNS 34457 1248 17 of of IN 34457 1248 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1248 19 and and CC 34457 1248 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1248 21 . . . 34457 1249 1 From from IN 34457 1249 2 the the DT 34457 1249 3 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1249 4 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1249 5 , , , 34457 1249 6 however however RB 34457 1249 7 , , , 34457 1249 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1249 9 learn learn VBP 34457 1249 10 that that IN 34457 1249 11 , , , 34457 1249 12 in in IN 34457 1249 13 order order NN 34457 1249 14 that that IN 34457 1249 15 at at IN 34457 1249 16 a a DT 34457 1249 17 given give VBN 34457 1249 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1249 19 the the DT 34457 1249 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1249 21 of of IN 34457 1249 22 a a DT 34457 1249 23 two two CD 34457 1249 24 - - HYPH 34457 1249 25 component component NN 34457 1249 26 system system NN 34457 1249 27 { { -LRB- 34457 1249 28 88 88 CD 34457 1249 29 } } -RRB- 34457 1249 30 may may MD 34457 1249 31 be be VB 34457 1249 32 constant constant JJ 34457 1249 33 , , , 34457 1249 34 there there EX 34457 1249 35 must must MD 34457 1249 36 be be VB 34457 1249 37 three three CD 34457 1249 38 phases phase NNS 34457 1249 39 present present JJ 34457 1249 40 . . . 34457 1250 1 Strictly strictly RB 34457 1250 2 , , , 34457 1250 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1250 4 , , , 34457 1250 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1250 6 can can MD 34457 1250 7 speak speak VB 34457 1250 8 only only RB 34457 1250 9 of of IN 34457 1250 10 the the DT 34457 1250 11 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1250 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1250 13 of of IN 34457 1250 14 a a DT 34457 1250 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1250 16 system system NN 34457 1250 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1250 18 ; ; : 34457 1250 19 and and CC 34457 1250 20 since since IN 34457 1250 21 , , , 34457 1250 22 in in IN 34457 1250 23 the the DT 34457 1250 24 cases case NNS 34457 1250 25 under under IN 34457 1250 26 discussion discussion NN 34457 1250 27 , , , 34457 1250 28 the the DT 34457 1250 29 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1250 30 dissociate dissociate VBP 34457 1250 31 into into IN 34457 1250 32 a a DT 34457 1250 33 solid solid JJ 34457 1250 34 and and CC 34457 1250 35 a a DT 34457 1250 36 vapour vapour NN 34457 1250 37 , , , 34457 1250 38 any any DT 34457 1250 39 statement statement NN 34457 1250 40 as as IN 34457 1250 41 to to IN 34457 1250 42 the the DT 34457 1250 43 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1250 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 1250 45 of of IN 34457 1250 46 a a DT 34457 1250 47 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1250 48 has have VBZ 34457 1250 49 a a DT 34457 1250 50 definite definite JJ 34457 1250 51 meaning meaning NN 34457 1250 52 _ _ NNP 34457 1250 53 only only RB 34457 1250 54 when when WRB 34457 1250 55 the the DT 34457 1250 56 second second JJ 34457 1250 57 solid solid JJ 34457 1250 58 phase phase NN 34457 1250 59 produced produce VBN 34457 1250 60 by by IN 34457 1250 61 the the DT 34457 1250 62 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1250 63 is be VBZ 34457 1250 64 given give VBN 34457 1250 65 _ _ NNP 34457 1250 66 . . . 34457 1251 1 The the DT 34457 1251 2 everyday everyday JJ 34457 1251 3 custom custom NN 34457 1251 4 of of IN 34457 1251 5 speaking speak VBG 34457 1251 6 of of IN 34457 1251 7 the the DT 34457 1251 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1251 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1251 10 of of IN 34457 1251 11 a a DT 34457 1251 12 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1251 13 salt salt NN 34457 1251 14 acquires acquire VBZ 34457 1251 15 a a DT 34457 1251 16 meaning meaning NN 34457 1251 17 only only RB 34457 1251 18 through through IN 34457 1251 19 the the DT 34457 1251 20 assumption assumption NN 34457 1251 21 , , , 34457 1251 22 tacitly tacitly RB 34457 1251 23 made make VBN 34457 1251 24 , , , 34457 1251 25 that that IN 34457 1251 26 the the DT 34457 1251 27 second second JJ 34457 1251 28 solid solid JJ 34457 1251 29 phase phase NN 34457 1251 30 , , , 34457 1251 31 or or CC 34457 1251 32 the the DT 34457 1251 33 solid solid JJ 34457 1251 34 produced produce VBN 34457 1251 35 by by IN 34457 1251 36 the the DT 34457 1251 37 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1251 38 of of IN 34457 1251 39 the the DT 34457 1251 40 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1251 41 , , , 34457 1251 42 is be VBZ 34457 1251 43 the the DT 34457 1251 44 _ _ NNP 34457 1251 45 next next RB 34457 1251 46 lower low JJR 34457 1251 47 _ _ NNP 34457 1251 48 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1251 49 , , , 34457 1251 50 where where WRB 34457 1251 51 more more JJR 34457 1251 52 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1251 53 than than IN 34457 1251 54 one one CD 34457 1251 55 exist exist NN 34457 1251 56 . . . 34457 1252 1 That that IN 34457 1252 2 a a DT 34457 1252 3 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1252 4 always always RB 34457 1252 5 dissociates dissociate VBZ 34457 1252 6 in in IN 34457 1252 7 such such PDT 34457 1252 8 a a DT 34457 1252 9 way way NN 34457 1252 10 that that WDT 34457 1252 11 the the DT 34457 1252 12 next next JJ 34457 1252 13 lower low JJR 34457 1252 14 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1252 15 is be VBZ 34457 1252 16 formed form VBN 34457 1252 17 is be VBZ 34457 1252 18 , , , 34457 1252 19 however however RB 34457 1252 20 , , , 34457 1252 21 by by IN 34457 1252 22 no no DT 34457 1252 23 means mean NNS 34457 1252 24 certain certain JJ 34457 1252 25 ; ; : 34457 1252 26 indeed indeed RB 34457 1252 27 , , , 34457 1252 28 cases case NNS 34457 1252 29 have have VBP 34457 1252 30 been be VBN 34457 1252 31 met meet VBN 34457 1252 32 with with IN 34457 1252 33 where where WRB 34457 1252 34 apparently apparently RB 34457 1252 35 the the DT 34457 1252 36 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1252 37 salt salt NN 34457 1252 38 , , , 34457 1252 39 and and CC 34457 1252 40 not not RB 34457 1252 41 the the DT 34457 1252 42 lower low JJR 34457 1252 43 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1252 44 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1252 45 the the DT 34457 1252 46 existence existence NN 34457 1252 47 of of IN 34457 1252 48 which which WDT 34457 1252 49 was be VBD 34457 1252 50 possible possible JJ 34457 1252 51 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1252 52 , , , 34457 1252 53 was be VBD 34457 1252 54 produced produce VBN 34457 1252 55 by by IN 34457 1252 56 the the DT 34457 1252 57 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1252 58 of of IN 34457 1252 59 the the DT 34457 1252 60 higher high JJR 34457 1252 61 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1252 62 . . . 34457 1253 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1253 2 156 156 CD 34457 1253 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1253 4 That that IN 34457 1253 5 a a DT 34457 1253 6 salt salt NN 34457 1253 7 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1253 8 can can MD 34457 1253 9 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1253 10 different different JJ 34457 1253 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 1253 12 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1253 13 according accord VBG 34457 1253 14 to to IN 34457 1253 15 the the DT 34457 1253 16 solid solid JJ 34457 1253 17 product product NN 34457 1253 18 of of IN 34457 1253 19 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1253 20 , , , 34457 1253 21 can can MD 34457 1253 22 not not RB 34457 1253 23 only only RB 34457 1253 24 be be VB 34457 1253 25 proved prove VBN 34457 1253 26 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 1253 27 , , , 34457 1253 28 but but CC 34457 1253 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1253 30 has have VBZ 34457 1253 31 also also RB 34457 1253 32 been be VBN 34457 1253 33 shown show VBN 34457 1253 34 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1253 35 to to TO 34457 1253 36 be be VB 34457 1253 37 a a DT 34457 1253 38 fact fact NN 34457 1253 39 . . . 34457 1254 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1254 2 CaCl_{2},6H_{2}O CaCl_{2},6H_{2}O NNP 34457 1254 3 can can MD 34457 1254 4 dissociate dissociate VB 34457 1254 5 into into IN 34457 1254 6 water water NN 34457 1254 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 1254 8 and and CC 34457 1254 9 either either CC 34457 1254 10 of of IN 34457 1254 11 two two CD 34457 1254 12 lower low JJR 34457 1254 13 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1254 14 , , , 34457 1254 15 each each DT 34457 1254 16 containing contain VBG 34457 1254 17 four four CD 34457 1254 18 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1254 19 of of IN 34457 1254 20 water water NN 34457 1254 21 of of IN 34457 1254 22 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1254 23 , , , 34457 1254 24 and and CC 34457 1254 25 designated designate VBN 34457 1254 26 respectively respectively RB 34457 1254 27 as as IN 34457 1254 28 CaCl_{2},4H_{2}O[alpha CaCl_{2},4H_{2}O[alpha NNP 34457 1254 29 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1254 30 , , , 34457 1254 31 and and CC 34457 1254 32 CaCl_{2},4H_{2}O[beta CaCl_{2},4H_{2}O[beta NNP 34457 1254 33 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1254 34 . . . 34457 1255 1 Roozeboom[157 roozeboom[157 NN 34457 1255 2 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1255 3 has have VBZ 34457 1255 4 shown show VBN 34457 1255 5 that that IN 34457 1255 6 the the DT 34457 1255 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 1255 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1255 9 which which WDT 34457 1255 10 is be VBZ 34457 1255 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1255 12 differs differ NNS 34457 1255 13 according accord VBG 34457 1255 14 to to IN 34457 1255 15 which which WDT 34457 1255 16 of of IN 34457 1255 17 these these DT 34457 1255 18 two two CD 34457 1255 19 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1255 20 is be VBZ 34457 1255 21 formed form VBN 34457 1255 22 , , , 34457 1255 23 as as IN 34457 1255 24 can can MD 34457 1255 25 be be VB 34457 1255 26 seen see VBN 34457 1255 27 from from IN 34457 1255 28 the the DT 34457 1255 29 following follow VBG 34457 1255 30 figures:-- figures:-- JJS 34457 1255 31 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------- -------------+---------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1255 32 | | NNP 34457 1255 33 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1255 34 of of IN 34457 1255 35 System System NNP 34457 1255 36 . . . 34457 1256 1 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1256 2 . . . 34457 1257 1 + + CC 34457 1257 2 -----------------------------+---------------------------- -----------------------------+---------------------------- : 34457 1257 3 | | NNP 34457 1257 4 CaCl_{2},6H_{2}O cacl_{2},6h_{2}o CD 34457 1257 5 ; ; : 34457 1257 6 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1257 7 } } -RRB- 34457 1257 8 , , , 34457 1257 9 | | NNP 34457 1257 10 CaCl_{2},6H_{2}O cacl_{2},6h_{2}o CD 34457 1257 11 ; ; : 34457 1257 12 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1257 13 } } -RRB- 34457 1257 14 , , , 34457 1257 15 | | NNP 34457 1257 16 4H_{2}O[alpha 4h_{2}o[alpha CD 34457 1257 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1257 18 ; ; : 34457 1257 19 vapour vapour RB 34457 1257 20 . . . 34457 1258 1 | | NNP 34457 1258 2 4H_{2}O[beta 4h_{2}o[beta CD 34457 1258 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1258 4 ; ; : 34457 1258 5 vapour vapour RB 34457 1258 6 . . . 34457 1259 1 -------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------- -------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------- NFP 34457 1259 2 -15 -15 NNP 34457 1259 3 ° ° NNP 34457 1259 4 | | NNP 34457 1259 5 0.027 0.027 CD 34457 1259 6 cm cm NNS 34457 1259 7 . . . 34457 1260 1 | | NNP 34457 1260 2 0.022 0.022 CD 34457 1260 3 cm cm NNS 34457 1260 4 . . . 34457 1261 1 0 0 CD 34457 1261 2 | | CD 34457 1261 3 0.092 0.092 CD 34457 1261 4 " " '' 34457 1261 5 | | CD 34457 1261 6 0.076 0.076 CD 34457 1261 7 " " '' 34457 1261 8 +10 +10 NNP 34457 1261 9 | | CD 34457 1261 10 0.192 0.192 CD 34457 1261 11 " " '' 34457 1261 12 | | CD 34457 1261 13 0.162 0.162 CD 34457 1261 14 " " '' 34457 1261 15 20 20 CD 34457 1261 16 | | CD 34457 1261 17 0.378 0.378 CD 34457 1261 18 " " '' 34457 1261 19 | | CD 34457 1261 20 0.315 0.315 CD 34457 1261 21 " " '' 34457 1261 22 25 25 CD 34457 1261 23 | | CD 34457 1261 24 0.508 0.508 CD 34457 1261 25 " " `` 34457 1261 26 | | CD 34457 1261 27 0.432 0.432 CD 34457 1261 28 " " '' 34457 1261 29 29.2 29.2 CD 34457 1261 30 | | NNS 34457 1261 31 -- -- : 34457 1261 32 | | CD 34457 1261 33 0.567 0.567 CD 34457 1261 34 " " '' 34457 1261 35 29.8 29.8 CD 34457 1261 36 | | CD 34457 1261 37 0.680 0.680 CD 34457 1261 38 " " '' 34457 1261 39 | | CD 34457 1261 40 -- -- : 34457 1261 41 -------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------- -------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------- CD 34457 1261 42 { { -LRB- 34457 1261 43 89 89 CD 34457 1261 44 } } -RRB- 34457 1261 45 By by IN 34457 1261 46 reason reason NN 34457 1261 47 of of IN 34457 1261 48 the the DT 34457 1261 49 non non JJ 34457 1261 50 - - NN 34457 1261 51 recognition recognition NN 34457 1261 52 of of IN 34457 1261 53 the the DT 34457 1261 54 importance importance NN 34457 1261 55 of of IN 34457 1261 56 the the DT 34457 1261 57 solid solid JJ 34457 1261 58 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1261 59 product product NN 34457 1261 60 for for IN 34457 1261 61 the the DT 34457 1261 62 definition definition NN 34457 1261 63 of of IN 34457 1261 64 the the DT 34457 1261 65 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1261 66 pressure pressure NN 34457 1261 67 of of IN 34457 1261 68 a a DT 34457 1261 69 salt salt NN 34457 1261 70 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1261 71 , , , 34457 1261 72 many many JJ 34457 1261 73 of of IN 34457 1261 74 the the DT 34457 1261 75 older old JJR 34457 1261 76 determinations determination NNS 34457 1261 77 lose lose VBP 34457 1261 78 much much JJ 34457 1261 79 of of IN 34457 1261 80 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1261 81 value value NN 34457 1261 82 . . . 34457 1262 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 1262 2 Transformation.--Just Transformation.--Just , 34457 1262 3 as as IN 34457 1262 4 in in IN 34457 1262 5 systems system NNS 34457 1262 6 of of IN 34457 1262 7 one one CD 34457 1262 8 component component NN 34457 1262 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1262 10 found find VBD 34457 1262 11 that that IN 34457 1262 12 a a DT 34457 1262 13 new new JJ 34457 1262 14 phase phase NN 34457 1262 15 was be VBD 34457 1262 16 not not RB 34457 1262 17 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1262 18 formed form VBN 34457 1262 19 when when WRB 34457 1262 20 the the DT 34457 1262 21 conditions condition NNS 34457 1262 22 for for IN 34457 1262 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1262 24 existence existence NN 34457 1262 25 were be VBD 34457 1262 26 established establish VBN 34457 1262 27 , , , 34457 1262 28 so so RB 34457 1262 29 also also RB 34457 1262 30 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1262 31 find find VBP 34457 1262 32 that that IN 34457 1262 33 even even RB 34457 1262 34 when when WRB 34457 1262 35 the the DT 34457 1262 36 vapour vapour NN 34457 1262 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 1262 38 is be VBZ 34457 1262 39 lowered lower VBN 34457 1262 40 below below IN 34457 1262 41 the the DT 34457 1262 42 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1262 43 pressure pressure NN 34457 1262 44 of of IN 34457 1262 45 a a DT 34457 1262 46 system system NN 34457 1262 47 , , , 34457 1262 48 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1262 49 does do VBZ 34457 1262 50 not not RB 34457 1262 51 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1262 52 occur occur VB 34457 1262 53 . . . 34457 1263 1 This this DT 34457 1263 2 is be VBZ 34457 1263 3 well well RB 34457 1263 4 known know VBN 34457 1263 5 in in IN 34457 1263 6 the the DT 34457 1263 7 case case NN 34457 1263 8 of of IN 34457 1263 9 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 1263 10 's 's POS 34457 1263 11 salt salt NN 34457 1263 12 , , , 34457 1263 13 first first RB 34457 1263 14 observed observe VBN 34457 1263 15 by by IN 34457 1263 16 Faraday Faraday NNP 34457 1263 17 . . . 34457 1264 1 Undamaged undamaged JJ 34457 1264 2 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1264 3 of of IN 34457 1264 4 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 1264 5 could could MD 34457 1264 6 be be VB 34457 1264 7 kept keep VBN 34457 1264 8 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1264 9 in in IN 34457 1264 10 the the DT 34457 1264 11 open open JJ 34457 1264 12 air air NN 34457 1264 13 , , , 34457 1264 14 although although IN 34457 1264 15 the the DT 34457 1264 16 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1264 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1264 18 of of IN 34457 1264 19 the the DT 34457 1264 20 system system NN 34457 1264 21 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 1264 22 -- -- : 34457 1264 23 Na_{2}SO_{4}--vapour na_{2}so_{4}--vapour CD 34457 1264 24 is be VBZ 34457 1264 25 greater great JJR 34457 1264 26 than than IN 34457 1264 27 the the DT 34457 1264 28 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1264 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 1264 30 of of IN 34457 1264 31 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 1264 32 vapour vapour NN 34457 1264 33 in in IN 34457 1264 34 the the DT 34457 1264 35 air air NN 34457 1264 36 . . . 34457 1265 1 That that DT 34457 1265 2 is be VBZ 34457 1265 3 to to TO 34457 1265 4 say say VB 34457 1265 5 , , , 34457 1265 6 the the DT 34457 1265 7 possibility possibility NN 34457 1265 8 of of IN 34457 1265 9 the the DT 34457 1265 10 formation formation NN 34457 1265 11 of of IN 34457 1265 12 the the DT 34457 1265 13 new new JJ 34457 1265 14 phase phase NN 34457 1265 15 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 1265 16 } } -RRB- 34457 1265 17 was be VBD 34457 1265 18 given give VBN 34457 1265 19 ; ; : 34457 1265 20 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1265 21 this this DT 34457 1265 22 new new JJ 34457 1265 23 phase phase NN 34457 1265 24 did do VBD 34457 1265 25 not not RB 34457 1265 26 appear appear VB 34457 1265 27 , , , 34457 1265 28 and and CC 34457 1265 29 the the DT 34457 1265 30 system system NN 34457 1265 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 1265 32 became become VBD 34457 1265 33 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1265 34 , , , 34457 1265 35 or or CC 34457 1265 36 unstable unstable JJ 34457 1265 37 with with IN 34457 1265 38 respect respect NN 34457 1265 39 to to IN 34457 1265 40 the the DT 34457 1265 41 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1265 42 salt salt NN 34457 1265 43 . . . 34457 1266 1 When when WRB 34457 1266 2 , , , 34457 1266 3 however however RB 34457 1266 4 , , , 34457 1266 5 a a DT 34457 1266 6 trace trace NN 34457 1266 7 of of IN 34457 1266 8 the the DT 34457 1266 9 new new JJ 34457 1266 10 phase phase NN 34457 1266 11 -- -- : 34457 1266 12 the the DT 34457 1266 13 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1266 14 salt salt NN 34457 1266 15 -- -- : 34457 1266 16 was be VBD 34457 1266 17 brought bring VBN 34457 1266 18 in in IN 34457 1266 19 contact contact NN 34457 1266 20 with with IN 34457 1266 21 the the DT 34457 1266 22 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1266 23 , , , 34457 1266 24 transformation transformation NN 34457 1266 25 occurred occur VBD 34457 1266 26 ; ; : 34457 1266 27 the the DT 34457 1266 28 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1266 29 effloresced effloresce VBD 34457 1266 30 . . . 34457 1267 1 The the DT 34457 1267 2 possibility possibility NN 34457 1267 3 of of IN 34457 1267 4 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1267 5 transformation transformation NN 34457 1267 6 or or CC 34457 1267 7 the the DT 34457 1267 8 non non JJ 34457 1267 9 - - NN 34457 1267 10 formation formation NN 34457 1267 11 of of IN 34457 1267 12 the the DT 34457 1267 13 new new JJ 34457 1267 14 phases phase NNS 34457 1267 15 must must MD 34457 1267 16 also also RB 34457 1267 17 be be VB 34457 1267 18 granted grant VBN 34457 1267 19 in in IN 34457 1267 20 the the DT 34457 1267 21 case case NN 34457 1267 22 where where WRB 34457 1267 23 the the DT 34457 1267 24 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1267 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 1267 26 is be VBZ 34457 1267 27 raised raise VBN 34457 1267 28 above above IN 34457 1267 29 that that IN 34457 1267 30 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1267 31 to to IN 34457 1267 32 the the DT 34457 1267 33 system system NN 34457 1267 34 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1267 35 -- -- : 34457 1267 36 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1267 37 salt salt NN 34457 1267 38 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1267 39 or or CC 34457 1267 40 lower low JJR 34457 1267 41 hydrate)--vapour hydrate)--vapour NN 34457 1267 42 ; ; : 34457 1267 43 in in IN 34457 1267 44 this this DT 34457 1267 45 case case NN 34457 1267 46 the the DT 34457 1267 47 formation formation NN 34457 1267 48 of of IN 34457 1267 49 the the DT 34457 1267 50 higher high JJR 34457 1267 51 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1267 52 becomes become VBZ 34457 1267 53 a a DT 34457 1267 54 possibility possibility NN 34457 1267 55 , , , 34457 1267 56 but but CC 34457 1267 57 not not RB 34457 1267 58 a a DT 34457 1267 59 certainty certainty NN 34457 1267 60 . . . 34457 1268 1 Although although IN 34457 1268 2 there there EX 34457 1268 3 is be VBZ 34457 1268 4 no no DT 34457 1268 5 example example NN 34457 1268 6 of of IN 34457 1268 7 this this DT 34457 1268 8 known know VBN 34457 1268 9 in in IN 34457 1268 10 the the DT 34457 1268 11 case case NN 34457 1268 12 of of IN 34457 1268 13 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1268 14 salts salt NNS 34457 1268 15 , , , 34457 1268 16 the the DT 34457 1268 17 suspension suspension NN 34457 1268 18 of of IN 34457 1268 19 the the DT 34457 1268 20 transformation transformation NN 34457 1268 21 has have VBZ 34457 1268 22 been be VBN 34457 1268 23 observed observe VBN 34457 1268 24 in in IN 34457 1268 25 the the DT 34457 1268 26 case case NN 34457 1268 27 of of IN 34457 1268 28 the the DT 34457 1268 29 compounds compound NNS 34457 1268 30 of of IN 34457 1268 31 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1268 32 with with IN 34457 1268 33 the the DT 34457 1268 34 metal metal NN 34457 1268 35 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 1268 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1268 37 p. p. NN 34457 1268 38 82 82 CD 34457 1268 39 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1268 40 . . . 34457 1269 1 Horstmann,[158 horstmann,[158 LS 34457 1269 2 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1269 3 for for IN 34457 1269 4 example example NN 34457 1269 5 , , , 34457 1269 6 found find VBD 34457 1269 7 that that IN 34457 1269 8 the the DT 34457 1269 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1269 10 of of IN 34457 1269 11 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 1269 12 in in IN 34457 1269 13 contact contact NN 34457 1269 14 with with IN 34457 1269 15 2AgCl,3NH_{3 2agcl,3nh_{3 CD 34457 1269 16 } } -RRB- 34457 1269 17 could could MD 34457 1269 18 be be VB 34457 1269 19 raised raise VBN 34457 1269 20 to to IN 34457 1269 21 a a DT 34457 1269 22 value value NN 34457 1269 23 higher high JJR 34457 1269 24 than than IN 34457 1269 25 the the DT 34457 1269 26 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1269 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 1269 28 of of IN 34457 1269 29 AgCl,3NH_{3 AgCl,3NH_{3 NNP 34457 1269 30 } } -RRB- 34457 1269 31 without without IN 34457 1269 32 this this DT 34457 1269 33 compound compound NN 34457 1269 34 being be VBG 34457 1269 35 formed form VBN 34457 1269 36 . . . 34457 1270 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1270 2 see see VBP 34457 1270 3 , , , 34457 1270 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1270 5 , , , 34457 1270 6 that that IN 34457 1270 7 even even RB 34457 1270 8 when when WRB 34457 1270 9 the the DT 34457 1270 10 existence existence NN 34457 1270 11 of of IN 34457 1270 12 the the DT 34457 1270 13 higher high JJR 34457 1270 14 compound compound NN 34457 1270 15 in in IN 34457 1270 16 contact contact NN 34457 1270 17 with with IN 34457 1270 18 the the DT 34457 1270 19 lower low JJR 34457 1270 20 became become VBD 34457 1270 21 possible possible JJ 34457 1270 22 , , , 34457 1270 23 the the DT 34457 1270 24 higher high JJR 34457 1270 25 compound compound NN 34457 1270 26 was be VBD 34457 1270 27 not not RB 34457 1270 28 immediately immediately RB 34457 1270 29 formed form VBN 34457 1270 30 . . . 34457 1271 1 Range Range NNP 34457 1271 2 of of IN 34457 1271 3 Existence existence NN 34457 1271 4 of of IN 34457 1271 5 Hydrates.--In Hydrates.--In NNP 34457 1271 6 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1271 7 . . . 34457 1272 1 19 19 CD 34457 1272 2 the the DT 34457 1272 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 1272 4 { { -LRB- 34457 1272 5 90 90 CD 34457 1272 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1272 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1272 8 curves curve NNS 34457 1272 9 of of IN 34457 1272 10 the the DT 34457 1272 11 different different JJ 34457 1272 12 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1272 13 of of IN 34457 1272 14 copper copper NN 34457 1272 15 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1272 16 are be VBP 34457 1272 17 represented represent VBN 34457 1272 18 as as IN 34457 1272 19 maintaining maintain VBG 34457 1272 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1272 21 relative relative JJ 34457 1272 22 positions position NNS 34457 1272 23 throughout throughout IN 34457 1272 24 the the DT 34457 1272 25 whole whole JJ 34457 1272 26 range range NN 34457 1272 27 of of IN 34457 1272 28 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1272 29 . . . 34457 1273 1 But but CC 34457 1273 2 this this DT 34457 1273 3 is be VBZ 34457 1273 4 not not RB 34457 1273 5 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1273 6 the the DT 34457 1273 7 case case NN 34457 1273 8 . . . 34457 1274 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1274 2 is be VBZ 34457 1274 3 possible possible JJ 34457 1274 4 that that IN 34457 1274 5 at at IN 34457 1274 6 some some DT 34457 1274 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 1274 8 the the DT 34457 1274 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 1274 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1274 11 curve curve NN 34457 1274 12 of of IN 34457 1274 13 a a DT 34457 1274 14 lower low JJR 34457 1274 15 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1274 16 may may MD 34457 1274 17 cut cut VB 34457 1274 18 that that DT 34457 1274 19 of of IN 34457 1274 20 a a DT 34457 1274 21 higher high JJR 34457 1274 22 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1274 23 . . . 34457 1275 1 At at IN 34457 1275 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1275 3 above above IN 34457 1275 4 the the DT 34457 1275 5 point point NN 34457 1275 6 of of IN 34457 1275 7 intersection intersection NN 34457 1275 8 , , , 34457 1275 9 the the DT 34457 1275 10 lower low JJR 34457 1275 11 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1275 12 would would MD 34457 1275 13 have have VB 34457 1275 14 a a DT 34457 1275 15 higher high JJR 34457 1275 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 1275 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1275 18 than than IN 34457 1275 19 the the DT 34457 1275 20 higher high JJR 34457 1275 21 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1275 22 , , , 34457 1275 23 and and CC 34457 1275 24 would would MD 34457 1275 25 therefore therefore RB 34457 1275 26 be be VB 34457 1275 27 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1275 28 with with IN 34457 1275 29 respect respect NN 34457 1275 30 to to IN 34457 1275 31 the the DT 34457 1275 32 latter latter JJ 34457 1275 33 . . . 34457 1276 1 The the DT 34457 1276 2 range range NN 34457 1276 3 of of IN 34457 1276 4 stable stable JJ 34457 1276 5 existence existence NN 34457 1276 6 of of IN 34457 1276 7 the the DT 34457 1276 8 lower low JJR 34457 1276 9 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1276 10 would would MD 34457 1276 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 1276 12 end end VB 34457 1276 13 at at IN 34457 1276 14 the the DT 34457 1276 15 point point NN 34457 1276 16 of of IN 34457 1276 17 intersection intersection NN 34457 1276 18 . . . 34457 1277 1 This this DT 34457 1277 2 appears appear VBZ 34457 1277 3 to to TO 34457 1277 4 be be VB 34457 1277 5 the the DT 34457 1277 6 case case NN 34457 1277 7 with with IN 34457 1277 8 the the DT 34457 1277 9 two two CD 34457 1277 10 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1277 11 of of IN 34457 1277 12 sodium sodium NN 34457 1277 13 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1277 14 , , , 34457 1277 15 to to TO 34457 1277 16 which which WDT 34457 1277 17 reference reference NN 34457 1277 18 will will MD 34457 1277 19 be be VB 34457 1277 20 made make VBN 34457 1277 21 later later RBR 34457 1277 22 . . . 34457 1278 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1278 2 159 159 CD 34457 1278 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1278 4 Constancy Constancy NNP 34457 1278 5 of of IN 34457 1278 6 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 1278 7 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1278 8 and and CC 34457 1278 9 the the DT 34457 1278 10 Formation Formation NNP 34457 1278 11 of of IN 34457 1278 12 Compounds.--We Compounds.--We NNP 34457 1278 13 have have VBP 34457 1278 14 seen see VBN 34457 1278 15 in in IN 34457 1278 16 the the DT 34457 1278 17 case case NN 34457 1278 18 of of IN 34457 1278 19 the the DT 34457 1278 20 salt salt NN 34457 1278 21 hydrates hydrate VBZ 34457 1278 22 that that IN 34457 1278 23 the the DT 34457 1278 24 continued continue VBN 34457 1278 25 addition addition NN 34457 1278 26 of of IN 34457 1278 27 the the DT 34457 1278 28 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1278 29 phase phase NN 34457 1278 30 to to IN 34457 1278 31 the the DT 34457 1278 32 system system NN 34457 1278 33 caused cause VBD 34457 1278 34 an an DT 34457 1278 35 increase increase NN 34457 1278 36 in in IN 34457 1278 37 the the DT 34457 1278 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1278 39 until until IN 34457 1278 40 at at IN 34457 1278 41 a a DT 34457 1278 42 definite definite JJ 34457 1278 43 value value NN 34457 1278 44 of of IN 34457 1278 45 the the DT 34457 1278 46 pressure pressure NN 34457 1278 47 a a DT 34457 1278 48 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1278 49 is be VBZ 34457 1278 50 formed form VBN 34457 1278 51 ; ; : 34457 1278 52 the the DT 34457 1278 53 pressure pressure NN 34457 1278 54 then then RB 34457 1278 55 becomes become VBZ 34457 1278 56 constant constant JJ 34457 1278 57 , , , 34457 1278 58 and and CC 34457 1278 59 remains remain VBZ 34457 1278 60 so so RB 34457 1278 61 , , , 34457 1278 62 until until IN 34457 1278 63 one one CD 34457 1278 64 of of IN 34457 1278 65 the the DT 34457 1278 66 solid solid JJ 34457 1278 67 phases phase NNS 34457 1278 68 has have VBZ 34457 1278 69 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1278 70 . . . 34457 1279 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1279 2 , , , 34457 1279 3 on on IN 34457 1279 4 withdrawing withdraw VBG 34457 1279 5 the the DT 34457 1279 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 1279 7 phase phase NN 34457 1279 8 , , , 34457 1279 9 the the DT 34457 1279 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1279 11 remained remain VBD 34457 1279 12 constant constant JJ 34457 1279 13 so so RB 34457 1279 14 long long RB 34457 1279 15 as as IN 34457 1279 16 any any DT 34457 1279 17 of of IN 34457 1279 18 the the DT 34457 1279 19 dissociating dissociate VBG 34457 1279 20 compound compound NN 34457 1279 21 was be VBD 34457 1279 22 present present JJ 34457 1279 23 , , , 34457 1279 24 independently independently RB 34457 1279 25 of of IN 34457 1279 26 the the DT 34457 1279 27 degree degree NN 34457 1279 28 of of IN 34457 1279 29 the the DT 34457 1279 30 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 1279 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1279 32 p. p. NN 34457 1279 33 86 86 CD 34457 1279 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1279 35 . . . 34457 1280 1 This this DT 34457 1280 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1280 3 , , , 34457 1280 4 now now RB 34457 1280 5 , , , 34457 1280 6 has have VBZ 34457 1280 7 been be VBN 34457 1280 8 employed employ VBN 34457 1280 9 for for IN 34457 1280 10 the the DT 34457 1280 11 purpose purpose NN 34457 1280 12 of of IN 34457 1280 13 determining determine VBG 34457 1280 14 whether whether IN 34457 1280 15 or or CC 34457 1280 16 not not RB 34457 1280 17 definite definite JJ 34457 1280 18 chemical chemical JJ 34457 1280 19 compounds compound NNS 34457 1280 20 are be VBP 34457 1280 21 formed form VBN 34457 1280 22 . . . 34457 1281 1 Should Should MD 34457 1281 2 compounds compound NNS 34457 1281 3 be be VB 34457 1281 4 formed form VBN 34457 1281 5 between between IN 34457 1281 6 the the DT 34457 1281 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 1281 8 phase phase NN 34457 1281 9 and and CC 34457 1281 10 the the DT 34457 1281 11 solid solid JJ 34457 1281 12 , , , 34457 1281 13 then then RB 34457 1281 14 , , , 34457 1281 15 on on IN 34457 1281 16 continued continued JJ 34457 1281 17 addition addition NN 34457 1281 18 or or CC 34457 1281 19 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1281 20 of of IN 34457 1281 21 the the DT 34457 1281 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 1281 23 phase phase NN 34457 1281 24 , , , 34457 1281 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1281 26 will will MD 34457 1281 27 be be VB 34457 1281 28 found find VBN 34457 1281 29 that that IN 34457 1281 30 the the DT 34457 1281 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 1281 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 1281 33 remains remain VBZ 34457 1281 34 constant constant JJ 34457 1281 35 for for IN 34457 1281 36 a a DT 34457 1281 37 certain certain JJ 34457 1281 38 time time NN 34457 1281 39 , , , 34457 1281 40 and and CC 34457 1281 41 will will MD 34457 1281 42 then then RB 34457 1281 43 suddenly suddenly RB 34457 1281 44 assume assume VB 34457 1281 45 a a DT 34457 1281 46 new new JJ 34457 1281 47 value value NN 34457 1281 48 , , , 34457 1281 49 at at IN 34457 1281 50 which which WDT 34457 1281 51 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1281 52 will will MD 34457 1281 53 again again RB 34457 1281 54 remain remain VB 34457 1281 55 constant constant JJ 34457 1281 56 . . . 34457 1282 1 By by IN 34457 1282 2 this this DT 34457 1282 3 method method NN 34457 1282 4 , , , 34457 1282 5 Ramsay[160 ramsay[160 CD 34457 1282 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1282 7 found find VBD 34457 1282 8 that that IN 34457 1282 9 no no DT 34457 1282 10 definite definite JJ 34457 1282 11 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1282 12 were be VBD 34457 1282 13 formed form VBN 34457 1282 14 in in IN 34457 1282 15 the the DT 34457 1282 16 case case NN 34457 1282 17 of of IN 34457 1282 18 ferric ferric JJ 34457 1282 19 and and CC 34457 1282 20 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 1282 21 oxides oxide NNS 34457 1282 22 , , , 34457 1282 23 but but CC 34457 1282 24 that that IN 34457 1282 25 two two CD 34457 1282 26 are be VBP 34457 1282 27 formed form VBN 34457 1282 28 in in IN 34457 1282 29 the the DT 34457 1282 30 case case NN 34457 1282 31 of of IN 34457 1282 32 lead lead NN 34457 1282 33 oxide oxide NN 34457 1282 34 , , , 34457 1282 35 viz viz NN 34457 1282 36 . . . 34457 1283 1 2PbO 2pbo CD 34457 1283 2 , , , 34457 1283 3 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 1283 4 and and CC 34457 1283 5 3PbO 3pbo CD 34457 1283 6 , , , 34457 1283 7 H_{2}O. H_{2}O. NNP 34457 1284 1 The the DT 34457 1284 2 method method NN 34457 1284 3 has have VBZ 34457 1284 4 also also RB 34457 1284 5 been be VBN 34457 1284 6 applied apply VBN 34457 1284 7 to to IN 34457 1284 8 the the DT 34457 1284 9 investigation investigation NN 34457 1284 10 of of IN 34457 1284 11 the the DT 34457 1284 12 so so RB 34457 1284 13 - - HYPH 34457 1284 14 called call VBN 34457 1284 15 palladium palladium NN 34457 1284 16 hydride,[161 hydride,[161 NNP 34457 1284 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1284 18 and and CC 34457 1284 19 the the DT 34457 1284 20 results result NNS 34457 1284 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1284 22 appear appear VBP 34457 1284 23 to to TO 34457 1284 24 show show VB 34457 1284 25 that that IN 34457 1284 26 no no DT 34457 1284 27 compound compound NN 34457 1284 28 is be VBZ 34457 1284 29 formed form VBN 34457 1284 30 . . . 34457 1285 1 Reference reference NN 34457 1285 2 will will MD 34457 1285 3 , , , 34457 1285 4 however however RB 34457 1285 5 , , , 34457 1285 6 be be VB 34457 1285 7 made make VBN 34457 1285 8 to to IN 34457 1285 9 this this DT 34457 1285 10 case case NN 34457 1285 11 later later RB 34457 1285 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1285 13 Chap Chap NNP 34457 1285 14 . . . 34457 1286 1 X. X. NNP 34457 1286 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1286 3 . . . 34457 1287 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1287 2 91 91 CD 34457 1287 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1287 4 Measurement Measurement NNP 34457 1287 5 of of IN 34457 1287 6 the the DT 34457 1287 7 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 1287 8 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1287 9 of of IN 34457 1287 10 Hydrates.--For Hydrates.--For NNP 34457 1287 11 the the DT 34457 1287 12 purpose purpose NN 34457 1287 13 of of IN 34457 1287 14 measuring measure VBG 34457 1287 15 the the DT 34457 1287 16 small small JJ 34457 1287 17 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1287 18 exerted exert VBN 34457 1287 19 by by IN 34457 1287 20 the the DT 34457 1287 21 vapour vapour NN 34457 1287 22 of of IN 34457 1287 23 salt salt NN 34457 1287 24 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1287 25 , , , 34457 1287 26 use use NN 34457 1287 27 is be VBZ 34457 1287 28 very very RB 34457 1287 29 generally generally RB 34457 1287 30 made make VBN 34457 1287 31 of of IN 34457 1287 32 a a DT 34457 1287 33 differential differential NN 34457 1287 34 manometer manometer NN 34457 1287 35 called call VBD 34457 1287 36 the the DT 34457 1287 37 _ _ NNP 34457 1287 38 Bremer Bremer NNP 34457 1287 39 - - HYPH 34457 1287 40 Frowein Frowein NNP 34457 1287 41 tensimeter tensimeter NN 34457 1287 42 _ _ NNP 34457 1287 43 . . . 34457 1288 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1288 2 162 162 CD 34457 1288 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1288 4 This this DT 34457 1288 5 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 1288 6 has have VBZ 34457 1288 7 the the DT 34457 1288 8 form form NN 34457 1288 9 shown show VBN 34457 1288 10 in in IN 34457 1288 11 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1288 12 . . . 34457 1289 1 21 21 CD 34457 1289 2 . . . 34457 1290 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1290 2 consists consist VBZ 34457 1290 3 of of IN 34457 1290 4 a a DT 34457 1290 5 U U NNP 34457 1290 6 - - NN 34457 1290 7 tube tube NNP 34457 1290 8 , , , 34457 1290 9 the the DT 34457 1290 10 limbs limb NNS 34457 1290 11 of of IN 34457 1290 12 which which WDT 34457 1290 13 are be VBP 34457 1290 14 bent bent JJ 34457 1290 15 close close RB 34457 1290 16 together together RB 34457 1290 17 , , , 34457 1290 18 and and CC 34457 1290 19 placed place VBN 34457 1290 20 in in IN 34457 1290 21 front front NN 34457 1290 22 of of IN 34457 1290 23 a a DT 34457 1290 24 millimetre millimetre NN 34457 1290 25 scale scale NN 34457 1290 26 . . . 34457 1291 1 The the DT 34457 1291 2 bend bend NN 34457 1291 3 of of IN 34457 1291 4 the the DT 34457 1291 5 tube tube NN 34457 1291 6 is be VBZ 34457 1291 7 filled fill VBN 34457 1291 8 with with IN 34457 1291 9 oil oil NN 34457 1291 10 or or CC 34457 1291 11 other other JJ 34457 1291 12 suitable suitable JJ 34457 1291 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 1291 14 , , , 34457 1291 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1291 16 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1291 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1291 18 bromonaphthalene bromonaphthalene NN 34457 1291 19 . . . 34457 1292 1 If if IN 34457 1292 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1292 3 is be VBZ 34457 1292 4 desired desire VBN 34457 1292 5 to to TO 34457 1292 6 measure measure VB 34457 1292 7 the the DT 34457 1292 8 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1292 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1292 10 of of IN 34457 1292 11 , , , 34457 1292 12 say say VB 34457 1292 13 , , , 34457 1292 14 a a DT 34457 1292 15 salt salt NN 34457 1292 16 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1292 17 , , , 34457 1292 18 concentrated concentrate VBD 34457 1292 19 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 34457 1292 20 acid acid NN 34457 1292 21 is be VBZ 34457 1292 22 placed place VBN 34457 1292 23 in in IN 34457 1292 24 the the DT 34457 1292 25 flask flask NN 34457 1292 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1292 27 e e NNP 34457 1292 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1292 29 , , , 34457 1292 30 and and CC 34457 1292 31 a a DT 34457 1292 32 quantity quantity NN 34457 1292 33 of of IN 34457 1292 34 the the DT 34457 1292 35 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1292 36 , , , 34457 1292 37 well well RB 34457 1292 38 dried dried JJ 34457 1292 39 and and CC 34457 1292 40 powdered,[163 powdered,[163 NNP 34457 1292 41 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1292 42 in in IN 34457 1292 43 the the DT 34457 1292 44 bulb bulb NN 34457 1292 45 d. d. NN 34457 1292 46 The the DT 34457 1292 47 necks neck NNS 34457 1292 48 of of IN 34457 1292 49 the the DT 34457 1292 50 bulbs bulb NNS 34457 1292 51 _ _ NNP 34457 1292 52 d d NNP 34457 1292 53 _ _ NNP 34457 1292 54 and and CC 34457 1292 55 _ _ NNP 34457 1292 56 e e NNP 34457 1292 57 _ _ NNP 34457 1292 58 are be VBP 34457 1292 59 then then RB 34457 1292 60 sealed seal VBN 34457 1292 61 off off RP 34457 1292 62 . . . 34457 1293 1 Since since IN 34457 1293 2 , , , 34457 1293 3 as as IN 34457 1293 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1293 5 have have VBP 34457 1293 6 learned learn VBN 34457 1293 7 , , , 34457 1293 8 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1293 9 transformation transformation NN 34457 1293 10 may may MD 34457 1293 11 occur occur VB 34457 1293 12 , , , 34457 1293 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1293 14 is be VBZ 34457 1293 15 advisable advisable JJ 34457 1293 16 to to TO 34457 1293 17 first first RB 34457 1293 18 partially partially RB 34457 1293 19 dehydrate dehydrate VB 34457 1293 20 the the DT 34457 1293 21 salt salt NN 34457 1293 22 , , , 34457 1293 23 in in IN 34457 1293 24 order order NN 34457 1293 25 to to TO 34457 1293 26 ensure ensure VB 34457 1293 27 the the DT 34457 1293 28 presence presence NN 34457 1293 29 of of IN 34457 1293 30 the the DT 34457 1293 31 second second JJ 34457 1293 32 solid solid JJ 34457 1293 33 product product NN 34457 1293 34 of of IN 34457 1293 35 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1293 36 ; ; : 34457 1293 37 the the DT 34457 1293 38 value value NN 34457 1293 39 of of IN 34457 1293 40 the the DT 34457 1293 41 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1293 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 1293 43 being be VBG 34457 1293 44 independent independent JJ 34457 1293 45 of of IN 34457 1293 46 the the DT 34457 1293 47 degree degree NN 34457 1293 48 of of IN 34457 1293 49 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1293 50 of of IN 34457 1293 51 the the DT 34457 1293 52 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1293 53 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1293 54 p. p. NN 34457 1293 55 86 86 CD 34457 1293 56 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1293 57 . . . 34457 1294 1 The the DT 34457 1294 2 small small JJ 34457 1294 3 bulbs bulb NNS 34457 1294 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 5 d d NNP 34457 1294 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 7 and and CC 34457 1294 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 9 e e NNP 34457 1294 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 11 having have VBG 34457 1294 12 been be VBN 34457 1294 13 filled fill VBN 34457 1294 14 , , , 34457 1294 15 the the DT 34457 1294 16 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 1294 17 is be VBZ 34457 1294 18 placed place VBN 34457 1294 19 on on IN 34457 1294 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1294 21 side side NN 34457 1294 22 , , , 34457 1294 23 so so IN 34457 1294 24 as as IN 34457 1294 25 to to TO 34457 1294 26 allow allow VB 34457 1294 27 the the DT 34457 1294 28 liquid liquid NN 34457 1294 29 to to TO 34457 1294 30 run run VB 34457 1294 31 from from IN 34457 1294 32 the the DT 34457 1294 33 bend bend NN 34457 1294 34 of of IN 34457 1294 35 the the DT 34457 1294 36 tube tube NN 34457 1294 37 into into IN 34457 1294 38 the the DT 34457 1294 39 bulbs bulb NNS 34457 1294 40 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 41 a a DT 34457 1294 42 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 43 and and CC 34457 1294 44 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 45 b b NNP 34457 1294 46 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 47 ; ; : 34457 1294 48 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1294 49 is be VBZ 34457 1294 50 then then RB 34457 1294 51 exhausted exhaust VBN 34457 1294 52 through through IN 34457 1294 53 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 54 f f NNP 34457 1294 55 _ _ NNP 34457 1294 56 by by IN 34457 1294 57 means mean NNS 34457 1294 58 of of IN 34457 1294 59 a a DT 34457 1294 60 mercury mercury NN 34457 1294 61 pump pump NN 34457 1294 62 , , , 34457 1294 63 and and CC 34457 1294 64 sealed seal VBD 34457 1294 65 off off RP 34457 1294 66 . . . 34457 1295 1 The the DT 34457 1295 2 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 1295 3 is be VBZ 34457 1295 4 now now RB 34457 1295 5 placed place VBN 34457 1295 6 in in IN 34457 1295 7 a a DT 34457 1295 8 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34457 1295 9 position position NN 34457 1295 10 in in IN 34457 1295 11 a a DT 34457 1295 12 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 1295 13 , , , 34457 1295 14 and and CC 34457 1295 15 kept keep VBD 34457 1295 16 at at IN 34457 1295 17 constant constant JJ 34457 1295 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1295 19 until until IN 34457 1295 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1295 21 is be VBZ 34457 1295 22 established establish VBN 34457 1295 23 . . . 34457 1296 1 Since since IN 34457 1296 2 the the DT 34457 1296 3 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1296 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 1296 5 on on IN 34457 1296 6 the the DT 34457 1296 7 side side NN 34457 1296 8 containing contain VBG 34457 1296 9 the the DT 34457 1296 10 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 34457 1296 11 acid acid NN 34457 1296 12 may may MD 34457 1296 13 be be VB 34457 1296 14 regarded regard VBN 34457 1296 15 as as IN 34457 1296 16 zero zero CD 34457 1296 17 , , , 34457 1296 18 the the DT 34457 1296 19 difference difference NN 34457 1296 20 in in IN 34457 1296 21 level level NN 34457 1296 22 of of IN 34457 1296 23 the the DT 34457 1296 24 two two CD 34457 1296 25 surfaces surface NNS 34457 1296 26 of of IN 34457 1296 27 liquid liquid NN 34457 1296 28 in in IN 34457 1296 29 the the DT 34457 1296 30 U U NNP 34457 1296 31 - - NN 34457 1296 32 tube tube NN 34457 1296 33 gives give VBZ 34457 1296 34 directly directly RB 34457 1296 35 the the DT 34457 1296 36 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1296 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 1296 38 of of IN 34457 1296 39 the the DT 34457 1296 40 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1296 41 in in IN 34457 1296 42 terms term NNS 34457 1296 43 of of IN 34457 1296 44 the the DT 34457 1296 45 particular particular JJ 34457 1296 46 liquid liquid NN 34457 1296 47 employed employ VBN 34457 1296 48 ; ; : 34457 1296 49 if if IN 34457 1296 50 the the DT 34457 1296 51 density density NN 34457 1296 52 of of IN 34457 1296 53 the the DT 34457 1296 54 latter latter JJ 34457 1296 55 is be VBZ 34457 1296 56 known know VBN 34457 1296 57 , , , 34457 1296 58 the the DT 34457 1296 59 pressure pressure NN 34457 1296 60 can can MD 34457 1296 61 then then RB 34457 1296 62 be be VB 34457 1296 63 calculated calculate VBN 34457 1296 64 to to IN 34457 1296 65 cm cm NNP 34457 1296 66 . . . 34457 1297 1 of of IN 34457 1297 2 mercury mercury NNP 34457 1297 3 . . . 34457 1298 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1298 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1298 3 : : : 34457 1298 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1298 5 . . . 34457 1299 1 21 21 CD 34457 1299 2 . . . 34457 1299 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1300 1 * * NFP 34457 1300 2 * * NFP 34457 1300 3 * * NFP 34457 1300 4 * * NFP 34457 1300 5 * * NFP 34457 1300 6 { { -LRB- 34457 1300 7 92 92 CD 34457 1300 8 } } -RRB- 34457 1300 9 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 1300 10 VI VI NNP 34457 1300 11 SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS NNP 34457 1300 12 Definition.--In Definition.--In NNP 34457 1300 13 all all PDT 34457 1300 14 the the DT 34457 1300 15 cases case NNS 34457 1300 16 which which WDT 34457 1300 17 have have VBP 34457 1300 18 been be VBN 34457 1300 19 considered consider VBN 34457 1300 20 in in IN 34457 1300 21 the the DT 34457 1300 22 preceding precede VBG 34457 1300 23 pages page NNS 34457 1300 24 , , , 34457 1300 25 the the DT 34457 1300 26 different different JJ 34457 1300 27 phases phase NNS 34457 1300 28 -- -- : 34457 1300 29 with with IN 34457 1300 30 the the DT 34457 1300 31 exception exception NN 34457 1300 32 of of IN 34457 1300 33 the the DT 34457 1300 34 vapour vapour NN 34457 1300 35 phase phase NN 34457 1300 36 -- -- : 34457 1300 37 consisted consist VBD 34457 1300 38 of of IN 34457 1300 39 a a DT 34457 1300 40 single single JJ 34457 1300 41 substance substance NN 34457 1300 42 of of IN 34457 1300 43 definite definite JJ 34457 1300 44 composition composition NN 34457 1300 45 , , , 34457 1300 46 or or CC 34457 1300 47 were be VBD 34457 1300 48 definite definite JJ 34457 1300 49 chemical chemical NN 34457 1300 50 individuals individual NNS 34457 1300 51 . . . 34457 1301 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1301 2 164 164 CD 34457 1301 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1301 4 But but CC 34457 1301 5 this this DT 34457 1301 6 invariability invariability NN 34457 1301 7 of of IN 34457 1301 8 the the DT 34457 1301 9 composition composition NN 34457 1301 10 is be VBZ 34457 1301 11 by by IN 34457 1301 12 no no DT 34457 1301 13 means mean NNS 34457 1301 14 imposed impose VBN 34457 1301 15 by by IN 34457 1301 16 the the DT 34457 1301 17 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1301 18 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1301 19 ; ; : 34457 1301 20 on on IN 34457 1301 21 the the DT 34457 1301 22 contrary contrary NN 34457 1301 23 , , , 34457 1301 24 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1301 25 shall shall MD 34457 1301 26 find find VB 34457 1301 27 in in IN 34457 1301 28 the the DT 34457 1301 29 examples example NNS 34457 1301 30 which which WDT 34457 1301 31 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1301 32 now now RB 34457 1301 33 proceed proceed VBP 34457 1301 34 to to TO 34457 1301 35 study study VB 34457 1301 36 , , , 34457 1301 37 that that IN 34457 1301 38 the the DT 34457 1301 39 participation participation NN 34457 1301 40 of of IN 34457 1301 41 phases phase NNS 34457 1301 42 of of IN 34457 1301 43 variable variable JJ 34457 1301 44 composition composition NN 34457 1301 45 in in IN 34457 1301 46 the the DT 34457 1301 47 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1301 48 of of IN 34457 1301 49 a a DT 34457 1301 50 system system NN 34457 1301 51 is be VBZ 34457 1301 52 in in IN 34457 1301 53 no no DT 34457 1301 54 way way NN 34457 1301 55 excluded exclude VBN 34457 1301 56 . . . 34457 1302 1 To to IN 34457 1302 2 such such JJ 34457 1302 3 phases phase NNS 34457 1302 4 of of IN 34457 1302 5 variable variable JJ 34457 1302 6 composition composition NN 34457 1302 7 there there EX 34457 1302 8 is be VBZ 34457 1302 9 applied apply VBN 34457 1302 10 the the DT 34457 1302 11 term term NN 34457 1302 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1302 13 solution solution NN 34457 1302 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1302 15 . . . 34457 1303 1 A a DT 34457 1303 2 solution solution NN 34457 1303 3 , , , 34457 1303 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1303 5 , , , 34457 1303 6 is be VBZ 34457 1303 7 to to TO 34457 1303 8 be be VB 34457 1303 9 defined define VBN 34457 1303 10 as as IN 34457 1303 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1303 12 a a DT 34457 1303 13 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1303 14 mixture mixture NN 34457 1303 15 , , , 34457 1303 16 the the DT 34457 1303 17 composition composition NN 34457 1303 18 of of IN 34457 1303 19 which which WDT 34457 1303 20 can can MD 34457 1303 21 undergo undergo VB 34457 1303 22 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1303 23 variation variation NN 34457 1303 24 within within IN 34457 1303 25 certain certain JJ 34457 1303 26 limits limit NNS 34457 1303 27 _ _ NNP 34457 1303 28 ; ; : 34457 1303 29 the the DT 34457 1303 30 limits limit NNS 34457 1303 31 , , , 34457 1303 32 namely namely RB 34457 1303 33 , , , 34457 1303 34 of of IN 34457 1303 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1303 36 existence existence NN 34457 1303 37 . . . 34457 1304 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1304 2 165 165 CD 34457 1304 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1304 4 From from IN 34457 1304 5 this this DT 34457 1304 6 definition definition NN 34457 1304 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1304 8 see see VBP 34457 1304 9 that that IN 34457 1304 10 the the DT 34457 1304 11 term term NN 34457 1304 12 solution solution NN 34457 1304 13 is be VBZ 34457 1304 14 not not RB 34457 1304 15 restricted restrict VBN 34457 1304 16 to to IN 34457 1304 17 any any DT 34457 1304 18 particular particular JJ 34457 1304 19 physical physical JJ 34457 1304 20 state state NN 34457 1304 21 of of IN 34457 1304 22 substances substance NNS 34457 1304 23 , , , 34457 1304 24 but but CC 34457 1304 25 includes include VBZ 34457 1304 26 within within IN 34457 1304 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1304 28 range range NN 34457 1304 29 not not RB 34457 1304 30 only only RB 34457 1304 31 the the DT 34457 1304 32 liquid liquid NN 34457 1304 33 , , , 34457 1304 34 but but CC 34457 1304 35 also also RB 34457 1304 36 the the DT 34457 1304 37 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 1304 38 and and CC 34457 1304 39 solid solid JJ 34457 1304 40 states state NNS 34457 1304 41 . . . 34457 1305 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1305 2 may may MD 34457 1305 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1305 4 have have VB 34457 1305 5 solutions solution NNS 34457 1305 6 of of IN 34457 1305 7 gases gas NNS 34457 1305 8 in in IN 34457 1305 9 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1305 10 , , , 34457 1305 11 and and CC 34457 1305 12 of of IN 34457 1305 13 gases gas NNS 34457 1305 14 in in IN 34457 1305 15 solids solid NNS 34457 1305 16 ; ; , 34457 1305 17 of of IN 34457 1305 18 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1305 19 in in IN 34457 1305 20 liquids liquids NNP 34457 1305 21 or or CC 34457 1305 22 in in IN 34457 1305 23 solids solid NNS 34457 1305 24 ; ; , 34457 1305 25 of of IN 34457 1305 26 solids solid NNS 34457 1305 27 in in IN 34457 1305 28 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1305 29 , , , 34457 1305 30 or or CC 34457 1305 31 of of IN 34457 1305 32 solids solid NNS 34457 1305 33 in in IN 34457 1305 34 solids solid NNS 34457 1305 35 . . . 34457 1306 1 Solutions solution NNS 34457 1306 2 of of IN 34457 1306 3 gases gas NNS 34457 1306 4 in in IN 34457 1306 5 gases gas NNS 34457 1306 6 are be VBP 34457 1306 7 , , , 34457 1306 8 of of IN 34457 1306 9 course course NN 34457 1306 10 , , , 34457 1306 11 also also RB 34457 1306 12 possible possible JJ 34457 1306 13 ; ; : 34457 1306 14 since since IN 34457 1306 15 , , , 34457 1306 16 however however RB 34457 1306 17 , , , 34457 1306 18 gas gas NN 34457 1306 19 solutions solution NNS 34457 1306 20 never never RB 34457 1306 21 give give VBP 34457 1306 22 rise rise NN 34457 1306 23 to to IN 34457 1306 24 more more JJR 34457 1306 25 than than IN 34457 1306 26 one one CD 34457 1306 27 phase phase NN 34457 1306 28 , , , 34457 1306 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1306 30 { { -LRB- 34457 1306 31 93 93 CD 34457 1306 32 } } -RRB- 34457 1306 33 treatment treatment NN 34457 1306 34 does do VBZ 34457 1306 35 not not RB 34457 1306 36 come come VB 34457 1306 37 within within IN 34457 1306 38 the the DT 34457 1306 39 scope scope NN 34457 1306 40 of of IN 34457 1306 41 the the DT 34457 1306 42 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1306 43 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1306 44 , , , 34457 1306 45 which which WDT 34457 1306 46 deals deal VBZ 34457 1306 47 with with IN 34457 1306 48 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 1306 49 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 1306 50 . . . 34457 1307 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1307 2 should should MD 34457 1307 3 also also RB 34457 1307 4 be be VB 34457 1307 5 emphasized emphasize VBN 34457 1307 6 that that IN 34457 1307 7 the the DT 34457 1307 8 definition definition NN 34457 1307 9 of of IN 34457 1307 10 solution solution NN 34457 1307 11 given give VBN 34457 1307 12 above above RB 34457 1307 13 , , , 34457 1307 14 neither neither CC 34457 1307 15 creates create VBZ 34457 1307 16 nor nor CC 34457 1307 17 recognizes recognize VBZ 34457 1307 18 any any DT 34457 1307 19 distinction distinction NN 34457 1307 20 between between IN 34457 1307 21 solvent solvent NN 34457 1307 22 and and CC 34457 1307 23 dissolved dissolved JJ 34457 1307 24 substance substance NN 34457 1307 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1307 26 solute solute NNP 34457 1307 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1307 28 ; ; : 34457 1307 29 and and CC 34457 1307 30 , , , 34457 1307 31 indeed indeed RB 34457 1307 32 , , , 34457 1307 33 a a DT 34457 1307 34 too too RB 34457 1307 35 persistent persistent JJ 34457 1307 36 use use NN 34457 1307 37 of of IN 34457 1307 38 these these DT 34457 1307 39 terms term NNS 34457 1307 40 and and CC 34457 1307 41 the the DT 34457 1307 42 attempt attempt NN 34457 1307 43 to to TO 34457 1307 44 permanently permanently RB 34457 1307 45 label label VB 34457 1307 46 the the DT 34457 1307 47 one one CD 34457 1307 48 or or CC 34457 1307 49 other other JJ 34457 1307 50 of of IN 34457 1307 51 two two CD 34457 1307 52 components component NNS 34457 1307 53 as as IN 34457 1307 54 the the DT 34457 1307 55 solvent solvent NN 34457 1307 56 or or CC 34457 1307 57 the the DT 34457 1307 58 solute solute NN 34457 1307 59 , , , 34457 1307 60 can can MD 34457 1307 61 only only RB 34457 1307 62 obscure obscure VB 34457 1307 63 the the DT 34457 1307 64 true true JJ 34457 1307 65 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1307 66 and and CC 34457 1307 67 aggravate aggravate VBP 34457 1307 68 the the DT 34457 1307 69 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 1307 70 of of IN 34457 1307 71 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1307 72 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 1307 73 . . . 34457 1308 1 In in IN 34457 1308 2 all all DT 34457 1308 3 cases case NNS 34457 1308 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1308 5 should should MD 34457 1308 6 be be VB 34457 1308 7 remembered remember VBN 34457 1308 8 that that IN 34457 1308 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1308 10 are be VBP 34457 1308 11 dealing deal VBG 34457 1308 12 with with IN 34457 1308 13 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1308 14 between between IN 34457 1308 15 two two CD 34457 1308 16 components component NNS 34457 1308 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1308 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1308 19 confine confine VBP 34457 1308 20 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1308 21 attention attention NN 34457 1308 22 in in IN 34457 1308 23 the the DT 34457 1308 24 first first JJ 34457 1308 25 instance instance NN 34457 1308 26 to to IN 34457 1308 27 such such JJ 34457 1308 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1308 29 , , , 34457 1308 30 the the DT 34457 1308 31 solution solution NN 34457 1308 32 being be VBG 34457 1308 33 constituted constitute VBN 34457 1308 34 of of IN 34457 1308 35 these these DT 34457 1308 36 components component NNS 34457 1308 37 in in IN 34457 1308 38 variable variable NN 34457 1308 39 and and CC 34457 1308 40 varying varying NN 34457 1308 41 amounts amount NNS 34457 1308 42 . . . 34457 1309 1 The the DT 34457 1309 2 change change NN 34457 1309 3 from from IN 34457 1309 4 the the DT 34457 1309 5 case case NN 34457 1309 6 where where WRB 34457 1309 7 the the DT 34457 1309 8 one one CD 34457 1309 9 component component NN 34457 1309 10 is be VBZ 34457 1309 11 in in IN 34457 1309 12 great great JJ 34457 1309 13 excess excess NN 34457 1309 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1309 15 ordinarily ordinarily RB 34457 1309 16 called call VBD 34457 1309 17 the the DT 34457 1309 18 solvent solvent NN 34457 1309 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1309 20 to to IN 34457 1309 21 that that DT 34457 1309 22 in in IN 34457 1309 23 which which WDT 34457 1309 24 the the DT 34457 1309 25 other other JJ 34457 1309 26 component component NN 34457 1309 27 predominates predominate VBZ 34457 1309 28 , , , 34457 1309 29 may may MD 34457 1309 30 be be VB 34457 1309 31 quite quite RB 34457 1309 32 gradual gradual JJ 34457 1309 33 , , , 34457 1309 34 so so IN 34457 1309 35 that that IN 34457 1309 36 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1309 37 is be VBZ 34457 1309 38 difficult difficult JJ 34457 1309 39 or or CC 34457 1309 40 impossible impossible JJ 34457 1309 41 to to TO 34457 1309 42 say say VB 34457 1309 43 at at IN 34457 1309 44 what what WDT 34457 1309 45 point point NN 34457 1309 46 the the DT 34457 1309 47 one one CD 34457 1309 48 component component NN 34457 1309 49 ceases cease VBZ 34457 1309 50 to to TO 34457 1309 51 be be VB 34457 1309 52 the the DT 34457 1309 53 solvent solvent NN 34457 1309 54 and and CC 34457 1309 55 becomes become VBZ 34457 1309 56 the the DT 34457 1309 57 solute solute NN 34457 1309 58 . . . 34457 1310 1 The the DT 34457 1310 2 adoption adoption NN 34457 1310 3 of of IN 34457 1310 4 this this DT 34457 1310 5 standpoint standpoint NN 34457 1310 6 need nee MD 34457 1310 7 not not RB 34457 1310 8 , , , 34457 1310 9 however however RB 34457 1310 10 , , , 34457 1310 11 preclude preclude VB 34457 1310 12 one one CD 34457 1310 13 from from IN 34457 1310 14 employing employ VBG 34457 1310 15 the the DT 34457 1310 16 conventional conventional JJ 34457 1310 17 terms term NNS 34457 1310 18 solvent solvent NN 34457 1310 19 and and CC 34457 1310 20 solute solute NN 34457 1310 21 in in IN 34457 1310 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1310 23 language language NN 34457 1310 24 , , , 34457 1310 25 especially especially RB 34457 1310 26 when when WRB 34457 1310 27 reference reference NN 34457 1310 28 is be VBZ 34457 1310 29 made make VBN 34457 1310 30 only only RB 34457 1310 31 to to IN 34457 1310 32 some some DT 34457 1310 33 particular particular JJ 34457 1310 34 condition condition NN 34457 1310 35 of of IN 34457 1310 36 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1310 37 of of IN 34457 1310 38 the the DT 34457 1310 39 system system NN 34457 1310 40 , , , 34457 1310 41 when when WRB 34457 1310 42 the the DT 34457 1310 43 concentration concentration NN 34457 1310 44 of of IN 34457 1310 45 the the DT 34457 1310 46 two two CD 34457 1310 47 components component NNS 34457 1310 48 in in IN 34457 1310 49 the the DT 34457 1310 50 solution solution NN 34457 1310 51 is be VBZ 34457 1310 52 widely widely RB 34457 1310 53 different different JJ 34457 1310 54 . . . 34457 1311 1 SOLUTIONS solutions NN 34457 1311 2 OF of IN 34457 1311 3 GASES GASES NNP 34457 1311 4 IN in IN 34457 1311 5 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 1311 6 . . . 34457 1312 1 As as IN 34457 1312 2 the the DT 34457 1312 3 first first JJ 34457 1312 4 class class NN 34457 1312 5 of of IN 34457 1312 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 1312 7 to to TO 34457 1312 8 which which WDT 34457 1312 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1312 10 shall shall MD 34457 1312 11 turn turn VB 34457 1312 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1312 13 attention attention NN 34457 1312 14 , , , 34457 1312 15 there there EX 34457 1312 16 may may MD 34457 1312 17 be be VB 34457 1312 18 chosen choose VBN 34457 1312 19 the the DT 34457 1312 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 1312 21 of of IN 34457 1312 22 gases gas NNS 34457 1312 23 in in IN 34457 1312 24 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1312 25 , , , 34457 1312 26 or or CC 34457 1312 27 the the DT 34457 1312 28 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1312 29 between between IN 34457 1312 30 a a DT 34457 1312 31 liquid liquid NN 34457 1312 32 and and CC 34457 1312 33 a a DT 34457 1312 34 gas gas NN 34457 1312 35 . . . 34457 1313 1 These these DT 34457 1313 2 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1313 3 really really RB 34457 1313 4 constitute constitute VBP 34457 1313 5 a a DT 34457 1313 6 part part NN 34457 1313 7 of of IN 34457 1313 8 the the DT 34457 1313 9 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1313 10 to to TO 34457 1313 11 be be VB 34457 1313 12 studied study VBN 34457 1313 13 more more RBR 34457 1313 14 fully fully RB 34457 1313 15 in in IN 34457 1313 16 Chapter chapter NN 34457 1313 17 VIII VIII NNP 34457 1313 18 . . . 34457 1314 1 ; ; : 34457 1314 2 but but CC 34457 1314 3 since since IN 34457 1314 4 the the DT 34457 1314 5 two two CD 34457 1314 6 - - HYPH 34457 1314 7 phase phase NN 34457 1314 8 systems system NNS 34457 1314 9 formed form VBN 34457 1314 10 by by IN 34457 1314 11 the the DT 34457 1314 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 1314 13 of of IN 34457 1314 14 gases gas NNS 34457 1314 15 in in IN 34457 1314 16 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1314 17 are be VBP 34457 1314 18 among among IN 34457 1314 19 the the DT 34457 1314 20 best well RBS 34457 1314 21 - - HYPH 34457 1314 22 known know VBN 34457 1314 23 of of IN 34457 1314 24 the the DT 34457 1314 25 two two CD 34457 1314 26 - - HYPH 34457 1314 27 component component NN 34457 1314 28 systems system NNS 34457 1314 29 , , , 34457 1314 30 a a DT 34457 1314 31 short short JJ 34457 1314 32 section section NN 34457 1314 33 may may MD 34457 1314 34 be be VB 34457 1314 35 here here RB 34457 1314 36 allotted allot VBN 34457 1314 37 to to IN 34457 1314 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1314 39 treatment treatment NN 34457 1314 40 . . . 34457 1315 1 When when WRB 34457 1315 2 a a DT 34457 1315 3 gas gas NN 34457 1315 4 is be VBZ 34457 1315 5 passed pass VBN 34457 1315 6 into into IN 34457 1315 7 a a DT 34457 1315 8 liquid liquid NN 34457 1315 9 , , , 34457 1315 10 absorption absorption NN 34457 1315 11 takes take VBZ 34457 1315 12 place place NN 34457 1315 13 to to IN 34457 1315 14 a a DT 34457 1315 15 greater great JJR 34457 1315 16 or or CC 34457 1315 17 less less JJR 34457 1315 18 extent extent NN 34457 1315 19 , , , 34457 1315 20 and and CC 34457 1315 21 a a DT 34457 1315 22 point point NN 34457 1315 23 is be VBZ 34457 1315 24 at at IN 34457 1315 25 length length NN 34457 1315 26 reached reach VBN 34457 1315 27 when when WRB 34457 1315 28 the the DT 34457 1315 29 liquid liquid NN 34457 1315 30 absorbs absorb VBZ 34457 1315 31 no no DT 34457 1315 32 more more JJR 34457 1315 33 of of IN 34457 1315 34 the the DT 34457 1315 35 gas gas NN 34457 1315 36 ; ; : 34457 1315 37 a a DT 34457 1315 38 condition condition NN 34457 1315 39 of of IN 34457 1315 40 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1315 41 is be VBZ 34457 1315 42 attained attain VBN 34457 1315 43 , , , 34457 1315 44 and and CC 34457 1315 45 the the DT 34457 1315 46 liquid liquid NN 34457 1315 47 is be VBZ 34457 1315 48 said say VBN 34457 1315 49 to to TO 34457 1315 50 be be VB 34457 1315 51 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1315 52 { { -LRB- 34457 1315 53 94 94 CD 34457 1315 54 } } -RRB- 34457 1315 55 with with IN 34457 1315 56 the the DT 34457 1315 57 gas gas NN 34457 1315 58 . . . 34457 1316 1 In in IN 34457 1316 2 the the DT 34457 1316 3 light light NN 34457 1316 4 of of IN 34457 1316 5 the the DT 34457 1316 6 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1316 7 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1316 8 , , , 34457 1316 9 now now RB 34457 1316 10 , , , 34457 1316 11 such such PDT 34457 1316 12 a a DT 34457 1316 13 system system NN 34457 1316 14 is be VBZ 34457 1316 15 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 1316 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1316 17 two two CD 34457 1316 18 components component NNS 34457 1316 19 in in IN 34457 1316 20 two two CD 34457 1316 21 phases phase NNS 34457 1316 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1316 23 ; ; : 34457 1316 24 and and CC 34457 1316 25 two two CD 34457 1316 26 of of IN 34457 1316 27 the the DT 34457 1316 28 variable variable JJ 34457 1316 29 factors factor NNS 34457 1316 30 , , , 34457 1316 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1316 32 , , , 34457 1316 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 1316 34 , , , 34457 1316 35 and and CC 34457 1316 36 concentration concentration NN 34457 1316 37 of of IN 34457 1316 38 the the DT 34457 1316 39 components component NNS 34457 1316 40 , , , 34457 1316 41 must must MD 34457 1316 42 therefore therefore RB 34457 1316 43 be be VB 34457 1316 44 chosen choose VBN 34457 1316 45 in in IN 34457 1316 46 order order NN 34457 1316 47 that that IN 34457 1316 48 the the DT 34457 1316 49 condition condition NN 34457 1316 50 of of IN 34457 1316 51 the the DT 34457 1316 52 system system NN 34457 1316 53 may may MD 34457 1316 54 be be VB 34457 1316 55 defined define VBN 34457 1316 56 . . . 34457 1317 1 If if IN 34457 1317 2 the the DT 34457 1317 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 1317 4 and and CC 34457 1317 5 the the DT 34457 1317 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 1317 7 are be VBP 34457 1317 8 fixed fix VBN 34457 1317 9 , , , 34457 1317 10 then then RB 34457 1317 11 the the DT 34457 1317 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1317 13 is be VBZ 34457 1317 14 also also RB 34457 1317 15 defined define VBN 34457 1317 16 ; ; : 34457 1317 17 or or CC 34457 1317 18 under under IN 34457 1317 19 given give VBN 34457 1317 20 conditions condition NNS 34457 1317 21 of of IN 34457 1317 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1317 23 and and CC 34457 1317 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1317 25 , , , 34457 1317 26 the the DT 34457 1317 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 1317 28 of of IN 34457 1317 29 the the DT 34457 1317 30 gas gas NN 34457 1317 31 in in IN 34457 1317 32 the the DT 34457 1317 33 solution solution NN 34457 1317 34 must must MD 34457 1317 35 have have VB 34457 1317 36 a a DT 34457 1317 37 definite definite JJ 34457 1317 38 value value NN 34457 1317 39 . . . 34457 1318 1 If if IN 34457 1318 2 , , , 34457 1318 3 however however RB 34457 1318 4 , , , 34457 1318 5 the the DT 34457 1318 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 1318 7 alone alone RB 34457 1318 8 is be VBZ 34457 1318 9 fixed fix VBN 34457 1318 10 , , , 34457 1318 11 the the DT 34457 1318 12 concentration concentration NN 34457 1318 13 and and CC 34457 1318 14 the the DT 34457 1318 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1318 16 can can MD 34457 1318 17 alter alter VB 34457 1318 18 ; ; : 34457 1318 19 a a DT 34457 1318 20 fact fact NN 34457 1318 21 so so RB 34457 1318 22 well well RB 34457 1318 23 known known JJ 34457 1318 24 that that IN 34457 1318 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1318 26 does do VBZ 34457 1318 27 not not RB 34457 1318 28 require require VB 34457 1318 29 to to TO 34457 1318 30 be be VB 34457 1318 31 further further RB 34457 1318 32 insisted insist VBN 34457 1318 33 on on IN 34457 1318 34 . . . 34457 1319 1 As as IN 34457 1319 2 to to IN 34457 1319 3 the the DT 34457 1319 4 way way NN 34457 1319 5 in in IN 34457 1319 6 which which WDT 34457 1319 7 the the DT 34457 1319 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 1319 9 of of IN 34457 1319 10 a a DT 34457 1319 11 gas gas NN 34457 1319 12 in in IN 34457 1319 13 a a DT 34457 1319 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1319 15 varies varie NNS 34457 1319 16 with with IN 34457 1319 17 the the DT 34457 1319 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 1319 19 , , , 34457 1319 20 the the DT 34457 1319 21 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1319 22 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1319 23 of of IN 34457 1319 24 course course NN 34457 1319 25 does do VBZ 34457 1319 26 not not RB 34457 1319 27 state state VB 34457 1319 28 ; ; : 34457 1319 29 but but CC 34457 1319 30 guidance guidance NN 34457 1319 31 on on IN 34457 1319 32 this this DT 34457 1319 33 point point NN 34457 1319 34 is be VBZ 34457 1319 35 again again RB 34457 1319 36 yielded yield VBN 34457 1319 37 by by IN 34457 1319 38 the the DT 34457 1319 39 theorem theorem NN 34457 1319 40 of of IN 34457 1319 41 van't van't JJ 34457 1319 42 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 1319 43 and and CC 34457 1319 44 Le Le NNP 34457 1319 45 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1319 46 . . . 34457 1320 1 Since since IN 34457 1320 2 the the DT 34457 1320 3 absorption absorption NN 34457 1320 4 of of IN 34457 1320 5 a a DT 34457 1320 6 gas gas NN 34457 1320 7 is be VBZ 34457 1320 8 in in IN 34457 1320 9 all all DT 34457 1320 10 cases case NNS 34457 1320 11 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1320 12 by by IN 34457 1320 13 a a DT 34457 1320 14 diminution diminution NN 34457 1320 15 of of IN 34457 1320 16 the the DT 34457 1320 17 total total JJ 34457 1320 18 volume volume NN 34457 1320 19 , , , 34457 1320 20 this this DT 34457 1320 21 process process NN 34457 1320 22 must must MD 34457 1320 23 take take VB 34457 1320 24 place place NN 34457 1320 25 with with IN 34457 1320 26 increase increase NN 34457 1320 27 of of IN 34457 1320 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 1320 29 . . . 34457 1321 1 This this DT 34457 1321 2 , , , 34457 1321 3 indeed indeed RB 34457 1321 4 , , , 34457 1321 5 is be VBZ 34457 1321 6 stated state VBN 34457 1321 7 in in IN 34457 1321 8 a a DT 34457 1321 9 quantitative quantitative JJ 34457 1321 10 manner manner NN 34457 1321 11 in in IN 34457 1321 12 the the DT 34457 1321 13 law law NN 34457 1321 14 of of IN 34457 1321 15 Henry Henry NNP 34457 1321 16 , , , 34457 1321 17 according accord VBG 34457 1321 18 to to IN 34457 1321 19 which which WDT 34457 1321 20 the the DT 34457 1321 21 amount amount NN 34457 1321 22 of of IN 34457 1321 23 a a DT 34457 1321 24 gas gas NN 34457 1321 25 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 1321 26 is be VBZ 34457 1321 27 proportional proportional JJ 34457 1321 28 to to IN 34457 1321 29 the the DT 34457 1321 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 1321 31 . . . 34457 1322 1 But but CC 34457 1322 2 this this DT 34457 1322 3 law law NN 34457 1322 4 must must MD 34457 1322 5 be be VB 34457 1322 6 modified modify VBN 34457 1322 7 in in IN 34457 1322 8 the the DT 34457 1322 9 case case NN 34457 1322 10 of of IN 34457 1322 11 gases gas NNS 34457 1322 12 which which WDT 34457 1322 13 are be VBP 34457 1322 14 very very RB 34457 1322 15 readily readily RB 34457 1322 16 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 1322 17 ; ; : 34457 1322 18 the the DT 34457 1322 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1322 20 direction direction NN 34457 1322 21 of of IN 34457 1322 22 change change NN 34457 1322 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1322 24 of of IN 34457 1322 25 concentration concentration NN 34457 1322 26 with with IN 34457 1322 27 the the DT 34457 1322 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 1322 29 will will MD 34457 1322 30 , , , 34457 1322 31 however however RB 34457 1322 32 , , , 34457 1322 33 still still RB 34457 1322 34 be be VB 34457 1322 35 in in IN 34457 1322 36 accordance accordance NN 34457 1322 37 with with IN 34457 1322 38 the the DT 34457 1322 39 theorem theorem NN 34457 1322 40 of of IN 34457 1322 41 Le Le NNP 34457 1322 42 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1322 43 . . . 34457 1323 1 If if IN 34457 1323 2 , , , 34457 1323 3 on on IN 34457 1323 4 the the DT 34457 1323 5 other other JJ 34457 1323 6 hand hand NN 34457 1323 7 , , , 34457 1323 8 the the DT 34457 1323 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1323 10 is be VBZ 34457 1323 11 fixed fix VBN 34457 1323 12 , , , 34457 1323 13 then then RB 34457 1323 14 the the DT 34457 1323 15 concentration concentration NN 34457 1323 16 will will MD 34457 1323 17 vary vary VB 34457 1323 18 with with IN 34457 1323 19 the the DT 34457 1323 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 1323 21 ; ; , 34457 1323 22 and and CC 34457 1323 23 since since IN 34457 1323 24 the the DT 34457 1323 25 absorption absorption NN 34457 1323 26 of of IN 34457 1323 27 gases gas NNS 34457 1323 28 is be VBZ 34457 1323 29 in in IN 34457 1323 30 all all DT 34457 1323 31 cases case NNS 34457 1323 32 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1323 33 by by IN 34457 1323 34 the the DT 34457 1323 35 evolution evolution NN 34457 1323 36 of of IN 34457 1323 37 heat heat NN 34457 1323 38 , , , 34457 1323 39 the the DT 34457 1323 40 solubility solubility NN 34457 1323 41 is be VBZ 34457 1323 42 found find VBN 34457 1323 43 , , , 34457 1323 44 in in IN 34457 1323 45 accordance accordance NN 34457 1323 46 with with IN 34457 1323 47 the the DT 34457 1323 48 theorem theorem NN 34457 1323 49 of of IN 34457 1323 50 Le Le NNP 34457 1323 51 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1323 52 , , , 34457 1323 53 to to TO 34457 1323 54 diminish diminish VB 34457 1323 55 with with IN 34457 1323 56 rise rise NN 34457 1323 57 of of IN 34457 1323 58 temperature temperature NN 34457 1323 59 . . . 34457 1324 1 In in IN 34457 1324 2 considering consider VBG 34457 1324 3 the the DT 34457 1324 4 changes change NNS 34457 1324 5 of of IN 34457 1324 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 1324 7 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 1324 8 changes change NNS 34457 1324 9 of of IN 34457 1324 10 concentration concentration NN 34457 1324 11 and and CC 34457 1324 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1324 13 , , , 34457 1324 14 a a DT 34457 1324 15 distinction distinction NN 34457 1324 16 must must MD 34457 1324 17 be be VB 34457 1324 18 drawn draw VBN 34457 1324 19 between between IN 34457 1324 20 the the DT 34457 1324 21 total total JJ 34457 1324 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1324 23 and and CC 34457 1324 24 the the DT 34457 1324 25 partial partial JJ 34457 1324 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 1324 27 of of IN 34457 1324 28 the the DT 34457 1324 29 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1324 30 gas gas NN 34457 1324 31 , , , 34457 1324 32 in in IN 34457 1324 33 cases case NNS 34457 1324 34 where where WRB 34457 1324 35 the the DT 34457 1324 36 solvent solvent NN 34457 1324 37 is be VBZ 34457 1324 38 volatile volatile JJ 34457 1324 39 . . . 34457 1325 1 In in IN 34457 1325 2 these these DT 34457 1325 3 cases case NNS 34457 1325 4 , , , 34457 1325 5 the the DT 34457 1325 6 law law NN 34457 1325 7 of of IN 34457 1325 8 Henry Henry NNP 34457 1325 9 applies apply VBZ 34457 1325 10 not not RB 34457 1325 11 to to IN 34457 1325 12 the the DT 34457 1325 13 total total JJ 34457 1325 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1325 15 of of IN 34457 1325 16 the the DT 34457 1325 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1325 18 , , , 34457 1325 19 but but CC 34457 1325 20 only only RB 34457 1325 21 to to IN 34457 1325 22 the the DT 34457 1325 23 partial partial JJ 34457 1325 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1325 25 of of IN 34457 1325 26 the the DT 34457 1325 27 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1325 28 gas gas NN 34457 1325 29 . . . 34457 1326 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1326 2 95 95 CD 34457 1326 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1326 4 SOLUTIONS solutions NN 34457 1326 5 OF of IN 34457 1326 6 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 1326 7 IN in IN 34457 1326 8 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 1326 9 . . . 34457 1327 1 When when WRB 34457 1327 2 mercury mercury NN 34457 1327 3 and and CC 34457 1327 4 water water NN 34457 1327 5 are be VBP 34457 1327 6 brought bring VBN 34457 1327 7 together together RB 34457 1327 8 , , , 34457 1327 9 the the DT 34457 1327 10 two two CD 34457 1327 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1327 12 remain remain VBP 34457 1327 13 side side NN 34457 1327 14 by by IN 34457 1327 15 side side NN 34457 1327 16 without without IN 34457 1327 17 mixing mix VBG 34457 1327 18 . . . 34457 1328 1 Strictly strictly RB 34457 1328 2 speaking speak VBG 34457 1328 3 , , , 34457 1328 4 mercury mercury NNP 34457 1328 5 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 34457 1328 6 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 1328 7 to to IN 34457 1328 8 a a DT 34457 1328 9 certain certain JJ 34457 1328 10 extent extent NN 34457 1328 11 in in IN 34457 1328 12 the the DT 34457 1328 13 water water NN 34457 1328 14 , , , 34457 1328 15 and and CC 34457 1328 16 water water NN 34457 1328 17 no no RB 34457 1328 18 doubt doubt RB 34457 1328 19 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 1328 20 , , , 34457 1328 21 although although IN 34457 1328 22 to to IN 34457 1328 23 a a DT 34457 1328 24 less less JJR 34457 1328 25 extent extent NN 34457 1328 26 , , , 34457 1328 27 in in IN 34457 1328 28 the the DT 34457 1328 29 mercury mercury NN 34457 1328 30 ; ; : 34457 1328 31 the the DT 34457 1328 32 amount amount NN 34457 1328 33 of of IN 34457 1328 34 substance substance NN 34457 1328 35 passing pass VBG 34457 1328 36 into into IN 34457 1328 37 solution solution NN 34457 1328 38 is be VBZ 34457 1328 39 , , , 34457 1328 40 however however RB 34457 1328 41 , , , 34457 1328 42 so so RB 34457 1328 43 minute minute JJ 34457 1328 44 , , , 34457 1328 45 that that IN 34457 1328 46 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1328 47 may may MD 34457 1328 48 , , , 34457 1328 49 for for IN 34457 1328 50 all all DT 34457 1328 51 practical practical JJ 34457 1328 52 purposes purpose NNS 34457 1328 53 , , , 34457 1328 54 be be VB 34457 1328 55 left leave VBN 34457 1328 56 out out IN 34457 1328 57 of of IN 34457 1328 58 account account NN 34457 1328 59 , , , 34457 1328 60 so so RB 34457 1328 61 long long RB 34457 1328 62 as as IN 34457 1328 63 the the DT 34457 1328 64 temperature temperature NN 34457 1328 65 does do VBZ 34457 1328 66 not not RB 34457 1328 67 rise rise VB 34457 1328 68 much much RB 34457 1328 69 above above IN 34457 1328 70 the the DT 34457 1328 71 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1328 72 . . . 34457 1329 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1329 2 166 166 CD 34457 1329 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1329 4 On on IN 34457 1329 5 the the DT 34457 1329 6 other other JJ 34457 1329 7 hand hand NN 34457 1329 8 , , , 34457 1329 9 if if IN 34457 1329 10 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 1329 11 and and CC 34457 1329 12 water water NN 34457 1329 13 be be VB 34457 1329 14 brought bring VBN 34457 1329 15 together together RB 34457 1329 16 , , , 34457 1329 17 complete complete JJ 34457 1329 18 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1329 19 takes take VBZ 34457 1329 20 place place NN 34457 1329 21 , , , 34457 1329 22 and and CC 34457 1329 23 one one CD 34457 1329 24 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1329 25 solution solution NN 34457 1329 26 is be VBZ 34457 1329 27 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1329 28 . . . 34457 1330 1 Whether whether IN 34457 1330 2 water water NN 34457 1330 3 be be VB 34457 1330 4 added add VBN 34457 1330 5 in in IN 34457 1330 6 increasing increase VBG 34457 1330 7 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1330 8 to to IN 34457 1330 9 pure pure JJ 34457 1330 10 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 1330 11 , , , 34457 1330 12 or or CC 34457 1330 13 pure pure JJ 34457 1330 14 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 1330 15 be be VB 34457 1330 16 added add VBN 34457 1330 17 in in IN 34457 1330 18 increasing increase VBG 34457 1330 19 amount amount NN 34457 1330 20 to to IN 34457 1330 21 water water NN 34457 1330 22 , , , 34457 1330 23 at at IN 34457 1330 24 no no DT 34457 1330 25 point point NN 34457 1330 26 , , , 34457 1330 27 at at IN 34457 1330 28 no no DT 34457 1330 29 degree degree NN 34457 1330 30 of of IN 34457 1330 31 concentration concentration NN 34457 1330 32 , , , 34457 1330 33 is be VBZ 34457 1330 34 a a DT 34457 1330 35 system system NN 34457 1330 36 obtained obtain VBD 34457 1330 37 containing contain VBG 34457 1330 38 more more JJR 34457 1330 39 than than IN 34457 1330 40 one one CD 34457 1330 41 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1330 42 phase phase NN 34457 1330 43 . . . 34457 1331 1 At at IN 34457 1331 2 the the DT 34457 1331 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1331 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1331 5 , , , 34457 1331 6 water water NN 34457 1331 7 and and CC 34457 1331 8 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 1331 9 can can MD 34457 1331 10 form form VB 34457 1331 11 only only RB 34457 1331 12 two two CD 34457 1331 13 phases phase NNS 34457 1331 14 , , , 34457 1331 15 liquid liquid NN 34457 1331 16 and and CC 34457 1331 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1331 18 . . . 34457 1332 1 If if IN 34457 1332 2 , , , 34457 1332 3 however however RB 34457 1332 4 , , , 34457 1332 5 water water NN 34457 1332 6 be be VB 34457 1332 7 added add VBN 34457 1332 8 to to IN 34457 1332 9 ether ether NN 34457 1332 10 , , , 34457 1332 11 or or CC 34457 1332 12 if if IN 34457 1332 13 ether ether NN 34457 1332 14 be be VB 34457 1332 15 added add VBN 34457 1332 16 to to IN 34457 1332 17 water water NN 34457 1332 18 , , , 34457 1332 19 solution solution NN 34457 1332 20 will will MD 34457 1332 21 not not RB 34457 1332 22 occur occur VB 34457 1332 23 to to IN 34457 1332 24 an an DT 34457 1332 25 indefinite indefinite JJ 34457 1332 26 extent extent NN 34457 1332 27 ; ; : 34457 1332 28 but but CC 34457 1332 29 a a DT 34457 1332 30 point point NN 34457 1332 31 will will MD 34457 1332 32 be be VB 34457 1332 33 reached reach VBN 34457 1332 34 when when WRB 34457 1332 35 the the DT 34457 1332 36 water water NN 34457 1332 37 or or CC 34457 1332 38 the the DT 34457 1332 39 ether ether NN 34457 1332 40 will will MD 34457 1332 41 no no RB 34457 1332 42 longer longer RB 34457 1332 43 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1332 44 more more JJR 34457 1332 45 of of IN 34457 1332 46 the the DT 34457 1332 47 other other JJ 34457 1332 48 component component NN 34457 1332 49 , , , 34457 1332 50 and and CC 34457 1332 51 a a DT 34457 1332 52 further further JJ 34457 1332 53 addition addition NN 34457 1332 54 of of IN 34457 1332 55 water water NN 34457 1332 56 on on IN 34457 1332 57 the the DT 34457 1332 58 one one CD 34457 1332 59 hand hand NN 34457 1332 60 , , , 34457 1332 61 or or CC 34457 1332 62 ether ether NN 34457 1332 63 on on IN 34457 1332 64 the the DT 34457 1332 65 other other JJ 34457 1332 66 , , , 34457 1332 67 will will MD 34457 1332 68 cause cause VB 34457 1332 69 the the DT 34457 1332 70 formation formation NN 34457 1332 71 of of IN 34457 1332 72 two two CD 34457 1332 73 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1332 74 layers layer NNS 34457 1332 75 , , , 34457 1332 76 one one CD 34457 1332 77 containing contain VBG 34457 1332 78 excess excess NN 34457 1332 79 of of IN 34457 1332 80 water water NN 34457 1332 81 , , , 34457 1332 82 the the DT 34457 1332 83 other other JJ 34457 1332 84 excess excess NN 34457 1332 85 of of IN 34457 1332 86 ether ether NN 34457 1332 87 . . . 34457 1333 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1333 2 shall shall MD 34457 1333 3 , , , 34457 1333 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1333 5 , , , 34457 1333 6 expect expect VB 34457 1333 7 to to TO 34457 1333 8 find find VB 34457 1333 9 all all DT 34457 1333 10 grades grade NNS 34457 1333 11 of of IN 34457 1333 12 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1333 13 , , , 34457 1333 14 from from IN 34457 1333 15 almost almost RB 34457 1333 16 perfect perfect JJ 34457 1333 17 immiscibility immiscibility NN 34457 1333 18 to to TO 34457 1333 19 perfect perfect JJ 34457 1333 20 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1333 21 , , , 34457 1333 22 or or CC 34457 1333 23 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1333 24 in in IN 34457 1333 25 all all DT 34457 1333 26 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1333 27 . . . 34457 1334 1 In in IN 34457 1334 2 cases case NNS 34457 1334 3 of of IN 34457 1334 4 perfect perfect JJ 34457 1334 5 immiscibility immiscibility NN 34457 1334 6 , , , 34457 1334 7 the the DT 34457 1334 8 components component NNS 34457 1334 9 do do VBP 34457 1334 10 not not RB 34457 1334 11 affect affect VB 34457 1334 12 one one CD 34457 1334 13 another another DT 34457 1334 14 , , , 34457 1334 15 and and CC 34457 1334 16 the the DT 34457 1334 17 system system NN 34457 1334 18 therefore therefore RB 34457 1334 19 remains remain VBZ 34457 1334 20 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1334 21 . . . 34457 1335 1 Such such JJ 34457 1335 2 cases case NNS 34457 1335 3 do do VBP 34457 1335 4 not not RB 34457 1335 5 call call VB 34457 1335 6 for for IN 34457 1335 7 treatment treatment NN 34457 1335 8 here here RB 34457 1335 9 . . . 34457 1336 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1336 2 have have VBP 34457 1336 3 to to TO 34457 1336 4 concern concern VB 34457 1336 5 ourselves -PRON- PRP 34457 1336 6 here here RB 34457 1336 7 only only RB 34457 1336 8 with with IN 34457 1336 9 the the DT 34457 1336 10 second second JJ 34457 1336 11 and and CC 34457 1336 12 third third JJ 34457 1336 13 cases case NNS 34457 1336 14 , , , 34457 1336 15 viz viz NN 34457 1336 16 . . . 34457 1337 1 with with IN 34457 1337 2 cases case NNS 34457 1337 3 of of IN 34457 1337 4 complete complete JJ 34457 1337 5 and and CC 34457 1337 6 of of IN 34457 1337 7 partial partial JJ 34457 1337 8 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1337 9 . . . 34457 1338 1 There there EX 34457 1338 2 is be VBZ 34457 1338 3 no no DT 34457 1338 4 essential essential JJ 34457 1338 5 difference difference NN 34457 1338 6 between between IN 34457 1338 7 the the DT 34457 1338 8 two two CD 34457 1338 9 classes class NNS 34457 1338 10 , , , 34457 1338 11 for for IN 34457 1338 12 , , , 34457 1338 13 as as IN 34457 1338 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1338 15 shall shall MD 34457 1338 16 see see VB 34457 1338 17 , , , 34457 1338 18 { { -LRB- 34457 1338 19 96 96 CD 34457 1338 20 } } -RRB- 34457 1338 21 the the DT 34457 1338 22 one one NN 34457 1338 23 passes pass VBZ 34457 1338 24 into into IN 34457 1338 25 the the DT 34457 1338 26 other other JJ 34457 1338 27 with with IN 34457 1338 28 change change NN 34457 1338 29 of of IN 34457 1338 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 1338 31 . . . 34457 1339 1 The the DT 34457 1339 2 formal formal JJ 34457 1339 3 separation separation NN 34457 1339 4 into into IN 34457 1339 5 two two CD 34457 1339 6 groups group NNS 34457 1339 7 is be VBZ 34457 1339 8 based base VBN 34457 1339 9 on on IN 34457 1339 10 the the DT 34457 1339 11 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1339 12 relations relation NNS 34457 1339 13 at at IN 34457 1339 14 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1339 15 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1339 16 . . . 34457 1340 1 Partial partial JJ 34457 1340 2 or or CC 34457 1340 3 Limited limited JJ 34457 1340 4 Miscibility.--In miscibility.--in NN 34457 1340 5 accordance accordance NN 34457 1340 6 with with IN 34457 1340 7 the the DT 34457 1340 8 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1340 9 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1340 10 , , , 34457 1340 11 a a DT 34457 1340 12 pure pure JJ 34457 1340 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 1340 14 in in IN 34457 1340 15 contact contact NN 34457 1340 16 with with IN 34457 1340 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1340 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1340 19 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 1340 20 a a DT 34457 1340 21 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1340 22 system system NN 34457 1340 23 . . . 34457 1341 1 If if IN 34457 1341 2 , , , 34457 1341 3 however however RB 34457 1341 4 , , , 34457 1341 5 a a DT 34457 1341 6 small small JJ 34457 1341 7 quantity quantity NN 34457 1341 8 of of IN 34457 1341 9 a a DT 34457 1341 10 second second JJ 34457 1341 11 substance substance NN 34457 1341 12 is be VBZ 34457 1341 13 added add VBN 34457 1341 14 , , , 34457 1341 15 which which WDT 34457 1341 16 is be VBZ 34457 1341 17 capable capable JJ 34457 1341 18 of of IN 34457 1341 19 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 1341 20 in in IN 34457 1341 21 the the DT 34457 1341 22 first first JJ 34457 1341 23 , , , 34457 1341 24 a a DT 34457 1341 25 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1341 26 system system NN 34457 1341 27 will will MD 34457 1341 28 be be VB 34457 1341 29 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1341 30 ; ; : 34457 1341 31 for for IN 34457 1341 32 there there EX 34457 1341 33 are be VBP 34457 1341 34 now now RB 34457 1341 35 two two CD 34457 1341 36 components component NNS 34457 1341 37 and and CC 34457 1341 38 , , , 34457 1341 39 as as IN 34457 1341 40 before before RB 34457 1341 41 , , , 34457 1341 42 only only RB 34457 1341 43 two two CD 34457 1341 44 phases phase NNS 34457 1341 45 -- -- : 34457 1341 46 the the DT 34457 1341 47 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1341 48 liquid liquid NN 34457 1341 49 solution solution NN 34457 1341 50 and and CC 34457 1341 51 the the DT 34457 1341 52 vapour vapour NN 34457 1341 53 . . . 34457 1342 1 At at IN 34457 1342 2 constant constant JJ 34457 1342 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1342 4 , , , 34457 1342 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1342 6 , , , 34457 1342 7 both both CC 34457 1342 8 the the DT 34457 1342 9 composition composition NN 34457 1342 10 of of IN 34457 1342 11 the the DT 34457 1342 12 solution solution NN 34457 1342 13 and and CC 34457 1342 14 the the DT 34457 1342 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1342 16 of of IN 34457 1342 17 the the DT 34457 1342 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1342 19 can can MD 34457 1342 20 undergo undergo VB 34457 1342 21 change change NN 34457 1342 22 ; ; : 34457 1342 23 or or CC 34457 1342 24 , , , 34457 1342 25 if if IN 34457 1342 26 the the DT 34457 1342 27 composition composition NN 34457 1342 28 of of IN 34457 1342 29 the the DT 34457 1342 30 solution solution NN 34457 1342 31 remains remain VBZ 34457 1342 32 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1342 33 , , , 34457 1342 34 the the DT 34457 1342 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 1342 36 and and CC 34457 1342 37 the the DT 34457 1342 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 1342 39 can can MD 34457 1342 40 alter alter VB 34457 1342 41 . . . 34457 1343 1 If if IN 34457 1343 2 the the DT 34457 1343 3 second second JJ 34457 1343 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1343 5 liquid liquid NN 34457 1343 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1343 7 component component NN 34457 1343 8 is be VBZ 34457 1343 9 added add VBN 34457 1343 10 in in IN 34457 1343 11 increasing increase VBG 34457 1343 12 amount amount NN 34457 1343 13 , , , 34457 1343 14 the the DT 34457 1343 15 liquid liquid NN 34457 1343 16 will will MD 34457 1343 17 at at IN 34457 1343 18 first first RB 34457 1343 19 remain remain VB 34457 1343 20 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1343 21 , , , 34457 1343 22 and and CC 34457 1343 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1343 24 composition composition NN 34457 1343 25 and and CC 34457 1343 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 1343 27 will will MD 34457 1343 28 undergo undergo VB 34457 1343 29 a a DT 34457 1343 30 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1343 31 change change NN 34457 1343 32 ; ; : 34457 1343 33 when when WRB 34457 1343 34 , , , 34457 1343 35 however however RB 34457 1343 36 , , , 34457 1343 37 the the DT 34457 1343 38 concentration concentration NN 34457 1343 39 has have VBZ 34457 1343 40 reached reach VBN 34457 1343 41 a a DT 34457 1343 42 definite definite JJ 34457 1343 43 value value NN 34457 1343 44 , , , 34457 1343 45 solution solution NN 34457 1343 46 no no RB 34457 1343 47 longer long RBR 34457 1343 48 takes take VBZ 34457 1343 49 place place NN 34457 1343 50 ; ; : 34457 1343 51 two two CD 34457 1343 52 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1343 53 phases phase NNS 34457 1343 54 are be VBP 34457 1343 55 produced produce VBN 34457 1343 56 . . . 34457 1344 1 Since since IN 34457 1344 2 there there EX 34457 1344 3 are be VBP 34457 1344 4 now now RB 34457 1344 5 three three CD 34457 1344 6 phases phase NNS 34457 1344 7 present present JJ 34457 1344 8 , , , 34457 1344 9 two two CD 34457 1344 10 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1344 11 and and CC 34457 1344 12 vapour vapour NN 34457 1344 13 , , , 34457 1344 14 the the DT 34457 1344 15 system system NN 34457 1344 16 is be VBZ 34457 1344 17 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1344 18 ; ; : 34457 1344 19 at at IN 34457 1344 20 a a DT 34457 1344 21 given give VBN 34457 1344 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1344 23 , , , 34457 1344 24 therefore therefore RB 34457 1344 25 , , , 34457 1344 26 the the DT 34457 1344 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 1344 28 of of IN 34457 1344 29 the the DT 34457 1344 30 components component NNS 34457 1344 31 in in IN 34457 1344 32 the the DT 34457 1344 33 two two CD 34457 1344 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1344 35 phases phase NNS 34457 1344 36 , , , 34457 1344 37 as as RB 34457 1344 38 well well RB 34457 1344 39 as as IN 34457 1344 40 the the DT 34457 1344 41 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1344 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 1344 43 , , , 34457 1344 44 must must MD 34457 1344 45 have have VB 34457 1344 46 definite definite JJ 34457 1344 47 values value NNS 34457 1344 48 . . . 34457 1345 1 Addition addition NN 34457 1345 2 of of IN 34457 1345 3 one one CD 34457 1345 4 of of IN 34457 1345 5 the the DT 34457 1345 6 components component NNS 34457 1345 7 , , , 34457 1345 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 1345 9 , , , 34457 1345 10 can can MD 34457 1345 11 not not RB 34457 1345 12 alter alter VB 34457 1345 13 the the DT 34457 1345 14 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 1345 15 or or CC 34457 1345 16 the the DT 34457 1345 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1345 18 , , , 34457 1345 19 but but CC 34457 1345 20 can can MD 34457 1345 21 only only RB 34457 1345 22 cause cause VB 34457 1345 23 a a DT 34457 1345 24 change change NN 34457 1345 25 in in IN 34457 1345 26 the the DT 34457 1345 27 relative relative JJ 34457 1345 28 amounts amount NNS 34457 1345 29 of of IN 34457 1345 30 the the DT 34457 1345 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1345 32 . . . 34457 1346 1 The the DT 34457 1346 2 two two CD 34457 1346 3 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1346 4 phases phase NNS 34457 1346 5 can can MD 34457 1346 6 be be VB 34457 1346 7 regarded regard VBN 34457 1346 8 , , , 34457 1346 9 the the DT 34457 1346 10 one one NN 34457 1346 11 as as IN 34457 1346 12 a a DT 34457 1346 13 solution solution NN 34457 1346 14 of of IN 34457 1346 15 the the DT 34457 1346 16 component component NN 34457 1346 17 I. I. NNP 34457 1346 18 in in IN 34457 1346 19 component component NN 34457 1346 20 II II NNP 34457 1346 21 . . NNP 34457 1346 22 , , , 34457 1346 23 the the DT 34457 1346 24 other other JJ 34457 1346 25 as as IN 34457 1346 26 a a DT 34457 1346 27 solution solution NN 34457 1346 28 of of IN 34457 1346 29 component component NN 34457 1346 30 II ii CD 34457 1346 31 . . . 34457 1347 1 in in IN 34457 1347 2 component component NN 34457 1347 3 I. I. NNP 34457 1348 1 If if IN 34457 1348 2 the the DT 34457 1348 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 1348 4 is be VBZ 34457 1348 5 maintained maintain VBN 34457 1348 6 constant constant JJ 34457 1348 7 , , , 34457 1348 8 then then RB 34457 1348 9 to to IN 34457 1348 10 each each DT 34457 1348 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1348 12 there there EX 34457 1348 13 will will MD 34457 1348 14 correspond correspond VB 34457 1348 15 a a DT 34457 1348 16 definite definite JJ 34457 1348 17 concentration concentration NN 34457 1348 18 of of IN 34457 1348 19 the the DT 34457 1348 20 components component NNS 34457 1348 21 in in IN 34457 1348 22 the the DT 34457 1348 23 two two CD 34457 1348 24 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1348 25 phases phase NNS 34457 1348 26 ; ; : 34457 1348 27 and and CC 34457 1348 28 addition addition NN 34457 1348 29 of of IN 34457 1348 30 excess excess NN 34457 1348 31 of of IN 34457 1348 32 one one CD 34457 1348 33 will will MD 34457 1348 34 merely merely RB 34457 1348 35 alter alter VB 34457 1348 36 the the DT 34457 1348 37 relative relative JJ 34457 1348 38 amounts amount NNS 34457 1348 39 of of IN 34457 1348 40 the the DT 34457 1348 41 two two CD 34457 1348 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 1348 43 . . . 34457 1349 1 As as IN 34457 1349 2 the the DT 34457 1349 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1349 4 changes change VBZ 34457 1349 5 , , , 34457 1349 6 the the DT 34457 1349 7 composition composition NN 34457 1349 8 of of IN 34457 1349 9 the the DT 34457 1349 10 two two CD 34457 1349 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 1349 12 will will MD 34457 1349 13 change change VB 34457 1349 14 , , , 34457 1349 15 and and CC 34457 1349 16 there there EX 34457 1349 17 will will MD 34457 1349 18 therefore therefore RB 34457 1349 19 be be VB 34457 1349 20 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1349 21 two two CD 34457 1349 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 1349 23 curves curve NNS 34457 1349 24 , , , 34457 1349 25 one one CD 34457 1349 26 showing show VBG 34457 1349 27 the the DT 34457 1349 28 solubility solubility NN 34457 1349 29 of of IN 34457 1349 30 component component NNP 34457 1349 31 I. I. NNP 34457 1349 32 in in IN 34457 1349 33 component component NN 34457 1349 34 II II NNP 34457 1349 35 . . NNP 34457 1349 36 , , , 34457 1349 37 the the DT 34457 1349 38 other other JJ 34457 1349 39 showing show VBG 34457 1349 40 the the DT 34457 1349 41 solubility solubility NN 34457 1349 42 of of IN 34457 1349 43 component component NNP 34457 1349 44 II II NNP 34457 1349 45 . . . 34457 1350 1 in in IN 34457 1350 2 component component NN 34457 1350 3 I. I. NNP 34457 1351 1 Since since IN 34457 1351 2 heat heat NN 34457 1351 3 may may MD 34457 1351 4 be be VB 34457 1351 5 either either CC 34457 1351 6 evolved evolve VBN 34457 1351 7 or or CC 34457 1351 8 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 1351 9 when when WRB 34457 1351 10 one one CD 34457 1351 11 liquid liquid NN 34457 1351 12 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 1351 13 in in IN 34457 1351 14 another another DT 34457 1351 15 , , , 34457 1351 16 the the DT 34457 1351 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 1351 18 may may MD 34457 1351 19 diminish diminish VB 34457 1351 20 or or CC 34457 1351 21 increase increase VB 34457 1351 22 { { -LRB- 34457 1351 23 97 97 CD 34457 1351 24 } } -RRB- 34457 1351 25 with with IN 34457 1351 26 rise rise NN 34457 1351 27 of of IN 34457 1351 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 1351 29 . . . 34457 1352 1 The the DT 34457 1352 2 two two CD 34457 1352 3 solutions solution NNS 34457 1352 4 which which WDT 34457 1352 5 at at IN 34457 1352 6 a a DT 34457 1352 7 given give VBN 34457 1352 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1352 9 correspond correspond NN 34457 1352 10 to to IN 34457 1352 11 one one CD 34457 1352 12 another another DT 34457 1352 13 are be VBP 34457 1352 14 known know VBN 34457 1352 15 as as IN 34457 1352 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1352 17 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 1352 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 1352 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1352 20 . . . 34457 1353 1 The the DT 34457 1353 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1353 3 relations relation NNS 34457 1353 4 of of IN 34457 1353 5 partially partially RB 34457 1353 6 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1353 7 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1353 8 have have VBP 34457 1353 9 been be VBN 34457 1353 10 studied study VBN 34457 1353 11 by by IN 34457 1353 12 Guthrie,[167 Guthrie,[167 NNP 34457 1353 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1353 14 and and CC 34457 1353 15 more more RBR 34457 1353 16 especially especially RB 34457 1353 17 by by IN 34457 1353 18 Alexejeff[168 alexejeff[168 CD 34457 1353 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1353 20 and and CC 34457 1353 21 by by IN 34457 1353 22 Rothmund Rothmund NNP 34457 1353 23 . . . 34457 1354 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1354 2 169 169 CD 34457 1354 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1354 4 A a DT 34457 1354 5 considerable considerable JJ 34457 1354 6 variety variety NN 34457 1354 7 of of IN 34457 1354 8 curves curve NNS 34457 1354 9 have have VBP 34457 1354 10 been be VBN 34457 1354 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1354 12 , , , 34457 1354 13 and and CC 34457 1354 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1354 15 shall shall MD 34457 1354 16 therefore therefore RB 34457 1354 17 discuss discuss VB 34457 1354 18 only only RB 34457 1354 19 a a DT 34457 1354 20 few few JJ 34457 1354 21 of of IN 34457 1354 22 the the DT 34457 1354 23 different different JJ 34457 1354 24 cases case NNS 34457 1354 25 which which WDT 34457 1354 26 may may MD 34457 1354 27 be be VB 34457 1354 28 taken take VBN 34457 1354 29 as as IN 34457 1354 30 typical typical JJ 34457 1354 31 of of IN 34457 1354 32 the the DT 34457 1354 33 rest rest NN 34457 1354 34 . . . 34457 1355 1 Phenol phenol NN 34457 1355 2 and and CC 34457 1355 3 Water.--When Water.--When NNP 34457 1355 4 phenol phenol NNP 34457 1355 5 is be VBZ 34457 1355 6 added add VBN 34457 1355 7 to to IN 34457 1355 8 water water NN 34457 1355 9 at at IN 34457 1355 10 the the DT 34457 1355 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1355 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1355 13 , , , 34457 1355 14 solution solution NN 34457 1355 15 takes take VBZ 34457 1355 16 place place NN 34457 1355 17 , , , 34457 1355 18 and and CC 34457 1355 19 a a DT 34457 1355 20 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1355 21 liquid liquid NN 34457 1355 22 is be VBZ 34457 1355 23 produced produce VBN 34457 1355 24 . . . 34457 1356 1 When when WRB 34457 1356 2 , , , 34457 1356 3 however however RB 34457 1356 4 , , , 34457 1356 5 the the DT 34457 1356 6 concentration concentration NN 34457 1356 7 of of IN 34457 1356 8 the the DT 34457 1356 9 phenol phenol NN 34457 1356 10 in in IN 34457 1356 11 the the DT 34457 1356 12 solution solution NN 34457 1356 13 has have VBZ 34457 1356 14 risen rise VBN 34457 1356 15 to to IN 34457 1356 16 about about RB 34457 1356 17 8 8 CD 34457 1356 18 per per NN 34457 1356 19 cent cent NN 34457 1356 20 . . . 34457 1356 21 , , , 34457 1356 22 phenol phenol NNP 34457 1356 23 ceases cease VBZ 34457 1356 24 to to TO 34457 1356 25 be be VB 34457 1356 26 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1356 27 ; ; : 34457 1356 28 and and CC 34457 1356 29 a a DT 34457 1356 30 further further JJ 34457 1356 31 addition addition NN 34457 1356 32 of of IN 34457 1356 33 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1356 34 causes cause VBZ 34457 1356 35 the the DT 34457 1356 36 formation formation NN 34457 1356 37 of of IN 34457 1356 38 a a DT 34457 1356 39 second second JJ 34457 1356 40 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1356 41 phase phase NN 34457 1356 42 , , , 34457 1356 43 which which WDT 34457 1356 44 consists consist VBZ 34457 1356 45 of of IN 34457 1356 46 excess excess NN 34457 1356 47 of of IN 34457 1356 48 phenol phenol NN 34457 1356 49 and and CC 34457 1356 50 a a DT 34457 1356 51 small small JJ 34457 1356 52 quantity quantity NN 34457 1356 53 of of IN 34457 1356 54 water water NN 34457 1356 55 . . . 34457 1357 1 In in IN 34457 1357 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1357 3 language language NN 34457 1357 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1357 5 may may MD 34457 1357 6 be be VB 34457 1357 7 called call VBN 34457 1357 8 a a DT 34457 1357 9 solution solution NN 34457 1357 10 of of IN 34457 1357 11 water water NN 34457 1357 12 in in IN 34457 1357 13 phenol phenol NNP 34457 1357 14 . . . 34457 1358 1 If if IN 34457 1358 2 now now RB 34457 1358 3 the the DT 34457 1358 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1358 5 is be VBZ 34457 1358 6 raised raise VBN 34457 1358 7 , , , 34457 1358 8 this this DT 34457 1358 9 second second JJ 34457 1358 10 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1358 11 phase phase NN 34457 1358 12 will will MD 34457 1358 13 disappear disappear VB 34457 1358 14 , , , 34457 1358 15 and and CC 34457 1358 16 a a DT 34457 1358 17 further further JJ 34457 1358 18 amount amount NN 34457 1358 19 of of IN 34457 1358 20 phenol phenol NN 34457 1358 21 must must MD 34457 1358 22 be be VB 34457 1358 23 added add VBN 34457 1358 24 in in IN 34457 1358 25 order order NN 34457 1358 26 to to TO 34457 1358 27 produce produce VB 34457 1358 28 a a DT 34457 1358 29 separation separation NN 34457 1358 30 of of IN 34457 1358 31 the the DT 34457 1358 32 liquid liquid NN 34457 1358 33 into into IN 34457 1358 34 two two CD 34457 1358 35 layers layer NNS 34457 1358 36 . . . 34457 1359 1 In in IN 34457 1359 2 this this DT 34457 1359 3 way way NN 34457 1359 4 , , , 34457 1359 5 by by IN 34457 1359 6 increasing increase VBG 34457 1359 7 the the DT 34457 1359 8 amount amount NN 34457 1359 9 of of IN 34457 1359 10 phenol phenol NN 34457 1359 11 and and CC 34457 1359 12 noting note VBG 34457 1359 13 the the DT 34457 1359 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 1359 15 at at IN 34457 1359 16 which which WDT 34457 1359 17 the the DT 34457 1359 18 two two CD 34457 1359 19 layers layer NNS 34457 1359 20 disappear disappear VBP 34457 1359 21 , , , 34457 1359 22 the the DT 34457 1359 23 so so RB 34457 1359 24 - - HYPH 34457 1359 25 called call VBN 34457 1359 26 solubility solubility NN 34457 1359 27 curve curve NN 34457 1359 28 of of IN 34457 1359 29 phenol phenol NN 34457 1359 30 in in IN 34457 1359 31 water water NN 34457 1359 32 can can MD 34457 1359 33 be be VB 34457 1359 34 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1359 35 . . . 34457 1360 1 By by IN 34457 1360 2 noting note VBG 34457 1360 3 the the DT 34457 1360 4 change change NN 34457 1360 5 of of IN 34457 1360 6 the the DT 34457 1360 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 1360 8 with with IN 34457 1360 9 the the DT 34457 1360 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1360 11 in in IN 34457 1360 12 this this DT 34457 1360 13 manner manner NN 34457 1360 14 , , , 34457 1360 15 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1360 16 is be VBZ 34457 1360 17 found find VBN 34457 1360 18 that that IN 34457 1360 19 at at IN 34457 1360 20 all all DT 34457 1360 21 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1360 22 below below IN 34457 1360 23 68.4 68.4â CD 34457 1360 24 ° ° NNS 34457 1360 25 , , , 34457 1360 26 the the DT 34457 1360 27 addition addition NN 34457 1360 28 of of IN 34457 1360 29 more more JJR 34457 1360 30 than than IN 34457 1360 31 a a DT 34457 1360 32 certain certain JJ 34457 1360 33 amount amount NN 34457 1360 34 of of IN 34457 1360 35 phenol phenol NN 34457 1360 36 causes cause VBZ 34457 1360 37 the the DT 34457 1360 38 formation formation NN 34457 1360 39 of of IN 34457 1360 40 two two CD 34457 1360 41 layers layer NNS 34457 1360 42 ; ; : 34457 1360 43 at at IN 34457 1360 44 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1360 45 above above IN 34457 1360 46 this this DT 34457 1360 47 , , , 34457 1360 48 however however RB 34457 1360 49 , , , 34457 1360 50 two two CD 34457 1360 51 layers layer NNS 34457 1360 52 can can MD 34457 1360 53 not not RB 34457 1360 54 be be VB 34457 1360 55 formed form VBN 34457 1360 56 , , , 34457 1360 57 no no RB 34457 1360 58 matter matter RB 34457 1360 59 how how WRB 34457 1360 60 much much JJ 34457 1360 61 phenol phenol NN 34457 1360 62 is be VBZ 34457 1360 63 added add VBN 34457 1360 64 . . . 34457 1361 1 At at IN 34457 1361 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1361 3 above above IN 34457 1361 4 68.4 68.4â CD 34457 1361 5 ° ° NNS 34457 1361 6 , , , 34457 1361 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1361 8 , , , 34457 1361 9 water water NN 34457 1361 10 and and CC 34457 1361 11 phenol phenol NN 34457 1361 12 are be VBP 34457 1361 13 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1361 14 in in IN 34457 1361 15 all all DT 34457 1361 16 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1361 17 . . . 34457 1362 1 On on IN 34457 1362 2 the the DT 34457 1362 3 other other JJ 34457 1362 4 hand hand NN 34457 1362 5 , , , 34457 1362 6 if if IN 34457 1362 7 water water NN 34457 1362 8 is be VBZ 34457 1362 9 added add VBN 34457 1362 10 to to IN 34457 1362 11 phenol phenol NN 34457 1362 12 at at IN 34457 1362 13 the the DT 34457 1362 14 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1362 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1362 16 , , , 34457 1362 17 a a DT 34457 1362 18 liquid liquid NN 34457 1362 19 is be VBZ 34457 1362 20 produced produce VBN 34457 1362 21 which which WDT 34457 1362 22 consists consist VBZ 34457 1362 23 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 1362 24 of of IN 34457 1362 25 phenol phenol NN 34457 1362 26 , , , 34457 1362 27 and and CC 34457 1362 28 on on IN 34457 1362 29 increasing increase VBG 34457 1362 30 the the DT 34457 1362 31 amount amount NN 34457 1362 32 of of IN 34457 1362 33 water water NN 34457 1362 34 beyond beyond IN 34457 1362 35 a a DT 34457 1362 36 certain certain JJ 34457 1362 37 point point NN 34457 1362 38 , , , 34457 1362 39 two two CD 34457 1362 40 layers layer NNS 34457 1362 41 are be VBP 34457 1362 42 formed form VBN 34457 1362 43 . . . 34457 1363 1 On on IN 34457 1363 2 raising raise VBG 34457 1363 3 the the DT 34457 1363 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1363 5 these these DT 34457 1363 6 two two CD 34457 1363 7 layers layer NNS 34457 1363 8 disappear disappear VBP 34457 1363 9 , , , 34457 1363 10 and and CC 34457 1363 11 a a DT 34457 1363 12 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1363 13 solution solution NN 34457 1363 14 is be VBZ 34457 1363 15 again again RB 34457 1363 16 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1363 17 . . . 34457 1364 1 The the DT 34457 1364 2 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1364 3 are be VBP 34457 1364 4 exactly exactly RB 34457 1364 5 analogous analogous JJ 34457 1364 6 to to IN 34457 1364 7 those those DT 34457 1364 8 already already RB 34457 1364 9 described describe VBN 34457 1364 10 . . . 34457 1365 1 Since since IN 34457 1365 2 , , , 34457 1365 3 now now RB 34457 1365 4 , , , 34457 1365 5 in in IN 34457 1365 6 the the DT 34457 1365 7 second second JJ 34457 1365 8 { { -LRB- 34457 1365 9 98 98 CD 34457 1365 10 } } -RRB- 34457 1365 11 case case NN 34457 1365 12 the the DT 34457 1365 13 concentration concentration NN 34457 1365 14 of of IN 34457 1365 15 the the DT 34457 1365 16 phenol phenol NN 34457 1365 17 in in IN 34457 1365 18 the the DT 34457 1365 19 solution solution NN 34457 1365 20 gradually gradually RB 34457 1365 21 decreases decrease VBZ 34457 1365 22 , , , 34457 1365 23 while while IN 34457 1365 24 in in IN 34457 1365 25 the the DT 34457 1365 26 former former JJ 34457 1365 27 case case NN 34457 1365 28 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1365 29 gradually gradually RB 34457 1365 30 increases increase VBZ 34457 1365 31 , , , 34457 1365 32 a a DT 34457 1365 33 point point NN 34457 1365 34 must must MD 34457 1365 35 at at IN 34457 1365 36 length length NN 34457 1365 37 be be VB 34457 1365 38 reached reach VBN 34457 1365 39 at at IN 34457 1365 40 which which WDT 34457 1365 41 the the DT 34457 1365 42 composition composition NN 34457 1365 43 of of IN 34457 1365 44 the the DT 34457 1365 45 two two CD 34457 1365 46 solutions solution NNS 34457 1365 47 becomes become VBZ 34457 1365 48 the the DT 34457 1365 49 same same JJ 34457 1365 50 . . . 34457 1366 1 On on IN 34457 1366 2 mixing mix VBG 34457 1366 3 the the DT 34457 1366 4 two two CD 34457 1366 5 solutions solution NNS 34457 1366 6 , , , 34457 1366 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1366 8 , , , 34457 1366 9 one one CD 34457 1366 10 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1366 11 liquid liquid NN 34457 1366 12 will will MD 34457 1366 13 be be VB 34457 1366 14 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1366 15 . . . 34457 1367 1 But but CC 34457 1367 2 the the DT 34457 1367 3 point point NN 34457 1367 4 at at IN 34457 1367 5 which which WDT 34457 1367 6 two two CD 34457 1367 7 phases phase NNS 34457 1367 8 become become VBP 34457 1367 9 identical identical JJ 34457 1367 10 is be VBZ 34457 1367 11 called call VBN 34457 1367 12 a a DT 34457 1367 13 critical critical JJ 34457 1367 14 point point NN 34457 1367 15 , , , 34457 1367 16 so so IN 34457 1367 17 that that IN 34457 1367 18 , , , 34457 1367 19 in in IN 34457 1367 20 accordance accordance NN 34457 1367 21 with with IN 34457 1367 22 this this DT 34457 1367 23 definition definition NN 34457 1367 24 , , , 34457 1367 25 the the DT 34457 1367 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 1367 27 at at IN 34457 1367 28 which which WDT 34457 1367 29 the the DT 34457 1367 30 two two CD 34457 1367 31 solutions solution NNS 34457 1367 32 of of IN 34457 1367 33 phenol phenol NN 34457 1367 34 and and CC 34457 1367 35 water water NN 34457 1367 36 become become VBP 34457 1367 37 identical identical JJ 34457 1367 38 may may MD 34457 1367 39 be be VB 34457 1367 40 called call VBN 34457 1367 41 the the DT 34457 1367 42 _ _ NNP 34457 1367 43 critical critical JJ 34457 1367 44 solution solution NN 34457 1367 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 1367 46 _ _ NNP 34457 1367 47 , , , 34457 1367 48 and and CC 34457 1367 49 the the DT 34457 1367 50 concentration concentration NN 34457 1367 51 at at IN 34457 1367 52 this this DT 34457 1367 53 point point NN 34457 1367 54 may may MD 34457 1367 55 be be VB 34457 1367 56 called call VBN 34457 1367 57 the the DT 34457 1367 58 _ _ NNP 34457 1367 59 critical critical JJ 34457 1367 60 concentration concentration NN 34457 1367 61 _ _ NNP 34457 1367 62 . . . 34457 1368 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1368 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1368 3 : : : 34457 1368 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1368 5 . . . 34457 1369 1 22 22 CD 34457 1369 2 . . . 34457 1369 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1370 1 From from IN 34457 1370 2 what what WP 34457 1370 3 has have VBZ 34457 1370 4 been be VBN 34457 1370 5 said say VBN 34457 1370 6 above above RB 34457 1370 7 , , , 34457 1370 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1370 9 will will MD 34457 1370 10 be be VB 34457 1370 11 seen see VBN 34457 1370 12 that that IN 34457 1370 13 at at IN 34457 1370 14 any any DT 34457 1370 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1370 16 below below IN 34457 1370 17 the the DT 34457 1370 18 critical critical JJ 34457 1370 19 solution solution NN 34457 1370 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 1370 21 , , , 34457 1370 22 two two CD 34457 1370 23 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 1370 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 1370 25 containing contain VBG 34457 1370 26 water water NN 34457 1370 27 and and CC 34457 1370 28 phenol phenol NN 34457 1370 29 in in IN 34457 1370 30 different different JJ 34457 1370 31 concentration concentration NN 34457 1370 32 can can MD 34457 1370 33 exist exist VB 34457 1370 34 together together RB 34457 1370 35 , , , 34457 1370 36 one one NN 34457 1370 37 containing contain VBG 34457 1370 38 excess excess NN 34457 1370 39 of of IN 34457 1370 40 water water NN 34457 1370 41 , , , 34457 1370 42 the the DT 34457 1370 43 other other JJ 34457 1370 44 excess excess NN 34457 1370 45 of of IN 34457 1370 46 phenol phenol NN 34457 1370 47 . . . 34457 1371 1 The the DT 34457 1371 2 following follow VBG 34457 1371 3 table table NN 34457 1371 4 gives give VBZ 34457 1371 5 the the DT 34457 1371 6 composition composition NN 34457 1371 7 of of IN 34457 1371 8 the the DT 34457 1371 9 two two CD 34457 1371 10 layers layer NNS 34457 1371 11 , , , 34457 1371 12 and and CC 34457 1371 13 the the DT 34457 1371 14 values value NNS 34457 1371 15 are be VBP 34457 1371 16 represented represent VBN 34457 1371 17 graphically graphically RB 34457 1371 18 in in IN 34457 1371 19 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1371 20 . . . 34457 1372 1 22 22 CD 34457 1372 2 . . . 34457 1373 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1373 2 170 170 CD 34457 1373 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1373 4 PHENOL PHENOL NNP 34457 1373 5 AND and CC 34457 1373 6 WATER WATER NNP 34457 1373 7 . . . 34457 1374 1 C_{1 c_{1 NN 34457 1374 2 } } -RRB- 34457 1374 3 is be VBZ 34457 1374 4 the the DT 34457 1374 5 percentage percentage NN 34457 1374 6 amount amount NN 34457 1374 7 of of IN 34457 1374 8 phenol phenol NN 34457 1374 9 in in IN 34457 1374 10 the the DT 34457 1374 11 first first JJ 34457 1374 12 layer layer NN 34457 1374 13 . . . 34457 1375 1 C_{2 C_{2 NNP 34457 1375 2 } } -RRB- 34457 1375 3 " " `` 34457 1375 4 " " '' 34457 1375 5 " " '' 34457 1375 6 second second JJ 34457 1375 7 layer layer NN 34457 1375 8 . . . 34457 1376 1 -------------+--------+-------- -------------+--------+-------- NFP 34457 1376 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1376 3 . . . 34457 1377 1 | | CD 34457 1377 2 C_{1}.| C_{1}.| NNP 34457 1377 3 C_{2 C_{2 NNP 34457 1377 4 } } -RRB- 34457 1377 5 . . . 34457 1378 1 -------------+--------+-------- -------------+--------+-------- NFP 34457 1378 2 20 20â CD 34457 1378 3 ° ° , 34457 1378 4 | | CD 34457 1378 5 8.5 8.5 CD 34457 1378 6 | | CD 34457 1378 7 72.2 72.2 CD 34457 1378 8 30 30â CD 34457 1378 9 ° ° , 34457 1378 10 | | NNP 34457 1378 11 8.7 8.7 CD 34457 1378 12 | | CD 34457 1378 13 69.9 69.9 CD 34457 1378 14 40 40â CD 34457 1378 15 ° ° , 34457 1378 16 | | CD 34457 1378 17 9.7 9.7 CD 34457 1378 18 | | CD 34457 1378 19 66.8 66.8 CD 34457 1378 20 50 50â CD 34457 1378 21 ° ° , 34457 1378 22 | | CD 34457 1378 23 12.0 12.0 CD 34457 1378 24 | | CD 34457 1378 25 62.7 62.7 CD 34457 1378 26 55 55 NNP 34457 1378 27 ° ° , 34457 1378 28 | | CD 34457 1378 29 14.2 14.2 CD 34457 1378 30 | | CD 34457 1378 31 60.0 60.0 CD 34457 1378 32 60 60â CD 34457 1378 33 ° ° , 34457 1378 34 | | CD 34457 1378 35 17.5 17.5 CD 34457 1378 36 | | CD 34457 1378 37 56.2 56.2 CD 34457 1378 38 65 65 NNP 34457 1378 39 ° ° , 34457 1378 40 | | CD 34457 1378 41 22.7 22.7 CD 34457 1378 42 | | CD 34457 1378 43 49.7 49.7 CD 34457 1378 44 68.4 68.4â CD 34457 1378 45 ° ° , 34457 1378 46 | | CD 34457 1378 47 36.1 36.1 CD 34457 1378 48 | | CD 34457 1378 49 36.1 36.1 CD 34457 1378 50 -------------+--------+-------- -------------+--------+-------- CD 34457 1378 51 { { -LRB- 34457 1378 52 99 99 CD 34457 1378 53 } } -RRB- 34457 1378 54 The the DT 34457 1378 55 critical critical JJ 34457 1378 56 solution solution NN 34457 1378 57 temperature temperature NN 34457 1378 58 for for IN 34457 1378 59 phenol phenol NN 34457 1378 60 and and CC 34457 1378 61 water water NN 34457 1378 62 is be VBZ 34457 1378 63 68.4 68.4â CD 34457 1378 64 ° ° NNS 34457 1378 65 , , , 34457 1378 66 the the DT 34457 1378 67 critical critical JJ 34457 1378 68 concentration concentration NN 34457 1378 69 36.1 36.1 CD 34457 1378 70 per per IN 34457 1378 71 cent cent NN 34457 1378 72 . . . 34457 1379 1 of of IN 34457 1379 2 phenol phenol NNP 34457 1379 3 . . . 34457 1380 1 At at IN 34457 1380 2 all all DT 34457 1380 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1380 4 above above IN 34457 1380 5 68.4 68.4â CD 34457 1380 6 ° ° NNS 34457 1380 7 , , , 34457 1380 8 only only RB 34457 1380 9 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1380 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 1380 11 of of IN 34457 1380 12 phenol phenol NN 34457 1380 13 and and CC 34457 1380 14 water water NN 34457 1380 15 can can MD 34457 1380 16 be be VB 34457 1380 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1380 18 ; ; : 34457 1380 19 water water NN 34457 1380 20 and and CC 34457 1380 21 phenol phenol NN 34457 1380 22 are be VBP 34457 1380 23 then then RB 34457 1380 24 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1380 25 in in IN 34457 1380 26 all all DT 34457 1380 27 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1380 28 . . . 34457 1381 1 At at IN 34457 1381 2 the the DT 34457 1381 3 critical critical JJ 34457 1381 4 solution solution NN 34457 1381 5 point point NN 34457 1381 6 the the DT 34457 1381 7 system system NN 34457 1381 8 exists exist VBZ 34457 1381 9 in in IN 34457 1381 10 only only RB 34457 1381 11 two two CD 34457 1381 12 phases phase NNS 34457 1381 13 -- -- : 34457 1381 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1381 15 and and CC 34457 1381 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 1381 17 . . . 34457 1382 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1382 2 ought ought MD 34457 1382 3 , , , 34457 1382 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1382 5 , , , 34457 1382 6 to to TO 34457 1382 7 possess possess VB 34457 1382 8 two two CD 34457 1382 9 degrees degree NNS 34457 1382 10 of of IN 34457 1382 11 freedom freedom NN 34457 1382 12 . . . 34457 1383 1 The the DT 34457 1383 2 restriction restriction NN 34457 1383 3 is be VBZ 34457 1383 4 , , , 34457 1383 5 however however RB 34457 1383 6 , , , 34457 1383 7 imposed impose VBD 34457 1383 8 that that IN 34457 1383 9 the the DT 34457 1383 10 composition composition NN 34457 1383 11 of of IN 34457 1383 12 the the DT 34457 1383 13 two two CD 34457 1383 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1383 15 phases phase NNS 34457 1383 16 , , , 34457 1383 17 coexisting coexist VBG 34457 1383 18 at at IN 34457 1383 19 a a DT 34457 1383 20 point point NN 34457 1383 21 infinitely infinitely RB 34457 1383 22 near near RB 34457 1383 23 to to IN 34457 1383 24 the the DT 34457 1383 25 critical critical JJ 34457 1383 26 point point NN 34457 1383 27 , , , 34457 1383 28 becomes become VBZ 34457 1383 29 the the DT 34457 1383 30 same same JJ 34457 1383 31 , , , 34457 1383 32 and and CC 34457 1383 33 this this DT 34457 1383 34 disposes dispose NNS 34457 1383 35 of of IN 34457 1383 36 one one CD 34457 1383 37 of of IN 34457 1383 38 the the DT 34457 1383 39 degrees degree NNS 34457 1383 40 of of IN 34457 1383 41 freedom freedom NN 34457 1383 42 . . . 34457 1384 1 The the DT 34457 1384 2 system system NN 34457 1384 3 is be VBZ 34457 1384 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1384 5 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1384 6 ; ; : 34457 1384 7 and and CC 34457 1384 8 at at IN 34457 1384 9 a a DT 34457 1384 10 given give VBN 34457 1384 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1384 12 the the DT 34457 1384 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1384 14 will will MD 34457 1384 15 have have VB 34457 1384 16 a a DT 34457 1384 17 definite definite JJ 34457 1384 18 value value NN 34457 1384 19 . . . 34457 1385 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1385 2 , , , 34457 1385 3 if if IN 34457 1385 4 the the DT 34457 1385 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 1385 6 is be VBZ 34457 1385 7 fixed fix VBN 34457 1385 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1385 9 as as IN 34457 1385 10 is be VBZ 34457 1385 11 the the DT 34457 1385 12 case case NN 34457 1385 13 when when WRB 34457 1385 14 the the DT 34457 1385 15 system system NN 34457 1385 16 is be VBZ 34457 1385 17 under under IN 34457 1385 18 the the DT 34457 1385 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 1385 20 of of IN 34457 1385 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1385 22 own own JJ 34457 1385 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 1385 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1385 25 , , , 34457 1385 26 then then RB 34457 1385 27 the the DT 34457 1385 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 1385 29 will will MD 34457 1385 30 also also RB 34457 1385 31 be be VB 34457 1385 32 fixed fix VBN 34457 1385 33 ; ; : 34457 1385 34 that that RB 34457 1385 35 is is RB 34457 1385 36 , , , 34457 1385 37 the the DT 34457 1385 38 critical critical JJ 34457 1385 39 solution solution NN 34457 1385 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 1385 41 has have VBZ 34457 1385 42 a a DT 34457 1385 43 definite definite JJ 34457 1385 44 value value NN 34457 1385 45 depending depend VBG 34457 1385 46 only only RB 34457 1385 47 on on IN 34457 1385 48 the the DT 34457 1385 49 substances substance NNS 34457 1385 50 . . . 34457 1386 1 If if IN 34457 1386 2 the the DT 34457 1386 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 1386 4 phase phase NN 34457 1386 5 is be VBZ 34457 1386 6 omitted omit VBN 34457 1386 7 , , , 34457 1386 8 the the DT 34457 1386 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1386 10 will will MD 34457 1386 11 alter alter VB 34457 1386 12 with with IN 34457 1386 13 the the DT 34457 1386 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1386 15 ; ; : 34457 1386 16 in in IN 34457 1386 17 this this DT 34457 1386 18 case case NN 34457 1386 19 , , , 34457 1386 20 however however RB 34457 1386 21 , , , 34457 1386 22 as as IN 34457 1386 23 in in IN 34457 1386 24 the the DT 34457 1386 25 case case NN 34457 1386 26 of of IN 34457 1386 27 other other JJ 34457 1386 28 condensed condense VBN 34457 1386 29 systems system NNS 34457 1386 30 , , , 34457 1386 31 the the DT 34457 1386 32 effect effect NN 34457 1386 33 of of IN 34457 1386 34 pressure pressure NN 34457 1386 35 is be VBZ 34457 1386 36 slight slight JJ 34457 1386 37 . . . 34457 1387 1 From from IN 34457 1387 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1387 3 . . . 34457 1388 1 22 22 CD 34457 1388 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1388 3 is be VBZ 34457 1388 4 easy easy JJ 34457 1388 5 to to TO 34457 1388 6 predict predict VB 34457 1388 7 the the DT 34457 1388 8 effect effect NN 34457 1388 9 of of IN 34457 1388 10 bringing bring VBG 34457 1388 11 together together RB 34457 1388 12 water water NN 34457 1388 13 and and CC 34457 1388 14 phenol phenol NN 34457 1388 15 in in IN 34457 1388 16 any any DT 34457 1388 17 given give VBN 34457 1388 18 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1388 19 at at IN 34457 1388 20 any any DT 34457 1388 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1388 22 . . . 34457 1389 1 Start start VB 34457 1389 2 with with IN 34457 1389 3 a a DT 34457 1389 4 solution solution NN 34457 1389 5 of of IN 34457 1389 6 phenol phenol NN 34457 1389 7 and and CC 34457 1389 8 water water NN 34457 1389 9 having have VBG 34457 1389 10 the the DT 34457 1389 11 composition composition NN 34457 1389 12 represented represent VBN 34457 1389 13 by by IN 34457 1389 14 the the DT 34457 1389 15 point point NN 34457 1389 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1389 17 x x NNP 34457 1389 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1389 19 . . . 34457 1390 1 If if IN 34457 1390 2 to to IN 34457 1390 3 this this DT 34457 1390 4 solution solution NN 34457 1390 5 phenol phenol NN 34457 1390 6 is be VBZ 34457 1390 7 added add VBN 34457 1390 8 at at IN 34457 1390 9 constant constant JJ 34457 1390 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1390 11 , , , 34457 1390 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1390 13 will will MD 34457 1390 14 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1390 15 , , , 34457 1390 16 and and CC 34457 1390 17 the the DT 34457 1390 18 composition composition NN 34457 1390 19 of of IN 34457 1390 20 the the DT 34457 1390 21 solution solution NN 34457 1390 22 will will MD 34457 1390 23 gradually gradually RB 34457 1390 24 change change VB 34457 1390 25 , , , 34457 1390 26 as as IN 34457 1390 27 shown show VBN 34457 1390 28 by by IN 34457 1390 29 the the DT 34457 1390 30 dotted dotted JJ 34457 1390 31 line line NN 34457 1390 32 _ _ NNP 34457 1390 33 xy xy NNP 34457 1390 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1390 35 . . . 34457 1391 1 When when WRB 34457 1391 2 , , , 34457 1391 3 however however RB 34457 1391 4 , , , 34457 1391 5 the the DT 34457 1391 6 concentration concentration NN 34457 1391 7 has have VBZ 34457 1391 8 reached reach VBN 34457 1391 9 the the DT 34457 1391 10 value value NN 34457 1391 11 represented represent VBN 34457 1391 12 by by IN 34457 1391 13 the the DT 34457 1391 14 point point NN 34457 1391 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1391 16 y y NNP 34457 1391 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1391 18 , , , 34457 1391 19 two two CD 34457 1391 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1391 21 layers layer NNS 34457 1391 22 will will MD 34457 1391 23 be be VB 34457 1391 24 formed form VBN 34457 1391 25 , , , 34457 1391 26 the the DT 34457 1391 27 one one CD 34457 1391 28 solution solution NN 34457 1391 29 having have VBG 34457 1391 30 the the DT 34457 1391 31 composition composition NN 34457 1391 32 represented represent VBN 34457 1391 33 by by IN 34457 1391 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1391 35 y y NNP 34457 1391 36 _ _ NNP 34457 1391 37 , , , 34457 1391 38 the the DT 34457 1391 39 other other JJ 34457 1391 40 that that WDT 34457 1391 41 represented represent VBN 34457 1391 42 by by IN 34457 1391 43 _ _ NNP 34457 1391 44 y y NNP 34457 1391 45 ' ' '' 34457 1391 46 _ _ NNP 34457 1391 47 . . . 34457 1392 1 The the DT 34457 1392 2 system system NN 34457 1392 3 is be VBZ 34457 1392 4 now now RB 34457 1392 5 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1392 6 , , , 34457 1392 7 and and CC 34457 1392 8 on on IN 34457 1392 9 further further JJ 34457 1392 10 addition addition NN 34457 1392 11 of of IN 34457 1392 12 phenol phenol NNP 34457 1392 13 , , , 34457 1392 14 the the DT 34457 1392 15 composition composition NN 34457 1392 16 of of IN 34457 1392 17 the the DT 34457 1392 18 two two CD 34457 1392 19 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1392 20 phases phase NNS 34457 1392 21 will will MD 34457 1392 22 remain remain VB 34457 1392 23 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1392 24 , , , 34457 1392 25 but but CC 34457 1392 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1392 27 relative relative JJ 34457 1392 28 amounts amount NNS 34457 1392 29 will will MD 34457 1392 30 alter alter VB 34457 1392 31 . . . 34457 1393 1 The the DT 34457 1393 2 phase phase NN 34457 1393 3 richer rich JJR 34457 1393 4 in in IN 34457 1393 5 phenol phenol NNP 34457 1393 6 will will MD 34457 1393 7 increase increase VB 34457 1393 8 in in IN 34457 1393 9 amount amount NN 34457 1393 10 ; ; : 34457 1393 11 that that IN 34457 1393 12 richer rich JJR 34457 1393 13 in in IN 34457 1393 14 water water NN 34457 1393 15 will will MD 34457 1393 16 decrease decrease VB 34457 1393 17 , , , 34457 1393 18 and and CC 34457 1393 19 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1393 20 disappear disappear VBP 34457 1393 21 , , , 34457 1393 22 and and CC 34457 1393 23 there there EX 34457 1393 24 will will MD 34457 1393 25 remain remain VB 34457 1393 26 the the DT 34457 1393 27 solution solution NN 34457 1393 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1393 29 y y NNP 34457 1393 30 ' ' '' 34457 1393 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1393 32 . . . 34457 1394 1 Continued continue VBN 34457 1394 2 addition addition NN 34457 1394 3 of of IN 34457 1394 4 phenol phenol NN 34457 1394 5 will will MD 34457 1394 6 then then RB 34457 1394 7 lead lead VB 34457 1394 8 to to IN 34457 1394 9 the the DT 34457 1394 10 point point NN 34457 1394 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1394 12 x x SYM 34457 1394 13 ' ' '' 34457 1394 14 _ _ NN 34457 1394 15 , , , 34457 1394 16 there there EX 34457 1394 17 being be VBG 34457 1394 18 now now RB 34457 1394 19 only only RB 34457 1394 20 one one CD 34457 1394 21 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1394 22 phase phase NN 34457 1394 23 present present NN 34457 1394 24 . . . 34457 1395 1 Since since IN 34457 1395 2 the the DT 34457 1395 3 critical critical JJ 34457 1395 4 solution solution NN 34457 1395 5 point point NN 34457 1395 6 represents represent VBZ 34457 1395 7 the the DT 34457 1395 8 highest high JJS 34457 1395 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1395 10 at at IN 34457 1395 11 which which WDT 34457 1395 12 two two CD 34457 1395 13 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1395 14 phases phase NNS 34457 1395 15 consisting consist VBG 34457 1395 16 of of IN 34457 1395 17 phenol phenol NN 34457 1395 18 and and CC 34457 1395 19 { { -LRB- 34457 1395 20 100 100 CD 34457 1395 21 } } -RRB- 34457 1395 22 water water NN 34457 1395 23 can can MD 34457 1395 24 exist exist VB 34457 1395 25 together together RB 34457 1395 26 , , , 34457 1395 27 these these DT 34457 1395 28 two two CD 34457 1395 29 substances substance NNS 34457 1395 30 can can MD 34457 1395 31 be be VB 34457 1395 32 brought bring VBN 34457 1395 33 together together RB 34457 1395 34 in in IN 34457 1395 35 any any DT 34457 1395 36 amount amount NN 34457 1395 37 whatever whatever WDT 34457 1395 38 at at IN 34457 1395 39 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1395 40 higher high JJR 34457 1395 41 than than IN 34457 1395 42 68.4 68.4â CD 34457 1395 43 ° ° NNS 34457 1395 44 , , , 34457 1395 45 without without IN 34457 1395 46 the the DT 34457 1395 47 formation formation NN 34457 1395 48 of of IN 34457 1395 49 two two CD 34457 1395 50 layers layer NNS 34457 1395 51 . . . 34457 1396 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1396 2 will will MD 34457 1396 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1396 4 be be VB 34457 1396 5 possible possible JJ 34457 1396 6 to to TO 34457 1396 7 pass pass VB 34457 1396 8 from from IN 34457 1396 9 a a DT 34457 1396 10 system system NN 34457 1396 11 represented represent VBN 34457 1396 12 by by IN 34457 1396 13 _ _ NNP 34457 1396 14 x x NNP 34457 1396 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1396 16 to to IN 34457 1396 17 one one CD 34457 1396 18 represented represent VBN 34457 1396 19 by by IN 34457 1396 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1396 21 x x NNP 34457 1396 22 ' ' '' 34457 1396 23 _ _ NN 34457 1396 24 , , , 34457 1396 25 without without IN 34457 1396 26 at at IN 34457 1396 27 any any DT 34457 1396 28 time time NN 34457 1396 29 two two CD 34457 1396 30 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1396 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1396 32 appearing appear VBG 34457 1396 33 . . . 34457 1397 1 Starting start VBG 34457 1397 2 with with IN 34457 1397 3 _ _ NNP 34457 1397 4 x x NNP 34457 1397 5 _ _ NNP 34457 1397 6 , , , 34457 1397 7 the the DT 34457 1397 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1397 9 is be VBZ 34457 1397 10 first first RB 34457 1397 11 raised raise VBN 34457 1397 12 above above IN 34457 1397 13 the the DT 34457 1397 14 critical critical JJ 34457 1397 15 solution solution NN 34457 1397 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1397 17 ; ; : 34457 1397 18 phenol phenol NN 34457 1397 19 is be VBZ 34457 1397 20 then then RB 34457 1397 21 added add VBN 34457 1397 22 until until IN 34457 1397 23 the the DT 34457 1397 24 concentration concentration NN 34457 1397 25 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1397 26 the the DT 34457 1397 27 point point NN 34457 1397 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1397 29 x__{2 x__{2 NNP 34457 1397 30 } } -RRB- 34457 1397 31 . . . 34457 1398 1 On on IN 34457 1398 2 allowing allow VBG 34457 1398 3 the the DT 34457 1398 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1398 5 to to TO 34457 1398 6 fall fall VB 34457 1398 7 , , , 34457 1398 8 the the DT 34457 1398 9 system system NN 34457 1398 10 will will MD 34457 1398 11 then then RB 34457 1398 12 pass pass VB 34457 1398 13 into into IN 34457 1398 14 the the DT 34457 1398 15 condition condition NN 34457 1398 16 represented represent VBN 34457 1398 17 by by IN 34457 1398 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1398 19 x x NNP 34457 1398 20 ' ' '' 34457 1398 21 _ _ NN 34457 1398 22 . . . 34457 1399 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1399 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1399 3 : : : 34457 1399 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1399 5 . . . 34457 1400 1 23 23 CD 34457 1400 2 . . . 34457 1400 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1401 1 Methylethylketone methylethylketone NN 34457 1401 2 and and CC 34457 1401 3 Water.--In water.--in VB 34457 1401 4 the the DT 34457 1401 5 case case NN 34457 1401 6 just just RB 34457 1401 7 described describe VBN 34457 1401 8 , , , 34457 1401 9 the the DT 34457 1401 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 1401 11 of of IN 34457 1401 12 each each DT 34457 1401 13 component component NN 34457 1401 14 in in IN 34457 1401 15 the the DT 34457 1401 16 other other JJ 34457 1401 17 increased increase VBD 34457 1401 18 continuously continuously RB 34457 1401 19 with with IN 34457 1401 20 the the DT 34457 1401 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1401 22 . . . 34457 1402 1 There there EX 34457 1402 2 are be VBP 34457 1402 3 , , , 34457 1402 4 however however RB 34457 1402 5 , , , 34457 1402 6 cases case NNS 34457 1402 7 where where WRB 34457 1402 8 a a DT 34457 1402 9 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1402 10 or or CC 34457 1402 11 minimum minimum NN 34457 1402 12 of of IN 34457 1402 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 1402 14 is be VBZ 34457 1402 15 found find VBN 34457 1402 16 , , , 34457 1402 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1402 18 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1402 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1402 20 methylethylketone methylethylketone NN 34457 1402 21 and and CC 34457 1402 22 water water NN 34457 1402 23 . . . 34457 1403 1 The the DT 34457 1403 2 curve curve NN 34457 1403 3 which which WDT 34457 1403 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 1403 5 the the DT 34457 1403 6 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1403 7 between between IN 34457 1403 8 these these DT 34457 1403 9 two two CD 34457 1403 10 substances substance NNS 34457 1403 11 is be VBZ 34457 1403 12 given give VBN 34457 1403 13 in in IN 34457 1403 14 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1403 15 . . . 34457 1404 1 23 23 CD 34457 1404 2 , , , 34457 1404 3 the the DT 34457 1404 4 concentration concentration NN 34457 1404 5 values value NNS 34457 1404 6 being be VBG 34457 1404 7 contained contain VBN 34457 1404 8 in in IN 34457 1404 9 the the DT 34457 1404 10 following follow VBG 34457 1404 11 table:[171]-- table:[171]-- JJ 34457 1404 12 METHYLETHYLKETONE METHYLETHYLKETONE NNP 34457 1404 13 AND and CC 34457 1404 14 WATER water NN 34457 1404 15 . . . 34457 1405 1 --------------+-----------------+----------------- --------------+-----------------+----------------- NFP 34457 1405 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1405 3 . . . 34457 1406 1 | | NNP 34457 1406 2 C_{1 C_{1 NNP 34457 1406 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1406 4 per per IN 34457 1406 5 cent cent NN 34457 1406 6 . . . 34457 1407 1 | | NNP 34457 1407 2 C_{2 C_{2 NNP 34457 1407 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1407 4 per per IN 34457 1407 5 cent cent NN 34457 1407 6 . . . 34457 1408 1 --------------+-----------------+----------------- --------------+-----------------+----------------- NFP 34457 1408 2 -10 -10â XX 34457 1408 3 ° ° , 34457 1408 4 | | NNP 34457 1408 5 34.5 34.5 CD 34457 1408 6 | | CD 34457 1408 7 89.7 89.7 CD 34457 1408 8 +10 +10 NNP 34457 1408 9 ° ° , 34457 1408 10 | | NNP 34457 1408 11 26.1 26.1 CD 34457 1408 12 | | CD 34457 1408 13 90.0 90.0 CD 34457 1408 14 30 30â CD 34457 1408 15 ° ° , 34457 1408 16 | | CD 34457 1408 17 21.9 21.9 CD 34457 1408 18 | | CD 34457 1408 19 89.9 89.9 CD 34457 1408 20 50 50â CD 34457 1408 21 ° ° , 34457 1408 22 | | CD 34457 1408 23 17.5 17.5 CD 34457 1408 24 | | CD 34457 1408 25 89.0 89.0 CD 34457 1408 26 70 70â CD 34457 1408 27 ° ° , 34457 1408 28 | | CD 34457 1408 29 16.2 16.2 CD 34457 1408 30 | | CD 34457 1408 31 85.7 85.7 CD 34457 1408 32 90 90 NNP 34457 1408 33 ° ° , 34457 1408 34 | | CD 34457 1408 35 16.1 16.1 CD 34457 1408 36 | | CD 34457 1408 37 84.8 84.8 CD 34457 1408 38 110 110â CD 34457 1408 39 ° ° , 34457 1408 40 | | NNP 34457 1408 41 17.7 17.7 CD 34457 1408 42 | | CD 34457 1408 43 80.0 80.0 CD 34457 1408 44 130 130â CD 34457 1408 45 ° ° , 34457 1408 46 | | CD 34457 1408 47 21.8 21.8 CD 34457 1408 48 | | CD 34457 1408 49 71.9 71.9 CD 34457 1408 50 140 140 NNP 34457 1408 51 ° ° , 34457 1408 52 | | CD 34457 1408 53 26.0 26.0 CD 34457 1408 54 | | CD 34457 1408 55 64.0 64.0 CD 34457 1408 56 151.8 151.8â CD 34457 1408 57 ° ° , 34457 1408 58 | | CD 34457 1408 59 44.2 44.2 CD 34457 1408 60 | | CD 34457 1408 61 44.2 44.2 CD 34457 1408 62 --------------+-----------------+----------------- --------------+-----------------+----------------- CD 34457 1408 63 { { -LRB- 34457 1408 64 101 101 CD 34457 1408 65 } } -RRB- 34457 1408 66 These these DT 34457 1408 67 numbers number NNS 34457 1408 68 and and CC 34457 1408 69 Fig fig NN 34457 1408 70 . . . 34457 1409 1 23 23 CD 34457 1409 2 show show VBP 34457 1409 3 clearly clearly RB 34457 1409 4 the the DT 34457 1409 5 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 1409 6 of of IN 34457 1409 7 a a DT 34457 1409 8 minimum minimum NN 34457 1409 9 in in IN 34457 1409 10 the the DT 34457 1409 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 1409 12 of of IN 34457 1409 13 the the DT 34457 1409 14 ketone ketone NN 34457 1409 15 in in IN 34457 1409 16 water water NN 34457 1409 17 , , , 34457 1409 18 and and CC 34457 1409 19 also also RB 34457 1409 20 a a DT 34457 1409 21 minimum minimum NN 34457 1409 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1409 23 at at IN 34457 1409 24 about about IN 34457 1409 25 10 10 NNP 34457 1409 26 ° ° NNS 34457 1409 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1409 28 in in IN 34457 1409 29 the the DT 34457 1409 30 solubility solubility NN 34457 1409 31 of of IN 34457 1409 32 water water NN 34457 1409 33 in in IN 34457 1409 34 methylethylketone methylethylketone NN 34457 1409 35 . . . 34457 1410 1 Minima Minima NNP 34457 1410 2 of of IN 34457 1410 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 1410 4 have have VBP 34457 1410 5 also also RB 34457 1410 6 been be VBN 34457 1410 7 found find VBN 34457 1410 8 in in IN 34457 1410 9 other other JJ 34457 1410 10 cases case NNS 34457 1410 11 . . . 34457 1411 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1411 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1411 3 : : : 34457 1411 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1411 5 . . . 34457 1412 1 24 24 CD 34457 1412 2 . . . 34457 1412 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1413 1 Triethylamine Triethylamine NNP 34457 1413 2 and and CC 34457 1413 3 Water.--Although Water.--Although -LRB- 34457 1413 4 in in IN 34457 1413 5 most most JJS 34457 1413 6 of of IN 34457 1413 7 the the DT 34457 1413 8 cases case NNS 34457 1413 9 studied study VBD 34457 1413 10 the the DT 34457 1413 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 1413 12 of of IN 34457 1413 13 one one CD 34457 1413 14 liquid liquid NN 34457 1413 15 in in IN 34457 1413 16 another another DT 34457 1413 17 increases increase NNS 34457 1413 18 with with IN 34457 1413 19 rise rise NN 34457 1413 20 of of IN 34457 1413 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1413 22 , , , 34457 1413 23 this this DT 34457 1413 24 is be VBZ 34457 1413 25 not not RB 34457 1413 26 so so RB 34457 1413 27 in in IN 34457 1413 28 all all DT 34457 1413 29 cases case NNS 34457 1413 30 . . . 34457 1414 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1414 2 , , , 34457 1414 3 at at IN 34457 1414 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1414 5 below below IN 34457 1414 6 18 18 NNP 34457 1414 7 ° ° NNS 34457 1414 8 , , , 34457 1414 9 triethylamine triethylamine NN 34457 1414 10 and and CC 34457 1414 11 water water NN 34457 1414 12 mix mix VB 34457 1414 13 together together RB 34457 1414 14 in in IN 34457 1414 15 all all DT 34457 1414 16 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1414 17 ; ; : 34457 1414 18 but but CC 34457 1414 19 , , , 34457 1414 20 on on IN 34457 1414 21 raising raise VBG 34457 1414 22 the the DT 34457 1414 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1414 24 , , , 34457 1414 25 the the DT 34457 1414 26 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1414 27 solution solution NN 34457 1414 28 becomes become VBZ 34457 1414 29 turbid turbid NN 34457 1414 30 and and CC 34457 1414 31 separates separate NNS 34457 1414 32 into into IN 34457 1414 33 two two CD 34457 1414 34 layers layer NNS 34457 1414 35 . . . 34457 1415 1 In in IN 34457 1415 2 this this DT 34457 1415 3 case case NN 34457 1415 4 , , , 34457 1415 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1415 6 , , , 34457 1415 7 the the DT 34457 1415 8 critical critical JJ 34457 1415 9 solution solution NN 34457 1415 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1415 11 is be VBZ 34457 1415 12 found find VBN 34457 1415 13 in in IN 34457 1415 14 the the DT 34457 1415 15 direction direction NN 34457 1415 16 of of IN 34457 1415 17 lower low JJR 34457 1415 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1415 19 , , , 34457 1415 20 not not RB 34457 1415 21 in in IN 34457 1415 22 the the DT 34457 1415 23 direction direction NN 34457 1415 24 of of IN 34457 1415 25 higher high JJR 34457 1415 26 . . . 34457 1416 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1416 2 172 172 CD 34457 1416 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1416 4 This this DT 34457 1416 5 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1416 6 is be VBZ 34457 1416 7 clearly clearly RB 34457 1416 8 shown show VBN 34457 1416 9 by by IN 34457 1416 10 the the DT 34457 1416 11 graphic graphic JJ 34457 1416 12 representation representation NN 34457 1416 13 in in IN 34457 1416 14 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1416 15 . . . 34457 1417 1 24 24 CD 34457 1417 2 , , , 34457 1417 3 and and CC 34457 1417 4 also also RB 34457 1417 5 by by IN 34457 1417 6 the the DT 34457 1417 7 numbers number NNS 34457 1417 8 in in IN 34457 1417 9 the the DT 34457 1417 10 following follow VBG 34457 1417 11 table:-- table:-- '' 34457 1417 12 TRIETHYLAMINE TRIETHYLAMINE NNP 34457 1417 13 AND and CC 34457 1417 14 WATER WATER NNP 34457 1417 15 . . . 34457 1418 1 -------------+-----------------+---------------- -------------+-----------------+---------------- NFP 34457 1418 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1418 3 . . . 34457 1419 1 | | NNP 34457 1419 2 C_{1 C_{1 NNP 34457 1419 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1419 4 per per IN 34457 1419 5 cent cent NN 34457 1419 6 . . . 34457 1420 1 | | NNP 34457 1420 2 C_{2 C_{2 NNP 34457 1420 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1420 4 per per IN 34457 1420 5 cent cent NN 34457 1420 6 . . . 34457 1421 1 -------------+-----------------+---------------- -------------+-----------------+---------------- NFP 34457 1421 2 70 70â CD 34457 1421 3 ° ° , 34457 1421 4 | | CD 34457 1421 5 1.6 1.6 CD 34457 1421 6 | | CD 34457 1421 7 -- -- : 34457 1421 8 50 50 NNP 34457 1421 9 ° ° , 34457 1421 10 | | CD 34457 1421 11 2.9 2.9 CD 34457 1421 12 | | CD 34457 1421 13 -- -- : 34457 1421 14 30 30â CD 34457 1421 15 ° ° , 34457 1421 16 | | NNP 34457 1421 17 5.6 5.6 CD 34457 1421 18 | | CD 34457 1421 19 96 96 CD 34457 1421 20 25 25â CD 34457 1421 21 ° ° , 34457 1421 22 | | CD 34457 1421 23 7.3 7.3 CD 34457 1421 24 | | CD 34457 1421 25 95.5 95.5 CD 34457 1421 26 20 20â CD 34457 1421 27 ° ° , 34457 1421 28 | | NNP 34457 1421 29 15.5 15.5 CD 34457 1421 30 | | CD 34457 1421 31 73 73 CD 34457 1421 32 ±18.5 ±18.5 NNP 34457 1421 33 ° ° , 34457 1421 34 | | NNP 34457 1421 35 ±30 â±30 CD 34457 1421 36 | | NNP 34457 1421 37 ±30 â±30 CD 34457 1421 38 -------------+-----------------+---------------- -------------+-----------------+---------------- NFP 34457 1421 39 General General NNP 34457 1421 40 Form Form NNP 34457 1421 41 of of IN 34457 1421 42 Concentration Concentration NNP 34457 1421 43 - - HYPH 34457 1421 44 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1421 45 Curve.--From curve.--from IN 34457 1421 46 the the DT 34457 1421 47 preceding precede VBG 34457 1421 48 figures figure NNS 34457 1421 49 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1421 50 will will MD 34457 1421 51 be be VB 34457 1421 52 seen see VBN 34457 1421 53 that that IN 34457 1421 54 the the DT 34457 1421 55 general general JJ 34457 1421 56 { { -LRB- 34457 1421 57 102 102 CD 34457 1421 58 } } -RRB- 34457 1421 59 form form NN 34457 1421 60 of of IN 34457 1421 61 the the DT 34457 1421 62 solubility solubility NN 34457 1421 63 curve curve NN 34457 1421 64 is be VBZ 34457 1421 65 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 1421 66 parabolic parabolic JJ 34457 1421 67 in in IN 34457 1421 68 shape shape NN 34457 1421 69 ; ; , 34457 1421 70 in in IN 34457 1421 71 the the DT 34457 1421 72 case case NN 34457 1421 73 of of IN 34457 1421 74 triethylamine triethylamine NN 34457 1421 75 and and CC 34457 1421 76 water water NN 34457 1421 77 , , , 34457 1421 78 the the DT 34457 1421 79 closed closed JJ 34457 1421 80 end end NN 34457 1421 81 of of IN 34457 1421 82 the the DT 34457 1421 83 curve curve NN 34457 1421 84 is be VBZ 34457 1421 85 very very RB 34457 1421 86 flat flat JJ 34457 1421 87 . . . 34457 1422 1 Since since IN 34457 1422 2 for for IN 34457 1422 3 all all DT 34457 1422 4 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1422 5 there there EX 34457 1422 6 is be VBZ 34457 1422 7 a a DT 34457 1422 8 point point NN 34457 1422 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1422 10 critical critical JJ 34457 1422 11 point point NN 34457 1422 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1422 13 at at IN 34457 1422 14 which which WDT 34457 1422 15 the the DT 34457 1422 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1422 17 and and CC 34457 1422 18 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 1422 19 states state NNS 34457 1422 20 become become VBP 34457 1422 21 identical identical JJ 34457 1422 22 , , , 34457 1422 23 and and CC 34457 1422 24 since since IN 34457 1422 25 all all DT 34457 1422 26 gases gas NNS 34457 1422 27 are be VBP 34457 1422 28 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1422 29 in in IN 34457 1422 30 all all DT 34457 1422 31 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1422 32 , , , 34457 1422 33 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1422 34 follows follow VBZ 34457 1422 35 that that IN 34457 1422 36 there there EX 34457 1422 37 must must MD 34457 1422 38 be be VB 34457 1422 39 some some DT 34457 1422 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 1422 41 at at IN 34457 1422 42 which which WDT 34457 1422 43 the the DT 34457 1422 44 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1422 45 become become VBP 34457 1422 46 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 1422 47 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1422 48 . . . 34457 1423 1 In in IN 34457 1423 2 the the DT 34457 1423 3 case case NN 34457 1423 4 of of IN 34457 1423 5 triethylamine triethylamine NN 34457 1423 6 and and CC 34457 1423 7 water water NN 34457 1423 8 , , , 34457 1423 9 which which WDT 34457 1423 10 has have VBZ 34457 1423 11 just just RB 34457 1423 12 been be VBN 34457 1423 13 considered consider VBN 34457 1423 14 , , , 34457 1423 15 there there EX 34457 1423 16 must must MD 34457 1423 17 therefore therefore RB 34457 1423 18 be be VB 34457 1423 19 an an DT 34457 1423 20 upper upper JJ 34457 1423 21 critical critical JJ 34457 1423 22 solution solution NN 34457 1423 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1423 24 , , , 34457 1423 25 so so IN 34457 1423 26 that that IN 34457 1423 27 the the DT 34457 1423 28 complete complete JJ 34457 1423 29 solubility solubility NN 34457 1423 30 relations relation NNS 34457 1423 31 would would MD 34457 1423 32 be be VB 34457 1423 33 represented represent VBN 34457 1423 34 by by IN 34457 1423 35 a a DT 34457 1423 36 closed close VBN 34457 1423 37 curve curve NN 34457 1423 38 of of IN 34457 1423 39 an an DT 34457 1423 40 ellipsoidal ellipsoidal JJ 34457 1423 41 aspect aspect NN 34457 1423 42 . . . 34457 1424 1 An an DT 34457 1424 2 example example NN 34457 1424 3 of of IN 34457 1424 4 such such PDT 34457 1424 5 a a DT 34457 1424 6 curve curve NN 34457 1424 7 is be VBZ 34457 1424 8 furnished furnish VBN 34457 1424 9 by by IN 34457 1424 10 nicotine nicotine NN 34457 1424 11 and and CC 34457 1424 12 water water NN 34457 1424 13 . . . 34457 1425 1 At at IN 34457 1425 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1425 3 below below IN 34457 1425 4 60 60â CD 34457 1425 5 ° ° NNS 34457 1425 6 and and CC 34457 1425 7 above above IN 34457 1425 8 210 210â CD 34457 1425 9 ° ° NNS 34457 1425 10 , , , 34457 1425 11 nicotine nicotine NN 34457 1425 12 and and CC 34457 1425 13 water water NN 34457 1425 14 mix mix NN 34457 1425 15 in in IN 34457 1425 16 all all DT 34457 1425 17 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1425 18 . . . 34457 1426 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1426 2 173 173 CD 34457 1426 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1426 4 Although although IN 34457 1426 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1426 6 is be VBZ 34457 1426 7 possible possible JJ 34457 1426 8 that that IN 34457 1426 9 this this DT 34457 1426 10 is be VBZ 34457 1426 11 the the DT 34457 1426 12 general general JJ 34457 1426 13 form form NN 34457 1426 14 of of IN 34457 1426 15 the the DT 34457 1426 16 curve curve NN 34457 1426 17 for for IN 34457 1426 18 all all DT 34457 1426 19 pairs pair NNS 34457 1426 20 of of IN 34457 1426 21 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1426 22 , , , 34457 1426 23 there there EX 34457 1426 24 are be VBP 34457 1426 25 as as RB 34457 1426 26 yet yet RB 34457 1426 27 insufficient insufficient JJ 34457 1426 28 data datum NNS 34457 1426 29 to to TO 34457 1426 30 prove prove VB 34457 1426 31 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1426 32 . . . 34457 1427 1 With with IN 34457 1427 2 regard regard NN 34457 1427 3 to to IN 34457 1427 4 the the DT 34457 1427 5 closed closed JJ 34457 1427 6 end end NN 34457 1427 7 of of IN 34457 1427 8 the the DT 34457 1427 9 curve curve NN 34457 1427 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1427 11 may may MD 34457 1427 12 be be VB 34457 1427 13 said say VBN 34457 1427 14 that that IN 34457 1427 15 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1427 16 is be VBZ 34457 1427 17 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1427 18 ; ; : 34457 1427 19 the the DT 34457 1427 20 critical critical JJ 34457 1427 21 solution solution NN 34457 1427 22 point point NN 34457 1427 23 is be VBZ 34457 1427 24 not not RB 34457 1427 25 the the DT 34457 1427 26 intersection intersection NN 34457 1427 27 of of IN 34457 1427 28 two two CD 34457 1427 29 curves curve NNS 34457 1427 30 , , , 34457 1427 31 for for IN 34457 1427 32 such such PDT 34457 1427 33 a a DT 34457 1427 34 break break NN 34457 1427 35 in in IN 34457 1427 36 the the DT 34457 1427 37 continuity continuity NN 34457 1427 38 of of IN 34457 1427 39 the the DT 34457 1427 40 curve curve NN 34457 1427 41 could could MD 34457 1427 42 occur occur VB 34457 1427 43 only only RB 34457 1427 44 if if IN 34457 1427 45 there there EX 34457 1427 46 were be VBD 34457 1427 47 some some DT 34457 1427 48 discontinuity discontinuity NN 34457 1427 49 in in IN 34457 1427 50 one one CD 34457 1427 51 of of IN 34457 1427 52 the the DT 34457 1427 53 phases phase NNS 34457 1427 54 . . . 34457 1428 1 No no DT 34457 1428 2 such such JJ 34457 1428 3 discontinuity discontinuity NN 34457 1428 4 exists exist VBZ 34457 1428 5 . . . 34457 1429 1 The the DT 34457 1429 2 curve curve NN 34457 1429 3 is be VBZ 34457 1429 4 , , , 34457 1429 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1429 6 , , , 34457 1429 7 not not RB 34457 1429 8 to to TO 34457 1429 9 be be VB 34457 1429 10 considered consider VBN 34457 1429 11 as as IN 34457 1429 12 two two CD 34457 1429 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 1429 14 curves curve NNS 34457 1429 15 cutting cut VBG 34457 1429 16 at at IN 34457 1429 17 a a DT 34457 1429 18 point point NN 34457 1429 19 ; ; : 34457 1429 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1429 21 is be VBZ 34457 1429 22 a a DT 34457 1429 23 curve curve NN 34457 1429 24 of of IN 34457 1429 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1429 26 between between IN 34457 1429 27 two two CD 34457 1429 28 components component NNS 34457 1429 29 , , , 34457 1429 30 and and CC 34457 1429 31 so so RB 34457 1429 32 long long RB 34457 1429 33 as as IN 34457 1429 34 the the DT 34457 1429 35 phases phase NNS 34457 1429 36 undergo undergo VBP 34457 1429 37 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1429 38 change change NN 34457 1429 39 , , , 34457 1429 40 the the DT 34457 1429 41 curve curve NN 34457 1429 42 representing represent VBG 34457 1429 43 the the DT 34457 1429 44 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1429 45 must must MD 34457 1429 46 also also RB 34457 1429 47 be be VB 34457 1429 48 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1429 49 . . . 34457 1430 1 As as IN 34457 1430 2 has have VBZ 34457 1430 3 already already RB 34457 1430 4 been be VBN 34457 1430 5 emphasized emphasize VBN 34457 1430 6 , , , 34457 1430 7 a a DT 34457 1430 8 distinction distinction NN 34457 1430 9 between between IN 34457 1430 10 solvent solvent NN 34457 1430 11 and and CC 34457 1430 12 solute solute NN 34457 1430 13 is be VBZ 34457 1430 14 merely merely RB 34457 1430 15 conventional conventional JJ 34457 1430 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1430 17 p. p. NN 34457 1430 18 93 93 CD 34457 1430 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1430 20 . . . 34457 1431 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1431 2 - - HYPH 34457 1431 3 Concentration concentration NN 34457 1431 4 Diagram.--In Diagram.--In NNS 34457 1431 5 considering consider VBG 34457 1431 6 the the DT 34457 1431 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1431 8 - - HYPH 34457 1431 9 concentration concentration NN 34457 1431 10 diagram diagram NN 34457 1431 11 of of IN 34457 1431 12 a a DT 34457 1431 13 system system NN 34457 1431 14 of of IN 34457 1431 15 two two CD 34457 1431 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1431 17 components component NNS 34457 1431 18 , , , 34457 1431 19 a a DT 34457 1431 20 distinction distinction NN 34457 1431 21 must must MD 34457 1431 22 be be VB 34457 1431 23 drawn draw VBN 34457 1431 24 between between IN 34457 1431 25 the the DT 34457 1431 26 total total JJ 34457 1431 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 1431 28 of of IN 34457 1431 29 the the DT 34457 1431 30 system system NN 34457 1431 31 and and CC 34457 1431 32 the the DT 34457 1431 33 partial partial JJ 34457 1431 34 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1431 35 of of IN 34457 1431 36 the the DT 34457 1431 37 components component NNS 34457 1431 38 . . . 34457 1432 1 On on IN 34457 1432 2 studying study VBG 34457 1432 3 the the DT 34457 1432 4 total total JJ 34457 1432 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 1432 6 of of IN 34457 1432 7 a a DT 34457 1432 8 system system NN 34457 1432 9 , , , 34457 1432 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1432 11 is be VBZ 34457 1432 12 found find VBN 34457 1432 13 that that IN 34457 1432 14 two two CD 34457 1432 15 cases case NNS 34457 1432 16 can can MD 34457 1432 17 be be VB 34457 1432 18 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1432 19 . . . 34457 1433 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1433 2 174 174 CD 34457 1433 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1433 4 So so RB 34457 1433 5 long long RB 34457 1433 6 as as IN 34457 1433 7 there there EX 34457 1433 8 is be VBZ 34457 1433 9 only only RB 34457 1433 10 one one CD 34457 1433 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1433 12 phase phase NN 34457 1433 13 , , , 34457 1433 14 the the DT 34457 1433 15 system system NN 34457 1433 16 is be VBZ 34457 1433 17 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 1433 18 . . . 34457 1434 1 The the DT 34457 1434 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 1434 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1434 4 can can MD 34457 1434 5 change change VB 34457 1434 6 with with IN 34457 1434 7 the the DT 34457 1434 8 concentration concentration NN 34457 1434 9 and and CC 34457 1434 10 the the DT 34457 1434 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1434 12 . . . 34457 1435 1 If if IN 34457 1435 2 the the DT 34457 1435 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1435 4 is be VBZ 34457 1435 5 maintained maintain VBN 34457 1435 6 { { -LRB- 34457 1435 7 103 103 CD 34457 1435 8 } } -RRB- 34457 1435 9 constant constant JJ 34457 1435 10 , , , 34457 1435 11 the the DT 34457 1435 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1435 13 will will MD 34457 1435 14 vary vary VB 34457 1435 15 only only RB 34457 1435 16 with with IN 34457 1435 17 the the DT 34457 1435 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 1435 19 , , , 34457 1435 20 and and CC 34457 1435 21 this this DT 34457 1435 22 variation variation NN 34457 1435 23 can can MD 34457 1435 24 therefore therefore RB 34457 1435 25 be be VB 34457 1435 26 represented represent VBN 34457 1435 27 by by IN 34457 1435 28 a a DT 34457 1435 29 curve curve NN 34457 1435 30 . . . 34457 1436 1 If if IN 34457 1436 2 , , , 34457 1436 3 however however RB 34457 1436 4 , , , 34457 1436 5 two two CD 34457 1436 6 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1436 7 phases phase NNS 34457 1436 8 are be VBP 34457 1436 9 formed form VBN 34457 1436 10 , , , 34457 1436 11 the the DT 34457 1436 12 system system NN 34457 1436 13 becomes become VBZ 34457 1436 14 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1436 15 : : : 34457 1436 16 and and CC 34457 1436 17 if if IN 34457 1436 18 one one CD 34457 1436 19 of of IN 34457 1436 20 the the DT 34457 1436 21 variables variable NNS 34457 1436 22 , , , 34457 1436 23 say say VBP 34457 1436 24 the the DT 34457 1436 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 1436 26 , , , 34457 1436 27 is be VBZ 34457 1436 28 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 1436 29 fixed fix VBN 34457 1436 30 , , , 34457 1436 31 the the DT 34457 1436 32 system system NN 34457 1436 33 no no RB 34457 1436 34 longer long RBR 34457 1436 35 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1436 36 any any DT 34457 1436 37 degree degree NN 34457 1436 38 of of IN 34457 1436 39 freedom freedom NN 34457 1436 40 . . . 34457 1437 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1437 2 When when WRB 34457 1437 3 two two CD 34457 1437 4 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1437 5 phases phase NNS 34457 1437 6 are be VBP 34457 1437 7 formed form VBN 34457 1437 8 , , , 34457 1437 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 1437 10 , , , 34457 1437 11 the the DT 34457 1437 12 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 1437 13 and and CC 34457 1437 14 the the DT 34457 1437 15 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1437 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1437 17 have have VBP 34457 1437 18 definite definite JJ 34457 1437 19 values value NNS 34457 1437 20 , , , 34457 1437 21 which which WDT 34457 1437 22 are be VBP 34457 1437 23 maintained maintain VBN 34457 1437 24 so so RB 34457 1437 25 long long RB 34457 1437 26 as as IN 34457 1437 27 the the DT 34457 1437 28 two two CD 34457 1437 29 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1437 30 phases phase NNS 34457 1437 31 are be VBP 34457 1437 32 present present JJ 34457 1437 33 _ _ NNP 34457 1437 34 ; ; : 34457 1437 35 the the DT 34457 1437 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 1437 37 being be VBG 34457 1437 38 supposed suppose VBN 34457 1437 39 constant constant JJ 34457 1437 40 . . . 34457 1438 1 In in IN 34457 1438 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1438 3 . . . 34457 1439 1 25 25 CD 34457 1439 2 is be VBZ 34457 1439 3 given give VBN 34457 1439 4 a a DT 34457 1439 5 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 34457 1439 6 representation representation NN 34457 1439 7 of of IN 34457 1439 8 the the DT 34457 1439 9 two two CD 34457 1439 10 kinds kind NNS 34457 1439 11 of of IN 34457 1439 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1439 13 - - HYPH 34457 1439 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 1439 15 curves curve NNS 34457 1439 16 which which WDT 34457 1439 17 have have VBP 34457 1439 18 so so RB 34457 1439 19 far far RB 34457 1439 20 been be VBN 34457 1439 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1439 22 . . . 34457 1440 1 In in IN 34457 1440 2 the the DT 34457 1440 3 one one CD 34457 1440 4 case case NN 34457 1440 5 , , , 34457 1440 6 the the DT 34457 1440 7 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1440 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1440 9 of of IN 34457 1440 10 the the DT 34457 1440 11 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1440 12 system system NN 34457 1440 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1440 14 at at IN 34457 1440 15 constant constant JJ 34457 1440 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1440 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1440 18 lies lie VBZ 34457 1440 19 higher high JJR 34457 1440 20 than than IN 34457 1440 21 the the DT 34457 1440 22 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1440 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 1440 24 of of IN 34457 1440 25 either either DT 34457 1440 26 of of IN 34457 1440 27 the the DT 34457 1440 28 pure pure JJ 34457 1440 29 components component NNS 34457 1440 30 ; ; : 34457 1440 31 a a DT 34457 1440 32 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 1440 33 which which WDT 34457 1440 34 is be VBZ 34457 1440 35 very very RB 34457 1440 36 generally generally RB 34457 1440 37 found find VBN 34457 1440 38 in in IN 34457 1440 39 the the DT 34457 1440 40 case case NN 34457 1440 41 of of IN 34457 1440 42 partially partially RB 34457 1440 43 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1440 44 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1440 45 , , , 34457 1440 46 _ _ NNP 34457 1440 47 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1440 48 _ _ NNP 34457 1440 49 ether ether NN 34457 1440 50 and and CC 34457 1440 51 water water NN 34457 1440 52 . . . 34457 1441 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1441 2 175 175 CD 34457 1441 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1441 4 Accordingly accordingly RB 34457 1441 5 , , , 34457 1441 6 by by IN 34457 1441 7 the the DT 34457 1441 8 addition addition NN 34457 1441 9 of of IN 34457 1441 10 water water NN 34457 1441 11 to to IN 34457 1441 12 ether ether VB 34457 1441 13 , , , 34457 1441 14 or or CC 34457 1441 15 of of IN 34457 1441 16 ether ether NN 34457 1441 17 to to IN 34457 1441 18 water water NN 34457 1441 19 , , , 34457 1441 20 there there EX 34457 1441 21 is be VBZ 34457 1441 22 an an DT 34457 1441 23 increase increase NN 34457 1441 24 in in IN 34457 1441 25 the the DT 34457 1441 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1441 27 total total NN 34457 1441 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1441 29 vapour vapour NN 34457 1441 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 1441 31 of of IN 34457 1441 32 the the DT 34457 1441 33 system system NN 34457 1441 34 . . . 34457 1442 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1442 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1442 3 : : : 34457 1442 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1442 5 . . . 34457 1443 1 25 25 CD 34457 1443 2 . . . 34457 1443 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1444 1 With with IN 34457 1444 2 regard regard NN 34457 1444 3 to to IN 34457 1444 4 the the DT 34457 1444 5 second second JJ 34457 1444 6 type type NN 34457 1444 7 , , , 34457 1444 8 the the DT 34457 1444 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1444 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1444 11 of of IN 34457 1444 12 the the DT 34457 1444 13 systems system NNS 34457 1444 14 with with IN 34457 1444 15 two two CD 34457 1444 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1444 17 phases phase NNS 34457 1444 18 lies lie NNS 34457 1444 19 between between IN 34457 1444 20 that that DT 34457 1444 21 of of IN 34457 1444 22 the the DT 34457 1444 23 two two CD 34457 1444 24 single single JJ 34457 1444 25 components component NNS 34457 1444 26 . . . 34457 1445 1 An an DT 34457 1445 2 example example NN 34457 1445 3 of of IN 34457 1445 4 this this DT 34457 1445 5 is be VBZ 34457 1445 6 found find VBN 34457 1445 7 in in IN 34457 1445 8 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1445 9 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 1445 10 and and CC 34457 1445 11 water water NN 34457 1445 12 . . . 34457 1446 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1446 2 176 176 CD 34457 1446 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1446 4 On on IN 34457 1446 5 adding add VBG 34457 1446 6 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 1446 7 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 1446 8 to to IN 34457 1446 9 water water NN 34457 1446 10 there there EX 34457 1446 11 is be VBZ 34457 1446 12 an an DT 34457 1446 13 increase increase NN 34457 1446 14 of of IN 34457 1446 15 the the DT 34457 1446 16 total total JJ 34457 1446 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1446 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 1446 19 ; ; : 34457 1446 20 but but CC 34457 1446 21 on on IN 34457 1446 22 adding add VBG 34457 1446 23 water water NN 34457 1446 24 to to IN 34457 1446 25 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1446 26 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 1446 27 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 1446 28 , , , 34457 1446 29 the the DT 34457 1446 30 total total JJ 34457 1446 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 1446 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 1446 33 is be VBZ 34457 1446 34 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1446 35 . . . 34457 1447 1 The the DT 34457 1447 2 case case NN 34457 1447 3 that that IN 34457 1447 4 the the DT 34457 1447 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1447 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 1447 7 of of IN 34457 1447 8 the the DT 34457 1447 9 system system NN 34457 1447 10 with with IN 34457 1447 11 two two CD 34457 1447 12 { { -LRB- 34457 1447 13 104 104 CD 34457 1447 14 } } -RRB- 34457 1447 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1447 16 phases phase NNS 34457 1447 17 is be VBZ 34457 1447 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1447 19 less less RBR 34457 1447 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1447 21 than than IN 34457 1447 22 that that DT 34457 1447 23 of of IN 34457 1447 24 each each DT 34457 1447 25 of of IN 34457 1447 26 the the DT 34457 1447 27 components component NNS 34457 1447 28 is be VBZ 34457 1447 29 not not RB 34457 1447 30 possible possible JJ 34457 1447 31 . . . 34457 1448 1 With with IN 34457 1448 2 regard regard NN 34457 1448 3 to to IN 34457 1448 4 the the DT 34457 1448 5 _ _ NNP 34457 1448 6 partial partial JJ 34457 1448 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1448 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1448 9 of of IN 34457 1448 10 the the DT 34457 1448 11 components component NNS 34457 1448 12 , , , 34457 1448 13 the the DT 34457 1448 14 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1448 15 is be VBZ 34457 1448 16 more more RBR 34457 1448 17 uniform uniform JJ 34457 1448 18 . . . 34457 1449 1 The the DT 34457 1449 2 partial partial JJ 34457 1449 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 1449 4 of of IN 34457 1449 5 one one CD 34457 1449 6 component component NN 34457 1449 7 is be VBZ 34457 1449 8 in in IN 34457 1449 9 all all DT 34457 1449 10 cases case NNS 34457 1449 11 lowered lower VBN 34457 1449 12 by by IN 34457 1449 13 the the DT 34457 1449 14 addition addition NN 34457 1449 15 of of IN 34457 1449 16 the the DT 34457 1449 17 other other JJ 34457 1449 18 component component NN 34457 1449 19 , , , 34457 1449 20 the the DT 34457 1449 21 diminution diminution NN 34457 1449 22 being be VBG 34457 1449 23 approximately approximately RB 34457 1449 24 proportional proportional JJ 34457 1449 25 to to IN 34457 1449 26 the the DT 34457 1449 27 amount amount NN 34457 1449 28 added add VBN 34457 1449 29 . . . 34457 1450 1 If if IN 34457 1450 2 two two CD 34457 1450 3 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1450 4 phases phase NNS 34457 1450 5 are be VBP 34457 1450 6 present present JJ 34457 1450 7 , , , 34457 1450 8 the the DT 34457 1450 9 partial partial JJ 34457 1450 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1450 11 of of IN 34457 1450 12 the the DT 34457 1450 13 components component NNS 34457 1450 14 , , , 34457 1450 15 as as RB 34457 1450 16 well well RB 34457 1450 17 as as IN 34457 1450 18 the the DT 34457 1450 19 total total JJ 34457 1450 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1450 21 , , , 34457 1450 22 is be VBZ 34457 1450 23 constant constant JJ 34457 1450 24 , , , 34457 1450 25 and and CC 34457 1450 26 is be VBZ 34457 1450 27 the the DT 34457 1450 28 same same JJ 34457 1450 29 for for IN 34457 1450 30 both both DT 34457 1450 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1450 32 . . . 34457 1451 1 That that DT 34457 1451 2 is be VBZ 34457 1451 3 to to TO 34457 1451 4 say say VB 34457 1451 5 , , , 34457 1451 6 in in IN 34457 1451 7 the the DT 34457 1451 8 case case NN 34457 1451 9 of of IN 34457 1451 10 the the DT 34457 1451 11 two two CD 34457 1451 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1451 13 , , , 34457 1451 14 saturated saturate VBD 34457 1451 15 solution solution NN 34457 1451 16 of of IN 34457 1451 17 water water NN 34457 1451 18 in in IN 34457 1451 19 ether ether NN 34457 1451 20 , , , 34457 1451 21 and and CC 34457 1451 22 of of IN 34457 1451 23 ether ether NN 34457 1451 24 in in IN 34457 1451 25 water water NN 34457 1451 26 , , , 34457 1451 27 the the DT 34457 1451 28 partial partial JJ 34457 1451 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 1451 30 of of IN 34457 1451 31 the the DT 34457 1451 32 ether ether NN 34457 1451 33 in in IN 34457 1451 34 the the DT 34457 1451 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 1451 36 in in IN 34457 1451 37 contact contact NN 34457 1451 38 with with IN 34457 1451 39 the the DT 34457 1451 40 one one CD 34457 1451 41 solution solution NN 34457 1451 42 is be VBZ 34457 1451 43 the the DT 34457 1451 44 same same JJ 34457 1451 45 as as IN 34457 1451 46 that that DT 34457 1451 47 in in IN 34457 1451 48 the the DT 34457 1451 49 vapour vapour NN 34457 1451 50 over over IN 34457 1451 51 the the DT 34457 1451 52 other other JJ 34457 1451 53 solution solution NN 34457 1451 54 . . . 34457 1452 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1452 2 177 177 CD 34457 1452 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1452 4 Complete complete VB 34457 1452 5 Miscibility.--Although Miscibility.--Although NNP 34457 1452 6 the the DT 34457 1452 7 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 1452 8 of of IN 34457 1452 9 complete complete JJ 34457 1452 10 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1452 11 are be VBP 34457 1452 12 here here RB 34457 1452 13 treated treat VBN 34457 1452 14 under under IN 34457 1452 15 a a DT 34457 1452 16 separate separate JJ 34457 1452 17 heading heading NN 34457 1452 18 , , , 34457 1452 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1452 20 must must MD 34457 1452 21 not not RB 34457 1452 22 be be VB 34457 1452 23 thought think VBN 34457 1452 24 that that IN 34457 1452 25 there there EX 34457 1452 26 is be VBZ 34457 1452 27 any any DT 34457 1452 28 essential essential JJ 34457 1452 29 difference difference NN 34457 1452 30 between between IN 34457 1452 31 those those DT 34457 1452 32 cases case NNS 34457 1452 33 where where WRB 34457 1452 34 the the DT 34457 1452 35 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1452 36 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 1452 37 limited limited JJ 34457 1452 38 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1452 39 and and CC 34457 1452 40 those those DT 34457 1452 41 in in IN 34457 1452 42 which which WDT 34457 1452 43 only only RB 34457 1452 44 one one CD 34457 1452 45 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1452 46 solution solution NN 34457 1452 47 is be VBZ 34457 1452 48 formed form VBN 34457 1452 49 . . . 34457 1453 1 As as IN 34457 1453 2 has have VBZ 34457 1453 3 been be VBN 34457 1453 4 already already RB 34457 1453 5 pointed point VBN 34457 1453 6 out out RP 34457 1453 7 , , , 34457 1453 8 the the DT 34457 1453 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 1453 10 relations relation NNS 34457 1453 11 alter alter NN 34457 1453 12 with with IN 34457 1453 13 the the DT 34457 1453 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 1453 15 ; ; , 34457 1453 16 and and CC 34457 1453 17 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1453 18 which which WDT 34457 1453 19 at at IN 34457 1453 20 one one CD 34457 1453 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1453 22 can can MD 34457 1453 23 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1453 24 in in IN 34457 1453 25 one one NN 34457 1453 26 another another DT 34457 1453 27 only only RB 34457 1453 28 to to IN 34457 1453 29 a a DT 34457 1453 30 limited limited JJ 34457 1453 31 extent extent NN 34457 1453 32 , , , 34457 1453 33 are be VBP 34457 1453 34 found find VBN 34457 1453 35 at at IN 34457 1453 36 some some DT 34457 1453 37 other other JJ 34457 1453 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 1453 39 to to TO 34457 1453 40 possess possess VB 34457 1453 41 the the DT 34457 1453 42 property property NN 34457 1453 43 of of IN 34457 1453 44 complete complete JJ 34457 1453 45 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1453 46 . . . 34457 1454 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1454 2 , , , 34457 1454 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1454 4 may may MD 34457 1454 5 expect expect VB 34457 1454 6 that that IN 34457 1454 7 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1454 8 which which WDT 34457 1454 9 at at IN 34457 1454 10 one one CD 34457 1454 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1454 12 , , , 34457 1454 13 say say VB 34457 1454 14 at at IN 34457 1454 15 the the DT 34457 1454 16 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1454 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 1454 18 , , , 34457 1454 19 are be VBP 34457 1454 20 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1454 21 in in IN 34457 1454 22 all all DT 34457 1454 23 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1454 24 , , , 34457 1454 25 will will MD 34457 1454 26 be be VB 34457 1454 27 found find VBN 34457 1454 28 at at IN 34457 1454 29 some some DT 34457 1454 30 other other JJ 34457 1454 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 1454 32 to to TO 34457 1454 33 be be VB 34457 1454 34 only only RB 34457 1454 35 partially partially RB 34457 1454 36 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1454 37 . . . 34457 1455 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1455 2 , , , 34457 1455 3 for for IN 34457 1455 4 example example NN 34457 1455 5 , , , 34457 1455 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1455 7 was be VBD 34457 1455 8 found find VBN 34457 1455 9 by by IN 34457 1455 10 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 1455 11 that that IN 34457 1455 12 ethyl ethyl NNP 34457 1455 13 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 1455 14 and and CC 34457 1455 15 carbon carbon NN 34457 1455 16 disulphide disulphide NN 34457 1455 17 , , , 34457 1455 18 which which WDT 34457 1455 19 are be VBP 34457 1455 20 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1455 21 in in IN 34457 1455 22 all all DT 34457 1455 23 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1455 24 at at IN 34457 1455 25 the the DT 34457 1455 26 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1455 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 1455 28 , , , 34457 1455 29 possess possess VB 34457 1455 30 only only RB 34457 1455 31 limited limited JJ 34457 1455 32 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1455 33 at at IN 34457 1455 34 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1455 35 below below IN 34457 1455 36 -14.4 -14.4 NNPS 34457 1455 37 ° ° NNS 34457 1455 38 . . . 34457 1456 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1456 2 178 178 CD 34457 1456 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1456 4 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1456 5 , , , 34457 1456 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1456 7 is be VBZ 34457 1456 8 doubtful doubtful JJ 34457 1456 9 if if IN 34457 1456 10 the the DT 34457 1456 11 critical critical JJ 34457 1456 12 solution solution NN 34457 1456 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 1456 14 is be VBZ 34457 1456 15 in in IN 34457 1456 16 all all DT 34457 1456 17 cases case NNS 34457 1456 18 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1456 19 realizable realizable JJ 34457 1456 20 . . . 34457 1457 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1457 2 - - HYPH 34457 1457 3 Concentration concentration NN 34457 1457 4 Diagram.--Since diagram.--since NN 34457 1457 5 , , , 34457 1457 6 in in IN 34457 1457 7 the the DT 34457 1457 8 cases case NNS 34457 1457 9 of of IN 34457 1457 10 complete complete JJ 34457 1457 11 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 1457 12 of of IN 34457 1457 13 two two CD 34457 1457 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1457 15 components component NNS 34457 1457 16 , , , 34457 1457 17 there there EX 34457 1457 18 are be VBP 34457 1457 19 never never RB 34457 1457 20 more more JJR 34457 1457 21 than than IN 34457 1457 22 two two CD 34457 1457 23 phases phase NNS 34457 1457 24 present present JJ 34457 1457 25 , , , 34457 1457 26 the the DT 34457 1457 27 system system NN 34457 1457 28 must must MD 34457 1457 29 always always RB 34457 1457 30 be be VB 34457 1457 31 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 1457 32 ; ; : 34457 1457 33 and and CC 34457 1457 34 two two CD 34457 1457 35 of of IN 34457 1457 36 the the DT 34457 1457 37 variables variable NNS 34457 1457 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1457 39 , , , 34457 1457 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 1457 41 or or CC 34457 1457 42 concentration concentration NN 34457 1457 43 of of IN 34457 1457 44 the the DT 34457 1457 45 components component NNS 34457 1457 46 , , , 34457 1457 47 must must MD 34457 1457 48 be be VB 34457 1457 49 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 1457 50 chosen choose VBN 34457 1457 51 { { -LRB- 34457 1457 52 105 105 CD 34457 1457 53 } } -RRB- 34457 1457 54 before before IN 34457 1457 55 the the DT 34457 1457 56 system system NN 34457 1457 57 becomes become VBZ 34457 1457 58 defined define VBN 34457 1457 59 . . . 34457 1458 1 For for IN 34457 1458 2 this this DT 34457 1458 3 reason reason NN 34457 1458 4 the the DT 34457 1458 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1458 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1458 7 affords afford VBZ 34457 1458 8 only only RB 34457 1458 9 a a DT 34457 1458 10 slight slight JJ 34457 1458 11 guidance guidance NN 34457 1458 12 in in IN 34457 1458 13 the the DT 34457 1458 14 study study NN 34457 1458 15 of of IN 34457 1458 16 such such JJ 34457 1458 17 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 1458 18 ; ; : 34457 1458 19 and and CC 34457 1458 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1458 21 shall shall MD 34457 1458 22 therefore therefore RB 34457 1458 23 not not RB 34457 1458 24 enter enter VB 34457 1458 25 in in IN 34457 1458 26 detail detail NN 34457 1458 27 into into IN 34457 1458 28 the the DT 34457 1458 29 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1458 30 of of IN 34457 1458 31 these these DT 34457 1458 32 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1458 33 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 1458 34 . . . 34457 1459 1 All all DT 34457 1459 2 that that WDT 34457 1459 3 the the DT 34457 1459 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1459 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1459 6 can can MD 34457 1459 7 tell tell VB 34457 1459 8 us -PRON- PRP 34457 1459 9 in in IN 34457 1459 10 connection connection NN 34457 1459 11 with with IN 34457 1459 12 these these DT 34457 1459 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 1459 14 , , , 34457 1459 15 is be VBZ 34457 1459 16 that that IN 34457 1459 17 at at IN 34457 1459 18 constant constant JJ 34457 1459 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1459 20 the the DT 34457 1459 21 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1459 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1459 23 of of IN 34457 1459 24 the the DT 34457 1459 25 solution solution NN 34457 1459 26 varies vary VBZ 34457 1459 27 with with IN 34457 1459 28 the the DT 34457 1459 29 composition composition NN 34457 1459 30 of of IN 34457 1459 31 the the DT 34457 1459 32 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1459 33 phase phase NN 34457 1459 34 ; ; : 34457 1459 35 and and CC 34457 1459 36 if if IN 34457 1459 37 the the DT 34457 1459 38 composition composition NN 34457 1459 39 of of IN 34457 1459 40 the the DT 34457 1459 41 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1459 42 phase phase NN 34457 1459 43 remains remain VBZ 34457 1459 44 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1459 45 , , , 34457 1459 46 the the DT 34457 1459 47 pressure pressure NN 34457 1459 48 also also RB 34457 1459 49 must must MD 34457 1459 50 remain remain VB 34457 1459 51 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1459 52 . . . 34457 1460 1 This this DT 34457 1460 2 constancy constancy NN 34457 1460 3 of of IN 34457 1460 4 composition composition NN 34457 1460 5 is be VBZ 34457 1460 6 exhibited exhibit VBN 34457 1460 7 not not RB 34457 1460 8 only only RB 34457 1460 9 by by IN 34457 1460 10 pure pure JJ 34457 1460 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 1460 12 , , , 34457 1460 13 but but CC 34457 1460 14 also also RB 34457 1460 15 by by IN 34457 1460 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1460 17 solutions solution NNS 34457 1460 18 in in IN 34457 1460 19 all all DT 34457 1460 20 cases case NNS 34457 1460 21 where where WRB 34457 1460 22 the the DT 34457 1460 23 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1460 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1460 25 of of IN 34457 1460 26 the the DT 34457 1460 27 solution solution NN 34457 1460 28 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1460 29 a a DT 34457 1460 30 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1460 31 or or CC 34457 1460 32 minimum minimum JJ 34457 1460 33 value value NN 34457 1460 34 . . . 34457 1461 1 This this DT 34457 1461 2 is be VBZ 34457 1461 3 the the DT 34457 1461 4 case case NN 34457 1461 5 , , , 34457 1461 6 for for IN 34457 1461 7 example example NN 34457 1461 8 , , , 34457 1461 9 with with IN 34457 1461 10 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 1461 11 of of IN 34457 1461 12 constant constant JJ 34457 1461 13 boiling boiling NN 34457 1461 14 point point NN 34457 1461 15 . . . 34457 1462 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1462 2 179 179 CD 34457 1462 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1462 4 * * NFP 34457 1462 5 * * NFP 34457 1462 6 * * NFP 34457 1462 7 * * NFP 34457 1462 8 * * NFP 34457 1462 9 { { -LRB- 34457 1462 10 106 106 CD 34457 1462 11 } } -RRB- 34457 1462 12 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 1462 13 VII vii NN 34457 1462 14 SOLUTIONS solutions NN 34457 1462 15 OF of IN 34457 1462 16 SOLIDS solids NN 34457 1462 17 IN in IN 34457 1462 18 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 1462 19 , , , 34457 1462 20 ONLY only RB 34457 1462 21 ONE one CD 34457 1462 22 OF of IN 34457 1462 23 THE the DT 34457 1462 24 COMPONENTS COMPONENTS NNP 34457 1462 25 BEING BEING NNP 34457 1462 26 VOLATILE VOLATILE VBD 34457 1462 27 General.--When General.--When NNP 34457 1462 28 a a DT 34457 1462 29 solid solid JJ 34457 1462 30 is be VBZ 34457 1462 31 brought bring VBN 34457 1462 32 into into IN 34457 1462 33 contact contact NN 34457 1462 34 with with IN 34457 1462 35 a a DT 34457 1462 36 liquid liquid NN 34457 1462 37 in in IN 34457 1462 38 which which WDT 34457 1462 39 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1462 40 can can MD 34457 1462 41 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1462 42 , , , 34457 1462 43 a a DT 34457 1462 44 certain certain JJ 34457 1462 45 amount amount NN 34457 1462 46 of of IN 34457 1462 47 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1462 48 passes pass VBZ 34457 1462 49 into into IN 34457 1462 50 solution solution NN 34457 1462 51 ; ; : 34457 1462 52 and and CC 34457 1462 53 the the DT 34457 1462 54 process process NN 34457 1462 55 continues continue VBZ 34457 1462 56 until until IN 34457 1462 57 the the DT 34457 1462 58 concentration concentration NN 34457 1462 59 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1462 60 a a DT 34457 1462 61 definite definite JJ 34457 1462 62 value value NN 34457 1462 63 independent independent JJ 34457 1462 64 of of IN 34457 1462 65 the the DT 34457 1462 66 amount amount NN 34457 1462 67 of of IN 34457 1462 68 solid solid JJ 34457 1462 69 present present NN 34457 1462 70 . . . 34457 1463 1 A a DT 34457 1463 2 condition condition NN 34457 1463 3 of of IN 34457 1463 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1463 5 is be VBZ 34457 1463 6 established establish VBN 34457 1463 7 between between IN 34457 1463 8 the the DT 34457 1463 9 solid solid JJ 34457 1463 10 and and CC 34457 1463 11 the the DT 34457 1463 12 solution solution NN 34457 1463 13 ; ; : 34457 1463 14 the the DT 34457 1463 15 solution solution NN 34457 1463 16 becomes become VBZ 34457 1463 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1463 18 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1463 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1463 20 . . . 34457 1464 1 Since since IN 34457 1464 2 the the DT 34457 1464 3 number number NN 34457 1464 4 of of IN 34457 1464 5 components component NNS 34457 1464 6 is be VBZ 34457 1464 7 two two CD 34457 1464 8 , , , 34457 1464 9 and and CC 34457 1464 10 the the DT 34457 1464 11 number number NN 34457 1464 12 of of IN 34457 1464 13 phases phase NNS 34457 1464 14 three three CD 34457 1464 15 , , , 34457 1464 16 viz viz NN 34457 1464 17 . . . 34457 1465 1 solid solid JJ 34457 1465 2 , , , 34457 1465 3 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1465 4 solution solution NN 34457 1465 5 , , , 34457 1465 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 1465 7 , , , 34457 1465 8 the the DT 34457 1465 9 system system NN 34457 1465 10 is be VBZ 34457 1465 11 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1465 12 . . . 34457 1466 1 If if IN 34457 1466 2 , , , 34457 1466 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1466 4 , , , 34457 1466 5 one one CD 34457 1466 6 of of IN 34457 1466 7 the the DT 34457 1466 8 factors factor NNS 34457 1466 9 , , , 34457 1466 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1466 11 , , , 34457 1466 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1466 13 , , , 34457 1466 14 or or CC 34457 1466 15 concentration concentration NN 34457 1466 16 of of IN 34457 1466 17 the the DT 34457 1466 18 components component NNS 34457 1466 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1466 20 in in IN 34457 1466 21 the the DT 34457 1466 22 solution[180 solution[180 NN 34457 1466 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1466 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1466 25 , , , 34457 1466 26 is be VBZ 34457 1466 27 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 34457 1466 28 fixed fix VBN 34457 1466 29 , , , 34457 1466 30 the the DT 34457 1466 31 state state NN 34457 1466 32 of of IN 34457 1466 33 the the DT 34457 1466 34 system system NN 34457 1466 35 becomes become VBZ 34457 1466 36 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 1466 37 defined define VBN 34457 1466 38 . . . 34457 1467 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1467 2 , , , 34457 1467 3 at at IN 34457 1467 4 any any DT 34457 1467 5 given give VBN 34457 1467 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 1467 7 , , , 34457 1467 8 the the DT 34457 1467 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1467 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1467 11 of of IN 34457 1467 12 the the DT 34457 1467 13 system system NN 34457 1467 14 and and CC 34457 1467 15 the the DT 34457 1467 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 1467 17 of of IN 34457 1467 18 the the DT 34457 1467 19 components component NNS 34457 1467 20 have have VBP 34457 1467 21 a a DT 34457 1467 22 definite definite JJ 34457 1467 23 value value NN 34457 1467 24 . . . 34457 1468 1 If if IN 34457 1468 2 the the DT 34457 1468 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1468 4 is be VBZ 34457 1468 5 altered alter VBN 34457 1468 6 , , , 34457 1468 7 the the DT 34457 1468 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1468 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1468 10 and and CC 34457 1468 11 also also RB 34457 1468 12 , , , 34457 1468 13 in in IN 34457 1468 14 general general JJ 34457 1468 15 , , , 34457 1468 16 the the DT 34457 1468 17 concentration concentration NN 34457 1468 18 will will MD 34457 1468 19 undergo undergo VB 34457 1468 20 change change NN 34457 1468 21 . . . 34457 1469 1 Likewise likewise RB 34457 1469 2 , , , 34457 1469 3 if if IN 34457 1469 4 the the DT 34457 1469 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 1469 6 varies vary VBZ 34457 1469 7 , , , 34457 1469 8 while while IN 34457 1469 9 the the DT 34457 1469 10 system system NN 34457 1469 11 is be VBZ 34457 1469 12 isolated isolate VBN 34457 1469 13 so so IN 34457 1469 14 that that IN 34457 1469 15 no no DT 34457 1469 16 heat heat NN 34457 1469 17 can can MD 34457 1469 18 pass pass VB 34457 1469 19 between between IN 34457 1469 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1469 21 and and CC 34457 1469 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1469 23 surroundings surrounding NNS 34457 1469 24 , , , 34457 1469 25 the the DT 34457 1469 26 concentration concentration NN 34457 1469 27 and and CC 34457 1469 28 the the DT 34457 1469 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1469 30 must must MD 34457 1469 31 also also RB 34457 1469 32 undergo undergo VB 34457 1469 33 variation variation NN 34457 1469 34 until until IN 34457 1469 35 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1469 36 attain attain VBP 34457 1469 37 values value NNS 34457 1469 38 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1469 39 to to IN 34457 1469 40 the the DT 34457 1469 41 particular particular JJ 34457 1469 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 1469 43 . . . 34457 1470 1 That that IN 34457 1470 2 the the DT 34457 1470 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1470 4 has have VBZ 34457 1470 5 an an DT 34457 1470 6 influence influence NN 34457 1470 7 , , , 34457 1470 8 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 1470 9 a a DT 34457 1470 10 very very RB 34457 1470 11 considerable considerable JJ 34457 1470 12 influence influence NN 34457 1470 13 , , , 34457 1470 14 on on IN 34457 1470 15 the the DT 34457 1470 16 amount amount NN 34457 1470 17 of of IN 34457 1470 18 substance substance NN 34457 1470 19 passing pass VBG 34457 1470 20 into into IN 34457 1470 21 solution solution NN 34457 1470 22 , , , 34457 1470 23 is be VBZ 34457 1470 24 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 1470 25 well well RB 34457 1470 26 known known JJ 34457 1470 27 ; ; : 34457 1470 28 the the DT 34457 1470 29 effect effect NN 34457 1470 30 of of IN 34457 1470 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1470 32 , , , 34457 1470 33 although although IN 34457 1470 34 less less RBR 34457 1470 35 apparent apparent JJ 34457 1470 36 , , , 34457 1470 37 is be VBZ 34457 1470 38 no no DT 34457 1470 39 less less RBR 34457 1470 40 certain certain JJ 34457 1470 41 . . . 34457 1471 1 If if IN 34457 1471 2 at at IN 34457 1471 3 any any DT 34457 1471 4 given give VBN 34457 1471 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 1471 6 the the DT 34457 1471 7 volume volume NN 34457 1471 8 of of IN 34457 1471 9 the the DT 34457 1471 10 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1471 11 phase phase NN 34457 1471 12 is be VBZ 34457 1471 13 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1471 14 , , , 34457 1471 15 { { -LRB- 34457 1471 16 107 107 CD 34457 1471 17 } } -RRB- 34457 1471 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1471 19 will will MD 34457 1471 20 condense condense VB 34457 1471 21 to to IN 34457 1471 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 1471 23 , , , 34457 1471 24 in in IN 34457 1471 25 order order NN 34457 1471 26 that that IN 34457 1471 27 the the DT 34457 1471 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 1471 29 may may MD 34457 1471 30 remain remain VB 34457 1471 31 constant constant JJ 34457 1471 32 , , , 34457 1471 33 and and CC 34457 1471 34 so so RB 34457 1471 35 much much JJ 34457 1471 36 of of IN 34457 1471 37 the the DT 34457 1471 38 solid solid JJ 34457 1471 39 will will MD 34457 1471 40 pass pass VB 34457 1471 41 into into IN 34457 1471 42 solution solution NN 34457 1471 43 that that IN 34457 1471 44 the the DT 34457 1471 45 concentration concentration NN 34457 1471 46 may may MD 34457 1471 47 remain remain VB 34457 1471 48 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1471 49 ; ; : 34457 1471 50 for for CC 34457 1471 51 , , , 34457 1471 52 so so RB 34457 1471 53 long long RB 34457 1471 54 as as IN 34457 1471 55 the the DT 34457 1471 56 three three CD 34457 1471 57 phases phase NNS 34457 1471 58 are be VBP 34457 1471 59 present present JJ 34457 1471 60 , , , 34457 1471 61 the the DT 34457 1471 62 state state NN 34457 1471 63 of of IN 34457 1471 64 the the DT 34457 1471 65 system system NN 34457 1471 66 can can MD 34457 1471 67 not not RB 34457 1471 68 alter alter VB 34457 1471 69 . . . 34457 1472 1 If if IN 34457 1472 2 , , , 34457 1472 3 however however RB 34457 1472 4 , , , 34457 1472 5 one one CD 34457 1472 6 of of IN 34457 1472 7 the the DT 34457 1472 8 phases phase NNS 34457 1472 9 , , , 34457 1472 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1472 11 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 1472 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1472 13 the the DT 34457 1472 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 1472 15 phase phase NN 34457 1472 16 , , , 34457 1472 17 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 1472 18 , , , 34457 1472 19 the the DT 34457 1472 20 system system NN 34457 1472 21 becomes become VBZ 34457 1472 22 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 1472 23 ; ; : 34457 1472 24 at at IN 34457 1472 25 any any DT 34457 1472 26 given give VBN 34457 1472 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 1472 28 , , , 34457 1472 29 therefore therefore RB 34457 1472 30 , , , 34457 1472 31 there there EX 34457 1472 32 may may MD 34457 1472 33 be be VB 34457 1472 34 different different JJ 34457 1472 35 values value NNS 34457 1472 36 of of IN 34457 1472 37 concentration concentration NN 34457 1472 38 and and CC 34457 1472 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 1472 40 . . . 34457 1473 1 The the DT 34457 1473 2 direction direction NN 34457 1473 3 in in IN 34457 1473 4 which which WDT 34457 1473 5 change change NN 34457 1473 6 of of IN 34457 1473 7 concentration concentration NN 34457 1473 8 will will MD 34457 1473 9 occur occur VB 34457 1473 10 with with IN 34457 1473 11 change change NN 34457 1473 12 of of IN 34457 1473 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1473 14 can can MD 34457 1473 15 be be VB 34457 1473 16 predicted predict VBN 34457 1473 17 by by IN 34457 1473 18 means mean NNS 34457 1473 19 of of IN 34457 1473 20 the the DT 34457 1473 21 theorem theorem NN 34457 1473 22 of of IN 34457 1473 23 Le Le NNP 34457 1473 24 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1473 25 , , , 34457 1473 26 if if IN 34457 1473 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1473 28 is be VBZ 34457 1473 29 known know VBN 34457 1473 30 whether whether IN 34457 1473 31 solution solution NN 34457 1473 32 is be VBZ 34457 1473 33 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1473 34 by by IN 34457 1473 35 increase increase NN 34457 1473 36 or or CC 34457 1473 37 diminution diminution NN 34457 1473 38 of of IN 34457 1473 39 the the DT 34457 1473 40 total total JJ 34457 1473 41 volume volume NN 34457 1473 42 . . . 34457 1474 1 If if IN 34457 1474 2 diminution diminution NN 34457 1474 3 of of IN 34457 1474 4 the the DT 34457 1474 5 total total JJ 34457 1474 6 volume volume NN 34457 1474 7 of of IN 34457 1474 8 the the DT 34457 1474 9 system system NN 34457 1474 10 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1474 11 on on IN 34457 1474 12 solution solution NN 34457 1474 13 , , , 34457 1474 14 increase increase NN 34457 1474 15 of of IN 34457 1474 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1474 17 will will MD 34457 1474 18 increase increase VB 34457 1474 19 the the DT 34457 1474 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 1474 21 ; ; : 34457 1474 22 in in IN 34457 1474 23 the the DT 34457 1474 24 reverse reverse JJ 34457 1474 25 case case NN 34457 1474 26 , , , 34457 1474 27 increase increase NN 34457 1474 28 of of IN 34457 1474 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 1474 30 will will MD 34457 1474 31 diminish diminish VB 34457 1474 32 the the DT 34457 1474 33 solubility solubility NN 34457 1474 34 . . . 34457 1475 1 This this DT 34457 1475 2 conclusion conclusion NN 34457 1475 3 has have VBZ 34457 1475 4 also also RB 34457 1475 5 been be VBN 34457 1475 6 verified verify VBN 34457 1475 7 by by IN 34457 1475 8 experiment experiment NN 34457 1475 9 , , , 34457 1475 10 as as IN 34457 1475 11 is be VBZ 34457 1475 12 shown show VBN 34457 1475 13 by by IN 34457 1475 14 the the DT 34457 1475 15 following follow VBG 34457 1475 16 figures figure NNS 34457 1475 17 . . . 34457 1476 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1476 2 181 181 CD 34457 1476 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1476 4 --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1476 5 |Change |change NN 34457 1476 6 of of IN 34457 1476 7 | | NNP 34457 1476 8 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1476 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1476 10 at at IN 34457 1476 11 18 18 NNP 34457 1476 12 ° ° NNS 34457 1476 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1476 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1476 15 grams gram NNS 34457 1476 16 salt salt NNP 34457 1476 17 |volume |volume CD 34457 1476 18 by by IN 34457 1476 19 | | CD 34457 1476 20 in in IN 34457 1476 21 1 1 CD 34457 1476 22 gram gram NN 34457 1476 23 of of IN 34457 1476 24 solution solution NN 34457 1476 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1476 26 . . . 34457 1477 1 |dissolving |dissolving CD 34457 1477 2 1 1 CD 34457 1477 3 gm.|--------------------------- gm.|--------------------------- NNP 34457 1477 4 Salt salt NN 34457 1477 5 . . . 34457 1478 1 |of |of CD 34457 1478 2 salt salt NN 34457 1478 3 in in IN 34457 1478 4 the the DT 34457 1478 5 | | NNP 34457 1478 6 | | CD 34457 1478 7 |saturated |saturated CD 34457 1478 8 | | NNP 34457 1478 9 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1478 10 | | NNP 34457 1478 11 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 1478 12 |solution |solution CD 34457 1478 13 . . . 34457 1479 1 | | NNP 34457 1479 2 = = SYM 34457 1479 3 1 1 CD 34457 1479 4 atm atm NN 34457 1479 5 . . . 34457 1480 1 | | NNP 34457 1480 2 = = SYM 34457 1480 3 500 500 CD 34457 1480 4 atm atm NN 34457 1480 5 . . . 34457 1481 1 ------------------+----------------+----------+---------------- ------------------+----------------+----------+---------------- NFP 34457 1481 2 Sodium sodium NN 34457 1481 3 chloride chloride NN 34457 1481 4 | | CD 34457 1481 5 -0.07 -0.07 CD 34457 1481 6 | | CD 34457 1481 7 0.264 0.264 CD 34457 1481 8 | | CD 34457 1481 9 0.270 0.270 CD 34457 1481 10 Ammonium Ammonium NNP 34457 1481 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 1481 12 | | NNP 34457 1481 13 +0.10 +0.10 NNP 34457 1481 14 | | CD 34457 1481 15 0.272 0.272 CD 34457 1481 16 | | CD 34457 1481 17 0.258 0.258 CD 34457 1481 18 Alum Alum NNP 34457 1481 19 | | NNP 34457 1481 20 -0.067 -0.067 NNP 34457 1481 21 | | CD 34457 1481 22 0.115 0.115 CD 34457 1481 23 | | CD 34457 1481 24 0.142 0.142 CD 34457 1481 25 | | CD 34457 1481 26 | | CD 34457 1481 27 |(_p |(_p CD 34457 1481 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1481 29 = = SYM 34457 1481 30 400 400 CD 34457 1481 31 atm atm NN 34457 1481 32 . . . 34457 1481 33 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1482 1 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1482 2 As as IN 34457 1482 3 can can MD 34457 1482 4 be be VB 34457 1482 5 seen see VBN 34457 1482 6 , , , 34457 1482 7 a a DT 34457 1482 8 large large JJ 34457 1482 9 increase increase NN 34457 1482 10 of of IN 34457 1482 11 the the DT 34457 1482 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1482 13 brings bring VBZ 34457 1482 14 about about RP 34457 1482 15 a a DT 34457 1482 16 no no RB 34457 1482 17 more more JJR 34457 1482 18 than than IN 34457 1482 19 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 1482 20 alteration alteration NN 34457 1482 21 of of IN 34457 1482 22 the the DT 34457 1482 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 1482 24 ; ; : 34457 1482 25 a a DT 34457 1482 26 result result NN 34457 1482 27 which which WDT 34457 1482 28 is be VBZ 34457 1482 29 due due JJ 34457 1482 30 , , , 34457 1482 31 as as IN 34457 1482 32 in in IN 34457 1482 33 the the DT 34457 1482 34 case case NN 34457 1482 35 of of IN 34457 1482 36 the the DT 34457 1482 37 alteration alteration NN 34457 1482 38 of of IN 34457 1482 39 the the DT 34457 1482 40 fusion fusion NN 34457 1482 41 point point NN 34457 1482 42 with with IN 34457 1482 43 the the DT 34457 1482 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 1482 45 , , , 34457 1482 46 to to IN 34457 1482 47 the the DT 34457 1482 48 small small JJ 34457 1482 49 change change NN 34457 1482 50 in in IN 34457 1482 51 volume volume NN 34457 1482 52 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 1482 53 solution solution NN 34457 1482 54 or or CC 34457 1482 55 increase increase NN 34457 1482 56 of of IN 34457 1482 57 pressure pressure NN 34457 1482 58 . . . 34457 1483 1 For for IN 34457 1483 2 all all DT 34457 1483 3 practical practical JJ 34457 1483 4 purposes purpose NNS 34457 1483 5 , , , 34457 1483 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 1483 7 , , , 34457 1483 8 the the DT 34457 1483 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 1483 10 as as IN 34457 1483 11 determined determine VBN 34457 1483 12 under under IN 34457 1483 13 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1483 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1483 15 may may MD 34457 1483 16 be be VB 34457 1483 17 taken take VBN 34457 1483 18 as as RB 34457 1483 19 equal equal JJ 34457 1483 20 to to IN 34457 1483 21 the the DT 34457 1483 22 true true JJ 34457 1483 23 { { -LRB- 34457 1483 24 108 108 CD 34457 1483 25 } } -RRB- 34457 1483 26 solubility solubility NN 34457 1483 27 , , , 34457 1483 28 that that RB 34457 1483 29 is is RB 34457 1483 30 , , , 34457 1483 31 the the DT 34457 1483 32 solubility solubility NN 34457 1483 33 when when WRB 34457 1483 34 the the DT 34457 1483 35 system system NN 34457 1483 36 is be VBZ 34457 1483 37 under under IN 34457 1483 38 the the DT 34457 1483 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 1483 40 of of IN 34457 1483 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1483 42 own own JJ 34457 1483 43 vapour vapour NN 34457 1483 44 . . . 34457 1484 1 The the DT 34457 1484 2 Saturated saturate VBN 34457 1484 3 Solution.--From Solution.--From : 34457 1484 4 what what WP 34457 1484 5 has have VBZ 34457 1484 6 been be VBN 34457 1484 7 said say VBN 34457 1484 8 above above RB 34457 1484 9 , , , 34457 1484 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1484 11 will will MD 34457 1484 12 be be VB 34457 1484 13 seen see VBN 34457 1484 14 that that IN 34457 1484 15 the the DT 34457 1484 16 condition condition NN 34457 1484 17 of of IN 34457 1484 18 saturation saturation NN 34457 1484 19 of of IN 34457 1484 20 a a DT 34457 1484 21 solution solution NN 34457 1484 22 can can MD 34457 1484 23 be be VB 34457 1484 24 defined define VBN 34457 1484 25 only only RB 34457 1484 26 with with IN 34457 1484 27 respect respect NN 34457 1484 28 to to IN 34457 1484 29 a a DT 34457 1484 30 certain certain JJ 34457 1484 31 solid solid JJ 34457 1484 32 phase phase NN 34457 1484 33 ; ; : 34457 1484 34 if if IN 34457 1484 35 no no DT 34457 1484 36 solid solid JJ 34457 1484 37 is be VBZ 34457 1484 38 present present JJ 34457 1484 39 , , , 34457 1484 40 the the DT 34457 1484 41 system system NN 34457 1484 42 is be VBZ 34457 1484 43 undefined undefined JJ 34457 1484 44 , , , 34457 1484 45 for for IN 34457 1484 46 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1484 47 then then RB 34457 1484 48 consists consist VBZ 34457 1484 49 of of IN 34457 1484 50 only only RB 34457 1484 51 two two CD 34457 1484 52 phases phase NNS 34457 1484 53 , , , 34457 1484 54 and and CC 34457 1484 55 is be VBZ 34457 1484 56 therefore therefore RB 34457 1484 57 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 1484 58 . . . 34457 1485 1 Under under IN 34457 1485 2 such such JJ 34457 1485 3 circumstances circumstance NNS 34457 1485 4 not not RB 34457 1485 5 only only RB 34457 1485 6 can can MD 34457 1485 7 there there EX 34457 1485 8 be be VB 34457 1485 9 at at IN 34457 1485 10 one one CD 34457 1485 11 given give VBN 34457 1485 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1485 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 1485 14 of of IN 34457 1485 15 different different JJ 34457 1485 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 1485 17 , , , 34457 1485 18 all all DT 34457 1485 19 containing contain VBG 34457 1485 20 less less JJR 34457 1485 21 of of IN 34457 1485 22 one one CD 34457 1485 23 of of IN 34457 1485 24 the the DT 34457 1485 25 components component NNS 34457 1485 26 than than IN 34457 1485 27 when when WRB 34457 1485 28 that that DT 34457 1485 29 component component NN 34457 1485 30 is be VBZ 34457 1485 31 present present JJ 34457 1485 32 in in IN 34457 1485 33 the the DT 34457 1485 34 solid solid JJ 34457 1485 35 form form NN 34457 1485 36 , , , 34457 1485 37 but but CC 34457 1485 38 there there EX 34457 1485 39 can can MD 34457 1485 40 also also RB 34457 1485 41 exist exist VB 34457 1485 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 1485 43 containing contain VBG 34457 1485 44 more more JJR 34457 1485 45 of of IN 34457 1485 46 that that DT 34457 1485 47 component component NN 34457 1485 48 than than IN 34457 1485 49 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 1485 50 to to IN 34457 1485 51 the the DT 34457 1485 52 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1485 53 when when WRB 34457 1485 54 the the DT 34457 1485 55 solid solid JJ 34457 1485 56 is be VBZ 34457 1485 57 present present JJ 34457 1485 58 . . . 34457 1486 1 In in IN 34457 1486 2 the the DT 34457 1486 3 former former JJ 34457 1486 4 case case NN 34457 1486 5 the the DT 34457 1486 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 1486 7 are be VBP 34457 1486 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1486 9 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 1486 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1486 11 , , , 34457 1486 12 in in IN 34457 1486 13 the the DT 34457 1486 14 latter latter JJ 34457 1486 15 case case NN 34457 1486 16 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1486 17 are be VBP 34457 1486 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1486 19 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1486 20 with with IN 34457 1486 21 respect respect NN 34457 1486 22 to to IN 34457 1486 23 a a DT 34457 1486 24 certain certain JJ 34457 1486 25 solid solid JJ 34457 1486 26 phase phase NN 34457 1486 27 _ _ NNP 34457 1486 28 ; ; : 34457 1486 29 in in IN 34457 1486 30 themselves -PRON- PRP 34457 1486 31 , , , 34457 1486 32 the the DT 34457 1486 33 solutions solution NNS 34457 1486 34 are be VBP 34457 1486 35 stable stable JJ 34457 1486 36 , , , 34457 1486 37 and and CC 34457 1486 38 are be VBP 34457 1486 39 neither neither RB 34457 1486 40 unsaturated unsaturate VBN 34457 1486 41 nor nor CC 34457 1486 42 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1486 43 . . . 34457 1487 1 Further further RB 34457 1487 2 , , , 34457 1487 3 if if IN 34457 1487 4 the the DT 34457 1487 5 solid solid JJ 34457 1487 6 substance substance NN 34457 1487 7 can can MD 34457 1487 8 exist exist VB 34457 1487 9 in in IN 34457 1487 10 different different JJ 34457 1487 11 allotropic allotropic JJ 34457 1487 12 modifications modification NNS 34457 1487 13 , , , 34457 1487 14 the the DT 34457 1487 15 particular particular JJ 34457 1487 16 form form NN 34457 1487 17 of of IN 34457 1487 18 the the DT 34457 1487 19 substance substance NN 34457 1487 20 which which WDT 34457 1487 21 is be VBZ 34457 1487 22 in in IN 34457 1487 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1487 24 with with IN 34457 1487 25 the the DT 34457 1487 26 solution solution NN 34457 1487 27 must must MD 34457 1487 28 be be VB 34457 1487 29 known know VBN 34457 1487 30 , , , 34457 1487 31 in in IN 34457 1487 32 order order NN 34457 1487 33 that that IN 34457 1487 34 the the DT 34457 1487 35 statement statement NN 34457 1487 36 of of IN 34457 1487 37 the the DT 34457 1487 38 solubility solubility NN 34457 1487 39 may may MD 34457 1487 40 be be VB 34457 1487 41 definite definite JJ 34457 1487 42 ; ; : 34457 1487 43 for for IN 34457 1487 44 each each DT 34457 1487 45 form form NN 34457 1487 46 has have VBZ 34457 1487 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1487 48 own own JJ 34457 1487 49 solubility solubility NN 34457 1487 50 , , , 34457 1487 51 and and CC 34457 1487 52 , , , 34457 1487 53 as as IN 34457 1487 54 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1487 55 shall shall MD 34457 1487 56 see see VB 34457 1487 57 presently presently RB 34457 1487 58 , , , 34457 1487 59 the the DT 34457 1487 60 less less RBR 34457 1487 61 stable stable JJ 34457 1487 62 form form NN 34457 1487 63 has have VBZ 34457 1487 64 the the DT 34457 1487 65 greater great JJR 34457 1487 66 solubility solubility NN 34457 1487 67 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1487 68 cf cf NN 34457 1487 69 . . . 34457 1488 1 p. p. NN 34457 1488 2 47 47 CD 34457 1488 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1488 4 . . . 34457 1489 1 In in IN 34457 1489 2 all all DT 34457 1489 3 determinations determination NNS 34457 1489 4 of of IN 34457 1489 5 the the DT 34457 1489 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1489 7 , , , 34457 1489 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 1489 9 , , , 34457 1489 10 not not RB 34457 1489 11 only only RB 34457 1489 12 must must MD 34457 1489 13 the the DT 34457 1489 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 1489 15 of of IN 34457 1489 16 the the DT 34457 1489 17 components component NNS 34457 1489 18 in in IN 34457 1489 19 the the DT 34457 1489 20 solution solution NN 34457 1489 21 be be VB 34457 1489 22 determined determine VBN 34457 1489 23 , , , 34457 1489 24 but but CC 34457 1489 25 equal equal JJ 34457 1489 26 importance importance NN 34457 1489 27 should should MD 34457 1489 28 be be VB 34457 1489 29 attached attach VBN 34457 1489 30 to to IN 34457 1489 31 the the DT 34457 1489 32 characterisation characterisation NN 34457 1489 33 of of IN 34457 1489 34 the the DT 34457 1489 35 solid solid JJ 34457 1489 36 phase phase NN 34457 1489 37 present present JJ 34457 1489 38 . . . 34457 1490 1 In in IN 34457 1490 2 this this DT 34457 1490 3 connection connection NN 34457 1490 4 , , , 34457 1490 5 also also RB 34457 1490 6 , , , 34457 1490 7 one one CD 34457 1490 8 other other JJ 34457 1490 9 point point NN 34457 1490 10 may may MD 34457 1490 11 be be VB 34457 1490 12 emphasised emphasise VBN 34457 1490 13 . . . 34457 1491 1 For for IN 34457 1491 2 the the DT 34457 1491 3 production production NN 34457 1491 4 of of IN 34457 1491 5 the the DT 34457 1491 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1491 7 between between IN 34457 1491 8 a a DT 34457 1491 9 solid solid JJ 34457 1491 10 and and CC 34457 1491 11 a a DT 34457 1491 12 liquid liquid NN 34457 1491 13 , , , 34457 1491 14 time time NN 34457 1491 15 is be VBZ 34457 1491 16 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1491 17 , , , 34457 1491 18 and and CC 34457 1491 19 this this DT 34457 1491 20 time time NN 34457 1491 21 not not RB 34457 1491 22 only only RB 34457 1491 23 varies vary VBZ 34457 1491 24 with with IN 34457 1491 25 the the DT 34457 1491 26 state state NN 34457 1491 27 of of IN 34457 1491 28 division division NN 34457 1491 29 of of IN 34457 1491 30 the the DT 34457 1491 31 solid solid JJ 34457 1491 32 and and CC 34457 1491 33 the the DT 34457 1491 34 efficiency efficiency NN 34457 1491 35 of of IN 34457 1491 36 the the DT 34457 1491 37 stirring stirring NN 34457 1491 38 , , , 34457 1491 39 but but CC 34457 1491 40 is be VBZ 34457 1491 41 also also RB 34457 1491 42 dependent dependent JJ 34457 1491 43 on on IN 34457 1491 44 the the DT 34457 1491 45 nature nature NN 34457 1491 46 of of IN 34457 1491 47 the the DT 34457 1491 48 substance substance NN 34457 1491 49 . . . 34457 1492 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1492 2 182 182 CD 34457 1492 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1492 4 Considerable considerable JJ 34457 1492 5 care care NN 34457 1492 6 must must MD 34457 1492 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1492 8 be be VB 34457 1492 9 taken take VBN 34457 1492 10 that that DT 34457 1492 11 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 1492 12 time time NN 34457 1492 13 is be VBZ 34457 1492 14 allowed allow VBN 34457 1492 15 for for IN 34457 1492 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1492 17 to to TO 34457 1492 18 be be VB 34457 1492 19 established establish VBN 34457 1492 20 . . . 34457 1493 1 Such such JJ 34457 1493 2 care care NN 34457 1493 3 is be VBZ 34457 1493 4 more more RBR 34457 1493 5 especially especially RB 34457 1493 6 needful needful JJ 34457 1493 7 when when WRB 34457 1493 8 changes change NNS 34457 1493 9 may may MD 34457 1493 10 occur occur VB 34457 1493 11 in in IN 34457 1493 12 the the DT 34457 1493 13 solid solid JJ 34457 1493 14 phase phase NN 34457 1493 15 , , , 34457 1493 16 and and CC 34457 1493 17 neglect neglect NN 34457 1493 18 of of IN 34457 1493 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1493 20 has have VBZ 34457 1493 21 greatly greatly RB 34457 1493 22 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1493 23 the the DT 34457 1493 24 value value NN 34457 1493 25 of of IN 34457 1493 26 many many JJ 34457 1493 27 of of IN 34457 1493 28 the the DT 34457 1493 29 older old JJR 34457 1493 30 determinations determination NNS 34457 1493 31 of of IN 34457 1493 32 solubility solubility NN 34457 1493 33 . . . 34457 1494 1 Form form NN 34457 1494 2 of of IN 34457 1494 3 the the DT 34457 1494 4 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1494 5 Curve.--The Curve.--The NNP 34457 1494 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1494 7 curve curve NN 34457 1494 8 -- -- : 34457 1494 9 that that IN 34457 1494 10 { { -LRB- 34457 1494 11 109 109 CD 34457 1494 12 } } -RRB- 34457 1494 13 is be VBZ 34457 1494 14 , , , 34457 1494 15 the the DT 34457 1494 16 curve curve NN 34457 1494 17 representing represent VBG 34457 1494 18 the the DT 34457 1494 19 change change NN 34457 1494 20 of of IN 34457 1494 21 concentration concentration NN 34457 1494 22 of of IN 34457 1494 23 the the DT 34457 1494 24 components component NNS 34457 1494 25 in in IN 34457 1494 26 the the DT 34457 1494 27 solution solution NN 34457 1494 28 with with IN 34457 1494 29 the the DT 34457 1494 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 1494 31 -- -- : 34457 1494 32 differs differ VBZ 34457 1494 33 markedly markedly RB 34457 1494 34 from from IN 34457 1494 35 the the DT 34457 1494 36 curve curve NN 34457 1494 37 of of IN 34457 1494 38 vapour vapour NN 34457 1494 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 1494 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1494 41 p. p. NN 34457 1494 42 63 63 CD 34457 1494 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1494 44 , , , 34457 1494 45 in in IN 34457 1494 46 that that IN 34457 1494 47 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1494 48 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1494 49 no no DT 34457 1494 50 general general JJ 34457 1494 51 form form NN 34457 1494 52 , , , 34457 1494 53 but but CC 34457 1494 54 may may MD 34457 1494 55 vary vary VB 34457 1494 56 in in IN 34457 1494 57 the the DT 34457 1494 58 most most RBS 34457 1494 59 diverse diverse JJ 34457 1494 60 manner manner NN 34457 1494 61 . . . 34457 1495 1 Not not RB 34457 1495 2 only only RB 34457 1495 3 may may MD 34457 1495 4 the the DT 34457 1495 5 curve curve NN 34457 1495 6 have have VB 34457 1495 7 an an DT 34457 1495 8 almost almost RB 34457 1495 9 straight straight JJ 34457 1495 10 and and CC 34457 1495 11 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 1495 12 course course NN 34457 1495 13 , , , 34457 1495 14 or or CC 34457 1495 15 slope slope NN 34457 1495 16 or or CC 34457 1495 17 curve curve NN 34457 1495 18 upwards upward NNS 34457 1495 19 at at IN 34457 1495 20 varying vary VBG 34457 1495 21 angles angle NNS 34457 1495 22 ; ; : 34457 1495 23 but but CC 34457 1495 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1495 25 may may MD 34457 1495 26 even even RB 34457 1495 27 slope slope VB 34457 1495 28 downwards downwards RB 34457 1495 29 , , , 34457 1495 30 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1495 31 to to IN 34457 1495 32 a a DT 34457 1495 33 decrease decrease NN 34457 1495 34 in in IN 34457 1495 35 the the DT 34457 1495 36 solubility solubility NN 34457 1495 37 with with IN 34457 1495 38 rise rise NN 34457 1495 39 of of IN 34457 1495 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 1495 41 ; ; : 34457 1495 42 may may MD 34457 1495 43 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1495 44 maxima maxima NNP 34457 1495 45 or or CC 34457 1495 46 minima minima NNP 34457 1495 47 of of IN 34457 1495 48 solubility solubility NN 34457 1495 49 , , , 34457 1495 50 or or CC 34457 1495 51 may may MD 34457 1495 52 , , , 34457 1495 53 as as IN 34457 1495 54 in in IN 34457 1495 55 the the DT 34457 1495 56 case case NN 34457 1495 57 of of IN 34457 1495 58 some some DT 34457 1495 59 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1495 60 salts salt NNS 34457 1495 61 , , , 34457 1495 62 pass pass VBP 34457 1495 63 through through RP 34457 1495 64 a a DT 34457 1495 65 point point NN 34457 1495 66 of of IN 34457 1495 67 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1495 68 temperature temperature NN 34457 1495 69 . . . 34457 1496 1 In in IN 34457 1496 2 the the DT 34457 1496 3 latter latter JJ 34457 1496 4 case case NN 34457 1496 5 the the DT 34457 1496 6 salt salt NN 34457 1496 7 may may MD 34457 1496 8 possess possess VB 34457 1496 9 two two CD 34457 1496 10 values value NNS 34457 1496 11 of of IN 34457 1496 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 1496 13 at at IN 34457 1496 14 the the DT 34457 1496 15 same same JJ 34457 1496 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1496 17 . . . 34457 1497 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1497 2 shall shall MD 34457 1497 3 consider consider VB 34457 1497 4 these these DT 34457 1497 5 cases case NNS 34457 1497 6 in in IN 34457 1497 7 the the DT 34457 1497 8 following follow VBG 34457 1497 9 chapter chapter NN 34457 1497 10 . . . 34457 1498 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1498 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1498 3 : : : 34457 1498 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1498 5 . . . 34457 1499 1 26 26 CD 34457 1499 2 . . . 34457 1499 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1500 1 The the DT 34457 1500 2 great great JJ 34457 1500 3 variety variety NN 34457 1500 4 of of IN 34457 1500 5 form form NN 34457 1500 6 shown show VBN 34457 1500 7 by by IN 34457 1500 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 1500 9 curves curve NNS 34457 1500 10 is be VBZ 34457 1500 11 at at IN 34457 1500 12 once once RB 34457 1500 13 apparent apparent JJ 34457 1500 14 from from IN 34457 1500 15 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1500 16 . . . 34457 1501 1 26 26 CD 34457 1501 2 , , , 34457 1501 3 in in IN 34457 1501 4 which which WDT 34457 1501 5 the the DT 34457 1501 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1501 7 curves curve VBZ 34457 1501 8 of of IN 34457 1501 9 various various JJ 34457 1501 10 substances substance NNS 34457 1501 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1501 12 not not RB 34457 1501 13 , , , 34457 1501 14 however however RB 34457 1501 15 , , , 34457 1501 16 drawn draw VBN 34457 1501 17 to to TO 34457 1501 18 scale scale NN 34457 1501 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1501 20 are be VBP 34457 1501 21 reproduced reproduce VBN 34457 1501 22 . . . 34457 1502 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1502 2 183 183 CD 34457 1502 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1502 4 Varied Varied NNP 34457 1502 5 as as IN 34457 1502 6 is be VBZ 34457 1502 7 the the DT 34457 1502 8 form form NN 34457 1502 9 of of IN 34457 1502 10 the the DT 34457 1502 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 1502 12 curve curve NN 34457 1502 13 , , , 34457 1502 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1502 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1502 16 direction direction NN 34457 1502 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1502 18 , , , 34457 1502 19 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1502 20 , , , 34457 1502 21 can can MD 34457 1502 22 be be VB 34457 1502 23 predicted predict VBN 34457 1502 24 by by IN 34457 1502 25 means mean NNS 34457 1502 26 of of IN 34457 1502 27 the the DT 34457 1502 28 theorem theorem NN 34457 1502 29 of of IN 34457 1502 30 van't van't JJ 34457 1502 31 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 1502 32 and and CC 34457 1502 33 Le Le NNP 34457 1502 34 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1502 35 ; ; : 34457 1502 36 for for IN 34457 1502 37 in in IN 34457 1502 38 accordance accordance NN 34457 1502 39 with with IN 34457 1502 40 that that DT 34457 1502 41 theorem theorem NN 34457 1502 42 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1502 43 p. p. NN 34457 1502 44 57 57 CD 34457 1502 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1502 46 increase increase NN 34457 1502 47 of of IN 34457 1502 48 solubility solubility NN 34457 1502 49 with with IN 34457 1502 50 the the DT 34457 1502 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 1502 52 must must MD 34457 1502 53 occur occur VB 34457 1502 54 in in IN 34457 1502 55 those those DT 34457 1502 56 cases case NNS 34457 1502 57 where where WRB 34457 1502 58 the the DT 34457 1502 59 process process NN 34457 1502 60 of of IN 34457 1502 61 solution solution NN 34457 1502 62 is be VBZ 34457 1502 63 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1502 64 by by IN 34457 1502 65 an an DT 34457 1502 66 _ _ NNP 34457 1502 67 absorption absorption NN 34457 1502 68 _ _ NNP 34457 1502 69 of of IN 34457 1502 70 heat heat NN 34457 1502 71 ; ; : 34457 1502 72 and and CC 34457 1502 73 a a DT 34457 1502 74 decrease decrease NN 34457 1502 75 in in IN 34457 1502 76 the the DT 34457 1502 77 solubility solubility NN 34457 1502 78 with with IN 34457 1502 79 rise rise NN 34457 1502 80 of of IN 34457 1502 81 temperature temperature NN 34457 1502 82 will will MD 34457 1502 83 be be VB 34457 1502 84 found find VBN 34457 1502 85 in in IN 34457 1502 86 cases case NNS 34457 1502 87 where where WRB 34457 1502 88 solution solution NN 34457 1502 89 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1502 90 with with IN 34457 1502 91 _ _ NNP 34457 1502 92 evolution evolution NN 34457 1502 93 _ _ NNP 34457 1502 94 of of IN 34457 1502 95 heat heat NN 34457 1502 96 . . . 34457 1503 1 Where where WRB 34457 1503 2 there there EX 34457 1503 3 is be VBZ 34457 1503 4 no no DT 34457 1503 5 heat heat NN 34457 1503 6 effect effect NN 34457 1503 7 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 1503 8 solution solution NN 34457 1503 9 , , , 34457 1503 10 { { -LRB- 34457 1503 11 110 110 CD 34457 1503 12 } } -RRB- 34457 1503 13 change change NN 34457 1503 14 of of IN 34457 1503 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1503 16 will will MD 34457 1503 17 be be VB 34457 1503 18 without without IN 34457 1503 19 influence influence NN 34457 1503 20 on on IN 34457 1503 21 the the DT 34457 1503 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 1503 23 ; ; : 34457 1503 24 and and CC 34457 1503 25 if if IN 34457 1503 26 the the DT 34457 1503 27 sign sign NN 34457 1503 28 of of IN 34457 1503 29 the the DT 34457 1503 30 heat heat NN 34457 1503 31 of of IN 34457 1503 32 solution solution NN 34457 1503 33 changes change NNS 34457 1503 34 , , , 34457 1503 35 the the DT 34457 1503 36 direction direction NN 34457 1503 37 of of IN 34457 1503 38 the the DT 34457 1503 39 solubility solubility NN 34457 1503 40 curve curve NN 34457 1503 41 must must MD 34457 1503 42 also also RB 34457 1503 43 change change VB 34457 1503 44 , , , 34457 1503 45 _ _ NNP 34457 1503 46 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1503 47 _ _ NNP 34457 1503 48 must must MD 34457 1503 49 show show VB 34457 1503 50 a a DT 34457 1503 51 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1503 52 or or CC 34457 1503 53 minimum minimum JJ 34457 1503 54 point point NN 34457 1503 55 . . . 34457 1504 1 This this DT 34457 1504 2 has have VBZ 34457 1504 3 in in IN 34457 1504 4 all all DT 34457 1504 5 cases case NNS 34457 1504 6 been be VBN 34457 1504 7 verified verify VBN 34457 1504 8 by by IN 34457 1504 9 experiment experiment NN 34457 1504 10 . . . 34457 1505 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1505 2 184 184 CD 34457 1505 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1505 4 In in IN 34457 1505 5 applying apply VBG 34457 1505 6 the the DT 34457 1505 7 theorem theorem NN 34457 1505 8 of of IN 34457 1505 9 Le Le NNP 34457 1505 10 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1505 11 to to IN 34457 1505 12 the the DT 34457 1505 13 course course NN 34457 1505 14 of of IN 34457 1505 15 the the DT 34457 1505 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 1505 17 curve curve NN 34457 1505 18 , , , 34457 1505 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1505 20 should should MD 34457 1505 21 be be VB 34457 1505 22 noted note VBN 34457 1505 23 that that IN 34457 1505 24 by by IN 34457 1505 25 heat heat NN 34457 1505 26 of of IN 34457 1505 27 solution solution NN 34457 1505 28 there there EX 34457 1505 29 is be VBZ 34457 1505 30 meant mean VBN 34457 1505 31 , , , 34457 1505 32 not not RB 34457 1505 33 the the DT 34457 1505 34 heat heat NN 34457 1505 35 effect effect NN 34457 1505 36 produced produce VBN 34457 1505 37 on on IN 34457 1505 38 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 1505 39 the the DT 34457 1505 40 salt salt NN 34457 1505 41 in in IN 34457 1505 42 a a DT 34457 1505 43 large large JJ 34457 1505 44 amount amount NN 34457 1505 45 of of IN 34457 1505 46 solvent solvent NN 34457 1505 47 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1505 48 which which WDT 34457 1505 49 is be VBZ 34457 1505 50 the the DT 34457 1505 51 usual usual JJ 34457 1505 52 signification signification NN 34457 1505 53 of of IN 34457 1505 54 the the DT 34457 1505 55 expression expression NN 34457 1505 56 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1505 57 , , , 34457 1505 58 but but CC 34457 1505 59 the the DT 34457 1505 60 heat heat NN 34457 1505 61 which which WDT 34457 1505 62 is be VBZ 34457 1505 63 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 1505 64 or or CC 34457 1505 65 evolved evolve VBN 34457 1505 66 when when WRB 34457 1505 67 the the DT 34457 1505 68 salt salt NN 34457 1505 69 is be VBZ 34457 1505 70 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1505 71 in in IN 34457 1505 72 the the DT 34457 1505 73 almost almost RB 34457 1505 74 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1505 75 solution solution NN 34457 1505 76 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1505 77 the the DT 34457 1505 78 so so RB 34457 1505 79 - - HYPH 34457 1505 80 called call VBN 34457 1505 81 last last JJ 34457 1505 82 heat heat NN 34457 1505 83 of of IN 34457 1505 84 solution solution NN 34457 1505 85 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1505 86 . . . 34457 1506 1 Not not RB 34457 1506 2 only only RB 34457 1506 3 does do VBZ 34457 1506 4 the the DT 34457 1506 5 heat heat NN 34457 1506 6 effect effect NN 34457 1506 7 in in IN 34457 1506 8 the the DT 34457 1506 9 two two CD 34457 1506 10 cases case NNS 34457 1506 11 have have VBP 34457 1506 12 a a DT 34457 1506 13 different different JJ 34457 1506 14 value value NN 34457 1506 15 , , , 34457 1506 16 but but CC 34457 1506 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1506 18 may may MD 34457 1506 19 even even RB 34457 1506 20 have have VB 34457 1506 21 a a DT 34457 1506 22 different different JJ 34457 1506 23 sign sign NN 34457 1506 24 . . . 34457 1507 1 A a DT 34457 1507 2 striking strike VBG 34457 1507 3 example example NN 34457 1507 4 of of IN 34457 1507 5 this this DT 34457 1507 6 is be VBZ 34457 1507 7 afforded afford VBN 34457 1507 8 by by IN 34457 1507 9 cupric cupric NN 34457 1507 10 chloride chloride NN 34457 1507 11 , , , 34457 1507 12 as as IN 34457 1507 13 the the DT 34457 1507 14 following follow VBG 34457 1507 15 figures figure NNS 34457 1507 16 show:[185]-- show:[185]-- NN 34457 1507 17 ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- NN 34457 1507 18 Number number NN 34457 1507 19 of of IN 34457 1507 20 gram gram NN 34457 1507 21 - - HYPH 34457 1507 22 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1507 23 of of IN 34457 1507 24 | | NNP 34457 1507 25 CuCl_{2 CuCl_{2 NNP 34457 1507 26 } } -RRB- 34457 1507 27 , , , 34457 1507 28 2H_{2}O 2h_{2}o CD 34457 1507 29 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1507 30 in in IN 34457 1507 31 198 198 CD 34457 1507 32 | | NNP 34457 1507 33 Heat Heat NNP 34457 1507 34 effect effect NN 34457 1507 35 . . . 34457 1508 1 gram gram NN 34457 1508 2 - - HYPH 34457 1508 3 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1508 4 of of IN 34457 1508 5 water water NN 34457 1508 6 . . . 34457 1509 1 | | CD 34457 1509 2 -----------------------------------+----------------------- -----------------------------------+----------------------- SYM 34457 1509 3 1 1 CD 34457 1509 4 | | CD 34457 1509 5 +37 +37 NNP 34457 1509 6 K K NNP 34457 1509 7 2.02 2.02 CD 34457 1509 8 | | CD 34457 1509 9 +66 +66 CD 34457 1509 10 " " `` 34457 1509 11 4.15 4.15 CD 34457 1509 12 | | NNP 34457 1509 13 +105 +105 NNP 34457 1509 14 " " '' 34457 1509 15 7.07 7.07 CD 34457 1509 16 | | NNP 34457 1509 17 +117 +117 JJ 34457 1509 18 " " `` 34457 1509 19 9.95 9.95 CD 34457 1509 20 | | CD 34457 1509 21 +117 +117 NN 34457 1509 22 " " '' 34457 1509 23 11 11 CD 34457 1509 24 | | CD 34457 1509 25 +91 +91 CD 34457 1509 26 " " '' 34457 1509 27 18.8 18.8 CD 34457 1509 28 | | NNP 34457 1509 29 -10 -10 NNP 34457 1509 30 " " '' 34457 1509 31 19.6 19.6 CD 34457 1509 32 | | CD 34457 1509 33 -31 -31 NN 34457 1509 34 " " '' 34457 1509 35 24.75 24.75 CD 34457 1509 36 | | CD 34457 1509 37 -198 -198 NN 34457 1509 38 " " '' 34457 1509 39 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ . 34457 1509 40 In in IN 34457 1509 41 the the DT 34457 1509 42 above above JJ 34457 1509 43 table table NN 34457 1509 44 the the DT 34457 1509 45 positive positive JJ 34457 1509 46 sign sign NN 34457 1509 47 indicates indicate VBZ 34457 1509 48 evolution evolution NN 34457 1509 49 of of IN 34457 1509 50 heat heat NN 34457 1509 51 , , , 34457 1509 52 the the DT 34457 1509 53 negative negative JJ 34457 1509 54 sign sign NN 34457 1509 55 , , , 34457 1509 56 absorption absorption NN 34457 1509 57 of of IN 34457 1509 58 heat heat NN 34457 1509 59 ; ; : 34457 1509 60 and and CC 34457 1509 61 the the DT 34457 1509 62 values value NNS 34457 1509 63 of of IN 34457 1509 64 the the DT 34457 1509 65 heat heat NN 34457 1509 66 effect effect NN 34457 1509 67 are be VBP 34457 1509 68 expressed express VBN 34457 1509 69 in in IN 34457 1509 70 centuple centuple JJ 34457 1509 71 calories calorie NNS 34457 1509 72 . . . 34457 1510 1 Judging judge VBG 34457 1510 2 from from IN 34457 1510 3 the the DT 34457 1510 4 heat heat NN 34457 1510 5 effect effect NN 34457 1510 6 produced produce VBN 34457 1510 7 on on IN 34457 1510 8 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 1510 9 cupric cupric NN 34457 1510 10 chloride chloride NN 34457 1510 11 in in IN 34457 1510 12 a a DT 34457 1510 13 large large JJ 34457 1510 14 bulk bulk NN 34457 1510 15 of of IN 34457 1510 16 water water NN 34457 1510 17 , , , 34457 1510 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1510 19 should should MD 34457 1510 20 predict predict VB 34457 1510 21 that that IN 34457 1510 22 the the DT 34457 1510 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 1510 24 of of IN 34457 1510 25 that that DT 34457 1510 26 salt salt NN 34457 1510 27 would would MD 34457 1510 28 diminish diminish VB 34457 1510 29 with with IN 34457 1510 30 rise rise NN 34457 1510 31 of of IN 34457 1510 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 1510 33 ; ; : 34457 1510 34 as as IN 34457 1510 35 a a DT 34457 1510 36 matter matter NN 34457 1510 37 of of IN 34457 1510 38 fact fact NN 34457 1510 39 , , , 34457 1510 40 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1510 41 increases increase VBZ 34457 1510 42 . . . 34457 1511 1 This this DT 34457 1511 2 is be VBZ 34457 1511 3 in in IN 34457 1511 4 accordance accordance NN 34457 1511 5 with with IN 34457 1511 6 the the DT 34457 1511 7 fact fact NN 34457 1511 8 that that IN 34457 1511 9 { { -LRB- 34457 1511 10 111 111 CD 34457 1511 11 } } -RRB- 34457 1511 12 the the DT 34457 1511 13 last last JJ 34457 1511 14 heat heat NN 34457 1511 15 of of IN 34457 1511 16 solution solution NN 34457 1511 17 is be VBZ 34457 1511 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1511 19 negative negative JJ 34457 1511 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1511 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1511 22 as as IN 34457 1511 23 expressed express VBN 34457 1511 24 above above RB 34457 1511 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1511 26 , , , 34457 1511 27 _ _ NNP 34457 1511 28 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1511 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1511 30 solution solution NN 34457 1511 31 of of IN 34457 1511 32 the the DT 34457 1511 33 salt salt NN 34457 1511 34 in in IN 34457 1511 35 the the DT 34457 1511 36 almost almost RB 34457 1511 37 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1511 38 solution solution NN 34457 1511 39 is be VBZ 34457 1511 40 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1511 41 by by IN 34457 1511 42 absorption absorption NN 34457 1511 43 of of IN 34457 1511 44 heat heat NN 34457 1511 45 . . . 34457 1512 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1512 2 are be VBP 34457 1512 3 led lead VBN 34457 1512 4 to to TO 34457 1512 5 expect expect VB 34457 1512 6 this this DT 34457 1512 7 from from IN 34457 1512 8 the the DT 34457 1512 9 fact fact NN 34457 1512 10 that that IN 34457 1512 11 the the DT 34457 1512 12 heat heat NN 34457 1512 13 of of IN 34457 1512 14 solution solution NN 34457 1512 15 changes change NNS 34457 1512 16 sign sign NN 34457 1512 17 from from IN 34457 1512 18 positive positive JJ 34457 1512 19 to to IN 34457 1512 20 negative negative JJ 34457 1512 21 as as IN 34457 1512 22 the the DT 34457 1512 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 1512 24 increases increase VBZ 34457 1512 25 ; ; : 34457 1512 26 experiment experiment NN 34457 1512 27 also also RB 34457 1512 28 showed show VBD 34457 1512 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1512 30 to to TO 34457 1512 31 be be VB 34457 1512 32 the the DT 34457 1512 33 case case NN 34457 1512 34 . . . 34457 1513 1 Despite despite IN 34457 1513 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1513 3 many many JJ 34457 1513 4 forms form NNS 34457 1513 5 , , , 34457 1513 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1513 7 should should MD 34457 1513 8 be be VB 34457 1513 9 particularly particularly RB 34457 1513 10 noted note VBN 34457 1513 11 that that IN 34457 1513 12 the the DT 34457 1513 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 1513 14 curve curve NN 34457 1513 15 of of IN 34457 1513 16 any any DT 34457 1513 17 substance substance NN 34457 1513 18 is be VBZ 34457 1513 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1513 20 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1513 21 _ _ NNP 34457 1513 22 , , , 34457 1513 23 so so RB 34457 1513 24 long long RB 34457 1513 25 as as IN 34457 1513 26 the the DT 34457 1513 27 solid solid JJ 34457 1513 28 phase phase NN 34457 1513 29 , , , 34457 1513 30 or or CC 34457 1513 31 solid solid JJ 34457 1513 32 substance substance NN 34457 1513 33 in in IN 34457 1513 34 contact contact NN 34457 1513 35 with with IN 34457 1513 36 the the DT 34457 1513 37 solution solution NN 34457 1513 38 , , , 34457 1513 39 remains remain VBZ 34457 1513 40 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1513 41 . . . 34457 1514 1 If if IN 34457 1514 2 any any DT 34457 1514 3 " " `` 34457 1514 4 break break NN 34457 1514 5 " " '' 34457 1514 6 or or CC 34457 1514 7 discontinuous discontinuous JJ 34457 1514 8 change change NN 34457 1514 9 in in IN 34457 1514 10 the the DT 34457 1514 11 direction direction NN 34457 1514 12 of of IN 34457 1514 13 the the DT 34457 1514 14 curve curve NN 34457 1514 15 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1514 16 , , , 34457 1514 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1514 18 is be VBZ 34457 1514 19 a a DT 34457 1514 20 sign sign NN 34457 1514 21 that that IN 34457 1514 22 the the DT 34457 1514 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1514 24 solid solid JJ 34457 1514 25 phase phase NN 34457 1514 26 has have VBZ 34457 1514 27 undergone undergo VBN 34457 1514 28 alteration alteration NN 34457 1514 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1514 30 . . . 34457 1515 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1515 2 , , , 34457 1515 3 if if IN 34457 1515 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1515 5 is be VBZ 34457 1515 6 known know VBN 34457 1515 7 that that IN 34457 1515 8 a a DT 34457 1515 9 change change NN 34457 1515 10 takes take VBZ 34457 1515 11 place place NN 34457 1515 12 in in IN 34457 1515 13 the the DT 34457 1515 14 solid solid JJ 34457 1515 15 phase phase NN 34457 1515 16 , , , 34457 1515 17 a a DT 34457 1515 18 break break NN 34457 1515 19 in in IN 34457 1515 20 the the DT 34457 1515 21 solubility solubility NN 34457 1515 22 curve curve NN 34457 1515 23 can can MD 34457 1515 24 be be VB 34457 1515 25 predicted predict VBN 34457 1515 26 . . . 34457 1516 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1516 2 shall shall MD 34457 1516 3 presently presently RB 34457 1516 4 meet meet VB 34457 1516 5 with with IN 34457 1516 6 examples example NNS 34457 1516 7 of of IN 34457 1516 8 this this DT 34457 1516 9 . . . 34457 1517 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1517 2 186 186 CD 34457 1517 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1517 4 A.--ANHYDROUS A.--ANHYDROUS NNP 34457 1517 5 SALT SALT NNP 34457 1517 6 AND and CC 34457 1517 7 WATER WATER NNP 34457 1517 8 . . . 34457 1518 1 The the DT 34457 1518 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1518 3 Curve.--In Curve.--In NNP 34457 1518 4 studying study VBG 34457 1518 5 the the DT 34457 1518 6 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1518 7 in in IN 34457 1518 8 those those DT 34457 1518 9 systems system NNS 34457 1518 10 of of IN 34457 1518 11 two two CD 34457 1518 12 components component NNS 34457 1518 13 in in IN 34457 1518 14 which which WDT 34457 1518 15 the the DT 34457 1518 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1518 17 phase phase NN 34457 1518 18 is be VBZ 34457 1518 19 a a DT 34457 1518 20 solution solution NN 34457 1518 21 or or CC 34457 1518 22 phase phase NN 34457 1518 23 of of IN 34457 1518 24 varying vary VBG 34457 1518 25 composition composition NN 34457 1518 26 , , , 34457 1518 27 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1518 28 shall shall MD 34457 1518 29 in in IN 34457 1518 30 the the DT 34457 1518 31 present present JJ 34457 1518 32 chapter chapter NN 34457 1518 33 limit limit VB 34457 1518 34 the the DT 34457 1518 35 discussion discussion NN 34457 1518 36 to to IN 34457 1518 37 those those DT 34457 1518 38 cases case NNS 34457 1518 39 where where WRB 34457 1518 40 no no DT 34457 1518 41 compounds compound NNS 34457 1518 42 are be VBP 34457 1518 43 formed form VBN 34457 1518 44 , , , 34457 1518 45 but but CC 34457 1518 46 where where WRB 34457 1518 47 the the DT 34457 1518 48 components component NNS 34457 1518 49 crystallise crystallise VBP 34457 1518 50 out out RP 34457 1518 51 in in IN 34457 1518 52 the the DT 34457 1518 53 pure pure JJ 34457 1518 54 state state NN 34457 1518 55 . . . 34457 1519 1 Since since IN 34457 1519 2 some some DT 34457 1519 3 of of IN 34457 1519 4 the the DT 34457 1519 5 best well RBS 34457 1519 6 - - HYPH 34457 1519 7 known know VBN 34457 1519 8 examples example NNS 34457 1519 9 of of IN 34457 1519 10 such such JJ 34457 1519 11 systems system NNS 34457 1519 12 are be VBP 34457 1519 13 yielded yield VBN 34457 1519 14 by by IN 34457 1519 15 the the DT 34457 1519 16 solutions solution NNS 34457 1519 17 of of IN 34457 1519 18 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1519 19 salts salt NNS 34457 1519 20 in in IN 34457 1519 21 water water NN 34457 1519 22 , , , 34457 1519 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1519 24 shall shall MD 34457 1519 25 first first RB 34457 1519 26 of of IN 34457 1519 27 all all DT 34457 1519 28 briefly briefly RB 34457 1519 29 consider consider VB 34457 1519 30 some some DT 34457 1519 31 of of IN 34457 1519 32 the the DT 34457 1519 33 results result NNS 34457 1519 34 which which WDT 34457 1519 35 have have VBP 34457 1519 36 been be VBN 34457 1519 37 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1519 38 with with IN 34457 1519 39 them -PRON- PRP 34457 1519 40 . . . 34457 1520 1 For for IN 34457 1520 2 the the DT 34457 1520 3 most most JJS 34457 1520 4 part part NN 34457 1520 5 the the DT 34457 1520 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1520 7 curves curve NNS 34457 1520 8 have have VBP 34457 1520 9 been be VBN 34457 1520 10 studied study VBN 34457 1520 11 only only RB 34457 1520 12 at at IN 34457 1520 13 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1520 14 lying lie VBG 34457 1520 15 between between IN 34457 1520 16 0 0â NN 34457 1520 17 ° ° NNS 34457 1520 18 and and CC 34457 1520 19 100 100â CD 34457 1520 20 ° ° NNS 34457 1520 21 , , , 34457 1520 22 the the DT 34457 1520 23 solid solid JJ 34457 1520 24 phase phase NN 34457 1520 25 in in IN 34457 1520 26 contact contact NN 34457 1520 27 with with IN 34457 1520 28 the the DT 34457 1520 29 solution solution NN 34457 1520 30 being be VBG 34457 1520 31 the the DT 34457 1520 32 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1520 33 salt salt NN 34457 1520 34 . . . 34457 1521 1 For for IN 34457 1521 2 the the DT 34457 1521 3 representation representation NN 34457 1521 4 of of IN 34457 1521 5 these these DT 34457 1521 6 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 1521 7 , , , 34457 1521 8 the the DT 34457 1521 9 concentration concentration NN 34457 1521 10 - - HYPH 34457 1521 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1521 12 { { -LRB- 34457 1521 13 112 112 CD 34457 1521 14 } } -RRB- 34457 1521 15 diagram diagram NN 34457 1521 16 is be VBZ 34457 1521 17 employed employ VBN 34457 1521 18 , , , 34457 1521 19 the the DT 34457 1521 20 concentration concentration NN 34457 1521 21 being be VBG 34457 1521 22 expressed express VBN 34457 1521 23 as as IN 34457 1521 24 the the DT 34457 1521 25 number number NN 34457 1521 26 of of IN 34457 1521 27 grams gram NNS 34457 1521 28 of of IN 34457 1521 29 the the DT 34457 1521 30 salt salt NN 34457 1521 31 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1521 32 in in IN 34457 1521 33 100 100 CD 34457 1521 34 grams gram NNS 34457 1521 35 of of IN 34457 1521 36 water water NN 34457 1521 37 , , , 34457 1521 38 or or CC 34457 1521 39 as as IN 34457 1521 40 the the DT 34457 1521 41 number number NN 34457 1521 42 of of IN 34457 1521 43 gram gram NN 34457 1521 44 - - HYPH 34457 1521 45 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1521 46 of of IN 34457 1521 47 salt salt NN 34457 1521 48 in in IN 34457 1521 49 100 100 CD 34457 1521 50 gram gram NN 34457 1521 51 - - HYPH 34457 1521 52 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1521 53 of of IN 34457 1521 54 water water NN 34457 1521 55 . . . 34457 1522 1 The the DT 34457 1522 2 curves curve NNS 34457 1522 3 thus thus RB 34457 1522 4 obtained obtain VBD 34457 1522 5 exhibit exhibit NN 34457 1522 6 the the DT 34457 1522 7 different different JJ 34457 1522 8 forms form NNS 34457 1522 9 to to TO 34457 1522 10 which which WDT 34457 1522 11 reference reference NN 34457 1522 12 has have VBZ 34457 1522 13 already already RB 34457 1522 14 been be VBN 34457 1522 15 made make VBN 34457 1522 16 . . . 34457 1523 1 So so RB 34457 1523 2 long long RB 34457 1523 3 as as IN 34457 1523 4 the the DT 34457 1523 5 salt salt NN 34457 1523 6 remains remain VBZ 34457 1523 7 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1523 8 the the DT 34457 1523 9 curve curve NN 34457 1523 10 will will MD 34457 1523 11 be be VB 34457 1523 12 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1523 13 , , , 34457 1523 14 but but CC 34457 1523 15 if if IN 34457 1523 16 the the DT 34457 1523 17 salt salt NN 34457 1523 18 alters alter VBZ 34457 1523 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1523 20 form form NN 34457 1523 21 , , , 34457 1523 22 then then RB 34457 1523 23 the the DT 34457 1523 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 1523 25 curve curve NN 34457 1523 26 will will MD 34457 1523 27 show show VB 34457 1523 28 a a DT 34457 1523 29 break break NN 34457 1523 30 . . . 34457 1524 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1524 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1524 3 : : : 34457 1524 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1524 5 . . . 34457 1525 1 27 27 CD 34457 1525 2 . . . 34457 1525 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1526 1 Now now RB 34457 1526 2 , , , 34457 1526 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1526 4 have have VBP 34457 1526 5 already already RB 34457 1526 6 seen see VBN 34457 1526 7 in in IN 34457 1526 8 Chapter Chapter NNP 34457 1526 9 III III NNP 34457 1526 10 . . . 34457 1527 1 that that IN 34457 1527 2 certain certain JJ 34457 1527 3 substances substance NNS 34457 1527 4 are be VBP 34457 1527 5 capable capable JJ 34457 1527 6 of of IN 34457 1527 7 existing exist VBG 34457 1527 8 in in IN 34457 1527 9 various various JJ 34457 1527 10 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 1527 11 forms form NNS 34457 1527 12 , , , 34457 1527 13 and and CC 34457 1527 14 these these DT 34457 1527 15 forms form NNS 34457 1527 16 are be VBP 34457 1527 17 so so RB 34457 1527 18 related related JJ 34457 1527 19 to to IN 34457 1527 20 one one CD 34457 1527 21 another another DT 34457 1527 22 that that IN 34457 1527 23 at at IN 34457 1527 24 a a DT 34457 1527 25 given give VBN 34457 1527 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 1527 27 the the DT 34457 1527 28 relative relative JJ 34457 1527 29 stability stability NN 34457 1527 30 of of IN 34457 1527 31 each each DT 34457 1527 32 pair pair NN 34457 1527 33 of of IN 34457 1527 34 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 1527 35 forms form NNS 34457 1527 36 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 1527 37 change change NN 34457 1527 38 . . . 34457 1528 1 Since since IN 34457 1528 2 each each DT 34457 1528 3 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 1528 4 variety variety NN 34457 1528 5 of of IN 34457 1528 6 a a DT 34457 1528 7 substance substance NN 34457 1528 8 must must MD 34457 1528 9 have have VB 34457 1528 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1528 11 own own JJ 34457 1528 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 1528 13 , , , 34457 1528 14 there there EX 34457 1528 15 must must MD 34457 1528 16 be be VB 34457 1528 17 a a DT 34457 1528 18 break break NN 34457 1528 19 in in IN 34457 1528 20 the the DT 34457 1528 21 solubility solubility NN 34457 1528 22 curve curve NN 34457 1528 23 at at IN 34457 1528 24 the the DT 34457 1528 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 1528 26 of of IN 34457 1528 27 transition transition NN 34457 1528 28 of of IN 34457 1528 29 the the DT 34457 1528 30 two two CD 34457 1528 31 enantiotropic enantiotropic JJ 34457 1528 32 forms form NNS 34457 1528 33 . . . 34457 1529 1 At at IN 34457 1529 2 this this DT 34457 1529 3 point point NN 34457 1529 4 the the DT 34457 1529 5 two two CD 34457 1529 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1529 7 curves curve NNS 34457 1529 8 must must MD 34457 1529 9 cut cut VB 34457 1529 10 , , , 34457 1529 11 for for IN 34457 1529 12 since since IN 34457 1529 13 the the DT 34457 1529 14 two two CD 34457 1529 15 forms form NNS 34457 1529 16 are be VBP 34457 1529 17 in in IN 34457 1529 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1529 19 with with IN 34457 1529 20 respect respect NN 34457 1529 21 to to IN 34457 1529 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1529 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 1529 24 , , , 34457 1529 25 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1529 26 must must MD 34457 1529 27 also also RB 34457 1529 28 be be VB 34457 1529 29 in in IN 34457 1529 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1529 31 with with IN 34457 1529 32 respect respect NN 34457 1529 33 to to IN 34457 1529 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1529 35 solutions solution NNS 34457 1529 36 . . . 34457 1530 1 From from IN 34457 1530 2 the the DT 34457 1530 3 table table NN 34457 1530 4 on on IN 34457 1530 5 p. p. NN 34457 1530 6 63 63 CD 34457 1530 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1530 8 is be VBZ 34457 1530 9 seen see VBN 34457 1530 10 that that DT 34457 1530 11 potassium potassium NN 34457 1530 12 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1530 13 , , , 34457 1530 14 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1530 15 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1530 16 , , , 34457 1530 17 silver silver NN 34457 1530 18 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1530 19 , , , 34457 1530 20 thallium thallium NN 34457 1530 21 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1530 22 , , , 34457 1530 23 thallium thallium NN 34457 1530 24 picrate picrate NN 34457 1530 25 , , , 34457 1530 26 are be VBP 34457 1530 27 capable capable JJ 34457 1530 28 of of IN 34457 1530 29 existing exist VBG 34457 1530 30 in in IN 34457 1530 31 two two CD 34457 1530 32 or or CC 34457 1530 33 more more JJR 34457 1530 34 different different JJ 34457 1530 35 enantiotropic enantiotropic JJ 34457 1530 36 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1530 37 forms form NNS 34457 1530 38 , , , 34457 1530 39 the the DT 34457 1530 40 range range NN 34457 1530 41 of of IN 34457 1530 42 stability stability NN 34457 1530 43 of of IN 34457 1530 44 these these DT 34457 1530 45 forms form NNS 34457 1530 46 being be VBG 34457 1530 47 limited limit VBN 34457 1530 48 by by IN 34457 1530 49 definite definite JJ 34457 1530 50 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1530 51 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1530 52 transition transition NN 34457 1530 53 temperature temperature NN 34457 1530 54 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1530 55 . . . 34457 1531 1 Since since IN 34457 1531 2 the the DT 34457 1531 3 transition transition NN 34457 1531 4 point point NN 34457 1531 5 is be VBZ 34457 1531 6 not not RB 34457 1531 7 altered alter VBN 34457 1531 8 by by IN 34457 1531 9 a a DT 34457 1531 10 solvent solvent NN 34457 1531 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1531 12 provided provide VBN 34457 1531 13 the the DT 34457 1531 14 latter latter JJ 34457 1531 15 is be VBZ 34457 1531 16 not not RB 34457 1531 17 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 1531 18 by by IN 34457 1531 19 the the DT 34457 1531 20 solid solid JJ 34457 1531 21 phase phase NN 34457 1531 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1531 23 , , , 34457 1531 24 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1531 25 should should MD 34457 1531 26 find find VB 34457 1531 27 on on IN 34457 1531 28 studying study VBG 34457 1531 29 the the DT 34457 1531 30 solubility solubility NN 34457 1531 31 of of IN 34457 1531 32 these these DT 34457 1531 33 substances substance NNS 34457 1531 34 in in IN 34457 1531 35 water water NN 34457 1531 36 that that WDT 34457 1531 37 the the DT 34457 1531 38 solubility solubility NN 34457 1531 39 curve curve NN 34457 1531 40 would would MD 34457 1531 41 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1531 42 a a DT 34457 1531 43 change change NN 34457 1531 44 in in IN 34457 1531 45 direction direction NN 34457 1531 46 at at IN 34457 1531 47 the the DT 34457 1531 48 temperature temperature NN 34457 1531 49 of of IN 34457 1531 50 transition transition NN 34457 1531 51 . . . 34457 1532 1 As as IN 34457 1532 2 a a DT 34457 1532 3 matter matter NN 34457 1532 4 of of IN 34457 1532 5 fact fact NN 34457 1532 6 this this DT 34457 1532 7 has have VBZ 34457 1532 8 been be VBN 34457 1532 9 verified verify VBN 34457 1532 10 , , , 34457 1532 11 more more RBR 34457 1532 12 especially especially RB 34457 1532 13 in in IN 34457 1532 14 the the DT 34457 1532 15 case case NN 34457 1532 16 of of IN 34457 1532 17 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1532 18 nitrate[187 nitrate[187 NN 34457 1532 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1532 20 { { -LRB- 34457 1532 21 113 113 CD 34457 1532 22 } } -RRB- 34457 1532 23 and and CC 34457 1532 24 thallium thallium NN 34457 1532 25 picrate picrate NN 34457 1532 26 . . . 34457 1533 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1533 2 188 188 CD 34457 1533 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1533 4 The the DT 34457 1533 5 following follow VBG 34457 1533 6 table table NN 34457 1533 7 contains contain VBZ 34457 1533 8 the the DT 34457 1533 9 values value NNS 34457 1533 10 of of IN 34457 1533 11 the the DT 34457 1533 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 1533 13 of of IN 34457 1533 14 ammonium ammonium NNP 34457 1533 15 nitrate nitrate RB 34457 1533 16 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1533 17 by by IN 34457 1533 18 Müller mã¼ller NN 34457 1533 19 and and CC 34457 1533 20 Kaufmann Kaufmann NNP 34457 1533 21 , , , 34457 1533 22 the the DT 34457 1533 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 1533 24 being be VBG 34457 1533 25 expressed express VBN 34457 1533 26 in in IN 34457 1533 27 gram gram NN 34457 1533 28 - - HYPH 34457 1533 29 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1533 30 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 1533 31 } } -RRB- 34457 1533 32 in in IN 34457 1533 33 100 100 CD 34457 1533 34 gram gram NN 34457 1533 35 - - HYPH 34457 1533 36 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1533 37 of of IN 34457 1533 38 water water NN 34457 1533 39 . . . 34457 1534 1 In in IN 34457 1534 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1534 3 . . . 34457 1535 1 27 27 CD 34457 1535 2 these these DT 34457 1535 3 results result NNS 34457 1535 4 are be VBP 34457 1535 5 represented represent VBN 34457 1535 6 graphically graphically RB 34457 1535 7 . . . 34457 1536 1 The the DT 34457 1536 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1536 3 point point NN 34457 1536 4 was be VBD 34457 1536 5 approached approach VBN 34457 1536 6 both both DT 34457 1536 7 from from IN 34457 1536 8 the the DT 34457 1536 9 side side NN 34457 1536 10 of of IN 34457 1536 11 unsaturation unsaturation NN 34457 1536 12 and and CC 34457 1536 13 of of IN 34457 1536 14 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 1536 15 , , , 34457 1536 16 and and CC 34457 1536 17 the the DT 34457 1536 18 condition condition NN 34457 1536 19 of of IN 34457 1536 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1536 21 was be VBD 34457 1536 22 controlled control VBN 34457 1536 23 by by IN 34457 1536 24 determinations determination NNS 34457 1536 25 of of IN 34457 1536 26 the the DT 34457 1536 27 density density NN 34457 1536 28 of of IN 34457 1536 29 the the DT 34457 1536 30 solution solution NN 34457 1536 31 . . . 34457 1537 1 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 1537 2 OF of IN 34457 1537 3 AMMONIUM AMMONIUM NNP 34457 1537 4 NITRATE NITRATE NNP 34457 1537 5 . . . 34457 1538 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 1538 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1538 3 . . . 34457 1539 1 | | NNP 34457 1539 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1539 3 . . . 34457 1540 1 | | NNS 34457 1540 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1540 3 . . . 34457 1541 1 | | NNP 34457 1541 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1541 3 . . . 34457 1542 1 --------------+-------------+--------------+---------------- --------------+-------------+--------------+---------------- NFP 34457 1542 2 12.2 12.2â CD 34457 1542 3 ° ° , 34457 1542 4 | | CD 34457 1542 5 34.50 34.50 CD 34457 1542 6 | | CD 34457 1542 7 32.7 32.7â CD 34457 1542 8 ° ° , 34457 1542 9 | | CD 34457 1542 10 57.90 57.90 CD 34457 1542 11 20.2 20.2â CD 34457 1542 12 ° ° , 34457 1542 13 | | CD 34457 1542 14 43.30 43.30 CD 34457 1542 15 | | CD 34457 1542 16 34.0 34.0â CD 34457 1542 17 ° ° , 34457 1542 18 | | CD 34457 1542 19 58.89 58.89 CD 34457 1542 20 25.05 25.05â CD 34457 1542 21 ° ° , 34457 1542 22 | | CD 34457 1542 23 48.19 48.19 CD 34457 1542 24 | | CD 34457 1542 25 35.0 35.0â CD 34457 1542 26 ° ° , 34457 1542 27 | | CD 34457 1542 28 59.80 59.80 CD 34457 1542 29 28.0 28.0â CD 34457 1542 30 ° ° , 34457 1542 31 | | CD 34457 1542 32 51.86 51.86 CD 34457 1542 33 | | CD 34457 1542 34 36.0 36.0â CD 34457 1542 35 ° ° , 34457 1542 36 | | CD 34457 1542 37 61.00 61.00 CD 34457 1542 38 30.0 30.0â CD 34457 1542 39 ° ° , 34457 1542 40 | | CD 34457 1542 41 54.40 54.40 CD 34457 1542 42 | | CD 34457 1542 43 37.5 37.5â CD 34457 1542 44 ° ° , 34457 1542 45 | | NNP 34457 1542 46 62.90 62.90 CD 34457 1542 47 30.2 30.2â CD 34457 1542 48 ° ° , 34457 1542 49 | | CD 34457 1542 50 54.61 54.61 CD 34457 1542 51 | | CD 34457 1542 52 38.0 38.0â CD 34457 1542 53 ° ° , 34457 1542 54 | | CD 34457 1542 55 63.60 63.60 CD 34457 1542 56 31.9 31.9â CD 34457 1542 57 ° ° , 34457 1542 58 | | NNP 34457 1542 59 57.20 57.20 CD 34457 1542 60 | | CD 34457 1542 61 39.0 39.0â CD 34457 1542 62 ° ° , 34457 1542 63 | | CD 34457 1542 64 65.09 65.09 CD 34457 1542 65 32.1 32.1â CD 34457 1542 66 ° ° , 34457 1542 67 | | NNP 34457 1542 68 57.60 57.60 CD 34457 1542 69 | | CD 34457 1542 70 40.0 40.0â CD 34457 1542 71 ° ° , 34457 1542 72 | | CD 34457 1542 73 66.80 66.80 CD 34457 1542 74 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 1542 75 From from IN 34457 1542 76 the the DT 34457 1542 77 graphic graphic JJ 34457 1542 78 representation representation NN 34457 1542 79 of of IN 34457 1542 80 the the DT 34457 1542 81 solubility solubility NN 34457 1542 82 given give VBN 34457 1542 83 in in IN 34457 1542 84 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1542 85 . . . 34457 1543 1 27 27 CD 34457 1543 2 , , , 34457 1543 3 there there EX 34457 1543 4 is be VBZ 34457 1543 5 seen see VBN 34457 1543 6 to to TO 34457 1543 7 be be VB 34457 1543 8 a a DT 34457 1543 9 distinct distinct JJ 34457 1543 10 change change NN 34457 1543 11 in in IN 34457 1543 12 the the DT 34457 1543 13 direction direction NN 34457 1543 14 of of IN 34457 1543 15 the the DT 34457 1543 16 curve curve NN 34457 1543 17 at at IN 34457 1543 18 a a DT 34457 1543 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1543 20 of of IN 34457 1543 21 32 32â CD 34457 1543 22 ° ° NNS 34457 1543 23 ; ; , 34457 1543 24 and and CC 34457 1543 25 this this DT 34457 1543 26 break break NN 34457 1543 27 in in IN 34457 1543 28 the the DT 34457 1543 29 curve curve NN 34457 1543 30 corresponds correspond NNS 34457 1543 31 to to IN 34457 1543 32 the the DT 34457 1543 33 transition transition NN 34457 1543 34 of of IN 34457 1543 35 the the DT 34457 1543 36 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1543 37 beta]-rhombic beta]-rhombic NN 34457 1543 38 into into IN 34457 1543 39 the the DT 34457 1543 40 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1543 41 alpha]-rhombic alpha]-rhombic NN 34457 1543 42 form form NN 34457 1543 43 of of IN 34457 1543 44 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 1543 45 nitrate nitrate NN 34457 1543 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1543 47 p. p. NN 34457 1543 48 63 63 CD 34457 1543 49 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1543 50 . . . 34457 1544 1 Suspended Suspended NNP 34457 1544 2 Transformation Transformation NNP 34457 1544 3 and and CC 34457 1544 4 Supersaturation.--As Supersaturation.--As NNP 34457 1544 5 has have VBZ 34457 1544 6 already already RB 34457 1544 7 been be VBN 34457 1544 8 learned learn VBN 34457 1544 9 , , , 34457 1544 10 the the DT 34457 1544 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 1544 12 of of IN 34457 1544 13 the the DT 34457 1544 14 one one CD 34457 1544 15 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1544 16 form form NN 34457 1544 17 into into IN 34457 1544 18 the the DT 34457 1544 19 other other JJ 34457 1544 20 does do VBZ 34457 1544 21 not not RB 34457 1544 22 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1544 23 take take VB 34457 1544 24 place place NN 34457 1544 25 immediately immediately RB 34457 1544 26 the the DT 34457 1544 27 transition transition NN 34457 1544 28 point point NN 34457 1544 29 has have VBZ 34457 1544 30 been be VBN 34457 1544 31 passed pass VBN 34457 1544 32 ; ; : 34457 1544 33 and and CC 34457 1544 34 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1544 35 has have VBZ 34457 1544 36 therefore therefore RB 34457 1544 37 been be VBN 34457 1544 38 found find VBN 34457 1544 39 possible possible JJ 34457 1544 40 in in IN 34457 1544 41 a a DT 34457 1544 42 number number NN 34457 1544 43 of of IN 34457 1544 44 cases case NNS 34457 1544 45 to to TO 34457 1544 46 follow follow VB 34457 1544 47 the the DT 34457 1544 48 solubility solubility NN 34457 1544 49 curve curve NN 34457 1544 50 of of IN 34457 1544 51 a a DT 34457 1544 52 given give VBN 34457 1544 53 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1544 54 form form NN 34457 1544 55 beyond beyond IN 34457 1544 56 the the DT 34457 1544 57 point point NN 34457 1544 58 at at IN 34457 1544 59 which which WDT 34457 1544 60 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1544 61 ceases cease VBZ 34457 1544 62 to to TO 34457 1544 63 be be VB 34457 1544 64 the the DT 34457 1544 65 most most RBS 34457 1544 66 stable stable JJ 34457 1544 67 modification modification NN 34457 1544 68 . . . 34457 1545 1 Now now RB 34457 1545 2 , , , 34457 1545 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1545 4 will will MD 34457 1545 5 be be VB 34457 1545 6 readily readily RB 34457 1545 7 seen see VBN 34457 1545 8 from from IN 34457 1545 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1545 10 . . . 34457 1546 1 27 27 CD 34457 1546 2 that that IN 34457 1546 3 if if IN 34457 1546 4 the the DT 34457 1546 5 two two CD 34457 1546 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1546 7 curves curve NNS 34457 1546 8 be be VB 34457 1546 9 prolonged prolong VBN 34457 1546 10 beyond beyond IN 34457 1546 11 the the DT 34457 1546 12 point point NN 34457 1546 13 of of IN 34457 1546 14 intersection intersection NN 34457 1546 15 , , , 34457 1546 16 the the DT 34457 1546 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 1546 18 of of IN 34457 1546 19 the the DT 34457 1546 20 less less RBR 34457 1546 21 stable stable JJ 34457 1546 22 form form NN 34457 1546 23 is be VBZ 34457 1546 24 greater great JJR 34457 1546 25 than than IN 34457 1546 26 that that DT 34457 1546 27 of of IN 34457 1546 28 the the DT 34457 1546 29 more more RBR 34457 1546 30 stable stable JJ 34457 1546 31 . . . 34457 1547 1 A a DT 34457 1547 2 solution solution NN 34457 1547 3 , , , 34457 1547 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1547 5 , , , 34457 1547 6 which which WDT 34457 1547 7 is be VBZ 34457 1547 8 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1547 9 with with IN 34457 1547 10 respect respect NN 34457 1547 11 to to IN 34457 1547 12 the the DT 34457 1547 13 less less RBR 34457 1547 14 stable stable JJ 34457 1547 15 form form NN 34457 1547 16 , , , 34457 1547 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1547 18 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1547 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1547 20 which which WDT 34457 1547 21 is be VBZ 34457 1547 22 in in IN 34457 1547 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1547 24 with with IN 34457 1547 25 that that DT 34457 1547 26 form form NN 34457 1547 27 , , , 34457 1547 28 is be VBZ 34457 1547 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1547 30 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1547 31 with with IN 34457 1547 32 respect respect NN 34457 1547 33 to to IN 34457 1547 34 the the DT 34457 1547 35 more more RBR 34457 1547 36 stable stable JJ 34457 1547 37 modification modification NN 34457 1547 38 _ _ NNP 34457 1547 39 . . . 34457 1548 1 If if IN 34457 1548 2 , , , 34457 1548 3 { { -LRB- 34457 1548 4 114 114 CD 34457 1548 5 } } -RRB- 34457 1548 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 1548 7 , , , 34457 1548 8 a a DT 34457 1548 9 small small JJ 34457 1548 10 quantity quantity NN 34457 1548 11 of of IN 34457 1548 12 the the DT 34457 1548 13 more more RBR 34457 1548 14 stable stable JJ 34457 1548 15 form form NN 34457 1548 16 is be VBZ 34457 1548 17 introduced introduce VBN 34457 1548 18 into into IN 34457 1548 19 the the DT 34457 1548 20 solution solution NN 34457 1548 21 , , , 34457 1548 22 the the DT 34457 1548 23 latter latter NN 34457 1548 24 must must MD 34457 1548 25 deposit deposit VB 34457 1548 26 such such PDT 34457 1548 27 an an DT 34457 1548 28 amount amount NN 34457 1548 29 of of IN 34457 1548 30 the the DT 34457 1548 31 more more RBR 34457 1548 32 stable stable JJ 34457 1548 33 form form NN 34457 1548 34 that that WDT 34457 1548 35 the the DT 34457 1548 36 concentration concentration NN 34457 1548 37 of of IN 34457 1548 38 the the DT 34457 1548 39 solution solution NN 34457 1548 40 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 1548 41 to to IN 34457 1548 42 the the DT 34457 1548 43 solubility solubility NN 34457 1548 44 of of IN 34457 1548 45 the the DT 34457 1548 46 stable stable JJ 34457 1548 47 form form NN 34457 1548 48 at at IN 34457 1548 49 the the DT 34457 1548 50 particular particular JJ 34457 1548 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 1548 52 . . . 34457 1549 1 Since since IN 34457 1549 2 , , , 34457 1549 3 however however RB 34457 1549 4 , , , 34457 1549 5 the the DT 34457 1549 6 solution solution NN 34457 1549 7 is be VBZ 34457 1549 8 now now RB 34457 1549 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1549 10 unsaturated unsaturate VBN 34457 1549 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1549 12 with with IN 34457 1549 13 respect respect NN 34457 1549 14 to to IN 34457 1549 15 the the DT 34457 1549 16 less less RBR 34457 1549 17 stable stable JJ 34457 1549 18 variety variety NN 34457 1549 19 , , , 34457 1549 20 the the DT 34457 1549 21 latter latter JJ 34457 1549 22 , , , 34457 1549 23 if if IN 34457 1549 24 present present JJ 34457 1549 25 , , , 34457 1549 26 must must MD 34457 1549 27 pass pass VB 34457 1549 28 into into IN 34457 1549 29 solution solution NN 34457 1549 30 ; ; : 34457 1549 31 and and CC 34457 1549 32 the the DT 34457 1549 33 two two CD 34457 1549 34 processes process NNS 34457 1549 35 , , , 34457 1549 36 deposition deposition NN 34457 1549 37 of of IN 34457 1549 38 the the DT 34457 1549 39 stable stable JJ 34457 1549 40 and and CC 34457 1549 41 solution solution NN 34457 1549 42 of of IN 34457 1549 43 the the DT 34457 1549 44 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1549 45 form form NN 34457 1549 46 , , , 34457 1549 47 must must MD 34457 1549 48 go go VB 34457 1549 49 on on RP 34457 1549 50 until until IN 34457 1549 51 the the DT 34457 1549 52 latter latter JJ 34457 1549 53 form form NN 34457 1549 54 has have VBZ 34457 1549 55 entirely entirely RB 34457 1549 56 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1549 57 and and CC 34457 1549 58 a a DT 34457 1549 59 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1549 60 solution solution NN 34457 1549 61 of of IN 34457 1549 62 the the DT 34457 1549 63 stable stable JJ 34457 1549 64 form form NN 34457 1549 65 is be VBZ 34457 1549 66 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1549 67 . . . 34457 1550 1 There there EX 34457 1550 2 will will MD 34457 1550 3 thus thus RB 34457 1550 4 be be VB 34457 1550 5 a a DT 34457 1550 6 conversion conversion NN 34457 1550 7 , , , 34457 1550 8 through through IN 34457 1550 9 the the DT 34457 1550 10 medium medium NN 34457 1550 11 of of IN 34457 1550 12 the the DT 34457 1550 13 solvent solvent NN 34457 1550 14 , , , 34457 1550 15 of of IN 34457 1550 16 the the DT 34457 1550 17 less less RBR 34457 1550 18 stable stable JJ 34457 1550 19 into into IN 34457 1550 20 the the DT 34457 1550 21 more more RBR 34457 1550 22 stable stable JJ 34457 1550 23 modification modification NN 34457 1550 24 . . . 34457 1551 1 This this DT 34457 1551 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1551 3 is be VBZ 34457 1551 4 of of IN 34457 1551 5 practical practical JJ 34457 1551 6 importance importance NN 34457 1551 7 in in IN 34457 1551 8 the the DT 34457 1551 9 determination determination NN 34457 1551 10 of of IN 34457 1551 11 transition transition NN 34457 1551 12 points point NNS 34457 1551 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1551 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1551 15 v. v. IN 34457 1551 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1551 17 Appendix Appendix NNP 34457 1551 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1551 19 . . . 34457 1552 1 From from IN 34457 1552 2 the the DT 34457 1552 3 above above JJ 34457 1552 4 discussion discussion NN 34457 1552 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1552 6 will will MD 34457 1552 7 be be VB 34457 1552 8 seen see VBN 34457 1552 9 how how WRB 34457 1552 10 important important JJ 34457 1552 11 is be VBZ 34457 1552 12 the the DT 34457 1552 13 statement statement NN 34457 1552 14 of of IN 34457 1552 15 the the DT 34457 1552 16 solid solid JJ 34457 1552 17 phase phase NN 34457 1552 18 for for IN 34457 1552 19 the the DT 34457 1552 20 definition definition NN 34457 1552 21 of of IN 34457 1552 22 saturation saturation NN 34457 1552 23 and and CC 34457 1552 24 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 1552 25 . . . 34457 1553 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1553 2 189 189 CD 34457 1553 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1553 4 Solubility solubility NN 34457 1553 5 Curve Curve NNP 34457 1553 6 at at IN 34457 1553 7 Higher high JJR 34457 1553 8 Temperatures.--On Temperatures.--On NNS 34457 1553 9 passing pass VBG 34457 1553 10 to to IN 34457 1553 11 the the DT 34457 1553 12 consideration consideration NN 34457 1553 13 of of IN 34457 1553 14 the the DT 34457 1553 15 solubility solubility NN 34457 1553 16 curves curve NNS 34457 1553 17 at at IN 34457 1553 18 higher high JJR 34457 1553 19 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1553 20 , , , 34457 1553 21 two two CD 34457 1553 22 chief chief JJ 34457 1553 23 cases case NNS 34457 1553 24 must must MD 34457 1553 25 be be VB 34457 1553 26 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 1553 27 . . . 34457 1554 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1554 2 1 1 LS 34457 1554 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1554 4 The the DT 34457 1554 5 two two CD 34457 1554 6 components component NNS 34457 1554 7 in in IN 34457 1554 8 the the DT 34457 1554 9 fused fuse VBN 34457 1554 10 state state NN 34457 1554 11 can can MD 34457 1554 12 mix mix VB 34457 1554 13 in in IN 34457 1554 14 all all DT 34457 1554 15 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1554 16 . . . 34457 1555 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1555 2 2 2 LS 34457 1555 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1555 4 The the DT 34457 1555 5 two two CD 34457 1555 6 components component NNS 34457 1555 7 in in IN 34457 1555 8 the the DT 34457 1555 9 fused fuse VBN 34457 1555 10 state state NN 34457 1555 11 can can MD 34457 1555 12 not not RB 34457 1555 13 mix mix VB 34457 1555 14 in in IN 34457 1555 15 all all DT 34457 1555 16 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1555 17 . . . 34457 1556 1 1 1 LS 34457 1556 2 . . . 34457 1557 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1557 2 Complete Complete NNP 34457 1557 3 Miscibility Miscibility NNP 34457 1557 4 of of IN 34457 1557 5 the the DT 34457 1557 6 Fused Fused NNP 34457 1557 7 Components Components NNP 34457 1557 8 . . . 34457 1557 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1557 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1557 11 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1557 12 : : : 34457 1557 13 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1557 14 . . . 34457 1558 1 28 28 CD 34457 1558 2 . . . 34457 1558 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1559 1 The the DT 34457 1559 2 best good JJS 34457 1559 3 example example NN 34457 1559 4 of of IN 34457 1559 5 this this DT 34457 1559 6 which which WDT 34457 1559 7 has have VBZ 34457 1559 8 been be VBN 34457 1559 9 studied study VBN 34457 1559 10 , , , 34457 1559 11 so so RB 34457 1559 12 far far RB 34457 1559 13 as as IN 34457 1559 14 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1559 15 salts salt NNS 34457 1559 16 and and CC 34457 1559 17 water water NN 34457 1559 18 are be VBP 34457 1559 19 concerned concern VBN 34457 1559 20 , , , 34457 1559 21 is be VBZ 34457 1559 22 that that DT 34457 1559 23 of of IN 34457 1559 24 silver silver NN 34457 1559 25 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1559 26 and and CC 34457 1559 27 water water NN 34457 1559 28 . . . 34457 1560 1 The the DT 34457 1560 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1560 3 of of IN 34457 1560 4 this this DT 34457 1560 5 salt salt NN 34457 1560 6 at at IN 34457 1560 7 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1560 8 { { -LRB- 34457 1560 9 115 115 CD 34457 1560 10 } } -RRB- 34457 1560 11 above above IN 34457 1560 12 100 100â CD 34457 1560 13 ° ° NNS 34457 1560 14 has have VBZ 34457 1560 15 been be VBN 34457 1560 16 studied study VBN 34457 1560 17 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 1560 18 by by IN 34457 1560 19 Etard[190 etard[190 CD 34457 1560 20 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1560 21 and and CC 34457 1560 22 by by IN 34457 1560 23 Tilden Tilden NNP 34457 1560 24 and and CC 34457 1560 25 Shenstone Shenstone NNP 34457 1560 26 . . . 34457 1561 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1561 2 191 191 CD 34457 1561 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1561 4 The the DT 34457 1561 5 values value NNS 34457 1561 6 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1561 7 by by IN 34457 1561 8 Etard Etard NNP 34457 1561 9 are be VBP 34457 1561 10 given give VBN 34457 1561 11 in in IN 34457 1561 12 the the DT 34457 1561 13 following follow VBG 34457 1561 14 table table NN 34457 1561 15 , , , 34457 1561 16 and and CC 34457 1561 17 represented represent VBD 34457 1561 18 graphically graphically RB 34457 1561 19 in in IN 34457 1561 20 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1561 21 . . . 34457 1562 1 28 28 CD 34457 1562 2 . . . 34457 1563 1 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 1563 2 OF of IN 34457 1563 3 SILVER SILVER NNP 34457 1563 4 NITRATE NITRATE NNP 34457 1563 5 . . . 34457 1564 1 --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1564 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1564 3 . . . 34457 1565 1 |Parts |part NNS 34457 1565 2 of of IN 34457 1565 3 dry dry JJ 34457 1565 4 salt salt NN 34457 1565 5 in in IN 34457 1565 6 100 100 CD 34457 1565 7 parts part NNS 34457 1565 8 | | NNS 34457 1565 9 of of IN 34457 1565 10 solution solution NN 34457 1565 11 . . . 34457 1566 1 --------------------+------------------------------ --------------------+------------------------------ : 34457 1566 2 -7 -7 `` 34457 1566 3 ° ° , 34457 1566 4 | | NNP 34457 1566 5 46.2 46.2 CD 34457 1566 6 -1 -1 : 34457 1566 7 ° ° , 34457 1566 8 | | CD 34457 1566 9 52.1 52.1 CD 34457 1566 10 +5 +5 NNP 34457 1566 11 ° ° , 34457 1566 12 | | CD 34457 1566 13 56.3 56.3 CD 34457 1566 14 10 10 NNS 34457 1566 15 ° ° , 34457 1566 16 | | CD 34457 1566 17 61.2 61.2 CD 34457 1566 18 20 20â CD 34457 1566 19 ° ° , 34457 1566 20 | | CD 34457 1566 21 67.8 67.8 CD 34457 1566 22 40.5 40.5â CD 34457 1566 23 ° ° , 34457 1566 24 | | NNP 34457 1566 25 76.8 76.8 CD 34457 1566 26 73 73 NNP 34457 1566 27 ° ° , 34457 1566 28 | | CD 34457 1566 29 84.0 84.0 CD 34457 1566 30 135 135â CD 34457 1566 31 ° ° , 34457 1566 32 | | CD 34457 1566 33 92.8 92.8 CD 34457 1566 34 182 182â CD 34457 1566 35 ° ° , 34457 1566 36 | | CD 34457 1566 37 96.9 96.9 CD 34457 1566 38 --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1566 39 In in IN 34457 1566 40 this this DT 34457 1566 41 figure figure NN 34457 1566 42 the the DT 34457 1566 43 composition composition NN 34457 1566 44 of of IN 34457 1566 45 the the DT 34457 1566 46 solution solution NN 34457 1566 47 is be VBZ 34457 1566 48 expressed express VBN 34457 1566 49 in in IN 34457 1566 50 parts part NNS 34457 1566 51 of of IN 34457 1566 52 silver silver NN 34457 1566 53 nitrate nitrate VBP 34457 1566 54 in in IN 34457 1566 55 100 100 CD 34457 1566 56 parts part NNS 34457 1566 57 by by IN 34457 1566 58 weight weight NN 34457 1566 59 of of IN 34457 1566 60 the the DT 34457 1566 61 solution solution NN 34457 1566 62 , , , 34457 1566 63 so so IN 34457 1566 64 that that IN 34457 1566 65 100 100 CD 34457 1566 66 per per NN 34457 1566 67 cent cent NN 34457 1566 68 . . . 34457 1567 1 represents represent VBZ 34457 1567 2 pure pure JJ 34457 1567 3 silver silver NN 34457 1567 4 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1567 5 . . . 34457 1568 1 As as IN 34457 1568 2 can can MD 34457 1568 3 be be VB 34457 1568 4 seen see VBN 34457 1568 5 , , , 34457 1568 6 the the DT 34457 1568 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 1568 8 increases increase VBZ 34457 1568 9 with with IN 34457 1568 10 the the DT 34457 1568 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1568 12 . . . 34457 1569 1 At at IN 34457 1569 2 a a DT 34457 1569 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1569 4 of of IN 34457 1569 5 about about IN 34457 1569 6 160 160â CD 34457 1569 7 ° ° NNS 34457 1569 8 there there EX 34457 1569 9 should should MD 34457 1569 10 be be VB 34457 1569 11 a a DT 34457 1569 12 break break NN 34457 1569 13 in in IN 34457 1569 14 the the DT 34457 1569 15 curve curve NN 34457 1569 16 due due IN 34457 1569 17 to to IN 34457 1569 18 change change NN 34457 1569 19 of of IN 34457 1569 20 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1569 21 form form NN 34457 1569 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1569 23 p. p. NN 34457 1569 24 63 63 CD 34457 1569 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1569 26 . . . 34457 1570 1 Such such PDT 34457 1570 2 a a DT 34457 1570 3 change change NN 34457 1570 4 in in IN 34457 1570 5 the the DT 34457 1570 6 direction direction NN 34457 1570 7 of of IN 34457 1570 8 the the DT 34457 1570 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 1570 10 curve curve NN 34457 1570 11 , , , 34457 1570 12 however however RB 34457 1570 13 , , , 34457 1570 14 does do VBZ 34457 1570 15 not not RB 34457 1570 16 in in IN 34457 1570 17 any any DT 34457 1570 18 way way NN 34457 1570 19 alter alter VB 34457 1570 20 the the DT 34457 1570 21 essential essential JJ 34457 1570 22 nature nature NN 34457 1570 23 of of IN 34457 1570 24 the the DT 34457 1570 25 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1570 26 discussed discuss VBN 34457 1570 27 here here RB 34457 1570 28 , , , 34457 1570 29 and and CC 34457 1570 30 may may MD 34457 1570 31 for for IN 34457 1570 32 the the DT 34457 1570 33 present present NN 34457 1570 34 be be VB 34457 1570 35 left leave VBN 34457 1570 36 out out IN 34457 1570 37 of of IN 34457 1570 38 account account NN 34457 1570 39 . . . 34457 1571 1 On on IN 34457 1571 2 following follow VBG 34457 1571 3 the the DT 34457 1571 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 1571 5 curve curve NN 34457 1571 6 of of IN 34457 1571 7 silver silver NN 34457 1571 8 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1571 9 to to IN 34457 1571 10 higher high JJR 34457 1571 11 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1571 12 , , , 34457 1571 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 1571 14 , , , 34457 1571 15 the the DT 34457 1571 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 1571 17 of of IN 34457 1571 18 silver silver NN 34457 1571 19 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1571 20 in in IN 34457 1571 21 the the DT 34457 1571 22 solution solution NN 34457 1571 23 gradually gradually RB 34457 1571 24 increases increase VBZ 34457 1571 25 , , , 34457 1571 26 until until IN 34457 1571 27 at at IN 34457 1571 28 last last JJ 34457 1571 29 , , , 34457 1571 30 at at IN 34457 1571 31 a a DT 34457 1571 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 1571 33 of of IN 34457 1571 34 208 208â CD 34457 1571 35 ° ° NNS 34457 1571 36 ,[192 ,[192 , 34457 1571 37 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1571 38 the the DT 34457 1571 39 melting melting NN 34457 1571 40 point point NN 34457 1571 41 of of IN 34457 1571 42 pure pure JJ 34457 1571 43 silver silver NN 34457 1571 44 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1571 45 is be VBZ 34457 1571 46 reached reach VBN 34457 1571 47 , , , 34457 1571 48 and and CC 34457 1571 49 the the DT 34457 1571 50 concentration concentration NN 34457 1571 51 of of IN 34457 1571 52 the the DT 34457 1571 53 water water NN 34457 1571 54 has have VBZ 34457 1571 55 become become VBN 34457 1571 56 zero zero CD 34457 1571 57 . . . 34457 1572 1 The the DT 34457 1572 2 curve curve NN 34457 1572 3 throughout throughout IN 34457 1572 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1572 5 whole whole JJ 34457 1572 6 extent extent NN 34457 1572 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 1572 8 the the DT 34457 1572 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1572 10 between between IN 34457 1572 11 silver silver NN 34457 1572 12 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1572 13 , , , 34457 1572 14 solution solution NN 34457 1572 15 , , , 34457 1572 16 and and CC 34457 1572 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1572 18 . . . 34457 1573 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1573 2 , , , 34457 1573 3 starting start VBG 34457 1573 4 with with IN 34457 1573 5 pure pure JJ 34457 1573 6 silver silver NN 34457 1573 7 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1573 8 in in IN 34457 1573 9 contact contact NN 34457 1573 10 with with IN 34457 1573 11 the the DT 34457 1573 12 fused fuse VBN 34457 1573 13 salt salt NN 34457 1573 14 , , , 34457 1573 15 addition addition NN 34457 1573 16 of of IN 34457 1573 17 water water NN 34457 1573 18 will will MD 34457 1573 19 lower lower VB 34457 1573 20 the the DT 34457 1573 21 melting melting NN 34457 1573 22 point point NN 34457 1573 23 , , , 34457 1573 24 _ _ NNP 34457 1573 25 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1573 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1573 27 will will MD 34457 1573 28 lower lower VB 34457 1573 29 the the DT 34457 1573 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 1573 31 at at IN 34457 1573 32 which which WDT 34457 1573 33 the the DT 34457 1573 34 solid solid JJ 34457 1573 35 salt salt NN 34457 1573 36 can can MD 34457 1573 37 exist exist VB 34457 1573 38 in in IN 34457 1573 39 contact contact NN 34457 1573 40 with with IN 34457 1573 41 the the DT 34457 1573 42 liquid liquid NN 34457 1573 43 ; ; : 34457 1573 44 { { -LRB- 34457 1573 45 116 116 CD 34457 1573 46 } } -RRB- 34457 1573 47 and and CC 34457 1573 48 the the DT 34457 1573 49 depression depression NN 34457 1573 50 will will MD 34457 1573 51 be be VB 34457 1573 52 all all PDT 34457 1573 53 the the DT 34457 1573 54 greater great JJR 34457 1573 55 the the DT 34457 1573 56 larger large JJR 34457 1573 57 the the DT 34457 1573 58 amount amount NN 34457 1573 59 of of IN 34457 1573 60 water water NN 34457 1573 61 added add VBN 34457 1573 62 . . . 34457 1574 1 As as IN 34457 1574 2 the the DT 34457 1574 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 1574 4 of of IN 34457 1574 5 the the DT 34457 1574 6 water water NN 34457 1574 7 in in IN 34457 1574 8 the the DT 34457 1574 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1574 10 phase phase NN 34457 1574 11 is be VBZ 34457 1574 12 increased increase VBN 34457 1574 13 , , , 34457 1574 14 therefore therefore RB 34457 1574 15 , , , 34457 1574 16 the the DT 34457 1574 17 system system NN 34457 1574 18 will will MD 34457 1574 19 pass pass VB 34457 1574 20 back back RB 34457 1574 21 along along IN 34457 1574 22 the the DT 34457 1574 23 curve curve NN 34457 1574 24 from from IN 34457 1574 25 higher high JJR 34457 1574 26 to to IN 34457 1574 27 lower low JJR 34457 1574 28 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1574 29 , , , 34457 1574 30 and and CC 34457 1574 31 from from IN 34457 1574 32 greater great JJR 34457 1574 33 to to TO 34457 1574 34 smaller small JJR 34457 1574 35 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 1574 36 of of IN 34457 1574 37 silver silver NN 34457 1574 38 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1574 39 in in IN 34457 1574 40 the the DT 34457 1574 41 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1574 42 phase phase NN 34457 1574 43 . . . 34457 1575 1 The the DT 34457 1575 2 curve curve NN 34457 1575 3 in in IN 34457 1575 4 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1575 5 . . . 34457 1576 1 28 28 CD 34457 1576 2 may may MD 34457 1576 3 , , , 34457 1576 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1576 5 , , , 34457 1576 6 be be VB 34457 1576 7 regarded regard VBN 34457 1576 8 either either CC 34457 1576 9 as as IN 34457 1576 10 the the DT 34457 1576 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 1576 12 curve curve NN 34457 1576 13 of of IN 34457 1576 14 silver silver NN 34457 1576 15 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1576 16 in in IN 34457 1576 17 water water NN 34457 1576 18 , , , 34457 1576 19 or or CC 34457 1576 20 as as IN 34457 1576 21 the the DT 34457 1576 22 freezing freezing NN 34457 1576 23 point point NN 34457 1576 24 curve curve NN 34457 1576 25 for for IN 34457 1576 26 silver silver NN 34457 1576 27 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1576 28 in in IN 34457 1576 29 contact contact NN 34457 1576 30 with with IN 34457 1576 31 a a DT 34457 1576 32 solution solution NN 34457 1576 33 consisting consist VBG 34457 1576 34 of of IN 34457 1576 35 that that DT 34457 1576 36 salt salt NN 34457 1576 37 and and CC 34457 1576 38 water water NN 34457 1576 39 . . . 34457 1577 1 As as IN 34457 1577 2 the the DT 34457 1577 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1577 4 of of IN 34457 1577 5 the the DT 34457 1577 6 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1577 7 solution solution NN 34457 1577 8 falls fall NNS 34457 1577 9 , , , 34457 1577 10 silver silver NN 34457 1577 11 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1577 12 is be VBZ 34457 1577 13 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1577 14 , , , 34457 1577 15 and and CC 34457 1577 16 on on IN 34457 1577 17 lowering lower VBG 34457 1577 18 the the DT 34457 1577 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1577 20 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 1577 21 a a DT 34457 1577 22 point point NN 34457 1577 23 will will MD 34457 1577 24 at at IN 34457 1577 25 last last JJ 34457 1577 26 be be VB 34457 1577 27 reached reach VBN 34457 1577 28 at at IN 34457 1577 29 which which WDT 34457 1577 30 ice ice NN 34457 1577 31 also also RB 34457 1577 32 begins begin VBZ 34457 1577 33 to to TO 34457 1577 34 separate separate VB 34457 1577 35 out out RP 34457 1577 36 . . . 34457 1578 1 Since since IN 34457 1578 2 there there EX 34457 1578 3 are be VBP 34457 1578 4 now now RB 34457 1578 5 four four CD 34457 1578 6 phases phase NNS 34457 1578 7 co co JJ 34457 1578 8 - - JJ 34457 1578 9 existing existing JJ 34457 1578 10 , , , 34457 1578 11 viz viz NN 34457 1578 12 . . . 34457 1579 1 silver silver NNP 34457 1579 2 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1579 3 , , , 34457 1579 4 ice ice NN 34457 1579 5 , , , 34457 1579 6 solution solution NN 34457 1579 7 , , , 34457 1579 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 1579 9 , , , 34457 1579 10 the the DT 34457 1579 11 system system NN 34457 1579 12 is be VBZ 34457 1579 13 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1579 14 , , , 34457 1579 15 and and CC 34457 1579 16 the the DT 34457 1579 17 point point NN 34457 1579 18 is be VBZ 34457 1579 19 a a DT 34457 1579 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1579 21 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1579 22 point point NN 34457 1579 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1579 24 . . . 34457 1580 1 This this DT 34457 1580 2 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1580 3 point point NN 34457 1580 4 , , , 34457 1580 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1580 6 , , , 34457 1580 7 forms form VBZ 34457 1580 8 the the DT 34457 1580 9 lower low JJR 34457 1580 10 limit limit NN 34457 1580 11 of of IN 34457 1580 12 the the DT 34457 1580 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 1580 14 curve curve NN 34457 1580 15 of of IN 34457 1580 16 silver silver NN 34457 1580 17 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1580 18 . . . 34457 1581 1 Below below IN 34457 1581 2 this this DT 34457 1581 3 point point NN 34457 1581 4 the the DT 34457 1581 5 solution solution NN 34457 1581 6 becomes become VBZ 34457 1581 7 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1581 8 . . . 34457 1582 1 Ice ice VB 34457 1582 2 as as IN 34457 1582 3 Solid solid JJ 34457 1582 4 Phase.--Ice Phase.--Ice NNP 34457 1582 5 melts melt NNS 34457 1582 6 or or CC 34457 1582 7 is be VBZ 34457 1582 8 in in IN 34457 1582 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1582 10 with with IN 34457 1582 11 water water NN 34457 1582 12 at at IN 34457 1582 13 a a DT 34457 1582 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 1582 15 of of IN 34457 1582 16 0 0â NN 34457 1582 17 ° ° NNS 34457 1582 18 . . . 34457 1583 1 The the DT 34457 1583 2 melting melting NN 34457 1583 3 point point NN 34457 1583 4 , , , 34457 1583 5 will will MD 34457 1583 6 , , , 34457 1583 7 however however RB 34457 1583 8 , , , 34457 1583 9 be be VB 34457 1583 10 lowered lower VBN 34457 1583 11 by by IN 34457 1583 12 the the DT 34457 1583 13 solution solution NN 34457 1583 14 of of IN 34457 1583 15 silver silver NN 34457 1583 16 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1583 17 in in IN 34457 1583 18 the the DT 34457 1583 19 water water NN 34457 1583 20 ; ; : 34457 1583 21 and and CC 34457 1583 22 the the DT 34457 1583 23 greater great JJR 34457 1583 24 the the DT 34457 1583 25 concentration concentration NN 34457 1583 26 of of IN 34457 1583 27 the the DT 34457 1583 28 salt salt NN 34457 1583 29 in in IN 34457 1583 30 the the DT 34457 1583 31 solution solution NN 34457 1583 32 the the DT 34457 1583 33 greater great JJR 34457 1583 34 will will MD 34457 1583 35 be be VB 34457 1583 36 the the DT 34457 1583 37 depression depression NN 34457 1583 38 of of IN 34457 1583 39 the the DT 34457 1583 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 1583 41 of of IN 34457 1583 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1583 43 . . . 34457 1584 1 On on IN 34457 1584 2 continuing continue VBG 34457 1584 3 the the DT 34457 1584 4 addition addition NN 34457 1584 5 of of IN 34457 1584 6 silver silver NN 34457 1584 7 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 1584 8 , , , 34457 1584 9 a a DT 34457 1584 10 point point NN 34457 1584 11 will will MD 34457 1584 12 at at IN 34457 1584 13 length length NN 34457 1584 14 be be VB 34457 1584 15 reached reach VBN 34457 1584 16 at at IN 34457 1584 17 which which WDT 34457 1584 18 the the DT 34457 1584 19 salt salt NN 34457 1584 20 is be VBZ 34457 1584 21 no no DT 34457 1584 22 longer long RBR 34457 1584 23 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1584 24 , , , 34457 1584 25 but but CC 34457 1584 26 remains remain VBZ 34457 1584 27 in in IN 34457 1584 28 the the DT 34457 1584 29 solid solid JJ 34457 1584 30 form form NN 34457 1584 31 along along IN 34457 1584 32 with with IN 34457 1584 33 the the DT 34457 1584 34 ice ice NN 34457 1584 35 . . . 34457 1585 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1585 2 again again RB 34457 1585 3 obtain obtain VBP 34457 1585 4 , , , 34457 1585 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1585 6 , , , 34457 1585 7 the the DT 34457 1585 8 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1585 9 system system NN 34457 1585 10 ice ice NN 34457 1585 11 -- -- : 34457 1585 12 salt salt NN 34457 1585 13 -- -- : 34457 1585 14 solution solution NN 34457 1585 15 -- -- : 34457 1585 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 1585 17 . . . 34457 1586 1 The the DT 34457 1586 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1586 3 at at IN 34457 1586 4 which which WDT 34457 1586 5 this this DT 34457 1586 6 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1586 7 system system NN 34457 1586 8 can can MD 34457 1586 9 exist exist VB 34457 1586 10 has have VBZ 34457 1586 11 been be VBN 34457 1586 12 found find VBN 34457 1586 13 by by IN 34457 1586 14 Middelberg[193 middelberg[193 CD 34457 1586 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1586 16 to to TO 34457 1586 17 be be VB 34457 1586 18 -7.3 -7.3â NN 34457 1586 19 ° ° NNS 34457 1586 20 , , , 34457 1586 21 the the DT 34457 1586 22 solution solution NN 34457 1586 23 at at IN 34457 1586 24 this this DT 34457 1586 25 point point NN 34457 1586 26 containing contain VBG 34457 1586 27 47.1 47.1 CD 34457 1586 28 per per IN 34457 1586 29 cent cent NN 34457 1586 30 . . . 34457 1587 1 of of IN 34457 1587 2 silver silver NN 34457 1587 3 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1587 4 . . . 34457 1588 1 The the DT 34457 1588 2 same same JJ 34457 1588 3 general general JJ 34457 1588 4 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1588 5 will will MD 34457 1588 6 be be VB 34457 1588 7 found find VBN 34457 1588 8 in in IN 34457 1588 9 the the DT 34457 1588 10 case case NN 34457 1588 11 of of IN 34457 1588 12 all all DT 34457 1588 13 other other JJ 34457 1588 14 systems system NNS 34457 1588 15 of of IN 34457 1588 16 two two CD 34457 1588 17 components component NNS 34457 1588 18 belonging belong VBG 34457 1588 19 to to IN 34457 1588 20 this this DT 34457 1588 21 class class NN 34457 1588 22 ; ; : 34457 1588 23 that that RB 34457 1588 24 is is RB 34457 1588 25 , , , 34457 1588 26 in in IN 34457 1588 27 the the DT 34457 1588 28 case case NN 34457 1588 29 of of IN 34457 1588 30 systems system NNS 34457 1588 31 from from IN 34457 1588 32 which which WDT 34457 1588 33 the the DT 34457 1588 34 components component NNS 34457 1588 35 crystallise crystallise VBP 34457 1588 36 out out RP 34457 1588 37 in in IN 34457 1588 38 the the DT 34457 1588 39 pure pure JJ 34457 1588 40 state state NN 34457 1588 41 , , , 34457 1588 42 and and CC 34457 1588 43 in in IN 34457 1588 44 which which WDT 34457 1588 45 the the DT 34457 1588 46 fused fuse VBN 34457 1588 47 components component NNS 34457 1588 48 are be VBP 34457 1588 49 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1588 50 in in IN 34457 1588 51 all all DT 34457 1588 52 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1588 53 . . . 34457 1589 1 In in IN 34457 1589 2 all all DT 34457 1589 3 such such JJ 34457 1589 4 cases case NNS 34457 1589 5 , , , 34457 1589 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 1589 7 , , , 34457 1589 8 the the DT 34457 1589 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 1589 10 curves curve NNS 34457 1589 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1589 12 curves curve NNS 34457 1589 13 of of IN 34457 1589 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1589 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1589 16 can can MD 34457 1589 17 be be VB 34457 1589 18 represented represent VBN 34457 1589 19 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 1589 20 as as IN 34457 1589 21 in in IN 34457 1589 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1589 23 . . . 34457 1590 1 29 29 CD 34457 1590 2 . . . 34457 1591 1 In in IN 34457 1591 2 this this DT 34457 1591 3 figure figure NN 34457 1591 4 OA OA NNP 34457 1591 5 represents represent VBZ 34457 1591 6 the the DT 34457 1591 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 1591 8 curve curve NN 34457 1591 9 of of IN 34457 1591 10 the the DT 34457 1591 11 salt salt NN 34457 1591 12 , , , 34457 1591 13 and and CC 34457 1591 14 OB OB NNP 34457 1591 15 the the DT 34457 1591 16 freezing freezing JJ 34457 1591 17 { { -LRB- 34457 1591 18 117 117 CD 34457 1591 19 } } -RRB- 34457 1591 20 point point NN 34457 1591 21 curve curve NN 34457 1591 22 of of IN 34457 1591 23 ice ice NN 34457 1591 24 . . . 34457 1592 1 O o UH 34457 1592 2 is be VBZ 34457 1592 3 the the DT 34457 1592 4 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1592 5 point point NN 34457 1592 6 at at IN 34457 1592 7 which which WDT 34457 1592 8 the the DT 34457 1592 9 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1592 10 system system NN 34457 1592 11 exists exist VBZ 34457 1592 12 , , , 34457 1592 13 and and CC 34457 1592 14 may may MD 34457 1592 15 be be VB 34457 1592 16 regarded regard VBN 34457 1592 17 as as IN 34457 1592 18 the the DT 34457 1592 19 point point NN 34457 1592 20 of of IN 34457 1592 21 intersection intersection NN 34457 1592 22 of of IN 34457 1592 23 the the DT 34457 1592 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 1592 25 curve curve NN 34457 1592 26 with with IN 34457 1592 27 the the DT 34457 1592 28 freezing freezing JJ 34457 1592 29 - - HYPH 34457 1592 30 point point NN 34457 1592 31 curve curve NN 34457 1592 32 . . . 34457 1593 1 Since since IN 34457 1593 2 this this DT 34457 1593 3 point point NN 34457 1593 4 is be VBZ 34457 1593 5 fixed fix VBN 34457 1593 6 , , , 34457 1593 7 the the DT 34457 1593 8 condition condition NN 34457 1593 9 of of IN 34457 1593 10 the the DT 34457 1593 11 system system NN 34457 1593 12 as as IN 34457 1593 13 regards regard VBZ 34457 1593 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 1593 15 , , , 34457 1593 16 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1593 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1593 18 , , , 34457 1593 19 and and CC 34457 1593 20 concentration concentration NN 34457 1593 21 of of IN 34457 1593 22 the the DT 34457 1593 23 components component NNS 34457 1593 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1593 25 or or CC 34457 1593 26 composition composition NN 34457 1593 27 of of IN 34457 1593 28 the the DT 34457 1593 29 solution solution NN 34457 1593 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1593 31 , , , 34457 1593 32 is be VBZ 34457 1593 33 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 1593 34 definite definite JJ 34457 1593 35 . . . 34457 1594 1 From from IN 34457 1594 2 the the DT 34457 1594 3 way way NN 34457 1594 4 , , , 34457 1594 5 also also RB 34457 1594 6 , , , 34457 1594 7 in in IN 34457 1594 8 which which WDT 34457 1594 9 the the DT 34457 1594 10 condition condition NN 34457 1594 11 is be VBZ 34457 1594 12 attained attain VBN 34457 1594 13 , , , 34457 1594 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1594 15 is be VBZ 34457 1594 16 evident evident JJ 34457 1594 17 that that IN 34457 1594 18 the the DT 34457 1594 19 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1594 20 point point NN 34457 1594 21 is be VBZ 34457 1594 22 the the DT 34457 1594 23 lowest low JJS 34457 1594 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 1594 25 that that WDT 34457 1594 26 can can MD 34457 1594 27 be be VB 34457 1594 28 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1594 29 with with IN 34457 1594 30 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 1594 31 of of IN 34457 1594 32 the the DT 34457 1594 33 two two CD 34457 1594 34 components component NNS 34457 1594 35 in in IN 34457 1594 36 presence presence NN 34457 1594 37 of of IN 34457 1594 38 vapour vapour NN 34457 1594 39 . . . 34457 1595 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1595 2 is be VBZ 34457 1595 3 known know VBN 34457 1595 4 as as IN 34457 1595 5 the the DT 34457 1595 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1595 7 cryohydric cryohydric NN 34457 1595 8 point point NN 34457 1595 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1595 10 , , , 34457 1595 11 or or CC 34457 1595 12 , , , 34457 1595 13 generally generally RB 34457 1595 14 , , , 34457 1595 15 the the DT 34457 1595 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1595 17 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 1595 18 point point NN 34457 1595 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1595 20 . . . 34457 1596 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1596 2 194 194 CD 34457 1596 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1596 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1596 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1596 6 : : : 34457 1596 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1596 8 . . . 34457 1597 1 29 29 CD 34457 1597 2 . . . 34457 1597 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1598 1 Cryohydrates cryohydrate NNS 34457 1598 2 . . . 34457 1599 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1599 2 195]--On 195]--on NN 34457 1599 3 cooling cool VBG 34457 1599 4 a a DT 34457 1599 5 solution solution NN 34457 1599 6 of of IN 34457 1599 7 common common JJ 34457 1599 8 salt salt NN 34457 1599 9 in in IN 34457 1599 10 water water NN 34457 1599 11 to to IN 34457 1599 12 a a DT 34457 1599 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 1599 14 of of IN 34457 1599 15 -3 -3â JJ 34457 1599 16 ° ° NNS 34457 1599 17 , , , 34457 1599 18 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 1599 19 observed observe VBD 34457 1599 20 that that IN 34457 1599 21 the the DT 34457 1599 22 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1599 23 NaCl,2H_{2}O NaCl,2H_{2}O NNP 34457 1599 24 separated separate VBD 34457 1599 25 out out RP 34457 1599 26 . . . 34457 1600 1 This this DT 34457 1600 2 salt salt NN 34457 1600 3 continued continue VBD 34457 1600 4 to to TO 34457 1600 5 be be VB 34457 1600 6 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1600 7 until until IN 34457 1600 8 at at IN 34457 1600 9 a a DT 34457 1600 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1600 11 of of IN 34457 1600 12 -22 -22 NNP 34457 1600 13 ° ° , 34457 1600 14 opaque opaque NNP 34457 1600 15 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1600 16 made make VBD 34457 1600 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1600 18 appearance appearance NN 34457 1600 19 , , , 34457 1600 20 and and CC 34457 1600 21 the the DT 34457 1600 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 1600 23 passed pass VBD 34457 1600 24 into into IN 34457 1600 25 the the DT 34457 1600 26 solid solid JJ 34457 1600 27 state state NN 34457 1600 28 without without IN 34457 1600 29 change change NN 34457 1600 30 of of IN 34457 1600 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 1600 32 . . . 34457 1601 1 A a DT 34457 1601 2 similar similar JJ 34457 1601 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1601 4 was be VBD 34457 1601 5 found find VBN 34457 1601 6 by by IN 34457 1601 7 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 1601 8 in in IN 34457 1601 9 the the DT 34457 1601 10 case case NN 34457 1601 11 of of IN 34457 1601 12 a a DT 34457 1601 13 large large JJ 34457 1601 14 number number NN 34457 1601 15 of of IN 34457 1601 16 other other JJ 34457 1601 17 salts salt NNS 34457 1601 18 , , , 34457 1601 19 a a DT 34457 1601 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 1601 21 below below IN 34457 1601 22 that that DT 34457 1601 23 of of IN 34457 1601 24 the the DT 34457 1601 25 melting melting NN 34457 1601 26 point point NN 34457 1601 27 of of IN 34457 1601 28 ice ice NN 34457 1601 29 being be VBG 34457 1601 30 reached reach VBN 34457 1601 31 at at IN 34457 1601 32 which which WDT 34457 1601 33 on on IN 34457 1601 34 continued continue VBN 34457 1601 35 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1601 36 of of IN 34457 1601 37 heat heat NN 34457 1601 38 , , , 34457 1601 39 the the DT 34457 1601 40 solution solution NN 34457 1601 41 solidified solidify VBD 34457 1601 42 at at IN 34457 1601 43 a a DT 34457 1601 44 constant constant JJ 34457 1601 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 1601 46 . . . 34457 1602 1 When when WRB 34457 1602 2 the the DT 34457 1602 3 system system NN 34457 1602 4 had have VBD 34457 1602 5 attained attain VBN 34457 1602 6 this this DT 34457 1602 7 minimum minimum JJ 34457 1602 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1602 9 , , , 34457 1602 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1602 11 was be VBD 34457 1602 12 found find VBN 34457 1602 13 that that IN 34457 1602 14 the the DT 34457 1602 15 composition composition NN 34457 1602 16 of of IN 34457 1602 17 the the DT 34457 1602 18 solid solid JJ 34457 1602 19 and and CC 34457 1602 20 the the DT 34457 1602 21 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1602 22 phases phase NNS 34457 1602 23 was be VBD 34457 1602 24 the the DT 34457 1602 25 same same JJ 34457 1602 26 , , , 34457 1602 27 and and CC 34457 1602 28 remained remain VBD 34457 1602 29 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1602 30 throughout throughout IN 34457 1602 31 the the DT 34457 1602 32 period period NN 34457 1602 33 of of IN 34457 1602 34 solidification solidification NN 34457 1602 35 . . . 34457 1603 1 This this DT 34457 1603 2 is be VBZ 34457 1603 3 shown show VBN 34457 1603 4 by by IN 34457 1603 5 the the DT 34457 1603 6 following follow VBG 34457 1603 7 figures figure NNS 34457 1603 8 , , , 34457 1603 9 which which WDT 34457 1603 10 give give VBP 34457 1603 11 the the DT 34457 1603 12 composition composition NN 34457 1603 13 of of IN 34457 1603 14 different different JJ 34457 1603 15 samples sample NNS 34457 1603 16 of of IN 34457 1603 17 the the DT 34457 1603 18 solid solid JJ 34457 1603 19 phase phase NN 34457 1603 20 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1603 21 from from IN 34457 1603 22 the the DT 34457 1603 23 solution solution NN 34457 1603 24 at at IN 34457 1603 25 constant constant JJ 34457 1603 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 1603 27 . . . 34457 1604 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1604 2 196 196 CD 34457 1604 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1604 4 { { -LRB- 34457 1604 5 118 118 CD 34457 1604 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1604 7 --------------------------------- --------------------------------- NFP 34457 1604 8 No no UH 34457 1604 9 . . . 34457 1605 1 | | NNP 34457 1605 2 Temperature Temperature NNP 34457 1605 3 of of IN 34457 1605 4 | | NNP 34457 1605 5 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 1605 6 . . . 34457 1606 1 | | JJ 34457 1606 2 solidification solidification NN 34457 1606 3 . . . 34457 1607 1 | | NNP 34457 1607 2 Per Per NNP 34457 1607 3 cent cent NN 34457 1607 4 . . . 34457 1608 1 ----|-----------------|---------- ----|-----------------|---------- NFP 34457 1608 2 1 1 CD 34457 1608 3 | | CD 34457 1608 4 -21 -21 NNP 34457 1608 5 ° ° NNS 34457 1608 6 to to IN 34457 1608 7 -22 -22 NNP 34457 1608 8 ° ° , 34457 1608 9 | | NNP 34457 1608 10 23.72 23.72 CD 34457 1608 11 2 2 CD 34457 1608 12 | | CD 34457 1608 13 -22 -22 NNP 34457 1608 14 ° ° , 34457 1608 15 | | NNP 34457 1608 16 23.66 23.66 CD 34457 1608 17 3 3 CD 34457 1608 18 | | NNP 34457 1608 19 -22 -22 NNP 34457 1608 20 ° ° , 34457 1608 21 | | CD 34457 1608 22 23.73 23.73 CD 34457 1608 23 4 4 CD 34457 1608 24 | | NNP 34457 1608 25 -23 -23 NNP 34457 1608 26 ° ° , 34457 1608 27 | | NNP 34457 1608 28 23.82 23.82 CD 34457 1608 29 5 5 CD 34457 1608 30 | | NNP 34457 1608 31 -23 -23 NNP 34457 1608 32 ° ° , 34457 1608 33 | | CD 34457 1608 34 23.34 23.34 CD 34457 1608 35 6 6 CD 34457 1608 36 | | CD 34457 1608 37 -23 -23 NNP 34457 1608 38 ° ° , 34457 1608 39 | | CD 34457 1608 40 23.35 23.35 CD 34457 1608 41 --------------------------------- --------------------------------- NFP 34457 1608 42 Mean Mean NNP 34457 1608 43 23.6 23.6 CD 34457 1608 44 --------------------------------- --------------------------------- . 34457 1608 45 Conversely conversely RB 34457 1608 46 , , , 34457 1608 47 a a DT 34457 1608 48 mixture mixture NN 34457 1608 49 of of IN 34457 1608 50 ice ice NN 34457 1608 51 and and CC 34457 1608 52 salt salt NN 34457 1608 53 containing contain VBG 34457 1608 54 23.6 23.6 CD 34457 1608 55 per per IN 34457 1608 56 cent cent NN 34457 1608 57 . . . 34457 1609 1 of of IN 34457 1609 2 sodium sodium NN 34457 1609 3 chloride chloride NN 34457 1609 4 will will MD 34457 1609 5 melt melt VB 34457 1609 6 at at IN 34457 1609 7 a a DT 34457 1609 8 definite definite JJ 34457 1609 9 and and CC 34457 1609 10 constant constant JJ 34457 1609 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1609 12 , , , 34457 1609 13 and and CC 34457 1609 14 exhibit exhibit NN 34457 1609 15 , , , 34457 1609 16 therefore therefore RB 34457 1609 17 , , , 34457 1609 18 a a DT 34457 1609 19 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1609 20 supposed suppose VBN 34457 1609 21 to to TO 34457 1609 22 be be VB 34457 1609 23 characteristic characteristic JJ 34457 1609 24 of of IN 34457 1609 25 a a DT 34457 1609 26 pure pure JJ 34457 1609 27 chemical chemical NN 34457 1609 28 compound compound NN 34457 1609 29 . . . 34457 1610 1 This this DT 34457 1610 2 , , , 34457 1610 3 then then RB 34457 1610 4 , , , 34457 1610 5 combined combine VBN 34457 1610 6 with with IN 34457 1610 7 the the DT 34457 1610 8 fact fact NN 34457 1610 9 that that IN 34457 1610 10 the the DT 34457 1610 11 solid solid JJ 34457 1610 12 which which WDT 34457 1610 13 was be VBD 34457 1610 14 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1610 15 was be VBD 34457 1610 16 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 1610 17 , , , 34457 1610 18 and and CC 34457 1610 19 that that IN 34457 1610 20 the the DT 34457 1610 21 same same JJ 34457 1610 22 constant constant JJ 34457 1610 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1610 24 was be VBD 34457 1610 25 attained attain VBN 34457 1610 26 , , , 34457 1610 27 no no RB 34457 1610 28 matter matter RB 34457 1610 29 with with IN 34457 1610 30 what what WP 34457 1610 31 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1610 32 of of IN 34457 1610 33 water water NN 34457 1610 34 and and CC 34457 1610 35 salt salt NN 34457 1610 36 one one CD 34457 1610 37 started start VBD 34457 1610 38 , , , 34457 1610 39 led lead VBD 34457 1610 40 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 1610 41 to to IN 34457 1610 42 the the DT 34457 1610 43 belief belief NN 34457 1610 44 that that IN 34457 1610 45 the the DT 34457 1610 46 solids solid NNS 34457 1610 47 which which WDT 34457 1610 48 thus thus RB 34457 1610 49 separated separate VBD 34457 1610 50 at at IN 34457 1610 51 constant constant JJ 34457 1610 52 temperature temperature NN 34457 1610 53 were be VBD 34457 1610 54 definite definite JJ 34457 1610 55 chemical chemical JJ 34457 1610 56 compounds compound NNS 34457 1610 57 , , , 34457 1610 58 to to TO 34457 1610 59 which which WDT 34457 1610 60 he -PRON- PRP 34457 1610 61 gave give VBD 34457 1610 62 the the DT 34457 1610 63 general general JJ 34457 1610 64 name name NN 34457 1610 65 _ _ NNP 34457 1610 66 cryohydrate cryohydrate NN 34457 1610 67 _ _ NNP 34457 1610 68 . . . 34457 1611 1 A a DT 34457 1611 2 large large JJ 34457 1611 3 number number NN 34457 1611 4 of of IN 34457 1611 5 such such JJ 34457 1611 6 cryohydrates cryohydrate NNS 34457 1611 7 were be VBD 34457 1611 8 prepared prepare VBN 34457 1611 9 and and CC 34457 1611 10 analysed analyse VBN 34457 1611 11 by by IN 34457 1611 12 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 1611 13 , , , 34457 1611 14 and and CC 34457 1611 15 a a DT 34457 1611 16 few few JJ 34457 1611 17 of of IN 34457 1611 18 these these DT 34457 1611 19 are be VBP 34457 1611 20 given give VBN 34457 1611 21 in in IN 34457 1611 22 the the DT 34457 1611 23 following follow VBG 34457 1611 24 table table NN 34457 1611 25 , , , 34457 1611 26 together together RB 34457 1611 27 with with IN 34457 1611 28 the the DT 34457 1611 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1611 30 of of IN 34457 1611 31 the the DT 34457 1611 32 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1611 33 point:[197]-- point:[197]-- NN 34457 1611 34 CRYOHYDRATES cryohydrate NNS 34457 1611 35 . . . 34457 1612 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 1612 2 Salt salt NN 34457 1612 3 . . . 34457 1613 1 | | NNP 34457 1613 2 Cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1613 3 point point NN 34457 1613 4 . . . 34457 1614 1 | | NNP 34457 1614 2 Percentage Percentage NNP 34457 1614 3 of of IN 34457 1614 4 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1614 5 | | NNP 34457 1614 6 | | NNP 34457 1614 7 salt salt NN 34457 1614 8 in in IN 34457 1614 9 the the DT 34457 1614 10 cryohydrate cryohydrate NN 34457 1614 11 . . . 34457 1615 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 1615 2 Sodium sodium NN 34457 1615 3 bromide bromide NN 34457 1615 4 | | NNP 34457 1615 5 -24 -24 NNP 34457 1615 6 ° ° NNP 34457 1615 7 | | NNP 34457 1615 8 41.33 41.33 CD 34457 1615 9 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 1615 10 chloride chloride NN 34457 1615 11 | | NNP 34457 1615 12 -22 -22 NNP 34457 1615 13 ° ° , 34457 1615 14 | | NNP 34457 1615 15 23.60 23.60 CD 34457 1615 16 Potassium Potassium NNP 34457 1615 17 iodide iodide NN 34457 1615 18 | | NNP 34457 1615 19 -22 -22 NNP 34457 1615 20 ° ° , 34457 1615 21 | | NNP 34457 1615 22 52.07 52.07 CD 34457 1615 23 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 1615 24 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1615 25 | | NNP 34457 1615 26 -17.5 -17.5 NNP 34457 1615 27 ° ° , 34457 1615 28 | | NNP 34457 1615 29 40.80 40.80 CD 34457 1615 30 Ammonium Ammonium NNP 34457 1615 31 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1615 32 | | NNP 34457 1615 33 -17 -17 NNP 34457 1615 34 ° ° , 34457 1615 35 | | NNP 34457 1615 36 41.70 41.70 CD 34457 1615 37 Ammonium Ammonium NNP 34457 1615 38 chloride chloride NN 34457 1615 39 | | NNP 34457 1615 40 -15 -15 NNP 34457 1615 41 ° ° , 34457 1615 42 | | NNP 34457 1615 43 19.27 19.27 CD 34457 1615 44 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 1615 45 iodide iodide NN 34457 1615 46 | | NNP 34457 1615 47 -15 -15 NNP 34457 1615 48 ° ° , 34457 1615 49 | | NNP 34457 1615 50 59.45 59.45 CD 34457 1615 51 Potassium Potassium NNP 34457 1615 52 bromide bromide NN 34457 1615 53 | | NNP 34457 1615 54 -13 -13 NNP 34457 1615 55 ° ° , 34457 1615 56 | | CD 34457 1615 57 32.15 32.15 CD 34457 1615 58 Potassium Potassium NNP 34457 1615 59 chloride chloride NN 34457 1615 60 | | NNP 34457 1615 61 -11.4 -11.4 NNPS 34457 1615 62 ° ° , 34457 1615 63 | | NNP 34457 1615 64 20.03 20.03 CD 34457 1615 65 Magnesium Magnesium NNP 34457 1615 66 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1615 67 | | NNP 34457 1615 68 -5 -5â CD 34457 1615 69 ° ° , 34457 1615 70 | | CD 34457 1615 71 21.86 21.86 CD 34457 1615 72 Potassium Potassium NNP 34457 1615 73 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1615 74 | | NNP 34457 1615 75 -2.6 -2.6 NNS 34457 1615 76 ° ° , 34457 1615 77 | | CD 34457 1615 78 11.20 11.20 CD 34457 1615 79 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 1615 80 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1615 81 | | NNP 34457 1615 82 -0.7 -0.7â NN 34457 1615 83 ° ° NNS 34457 1615 84 | | CD 34457 1615 85 4.55 4.55 CD 34457 1615 86 ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 1615 87 { { -LRB- 34457 1615 88 119 119 CD 34457 1615 89 } } -RRB- 34457 1615 90 The the DT 34457 1615 91 chemical chemical NN 34457 1615 92 individuality individuality NN 34457 1615 93 of of IN 34457 1615 94 these these DT 34457 1615 95 cryohydrates cryohydrate NNS 34457 1615 96 was be VBD 34457 1615 97 , , , 34457 1615 98 however however RB 34457 1615 99 , , , 34457 1615 100 called call VBD 34457 1615 101 in in IN 34457 1615 102 question question NN 34457 1615 103 by by IN 34457 1615 104 Pfaundler,[198 Pfaundler,[198 NNP 34457 1615 105 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1615 106 and and CC 34457 1615 107 disproved disprove VBN 34457 1615 108 by by IN 34457 1615 109 Offer,[199 offer,[199 CD 34457 1615 110 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1615 111 who who WP 34457 1615 112 showed show VBD 34457 1615 113 that that IN 34457 1615 114 in in IN 34457 1615 115 spite spite NN 34457 1615 116 of of IN 34457 1615 117 the the DT 34457 1615 118 constancy constancy NN 34457 1615 119 of of IN 34457 1615 120 the the DT 34457 1615 121 melting melting NN 34457 1615 122 point point NN 34457 1615 123 , , , 34457 1615 124 the the DT 34457 1615 125 cryohydrates cryohydrate NNS 34457 1615 126 had have VBD 34457 1615 127 the the DT 34457 1615 128 properties property NNS 34457 1615 129 , , , 34457 1615 130 not not RB 34457 1615 131 of of IN 34457 1615 132 definite definite JJ 34457 1615 133 chemical chemical NN 34457 1615 134 compounds compound NNS 34457 1615 135 , , , 34457 1615 136 but but CC 34457 1615 137 of of IN 34457 1615 138 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 1615 139 ; ; : 34457 1615 140 the the DT 34457 1615 141 arguments argument NNS 34457 1615 142 given give VBN 34457 1615 143 being be VBG 34457 1615 144 that that IN 34457 1615 145 the the DT 34457 1615 146 heat heat NN 34457 1615 147 of of IN 34457 1615 148 solution solution NN 34457 1615 149 and and CC 34457 1615 150 the the DT 34457 1615 151 specific specific JJ 34457 1615 152 volume volume NN 34457 1615 153 are be VBP 34457 1615 154 the the DT 34457 1615 155 same same JJ 34457 1615 156 for for IN 34457 1615 157 the the DT 34457 1615 158 cryohydrate cryohydrate NN 34457 1615 159 as as IN 34457 1615 160 for for IN 34457 1615 161 a a DT 34457 1615 162 mixture mixture NN 34457 1615 163 of of IN 34457 1615 164 ice ice NN 34457 1615 165 and and CC 34457 1615 166 salt salt NN 34457 1615 167 of of IN 34457 1615 168 the the DT 34457 1615 169 same same JJ 34457 1615 170 composition composition NN 34457 1615 171 ; ; : 34457 1615 172 and and CC 34457 1615 173 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1615 174 was be VBD 34457 1615 175 further further RB 34457 1615 176 shown show VBN 34457 1615 177 that that IN 34457 1615 178 the the DT 34457 1615 179 cryohydrate cryohydrate NN 34457 1615 180 had have VBD 34457 1615 181 not not RB 34457 1615 182 a a DT 34457 1615 183 definite definite JJ 34457 1615 184 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1615 185 form form NN 34457 1615 186 , , , 34457 1615 187 but but CC 34457 1615 188 separated separate VBD 34457 1615 189 out out RP 34457 1615 190 as as IN 34457 1615 191 an an DT 34457 1615 192 opaque opaque JJ 34457 1615 193 mass mass NN 34457 1615 194 containing contain VBG 34457 1615 195 the the DT 34457 1615 196 two two CD 34457 1615 197 components component NNS 34457 1615 198 in in IN 34457 1615 199 close close JJ 34457 1615 200 juxtaposition juxtaposition NN 34457 1615 201 . . . 34457 1616 1 The the DT 34457 1616 2 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 1616 3 nature nature NN 34457 1616 4 of of IN 34457 1616 5 cryohydrates cryohydrate NNS 34457 1616 6 can can MD 34457 1616 7 also also RB 34457 1616 8 be be VB 34457 1616 9 shown show VBN 34457 1616 10 by by IN 34457 1616 11 a a DT 34457 1616 12 microscopical microscopical JJ 34457 1616 13 examination examination NN 34457 1616 14 . . . 34457 1617 1 At at IN 34457 1617 2 the the DT 34457 1617 3 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1617 4 point point NN 34457 1617 5 , , , 34457 1617 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 1617 7 , , , 34457 1617 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1617 9 are be VBP 34457 1617 10 not not RB 34457 1617 11 dealing deal VBG 34457 1617 12 with with IN 34457 1617 13 a a DT 34457 1617 14 single single JJ 34457 1617 15 solid solid JJ 34457 1617 16 phase phase NN 34457 1617 17 , , , 34457 1617 18 but but CC 34457 1617 19 with with IN 34457 1617 20 two two CD 34457 1617 21 solid solid JJ 34457 1617 22 phases phase NNS 34457 1617 23 , , , 34457 1617 24 ice ice NN 34457 1617 25 and and CC 34457 1617 26 salt salt NN 34457 1617 27 ; ; : 34457 1617 28 the the DT 34457 1617 29 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1617 30 point point NN 34457 1617 31 , , , 34457 1617 32 therefore therefore RB 34457 1617 33 , , , 34457 1617 34 as as IN 34457 1617 35 already already RB 34457 1617 36 stated state VBN 34457 1617 37 , , , 34457 1617 38 is be VBZ 34457 1617 39 a a DT 34457 1617 40 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1617 41 point point NN 34457 1617 42 and and CC 34457 1617 43 represents represent VBZ 34457 1617 44 an an DT 34457 1617 45 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1617 46 system system NN 34457 1617 47 . . . 34457 1618 1 Although although IN 34457 1618 2 on on IN 34457 1618 3 cooling cool VBG 34457 1618 4 a a DT 34457 1618 5 solution solution NN 34457 1618 6 to to IN 34457 1618 7 the the DT 34457 1618 8 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1618 9 point point NN 34457 1618 10 , , , 34457 1618 11 separation separation NN 34457 1618 12 of of IN 34457 1618 13 ice ice NN 34457 1618 14 may may MD 34457 1618 15 occur occur VB 34457 1618 16 , , , 34457 1618 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1618 18 will will MD 34457 1618 19 not not RB 34457 1618 20 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1618 21 take take VB 34457 1618 22 place place NN 34457 1618 23 ; ; : 34457 1618 24 the the DT 34457 1618 25 system system NN 34457 1618 26 may may MD 34457 1618 27 become become VB 34457 1618 28 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1618 29 . . . 34457 1619 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 1619 2 , , , 34457 1619 3 separation separation NN 34457 1619 4 of of IN 34457 1619 5 salt salt NN 34457 1619 6 may may MD 34457 1619 7 not not RB 34457 1619 8 take take VB 34457 1619 9 place place NN 34457 1619 10 immediately immediately RB 34457 1619 11 the the DT 34457 1619 12 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1619 13 point point NN 34457 1619 14 is be VBZ 34457 1619 15 reached reach VBN 34457 1619 16 . . . 34457 1620 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1620 2 will will MD 34457 1620 3 , , , 34457 1620 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1620 5 , , , 34457 1620 6 be be VB 34457 1620 7 possible possible JJ 34457 1620 8 to to TO 34457 1620 9 follow follow VB 34457 1620 10 the the DT 34457 1620 11 curves curve NNS 34457 1620 12 BO BO NNP 34457 1620 13 and and CC 34457 1620 14 AO AO NNP 34457 1620 15 beyond beyond IN 34457 1620 16 the the DT 34457 1620 17 quadruple quadruple NNP 34457 1620 18 point,[200 point,[200 NNP 34457 1620 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1620 20 which which WDT 34457 1620 21 is be VBZ 34457 1620 22 thereby thereby RB 34457 1620 23 clearly clearly RB 34457 1620 24 seen see VBN 34457 1620 25 to to TO 34457 1620 26 be be VB 34457 1620 27 the the DT 34457 1620 28 point point NN 34457 1620 29 of of IN 34457 1620 30 intersection intersection NN 34457 1620 31 of of IN 34457 1620 32 the the DT 34457 1620 33 solubility solubility NN 34457 1620 34 curve curve NN 34457 1620 35 of of IN 34457 1620 36 the the DT 34457 1620 37 salt salt NN 34457 1620 38 and and CC 34457 1620 39 the the DT 34457 1620 40 freezing freezing JJ 34457 1620 41 - - HYPH 34457 1620 42 point point NN 34457 1620 43 curve curve NN 34457 1620 44 of of IN 34457 1620 45 ice ice NN 34457 1620 46 . . . 34457 1621 1 At at IN 34457 1621 2 this this DT 34457 1621 3 point point NN 34457 1621 4 , , , 34457 1621 5 also also RB 34457 1621 6 , , , 34457 1621 7 the the DT 34457 1621 8 curves curve NNS 34457 1621 9 of of IN 34457 1621 10 the the DT 34457 1621 11 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1621 12 systems system NNS 34457 1621 13 ice ice NN 34457 1621 14 -- -- : 34457 1621 15 salt salt NN 34457 1621 16 -- -- : 34457 1621 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1621 18 and and CC 34457 1621 19 ice ice NN 34457 1621 20 -- -- : 34457 1621 21 salt salt NN 34457 1621 22 -- -- : 34457 1621 23 solution solution NN 34457 1621 24 intersect intersect NN 34457 1621 25 . . . 34457 1622 1 Changes change NNS 34457 1622 2 at at IN 34457 1622 3 the the DT 34457 1622 4 Quadruple Quadruple NNP 34457 1622 5 Point.--Since point.--since NN 34457 1622 6 the the DT 34457 1622 7 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1622 8 system system NN 34457 1622 9 ice ice NN 34457 1622 10 -- -- : 34457 1622 11 salt salt NN 34457 1622 12 -- -- : 34457 1622 13 solution solution NN 34457 1622 14 -- -- : 34457 1622 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 1622 16 can can MD 34457 1622 17 exist exist VB 34457 1622 18 only only RB 34457 1622 19 at at IN 34457 1622 20 a a DT 34457 1622 21 definite definite JJ 34457 1622 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1622 23 , , , 34457 1622 24 addition addition NN 34457 1622 25 or or CC 34457 1622 26 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1622 27 of of IN 34457 1622 28 heat heat NN 34457 1622 29 must must MD 34457 1622 30 cause cause VB 34457 1622 31 the the DT 34457 1622 32 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 1622 33 of of IN 34457 1622 34 one one CD 34457 1622 35 of of IN 34457 1622 36 the the DT 34457 1622 37 phases phase NNS 34457 1622 38 , , , 34457 1622 39 whereby whereby WRB 34457 1622 40 the the DT 34457 1622 41 system system NN 34457 1622 42 will will MD 34457 1622 43 become become VB 34457 1622 44 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1622 45 . . . 34457 1623 1 So so RB 34457 1623 2 long long RB 34457 1623 3 as as IN 34457 1623 4 all all DT 34457 1623 5 four four CD 34457 1623 6 phases phase NNS 34457 1623 7 are be VBP 34457 1623 8 present present JJ 34457 1623 9 the the DT 34457 1623 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1623 11 , , , 34457 1623 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1623 13 , , , 34457 1623 14 and and CC 34457 1623 15 concentration concentration NN 34457 1623 16 of of IN 34457 1623 17 the the DT 34457 1623 18 components component NNS 34457 1623 19 in in IN 34457 1623 20 the the DT 34457 1623 21 solution solution NN 34457 1623 22 must must MD 34457 1623 23 remain remain VB 34457 1623 24 constant constant JJ 34457 1623 25 . . . 34457 1624 1 When when WRB 34457 1624 2 , , , 34457 1624 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1624 4 , , , 34457 1624 5 heat heat NN 34457 1624 6 is be VBZ 34457 1624 7 added add VBN 34457 1624 8 to to IN 34457 1624 9 or or CC 34457 1624 10 withdrawn withdraw VBN 34457 1624 11 from from IN 34457 1624 12 the the DT 34457 1624 13 system system NN 34457 1624 14 , , , 34457 1624 15 mutually mutually RB 34457 1624 16 compensatory compensatory JJ 34457 1624 17 changes change NNS 34457 1624 18 will will MD 34457 1624 19 take take VB 34457 1624 20 place place NN 34457 1624 21 within within IN 34457 1624 22 the the DT 34457 1624 23 system system NN 34457 1624 24 whereby whereby WRB 34457 1624 25 the the DT 34457 1624 26 { { -LRB- 34457 1624 27 120 120 CD 34457 1624 28 } } -RRB- 34457 1624 29 condition condition NN 34457 1624 30 of of IN 34457 1624 31 the the DT 34457 1624 32 latter latter NN 34457 1624 33 is be VBZ 34457 1624 34 preserved preserve VBN 34457 1624 35 . . . 34457 1625 1 These these DT 34457 1625 2 changes change NNS 34457 1625 3 can can MD 34457 1625 4 in in IN 34457 1625 5 all all DT 34457 1625 6 cases case NNS 34457 1625 7 be be VB 34457 1625 8 foreseen foresee VBN 34457 1625 9 with with IN 34457 1625 10 the the DT 34457 1625 11 help help NN 34457 1625 12 of of IN 34457 1625 13 the the DT 34457 1625 14 theorem theorem NN 34457 1625 15 of of IN 34457 1625 16 van't van't JJ 34457 1625 17 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 1625 18 and and CC 34457 1625 19 Le Le NNP 34457 1625 20 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1625 21 ; ; : 34457 1625 22 and and CC 34457 1625 23 , , , 34457 1625 24 after after IN 34457 1625 25 what what WP 34457 1625 26 was be VBD 34457 1625 27 said say VBN 34457 1625 28 in in IN 34457 1625 29 Chap Chap NNP 34457 1625 30 . . . 34457 1626 1 IV IV NNP 34457 1626 2 . . NNP 34457 1626 3 , , , 34457 1626 4 need nee MD 34457 1626 5 only only RB 34457 1626 6 be be VB 34457 1626 7 briefly briefly RB 34457 1626 8 referred refer VBN 34457 1626 9 to to IN 34457 1626 10 here here RB 34457 1626 11 . . . 34457 1627 1 In in IN 34457 1627 2 the the DT 34457 1627 3 first first JJ 34457 1627 4 place place NN 34457 1627 5 , , , 34457 1627 6 addition addition NN 34457 1627 7 of of IN 34457 1627 8 heat heat NN 34457 1627 9 will will MD 34457 1627 10 cause cause VB 34457 1627 11 ice ice NN 34457 1627 12 to to IN 34457 1627 13 melt melt VB 34457 1627 14 , , , 34457 1627 15 and and CC 34457 1627 16 the the DT 34457 1627 17 concentration concentration NN 34457 1627 18 of of IN 34457 1627 19 the the DT 34457 1627 20 solution solution NN 34457 1627 21 will will MD 34457 1627 22 be be VB 34457 1627 23 thereby thereby RB 34457 1627 24 altered alter VBN 34457 1627 25 ; ; : 34457 1627 26 salt salt NN 34457 1627 27 must must MD 34457 1627 28 therefore therefore RB 34457 1627 29 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1627 30 until until IN 34457 1627 31 the the DT 34457 1627 32 original original JJ 34457 1627 33 concentration concentration NN 34457 1627 34 is be VBZ 34457 1627 35 reached reach VBN 34457 1627 36 , , , 34457 1627 37 and and CC 34457 1627 38 the the DT 34457 1627 39 heat heat NN 34457 1627 40 of of IN 34457 1627 41 fusion fusion NN 34457 1627 42 of of IN 34457 1627 43 ice ice NN 34457 1627 44 will will MD 34457 1627 45 be be VB 34457 1627 46 counteracted counteract VBN 34457 1627 47 by by IN 34457 1627 48 the the DT 34457 1627 49 heat heat NN 34457 1627 50 of of IN 34457 1627 51 solution solution NN 34457 1627 52 of of IN 34457 1627 53 the the DT 34457 1627 54 salt salt NN 34457 1627 55 . . . 34457 1628 1 Changes change NNS 34457 1628 2 of of IN 34457 1628 3 volume volume NN 34457 1628 4 of of IN 34457 1628 5 the the DT 34457 1628 6 solid solid JJ 34457 1628 7 and and CC 34457 1628 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1628 9 phases phase NNS 34457 1628 10 must must MD 34457 1628 11 also also RB 34457 1628 12 be be VB 34457 1628 13 taken take VBN 34457 1628 14 into into IN 34457 1628 15 account account NN 34457 1628 16 ; ; : 34457 1628 17 an an DT 34457 1628 18 alteration alteration NN 34457 1628 19 in in IN 34457 1628 20 the the DT 34457 1628 21 volume volume NN 34457 1628 22 of of IN 34457 1628 23 these these DT 34457 1628 24 phases phase NNS 34457 1628 25 being be VBG 34457 1628 26 compensated compensate VBN 34457 1628 27 by by IN 34457 1628 28 condensation condensation NN 34457 1628 29 or or CC 34457 1628 30 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 1628 31 . . . 34457 1629 1 All all DT 34457 1629 2 four four CD 34457 1629 3 phases phase NNS 34457 1629 4 will will MD 34457 1629 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1629 6 be be VB 34457 1629 7 involved involve VBN 34457 1629 8 in in IN 34457 1629 9 the the DT 34457 1629 10 change change NN 34457 1629 11 , , , 34457 1629 12 and and CC 34457 1629 13 the the DT 34457 1629 14 final final JJ 34457 1629 15 state state NN 34457 1629 16 of of IN 34457 1629 17 the the DT 34457 1629 18 system system NN 34457 1629 19 will will MD 34457 1629 20 be be VB 34457 1629 21 dependent dependent JJ 34457 1629 22 on on IN 34457 1629 23 the the DT 34457 1629 24 amounts amount NNS 34457 1629 25 of of IN 34457 1629 26 the the DT 34457 1629 27 different different JJ 34457 1629 28 phases phase NNS 34457 1629 29 present present JJ 34457 1629 30 ; ; : 34457 1629 31 the the DT 34457 1629 32 ultimate ultimate JJ 34457 1629 33 result result NN 34457 1629 34 of of IN 34457 1629 35 addition addition NN 34457 1629 36 or or CC 34457 1629 37 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1629 38 of of IN 34457 1629 39 heat heat NN 34457 1629 40 or or CC 34457 1629 41 of of IN 34457 1629 42 change change NN 34457 1629 43 of of IN 34457 1629 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 1629 45 at at IN 34457 1629 46 the the DT 34457 1629 47 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1629 48 point point NN 34457 1629 49 will will MD 34457 1629 50 be be VB 34457 1629 51 one one CD 34457 1629 52 of of IN 34457 1629 53 the the DT 34457 1629 54 four four CD 34457 1629 55 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1629 56 systems system NNS 34457 1629 57 : : : 34457 1629 58 ice ice NN 34457 1629 59 -- -- : 34457 1629 60 solution solution NN 34457 1629 61 -- -- : 34457 1629 62 vapour vapour NN 34457 1629 63 ; ; : 34457 1629 64 salt salt NN 34457 1629 65 -- -- : 34457 1629 66 solution solution NN 34457 1629 67 -- -- : 34457 1629 68 vapour vapour NN 34457 1629 69 ; ; : 34457 1629 70 ice ice NN 34457 1629 71 -- -- : 34457 1629 72 salt salt NN 34457 1629 73 -- -- : 34457 1629 74 vapour vapour NN 34457 1629 75 ; ; : 34457 1629 76 ice ice NN 34457 1629 77 -- -- : 34457 1629 78 salt salt NN 34457 1629 79 -- -- : 34457 1629 80 solution solution NN 34457 1629 81 . . . 34457 1630 1 If if IN 34457 1630 2 the the DT 34457 1630 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 1630 4 phase phase NN 34457 1630 5 disappear disappear VBP 34457 1630 6 , , , 34457 1630 7 there there EX 34457 1630 8 will will MD 34457 1630 9 be be VB 34457 1630 10 left leave VBN 34457 1630 11 the the DT 34457 1630 12 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1630 13 system system NN 34457 1630 14 ice ice NN 34457 1630 15 -- -- : 34457 1630 16 salt salt NN 34457 1630 17 -- -- : 34457 1630 18 solution solution NN 34457 1630 19 , , , 34457 1630 20 and and CC 34457 1630 21 the the DT 34457 1630 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1630 23 at at IN 34457 1630 24 which which WDT 34457 1630 25 this this DT 34457 1630 26 system system NN 34457 1630 27 can can MD 34457 1630 28 exist exist VB 34457 1630 29 will will MD 34457 1630 30 alter alter VB 34457 1630 31 with with IN 34457 1630 32 the the DT 34457 1630 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 1630 34 . . . 34457 1631 1 Since since IN 34457 1631 2 in in IN 34457 1631 3 this this DT 34457 1631 4 case case NN 34457 1631 5 the the DT 34457 1631 6 influence influence NN 34457 1631 7 of of IN 34457 1631 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1631 9 is be VBZ 34457 1631 10 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 1631 11 slight slight JJ 34457 1631 12 , , , 34457 1631 13 the the DT 34457 1631 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 1631 15 of of IN 34457 1631 16 the the DT 34457 1631 17 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1631 18 point point NN 34457 1631 19 will will MD 34457 1631 20 differ differ VB 34457 1631 21 only only RB 34457 1631 22 slightly slightly RB 34457 1631 23 from from IN 34457 1631 24 that that DT 34457 1631 25 of of IN 34457 1631 26 the the DT 34457 1631 27 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1631 28 point point NN 34457 1631 29 as as IN 34457 1631 30 determined determine VBN 34457 1631 31 under under IN 34457 1631 32 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1631 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 1631 34 . . . 34457 1632 1 Freezing freeze VBG 34457 1632 2 Mixtures.--Not mixtures.--not NN 34457 1632 3 only only RB 34457 1632 4 will will MD 34457 1632 5 the the DT 34457 1632 6 composition composition NN 34457 1632 7 of of IN 34457 1632 8 a a DT 34457 1632 9 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1632 10 system system NN 34457 1632 11 undergo undergo VBP 34457 1632 12 change change NN 34457 1632 13 when when WRB 34457 1632 14 the the DT 34457 1632 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1632 16 is be VBZ 34457 1632 17 varied varied JJ 34457 1632 18 , , , 34457 1632 19 but but CC 34457 1632 20 , , , 34457 1632 21 conversely conversely RB 34457 1632 22 , , , 34457 1632 23 if if IN 34457 1632 24 the the DT 34457 1632 25 _ _ NNP 34457 1632 26 composition composition NN 34457 1632 27 _ _ NNP 34457 1632 28 of of IN 34457 1632 29 the the DT 34457 1632 30 system system NN 34457 1632 31 is be VBZ 34457 1632 32 caused cause VBN 34457 1632 33 to to TO 34457 1632 34 change change VB 34457 1632 35 , , , 34457 1632 36 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1632 37 changes change NNS 34457 1632 38 of of IN 34457 1632 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 1632 40 must must MD 34457 1632 41 ensue ensue VB 34457 1632 42 . . . 34457 1633 1 Thus thus RB 34457 1633 2 , , , 34457 1633 3 if if IN 34457 1633 4 ice ice NN 34457 1633 5 is be VBZ 34457 1633 6 added add VBN 34457 1633 7 to to IN 34457 1633 8 the the DT 34457 1633 9 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1633 10 system system NN 34457 1633 11 salt salt NN 34457 1633 12 -- -- : 34457 1633 13 solution solution NN 34457 1633 14 -- -- : 34457 1633 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 1633 16 , , , 34457 1633 17 the the DT 34457 1633 18 ice ice NN 34457 1633 19 must must MD 34457 1633 20 melt melt VB 34457 1633 21 and and CC 34457 1633 22 the the DT 34457 1633 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1633 24 fall fall VBP 34457 1633 25 ; ; : 34457 1633 26 and and CC 34457 1633 27 if if IN 34457 1633 28 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 1633 29 ice ice NN 34457 1633 30 is be VBZ 34457 1633 31 added add VBN 34457 1633 32 , , , 34457 1633 33 the the DT 34457 1633 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 1633 35 of of IN 34457 1633 36 the the DT 34457 1633 37 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1633 38 point point NN 34457 1633 39 must must MD 34457 1633 40 be be VB 34457 1633 41 at at IN 34457 1633 42 length length NN 34457 1633 43 reached reach VBN 34457 1633 44 , , , 34457 1633 45 for for IN 34457 1633 46 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1633 47 is be VBZ 34457 1633 48 only only RB 34457 1633 49 at at IN 34457 1633 50 this this DT 34457 1633 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 1633 52 that that WDT 34457 1633 53 the the DT 34457 1633 54 four four CD 34457 1633 55 phases phase NNS 34457 1633 56 ice ice NN 34457 1633 57 -- -- : 34457 1633 58 salt salt NN 34457 1633 59 -- -- : 34457 1633 60 solution solution NN 34457 1633 61 -- -- : 34457 1633 62 vapour vapour RB 34457 1633 63 can can MD 34457 1633 64 coexist coexist VB 34457 1633 65 . . . 34457 1634 1 Or or CC 34457 1634 2 , , , 34457 1634 3 on on IN 34457 1634 4 the the DT 34457 1634 5 other other JJ 34457 1634 6 hand hand NN 34457 1634 7 , , , 34457 1634 8 if if IN 34457 1634 9 salt salt NN 34457 1634 10 is be VBZ 34457 1634 11 added add VBN 34457 1634 12 to to IN 34457 1634 13 the the DT 34457 1634 14 system system NN 34457 1634 15 ice ice NN 34457 1634 16 -- -- : 34457 1634 17 solution solution NN 34457 1634 18 -- -- : 34457 1634 19 vapour vapour UH 34457 1634 20 , , , 34457 1634 21 the the DT 34457 1634 22 concentration concentration NN 34457 1634 23 of of IN 34457 1634 24 the the DT 34457 1634 25 solution solution NN 34457 1634 26 will will MD 34457 1634 27 increase increase VB 34457 1634 28 , , , 34457 1634 29 ice ice NN 34457 1634 30 must must MD 34457 1634 31 melt melt VB 34457 1634 32 , , , 34457 1634 33 and and CC 34457 1634 34 the the DT 34457 1634 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 1634 36 must must MD 34457 1634 37 thereby thereby RB 34457 1634 38 fall fall VB 34457 1634 39 ; ; : 34457 1634 40 and and CC 34457 1634 41 this this DT 34457 1634 42 process process NN 34457 1634 43 also also RB 34457 1634 44 will will MD 34457 1634 45 go go VB 34457 1634 46 on on RP 34457 1634 47 until until IN 34457 1634 48 the the DT 34457 1634 49 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1634 50 point point NN 34457 1634 51 is be VBZ 34457 1634 52 reached reach VBN 34457 1634 53 . . . 34457 1635 1 In in IN 34457 1635 2 both both DT 34457 1635 3 cases case NNS 34457 1635 4 ice ice NN 34457 1635 5 melts melt NNS 34457 1635 6 and and CC 34457 1635 7 there there EX 34457 1635 8 is be VBZ 34457 1635 9 a a DT 34457 1635 10 change change NN 34457 1635 11 in in IN 34457 1635 12 the the DT 34457 1635 13 { { -LRB- 34457 1635 14 121 121 CD 34457 1635 15 } } -RRB- 34457 1635 16 composition composition NN 34457 1635 17 of of IN 34457 1635 18 the the DT 34457 1635 19 solution solution NN 34457 1635 20 ; ; : 34457 1635 21 in in IN 34457 1635 22 the the DT 34457 1635 23 former former JJ 34457 1635 24 case case NN 34457 1635 25 , , , 34457 1635 26 salt salt NN 34457 1635 27 will will MD 34457 1635 28 be be VB 34457 1635 29 deposited[201 deposited[201 . 34457 1635 30 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1635 31 because because IN 34457 1635 32 the the DT 34457 1635 33 solubility solubility NN 34457 1635 34 diminishes diminish VBZ 34457 1635 35 as as IN 34457 1635 36 the the DT 34457 1635 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 1635 38 falls fall VBZ 34457 1635 39 ; ; : 34457 1635 40 in in IN 34457 1635 41 the the DT 34457 1635 42 latter latter JJ 34457 1635 43 , , , 34457 1635 44 salt salt NN 34457 1635 45 will will MD 34457 1635 46 pass pass VB 34457 1635 47 into into IN 34457 1635 48 solution solution NN 34457 1635 49 . . . 34457 1636 1 This this DT 34457 1636 2 process process NN 34457 1636 3 may may MD 34457 1636 4 be be VB 34457 1636 5 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 1636 6 either either CC 34457 1636 7 by by IN 34457 1636 8 an an DT 34457 1636 9 evolution evolution NN 34457 1636 10 or or CC 34457 1636 11 , , , 34457 1636 12 more more RBR 34457 1636 13 generally generally RB 34457 1636 14 , , , 34457 1636 15 by by IN 34457 1636 16 absorption absorption NN 34457 1636 17 of of IN 34457 1636 18 heat heat NN 34457 1636 19 ; ; : 34457 1636 20 in in IN 34457 1636 21 the the DT 34457 1636 22 former former JJ 34457 1636 23 case case NN 34457 1636 24 the the DT 34457 1636 25 effect effect NN 34457 1636 26 of of IN 34457 1636 27 the the DT 34457 1636 28 addition addition NN 34457 1636 29 of of IN 34457 1636 30 ice ice NN 34457 1636 31 will will MD 34457 1636 32 be be VB 34457 1636 33 partially partially RB 34457 1636 34 counteracted counteract VBN 34457 1636 35 ; ; : 34457 1636 36 in in IN 34457 1636 37 the the DT 34457 1636 38 latter latter JJ 34457 1636 39 case case NN 34457 1636 40 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1636 41 will will MD 34457 1636 42 be be VB 34457 1636 43 augmented augment VBN 34457 1636 44 . . . 34457 1637 1 These these DT 34457 1637 2 principles principle NNS 34457 1637 3 are be VBP 34457 1637 4 made make VBN 34457 1637 5 use use NN 34457 1637 6 of of IN 34457 1637 7 in in IN 34457 1637 8 the the DT 34457 1637 9 preparation preparation NN 34457 1637 10 of of IN 34457 1637 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1637 12 freezing freeze VBG 34457 1637 13 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 1637 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1637 15 . . . 34457 1638 1 The the DT 34457 1638 2 lowest low JJS 34457 1638 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1638 4 which which WDT 34457 1638 5 can can MD 34457 1638 6 be be VB 34457 1638 7 reached reach VBN 34457 1638 8 by by IN 34457 1638 9 means mean NNS 34457 1638 10 of of IN 34457 1638 11 these these DT 34457 1638 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1638 13 under under IN 34457 1638 14 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1638 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1638 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1638 17 is be VBZ 34457 1638 18 the the DT 34457 1638 19 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1638 20 point point NN 34457 1638 21 . . . 34457 1639 1 This this DT 34457 1639 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1639 3 - - HYPH 34457 1639 4 minimum minimum NN 34457 1639 5 is be VBZ 34457 1639 6 , , , 34457 1639 7 however however RB 34457 1639 8 , , , 34457 1639 9 not not RB 34457 1639 10 always always RB 34457 1639 11 attained attain VBN 34457 1639 12 in in IN 34457 1639 13 the the DT 34457 1639 14 preparation preparation NN 34457 1639 15 of of IN 34457 1639 16 a a DT 34457 1639 17 freezing freezing JJ 34457 1639 18 mixture mixture NN 34457 1639 19 , , , 34457 1639 20 and and CC 34457 1639 21 that that IN 34457 1639 22 for for IN 34457 1639 23 various various JJ 34457 1639 24 reasons reason NNS 34457 1639 25 . . . 34457 1640 1 The the DT 34457 1640 2 chief chief NN 34457 1640 3 of of IN 34457 1640 4 these these DT 34457 1640 5 are be VBP 34457 1640 6 radiation radiation NN 34457 1640 7 and and CC 34457 1640 8 the the DT 34457 1640 9 heat heat NN 34457 1640 10 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 1640 11 in in IN 34457 1640 12 cooling cool VBG 34457 1640 13 the the DT 34457 1640 14 solution solution NN 34457 1640 15 produced produce VBN 34457 1640 16 . . . 34457 1641 1 The the DT 34457 1641 2 lower low JJR 34457 1641 3 the the DT 34457 1641 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 1641 5 falls fall VBZ 34457 1641 6 , , , 34457 1641 7 the the DT 34457 1641 8 more more RBR 34457 1641 9 rapid rapid JJ 34457 1641 10 does do VBZ 34457 1641 11 the the DT 34457 1641 12 radiation radiation NN 34457 1641 13 become become VB 34457 1641 14 ; ; : 34457 1641 15 and and CC 34457 1641 16 the the DT 34457 1641 17 rate rate NN 34457 1641 18 at at IN 34457 1641 19 which which WDT 34457 1641 20 the the DT 34457 1641 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1641 22 sinks sink VBZ 34457 1641 23 decreases decrease NNS 34457 1641 24 as as IN 34457 1641 25 the the DT 34457 1641 26 amount amount NN 34457 1641 27 of of IN 34457 1641 28 solution solution NN 34457 1641 29 increases increase NNS 34457 1641 30 . . . 34457 1642 1 Both both DT 34457 1642 2 these these DT 34457 1642 3 factors factor NNS 34457 1642 4 counteract counteract VBP 34457 1642 5 the the DT 34457 1642 6 effect effect NN 34457 1642 7 of of IN 34457 1642 8 the the DT 34457 1642 9 latent latent JJ 34457 1642 10 heat heat NN 34457 1642 11 of of IN 34457 1642 12 fusion fusion NN 34457 1642 13 and and CC 34457 1642 14 the the DT 34457 1642 15 heat heat NN 34457 1642 16 of of IN 34457 1642 17 solution solution NN 34457 1642 18 , , , 34457 1642 19 so so IN 34457 1642 20 that that IN 34457 1642 21 a a DT 34457 1642 22 point point NN 34457 1642 23 is be VBZ 34457 1642 24 reached reach VBN 34457 1642 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1642 26 which which WDT 34457 1642 27 may may MD 34457 1642 28 lie lie VB 34457 1642 29 considerably considerably RB 34457 1642 30 above above IN 34457 1642 31 the the DT 34457 1642 32 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1642 33 point point NN 34457 1642 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1642 35 at at IN 34457 1642 36 which which WDT 34457 1642 37 the the DT 34457 1642 38 two two CD 34457 1642 39 opposing opposing JJ 34457 1642 40 influences influence NNS 34457 1642 41 balance balance NN 34457 1642 42 . . . 34457 1643 1 The the DT 34457 1643 2 absorption absorption NN 34457 1643 3 of of IN 34457 1643 4 heat heat NN 34457 1643 5 by by IN 34457 1643 6 the the DT 34457 1643 7 solution solution NN 34457 1643 8 can can MD 34457 1643 9 be be VB 34457 1643 10 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1643 11 by by IN 34457 1643 12 allowing allow VBG 34457 1643 13 the the DT 34457 1643 14 solution solution NN 34457 1643 15 to to TO 34457 1643 16 drain drain VB 34457 1643 17 off off RP 34457 1643 18 as as RB 34457 1643 19 fast fast RB 34457 1643 20 as as IN 34457 1643 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1643 22 is be VBZ 34457 1643 23 produced produce VBN 34457 1643 24 ; ; : 34457 1643 25 and and CC 34457 1643 26 the the DT 34457 1643 27 effect effect NN 34457 1643 28 of of IN 34457 1643 29 radiation radiation NN 34457 1643 30 can can MD 34457 1643 31 be be VB 34457 1643 32 partially partially RB 34457 1643 33 annulled annul VBN 34457 1643 34 by by IN 34457 1643 35 increasing increase VBG 34457 1643 36 the the DT 34457 1643 37 rate rate NN 34457 1643 38 of of IN 34457 1643 39 cooling cooling NN 34457 1643 40 . . . 34457 1644 1 This this DT 34457 1644 2 can can MD 34457 1644 3 be be VB 34457 1644 4 done do VBN 34457 1644 5 by by IN 34457 1644 6 the the DT 34457 1644 7 more more RBR 34457 1644 8 intimate intimate JJ 34457 1644 9 mixing mixing NN 34457 1644 10 of of IN 34457 1644 11 the the DT 34457 1644 12 components component NNS 34457 1644 13 . . . 34457 1645 1 Since since IN 34457 1645 2 , , , 34457 1645 3 under under IN 34457 1645 4 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1645 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 1645 6 , , , 34457 1645 7 the the DT 34457 1645 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1645 9 of of IN 34457 1645 10 the the DT 34457 1645 11 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1645 12 point point NN 34457 1645 13 is be VBZ 34457 1645 14 constant constant JJ 34457 1645 15 , , , 34457 1645 16 the the DT 34457 1645 17 cryohydrates cryohydrate NNS 34457 1645 18 are be VBP 34457 1645 19 very very RB 34457 1645 20 valuable valuable JJ 34457 1645 21 for for IN 34457 1645 22 the the DT 34457 1645 23 production production NN 34457 1645 24 of of IN 34457 1645 25 baths bath NNS 34457 1645 26 of of IN 34457 1645 27 constant constant JJ 34457 1645 28 low low JJ 34457 1645 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1645 30 . . . 34457 1646 1 2 2 LS 34457 1646 2 . . . 34457 1647 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1647 2 Partial Partial NNP 34457 1647 3 Miscibility Miscibility NNP 34457 1647 4 of of IN 34457 1647 5 the the DT 34457 1647 6 Fused Fused NNP 34457 1647 7 Components Components NNP 34457 1647 8 . . . 34457 1647 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1647 10 On on IN 34457 1647 11 passing pass VBG 34457 1647 12 to to IN 34457 1647 13 the the DT 34457 1647 14 study study NN 34457 1647 15 of of IN 34457 1647 16 the the DT 34457 1647 17 second second JJ 34457 1647 18 class class NN 34457 1647 19 of of IN 34457 1647 20 systems system NNS 34457 1647 21 of of IN 34457 1647 22 two two CD 34457 1647 23 components component NNS 34457 1647 24 belonging belong VBG 34457 1647 25 to to IN 34457 1647 26 this this DT 34457 1647 27 group group NN 34457 1647 28 , , , 34457 1647 29 namely namely RB 34457 1647 30 , , , 34457 1647 31 those those DT 34457 1647 32 in in IN 34457 1647 33 which which WDT 34457 1647 34 the the DT 34457 1647 35 fused fuse VBN 34457 1647 36 components component NNS 34457 1647 37 are be VBP 34457 1647 38 not not RB 34457 1647 39 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1647 40 in in IN 34457 1647 41 all all DT 34457 1647 42 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1647 43 , , , 34457 1647 44 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1647 45 find find VBP 34457 1647 46 that that IN 34457 1647 47 the the DT 34457 1647 48 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1647 49 are be VBP 34457 1647 50 not not RB 34457 1647 51 quite quite RB 34457 1647 52 so so RB 34457 1647 53 simple simple JJ 34457 1647 54 as as IN 34457 1647 55 { { -LRB- 34457 1647 56 122 122 CD 34457 1647 57 } } -RRB- 34457 1647 58 in in IN 34457 1647 59 the the DT 34457 1647 60 case case NN 34457 1647 61 of of IN 34457 1647 62 silver silver NN 34457 1647 63 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 1647 64 and and CC 34457 1647 65 water water NN 34457 1647 66 . . . 34457 1648 1 In in IN 34457 1648 2 the the DT 34457 1648 3 latter latter JJ 34457 1648 4 case case NN 34457 1648 5 , , , 34457 1648 6 only only RB 34457 1648 7 one one CD 34457 1648 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1648 9 phase phase NN 34457 1648 10 was be VBD 34457 1648 11 possible possible JJ 34457 1648 12 ; ; : 34457 1648 13 in in IN 34457 1648 14 the the DT 34457 1648 15 cases case NNS 34457 1648 16 now now RB 34457 1648 17 to to TO 34457 1648 18 be be VB 34457 1648 19 studied study VBN 34457 1648 20 , , , 34457 1648 21 two two CD 34457 1648 22 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1648 23 phases phase NNS 34457 1648 24 can can MD 34457 1648 25 be be VB 34457 1648 26 formed form VBN 34457 1648 27 , , , 34457 1648 28 and and CC 34457 1648 29 there there EX 34457 1648 30 is be VBZ 34457 1648 31 a a DT 34457 1648 32 marked marked JJ 34457 1648 33 discontinuity discontinuity NN 34457 1648 34 in in IN 34457 1648 35 the the DT 34457 1648 36 solubility solubility NN 34457 1648 37 curve curve NN 34457 1648 38 on on IN 34457 1648 39 passing pass VBG 34457 1648 40 from from IN 34457 1648 41 the the DT 34457 1648 42 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1648 43 point point NN 34457 1648 44 to to IN 34457 1648 45 the the DT 34457 1648 46 melting melting NN 34457 1648 47 point point NN 34457 1648 48 of of IN 34457 1648 49 the the DT 34457 1648 50 second second JJ 34457 1648 51 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1648 52 non non JJ 34457 1648 53 - - JJ 34457 1648 54 volatile volatile JJ 34457 1648 55 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1648 56 component component NN 34457 1648 57 . . . 34457 1649 1 Paratoluidine paratoluidine NN 34457 1649 2 dissolves dissolve NNS 34457 1649 3 in in IN 34457 1649 4 water water NN 34457 1649 5 , , , 34457 1649 6 and and CC 34457 1649 7 the the DT 34457 1649 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 1649 9 increases increase VBZ 34457 1649 10 as as IN 34457 1649 11 the the DT 34457 1649 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1649 13 rises rise VBZ 34457 1649 14 . . . 34457 1650 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1650 2 202 202 CD 34457 1650 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1650 4 At at IN 34457 1650 5 44.2 44.2â CD 34457 1650 6 ° ° NNS 34457 1650 7 , , , 34457 1650 8 however however RB 34457 1650 9 , , , 34457 1650 10 paratoluidine paratoluidine NN 34457 1650 11 in in IN 34457 1650 12 contact contact NN 34457 1650 13 with with IN 34457 1650 14 water water NN 34457 1650 15 melts melt NNS 34457 1650 16 , , , 34457 1650 17 and and CC 34457 1650 18 two two CD 34457 1650 19 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1650 20 phases phase NNS 34457 1650 21 are be VBP 34457 1650 22 formed form VBN 34457 1650 23 , , , 34457 1650 24 viz viz NN 34457 1650 25 . . . 34457 1651 1 a a DT 34457 1651 2 solution solution NN 34457 1651 3 of of IN 34457 1651 4 water water NN 34457 1651 5 in in IN 34457 1651 6 fused fuse VBN 34457 1651 7 paratoluidine paratoluidine NN 34457 1651 8 and and CC 34457 1651 9 a a DT 34457 1651 10 solution solution NN 34457 1651 11 of of IN 34457 1651 12 fused fuse VBN 34457 1651 13 paratoluidine paratoluidine NN 34457 1651 14 in in IN 34457 1651 15 water water NN 34457 1651 16 . . . 34457 1652 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1652 2 have have VBP 34457 1652 3 , , , 34457 1652 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1652 5 , , , 34457 1652 6 the the DT 34457 1652 7 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 1652 8 of of IN 34457 1652 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1652 10 melting melt VBG 34457 1652 11 under under IN 34457 1652 12 the the DT 34457 1652 13 solvent solvent NN 34457 1652 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1652 15 . . . 34457 1653 1 This this DT 34457 1653 2 melting melting NN 34457 1653 3 point point NN 34457 1653 4 will will MD 34457 1653 5 , , , 34457 1653 6 of of IN 34457 1653 7 course course NN 34457 1653 8 , , , 34457 1653 9 be be VB 34457 1653 10 lower low JJR 34457 1653 11 than than IN 34457 1653 12 the the DT 34457 1653 13 melting melting NN 34457 1653 14 point point NN 34457 1653 15 of of IN 34457 1653 16 the the DT 34457 1653 17 pure pure JJ 34457 1653 18 substance substance NN 34457 1653 19 , , , 34457 1653 20 because because IN 34457 1653 21 the the DT 34457 1653 22 solid solid JJ 34457 1653 23 is be VBZ 34457 1653 24 now now RB 34457 1653 25 in in IN 34457 1653 26 contact contact NN 34457 1653 27 with with IN 34457 1653 28 a a DT 34457 1653 29 solution solution NN 34457 1653 30 , , , 34457 1653 31 and and CC 34457 1653 32 , , , 34457 1653 33 as as IN 34457 1653 34 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1653 35 have have VBP 34457 1653 36 already already RB 34457 1653 37 seen see VBN 34457 1653 38 , , , 34457 1653 39 addition addition NN 34457 1653 40 of of IN 34457 1653 41 a a DT 34457 1653 42 foreign foreign JJ 34457 1653 43 substance substance NN 34457 1653 44 lowers lower VBZ 34457 1653 45 the the DT 34457 1653 46 melting melting NN 34457 1653 47 point point NN 34457 1653 48 . . . 34457 1654 1 Such such JJ 34457 1654 2 cases case NNS 34457 1654 3 of of IN 34457 1654 4 melting melt VBG 34457 1654 5 under under IN 34457 1654 6 the the DT 34457 1654 7 solvent solvent NN 34457 1654 8 are be VBP 34457 1654 9 by by IN 34457 1654 10 no no DT 34457 1654 11 means means NN 34457 1654 12 rare rare JJ 34457 1654 13 , , , 34457 1654 14 and and CC 34457 1654 15 a a DT 34457 1654 16 review review NN 34457 1654 17 of of IN 34457 1654 18 the the DT 34457 1654 19 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1654 20 met meet VBD 34457 1654 21 with with IN 34457 1654 22 may may NNP 34457 1654 23 , , , 34457 1654 24 therefore therefore RB 34457 1654 25 , , , 34457 1654 26 be be VB 34457 1654 27 undertaken undertake VBN 34457 1654 28 here here RB 34457 1654 29 . . . 34457 1655 1 As as IN 34457 1655 2 an an DT 34457 1655 3 example example NN 34457 1655 4 , , , 34457 1655 5 there there EX 34457 1655 6 may may MD 34457 1655 7 be be VB 34457 1655 8 chosen choose VBN 34457 1655 9 the the DT 34457 1655 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1655 11 between between IN 34457 1655 12 succinic succinic JJ 34457 1655 13 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1655 14 , , , 34457 1655 15 C_{2}H_{4}(CN)_{2 C_{2}H_{4}(CN)_{2 NNP 34457 1655 16 } } -RRB- 34457 1655 17 and and CC 34457 1655 18 water water NN 34457 1655 19 , , , 34457 1655 20 which which WDT 34457 1655 21 has have VBZ 34457 1655 22 been be VBN 34457 1655 23 fully fully RB 34457 1655 24 studied study VBN 34457 1655 25 by by IN 34457 1655 26 Schreinemakers schreinemaker NNS 34457 1655 27 . . . 34457 1656 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1656 2 203 203 CD 34457 1656 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1656 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1656 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1656 6 : : : 34457 1656 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1656 8 . . . 34457 1657 1 30 30 CD 34457 1657 2 . . . 34457 1657 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1658 1 If if IN 34457 1658 2 to to IN 34457 1658 3 the the DT 34457 1658 4 system system NN 34457 1658 5 ice ice NN 34457 1658 6 -- -- : 34457 1658 7 water water NN 34457 1658 8 at at IN 34457 1658 9 0 0 NNP 34457 1658 10 ° ° , 34457 1658 11 succinic succinic JJ 34457 1658 12 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1658 13 is be VBZ 34457 1658 14 added add VBN 34457 1658 15 , , , 34457 1658 16 the the DT 34457 1658 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 1658 18 will will MD 34457 1658 19 fall fall VB 34457 1658 20 ; ; : 34457 1658 21 and and CC 34457 1658 22 continued continue VBN 34457 1658 23 addition addition NN 34457 1658 24 of of IN 34457 1658 25 the the DT 34457 1658 26 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1658 27 will will MD 34457 1658 28 lead lead VB 34457 1658 29 at at IN 34457 1658 30 last last RB 34457 1658 31 to to IN 34457 1658 32 the the DT 34457 1658 33 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1658 34 point point NN 34457 1658 35 _ _ NNP 34457 1658 36 b b NNP 34457 1658 37 _ _ NNP 34457 1658 38 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1658 39 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1658 40 . . . 34457 1659 1 30 30 CD 34457 1659 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1659 3 , , , 34457 1659 4 at at IN 34457 1659 5 which which WDT 34457 1659 6 solid solid JJ 34457 1659 7 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1659 8 , , , 34457 1659 9 ice ice NN 34457 1659 10 , , , 34457 1659 11 solution solution NN 34457 1659 12 , , , 34457 1659 13 and and CC 34457 1659 14 vapour vapour RB 34457 1659 15 can can MD 34457 1659 16 coexist coexist VB 34457 1659 17 . . . 34457 1660 1 The the DT 34457 1660 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1660 3 of of IN 34457 1660 4 the the DT 34457 1660 5 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1660 6 point point NN 34457 1660 7 is be VBZ 34457 1660 8 -1.2 -1.2 : 34457 1660 9 ° ° NNS 34457 1660 10 , , , 34457 1660 11 and and CC 34457 1660 12 the the DT 34457 1660 13 composition composition NN 34457 1660 14 of of IN 34457 1660 15 the the DT 34457 1660 16 solution solution NN 34457 1660 17 is be VBZ 34457 1660 18 1.29 1.29 CD 34457 1660 19 mol mol NN 34457 1660 20 . . . 34457 1661 1 of of IN 34457 1661 2 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1661 3 in in IN 34457 1661 4 100 100 CD 34457 1661 5 mol mol NN 34457 1661 6 . . . 34457 1662 1 of of IN 34457 1662 2 solution solution NN 34457 1662 3 . . . 34457 1663 1 From from IN 34457 1663 2 _ _ NNP 34457 1663 3 a a DT 34457 1663 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1663 5 to to IN 34457 1663 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1663 7 b b NNP 34457 1663 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1663 9 the the DT 34457 1663 10 solid solid JJ 34457 1663 11 phase phase NN 34457 1663 12 in in IN 34457 1663 13 contact contact NN 34457 1663 14 with with IN 34457 1663 15 the the DT 34457 1663 16 solution solution NN 34457 1663 17 is be VBZ 34457 1663 18 ice ice NN 34457 1663 19 . . . 34457 1664 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1664 2 123 123 CD 34457 1664 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1664 4 If if IN 34457 1664 5 the the DT 34457 1664 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 1664 7 be be VB 34457 1664 8 now now RB 34457 1664 9 raised raise VBN 34457 1664 10 so so IN 34457 1664 11 as as IN 34457 1664 12 to to TO 34457 1664 13 cause cause VB 34457 1664 14 the the DT 34457 1664 15 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 1664 16 of of IN 34457 1664 17 the the DT 34457 1664 18 ice ice NN 34457 1664 19 , , , 34457 1664 20 and and CC 34457 1664 21 the the DT 34457 1664 22 addition addition NN 34457 1664 23 of of IN 34457 1664 24 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1664 25 be be VB 34457 1664 26 continued continue VBN 34457 1664 27 , , , 34457 1664 28 the the DT 34457 1664 29 concentration concentration NN 34457 1664 30 of of IN 34457 1664 31 the the DT 34457 1664 32 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1664 33 in in IN 34457 1664 34 the the DT 34457 1664 35 solution solution NN 34457 1664 36 will will MD 34457 1664 37 increase increase VB 34457 1664 38 as as IN 34457 1664 39 represented represent VBN 34457 1664 40 by by IN 34457 1664 41 the the DT 34457 1664 42 curve curve NN 34457 1664 43 _ _ NNP 34457 1664 44 bc bc NNP 34457 1664 45 _ _ NNP 34457 1664 46 . . . 34457 1665 1 At at IN 34457 1665 2 the the DT 34457 1665 3 point point NN 34457 1665 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1665 5 c c NNP 34457 1665 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1665 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1665 8 18.5 18.5â CD 34457 1665 9 ° ° NNS 34457 1665 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1665 11 , , , 34457 1665 12 when when WRB 34457 1665 13 the the DT 34457 1665 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 1665 15 of of IN 34457 1665 16 the the DT 34457 1665 17 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1665 18 in in IN 34457 1665 19 the the DT 34457 1665 20 solution solution NN 34457 1665 21 has have VBZ 34457 1665 22 increased increase VBN 34457 1665 23 to to IN 34457 1665 24 2.5 2.5 CD 34457 1665 25 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1665 26 per per IN 34457 1665 27 cent cent NN 34457 1665 28 . . . 34457 1665 29 , , , 34457 1665 30 the the DT 34457 1665 31 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1665 32 melts melt NNS 34457 1665 33 and and CC 34457 1665 34 two two CD 34457 1665 35 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1665 36 phases phase NNS 34457 1665 37 are be VBP 34457 1665 38 formed form VBN 34457 1665 39 ; ; : 34457 1665 40 the the DT 34457 1665 41 concentration concentration NN 34457 1665 42 of of IN 34457 1665 43 the the DT 34457 1665 44 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1665 45 in in IN 34457 1665 46 these these DT 34457 1665 47 two two CD 34457 1665 48 phases phase NNS 34457 1665 49 is be VBZ 34457 1665 50 given give VBN 34457 1665 51 by by IN 34457 1665 52 the the DT 34457 1665 53 points point NNS 34457 1665 54 _ _ NNP 34457 1665 55 c c NNP 34457 1665 56 _ _ NNP 34457 1665 57 and and CC 34457 1665 58 _ _ NNP 34457 1665 59 c c NNP 34457 1665 60 ' ' '' 34457 1665 61 _ _ NNP 34457 1665 62 . . . 34457 1666 1 As as IN 34457 1666 2 there there EX 34457 1666 3 are be VBP 34457 1666 4 now now RB 34457 1666 5 four four CD 34457 1666 6 phases phase NNS 34457 1666 7 present present JJ 34457 1666 8 , , , 34457 1666 9 viz viz NN 34457 1666 10 . . . 34457 1667 1 solid solid JJ 34457 1667 2 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1667 3 , , , 34457 1667 4 solution solution NN 34457 1667 5 of of IN 34457 1667 6 fused fuse VBN 34457 1667 7 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1667 8 in in IN 34457 1667 9 water water NN 34457 1667 10 , , , 34457 1667 11 solution solution NN 34457 1667 12 of of IN 34457 1667 13 water water NN 34457 1667 14 in in IN 34457 1667 15 fused fuse VBN 34457 1667 16 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1667 17 , , , 34457 1667 18 and and CC 34457 1667 19 vapour vapour NNP 34457 1667 20 , , , 34457 1667 21 the the DT 34457 1667 22 system system NN 34457 1667 23 is be VBZ 34457 1667 24 _ _ NNP 34457 1667 25 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1667 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1667 27 . . . 34457 1668 1 Since since IN 34457 1668 2 at at IN 34457 1668 3 this this DT 34457 1668 4 point point NN 34457 1668 5 the the DT 34457 1668 6 concentration concentration NN 34457 1668 7 , , , 34457 1668 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1668 9 , , , 34457 1668 10 and and CC 34457 1668 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 1668 12 are be VBP 34457 1668 13 completely completely RB 34457 1668 14 defined define VBN 34457 1668 15 , , , 34457 1668 16 addition addition NN 34457 1668 17 or or CC 34457 1668 18 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1668 19 of of IN 34457 1668 20 heat heat NN 34457 1668 21 can can MD 34457 1668 22 only only RB 34457 1668 23 cause cause VB 34457 1668 24 a a DT 34457 1668 25 change change NN 34457 1668 26 in in IN 34457 1668 27 the the DT 34457 1668 28 relative relative JJ 34457 1668 29 amounts amount NNS 34457 1668 30 of of IN 34457 1668 31 the the DT 34457 1668 32 phases phase NNS 34457 1668 33 , , , 34457 1668 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1668 35 but but CC 34457 1668 36 no no DT 34457 1668 37 variation variation NN 34457 1668 38 of of IN 34457 1668 39 the the DT 34457 1668 40 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 1668 41 _ _ NNP 34457 1668 42 of of IN 34457 1668 43 the the DT 34457 1668 44 respective respective JJ 34457 1668 45 phases phase NNS 34457 1668 46 . . . 34457 1669 1 As as IN 34457 1669 2 a a DT 34457 1669 3 matter matter NN 34457 1669 4 of of IN 34457 1669 5 fact fact NN 34457 1669 6 , , , 34457 1669 7 continued continued JJ 34457 1669 8 addition addition NN 34457 1669 9 of of IN 34457 1669 10 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1669 11 and and CC 34457 1669 12 addition addition NN 34457 1669 13 of of IN 34457 1669 14 heat heat NN 34457 1669 15 will will MD 34457 1669 16 cause cause VB 34457 1669 17 an an DT 34457 1669 18 increase increase NN 34457 1669 19 in in IN 34457 1669 20 the the DT 34457 1669 21 amount amount NN 34457 1669 22 of of IN 34457 1669 23 the the DT 34457 1669 24 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1669 25 phase phase NN 34457 1669 26 containing contain VBG 34457 1669 27 excess excess NN 34457 1669 28 of of IN 34457 1669 29 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1669 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1669 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1669 32 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1669 33 _ _ NNP 34457 1669 34 the the DT 34457 1669 35 solution solution NN 34457 1669 36 of of IN 34457 1669 37 water water NN 34457 1669 38 in in IN 34457 1669 39 fused fuse VBN 34457 1669 40 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1669 41 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1669 42 , , , 34457 1669 43 whereas whereas IN 34457 1669 44 the the DT 34457 1669 45 other other JJ 34457 1669 46 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1669 47 phase phase NN 34457 1669 48 , , , 34457 1669 49 the the DT 34457 1669 50 solution solution NN 34457 1669 51 of of IN 34457 1669 52 fused fuse VBN 34457 1669 53 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1669 54 in in IN 34457 1669 55 water water NN 34457 1669 56 , , , 34457 1669 57 will will MD 34457 1669 58 gradually gradually RB 34457 1669 59 disappear disappear VB 34457 1669 60 . . . 34457 1670 1 When when WRB 34457 1670 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1670 3 has have VBZ 34457 1670 4 completely completely RB 34457 1670 5 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 1670 6 , , , 34457 1670 7 the the DT 34457 1670 8 system system NN 34457 1670 9 will will MD 34457 1670 10 be be VB 34457 1670 11 represented represent VBN 34457 1670 12 by by IN 34457 1670 13 the the DT 34457 1670 14 point point NN 34457 1670 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1670 16 c c NNP 34457 1670 17 ' ' '' 34457 1670 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1670 19 , , , 34457 1670 20 where where WRB 34457 1670 21 the the DT 34457 1670 22 molecular molecular JJ 34457 1670 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 1670 24 of of IN 34457 1670 25 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1670 26 is be VBZ 34457 1670 27 now now RB 34457 1670 28 75 75 CD 34457 1670 29 per per NN 34457 1670 30 cent cent NN 34457 1670 31 . . . 34457 1670 32 , , , 34457 1670 33 and and CC 34457 1670 34 again again RB 34457 1670 35 becomes become VBZ 34457 1670 36 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1670 37 , , , 34457 1670 38 the the DT 34457 1670 39 three three CD 34457 1670 40 phases phase NNS 34457 1670 41 being be VBG 34457 1670 42 solid solid JJ 34457 1670 43 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1670 44 , , , 34457 1670 45 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1670 46 phase phase NN 34457 1670 47 containing contain VBG 34457 1670 48 excess excess NN 34457 1670 49 of of IN 34457 1670 50 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1670 51 , , , 34457 1670 52 and and CC 34457 1670 53 vapour vapour RB 34457 1670 54 ; ; : 34457 1670 55 and and CC 34457 1670 56 as as IN 34457 1670 57 the the DT 34457 1670 58 amount amount NN 34457 1670 59 of of IN 34457 1670 60 the the DT 34457 1670 61 water water NN 34457 1670 62 is be VBZ 34457 1670 63 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1670 64 the the DT 34457 1670 65 temperature temperature NN 34457 1670 66 of of IN 34457 1670 67 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1670 68 rises rise VBZ 34457 1670 69 , , , 34457 1670 70 until until IN 34457 1670 71 at at IN 34457 1670 72 54 54 NNP 34457 1670 73 ° ° , 34457 1670 74 the the DT 34457 1670 75 melting melting NN 34457 1670 76 point point NN 34457 1670 77 of of IN 34457 1670 78 the the DT 34457 1670 79 pure pure JJ 34457 1670 80 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1670 81 is be VBZ 34457 1670 82 reached reach VBN 34457 1670 83 . . . 34457 1671 1 Return return NN 34457 1671 2 now now RB 34457 1671 3 to to IN 34457 1671 4 the the DT 34457 1671 5 point point NN 34457 1671 6 c. c. NN 34457 1671 7 At at IN 34457 1671 8 this this DT 34457 1671 9 point point NN 34457 1671 10 there there EX 34457 1671 11 exists exist VBZ 34457 1671 12 the the DT 34457 1671 13 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1671 14 system system NN 34457 1671 15 solid solid JJ 34457 1671 16 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1671 17 , , , 34457 1671 18 two two CD 34457 1671 19 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1671 20 phases phase NNS 34457 1671 21 , , , 34457 1671 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 1671 23 . . . 34457 1672 1 If if IN 34457 1672 2 heat heat NN 34457 1672 3 be be VB 34457 1672 4 added add VBN 34457 1672 5 , , , 34457 1672 6 the the DT 34457 1672 7 solid solid JJ 34457 1672 8 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1672 9 will will MD 34457 1672 10 disappear disappear VB 34457 1672 11 , , , 34457 1672 12 and and CC 34457 1672 13 there there EX 34457 1672 14 will will MD 34457 1672 15 be be VB 34457 1672 16 left leave VBN 34457 1672 17 the the DT 34457 1672 18 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1672 19 system system NN 34457 1672 20 , , , 34457 1672 21 consisting consist VBG 34457 1672 22 of of IN 34457 1672 23 two two CD 34457 1672 24 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1672 25 phases phase NNS 34457 1672 26 and and CC 34457 1672 27 vapour vapour NN 34457 1672 28 . . . 34457 1673 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1673 2 204 204 CD 34457 1673 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1673 4 Such such PDT 34457 1673 5 a a DT 34457 1673 6 system system NN 34457 1673 7 will will MD 34457 1673 8 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1673 9 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1673 10 similar similar JJ 34457 1673 11 to to IN 34457 1673 12 those those DT 34457 1673 13 already already RB 34457 1673 14 studied study VBN 34457 1673 15 in in IN 34457 1673 16 the the DT 34457 1673 17 previous previous JJ 34457 1673 18 chapter chapter NN 34457 1673 19 . . . 34457 1674 1 As as IN 34457 1674 2 the the DT 34457 1674 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1674 4 rises rise VBZ 34457 1674 5 , , , 34457 1674 6 the the DT 34457 1674 7 mutual mutual JJ 34457 1674 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 1674 9 of of IN 34457 1674 10 the the DT 34457 1674 11 two two CD 34457 1674 12 fused fuse VBN 34457 1674 13 components component NNS 34457 1674 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 1674 15 greater great JJR 34457 1674 16 , , , 34457 1674 17 until until IN 34457 1674 18 at at IN 34457 1674 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1674 20 d d NNP 34457 1674 21 _ _ NNP 34457 1674 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1674 23 55.5 55.5â CD 34457 1674 24 ° ° NNS 34457 1674 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1674 26 the the DT 34457 1674 27 critical critical JJ 34457 1674 28 solution solution NN 34457 1674 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1674 30 is be VBZ 34457 1674 31 reached reach VBN 34457 1674 32 , , , 34457 1674 33 and and CC 34457 1674 34 the the DT 34457 1674 35 fused fuse VBN 34457 1674 36 components component NNS 34457 1674 37 become become VBP 34457 1674 38 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1674 39 in in IN 34457 1674 40 all all DT 34457 1674 41 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1674 42 . . . 34457 1675 1 At at IN 34457 1675 2 all all DT 34457 1675 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1675 4 and and CC 34457 1675 5 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 1675 6 lying lie VBG 34457 1675 7 to to IN 34457 1675 8 the the DT 34457 1675 9 right right NN 34457 1675 10 { { -LRB- 34457 1675 11 124 124 CD 34457 1675 12 } } -RRB- 34457 1675 13 of of IN 34457 1675 14 the the DT 34457 1675 15 curve curve NN 34457 1675 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1675 17 abcdc'e abcdc'e XX 34457 1675 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1675 19 there there EX 34457 1675 20 can can MD 34457 1675 21 be be VB 34457 1675 22 only only RB 34457 1675 23 one one CD 34457 1675 24 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1675 25 phase phase NN 34457 1675 26 ; ; : 34457 1675 27 in in IN 34457 1675 28 the the DT 34457 1675 29 field field NN 34457 1675 30 _ _ NNP 34457 1675 31 cdc cdc NNP 34457 1675 32 ' ' `` 34457 1675 33 _ _ NNP 34457 1675 34 there there EX 34457 1675 35 are be VBP 34457 1675 36 two two CD 34457 1675 37 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1675 38 phases phase NNS 34457 1675 39 . . . 34457 1676 1 From from IN 34457 1676 2 the the DT 34457 1676 3 figure figure NN 34457 1676 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1676 5 will will MD 34457 1676 6 be be VB 34457 1676 7 easy easy JJ 34457 1676 8 to to TO 34457 1676 9 see see VB 34457 1676 10 what what WP 34457 1676 11 will will MD 34457 1676 12 be be VB 34457 1676 13 the the DT 34457 1676 14 result result NN 34457 1676 15 of of IN 34457 1676 16 bringing bring VBG 34457 1676 17 together together RB 34457 1676 18 succinic succinic JJ 34457 1676 19 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1676 20 and and CC 34457 1676 21 water water NN 34457 1676 22 at at IN 34457 1676 23 different different JJ 34457 1676 24 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1676 25 and and CC 34457 1676 26 in in IN 34457 1676 27 different different JJ 34457 1676 28 amounts amount NNS 34457 1676 29 . . . 34457 1677 1 Since since IN 34457 1677 2 _ _ NNP 34457 1677 3 b b NNP 34457 1677 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1677 5 is be VBZ 34457 1677 6 the the DT 34457 1677 7 lowest low JJS 34457 1677 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1677 9 at at IN 34457 1677 10 which which WDT 34457 1677 11 liquid liquid NN 34457 1677 12 can can MD 34457 1677 13 exist exist VB 34457 1677 14 in in IN 34457 1677 15 stable stable JJ 34457 1677 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1677 17 with with IN 34457 1677 18 solid solid JJ 34457 1677 19 , , , 34457 1677 20 ice ice NN 34457 1677 21 and and CC 34457 1677 22 succinic succinic JJ 34457 1677 23 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1677 24 can can MD 34457 1677 25 be be VB 34457 1677 26 mixed mix VBN 34457 1677 27 in in IN 34457 1677 28 any any DT 34457 1677 29 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1677 30 at at IN 34457 1677 31 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1677 32 below below IN 34457 1677 33 _ _ NNP 34457 1677 34 b b NNP 34457 1677 35 _ _ NNP 34457 1677 36 without without IN 34457 1677 37 undergoing undergoing JJ 34457 1677 38 change change NN 34457 1677 39 . . . 34457 1678 1 Between between IN 34457 1678 2 _ _ NNP 34457 1678 3 b b NNP 34457 1678 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1678 5 and and CC 34457 1678 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1678 7 c c NNP 34457 1678 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1678 9 succinic succinic JJ 34457 1678 10 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1678 11 will will MD 34457 1678 12 be be VB 34457 1678 13 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1678 14 until until IN 34457 1678 15 the the DT 34457 1678 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 1678 17 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1678 18 the the DT 34457 1678 19 value value NN 34457 1678 20 on on IN 34457 1678 21 the the DT 34457 1678 22 curve curve NN 34457 1678 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1678 24 bc bc NNP 34457 1678 25 _ _ NNP 34457 1678 26 , , , 34457 1678 27 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 1678 28 to to IN 34457 1678 29 the the DT 34457 1678 30 given give VBN 34457 1678 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 1678 32 . . . 34457 1679 1 On on IN 34457 1679 2 adding add VBG 34457 1679 3 the the DT 34457 1679 4 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1679 5 to to TO 34457 1679 6 water water VB 34457 1679 7 at at IN 34457 1679 8 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1679 9 between between IN 34457 1679 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1679 11 c c NNP 34457 1679 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1679 13 and and CC 34457 1679 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1679 15 d d NNP 34457 1679 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1679 17 , , , 34457 1679 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1679 19 will will MD 34457 1679 20 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1679 21 until until IN 34457 1679 22 a a DT 34457 1679 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 1679 24 lying lie VBG 34457 1679 25 on on IN 34457 1679 26 the the DT 34457 1679 27 curve curve NN 34457 1679 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1679 29 cd cd NNP 34457 1679 30 _ _ NNP 34457 1679 31 is be VBZ 34457 1679 32 attained attain VBN 34457 1679 33 ; ; : 34457 1679 34 at at IN 34457 1679 35 this this DT 34457 1679 36 point point NN 34457 1679 37 two two CD 34457 1679 38 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1679 39 phases phase NNS 34457 1679 40 will will MD 34457 1679 41 be be VB 34457 1679 42 formed form VBN 34457 1679 43 , , , 34457 1679 44 and and CC 34457 1679 45 further further JJ 34457 1679 46 addition addition NN 34457 1679 47 of of IN 34457 1679 48 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1679 49 will will MD 34457 1679 50 cause cause VB 34457 1679 51 the the DT 34457 1679 52 one one CD 34457 1679 53 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1679 54 phase phase NN 34457 1679 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1679 56 that that IN 34457 1679 57 containing contain VBG 34457 1679 58 excess excess NN 34457 1679 59 of of IN 34457 1679 60 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1679 61 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1679 62 to to TO 34457 1679 63 increase increase VB 34457 1679 64 , , , 34457 1679 65 while while IN 34457 1679 66 the the DT 34457 1679 67 other other JJ 34457 1679 68 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1679 69 phase phase NN 34457 1679 70 will will MD 34457 1679 71 decrease decrease VB 34457 1679 72 , , , 34457 1679 73 until until IN 34457 1679 74 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1679 75 finally finally RB 34457 1679 76 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 1679 77 and and CC 34457 1679 78 there there EX 34457 1679 79 is be VBZ 34457 1679 80 only only RB 34457 1679 81 one one CD 34457 1679 82 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1679 83 phase phase NN 34457 1679 84 left leave VBN 34457 1679 85 , , , 34457 1679 86 that that IN 34457 1679 87 containing contain VBG 34457 1679 88 excess excess NN 34457 1679 89 of of IN 34457 1679 90 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 1679 91 . . . 34457 1680 1 This this DT 34457 1680 2 can can MD 34457 1680 3 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 1680 4 further further JJ 34457 1680 5 quantities quantity NNS 34457 1680 6 of of IN 34457 1680 7 the the DT 34457 1680 8 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1680 9 , , , 34457 1680 10 and and CC 34457 1680 11 the the DT 34457 1680 12 concentration concentration NN 34457 1680 13 will will MD 34457 1680 14 increase increase VB 34457 1680 15 until until IN 34457 1680 16 the the DT 34457 1680 17 curve curve NN 34457 1680 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1680 19 c'e c'e NNP 34457 1680 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1680 21 is be VBZ 34457 1680 22 reached reach VBN 34457 1680 23 , , , 34457 1680 24 when when WRB 34457 1680 25 the the DT 34457 1680 26 concentration concentration NN 34457 1680 27 will will MD 34457 1680 28 remain remain VB 34457 1680 29 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1680 30 , , , 34457 1680 31 and and CC 34457 1680 32 addition addition NN 34457 1680 33 of of IN 34457 1680 34 solid solid JJ 34457 1680 35 will will MD 34457 1680 36 merely merely RB 34457 1680 37 increase increase VB 34457 1680 38 the the DT 34457 1680 39 amount amount NN 34457 1680 40 of of IN 34457 1680 41 the the DT 34457 1680 42 solid solid JJ 34457 1680 43 phase phase NN 34457 1680 44 . . . 34457 1681 1 If if IN 34457 1681 2 a a DT 34457 1681 3 solution solution NN 34457 1681 4 represented represent VBN 34457 1681 5 by by IN 34457 1681 6 any any DT 34457 1681 7 point point NN 34457 1681 8 in in IN 34457 1681 9 the the DT 34457 1681 10 field field NN 34457 1681 11 lying lie VBG 34457 1681 12 below below IN 34457 1681 13 the the DT 34457 1681 14 curve curve NN 34457 1681 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1681 16 bcd bcd NNP 34457 1681 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1681 18 is be VBZ 34457 1681 19 heated heat VBN 34457 1681 20 to to IN 34457 1681 21 a a DT 34457 1681 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1681 23 above above IN 34457 1681 24 _ _ NNP 34457 1681 25 d d NNP 34457 1681 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1681 27 , , , 34457 1681 28 the the DT 34457 1681 29 critical critical JJ 34457 1681 30 solution solution NN 34457 1681 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 1681 32 , , , 34457 1681 33 then then RB 34457 1681 34 the the DT 34457 1681 35 concentration concentration NN 34457 1681 36 of of IN 34457 1681 37 the the DT 34457 1681 38 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 1681 39 can can MD 34457 1681 40 be be VB 34457 1681 41 increased increase VBN 34457 1681 42 to to IN 34457 1681 43 any any DT 34457 1681 44 desired desire VBN 34457 1681 45 amount amount NN 34457 1681 46 without without IN 34457 1681 47 at at IN 34457 1681 48 any any DT 34457 1681 49 time time NN 34457 1681 50 two two CD 34457 1681 51 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1681 52 phases phase NNS 34457 1681 53 making make VBG 34457 1681 54 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1681 55 appearance appearance NN 34457 1681 56 ; ; : 34457 1681 57 the the DT 34457 1681 58 system system NN 34457 1681 59 can can MD 34457 1681 60 then then RB 34457 1681 61 be be VB 34457 1681 62 cooled cool VBN 34457 1681 63 down down RP 34457 1681 64 to to IN 34457 1681 65 a a DT 34457 1681 66 temperature temperature NN 34457 1681 67 represented represent VBN 34457 1681 68 by by IN 34457 1681 69 any any DT 34457 1681 70 point point NN 34457 1681 71 between between IN 34457 1681 72 the the DT 34457 1681 73 curves curve NNS 34457 1681 74 _ _ NNP 34457 1681 75 dc'e dc'e NNP 34457 1681 76 _ _ NNP 34457 1681 77 . . . 34457 1682 1 In in IN 34457 1682 2 this this DT 34457 1682 3 way way NN 34457 1682 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1682 5 is be VBZ 34457 1682 6 possible possible JJ 34457 1682 7 to to TO 34457 1682 8 pass pass VB 34457 1682 9 continuously continuously RB 34457 1682 10 from from IN 34457 1682 11 a a DT 34457 1682 12 solution solution NN 34457 1682 13 containing contain VBG 34457 1682 14 excess excess NN 34457 1682 15 of of IN 34457 1682 16 one one CD 34457 1682 17 component component NN 34457 1682 18 to to IN 34457 1682 19 solutions solution NNS 34457 1682 20 containing contain VBG 34457 1682 21 excess excess NN 34457 1682 22 of of IN 34457 1682 23 the the DT 34457 1682 24 other other JJ 34457 1682 25 , , , 34457 1682 26 as as IN 34457 1682 27 represented represent VBN 34457 1682 28 by by IN 34457 1682 29 the the DT 34457 1682 30 dotted dotted JJ 34457 1682 31 line line NN 34457 1682 32 _ _ NNP 34457 1682 33 xxxx xxxx NNP 34457 1682 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1682 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1682 36 _ _ NNP 34457 1682 37 v. v. IN 34457 1682 38 _ _ NNP 34457 1682 39 p. p. NN 34457 1682 40 100 100 CD 34457 1682 41 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1682 42 . . . 34457 1683 1 At at IN 34457 1683 2 no no DT 34457 1683 3 point point NN 34457 1683 4 is be VBZ 34457 1683 5 there there EX 34457 1683 6 formation formation NN 34457 1683 7 of of IN 34457 1683 8 two two CD 34457 1683 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1683 10 phases phase NNS 34457 1683 11 . . . 34457 1684 1 Supersaturation.--Just Supersaturation.--Just VBN 34457 1684 2 as as IN 34457 1684 3 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1684 4 transformation transformation NN 34457 1684 5 is be VBZ 34457 1684 6 rarely rarely RB 34457 1684 7 met meet VBN 34457 1684 8 with with IN 34457 1684 9 in in IN 34457 1684 10 the the DT 34457 1684 11 passage passage NN 34457 1684 12 from from IN 34457 1684 13 the the DT 34457 1684 14 solid solid JJ 34457 1684 15 to to IN 34457 1684 16 the the DT 34457 1684 17 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1684 18 state state NN 34457 1684 19 , , , 34457 1684 20 so so RB 34457 1684 21 also also RB 34457 1684 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1684 23 is be VBZ 34457 1684 24 found find VBN 34457 1684 25 in in IN 34457 1684 26 the the DT 34457 1684 27 case case NN 34457 1684 28 of of IN 34457 1684 29 the the DT 34457 1684 30 melting melting NN 34457 1684 31 of of IN 34457 1684 32 substances substance NNS 34457 1684 33 under under IN 34457 1684 34 the the DT 34457 1684 35 solvent solvent NN 34457 1684 36 that that WDT 34457 1684 37 suspended suspend VBD 34457 1684 38 fusion fusion NN 34457 1684 39 does do VBZ 34457 1684 40 not not RB 34457 1684 41 occur occur VB 34457 1684 42 ; ; : 34457 1684 43 but but CC 34457 1684 44 that that IN 34457 1684 45 when when WRB 34457 1684 46 the the DT 34457 1684 47 temperature temperature NN 34457 1684 48 of of IN 34457 1684 49 the the DT 34457 1684 50 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1684 51 point point NN 34457 1684 52 is be VBZ 34457 1684 53 reached reach VBN 34457 1684 54 at at IN 34457 1684 55 which which WDT 34457 1684 56 , , , 34457 1684 57 therefore therefore RB 34457 1684 58 , , , 34457 1684 59 the the DT 34457 1684 60 formation formation NN 34457 1684 61 of of IN 34457 1684 62 two two CD 34457 1684 63 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1684 64 layers layer NNS 34457 1684 65 is be VBZ 34457 1684 66 possible possible JJ 34457 1684 67 , , , 34457 1684 68 { { -LRB- 34457 1684 69 125 125 CD 34457 1684 70 } } -RRB- 34457 1684 71 these these DT 34457 1684 72 two two CD 34457 1684 73 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1684 74 layers layer NNS 34457 1684 75 , , , 34457 1684 76 as as IN 34457 1684 77 a a DT 34457 1684 78 matter matter NN 34457 1684 79 of of IN 34457 1684 80 fact fact NN 34457 1684 81 , , , 34457 1684 82 make make VB 34457 1684 83 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1684 84 appearance appearance NN 34457 1684 85 . . . 34457 1685 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 1685 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 1685 3 can can MD 34457 1685 4 , , , 34457 1685 5 however however RB 34457 1685 6 , , , 34457 1685 7 take take VB 34457 1685 8 place place NN 34457 1685 9 from from IN 34457 1685 10 the the DT 34457 1685 11 side side NN 34457 1685 12 of of IN 34457 1685 13 the the DT 34457 1685 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1685 15 phase phase NN 34457 1685 16 , , , 34457 1685 17 just just RB 34457 1685 18 as as IN 34457 1685 19 water water NN 34457 1685 20 or or CC 34457 1685 21 other other JJ 34457 1685 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 1685 23 can can MD 34457 1685 24 be be VB 34457 1685 25 cooled cool VBN 34457 1685 26 below below IN 34457 1685 27 the the DT 34457 1685 28 normal normal JJ 34457 1685 29 freezing freezing NN 34457 1685 30 point point NN 34457 1685 31 without without IN 34457 1685 32 solidification solidification NN 34457 1685 33 occurring occurring NN 34457 1685 34 . . . 34457 1686 1 The the DT 34457 1686 2 question question NN 34457 1686 3 , , , 34457 1686 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1686 5 , , , 34457 1686 6 arises arise VBZ 34457 1686 7 as as IN 34457 1686 8 to to IN 34457 1686 9 the the DT 34457 1686 10 relative relative JJ 34457 1686 11 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 1686 12 of of IN 34457 1686 13 the the DT 34457 1686 14 solid solid JJ 34457 1686 15 and and CC 34457 1686 16 the the DT 34457 1686 17 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1686 18 liquid liquid NN 34457 1686 19 at at IN 34457 1686 20 the the DT 34457 1686 21 same same JJ 34457 1686 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1686 23 . . . 34457 1687 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1687 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1687 3 : : : 34457 1687 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1687 5 . . . 34457 1688 1 31 31 CD 34457 1688 2 . . . 34457 1688 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1689 1 The the DT 34457 1689 2 answer answer NN 34457 1689 3 to to IN 34457 1689 4 this this DT 34457 1689 5 question question NN 34457 1689 6 can can MD 34457 1689 7 at at IN 34457 1689 8 once once RB 34457 1689 9 be be VB 34457 1689 10 given give VBN 34457 1689 11 from from IN 34457 1689 12 what what WP 34457 1689 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1689 14 have have VBP 34457 1689 15 already already RB 34457 1689 16 learned learn VBN 34457 1689 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1689 18 p. p. NN 34457 1689 19 113 113 CD 34457 1689 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1689 21 , , , 34457 1689 22 if if IN 34457 1689 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1689 24 recollect recollect VBP 34457 1689 25 that that IN 34457 1689 26 at at IN 34457 1689 27 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1689 28 below below IN 34457 1689 29 the the DT 34457 1689 30 point point NN 34457 1689 31 of of IN 34457 1689 32 fusion fusion NN 34457 1689 33 under under IN 34457 1689 34 the the DT 34457 1689 35 solvent solvent NN 34457 1689 36 , , , 34457 1689 37 the the DT 34457 1689 38 solid solid JJ 34457 1689 39 form form NN 34457 1689 40 , , , 34457 1689 41 at at IN 34457 1689 42 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1689 43 above above IN 34457 1689 44 that that DT 34457 1689 45 point point NN 34457 1689 46 , , , 34457 1689 47 the the DT 34457 1689 48 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1689 49 form form NN 34457 1689 50 , , , 34457 1689 51 is be VBZ 34457 1689 52 the the DT 34457 1689 53 more more RBR 34457 1689 54 stable stable JJ 34457 1689 55 ; ; : 34457 1689 56 at at IN 34457 1689 57 this this DT 34457 1689 58 temperature temperature NN 34457 1689 59 , , , 34457 1689 60 therefore therefore RB 34457 1689 61 , , , 34457 1689 62 the the DT 34457 1689 63 relative relative JJ 34457 1689 64 stability stability NN 34457 1689 65 of of IN 34457 1689 66 the the DT 34457 1689 67 solid solid JJ 34457 1689 68 and and CC 34457 1689 69 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1689 70 forms form NNS 34457 1689 71 changes change NNS 34457 1689 72 . . . 34457 1690 1 Since since IN 34457 1690 2 , , , 34457 1690 3 as as IN 34457 1690 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1690 5 have have VBP 34457 1690 6 already already RB 34457 1690 7 seen see VBN 34457 1690 8 , , , 34457 1690 9 the the DT 34457 1690 10 less less RBR 34457 1690 11 stable stable JJ 34457 1690 12 form form NN 34457 1690 13 has have VBZ 34457 1690 14 the the DT 34457 1690 15 greater great JJR 34457 1690 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 1690 17 , , , 34457 1690 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1690 19 follows follow VBZ 34457 1690 20 that that IN 34457 1690 21 the the DT 34457 1690 22 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1690 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 1690 24 , , , 34457 1690 25 being be VBG 34457 1690 26 the the DT 34457 1690 27 less less RBR 34457 1690 28 stable stable JJ 34457 1690 29 form form NN 34457 1690 30 , , , 34457 1690 31 must must MD 34457 1690 32 have have VB 34457 1690 33 the the DT 34457 1690 34 greater great JJR 34457 1690 35 solubility solubility NN 34457 1690 36 . . . 34457 1691 1 This this DT 34457 1691 2 was be VBD 34457 1691 3 first first RB 34457 1691 4 proved prove VBN 34457 1691 5 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1691 6 by by IN 34457 1691 7 Alexejeff[205 Alexejeff[205 NNP 34457 1691 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1691 9 in in IN 34457 1691 10 the the DT 34457 1691 11 case case NN 34457 1691 12 of of IN 34457 1691 13 benzoic benzoic NNP 34457 1691 14 acid acid NN 34457 1691 15 and and CC 34457 1691 16 water water NN 34457 1691 17 , , , 34457 1691 18 the the DT 34457 1691 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 1691 20 curves curve VBZ 34457 1691 21 for for IN 34457 1691 22 which which WDT 34457 1691 23 are be VBP 34457 1691 24 given give VBN 34457 1691 25 in in IN 34457 1691 26 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1691 27 . . . 34457 1692 1 31 31 CD 34457 1692 2 . . . 34457 1693 1 As as IN 34457 1693 2 can can MD 34457 1693 3 be be VB 34457 1693 4 seen see VBN 34457 1693 5 from from IN 34457 1693 6 the the DT 34457 1693 7 figure figure NN 34457 1693 8 , , , 34457 1693 9 the the DT 34457 1693 10 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 1693 11 of of IN 34457 1693 12 the the DT 34457 1693 13 curve curve NN 34457 1693 14 for for IN 34457 1693 15 liquid liquid NN 34457 1693 16 -- -- : 34457 1693 17 liquid liquid NN 34457 1693 18 , , , 34457 1693 19 which which WDT 34457 1693 20 represents represent VBZ 34457 1693 21 the the DT 34457 1693 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 1693 23 of of IN 34457 1693 24 the the DT 34457 1693 25 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1693 26 liquid liquid NN 34457 1693 27 benzoic benzoic NNP 34457 1693 28 acid acid NN 34457 1693 29 , , , 34457 1693 30 lies lie VBZ 34457 1693 31 above above IN 34457 1693 32 that that DT 34457 1693 33 for for IN 34457 1693 34 the the DT 34457 1693 35 solubility solubility NN 34457 1693 36 of of IN 34457 1693 37 the the DT 34457 1693 38 { { -LRB- 34457 1693 39 126 126 CD 34457 1693 40 } } -RRB- 34457 1693 41 solid solid JJ 34457 1693 42 benzoic benzoic JJ 34457 1693 43 acid acid NN 34457 1693 44 in in IN 34457 1693 45 water water NN 34457 1693 46 ; ; : 34457 1693 47 the the DT 34457 1693 48 solution solution NN 34457 1693 49 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1693 50 with with IN 34457 1693 51 respect respect NN 34457 1693 52 to to IN 34457 1693 53 the the DT 34457 1693 54 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 1693 55 liquid liquid NN 34457 1693 56 is be VBZ 34457 1693 57 therefore therefore RB 34457 1693 58 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1693 59 with with IN 34457 1693 60 respect respect NN 34457 1693 61 to to IN 34457 1693 62 the the DT 34457 1693 63 solid solid JJ 34457 1693 64 form form NN 34457 1693 65 . . . 34457 1694 1 A a DT 34457 1694 2 similar similar JJ 34457 1694 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1694 4 has have VBZ 34457 1694 5 been be VBN 34457 1694 6 found find VBN 34457 1694 7 in in IN 34457 1694 8 the the DT 34457 1694 9 case case NN 34457 1694 10 of of IN 34457 1694 11 other other JJ 34457 1694 12 substances substance NNS 34457 1694 13 . . . 34457 1695 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1695 2 206 206 CD 34457 1695 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1695 4 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1695 5 - - HYPH 34457 1695 6 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1695 7 Diagram.--Having diagram.--having NN 34457 1695 8 considered consider VBD 34457 1695 9 the the DT 34457 1695 10 changes change NNS 34457 1695 11 which which WDT 34457 1695 12 occur occur VBP 34457 1695 13 in in IN 34457 1695 14 the the DT 34457 1695 15 concentration concentration NN 34457 1695 16 of of IN 34457 1695 17 the the DT 34457 1695 18 components component NNS 34457 1695 19 in in IN 34457 1695 20 a a DT 34457 1695 21 solution solution NN 34457 1695 22 with with IN 34457 1695 23 the the DT 34457 1695 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 1695 25 , , , 34457 1695 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1695 27 may may MD 34457 1695 28 conclude conclude VB 34457 1695 29 the the DT 34457 1695 30 discussion discussion NN 34457 1695 31 of of IN 34457 1695 32 the the DT 34457 1695 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1695 34 between between IN 34457 1695 35 a a DT 34457 1695 36 salt salt NN 34457 1695 37 and and CC 34457 1695 38 water water NN 34457 1695 39 by by IN 34457 1695 40 studying study VBG 34457 1695 41 the the DT 34457 1695 42 variation variation NN 34457 1695 43 of of IN 34457 1695 44 the the DT 34457 1695 45 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1695 46 pressure pressure NN 34457 1695 47 . . . 34457 1696 1 Since since IN 34457 1696 2 in in IN 34457 1696 3 systems system NNS 34457 1696 4 of of IN 34457 1696 5 two two CD 34457 1696 6 components component NNS 34457 1696 7 the the DT 34457 1696 8 two two CD 34457 1696 9 phases phase NNS 34457 1696 10 , , , 34457 1696 11 solution solution NN 34457 1696 12 and and CC 34457 1696 13 vapour vapour NN 34457 1696 14 , , , 34457 1696 15 constitute constitute VB 34457 1696 16 a a DT 34457 1696 17 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1696 18 system system NN 34457 1696 19 , , , 34457 1696 20 the the DT 34457 1696 21 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1696 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1696 23 is be VBZ 34457 1696 24 undefined undefined JJ 34457 1696 25 , , , 34457 1696 26 and and CC 34457 1696 27 may may MD 34457 1696 28 have have VB 34457 1696 29 different different JJ 34457 1696 30 values value NNS 34457 1696 31 at at IN 34457 1696 32 the the DT 34457 1696 33 same same JJ 34457 1696 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 1696 35 , , , 34457 1696 36 depending depend VBG 34457 1696 37 on on IN 34457 1696 38 the the DT 34457 1696 39 concentration concentration NN 34457 1696 40 . . . 34457 1697 1 In in IN 34457 1697 2 order order NN 34457 1697 3 that that IN 34457 1697 4 there there EX 34457 1697 5 may may MD 34457 1697 6 be be VB 34457 1697 7 for for IN 34457 1697 8 each each DT 34457 1697 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1697 10 a a DT 34457 1697 11 definite definite JJ 34457 1697 12 corresponding corresponding JJ 34457 1697 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1697 14 of of IN 34457 1697 15 the the DT 34457 1697 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 1697 17 , , , 34457 1697 18 a a DT 34457 1697 19 third third JJ 34457 1697 20 phase phase NN 34457 1697 21 must must MD 34457 1697 22 be be VB 34457 1697 23 present present JJ 34457 1697 24 . . . 34457 1698 1 This this DT 34457 1698 2 condition condition NN 34457 1698 3 is be VBZ 34457 1698 4 satisfied satisfied JJ 34457 1698 5 by by IN 34457 1698 6 the the DT 34457 1698 7 system system NN 34457 1698 8 solid solid JJ 34457 1698 9 -- -- : 34457 1698 10 liquid liquid NN 34457 1698 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1698 12 solution)--vapour solution)--vapour CD 34457 1698 13 ; ; : 34457 1698 14 that that RB 34457 1698 15 is is RB 34457 1698 16 , , , 34457 1698 17 by by IN 34457 1698 18 the the DT 34457 1698 19 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1698 20 solution solution NN 34457 1698 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1698 22 p. p. NN 34457 1698 23 108 108 CD 34457 1698 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1698 25 . . . 34457 1699 1 In in IN 34457 1699 2 the the DT 34457 1699 3 case case NN 34457 1699 4 of of IN 34457 1699 5 a a DT 34457 1699 6 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1699 7 solution solution NN 34457 1699 8 , , , 34457 1699 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 1699 10 , , , 34457 1699 11 the the DT 34457 1699 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1699 13 of of IN 34457 1699 14 the the DT 34457 1699 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 1699 16 at at IN 34457 1699 17 any any DT 34457 1699 18 given give VBN 34457 1699 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1699 20 is be VBZ 34457 1699 21 constant constant JJ 34457 1699 22 . . . 34457 1700 1 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 1700 2 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1700 3 of of IN 34457 1700 4 Solid solid JJ 34457 1700 5 -- -- . 34457 1700 6 Solution solution NN 34457 1700 7 -- -- : 34457 1700 8 Vapour.--It Vapour.--It NNP 34457 1700 9 has have VBZ 34457 1700 10 long long RB 34457 1700 11 been be VBN 34457 1700 12 known know VBN 34457 1700 13 that that IN 34457 1700 14 the the DT 34457 1700 15 addition addition NN 34457 1700 16 of of IN 34457 1700 17 a a DT 34457 1700 18 non non JJ 34457 1700 19 - - JJ 34457 1700 20 volatile volatile JJ 34457 1700 21 solid solid RB 34457 1700 22 to to IN 34457 1700 23 a a DT 34457 1700 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 1700 25 in in IN 34457 1700 26 which which WDT 34457 1700 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1700 28 is be VBZ 34457 1700 29 soluble soluble JJ 34457 1700 30 lowers lower NNS 34457 1700 31 the the DT 34457 1700 32 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1700 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 1700 34 of of IN 34457 1700 35 the the DT 34457 1700 36 solvent solvent NN 34457 1700 37 ; ; : 34457 1700 38 and and CC 34457 1700 39 the the DT 34457 1700 40 diminution diminution NN 34457 1700 41 of of IN 34457 1700 42 the the DT 34457 1700 43 pressure pressure NN 34457 1700 44 is be VBZ 34457 1700 45 approximately approximately RB 34457 1700 46 proportional proportional JJ 34457 1700 47 to to IN 34457 1700 48 the the DT 34457 1700 49 amount amount NN 34457 1700 50 of of IN 34457 1700 51 substance substance NN 34457 1700 52 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1700 53 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1700 54 Law Law NNP 34457 1700 55 of of IN 34457 1700 56 Babo Babo NNP 34457 1700 57 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1700 58 . . . 34457 1701 1 The the DT 34457 1701 2 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1701 3 - - HYPH 34457 1701 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 1701 5 curve curve NN 34457 1701 6 , , , 34457 1701 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1701 8 , , , 34457 1701 9 of of IN 34457 1701 10 a a DT 34457 1701 11 solution solution NN 34457 1701 12 of of IN 34457 1701 13 a a DT 34457 1701 14 salt salt NN 34457 1701 15 in in IN 34457 1701 16 water water NN 34457 1701 17 must must MD 34457 1701 18 lie lie VB 34457 1701 19 below below IN 34457 1701 20 that that DT 34457 1701 21 for for IN 34457 1701 22 pure pure JJ 34457 1701 23 water water NN 34457 1701 24 . . . 34457 1702 1 Further further RB 34457 1702 2 , , , 34457 1702 3 in in IN 34457 1702 4 the the DT 34457 1702 5 case case NN 34457 1702 6 of of IN 34457 1702 7 a a DT 34457 1702 8 pure pure JJ 34457 1702 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 1702 10 , , , 34457 1702 11 the the DT 34457 1702 12 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 1702 13 curve curve NN 34457 1702 14 is be VBZ 34457 1702 15 a a DT 34457 1702 16 function function NN 34457 1702 17 only only RB 34457 1702 18 of of IN 34457 1702 19 the the DT 34457 1702 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 1702 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1702 22 p. p. NN 34457 1702 23 63 63 CD 34457 1702 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1702 25 , , , 34457 1702 26 whereas whereas IN 34457 1702 27 , , , 34457 1702 28 in in IN 34457 1702 29 the the DT 34457 1702 30 case case NN 34457 1702 31 of of IN 34457 1702 32 a a DT 34457 1702 33 solution solution NN 34457 1702 34 , , , 34457 1702 35 the the DT 34457 1702 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 1702 37 varies vary VBZ 34457 1702 38 both both DT 34457 1702 39 with with IN 34457 1702 40 the the DT 34457 1702 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 1702 42 and and CC 34457 1702 43 the the DT 34457 1702 44 _ _ NNP 34457 1702 45 concentration concentration NN 34457 1702 46 _ _ NNP 34457 1702 47 . . . 34457 1703 1 These these DT 34457 1703 2 two two CD 34457 1703 3 factors factor NNS 34457 1703 4 , , , 34457 1703 5 however however RB 34457 1703 6 , , , 34457 1703 7 act act VBP 34457 1703 8 in in IN 34457 1703 9 opposite opposite JJ 34457 1703 10 directions direction NNS 34457 1703 11 ; ; : 34457 1703 12 for for IN 34457 1703 13 although although IN 34457 1703 14 the the DT 34457 1703 15 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1703 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1703 17 in in IN 34457 1703 18 all all DT 34457 1703 19 cases case NNS 34457 1703 20 increases increase NNS 34457 1703 21 as as IN 34457 1703 22 the the DT 34457 1703 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1703 24 rises rise VBZ 34457 1703 25 , , , 34457 1703 26 increase increase NN 34457 1703 27 of of IN 34457 1703 28 concentration concentration NN 34457 1703 29 , , , 34457 1703 30 as as IN 34457 1703 31 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1703 32 have have VBP 34457 1703 33 seen see VBN 34457 1703 34 , , , 34457 1703 35 lowers lower VBZ 34457 1703 36 the the DT 34457 1703 37 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1703 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 1703 39 . . . 34457 1704 1 Again again RB 34457 1704 2 , , , 34457 1704 3 since since IN 34457 1704 4 the the DT 34457 1704 5 concentration concentration NN 34457 1704 6 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 1704 7 varies vary VBZ 34457 1704 8 with with IN 34457 1704 9 the the DT 34457 1704 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1704 11 , , , 34457 1704 12 two two CD 34457 1704 13 cases case NNS 34457 1704 14 have have VBP 34457 1704 15 to to TO 34457 1704 16 be be VB 34457 1704 17 considered consider VBN 34457 1704 18 , , , 34457 1704 19 viz viz NN 34457 1704 20 . . . 34457 1705 1 where where WRB 34457 1705 2 the the DT 34457 1705 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 1705 4 increases increase VBZ 34457 1705 5 with with IN 34457 1705 6 rise rise NN 34457 1705 7 of of IN 34457 1705 8 { { -LRB- 34457 1705 9 127 127 CD 34457 1705 10 } } -RRB- 34457 1705 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 1705 12 , , , 34457 1705 13 and and CC 34457 1705 14 where where WRB 34457 1705 15 the the DT 34457 1705 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 1705 17 diminishes diminish VBZ 34457 1705 18 with with IN 34457 1705 19 rise rise NN 34457 1705 20 of of IN 34457 1705 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1705 22 . . . 34457 1706 1 The the DT 34457 1706 2 relations relation NNS 34457 1706 3 which which WDT 34457 1706 4 are be VBP 34457 1706 5 found find VBN 34457 1706 6 here here RB 34457 1706 7 will will MD 34457 1706 8 be be VB 34457 1706 9 best best RB 34457 1706 10 understood understand VBN 34457 1706 11 with with IN 34457 1706 12 the the DT 34457 1706 13 help help NN 34457 1706 14 of of IN 34457 1706 15 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1706 16 . . . 34457 1707 1 32 32 CD 34457 1707 2 . . . 34457 1708 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1708 2 207 207 CD 34457 1708 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1708 4 In in IN 34457 1708 5 this this DT 34457 1708 6 figure figure NN 34457 1708 7 , , , 34457 1708 8 OB OB NNP 34457 1708 9 represents represent VBZ 34457 1708 10 the the DT 34457 1708 11 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1708 12 curve curve NN 34457 1708 13 of of IN 34457 1708 14 ice ice NN 34457 1708 15 , , , 34457 1708 16 and and CC 34457 1708 17 BC BC NNP 34457 1708 18 the the DT 34457 1708 19 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 1708 20 curve curve NN 34457 1708 21 of of IN 34457 1708 22 water water NN 34457 1708 23 ; ; : 34457 1708 24 the the DT 34457 1708 25 curve curve NN 34457 1708 26 for for IN 34457 1708 27 the the DT 34457 1708 28 solution solution NN 34457 1708 29 must must MD 34457 1708 30 lie lie VB 34457 1708 31 below below IN 34457 1708 32 this this DT 34457 1708 33 , , , 34457 1708 34 and and CC 34457 1708 35 must must MD 34457 1708 36 cut cut VB 34457 1708 37 the the DT 34457 1708 38 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1708 39 curve curve NN 34457 1708 40 of of IN 34457 1708 41 ice ice NN 34457 1708 42 at at IN 34457 1708 43 some some DT 34457 1708 44 temperature temperature NN 34457 1708 45 below below IN 34457 1708 46 the the DT 34457 1708 47 melting melting NN 34457 1708 48 point point NN 34457 1708 49 . . . 34457 1709 1 The the DT 34457 1709 2 point point NN 34457 1709 3 of of IN 34457 1709 4 intersection intersection NN 34457 1709 5 A a NN 34457 1709 6 is be VBZ 34457 1709 7 the the DT 34457 1709 8 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1709 9 point point NN 34457 1709 10 . . . 34457 1710 1 If if IN 34457 1710 2 the the DT 34457 1710 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 1710 4 increases increase VBZ 34457 1710 5 with with IN 34457 1710 6 rise rise NN 34457 1710 7 of of IN 34457 1710 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1710 9 , , , 34457 1710 10 the the DT 34457 1710 11 increase increase NN 34457 1710 12 of of IN 34457 1710 13 the the DT 34457 1710 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 1710 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 1710 16 due due IN 34457 1710 17 to to IN 34457 1710 18 the the DT 34457 1710 19 latter latter NN 34457 1710 20 will will MD 34457 1710 21 be be VB 34457 1710 22 partially partially RB 34457 1710 23 annulled annul VBN 34457 1710 24 . . . 34457 1711 1 Since since IN 34457 1711 2 at at IN 34457 1711 3 first first RB 34457 1711 4 the the DT 34457 1711 5 effect effect NN 34457 1711 6 of of IN 34457 1711 7 increase increase NN 34457 1711 8 of of IN 34457 1711 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1711 10 more more JJR 34457 1711 11 than than IN 34457 1711 12 counteracts counteract VBZ 34457 1711 13 the the DT 34457 1711 14 depressing depressing JJ 34457 1711 15 action action NN 34457 1711 16 of of IN 34457 1711 17 increase increase NN 34457 1711 18 of of IN 34457 1711 19 concentration concentration NN 34457 1711 20 , , , 34457 1711 21 the the DT 34457 1711 22 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1711 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 1711 24 will will MD 34457 1711 25 increase increase VB 34457 1711 26 on on IN 34457 1711 27 raising raise VBG 34457 1711 28 the the DT 34457 1711 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1711 30 above above IN 34457 1711 31 the the DT 34457 1711 32 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1711 33 point point NN 34457 1711 34 . . . 34457 1712 1 If if IN 34457 1712 2 the the DT 34457 1712 3 elevation elevation NN 34457 1712 4 of of IN 34457 1712 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 1712 6 is be VBZ 34457 1712 7 continued continue VBN 34457 1712 8 , , , 34457 1712 9 however however RB 34457 1712 10 , , , 34457 1712 11 to to IN 34457 1712 12 the the DT 34457 1712 13 melting melting NN 34457 1712 14 point point NN 34457 1712 15 of of IN 34457 1712 16 the the DT 34457 1712 17 salt salt NN 34457 1712 18 , , , 34457 1712 19 the the DT 34457 1712 20 effect effect NN 34457 1712 21 of of IN 34457 1712 22 increasing increase VBG 34457 1712 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 1712 24 makes make VBZ 34457 1712 25 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 1712 26 more more RBR 34457 1712 27 and and CC 34457 1712 28 more more RBR 34457 1712 29 felt feel VBD 34457 1712 30 , , , 34457 1712 31 so so IN 34457 1712 32 that that IN 34457 1712 33 the the DT 34457 1712 34 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1712 35 - - HYPH 34457 1712 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 1712 37 curve curve NN 34457 1712 38 of of IN 34457 1712 39 the the DT 34457 1712 40 solution solution NN 34457 1712 41 falls fall VBZ 34457 1712 42 more more RBR 34457 1712 43 and and CC 34457 1712 44 more more RBR 34457 1712 45 below below IN 34457 1712 46 that that DT 34457 1712 47 of of IN 34457 1712 48 the the DT 34457 1712 49 pure pure JJ 34457 1712 50 liquid liquid NN 34457 1712 51 , , , 34457 1712 52 and and CC 34457 1712 53 the the DT 34457 1712 54 pressure pressure NN 34457 1712 55 will will MD 34457 1712 56 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1712 57 become become VB 34457 1712 58 equal equal JJ 34457 1712 59 to to IN 34457 1712 60 that that DT 34457 1712 61 of of IN 34457 1712 62 the the DT 34457 1712 63 pure pure JJ 34457 1712 64 salt salt NN 34457 1712 65 ; ; : 34457 1712 66 that that DT 34457 1712 67 is be VBZ 34457 1712 68 to to TO 34457 1712 69 say say VB 34457 1712 70 , , , 34457 1712 71 practically practically RB 34457 1712 72 equal equal JJ 34457 1712 73 to to IN 34457 1712 74 zero zero CD 34457 1712 75 . . . 34457 1713 1 The the DT 34457 1713 2 curve curve NN 34457 1713 3 will will MD 34457 1713 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1713 5 be be VB 34457 1713 6 of of IN 34457 1713 7 the the DT 34457 1713 8 general general JJ 34457 1713 9 form form NN 34457 1713 10 AMF AMF NNP 34457 1713 11 shown show VBN 34457 1713 12 in in IN 34457 1713 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1713 14 . . . 34457 1714 1 32 32 CD 34457 1714 2 . . . 34457 1715 1 If if IN 34457 1715 2 the the DT 34457 1715 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 1715 4 should should MD 34457 1715 5 diminish diminish VB 34457 1715 6 with with IN 34457 1715 7 rise rise NN 34457 1715 8 of of IN 34457 1715 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1715 10 , , , 34457 1715 11 the the DT 34457 1715 12 two two CD 34457 1715 13 factors factor NNS 34457 1715 14 , , , 34457 1715 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1715 16 and and CC 34457 1715 17 concentration concentration NN 34457 1715 18 , , , 34457 1715 19 will will MD 34457 1715 20 act act VB 34457 1715 21 in in IN 34457 1715 22 the the DT 34457 1715 23 same same JJ 34457 1715 24 direction direction NN 34457 1715 25 , , , 34457 1715 26 and and CC 34457 1715 27 the the DT 34457 1715 28 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1715 29 - - HYPH 34457 1715 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 1715 31 curve curve NN 34457 1715 32 will will MD 34457 1715 33 rise rise VB 34457 1715 34 relatively relatively RB 34457 1715 35 more more RBR 34457 1715 36 rapid rapid JJ 34457 1715 37 than than IN 34457 1715 38 that that DT 34457 1715 39 of of IN 34457 1715 40 the the DT 34457 1715 41 pure pure JJ 34457 1715 42 liquid liquid NN 34457 1715 43 ; ; : 34457 1715 44 since since IN 34457 1715 45 , , , 34457 1715 46 however however RB 34457 1715 47 , , , 34457 1715 48 the the DT 34457 1715 49 pure pure JJ 34457 1715 50 salt salt NN 34457 1715 51 is be VBZ 34457 1715 52 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1715 53 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1715 54 , , , 34457 1715 55 the the DT 34457 1715 56 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1715 57 - - HYPH 34457 1715 58 pressure pressure NN 34457 1715 59 curve curve NN 34457 1715 60 must must MD 34457 1715 61 in in IN 34457 1715 62 this this DT 34457 1715 63 case case NN 34457 1715 64 also also RB 34457 1715 65 finally finally RB 34457 1715 66 approach approach VB 34457 1715 67 the the DT 34457 1715 68 value value NN 34457 1715 69 zero zero CD 34457 1715 70 . . . 34457 1716 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1716 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1716 3 : : : 34457 1716 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1716 5 . . . 34457 1717 1 32 32 CD 34457 1717 2 . . . 34457 1717 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1718 1 Other other JJ 34457 1718 2 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 1718 3 Systems.--Besides systems.--beside VBZ 34457 1718 4 the the DT 34457 1718 5 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1718 6 system system NN 34457 1718 7 { { -LRB- 34457 1718 8 128 128 CD 34457 1718 9 } } -RRB- 34457 1718 10 salt salt NN 34457 1718 11 -- -- : 34457 1718 12 solution solution NN 34457 1718 13 -- -- : 34457 1718 14 vapour vapour RB 34457 1718 15 already already RB 34457 1718 16 considered consider VBN 34457 1718 17 , , , 34457 1718 18 three three CD 34457 1718 19 others other NNS 34457 1718 20 are be VBP 34457 1718 21 possible possible JJ 34457 1718 22 , , , 34457 1718 23 viz viz NN 34457 1718 24 . . . 34457 1719 1 ice ice NN 34457 1719 2 -- -- : 34457 1719 3 solution solution NN 34457 1719 4 -- -- : 34457 1719 5 vapour vapour NN 34457 1719 6 , , , 34457 1719 7 ice ice NN 34457 1719 8 -- -- : 34457 1719 9 salt salt NN 34457 1719 10 -- -- : 34457 1719 11 solution solution NN 34457 1719 12 , , , 34457 1719 13 and and CC 34457 1719 14 ice ice NN 34457 1719 15 -- -- : 34457 1719 16 salt salt NN 34457 1719 17 -- -- : 34457 1719 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 1719 19 . . . 34457 1720 1 The the DT 34457 1720 2 fusion fusion NN 34457 1720 3 point point NN 34457 1720 4 of of IN 34457 1720 5 a a DT 34457 1720 6 substance substance NN 34457 1720 7 is be VBZ 34457 1720 8 lowered lower VBN 34457 1720 9 , , , 34457 1720 10 as as IN 34457 1720 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1720 12 have have VBP 34457 1720 13 seen see VBN 34457 1720 14 , , , 34457 1720 15 by by IN 34457 1720 16 the the DT 34457 1720 17 addition addition NN 34457 1720 18 of of IN 34457 1720 19 a a DT 34457 1720 20 foreign foreign JJ 34457 1720 21 substance substance NN 34457 1720 22 , , , 34457 1720 23 and and CC 34457 1720 24 the the DT 34457 1720 25 depression depression NN 34457 1720 26 is be VBZ 34457 1720 27 all all PDT 34457 1720 28 the the DT 34457 1720 29 greater great JJR 34457 1720 30 the the DT 34457 1720 31 larger large JJR 34457 1720 32 the the DT 34457 1720 33 quantity quantity NN 34457 1720 34 of of IN 34457 1720 35 substance substance NN 34457 1720 36 added add VBD 34457 1720 37 . . . 34457 1721 1 The the DT 34457 1721 2 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1721 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 1721 4 of of IN 34457 1721 5 the the DT 34457 1721 6 water water NN 34457 1721 7 , , , 34457 1721 8 also also RB 34457 1721 9 , , , 34457 1721 10 is be VBZ 34457 1721 11 lowered lower VBN 34457 1721 12 by by IN 34457 1721 13 the the DT 34457 1721 14 solution solution NN 34457 1721 15 in in IN 34457 1721 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1721 17 of of IN 34457 1721 18 other other JJ 34457 1721 19 substances substance NNS 34457 1721 20 , , , 34457 1721 21 so so IN 34457 1721 22 that that IN 34457 1721 23 the the DT 34457 1721 24 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1721 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 1721 26 of of IN 34457 1721 27 the the DT 34457 1721 28 system system NN 34457 1721 29 ice ice NN 34457 1721 30 -- -- : 34457 1721 31 solution solution NN 34457 1721 32 -- -- : 34457 1721 33 vapour vapour NN 34457 1721 34 must must MD 34457 1721 35 decrease decrease VB 34457 1721 36 as as IN 34457 1721 37 the the DT 34457 1721 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 1721 39 falls fall VBZ 34457 1721 40 from from IN 34457 1721 41 the the DT 34457 1721 42 fusion fusion NN 34457 1721 43 point point NN 34457 1721 44 of of IN 34457 1721 45 ice ice NN 34457 1721 46 to to IN 34457 1721 47 the the DT 34457 1721 48 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1721 49 point point NN 34457 1721 50 . . . 34457 1722 1 This this DT 34457 1722 2 curve curve NN 34457 1722 3 is be VBZ 34457 1722 4 represented represent VBN 34457 1722 5 by by IN 34457 1722 6 BA BA NNP 34457 1722 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1722 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1722 9 . . . 34457 1723 1 32 32 CD 34457 1723 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1723 3 , , , 34457 1723 4 and and CC 34457 1723 5 is be VBZ 34457 1723 6 coincident coincident NN 34457 1723 7 with with IN 34457 1723 8 the the DT 34457 1723 9 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1723 10 curve curve NN 34457 1723 11 of of IN 34457 1723 12 ice ice NN 34457 1723 13 . . . 34457 1724 1 This this DT 34457 1724 2 , , , 34457 1724 3 at at IN 34457 1724 4 first first JJ 34457 1724 5 sight sight NN 34457 1724 6 , , , 34457 1724 7 strange strange JJ 34457 1724 8 fact fact NN 34457 1724 9 will will MD 34457 1724 10 be be VB 34457 1724 11 readily readily RB 34457 1724 12 understood understand VBN 34457 1724 13 when when WRB 34457 1724 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1724 15 consider consider VBP 34457 1724 16 that that IN 34457 1724 17 since since IN 34457 1724 18 ice ice NN 34457 1724 19 and and CC 34457 1724 20 solution solution NN 34457 1724 21 are be VBP 34457 1724 22 together together RB 34457 1724 23 in in IN 34457 1724 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1724 25 with with IN 34457 1724 26 the the DT 34457 1724 27 same same JJ 34457 1724 28 vapour vapour NN 34457 1724 29 , , , 34457 1724 30 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1724 31 must must MD 34457 1724 32 have have VB 34457 1724 33 the the DT 34457 1724 34 same same JJ 34457 1724 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 1724 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 1724 37 . . . 34457 1725 1 For for IN 34457 1725 2 suppose suppose NN 34457 1725 3 at at IN 34457 1725 4 any any DT 34457 1725 5 given give VBN 34457 1725 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 1725 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1725 8 to to TO 34457 1725 9 have have VB 34457 1725 10 been be VBN 34457 1725 11 established establish VBN 34457 1725 12 in in IN 34457 1725 13 the the DT 34457 1725 14 system system NN 34457 1725 15 ice ice NN 34457 1725 16 -- -- : 34457 1725 17 solution solution NN 34457 1725 18 -- -- : 34457 1725 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 1725 20 , , , 34457 1725 21 removal removal NN 34457 1725 22 of of IN 34457 1725 23 the the DT 34457 1725 24 ice ice NN 34457 1725 25 will will MD 34457 1725 26 not not RB 34457 1725 27 alter alter VB 34457 1725 28 this this DT 34457 1725 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1725 30 . . . 34457 1726 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 1726 2 , , , 34457 1726 3 now now RB 34457 1726 4 , , , 34457 1726 5 the the DT 34457 1726 6 ice ice NN 34457 1726 7 and and CC 34457 1726 8 the the DT 34457 1726 9 solution solution NN 34457 1726 10 placed place VBN 34457 1726 11 under under IN 34457 1726 12 a a DT 34457 1726 13 bell bell NN 34457 1726 14 - - HYPH 34457 1726 15 jar jar NN 34457 1726 16 so so IN 34457 1726 17 that that IN 34457 1726 18 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1726 19 have have VBP 34457 1726 20 a a DT 34457 1726 21 common common JJ 34457 1726 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 1726 23 , , , 34457 1726 24 but but CC 34457 1726 25 are be VBP 34457 1726 26 not not RB 34457 1726 27 themselves -PRON- PRP 34457 1726 28 in in IN 34457 1726 29 contact contact NN 34457 1726 30 ; ; : 34457 1726 31 then then RB 34457 1726 32 , , , 34457 1726 33 if if IN 34457 1726 34 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1726 35 do do VBP 34457 1726 36 not not RB 34457 1726 37 have have VB 34457 1726 38 the the DT 34457 1726 39 same same JJ 34457 1726 40 vapour vapour NN 34457 1726 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 1726 42 , , , 34457 1726 43 distillation distillation NN 34457 1726 44 must must MD 34457 1726 45 take take VB 34457 1726 46 place place NN 34457 1726 47 and and CC 34457 1726 48 the the DT 34457 1726 49 solution solution NN 34457 1726 50 will will MD 34457 1726 51 become become VB 34457 1726 52 more more JJR 34457 1726 53 dilute dilute NN 34457 1726 54 or or CC 34457 1726 55 more more RBR 34457 1726 56 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 1726 57 . . . 34457 1727 1 Since since IN 34457 1727 2 , , , 34457 1727 3 at at IN 34457 1727 4 the the DT 34457 1727 5 completion completion NN 34457 1727 6 of of IN 34457 1727 7 this this DT 34457 1727 8 process process NN 34457 1727 9 , , , 34457 1727 10 the the DT 34457 1727 11 ice ice NN 34457 1727 12 and and CC 34457 1727 13 solution solution NN 34457 1727 14 are be VBP 34457 1727 15 now now RB 34457 1727 16 in in IN 34457 1727 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1727 18 when when WRB 34457 1727 19 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1727 20 are be VBP 34457 1727 21 not not RB 34457 1727 22 in in IN 34457 1727 23 contact contact NN 34457 1727 24 , , , 34457 1727 25 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1727 26 must must MD 34457 1727 27 also also RB 34457 1727 28 be be VB 34457 1727 29 in in IN 34457 1727 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1727 31 when when WRB 34457 1727 32 they -PRON- PRP 34457 1727 33 are be VBP 34457 1727 34 in in IN 34457 1727 35 contact contact NN 34457 1727 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1727 37 p. p. NN 34457 1727 38 32 32 CD 34457 1727 39 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1727 40 . . . 34457 1728 1 But but CC 34457 1728 2 if if IN 34457 1728 3 distillation distillation NN 34457 1728 4 has have VBZ 34457 1728 5 taken take VBN 34457 1728 6 place place NN 34457 1728 7 the the DT 34457 1728 8 concentration concentration NN 34457 1728 9 of of IN 34457 1728 10 the the DT 34457 1728 11 solution solution NN 34457 1728 12 must must MD 34457 1728 13 have have VB 34457 1728 14 altered alter VBN 34457 1728 15 , , , 34457 1728 16 so so IN 34457 1728 17 that that IN 34457 1728 18 the the DT 34457 1728 19 ice ice NN 34457 1728 20 will will MD 34457 1728 21 now now RB 34457 1728 22 be be VB 34457 1728 23 in in IN 34457 1728 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1728 25 with with IN 34457 1728 26 a a DT 34457 1728 27 solution solution NN 34457 1728 28 of of IN 34457 1728 29 a a DT 34457 1728 30 different different JJ 34457 1728 31 concentration concentration NN 34457 1728 32 from from IN 34457 1728 33 before before RB 34457 1728 34 . . . 34457 1729 1 But but CC 34457 1729 2 according accord VBG 34457 1729 3 to to IN 34457 1729 4 the the DT 34457 1729 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 1729 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 1729 7 ice ice NN 34457 1729 8 can can MD 34457 1729 9 not not RB 34457 1729 10 at at IN 34457 1729 11 one one CD 34457 1729 12 and and CC 34457 1729 13 the the DT 34457 1729 14 same same JJ 34457 1729 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1729 16 be be VB 34457 1729 17 in in IN 34457 1729 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1729 19 with with IN 34457 1729 20 two two CD 34457 1729 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 1729 22 of of IN 34457 1729 23 different different JJ 34457 1729 24 concentration concentration NN 34457 1729 25 , , , 34457 1729 26 for for IN 34457 1729 27 the the DT 34457 1729 28 system system NN 34457 1729 29 ice ice NN 34457 1729 30 -- -- : 34457 1729 31 solution solution NN 34457 1729 32 -- -- : 34457 1729 33 vapour vapour NN 34457 1729 34 is be VBZ 34457 1729 35 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1729 36 , , , 34457 1729 37 and and CC 34457 1729 38 at at IN 34457 1729 39 any any DT 34457 1729 40 given give VBN 34457 1729 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 1729 42 , , , 34457 1729 43 therefore therefore RB 34457 1729 44 , , , 34457 1729 45 not not RB 34457 1729 46 only only RB 34457 1729 47 the the DT 34457 1729 48 pressure pressure NN 34457 1729 49 but but CC 34457 1729 50 also also RB 34457 1729 51 the the DT 34457 1729 52 _ _ NNP 34457 1729 53 concentration concentration NN 34457 1729 54 of of IN 34457 1729 55 the the DT 34457 1729 56 components component NNS 34457 1729 57 in in IN 34457 1729 58 the the DT 34457 1729 59 solution solution NN 34457 1729 60 must must MD 34457 1729 61 be be VB 34457 1729 62 constant constant JJ 34457 1729 63 _ _ NNP 34457 1729 64 . . . 34457 1730 1 Distillation distillation NN 34457 1730 2 could could MD 34457 1730 3 not not RB 34457 1730 4 , , , 34457 1730 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1730 6 , , , 34457 1730 7 take take VB 34457 1730 8 place place NN 34457 1730 9 from from IN 34457 1730 10 the the DT 34457 1730 11 ice ice NN 34457 1730 12 to to IN 34457 1730 13 the the DT 34457 1730 14 solution solution NN 34457 1730 15 or or CC 34457 1730 16 _ _ NNP 34457 1730 17 vice vice NN 34457 1730 18 versâ versâ NNP 34457 1730 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1730 20 ; ; : 34457 1730 21 that that DT 34457 1730 22 is be VBZ 34457 1730 23 to to TO 34457 1730 24 say say VB 34457 1730 25 , , , 34457 1730 26 the the DT 34457 1730 27 solution solution NN 34457 1730 28 and and CC 34457 1730 29 the the DT 34457 1730 30 ice ice NN 34457 1730 31 must must MD 34457 1730 32 have have VB 34457 1730 33 the the DT 34457 1730 34 same same JJ 34457 1730 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 1730 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 1730 37 -- -- : 34457 1730 38 the the DT 34457 1730 39 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1730 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 1730 41 of of IN 34457 1730 42 ice ice NN 34457 1730 43 . . . 34457 1731 1 The the DT 34457 1731 2 reason reason NN 34457 1731 3 of of IN 34457 1731 4 the the DT 34457 1731 5 coincidence coincidence NN 34457 1731 6 is be VBZ 34457 1731 7 the the DT 34457 1731 8 non non JJ 34457 1731 9 - - JJ 34457 1731 10 volatility volatility NN 34457 1731 11 of of IN 34457 1731 12 the the DT 34457 1731 13 salt salt NN 34457 1731 14 : : : 34457 1731 15 had have VBD 34457 1731 16 { { -LRB- 34457 1731 17 129 129 CD 34457 1731 18 } } -RRB- 34457 1731 19 the the DT 34457 1731 20 salt salt NN 34457 1731 21 a a DT 34457 1731 22 measurable measurable JJ 34457 1731 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 1731 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1731 25 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 1731 26 , , , 34457 1731 27 the the DT 34457 1731 28 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1731 29 curve curve NN 34457 1731 30 of of IN 34457 1731 31 ice ice NN 34457 1731 32 and and CC 34457 1731 33 the the DT 34457 1731 34 curve curve NN 34457 1731 35 for for IN 34457 1731 36 ice ice NN 34457 1731 37 -- -- : 34457 1731 38 solution solution NN 34457 1731 39 -- -- : 34457 1731 40 vapour vapour NN 34457 1731 41 would would MD 34457 1731 42 no no RB 34457 1731 43 longer longer RB 34457 1731 44 fall fall VB 34457 1731 45 together together RB 34457 1731 46 . . . 34457 1732 1 The the DT 34457 1732 2 curve curve NN 34457 1732 3 AO AO NNP 34457 1732 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 1732 5 the the DT 34457 1732 6 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1732 7 of of IN 34457 1732 8 the the DT 34457 1732 9 system system NN 34457 1732 10 ice ice NN 34457 1732 11 -- -- : 34457 1732 12 salt salt NN 34457 1732 13 -- -- : 34457 1732 14 vapour vapour NN 34457 1732 15 . . . 34457 1733 1 This this DT 34457 1733 2 curve curve NN 34457 1733 3 will will MD 34457 1733 4 also also RB 34457 1733 5 be be VB 34457 1733 6 coincident coincident JJ 34457 1733 7 with with IN 34457 1733 8 the the DT 34457 1733 9 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 1733 10 curve curve NN 34457 1733 11 of of IN 34457 1733 12 ice ice NN 34457 1733 13 , , , 34457 1733 14 on on IN 34457 1733 15 account account NN 34457 1733 16 of of IN 34457 1733 17 the the DT 34457 1733 18 non non JJ 34457 1733 19 - - JJ 34457 1733 20 volatility volatility NN 34457 1733 21 of of IN 34457 1733 22 the the DT 34457 1733 23 salt salt NN 34457 1733 24 . . . 34457 1734 1 The the DT 34457 1734 2 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1734 3 of of IN 34457 1734 4 the the DT 34457 1734 5 fourth fourth JJ 34457 1734 6 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1734 7 system system NN 34457 1734 8 ice ice NN 34457 1734 9 -- -- : 34457 1734 10 salt salt NN 34457 1734 11 -- -- : 34457 1734 12 solution solution NN 34457 1734 13 are be VBP 34457 1734 14 represented represent VBN 34457 1734 15 by by IN 34457 1734 16 AE AE NNP 34457 1734 17 . . . 34457 1735 1 Since since IN 34457 1735 2 this this DT 34457 1735 3 is be VBZ 34457 1735 4 a a DT 34457 1735 5 condensed condensed JJ 34457 1735 6 system system NN 34457 1735 7 , , , 34457 1735 8 the the DT 34457 1735 9 effect effect NN 34457 1735 10 of of IN 34457 1735 11 a a DT 34457 1735 12 small small JJ 34457 1735 13 change change NN 34457 1735 14 of of IN 34457 1735 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1735 16 will will MD 34457 1735 17 be be VB 34457 1735 18 to to TO 34457 1735 19 cause cause VB 34457 1735 20 a a DT 34457 1735 21 large large JJ 34457 1735 22 change change NN 34457 1735 23 of of IN 34457 1735 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1735 25 , , , 34457 1735 26 as as IN 34457 1735 27 in in IN 34457 1735 28 the the DT 34457 1735 29 case case NN 34457 1735 30 of of IN 34457 1735 31 the the DT 34457 1735 32 fusion fusion NN 34457 1735 33 point point NN 34457 1735 34 of of IN 34457 1735 35 a a DT 34457 1735 36 pure pure JJ 34457 1735 37 substance substance NN 34457 1735 38 . . . 34457 1736 1 The the DT 34457 1736 2 direction direction NN 34457 1736 3 of of IN 34457 1736 4 this this DT 34457 1736 5 curve curve NN 34457 1736 6 will will MD 34457 1736 7 depend depend VB 34457 1736 8 on on IN 34457 1736 9 whether whether CC 34457 1736 10 there there EX 34457 1736 11 is be VBZ 34457 1736 12 an an DT 34457 1736 13 increase increase NN 34457 1736 14 or or CC 34457 1736 15 diminution diminution NN 34457 1736 16 of of IN 34457 1736 17 volume volume NN 34457 1736 18 on on IN 34457 1736 19 solidification solidification NN 34457 1736 20 ; ; : 34457 1736 21 but but CC 34457 1736 22 the the DT 34457 1736 23 effect effect NN 34457 1736 24 in in IN 34457 1736 25 any any DT 34457 1736 26 given give VBN 34457 1736 27 case case NN 34457 1736 28 can can MD 34457 1736 29 be be VB 34457 1736 30 predicted predict VBN 34457 1736 31 with with IN 34457 1736 32 the the DT 34457 1736 33 help help NN 34457 1736 34 of of IN 34457 1736 35 the the DT 34457 1736 36 theorem theorem NN 34457 1736 37 of of IN 34457 1736 38 Le Le NNP 34457 1736 39 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 1736 40 . . . 34457 1737 1 Since since IN 34457 1737 2 the the DT 34457 1737 3 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1737 4 point point NN 34457 1737 5 is be VBZ 34457 1737 6 a a DT 34457 1737 7 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1737 8 point point NN 34457 1737 9 in in IN 34457 1737 10 a a DT 34457 1737 11 two two CD 34457 1737 12 - - HYPH 34457 1737 13 component component NN 34457 1737 14 system system NN 34457 1737 15 , , , 34457 1737 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1737 17 represents represent VBZ 34457 1737 18 an an DT 34457 1737 19 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1737 20 system system NN 34457 1737 21 . . . 34457 1738 1 The the DT 34457 1738 2 condition condition NN 34457 1738 3 of of IN 34457 1738 4 the the DT 34457 1738 5 system system NN 34457 1738 6 is be VBZ 34457 1738 7 , , , 34457 1738 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 1738 9 , , , 34457 1738 10 completely completely RB 34457 1738 11 defined define VBN 34457 1738 12 ; ; : 34457 1738 13 the the DT 34457 1738 14 four four CD 34457 1738 15 phases phase NNS 34457 1738 16 , , , 34457 1738 17 ice ice NN 34457 1738 18 , , , 34457 1738 19 salt salt NN 34457 1738 20 , , , 34457 1738 21 solution solution NN 34457 1738 22 , , , 34457 1738 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 1738 24 , , , 34457 1738 25 can can MD 34457 1738 26 co co VB 34457 1738 27 - - VB 34457 1738 28 exist exist VB 34457 1738 29 only only RB 34457 1738 30 when when WRB 34457 1738 31 the the DT 34457 1738 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 1738 33 , , , 34457 1738 34 pressure pressure NN 34457 1738 35 , , , 34457 1738 36 and and CC 34457 1738 37 concentration concentration NN 34457 1738 38 of of IN 34457 1738 39 the the DT 34457 1738 40 solution solution NN 34457 1738 41 have have VBP 34457 1738 42 constant constant JJ 34457 1738 43 and and CC 34457 1738 44 definite definite JJ 34457 1738 45 values value NNS 34457 1738 46 . . . 34457 1739 1 Addition addition NN 34457 1739 2 or or CC 34457 1739 3 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1739 4 of of IN 34457 1739 5 heat heat NN 34457 1739 6 , , , 34457 1739 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1739 8 , , , 34457 1739 9 can can MD 34457 1739 10 cause cause VB 34457 1739 11 no no DT 34457 1739 12 alteration alteration NN 34457 1739 13 of of IN 34457 1739 14 the the DT 34457 1739 15 condition condition NN 34457 1739 16 of of IN 34457 1739 17 the the DT 34457 1739 18 system system NN 34457 1739 19 except except IN 34457 1739 20 a a DT 34457 1739 21 variation variation NN 34457 1739 22 of of IN 34457 1739 23 the the DT 34457 1739 24 relative relative JJ 34457 1739 25 amounts amount NNS 34457 1739 26 of of IN 34457 1739 27 the the DT 34457 1739 28 phases phase NNS 34457 1739 29 . . . 34457 1740 1 Addition addition NN 34457 1740 2 of of IN 34457 1740 3 heat heat NN 34457 1740 4 at at IN 34457 1740 5 constant constant JJ 34457 1740 6 volume volume NN 34457 1740 7 will will MD 34457 1740 8 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1740 9 lead lead VB 34457 1740 10 to to IN 34457 1740 11 the the DT 34457 1740 12 system system NN 34457 1740 13 salt salt NN 34457 1740 14 -- -- : 34457 1740 15 solution solution NN 34457 1740 16 -- -- : 34457 1740 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1740 18 or or CC 34457 1740 19 the the DT 34457 1740 20 system system NN 34457 1740 21 ice ice NN 34457 1740 22 -- -- : 34457 1740 23 solution solution NN 34457 1740 24 -- -- : 34457 1740 25 vapour vapour RB 34457 1740 26 , , , 34457 1740 27 according accord VBG 34457 1740 28 as as IN 34457 1740 29 ice ice NN 34457 1740 30 or or CC 34457 1740 31 salt salt NN 34457 1740 32 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 1740 33 first first RB 34457 1740 34 . . . 34457 1741 1 This this DT 34457 1741 2 is be VBZ 34457 1741 3 readily readily RB 34457 1741 4 apparent apparent JJ 34457 1741 5 from from IN 34457 1741 6 the the DT 34457 1741 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 1741 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1741 9 Fig fig NN 34457 1741 10 . . . 34457 1742 1 32 32 CD 34457 1742 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1742 3 , , , 34457 1742 4 for for IN 34457 1742 5 the the DT 34457 1742 6 systems system NNS 34457 1742 7 ice ice NN 34457 1742 8 -- -- : 34457 1742 9 salt salt NN 34457 1742 10 -- -- : 34457 1742 11 solution solution NN 34457 1742 12 and and CC 34457 1742 13 ice ice NN 34457 1742 14 -- -- : 34457 1742 15 salt salt NN 34457 1742 16 -- -- : 34457 1742 17 vapour vapour NNP 34457 1742 18 can can MD 34457 1742 19 exist exist VB 34457 1742 20 only only RB 34457 1742 21 at at IN 34457 1742 22 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1742 23 below below IN 34457 1742 24 the the DT 34457 1742 25 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1742 26 point point NN 34457 1742 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1742 28 provided provide VBN 34457 1742 29 the the DT 34457 1742 30 curve curve NN 34457 1742 31 for for IN 34457 1742 32 ice ice NN 34457 1742 33 -- -- : 34457 1742 34 salt salt NN 34457 1742 35 -- -- : 34457 1742 36 solution solution NN 34457 1742 37 slopes slope NNS 34457 1742 38 towards towards IN 34457 1742 39 the the DT 34457 1742 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 1742 41 axis axis NNP 34457 1742 42 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1742 43 . . . 34457 1743 1 Bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1743 2 Systems.--Besides systems.--beside VBZ 34457 1743 3 the the DT 34457 1743 4 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1743 5 systems system NNS 34457 1743 6 already already RB 34457 1743 7 discussed discuss VBN 34457 1743 8 , , , 34457 1743 9 various various JJ 34457 1743 10 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1743 11 systems system NNS 34457 1743 12 are be VBP 34457 1743 13 possible possible JJ 34457 1743 14 , , , 34457 1743 15 the the DT 34457 1743 16 conditions condition NNS 34457 1743 17 for for IN 34457 1743 18 the the DT 34457 1743 19 existence existence NN 34457 1743 20 of of IN 34457 1743 21 which which WDT 34457 1743 22 are be VBP 34457 1743 23 represented represent VBN 34457 1743 24 by by IN 34457 1743 25 the the DT 34457 1743 26 different different JJ 34457 1743 27 areas area NNS 34457 1743 28 of of IN 34457 1743 29 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1743 30 . . . 34457 1744 1 32 32 CD 34457 1744 2 . . . 34457 1745 1 They -PRON- PRP 34457 1745 2 are be VBP 34457 1745 3 as as IN 34457 1745 4 follows:-- follows:-- ADD 34457 1745 5 _ _ NNP 34457 1745 6 Area Area NNP 34457 1745 7 . . . 34457 1745 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1745 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1745 10 System System NNP 34457 1745 11 . . . 34457 1745 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1745 13 OAMF OAMF NNP 34457 1745 14 Salt Salt NNP 34457 1745 15 -- -- : 34457 1745 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 1745 17 . . . 34457 1746 1 CBAMF CBAMF NNP 34457 1746 2 Solution Solution NNP 34457 1746 3 -- -- : 34457 1746 4 vapour vapour NN 34457 1746 5 ; ; : 34457 1746 6 salt salt NN 34457 1746 7 -- -- : 34457 1746 8 solution solution NN 34457 1746 9 . . . 34457 1747 1 EABD EABD NNP 34457 1747 2 Salt salt NN 34457 1747 3 -- -- : 34457 1747 4 solution solution NN 34457 1747 5 ; ; : 34457 1747 6 ice ice NN 34457 1747 7 -- -- : 34457 1747 8 solution solution NN 34457 1747 9 . . . 34457 1748 1 EAO EAO NNP 34457 1748 2 Ice Ice NNP 34457 1748 3 -- -- : 34457 1748 4 salt salt NN 34457 1748 5 . . . 34457 1749 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1749 2 130 130 CD 34457 1749 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1749 4 Deliquescence.--As Deliquescence.--As NNP 34457 1749 5 is be VBZ 34457 1749 6 evident evident JJ 34457 1749 7 from from IN 34457 1749 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1749 9 . . . 34457 1750 1 32 32 CD 34457 1750 2 , , , 34457 1750 3 salt salt NN 34457 1750 4 can can MD 34457 1750 5 exist exist VB 34457 1750 6 in in IN 34457 1750 7 contact contact NN 34457 1750 8 with with IN 34457 1750 9 water water NN 34457 1750 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 1750 11 at at IN 34457 1750 12 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1750 13 under under IN 34457 1750 14 those those DT 34457 1750 15 represented represent VBN 34457 1750 16 by by IN 34457 1750 17 OAMF OAMF NNP 34457 1750 18 . . . 34457 1751 1 If if IN 34457 1751 2 , , , 34457 1751 3 however however RB 34457 1751 4 , , , 34457 1751 5 the the DT 34457 1751 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 1751 7 of of IN 34457 1751 8 the the DT 34457 1751 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 1751 10 is be VBZ 34457 1751 11 increased increase VBN 34457 1751 12 until until IN 34457 1751 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1751 14 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1751 15 a a DT 34457 1751 16 value value NN 34457 1751 17 lying lie VBG 34457 1751 18 on on IN 34457 1751 19 this this DT 34457 1751 20 curve curve NN 34457 1751 21 at at IN 34457 1751 22 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1751 23 above above IN 34457 1751 24 the the DT 34457 1751 25 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1751 26 point point NN 34457 1751 27 , , , 34457 1751 28 solution solution NN 34457 1751 29 will will MD 34457 1751 30 be be VB 34457 1751 31 formed form VBN 34457 1751 32 ; ; : 34457 1751 33 for for IN 34457 1751 34 the the DT 34457 1751 35 curve curve NN 34457 1751 36 AMF AMF NNP 34457 1751 37 represents represent VBZ 34457 1751 38 the the DT 34457 1751 39 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1751 40 between between IN 34457 1751 41 salt salt NN 34457 1751 42 -- -- : 34457 1751 43 solution solution NN 34457 1751 44 -- -- : 34457 1751 45 vapour vapour NN 34457 1751 46 . . . 34457 1752 1 From from IN 34457 1752 2 this this DT 34457 1752 3 , , , 34457 1752 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1752 5 , , , 34457 1752 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1752 7 is be VBZ 34457 1752 8 clear clear JJ 34457 1752 9 that that IN 34457 1752 10 if if IN 34457 1752 11 the the DT 34457 1752 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1752 13 of of IN 34457 1752 14 the the DT 34457 1752 15 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 1752 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 1752 17 in in IN 34457 1752 18 the the DT 34457 1752 19 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 1752 20 is be VBZ 34457 1752 21 greater great JJR 34457 1752 22 than than IN 34457 1752 23 that that DT 34457 1752 24 of of IN 34457 1752 25 the the DT 34457 1752 26 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1752 27 solution solution NN 34457 1752 28 of of IN 34457 1752 29 a a DT 34457 1752 30 salt salt NN 34457 1752 31 , , , 34457 1752 32 that that DT 34457 1752 33 salt salt NN 34457 1752 34 will will MD 34457 1752 35 , , , 34457 1752 36 on on IN 34457 1752 37 being be VBG 34457 1752 38 placed place VBN 34457 1752 39 in in IN 34457 1752 40 the the DT 34457 1752 41 air air NN 34457 1752 42 , , , 34457 1752 43 form form VBP 34457 1752 44 a a DT 34457 1752 45 solution solution NN 34457 1752 46 ; ; : 34457 1752 47 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1752 48 will will MD 34457 1752 49 _ _ NNP 34457 1752 50 deliquesce deliquesce NNP 34457 1752 51 _ _ NNP 34457 1752 52 . . . 34457 1753 1 Separation separation NN 34457 1753 2 of of IN 34457 1753 3 Salt Salt NNP 34457 1753 4 on on IN 34457 1753 5 Evaporation.--With Evaporation.--With , 34457 1753 6 the the DT 34457 1753 7 help help NN 34457 1753 8 of of IN 34457 1753 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1753 10 . . . 34457 1754 1 32 32 CD 34457 1754 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1754 3 is be VBZ 34457 1754 4 possible possible JJ 34457 1754 5 to to TO 34457 1754 6 state state VB 34457 1754 7 in in IN 34457 1754 8 a a DT 34457 1754 9 general general JJ 34457 1754 10 manner manner NN 34457 1754 11 whether whether IN 34457 1754 12 or or CC 34457 1754 13 not not RB 34457 1754 14 salt salt NN 34457 1754 15 will will MD 34457 1754 16 be be VB 34457 1754 17 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1754 18 when when WRB 34457 1754 19 a a DT 34457 1754 20 solution solution NN 34457 1754 21 is be VBZ 34457 1754 22 evaporated evaporate VBN 34457 1754 23 under under IN 34457 1754 24 a a DT 34457 1754 25 constant constant JJ 34457 1754 26 pressure pressure NN 34457 1754 27 . . . 34457 1755 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1755 2 208 208 CD 34457 1755 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1755 4 The the DT 34457 1755 5 curve curve NN 34457 1755 6 AMF amf NN 34457 1755 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1755 8 Fig fig NN 34457 1755 9 . . . 34457 1756 1 32 32 CD 34457 1756 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1756 3 is be VBZ 34457 1756 4 the the DT 34457 1756 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1756 6 - - HYPH 34457 1756 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1756 8 curve curve NN 34457 1756 9 of of IN 34457 1756 10 the the DT 34457 1756 11 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1756 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 1756 13 of of IN 34457 1756 14 the the DT 34457 1756 15 salt salt NN 34457 1756 16 , , , 34457 1756 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1756 18 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1756 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1756 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1756 21 represents represent VBZ 34457 1756 22 , , , 34457 1756 23 as as IN 34457 1756 24 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1756 25 have have VBP 34457 1756 26 seen see VBN 34457 1756 27 , , , 34457 1756 28 the the DT 34457 1756 29 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1756 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 1756 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 1756 32 at at IN 34457 1756 33 which which WDT 34457 1756 34 salt salt NN 34457 1756 35 can can MD 34457 1756 36 exist exist VB 34457 1756 37 in in IN 34457 1756 38 contact contact NN 34457 1756 39 with with IN 34457 1756 40 solution solution NN 34457 1756 41 and and CC 34457 1756 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 1756 43 . . . 34457 1757 1 The the DT 34457 1757 2 dotted dotted JJ 34457 1757 3 line line NN 34457 1757 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1757 5 aa aa NNP 34457 1757 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1757 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 1757 8 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1757 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1757 10 . . . 34457 1758 1 If if IN 34457 1758 2 , , , 34457 1758 3 now now RB 34457 1758 4 , , , 34457 1758 5 an an DT 34457 1758 6 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 1758 7 solution solution NN 34457 1758 8 , , , 34457 1758 9 the the DT 34457 1758 10 composition composition NN 34457 1758 11 of of IN 34457 1758 12 which which WDT 34457 1758 13 is be VBZ 34457 1758 14 represented represent VBN 34457 1758 15 by by IN 34457 1758 16 the the DT 34457 1758 17 point point NN 34457 1758 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1758 19 x x NNP 34457 1758 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1758 21 , , , 34457 1758 22 is be VBZ 34457 1758 23 heated heat VBN 34457 1758 24 in in IN 34457 1758 25 an an DT 34457 1758 26 open open JJ 34457 1758 27 vessel vessel NN 34457 1758 28 , , , 34457 1758 29 the the DT 34457 1758 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 1758 31 will will MD 34457 1758 32 rise rise VB 34457 1758 33 , , , 34457 1758 34 and and CC 34457 1758 35 the the DT 34457 1758 36 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1758 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 1758 38 of of IN 34457 1758 39 the the DT 34457 1758 40 solution solution NN 34457 1758 41 will will MD 34457 1758 42 increase increase VB 34457 1758 43 . . . 34457 1759 1 The the DT 34457 1759 2 system system NN 34457 1759 3 will will MD 34457 1759 4 , , , 34457 1759 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1759 6 , , , 34457 1759 7 pass pass VB 34457 1759 8 along along RP 34457 1759 9 a a DT 34457 1759 10 line line NN 34457 1759 11 represented represent VBN 34457 1759 12 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 1759 13 by by IN 34457 1759 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1759 15 xx xx IN 34457 1759 16 ' ' `` 34457 1759 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1759 18 . . . 34457 1760 1 At at IN 34457 1760 2 the the DT 34457 1760 3 point point NN 34457 1760 4 _ _ NNP 34457 1760 5 x x SYM 34457 1760 6 ' ' '' 34457 1760 7 _ _ NNP 34457 1760 8 the the DT 34457 1760 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1760 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1760 11 of of IN 34457 1760 12 the the DT 34457 1760 13 system system NN 34457 1760 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 1760 15 equal equal JJ 34457 1760 16 to to IN 34457 1760 17 1 1 CD 34457 1760 18 atm atm NN 34457 1760 19 . . . 34457 1761 1 ; ; : 34457 1761 2 and and CC 34457 1761 3 as as IN 34457 1761 4 the the DT 34457 1761 5 vessel vessel NN 34457 1761 6 is be VBZ 34457 1761 7 open open JJ 34457 1761 8 to to IN 34457 1761 9 the the DT 34457 1761 10 air air NN 34457 1761 11 , , , 34457 1761 12 the the DT 34457 1761 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1761 14 can can MD 34457 1761 15 not not RB 34457 1761 16 further further RB 34457 1761 17 rise rise VB 34457 1761 18 ; ; : 34457 1761 19 the the DT 34457 1761 20 solution solution NN 34457 1761 21 boils boil VBZ 34457 1761 22 . . . 34457 1762 1 If if IN 34457 1762 2 the the DT 34457 1762 3 heating heating NN 34457 1762 4 is be VBZ 34457 1762 5 continued continue VBN 34457 1762 6 , , , 34457 1762 7 water water NN 34457 1762 8 passes pass VBZ 34457 1762 9 off off RP 34457 1762 10 , , , 34457 1762 11 the the DT 34457 1762 12 concentration concentration NN 34457 1762 13 increases increase NNS 34457 1762 14 , , , 34457 1762 15 and and CC 34457 1762 16 the the DT 34457 1762 17 boiling boiling NN 34457 1762 18 point point NN 34457 1762 19 rises rise VBZ 34457 1762 20 . . . 34457 1763 1 The the DT 34457 1763 2 system system NN 34457 1763 3 will will MD 34457 1763 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1763 5 pass pass VB 34457 1763 6 along along RP 34457 1763 7 the the DT 34457 1763 8 line line NN 34457 1763 9 _ _ NNP 34457 1763 10 x'm x'm NNP 34457 1763 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1763 12 , , , 34457 1763 13 until until IN 34457 1763 14 at at IN 34457 1763 15 the the DT 34457 1763 16 point point NN 34457 1763 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1763 18 m m NNP 34457 1763 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1763 20 solid solid JJ 34457 1763 21 salt salt NN 34457 1763 22 separates separate NNS 34457 1763 23 out out RP 34457 1763 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1763 25 provided provide VBN 34457 1763 26 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 1763 27 is be VBZ 34457 1763 28 excluded exclude VBN 34457 1763 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1763 30 . . . 34457 1764 1 The the DT 34457 1764 2 system system NN 34457 1764 3 is be VBZ 34457 1764 4 now now RB 34457 1764 5 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1764 6 , , , 34457 1764 7 and and CC 34457 1764 8 continued continue VBN 34457 1764 9 heating heating NN 34457 1764 10 will will MD 34457 1764 11 no no RB 34457 1764 12 longer longer RB 34457 1764 13 cause cause VB 34457 1764 14 an an DT 34457 1764 15 alteration alteration NN 34457 1764 16 of of IN 34457 1764 17 the the DT 34457 1764 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 1764 19 ; ; : 34457 1764 20 as as IN 34457 1764 21 water water NN 34457 1764 22 passes pass VBZ 34457 1764 23 off off RP 34457 1764 24 , , , 34457 1764 25 solid solid JJ 34457 1764 26 salt salt NN 34457 1764 27 will will MD 34457 1764 28 be be VB 34457 1764 29 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1764 30 , , , 34457 1764 31 and and CC 34457 1764 32 the the DT 34457 1764 33 solution solution NN 34457 1764 34 will will MD 34457 1764 35 evaporate evaporate VB 34457 1764 36 to to IN 34457 1764 37 dryness dryness NN 34457 1764 38 . . . 34457 1765 1 If if IN 34457 1765 2 , , , 34457 1765 3 however however RB 34457 1765 4 , , , 34457 1765 5 the the DT 34457 1765 6 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1765 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1765 8 is be VBZ 34457 1765 9 represented represent VBN 34457 1765 10 not not RB 34457 1765 11 by by IN 34457 1765 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1765 13 aa aa NNP 34457 1765 14 _ _ NNP 34457 1765 15 but but CC 34457 1765 16 by by IN 34457 1765 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1765 18 bb bb NNP 34457 1765 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1765 20 , , , 34457 1765 21 then then RB 34457 1765 22 , , , 34457 1765 23 as as IN 34457 1765 24 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1765 25 . . . 34457 1766 1 32 32 CD 34457 1766 2 shows show NNS 34457 1766 3 , , , 34457 1766 4 the the DT 34457 1766 5 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1766 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 1766 7 { { -LRB- 34457 1766 8 131 131 CD 34457 1766 9 } } -RRB- 34457 1766 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 1766 11 of of IN 34457 1766 12 the the DT 34457 1766 13 system system NN 34457 1766 14 salt salt NN 34457 1766 15 -- -- : 34457 1766 16 solution solution NN 34457 1766 17 -- -- : 34457 1766 18 vapour vapour RB 34457 1766 19 never never RB 34457 1766 20 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1766 21 the the DT 34457 1766 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1766 23 of of IN 34457 1766 24 1 1 CD 34457 1766 25 atm atm NN 34457 1766 26 . . . 34457 1767 1 Further further RB 34457 1767 2 , , , 34457 1767 3 since since IN 34457 1767 4 the the DT 34457 1767 5 curve curve NN 34457 1767 6 _ _ NNP 34457 1767 7 bb bb NNP 34457 1767 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1767 9 lies lie VBZ 34457 1767 10 in in IN 34457 1767 11 the the DT 34457 1767 12 area area NN 34457 1767 13 of of IN 34457 1767 14 the the DT 34457 1767 15 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 1767 16 system system NN 34457 1767 17 solution solution NN 34457 1767 18 -- -- : 34457 1767 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 1767 20 there there EX 34457 1767 21 can can MD 34457 1767 22 at at IN 34457 1767 23 no no DT 34457 1767 24 point point NN 34457 1767 25 be be VB 34457 1767 26 a a DT 34457 1767 27 separation separation NN 34457 1767 28 of of IN 34457 1767 29 the the DT 34457 1767 30 solid solid JJ 34457 1767 31 form form NN 34457 1767 32 ; ; : 34457 1767 33 for for IN 34457 1767 34 the the DT 34457 1767 35 system system NN 34457 1767 36 solid solid JJ 34457 1767 37 -- -- : 34457 1767 38 solution solution NN 34457 1767 39 -- -- : 34457 1767 40 vapour vapour NN 34457 1767 41 can can MD 34457 1767 42 exist exist VB 34457 1767 43 only only RB 34457 1767 44 along along IN 34457 1767 45 the the DT 34457 1767 46 curve curve NN 34457 1767 47 AMF amf NN 34457 1767 48 . . . 34457 1768 1 On on IN 34457 1768 2 evaporating evaporate VBG 34457 1768 3 the the DT 34457 1768 4 solution solution NN 34457 1768 5 of of IN 34457 1768 6 a a DT 34457 1768 7 salt salt NN 34457 1768 8 in in IN 34457 1768 9 an an DT 34457 1768 10 open open JJ 34457 1768 11 vessel vessel NN 34457 1768 12 , , , 34457 1768 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 1768 14 , , , 34457 1768 15 salt salt NN 34457 1768 16 can can MD 34457 1768 17 be be VB 34457 1768 18 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1768 19 only only RB 34457 1768 20 if if IN 34457 1768 21 at at IN 34457 1768 22 some some DT 34457 1768 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1768 24 the the DT 34457 1768 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 1768 26 of of IN 34457 1768 27 the the DT 34457 1768 28 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1768 29 solution solution NN 34457 1768 30 is be VBZ 34457 1768 31 equal equal JJ 34457 1768 32 to to IN 34457 1768 33 the the DT 34457 1768 34 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1768 35 pressure pressure NN 34457 1768 36 . . . 34457 1769 1 This this DT 34457 1769 2 is be VBZ 34457 1769 3 found find VBN 34457 1769 4 to to TO 34457 1769 5 be be VB 34457 1769 6 the the DT 34457 1769 7 case case NN 34457 1769 8 with with IN 34457 1769 9 most most JJS 34457 1769 10 salts salt NNS 34457 1769 11 . . . 34457 1770 1 In in IN 34457 1770 2 the the DT 34457 1770 3 case case NN 34457 1770 4 of of IN 34457 1770 5 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 1770 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 1770 7 of of IN 34457 1770 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 1770 9 and and CC 34457 1770 10 potassium potassium NN 34457 1770 11 hydroxide hydroxide NN 34457 1770 12 , , , 34457 1770 13 however however RB 34457 1770 14 , , , 34457 1770 15 the the DT 34457 1770 16 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1770 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1770 18 of of IN 34457 1770 19 the the DT 34457 1770 20 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1770 21 solution solution NN 34457 1770 22 never never RB 34457 1770 23 reaches reach VBZ 34457 1770 24 the the DT 34457 1770 25 value value NN 34457 1770 26 of of IN 34457 1770 27 1 1 CD 34457 1770 28 atm atm NN 34457 1770 29 . . . 34457 1770 30 , , , 34457 1770 31 and and CC 34457 1770 32 on on IN 34457 1770 33 evaporating evaporate VBG 34457 1770 34 these these DT 34457 1770 35 solutions solution NNS 34457 1770 36 , , , 34457 1770 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 1770 38 , , , 34457 1770 39 in in IN 34457 1770 40 an an DT 34457 1770 41 open open JJ 34457 1770 42 vessel vessel NN 34457 1770 43 , , , 34457 1770 44 there there EX 34457 1770 45 is be VBZ 34457 1770 46 no no DT 34457 1770 47 separation separation NN 34457 1770 48 of of IN 34457 1770 49 the the DT 34457 1770 50 solid solid JJ 34457 1770 51 . . . 34457 1771 1 Only only RB 34457 1771 2 a a DT 34457 1771 3 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 1771 4 fused fuse VBN 34457 1771 5 mass mass NN 34457 1771 6 is be VBZ 34457 1771 7 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1771 8 . . . 34457 1772 1 If if IN 34457 1772 2 , , , 34457 1772 3 however however RB 34457 1772 4 , , , 34457 1772 5 the the DT 34457 1772 6 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 1772 7 be be VB 34457 1772 8 carried carry VBN 34457 1772 9 out out RP 34457 1772 10 under under IN 34457 1772 11 a a DT 34457 1772 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 1772 13 which which WDT 34457 1772 14 is be VBZ 34457 1772 15 lower low JJR 34457 1772 16 than than IN 34457 1772 17 the the DT 34457 1772 18 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1772 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 1772 20 of of IN 34457 1772 21 the the DT 34457 1772 22 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1772 23 solution solution NN 34457 1772 24 , , , 34457 1772 25 separation separation NN 34457 1772 26 of of IN 34457 1772 27 the the DT 34457 1772 28 solid solid JJ 34457 1772 29 substance substance NN 34457 1772 30 will will MD 34457 1772 31 be be VB 34457 1772 32 possible possible JJ 34457 1772 33 . . . 34457 1773 1 General General NNP 34457 1773 2 Summary.--The Summary.--The NNP 34457 1773 3 systems system NNS 34457 1773 4 which which WDT 34457 1773 5 have have VBP 34457 1773 6 been be VBN 34457 1773 7 discussed discuss VBN 34457 1773 8 in in IN 34457 1773 9 the the DT 34457 1773 10 present present JJ 34457 1773 11 chapter chapter NN 34457 1773 12 contained contain VBD 34457 1773 13 water water NN 34457 1773 14 as as IN 34457 1773 15 one one CD 34457 1773 16 of of IN 34457 1773 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1773 18 components component NNS 34457 1773 19 , , , 34457 1773 20 and and CC 34457 1773 21 an an DT 34457 1773 22 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1773 23 salt salt NN 34457 1773 24 as as IN 34457 1773 25 the the DT 34457 1773 26 other other JJ 34457 1773 27 . . . 34457 1774 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1774 2 will will MD 34457 1774 3 , , , 34457 1774 4 however however RB 34457 1774 5 , , , 34457 1774 6 be be VB 34457 1774 7 clear clear JJ 34457 1774 8 that that IN 34457 1774 9 the the DT 34457 1774 10 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1774 11 which which WDT 34457 1774 12 were be VBD 34457 1774 13 found find VBN 34457 1774 14 in in IN 34457 1774 15 the the DT 34457 1774 16 case case NN 34457 1774 17 of of IN 34457 1774 18 these these DT 34457 1774 19 will will MD 34457 1774 20 be be VB 34457 1774 21 found find VBN 34457 1774 22 also also RB 34457 1774 23 in in IN 34457 1774 24 other other JJ 34457 1774 25 cases case NNS 34457 1774 26 where where WRB 34457 1774 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1774 28 is be VBZ 34457 1774 29 a a DT 34457 1774 30 question question NN 34457 1774 31 of of IN 34457 1774 32 the the DT 34457 1774 33 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1774 34 between between IN 34457 1774 35 two two CD 34457 1774 36 components component NNS 34457 1774 37 , , , 34457 1774 38 which which WDT 34457 1774 39 crystallize crystallize VBP 34457 1774 40 out out RP 34457 1774 41 in in IN 34457 1774 42 the the DT 34457 1774 43 pure pure JJ 34457 1774 44 state state NN 34457 1774 45 , , , 34457 1774 46 and and CC 34457 1774 47 only only RB 34457 1774 48 one one CD 34457 1774 49 of of IN 34457 1774 50 which which WDT 34457 1774 51 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1774 52 a a DT 34457 1774 53 measurable measurable JJ 34457 1774 54 vapour vapour NN 34457 1774 55 pressure pressure NN 34457 1774 56 . . . 34457 1775 1 A a DT 34457 1775 2 similar similar JJ 34457 1775 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1775 4 will will MD 34457 1775 5 , , , 34457 1775 6 for for IN 34457 1775 7 example example NN 34457 1775 8 , , , 34457 1775 9 be be VB 34457 1775 10 found find VBN 34457 1775 11 in in IN 34457 1775 12 the the DT 34457 1775 13 case case NN 34457 1775 14 of of IN 34457 1775 15 many many JJ 34457 1775 16 pairs pair NNS 34457 1775 17 of of IN 34457 1775 18 organic organic JJ 34457 1775 19 substances substance NNS 34457 1775 20 ; ; : 34457 1775 21 and and CC 34457 1775 22 in in IN 34457 1775 23 all all DT 34457 1775 24 cases case NNS 34457 1775 25 the the DT 34457 1775 26 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1775 27 will will MD 34457 1775 28 be be VB 34457 1775 29 represented represent VBN 34457 1775 30 by by IN 34457 1775 31 a a DT 34457 1775 32 diagram diagram NN 34457 1775 33 of of IN 34457 1775 34 the the DT 34457 1775 35 general general JJ 34457 1775 36 appearance appearance NN 34457 1775 37 of of IN 34457 1775 38 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1775 39 . . . 34457 1776 1 29 29 CD 34457 1776 2 or or CC 34457 1776 3 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1776 4 . . . 34457 1777 1 30 30 CD 34457 1777 2 . . . 34457 1778 1 That that DT 34457 1778 2 is be VBZ 34457 1778 3 to to TO 34457 1778 4 say say VB 34457 1778 5 : : : 34457 1778 6 Starting start VBG 34457 1778 7 from from IN 34457 1778 8 the the DT 34457 1778 9 fusion fusion NN 34457 1778 10 point point NN 34457 1778 11 of of IN 34457 1778 12 component component NN 34457 1778 13 I. I. NNP 34457 1778 14 , , , 34457 1778 15 the the DT 34457 1778 16 system system NN 34457 1778 17 will will MD 34457 1778 18 pass pass VB 34457 1778 19 , , , 34457 1778 20 by by IN 34457 1778 21 progressive progressive JJ 34457 1778 22 addition addition NN 34457 1778 23 of of IN 34457 1778 24 component component NNP 34457 1778 25 II II NNP 34457 1778 26 . . NNP 34457 1778 27 , , , 34457 1778 28 to to IN 34457 1778 29 regions region NNS 34457 1778 30 of of IN 34457 1778 31 lower low JJR 34457 1778 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 1778 33 , , , 34457 1778 34 until until IN 34457 1778 35 at at IN 34457 1778 36 last last JJ 34457 1778 37 the the DT 34457 1778 38 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1778 39 or or CC 34457 1778 40 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 1778 41 point point NN 34457 1778 42 is be VBZ 34457 1778 43 reached reach VBN 34457 1778 44 . . . 34457 1779 1 On on IN 34457 1779 2 further further JJ 34457 1779 3 addition addition NN 34457 1779 4 of of IN 34457 1779 5 component component NN 34457 1779 6 II II NNP 34457 1779 7 . . NNP 34457 1779 8 , , , 34457 1779 9 the the DT 34457 1779 10 system system NN 34457 1779 11 will will MD 34457 1779 12 pass pass VB 34457 1779 13 to to IN 34457 1779 14 regions region NNS 34457 1779 15 of of IN 34457 1779 16 higher high JJR 34457 1779 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 1779 18 , , , 34457 1779 19 the the DT 34457 1779 20 solid solid JJ 34457 1779 21 phase phase NN 34457 1779 22 now now RB 34457 1779 23 being be VBG 34457 1779 24 component component NN 34457 1779 25 II ii CD 34457 1779 26 . . . 34457 1780 1 If if IN 34457 1780 2 the the DT 34457 1780 3 fused fuse VBN 34457 1780 4 components component NNS 34457 1780 5 are be VBP 34457 1780 6 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1780 7 with with IN 34457 1780 8 one one CD 34457 1780 9 another another DT 34457 1780 10 in in IN 34457 1780 11 all all DT 34457 1780 12 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1780 13 a a DT 34457 1780 14 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1780 15 curve curve NN 34457 1780 16 will will MD 34457 1780 17 be be VB 34457 1780 18 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1780 19 leading lead VBG 34457 1780 20 up up IN 34457 1780 21 to to IN 34457 1780 22 the the DT 34457 1780 23 point point NN 34457 1780 24 of of IN 34457 1780 25 fusion fusion NN 34457 1780 26 of of IN 34457 1780 27 component component NN 34457 1780 28 II ii CD 34457 1780 29 . . . 34457 1781 1 Slight slight JJ 34457 1781 2 changes change NNS 34457 1781 3 of of IN 34457 1781 4 direction direction NN 34457 1781 5 , , , 34457 1781 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1781 7 is be VBZ 34457 1781 8 true true JJ 34457 1781 9 , , , 34457 1781 10 due due IN 34457 1781 11 to to IN 34457 1781 12 changes change NNS 34457 1781 13 in in IN 34457 1781 14 the the DT 34457 1781 15 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1781 16 form form NN 34457 1781 17 , , , 34457 1781 18 may may MD 34457 1781 19 be be VB 34457 1781 20 found find VBN 34457 1781 21 along along IN 34457 1781 22 this this DT 34457 1781 23 curve curve NN 34457 1781 24 , , , 34457 1781 25 { { -LRB- 34457 1781 26 132 132 CD 34457 1781 27 } } -RRB- 34457 1781 28 but but CC 34457 1781 29 throughout throughout IN 34457 1781 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1781 31 whole whole JJ 34457 1781 32 course course NN 34457 1781 33 there there EX 34457 1781 34 will will MD 34457 1781 35 be be VB 34457 1781 36 but but CC 34457 1781 37 one one CD 34457 1781 38 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1781 39 phase phase NN 34457 1781 40 . . . 34457 1782 1 If if IN 34457 1782 2 , , , 34457 1782 3 on on IN 34457 1782 4 the the DT 34457 1782 5 other other JJ 34457 1782 6 hand hand NN 34457 1782 7 , , , 34457 1782 8 the the DT 34457 1782 9 fused fuse VBN 34457 1782 10 components component NNS 34457 1782 11 are be VBP 34457 1782 12 not not RB 34457 1782 13 miscible miscible JJ 34457 1782 14 in in IN 34457 1782 15 all all DT 34457 1782 16 proportions proportion NNS 34457 1782 17 , , , 34457 1782 18 then then RB 34457 1782 19 the the DT 34457 1782 20 second second JJ 34457 1782 21 curve curve NN 34457 1782 22 will will MD 34457 1782 23 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1782 24 a a DT 34457 1782 25 marked marked JJ 34457 1782 26 discontinuity discontinuity NN 34457 1782 27 , , , 34457 1782 28 and and CC 34457 1782 29 two two CD 34457 1782 30 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1782 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1782 32 will will MD 34457 1782 33 make make VB 34457 1782 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1782 35 appearance appearance NN 34457 1782 36 . . . 34457 1783 1 * * NFP 34457 1783 2 * * NFP 34457 1783 3 * * NFP 34457 1783 4 * * NFP 34457 1783 5 * * NFP 34457 1783 6 { { -LRB- 34457 1783 7 133 133 CD 34457 1783 8 } } -RRB- 34457 1783 9 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 1783 10 VIII viii NN 34457 1783 11 SOLUTIONS solution NNS 34457 1783 12 OF of IN 34457 1783 13 SOLIDS solids NN 34457 1783 14 IN in IN 34457 1783 15 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 1783 16 , , , 34457 1783 17 ONLY only RB 34457 1783 18 ONE one CD 34457 1783 19 OF of IN 34457 1783 20 THE the DT 34457 1783 21 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 1783 22 BEING be VBG 34457 1783 23 VOLATILE volatile JJ 34457 1783 24 B.--HYDRATED B.--HYDRATED : 34457 1783 25 SALT SALT NNP 34457 1783 26 AND and CC 34457 1783 27 WATER WATER NNP 34457 1783 28 . . . 34457 1784 1 In in IN 34457 1784 2 the the DT 34457 1784 3 preceding precede VBG 34457 1784 4 chapter chapter NN 34457 1784 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1784 6 discussed discuss VBD 34457 1784 7 the the DT 34457 1784 8 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1784 9 of of IN 34457 1784 10 systems system NNS 34457 1784 11 formed form VBN 34457 1784 12 of of IN 34457 1784 13 two two CD 34457 1784 14 components component NNS 34457 1784 15 , , , 34457 1784 16 only only RB 34457 1784 17 one one CD 34457 1784 18 of of IN 34457 1784 19 which which WDT 34457 1784 20 was be VBD 34457 1784 21 volatile volatile JJ 34457 1784 22 , , , 34457 1784 23 in in IN 34457 1784 24 those those DT 34457 1784 25 cases case NNS 34457 1784 26 where where WRB 34457 1784 27 the the DT 34457 1784 28 two two CD 34457 1784 29 components component NNS 34457 1784 30 separated separate VBN 34457 1784 31 from from IN 34457 1784 32 solution solution NN 34457 1784 33 in in IN 34457 1784 34 the the DT 34457 1784 35 pure pure JJ 34457 1784 36 state state NN 34457 1784 37 . . . 34457 1785 1 In in IN 34457 1785 2 the the DT 34457 1785 3 present present JJ 34457 1785 4 chapter chapter NN 34457 1785 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1785 6 shall shall MD 34457 1785 7 consider consider VB 34457 1785 8 those those DT 34457 1785 9 systems system NNS 34457 1785 10 in in IN 34457 1785 11 which which WDT 34457 1785 12 combination combination NN 34457 1785 13 between between IN 34457 1785 14 the the DT 34457 1785 15 components component NNS 34457 1785 16 can can MD 34457 1785 17 occur occur VB 34457 1785 18 with with IN 34457 1785 19 the the DT 34457 1785 20 formation formation NN 34457 1785 21 of of IN 34457 1785 22 definite definite JJ 34457 1785 23 compounds compound NNS 34457 1785 24 ; ; , 34457 1785 25 such such JJ 34457 1785 26 as as IN 34457 1785 27 are be VBP 34457 1785 28 found find VBN 34457 1785 29 in in IN 34457 1785 30 the the DT 34457 1785 31 case case NN 34457 1785 32 of of IN 34457 1785 33 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 1785 34 salt salt NN 34457 1785 35 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1785 36 . . . 34457 1786 1 Since since IN 34457 1786 2 a a DT 34457 1786 3 not not RB 34457 1786 4 inconsiderable inconsiderable JJ 34457 1786 5 amount amount NN 34457 1786 6 of of IN 34457 1786 7 study study NN 34457 1786 8 has have VBZ 34457 1786 9 been be VBN 34457 1786 10 devoted devote VBN 34457 1786 11 to to IN 34457 1786 12 the the DT 34457 1786 13 systems system NNS 34457 1786 14 formed form VBN 34457 1786 15 by by IN 34457 1786 16 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1786 17 salts salt NNS 34457 1786 18 and and CC 34457 1786 19 water water NN 34457 1786 20 , , , 34457 1786 21 systems system NNS 34457 1786 22 which which WDT 34457 1786 23 are be VBP 34457 1786 24 of of IN 34457 1786 25 great great JJ 34457 1786 26 chemical chemical NN 34457 1786 27 interest interest NN 34457 1786 28 and and CC 34457 1786 29 importance importance NN 34457 1786 30 , , , 34457 1786 31 the the DT 34457 1786 32 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1786 33 of of IN 34457 1786 34 these these DT 34457 1786 35 will will MD 34457 1786 36 first first RB 34457 1786 37 call call VB 34457 1786 38 for for IN 34457 1786 39 discussion discussion NN 34457 1786 40 in in IN 34457 1786 41 some some DT 34457 1786 42 detail detail NN 34457 1786 43 , , , 34457 1786 44 and and CC 34457 1786 45 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1786 46 will will MD 34457 1786 47 be be VB 34457 1786 48 found find VBN 34457 1786 49 later later RB 34457 1786 50 that that IN 34457 1786 51 the the DT 34457 1786 52 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1786 53 which which WDT 34457 1786 54 exist exist VBP 34457 1786 55 in in IN 34457 1786 56 such such JJ 34457 1786 57 systems system NNS 34457 1786 58 appear appear VBP 34457 1786 59 also also RB 34457 1786 60 in in IN 34457 1786 61 a a DT 34457 1786 62 large large JJ 34457 1786 63 number number NN 34457 1786 64 of of IN 34457 1786 65 other other JJ 34457 1786 66 two two CD 34457 1786 67 - - HYPH 34457 1786 68 component component NN 34457 1786 69 systems system NNS 34457 1786 70 . . . 34457 1787 1 The the DT 34457 1787 2 systems system NNS 34457 1787 3 belonging belong VBG 34457 1787 4 to to IN 34457 1787 5 this this DT 34457 1787 6 group group NN 34457 1787 7 may may MD 34457 1787 8 be be VB 34457 1787 9 divided divide VBN 34457 1787 10 into into IN 34457 1787 11 two two CD 34457 1787 12 classes class NNS 34457 1787 13 according accord VBG 34457 1787 14 as as IN 34457 1787 15 the the DT 34457 1787 16 compounds compound NNS 34457 1787 17 formed form VBD 34457 1787 18 possess possess VBP 34457 1787 19 a a DT 34457 1787 20 definite definite JJ 34457 1787 21 melting melting NN 34457 1787 22 point point NN 34457 1787 23 , , , 34457 1787 24 _ _ NNP 34457 1787 25 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1787 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1787 27 form form NN 34457 1787 28 a a DT 34457 1787 29 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1787 30 phase phase NN 34457 1787 31 of of IN 34457 1787 32 the the DT 34457 1787 33 same same JJ 34457 1787 34 composition composition NN 34457 1787 35 , , , 34457 1787 36 or or CC 34457 1787 37 do do VBP 34457 1787 38 not not RB 34457 1787 39 do do VB 34457 1787 40 so so RB 34457 1787 41 . . . 34457 1788 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1788 2 shall shall MD 34457 1788 3 consider consider VB 34457 1788 4 the the DT 34457 1788 5 latter latter JJ 34457 1788 6 first first JJ 34457 1788 7 . . . 34457 1789 1 1 1 LS 34457 1789 2 . . . 34457 1790 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1790 2 The the DT 34457 1790 3 Compounds Compounds NNPS 34457 1790 4 formed form VBN 34457 1790 5 do do VBP 34457 1790 6 not not RB 34457 1790 7 have have VB 34457 1790 8 a a DT 34457 1790 9 Definite Definite NNP 34457 1790 10 Melting Melting NNP 34457 1790 11 Point Point NNP 34457 1790 12 . . . 34457 1790 13 _ _ NNP 34457 1790 14 Concentration Concentration NNP 34457 1790 15 - - HYPH 34457 1790 16 Temperature Temperature NNP 34457 1790 17 Diagram.--In Diagram.--In VBZ 34457 1790 18 the the DT 34457 1790 19 case case NN 34457 1790 20 of of IN 34457 1790 21 salts salt NNS 34457 1790 22 which which WDT 34457 1790 23 can can MD 34457 1790 24 form form VB 34457 1790 25 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1790 26 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1790 27 , , , 34457 1790 28 the the DT 34457 1790 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1790 30 - - HYPH 34457 1790 31 concentration concentration NN 34457 1790 32 diagram diagram NN 34457 1790 33 , , , 34457 1790 34 representing represent VBG 34457 1790 35 the the DT 34457 1790 36 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1790 37 of of IN 34457 1790 38 the the DT 34457 1790 39 { { -LRB- 34457 1790 40 134 134 CD 34457 1790 41 } } -RRB- 34457 1790 42 different different JJ 34457 1790 43 possible possible JJ 34457 1790 44 systems system NNS 34457 1790 45 , , , 34457 1790 46 must must MD 34457 1790 47 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1790 48 be be VB 34457 1790 49 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 1790 50 more more RBR 34457 1790 51 complicated complicated JJ 34457 1790 52 than than IN 34457 1790 53 where where WRB 34457 1790 54 no no DT 34457 1790 55 such such JJ 34457 1790 56 combination combination NN 34457 1790 57 of of IN 34457 1790 58 the the DT 34457 1790 59 components component NNS 34457 1790 60 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1790 61 . . . 34457 1791 1 For for IN 34457 1791 2 , , , 34457 1791 3 as as IN 34457 1791 4 has have VBZ 34457 1791 5 already already RB 34457 1791 6 been be VBN 34457 1791 7 pointed point VBN 34457 1791 8 out out RP 34457 1791 9 , , , 34457 1791 10 each each DT 34457 1791 11 substance substance NN 34457 1791 12 has have VBZ 34457 1791 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1791 14 own own JJ 34457 1791 15 solubility solubility NN 34457 1791 16 curve curve NN 34457 1791 17 ; ; : 34457 1791 18 and and CC 34457 1791 19 there there EX 34457 1791 20 will will MD 34457 1791 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 1791 22 be be VB 34457 1791 23 as as RB 34457 1791 24 many many JJ 34457 1791 25 solubility solubility NN 34457 1791 26 curves curve NNS 34457 1791 27 as as IN 34457 1791 28 there there EX 34457 1791 29 are be VBP 34457 1791 30 solid solid JJ 34457 1791 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1791 32 possible possible JJ 34457 1791 33 , , , 34457 1791 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1791 35 the the DT 34457 1791 36 curve curve NN 34457 1791 37 for for IN 34457 1791 38 each each DT 34457 1791 39 particular particular JJ 34457 1791 40 solid solid JJ 34457 1791 41 phase phase NN 34457 1791 42 being be VBG 34457 1791 43 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1791 44 so so RB 34457 1791 45 long long RB 34457 1791 46 as as IN 34457 1791 47 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1791 48 remains remain VBZ 34457 1791 49 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1791 50 in in IN 34457 1791 51 contact contact NN 34457 1791 52 with with IN 34457 1791 53 the the DT 34457 1791 54 solution solution NN 34457 1791 55 _ _ NNP 34457 1791 56 . . . 34457 1792 1 As as IN 34457 1792 2 an an DT 34457 1792 3 example example NN 34457 1792 4 of of IN 34457 1792 5 the the DT 34457 1792 6 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1792 7 met meet VBD 34457 1792 8 with with IN 34457 1792 9 in in IN 34457 1792 10 such such JJ 34457 1792 11 cases case NNS 34457 1792 12 , , , 34457 1792 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1792 14 shall shall MD 34457 1792 15 first first RB 34457 1792 16 of of IN 34457 1792 17 all all DT 34457 1792 18 consider consider VB 34457 1792 19 the the DT 34457 1792 20 systems system NNS 34457 1792 21 formed form VBN 34457 1792 22 of of IN 34457 1792 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 1792 24 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1792 25 and and CC 34457 1792 26 water water NN 34457 1792 27 . . . 34457 1793 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1793 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1793 3 : : : 34457 1793 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1793 5 . . . 34457 1794 1 33 33 CD 34457 1794 2 . . . 34457 1794 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1795 1 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 1795 2 Sulphate Sulphate NNP 34457 1795 3 and and CC 34457 1795 4 Water.--At Water.--At NNP 34457 1795 5 the the DT 34457 1795 6 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1795 7 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1795 8 , , , 34457 1795 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 1795 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1795 11 crystallises crystallise NNS 34457 1795 12 from from IN 34457 1795 13 water water NN 34457 1795 14 with with IN 34457 1795 15 ten ten CD 34457 1795 16 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1795 17 of of IN 34457 1795 18 water water NN 34457 1795 19 of of IN 34457 1795 20 crystallisation crystallisation NN 34457 1795 21 , , , 34457 1795 22 forming form VBG 34457 1795 23 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 1795 24 's 's POS 34457 1795 25 salt salt NN 34457 1795 26 . . . 34457 1796 1 On on IN 34457 1796 2 determining determine VBG 34457 1796 3 the the DT 34457 1796 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 1796 5 of of IN 34457 1796 6 this this DT 34457 1796 7 salt salt NN 34457 1796 8 in in IN 34457 1796 9 water water NN 34457 1796 10 , , , 34457 1796 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1796 12 is be VBZ 34457 1796 13 found find VBN 34457 1796 14 that that IN 34457 1796 15 the the DT 34457 1796 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 1796 17 increases increase VBZ 34457 1796 18 as as IN 34457 1796 19 the the DT 34457 1796 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 1796 21 rises rise VBZ 34457 1796 22 , , , 34457 1796 23 the the DT 34457 1796 24 values value NNS 34457 1796 25 of of IN 34457 1796 26 the the DT 34457 1796 27 solubility solubility NN 34457 1796 28 , , , 34457 1796 29 represented represent VBN 34457 1796 30 graphically graphically RB 34457 1796 31 by by IN 34457 1796 32 the the DT 34457 1796 33 curve curve NN 34457 1796 34 AC AC NNP 34457 1796 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1796 36 Fig fig NN 34457 1796 37 . . . 34457 1797 1 33 33 CD 34457 1797 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1797 3 , , , 34457 1797 4 being be VBG 34457 1797 5 given give VBN 34457 1797 6 in in IN 34457 1797 7 the the DT 34457 1797 8 following follow VBG 34457 1797 9 table table NN 34457 1797 10 . . . 34457 1798 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1798 2 209 209 CD 34457 1798 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1798 4 The the DT 34457 1798 5 numbers number NNS 34457 1798 6 denote denote NN 34457 1798 7 grams gram NNS 34457 1798 8 of of IN 34457 1798 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 1798 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1798 11 , , , 34457 1798 12 calculated calculate VBN 34457 1798 13 as as IN 34457 1798 14 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1798 15 salt salt NN 34457 1798 16 , , , 34457 1798 17 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1798 18 by by IN 34457 1798 19 100 100 CD 34457 1798 20 grams gram NNS 34457 1798 21 of of IN 34457 1798 22 water water NN 34457 1798 23 . . . 34457 1799 1 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 1799 2 OF of IN 34457 1799 3 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O. na_{2}so_{4},10h_{2}o. RB 34457 1800 1 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1800 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1800 3 . . . 34457 1801 1 | | NNP 34457 1801 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1801 3 . . . 34457 1802 1 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1802 2 0 0 NNP 34457 1802 3 ° ° , 34457 1802 4 | | CD 34457 1802 5 5.02 5.02 CD 34457 1802 6 10 10 NNPS 34457 1802 7 ° ° , 34457 1802 8 | | CD 34457 1802 9 9.00 9.00 CD 34457 1802 10 15 15â CD 34457 1802 11 ° ° , 34457 1802 12 | | CD 34457 1802 13 13.20 13.20 CD 34457 1802 14 18 18 NNP 34457 1802 15 ° ° , 34457 1802 16 | | CD 34457 1802 17 16.80 16.80 CD 34457 1802 18 20 20â CD 34457 1802 19 ° ° , 34457 1802 20 | | CD 34457 1802 21 19.40 19.40 CD 34457 1802 22 25 25â CD 34457 1802 23 ° ° , 34457 1802 24 | | CD 34457 1802 25 28.00 28.00 CD 34457 1802 26 30 30â CD 34457 1802 27 ° ° , 34457 1802 28 | | CD 34457 1802 29 40.00 40.00 CD 34457 1802 30 33 33 NNP 34457 1802 31 ° ° , 34457 1802 32 | | NNP 34457 1802 33 50.76 50.76 CD 34457 1802 34 34 34 NNP 34457 1802 35 ° ° , 34457 1802 36 | | CD 34457 1802 37 55.00 55.00 CD 34457 1802 38 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1802 39 { { -LRB- 34457 1802 40 135 135 CD 34457 1802 41 } } -RRB- 34457 1802 42 On on IN 34457 1802 43 continuing continue VBG 34457 1802 44 the the DT 34457 1802 45 investigation investigation NN 34457 1802 46 at at IN 34457 1802 47 higher high JJR 34457 1802 48 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1802 49 , , , 34457 1802 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1802 51 was be VBD 34457 1802 52 found find VBN 34457 1802 53 that that IN 34457 1802 54 the the DT 34457 1802 55 solubility solubility NN 34457 1802 56 no no RB 34457 1802 57 longer long RBR 34457 1802 58 increased increase VBD 34457 1802 59 , , , 34457 1802 60 but but CC 34457 1802 61 _ _ NNP 34457 1802 62 decreased decrease VBD 34457 1802 63 with with IN 34457 1802 64 rise rise NN 34457 1802 65 of of IN 34457 1802 66 temperature temperature NN 34457 1802 67 _ _ NNP 34457 1802 68 . . . 34457 1803 1 At at IN 34457 1803 2 the the DT 34457 1803 3 same same JJ 34457 1803 4 time time NN 34457 1803 5 , , , 34457 1803 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1803 7 was be VBD 34457 1803 8 observed observe VBN 34457 1803 9 that that IN 34457 1803 10 the the DT 34457 1803 11 solid solid JJ 34457 1803 12 phase phase NN 34457 1803 13 was be VBD 34457 1803 14 now now RB 34457 1803 15 different different JJ 34457 1803 16 from from IN 34457 1803 17 that that DT 34457 1803 18 in in IN 34457 1803 19 contact contact NN 34457 1803 20 with with IN 34457 1803 21 the the DT 34457 1803 22 solution solution NN 34457 1803 23 at at IN 34457 1803 24 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1803 25 below below IN 34457 1803 26 33 33 NNP 34457 1803 27 ° ° NNS 34457 1803 28 ; ; , 34457 1803 29 for for IN 34457 1803 30 whereas wherea NNS 34457 1803 31 in in IN 34457 1803 32 the the DT 34457 1803 33 latter latter JJ 34457 1803 34 case case NN 34457 1803 35 the the DT 34457 1803 36 solid solid JJ 34457 1803 37 phase phase NN 34457 1803 38 was be VBD 34457 1803 39 sodium sodium NN 34457 1803 40 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1803 41 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1803 42 , , , 34457 1803 43 at at IN 34457 1803 44 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1803 45 above above IN 34457 1803 46 33 33 NNP 34457 1803 47 ° ° VBZ 34457 1803 48 the the DT 34457 1803 49 solid solid JJ 34457 1803 50 phase phase NN 34457 1803 51 was be VBD 34457 1803 52 the the DT 34457 1803 53 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1803 54 salt salt NN 34457 1803 55 . . . 34457 1804 1 The the DT 34457 1804 2 course course NN 34457 1804 3 of of IN 34457 1804 4 the the DT 34457 1804 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 1804 6 curve curve NN 34457 1804 7 of of IN 34457 1804 8 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1804 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 1804 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1804 11 is be VBZ 34457 1804 12 shown show VBN 34457 1804 13 by by IN 34457 1804 14 BD BD NNP 34457 1804 15 , , , 34457 1804 16 and and CC 34457 1804 17 the the DT 34457 1804 18 values value NNS 34457 1804 19 of of IN 34457 1804 20 the the DT 34457 1804 21 solubility solubility NN 34457 1804 22 are be VBP 34457 1804 23 given give VBN 34457 1804 24 in in IN 34457 1804 25 the the DT 34457 1804 26 following following JJ 34457 1804 27 table:--[210 table:--[210 NNP 34457 1804 28 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1804 29 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 1804 30 OF of IN 34457 1804 31 ANHYDROUS ANHYDROUS NNP 34457 1804 32 SODIUM SODIUM NNP 34457 1804 33 SULPHATE SULPHATE NNP 34457 1804 34 . . . 34457 1805 1 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1805 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1805 3 . . . 34457 1806 1 | | NNP 34457 1806 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1806 3 . . . 34457 1807 1 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1807 2 18 18 NNS 34457 1807 3 ° ° , 34457 1807 4 | | CD 34457 1807 5 53.25 53.25 CD 34457 1807 6 20 20â CD 34457 1807 7 ° ° , 34457 1807 8 | | CD 34457 1807 9 52.76 52.76 CD 34457 1807 10 25 25â CD 34457 1807 11 ° ° , 34457 1807 12 | | CD 34457 1807 13 51.53 51.53 CD 34457 1807 14 30 30â CD 34457 1807 15 ° ° , 34457 1807 16 | | CD 34457 1807 17 50.37 50.37 CD 34457 1807 18 33 33 NNP 34457 1807 19 ° ° , 34457 1807 20 | | CD 34457 1807 21 49.71 49.71 CD 34457 1807 22 34 34â CD 34457 1807 23 ° ° , 34457 1807 24 | | CD 34457 1807 25 49.53 49.53 CD 34457 1807 26 36 36 NNP 34457 1807 27 ° ° , 34457 1807 28 | | CD 34457 1807 29 49.27 49.27 CD 34457 1807 30 40.15 40.15â CD 34457 1807 31 ° ° , 34457 1807 32 | | CD 34457 1807 33 48.78 48.78 CD 34457 1807 34 50.40 50.40â CD 34457 1807 35 ° ° , 34457 1807 36 | | CD 34457 1807 37 46.82 46.82 CD 34457 1807 38 -------------------------- -------------------------- . 34457 1807 39 As as IN 34457 1807 40 is be VBZ 34457 1807 41 evident evident JJ 34457 1807 42 from from IN 34457 1807 43 the the DT 34457 1807 44 figure figure NN 34457 1807 45 , , , 34457 1807 46 the the DT 34457 1807 47 solubility solubility NN 34457 1807 48 curve curve NN 34457 1807 49 which which WDT 34457 1807 50 is be VBZ 34457 1807 51 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1807 52 when when WRB 34457 1807 53 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1807 54 sodium sodium NN 34457 1807 55 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1807 56 is be VBZ 34457 1807 57 present present JJ 34457 1807 58 as as IN 34457 1807 59 the the DT 34457 1807 60 solid solid JJ 34457 1807 61 phase phase NN 34457 1807 62 , , , 34457 1807 63 cuts cut VBZ 34457 1807 64 the the DT 34457 1807 65 curve curve NN 34457 1807 66 representing represent VBG 34457 1807 67 the the DT 34457 1807 68 solubility solubility NN 34457 1807 69 of of IN 34457 1807 70 the the DT 34457 1807 71 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1807 72 , , , 34457 1807 73 at at IN 34457 1807 74 a a DT 34457 1807 75 temperature temperature NN 34457 1807 76 of of IN 34457 1807 77 about about IN 34457 1807 78 33 33 NNP 34457 1807 79 ° ° NNS 34457 1807 80 . . . 34457 1808 1 If if IN 34457 1808 2 a a DT 34457 1808 3 solution solution NN 34457 1808 4 of of IN 34457 1808 5 sodium sodium NN 34457 1808 6 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1808 7 which which WDT 34457 1808 8 has have VBZ 34457 1808 9 been be VBN 34457 1808 10 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1808 11 at at IN 34457 1808 12 a a DT 34457 1808 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 1808 14 of of IN 34457 1808 15 about about IN 34457 1808 16 34 34â CD 34457 1808 17 ° ° NNS 34457 1808 18 be be VB 34457 1808 19 cooled cool VBN 34457 1808 20 down down RP 34457 1808 21 to to IN 34457 1808 22 a a DT 34457 1808 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1808 24 below below IN 34457 1808 25 17 17 NNP 34457 1808 26 ° ° NNS 34457 1808 27 , , , 34457 1808 28 while while IN 34457 1808 29 care care NN 34457 1808 30 is be VBZ 34457 1808 31 taken take VBN 34457 1808 32 that that IN 34457 1808 33 the the DT 34457 1808 34 solution solution NN 34457 1808 35 is be VBZ 34457 1808 36 protected protect VBN 34457 1808 37 against against IN 34457 1808 38 access access NN 34457 1808 39 of of IN 34457 1808 40 particles particle NNS 34457 1808 41 of of IN 34457 1808 42 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 1808 43 's 's POS 34457 1808 44 salt salt NN 34457 1808 45 , , , 34457 1808 46 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1808 47 of of IN 34457 1808 48 a a DT 34457 1808 49 second second JJ 34457 1808 50 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1808 51 of of IN 34457 1808 52 sodium sodium NN 34457 1808 53 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1808 54 , , , 34457 1808 55 having have VBG 34457 1808 56 the the DT 34457 1808 57 composition composition NN 34457 1808 58 Na_{2}SO_{4},7H_{2}O na_{2}so_{4},7h_{2}o NN 34457 1808 59 , , , 34457 1808 60 separate separate VB 34457 1808 61 out out RP 34457 1808 62 . . . 34457 1809 1 On on IN 34457 1809 2 determining determine VBG 34457 1809 3 the the DT 34457 1809 4 composition composition NN 34457 1809 5 of of IN 34457 1809 6 the the DT 34457 1809 7 solutions solution NNS 34457 1809 8 in in IN 34457 1809 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1809 10 with with IN 34457 1809 11 this this DT 34457 1809 12 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1809 13 at at IN 34457 1809 14 different different JJ 34457 1809 15 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1809 16 , , , 34457 1809 17 the the DT 34457 1809 18 following follow VBG 34457 1809 19 values value NNS 34457 1809 20 were be VBD 34457 1809 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 1809 22 , , , 34457 1809 23 these these DT 34457 1809 24 values value NNS 34457 1809 25 being be VBG 34457 1809 26 represented represent VBN 34457 1809 27 by by IN 34457 1809 28 the the DT 34457 1809 29 curve curve NN 34457 1809 30 FE FE NNP 34457 1809 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1809 32 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1809 33 . . . 34457 1810 1 33):-- 33):-- LS 34457 1810 2 { { -LRB- 34457 1810 3 136 136 CD 34457 1810 4 } } -RRB- 34457 1810 5 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 1810 6 OF of IN 34457 1810 7 Na_{2}SO_{4},7H_{2}O. Na_{2}SO_{4},7H_{2}O. NNP 34457 1811 1 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1811 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1811 3 . . . 34457 1812 1 | | NNP 34457 1812 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1812 3 . . . 34457 1813 1 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34457 1813 2 0 0 NNP 34457 1813 3 ° ° , 34457 1813 4 | | NNP 34457 1813 5 19.62 19.62 CD 34457 1813 6 10 10 NNP 34457 1813 7 ° ° , 34457 1813 8 | | CD 34457 1813 9 30.49 30.49 CD 34457 1813 10 15 15 NNP 34457 1813 11 ° ° , 34457 1813 12 | | CD 34457 1813 13 37.43 37.43 CD 34457 1813 14 18 18 NNP 34457 1813 15 ° ° , 34457 1813 16 | | CD 34457 1813 17 41.63 41.63 CD 34457 1813 18 20 20â CD 34457 1813 19 ° ° , 34457 1813 20 | | CD 34457 1813 21 44.73 44.73 CD 34457 1813 22 25 25â CD 34457 1813 23 ° ° , 34457 1813 24 | | CD 34457 1813 25 52.94 52.94 CD 34457 1813 26 26 26â CD 34457 1813 27 ° ° , 34457 1813 28 | | CD 34457 1813 29 54.97 54.97 CD 34457 1813 30 -------------------------- -------------------------- . 34457 1813 31 Since since IN 34457 1813 32 , , , 34457 1813 33 as as IN 34457 1813 34 has have VBZ 34457 1813 35 already already RB 34457 1813 36 been be VBN 34457 1813 37 stated state VBN 34457 1813 38 , , , 34457 1813 39 each each DT 34457 1813 40 solid solid JJ 34457 1813 41 substance substance NN 34457 1813 42 has have VBZ 34457 1813 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1813 44 own own JJ 34457 1813 45 solubility solubility NN 34457 1813 46 curve curve NN 34457 1813 47 , , , 34457 1813 48 there there EX 34457 1813 49 are be VBP 34457 1813 50 three three CD 34457 1813 51 separate separate JJ 34457 1813 52 curves curve NNS 34457 1813 53 to to TO 34457 1813 54 be be VB 34457 1813 55 considered consider VBN 34457 1813 56 in in IN 34457 1813 57 the the DT 34457 1813 58 case case NN 34457 1813 59 of of IN 34457 1813 60 sodium sodium NN 34457 1813 61 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1813 62 and and CC 34457 1813 63 water water NN 34457 1813 64 . . . 34457 1814 1 Where where WRB 34457 1814 2 two two CD 34457 1814 3 curves curve NNS 34457 1814 4 cut cut VBD 34457 1814 5 , , , 34457 1814 6 the the DT 34457 1814 7 solution solution NN 34457 1814 8 must must MD 34457 1814 9 be be VB 34457 1814 10 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1814 11 with with IN 34457 1814 12 respect respect NN 34457 1814 13 to to IN 34457 1814 14 two two CD 34457 1814 15 solid solid JJ 34457 1814 16 phases phase NNS 34457 1814 17 ; ; : 34457 1814 18 at at IN 34457 1814 19 the the DT 34457 1814 20 point point NN 34457 1814 21 B b NN 34457 1814 22 , , , 34457 1814 23 therefore therefore RB 34457 1814 24 , , , 34457 1814 25 the the DT 34457 1814 26 point point NN 34457 1814 27 of of IN 34457 1814 28 intersection intersection NN 34457 1814 29 of of IN 34457 1814 30 the the DT 34457 1814 31 solubility solubility NN 34457 1814 32 curve curve NN 34457 1814 33 of of IN 34457 1814 34 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1814 35 sodium sodium NN 34457 1814 36 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1814 37 with with IN 34457 1814 38 that that DT 34457 1814 39 of of IN 34457 1814 40 the the DT 34457 1814 41 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1814 42 , , , 34457 1814 43 the the DT 34457 1814 44 solution solution NN 34457 1814 45 must must MD 34457 1814 46 be be VB 34457 1814 47 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1814 48 with with IN 34457 1814 49 respect respect NN 34457 1814 50 to to IN 34457 1814 51 these these DT 34457 1814 52 two two CD 34457 1814 53 solid solid JJ 34457 1814 54 substances substance NNS 34457 1814 55 . . . 34457 1815 1 But but CC 34457 1815 2 a a DT 34457 1815 3 system system NN 34457 1815 4 of of IN 34457 1815 5 two two CD 34457 1815 6 components component NNS 34457 1815 7 existing exist VBG 34457 1815 8 in in IN 34457 1815 9 four four CD 34457 1815 10 phases phase NNS 34457 1815 11 , , , 34457 1815 12 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1815 13 salt salt NN 34457 1815 14 -- -- : 34457 1815 15 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1815 16 salt salt NN 34457 1815 17 -- -- : 34457 1815 18 solution solution NN 34457 1815 19 -- -- : 34457 1815 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 1815 21 , , , 34457 1815 22 is be VBZ 34457 1815 23 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1815 24 ; ; : 34457 1815 25 and and CC 34457 1815 26 this this DT 34457 1815 27 invariability invariability NN 34457 1815 28 will will MD 34457 1815 29 remain remain VB 34457 1815 30 even even RB 34457 1815 31 if if IN 34457 1815 32 only only RB 34457 1815 33 three three CD 34457 1815 34 phases phase NNS 34457 1815 35 are be VBP 34457 1815 36 present present JJ 34457 1815 37 , , , 34457 1815 38 provided provide VBN 34457 1815 39 that that IN 34457 1815 40 one one CD 34457 1815 41 of of IN 34457 1815 42 the the DT 34457 1815 43 factors factor NNS 34457 1815 44 , , , 34457 1815 45 pressure pressure NN 34457 1815 46 , , , 34457 1815 47 temperature temperature NN 34457 1815 48 , , , 34457 1815 49 or or CC 34457 1815 50 concentration concentration NN 34457 1815 51 of of IN 34457 1815 52 components component NNS 34457 1815 53 retains retain VBZ 34457 1815 54 a a DT 34457 1815 55 constant constant JJ 34457 1815 56 value value NN 34457 1815 57 . . . 34457 1816 1 This this DT 34457 1816 2 is be VBZ 34457 1816 3 the the DT 34457 1816 4 case case NN 34457 1816 5 when when WRB 34457 1816 6 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 1816 7 are be VBP 34457 1816 8 determined determine VBN 34457 1816 9 in in IN 34457 1816 10 open open JJ 34457 1816 11 vessels vessel NNS 34457 1816 12 ; ; : 34457 1816 13 the the DT 34457 1816 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 1816 15 is be VBZ 34457 1816 16 then then RB 34457 1816 17 equal equal JJ 34457 1816 18 to to IN 34457 1816 19 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 1816 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1816 21 . . . 34457 1817 1 Under under IN 34457 1817 2 these these DT 34457 1817 3 circumstances circumstance NNS 34457 1817 4 , , , 34457 1817 5 then then RB 34457 1817 6 , , , 34457 1817 7 the the DT 34457 1817 8 system system NN 34457 1817 9 , , , 34457 1817 10 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1817 11 sodium sodium NN 34457 1817 12 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1817 13 -- -- : 34457 1817 14 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1817 15 -- -- : 34457 1817 16 solution solution NN 34457 1817 17 , , , 34457 1817 18 will will MD 34457 1817 19 possess possess VB 34457 1817 20 no no DT 34457 1817 21 degree degree NN 34457 1817 22 of of IN 34457 1817 23 freedom freedom NN 34457 1817 24 , , , 34457 1817 25 and and CC 34457 1817 26 can can MD 34457 1817 27 exist exist VB 34457 1817 28 , , , 34457 1817 29 therefore therefore RB 34457 1817 30 , , , 34457 1817 31 only only RB 34457 1817 32 at at IN 34457 1817 33 one one CD 34457 1817 34 definite definite JJ 34457 1817 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 1817 36 and and CC 34457 1817 37 when when WRB 34457 1817 38 the the DT 34457 1817 39 solution solution NN 34457 1817 40 has have VBZ 34457 1817 41 a a DT 34457 1817 42 certain certain JJ 34457 1817 43 definite definite JJ 34457 1817 44 composition composition NN 34457 1817 45 . . . 34457 1818 1 The the DT 34457 1818 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1818 3 of of IN 34457 1818 4 this this DT 34457 1818 5 point point NN 34457 1818 6 is be VBZ 34457 1818 7 32.482 32.482â CD 34457 1818 8 ° ° NNS 34457 1818 9 on on IN 34457 1818 10 a a DT 34457 1818 11 mercury mercury NN 34457 1818 12 thermometer thermometer NN 34457 1818 13 , , , 34457 1818 14 or or CC 34457 1818 15 32.379 32.379â CD 34457 1818 16 ° ° NNS 34457 1818 17 on on IN 34457 1818 18 the the DT 34457 1818 19 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 1818 20 thermometer thermometer NN 34457 1818 21 . . . 34457 1819 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1819 2 211 211 CD 34457 1819 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1819 4 { { -LRB- 34457 1819 5 137 137 CD 34457 1819 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1819 7 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 1819 8 Transformation.--Although transformation.--although CC 34457 1819 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1819 10 is be VBZ 34457 1819 11 possible possible JJ 34457 1819 12 for for IN 34457 1819 13 the the DT 34457 1819 14 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1819 15 salt salt NN 34457 1819 16 to to TO 34457 1819 17 make make VB 34457 1819 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1819 19 appearance appearance NN 34457 1819 20 at at IN 34457 1819 21 the the DT 34457 1819 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1819 23 of of IN 34457 1819 24 the the DT 34457 1819 25 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1819 26 point point NN 34457 1819 27 , , , 34457 1819 28 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1819 29 will will MD 34457 1819 30 not not RB 34457 1819 31 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 1819 32 do do VB 34457 1819 33 so so RB 34457 1819 34 ; ; : 34457 1819 35 and and CC 34457 1819 36 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1819 37 is be VBZ 34457 1819 38 therefore therefore RB 34457 1819 39 possible possible JJ 34457 1819 40 to to TO 34457 1819 41 follow follow VB 34457 1819 42 the the DT 34457 1819 43 solubility solubility NN 34457 1819 44 curve curve NN 34457 1819 45 of of IN 34457 1819 46 sodium sodium NN 34457 1819 47 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1819 48 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1819 49 to to IN 34457 1819 50 a a DT 34457 1819 51 higher high JJR 34457 1819 52 temperature temperature NN 34457 1819 53 . . . 34457 1820 1 Since since IN 34457 1820 2 , , , 34457 1820 3 however however RB 34457 1820 4 , , , 34457 1820 5 the the DT 34457 1820 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1820 7 of of IN 34457 1820 8 the the DT 34457 1820 9 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1820 10 at at IN 34457 1820 11 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1820 12 above above IN 34457 1820 13 the the DT 34457 1820 14 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1820 15 point point NN 34457 1820 16 is be VBZ 34457 1820 17 greater great JJR 34457 1820 18 than than IN 34457 1820 19 that that DT 34457 1820 20 of of IN 34457 1820 21 the the DT 34457 1820 22 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1820 23 salt salt NN 34457 1820 24 , , , 34457 1820 25 the the DT 34457 1820 26 solution solution NN 34457 1820 27 which which WDT 34457 1820 28 is be VBZ 34457 1820 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1820 30 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1820 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1820 32 with with IN 34457 1820 33 respect respect NN 34457 1820 34 to to IN 34457 1820 35 the the DT 34457 1820 36 former former JJ 34457 1820 37 will will MD 34457 1820 38 be be VB 34457 1820 39 _ _ NNP 34457 1820 40 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1820 41 _ _ NNP 34457 1820 42 with with IN 34457 1820 43 respect respect NN 34457 1820 44 to to IN 34457 1820 45 the the DT 34457 1820 46 latter latter JJ 34457 1820 47 . . . 34457 1821 1 On on IN 34457 1821 2 bringing bring VBG 34457 1821 3 a a DT 34457 1821 4 small small JJ 34457 1821 5 quantity quantity NN 34457 1821 6 of of IN 34457 1821 7 the the DT 34457 1821 8 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1821 9 salt salt NN 34457 1821 10 in in IN 34457 1821 11 contact contact NN 34457 1821 12 with with IN 34457 1821 13 the the DT 34457 1821 14 solution solution NN 34457 1821 15 , , , 34457 1821 16 therefore therefore RB 34457 1821 17 , , , 34457 1821 18 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1821 19 salt salt NN 34457 1821 20 will will MD 34457 1821 21 be be VB 34457 1821 22 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1821 23 ; ; : 34457 1821 24 and and CC 34457 1821 25 all all PDT 34457 1821 26 the the DT 34457 1821 27 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1821 28 salt salt NN 34457 1821 29 present present NN 34457 1821 30 will will MD 34457 1821 31 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 1821 32 undergo undergo VB 34457 1821 33 conversion conversion NN 34457 1821 34 into into IN 34457 1821 35 the the DT 34457 1821 36 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1821 37 salt salt NN 34457 1821 38 , , , 34457 1821 39 through through IN 34457 1821 40 the the DT 34457 1821 41 medium medium NN 34457 1821 42 of of IN 34457 1821 43 the the DT 34457 1821 44 solution solution NN 34457 1821 45 . . . 34457 1822 1 In in IN 34457 1822 2 this this DT 34457 1822 3 case case NN 34457 1822 4 , , , 34457 1822 5 as as IN 34457 1822 6 in in IN 34457 1822 7 all all DT 34457 1822 8 cases case NNS 34457 1822 9 , , , 34457 1822 10 the the DT 34457 1822 11 solid solid JJ 34457 1822 12 phase phase NN 34457 1822 13 , , , 34457 1822 14 which which WDT 34457 1822 15 is be VBZ 34457 1822 16 the the DT 34457 1822 17 most most RBS 34457 1822 18 stable stable JJ 34457 1822 19 at at IN 34457 1822 20 the the DT 34457 1822 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1822 22 of of IN 34457 1822 23 the the DT 34457 1822 24 experiment experiment NN 34457 1822 25 , , , 34457 1822 26 has have VBZ 34457 1822 27 at at IN 34457 1822 28 that that DT 34457 1822 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1822 30 the the DT 34457 1822 31 least least JJS 34457 1822 32 solubility solubility NN 34457 1822 33 . . . 34457 1823 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 1823 2 , , , 34457 1823 3 the the DT 34457 1823 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 1823 5 curve curve NN 34457 1823 6 of of IN 34457 1823 7 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1823 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 1823 9 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1823 10 has have VBZ 34457 1823 11 been be VBN 34457 1823 12 followed follow VBN 34457 1823 13 to to IN 34457 1823 14 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1823 15 below below IN 34457 1823 16 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 1823 17 ° ° NNS 34457 1823 18 . . . 34457 1824 1 Below below IN 34457 1824 2 this this DT 34457 1824 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1824 4 , , , 34457 1824 5 however however RB 34457 1824 6 , , , 34457 1824 7 the the DT 34457 1824 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 1824 9 of of IN 34457 1824 10 this this DT 34457 1824 11 salt salt NN 34457 1824 12 is be VBZ 34457 1824 13 greater great JJR 34457 1824 14 than than IN 34457 1824 15 that that DT 34457 1824 16 of of IN 34457 1824 17 the the DT 34457 1824 18 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1824 19 , , , 34457 1824 20 and and CC 34457 1824 21 the the DT 34457 1824 22 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1824 23 solution solution NN 34457 1824 24 of of IN 34457 1824 25 the the DT 34457 1824 26 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1824 27 salt salt NN 34457 1824 28 will will MD 34457 1824 29 therefore therefore RB 34457 1824 30 be be VB 34457 1824 31 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 1824 32 for for IN 34457 1824 33 the the DT 34457 1824 34 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1824 35 , , , 34457 1824 36 and and CC 34457 1824 37 will will MD 34457 1824 38 deposit deposit VB 34457 1824 39 this this DT 34457 1824 40 salt salt NN 34457 1824 41 if if IN 34457 1824 42 a a DT 34457 1824 43 " " `` 34457 1824 44 nucleus nucleus NN 34457 1824 45 " " '' 34457 1824 46 is be VBZ 34457 1824 47 added add VBN 34457 1824 48 to to IN 34457 1824 49 the the DT 34457 1824 50 solution solution NN 34457 1824 51 . . . 34457 1825 1 From from IN 34457 1825 2 this this DT 34457 1825 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1825 4 see see VBP 34457 1825 5 that that IN 34457 1825 6 at at IN 34457 1825 7 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1825 8 above above IN 34457 1825 9 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 1825 10 ° ° , 34457 1825 11 the the DT 34457 1825 12 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1825 13 salt salt NN 34457 1825 14 is be VBZ 34457 1825 15 the the DT 34457 1825 16 stable stable JJ 34457 1825 17 form form NN 34457 1825 18 , , , 34457 1825 19 while while IN 34457 1825 20 the the DT 34457 1825 21 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1825 22 is be VBZ 34457 1825 23 unstable unstable JJ 34457 1825 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1825 25 or or CC 34457 1825 26 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1825 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1825 28 ; ; : 34457 1825 29 at at IN 34457 1825 30 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1825 31 below below IN 34457 1825 32 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 1825 33 ° ° , 34457 1825 34 the the DT 34457 1825 35 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1825 36 is be VBZ 34457 1825 37 stable stable JJ 34457 1825 38 . . . 34457 1826 1 This this DT 34457 1826 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1826 3 , , , 34457 1826 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1826 5 , , , 34457 1826 6 is be VBZ 34457 1826 7 the the DT 34457 1826 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1826 9 transition transition NN 34457 1826 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1826 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1826 12 for for IN 34457 1826 13 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1826 14 and and CC 34457 1826 15 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1826 16 salt salt NN 34457 1826 17 . . . 34457 1827 1 From from IN 34457 1827 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1827 3 . . . 34457 1828 1 33 33 CD 34457 1828 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1828 3 see see VBP 34457 1828 4 further further RB 34457 1828 5 that that IN 34457 1828 6 the the DT 34457 1828 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 1828 8 curve curve NN 34457 1828 9 of of IN 34457 1828 10 the the DT 34457 1828 11 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1828 12 salt salt NN 34457 1828 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1828 14 which which WDT 34457 1828 15 at at IN 34457 1828 16 all all DT 34457 1828 17 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1828 18 below below IN 34457 1828 19 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 1828 20 ° ° NN 34457 1828 21 is be VBZ 34457 1828 22 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1828 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1828 24 is be VBZ 34457 1828 25 cut cut VBN 34457 1828 26 by by IN 34457 1828 27 the the DT 34457 1828 28 solubility solubility NN 34457 1828 29 curve curve NN 34457 1828 30 of of IN 34457 1828 31 the the DT 34457 1828 32 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 1828 33 ; ; : 34457 1828 34 and and CC 34457 1828 35 this this DT 34457 1828 36 point point NN 34457 1828 37 of of IN 34457 1828 38 intersection intersection NN 34457 1828 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1828 40 at at IN 34457 1828 41 a a DT 34457 1828 42 temperature temperature NN 34457 1828 43 of of IN 34457 1828 44 24.2 24.2â CD 34457 1828 45 ° ° NNS 34457 1828 46 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1828 47 must must MD 34457 1828 48 be be VB 34457 1828 49 the the DT 34457 1828 50 _ _ NNP 34457 1828 51 transition transition NN 34457 1828 52 point point NN 34457 1828 53 _ _ NNP 34457 1828 54 for for IN 34457 1828 55 heptahydrate heptahydrate JJ 34457 1828 56 and and CC 34457 1828 57 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1828 58 salt salt NN 34457 1828 59 . . . 34457 1829 1 Since since IN 34457 1829 2 at at IN 34457 1829 3 all all DT 34457 1829 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1829 5 the the DT 34457 1829 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1829 7 of of IN 34457 1829 8 the the DT 34457 1829 9 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 1829 10 is be VBZ 34457 1829 11 greater great JJR 34457 1829 12 than than IN 34457 1829 13 that that DT 34457 1829 14 of of IN 34457 1829 15 the the DT 34457 1829 16 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1829 17 , , , 34457 1829 18 the the DT 34457 1829 19 former former JJ 34457 1829 20 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1829 21 must must MD 34457 1829 22 be be VB 34457 1829 23 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1829 24 with with IN 34457 1829 25 respect respect NN 34457 1829 26 to to IN 34457 1829 27 the the DT 34457 1829 28 latter latter JJ 34457 1829 29 ; ; : 34457 1829 30 so so IN 34457 1829 31 that that IN 34457 1829 32 throughout throughout IN 34457 1829 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1829 34 whole whole JJ 34457 1829 35 course course NN 34457 1829 36 the the DT 34457 1829 37 solubility solubility NN 34457 1829 38 curve curve NN 34457 1829 39 of of IN 34457 1829 40 the the DT 34457 1829 41 heptahydrate heptahydrate JJ 34457 1829 42 { { -LRB- 34457 1829 43 138 138 CD 34457 1829 44 } } -RRB- 34457 1829 45 represents represent VBZ 34457 1829 46 only only JJ 34457 1829 47 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1829 48 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1829 49 . . . 34457 1830 1 Sodium sodium NN 34457 1830 2 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1830 3 , , , 34457 1830 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1830 5 , , , 34457 1830 6 forms form NNS 34457 1830 7 only only RB 34457 1830 8 one one CD 34457 1830 9 stable stable JJ 34457 1830 10 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1830 11 , , , 34457 1830 12 the the DT 34457 1830 13 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1830 14 . . . 34457 1831 1 The the DT 34457 1831 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1831 3 relations relation NNS 34457 1831 4 of of IN 34457 1831 5 sodium sodium NN 34457 1831 6 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1831 7 illustrate illustrate NN 34457 1831 8 very very RB 34457 1831 9 clearly clearly RB 34457 1831 10 the the DT 34457 1831 11 importance importance NN 34457 1831 12 of of IN 34457 1831 13 the the DT 34457 1831 14 solid solid JJ 34457 1831 15 phase phase NN 34457 1831 16 for for IN 34457 1831 17 the the DT 34457 1831 18 definition definition NN 34457 1831 19 of of IN 34457 1831 20 saturation saturation NN 34457 1831 21 and and CC 34457 1831 22 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 1831 23 . . . 34457 1832 1 Since since IN 34457 1832 2 the the DT 34457 1832 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 1832 4 curve curve NN 34457 1832 5 of of IN 34457 1832 6 the the DT 34457 1832 7 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1832 8 salt salt NN 34457 1832 9 has have VBZ 34457 1832 10 been be VBN 34457 1832 11 followed follow VBN 34457 1832 12 backwards backwards RB 34457 1832 13 to to IN 34457 1832 14 a a DT 34457 1832 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 1832 16 of of IN 34457 1832 17 about about IN 34457 1832 18 18 18 NNP 34457 1832 19 ° ° NNS 34457 1832 20 , , , 34457 1832 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1832 22 is be VBZ 34457 1832 23 readily readily RB 34457 1832 24 seen see VBN 34457 1832 25 , , , 34457 1832 26 from from IN 34457 1832 27 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1832 28 . . . 34457 1833 1 33 33 CD 34457 1833 2 , , , 34457 1833 3 that that IN 34457 1833 4 at at IN 34457 1833 5 a a DT 34457 1833 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 1833 7 of of IN 34457 1833 8 , , , 34457 1833 9 say say UH 34457 1833 10 , , , 34457 1833 11 20 20â CD 34457 1833 12 ° ° , 34457 1833 13 three three CD 34457 1833 14 different different JJ 34457 1833 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1833 16 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1833 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1833 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 1833 19 of of IN 34457 1833 20 sodium sodium NN 34457 1833 21 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1833 22 are be VBP 34457 1833 23 possible possible JJ 34457 1833 24 , , , 34457 1833 25 according accord VBG 34457 1833 26 as as IN 34457 1833 27 the the DT 34457 1833 28 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1833 29 salt salt NN 34457 1833 30 , , , 34457 1833 31 the the DT 34457 1833 32 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 1833 33 or or CC 34457 1833 34 the the DT 34457 1833 35 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1833 36 , , , 34457 1833 37 is be VBZ 34457 1833 38 present present JJ 34457 1833 39 as as IN 34457 1833 40 the the DT 34457 1833 41 solid solid JJ 34457 1833 42 phase phase NN 34457 1833 43 . . . 34457 1834 1 Two two CD 34457 1834 2 of of IN 34457 1834 3 these these DT 34457 1834 4 solutions solution NNS 34457 1834 5 , , , 34457 1834 6 however however RB 34457 1834 7 , , , 34457 1834 8 would would MD 34457 1834 9 be be VB 34457 1834 10 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1834 11 and and CC 34457 1834 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1834 13 supersaturated supersaturate VBD 34457 1834 14 with with IN 34457 1834 15 respect respect NN 34457 1834 16 to to IN 34457 1834 17 the the DT 34457 1834 18 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1834 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1834 20 . . . 34457 1835 1 Further further RB 34457 1835 2 , , , 34457 1835 3 the the DT 34457 1835 4 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1835 5 of of IN 34457 1835 6 sodium sodium NN 34457 1835 7 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1835 8 and and CC 34457 1835 9 water water NN 34457 1835 10 furnishes furnishe NNS 34457 1835 11 a a DT 34457 1835 12 very very RB 34457 1835 13 good good JJ 34457 1835 14 example example NN 34457 1835 15 of of IN 34457 1835 16 the the DT 34457 1835 17 fact fact NN 34457 1835 18 that that IN 34457 1835 19 a a DT 34457 1835 20 " " `` 34457 1835 21 break break NN 34457 1835 22 " " '' 34457 1835 23 in in IN 34457 1835 24 the the DT 34457 1835 25 solubility solubility NN 34457 1835 26 curve curve NN 34457 1835 27 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1835 28 when when WRB 34457 1835 29 , , , 34457 1835 30 and and CC 34457 1835 31 only only RB 34457 1835 32 when when WRB 34457 1835 33 , , , 34457 1835 34 the the DT 34457 1835 35 solid solid JJ 34457 1835 36 phase phase NN 34457 1835 37 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 1835 38 change change NN 34457 1835 39 . . . 34457 1836 1 So so RB 34457 1836 2 long long RB 34457 1836 3 as as IN 34457 1836 4 the the DT 34457 1836 5 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1836 6 , , , 34457 1836 7 for for IN 34457 1836 8 example example NN 34457 1836 9 , , , 34457 1836 10 remained remain VBD 34457 1836 11 unaltered unaltered JJ 34457 1836 12 in in IN 34457 1836 13 contact contact NN 34457 1836 14 with with IN 34457 1836 15 the the DT 34457 1836 16 solution solution NN 34457 1836 17 , , , 34457 1836 18 the the DT 34457 1836 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 1836 20 curve curve NN 34457 1836 21 was be VBD 34457 1836 22 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1836 23 ; ; : 34457 1836 24 but but CC 34457 1836 25 when when WRB 34457 1836 26 the the DT 34457 1836 27 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1836 28 salt salt NN 34457 1836 29 appeared appear VBD 34457 1836 30 in in IN 34457 1836 31 the the DT 34457 1836 32 solid solid JJ 34457 1836 33 phase phase NN 34457 1836 34 , , , 34457 1836 35 a a DT 34457 1836 36 distinct distinct JJ 34457 1836 37 change change NN 34457 1836 38 in in IN 34457 1836 39 the the DT 34457 1836 40 direction direction NN 34457 1836 41 of of IN 34457 1836 42 the the DT 34457 1836 43 solubility solubility NN 34457 1836 44 curve curve NN 34457 1836 45 was be VBD 34457 1836 46 observed observe VBN 34457 1836 47 . . . 34457 1837 1 Dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1837 2 by by IN 34457 1837 3 Means mean NNS 34457 1837 4 of of IN 34457 1837 5 Anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1837 6 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 1837 7 Sulphate.--The Sulphate.--The NNP 34457 1837 8 change change NN 34457 1837 9 in in IN 34457 1837 10 the the DT 34457 1837 11 relative relative JJ 34457 1837 12 stability stability NN 34457 1837 13 of of IN 34457 1837 14 sodium sodium NN 34457 1837 15 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1837 16 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1837 17 and and CC 34457 1837 18 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1837 19 salt salt NN 34457 1837 20 in in IN 34457 1837 21 presence presence NN 34457 1837 22 of of IN 34457 1837 23 water water NN 34457 1837 24 at at IN 34457 1837 25 a a DT 34457 1837 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 1837 27 of of IN 34457 1837 28 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 1837 29 ° ° NNS 34457 1837 30 explains explain VBZ 34457 1837 31 why why WRB 34457 1837 32 the the DT 34457 1837 33 latter latter JJ 34457 1837 34 salt salt NN 34457 1837 35 can can MD 34457 1837 36 not not RB 34457 1837 37 be be VB 34457 1837 38 employed employ VBN 34457 1837 39 for for IN 34457 1837 40 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1837 41 purposes purpose NNS 34457 1837 42 at at IN 34457 1837 43 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1837 44 above above IN 34457 1837 45 the the DT 34457 1837 46 transition transition NN 34457 1837 47 point point NN 34457 1837 48 . . . 34457 1838 1 The the DT 34457 1838 2 dehydrating dehydrate VBG 34457 1838 3 action action NN 34457 1838 4 of of IN 34457 1838 5 the the DT 34457 1838 6 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1838 7 salt salt NN 34457 1838 8 depends depend VBZ 34457 1838 9 on on IN 34457 1838 10 the the DT 34457 1838 11 formation formation NN 34457 1838 12 of of IN 34457 1838 13 the the DT 34457 1838 14 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1838 15 ; ; : 34457 1838 16 but but CC 34457 1838 17 since since IN 34457 1838 18 at at IN 34457 1838 19 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1838 20 above above IN 34457 1838 21 33 33 NNP 34457 1838 22 ° ° , 34457 1838 23 the the DT 34457 1838 24 latter latter JJ 34457 1838 25 is be VBZ 34457 1838 26 unstable unstable JJ 34457 1838 27 , , , 34457 1838 28 and and CC 34457 1838 29 can can MD 34457 1838 30 not not RB 34457 1838 31 be be VB 34457 1838 32 formed form VBN 34457 1838 33 in in IN 34457 1838 34 presence presence NN 34457 1838 35 of of IN 34457 1838 36 the the DT 34457 1838 37 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1838 38 salt salt NN 34457 1838 39 , , , 34457 1838 40 this this DT 34457 1838 41 salt salt NN 34457 1838 42 can can MD 34457 1838 43 not not RB 34457 1838 44 , , , 34457 1838 45 of of IN 34457 1838 46 course course NN 34457 1838 47 , , , 34457 1838 48 effect effect VB 34457 1838 49 a a DT 34457 1838 50 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 1838 51 above above IN 34457 1838 52 that that DT 34457 1838 53 temperature temperature NN 34457 1838 54 . . . 34457 1839 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1839 2 - - HYPH 34457 1839 3 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1839 4 Diagram.--The diagram.--the DT 34457 1839 5 consideration consideration NN 34457 1839 6 of of IN 34457 1839 7 the the DT 34457 1839 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 1839 9 - - HYPH 34457 1839 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1839 11 relations relation NNS 34457 1839 12 of of IN 34457 1839 13 the the DT 34457 1839 14 two two CD 34457 1839 15 components component NNS 34457 1839 16 , , , 34457 1839 17 sodium sodium NN 34457 1839 18 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1839 19 and and CC 34457 1839 20 water water NN 34457 1839 21 , , , 34457 1839 22 must must MD 34457 1839 23 include include VB 34457 1839 24 not not RB 34457 1839 25 only only RB 34457 1839 26 the the DT 34457 1839 27 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1839 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 1839 29 of of IN 34457 1839 30 the the DT 34457 1839 31 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1839 32 solutions solution NNS 34457 1839 33 , , , 34457 1839 34 but but CC 34457 1839 35 also also RB 34457 1839 36 that that DT 34457 1839 37 of of IN 34457 1839 38 the the DT 34457 1839 39 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1839 40 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1839 41 . . . 34457 1840 1 The the DT 34457 1840 2 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1840 3 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1840 4 of of IN 34457 1840 5 salt salt NN 34457 1840 6 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1840 7 have have VBP 34457 1840 8 already already RB 34457 1840 9 been be VBN 34457 1840 10 treated treat VBN 34457 1840 11 in in IN 34457 1840 12 a a DT 34457 1840 13 general general JJ 34457 1840 14 manner manner NN 34457 1840 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1840 16 Chap Chap NNP 34457 1840 17 . . . 34457 1841 1 V. V. NNP 34457 1841 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1841 3 , , , 34457 1841 4 so so IN 34457 1841 5 that that IN 34457 1841 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1841 7 is be VBZ 34457 1841 8 only only RB 34457 1841 9 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1841 10 here here RB 34457 1841 11 to to TO 34457 1841 12 point point VB 34457 1841 13 out out RP 34457 1841 14 the the DT 34457 1841 15 connection connection NN 34457 1841 16 between between IN 34457 1841 17 the the DT 34457 1841 18 two two CD 34457 1841 19 classes class NNS 34457 1841 20 of of IN 34457 1841 21 systems system NNS 34457 1841 22 . . . 34457 1842 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1842 2 139 139 CD 34457 1842 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1842 4 In in IN 34457 1842 5 most most JJS 34457 1842 6 cases case NNS 34457 1842 7 the the DT 34457 1842 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1842 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1842 10 of of IN 34457 1842 11 a a DT 34457 1842 12 salt salt NN 34457 1842 13 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1842 14 , , , 34457 1842 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1842 16 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1842 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1842 18 the the DT 34457 1842 19 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1842 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 1842 21 of of IN 34457 1842 22 the the DT 34457 1842 23 system system NN 34457 1842 24 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1842 25 -- -- : 34457 1842 26 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1842 27 salt salt NN 34457 1842 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1842 29 or or CC 34457 1842 30 lower low JJR 34457 1842 31 hydrate)--vapour hydrate)--vapour NNP 34457 1842 32 , , , 34457 1842 33 is be VBZ 34457 1842 34 at at IN 34457 1842 35 all all DT 34457 1842 36 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1842 37 lower low JJR 34457 1842 38 than than IN 34457 1842 39 that that DT 34457 1842 40 of of IN 34457 1842 41 the the DT 34457 1842 42 system system NN 34457 1842 43 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1842 44 salt salt NN 34457 1842 45 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1842 46 or or CC 34457 1842 47 lower low JJR 34457 1842 48 hydrate)--solution hydrate)--solution NNP 34457 1842 49 -- -- : 34457 1842 50 vapour vapour RB 34457 1842 51 . . . 34457 1843 1 This this DT 34457 1843 2 , , , 34457 1843 3 however however RB 34457 1843 4 , , , 34457 1843 5 is be VBZ 34457 1843 6 not not RB 34457 1843 7 a a DT 34457 1843 8 necessity necessity NN 34457 1843 9 ; ; : 34457 1843 10 and and CC 34457 1843 11 cases case NNS 34457 1843 12 are be VBP 34457 1843 13 known know VBN 34457 1843 14 where where WRB 34457 1843 15 the the DT 34457 1843 16 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1843 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1843 18 of of IN 34457 1843 19 the the DT 34457 1843 20 former former JJ 34457 1843 21 system system NN 34457 1843 22 is be VBZ 34457 1843 23 , , , 34457 1843 24 under under IN 34457 1843 25 certain certain JJ 34457 1843 26 circumstances circumstance NNS 34457 1843 27 , , , 34457 1843 28 equal equal JJ 34457 1843 29 to to IN 34457 1843 30 or or CC 34457 1843 31 higher high JJR 34457 1843 32 than than IN 34457 1843 33 that that DT 34457 1843 34 of of IN 34457 1843 35 the the DT 34457 1843 36 latter latter JJ 34457 1843 37 . . . 34457 1844 1 An an DT 34457 1844 2 example example NN 34457 1844 3 of of IN 34457 1844 4 this this DT 34457 1844 5 is be VBZ 34457 1844 6 found find VBN 34457 1844 7 in in IN 34457 1844 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 1844 9 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1844 10 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1844 11 . . . 34457 1845 1 On on IN 34457 1845 2 heating heat VBG 34457 1845 3 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 1845 4 , , , 34457 1845 5 a a DT 34457 1845 6 point point NN 34457 1845 7 is be VBZ 34457 1845 8 reached reach VBN 34457 1845 9 at at IN 34457 1845 10 which which WDT 34457 1845 11 the the DT 34457 1845 12 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1845 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1845 14 into into IN 34457 1845 15 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1845 16 salt salt NN 34457 1845 17 and and CC 34457 1845 18 water water NN 34457 1845 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 1845 20 becomes become VBZ 34457 1845 21 equal equal JJ 34457 1845 22 to to IN 34457 1845 23 the the DT 34457 1845 24 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1845 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 1845 26 of of IN 34457 1845 27 the the DT 34457 1845 28 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1845 29 solution solution NN 34457 1845 30 of of IN 34457 1845 31 the the DT 34457 1845 32 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1845 33 salt salt NN 34457 1845 34 , , , 34457 1845 35 as as IN 34457 1845 36 is be VBZ 34457 1845 37 apparent apparent JJ 34457 1845 38 from from IN 34457 1845 39 the the DT 34457 1845 40 following follow VBG 34457 1845 41 measurements;[212 measurements;[212 CD 34457 1845 42 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1845 43 the the DT 34457 1845 44 differences difference NNS 34457 1845 45 in in IN 34457 1845 46 pressure pressure NN 34457 1845 47 being be VBG 34457 1845 48 expressed express VBN 34457 1845 49 in in IN 34457 1845 50 millimetres millimetre NNS 34457 1845 51 of of IN 34457 1845 52 a a DT 34457 1845 53 particular particular JJ 34457 1845 54 oil oil NN 34457 1845 55 . . . 34457 1846 1 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1846 2 : : : 34457 1846 3 29.0 29.0â CD 34457 1846 4 ° ° , 34457 1846 5 30.83 30.83â CD 34457 1846 6 ° ° , 34457 1846 7 31.79 31.79â CD 34457 1846 8 ° ° , 34457 1846 9 32.09 32.09â CD 34457 1846 10 ° ° , 34457 1846 11 32.35 32.35â CD 34457 1846 12 ° ° , 34457 1846 13 32.6 32.6â CD 34457 1846 14 ° ° NNS 34457 1846 15 Difference Difference NNP 34457 1846 16 of of IN 34457 1846 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 1846 18 : : : 34457 1846 19 23.8 23.8 CD 34457 1846 20 10.8 10.8 CD 34457 1846 21 5.6 5.6 CD 34457 1846 22 3.6 3.6 CD 34457 1846 23 1.6 1.6 CD 34457 1846 24 0 0 CD 34457 1846 25 At at IN 34457 1846 26 32.6 32.6â CD 34457 1846 27 ° ° NNS 34457 1846 28 , , , 34457 1846 29 therefore therefore RB 34457 1846 30 , , , 34457 1846 31 the the DT 34457 1846 32 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1846 33 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1846 34 of of IN 34457 1846 35 the the DT 34457 1846 36 two two CD 34457 1846 37 systems system NNS 34457 1846 38 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 1846 39 -- -- : 34457 1846 40 Na_{2}SO_{4}--vapour Na_{2}SO_{4}--vapour NNP 34457 1846 41 Na_{2}SO_{4}--solution na_{2}so_{4}--solution NN 34457 1846 42 -- -- : 34457 1846 43 vapour vapour RB 34457 1846 44 are be VBP 34457 1846 45 equal equal JJ 34457 1846 46 ; ; : 34457 1846 47 at at IN 34457 1846 48 this this DT 34457 1846 49 temperature temperature NN 34457 1846 50 the the DT 34457 1846 51 four four CD 34457 1846 52 phases phase NNS 34457 1846 53 , , , 34457 1846 54 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 1846 55 ; ; : 34457 1846 56 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 1846 57 } } -RRB- 34457 1846 58 ; ; : 34457 1846 59 solution solution NN 34457 1846 60 ; ; : 34457 1846 61 vapour vapour NN 34457 1846 62 , , , 34457 1846 63 can can MD 34457 1846 64 coexist coexist VB 34457 1846 65 . . . 34457 1847 1 From from IN 34457 1847 2 this this DT 34457 1847 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1847 4 is be VBZ 34457 1847 5 evident evident JJ 34457 1847 6 that that IN 34457 1847 7 when when WRB 34457 1847 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 1847 9 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1847 10 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1847 11 is be VBZ 34457 1847 12 heated heat VBN 34457 1847 13 to to IN 34457 1847 14 32.6 32.6â CD 34457 1847 15 ° ° NNS 34457 1847 16 , , , 34457 1847 17 the the DT 34457 1847 18 two two CD 34457 1847 19 new new JJ 34457 1847 20 phases phase NNS 34457 1847 21 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1847 22 salt salt NN 34457 1847 23 and and CC 34457 1847 24 solution solution NN 34457 1847 25 will will MD 34457 1847 26 be be VB 34457 1847 27 formed form VBN 34457 1847 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1847 29 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1847 30 transformation transformation NN 34457 1847 31 being be VBG 34457 1847 32 supposed suppose VBN 34457 1847 33 excluded excluded JJ 34457 1847 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1847 35 , , , 34457 1847 36 and and CC 34457 1847 37 the the DT 34457 1847 38 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1847 39 will will MD 34457 1847 40 appear appear VB 34457 1847 41 to to TO 34457 1847 42 undergo undergo VB 34457 1847 43 _ _ NNP 34457 1847 44 partial partial JJ 34457 1847 45 fusion fusion NN 34457 1847 46 _ _ NNP 34457 1847 47 ; ; : 34457 1847 48 and and CC 34457 1847 49 during during IN 34457 1847 50 the the DT 34457 1847 51 process process NN 34457 1847 52 of of IN 34457 1847 53 " " `` 34457 1847 54 melting melt VBG 34457 1847 55 " " '' 34457 1847 56 the the DT 34457 1847 57 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1847 58 pressure pressure NN 34457 1847 59 and and CC 34457 1847 60 temperature temperature NN 34457 1847 61 will will MD 34457 1847 62 remain remain VB 34457 1847 63 constant constant JJ 34457 1847 64 . . . 34457 1848 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1848 2 213 213 CD 34457 1848 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1848 4 This this DT 34457 1848 5 is be VBZ 34457 1848 6 , , , 34457 1848 7 however however RB 34457 1848 8 , , , 34457 1848 9 not not RB 34457 1848 10 a a DT 34457 1848 11 true true JJ 34457 1848 12 but but CC 34457 1848 13 a a DT 34457 1848 14 so so RB 34457 1848 15 - - HYPH 34457 1848 16 called call VBN 34457 1848 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1848 18 incongruent incongruent NN 34457 1848 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1848 20 melting melting NN 34457 1848 21 point point NN 34457 1848 22 ; ; : 34457 1848 23 for for IN 34457 1848 24 the the DT 34457 1848 25 composition composition NN 34457 1848 26 of of IN 34457 1848 27 the the DT 34457 1848 28 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1848 29 phase phase NN 34457 1848 30 is be VBZ 34457 1848 31 not not RB 34457 1848 32 the the DT 34457 1848 33 same same JJ 34457 1848 34 as as IN 34457 1848 35 that that DT 34457 1848 36 of of IN 34457 1848 37 the the DT 34457 1848 38 solid solid JJ 34457 1848 39 . . . 34457 1849 1 As as IN 34457 1849 2 has have VBZ 34457 1849 3 already already RB 34457 1849 4 been be VBN 34457 1849 5 pointed point VBN 34457 1849 6 out out RP 34457 1849 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1849 8 p. p. NN 34457 1849 9 137 137 CD 34457 1849 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1849 11 , , , 34457 1849 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1849 13 are be VBP 34457 1849 14 dealing deal VBG 34457 1849 15 here here RB 34457 1849 16 with with IN 34457 1849 17 the the DT 34457 1849 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1849 19 transition transition NN 34457 1849 20 point point NN 34457 1849 21 _ _ NNP 34457 1849 22 of of IN 34457 1849 23 the the DT 34457 1849 24 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1849 25 and and CC 34457 1849 26 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1849 27 salt salt NN 34457 1849 28 , , , 34457 1849 29 _ _ NNP 34457 1849 30 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1849 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1849 32 with with IN 34457 1849 33 the the DT 34457 1849 34 reaction reaction NN 34457 1849 35 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 1849 36 < < XX 34457 1849 37 -- -- : 34457 1849 38 > > XX 34457 1849 39 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 1849 40 } } -RRB- 34457 1849 41 + + CC 34457 1849 42 10H_{2}O. 10h_{2}o. CD 34457 1850 1 Since since IN 34457 1850 2 at at IN 34457 1850 3 the the DT 34457 1850 4 point point NN 34457 1850 5 of of IN 34457 1850 6 partial partial JJ 34457 1850 7 fusion fusion NN 34457 1850 8 of of IN 34457 1850 9 the the DT 34457 1850 10 decahydrate decahydrate JJ 34457 1850 11 four four CD 34457 1850 12 { { -LRB- 34457 1850 13 140 140 CD 34457 1850 14 } } -RRB- 34457 1850 15 phases phase NNS 34457 1850 16 can can MD 34457 1850 17 coexist coexist VB 34457 1850 18 , , , 34457 1850 19 the the DT 34457 1850 20 point point NN 34457 1850 21 is be VBZ 34457 1850 22 a a DT 34457 1850 23 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1850 24 point point NN 34457 1850 25 in in IN 34457 1850 26 a a DT 34457 1850 27 two two CD 34457 1850 28 - - HYPH 34457 1850 29 component component NN 34457 1850 30 system system NN 34457 1850 31 , , , 34457 1850 32 and and CC 34457 1850 33 the the DT 34457 1850 34 system system NN 34457 1850 35 at at IN 34457 1850 36 this this DT 34457 1850 37 point point NN 34457 1850 38 is be VBZ 34457 1850 39 therefore therefore RB 34457 1850 40 invariant invariant JJ 34457 1850 41 . . . 34457 1851 1 The the DT 34457 1851 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1851 3 of of IN 34457 1851 4 this this DT 34457 1851 5 point point NN 34457 1851 6 is be VBZ 34457 1851 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 1851 8 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 1851 9 definite definite JJ 34457 1851 10 , , , 34457 1851 11 and and CC 34457 1851 12 on on IN 34457 1851 13 this this DT 34457 1851 14 account account NN 34457 1851 15 the the DT 34457 1851 16 proposal proposal NN 34457 1851 17 has have VBZ 34457 1851 18 been be VBN 34457 1851 19 made make VBN 34457 1851 20 to to TO 34457 1851 21 adopt adopt VB 34457 1851 22 this this DT 34457 1851 23 as as IN 34457 1851 24 a a DT 34457 1851 25 fixed fix VBN 34457 1851 26 point point NN 34457 1851 27 in in IN 34457 1851 28 thermometry thermometry NN 34457 1851 29 . . . 34457 1852 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1852 2 214 214 CD 34457 1852 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1852 4 The the DT 34457 1852 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 1852 6 is be VBZ 34457 1852 7 , , , 34457 1852 8 of of IN 34457 1852 9 course course NN 34457 1852 10 , , , 34457 1852 11 practically practically RB 34457 1852 12 the the DT 34457 1852 13 same same JJ 34457 1852 14 as as IN 34457 1852 15 that that DT 34457 1852 16 at at IN 34457 1852 17 which which WDT 34457 1852 18 the the DT 34457 1852 19 two two CD 34457 1852 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 1852 21 curves curve NNS 34457 1852 22 intersect intersect VBP 34457 1852 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1852 24 p. p. NN 34457 1852 25 112 112 CD 34457 1852 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1852 27 . . . 34457 1853 1 If if IN 34457 1853 2 , , , 34457 1853 3 however however RB 34457 1853 4 , , , 34457 1853 5 the the DT 34457 1853 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 1853 7 phase phase NN 34457 1853 8 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 1853 9 , , , 34457 1853 10 the the DT 34457 1853 11 system system NN 34457 1853 12 becomes become VBZ 34457 1853 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1853 14 , , , 34457 1853 15 and and CC 34457 1853 16 the the DT 34457 1853 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1853 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 1853 19 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 1853 20 change change VB 34457 1853 21 with with IN 34457 1853 22 change change NN 34457 1853 23 of of IN 34457 1853 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1853 25 . . . 34457 1854 1 The the DT 34457 1854 2 transition transition NN 34457 1854 3 curve curve NN 34457 1854 4 has have VBZ 34457 1854 5 been be VBN 34457 1854 6 determined determine VBN 34457 1854 7 by by IN 34457 1854 8 Tammann,[215 tammann,[215 CD 34457 1854 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1854 10 and and CC 34457 1854 11 shown show VBN 34457 1854 12 to to TO 34457 1854 13 pass pass VB 34457 1854 14 through through RP 34457 1854 15 a a DT 34457 1854 16 point point NN 34457 1854 17 of of IN 34457 1854 18 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1854 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 1854 20 . . . 34457 1855 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1855 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1855 3 : : : 34457 1855 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1855 5 . . . 34457 1856 1 34 34 CD 34457 1856 2 . . . 34457 1856 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1857 1 The the DT 34457 1857 2 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1857 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 1857 4 of of IN 34457 1857 5 the the DT 34457 1857 6 different different JJ 34457 1857 7 systems system NNS 34457 1857 8 of of IN 34457 1857 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 1857 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1857 11 and and CC 34457 1857 12 water water NN 34457 1857 13 can can MD 34457 1857 14 best best RB 34457 1857 15 be be VB 34457 1857 16 studied study VBN 34457 1857 17 with with IN 34457 1857 18 the the DT 34457 1857 19 help help NN 34457 1857 20 of of IN 34457 1857 21 the the DT 34457 1857 22 diagram diagram NN 34457 1857 23 in in IN 34457 1857 24 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1857 25 . . . 34457 1858 1 34 34 CD 34457 1858 2 . . . 34457 1859 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1859 2 216 216 CD 34457 1859 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1859 4 The the DT 34457 1859 5 curve curve NN 34457 1859 6 ABCD ABCD NNP 34457 1859 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 1859 8 the the DT 34457 1859 9 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1859 10 - - HYPH 34457 1859 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 1859 12 curve curve NN 34457 1859 13 of of IN 34457 1859 14 the the DT 34457 1859 15 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1859 16 solution solution NN 34457 1859 17 of of IN 34457 1859 18 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1859 19 sodium sodium NN 34457 1859 20 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1859 21 . . . 34457 1860 1 GC GC NNP 34457 1860 2 is be VBZ 34457 1860 3 the the DT 34457 1860 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 1860 5 curve curve NN 34457 1860 6 of of IN 34457 1860 7 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1860 8 + + CC 34457 1860 9 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1860 10 salt salt NN 34457 1860 11 , , , 34457 1860 12 which which WDT 34457 1860 13 , , , 34457 1860 14 as as IN 34457 1860 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1860 16 have have VBP 34457 1860 17 seen see VBN 34457 1860 18 , , , 34457 1860 19 cuts cut VBZ 34457 1860 20 the the DT 34457 1860 21 curve curve NN 34457 1860 22 ABCD ABCD NNP 34457 1860 23 at at IN 34457 1860 24 the the DT 34457 1860 25 transition transition NN 34457 1860 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 1860 27 , , , 34457 1860 28 32.6 32.6â CD 34457 1860 29 ° ° NNS 34457 1860 30 . . . 34457 1861 1 Since since IN 34457 1861 2 at at IN 34457 1861 3 this this DT 34457 1861 4 point point NN 34457 1861 5 the the DT 34457 1861 6 solution solution NN 34457 1861 7 is be VBZ 34457 1861 8 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1861 9 with with IN 34457 1861 10 respect respect NN 34457 1861 11 to to IN 34457 1861 12 both both CC 34457 1861 13 the the DT 34457 1861 14 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1861 15 salt salt NN 34457 1861 16 and and CC 34457 1861 17 the the DT 34457 1861 18 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1861 19 , , , 34457 1861 20 the the DT 34457 1861 21 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1861 22 - - HYPH 34457 1861 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 1861 24 curve curve NN 34457 1861 25 of of IN 34457 1861 26 the the DT 34457 1861 27 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1861 28 solution solution NN 34457 1861 29 of of IN 34457 1861 30 the the DT 34457 1861 31 latter latter JJ 34457 1861 32 must must MD 34457 1861 33 also also RB 34457 1861 34 pass pass VB 34457 1861 35 through through RP 34457 1861 36 the the DT 34457 1861 37 point point NN 34457 1861 38 C.[217 c.[217 NN 34457 1861 39 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1861 40 As as IN 34457 1861 41 at at IN 34457 1861 42 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1861 43 below below IN 34457 1861 44 this this DT 34457 1861 45 point point NN 34457 1861 46 the the DT 34457 1861 47 solubility solubility NN 34457 1861 48 of of IN 34457 1861 49 the the DT 34457 1861 50 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1861 51 is be VBZ 34457 1861 52 less less JJR 34457 1861 53 than than IN 34457 1861 54 that that DT 34457 1861 55 of of IN 34457 1861 56 the the DT 34457 1861 57 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1861 58 salt salt NN 34457 1861 59 , , , 34457 1861 60 the the DT 34457 1861 61 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1861 62 pressure pressure NN 34457 1861 63 of of IN 34457 1861 64 the the DT 34457 1861 65 solution solution NN 34457 1861 66 will will MD 34457 1861 67 , , , 34457 1861 68 in in IN 34457 1861 69 accordance accordance NN 34457 1861 70 with with IN 34457 1861 71 Babo Babo NNP 34457 1861 72 's 's POS 34457 1861 73 law law NN 34457 1861 74 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1861 75 p. p. NN 34457 1861 76 126 126 CD 34457 1861 77 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1861 78 , , , 34457 1861 79 be be VB 34457 1861 80 higher high JJR 34457 1861 81 than than IN 34457 1861 82 that that DT 34457 1861 83 of of IN 34457 1861 84 the the DT 34457 1861 85 solution solution NN 34457 1861 86 of of IN 34457 1861 87 the the DT 34457 1861 88 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1861 89 salt salt NN 34457 1861 90 ; ; : 34457 1861 91 which which WDT 34457 1861 92 was be VBD 34457 1861 93 also also RB 34457 1861 94 found find VBN 34457 1861 95 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 1861 96 to to TO 34457 1861 97 be be VB 34457 1861 98 the the DT 34457 1861 99 case case NN 34457 1861 100 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1861 101 curve curve NN 34457 1861 102 HC HC NNP 34457 1861 103 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1861 104 . . . 34457 1862 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1862 2 141 141 CD 34457 1862 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1862 4 In in IN 34457 1862 5 connection connection NN 34457 1862 6 with with IN 34457 1862 7 the the DT 34457 1862 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1862 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1862 10 of of IN 34457 1862 11 the the DT 34457 1862 12 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1862 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 1862 14 of of IN 34457 1862 15 the the DT 34457 1862 16 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1862 17 salt salt NN 34457 1862 18 and and CC 34457 1862 19 the the DT 34457 1862 20 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1862 21 , , , 34457 1862 22 attention attention NN 34457 1862 23 must must MD 34457 1862 24 be be VB 34457 1862 25 drawn draw VBN 34457 1862 26 to to IN 34457 1862 27 a a DT 34457 1862 28 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 34457 1862 29 deviation deviation NN 34457 1862 30 from from IN 34457 1862 31 what what WP 34457 1862 32 was be VBD 34457 1862 33 found find VBN 34457 1862 34 to to TO 34457 1862 35 hold hold VB 34457 1862 36 in in IN 34457 1862 37 the the DT 34457 1862 38 case case NN 34457 1862 39 of of IN 34457 1862 40 one one CD 34457 1862 41 - - HYPH 34457 1862 42 component component NN 34457 1862 43 systems system NNS 34457 1862 44 in in IN 34457 1862 45 which which WDT 34457 1862 46 a a DT 34457 1862 47 vapour vapour NN 34457 1862 48 phase phase NN 34457 1862 49 was be VBD 34457 1862 50 present present JJ 34457 1862 51 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1862 52 p. p. NN 34457 1862 53 31 31 CD 34457 1862 54 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1862 55 . . . 34457 1863 1 There there RB 34457 1863 2 , , , 34457 1863 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1863 4 was be VBD 34457 1863 5 seen see VBN 34457 1863 6 that that IN 34457 1863 7 the the DT 34457 1863 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1863 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1863 10 of of IN 34457 1863 11 the the DT 34457 1863 12 more more RBR 34457 1863 13 stable stable JJ 34457 1863 14 system system NN 34457 1863 15 was be VBD 34457 1863 16 always always RB 34457 1863 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1863 18 lower low JJR 34457 1863 19 _ _ NNP 34457 1863 20 than than IN 34457 1863 21 that that DT 34457 1863 22 of of IN 34457 1863 23 the the DT 34457 1863 24 less less RBR 34457 1863 25 stable stable JJ 34457 1863 26 ; ; : 34457 1863 27 in in IN 34457 1863 28 the the DT 34457 1863 29 present present JJ 34457 1863 30 case case NN 34457 1863 31 , , , 34457 1863 32 however however RB 34457 1863 33 , , , 34457 1863 34 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1863 35 find find VBP 34457 1863 36 that that IN 34457 1863 37 this this DT 34457 1863 38 is be VBZ 34457 1863 39 no no RB 34457 1863 40 longer long RBR 34457 1863 41 so so RB 34457 1863 42 . . . 34457 1864 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 1864 2 have have VBP 34457 1864 3 already already RB 34457 1864 4 learned learn VBN 34457 1864 5 that that IN 34457 1864 6 at at IN 34457 1864 7 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1864 8 below below IN 34457 1864 9 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 1864 10 ° ° , 34457 1864 11 the the DT 34457 1864 12 system system NN 34457 1864 13 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1864 14 -- -- : 34457 1864 15 solution solution NN 34457 1864 16 -- -- : 34457 1864 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 1864 18 is be VBZ 34457 1864 19 more more RBR 34457 1864 20 stable stable JJ 34457 1864 21 than than IN 34457 1864 22 the the DT 34457 1864 23 system system NN 34457 1864 24 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1864 25 salt salt NN 34457 1864 26 -- -- : 34457 1864 27 solution solution NN 34457 1864 28 -- -- : 34457 1864 29 vapour vapour RB 34457 1864 30 ; ; : 34457 1864 31 but but CC 34457 1864 32 the the DT 34457 1864 33 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1864 34 pressure pressure NN 34457 1864 35 of of IN 34457 1864 36 the the DT 34457 1864 37 latter latter JJ 34457 1864 38 system system NN 34457 1864 39 is be VBZ 34457 1864 40 , , , 34457 1864 41 as as IN 34457 1864 42 has have VBZ 34457 1864 43 just just RB 34457 1864 44 been be VBN 34457 1864 45 stated state VBN 34457 1864 46 , , , 34457 1864 47 lower low JJR 34457 1864 48 than than IN 34457 1864 49 that that DT 34457 1864 50 of of IN 34457 1864 51 the the DT 34457 1864 52 former former JJ 34457 1864 53 . . . 34457 1865 1 At at IN 34457 1865 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1865 3 above above IN 34457 1865 4 the the DT 34457 1865 5 transition transition NN 34457 1865 6 point point NN 34457 1865 7 the the DT 34457 1865 8 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1865 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1865 10 of of IN 34457 1865 11 the the DT 34457 1865 12 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1865 13 solution solution NN 34457 1865 14 of of IN 34457 1865 15 the the DT 34457 1865 16 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1865 17 will will MD 34457 1865 18 be be VB 34457 1865 19 lower low JJR 34457 1865 20 than than IN 34457 1865 21 that that DT 34457 1865 22 of of IN 34457 1865 23 the the DT 34457 1865 24 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1865 25 solution solution NN 34457 1865 26 of of IN 34457 1865 27 the the DT 34457 1865 28 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1865 29 salt salt NN 34457 1865 30 . . . 34457 1866 1 This this DT 34457 1866 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1866 3 depends depend VBZ 34457 1866 4 on on IN 34457 1866 5 the the DT 34457 1866 6 fact fact NN 34457 1866 7 that that IN 34457 1866 8 the the DT 34457 1866 9 less less RBR 34457 1866 10 stable stable JJ 34457 1866 11 form form NN 34457 1866 12 is be VBZ 34457 1866 13 the the DT 34457 1866 14 more more RBR 34457 1866 15 soluble soluble JJ 34457 1866 16 , , , 34457 1866 17 and and CC 34457 1866 18 that that IN 34457 1866 19 the the DT 34457 1866 20 diminution diminution NN 34457 1866 21 of of IN 34457 1866 22 the the DT 34457 1866 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 1866 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 1866 25 increases increase NNS 34457 1866 26 with with IN 34457 1866 27 the the DT 34457 1866 28 amount amount NN 34457 1866 29 of of IN 34457 1866 30 salt salt NN 34457 1866 31 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1866 32 . . . 34457 1867 1 With with IN 34457 1867 2 regard regard NN 34457 1867 3 to to IN 34457 1867 4 sodium sodium NN 34457 1867 5 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1867 6 heptahydrate heptahydrate VB 34457 1867 7 the the DT 34457 1867 8 same same JJ 34457 1867 9 considerations consideration NNS 34457 1867 10 will will MD 34457 1867 11 hold hold VB 34457 1867 12 as as IN 34457 1867 13 in in IN 34457 1867 14 the the DT 34457 1867 15 case case NN 34457 1867 16 of of IN 34457 1867 17 the the DT 34457 1867 18 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1867 19 . . . 34457 1868 1 Since since IN 34457 1868 2 at at IN 34457 1868 3 24 24â CD 34457 1868 4 ° ° VBZ 34457 1868 5 the the DT 34457 1868 6 four four CD 34457 1868 7 phases phase NNS 34457 1868 8 heptahydrate heptahydrate JJ 34457 1868 9 , , , 34457 1868 10 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1868 11 salt salt NN 34457 1868 12 , , , 34457 1868 13 solution solution NN 34457 1868 14 , , , 34457 1868 15 vapour vapour NN 34457 1868 16 can can MD 34457 1868 17 coexist coexist VB 34457 1868 18 , , , 34457 1868 19 the the DT 34457 1868 20 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1868 21 - - HYPH 34457 1868 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1868 23 curves curve NNS 34457 1868 24 of of IN 34457 1868 25 the the DT 34457 1868 26 systems system NNS 34457 1868 27 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1868 28 -- -- : 34457 1868 29 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1868 30 salt salt NN 34457 1868 31 -- -- : 34457 1868 32 vapour vapour NNP 34457 1868 33 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1868 34 curve curve NN 34457 1868 35 EB eb NN 34457 1868 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1868 37 and and CC 34457 1868 38 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1868 39 -- -- : 34457 1868 40 solution solution NN 34457 1868 41 -- -- : 34457 1868 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 1868 43 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1868 44 curve curve NN 34457 1868 45 FB FB NNP 34457 1868 46 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1868 47 must must MD 34457 1868 48 cut cut VB 34457 1868 49 the the DT 34457 1868 50 pressure pressure NN 34457 1868 51 curve curve NN 34457 1868 52 of of IN 34457 1868 53 the the DT 34457 1868 54 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1868 55 solution solution NN 34457 1868 56 of of IN 34457 1868 57 the the DT 34457 1868 58 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1868 59 salt salt NN 34457 1868 60 at at IN 34457 1868 61 the the DT 34457 1868 62 above above JJ 34457 1868 63 temperature temperature NN 34457 1868 64 , , , 34457 1868 65 as as IN 34457 1868 66 represented represent VBN 34457 1868 67 in in IN 34457 1868 68 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1868 69 . . . 34457 1869 1 34 34 CD 34457 1869 2 by by IN 34457 1869 3 the the DT 34457 1869 4 point point NN 34457 1869 5 B. B. NNP 34457 1870 1 This this DT 34457 1870 2 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 1870 3 , , , 34457 1870 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1870 5 , , , 34457 1870 6 a a DT 34457 1870 7 second second JJ 34457 1870 8 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1870 9 point point NN 34457 1870 10 , , , 34457 1870 11 which which WDT 34457 1870 12 is be VBZ 34457 1870 13 , , , 34457 1870 14 however however RB 34457 1870 15 , , , 34457 1870 16 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1870 17 . . . 34457 1871 1 From from IN 34457 1871 2 the the DT 34457 1871 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 1871 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1871 5 is be VBZ 34457 1871 6 also also RB 34457 1871 7 evident evident JJ 34457 1871 8 that that IN 34457 1871 9 the the DT 34457 1871 10 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1871 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 1871 12 of of IN 34457 1871 13 the the DT 34457 1871 14 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 1871 15 is be VBZ 34457 1871 16 higher high JJR 34457 1871 17 than than IN 34457 1871 18 that that DT 34457 1871 19 of of IN 34457 1871 20 the the DT 34457 1871 21 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1871 22 , , , 34457 1871 23 although although IN 34457 1871 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1871 25 contains contain VBZ 34457 1871 26 less less JJR 34457 1871 27 water water NN 34457 1871 28 of of IN 34457 1871 29 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1871 30 . . . 34457 1872 1 The the DT 34457 1872 2 system system NN 34457 1872 3 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 1872 4 -- -- : 34457 1872 5 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1872 6 salt salt NN 34457 1872 7 -- -- : 34457 1872 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 1872 9 must must MD 34457 1872 10 be be VB 34457 1872 11 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1872 12 with with IN 34457 1872 13 respect respect NN 34457 1872 14 to to IN 34457 1872 15 the the DT 34457 1872 16 system system NN 34457 1872 17 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 1872 18 -- -- : 34457 1872 19 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1872 20 salt salt NN 34457 1872 21 -- -- : 34457 1872 22 vapour vapour RB 34457 1872 23 , , , 34457 1872 24 and and CC 34457 1872 25 will will MD 34457 1872 26 pass pass VB 34457 1872 27 into into IN 34457 1872 28 the the DT 34457 1872 29 latter latter JJ 34457 1872 30 . . . 34457 1873 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1873 2 218 218 CD 34457 1873 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1873 4 Whether whether IN 34457 1873 5 or or CC 34457 1873 6 not not RB 34457 1873 7 there there EX 34457 1873 8 is be VBZ 34457 1873 9 a a DT 34457 1873 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1873 11 at at IN 34457 1873 12 which which WDT 34457 1873 13 the the DT 34457 1873 14 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1873 15 - - HYPH 34457 1873 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 1873 17 curves curve NNS 34457 1873 18 of of IN 34457 1873 19 the the DT 34457 1873 20 two two CD 34457 1873 21 systems system NNS 34457 1873 22 intersect intersect VBP 34457 1873 23 , , , 34457 1873 24 and and CC 34457 1873 25 below below IN 34457 1873 26 which which WDT 34457 1873 27 the the DT 34457 1873 28 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 1873 29 becomes become VBZ 34457 1873 30 the the DT 34457 1873 31 more more RBR 34457 1873 32 stable stable JJ 34457 1873 33 form form NN 34457 1873 34 , , , 34457 1873 35 is be VBZ 34457 1873 36 not not RB 34457 1873 37 known know VBN 34457 1873 38 . . . 34457 1874 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1874 2 142 142 CD 34457 1874 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1874 4 In in IN 34457 1874 5 the the DT 34457 1874 6 case case NN 34457 1874 7 of of IN 34457 1874 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 1874 9 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1874 10 there there EX 34457 1874 11 is be VBZ 34457 1874 12 only only RB 34457 1874 13 one one CD 34457 1874 14 stable stable JJ 34457 1874 15 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1874 16 . . . 34457 1875 1 Other other JJ 34457 1875 2 salts salt NNS 34457 1875 3 are be VBP 34457 1875 4 known know VBN 34457 1875 5 which which WDT 34457 1875 6 exhibit exhibit NN 34457 1875 7 a a DT 34457 1875 8 similar similar JJ 34457 1875 9 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1875 10 ; ; : 34457 1875 11 and and CC 34457 1875 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1875 13 shall shall MD 34457 1875 14 therefore therefore RB 34457 1875 15 expect expect VB 34457 1875 16 that that IN 34457 1875 17 the the DT 34457 1875 18 solubility solubility NN 34457 1875 19 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1875 20 will will MD 34457 1875 21 be be VB 34457 1875 22 represented represent VBN 34457 1875 23 by by IN 34457 1875 24 a a DT 34457 1875 25 diagram diagram NN 34457 1875 26 similar similar JJ 34457 1875 27 to to IN 34457 1875 28 that that DT 34457 1875 29 for for IN 34457 1875 30 sodium sodium NN 34457 1875 31 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1875 32 . . . 34457 1876 1 A a DT 34457 1876 2 considerable considerable JJ 34457 1876 3 number number NN 34457 1876 4 of of IN 34457 1876 5 such such JJ 34457 1876 6 cases case NNS 34457 1876 7 have have VBP 34457 1876 8 , , , 34457 1876 9 indeed indeed RB 34457 1876 10 , , , 34457 1876 11 been be VBN 34457 1876 12 found,[219 found,[219 NNS 34457 1876 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1876 14 and and CC 34457 1876 15 in in IN 34457 1876 16 some some DT 34457 1876 17 cases case NNS 34457 1876 18 there there EX 34457 1876 19 is be VBZ 34457 1876 20 more more JJR 34457 1876 21 than than IN 34457 1876 22 one one CD 34457 1876 23 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1876 24 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1876 25 . . . 34457 1877 1 This this DT 34457 1877 2 is be VBZ 34457 1877 3 found find VBN 34457 1877 4 , , , 34457 1877 5 for for IN 34457 1877 6 example example NN 34457 1877 7 , , , 34457 1877 8 in in IN 34457 1877 9 the the DT 34457 1877 10 case case NN 34457 1877 11 of of IN 34457 1877 12 nickel nickel NN 34457 1877 13 iodate,[220 iodate,[220 RB 34457 1877 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1877 15 the the DT 34457 1877 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 1877 17 curves curve VBZ 34457 1877 18 for for IN 34457 1877 19 which which WDT 34457 1877 20 are be VBP 34457 1877 21 given give VBN 34457 1877 22 in in IN 34457 1877 23 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1877 24 . . . 34457 1878 1 35 35 CD 34457 1878 2 . . . 34457 1879 1 As as IN 34457 1879 2 can can MD 34457 1879 3 be be VB 34457 1879 4 seen see VBN 34457 1879 5 from from IN 34457 1879 6 the the DT 34457 1879 7 figure figure NN 34457 1879 8 , , , 34457 1879 9 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1879 10 transformation transformation NN 34457 1879 11 occurs occur VBZ 34457 1879 12 , , , 34457 1879 13 the the DT 34457 1879 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 1879 15 curves curve VBZ 34457 1879 16 having have VBG 34457 1879 17 in in IN 34457 1879 18 some some DT 34457 1879 19 cases case NNS 34457 1879 20 been be VBN 34457 1879 21 followed follow VBN 34457 1879 22 to to IN 34457 1879 23 a a DT 34457 1879 24 considerable considerable JJ 34457 1879 25 distance distance NN 34457 1879 26 beyond beyond IN 34457 1879 27 the the DT 34457 1879 28 transition transition NN 34457 1879 29 point point NN 34457 1879 30 . . . 34457 1880 1 One one CD 34457 1880 2 of of IN 34457 1880 3 the the DT 34457 1880 4 most most RBS 34457 1880 5 brilliant brilliant JJ 34457 1880 6 examples example NNS 34457 1880 7 , , , 34457 1880 8 however however RB 34457 1880 9 , , , 34457 1880 10 of of IN 34457 1880 11 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1880 12 transformation transformation NN 34457 1880 13 in in IN 34457 1880 14 the the DT 34457 1880 15 case case NN 34457 1880 16 of of IN 34457 1880 17 salt salt NN 34457 1880 18 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1880 19 , , , 34457 1880 20 and and CC 34457 1880 21 the the DT 34457 1880 22 sluggish sluggish JJ 34457 1880 23 transition transition NN 34457 1880 24 from from IN 34457 1880 25 the the DT 34457 1880 26 less less RBR 34457 1880 27 stable stable JJ 34457 1880 28 to to IN 34457 1880 29 the the DT 34457 1880 30 more more RBR 34457 1880 31 stable stable JJ 34457 1880 32 form form NN 34457 1880 33 , , , 34457 1880 34 is be VBZ 34457 1880 35 found find VBN 34457 1880 36 in in IN 34457 1880 37 the the DT 34457 1880 38 case case NN 34457 1880 39 of of IN 34457 1880 40 the the DT 34457 1880 41 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1880 42 of of IN 34457 1880 43 calcium calcium NN 34457 1880 44 chromate chromate NN 34457 1880 45 . . . 34457 1881 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1881 2 221 221 CD 34457 1881 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1881 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1881 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1881 6 : : : 34457 1881 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1881 8 . . . 34457 1882 1 35 35 CD 34457 1882 2 . . . 34457 1882 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1883 1 In in IN 34457 1883 2 the the DT 34457 1883 3 preceding precede VBG 34457 1883 4 cases case NNS 34457 1883 5 , , , 34457 1883 6 the the DT 34457 1883 7 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1883 8 - - HYPH 34457 1883 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 1883 10 curve curve NN 34457 1883 11 of of IN 34457 1883 12 the the DT 34457 1883 13 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 1883 14 salt salt NN 34457 1883 15 cuts cut VBZ 34457 1883 16 the the DT 34457 1883 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1883 18 - - HYPH 34457 1883 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 1883 20 curve curve NN 34457 1883 21 of of IN 34457 1883 22 the the DT 34457 1883 23 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1883 24 { { -LRB- 34457 1883 25 143 143 CD 34457 1883 26 } } -RRB- 34457 1883 27 solution solution NN 34457 1883 28 of of IN 34457 1883 29 the the DT 34457 1883 30 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1883 31 salt salt NN 34457 1883 32 . . . 34457 1884 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1884 2 can can MD 34457 1884 3 , , , 34457 1884 4 however however RB 34457 1884 5 , , , 34457 1884 6 happen happen VB 34457 1884 7 that that IN 34457 1884 8 the the DT 34457 1884 9 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1884 10 - - HYPH 34457 1884 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 1884 12 curve curve NN 34457 1884 13 of of IN 34457 1884 14 one one CD 34457 1884 15 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1884 16 cuts cut VBZ 34457 1884 17 the the DT 34457 1884 18 solubility solubility NN 34457 1884 19 curve curve NN 34457 1884 20 , , , 34457 1884 21 not not RB 34457 1884 22 of of IN 34457 1884 23 the the DT 34457 1884 24 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1884 25 salt salt NN 34457 1884 26 , , , 34457 1884 27 but but CC 34457 1884 28 of of IN 34457 1884 29 a a DT 34457 1884 30 lower low JJR 34457 1884 31 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1884 32 ; ; : 34457 1884 33 in in IN 34457 1884 34 this this DT 34457 1884 35 case case NN 34457 1884 36 there there EX 34457 1884 37 will will MD 34457 1884 38 be be VB 34457 1884 39 more more JJR 34457 1884 40 than than IN 34457 1884 41 one one CD 34457 1884 42 stable stable JJ 34457 1884 43 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1884 44 , , , 34457 1884 45 each each DT 34457 1884 46 having have VBG 34457 1884 47 a a DT 34457 1884 48 stable stable JJ 34457 1884 49 solubility solubility NN 34457 1884 50 curve curve NN 34457 1884 51 ; ; : 34457 1884 52 and and CC 34457 1884 53 these these DT 34457 1884 54 curves curve NNS 34457 1884 55 will will MD 34457 1884 56 intersect intersect VB 34457 1884 57 at at IN 34457 1884 58 the the DT 34457 1884 59 temperature temperature NN 34457 1884 60 of of IN 34457 1884 61 the the DT 34457 1884 62 transition transition NN 34457 1884 63 point point NN 34457 1884 64 . . . 34457 1885 1 Various various JJ 34457 1885 2 examples example NNS 34457 1885 3 of of IN 34457 1885 4 this this DT 34457 1885 5 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1885 6 are be VBP 34457 1885 7 known know VBN 34457 1885 8 , , , 34457 1885 9 and and CC 34457 1885 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1885 11 choose choose VBP 34457 1885 12 for for IN 34457 1885 13 illustration illustration NN 34457 1885 14 the the DT 34457 1885 15 solubility solubility NN 34457 1885 16 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1885 17 of of IN 34457 1885 18 barium barium NN 34457 1885 19 acetate acetate NNP 34457 1885 20 and and CC 34457 1885 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1885 22 hydrates[222 hydrates[222 NN 34457 1885 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1885 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1885 25 Fig fig NN 34457 1885 26 . . . 34457 1886 1 36 36 CD 34457 1886 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1886 3 . . . 34457 1887 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1887 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1887 3 : : : 34457 1887 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1887 5 . . . 34457 1888 1 36 36 CD 34457 1888 2 . . . 34457 1888 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1889 1 At at IN 34457 1889 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1889 3 above above IN 34457 1889 4 0 0â NN 34457 1889 5 ° ° NNS 34457 1889 6 , , , 34457 1889 7 barium barium NN 34457 1889 8 acetate acetate NNP 34457 1889 9 can can MD 34457 1889 10 form form VB 34457 1889 11 two two CD 34457 1889 12 stable stable JJ 34457 1889 13 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1889 14 , , , 34457 1889 15 a a DT 34457 1889 16 trihydrate trihydrate NN 34457 1889 17 and and CC 34457 1889 18 a a DT 34457 1889 19 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1889 20 . . . 34457 1890 1 The the DT 34457 1890 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1890 3 of of IN 34457 1890 4 the the DT 34457 1890 5 trihydrate trihydrate NN 34457 1890 6 increases increase NNS 34457 1890 7 very very RB 34457 1890 8 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 1890 9 with with IN 34457 1890 10 rise rise NN 34457 1890 11 of of IN 34457 1890 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1890 13 , , , 34457 1890 14 and and CC 34457 1890 15 has have VBZ 34457 1890 16 been be VBN 34457 1890 17 determined determine VBN 34457 1890 18 up up IN 34457 1890 19 to to IN 34457 1890 20 26.1 26.1â CD 34457 1890 21 ° ° NNS 34457 1890 22 . . . 34457 1891 1 At at IN 34457 1891 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1891 3 above above IN 34457 1891 4 24.7 24.7â CD 34457 1891 5 ° ° NNS 34457 1891 6 , , , 34457 1891 7 however however RB 34457 1891 8 , , , 34457 1891 9 the the DT 34457 1891 10 trihydrate trihydrate NN 34457 1891 11 is be VBZ 34457 1891 12 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1891 13 with with IN 34457 1891 14 respect respect NN 34457 1891 15 to to IN 34457 1891 16 the the DT 34457 1891 17 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1891 18 ; ; : 34457 1891 19 for for IN 34457 1891 20 at at IN 34457 1891 21 this this DT 34457 1891 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 1891 23 the the DT 34457 1891 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 1891 25 curve curve NN 34457 1891 26 of of IN 34457 1891 27 the the DT 34457 1891 28 latter latter JJ 34457 1891 29 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1891 30 cuts cut NNS 34457 1891 31 that that DT 34457 1891 32 of of IN 34457 1891 33 the the DT 34457 1891 34 former former JJ 34457 1891 35 . . . 34457 1892 1 This this DT 34457 1892 2 is be VBZ 34457 1892 3 , , , 34457 1892 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1892 5 , , , 34457 1892 6 the the DT 34457 1892 7 transition transition NN 34457 1892 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 1892 9 for for IN 34457 1892 10 the the DT 34457 1892 11 trihydrate trihydrate NN 34457 1892 12 and and CC 34457 1892 13 monohydrate monohydrate VB 34457 1892 14 . . . 34457 1893 1 The the DT 34457 1893 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1893 3 curve curve NN 34457 1893 4 of of IN 34457 1893 5 the the DT 34457 1893 6 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1893 7 succeeds succeed VBZ 34457 1893 8 that that DT 34457 1893 9 of of IN 34457 1893 10 the the DT 34457 1893 11 trihydrate trihydrate NN 34457 1893 12 , , , 34457 1893 13 and and CC 34457 1893 14 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 1893 15 a a DT 34457 1893 16 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 34457 1893 17 point point NN 34457 1893 18 of of IN 34457 1893 19 minimum minimum JJ 34457 1893 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 1893 21 at at IN 34457 1893 22 about about IN 34457 1893 23 30 30â CD 34457 1893 24 ° ° NNS 34457 1893 25 . . . 34457 1894 1 Below below IN 34457 1894 2 24.7 24.7â CD 34457 1894 3 ° ° NNS 34457 1894 4 the the DT 34457 1894 5 { { -LRB- 34457 1894 6 144 144 CD 34457 1894 7 } } -RRB- 34457 1894 8 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1894 9 is be VBZ 34457 1894 10 the the DT 34457 1894 11 less less RBR 34457 1894 12 stable stable JJ 34457 1894 13 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1894 14 , , , 34457 1894 15 but but CC 34457 1894 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1894 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 1894 18 has have VBZ 34457 1894 19 been be VBN 34457 1894 20 determined determine VBN 34457 1894 21 to to IN 34457 1894 22 a a DT 34457 1894 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1894 24 of of IN 34457 1894 25 22 22â CD 34457 1894 26 ° ° NNS 34457 1894 27 . . . 34457 1895 1 At at IN 34457 1895 2 41 41 NNPS 34457 1895 3 ° ° VBZ 34457 1895 4 the the DT 34457 1895 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 1895 6 curve curve NN 34457 1895 7 of of IN 34457 1895 8 the the DT 34457 1895 9 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1895 10 intersects intersect VBZ 34457 1895 11 that that IN 34457 1895 12 of of IN 34457 1895 13 the the DT 34457 1895 14 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1895 15 salt salt NN 34457 1895 16 , , , 34457 1895 17 and and CC 34457 1895 18 this this DT 34457 1895 19 is be VBZ 34457 1895 20 therefore therefore RB 34457 1895 21 the the DT 34457 1895 22 transition transition NN 34457 1895 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 1895 24 for for IN 34457 1895 25 the the DT 34457 1895 26 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1895 27 and and CC 34457 1895 28 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1895 29 salt salt NN 34457 1895 30 . . . 34457 1896 1 Above above IN 34457 1896 2 this this DT 34457 1896 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1896 4 the the DT 34457 1896 5 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1896 6 salt salt NN 34457 1896 7 is be VBZ 34457 1896 8 the the DT 34457 1896 9 stable stable JJ 34457 1896 10 solid solid JJ 34457 1896 11 phase phase NN 34457 1896 12 . . . 34457 1897 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1897 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1897 3 curve curve NN 34457 1897 4 also also RB 34457 1897 5 passes pass VBZ 34457 1897 6 through through IN 34457 1897 7 a a DT 34457 1897 8 minimum minimum NN 34457 1897 9 . . . 34457 1898 1 The the DT 34457 1898 2 diagram diagram NN 34457 1898 3 of of IN 34457 1898 4 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 1898 5 of of IN 34457 1898 6 barium barium NN 34457 1898 7 acetate acetate NN 34457 1898 8 not not RB 34457 1898 9 only only RB 34457 1898 10 illustrates illustrate VBZ 34457 1898 11 the the DT 34457 1898 12 way way NN 34457 1898 13 in in IN 34457 1898 14 which which WDT 34457 1898 15 the the DT 34457 1898 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 1898 17 curves curve VBZ 34457 1898 18 of of IN 34457 1898 19 the the DT 34457 1898 20 different different JJ 34457 1898 21 stable stable JJ 34457 1898 22 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1898 23 of of IN 34457 1898 24 a a DT 34457 1898 25 salt salt NN 34457 1898 26 succeed succeed VB 34457 1898 27 one one CD 34457 1898 28 another another DT 34457 1898 29 , , , 34457 1898 30 but but CC 34457 1898 31 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1898 32 has have VBZ 34457 1898 33 also also RB 34457 1898 34 an an DT 34457 1898 35 interest interest NN 34457 1898 36 and and CC 34457 1898 37 importance importance NN 34457 1898 38 from from IN 34457 1898 39 another another DT 34457 1898 40 point point NN 34457 1898 41 of of IN 34457 1898 42 view view NN 34457 1898 43 . . . 34457 1899 1 In in IN 34457 1899 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1899 3 . . . 34457 1900 1 36 36 CD 34457 1900 2 there there EX 34457 1900 3 is be VBZ 34457 1900 4 also also RB 34457 1900 5 shown show VBN 34457 1900 6 a a DT 34457 1900 7 faintly faintly RB 34457 1900 8 drawn draw VBN 34457 1900 9 curve curve NN 34457 1900 10 which which WDT 34457 1900 11 is be VBZ 34457 1900 12 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1900 13 throughout throughout IN 34457 1900 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1900 15 whole whole JJ 34457 1900 16 course course NN 34457 1900 17 . . . 34457 1901 1 This this DT 34457 1901 2 curve curve NN 34457 1901 3 represents represent VBZ 34457 1901 4 the the DT 34457 1901 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 1901 6 of of IN 34457 1901 7 barium barium NN 34457 1901 8 acetate acetate JJ 34457 1901 9 as as IN 34457 1901 10 determined determine VBN 34457 1901 11 by by IN 34457 1901 12 Krasnicki Krasnicki NNP 34457 1901 13 . . . 34457 1902 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1902 2 223 223 CD 34457 1902 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1902 4 Since since IN 34457 1902 5 , , , 34457 1902 6 however however RB 34457 1902 7 , , , 34457 1902 8 three three CD 34457 1902 9 different different JJ 34457 1902 10 solid solid JJ 34457 1902 11 phases phase NNS 34457 1902 12 can can MD 34457 1902 13 exist exist VB 34457 1902 14 under under IN 34457 1902 15 the the DT 34457 1902 16 conditions condition NNS 34457 1902 17 of of IN 34457 1902 18 experiment experiment NN 34457 1902 19 , , , 34457 1902 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1902 21 is be VBZ 34457 1902 22 evident evident JJ 34457 1902 23 , , , 34457 1902 24 from from IN 34457 1902 25 what what WP 34457 1902 26 has have VBZ 34457 1902 27 already already RB 34457 1902 28 been be VBN 34457 1902 29 stated state VBN 34457 1902 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1902 31 p. p. NN 34457 1902 32 111 111 CD 34457 1902 33 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1902 34 , , , 34457 1902 35 that that IN 34457 1902 36 the the DT 34457 1902 37 different different JJ 34457 1902 38 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1902 39 between between IN 34457 1902 40 barium barium NN 34457 1902 41 acetate acetate NN 34457 1902 42 and and CC 34457 1902 43 water water NN 34457 1902 44 could could MD 34457 1902 45 not not RB 34457 1902 46 be be VB 34457 1902 47 represented represent VBN 34457 1902 48 by by IN 34457 1902 49 one one CD 34457 1902 50 _ _ NNP 34457 1902 51 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1902 52 _ _ NNP 34457 1902 53 curve curve NN 34457 1902 54 . . . 34457 1903 1 Another another DT 34457 1903 2 point point NN 34457 1903 3 which which WDT 34457 1903 4 these these DT 34457 1903 5 experiments experiment NNS 34457 1903 6 illustrate illustrate VBP 34457 1903 7 and and CC 34457 1903 8 which which WDT 34457 1903 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1903 10 is be VBZ 34457 1903 11 of of IN 34457 1903 12 the the DT 34457 1903 13 highest high JJS 34457 1903 14 importance importance NN 34457 1903 15 to to TO 34457 1903 16 bear bear VB 34457 1903 17 in in IN 34457 1903 18 mind mind NN 34457 1903 19 is be VBZ 34457 1903 20 , , , 34457 1903 21 that that IN 34457 1903 22 in in IN 34457 1903 23 making make VBG 34457 1903 24 determinations determination NNS 34457 1903 25 of of IN 34457 1903 26 the the DT 34457 1903 27 solubility solubility NN 34457 1903 28 of of IN 34457 1903 29 salts salt NNS 34457 1903 30 which which WDT 34457 1903 31 are be VBP 34457 1903 32 capable capable JJ 34457 1903 33 of of IN 34457 1903 34 forming form VBG 34457 1903 35 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1903 36 , , , 34457 1903 37 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1903 38 is be VBZ 34457 1903 39 not not RB 34457 1903 40 only only RB 34457 1903 41 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1903 42 to to TO 34457 1903 43 determine determine VB 34457 1903 44 the the DT 34457 1903 45 composition composition NN 34457 1903 46 of of IN 34457 1903 47 the the DT 34457 1903 48 solution solution NN 34457 1903 49 , , , 34457 1903 50 but but CC 34457 1903 51 _ _ NNP 34457 1903 52 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1903 53 is be VBZ 34457 1903 54 of of IN 34457 1903 55 equal equal JJ 34457 1903 56 importance importance NN 34457 1903 57 to to TO 34457 1903 58 determine determine VB 34457 1903 59 the the DT 34457 1903 60 composition composition NN 34457 1903 61 of of IN 34457 1903 62 the the DT 34457 1903 63 solid solid JJ 34457 1903 64 phase phase NN 34457 1903 65 in in IN 34457 1903 66 contact contact NN 34457 1903 67 with with IN 34457 1903 68 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1903 69 _ _ NNP 34457 1903 70 . . . 34457 1904 1 In in IN 34457 1904 2 view view NN 34457 1904 3 of of IN 34457 1904 4 the the DT 34457 1904 5 fact fact NN 34457 1904 6 , , , 34457 1904 7 also also RB 34457 1904 8 , , , 34457 1904 9 that that IN 34457 1904 10 the the DT 34457 1904 11 solution solution NN 34457 1904 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1904 13 is be VBZ 34457 1904 14 in in IN 34457 1904 15 many many JJ 34457 1904 16 cases case NNS 34457 1904 17 established establish VBN 34457 1904 18 with with IN 34457 1904 19 comparative comparative JJ 34457 1904 20 slowness slowness NN 34457 1904 21 , , , 34457 1904 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1904 23 is be VBZ 34457 1904 24 necessary necessary JJ 34457 1904 25 to to TO 34457 1904 26 confirm confirm VB 34457 1904 27 the the DT 34457 1904 28 point point NN 34457 1904 29 of of IN 34457 1904 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1904 31 , , , 34457 1904 32 either either CC 34457 1904 33 by by IN 34457 1904 34 approaching approach VBG 34457 1904 35 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1904 36 from from IN 34457 1904 37 higher high JJR 34457 1904 38 as as RB 34457 1904 39 well well RB 34457 1904 40 as as IN 34457 1904 41 from from IN 34457 1904 42 lower low JJR 34457 1904 43 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1904 44 , , , 34457 1904 45 or or CC 34457 1904 46 by by IN 34457 1904 47 actually actually RB 34457 1904 48 determining determine VBG 34457 1904 49 the the DT 34457 1904 50 rate rate NN 34457 1904 51 with with IN 34457 1904 52 which which WDT 34457 1904 53 the the DT 34457 1904 54 condition condition NN 34457 1904 55 of of IN 34457 1904 56 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1904 57 is be VBZ 34457 1904 58 attained attain VBN 34457 1904 59 . . . 34457 1905 1 This this DT 34457 1905 2 can can MD 34457 1905 3 be be VB 34457 1905 4 accomplished accomplish VBN 34457 1905 5 by by IN 34457 1905 6 actual actual JJ 34457 1905 7 weighing weighing NN 34457 1905 8 of of IN 34457 1905 9 the the DT 34457 1905 10 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1905 11 salt salt NN 34457 1905 12 or or CC 34457 1905 13 by by IN 34457 1905 14 determinations determination NNS 34457 1905 15 of of IN 34457 1905 16 the the DT 34457 1905 17 density density NN 34457 1905 18 of of IN 34457 1905 19 the the DT 34457 1905 20 solution solution NN 34457 1905 21 , , , 34457 1905 22 as as RB 34457 1905 23 well well RB 34457 1905 24 as as IN 34457 1905 25 by by IN 34457 1905 26 other other JJ 34457 1905 27 methods method NNS 34457 1905 28 . . . 34457 1906 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1906 2 145 145 CD 34457 1906 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1906 4 2 2 CD 34457 1906 5 . . . 34457 1907 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1907 2 The the DT 34457 1907 3 Compounds Compounds NNPS 34457 1907 4 formed form VBD 34457 1907 5 have have VBP 34457 1907 6 a a DT 34457 1907 7 Definite Definite NNP 34457 1907 8 Melting Melting NNP 34457 1907 9 Point Point NNP 34457 1907 10 . . . 34457 1907 11 _ _ NNP 34457 1907 12 In in IN 34457 1907 13 the the DT 34457 1907 14 cases case NNS 34457 1907 15 which which WDT 34457 1907 16 have have VBP 34457 1907 17 just just RB 34457 1907 18 been be VBN 34457 1907 19 considered consider VBN 34457 1907 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1907 21 saw see VBD 34457 1907 22 that that IN 34457 1907 23 the the DT 34457 1907 24 salt salt NN 34457 1907 25 hydrates hydrate VBZ 34457 1907 26 on on IN 34457 1907 27 being be VBG 34457 1907 28 heated heat VBN 34457 1907 29 did do VBD 34457 1907 30 not not RB 34457 1907 31 undergo undergo VB 34457 1907 32 complete complete JJ 34457 1907 33 fusion fusion NN 34457 1907 34 , , , 34457 1907 35 but but CC 34457 1907 36 that that IN 34457 1907 37 a a DT 34457 1907 38 solid solid JJ 34457 1907 39 was be VBD 34457 1907 40 deposited deposit VBN 34457 1907 41 consisting consist VBG 34457 1907 42 of of IN 34457 1907 43 a a DT 34457 1907 44 lower low JJR 34457 1907 45 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1907 46 or or CC 34457 1907 47 of of IN 34457 1907 48 the the DT 34457 1907 49 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1907 50 salt salt NN 34457 1907 51 . . . 34457 1908 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1908 2 has have VBZ 34457 1908 3 , , , 34457 1908 4 however however RB 34457 1908 5 , , , 34457 1908 6 been be VBN 34457 1908 7 long long RB 34457 1908 8 known know VBN 34457 1908 9 that that IN 34457 1908 10 certain certain JJ 34457 1908 11 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1908 12 salt salt NN 34457 1908 13 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1908 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1908 15 _ _ NNP 34457 1908 16 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 1908 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1908 18 sodium sodium NN 34457 1908 19 thiosulphate thiosulphate NN 34457 1908 20 , , , 34457 1908 21 Na_{2}S_{2}O_{3},5H_{2}O Na_{2}S_{2}O_{3},5H_{2}O NNP 34457 1908 22 , , , 34457 1908 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 1908 24 acetate acetate NN 34457 1908 25 , , , 34457 1908 26 NaC_{2}H_{3}O_{2},3H_{2}O nac_{2}h_{3}o_{2},3h_{2}o JJ 34457 1908 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1908 28 melt melt NN 34457 1908 29 completely completely RB 34457 1908 30 in in IN 34457 1908 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1908 32 water water NN 34457 1908 33 of of IN 34457 1908 34 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1908 35 , , , 34457 1908 36 and and CC 34457 1908 37 yield yield VB 34457 1908 38 a a DT 34457 1908 39 liquid liquid NN 34457 1908 40 of of IN 34457 1908 41 the the DT 34457 1908 42 _ _ NNP 34457 1908 43 same same JJ 34457 1908 44 composition composition NN 34457 1908 45 _ _ NNP 34457 1908 46 as as IN 34457 1908 47 the the DT 34457 1908 48 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 1908 49 salt salt NN 34457 1908 50 . . . 34457 1909 1 In in IN 34457 1909 2 the the DT 34457 1909 3 case case NN 34457 1909 4 of of IN 34457 1909 5 sodium sodium NN 34457 1909 6 thiosulphate thiosulphate NN 34457 1909 7 pentahydrate pentahydrate VBP 34457 1909 8 the the DT 34457 1909 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 1909 10 of of IN 34457 1909 11 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 1909 12 is be VBZ 34457 1909 13 56 56â NN 34457 1909 14 ° ° NNS 34457 1909 15 ; ; : 34457 1909 16 in in IN 34457 1909 17 the the DT 34457 1909 18 case case NN 34457 1909 19 of of IN 34457 1909 20 sodium sodium NN 34457 1909 21 acetate acetate JJ 34457 1909 22 trihydrate trihydrate NN 34457 1909 23 , , . 34457 1909 24 58 58â CD 34457 1909 25 ° ° NNS 34457 1909 26 . . . 34457 1910 1 These these DT 34457 1910 2 two two CD 34457 1910 3 salts salt NNS 34457 1910 4 , , , 34457 1910 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1910 6 , , , 34457 1910 7 have have VBP 34457 1910 8 a a DT 34457 1910 9 definite definite JJ 34457 1910 10 melting melting NN 34457 1910 11 point point NN 34457 1910 12 . . . 34457 1911 1 For for IN 34457 1911 2 the the DT 34457 1911 3 purpose purpose NN 34457 1911 4 of of IN 34457 1911 5 studying study VBG 34457 1911 6 the the DT 34457 1911 7 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1911 8 of of IN 34457 1911 9 such such JJ 34457 1911 10 salt salt NN 34457 1911 11 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1911 12 , , , 34457 1911 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1911 14 shall shall MD 34457 1911 15 choose choose VB 34457 1911 16 not not RB 34457 1911 17 the the DT 34457 1911 18 cases case NNS 34457 1911 19 which which WDT 34457 1911 20 have have VBP 34457 1911 21 just just RB 34457 1911 22 been be VBN 34457 1911 23 mentioned mention VBN 34457 1911 24 , , , 34457 1911 25 but but CC 34457 1911 26 two two CD 34457 1911 27 others other NNS 34457 1911 28 which which WDT 34457 1911 29 have have VBP 34457 1911 30 been be VBN 34457 1911 31 more more RBR 34457 1911 32 fully fully RB 34457 1911 33 studied study VBN 34457 1911 34 , , , 34457 1911 35 viz viz NN 34457 1911 36 . . . 34457 1912 1 the the DT 34457 1912 2 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1912 3 of of IN 34457 1912 4 calcium calcium NN 34457 1912 5 chloride chloride NN 34457 1912 6 and and CC 34457 1912 7 of of IN 34457 1912 8 ferric ferric JJ 34457 1912 9 chloride chloride NN 34457 1912 10 . . . 34457 1913 1 Solubility solubility NN 34457 1913 2 Curve Curve NNP 34457 1913 3 of of IN 34457 1913 4 Calcium Calcium NNP 34457 1913 5 Chloride Chloride NNP 34457 1913 6 Hexahydrate Hexahydrate NNP 34457 1913 7 . . . 34457 1914 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1914 2 224]--Although 224]--although CD 34457 1914 3 calcium calcium NN 34457 1914 4 chloride chloride NN 34457 1914 5 forms form NNS 34457 1914 6 several several JJ 34457 1914 7 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1914 8 , , , 34457 1914 9 each each DT 34457 1914 10 of of IN 34457 1914 11 which which WDT 34457 1914 12 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1914 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1914 14 own own JJ 34457 1914 15 solubility solubility NN 34457 1914 16 , , , 34457 1914 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1914 18 is be VBZ 34457 1914 19 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1914 20 the the DT 34457 1914 21 solubility solubility NN 34457 1914 22 curve curve NN 34457 1914 23 of of IN 34457 1914 24 the the DT 34457 1914 25 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1914 26 which which WDT 34457 1914 27 will will MD 34457 1914 28 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 1914 29 interest interest VB 34457 1914 30 us -PRON- PRP 34457 1914 31 at at IN 34457 1914 32 present present JJ 34457 1914 33 , , , 34457 1914 34 and and CC 34457 1914 35 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1914 36 shall shall MD 34457 1914 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 1914 38 first first RB 34457 1914 39 discuss discuss VB 34457 1914 40 that that DT 34457 1914 41 curve curve NN 34457 1914 42 by by IN 34457 1914 43 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 1914 44 . . . 34457 1915 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1915 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1915 3 : : : 34457 1915 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1915 5 . . . 34457 1916 1 37 37 CD 34457 1916 2 . . . 34457 1916 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1917 1 The the DT 34457 1917 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1917 3 of of IN 34457 1917 4 this this DT 34457 1917 5 salt salt NN 34457 1917 6 has have VBZ 34457 1917 7 been be VBN 34457 1917 8 determined determine VBN 34457 1917 9 from from IN 34457 1917 10 the the DT 34457 1917 11 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 1917 12 point point NN 34457 1917 13 , , , 34457 1917 14 which which WDT 34457 1917 15 lies lie VBZ 34457 1917 16 at at IN 34457 1917 17 about about IN 34457 1917 18 -55 -55 NNP 34457 1917 19 ° ° NNP 34457 1917 20 , , , 34457 1917 21 up up IN 34457 1917 22 to to IN 34457 1917 23 the the DT 34457 1917 24 melting melting NN 34457 1917 25 point point NN 34457 1917 26 of of IN 34457 1917 27 the the DT 34457 1917 28 salt salt NN 34457 1917 29 . . . 34457 1918 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1918 2 225 225 CD 34457 1918 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1918 4 The the DT 34457 1918 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 1918 6 increases increase VBZ 34457 1918 7 with with IN 34457 1918 8 rise rise NN 34457 1918 9 of of IN 34457 1918 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 1918 11 , , , 34457 1918 12 as as IN 34457 1918 13 is be VBZ 34457 1918 14 shown show VBN 34457 1918 15 by by IN 34457 1918 16 the the DT 34457 1918 17 figures figure NNS 34457 1918 18 in in IN 34457 1918 19 the the DT 34457 1918 20 following follow VBG 34457 1918 21 table table NN 34457 1918 22 , , , 34457 1918 23 and and CC 34457 1918 24 by by IN 34457 1918 25 the the DT 34457 1918 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1918 27 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 34457 1918 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1918 29 curve curve NN 34457 1918 30 AB AB NNP 34457 1918 31 in in IN 34457 1918 32 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1918 33 . . . 34457 1919 1 37 37 CD 34457 1919 2 . . . 34457 1920 1 In in IN 34457 1920 2 the the DT 34457 1920 3 table table NN 34457 1920 4 , , , 34457 1920 5 the the DT 34457 1920 6 numbers number NNS 34457 1920 7 under under IN 34457 1920 8 the the DT 34457 1920 9 heading head VBG 34457 1920 10 " " `` 34457 1920 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 1920 12 " " '' 34457 1920 13 denote denote VB 34457 1920 14 the the DT 34457 1920 15 number number NN 34457 1920 16 of of IN 34457 1920 17 grams gram NNS 34457 1920 18 of of IN 34457 1920 19 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1920 20 } } -RRB- 34457 1920 21 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 1920 22 in in IN 34457 1920 23 100 100 CD 34457 1920 24 grams gram NNS 34457 1920 25 { { -LRB- 34457 1920 26 146 146 CD 34457 1920 27 } } -RRB- 34457 1920 28 of of IN 34457 1920 29 water water NN 34457 1920 30 ; ; : 34457 1920 31 those those DT 34457 1920 32 under under IN 34457 1920 33 the the DT 34457 1920 34 heading head VBG 34457 1920 35 " " `` 34457 1920 36 composition composition NN 34457 1920 37 , , , 34457 1920 38 " " '' 34457 1920 39 the the DT 34457 1920 40 number number NN 34457 1920 41 of of IN 34457 1920 42 gram gram NN 34457 1920 43 - - HYPH 34457 1920 44 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1920 45 of of IN 34457 1920 46 water water NN 34457 1920 47 in in IN 34457 1920 48 the the DT 34457 1920 49 solution solution NN 34457 1920 50 to to IN 34457 1920 51 one one CD 34457 1920 52 gram gram NN 34457 1920 53 - - HYPH 34457 1920 54 molecule molecule NN 34457 1920 55 of of IN 34457 1920 56 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1920 57 } } -RRB- 34457 1920 58 . . . 34457 1921 1 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 1921 2 OF of IN 34457 1921 3 CALCIUM CALCIUM NNP 34457 1921 4 CHLORIDE CHLORIDE NNP 34457 1921 5 HEXAHYDRATE HEXAHYDRATE NNP 34457 1921 6 . . . 34457 1922 1 ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1922 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1922 3 . . . 34457 1923 1 | | NNP 34457 1923 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 1923 3 . . . 34457 1924 1 | | NNP 34457 1924 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 1924 3 . . . 34457 1925 1 ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1925 2 -55 -55 NNPS 34457 1925 3 ° ° NNP 34457 1925 4 | | NNP 34457 1925 5 42.5 42.5 CD 34457 1925 6 | | CD 34457 1925 7 14.5 14.5 CD 34457 1925 8 -25 -25â CD 34457 1925 9 ° ° NNS 34457 1925 10 | | NNP 34457 1925 11 50.0 50.0 CD 34457 1925 12 | | CD 34457 1925 13 12.3 12.3 CD 34457 1925 14 -10 -10 NNP 34457 1925 15 ° ° , 34457 1925 16 | | NNP 34457 1925 17 55.0 55.0 CD 34457 1925 18 | | CD 34457 1925 19 11.2 11.2 CD 34457 1925 20 0 0â NN 34457 1925 21 ° ° , 34457 1925 22 | | CD 34457 1925 23 59.5 59.5 CD 34457 1925 24 | | CD 34457 1925 25 10.37 10.37 CD 34457 1925 26 10 10 NNPS 34457 1925 27 ° ° , 34457 1925 28 | | NNP 34457 1925 29 65.0 65.0 CD 34457 1925 30 | | CD 34457 1925 31 9.49 9.49 CD 34457 1925 32 20 20â CD 34457 1925 33 ° ° , 34457 1925 34 | | NNP 34457 1925 35 74.5 74.5 CD 34457 1925 36 | | CD 34457 1925 37 8.28 8.28 CD 34457 1925 38 25 25â CD 34457 1925 39 ° ° , 34457 1925 40 | | CD 34457 1925 41 82.0 82.0 CD 34457 1925 42 | | CD 34457 1925 43 7.52 7.52 CD 34457 1925 44 28.5 28.5â CD 34457 1925 45 ° ° , 34457 1925 46 | | NNP 34457 1925 47 90.5 90.5 CD 34457 1925 48 | | CD 34457 1925 49 6.81 6.81 CD 34457 1925 50 29.5 29.5â CD 34457 1925 51 ° ° , 34457 1925 52 | | NNP 34457 1925 53 95.5 95.5 CD 34457 1925 54 | | CD 34457 1925 55 6.46 6.46 CD 34457 1925 56 30.2 30.2â CD 34457 1925 57 ° ° , 34457 1925 58 | | CD 34457 1925 59 102.7 102.7 CD 34457 1925 60 | | CD 34457 1925 61 6.00 6.00 CD 34457 1925 62 29.6 29.6â CD 34457 1925 63 ° ° , 34457 1925 64 | | CD 34457 1925 65 109.0 109.0 CD 34457 1925 66 | | CD 34457 1925 67 5.70 5.70 CD 34457 1925 68 29.2 29.2â CD 34457 1925 69 ° ° , 34457 1925 70 | | NNP 34457 1925 71 112.8 112.8 CD 34457 1925 72 | | CD 34457 1925 73 5.41 5.41 CD 34457 1925 74 ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- NFP 34457 1925 75 So so RB 34457 1925 76 far far RB 34457 1925 77 as as IN 34457 1925 78 the the DT 34457 1925 79 first first JJ 34457 1925 80 portion portion NN 34457 1925 81 of of IN 34457 1925 82 the the DT 34457 1925 83 curve curve NN 34457 1925 84 is be VBZ 34457 1925 85 concerned concern VBN 34457 1925 86 , , , 34457 1925 87 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1925 88 resembles resemble VBZ 34457 1925 89 the the DT 34457 1925 90 most most RBS 34457 1925 91 general general JJ 34457 1925 92 type type NN 34457 1925 93 of of IN 34457 1925 94 solubility solubility NN 34457 1925 95 curve curve NN 34457 1925 96 . . . 34457 1926 1 In in IN 34457 1926 2 the the DT 34457 1926 3 present present JJ 34457 1926 4 case case NN 34457 1926 5 the the DT 34457 1926 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1926 7 is be VBZ 34457 1926 8 so so RB 34457 1926 9 great great JJ 34457 1926 10 and and CC 34457 1926 11 increases increase NNS 34457 1926 12 so so RB 34457 1926 13 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 1926 14 with with IN 34457 1926 15 rise rise NN 34457 1926 16 of of IN 34457 1926 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 1926 18 , , , 34457 1926 19 that that IN 34457 1926 20 a a DT 34457 1926 21 point point NN 34457 1926 22 is be VBZ 34457 1926 23 reached reach VBN 34457 1926 24 at at IN 34457 1926 25 which which WDT 34457 1926 26 the the DT 34457 1926 27 water water NN 34457 1926 28 of of IN 34457 1926 29 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1926 30 of of IN 34457 1926 31 the the DT 34457 1926 32 salt salt NN 34457 1926 33 is be VBZ 34457 1926 34 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 1926 35 for for IN 34457 1926 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1926 37 complete complete JJ 34457 1926 38 solution solution NN 34457 1926 39 . . . 34457 1927 1 This this DT 34457 1927 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1927 3 is be VBZ 34457 1927 4 30.2 30.2â CD 34457 1927 5 ° ° NNS 34457 1927 6 ; ; , 34457 1927 7 and and CC 34457 1927 8 since since IN 34457 1927 9 the the DT 34457 1927 10 composition composition NN 34457 1927 11 of of IN 34457 1927 12 the the DT 34457 1927 13 solution solution NN 34457 1927 14 is be VBZ 34457 1927 15 the the DT 34457 1927 16 same same JJ 34457 1927 17 as as IN 34457 1927 18 that that DT 34457 1927 19 of of IN 34457 1927 20 the the DT 34457 1927 21 solid solid JJ 34457 1927 22 salt salt NN 34457 1927 23 , , , 34457 1927 24 viz viz NN 34457 1927 25 . . . 34457 1928 1 1 1 CD 34457 1928 2 mol mol NNP 34457 1928 3 . . . 34457 1929 1 of of IN 34457 1929 2 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1929 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1929 4 to to IN 34457 1929 5 6 6 CD 34457 1929 6 mols mol NNS 34457 1929 7 . . . 34457 1930 1 of of IN 34457 1930 2 water water NN 34457 1930 3 , , , 34457 1930 4 this this DT 34457 1930 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 1930 6 must must MD 34457 1930 7 be be VB 34457 1930 8 the the DT 34457 1930 9 melting melting NN 34457 1930 10 point point NN 34457 1930 11 of of IN 34457 1930 12 the the DT 34457 1930 13 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1930 14 . . . 34457 1931 1 At at IN 34457 1931 2 this this DT 34457 1931 3 point point NN 34457 1931 4 the the DT 34457 1931 5 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1931 6 will will MD 34457 1931 7 fuse fuse VB 34457 1931 8 or or CC 34457 1931 9 the the DT 34457 1931 10 solution solution NN 34457 1931 11 will will MD 34457 1931 12 solidify solidify VB 34457 1931 13 without without IN 34457 1931 14 change change NN 34457 1931 15 of of IN 34457 1931 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1931 17 and and CC 34457 1931 18 without without IN 34457 1931 19 change change NN 34457 1931 20 of of IN 34457 1931 21 composition composition NN 34457 1931 22 . . . 34457 1932 1 Such such PDT 34457 1932 2 a a DT 34457 1932 3 melting melting NN 34457 1932 4 point point NN 34457 1932 5 is be VBZ 34457 1932 6 called call VBN 34457 1932 7 a a DT 34457 1932 8 _ _ NNP 34457 1932 9 congruent congruent JJ 34457 1932 10 _ _ NNP 34457 1932 11 melting melting NN 34457 1932 12 point point NN 34457 1932 13 . . . 34457 1933 1 But but CC 34457 1933 2 the the DT 34457 1933 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 1933 4 curve curve NN 34457 1933 5 of of IN 34457 1933 6 calcium calcium NN 34457 1933 7 chloride chloride NN 34457 1933 8 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1933 9 differs differ NNS 34457 1933 10 markedly markedly RB 34457 1933 11 from from IN 34457 1933 12 the the DT 34457 1933 13 other other JJ 34457 1933 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 1933 15 curves curve NNS 34457 1933 16 hitherto hitherto NNP 34457 1933 17 considered consider VBD 34457 1933 18 in in IN 34457 1933 19 that that IN 34457 1933 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1933 21 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1933 22 a a DT 34457 1933 23 _ _ NNP 34457 1933 24 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 1933 25 portion portion NN 34457 1933 26 _ _ NNP 34457 1933 27 , , , 34457 1933 28 represented represent VBN 34457 1933 29 in in IN 34457 1933 30 the the DT 34457 1933 31 figure figure NN 34457 1933 32 by by IN 34457 1933 33 BC BC NNP 34457 1933 34 . . . 34457 1934 1 As as IN 34457 1934 2 is be VBZ 34457 1934 3 evident evident JJ 34457 1934 4 from from IN 34457 1934 5 the the DT 34457 1934 6 figure figure NN 34457 1934 7 , , , 34457 1934 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 1934 9 , , , 34457 1934 10 calcium calcium NN 34457 1934 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 1934 12 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1934 13 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 1934 14 the the DT 34457 1934 15 peculiar peculiar JJ 34457 1934 16 and and CC 34457 1934 17 , , , 34457 1934 18 as as IN 34457 1934 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1934 20 was be VBD 34457 1934 21 at at IN 34457 1934 22 first first JJ 34457 1934 23 thought thought NN 34457 1934 24 , , , 34457 1934 25 impossible impossible JJ 34457 1934 26 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1934 27 that that IN 34457 1934 28 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1934 29 can can MD 34457 1934 30 be be VB 34457 1934 31 in in IN 34457 1934 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1934 33 at at IN 34457 1934 34 one one CD 34457 1934 35 and and CC 34457 1934 36 the the DT 34457 1934 37 same same JJ 34457 1934 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 1934 39 with with IN 34457 1934 40 two two CD 34457 1934 41 different different JJ 34457 1934 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 1934 43 , , , 34457 1934 44 one one CD 34457 1934 45 of of IN 34457 1934 46 which which WDT 34457 1934 47 contains contain VBZ 34457 1934 48 more more JJR 34457 1934 49 , , , 34457 1934 50 the the DT 34457 1934 51 other other JJ 34457 1934 52 less less JJR 34457 1934 53 , , , 34457 1934 54 water water NN 34457 1934 55 than than IN 34457 1934 56 the the DT 34457 1934 57 solid solid JJ 34457 1934 58 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1934 59 ; ; : 34457 1934 60 for for IN 34457 1934 61 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1934 62 must must MD 34457 1934 63 be be VB 34457 1934 64 remembered remember VBN 34457 1934 65 that that IN 34457 1934 66 { { -LRB- 34457 1934 67 147 147 CD 34457 1934 68 } } -RRB- 34457 1934 69 throughout throughout IN 34457 1934 70 the the DT 34457 1934 71 whole whole JJ 34457 1934 72 course course NN 34457 1934 73 of of IN 34457 1934 74 the the DT 34457 1934 75 curve curve NN 34457 1934 76 ABC ABC NNP 34457 1934 77 the the DT 34457 1934 78 solid solid JJ 34457 1934 79 phase phase NN 34457 1934 80 present present JJ 34457 1934 81 in in IN 34457 1934 82 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1934 83 with with IN 34457 1934 84 the the DT 34457 1934 85 solution solution NN 34457 1934 86 is be VBZ 34457 1934 87 the the DT 34457 1934 88 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1934 89 . . . 34457 1935 1 Such such PDT 34457 1935 2 a a DT 34457 1935 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1935 4 , , , 34457 1935 5 however however RB 34457 1935 6 , , , 34457 1935 7 on on IN 34457 1935 8 the the DT 34457 1935 9 part part NN 34457 1935 10 of of IN 34457 1935 11 calcium calcium NN 34457 1935 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 1935 13 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1935 14 will will MD 34457 1935 15 appear appear VB 34457 1935 16 less less RBR 34457 1935 17 strange strange JJ 34457 1935 18 if if IN 34457 1935 19 one one PRP 34457 1935 20 reflects reflect VBZ 34457 1935 21 that that IN 34457 1935 22 the the DT 34457 1935 23 melting melting NN 34457 1935 24 point point NN 34457 1935 25 of of IN 34457 1935 26 the the DT 34457 1935 27 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1935 28 will will MD 34457 1935 29 , , , 34457 1935 30 like like IN 34457 1935 31 the the DT 34457 1935 32 melting melting NN 34457 1935 33 point point NN 34457 1935 34 of of IN 34457 1935 35 other other JJ 34457 1935 36 substances substance NNS 34457 1935 37 , , , 34457 1935 38 be be VB 34457 1935 39 lowered lower VBN 34457 1935 40 by by IN 34457 1935 41 the the DT 34457 1935 42 addition addition NN 34457 1935 43 of of IN 34457 1935 44 a a DT 34457 1935 45 second second JJ 34457 1935 46 substance substance NN 34457 1935 47 . . . 34457 1936 1 If if IN 34457 1936 2 , , , 34457 1936 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 1936 4 , , , 34457 1936 5 water water NN 34457 1936 6 is be VBZ 34457 1936 7 added add VBN 34457 1936 8 to to IN 34457 1936 9 the the DT 34457 1936 10 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1936 11 at at IN 34457 1936 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1936 13 melting melting NN 34457 1936 14 point point NN 34457 1936 15 , , , 34457 1936 16 the the DT 34457 1936 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 1936 18 at at IN 34457 1936 19 which which WDT 34457 1936 20 the the DT 34457 1936 21 solid solid JJ 34457 1936 22 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1936 23 will will MD 34457 1936 24 be be VB 34457 1936 25 in in IN 34457 1936 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1936 27 with with IN 34457 1936 28 the the DT 34457 1936 29 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1936 30 phase phase NN 34457 1936 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1936 32 solution solution NN 34457 1936 33 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1936 34 will will MD 34457 1936 35 be be VB 34457 1936 36 lowered lower VBN 34457 1936 37 ; ; : 34457 1936 38 or or CC 34457 1936 39 if if IN 34457 1936 40 , , , 34457 1936 41 on on IN 34457 1936 42 the the DT 34457 1936 43 other other JJ 34457 1936 44 hand hand NN 34457 1936 45 , , , 34457 1936 46 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1936 47 calcium calcium NN 34457 1936 48 chloride chloride NN 34457 1936 49 is be VBZ 34457 1936 50 added add VBN 34457 1936 51 to to IN 34457 1936 52 the the DT 34457 1936 53 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1936 54 at at IN 34457 1936 55 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1936 56 melting melting NN 34457 1936 57 point point NN 34457 1936 58 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1936 59 or or CC 34457 1936 60 what what WP 34457 1936 61 is be VBZ 34457 1936 62 the the DT 34457 1936 63 same same JJ 34457 1936 64 thing thing NN 34457 1936 65 , , , 34457 1936 66 if if IN 34457 1936 67 water water NN 34457 1936 68 is be VBZ 34457 1936 69 removed remove VBN 34457 1936 70 from from IN 34457 1936 71 the the DT 34457 1936 72 solution solution NN 34457 1936 73 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1936 74 , , , 34457 1936 75 the the DT 34457 1936 76 temperature temperature NN 34457 1936 77 at at IN 34457 1936 78 which which WDT 34457 1936 79 the the DT 34457 1936 80 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1936 81 will will MD 34457 1936 82 be be VB 34457 1936 83 in in IN 34457 1936 84 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1936 85 with with IN 34457 1936 86 the the DT 34457 1936 87 liquid liquid NN 34457 1936 88 will will MD 34457 1936 89 also also RB 34457 1936 90 be be VB 34457 1936 91 lowered lower VBN 34457 1936 92 ; ; : 34457 1936 93 _ _ NNP 34457 1936 94 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 1936 95 _ _ NNP 34457 1936 96 the the DT 34457 1936 97 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1936 98 will will MD 34457 1936 99 melt melt VB 34457 1936 100 at at IN 34457 1936 101 a a DT 34457 1936 102 lower low JJR 34457 1936 103 temperature temperature NN 34457 1936 104 . . . 34457 1937 1 In in IN 34457 1937 2 the the DT 34457 1937 3 former former JJ 34457 1937 4 case case NN 34457 1937 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1937 6 have have VBP 34457 1937 7 the the DT 34457 1937 8 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1937 9 in in IN 34457 1937 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1937 11 with with IN 34457 1937 12 a a DT 34457 1937 13 solution solution NN 34457 1937 14 containing contain VBG 34457 1937 15 more more JJR 34457 1937 16 water water NN 34457 1937 17 , , , 34457 1937 18 in in IN 34457 1937 19 the the DT 34457 1937 20 latter latter JJ 34457 1937 21 case case NN 34457 1937 22 with with IN 34457 1937 23 a a DT 34457 1937 24 solution solution NN 34457 1937 25 containing contain VBG 34457 1937 26 less less JJR 34457 1937 27 water water NN 34457 1937 28 than than IN 34457 1937 29 is be VBZ 34457 1937 30 contained contain VBN 34457 1937 31 in in IN 34457 1937 32 the the DT 34457 1937 33 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1937 34 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 1937 35 . . . 34457 1938 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1938 2 has have VBZ 34457 1938 3 already already RB 34457 1938 4 been be VBN 34457 1938 5 stated state VBN 34457 1938 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1938 7 p. p. NN 34457 1938 8 109 109 CD 34457 1938 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1938 10 that that IN 34457 1938 11 the the DT 34457 1938 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 1938 13 curve curve NN 34457 1938 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1938 15 in in IN 34457 1938 16 general general JJ 34457 1938 17 , , , 34457 1938 18 the the DT 34457 1938 19 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1938 20 curve curve NN 34457 1938 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1938 22 is be VBZ 34457 1938 23 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1938 24 so so RB 34457 1938 25 long long RB 34457 1938 26 as as IN 34457 1938 27 the the DT 34457 1938 28 solid solid JJ 34457 1938 29 phase phase NN 34457 1938 30 remains remain VBZ 34457 1938 31 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 1938 32 ; ; : 34457 1938 33 and and CC 34457 1938 34 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1938 35 shall shall MD 34457 1938 36 therefore therefore RB 34457 1938 37 expect expect VB 34457 1938 38 that that IN 34457 1938 39 the the DT 34457 1938 40 curve curve NN 34457 1938 41 ABC ABC NNP 34457 1938 42 will will MD 34457 1938 43 be be VB 34457 1938 44 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1938 45 . . . 34457 1939 1 Formerly formerly RB 34457 1939 2 , , , 34457 1939 3 however however RB 34457 1939 4 , , , 34457 1939 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1939 6 was be VBD 34457 1939 7 considered consider VBN 34457 1939 8 by by IN 34457 1939 9 some some DT 34457 1939 10 that that WDT 34457 1939 11 the the DT 34457 1939 12 curve curve NN 34457 1939 13 was be VBD 34457 1939 14 not not RB 34457 1939 15 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1939 16 , , , 34457 1939 17 but but CC 34457 1939 18 that that IN 34457 1939 19 the the DT 34457 1939 20 melting melting NN 34457 1939 21 point point NN 34457 1939 22 is be VBZ 34457 1939 23 the the DT 34457 1939 24 point point NN 34457 1939 25 of of IN 34457 1939 26 intersection intersection NN 34457 1939 27 of of IN 34457 1939 28 two two CD 34457 1939 29 curves curve NNS 34457 1939 30 , , , 34457 1939 31 a a DT 34457 1939 32 solubility solubility NN 34457 1939 33 curve curve NN 34457 1939 34 and and CC 34457 1939 35 a a DT 34457 1939 36 fusion fusion NN 34457 1939 37 curve curve NN 34457 1939 38 . . . 34457 1940 1 Although although IN 34457 1940 2 the the DT 34457 1940 3 earlier early JJR 34457 1940 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 1940 5 determinations determination NNS 34457 1940 6 were be VBD 34457 1940 7 insufficient insufficient JJ 34457 1940 8 to to TO 34457 1940 9 decide decide VB 34457 1940 10 this this DT 34457 1940 11 point point NN 34457 1940 12 conclusively conclusively RB 34457 1940 13 , , , 34457 1940 14 more more RBR 34457 1940 15 recent recent JJ 34457 1940 16 investigation investigation NN 34457 1940 17 has have VBZ 34457 1940 18 proved prove VBN 34457 1940 19 beyond beyond IN 34457 1940 20 doubt doubt NN 34457 1940 21 that that IN 34457 1940 22 the the DT 34457 1940 23 curve curve NN 34457 1940 24 is be VBZ 34457 1940 25 continuous continuous JJ 34457 1940 26 and and CC 34457 1940 27 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 1940 28 no no DT 34457 1940 29 break break NN 34457 1940 30 . . . 34457 1941 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1941 2 226 226 CD 34457 1941 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1941 4 { { -LRB- 34457 1941 5 148 148 CD 34457 1941 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1941 7 Although although IN 34457 1941 8 in in IN 34457 1941 9 taking take VBG 34457 1941 10 up up RP 34457 1941 11 the the DT 34457 1941 12 discussion discussion NN 34457 1941 13 of of IN 34457 1941 14 the the DT 34457 1941 15 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1941 16 between between IN 34457 1941 17 calcium calcium NN 34457 1941 18 chloride chloride NN 34457 1941 19 and and CC 34457 1941 20 water water NN 34457 1941 21 , , , 34457 1941 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1941 23 was be VBD 34457 1941 24 desired desire VBN 34457 1941 25 especially especially RB 34457 1941 26 to to TO 34457 1941 27 call call VB 34457 1941 28 attention attention NN 34457 1941 29 to to IN 34457 1941 30 the the DT 34457 1941 31 form form NN 34457 1941 32 of of IN 34457 1941 33 the the DT 34457 1941 34 solubility solubility NN 34457 1941 35 curve curve NN 34457 1941 36 in in IN 34457 1941 37 the the DT 34457 1941 38 case case NN 34457 1941 39 of of IN 34457 1941 40 salt salt NN 34457 1941 41 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1941 42 possessing possess VBG 34457 1941 43 a a DT 34457 1941 44 definite definite JJ 34457 1941 45 melting melting NN 34457 1941 46 point point NN 34457 1941 47 , , , 34457 1941 48 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 1941 49 , , , 34457 1941 50 for for IN 34457 1941 51 the the DT 34457 1941 52 sake sake NN 34457 1941 53 of of IN 34457 1941 54 completeness completeness JJ 34457 1941 55 , , , 34457 1941 56 brief brief JJ 34457 1941 57 mention mention NN 34457 1941 58 may may MD 34457 1941 59 be be VB 34457 1941 60 made make VBN 34457 1941 61 of of IN 34457 1941 62 the the DT 34457 1941 63 other other JJ 34457 1941 64 systems system NNS 34457 1941 65 which which WDT 34457 1941 66 these these DT 34457 1941 67 two two CD 34457 1941 68 components component NNS 34457 1941 69 can can MD 34457 1941 70 form form VB 34457 1941 71 . . . 34457 1942 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1942 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1942 3 : : : 34457 1942 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1942 5 . . . 34457 1943 1 38 38 CD 34457 1943 2 . . . 34457 1943 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1944 1 Besides besides IN 34457 1944 2 the the DT 34457 1944 3 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1944 4 , , , 34457 1944 5 the the DT 34457 1944 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1944 7 curve curve NN 34457 1944 8 of of IN 34457 1944 9 which which WDT 34457 1944 10 has have VBZ 34457 1944 11 already already RB 34457 1944 12 been be VBN 34457 1944 13 described describe VBN 34457 1944 14 , , , 34457 1944 15 calcium calcium NN 34457 1944 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 1944 17 can can MD 34457 1944 18 also also RB 34457 1944 19 crystallize crystallize VB 34457 1944 20 in in IN 34457 1944 21 two two CD 34457 1944 22 different different JJ 34457 1944 23 forms form NNS 34457 1944 24 , , , 34457 1944 25 each each DT 34457 1944 26 of of IN 34457 1944 27 which which WDT 34457 1944 28 contains contain VBZ 34457 1944 29 four four CD 34457 1944 30 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1944 31 { { -LRB- 34457 1944 32 149 149 CD 34457 1944 33 } } -RRB- 34457 1944 34 of of IN 34457 1944 35 water water NN 34457 1944 36 of of IN 34457 1944 37 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 1944 38 ; ; , 34457 1944 39 these these DT 34457 1944 40 are be VBP 34457 1944 41 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 1944 42 as as IN 34457 1944 43 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1944 44 alpha]-tetrahydrate alpha]-tetrahydrate CD 34457 1944 45 , , , 34457 1944 46 and and CC 34457 1944 47 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1944 48 beta]-tetrahydrate beta]-tetrahydrate CD 34457 1944 49 . . . 34457 1945 1 Two two CD 34457 1945 2 other other JJ 34457 1945 3 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1945 4 are be VBP 34457 1945 5 also also RB 34457 1945 6 known know VBN 34457 1945 7 , , , 34457 1945 8 viz viz NN 34457 1945 9 . . . 34457 1946 1 a a DT 34457 1946 2 dihydrate dihydrate NN 34457 1946 3 and and CC 34457 1946 4 a a DT 34457 1946 5 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1946 6 . . . 34457 1947 1 The the DT 34457 1947 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1947 3 curves curve VBZ 34457 1947 4 of of IN 34457 1947 5 these these DT 34457 1947 6 different different JJ 34457 1947 7 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1947 8 are be VBP 34457 1947 9 given give VBN 34457 1947 10 in in IN 34457 1947 11 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1947 12 . . . 34457 1948 1 38 38 CD 34457 1948 2 . . . 34457 1949 1 On on IN 34457 1949 2 following follow VBG 34457 1949 3 the the DT 34457 1949 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 1949 5 curve curve NN 34457 1949 6 of of IN 34457 1949 7 the the DT 34457 1949 8 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1949 9 from from IN 34457 1949 10 the the DT 34457 1949 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 1949 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 1949 13 upwards upwards RB 34457 1949 14 , , , 34457 1949 15 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1949 16 is be VBZ 34457 1949 17 seen see VBN 34457 1949 18 that that IN 34457 1949 19 at at IN 34457 1949 20 a a DT 34457 1949 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1949 22 of of IN 34457 1949 23 29.8 29.8â CD 34457 1949 24 ° ° NNS 34457 1949 25 represented represent VBN 34457 1949 26 by by IN 34457 1949 27 the the DT 34457 1949 28 point point NN 34457 1949 29 H h NN 34457 1949 30 , , , 34457 1949 31 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1949 32 cuts cut VBZ 34457 1949 33 the the DT 34457 1949 34 solubility solubility NN 34457 1949 35 curve curve NN 34457 1949 36 of of IN 34457 1949 37 the the DT 34457 1949 38 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1949 39 alpha]-tetrahydrate alpha]-tetrahydrate NNS 34457 1949 40 . . . 34457 1950 1 This this DT 34457 1950 2 point point NN 34457 1950 3 is be VBZ 34457 1950 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1950 5 a a DT 34457 1950 6 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 1950 7 point point NN 34457 1950 8 at at IN 34457 1950 9 which which WDT 34457 1950 10 the the DT 34457 1950 11 four four CD 34457 1950 12 phases phase NNS 34457 1950 13 hexahydrate hexahydrate VBP 34457 1950 14 , , , 34457 1950 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1950 16 alpha]-tetrahydrate alpha]-tetrahydrate NNS 34457 1950 17 , , , 34457 1950 18 solution solution NN 34457 1950 19 , , , 34457 1950 20 and and CC 34457 1950 21 vapour vapour RB 34457 1950 22 can can MD 34457 1950 23 coexist coexist VB 34457 1950 24 . . . 34457 1951 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1951 2 is be VBZ 34457 1951 3 also also RB 34457 1951 4 the the DT 34457 1951 5 transition transition NN 34457 1951 6 point point NN 34457 1951 7 for for IN 34457 1951 8 these these DT 34457 1951 9 two two CD 34457 1951 10 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1951 11 . . . 34457 1952 1 Since since IN 34457 1952 2 , , , 34457 1952 3 at at IN 34457 1952 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1952 5 above above IN 34457 1952 6 29.8 29.8â CD 34457 1952 7 ° ° NNS 34457 1952 8 , , , 34457 1952 9 the the DT 34457 1952 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1952 11 alpha]-tetrahydrate alpha]-tetrahydrate JJ 34457 1952 12 is be VBZ 34457 1952 13 the the DT 34457 1952 14 stable stable JJ 34457 1952 15 form form NN 34457 1952 16 , , , 34457 1952 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1952 18 is be VBZ 34457 1952 19 evident evident JJ 34457 1952 20 from from IN 34457 1952 21 the the DT 34457 1952 22 data datum NNS 34457 1952 23 given give VBN 34457 1952 24 before before IN 34457 1952 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1952 26 p. p. NN 34457 1952 27 146 146 CD 34457 1952 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1952 29 , , , 34457 1952 30 as as IN 34457 1952 31 also also RB 34457 1952 32 from from IN 34457 1952 33 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1952 34 . . . 34457 1953 1 38 38 CD 34457 1953 2 , , , 34457 1953 3 that that IN 34457 1953 4 the the DT 34457 1953 5 portion portion NN 34457 1953 6 of of IN 34457 1953 7 the the DT 34457 1953 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 1953 9 curve curve NN 34457 1953 10 of of IN 34457 1953 11 the the DT 34457 1953 12 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1953 13 lying lie VBG 34457 1953 14 above above IN 34457 1953 15 this this DT 34457 1953 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 1953 17 represents represent VBZ 34457 1953 18 _ _ NNP 34457 1953 19 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1953 20 _ _ NNP 34457 1953 21 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1953 22 . . . 34457 1954 1 The the DT 34457 1954 2 realization realization NN 34457 1954 3 of of IN 34457 1954 4 the the DT 34457 1954 5 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1954 6 melting melting NN 34457 1954 7 point point NN 34457 1954 8 of of IN 34457 1954 9 the the DT 34457 1954 10 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1954 11 is be VBZ 34457 1954 12 , , , 34457 1954 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 1954 14 , , , 34457 1954 15 due due JJ 34457 1954 16 to to IN 34457 1954 17 suspended suspend VBN 34457 1954 18 transformation transformation NN 34457 1954 19 . . . 34457 1955 1 At at IN 34457 1955 2 the the DT 34457 1955 3 transition transition NN 34457 1955 4 point point NN 34457 1955 5 , , , 34457 1955 6 29.8 29.8â CD 34457 1955 7 ° ° NNS 34457 1955 8 , , , 34457 1955 9 the the DT 34457 1955 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 1955 11 of of IN 34457 1955 12 the the DT 34457 1955 13 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1955 14 and and CC 34457 1955 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1955 16 alpha]-tetrahydrate alpha]-tetrahydrate JJ 34457 1955 17 is be VBZ 34457 1955 18 100.6 100.6 CD 34457 1955 19 parts part NNS 34457 1955 20 of of IN 34457 1955 21 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1955 22 } } -RRB- 34457 1955 23 in in IN 34457 1955 24 100 100 CD 34457 1955 25 parts part NNS 34457 1955 26 of of IN 34457 1955 27 water water NN 34457 1955 28 . . . 34457 1956 1 The the DT 34457 1956 2 retroflex retroflex JJ 34457 1956 3 portion portion NN 34457 1956 4 of of IN 34457 1956 5 the the DT 34457 1956 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1956 7 curve curve NN 34457 1956 8 of of IN 34457 1956 9 the the DT 34457 1956 10 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1956 11 extends extend VBZ 34457 1956 12 to to IN 34457 1956 13 only only RB 34457 1956 14 1 1â VB 34457 1956 15 ° ° NNS 34457 1956 16 below below IN 34457 1956 17 the the DT 34457 1956 18 melting melting NN 34457 1956 19 point point NN 34457 1956 20 of of IN 34457 1956 21 the the DT 34457 1956 22 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1956 23 . . . 34457 1957 1 At at IN 34457 1957 2 29.2 29.2â CD 34457 1957 3 ° ° NNS 34457 1957 4 crystals crystal NNS 34457 1957 5 of of IN 34457 1957 6 a a DT 34457 1957 7 new new JJ 34457 1957 8 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1957 9 , , , 34457 1957 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1957 11 beta]-tetrahydrate beta]-tetrahydrate NNP 34457 1957 12 , , , 34457 1957 13 separate separate VB 34457 1957 14 out out RP 34457 1957 15 , , , 34457 1957 16 and and CC 34457 1957 17 the the DT 34457 1957 18 solution solution NN 34457 1957 19 , , , 34457 1957 20 which which WDT 34457 1957 21 now now RB 34457 1957 22 contains contain VBZ 34457 1957 23 112.8 112.8 CD 34457 1957 24 parts part NNS 34457 1957 25 of of IN 34457 1957 26 CaCl_{2 CaCl_{2 NNP 34457 1957 27 } } -RRB- 34457 1957 28 to to IN 34457 1957 29 100 100 CD 34457 1957 30 parts part NNS 34457 1957 31 of of IN 34457 1957 32 water water NN 34457 1957 33 , , , 34457 1957 34 is be VBZ 34457 1957 35 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1957 36 with with IN 34457 1957 37 respect respect NN 34457 1957 38 to to IN 34457 1957 39 the the DT 34457 1957 40 two two CD 34457 1957 41 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1957 42 . . . 34457 1958 1 Throughout throughout IN 34457 1958 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1958 3 whole whole JJ 34457 1958 4 extent extent NN 34457 1958 5 the the DT 34457 1958 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1958 7 curve curve NN 34457 1958 8 EDF EDF NNP 34457 1958 9 of of IN 34457 1958 10 the the DT 34457 1958 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1958 12 beta]-tetrahydrate beta]-tetrahydrate NNP 34457 1958 13 represents represent VBZ 34457 1958 14 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1958 15 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1958 16 . . . 34457 1959 1 The the DT 34457 1959 2 upper upper JJ 34457 1959 3 limit limit NN 34457 1959 4 of of IN 34457 1959 5 the the DT 34457 1959 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1959 7 curve curve NN 34457 1959 8 of of IN 34457 1959 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1959 10 beta]-tetrahydrate beta]-tetrahydrate CD 34457 1959 11 is be VBZ 34457 1959 12 reached reach VBN 34457 1959 13 at at IN 34457 1959 14 38.4 38.4â CD 34457 1959 15 ° ° , 34457 1959 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1959 17 F F NNP 34457 1959 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1959 19 , , , 34457 1959 20 the the DT 34457 1959 21 point point NN 34457 1959 22 of of IN 34457 1959 23 intersection intersection NN 34457 1959 24 with with IN 34457 1959 25 the the DT 34457 1959 26 curve curve NN 34457 1959 27 for for IN 34457 1959 28 the the DT 34457 1959 29 dihydrate dihydrate NN 34457 1959 30 . . . 34457 1960 1 Above above IN 34457 1960 2 29.8 29.8â CD 34457 1960 3 ° ° , 34457 1960 4 the the DT 34457 1960 5 stable stable JJ 34457 1960 6 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1960 7 is be VBZ 34457 1960 8 the the DT 34457 1960 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1960 10 alpha]-tetrahydrate alpha]-tetrahydrate JJ 34457 1960 11 ; ; : 34457 1960 12 and and CC 34457 1960 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1960 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 1960 15 curve curve NN 34457 1960 16 extends extend VBZ 34457 1960 17 to to IN 34457 1960 18 45.3 45.3â CD 34457 1960 19 ° ° NNS 34457 1960 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1960 21 K K NNP 34457 1960 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1960 23 , , , 34457 1960 24 at at IN 34457 1960 25 which which WDT 34457 1960 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 1960 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1960 28 cuts cut VBZ 34457 1960 29 the the DT 34457 1960 30 solubility solubility NN 34457 1960 31 curve curve NN 34457 1960 32 of of IN 34457 1960 33 the the DT 34457 1960 34 dihydrate dihydrate NN 34457 1960 35 . . . 34457 1961 1 The the DT 34457 1961 2 curve curve NN 34457 1961 3 of of IN 34457 1961 4 the the DT 34457 1961 5 latter latter JJ 34457 1961 6 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1961 7 extends extend VBZ 34457 1961 8 to to IN 34457 1961 9 175.5 175.5â CD 34457 1961 10 ° ° NNS 34457 1961 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1961 12 L L NNP 34457 1961 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1961 14 , , , 34457 1961 15 and and CC 34457 1961 16 is be VBZ 34457 1961 17 then then RB 34457 1961 18 succeeded succeed VBN 34457 1961 19 by by IN 34457 1961 20 the the DT 34457 1961 21 curve curve NN 34457 1961 22 for for IN 34457 1961 23 the the DT 34457 1961 24 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 1961 25 . . . 34457 1962 1 The the DT 34457 1962 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 1962 3 curve curve NN 34457 1962 4 of of IN 34457 1962 5 the the DT 34457 1962 6 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 1962 7 salt salt NN 34457 1962 8 does do VBZ 34457 1962 9 not not RB 34457 1962 10 begin begin VB 34457 1962 11 until until IN 34457 1962 12 a a DT 34457 1962 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 1962 14 of of IN 34457 1962 15 about about RB 34457 1962 16 260 260â CD 34457 1962 17 ° ° NNS 34457 1962 18 . . . 34457 1963 1 The the DT 34457 1963 2 whole whole JJ 34457 1963 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 1963 4 , , , 34457 1963 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 1963 6 , , , 34457 1963 7 shows show VBZ 34457 1963 8 a a DT 34457 1963 9 succession succession NN 34457 1963 10 of of IN 34457 1963 11 stable stable JJ 34457 1963 12 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1963 13 , , , 34457 1963 14 a a DT 34457 1963 15 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1963 16 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 1963 17 , , , 34457 1963 18 a a DT 34457 1963 19 metastable metastable JJ 34457 1963 20 melting melting NN 34457 1963 21 point point NN 34457 1963 22 and and CC 34457 1963 23 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 1963 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 1963 25 curve curve NN 34457 1963 26 . . . 34457 1964 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1964 2 150 150 CD 34457 1964 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1964 4 Pressure pressure NN 34457 1964 5 - - HYPH 34457 1964 6 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1964 7 Diagram.--The diagram.--the DT 34457 1964 8 complete complete JJ 34457 1964 9 study study NN 34457 1964 10 of of IN 34457 1964 11 the the DT 34457 1964 12 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 1964 13 between between IN 34457 1964 14 the the DT 34457 1964 15 two two CD 34457 1964 16 components component NNS 34457 1964 17 calcium calcium NN 34457 1964 18 chloride chloride NN 34457 1964 19 and and CC 34457 1964 20 water water NN 34457 1964 21 would would MD 34457 1964 22 require require VB 34457 1964 23 the the DT 34457 1964 24 discussion discussion NN 34457 1964 25 of of IN 34457 1964 26 the the DT 34457 1964 27 vapour vapour JJ 34457 1964 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 1964 29 of of IN 34457 1964 30 the the DT 34457 1964 31 different different JJ 34457 1964 32 systems system NNS 34457 1964 33 , , , 34457 1964 34 and and CC 34457 1964 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1964 36 variation variation NN 34457 1964 37 with with IN 34457 1964 38 the the DT 34457 1964 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 1964 40 . . . 34457 1965 1 For for IN 34457 1965 2 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 1965 3 present present JJ 34457 1965 4 purpose purpose NN 34457 1965 5 , , , 34457 1965 6 however however RB 34457 1965 7 , , , 34457 1965 8 such such PDT 34457 1965 9 a a DT 34457 1965 10 discussion discussion NN 34457 1965 11 would would MD 34457 1965 12 not not RB 34457 1965 13 be be VB 34457 1965 14 of of IN 34457 1965 15 great great JJ 34457 1965 16 value value NN 34457 1965 17 , , , 34457 1965 18 and and CC 34457 1965 19 will will MD 34457 1965 20 therefore therefore RB 34457 1965 21 be be VB 34457 1965 22 omitted omit VBN 34457 1965 23 here here RB 34457 1965 24 ; ; : 34457 1965 25 in in IN 34457 1965 26 general general JJ 34457 1965 27 , , , 34457 1965 28 the the DT 34457 1965 29 same same JJ 34457 1965 30 relationships relationship NNS 34457 1965 31 would would MD 34457 1965 32 be be VB 34457 1965 33 found find VBN 34457 1965 34 as as IN 34457 1965 35 in in IN 34457 1965 36 the the DT 34457 1965 37 case case NN 34457 1965 38 of of IN 34457 1965 39 sodium sodium NN 34457 1965 40 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1965 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1965 42 p. p. NN 34457 1965 43 138 138 CD 34457 1965 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1965 45 , , , 34457 1965 46 except except IN 34457 1965 47 that that IN 34457 1965 48 the the DT 34457 1965 49 rounded round VBN 34457 1965 50 portion portion NN 34457 1965 51 of of IN 34457 1965 52 the the DT 34457 1965 53 solubility solubility NN 34457 1965 54 curve curve NN 34457 1965 55 of of IN 34457 1965 56 the the DT 34457 1965 57 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1965 58 would would MD 34457 1965 59 be be VB 34457 1965 60 represented represent VBN 34457 1965 61 by by IN 34457 1965 62 a a DT 34457 1965 63 similar similar JJ 34457 1965 64 rounded rounded JJ 34457 1965 65 portion portion NN 34457 1965 66 in in IN 34457 1965 67 the the DT 34457 1965 68 pressure pressure NN 34457 1965 69 curve curve NN 34457 1965 70 . . . 34457 1966 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1966 2 227 227 CD 34457 1966 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1966 4 As as IN 34457 1966 5 in in IN 34457 1966 6 the the DT 34457 1966 7 case case NN 34457 1966 8 of of IN 34457 1966 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 1966 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 1966 11 , , , 34457 1966 12 the the DT 34457 1966 13 transition transition NN 34457 1966 14 points point NNS 34457 1966 15 of of IN 34457 1966 16 the the DT 34457 1966 17 different different JJ 34457 1966 18 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1966 19 would would MD 34457 1966 20 be be VB 34457 1966 21 indicated indicate VBN 34457 1966 22 by by IN 34457 1966 23 breaks break NNS 34457 1966 24 in in IN 34457 1966 25 the the DT 34457 1966 26 curve curve NN 34457 1966 27 of of IN 34457 1966 28 pressures pressure NNS 34457 1966 29 . . . 34457 1967 1 Finally finally RB 34457 1967 2 , , , 34457 1967 3 mention mention NN 34457 1967 4 may may MD 34457 1967 5 again again RB 34457 1967 6 be be VB 34457 1967 7 made make VBN 34457 1967 8 of of IN 34457 1967 9 the the DT 34457 1967 10 difference difference NN 34457 1967 11 of of IN 34457 1967 12 the the DT 34457 1967 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 1967 14 of of IN 34457 1967 15 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 1967 16 of of IN 34457 1967 17 the the DT 34457 1967 18 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1967 19 according accord VBG 34457 1967 20 as as IN 34457 1967 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1967 22 becomes become VBZ 34457 1967 23 dehydrated dehydrate VBN 34457 1967 24 to to IN 34457 1967 25 the the DT 34457 1967 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1967 27 alpha]- alpha]- NN 34457 1967 28 or or CC 34457 1967 29 the the DT 34457 1967 30 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1967 31 beta]-tetrahydrate beta]-tetrahydrate NN 34457 1967 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1967 33 p. p. NN 34457 1967 34 88 88 CD 34457 1967 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1967 36 . . . 34457 1968 1 The the DT 34457 1968 2 Indifferent indifferent JJ 34457 1968 3 Point.--We Point.--We NNP 34457 1968 4 have have VBP 34457 1968 5 already already RB 34457 1968 6 seen see VBN 34457 1968 7 that that IN 34457 1968 8 at at IN 34457 1968 9 30.2 30.2â CD 34457 1968 10 ° ° , 34457 1968 11 calcium calcium NN 34457 1968 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 1968 13 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1968 14 melts melt NNS 34457 1968 15 congruently congruently RB 34457 1968 16 , , , 34457 1968 17 and and CC 34457 1968 18 that that IN 34457 1968 19 , , , 34457 1968 20 provided provide VBD 34457 1968 21 the the DT 34457 1968 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 1968 23 is be VBZ 34457 1968 24 maintained maintain VBN 34457 1968 25 constant constant JJ 34457 1968 26 , , , 34457 1968 27 addition addition NN 34457 1968 28 or or CC 34457 1968 29 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 1968 30 of of IN 34457 1968 31 heat heat NN 34457 1968 32 will will MD 34457 1968 33 cause cause VB 34457 1968 34 the the DT 34457 1968 35 complete complete JJ 34457 1968 36 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 1968 37 or or CC 34457 1968 38 solidification solidification NN 34457 1968 39 , , , 34457 1968 40 without without IN 34457 1968 41 the the DT 34457 1968 42 temperature temperature NN 34457 1968 43 of of IN 34457 1968 44 the the DT 34457 1968 45 system system NN 34457 1968 46 undergoing undergoing JJ 34457 1968 47 change change NN 34457 1968 48 . . . 34457 1969 1 This this DT 34457 1969 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1969 3 , , , 34457 1969 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 1969 5 , , , 34457 1969 6 is be VBZ 34457 1969 7 similar similar JJ 34457 1969 8 to to IN 34457 1969 9 , , , 34457 1969 10 but but CC 34457 1969 11 is be VBZ 34457 1969 12 not not RB 34457 1969 13 quite quite RB 34457 1969 14 the the DT 34457 1969 15 same same JJ 34457 1969 16 as as IN 34457 1969 17 the the DT 34457 1969 18 fusion fusion NN 34457 1969 19 of of IN 34457 1969 20 a a DT 34457 1969 21 simple simple JJ 34457 1969 22 substance substance NN 34457 1969 23 such such JJ 34457 1969 24 as as IN 34457 1969 25 ice ice NN 34457 1969 26 ; ; : 34457 1969 27 and and CC 34457 1969 28 the the DT 34457 1969 29 difference difference NN 34457 1969 30 is be VBZ 34457 1969 31 due due JJ 34457 1969 32 to to IN 34457 1969 33 the the DT 34457 1969 34 fact fact NN 34457 1969 35 that that IN 34457 1969 36 in in IN 34457 1969 37 the the DT 34457 1969 38 case case NN 34457 1969 39 of of IN 34457 1969 40 the the DT 34457 1969 41 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1969 42 the the DT 34457 1969 43 emission emission NN 34457 1969 44 of of IN 34457 1969 45 vapour vapour NN 34457 1969 46 by by IN 34457 1969 47 the the DT 34457 1969 48 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1969 49 phase phase NN 34457 1969 50 causes cause VBZ 34457 1969 51 an an DT 34457 1969 52 alteration alteration NN 34457 1969 53 in in IN 34457 1969 54 the the DT 34457 1969 55 composition composition NN 34457 1969 56 of of IN 34457 1969 57 the the DT 34457 1969 58 latter latter JJ 34457 1969 59 , , , 34457 1969 60 owing owe VBG 34457 1969 61 to to IN 34457 1969 62 the the DT 34457 1969 63 non non JJ 34457 1969 64 - - JJ 34457 1969 65 volatility volatility NN 34457 1969 66 of of IN 34457 1969 67 the the DT 34457 1969 68 calcium calcium NN 34457 1969 69 chloride chloride NN 34457 1969 70 ; ; : 34457 1969 71 whereas whereas IN 34457 1969 72 in in IN 34457 1969 73 the the DT 34457 1969 74 case case NN 34457 1969 75 of of IN 34457 1969 76 ice ice NN 34457 1969 77 this this DT 34457 1969 78 is be VBZ 34457 1969 79 , , , 34457 1969 80 of of IN 34457 1969 81 course course NN 34457 1969 82 , , , 34457 1969 83 not not RB 34457 1969 84 so so RB 34457 1969 85 . . . 34457 1970 1 Consider consider VB 34457 1970 2 , , , 34457 1970 3 however however RB 34457 1970 4 , , , 34457 1970 5 for for IN 34457 1970 6 the the DT 34457 1970 7 present present NN 34457 1970 8 that that IN 34457 1970 9 the the DT 34457 1970 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 1970 11 phase phase NN 34457 1970 12 is be VBZ 34457 1970 13 absent absent JJ 34457 1970 14 , , , 34457 1970 15 and and CC 34457 1970 16 that that IN 34457 1970 17 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1970 18 are be VBP 34457 1970 19 dealing deal VBG 34457 1970 20 with with IN 34457 1970 21 the the DT 34457 1970 22 two two CD 34457 1970 23 - - HYPH 34457 1970 24 phase phase NN 34457 1970 25 system system NN 34457 1970 26 solid solid JJ 34457 1970 27 -- -- : 34457 1970 28 solution solution NN 34457 1970 29 . . . 34457 1971 1 Then then RB 34457 1971 2 , , , 34457 1971 3 since since IN 34457 1971 4 there there EX 34457 1971 5 are be VBP 34457 1971 6 two two CD 34457 1971 7 components component NNS 34457 1971 8 , , , 34457 1971 9 the the DT 34457 1971 10 system system NN 34457 1971 11 is be VBZ 34457 1971 12 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 1971 13 . . . 34457 1972 1 For for IN 34457 1972 2 any any DT 34457 1972 3 given give VBN 34457 1972 4 value value NN 34457 1972 5 of of IN 34457 1972 6 the the DT 34457 1972 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 1972 8 , , , 34457 1972 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 1972 10 , , , 34457 1972 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1972 12 should should MD 34457 1972 13 expect expect VB 34457 1972 14 that that IN 34457 1972 15 the the DT 34457 1972 16 system system NN 34457 1972 17 could could MD 34457 1972 18 exist exist VB 34457 1972 19 at at IN 34457 1972 20 different different JJ 34457 1972 21 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 1972 22 ; ; : 34457 1972 23 which which WDT 34457 1972 24 , , , 34457 1972 25 indeed indeed RB 34457 1972 26 , , , 34457 1972 27 is be VBZ 34457 1972 28 the the DT 34457 1972 29 case case NN 34457 1972 30 . . . 34457 1973 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 1973 2 has have VBZ 34457 1973 3 , , , 34457 1973 4 however however RB 34457 1973 5 , , , 34457 1973 6 already already RB 34457 1973 7 been be VBN 34457 1973 8 noted note VBN 34457 1973 9 that that IN 34457 1973 10 when when WRB 34457 1973 11 the the DT 34457 1973 12 composition composition NN 34457 1973 13 of of IN 34457 1973 14 the the DT 34457 1973 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1973 16 phase phase NN 34457 1973 17 becomes become VBZ 34457 1973 18 the the DT 34457 1973 19 same same JJ 34457 1973 20 as as IN 34457 1973 21 that that DT 34457 1973 22 of of IN 34457 1973 23 the the DT 34457 1973 24 solid solid JJ 34457 1973 25 , , , 34457 1973 26 the the DT 34457 1973 27 system system NN 34457 1973 28 then then RB 34457 1973 29 behaves behave VBZ 34457 1973 30 as as IN 34457 1973 31 a a DT 34457 1973 32 _ _ NNP 34457 1973 33 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1973 34 _ _ NNP 34457 1973 35 system system NN 34457 1973 36 ; ; : 34457 1973 37 for for IN 34457 1973 38 , , , 34457 1973 39 at at IN 34457 1973 40 a a DT 34457 1973 41 given give VBN 34457 1973 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 1973 43 , , , 34457 1973 44 the the DT 34457 1973 45 system system NN 34457 1973 46 solid solid JJ 34457 1973 47 -- -- : 34457 1973 48 solution solution NN 34457 1973 49 can can MD 34457 1973 50 exist exist VB 34457 1973 51 only only RB 34457 1973 52 at at IN 34457 1973 53 _ _ NNP 34457 1973 54 one one CD 34457 1973 55 _ _ NNP 34457 1973 56 temperature temperature NN 34457 1973 57 , , , 34457 1973 58 change change NN 34457 1973 59 of of IN 34457 1973 60 temperature temperature NN 34457 1973 61 producing produce VBG 34457 1973 62 complete complete JJ 34457 1973 63 transformation transformation NN 34457 1973 64 in in IN 34457 1973 65 { { -LRB- 34457 1973 66 151 151 CD 34457 1973 67 } } -RRB- 34457 1973 68 one one CD 34457 1973 69 or or CC 34457 1973 70 other other JJ 34457 1973 71 direction direction NN 34457 1973 72 . . . 34457 1974 1 _ _ NNP 34457 1974 2 The the DT 34457 1974 3 variability variability NN 34457 1974 4 of of IN 34457 1974 5 the the DT 34457 1974 6 system system NN 34457 1974 7 has have VBZ 34457 1974 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 1974 9 been be VBN 34457 1974 10 diminished diminish VBN 34457 1974 11 . . . 34457 1974 12 _ _ NNP 34457 1974 13 This this DT 34457 1974 14 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1974 15 will will MD 34457 1974 16 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 1974 17 be be VB 34457 1974 18 more more RBR 34457 1974 19 clearly clearly RB 34457 1974 20 understood understand VBN 34457 1974 21 when when WRB 34457 1974 22 one one PRP 34457 1974 23 reflects reflect VBZ 34457 1974 24 that that IN 34457 1974 25 since since IN 34457 1974 26 the the DT 34457 1974 27 composition composition NN 34457 1974 28 of of IN 34457 1974 29 the the DT 34457 1974 30 two two CD 34457 1974 31 phases phase NNS 34457 1974 32 is be VBZ 34457 1974 33 the the DT 34457 1974 34 same same JJ 34457 1974 35 , , , 34457 1974 36 the the DT 34457 1974 37 system system NN 34457 1974 38 may may MD 34457 1974 39 be be VB 34457 1974 40 regarded regard VBN 34457 1974 41 as as IN 34457 1974 42 being be VBG 34457 1974 43 formed form VBN 34457 1974 44 of of IN 34457 1974 45 _ _ NNP 34457 1974 46 one one CD 34457 1974 47 component component NN 34457 1974 48 _ _ NNP 34457 1974 49 , , , 34457 1974 50 just just RB 34457 1974 51 as as IN 34457 1974 52 the the DT 34457 1974 53 system system NN 34457 1974 54 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 1974 55 < < XX 34457 1974 56 -- -- : 34457 1974 57 > > XX 34457 1974 58 NH_{3 nh_{3 NN 34457 1974 59 } } -RRB- 34457 1974 60 + + CC 34457 1974 61 HCl HCl NNS 34457 1974 62 was be VBD 34457 1974 63 regarded regard VBN 34457 1974 64 as as IN 34457 1974 65 being be VBG 34457 1974 66 composed compose VBN 34457 1974 67 of of IN 34457 1974 68 one one CD 34457 1974 69 component component NN 34457 1974 70 when when WRB 34457 1974 71 the the DT 34457 1974 72 vapour vapour NN 34457 1974 73 had have VBD 34457 1974 74 the the DT 34457 1974 75 same same JJ 34457 1974 76 total total JJ 34457 1974 77 composition composition NN 34457 1974 78 as as IN 34457 1974 79 the the DT 34457 1974 80 solid solid JJ 34457 1974 81 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1974 82 p. p. NN 34457 1974 83 13 13 CD 34457 1974 84 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1974 85 . . . 34457 1975 1 One one CD 34457 1975 2 component component NN 34457 1975 3 in in IN 34457 1975 4 two two CD 34457 1975 5 phases phase NNS 34457 1975 6 , , , 34457 1975 7 however however RB 34457 1975 8 , , , 34457 1975 9 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 1975 10 a a DT 34457 1975 11 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1975 12 system system NN 34457 1975 13 , , , 34457 1975 14 and and CC 34457 1975 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1975 16 can can MD 34457 1975 17 therefore therefore RB 34457 1975 18 see see VB 34457 1975 19 that that IN 34457 1975 20 calcium calcium NN 34457 1975 21 chloride chloride NN 34457 1975 22 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 1975 23 in in IN 34457 1975 24 contact contact NN 34457 1975 25 with with IN 34457 1975 26 solution solution NN 34457 1975 27 of of IN 34457 1975 28 the the DT 34457 1975 29 same same JJ 34457 1975 30 composition composition NN 34457 1975 31 will will MD 34457 1975 32 constitute constitute VB 34457 1975 33 a a DT 34457 1975 34 univariant univariant JJ 34457 1975 35 system system NN 34457 1975 36 . . . 34457 1976 1 The the DT 34457 1976 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 1976 3 of of IN 34457 1976 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 1976 5 will will MD 34457 1976 6 , , , 34457 1976 7 however however RB 34457 1976 8 , , , 34457 1976 9 vary vary VBP 34457 1976 10 with with IN 34457 1976 11 the the DT 34457 1976 12 pressure;[228 pressure;[228 NNS 34457 1976 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1976 14 if if IN 34457 1976 15 the the DT 34457 1976 16 latter latter NN 34457 1976 17 is be VBZ 34457 1976 18 constant constant JJ 34457 1976 19 , , , 34457 1976 20 the the DT 34457 1976 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 1976 22 will will MD 34457 1976 23 also also RB 34457 1976 24 be be VB 34457 1976 25 constant constant JJ 34457 1976 26 . . . 34457 1977 1 A a DT 34457 1977 2 point point NN 34457 1977 3 such such JJ 34457 1977 4 as as IN 34457 1977 5 has have VBZ 34457 1977 6 just just RB 34457 1977 7 been be VBN 34457 1977 8 referred refer VBN 34457 1977 9 to to IN 34457 1977 10 , , , 34457 1977 11 which which WDT 34457 1977 12 represents represent VBZ 34457 1977 13 the the DT 34457 1977 14 special special JJ 34457 1977 15 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1977 16 of of IN 34457 1977 17 a a DT 34457 1977 18 system system NN 34457 1977 19 of of IN 34457 1977 20 two two CD 34457 1977 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1977 22 or or CC 34457 1977 23 more more JJR 34457 1977 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1977 25 components component NNS 34457 1977 26 , , , 34457 1977 27 in in IN 34457 1977 28 which which WDT 34457 1977 29 the the DT 34457 1977 30 composition composition NN 34457 1977 31 of of IN 34457 1977 32 two two CD 34457 1977 33 phases phase NNS 34457 1977 34 becomes become VBZ 34457 1977 35 identical identical JJ 34457 1977 36 , , , 34457 1977 37 is be VBZ 34457 1977 38 known know VBN 34457 1977 39 as as IN 34457 1977 40 an an DT 34457 1977 41 _ _ NNP 34457 1977 42 indifferent indifferent JJ 34457 1977 43 point_,[229 point_,[229 NNP 34457 1977 44 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1977 45 and and CC 34457 1977 46 it -PRON- PRP 34457 1977 47 has have VBZ 34457 1977 48 been be VBN 34457 1977 49 shown[230 shown[230 LS 34457 1977 50 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1977 51 that that IN 34457 1977 52 at at IN 34457 1977 53 a a DT 34457 1977 54 given give VBN 34457 1977 55 pressure pressure NN 34457 1977 56 the the DT 34457 1977 57 temperature temperature NN 34457 1977 58 in in IN 34457 1977 59 the the DT 34457 1977 60 indifferent indifferent JJ 34457 1977 61 point point NN 34457 1977 62 is be VBZ 34457 1977 63 the the DT 34457 1977 64 _ _ NNP 34457 1977 65 maximum maximum NN 34457 1977 66 _ _ NNP 34457 1977 67 or or CC 34457 1977 68 _ _ NNP 34457 1977 69 minimum minimum NN 34457 1977 70 _ _ NNP 34457 1977 71 temperature temperature NN 34457 1977 72 possible possible JJ 34457 1977 73 at at IN 34457 1977 74 the the DT 34457 1977 75 particular particular JJ 34457 1977 76 pressure[231 pressure[231 NN 34457 1977 77 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1977 78 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1977 79 cf cf NN 34457 1977 80 . . . 34457 1978 1 critical critical JJ 34457 1978 2 solution solution NN 34457 1978 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 1978 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1978 5 . . . 34457 1979 1 At at IN 34457 1979 2 such such PDT 34457 1979 3 a a DT 34457 1979 4 point point NN 34457 1979 5 a a DT 34457 1979 6 system system NN 34457 1979 7 loses lose VBZ 34457 1979 8 one one CD 34457 1979 9 degree degree NN 34457 1979 10 of of IN 34457 1979 11 freedom freedom NN 34457 1979 12 , , , 34457 1979 13 or or CC 34457 1979 14 behaves behave VBZ 34457 1979 15 like like IN 34457 1979 16 a a DT 34457 1979 17 system system NN 34457 1979 18 of of IN 34457 1979 19 the the DT 34457 1979 20 next next JJ 34457 1979 21 lower low JJR 34457 1979 22 order order NN 34457 1979 23 . . . 34457 1980 1 The the DT 34457 1980 2 Hydrates Hydrates NNPS 34457 1980 3 of of IN 34457 1980 4 Ferric Ferric NNP 34457 1980 5 Chloride.--A chloride.--a NN 34457 1980 6 better well JJR 34457 1980 7 illustration illustration NN 34457 1980 8 of of IN 34457 1980 9 the the DT 34457 1980 10 formation formation NN 34457 1980 11 of of IN 34457 1980 12 compounds compound NNS 34457 1980 13 possessing possess VBG 34457 1980 14 a a DT 34457 1980 15 definite definite JJ 34457 1980 16 melting melting NN 34457 1980 17 point point NN 34457 1980 18 , , , 34457 1980 19 and and CC 34457 1980 20 of of IN 34457 1980 21 the the DT 34457 1980 22 existence existence NN 34457 1980 23 of of IN 34457 1980 24 retroflex retroflex NNP 34457 1980 25 solubility solubility NN 34457 1980 26 curves curve NNS 34457 1980 27 , , , 34457 1980 28 is be VBZ 34457 1980 29 afforded afford VBN 34457 1980 30 by by IN 34457 1980 31 the the DT 34457 1980 32 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1980 33 of of IN 34457 1980 34 ferric ferric NNP 34457 1980 35 chloride chloride NN 34457 1980 36 , , , 34457 1980 37 which which WDT 34457 1980 38 not not RB 34457 1980 39 only only RB 34457 1980 40 possess possess VBP 34457 1980 41 definite definite JJ 34457 1980 42 points point NNS 34457 1980 43 of of IN 34457 1980 44 fusion fusion NN 34457 1980 45 , , , 34457 1980 46 but but CC 34457 1980 47 these these DT 34457 1980 48 melting melt VBG 34457 1980 49 points point NNS 34457 1980 50 are be VBP 34457 1980 51 stable stable JJ 34457 1980 52 . . . 34457 1981 1 A a DT 34457 1981 2 very very RB 34457 1981 3 brief brief JJ 34457 1981 4 description description NN 34457 1981 5 of of IN 34457 1981 6 the the DT 34457 1981 7 relations relation NNS 34457 1981 8 met meet VBD 34457 1981 9 with with IN 34457 1981 10 will will MD 34457 1981 11 suffice suffice VB 34457 1981 12 . . . 34457 1982 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1982 2 232 232 CD 34457 1982 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1982 4 { { -LRB- 34457 1982 5 152 152 CD 34457 1982 6 } } -RRB- 34457 1982 7 Ferric Ferric NNP 34457 1982 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 1982 9 can can MD 34457 1982 10 form form VB 34457 1982 11 no no DT 34457 1982 12 less less JJR 34457 1982 13 than than IN 34457 1982 14 four four CD 34457 1982 15 stable stable JJ 34457 1982 16 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1982 17 , , , 34457 1982 18 viz viz NN 34457 1982 19 . . . 34457 1983 1 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},12H_{2}O fe_{2}cl_{6},12h_{2}o JJ 34457 1983 2 , , , 34457 1983 3 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},7H_{2}O fe_{2}cl_{6},7h_{2}o CD 34457 1983 4 , , , 34457 1983 5 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},5H_{2}O fe_{2}cl_{6},5h_{2}o CD 34457 1983 6 , , , 34457 1983 7 and and CC 34457 1983 8 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},4H_{2}O fe_{2}cl_{6},4h_{2}o CD 34457 1983 9 , , , 34457 1983 10 and and CC 34457 1983 11 each each DT 34457 1983 12 of of IN 34457 1983 13 these these DT 34457 1983 14 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1983 15 possesses possess VBZ 34457 1983 16 a a DT 34457 1983 17 definite definite JJ 34457 1983 18 , , , 34457 1983 19 stable stable JJ 34457 1983 20 melting melting NN 34457 1983 21 point point NN 34457 1983 22 . . . 34457 1984 1 On on IN 34457 1984 2 analogy analogy NN 34457 1984 3 with with IN 34457 1984 4 the the DT 34457 1984 5 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 1984 6 of of IN 34457 1984 7 calcium calcium NN 34457 1984 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 1984 9 , , , 34457 1984 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 1984 11 , , , 34457 1984 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 1984 13 shall shall MD 34457 1984 14 expect expect VB 34457 1984 15 that that IN 34457 1984 16 the the DT 34457 1984 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 1984 18 curves curve NNS 34457 1984 19 of of IN 34457 1984 20 these these DT 34457 1984 21 different different JJ 34457 1984 22 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 1984 23 will will MD 34457 1984 24 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 1984 25 a a DT 34457 1984 26 series series NN 34457 1984 27 of of IN 34457 1984 28 _ _ NNP 34457 1984 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 1984 30 maxima maxima NNP 34457 1984 31 _ _ NNP 34457 1984 32 ; ; : 34457 1984 33 the the DT 34457 1984 34 points point NNS 34457 1984 35 of of IN 34457 1984 36 maximum maximum JJ 34457 1984 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 1984 38 representing represent VBG 34457 1984 39 systems system NNS 34457 1984 40 in in IN 34457 1984 41 which which WDT 34457 1984 42 the the DT 34457 1984 43 composition composition NN 34457 1984 44 of of IN 34457 1984 45 the the DT 34457 1984 46 solid solid JJ 34457 1984 47 and and CC 34457 1984 48 liquid liquid JJ 34457 1984 49 phases phase NNS 34457 1984 50 is be VBZ 34457 1984 51 the the DT 34457 1984 52 same same JJ 34457 1984 53 . . . 34457 1985 1 A a DT 34457 1985 2 graphical graphical JJ 34457 1985 3 representation representation NN 34457 1985 4 of of IN 34457 1985 5 the the DT 34457 1985 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 1985 7 relations relation NNS 34457 1985 8 is be VBZ 34457 1985 9 given give VBN 34457 1985 10 in in IN 34457 1985 11 Fig Fig NNP 34457 1985 12 . . . 34457 1986 1 39 39 CD 34457 1986 2 , , , 34457 1986 3 and and CC 34457 1986 4 the the DT 34457 1986 5 composition composition NN 34457 1986 6 of of IN 34457 1986 7 the the DT 34457 1986 8 different different JJ 34457 1986 9 saturated saturate VBN 34457 1986 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 1986 11 which which WDT 34457 1986 12 can can MD 34457 1986 13 be be VB 34457 1986 14 formed form VBN 34457 1986 15 is be VBZ 34457 1986 16 given give VBN 34457 1986 17 in in IN 34457 1986 18 the the DT 34457 1986 19 following follow VBG 34457 1986 20 tables table NNS 34457 1986 21 , , , 34457 1986 22 the the DT 34457 1986 23 composition composition NN 34457 1986 24 being be VBG 34457 1986 25 expressed express VBN 34457 1986 26 in in IN 34457 1986 27 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1986 28 of of IN 34457 1986 29 Fe_{2}Cl_{6 fe_{2}cl_{6 NN 34457 1986 30 } } -RRB- 34457 1986 31 to to IN 34457 1986 32 100 100 CD 34457 1986 33 molecules molecule NNS 34457 1986 34 of of IN 34457 1986 35 water water NN 34457 1986 36 . . . 34457 1987 1 The the DT 34457 1987 2 figures figure NNS 34457 1987 3 printed print VBN 34457 1987 4 in in IN 34457 1987 5 thick thick JJ 34457 1987 6 type type NN 34457 1987 7 refer refer NN 34457 1987 8 to to IN 34457 1987 9 transition transition NN 34457 1987 10 and and CC 34457 1987 11 melting melt VBG 34457 1987 12 points point NNS 34457 1987 13 . . . 34457 1988 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 1988 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 1988 3 : : : 34457 1988 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 1988 5 . . . 34457 1989 1 39 39 CD 34457 1989 2 . . . 34457 1989 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 1990 1 { { -LRB- 34457 1990 2 153 153 CD 34457 1990 3 } } -RRB- 34457 1990 4 COMPOSITION composition NN 34457 1990 5 OF of IN 34457 1990 6 THE the DT 34457 1990 7 SATURATED saturated JJ 34457 1990 8 SOLUTIONS solutions NN 34457 1990 9 OF of IN 34457 1990 10 FERRIC FERRIC NNP 34457 1990 11 CHLORIDE CHLORIDE NNS 34457 1990 12 AND and CC 34457 1990 13 ITS its PRP$ 34457 1990 14 HYDRATES hydrate NNS 34457 1990 15 . . . 34457 1991 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 1991 2 _ _ NNP 34457 1991 3 The the DT 34457 1991 4 name name NN 34457 1991 5 placed place VBN 34457 1991 6 at at IN 34457 1991 7 the the DT 34457 1991 8 head head NN 34457 1991 9 of of IN 34457 1991 10 each each DT 34457 1991 11 table table NN 34457 1991 12 is be VBZ 34457 1991 13 the the DT 34457 1991 14 solid solid JJ 34457 1991 15 phase phase NN 34457 1991 16 . . . 34457 1991 17 _ _ NNP 34457 1991 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 1991 19 ICE ICE NNP 34457 1991 20 . . . 34457 1992 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 1992 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1992 3 . . . 34457 1993 1 | | NNP 34457 1993 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 1993 3 . . . 34457 1994 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 1994 2 ±-55 ±-55 NNP 34457 1994 3 ° ° , 34457 1994 4 | | NNP 34457 1994 5 ±2.75 â±2.75 NN 34457 1994 6 -40 -40â NN 34457 1994 7 ° ° NNS 34457 1994 8 | | CD 34457 1994 9 2.37 2.37 CD 34457 1994 10 -27.5 -27.5 NNPS 34457 1994 11 ° ° , 34457 1994 12 | | CD 34457 1994 13 1.90 1.90 CD 34457 1994 14 -20.5 -20.5 HYPH 34457 1994 15 ° ° CD 34457 1994 16 | | NNP 34457 1994 17 1.64 1.64 CD 34457 1994 18 -10 -10 NNP 34457 1994 19 ° ° , 34457 1994 20 | | CD 34457 1994 21 1.00 1.00 CD 34457 1994 22 0 0â NN 34457 1994 23 ° ° , 34457 1994 24 | | CD 34457 1994 25 0 0 NFP 34457 1994 26 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 1994 27 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},12H_{2}O. fe_{2}cl_{6},12h_{2}o. NN 34457 1995 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 1995 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1995 3 . . . 34457 1996 1 | | NNP 34457 1996 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 1996 3 . . . 34457 1997 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 1997 2 -55 -55 NNPS 34457 1997 3 ° ° NNS 34457 1997 4 | | NNP 34457 1997 5 ±2.75 ±2.75 NNP 34457 1997 6 -41 -41â NN 34457 1997 7 ° ° NNS 34457 1997 8 | | NNP 34457 1997 9 2.81 2.81 CD 34457 1997 10 -27 -27 NNP 34457 1997 11 ° ° , 34457 1997 12 | | NNP 34457 1997 13 2.98 2.98 CD 34457 1997 14 0 0â NN 34457 1997 15 ° ° , 34457 1997 16 | | NNP 34457 1997 17 4.13 4.13 CD 34457 1997 18 10 10 NNPS 34457 1997 19 ° ° , 34457 1997 20 | | CD 34457 1997 21 4.54 4.54 CD 34457 1997 22 20 20â CD 34457 1997 23 ° ° , 34457 1997 24 | | CD 34457 1997 25 5.10 5.10 CD 34457 1997 26 30 30â CD 34457 1997 27 ° ° , 34457 1997 28 | | CD 34457 1997 29 5.93 5.93 CD 34457 1997 30 35 35 NNP 34457 1997 31 ° ° , 34457 1997 32 | | CD 34457 1997 33 6.78 6.78 CD 34457 1997 34 36.5 36.5â CD 34457 1997 35 ° ° , 34457 1997 36 | | CD 34457 1997 37 7.93 7.93 CD 34457 1997 38 37 37 NNP 34457 1997 39 ° ° , 34457 1997 40 | | CD 34457 1997 41 8.33 8.33 CD 34457 1997 42 36 36 NNP 34457 1997 43 ° ° , 34457 1997 44 | | CD 34457 1997 45 9.29 9.29 CD 34457 1997 46 33 33 NNP 34457 1997 47 ° ° , 34457 1997 48 | | CD 34457 1997 49 10.45 10.45 CD 34457 1997 50 30 30â CD 34457 1997 51 ° ° , 34457 1997 52 | | CD 34457 1997 53 11.20 11.20 CD 34457 1997 54 27·4 27â·4â CD 34457 1997 55 ° ° , 34457 1997 56 | | CD 34457 1997 57 12.15 12.15 CD 34457 1997 58 20 20â CD 34457 1997 59 ° ° , 34457 1997 60 | | CD 34457 1997 61 12.83 12.83 CD 34457 1997 62 10 10 NNPS 34457 1997 63 ° ° , 34457 1997 64 | | CD 34457 1997 65 13.20 13.20 CD 34457 1997 66 8 8 NNS 34457 1997 67 ° ° , 34457 1997 68 | | CD 34457 1997 69 13.70 13.70 CD 34457 1997 70 --------------------------- --------------------------- : 34457 1997 71 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},7H_{2}O. fe_{2}cl_{6},7h_{2}o. NN 34457 1998 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 1998 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 1998 3 . . . 34457 1999 1 | | NNP 34457 1999 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 1999 3 . . . 34457 2000 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2000 2 20 20â CD 34457 2000 3 ° ° , 34457 2000 4 | | CD 34457 2000 5 11.35 11.35 CD 34457 2000 6 27·4 27â·4â CD 34457 2000 7 ° ° , 34457 2000 8 | | CD 34457 2000 9 12.15 12.15 CD 34457 2000 10 32 32â CD 34457 2000 11 ° ° , 34457 2000 12 | | CD 34457 2000 13 13.55 13.55 CD 34457 2000 14 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 2000 15 ° ° , 34457 2000 16 | | NNP 34457 2000 17 14.29 14.29 CD 34457 2000 18 30 30â CD 34457 2000 19 ° ° , 34457 2000 20 | | CD 34457 2000 21 15.12 15.12 CD 34457 2000 22 25 25â CD 34457 2000 23 ° ° , 34457 2000 24 | | CD 34457 2000 25 15.54 15.54 CD 34457 2000 26 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2000 27 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},5H_{2}O. fe_{2}cl_{6},5h_{2}o. NN 34457 2001 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2001 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2001 3 . . . 34457 2002 1 | | NNP 34457 2002 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 2002 3 . . . 34457 2003 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2003 2 20 20â CD 34457 2003 3 ° ° , 34457 2003 4 | | CD 34457 2003 5 11.35 11.35 CD 34457 2003 6 12 12â CD 34457 2003 7 ° ° , 34457 2003 8 | | CD 34457 2003 9 12.87 12.87 CD 34457 2003 10 20 20â CD 34457 2003 11 ° ° , 34457 2003 12 | | CD 34457 2003 13 13.95 13.95 CD 34457 2003 14 27 27â CD 34457 2003 15 ° ° , 34457 2003 16 | | CD 34457 2003 17 14.85 14.85 CD 34457 2003 18 30 30â CD 34457 2003 19 ° ° , 34457 2003 20 | | CD 34457 2003 21 15.12 15.12 CD 34457 2003 22 35 35 NNP 34457 2003 23 ° ° , 34457 2003 24 | | CD 34457 2003 25 15.64 15.64 CD 34457 2003 26 50 50 NNP 34457 2003 27 ° ° , 34457 2003 28 | | CD 34457 2003 29 17.50 17.50 CD 34457 2003 30 55 55 NNP 34457 2003 31 ° ° , 34457 2003 32 | | CD 34457 2003 33 19.15 19.15 CD 34457 2003 34 56 56 NNP 34457 2003 35 ° ° , 34457 2003 36 | | CD 34457 2003 37 20.00 20.00 CD 34457 2003 38 55 55 NNP 34457 2003 39 ° ° , 34457 2003 40 | | CD 34457 2003 41 20.32 20.32 CD 34457 2003 42 --------------------------- --------------------------- CD 34457 2003 43 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},4H_{2}O fe_{2}cl_{6},4h_{2}o CD 34457 2003 44 --------------------------- --------------------------- HYPH 34457 2003 45 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2003 46 . . . 34457 2004 1 | | NNP 34457 2004 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 2004 3 . . . 34457 2005 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2005 2 20 20â CD 34457 2005 3 ° ° , 34457 2005 4 | | CD 34457 2005 5 11.35 11.35 CD 34457 2005 6 50 50 NNP 34457 2005 7 ° ° , 34457 2005 8 | | CD 34457 2005 9 19.96 19.96 CD 34457 2005 10 55 55 NNP 34457 2005 11 ° ° , 34457 2005 12 | | CD 34457 2005 13 20.32 20.32 CD 34457 2005 14 60 60 NNP 34457 2005 15 ° ° , 34457 2005 16 | | CD 34457 2005 17 20.70 20.70 CD 34457 2005 18 69 69â CD 34457 2005 19 ° ° , 34457 2005 20 | | CD 34457 2005 21 21.53 21.53 CD 34457 2005 22 72.5 72.5â CD 34457 2005 23 ° ° , 34457 2005 24 | | CD 34457 2005 25 23.35 23.35 CD 34457 2005 26 73.5 73.5â CD 34457 2005 27 ° ° , 34457 2005 28 | | CD 34457 2005 29 25.00 25.00 CD 34457 2005 30 72.5 72.5â CD 34457 2005 31 ° ° , 34457 2005 32 | | CD 34457 2005 33 26.15 26.15 CD 34457 2005 34 70 70â CD 34457 2005 35 ° ° , 34457 2005 36 | | CD 34457 2005 37 27.90 27.90 CD 34457 2005 38 66 66 NNP 34457 2005 39 ° ° , 34457 2005 40 | | CD 34457 2005 41 29.20 29.20 CD 34457 2005 42 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2005 43 Fe_{2}Cl_{6 fe_{2}cl_{6 CD 34457 2005 44 } } -RRB- 34457 2005 45 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2005 46 ANHYDROUS ANHYDROUS NNP 34457 2005 47 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2005 48 . . . 34457 2006 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2006 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2006 3 . . . 34457 2007 1 | | NNP 34457 2007 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 2007 3 . . . 34457 2008 1 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2008 2 20 20â CD 34457 2008 3 ° ° , 34457 2008 4 | | CD 34457 2008 5 11.35 11.35 CD 34457 2008 6 66 66 NNP 34457 2008 7 ° ° , 34457 2008 8 | | CD 34457 2008 9 29.20 29.20 CD 34457 2008 10 70 70â CD 34457 2008 11 ° ° , 34457 2008 12 | | CD 34457 2008 13 29.42 29.42 CD 34457 2008 14 75 75â CD 34457 2008 15 ° ° , 34457 2008 16 | | CD 34457 2008 17 28.92 28.92 CD 34457 2008 18 80 80â CD 34457 2008 19 ° ° VBD 34457 2008 20 | | CD 34457 2008 21 29.20 29.20 CD 34457 2008 22 100 100â CD 34457 2008 23 ° ° , 34457 2008 24 | | CD 34457 2008 25 29.75 29.75 CD 34457 2008 26 --------------------------- --------------------------- NFP 34457 2008 27 The the DT 34457 2008 28 lowest low JJS 34457 2008 29 portion portion NN 34457 2008 30 of of IN 34457 2008 31 the the DT 34457 2008 32 curve curve NN 34457 2008 33 , , , 34457 2008 34 AB AB NNP 34457 2008 35 , , , 34457 2008 36 represents represent VBZ 34457 2008 37 the the DT 34457 2008 38 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2008 39 between between IN 34457 2008 40 ice ice NN 34457 2008 41 and and CC 34457 2008 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 2008 43 containing contain VBG 34457 2008 44 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2008 45 chloride chloride NN 34457 2008 46 . . . 34457 2009 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2009 2 represents represent VBZ 34457 2009 3 , , , 34457 2009 4 in in IN 34457 2009 5 other other JJ 34457 2009 6 words word NNS 34457 2009 7 , , , 34457 2009 8 the the DT 34457 2009 9 lowering lowering NN 34457 2009 10 of of IN 34457 2009 11 the the DT 34457 2009 12 fusion fusion NN 34457 2009 13 point point NN 34457 2009 14 of of IN 34457 2009 15 ice ice NN 34457 2009 16 by by IN 34457 2009 17 addition addition NN 34457 2009 18 of of IN 34457 2009 19 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2009 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 2009 21 . . . 34457 2010 1 At at IN 34457 2010 2 the the DT 34457 2010 3 point point NN 34457 2010 4 B B NNP 34457 2010 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2010 6 -55 -55 NNP 34457 2010 7 ° ° NNP 34457 2010 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2010 9 , , , 34457 2010 10 the the DT 34457 2010 11 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2010 12 point point NN 34457 2010 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2010 14 p. p. NN 34457 2010 15 117 117 CD 34457 2010 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2010 17 is be VBZ 34457 2010 18 reached reach VBN 34457 2010 19 , , , 34457 2010 20 at at IN 34457 2010 21 which which WDT 34457 2010 22 the the DT 34457 2010 23 solution solution NN 34457 2010 24 is be VBZ 34457 2010 25 in in IN 34457 2010 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2010 27 with with IN 34457 2010 28 ice ice NN 34457 2010 29 and and CC 34457 2010 30 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2010 31 chloride chloride NN 34457 2010 32 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2010 33 . . . 34457 2011 1 As as IN 34457 2011 2 { { -LRB- 34457 2011 3 154 154 CD 34457 2011 4 } } -RRB- 34457 2011 5 has have VBZ 34457 2011 6 already already RB 34457 2011 7 been be VBN 34457 2011 8 shown show VBN 34457 2011 9 , , , 34457 2011 10 such such PDT 34457 2011 11 a a DT 34457 2011 12 point point NN 34457 2011 13 represents represent VBZ 34457 2011 14 an an DT 34457 2011 15 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2011 16 system system NN 34457 2011 17 ; ; : 34457 2011 18 and and CC 34457 2011 19 the the DT 34457 2011 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2011 21 phase phase NN 34457 2011 22 will will MD 34457 2011 23 , , , 34457 2011 24 therefore therefore RB 34457 2011 25 , , , 34457 2011 26 solidify solidify VB 34457 2011 27 to to IN 34457 2011 28 a a DT 34457 2011 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 2011 30 of of IN 34457 2011 31 ice ice NN 34457 2011 32 and and CC 34457 2011 33 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2011 34 without without IN 34457 2011 35 change change NN 34457 2011 36 of of IN 34457 2011 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 2011 38 . . . 34457 2012 1 If if IN 34457 2012 2 heat heat NN 34457 2012 3 is be VBZ 34457 2012 4 added add VBN 34457 2012 5 , , , 34457 2012 6 ice ice NN 34457 2012 7 will will MD 34457 2012 8 melt melt VB 34457 2012 9 and and CC 34457 2012 10 the the DT 34457 2012 11 system system NN 34457 2012 12 will will MD 34457 2012 13 pass pass VB 34457 2012 14 to to IN 34457 2012 15 the the DT 34457 2012 16 curve curve NN 34457 2012 17 BCDN BCDN NNP 34457 2012 18 , , , 34457 2012 19 which which WDT 34457 2012 20 is be VBZ 34457 2012 21 the the DT 34457 2012 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 2012 23 curve curve NN 34457 2012 24 of of IN 34457 2012 25 the the DT 34457 2012 26 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2012 27 . . . 34457 2013 1 At at IN 34457 2013 2 C C NNP 34457 2013 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2013 4 37 37â NN 34457 2013 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2013 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2013 7 , , , 34457 2013 8 the the DT 34457 2013 9 point point NN 34457 2013 10 of of IN 34457 2013 11 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2013 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 2013 13 , , , 34457 2013 14 the the DT 34457 2013 15 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2013 16 melts melt NNS 34457 2013 17 completely completely RB 34457 2013 18 . . . 34457 2014 1 The the DT 34457 2014 2 retroflex retroflex JJ 34457 2014 3 portion portion NN 34457 2014 4 of of IN 34457 2014 5 this this DT 34457 2014 6 curve curve NN 34457 2014 7 can can MD 34457 2014 8 be be VB 34457 2014 9 followed follow VBN 34457 2014 10 backwards backwards RB 34457 2014 11 to to IN 34457 2014 12 a a DT 34457 2014 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2014 14 of of IN 34457 2014 15 8 8 NNP 34457 2014 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2014 17 , , , 34457 2014 18 but but CC 34457 2014 19 below below IN 34457 2014 20 27.4 27.4â CD 34457 2014 21 ° ° NNS 34457 2014 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2014 23 D D NNP 34457 2014 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2014 25 , , , 34457 2014 26 the the DT 34457 2014 27 solutions solution NNS 34457 2014 28 are be VBP 34457 2014 29 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 2014 30 with with IN 34457 2014 31 respect respect NN 34457 2014 32 to to IN 34457 2014 33 the the DT 34457 2014 34 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2014 35 ; ; : 34457 2014 36 point point NN 34457 2014 37 D d NN 34457 2014 38 is be VBZ 34457 2014 39 the the DT 34457 2014 40 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2014 41 point point NN 34457 2014 42 for for IN 34457 2014 43 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2014 44 and and CC 34457 2014 45 heptahydrate heptahydrate JJ 34457 2014 46 . . . 34457 2015 1 The the DT 34457 2015 2 curve curve NN 34457 2015 3 DEF DEF NNP 34457 2015 4 is be VBZ 34457 2015 5 the the DT 34457 2015 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 2015 7 curve curve NN 34457 2015 8 of of IN 34457 2015 9 the the DT 34457 2015 10 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2015 11 , , , 34457 2015 12 E e LS 34457 2015 13 being be VBG 34457 2015 14 the the DT 34457 2015 15 melting melting NN 34457 2015 16 point point NN 34457 2015 17 , , , 34457 2015 18 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 2015 19 ° ° NNS 34457 2015 20 . . . 34457 2016 1 On on IN 34457 2016 2 further further RB 34457 2016 3 increasing increase VBG 34457 2016 4 the the DT 34457 2016 5 quantity quantity NN 34457 2016 6 of of IN 34457 2016 7 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2016 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 2016 9 , , , 34457 2016 10 the the DT 34457 2016 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 2016 12 of of IN 34457 2016 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2016 14 is be VBZ 34457 2016 15 lowered lower VBN 34457 2016 16 until until IN 34457 2016 17 at at IN 34457 2016 18 F F NNP 34457 2016 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2016 20 30 30â CD 34457 2016 21 ° ° , 34457 2016 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2016 23 another another DT 34457 2016 24 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2016 25 point point NN 34457 2016 26 is be VBZ 34457 2016 27 reached reach VBN 34457 2016 28 , , , 34457 2016 29 at at IN 34457 2016 30 which which WDT 34457 2016 31 the the DT 34457 2016 32 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2016 33 and and CC 34457 2016 34 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2016 35 can can MD 34457 2016 36 co co VB 34457 2016 37 - - VB 34457 2016 38 exist exist VB 34457 2016 39 with with IN 34457 2016 40 solution solution NN 34457 2016 41 . . . 34457 2017 1 Then then RB 34457 2017 2 follow follow VB 34457 2017 3 the the DT 34457 2017 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 2017 5 curves curve NNS 34457 2017 6 for for IN 34457 2017 7 the the DT 34457 2017 8 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2017 9 , , , 34457 2017 10 the the DT 34457 2017 11 tetrahydrate tetrahydrate NN 34457 2017 12 , , , 34457 2017 13 and and CC 34457 2017 14 the the DT 34457 2017 15 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 2017 16 salt salt NN 34457 2017 17 ; ; : 34457 2017 18 G G NNP 34457 2017 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2017 20 56 56â NN 34457 2017 21 ° ° , 34457 2017 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2017 23 is be VBZ 34457 2017 24 the the DT 34457 2017 25 melting melting NN 34457 2017 26 point point NN 34457 2017 27 of of IN 34457 2017 28 the the DT 34457 2017 29 former former JJ 34457 2017 30 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2017 31 , , , 34457 2017 32 J J NNP 34457 2017 33 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2017 34 73.5 73.5â CD 34457 2017 35 ° ° , 34457 2017 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2017 37 the the DT 34457 2017 38 melting melting NN 34457 2017 39 point point NN 34457 2017 40 of of IN 34457 2017 41 the the DT 34457 2017 42 latter latter JJ 34457 2017 43 . . . 34457 2018 1 H h NN 34457 2018 2 and and CC 34457 2018 3 K k NN 34457 2018 4 , , , 34457 2018 5 the the DT 34457 2018 6 points point NNS 34457 2018 7 at at IN 34457 2018 8 which which WDT 34457 2018 9 the the DT 34457 2018 10 curves curve NNS 34457 2018 11 intersect intersect VBP 34457 2018 12 , , , 34457 2018 13 represent represent VBP 34457 2018 14 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2018 15 points point NNS 34457 2018 16 ; ; : 34457 2018 17 the the DT 34457 2018 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 2018 19 of of IN 34457 2018 20 the the DT 34457 2018 21 former former JJ 34457 2018 22 is be VBZ 34457 2018 23 55 55 NNP 34457 2018 24 ° ° NNS 34457 2018 25 , , , 34457 2018 26 that that DT 34457 2018 27 of of IN 34457 2018 28 the the DT 34457 2018 29 latter latter JJ 34457 2018 30 66 66 NNP 34457 2018 31 ° ° NNS 34457 2018 32 . . . 34457 2019 1 The the DT 34457 2019 2 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2019 3 portions portion NNS 34457 2019 4 of of IN 34457 2019 5 the the DT 34457 2019 6 curves curve NNS 34457 2019 7 represent represent VBP 34457 2019 8 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2019 9 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2019 10 . . . 34457 2020 1 As as IN 34457 2020 2 is be VBZ 34457 2020 3 seen see VBN 34457 2020 4 from from IN 34457 2020 5 the the DT 34457 2020 6 diagram diagram NN 34457 2020 7 , , , 34457 2020 8 a a DT 34457 2020 9 remarkable remarkable JJ 34457 2020 10 series series NN 34457 2020 11 of of IN 34457 2020 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 2020 13 curves curve NNS 34457 2020 14 is be VBZ 34457 2020 15 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2020 16 , , , 34457 2020 17 each each DT 34457 2020 18 passing pass VBG 34457 2020 19 through through IN 34457 2020 20 a a DT 34457 2020 21 point point NN 34457 2020 22 of of IN 34457 2020 23 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2020 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 2020 25 , , , 34457 2020 26 the the DT 34457 2020 27 whole whole JJ 34457 2020 28 series series NN 34457 2020 29 of of IN 34457 2020 30 curves curve NNS 34457 2020 31 forming form VBG 34457 2020 32 an an DT 34457 2020 33 undulating undulating JJ 34457 2020 34 " " `` 34457 2020 35 festoon festoon NN 34457 2020 36 . . . 34457 2020 37 " " '' 34457 2021 1 To to IN 34457 2021 2 the the DT 34457 2021 3 right right NN 34457 2021 4 of of IN 34457 2021 5 the the DT 34457 2021 6 series series NN 34457 2021 7 of of IN 34457 2021 8 curves curve NNS 34457 2021 9 the the DT 34457 2021 10 diagram diagram NN 34457 2021 11 represents represent VBZ 34457 2021 12 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 2021 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 2021 14 ; ; : 34457 2021 15 to to IN 34457 2021 16 the the DT 34457 2021 17 left left NN 34457 2021 18 , , , 34457 2021 19 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 2021 20 . . . 34457 2022 1 If if IN 34457 2022 2 an an DT 34457 2022 3 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 2022 4 solution solution NN 34457 2022 5 , , , 34457 2022 6 the the DT 34457 2022 7 composition composition NN 34457 2022 8 of of IN 34457 2022 9 which which WDT 34457 2022 10 is be VBZ 34457 2022 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2022 12 by by IN 34457 2022 13 a a DT 34457 2022 14 point point NN 34457 2022 15 in in IN 34457 2022 16 the the DT 34457 2022 17 field field NN 34457 2022 18 to to IN 34457 2022 19 the the DT 34457 2022 20 right right NN 34457 2022 21 of of IN 34457 2022 22 the the DT 34457 2022 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 2022 24 curves curve NNS 34457 2022 25 , , , 34457 2022 26 is be VBZ 34457 2022 27 cooled cool VBN 34457 2022 28 down down RP 34457 2022 29 , , , 34457 2022 30 the the DT 34457 2022 31 result result NN 34457 2022 32 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2022 33 will will MD 34457 2022 34 differ differ VB 34457 2022 35 according accord VBG 34457 2022 36 as as IN 34457 2022 37 the the DT 34457 2022 38 composition composition NN 34457 2022 39 of of IN 34457 2022 40 the the DT 34457 2022 41 solution solution NN 34457 2022 42 is be VBZ 34457 2022 43 the the DT 34457 2022 44 same same JJ 34457 2022 45 as as IN 34457 2022 46 that that DT 34457 2022 47 of of IN 34457 2022 48 a a DT 34457 2022 49 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2022 50 point point NN 34457 2022 51 , , , 34457 2022 52 or or CC 34457 2022 53 of of IN 34457 2022 54 a a DT 34457 2022 55 melting melting NN 34457 2022 56 point point NN 34457 2022 57 , , , 34457 2022 58 or or CC 34457 2022 59 has have VBZ 34457 2022 60 an an DT 34457 2022 61 intermediate intermediate JJ 34457 2022 62 value value NN 34457 2022 63 . . . 34457 2023 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2023 2 , , , 34457 2023 3 if if IN 34457 2023 4 a a DT 34457 2023 5 solution solution NN 34457 2023 6 represented represent VBN 34457 2023 7 by by IN 34457 2023 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2023 9 x__{1 x__{1 NNP 34457 2023 10 } } -RRB- 34457 2023 11 is be VBZ 34457 2023 12 cooled cool VBN 34457 2023 13 down down RP 34457 2023 14 , , , 34457 2023 15 the the DT 34457 2023 16 composition composition NN 34457 2023 17 will will MD 34457 2023 18 remain remain VB 34457 2023 19 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2023 20 as as IN 34457 2023 21 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2023 22 by by IN 34457 2023 23 the the DT 34457 2023 24 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 2023 25 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2023 26 line line NN 34457 2023 27 , , , 34457 2023 28 until until IN 34457 2023 29 the the DT 34457 2023 30 point point NN 34457 2023 31 D d NN 34457 2023 32 is be VBZ 34457 2023 33 reached reach VBN 34457 2023 34 . . . 34457 2024 1 At at IN 34457 2024 2 this this DT 34457 2024 3 point point NN 34457 2024 4 , , , 34457 2024 5 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2024 6 and and CC 34457 2024 7 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2024 8 will will MD 34457 2024 9 separate separate VB 34457 2024 10 out out RP 34457 2024 11 , , , 34457 2024 12 and and CC 34457 2024 13 the the DT 34457 2024 14 liquid liquid NN 34457 2024 15 will will MD 34457 2024 16 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2024 17 solidify solidify VB 34457 2024 18 completely completely RB 34457 2024 19 to to IN 34457 2024 20 a a DT 34457 2024 21 mixture mixture NN 34457 2024 22 or or CC 34457 2024 23 " " `` 34457 2024 24 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2024 25 " " '' 34457 2024 26 of of IN 34457 2024 27 these these DT 34457 2024 28 two two CD 34457 2024 29 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 2024 30 ; ; : 34457 2024 31 the the DT 34457 2024 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 2024 33 of of IN 34457 2024 34 { { -LRB- 34457 2024 35 155 155 CD 34457 2024 36 } } -RRB- 34457 2024 37 the the DT 34457 2024 38 system system NN 34457 2024 39 remaining remain VBG 34457 2024 40 constant constant JJ 34457 2024 41 until until IN 34457 2024 42 complete complete JJ 34457 2024 43 solidification solidification NN 34457 2024 44 has have VBZ 34457 2024 45 taken take VBN 34457 2024 46 place place NN 34457 2024 47 . . . 34457 2025 1 If if IN 34457 2025 2 , , , 34457 2025 3 on on IN 34457 2025 4 the the DT 34457 2025 5 other other JJ 34457 2025 6 hand hand NN 34457 2025 7 , , , 34457 2025 8 a a DT 34457 2025 9 solution solution NN 34457 2025 10 of of IN 34457 2025 11 the the DT 34457 2025 12 composition composition NN 34457 2025 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2025 14 x__{3 x__{3 NNP 34457 2025 15 } } -RRB- 34457 2025 16 is be VBZ 34457 2025 17 cooled cool VBN 34457 2025 18 down down RP 34457 2025 19 , , , 34457 2025 20 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2025 21 chloride chloride NN 34457 2025 22 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2025 23 will will MD 34457 2025 24 be be VB 34457 2025 25 formed form VBN 34457 2025 26 when when WRB 34457 2025 27 the the DT 34457 2025 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 2025 29 has have VBZ 34457 2025 30 fallen fall VBN 34457 2025 31 to to IN 34457 2025 32 that that DT 34457 2025 33 represented represent VBN 34457 2025 34 by by IN 34457 2025 35 C C NNP 34457 2025 36 , , , 34457 2025 37 and and CC 34457 2025 38 the the DT 34457 2025 39 solution solution NN 34457 2025 40 will will MD 34457 2025 41 completely completely RB 34457 2025 42 solidify solidify VB 34457 2025 43 , , , 34457 2025 44 without without IN 34457 2025 45 alteration alteration NN 34457 2025 46 of of IN 34457 2025 47 temperature temperature NN 34457 2025 48 , , , 34457 2025 49 with with IN 34457 2025 50 formation formation NN 34457 2025 51 of of IN 34457 2025 52 this this DT 34457 2025 53 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2025 54 . . . 34457 2026 1 In in IN 34457 2026 2 both both PDT 34457 2026 3 these these DT 34457 2026 4 cases case NNS 34457 2026 5 , , , 34457 2026 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2026 7 , , , 34457 2026 8 a a DT 34457 2026 9 point point NN 34457 2026 10 is be VBZ 34457 2026 11 reached reach VBN 34457 2026 12 at at IN 34457 2026 13 which which WDT 34457 2026 14 complete complete JJ 34457 2026 15 solidification solidification NN 34457 2026 16 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2026 17 without without IN 34457 2026 18 change change NN 34457 2026 19 of of IN 34457 2026 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2026 21 . . . 34457 2027 1 Somewhat somewhat RB 34457 2027 2 different different JJ 34457 2027 3 , , , 34457 2027 4 however however RB 34457 2027 5 , , , 34457 2027 6 is be VBZ 34457 2027 7 the the DT 34457 2027 8 result result NN 34457 2027 9 when when WRB 34457 2027 10 the the DT 34457 2027 11 solution solution NN 34457 2027 12 has have VBZ 34457 2027 13 an an DT 34457 2027 14 intermediate intermediate JJ 34457 2027 15 composition composition NN 34457 2027 16 , , , 34457 2027 17 as as IN 34457 2027 18 represented represent VBN 34457 2027 19 by by IN 34457 2027 20 _ _ NNP 34457 2027 21 x__{2 x__{2 NNP 34457 2027 22 } } -RRB- 34457 2027 23 or or CC 34457 2027 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2027 25 x__{4 x__{4 NNP 34457 2027 26 } } -RRB- 34457 2027 27 . . . 34457 2028 1 In in IN 34457 2028 2 the the DT 34457 2028 3 former former JJ 34457 2028 4 case case NN 34457 2028 5 the the DT 34457 2028 6 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2028 7 will will MD 34457 2028 8 first first RB 34457 2028 9 of of IN 34457 2028 10 all all DT 34457 2028 11 separate separate VB 34457 2028 12 out out RP 34457 2028 13 , , , 34457 2028 14 but but CC 34457 2028 15 on on IN 34457 2028 16 further further JJ 34457 2028 17 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 2028 18 of of IN 34457 2028 19 heat heat NN 34457 2028 20 the the DT 34457 2028 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 2028 22 will will MD 34457 2028 23 fall fall VB 34457 2028 24 , , , 34457 2028 25 the the DT 34457 2028 26 solution solution NN 34457 2028 27 will will MD 34457 2028 28 become become VB 34457 2028 29 relatively relatively RB 34457 2028 30 richer rich JJR 34457 2028 31 in in IN 34457 2028 32 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2028 33 chloride chloride NN 34457 2028 34 , , , 34457 2028 35 owing owe VBG 34457 2028 36 to to IN 34457 2028 37 separation separation NN 34457 2028 38 of of IN 34457 2028 39 the the DT 34457 2028 40 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2028 41 , , , 34457 2028 42 and and CC 34457 2028 43 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2028 44 the the DT 34457 2028 45 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2028 46 point point NN 34457 2028 47 D D NNP 34457 2028 48 will will MD 34457 2028 49 be be VB 34457 2028 50 reached reach VBN 34457 2028 51 , , , 34457 2028 52 at at IN 34457 2028 53 which which WDT 34457 2028 54 complete complete JJ 34457 2028 55 solidification solidification NN 34457 2028 56 will will MD 34457 2028 57 occur occur VB 34457 2028 58 . . . 34457 2029 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 2029 2 with with IN 34457 2029 3 the the DT 34457 2029 4 second second JJ 34457 2029 5 solution solution NN 34457 2029 6 . . . 34457 2030 1 Ferric ferric JJ 34457 2030 2 chloride chloride NN 34457 2030 3 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2030 4 will will MD 34457 2030 5 first first RB 34457 2030 6 be be VB 34457 2030 7 formed form VBN 34457 2030 8 , , , 34457 2030 9 and and CC 34457 2030 10 the the DT 34457 2030 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 2030 12 will will MD 34457 2030 13 gradually gradually RB 34457 2030 14 fall fall VB 34457 2030 15 , , , 34457 2030 16 the the DT 34457 2030 17 composition composition NN 34457 2030 18 of of IN 34457 2030 19 the the DT 34457 2030 20 solution solution NN 34457 2030 21 following follow VBG 34457 2030 22 the the DT 34457 2030 23 curve curve NN 34457 2030 24 CB CB NNP 34457 2030 25 until until IN 34457 2030 26 the the DT 34457 2030 27 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2030 28 point point NN 34457 2030 29 B B NNP 34457 2030 30 is be VBZ 34457 2030 31 reached reach VBN 34457 2030 32 , , , 34457 2030 33 when when WRB 34457 2030 34 the the DT 34457 2030 35 whole whole NN 34457 2030 36 will will MD 34457 2030 37 solidify solidify VB 34457 2030 38 to to IN 34457 2030 39 a a DT 34457 2030 40 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2030 41 of of IN 34457 2030 42 ice ice NN 34457 2030 43 and and CC 34457 2030 44 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2030 45 . . . 34457 2031 1 Suspended suspend VBN 34457 2031 2 Transformation.--Not Transformation.--Not NNP 34457 2031 3 only only RB 34457 2031 4 can can MD 34457 2031 5 the the DT 34457 2031 6 upper upper JJ 34457 2031 7 branch branch NN 34457 2031 8 of of IN 34457 2031 9 the the DT 34457 2031 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 2031 11 curve curve NN 34457 2031 12 of of IN 34457 2031 13 the the DT 34457 2031 14 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2031 15 be be VB 34457 2031 16 followed follow VBN 34457 2031 17 backwards backwards RB 34457 2031 18 to to IN 34457 2031 19 a a DT 34457 2031 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2031 21 of of IN 34457 2031 22 8 8 NNP 34457 2031 23 ° ° NNS 34457 2031 24 , , , 34457 2031 25 or or CC 34457 2031 26 about about IN 34457 2031 27 19 19â CD 34457 2031 28 ° ° NNS 34457 2031 29 below below IN 34457 2031 30 the the DT 34457 2031 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2031 32 of of IN 34457 2031 33 transition transition NN 34457 2031 34 to to IN 34457 2031 35 the the DT 34457 2031 36 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2031 37 ; ; : 34457 2031 38 but but CC 34457 2031 39 suspended suspend VBN 34457 2031 40 transformation transformation NN 34457 2031 41 has have VBZ 34457 2031 42 also also RB 34457 2031 43 been be VBN 34457 2031 44 observed observe VBN 34457 2031 45 in in IN 34457 2031 46 the the DT 34457 2031 47 case case NN 34457 2031 48 of of IN 34457 2031 49 the the DT 34457 2031 50 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2031 51 and and CC 34457 2031 52 the the DT 34457 2031 53 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2031 54 . . . 34457 2032 1 To to IN 34457 2032 2 such such PDT 34457 2032 3 an an DT 34457 2032 4 extent extent NN 34457 2032 5 is be VBZ 34457 2032 6 this this DT 34457 2032 7 the the DT 34457 2032 8 case case NN 34457 2032 9 that that IN 34457 2032 10 the the DT 34457 2032 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 2032 12 curve curve NN 34457 2032 13 of of IN 34457 2032 14 the the DT 34457 2032 15 latter latter JJ 34457 2032 16 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2032 17 has have VBZ 34457 2032 18 been be VBN 34457 2032 19 followed follow VBN 34457 2032 20 downwards downwards RB 34457 2032 21 to to IN 34457 2032 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2032 23 point point NN 34457 2032 24 of of IN 34457 2032 25 intersection intersection NN 34457 2032 26 with with IN 34457 2032 27 the the DT 34457 2032 28 curve curve NN 34457 2032 29 for for IN 34457 2032 30 the the DT 34457 2032 31 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2032 32 . . . 34457 2033 1 This this DT 34457 2033 2 point point NN 34457 2033 3 of of IN 34457 2033 4 intersection intersection NN 34457 2033 5 , , , 34457 2033 6 represented represent VBN 34457 2033 7 in in IN 34457 2033 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2033 9 . . . 34457 2034 1 39 39 CD 34457 2034 2 by by IN 34457 2034 3 M M NNP 34457 2034 4 , , , 34457 2034 5 lies lie VBZ 34457 2034 6 at at IN 34457 2034 7 a a DT 34457 2034 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 2034 9 of of IN 34457 2034 10 about about IN 34457 2034 11 15 15â CD 34457 2034 12 ° ° NNS 34457 2034 13 ; ; , 34457 2034 14 and and CC 34457 2034 15 at at IN 34457 2034 16 this this DT 34457 2034 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2034 18 , , , 34457 2034 19 therefore therefore RB 34457 2034 20 , , , 34457 2034 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2034 22 is be VBZ 34457 2034 23 possible possible JJ 34457 2034 24 for for IN 34457 2034 25 the the DT 34457 2034 26 two two CD 34457 2034 27 solid solid JJ 34457 2034 28 phases phase NNS 34457 2034 29 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2034 30 and and CC 34457 2034 31 pentahydrate pentahydrate VBP 34457 2034 32 to to TO 34457 2034 33 coexist coexist VB 34457 2034 34 , , , 34457 2034 35 so so IN 34457 2034 36 that that IN 34457 2034 37 M M NNP 34457 2034 38 is be VBZ 34457 2034 39 a a DT 34457 2034 40 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2034 41 point point NN 34457 2034 42 for for IN 34457 2034 43 the the DT 34457 2034 44 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2034 45 and and CC 34457 2034 46 the the DT 34457 2034 47 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2034 48 . . . 34457 2035 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2035 2 is be VBZ 34457 2035 3 , , , 34457 2035 4 however however RB 34457 2035 5 , , , 34457 2035 6 a a DT 34457 2035 7 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2035 8 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2035 9 point point NN 34457 2035 10 , , , 34457 2035 11 for for IN 34457 2035 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2035 13 lies lie VBZ 34457 2035 14 in in IN 34457 2035 15 the the DT 34457 2035 16 region region NN 34457 2035 17 of of IN 34457 2035 18 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 2035 19 with with IN 34457 2035 20 respect respect NN 34457 2035 21 to to IN 34457 2035 22 the the DT 34457 2035 23 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2035 24 ; ; : 34457 2035 25 and and CC 34457 2035 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2035 27 can can MD 34457 2035 28 be be VB 34457 2035 29 realized realize VBN 34457 2035 30 only only RB 34457 2035 31 because because IN 34457 2035 32 of of IN 34457 2035 33 the the DT 34457 2035 34 fact fact NN 34457 2035 35 that that IN 34457 2035 36 the the DT 34457 2035 37 latter latter JJ 34457 2035 38 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2035 39 is be VBZ 34457 2035 40 not not RB 34457 2035 41 readily readily RB 34457 2035 42 formed form VBN 34457 2035 43 . . . 34457 2036 1 Evaporation Evaporation NNP 34457 2036 2 of of IN 34457 2036 3 Solutions Solutions NNPS 34457 2036 4 at at IN 34457 2036 5 Constant constant JJ 34457 2036 6 Temperature.--On Temperature.--On NNS 34457 2036 7 { { -LRB- 34457 2036 8 156 156 CD 34457 2036 9 } } -RRB- 34457 2036 10 evaporating evaporate VBG 34457 2036 11 dilute dilute NN 34457 2036 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 2036 13 of of IN 34457 2036 14 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2036 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 2036 16 at at IN 34457 2036 17 constant constant JJ 34457 2036 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 2036 19 , , , 34457 2036 20 a a DT 34457 2036 21 remarkable remarkable JJ 34457 2036 22 series series NN 34457 2036 23 of of IN 34457 2036 24 changes change NNS 34457 2036 25 is be VBZ 34457 2036 26 observed observe VBN 34457 2036 27 , , , 34457 2036 28 which which WDT 34457 2036 29 , , , 34457 2036 30 however however RB 34457 2036 31 , , , 34457 2036 32 will will MD 34457 2036 33 be be VB 34457 2036 34 understood understand VBN 34457 2036 35 with with IN 34457 2036 36 the the DT 34457 2036 37 help help NN 34457 2036 38 of of IN 34457 2036 39 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2036 40 . . . 34457 2037 1 40 40 CD 34457 2037 2 . . . 34457 2038 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2038 2 an an DT 34457 2038 3 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 2038 4 solution solution NN 34457 2038 5 , , , 34457 2038 6 the the DT 34457 2038 7 composition composition NN 34457 2038 8 of of IN 34457 2038 9 which which WDT 34457 2038 10 is be VBZ 34457 2038 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2038 12 by by IN 34457 2038 13 the the DT 34457 2038 14 point point NN 34457 2038 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2038 16 x__{1 x__{1 NNP 34457 2038 17 } } -RRB- 34457 2038 18 , , , 34457 2038 19 is be VBZ 34457 2038 20 evaporated evaporate VBN 34457 2038 21 at at IN 34457 2038 22 a a DT 34457 2038 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2038 24 of of IN 34457 2038 25 about about IN 34457 2038 26 17 17 NNP 34457 2038 27 ° ° NNS 34457 2038 28 - - : 34457 2038 29 18 18 NNP 34457 2038 30 ° ° NNS 34457 2038 31 . . . 34457 2039 1 As as IN 34457 2039 2 water water NN 34457 2039 3 passes pass VBZ 34457 2039 4 off off RP 34457 2039 5 , , , 34457 2039 6 the the DT 34457 2039 7 composition composition NN 34457 2039 8 of of IN 34457 2039 9 the the DT 34457 2039 10 solution solution NN 34457 2039 11 will will MD 34457 2039 12 follow follow VB 34457 2039 13 the the DT 34457 2039 14 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2039 15 line line NN 34457 2039 16 of of IN 34457 2039 17 constant constant JJ 34457 2039 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 2039 19 , , , 34457 2039 20 until until IN 34457 2039 21 at at IN 34457 2039 22 the the DT 34457 2039 23 point point NN 34457 2039 24 where where WRB 34457 2039 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2039 26 cuts cut VBZ 34457 2039 27 the the DT 34457 2039 28 curve curve NN 34457 2039 29 BC BC NNP 34457 2039 30 the the DT 34457 2039 31 solid solid JJ 34457 2039 32 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2039 33 Fe_{2}Cl_{6},12H_{2}O Fe_{2}Cl_{6},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 2039 34 separates separate VBZ 34457 2039 35 out out RP 34457 2039 36 . . . 34457 2040 1 As as IN 34457 2040 2 water water NN 34457 2040 3 continues continue VBZ 34457 2040 4 to to TO 34457 2040 5 be be VB 34457 2040 6 removed remove VBN 34457 2040 7 , , , 34457 2040 8 the the DT 34457 2040 9 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2040 10 must must MD 34457 2040 11 be be VB 34457 2040 12 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2040 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2040 14 in in IN 34457 2040 15 order order NN 34457 2040 16 that that IN 34457 2040 17 the the DT 34457 2040 18 solution solution NN 34457 2040 19 shall shall MD 34457 2040 20 remain remain VB 34457 2040 21 saturated saturated JJ 34457 2040 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2040 23 , , , 34457 2040 24 until until IN 34457 2040 25 finally finally RB 34457 2040 26 the the DT 34457 2040 27 solution solution NN 34457 2040 28 dries dry VBZ 34457 2040 29 up up IN 34457 2040 30 to to IN 34457 2040 31 the the DT 34457 2040 32 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2040 33 . . . 34457 2041 1 As as IN 34457 2041 2 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 2041 3 proceeds proceed VBZ 34457 2041 4 , , , 34457 2041 5 the the DT 34457 2041 6 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2041 7 can can MD 34457 2041 8 be be VB 34457 2041 9 formed form VBN 34457 2041 10 , , , 34457 2041 11 and and CC 34457 2041 12 the the DT 34457 2041 13 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2041 14 will will MD 34457 2041 15 finally finally RB 34457 2041 16 pass pass VB 34457 2041 17 into into IN 34457 2041 18 the the DT 34457 2041 19 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2041 20 ; ; : 34457 2041 21 and and CC 34457 2041 22 this this DT 34457 2041 23 , , , 34457 2041 24 in in IN 34457 2041 25 turn turn NN 34457 2041 26 , , , 34457 2041 27 into into IN 34457 2041 28 the the DT 34457 2041 29 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2041 30 . . . 34457 2042 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2042 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2042 3 : : : 34457 2042 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2042 5 . . . 34457 2043 1 40 40 CD 34457 2043 2 . . . 34457 2043 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2044 1 But but CC 34457 2044 2 the the DT 34457 2044 3 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2044 4 is be VBZ 34457 2044 5 not not RB 34457 2044 6 always always RB 34457 2044 7 formed form VBN 34457 2044 8 by by IN 34457 2044 9 the the DT 34457 2044 10 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 2044 11 of of IN 34457 2044 12 the the DT 34457 2044 13 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2044 14 , , , 34457 2044 15 and and CC 34457 2044 16 the the DT 34457 2044 17 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2044 18 on on IN 34457 2044 19 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 2044 20 is be VBZ 34457 2044 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 2044 22 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 2044 23 perplexing perplexing JJ 34457 2044 24 at at IN 34457 2044 25 first first JJ 34457 2044 26 sight sight NN 34457 2044 27 . . . 34457 2045 1 After after IN 34457 2045 2 the the DT 34457 2045 3 solution solution NN 34457 2045 4 has have VBZ 34457 2045 5 dried dry VBN 34457 2045 6 to to IN 34457 2045 7 the the DT 34457 2045 8 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2045 9 , , , 34457 2045 10 as as IN 34457 2045 11 explained explain VBN 34457 2045 12 above above RB 34457 2045 13 , , , 34457 2045 14 further further JJ 34457 2045 15 removal removal NN 34457 2045 16 of of IN 34457 2045 17 water water NN 34457 2045 18 causes cause VBZ 34457 2045 19 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2045 20 , , , 34457 2045 21 and and CC 34457 2045 22 the the DT 34457 2045 23 system system NN 34457 2045 24 is be VBZ 34457 2045 25 now now RB 34457 2045 26 represented represent VBN 34457 2045 27 by by IN 34457 2045 28 the the DT 34457 2045 29 point point NN 34457 2045 30 of of IN 34457 2045 31 intersection intersection NN 34457 2045 32 at at IN 34457 2045 33 _ _ NNP 34457 2045 34 a a DT 34457 2045 35 _ _ NNP 34457 2045 36 ; ; : 34457 2045 37 at at IN 34457 2045 38 this this DT 34457 2045 39 point point NN 34457 2045 40 the the DT 34457 2045 41 solid solid JJ 34457 2045 42 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2045 43 is be VBZ 34457 2045 44 in in IN 34457 2045 45 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2045 46 with with IN 34457 2045 47 a a DT 34457 2045 48 solution solution NN 34457 2045 49 containing contain VBG 34457 2045 50 relatively relatively RB 34457 2045 51 more more RBR 34457 2045 52 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2045 53 chloride chloride NN 34457 2045 54 . . . 34457 2046 1 If if IN 34457 2046 2 , , , 34457 2046 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2046 4 , , , 34457 2046 5 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 2046 6 is be VBZ 34457 2046 7 continued continue VBN 34457 2046 8 , , , 34457 2046 9 the the DT 34457 2046 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2046 11 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2046 12 must must MD 34457 2046 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2046 14 pass pass VB 34457 2046 15 into into IN 34457 2046 16 solution solution NN 34457 2046 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2046 18 in in IN 34457 2046 19 order order NN 34457 2046 20 that that IN 34457 2046 21 the the DT 34457 2046 22 composition composition NN 34457 2046 23 of of IN 34457 2046 24 the the DT 34457 2046 25 latter latter JJ 34457 2046 26 may may MD 34457 2046 27 remain remain VB 34457 2046 28 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2046 29 , , , 34457 2046 30 so so IN 34457 2046 31 that that IN 34457 2046 32 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2046 33 a a DT 34457 2046 34 liquid liquid NN 34457 2046 35 will will MD 34457 2046 36 again again RB 34457 2046 37 be be VB 34457 2046 38 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2046 39 . . . 34457 2047 1 A a DT 34457 2047 2 very very RB 34457 2047 3 slight slight JJ 34457 2047 4 further further JJ 34457 2047 5 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 2047 6 will will MD 34457 2047 7 bring bring VB 34457 2047 8 the the DT 34457 2047 9 solution solution NN 34457 2047 10 into into IN 34457 2047 11 the the DT 34457 2047 12 state state NN 34457 2047 13 represented represent VBN 34457 2047 14 by by IN 34457 2047 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2047 16 b b NNP 34457 2047 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2047 18 , , , 34457 2047 19 at at IN 34457 2047 20 which which WDT 34457 2047 21 the the DT 34457 2047 22 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2047 23 is be VBZ 34457 2047 24 formed form VBN 34457 2047 25 , , , 34457 2047 26 and and CC 34457 2047 27 the the DT 34457 2047 28 solution solution NN 34457 2047 29 will will MD 34457 2047 30 at at IN 34457 2047 31 last last JJ 34457 2047 32 disappear disappear VB 34457 2047 33 and and CC 34457 2047 34 leave leave VB 34457 2047 35 this this DT 34457 2047 36 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2047 37 alone alone RB 34457 2047 38 . . . 34457 2048 1 Without without IN 34457 2048 2 the the DT 34457 2048 3 information information NN 34457 2048 4 to to TO 34457 2048 5 be be VB 34457 2048 6 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2048 7 from from IN 34457 2048 8 the the DT 34457 2048 9 curves curve NNS 34457 2048 10 in in IN 34457 2048 11 Figs Figs NNP 34457 2048 12 . . . 34457 2049 1 39 39 CD 34457 2049 2 and and CC 34457 2049 3 40 40 CD 34457 2049 4 , , , 34457 2049 5 the the DT 34457 2049 6 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2049 7 which which WDT 34457 2049 8 would would MD 34457 2049 9 be be VB 34457 2049 10 observed observe VBN 34457 2049 11 on on IN 34457 2049 12 carrying carry VBG 34457 2049 13 out out RP 34457 2049 14 the the DT 34457 2049 15 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 2049 16 at at IN 34457 2049 17 a a DT 34457 2049 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 2049 19 of of IN 34457 2049 20 about about RB 34457 2049 21 31 31 CD 34457 2049 22 - - SYM 34457 2049 23 32 32â CD 34457 2049 24 ° ° NN 34457 2049 25 { { -LRB- 34457 2049 26 157 157 CD 34457 2049 27 } } -RRB- 34457 2049 28 would would MD 34457 2049 29 be be VB 34457 2049 30 still still RB 34457 2049 31 more more RBR 34457 2049 32 bewildering bewildering JJ 34457 2049 33 . . . 34457 2050 1 The the DT 34457 2050 2 composition composition NN 34457 2050 3 of of IN 34457 2050 4 the the DT 34457 2050 5 different different JJ 34457 2050 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 2050 7 formed form VBN 34457 2050 8 will will MD 34457 2050 9 be be VB 34457 2050 10 represented represent VBN 34457 2050 11 by by IN 34457 2050 12 the the DT 34457 2050 13 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34457 2050 14 line line NN 34457 2050 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2050 16 x__{2}12345 x__{2}12345 NNP 34457 2050 17 . . . 34457 2051 1 Evaporation evaporation NN 34457 2051 2 will will MD 34457 2051 3 first first RB 34457 2051 4 cause cause VB 34457 2051 5 the the DT 34457 2051 6 separation separation NN 34457 2051 7 of of IN 34457 2051 8 the the DT 34457 2051 9 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 2051 10 , , , 34457 2051 11 and and CC 34457 2051 12 then then RB 34457 2051 13 total total JJ 34457 2051 14 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 2051 15 of of IN 34457 2051 16 the the DT 34457 2051 17 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2051 18 phase phase NN 34457 2051 19 . . . 34457 2052 1 Then then RB 34457 2052 2 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2052 3 will will MD 34457 2052 4 occur occur VB 34457 2052 5 , , , 34457 2052 6 and and CC 34457 2052 7 the the DT 34457 2052 8 system system NN 34457 2052 9 will will MD 34457 2052 10 now now RB 34457 2052 11 be be VB 34457 2052 12 represented represent VBN 34457 2052 13 by by IN 34457 2052 14 the the DT 34457 2052 15 point point NN 34457 2052 16 2 2 CD 34457 2052 17 , , , 34457 2052 18 in in IN 34457 2052 19 which which WDT 34457 2052 20 condition condition NN 34457 2052 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2052 22 will will MD 34457 2052 23 remain remain VB 34457 2052 24 until until IN 34457 2052 25 the the DT 34457 2052 26 solid solid JJ 34457 2052 27 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2052 28 has have VBZ 34457 2052 29 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 2052 30 . . . 34457 2053 1 Following follow VBG 34457 2053 2 this this DT 34457 2053 3 there there EX 34457 2053 4 will will MD 34457 2053 5 be be VB 34457 2053 6 deposition deposition NN 34457 2053 7 of of IN 34457 2053 8 the the DT 34457 2053 9 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2053 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2053 11 point point NN 34457 2053 12 3 3 CD 34457 2053 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2053 14 , , , 34457 2053 15 with with IN 34457 2053 16 subsequent subsequent JJ 34457 2053 17 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 2053 18 of of IN 34457 2053 19 the the DT 34457 2053 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2053 21 phase phase NN 34457 2053 22 . . . 34457 2054 1 Further further JJ 34457 2054 2 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 2054 3 will will MD 34457 2054 4 again again RB 34457 2054 5 cause cause VB 34457 2054 6 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2054 7 , , , 34457 2054 8 when when WRB 34457 2054 9 the the DT 34457 2054 10 concentration concentration NN 34457 2054 11 of of IN 34457 2054 12 the the DT 34457 2054 13 solution solution NN 34457 2054 14 will will MD 34457 2054 15 be be VB 34457 2054 16 represented represent VBN 34457 2054 17 by by IN 34457 2054 18 the the DT 34457 2054 19 point point NN 34457 2054 20 4 4 CD 34457 2054 21 ; ; : 34457 2054 22 the the DT 34457 2054 23 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 2054 24 will will MD 34457 2054 25 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2054 26 disappear disappear VB 34457 2054 27 , , , 34457 2054 28 and and CC 34457 2054 29 then then RB 34457 2054 30 will will MD 34457 2054 31 ensue ensue VB 34457 2054 32 the the DT 34457 2054 33 deposition deposition NN 34457 2054 34 of of IN 34457 2054 35 the the DT 34457 2054 36 pentahydrate pentahydrate NN 34457 2054 37 , , , 34457 2054 38 and and CC 34457 2054 39 complete complete JJ 34457 2054 40 solidification solidification NN 34457 2054 41 will will MD 34457 2054 42 result result VB 34457 2054 43 . . . 34457 2055 1 On on IN 34457 2055 2 evaporating evaporate VBG 34457 2055 3 a a DT 34457 2055 4 solution solution NN 34457 2055 5 , , , 34457 2055 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2055 7 , , , 34457 2055 8 of of IN 34457 2055 9 the the DT 34457 2055 10 composition composition NN 34457 2055 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2055 12 x__{2 x__{2 NNP 34457 2055 13 } } -RRB- 34457 2055 14 , , , 34457 2055 15 the the DT 34457 2055 16 following follow VBG 34457 2055 17 series series NN 34457 2055 18 of of IN 34457 2055 19 phenomena phenomena NNP 34457 2055 20 will will MD 34457 2055 21 be be VB 34457 2055 22 observed observe VBN 34457 2055 23 : : : 34457 2055 24 solidification solidification NN 34457 2055 25 to to TO 34457 2055 26 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate VB 34457 2055 27 ; ; : 34457 2055 28 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2055 29 ; ; : 34457 2055 30 solidification solidification NN 34457 2055 31 to to TO 34457 2055 32 heptahydrate heptahydrate VB 34457 2055 33 ; ; : 34457 2055 34 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2055 35 ; ; : 34457 2055 36 solidification solidification NN 34457 2055 37 to to TO 34457 2055 38 pentahydrate pentahydrate VB 34457 2055 39 . . . 34457 2056 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2056 2 233 233 CD 34457 2056 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2056 4 Although although IN 34457 2056 5 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2056 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 2056 7 and and CC 34457 2056 8 water water NN 34457 2056 9 form form VB 34457 2056 10 the the DT 34457 2056 11 largest large JJS 34457 2056 12 and and CC 34457 2056 13 best well RBS 34457 2056 14 - - HYPH 34457 2056 15 studied study VBN 34457 2056 16 series series NN 34457 2056 17 of of IN 34457 2056 18 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 2056 19 possessing possess VBG 34457 2056 20 definite definite JJ 34457 2056 21 melting melt VBG 34457 2056 22 points point NNS 34457 2056 23 , , , 34457 2056 24 examples example NNS 34457 2056 25 of of IN 34457 2056 26 similar similar JJ 34457 2056 27 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 2056 28 are be VBP 34457 2056 29 not not RB 34457 2056 30 few few JJ 34457 2056 31 in in IN 34457 2056 32 number number NN 34457 2056 33 ; ; : 34457 2056 34 and and CC 34457 2056 35 more more RBR 34457 2056 36 careful careful JJ 34457 2056 37 investigation investigation NN 34457 2056 38 is be VBZ 34457 2056 39 constantly constantly RB 34457 2056 40 adding add VBG 34457 2056 41 to to IN 34457 2056 42 the the DT 34457 2056 43 list list NN 34457 2056 44 . . . 34457 2057 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2057 2 234 234 CD 34457 2057 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2057 4 In in IN 34457 2057 5 all all PDT 34457 2057 6 these these DT 34457 2057 7 cases case NNS 34457 2057 8 the the DT 34457 2057 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 2057 10 curve curve NN 34457 2057 11 will will MD 34457 2057 12 show show VB 34457 2057 13 a a DT 34457 2057 14 point point NN 34457 2057 15 of of IN 34457 2057 16 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2057 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2057 18 , , , 34457 2057 19 at at IN 34457 2057 20 which which WDT 34457 2057 21 the the DT 34457 2057 22 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2057 23 melts melt NNS 34457 2057 24 , , , 34457 2057 25 and and CC 34457 2057 26 will will MD 34457 2057 27 end end VB 34457 2057 28 , , , 34457 2057 29 above above RB 34457 2057 30 and and CC 34457 2057 31 below below RB 34457 2057 32 , , , 34457 2057 33 in in IN 34457 2057 34 a a DT 34457 2057 35 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2057 36 point point NN 34457 2057 37 . . . 34457 2058 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 2058 2 , , , 34457 2058 3 if if IN 34457 2058 4 such such PDT 34457 2058 5 a a DT 34457 2058 6 curve curve NN 34457 2058 7 is be VBZ 34457 2058 8 found find VBN 34457 2058 9 in in IN 34457 2058 10 a a DT 34457 2058 11 system system NN 34457 2058 12 of of IN 34457 2058 13 two two CD 34457 2058 14 components component NNS 34457 2058 15 , , , 34457 2058 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2058 17 can can MD 34457 2058 18 argue argue VB 34457 2058 19 that that IN 34457 2058 20 a a DT 34457 2058 21 definite definite JJ 34457 2058 22 compound compound NN 34457 2058 23 of of IN 34457 2058 24 the the DT 34457 2058 25 components component NNS 34457 2058 26 possessing possess VBG 34457 2058 27 a a DT 34457 2058 28 definite definite JJ 34457 2058 29 melting melting NN 34457 2058 30 point point NN 34457 2058 31 is be VBZ 34457 2058 32 formed form VBN 34457 2058 33 . . . 34457 2059 1 Inevaporable Inevaporable NNP 34457 2059 2 Solutions.--If Solutions.--If NNP 34457 2059 3 a a DT 34457 2059 4 saturated saturate VBN 34457 2059 5 solution solution NN 34457 2059 6 in in IN 34457 2059 7 contact contact NN 34457 2059 8 with with IN 34457 2059 9 two two CD 34457 2059 10 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 2059 11 , , , 34457 2059 12 or or CC 34457 2059 13 with with IN 34457 2059 14 a a DT 34457 2059 15 hydrate hydrate JJ 34457 2059 16 and and CC 34457 2059 17 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 2059 18 salt salt NN 34457 2059 19 is be VBZ 34457 2059 20 heated heat VBN 34457 2059 21 , , , 34457 2059 22 the the DT 34457 2059 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2059 24 and and CC 34457 2059 25 composition composition NN 34457 2059 26 of of IN 34457 2059 27 the the DT 34457 2059 28 solution solution NN 34457 2059 29 will will MD 34457 2059 30 , , , 34457 2059 31 of of IN 34457 2059 32 course course NN 34457 2059 33 , , , 34457 2059 34 remain remain VBP 34457 2059 35 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2059 36 so so RB 34457 2059 37 long long RB 34457 2059 38 as as IN 34457 2059 39 the the DT 34457 2059 40 two two CD 34457 2059 41 solid solid JJ 34457 2059 42 phases phase NNS 34457 2059 43 are be VBP 34457 2059 44 present present JJ 34457 2059 45 , , , 34457 2059 46 for for IN 34457 2059 47 such such PDT 34457 2059 48 a a DT 34457 2059 49 system system NN 34457 2059 50 is be VBZ 34457 2059 51 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2059 52 . . . 34457 2060 1 In in IN 34457 2060 2 addition addition NN 34457 2060 3 to to IN 34457 2060 4 this this DT 34457 2060 5 , , , 34457 2060 6 however however RB 34457 2060 7 , , , 34457 2060 8 the the DT 34457 2060 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2060 10 quantity quantity NN 34457 2060 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2060 12 of of IN 34457 2060 13 the the DT 34457 2060 14 solution solution NN 34457 2060 15 will will MD 34457 2060 16 also also RB 34457 2060 17 remain remain VB 34457 2060 18 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2060 19 , , , 34457 2060 20 the the DT 34457 2060 21 water water NN 34457 2060 22 which which WDT 34457 2060 23 evaporates evaporate VBZ 34457 2060 24 being be VBG 34457 2060 25 supplied supply VBN 34457 2060 26 by by IN 34457 2060 27 the the DT 34457 2060 28 higher high JJR 34457 2060 29 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2060 30 . . . 34457 2061 1 The the DT 34457 2061 2 same same JJ 34457 2061 3 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 2061 4 is be VBZ 34457 2061 5 also also RB 34457 2061 6 observed observe VBN 34457 2061 7 in in IN 34457 2061 8 the the DT 34457 2061 9 case case NN 34457 2061 10 of of IN 34457 2061 11 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2061 12 points point NNS 34457 2061 13 when when WRB 34457 2061 14 ice ice NN 34457 2061 15 is be VBZ 34457 2061 16 a a DT 34457 2061 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2061 18 phase phase NN 34457 2061 19 ; ; : 34457 2061 20 so so RB 34457 2061 21 long long RB 34457 2061 22 as as IN 34457 2061 23 the the DT 34457 2061 24 latter latter NN 34457 2061 25 is be VBZ 34457 2061 26 present present JJ 34457 2061 27 , , , 34457 2061 28 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 2061 29 will will MD 34457 2061 30 be be VB 34457 2061 31 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2061 32 { { -LRB- 34457 2061 33 158 158 CD 34457 2061 34 } } -RRB- 34457 2061 35 by by IN 34457 2061 36 fusion fusion NN 34457 2061 37 of of IN 34457 2061 38 the the DT 34457 2061 39 ice ice NN 34457 2061 40 , , , 34457 2061 41 and and CC 34457 2061 42 the the DT 34457 2061 43 quantity quantity NN 34457 2061 44 of of IN 34457 2061 45 solution solution NN 34457 2061 46 will will MD 34457 2061 47 remain remain VB 34457 2061 48 constant constant JJ 34457 2061 49 . . . 34457 2062 1 Such such JJ 34457 2062 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 2062 3 are be VBP 34457 2062 4 called call VBN 34457 2062 5 _ _ NNP 34457 2062 6 inevaporable inevaporable JJ 34457 2062 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2062 8 . . . 34457 2063 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2063 2 235 235 CD 34457 2063 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2063 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2063 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2063 6 : : : 34457 2063 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2063 8 . . . 34457 2064 1 41 41 CD 34457 2064 2 . . . 34457 2064 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2065 1 Illustration.--In illustration.--in JJ 34457 2065 2 order order NN 34457 2065 3 to to TO 34457 2065 4 illustrate illustrate VB 34457 2065 5 the the DT 34457 2065 6 application application NN 34457 2065 7 of of IN 34457 2065 8 the the DT 34457 2065 9 principles principle NNS 34457 2065 10 of of IN 34457 2065 11 the the DT 34457 2065 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2065 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2065 14 to to IN 34457 2065 15 the the DT 34457 2065 16 study study NN 34457 2065 17 of of IN 34457 2065 18 systems system NNS 34457 2065 19 formed form VBN 34457 2065 20 by by IN 34457 2065 21 a a DT 34457 2065 22 volatile volatile JJ 34457 2065 23 and and CC 34457 2065 24 a a DT 34457 2065 25 non non JJ 34457 2065 26 - - JJ 34457 2065 27 volatile volatile JJ 34457 2065 28 component component NN 34457 2065 29 , , , 34457 2065 30 a a DT 34457 2065 31 brief brief JJ 34457 2065 32 description description NN 34457 2065 33 may may MD 34457 2065 34 be be VB 34457 2065 35 given give VBN 34457 2065 36 of of IN 34457 2065 37 the the DT 34457 2065 38 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2065 39 of of IN 34457 2065 40 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2065 41 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2065 42 and and CC 34457 2065 43 potassium potassium NN 34457 2065 44 iodide iodide NN 34457 2065 45 , , , 34457 2065 46 which which WDT 34457 2065 47 has have VBZ 34457 2065 48 formed form VBN 34457 2065 49 the the DT 34457 2065 50 subject subject NN 34457 2065 51 of of IN 34457 2065 52 a a DT 34457 2065 53 recent recent JJ 34457 2065 54 investigation investigation NN 34457 2065 55 . . . 34457 2066 1 After after IN 34457 2066 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2066 3 had have VBD 34457 2066 4 been be VBN 34457 2066 5 found[236 found[236 LS 34457 2066 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2066 7 that that DT 34457 2066 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2066 9 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 2066 10 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2066 11 has have VBZ 34457 2066 12 the the DT 34457 2066 13 property property NN 34457 2066 14 of of IN 34457 2066 15 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 2066 16 potassium potassium NN 34457 2066 17 iodide iodide NN 34457 2066 18 , , , 34457 2066 19 and and CC 34457 2066 20 that that IN 34457 2066 21 the the DT 34457 2066 22 solutions solution NNS 34457 2066 23 thus thus RB 34457 2066 24 obtained obtain VBD 34457 2066 25 present present JJ 34457 2066 26 certain certain JJ 34457 2066 27 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 34457 2066 28 of of IN 34457 2066 29 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2066 30 , , , 34457 2066 31 the the DT 34457 2066 32 question question NN 34457 2066 33 arose arise VBD 34457 2066 34 as as IN 34457 2066 35 to to IN 34457 2066 36 whether whether IN 34457 2066 37 or or CC 34457 2066 38 not not RB 34457 2066 39 compounds compound NNS 34457 2066 40 are be VBP 34457 2066 41 formed form VBN 34457 2066 42 between between IN 34457 2066 43 the the DT 34457 2066 44 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2066 45 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2066 46 and and CC 34457 2066 47 the the DT 34457 2066 48 potassium potassium NN 34457 2066 49 iodide iodide NN 34457 2066 50 , , , 34457 2066 51 and and CC 34457 2066 52 if if IN 34457 2066 53 so so RB 34457 2066 54 , , , 34457 2066 55 what what WP 34457 2066 56 these these DT 34457 2066 57 compounds compound NNS 34457 2066 58 are be VBP 34457 2066 59 . . . 34457 2067 1 To to TO 34457 2067 2 find find VB 34457 2067 3 an an DT 34457 2067 4 answer answer NN 34457 2067 5 to to IN 34457 2067 6 this this DT 34457 2067 7 question question NN 34457 2067 8 , , , 34457 2067 9 Walden Walden NNP 34457 2067 10 and and CC 34457 2067 11 Centnerszwer[237 centnerszwer[237 CD 34457 2067 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2067 13 made make VBD 34457 2067 14 a a DT 34457 2067 15 complete complete JJ 34457 2067 16 investigation investigation NN 34457 2067 17 of of IN 34457 2067 18 the the DT 34457 2067 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 2067 20 curves curve NNS 34457 2067 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2067 22 equilibrium equilibrium NNP 34457 2067 23 curves curve NNS 34457 2067 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2067 25 of of IN 34457 2067 26 these these DT 34457 2067 27 two two CD 34457 2067 28 components component NNS 34457 2067 29 , , , 34457 2067 30 the the DT 34457 2067 31 investigation investigation NN 34457 2067 32 extending extend VBG 34457 2067 33 from from IN 34457 2067 34 the the DT 34457 2067 35 freezing freezing NN 34457 2067 36 point point NN 34457 2067 37 to to IN 34457 2067 38 the the DT 34457 2067 39 critical critical JJ 34457 2067 40 point point NN 34457 2067 41 of of IN 34457 2067 42 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2067 43 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2067 44 . . . 34457 2068 1 For for IN 34457 2068 2 convenience convenience NN 34457 2068 3 of of IN 34457 2068 4 reference reference NN 34457 2068 5 , , , 34457 2068 6 the the DT 34457 2068 7 results result NNS 34457 2068 8 which which WDT 34457 2068 9 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2068 10 obtained obtain VBD 34457 2068 11 are be VBP 34457 2068 12 represented represent VBN 34457 2068 13 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 2068 14 in in IN 34457 2068 15 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2068 16 . . . 34457 2069 1 41 41 CD 34457 2069 2 . . . 34457 2070 1 The the DT 34457 2070 2 freezing freezing NN 34457 2070 3 point point NN 34457 2070 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2070 5 A a NN 34457 2070 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2070 7 of of IN 34457 2070 8 pure pure JJ 34457 2070 9 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 2070 10 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2070 11 was be VBD 34457 2070 12 found find VBN 34457 2070 13 to to TO 34457 2070 14 be be VB 34457 2070 15 -72.7 -72.7 NNS 34457 2070 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2070 17 . . . 34457 2071 1 Addition addition NN 34457 2071 2 of of IN 34457 2071 3 potassium potassium NN 34457 2071 4 iodide iodide NN 34457 2071 5 lowered lower VBD 34457 2071 6 the the DT 34457 2071 7 freezing freezing NN 34457 2071 8 point point NN 34457 2071 9 , , , 34457 2071 10 but but CC 34457 2071 11 the the DT 34457 2071 12 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2071 13 depression depression NN 34457 2071 14 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2071 15 was be VBD 34457 2071 16 very very RB 34457 2071 17 small small JJ 34457 2071 18 , , , 34457 2071 19 and and CC 34457 2071 20 was be VBD 34457 2071 21 reached reach VBN 34457 2071 22 when when WRB 34457 2071 23 the the DT 34457 2071 24 concentration concentration NN 34457 2071 25 of of IN 34457 2071 26 the the DT 34457 2071 27 potassium potassium NN 34457 2071 28 iodide iodide NN 34457 2071 29 in in IN 34457 2071 30 the the DT 34457 2071 31 solution solution NN 34457 2071 32 was be VBD 34457 2071 33 only only RB 34457 2071 34 0.336 0.336 CD 34457 2071 35 mols mol NNS 34457 2071 36 . . . 34457 2072 1 per per IN 34457 2072 2 cent cent NN 34457 2072 3 . . . 34457 2073 1 Beyond beyond IN 34457 2073 2 this this DT 34457 2073 3 point point NN 34457 2073 4 , , , 34457 2073 5 an an DT 34457 2073 6 increase increase NN 34457 2073 7 in in IN 34457 2073 8 the the DT 34457 2073 9 concentration concentration NN 34457 2073 10 of of IN 34457 2073 11 the the DT 34457 2073 12 iodide iodide NN 34457 2073 13 was be VBD 34457 2073 14 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2073 15 by by IN 34457 2073 16 an an DT 34457 2073 17 elevation elevation NN 34457 2073 18 of of IN 34457 2073 19 the the DT 34457 2073 20 freezing freezing NN 34457 2073 21 point point NN 34457 2073 22 , , , 34457 2073 23 the the DT 34457 2073 24 change change NN 34457 2073 25 of of IN 34457 2073 26 the the DT 34457 2073 27 freezing freezing NN 34457 2073 28 point point NN 34457 2073 29 with with IN 34457 2073 30 the the DT 34457 2073 31 concentration concentration NN 34457 2073 32 being be VBG 34457 2073 33 represented represent VBN 34457 2073 34 by by IN 34457 2073 35 the the DT 34457 2073 36 curve curve NN 34457 2073 37 BC BC NNP 34457 2073 38 . . . 34457 2074 1 The the DT 34457 2074 2 solid solid JJ 34457 2074 3 { { -LRB- 34457 2074 4 159 159 CD 34457 2074 5 } } -RRB- 34457 2074 6 which which WDT 34457 2074 7 separated separate VBD 34457 2074 8 from from IN 34457 2074 9 the the DT 34457 2074 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 2074 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2074 12 by by IN 34457 2074 13 BC BC NNP 34457 2074 14 was be VBD 34457 2074 15 a a DT 34457 2074 16 bright bright JJ 34457 2074 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2074 18 yellow yellow NN 34457 2074 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2074 20 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 2074 21 substance substance NN 34457 2074 22 . . . 34457 2075 1 At at IN 34457 2075 2 the the DT 34457 2075 3 point point NN 34457 2075 4 C C NNP 34457 2075 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2075 6 -23.4 -23.4 HYPH 34457 2075 7 ° ° NNP 34457 2075 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2075 9 a a DT 34457 2075 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2075 11 - - HYPH 34457 2075 12 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2075 13 was be VBD 34457 2075 14 reached reach VBN 34457 2075 15 ; ; : 34457 2075 16 and and CC 34457 2075 17 as as IN 34457 2075 18 the the DT 34457 2075 19 concentration concentration NN 34457 2075 20 of of IN 34457 2075 21 the the DT 34457 2075 22 potassium potassium NN 34457 2075 23 iodide iodide NN 34457 2075 24 was be VBD 34457 2075 25 continuously continuously RB 34457 2075 26 increased increase VBN 34457 2075 27 , , , 34457 2075 28 the the DT 34457 2075 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 2075 30 of of IN 34457 2075 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2075 32 first first RB 34457 2075 33 fell fall VBD 34457 2075 34 and and CC 34457 2075 35 then then RB 34457 2075 36 slowly slowly RB 34457 2075 37 rose rise VBD 34457 2075 38 , , , 34457 2075 39 until until IN 34457 2075 40 at at IN 34457 2075 41 +0.26 +0.26â CD 34457 2075 42 ° ° NNS 34457 2075 43 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2075 44 E e NN 34457 2075 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2075 46 a a DT 34457 2075 47 second second JJ 34457 2075 48 temperature temperature NN 34457 2075 49 - - HYPH 34457 2075 50 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2075 51 was be VBD 34457 2075 52 registered register VBN 34457 2075 53 . . . 34457 2076 1 On on IN 34457 2076 2 passing pass VBG 34457 2076 3 the the DT 34457 2076 4 point point NN 34457 2076 5 D d NN 34457 2076 6 , , , 34457 2076 7 the the DT 34457 2076 8 solid solid JJ 34457 2076 9 which which WDT 34457 2076 10 was be VBD 34457 2076 11 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2076 12 from from IN 34457 2076 13 the the DT 34457 2076 14 solution solution NN 34457 2076 15 was be VBD 34457 2076 16 a a DT 34457 2076 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2076 18 red red JJ 34457 2076 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2076 20 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 2076 21 substance substance NN 34457 2076 22 . . . 34457 2077 1 On on IN 34457 2077 2 withdrawing withdraw VBG 34457 2077 3 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 2077 4 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2077 5 from from IN 34457 2077 6 the the DT 34457 2077 7 system system NN 34457 2077 8 , , , 34457 2077 9 the the DT 34457 2077 10 solution solution NN 34457 2077 11 became become VBD 34457 2077 12 turbid turbid JJ 34457 2077 13 , , , 34457 2077 14 and and CC 34457 2077 15 the the DT 34457 2077 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 2077 17 remained remain VBD 34457 2077 18 constant constant JJ 34457 2077 19 . . . 34457 2078 1 The the DT 34457 2078 2 investigation investigation NN 34457 2078 3 was be VBD 34457 2078 4 not not RB 34457 2078 5 pursued pursue VBN 34457 2078 6 farther far RBR 34457 2078 7 at at IN 34457 2078 8 this this DT 34457 2078 9 point point NN 34457 2078 10 , , , 34457 2078 11 the the DT 34457 2078 12 attention attention NN 34457 2078 13 being be VBG 34457 2078 14 then then RB 34457 2078 15 directed direct VBN 34457 2078 16 to to IN 34457 2078 17 the the DT 34457 2078 18 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2078 19 at at IN 34457 2078 20 higher high JJR 34457 2078 21 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2078 22 . . . 34457 2079 1 When when WRB 34457 2079 2 a a DT 34457 2079 3 solution solution NN 34457 2079 4 of of IN 34457 2079 5 potassium potassium NN 34457 2079 6 iodide iodide NN 34457 2079 7 in in IN 34457 2079 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2079 9 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 2079 10 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2079 11 containing contain VBG 34457 2079 12 1.49 1.49 CD 34457 2079 13 per per IN 34457 2079 14 cent cent NN 34457 2079 15 . . . 34457 2080 1 of of IN 34457 2080 2 potassium potassium NN 34457 2080 3 iodide iodide NN 34457 2080 4 was be VBD 34457 2080 5 heated heat VBN 34457 2080 6 , , , 34457 2080 7 solid solid JJ 34457 2080 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2080 9 potassium potassium NN 34457 2080 10 iodide iodide NN 34457 2080 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2080 12 was be VBD 34457 2080 13 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2080 14 at at IN 34457 2080 15 a a DT 34457 2080 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 2080 17 of of IN 34457 2080 18 96.4 96.4â CD 34457 2080 19 ° ° NNS 34457 2080 20 . . . 34457 2081 1 Solutions solution NNS 34457 2081 2 containing contain VBG 34457 2081 3 more more RBR 34457 2081 4 than than IN 34457 2081 5 about about RB 34457 2081 6 3 3 CD 34457 2081 7 per per NN 34457 2081 8 cent cent NN 34457 2081 9 . . . 34457 2082 1 of of IN 34457 2082 2 the the DT 34457 2082 3 iodide iodide NN 34457 2082 4 separated separate VBD 34457 2082 5 , , , 34457 2082 6 on on IN 34457 2082 7 being be VBG 34457 2082 8 heated heat VBN 34457 2082 9 , , , 34457 2082 10 into into IN 34457 2082 11 two two CD 34457 2082 12 layers layer NNS 34457 2082 13 , , , 34457 2082 14 and and CC 34457 2082 15 the the DT 34457 2082 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 2082 17 at at IN 34457 2082 18 which which WDT 34457 2082 19 the the DT 34457 2082 20 liquid liquid NN 34457 2082 21 became become VBD 34457 2082 22 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2082 23 fell fall VBD 34457 2082 24 as as IN 34457 2082 25 the the DT 34457 2082 26 concentration concentration NN 34457 2082 27 was be VBD 34457 2082 28 increased increase VBN 34457 2082 29 ; ; : 34457 2082 30 a a DT 34457 2082 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2082 32 - - HYPH 34457 2082 33 minimum minimum NN 34457 2082 34 being being NN 34457 2082 35 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2082 36 with with IN 34457 2082 37 solutions solution NNS 34457 2082 38 containing contain VBG 34457 2082 39 12 12 CD 34457 2082 40 per per NN 34457 2082 41 cent cent NN 34457 2082 42 . . . 34457 2083 1 of of IN 34457 2083 2 potassium potassium NN 34457 2083 3 iodide iodide NN 34457 2083 4 . . . 34457 2084 1 On on IN 34457 2084 2 the the DT 34457 2084 3 other other JJ 34457 2084 4 hand hand NN 34457 2084 5 , , , 34457 2084 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 2084 7 containing contain VBG 34457 2084 8 30.9 30.9 CD 34457 2084 9 per per IN 34457 2084 10 cent cent NN 34457 2084 11 . . . 34457 2085 1 of of IN 34457 2085 2 the the DT 34457 2085 3 iodide iodide NN 34457 2085 4 , , , 34457 2085 5 on on IN 34457 2085 6 being be VBG 34457 2085 7 heated heat VBN 34457 2085 8 , , , 34457 2085 9 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2085 10 potassium potassium NN 34457 2085 11 iodide iodide NN 34457 2085 12 ; ; : 34457 2085 13 while while IN 34457 2085 14 a a DT 34457 2085 15 solution solution NN 34457 2085 16 containing contain VBG 34457 2085 17 24.5 24.5 CD 34457 2085 18 per per IN 34457 2085 19 cent cent NN 34457 2085 20 . . . 34457 2086 1 of of IN 34457 2086 2 the the DT 34457 2086 3 salt salt NN 34457 2086 4 first first RB 34457 2086 5 separated separate VBD 34457 2086 6 into into IN 34457 2086 7 two two CD 34457 2086 8 layers layer NNS 34457 2086 9 at at IN 34457 2086 10 89.3 89.3â CD 34457 2086 11 ° ° NNS 34457 2086 12 , , , 34457 2086 13 and and CC 34457 2086 14 then then RB 34457 2086 15 , , , 34457 2086 16 on on IN 34457 2086 17 cooling cooling NN 34457 2086 18 , , , 34457 2086 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2086 20 was be VBD 34457 2086 21 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2086 22 and and CC 34457 2086 23 one one CD 34457 2086 24 of of IN 34457 2086 25 the the DT 34457 2086 26 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2086 27 layers layer NNS 34457 2086 28 disappeared disappear VBD 34457 2086 29 . . . 34457 2087 1 Such such JJ 34457 2087 2 are be VBP 34457 2087 3 , , , 34457 2087 4 in in IN 34457 2087 5 brief brief NN 34457 2087 6 , , , 34457 2087 7 the the DT 34457 2087 8 results result NNS 34457 2087 9 of of IN 34457 2087 10 experiment experiment NN 34457 2087 11 ; ; : 34457 2087 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2087 13 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2087 14 in in IN 34457 2087 15 the the DT 34457 2087 16 light light NN 34457 2087 17 of of IN 34457 2087 18 the the DT 34457 2087 19 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2087 20 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2087 21 is be VBZ 34457 2087 22 the the DT 34457 2087 23 following:-- following:-- `` 34457 2087 24 The the DT 34457 2087 25 curve curve NN 34457 2087 26 AB AB NNP 34457 2087 27 is be VBZ 34457 2087 28 the the DT 34457 2087 29 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2087 30 - - HYPH 34457 2087 31 point point NN 34457 2087 32 curve curve NN 34457 2087 33 of of IN 34457 2087 34 solid solid JJ 34457 2087 35 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2087 36 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2087 37 in in IN 34457 2087 38 contact contact NN 34457 2087 39 with with IN 34457 2087 40 solutions solution NNS 34457 2087 41 of of IN 34457 2087 42 potassium potassium NN 34457 2087 43 iodide iodide NN 34457 2087 44 . . . 34457 2088 1 BCD BCD NNP 34457 2088 2 is be VBZ 34457 2088 3 the the DT 34457 2088 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 2088 5 curve curve NN 34457 2088 6 of of IN 34457 2088 7 the the DT 34457 2088 8 yellow yellow JJ 34457 2088 9 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 2088 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2088 11 which which WDT 34457 2088 12 is be VBZ 34457 2088 13 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2088 14 from from IN 34457 2088 15 the the DT 34457 2088 16 solutions solution NNS 34457 2088 17 . . . 34457 2089 1 C C NNP 34457 2089 2 , , , 34457 2089 3 the the DT 34457 2089 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 2089 5 - - HYPH 34457 2089 6 maximum maximum NN 34457 2089 7 , , , 34457 2089 8 is be VBZ 34457 2089 9 the the DT 34457 2089 10 melting melting NN 34457 2089 11 point point NN 34457 2089 12 of of IN 34457 2089 13 this this DT 34457 2089 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2089 15 yellow yellow JJ 34457 2089 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2089 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2089 18 , , , 34457 2089 19 and and CC 34457 2089 20 the the DT 34457 2089 21 composition composition NN 34457 2089 22 of of IN 34457 2089 23 the the DT 34457 2089 24 latter latter NN 34457 2089 25 must must MD 34457 2089 26 be be VB 34457 2089 27 the the DT 34457 2089 28 same same JJ 34457 2089 29 as as IN 34457 2089 30 that that DT 34457 2089 31 of of IN 34457 2089 32 the the DT 34457 2089 33 solution solution NN 34457 2089 34 at at IN 34457 2089 35 this this DT 34457 2089 36 point point NN 34457 2089 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2089 38 p. p. NN 34457 2089 39 145 145 CD 34457 2089 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2089 41 , , , 34457 2089 42 which which WDT 34457 2089 43 was be VBD 34457 2089 44 found find VBN 34457 2089 45 to to TO 34457 2089 46 be be VB 34457 2089 47 that that IN 34457 2089 48 represented represent VBN 34457 2089 49 by by IN 34457 2089 50 the the DT 34457 2089 51 formula formula NN 34457 2089 52 KI,14SO_{2 KI,14SO_{2 NNP 34457 2089 53 } } -RRB- 34457 2089 54 . . . 34457 2090 1 B b NN 34457 2090 2 is be VBZ 34457 2090 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2090 4 the the DT 34457 2090 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2090 6 point point NN 34457 2090 7 , , , 34457 2090 8 at at IN 34457 2090 9 which which WDT 34457 2090 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2090 11 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2090 12 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2090 13 and and CC 34457 2090 14 the the DT 34457 2090 15 compound compound NN 34457 2090 16 KI,14SO_{2 KI,14SO_{2 NNP 34457 2090 17 } } -RRB- 34457 2090 18 can can MD 34457 2090 19 exist exist VB 34457 2090 20 together together RB 34457 2090 21 in in IN 34457 2090 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2090 23 with with IN 34457 2090 24 solution solution NN 34457 2090 25 and and CC 34457 2090 26 vapour vapour NN 34457 2090 27 . . . 34457 2091 1 The the DT 34457 2091 2 curve curve NN 34457 2091 3 DE de NN 34457 2091 4 is be VBZ 34457 2091 5 the the DT 34457 2091 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 2091 7 curve curve NN 34457 2091 8 of of IN 34457 2091 9 the the DT 34457 2091 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2091 11 red red NNP 34457 2091 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2091 13 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 2091 14 solid solid JJ 34457 2091 15 , , , 34457 2091 16 and and CC 34457 2091 17 the the DT 34457 2091 18 { { -LRB- 34457 2091 19 160 160 CD 34457 2091 20 } } -RRB- 34457 2091 21 point point NN 34457 2091 22 E e NN 34457 2091 23 , , , 34457 2091 24 at at IN 34457 2091 25 which which WDT 34457 2091 26 the the DT 34457 2091 27 composition composition NN 34457 2091 28 of of IN 34457 2091 29 solution solution NN 34457 2091 30 and and CC 34457 2091 31 solid solid JJ 34457 2091 32 is be VBZ 34457 2091 33 the the DT 34457 2091 34 same same JJ 34457 2091 35 , , , 34457 2091 36 is be VBZ 34457 2091 37 the the DT 34457 2091 38 melting melting NN 34457 2091 39 point point NN 34457 2091 40 of of IN 34457 2091 41 the the DT 34457 2091 42 solid solid JJ 34457 2091 43 . . . 34457 2092 1 The the DT 34457 2092 2 composition composition NN 34457 2092 3 of of IN 34457 2092 4 this this DT 34457 2092 5 substance substance NN 34457 2092 6 was be VBD 34457 2092 7 found find VBN 34457 2092 8 to to TO 34457 2092 9 be be VB 34457 2092 10 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2092 11 } } -RRB- 34457 2092 12 . . . 34457 2093 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2093 2 238 238 CD 34457 2093 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2093 4 D d NN 34457 2093 5 is be VBZ 34457 2093 6 , , , 34457 2093 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 2093 8 , , , 34457 2093 9 the the DT 34457 2093 10 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2093 11 point point NN 34457 2093 12 at at IN 34457 2093 13 which which WDT 34457 2093 14 the the DT 34457 2093 15 compounds compound NNS 34457 2093 16 KI,14SO_{2 KI,14SO_{2 NNP 34457 2093 17 } } -RRB- 34457 2093 18 and and CC 34457 2093 19 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2093 20 } } -RRB- 34457 2093 21 can can MD 34457 2093 22 coexist coexist VB 34457 2093 23 in in IN 34457 2093 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2093 25 with with IN 34457 2093 26 solution solution NN 34457 2093 27 and and CC 34457 2093 28 vapour vapour NN 34457 2093 29 . . . 34457 2094 1 The the DT 34457 2094 2 curve curve NN 34457 2094 3 DE de NN 34457 2094 4 does do VBZ 34457 2094 5 not not RB 34457 2094 6 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2094 7 a a DT 34457 2094 8 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 2094 9 portion portion NN 34457 2094 10 ; ; : 34457 2094 11 on on IN 34457 2094 12 the the DT 34457 2094 13 contrary contrary NN 34457 2094 14 , , , 34457 2094 15 on on IN 34457 2094 16 attempting attempt VBG 34457 2094 17 to to TO 34457 2094 18 obtain obtain VB 34457 2094 19 more more RBR 34457 2094 20 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 2094 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 2094 22 in in IN 34457 2094 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2094 24 with with IN 34457 2094 25 the the DT 34457 2094 26 compound compound NN 34457 2094 27 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2094 28 } } -RRB- 34457 2094 29 , , , 34457 2094 30 a a DT 34457 2094 31 new new JJ 34457 2094 32 solid solid JJ 34457 2094 33 phase phase NN 34457 2094 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2094 35 probably probably RB 34457 2094 36 potassium potassium NN 34457 2094 37 iodide iodide NN 34457 2094 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2094 39 was be VBD 34457 2094 40 formed form VBN 34457 2094 41 . . . 34457 2095 1 Since since IN 34457 2095 2 at at IN 34457 2095 3 this this DT 34457 2095 4 point point NN 34457 2095 5 there there EX 34457 2095 6 are be VBP 34457 2095 7 four four CD 34457 2095 8 phases phase NNS 34457 2095 9 in in IN 34457 2095 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2095 11 , , , 34457 2095 12 viz viz NN 34457 2095 13 . . . 34457 2096 1 the the DT 34457 2096 2 compound compound NN 34457 2096 3 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2096 4 } } -RRB- 34457 2096 5 , , , 34457 2096 6 potassium potassium NN 34457 2096 7 iodide iodide NN 34457 2096 8 , , , 34457 2096 9 solution solution NN 34457 2096 10 , , , 34457 2096 11 and and CC 34457 2096 12 vapour vapour RB 34457 2096 13 , , , 34457 2096 14 the the DT 34457 2096 15 system system NN 34457 2096 16 is be VBZ 34457 2096 17 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2096 18 . . . 34457 2097 1 E E NNP 34457 2097 2 is be VBZ 34457 2097 3 , , , 34457 2097 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 2097 5 , , , 34457 2097 6 the the DT 34457 2097 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2097 8 transition transition NN 34457 2097 9 point point NN 34457 2097 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2097 11 for for IN 34457 2097 12 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2097 13 } } -RRB- 34457 2097 14 and and CC 34457 2097 15 KI KI NNP 34457 2097 16 . . . 34457 2098 1 Passing pass VBG 34457 2098 2 to to IN 34457 2098 3 higher high JJR 34457 2098 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2098 5 , , , 34457 2098 6 FG FG NNP 34457 2098 7 is be VBZ 34457 2098 8 the the DT 34457 2098 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 2098 10 curve curve NN 34457 2098 11 of of IN 34457 2098 12 potassium potassium NN 34457 2098 13 iodide iodide NN 34457 2098 14 in in IN 34457 2098 15 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2098 16 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2098 17 ; ; : 34457 2098 18 at at IN 34457 2098 19 G g NN 34457 2098 20 two two CD 34457 2098 21 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2098 22 phases phase NNS 34457 2098 23 are be VBP 34457 2098 24 formed form VBN 34457 2098 25 , , , 34457 2098 26 and and CC 34457 2098 27 the the DT 34457 2098 28 system system NN 34457 2098 29 therefore therefore RB 34457 2098 30 becomes become VBZ 34457 2098 31 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2098 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2098 33 cf cf FW 34457 2098 34 . . . 34457 2099 1 p. p. NN 34457 2099 2 121 121 CD 34457 2099 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2099 4 . . . 34457 2100 1 The the DT 34457 2100 2 curve curve NN 34457 2100 3 GHK GHK NNP 34457 2100 4 is be VBZ 34457 2100 5 the the DT 34457 2100 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 2100 7 curve curve NN 34457 2100 8 for for IN 34457 2100 9 two two CD 34457 2100 10 partially partially RB 34457 2100 11 miscible miscible JJ 34457 2100 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2100 13 ; ; : 34457 2100 14 and and CC 34457 2100 15 since since IN 34457 2100 16 complete complete JJ 34457 2100 17 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 2100 18 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2100 19 on on IN 34457 2100 20 _ _ NNP 34457 2100 21 lowering lower VBG 34457 2100 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2100 23 the the DT 34457 2100 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 2100 25 , , , 34457 2100 26 the the DT 34457 2100 27 curve curve NN 34457 2100 28 is be VBZ 34457 2100 29 similar similar JJ 34457 2100 30 to to IN 34457 2100 31 that that DT 34457 2100 32 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2100 33 with with IN 34457 2100 34 triethylamine triethylamine NN 34457 2100 35 and and CC 34457 2100 36 water water NN 34457 2100 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2100 38 p. p. NN 34457 2100 39 101 101 CD 34457 2100 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2100 41 . . . 34457 2101 1 K K NNP 34457 2101 2 is be VBZ 34457 2101 3 also also RB 34457 2101 4 an an DT 34457 2101 5 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2101 6 point point NN 34457 2101 7 at at IN 34457 2101 8 which which WDT 34457 2101 9 potassium potassium NN 34457 2101 10 iodide iodide NN 34457 2101 11 is be VBZ 34457 2101 12 in in IN 34457 2101 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2101 14 with with IN 34457 2101 15 two two CD 34457 2101 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2101 17 phases phase NNS 34457 2101 18 and and CC 34457 2101 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 2101 20 . . . 34457 2102 1 The the DT 34457 2102 2 complete complete JJ 34457 2102 3 investigation investigation NN 34457 2102 4 of of IN 34457 2102 5 the the DT 34457 2102 6 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2102 7 between between IN 34457 2102 8 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2102 9 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2102 10 and and CC 34457 2102 11 potassium potassium NN 34457 2102 12 iodide iodide NN 34457 2102 13 , , , 34457 2102 14 therefore therefore RB 34457 2102 15 , , , 34457 2102 16 shows show VBZ 34457 2102 17 that that IN 34457 2102 18 these these DT 34457 2102 19 two two CD 34457 2102 20 components component NNS 34457 2102 21 form form VBP 34457 2102 22 the the DT 34457 2102 23 compounds compound NNS 34457 2102 24 KI,14SO_{2 KI,14SO_{2 NNP 34457 2102 25 } } -RRB- 34457 2102 26 and and CC 34457 2102 27 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2102 28 } } -RRB- 34457 2102 29 ; ; : 34457 2102 30 and and CC 34457 2102 31 that that IN 34457 2102 32 when when WRB 34457 2102 33 solutions solution NNS 34457 2102 34 having have VBG 34457 2102 35 a a DT 34457 2102 36 concentration concentration NN 34457 2102 37 between between IN 34457 2102 38 those those DT 34457 2102 39 represented represent VBN 34457 2102 40 by by IN 34457 2102 41 the the DT 34457 2102 42 points point NNS 34457 2102 43 G G NNP 34457 2102 44 and and CC 34457 2102 45 K K NNP 34457 2102 46 are be VBP 34457 2102 47 heated heated JJ 34457 2102 48 , , , 34457 2102 49 separation separation NN 34457 2102 50 into into IN 34457 2102 51 two two CD 34457 2102 52 layers layer NNS 34457 2102 53 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2102 54 . . . 34457 2103 1 The the DT 34457 2103 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2103 3 and and CC 34457 2103 4 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 2103 5 of of IN 34457 2103 6 the the DT 34457 2103 7 different different JJ 34457 2103 8 characteristic characteristic JJ 34457 2103 9 points point NNS 34457 2103 10 are be VBP 34457 2103 11 as as IN 34457 2103 12 follows:-- follows:-- ADD 34457 2103 13 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- CD 34457 2103 14 | | NNP 34457 2103 15 | | NNP 34457 2103 16 Composition Composition NNP 34457 2103 17 of of IN 34457 2103 18 Point Point NNP 34457 2103 19 . . . 34457 2104 1 | | NNS 34457 2104 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2104 3 . . . 34457 2105 1 | | VB 34457 2105 2 the the DT 34457 2105 3 solution solution NN 34457 2105 4 | | CD 34457 2105 5 | | CD 34457 2105 6 per per IN 34457 2105 7 cent cent NN 34457 2105 8 . . . 34457 2106 1 KI KI NNP 34457 2106 2 . . . 34457 2107 1 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2107 2 A a DT 34457 2107 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2107 4 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2107 5 . . . 34457 2108 1 of of IN 34457 2108 2 SO_{2 SO_{2 NNP 34457 2108 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2108 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2108 5 | | NNP 34457 2108 6 -72.7 -72.7 NNP 34457 2108 7 ° ° NN 34457 2108 8 | | NNP 34457 2108 9 -- -- : 34457 2108 10 B b NN 34457 2108 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2108 12 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2108 13 point point NN 34457 2108 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2108 15 | | NNP 34457 2108 16 -- -- : 34457 2108 17 | | CD 34457 2108 18 0.86 0.86 CD 34457 2108 19 C C NNP 34457 2108 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2108 21 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2108 22 . . . 34457 2109 1 of of IN 34457 2109 2 KI,14SO_{2 KI,14SO_{2 NNP 34457 2109 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2109 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2109 5 | | NNP 34457 2109 6 -23.4 -23.4 NNP 34457 2109 7 ° ° , 34457 2109 8 | | CD 34457 2109 9 17.63 17.63 CD 34457 2109 10 E E NNP 34457 2109 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2109 12 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2109 13 . . . 34457 2110 1 of of IN 34457 2110 2 KI,4SO_{2 KI,4SO_{2 NNP 34457 2110 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2110 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2110 5 | | NNP 34457 2110 6 +0.26 +0.26â CD 34457 2110 7 ° ° , 34457 2110 8 | | CD 34457 2110 9 39.33 39.33 CD 34457 2110 10 G G NNP 34457 2110 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2110 12 KI KI NNP 34457 2110 13 + + SYM 34457 2110 14 two two CD 34457 2110 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2110 16 phases phase NNS 34457 2110 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2110 18 | | NNP 34457 2110 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2110 20 about about RB 34457 2110 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2110 22 88 88 NNS 34457 2110 23 ° ° , 34457 2110 24 | | CD 34457 2110 25 24.0 24.0 CD 34457 2110 26 H h NN 34457 2110 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2110 28 critical critical JJ 34457 2110 29 solution solution NN 34457 2110 30 point point NN 34457 2110 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2110 32 | | NNP 34457 2110 33 77.3 77.3â CD 34457 2110 34 ° ° , 34457 2110 35 | | CD 34457 2110 36 12 12 CD 34457 2110 37 K K NNP 34457 2110 38 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2110 39 KI KI NNP 34457 2110 40 + + SYM 34457 2110 41 two two CD 34457 2110 42 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2110 43 phases phase NNS 34457 2110 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2110 45 | | NNP 34457 2110 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2110 47 about about RB 34457 2110 48 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2110 49 88 88 NNS 34457 2110 50 ° ° , 34457 2110 51 | | CD 34457 2110 52 2.7 2.7 CD 34457 2110 53 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- CD 34457 2110 54 * * NFP 34457 2110 55 * * NFP 34457 2110 56 * * NFP 34457 2110 57 * * NFP 34457 2110 58 * * NFP 34457 2110 59 { { -LRB- 34457 2110 60 161 161 CD 34457 2110 61 } } -RRB- 34457 2110 62 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 2110 63 IX IX NNP 34457 2110 64 EQUILIBRIA equilibria NN 34457 2110 65 BETWEEN between IN 34457 2110 66 TWO two CD 34457 2110 67 VOLATILE VOLATILE VBD 34457 2110 68 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 2110 69 General.--In General.--In NNP 34457 2110 70 the the DT 34457 2110 71 two two CD 34457 2110 72 preceding precede VBG 34457 2110 73 chapters chapter NNS 34457 2110 74 certain certain JJ 34457 2110 75 restrictions restriction NNS 34457 2110 76 were be VBD 34457 2110 77 imposed impose VBN 34457 2110 78 on on IN 34457 2110 79 the the DT 34457 2110 80 discussion discussion NN 34457 2110 81 of of IN 34457 2110 82 the the DT 34457 2110 83 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2110 84 between between IN 34457 2110 85 two two CD 34457 2110 86 components component NNS 34457 2110 87 ; ; : 34457 2110 88 but but CC 34457 2110 89 in in IN 34457 2110 90 the the DT 34457 2110 91 present present JJ 34457 2110 92 chapter chapter NN 34457 2110 93 the the DT 34457 2110 94 restriction restriction NN 34457 2110 95 that that IN 34457 2110 96 only only RB 34457 2110 97 one one CD 34457 2110 98 of of IN 34457 2110 99 the the DT 34457 2110 100 components component NNS 34457 2110 101 is be VBZ 34457 2110 102 volatile volatile JJ 34457 2110 103 will will MD 34457 2110 104 be be VB 34457 2110 105 allowed allow VBN 34457 2110 106 to to TO 34457 2110 107 fall fall VB 34457 2110 108 , , , 34457 2110 109 and and CC 34457 2110 110 the the DT 34457 2110 111 general general JJ 34457 2110 112 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2110 113 of of IN 34457 2110 114 two two CD 34457 2110 115 volatile[239 volatile[239 NNP 34457 2110 116 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2110 117 components component NNS 34457 2110 118 , , , 34457 2110 119 each each DT 34457 2110 120 of of IN 34457 2110 121 which which WDT 34457 2110 122 is be VBZ 34457 2110 123 capable capable JJ 34457 2110 124 of of IN 34457 2110 125 forming form VBG 34457 2110 126 a a DT 34457 2110 127 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2110 128 solution solution NN 34457 2110 129 with with IN 34457 2110 130 the the DT 34457 2110 131 other other JJ 34457 2110 132 , , , 34457 2110 133 will will MD 34457 2110 134 be be VB 34457 2110 135 studied study VBN 34457 2110 136 . . . 34457 2111 1 As as IN 34457 2111 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2111 3 shall shall MD 34457 2111 4 see see VB 34457 2111 5 , , , 34457 2111 6 however however RB 34457 2111 7 , , , 34457 2111 8 the the DT 34457 2111 9 removal removal NN 34457 2111 10 of of IN 34457 2111 11 the the DT 34457 2111 12 previous previous JJ 34457 2111 13 restriction restriction NN 34457 2111 14 produces produce VBZ 34457 2111 15 no no DT 34457 2111 16 alteration alteration NN 34457 2111 17 in in IN 34457 2111 18 the the DT 34457 2111 19 general general JJ 34457 2111 20 aspect aspect NN 34457 2111 21 of of IN 34457 2111 22 the the DT 34457 2111 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2111 24 curves curve NNS 34457 2111 25 for for IN 34457 2111 26 concentration concentration NN 34457 2111 27 and and CC 34457 2111 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 2111 29 , , , 34457 2111 30 but but CC 34457 2111 31 changes change VBZ 34457 2111 32 to to IN 34457 2111 33 some some DT 34457 2111 34 extent extent NN 34457 2111 35 the the DT 34457 2111 36 appearance appearance NN 34457 2111 37 of of IN 34457 2111 38 the the DT 34457 2111 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 2111 40 - - HYPH 34457 2111 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 2111 42 diagram diagram NN 34457 2111 43 . . . 34457 2112 1 The the DT 34457 2112 2 latter latter JJ 34457 2112 3 would would MD 34457 2112 4 become become VB 34457 2112 5 still still RB 34457 2112 6 more more RBR 34457 2112 7 complicated complicated JJ 34457 2112 8 if if IN 34457 2112 9 account account NN 34457 2112 10 were be VBD 34457 2112 11 taken take VBN 34457 2112 12 not not RB 34457 2112 13 only only RB 34457 2112 14 of of IN 34457 2112 15 the the DT 34457 2112 16 total total JJ 34457 2112 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 2112 18 but but CC 34457 2112 19 also also RB 34457 2112 20 of of IN 34457 2112 21 the the DT 34457 2112 22 partial partial JJ 34457 2112 23 pressures pressure NNS 34457 2112 24 of of IN 34457 2112 25 the the DT 34457 2112 26 two two CD 34457 2112 27 components component NNS 34457 2112 28 in in IN 34457 2112 29 the the DT 34457 2112 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 2112 31 phase phase NN 34457 2112 32 ; ; : 34457 2112 33 this this DT 34457 2112 34 complication complication NN 34457 2112 35 , , , 34457 2112 36 however however RB 34457 2112 37 , , , 34457 2112 38 will will MD 34457 2112 39 not not RB 34457 2112 40 be be VB 34457 2112 41 introduced introduce VBN 34457 2112 42 in in IN 34457 2112 43 the the DT 34457 2112 44 present present JJ 34457 2112 45 discussion discussion NN 34457 2112 46 . . . 34457 2113 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2113 2 240 240 CD 34457 2113 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2113 4 In in IN 34457 2113 5 this this DT 34457 2113 6 chapter chapter NN 34457 2113 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2113 8 shall shall MD 34457 2113 9 consider consider VB 34457 2113 10 the the DT 34457 2113 11 systems system NNS 34457 2113 12 formed form VBN 34457 2113 13 by by IN 34457 2113 14 the the DT 34457 2113 15 two two CD 34457 2113 16 components component NNS 34457 2113 17 iodine iodine NN 34457 2113 18 and and CC 34457 2113 19 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2113 20 , , , 34457 2113 21 and and CC 34457 2113 22 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2113 23 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2113 24 and and CC 34457 2113 25 water water NN 34457 2113 26 . . . 34457 2114 1 Iodine Iodine NNP 34457 2114 2 and and CC 34457 2114 3 Chlorine.--The chlorine.--the JJ 34457 2114 4 different different JJ 34457 2114 5 systems system NNS 34457 2114 6 furnished furnish VBN 34457 2114 7 by by IN 34457 2114 8 iodine iodine NN 34457 2114 9 and and CC 34457 2114 10 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2114 11 , , , 34457 2114 12 rendered render VBN 34457 2114 13 classical classical JJ 34457 2114 14 by by IN 34457 2114 15 the the DT 34457 2114 16 studies study NNS 34457 2114 17 of of IN 34457 2114 18 Stortenbeker,[241 Stortenbeker,[241 NNP 34457 2114 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2114 20 form form VB 34457 2114 21 a a DT 34457 2114 22 very very RB 34457 2114 23 complete complete JJ 34457 2114 24 example example NN 34457 2114 25 of of IN 34457 2114 26 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2114 27 in in IN 34457 2114 28 a a DT 34457 2114 29 two two CD 34457 2114 30 - - HYPH 34457 2114 31 component component NN 34457 2114 32 system system NN 34457 2114 33 . . . 34457 2115 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2115 2 shall shall MD 34457 2115 3 first first RB 34457 2115 4 of of IN 34457 2115 5 all all DT 34457 2115 6 consider consider VB 34457 2115 7 the the DT 34457 2115 8 { { -LRB- 34457 2115 9 162 162 CD 34457 2115 10 } } -RRB- 34457 2115 11 relations relation NNS 34457 2115 12 between between IN 34457 2115 13 concentration concentration NN 34457 2115 14 and and CC 34457 2115 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 2115 16 , , , 34457 2115 17 with with IN 34457 2115 18 the the DT 34457 2115 19 help help NN 34457 2115 20 of of IN 34457 2115 21 the the DT 34457 2115 22 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 2115 23 diagram diagram NN 34457 2115 24 , , , 34457 2115 25 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2115 26 . . . 34457 2116 1 42 42 CD 34457 2116 2 . . . 34457 2117 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2117 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2117 3 : : : 34457 2117 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2117 5 . . . 34457 2118 1 42 42 CD 34457 2118 2 . . . 34457 2118 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2119 1 Concentration Concentration NNP 34457 2119 2 - - HYPH 34457 2119 3 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2119 4 Diagram.--In Diagram.--In VBZ 34457 2119 5 this this DT 34457 2119 6 diagram diagram NN 34457 2119 7 the the DT 34457 2119 8 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2119 9 are be VBP 34457 2119 10 taken take VBN 34457 2119 11 as as IN 34457 2119 12 the the DT 34457 2119 13 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 2119 14 ¦ ¦ NNP 34457 2119 15 , , , 34457 2119 16 and and CC 34457 2119 17 the the DT 34457 2119 18 composition composition NN 34457 2119 19 of of IN 34457 2119 20 the the DT 34457 2119 21 solution solution NN 34457 2119 22 , , , 34457 2119 23 expressed express VBN 34457 2119 24 in in IN 34457 2119 25 atoms atom NNS 34457 2119 26 of of IN 34457 2119 27 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2119 28 to to IN 34457 2119 29 one one CD 34457 2119 30 atom atom NN 34457 2119 31 of of IN 34457 2119 32 iodine,[242 iodine,[242 NN 34457 2119 33 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2119 34 is be VBZ 34457 2119 35 represented represent VBN 34457 2119 36 by by IN 34457 2119 37 the the DT 34457 2119 38 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 2119 39 . . . 34457 2120 1 In in IN 34457 2120 2 the the DT 34457 2120 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 2120 4 , , , 34457 2120 5 A a DT 34457 2120 6 represents represent VBZ 34457 2120 7 the the DT 34457 2120 8 melting melting NN 34457 2120 9 point point NN 34457 2120 10 of of IN 34457 2120 11 pure pure JJ 34457 2120 12 iodine iodine NN 34457 2120 13 , , , 34457 2120 14 114 114â CD 34457 2120 15 ° ° NNS 34457 2120 16 . . . 34457 2121 1 If if IN 34457 2121 2 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2121 3 is be VBZ 34457 2121 4 added add VBN 34457 2121 5 to to IN 34457 2121 6 the the DT 34457 2121 7 system system NN 34457 2121 8 , , , 34457 2121 9 a a DT 34457 2121 10 solution solution NN 34457 2121 11 of of IN 34457 2121 12 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2121 13 in in IN 34457 2121 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2121 15 iodine iodine NN 34457 2121 16 is be VBZ 34457 2121 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2121 18 , , , 34457 2121 19 and and CC 34457 2121 20 the the DT 34457 2121 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 2121 22 at at IN 34457 2121 23 which which WDT 34457 2121 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2121 25 iodine iodine NN 34457 2121 26 is be VBZ 34457 2121 27 in in IN 34457 2121 28 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2121 29 with with IN 34457 2121 30 the the DT 34457 2121 31 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2121 32 solution solution NN 34457 2121 33 will will MD 34457 2121 34 be be VB 34457 2121 35 all all PDT 34457 2121 36 the the DT 34457 2121 37 lower low JJR 34457 2121 38 the the DT 34457 2121 39 greater great JJR 34457 2121 40 the the DT 34457 2121 41 concentration concentration NN 34457 2121 42 of of IN 34457 2121 43 the the DT 34457 2121 44 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2121 45 . . . 34457 2122 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2122 2 therefore therefore RB 34457 2122 3 obtain obtain VBP 34457 2122 4 the the DT 34457 2122 5 curve curve NN 34457 2122 6 ABF ABF NNP 34457 2122 7 , , , 34457 2122 8 which which WDT 34457 2122 9 represents represent VBZ 34457 2122 10 the the DT 34457 2122 11 composition composition NN 34457 2122 12 of of IN 34457 2122 13 the the DT 34457 2122 14 solution solution NN 34457 2122 15 { { -LRB- 34457 2122 16 163 163 CD 34457 2122 17 } } -RRB- 34457 2122 18 with with IN 34457 2122 19 which which WDT 34457 2122 20 solid solid JJ 34457 2122 21 iodine iodine NN 34457 2122 22 is be VBZ 34457 2122 23 in in IN 34457 2122 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2122 25 at at IN 34457 2122 26 different different JJ 34457 2122 27 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2122 28 . . . 34457 2123 1 This this DT 34457 2123 2 curve curve NN 34457 2123 3 can can MD 34457 2123 4 be be VB 34457 2123 5 followed follow VBN 34457 2123 6 down down RP 34457 2123 7 to to IN 34457 2123 8 0 0â NN 34457 2123 9 ° ° NNS 34457 2123 10 , , , 34457 2123 11 but but CC 34457 2123 12 at at IN 34457 2123 13 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2123 14 below below IN 34457 2123 15 7.9 7.9â NN 34457 2123 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2123 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2123 18 B b NN 34457 2123 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2123 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2123 21 represents represent VBZ 34457 2123 22 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2123 23 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2123 24 . . . 34457 2124 1 At at IN 34457 2124 2 B b NN 34457 2124 3 iodine iodine NN 34457 2124 4 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2124 5 can can MD 34457 2124 6 be be VB 34457 2124 7 formed form VBN 34457 2124 8 , , , 34457 2124 9 and and CC 34457 2124 10 if if IN 34457 2124 11 present present JJ 34457 2124 12 the the DT 34457 2124 13 system system NN 34457 2124 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 2124 15 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2124 16 ; ; : 34457 2124 17 B b NN 34457 2124 18 is be VBZ 34457 2124 19 therefore therefore RB 34457 2124 20 a a DT 34457 2124 21 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 2124 22 point point NN 34457 2124 23 at at IN 34457 2124 24 which which WDT 34457 2124 25 the the DT 34457 2124 26 four four CD 34457 2124 27 phases phase NNS 34457 2124 28 , , , 34457 2124 29 iodine iodine NN 34457 2124 30 , , , 34457 2124 31 iodine iodine NN 34457 2124 32 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2124 33 , , , 34457 2124 34 solution solution NN 34457 2124 35 , , , 34457 2124 36 and and CC 34457 2124 37 vapour vapour RB 34457 2124 38 , , , 34457 2124 39 can can MD 34457 2124 40 coexist coexist VB 34457 2124 41 . . . 34457 2125 1 Continued continue VBN 34457 2125 2 withdrawal withdrawal NN 34457 2125 3 of of IN 34457 2125 4 heat heat NN 34457 2125 5 at at IN 34457 2125 6 this this DT 34457 2125 7 point point NN 34457 2125 8 will will MD 34457 2125 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 2125 10 lead lead VB 34457 2125 11 to to IN 34457 2125 12 the the DT 34457 2125 13 complete complete JJ 34457 2125 14 solidification solidification NN 34457 2125 15 of of IN 34457 2125 16 the the DT 34457 2125 17 solution solution NN 34457 2125 18 to to IN 34457 2125 19 a a DT 34457 2125 20 mixture mixture NN 34457 2125 21 or or CC 34457 2125 22 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2125 23 of of IN 34457 2125 24 iodine iodine NN 34457 2125 25 and and CC 34457 2125 26 iodine iodine NN 34457 2125 27 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2125 28 , , , 34457 2125 29 while while IN 34457 2125 30 the the DT 34457 2125 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2125 32 remains remain VBZ 34457 2125 33 constant constant JJ 34457 2125 34 during during IN 34457 2125 35 the the DT 34457 2125 36 process process NN 34457 2125 37 . . . 34457 2126 1 B b NN 34457 2126 2 is be VBZ 34457 2126 3 the the DT 34457 2126 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2126 5 point point NN 34457 2126 6 for for IN 34457 2126 7 iodine iodine NN 34457 2126 8 and and CC 34457 2126 9 iodine iodine NN 34457 2126 10 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2126 11 . . . 34457 2127 1 Just just RB 34457 2127 2 as as IN 34457 2127 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2127 4 found find VBD 34457 2127 5 in in IN 34457 2127 6 the the DT 34457 2127 7 case case NN 34457 2127 8 of of IN 34457 2127 9 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 2127 10 salt salt NN 34457 2127 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 2127 12 that that WDT 34457 2127 13 at at IN 34457 2127 14 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2127 15 above above IN 34457 2127 16 the the DT 34457 2127 17 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2127 18 or or CC 34457 2127 19 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2127 20 point point NN 34457 2127 21 , , , 34457 2127 22 two two CD 34457 2127 23 different different JJ 34457 2127 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 2127 25 could could MD 34457 2127 26 exist exist VB 34457 2127 27 , , , 34457 2127 28 one one CD 34457 2127 29 in in IN 34457 2127 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2127 31 with with IN 34457 2127 32 ice ice NN 34457 2127 33 , , , 34457 2127 34 the the DT 34457 2127 35 other other JJ 34457 2127 36 in in IN 34457 2127 37 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2127 38 with with IN 34457 2127 39 the the DT 34457 2127 40 salt salt NN 34457 2127 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2127 42 or or CC 34457 2127 43 salt salt NN 34457 2127 44 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2127 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2127 46 , , , 34457 2127 47 so so CC 34457 2127 48 in in IN 34457 2127 49 the the DT 34457 2127 50 case case NN 34457 2127 51 of of IN 34457 2127 52 iodine iodine NN 34457 2127 53 and and CC 34457 2127 54 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2127 55 there there EX 34457 2127 56 can can MD 34457 2127 57 be be VB 34457 2127 58 two two CD 34457 2127 59 solutions solution NNS 34457 2127 60 above above IN 34457 2127 61 the the DT 34457 2127 62 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2127 63 point point NN 34457 2127 64 B B NNP 34457 2127 65 , , , 34457 2127 66 one one NN 34457 2127 67 containing contain VBG 34457 2127 68 a a DT 34457 2127 69 lower low JJR 34457 2127 70 proportion proportion NN 34457 2127 71 of of IN 34457 2127 72 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2127 73 in in IN 34457 2127 74 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2127 75 with with IN 34457 2127 76 iodine iodine NN 34457 2127 77 , , , 34457 2127 78 the the DT 34457 2127 79 other other JJ 34457 2127 80 containing contain VBG 34457 2127 81 a a DT 34457 2127 82 higher high JJR 34457 2127 83 proportion proportion NN 34457 2127 84 of of IN 34457 2127 85 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2127 86 in in IN 34457 2127 87 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2127 88 with with IN 34457 2127 89 iodine iodine NN 34457 2127 90 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2127 91 . . . 34457 2128 1 The the DT 34457 2128 2 composition composition NN 34457 2128 3 of of IN 34457 2128 4 the the DT 34457 2128 5 latter latter JJ 34457 2128 6 solution solution NN 34457 2128 7 is be VBZ 34457 2128 8 represented represent VBN 34457 2128 9 by by IN 34457 2128 10 the the DT 34457 2128 11 curve curve NN 34457 2128 12 BCD BCD NNP 34457 2128 13 . . . 34457 2129 1 As as IN 34457 2129 2 the the DT 34457 2129 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 2129 4 of of IN 34457 2129 5 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2129 6 is be VBZ 34457 2129 7 increased increase VBN 34457 2129 8 , , , 34457 2129 9 the the DT 34457 2129 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2129 11 at at IN 34457 2129 12 which which WDT 34457 2129 13 there there EX 34457 2129 14 is be VBZ 34457 2129 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2129 16 between between IN 34457 2129 17 iodine iodine NN 34457 2129 18 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2129 19 and and CC 34457 2129 20 solution solution NN 34457 2129 21 rises rise VBZ 34457 2129 22 until until IN 34457 2129 23 a a DT 34457 2129 24 point point NN 34457 2129 25 is be VBZ 34457 2129 26 reached reach VBN 34457 2129 27 at at IN 34457 2129 28 which which WDT 34457 2129 29 the the DT 34457 2129 30 composition composition NN 34457 2129 31 of of IN 34457 2129 32 the the DT 34457 2129 33 solution solution NN 34457 2129 34 is be VBZ 34457 2129 35 the the DT 34457 2129 36 same same JJ 34457 2129 37 as as IN 34457 2129 38 that that DT 34457 2129 39 of of IN 34457 2129 40 the the DT 34457 2129 41 solid solid JJ 34457 2129 42 . . . 34457 2130 1 At at IN 34457 2130 2 this this DT 34457 2130 3 point point NN 34457 2130 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2130 5 C C NNP 34457 2130 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2130 7 , , , 34457 2130 8 iodine iodine NN 34457 2130 9 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2130 10 melts melt NNS 34457 2130 11 . . . 34457 2131 1 Addition addition NN 34457 2131 2 of of IN 34457 2131 3 one one CD 34457 2131 4 of of IN 34457 2131 5 the the DT 34457 2131 6 components component NNS 34457 2131 7 will will MD 34457 2131 8 lower lower VB 34457 2131 9 the the DT 34457 2131 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2131 11 of of IN 34457 2131 12 fusion fusion NN 34457 2131 13 , , , 34457 2131 14 and and CC 34457 2131 15 a a DT 34457 2131 16 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2131 17 curve,[243 curve,[243 NN 34457 2131 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2131 19 exhibiting exhibit VBG 34457 2131 20 a a DT 34457 2131 21 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 2131 22 portion portion NN 34457 2131 23 as as IN 34457 2131 24 in in IN 34457 2131 25 the the DT 34457 2131 26 case case NN 34457 2131 27 of of IN 34457 2131 28 CaCl_{2},6H_{2}O CaCl_{2},6H_{2}O NNP 34457 2131 29 , , , 34457 2131 30 will will MD 34457 2131 31 be be VB 34457 2131 32 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2131 33 . . . 34457 2132 1 At at IN 34457 2132 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2132 3 below below IN 34457 2132 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2132 5 melting melting NN 34457 2132 6 point point NN 34457 2132 7 , , , 34457 2132 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2132 9 , , , 34457 2132 10 iodine iodine NN 34457 2132 11 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2132 12 can can MD 34457 2132 13 be be VB 34457 2132 14 in in IN 34457 2132 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2132 16 with with IN 34457 2132 17 two two CD 34457 2132 18 different different JJ 34457 2132 19 solutions solution NNS 34457 2132 20 . . . 34457 2133 1 The the DT 34457 2133 2 upper upper JJ 34457 2133 3 portion portion NN 34457 2133 4 of of IN 34457 2133 5 this this DT 34457 2133 6 curve curve NN 34457 2133 7 , , , 34457 2133 8 CD cd NN 34457 2133 9 , , , 34457 2133 10 can can MD 34457 2133 11 be be VB 34457 2133 12 followed follow VBN 34457 2133 13 downwards downwards RB 34457 2133 14 to to IN 34457 2133 15 a a DT 34457 2133 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 2133 17 of of IN 34457 2133 18 22.7 22.7â CD 34457 2133 19 ° ° NNS 34457 2133 20 . . . 34457 2134 1 At at IN 34457 2134 2 this this DT 34457 2134 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2134 4 iodine iodine NN 34457 2134 5 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2134 6 can can MD 34457 2134 7 separate separate VB 34457 2134 8 out out RP 34457 2134 9 , , , 34457 2134 10 and and CC 34457 2134 11 a a DT 34457 2134 12 second second JJ 34457 2134 13 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 2134 14 { { -LRB- 34457 2134 15 164 164 CD 34457 2134 16 } } -RRB- 34457 2134 17 point point NN 34457 2134 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2134 19 D d NN 34457 2134 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2134 21 is be VBZ 34457 2134 22 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2134 23 . . . 34457 2135 1 This this DT 34457 2135 2 is be VBZ 34457 2135 3 the the DT 34457 2135 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2135 5 point point NN 34457 2135 6 for for IN 34457 2135 7 iodine iodine NN 34457 2135 8 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2135 9 and and CC 34457 2135 10 iodine iodine NN 34457 2135 11 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2135 12 . . . 34457 2136 1 By by IN 34457 2136 2 addition addition NN 34457 2136 3 of of IN 34457 2136 4 heat heat NN 34457 2136 5 and and CC 34457 2136 6 increase increase VB 34457 2136 7 in in IN 34457 2136 8 the the DT 34457 2136 9 amount amount NN 34457 2136 10 of of IN 34457 2136 11 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2136 12 , , , 34457 2136 13 the the DT 34457 2136 14 iodine iodine NN 34457 2136 15 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2136 16 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 2136 17 , , , 34457 2136 18 and and CC 34457 2136 19 the the DT 34457 2136 20 system system NN 34457 2136 21 passes pass VBZ 34457 2136 22 along along IN 34457 2136 23 the the DT 34457 2136 24 curve curve NN 34457 2136 25 DE DE NNP 34457 2136 26 , , , 34457 2136 27 which which WDT 34457 2136 28 represents represent VBZ 34457 2136 29 the the DT 34457 2136 30 composition composition NN 34457 2136 31 of of IN 34457 2136 32 the the DT 34457 2136 33 solutions solution NNS 34457 2136 34 in in IN 34457 2136 35 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2136 36 with with IN 34457 2136 37 solid solid JJ 34457 2136 38 iodine iodine NN 34457 2136 39 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2136 40 . . . 34457 2137 1 The the DT 34457 2137 2 concentration concentration NN 34457 2137 3 of of IN 34457 2137 4 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2137 5 in in IN 34457 2137 6 the the DT 34457 2137 7 solution solution NN 34457 2137 8 increases increase NNS 34457 2137 9 as as IN 34457 2137 10 the the DT 34457 2137 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 2137 12 is be VBZ 34457 2137 13 raised raise VBN 34457 2137 14 , , , 34457 2137 15 until until IN 34457 2137 16 at at IN 34457 2137 17 the the DT 34457 2137 18 point point NN 34457 2137 19 E e NN 34457 2137 20 , , , 34457 2137 21 where where WRB 34457 2137 22 the the DT 34457 2137 23 solution solution NN 34457 2137 24 has have VBZ 34457 2137 25 the the DT 34457 2137 26 same same JJ 34457 2137 27 composition composition NN 34457 2137 28 as as IN 34457 2137 29 the the DT 34457 2137 30 solid solid JJ 34457 2137 31 , , , 34457 2137 32 the the DT 34457 2137 33 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2137 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 2137 35 is be VBZ 34457 2137 36 reached reach VBN 34457 2137 37 ; ; : 34457 2137 38 the the DT 34457 2137 39 iodine iodine NN 34457 2137 40 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2137 41 melts melt NNS 34457 2137 42 . . . 34457 2138 1 On on IN 34457 2138 2 increasing increase VBG 34457 2138 3 still still RB 34457 2138 4 further far RBR 34457 2138 5 the the DT 34457 2138 6 concentration concentration NN 34457 2138 7 of of IN 34457 2138 8 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2138 9 in in IN 34457 2138 10 the the DT 34457 2138 11 solution solution NN 34457 2138 12 , , , 34457 2138 13 the the DT 34457 2138 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 2138 15 of of IN 34457 2138 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2138 17 falls fall VBZ 34457 2138 18 , , , 34457 2138 19 and and CC 34457 2138 20 a a DT 34457 2138 21 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2138 22 curve curve NN 34457 2138 23 , , , 34457 2138 24 similar similar JJ 34457 2138 25 to to IN 34457 2138 26 that that DT 34457 2138 27 for for IN 34457 2138 28 the the DT 34457 2138 29 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2138 30 , , , 34457 2138 31 is be VBZ 34457 2138 32 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2138 33 . . . 34457 2139 1 The the DT 34457 2139 2 upper upper JJ 34457 2139 3 branch branch NN 34457 2139 4 of of IN 34457 2139 5 this this DT 34457 2139 6 curve curve NN 34457 2139 7 has have VBZ 34457 2139 8 been be VBN 34457 2139 9 followed follow VBN 34457 2139 10 down down RP 34457 2139 11 to to IN 34457 2139 12 a a DT 34457 2139 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2139 14 of of IN 34457 2139 15 30 30 NNP 34457 2139 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2139 17 , , , 34457 2139 18 the the DT 34457 2139 19 solution solution NN 34457 2139 20 at at IN 34457 2139 21 this this DT 34457 2139 22 point point NN 34457 2139 23 containing contain VBG 34457 2139 24 99.6 99.6 CD 34457 2139 25 per per IN 34457 2139 26 cent cent NN 34457 2139 27 . . . 34457 2140 1 of of IN 34457 2140 2 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2140 3 . . . 34457 2141 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2141 2 244 244 CD 34457 2141 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2141 4 The the DT 34457 2141 5 very very RB 34457 2141 6 rounded rounded JJ 34457 2141 7 form form NN 34457 2141 8 of of IN 34457 2141 9 the the DT 34457 2141 10 curve curve NN 34457 2141 11 is be VBZ 34457 2141 12 due due JJ 34457 2141 13 to to IN 34457 2141 14 the the DT 34457 2141 15 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2141 16 being be VBG 34457 2141 17 largely largely RB 34457 2141 18 dissociated dissociate VBN 34457 2141 19 in in IN 34457 2141 20 the the DT 34457 2141 21 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2141 22 state state NN 34457 2141 23 . . . 34457 2142 1 One one CD 34457 2142 2 curve curve NN 34457 2142 3 still still RB 34457 2142 4 remains remain VBZ 34457 2142 5 to to TO 34457 2142 6 be be VB 34457 2142 7 considered consider VBN 34457 2142 8 . . . 34457 2143 1 As as IN 34457 2143 2 has have VBZ 34457 2143 3 already already RB 34457 2143 4 been be VBN 34457 2143 5 mentioned mention VBN 34457 2143 6 , , , 34457 2143 7 iodine iodine JJ 34457 2143 8 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2143 9 can can MD 34457 2143 10 exist exist VB 34457 2143 11 in in IN 34457 2143 12 two two CD 34457 2143 13 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 2143 14 forms form NNS 34457 2143 15 , , , 34457 2143 16 only only RB 34457 2143 17 one one CD 34457 2143 18 of of IN 34457 2143 19 which which WDT 34457 2143 20 , , , 34457 2143 21 however however RB 34457 2143 22 , , , 34457 2143 23 is be VBZ 34457 2143 24 stable stable JJ 34457 2143 25 at at IN 34457 2143 26 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2143 27 below below IN 34457 2143 28 the the DT 34457 2143 29 melting melting NN 34457 2143 30 point point NN 34457 2143 31 ; ; : 34457 2143 32 the the DT 34457 2143 33 two two CD 34457 2143 34 forms form NNS 34457 2143 35 are be VBP 34457 2143 36 _ _ NNP 34457 2143 37 monotropic monotropic JJ 34457 2143 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2143 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2143 40 p. p. NN 34457 2143 41 44 44 CD 34457 2143 42 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2143 43 . . . 34457 2144 1 The the DT 34457 2144 2 stable stable JJ 34457 2144 3 form form NN 34457 2144 4 which which WDT 34457 2144 5 melts melt NNS 34457 2144 6 at at IN 34457 2144 7 27.2 27.2â CD 34457 2144 8 ° ° NNS 34457 2144 9 , , , 34457 2144 10 is be VBZ 34457 2144 11 called call VBN 34457 2144 12 the the DT 34457 2144 13 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2144 14 alpha]-form alpha]-form NN 34457 2144 15 , , , 34457 2144 16 while while IN 34457 2144 17 the the DT 34457 2144 18 less less RBR 34457 2144 19 stable stable JJ 34457 2144 20 variety variety NN 34457 2144 21 , , , 34457 2144 22 melting melt VBG 34457 2144 23 at at IN 34457 2144 24 13.9 13.9â CD 34457 2144 25 ° ° NNS 34457 2144 26 , , , 34457 2144 27 is be VBZ 34457 2144 28 known know VBN 34457 2144 29 as as IN 34457 2144 30 the the DT 34457 2144 31 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2144 32 beta]-form beta]-form NN 34457 2144 33 . . . 34457 2145 1 If if IN 34457 2145 2 , , , 34457 2145 3 now now RB 34457 2145 4 , , , 34457 2145 5 the the DT 34457 2145 6 presence presence NN 34457 2145 7 of of IN 34457 2145 8 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2145 9 alpha]-ICl alpha]-ICl NNP 34457 2145 10 is be VBZ 34457 2145 11 excluded exclude VBN 34457 2145 12 , , , 34457 2145 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2145 14 is be VBZ 34457 2145 15 possible possible JJ 34457 2145 16 to to TO 34457 2145 17 obtain obtain VB 34457 2145 18 the the DT 34457 2145 19 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2145 20 beta]-form beta]-form NN 34457 2145 21 , , , 34457 2145 22 and and CC 34457 2145 23 to to TO 34457 2145 24 study study VB 34457 2145 25 the the DT 34457 2145 26 conditions condition NNS 34457 2145 27 of of IN 34457 2145 28 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2145 29 between between IN 34457 2145 30 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2145 31 and and CC 34457 2145 32 solutions solution NNS 34457 2145 33 of of IN 34457 2145 34 iodine iodine NN 34457 2145 35 and and CC 34457 2145 36 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2145 37 , , , 34457 2145 38 from from IN 34457 2145 39 the the DT 34457 2145 40 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2145 41 point point NN 34457 2145 42 F F NNP 34457 2145 43 to to IN 34457 2145 44 the the DT 34457 2145 45 melting melting NN 34457 2145 46 point point NN 34457 2145 47 G. G. NNP 34457 2145 48 As as IN 34457 2145 49 the the DT 34457 2145 50 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2145 51 beta]-ICl beta]-ICl NNP 34457 2145 52 becomes become VBZ 34457 2145 53 less less RBR 34457 2145 54 stable stable JJ 34457 2145 55 in in IN 34457 2145 56 presence presence NN 34457 2145 57 of of IN 34457 2145 58 excess excess NN 34457 2145 59 of of IN 34457 2145 60 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2145 61 , , , 34457 2145 62 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2145 63 has have VBZ 34457 2145 64 not not RB 34457 2145 65 been be VBN 34457 2145 66 possible possible JJ 34457 2145 67 to to TO 34457 2145 68 study study VB 34457 2145 69 the the DT 34457 2145 70 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 2145 71 portion portion NN 34457 2145 72 of of IN 34457 2145 73 the the DT 34457 2145 74 curve curve NN 34457 2145 75 represented represent VBN 34457 2145 76 by by IN 34457 2145 77 the the DT 34457 2145 78 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2145 79 continuation continuation NN 34457 2145 80 of of IN 34457 2145 81 FG FG NNP 34457 2145 82 . . . 34457 2146 1 The the DT 34457 2146 2 following follow VBG 34457 2146 3 table table NN 34457 2146 4 gives give VBZ 34457 2146 5 some some DT 34457 2146 6 of of IN 34457 2146 7 the the DT 34457 2146 8 numerical numerical JJ 34457 2146 9 data datum NNS 34457 2146 10 from from IN 34457 2146 11 which which WDT 34457 2146 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2146 13 . . . 34457 2147 1 42 42 CD 34457 2147 2 was be VBD 34457 2147 3 constructed construct VBN 34457 2147 4 . . . 34457 2148 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2148 2 245 245 CD 34457 2148 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2148 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2148 5 165 165 CD 34457 2148 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2148 7 IODINE IODINE NNP 34457 2148 8 AND and CC 34457 2148 9 CHLORINE CHLORINE NNP 34457 2148 10 . . . 34457 2149 1 I. I. NNP 34457 2150 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2150 2 Invariant Invariant NNP 34457 2150 3 systems system NNS 34457 2150 4 . . . 34457 2150 5 _ _ NNP 34457 2150 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NNP 34457 2150 7 | | NNP 34457 2150 8 | | NNP 34457 2150 9 Phases phase NNS 34457 2150 10 present present JJ 34457 2150 11 . . . 34457 2151 1 Temper-| temper-| ADD 34457 2151 2 Pressure.+--------------------+-----------------+-------------- Pressure.+--------------------+-----------------+-------------- NNS 34457 2151 3 ature ature VBP 34457 2151 4 . . . 34457 2152 1 | | NNP 34457 2152 2 | | NNP 34457 2152 3 Solid solid RB 34457 2152 4 . . . 34457 2153 1 | | NNP 34457 2153 2 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 2153 3 . . . 34457 2154 1 | | NNP 34457 2154 2 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 2154 3 . . . 34457 2155 1 --------+----------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------- --------+----------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------- NNP 34457 2155 2 7.9 7.9 NNP 34457 2155 3 ° ° NNS 34457 2155 4 | | NNP 34457 2155 5 11 11 CD 34457 2155 6 mm mm CD 34457 2155 7 . . . 34457 2156 1 | | NNP 34457 2156 2 I_{2},[alpha]-ICl i_{2},[alpha]-icl CC 34457 2156 3 | | NNP 34457 2156 4 I[wavy]Cl_{0.66}| I[wavy]Cl_{0.66}| NNS 34457 2156 5 I -PRON- PRP 34457 2156 6 + + CC 34457 2156 7 Cl_{0.92 Cl_{0.92 NNP 34457 2156 8 } } -RRB- 34457 2156 9 0.9 0.9â NN 34457 2156 10 ° ° , 34457 2156 11 | | NNP 34457 2156 12 -- -- : 34457 2156 13 | | NNP 34457 2156 14 I_{2},[beta]-ICl i_{2},[beta]-icl NN 34457 2156 15 | | CD 34457 2156 16 I[wavy]Cl_{0.72}| I[wavy]Cl_{0.72}| NNS 34457 2156 17 -- -- : 34457 2156 18 22.7 22.7â CD 34457 2156 19 ° ° , 34457 2156 20 | | NNP 34457 2156 21 42 42 CD 34457 2156 22 mm mm NNS 34457 2156 23 . . . 34457 2157 1 | | NNP 34457 2157 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2157 3 alpha]-ICl alpha]-ICl NNP 34457 2157 4 , , , 34457 2157 5 ICl_{3}| icl_{3}| FW 34457 2157 6 I[wavy]Cl_{1.19}| i[wavy]cl_{1.19}| XX 34457 2157 7 I i NN 34457 2157 8 + + CC 34457 2157 9 Cl_{1.75 cl_{1.75 NN 34457 2157 10 } } -RRB- 34457 2157 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2157 12 -102 -102â NN 34457 2157 13 ° ° , 34457 2157 14 | | NNP 34457 2157 15 < < XX 34457 2157 16 1 1 CD 34457 2157 17 atm atm NN 34457 2157 18 . . . 34457 2158 1 | | NNP 34457 2158 2 ICl_{3},Cl_{2 ICl_{3},Cl_{2 NNP 34457 2158 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2158 4 | | NNP 34457 2158 5 I[wavy]Cl_{m I[wavy]Cl_{m NNP 34457 2158 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2158 7 | | NNS 34457 2158 8 I i NN 34457 2158 9 + + CC 34457 2158 10 Cl_{n Cl_{n NNP 34457 2158 11 } } -RRB- 34457 2158 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2158 13 --------+----------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------- --------+----------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------- NN 34457 2158 14 II II NNP 34457 2158 15 . . . 34457 2159 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2159 2 Melting Melting NNP 34457 2159 3 points point NNS 34457 2159 4 . . . 34457 2159 5 _ _ NNP 34457 2159 6 A. A. NNP 34457 2159 7 Iodine,[246 Iodine,[246 NNP 34457 2159 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2159 9 114.15 114.15 NNP 34457 2159 10 ° ° NNS 34457 2159 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2159 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 2159 13 89.8 89.8 CD 34457 2159 14 mm mm NNP 34457 2159 15 . . . 34457 2159 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2159 17 . . . 34457 2160 1 C. C. NNP 34457 2160 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2160 3 alpha]-Iodine alpha]-iodine NN 34457 2160 4 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2160 5 , , , 34457 2160 6 27.2 27.2â CD 34457 2160 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2160 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2160 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 2160 10 37 37 CD 34457 2160 11 mm mm NNS 34457 2160 12 . . . 34457 2160 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2160 14 . . . 34457 2161 1 E. E. NNP 34457 2161 2 Iodine Iodine NNP 34457 2161 3 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2161 4 , , , 34457 2161 5 101 101â CD 34457 2161 6 ° ° , 34457 2161 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2161 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 2161 9 16 16 CD 34457 2161 10 atm atm NN 34457 2161 11 . . . 34457 2161 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2161 13 . . . 34457 2162 1 G. G. NNP 34457 2162 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2162 3 beta]-Iodine beta]-iodine NN 34457 2162 4 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2162 5 , , , 34457 2162 6 13.9 13.9â CD 34457 2162 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2162 8 . . . 34457 2163 1 Since since IN 34457 2163 2 the the DT 34457 2163 3 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2163 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 2163 5 at at IN 34457 2163 6 the the DT 34457 2163 7 melting melting NN 34457 2163 8 point point NN 34457 2163 9 of of IN 34457 2163 10 iodine iodine NN 34457 2163 11 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2163 12 amounts amount VBZ 34457 2163 13 to to IN 34457 2163 14 16 16 CD 34457 2163 15 atm atm NN 34457 2163 16 . . . 34457 2163 17 , , , 34457 2163 18 the the DT 34457 2163 19 experiments experiment NNS 34457 2163 20 must must MD 34457 2163 21 of of IN 34457 2163 22 course course NN 34457 2163 23 be be VB 34457 2163 24 carried carry VBN 34457 2163 25 out out RP 34457 2163 26 in in IN 34457 2163 27 closed closed JJ 34457 2163 28 vessels vessel NNS 34457 2163 29 . . . 34457 2164 1 At at IN 34457 2164 2 63.7 63.7â CD 34457 2164 3 ° ° , 34457 2164 4 the the DT 34457 2164 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2164 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 2164 7 of of IN 34457 2164 8 the the DT 34457 2164 9 system system NN 34457 2164 10 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2164 11 -- -- : 34457 2164 12 solution solution NN 34457 2164 13 -- -- : 34457 2164 14 vapour vapour RB 34457 2164 15 is be VBZ 34457 2164 16 equal equal JJ 34457 2164 17 to to IN 34457 2164 18 1 1 CD 34457 2164 19 atm atm NN 34457 2164 20 . . . 34457 2165 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 2165 2 - - HYPH 34457 2165 3 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2165 4 Diagram.--In Diagram.--In VBZ 34457 2165 5 this this DT 34457 2165 6 diagram diagram NN 34457 2165 7 there there EX 34457 2165 8 are be VBP 34457 2165 9 represented represent VBN 34457 2165 10 the the DT 34457 2165 11 values value NNS 34457 2165 12 of of IN 34457 2165 13 the the DT 34457 2165 14 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2165 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 2165 16 of of IN 34457 2165 17 the the DT 34457 2165 18 saturated saturate VBN 34457 2165 19 solutions solution NNS 34457 2165 20 of of IN 34457 2165 21 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2165 22 and and CC 34457 2165 23 iodine iodine NN 34457 2165 24 . . . 34457 2166 1 To to TO 34457 2166 2 give give VB 34457 2166 3 a a DT 34457 2166 4 complete complete JJ 34457 2166 5 picture picture NN 34457 2166 6 of of IN 34457 2166 7 the the DT 34457 2166 8 relations relation NNS 34457 2166 9 between between IN 34457 2166 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 2166 11 , , , 34457 2166 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 2166 13 , , , 34457 2166 14 and and CC 34457 2166 15 concentration concentration NN 34457 2166 16 , , , 34457 2166 17 a a DT 34457 2166 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2166 19 model model NN 34457 2166 20 would would MD 34457 2166 21 be be VB 34457 2166 22 required require VBN 34457 2166 23 , , , 34457 2166 24 with with IN 34457 2166 25 three three CD 34457 2166 26 axes axis NNS 34457 2166 27 at at IN 34457 2166 28 right right JJ 34457 2166 29 angles angle NNS 34457 2166 30 to to IN 34457 2166 31 one one CD 34457 2166 32 another another DT 34457 2166 33 along along IN 34457 2166 34 which which WDT 34457 2166 35 could could MD 34457 2166 36 be be VB 34457 2166 37 measured measure VBN 34457 2166 38 the the DT 34457 2166 39 values value NNS 34457 2166 40 of of IN 34457 2166 41 pressure pressure NN 34457 2166 42 , , , 34457 2166 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 2166 44 , , , 34457 2166 45 and and CC 34457 2166 46 concentration concentration NN 34457 2166 47 of of IN 34457 2166 48 the the DT 34457 2166 49 components component NNS 34457 2166 50 in in IN 34457 2166 51 the the DT 34457 2166 52 solution solution NN 34457 2166 53 . . . 34457 2167 1 Instead instead RB 34457 2167 2 of of IN 34457 2167 3 this this DT 34457 2167 4 , , , 34457 2167 5 however however RB 34457 2167 6 , , , 34457 2167 7 there there EX 34457 2167 8 may may MD 34457 2167 9 be be VB 34457 2167 10 employed employ VBN 34457 2167 11 the the DT 34457 2167 12 accompanying accompany VBG 34457 2167 13 projection projection NN 34457 2167 14 figure[247 figure[247 NNS 34457 2167 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2167 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2167 17 Fig fig NN 34457 2167 18 . . . 34457 2168 1 43 43 LS 34457 2168 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2168 3 , , , 34457 2168 4 the the DT 34457 2168 5 lower low JJR 34457 2168 6 portion portion NN 34457 2168 7 of of IN 34457 2168 8 which which WDT 34457 2168 9 shows show VBZ 34457 2168 10 the the DT 34457 2168 11 projection projection NN 34457 2168 12 of of IN 34457 2168 13 the the DT 34457 2168 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2168 15 curve curve NN 34457 2168 16 on on IN 34457 2168 17 the the DT 34457 2168 18 surface surface NN 34457 2168 19 containing contain VBG 34457 2168 20 the the DT 34457 2168 21 concentration concentration NN 34457 2168 22 and and CC 34457 2168 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2168 24 axes axis NNS 34457 2168 25 , , , 34457 2168 26 while while IN 34457 2168 27 the the DT 34457 2168 28 upper upper JJ 34457 2168 29 portion portion NN 34457 2168 30 is be VBZ 34457 2168 31 the the DT 34457 2168 32 projection projection NN 34457 2168 33 on on IN 34457 2168 34 the the DT 34457 2168 35 plane plane NN 34457 2168 36 containing contain VBG 34457 2168 37 the the DT 34457 2168 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 2168 39 and and CC 34457 2168 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 2168 41 axes axis NNS 34457 2168 42 . . . 34457 2169 1 The the DT 34457 2169 2 lower low JJR 34457 2169 3 portion portion NN 34457 2169 4 is be VBZ 34457 2169 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2169 6 a a DT 34457 2169 7 concentration concentration NN 34457 2169 8 - - HYPH 34457 2169 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 2169 10 diagram diagram NN 34457 2169 11 ; ; : 34457 2169 12 { { -LRB- 34457 2169 13 166 166 CD 34457 2169 14 } } -RRB- 34457 2169 15 the the DT 34457 2169 16 upper upper JJ 34457 2169 17 portion portion NN 34457 2169 18 , , , 34457 2169 19 a a DT 34457 2169 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 2169 21 - - HYPH 34457 2169 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 2169 23 diagram diagram NN 34457 2169 24 . . . 34457 2170 1 The the DT 34457 2170 2 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2170 3 points point NNS 34457 2170 4 of of IN 34457 2170 5 the the DT 34457 2170 6 two two CD 34457 2170 7 diagrams diagram NNS 34457 2170 8 are be VBP 34457 2170 9 joined join VBN 34457 2170 10 by by IN 34457 2170 11 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2170 12 lines line NNS 34457 2170 13 . . . 34457 2171 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2171 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2171 3 : : : 34457 2171 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2171 5 . . . 34457 2172 1 43 43 CD 34457 2172 2 . . . 34457 2172 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2173 1 Corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2173 2 to to IN 34457 2173 3 the the DT 34457 2173 4 point point NN 34457 2173 5 C C NNP 34457 2173 6 , , , 34457 2173 7 the the DT 34457 2173 8 melting melting NN 34457 2173 9 point point NN 34457 2173 10 of of IN 34457 2173 11 pure pure JJ 34457 2173 12 iodine iodine NN 34457 2173 13 , , , 34457 2173 14 there there EX 34457 2173 15 is be VBZ 34457 2173 16 the the DT 34457 2173 17 point point NN 34457 2173 18 C_{1 C_{1 NNP 34457 2173 19 } } -RRB- 34457 2173 20 , , , 34457 2173 21 which which WDT 34457 2173 22 represents represent VBZ 34457 2173 23 the the DT 34457 2173 24 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2173 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 2173 26 of of IN 34457 2173 27 iodine iodine NN 34457 2173 28 at at IN 34457 2173 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2173 30 melting melting NN 34457 2173 31 point point NN 34457 2173 32 . . . 34457 2174 1 At at IN 34457 2174 2 this this DT 34457 2174 3 point point NN 34457 2174 4 three three CD 34457 2174 5 curves curve NNS 34457 2174 6 cut cut NN 34457 2174 7 : : : 34457 2174 8 1 1 CD 34457 2174 9 , , , 34457 2174 10 the the DT 34457 2174 11 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 2174 12 curve curve NN 34457 2174 13 of of IN 34457 2174 14 iodine iodine NN 34457 2174 15 ; ; : 34457 2174 16 2 2 CD 34457 2174 17 , , , 34457 2174 18 the the DT 34457 2174 19 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 2174 20 curve curve NN 34457 2174 21 of of IN 34457 2174 22 fused fuse VBN 34457 2174 23 iodine iodine NN 34457 2174 24 ; ; : 34457 2174 25 3 3 CD 34457 2174 26 , , , 34457 2174 27 C_{1}B_{1 C_{1}B_{1 NNP 34457 2174 28 } } -RRB- 34457 2174 29 , , , 34457 2174 30 the the DT 34457 2174 31 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2174 32 - - HYPH 34457 2174 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 2174 34 curve curve NN 34457 2174 35 of of IN 34457 2174 36 the the DT 34457 2174 37 saturated saturate VBN 34457 2174 38 solutions solution NNS 34457 2174 39 in in IN 34457 2174 40 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2174 41 with with IN 34457 2174 42 solid solid JJ 34457 2174 43 iodine iodine NN 34457 2174 44 . . . 34457 2175 1 Starting start VBG 34457 2175 2 , , , 34457 2175 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2175 4 , , , 34457 2175 5 with with IN 34457 2175 6 the the DT 34457 2175 7 system system NN 34457 2175 8 solid solid JJ 34457 2175 9 iodine iodine NN 34457 2175 10 -- -- : 34457 2175 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2175 12 iodine iodine NN 34457 2175 13 , , , 34457 2175 14 addition addition NN 34457 2175 15 of of IN 34457 2175 16 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2175 17 will will MD 34457 2175 18 cause cause VB 34457 2175 19 the the DT 34457 2175 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2175 21 of of IN 34457 2175 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2175 23 to to TO 34457 2175 24 fall fall VB 34457 2175 25 continuously continuously RB 34457 2175 26 , , , 34457 2175 27 while while IN 34457 2175 28 the the DT 34457 2175 29 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2175 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 2175 31 will will MD 34457 2175 32 first first RB 34457 2175 33 increase increase VB 34457 2175 34 , , , 34457 2175 35 pass pass VB 34457 2175 36 through through RP 34457 2175 37 a a DT 34457 2175 38 maximum maximum NN 34457 2175 39 and and CC 34457 2175 40 then then RB 34457 2175 41 fall fall VB 34457 2175 42 continuously continuously RB 34457 2175 43 { { -LRB- 34457 2175 44 167 167 CD 34457 2175 45 } } -RRB- 34457 2175 46 until until IN 34457 2175 47 the the DT 34457 2175 48 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2175 49 point point NN 34457 2175 50 , , , 34457 2175 51 B b NN 34457 2175 52 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2175 53 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 2175 54 } } -RRB- 34457 2175 55 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2175 56 , , , 34457 2175 57 is be VBZ 34457 2175 58 reached reach VBN 34457 2175 59 . . . 34457 2176 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2176 2 248 248 CD 34457 2176 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2176 4 At at IN 34457 2176 5 this this DT 34457 2176 6 point point NN 34457 2176 7 the the DT 34457 2176 8 system system NN 34457 2176 9 is be VBZ 34457 2176 10 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2176 11 , , , 34457 2176 12 and and CC 34457 2176 13 the the DT 34457 2176 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 2176 15 will will MD 34457 2176 16 therefore therefore RB 34457 2176 17 remain remain VB 34457 2176 18 constant constant JJ 34457 2176 19 until until IN 34457 2176 20 all all PDT 34457 2176 21 the the DT 34457 2176 22 iodine iodine NN 34457 2176 23 has have VBZ 34457 2176 24 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 2176 25 . . . 34457 2177 1 As as IN 34457 2177 2 the the DT 34457 2177 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 2177 4 of of IN 34457 2177 5 the the DT 34457 2177 6 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2177 7 increases increase NNS 34457 2177 8 in in IN 34457 2177 9 the the DT 34457 2177 10 manner manner NN 34457 2177 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2177 12 by by IN 34457 2177 13 the the DT 34457 2177 14 curve curve NN 34457 2177 15 B_f_H B_f_H NNP 34457 2177 16 , , , 34457 2177 17 the the DT 34457 2177 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 2177 19 of of IN 34457 2177 20 the the DT 34457 2177 21 vapour vapour NN 34457 2177 22 also also RB 34457 2177 23 increases increase VBZ 34457 2177 24 as as IN 34457 2177 25 represented represent VBN 34457 2177 26 by by IN 34457 2177 27 the the DT 34457 2177 28 curve curve NN 34457 2177 29 B_{1}_f__{1}H_{1 B_{1}_f__{1}H_{1 NNP 34457 2177 30 } } -RRB- 34457 2177 31 . . . 34457 2178 1 At at IN 34457 2178 2 H_{1 H_{1 NNP 34457 2178 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2178 4 , , , 34457 2178 5 the the DT 34457 2178 6 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2178 7 point point NN 34457 2178 8 for for IN 34457 2178 9 iodine iodine NN 34457 2178 10 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2178 11 and and CC 34457 2178 12 iodine iodine NN 34457 2178 13 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2178 14 , , , 34457 2178 15 the the DT 34457 2178 16 pressure pressure NN 34457 2178 17 again again RB 34457 2178 18 remains remain VBZ 34457 2178 19 constant constant JJ 34457 2178 20 until until IN 34457 2178 21 all all PDT 34457 2178 22 the the DT 34457 2178 23 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2178 24 has have VBZ 34457 2178 25 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 2178 26 . . . 34457 2179 1 As as IN 34457 2179 2 the the DT 34457 2179 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 2179 4 of of IN 34457 2179 5 the the DT 34457 2179 6 solution solution NN 34457 2179 7 passes pass VBZ 34457 2179 8 along along IN 34457 2179 9 the the DT 34457 2179 10 curve curve NN 34457 2179 11 HF HF NNP 34457 2179 12 , , , 34457 2179 13 the the DT 34457 2179 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 2179 15 of of IN 34457 2179 16 the the DT 34457 2179 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 2179 18 increases increase NNS 34457 2179 19 as as IN 34457 2179 20 represented represent VBN 34457 2179 21 by by IN 34457 2179 22 the the DT 34457 2179 23 curve curve NN 34457 2179 24 H_{1}F_{1 H_{1}F_{1 NNP 34457 2179 25 } } -RRB- 34457 2179 26 ; ; : 34457 2179 27 F_{1 F_{1 NNP 34457 2179 28 } } -RRB- 34457 2179 29 represents represent VBZ 34457 2179 30 the the DT 34457 2179 31 pressure pressure NN 34457 2179 32 of of IN 34457 2179 33 the the DT 34457 2179 34 vapour vapour NN 34457 2179 35 at at IN 34457 2179 36 the the DT 34457 2179 37 melting melting NN 34457 2179 38 point point NN 34457 2179 39 of of IN 34457 2179 40 iodine iodine NN 34457 2179 41 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2179 42 . . . 34457 2180 1 If if IN 34457 2180 2 the the DT 34457 2180 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 2180 4 of of IN 34457 2180 5 the the DT 34457 2180 6 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2180 7 in in IN 34457 2180 8 the the DT 34457 2180 9 solution solution NN 34457 2180 10 is be VBZ 34457 2180 11 continuously continuously RB 34457 2180 12 increased increase VBN 34457 2180 13 from from IN 34457 2180 14 this this DT 34457 2180 15 point point NN 34457 2180 16 , , , 34457 2180 17 the the DT 34457 2180 18 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2180 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 2180 20 first first JJ 34457 2180 21 increases increase NNS 34457 2180 22 and and CC 34457 2180 23 then then RB 34457 2180 24 decreases decrease VBZ 34457 2180 25 , , , 34457 2180 26 until until IN 34457 2180 27 the the DT 34457 2180 28 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2180 29 point point NN 34457 2180 30 for for IN 34457 2180 31 iodine iodine NN 34457 2180 32 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2180 33 and and CC 34457 2180 34 solid solid JJ 34457 2180 35 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2180 36 is be VBZ 34457 2180 37 reached reach VBN 34457 2180 38 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2180 39 D_{1 D_{1 NNP 34457 2180 40 } } -RRB- 34457 2180 41 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2180 42 . . . 34457 2181 1 Curves curve NNS 34457 2181 2 Cl_{2 cl_{2 JJ 34457 2181 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2181 4 solid solid JJ 34457 2181 5 and and CC 34457 2181 6 Cl_{2 cl_{2 JJ 34457 2181 7 } } -RRB- 34457 2181 8 liquid liquid NN 34457 2181 9 represent represent VBP 34457 2181 10 the the DT 34457 2181 11 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 2181 12 and and CC 34457 2181 13 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 2181 14 curves curve NNS 34457 2181 15 of of IN 34457 2181 16 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2181 17 , , , 34457 2181 18 the the DT 34457 2181 19 melting melting NN 34457 2181 20 point point NN 34457 2181 21 of of IN 34457 2181 22 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2181 23 being be VBG 34457 2181 24 -102 -102â NN 34457 2181 25 ° ° NNS 34457 2181 26 . . . 34457 2182 1 Although although IN 34457 2182 2 complete complete JJ 34457 2182 3 measurements measurement NNS 34457 2182 4 of of IN 34457 2182 5 the the DT 34457 2182 6 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2182 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 2182 8 of of IN 34457 2182 9 the the DT 34457 2182 10 different different JJ 34457 2182 11 systems system NNS 34457 2182 12 of of IN 34457 2182 13 pure pure JJ 34457 2182 14 iodine iodine NN 34457 2182 15 to to IN 34457 2182 16 pure pure JJ 34457 2182 17 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2182 18 have have VBP 34457 2182 19 not not RB 34457 2182 20 been be VBN 34457 2182 21 made make VBN 34457 2182 22 , , , 34457 2182 23 the the DT 34457 2182 24 experimental experimental JJ 34457 2182 25 data datum NNS 34457 2182 26 are be VBP 34457 2182 27 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 2182 28 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 2182 29 to to TO 34457 2182 30 allow allow VB 34457 2182 31 of of IN 34457 2182 32 the the DT 34457 2182 33 general general JJ 34457 2182 34 form form NN 34457 2182 35 of of IN 34457 2182 36 the the DT 34457 2182 37 curves curve NNS 34457 2182 38 being be VBG 34457 2182 39 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2182 40 with with IN 34457 2182 41 certainty certainty NN 34457 2182 42 . . . 34457 2183 1 Bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2183 2 Systems.--To Systems.--To VBD 34457 2183 3 these these DT 34457 2183 4 , , , 34457 2183 5 only only RB 34457 2183 6 a a DT 34457 2183 7 brief brief JJ 34457 2183 8 reference reference NN 34457 2183 9 need nee MD 34457 2183 10 be be VB 34457 2183 11 made make VBN 34457 2183 12 . . . 34457 2184 1 Since since IN 34457 2184 2 there there EX 34457 2184 3 are be VBP 34457 2184 4 two two CD 34457 2184 5 components component NNS 34457 2184 6 , , , 34457 2184 7 two two CD 34457 2184 8 phases phase NNS 34457 2184 9 will will MD 34457 2184 10 form form VB 34457 2184 11 a a DT 34457 2184 12 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2184 13 system system NN 34457 2184 14 . . . 34457 2185 1 The the DT 34457 2185 2 fields field NNS 34457 2185 3 in in IN 34457 2185 4 which which WDT 34457 2185 5 these these DT 34457 2185 6 systems system NNS 34457 2185 7 can can MD 34457 2185 8 exist exist VB 34457 2185 9 are be VBP 34457 2185 10 shown show VBN 34457 2185 11 in in IN 34457 2185 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2185 13 . . . 34457 2186 1 43 43 CD 34457 2186 2 and and CC 34457 2186 3 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2186 4 . . . 34457 2187 1 44 44 CD 34457 2187 2 , , , 34457 2187 3 which which WDT 34457 2187 4 is be VBZ 34457 2187 5 a a DT 34457 2187 6 more more RBR 34457 2187 7 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 34457 2187 8 representation representation NN 34457 2187 9 of of IN 34457 2187 10 a a DT 34457 2187 11 portion portion NN 34457 2187 12 of of IN 34457 2187 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2187 14 . . . 34457 2188 1 43 43 CD 34457 2188 2 . . . 34457 2189 1 I. I. NNP 34457 2189 2 Iodine Iodine NNP 34457 2189 3 -- -- : 34457 2189 4 vapour vapour RB 34457 2189 5 . . . 34457 2190 1 II ii CD 34457 2190 2 . . . 34457 2191 1 Solution solution NN 34457 2191 2 -- -- : 34457 2191 3 vapour vapour NN 34457 2191 4 . . . 34457 2192 1 III iii CD 34457 2192 2 . . . 34457 2193 1 Iodine iodine NN 34457 2193 2 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2193 3 -- -- : 34457 2193 4 vapour vapour RB 34457 2193 5 . . . 34457 2194 1 IV IV NNP 34457 2194 2 . . . 34457 2195 1 Iodine iodine JJ 34457 2195 2 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2195 3 -- -- : 34457 2195 4 vapour vapour NN 34457 2195 5 . . . 34457 2196 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2196 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2196 3 : : : 34457 2196 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2196 5 . . . 34457 2197 1 44 44 CD 34457 2197 2 . . . 34457 2197 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2198 1 The the DT 34457 2198 2 conditions condition NNS 34457 2198 3 for for IN 34457 2198 4 the the DT 34457 2198 5 existence existence NN 34457 2198 6 of of IN 34457 2198 7 these these DT 34457 2198 8 systems system NNS 34457 2198 9 will will MD 34457 2198 10 probably probably RB 34457 2198 11 be be VB 34457 2198 12 best best RB 34457 2198 13 understood understand VBN 34457 2198 14 from from IN 34457 2198 15 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2198 16 . . . 34457 2199 1 44 44 CD 34457 2199 2 . . . 34457 2200 1 Since since IN 34457 2200 2 the the DT 34457 2200 3 curve curve NN 34457 2200 4 B'A b'a NN 34457 2200 5 ' ' '' 34457 2200 6 { { -LRB- 34457 2200 7 168 168 CD 34457 2200 8 } } -RRB- 34457 2200 9 represents represent VBZ 34457 2200 10 the the DT 34457 2200 11 pressures pressure NNS 34457 2200 12 under under IN 34457 2200 13 which which WDT 34457 2200 14 the the DT 34457 2200 15 system system NN 34457 2200 16 iodine iodine NN 34457 2200 17 -- -- : 34457 2200 18 solution solution NN 34457 2200 19 -- -- : 34457 2200 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 2200 21 can can MD 34457 2200 22 exist exist VB 34457 2200 23 , , , 34457 2200 24 increase increase NN 34457 2200 25 of of IN 34457 2200 26 volume volume NN 34457 2200 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2200 28 diminution diminution NN 34457 2200 29 of of IN 34457 2200 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 2200 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2200 32 will will MD 34457 2200 33 cause cause VB 34457 2200 34 the the DT 34457 2200 35 volatilization volatilization NN 34457 2200 36 of of IN 34457 2200 37 the the DT 34457 2200 38 solution solution NN 34457 2200 39 , , , 34457 2200 40 and and CC 34457 2200 41 the the DT 34457 2200 42 system system NN 34457 2200 43 iodine iodine NN 34457 2200 44 -- -- : 34457 2200 45 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2200 46 will will MD 34457 2200 47 remain remain VB 34457 2200 48 . . . 34457 2201 1 If if IN 34457 2201 2 , , , 34457 2201 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2201 4 , , , 34457 2201 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2201 6 start start VBP 34457 2201 7 with with IN 34457 2201 8 a a DT 34457 2201 9 system system NN 34457 2201 10 represented represent VBN 34457 2201 11 by by IN 34457 2201 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2201 13 a a DT 34457 2201 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2201 15 , , , 34457 2201 16 diminution diminution NN 34457 2201 17 of of IN 34457 2201 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 2201 19 at at IN 34457 2201 20 constant constant JJ 34457 2201 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 2201 22 will will MD 34457 2201 23 lead lead VB 34457 2201 24 to to IN 34457 2201 25 the the DT 34457 2201 26 condition condition NN 34457 2201 27 represented represent VBN 34457 2201 28 by by IN 34457 2201 29 _ _ NNP 34457 2201 30 x x NNP 34457 2201 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2201 32 . . . 34457 2202 1 On on IN 34457 2202 2 the the DT 34457 2202 3 other other JJ 34457 2202 4 hand hand NN 34457 2202 5 , , , 34457 2202 6 increase increase NN 34457 2202 7 of of IN 34457 2202 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 2202 9 at at IN 34457 2202 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2202 11 a a DT 34457 2202 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2202 13 will will MD 34457 2202 14 lead lead VB 34457 2202 15 to to IN 34457 2202 16 the the DT 34457 2202 17 condensation condensation NN 34457 2202 18 of of IN 34457 2202 19 a a DT 34457 2202 20 portion portion NN 34457 2202 21 of of IN 34457 2202 22 the the DT 34457 2202 23 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2202 24 phase phase NN 34457 2202 25 . . . 34457 2203 1 Since since IN 34457 2203 2 , , , 34457 2203 3 now now RB 34457 2203 4 , , , 34457 2203 5 the the DT 34457 2203 6 concentration concentration NN 34457 2203 7 of of IN 34457 2203 8 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2203 9 in in IN 34457 2203 10 the the DT 34457 2203 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 2203 12 is be VBZ 34457 2203 13 greater great JJR 34457 2203 14 than than IN 34457 2203 15 in in IN 34457 2203 16 the the DT 34457 2203 17 solution solution NN 34457 2203 18 , , , 34457 2203 19 condensation condensation NN 34457 2203 20 of of IN 34457 2203 21 vapour vapour NN 34457 2203 22 would would MD 34457 2203 23 increase increase VB 34457 2203 24 the the DT 34457 2203 25 concentration concentration NN 34457 2203 26 of of IN 34457 2203 27 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2203 28 in in IN 34457 2203 29 the the DT 34457 2203 30 solution solution NN 34457 2203 31 ; ; : 34457 2203 32 a a DT 34457 2203 33 certain certain JJ 34457 2203 34 amount amount NN 34457 2203 35 of of IN 34457 2203 36 iodine iodine NN 34457 2203 37 must must MD 34457 2203 38 therefore therefore RB 34457 2203 39 pass pass VB 34457 2203 40 into into IN 34457 2203 41 solution solution NN 34457 2203 42 in in IN 34457 2203 43 order order NN 34457 2203 44 that that IN 34457 2203 45 the the DT 34457 2203 46 composition composition NN 34457 2203 47 of of IN 34457 2203 48 the the DT 34457 2203 49 latter latter JJ 34457 2203 50 shall shall MD 34457 2203 51 remain remain VB 34457 2203 52 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2203 53 . . . 34457 2204 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2204 2 249 249 CD 34457 2204 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2204 4 If if IN 34457 2204 5 , , , 34457 2204 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2204 7 , , , 34457 2204 8 the the DT 34457 2204 9 volume volume NN 34457 2204 10 of of IN 34457 2204 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 2204 12 be be VB 34457 2204 13 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 2204 14 great great JJ 34457 2204 15 , , , 34457 2204 16 continued continued JJ 34457 2204 17 diminution diminution NN 34457 2204 18 of of IN 34457 2204 19 volume volume NN 34457 2204 20 will will MD 34457 2204 21 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2204 22 lead lead VB 34457 2204 23 to to IN 34457 2204 24 the the DT 34457 2204 25 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 2204 26 of of IN 34457 2204 27 all all PDT 34457 2204 28 the the DT 34457 2204 29 iodine iodine NN 34457 2204 30 , , , 34457 2204 31 and and CC 34457 2204 32 there there EX 34457 2204 33 will will MD 34457 2204 34 remain remain VB 34457 2204 35 only only JJ 34457 2204 36 solution solution NN 34457 2204 37 and and CC 34457 2204 38 vapour vapour NN 34457 2204 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2204 40 field field NN 34457 2204 41 II II NNP 34457 2204 42 . . . 34457 2204 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2204 44 . . . 34457 2205 1 As as IN 34457 2205 2 the the DT 34457 2205 3 diminution diminution NN 34457 2205 4 of of IN 34457 2205 5 volume volume NN 34457 2205 6 is be VBZ 34457 2205 7 continued continue VBN 34457 2205 8 , , , 34457 2205 9 the the DT 34457 2205 10 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2205 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 2205 12 and and CC 34457 2205 13 the the DT 34457 2205 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 2205 15 of of IN 34457 2205 16 the the DT 34457 2205 17 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2205 18 in in IN 34457 2205 19 the the DT 34457 2205 20 solution solution NN 34457 2205 21 will will MD 34457 2205 22 increase increase VB 34457 2205 23 , , , 34457 2205 24 until until IN 34457 2205 25 when when WRB 34457 2205 26 the the DT 34457 2205 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 2205 28 has have VBZ 34457 2205 29 reached reach VBN 34457 2205 30 the the DT 34457 2205 31 value value NN 34457 2205 32 _ _ NNP 34457 2205 33 b b NNP 34457 2205 34 _ _ NNP 34457 2205 35 , , , 34457 2205 36 iodine iodine NN 34457 2205 37 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2205 38 can can MD 34457 2205 39 separate separate VB 34457 2205 40 out out RP 34457 2205 41 . . . 34457 2206 1 The the DT 34457 2206 2 system system NN 34457 2206 3 , , , 34457 2206 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 2206 5 , , , 34457 2206 6 again again RB 34457 2206 7 becomes become VBZ 34457 2206 8 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2206 9 , , , 34457 2206 10 and and CC 34457 2206 11 at at IN 34457 2206 12 constant constant JJ 34457 2206 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2206 14 the the DT 34457 2206 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 2206 16 and and CC 34457 2206 17 composition composition NN 34457 2206 18 of of IN 34457 2206 19 the the DT 34457 2206 20 phases phase NNS 34457 2206 21 must must MD 34457 2206 22 remain remain VB 34457 2206 23 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2206 24 . . . 34457 2207 1 Diminution diminution NN 34457 2207 2 of of IN 34457 2207 3 volume volume NN 34457 2207 4 will will MD 34457 2207 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2207 6 not not RB 34457 2207 7 effect effect VB 34457 2207 8 an an DT 34457 2207 9 increase increase NN 34457 2207 10 of of IN 34457 2207 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 2207 12 , , , 34457 2207 13 but but CC 34457 2207 14 a a DT 34457 2207 15 condensation condensation NN 34457 2207 16 of of IN 34457 2207 17 the the DT 34457 2207 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 2207 19 ; ; : 34457 2207 20 and and CC 34457 2207 21 since since IN 34457 2207 22 this this DT 34457 2207 23 is be VBZ 34457 2207 24 richer rich JJR 34457 2207 25 in in IN 34457 2207 26 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2207 27 than than IN 34457 2207 28 the the DT 34457 2207 29 { { -LRB- 34457 2207 30 169 169 CD 34457 2207 31 } } -RRB- 34457 2207 32 solution solution NN 34457 2207 33 , , , 34457 2207 34 solid solid JJ 34457 2207 35 iodine iodine NN 34457 2207 36 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2207 37 must must MD 34457 2207 38 separate separate VB 34457 2207 39 out out RP 34457 2207 40 in in IN 34457 2207 41 order order NN 34457 2207 42 that that IN 34457 2207 43 the the DT 34457 2207 44 concentration concentration NN 34457 2207 45 of of IN 34457 2207 46 the the DT 34457 2207 47 solution solution NN 34457 2207 48 remain remain VBP 34457 2207 49 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2207 50 . . . 34457 2208 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2208 2 250 250 CD 34457 2208 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2208 4 As as IN 34457 2208 5 the the DT 34457 2208 6 result result NN 34457 2208 7 , , , 34457 2208 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2208 9 , , , 34457 2208 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2208 11 obtain obtain VBP 34457 2208 12 the the DT 34457 2208 13 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2208 14 system system NN 34457 2208 15 iodine iodine NN 34457 2208 16 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2208 17 -- -- : 34457 2208 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 2208 19 . . . 34457 2209 1 A a DT 34457 2209 2 detailed detailed JJ 34457 2209 3 discussion discussion NN 34457 2209 4 of of IN 34457 2209 5 the the DT 34457 2209 6 effect effect NN 34457 2209 7 of of IN 34457 2209 8 a a DT 34457 2209 9 continued continue VBN 34457 2209 10 increase increase NN 34457 2209 11 of of IN 34457 2209 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 2209 13 will will MD 34457 2209 14 not not RB 34457 2209 15 be be VB 34457 2209 16 necessary necessary JJ 34457 2209 17 . . . 34457 2210 1 From from IN 34457 2210 2 what what WP 34457 2210 3 has have VBZ 34457 2210 4 already already RB 34457 2210 5 been be VBN 34457 2210 6 said say VBN 34457 2210 7 and and CC 34457 2210 8 with with IN 34457 2210 9 the the DT 34457 2210 10 help help NN 34457 2210 11 of of IN 34457 2210 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2210 13 . . . 34457 2211 1 44 44 CD 34457 2211 2 , , , 34457 2211 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2211 4 will will MD 34457 2211 5 readily readily RB 34457 2211 6 be be VB 34457 2211 7 understood understand VBN 34457 2211 8 that that IN 34457 2211 9 this this DT 34457 2211 10 will will MD 34457 2211 11 lead lead VB 34457 2211 12 successively successively RB 34457 2211 13 to to IN 34457 2211 14 the the DT 34457 2211 15 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2211 16 system system NN 34457 2211 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2211 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2211 19 c c NNP 34457 2211 20 _ _ NNP 34457 2211 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2211 22 , , , 34457 2211 23 iodine iodine NN 34457 2211 24 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2211 25 -- -- : 34457 2211 26 solution solution NN 34457 2211 27 -- -- : 34457 2211 28 vapour vapour RB 34457 2211 29 ; ; : 34457 2211 30 the the DT 34457 2211 31 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2211 32 system system NN 34457 2211 33 solution solution NN 34457 2211 34 -- -- : 34457 2211 35 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2211 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2211 37 field field NN 34457 2211 38 II II NNP 34457 2211 39 . . . 34457 2212 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2212 2 ; ; : 34457 2212 3 the the DT 34457 2212 4 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2212 5 system system NN 34457 2212 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2212 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2212 8 d d NNP 34457 2212 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2212 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2212 11 , , , 34457 2212 12 iodine iodine NN 34457 2212 13 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2212 14 -- -- : 34457 2212 15 solution solution NN 34457 2212 16 -- -- : 34457 2212 17 vapour vapour RB 34457 2212 18 ; ; : 34457 2212 19 and and CC 34457 2212 20 the the DT 34457 2212 21 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2212 22 system system NN 34457 2212 23 _ _ NNP 34457 2212 24 x x NNP 34457 2212 25 ' ' '' 34457 2212 26 _ _ NN 34457 2212 27 , , , 34457 2212 28 iodine iodine NN 34457 2212 29 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2212 30 -- -- : 34457 2212 31 vapour vapour RB 34457 2212 32 . . . 34457 2213 1 If if IN 34457 2213 2 the the DT 34457 2213 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2213 4 of of IN 34457 2213 5 the the DT 34457 2213 6 experiment experiment NN 34457 2213 7 is be VBZ 34457 2213 8 above above IN 34457 2213 9 the the DT 34457 2213 10 melting melting NN 34457 2213 11 point point NN 34457 2213 12 of of IN 34457 2213 13 the the DT 34457 2213 14 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 2213 15 , , , 34457 2213 16 then then RB 34457 2213 17 the the DT 34457 2213 18 systems system NNS 34457 2213 19 in in IN 34457 2213 20 which which WDT 34457 2213 21 this this DT 34457 2213 22 compound compound NN 34457 2213 23 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2213 24 will will MD 34457 2213 25 not not RB 34457 2213 26 be be VB 34457 2213 27 formed form VBN 34457 2213 28 . . . 34457 2214 1 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 2214 2 Dioxide Dioxide NNP 34457 2214 3 and and CC 34457 2214 4 Water.--In water.--in VB 34457 2214 5 the the DT 34457 2214 6 case case NN 34457 2214 7 just just RB 34457 2214 8 studied study VBD 34457 2214 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2214 10 have have VBP 34457 2214 11 seen see VBN 34457 2214 12 that that IN 34457 2214 13 the the DT 34457 2214 14 components component NNS 34457 2214 15 can can MD 34457 2214 16 combine combine VB 34457 2214 17 to to TO 34457 2214 18 form form VB 34457 2214 19 definite definite JJ 34457 2214 20 compounds compound NNS 34457 2214 21 possessing possess VBG 34457 2214 22 stable stable JJ 34457 2214 23 melting melting NN 34457 2214 24 points point NNS 34457 2214 25 . . . 34457 2215 1 The the DT 34457 2215 2 curves curve NNS 34457 2215 3 of of IN 34457 2215 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2215 5 , , , 34457 2215 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2215 7 , , , 34457 2215 8 resemble resemble VBP 34457 2215 9 in in IN 34457 2215 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2215 11 general general JJ 34457 2215 12 aspect aspect NN 34457 2215 13 those those DT 34457 2215 14 of of IN 34457 2215 15 calcium calcium NN 34457 2215 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 2215 17 and and CC 34457 2215 18 water water NN 34457 2215 19 , , , 34457 2215 20 or or CC 34457 2215 21 of of IN 34457 2215 22 ferric ferric JJ 34457 2215 23 chloride chloride NN 34457 2215 24 and and CC 34457 2215 25 water water NN 34457 2215 26 . . . 34457 2216 1 In in IN 34457 2216 2 the the DT 34457 2216 3 case case NN 34457 2216 4 of of IN 34457 2216 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2216 6 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2216 7 and and CC 34457 2216 8 water water NN 34457 2216 9 , , , 34457 2216 10 however however RB 34457 2216 11 , , , 34457 2216 12 the the DT 34457 2216 13 melting melting NN 34457 2216 14 point point NN 34457 2216 15 of of IN 34457 2216 16 the the DT 34457 2216 17 compound compound NN 34457 2216 18 formed form VBN 34457 2216 19 can can MD 34457 2216 20 not not RB 34457 2216 21 be be VB 34457 2216 22 realized realize VBN 34457 2216 23 , , , 34457 2216 24 because because IN 34457 2216 25 transition transition NN 34457 2216 26 to to IN 34457 2216 27 another another DT 34457 2216 28 system system NN 34457 2216 29 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2216 30 ; ; : 34457 2216 31 retroflex retroflex JJ 34457 2216 32 concentration concentration NN 34457 2216 33 - - HYPH 34457 2216 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 2216 35 curves curve NNS 34457 2216 36 are be VBP 34457 2216 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 2216 38 not not RB 34457 2216 39 found find VBN 34457 2216 40 here here RB 34457 2216 41 , , , 34457 2216 42 but but CC 34457 2216 43 the the DT 34457 2216 44 curves curve NNS 34457 2216 45 exhibit exhibit NN 34457 2216 46 breaks break NNS 34457 2216 47 or or CC 34457 2216 48 sudden sudden JJ 34457 2216 49 changes change NNS 34457 2216 50 in in IN 34457 2216 51 direction direction NN 34457 2216 52 at at IN 34457 2216 53 the the DT 34457 2216 54 transition transition NN 34457 2216 55 points point NNS 34457 2216 56 , , , 34457 2216 57 as as IN 34457 2216 58 in in IN 34457 2216 59 the the DT 34457 2216 60 case case NN 34457 2216 61 of of IN 34457 2216 62 the the DT 34457 2216 63 systems system NNS 34457 2216 64 formed form VBN 34457 2216 65 by by IN 34457 2216 66 sodium sodium NN 34457 2216 67 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 2216 68 and and CC 34457 2216 69 water water NN 34457 2216 70 . . . 34457 2217 1 The the DT 34457 2217 2 case case NN 34457 2217 3 of of IN 34457 2217 4 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2217 5 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2217 6 and and CC 34457 2217 7 water water NN 34457 2217 8 is be VBZ 34457 2217 9 also also RB 34457 2217 10 of of IN 34457 2217 11 interest interest NN 34457 2217 12 from from IN 34457 2217 13 the the DT 34457 2217 14 fact fact NN 34457 2217 15 that that IN 34457 2217 16 two two CD 34457 2217 17 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2217 18 phases phase NNS 34457 2217 19 can can MD 34457 2217 20 be be VB 34457 2217 21 formed form VBN 34457 2217 22 . . . 34457 2218 1 The the DT 34457 2218 2 phases phase NNS 34457 2218 3 which which WDT 34457 2218 4 occur occur VBP 34457 2218 5 are be VBP 34457 2218 6 -- -- : 34457 2218 7 Solid solid JJ 34457 2218 8 : : : 34457 2218 9 ice ice NN 34457 2218 10 , , , 34457 2218 11 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2218 12 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2218 13 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2218 14 , , , 34457 2218 15 SO_{2},7H_{2}O. SO_{2},7H_{2}O. NNP 34457 2219 1 Liquid liquid NN 34457 2219 2 : : : 34457 2219 3 two two CD 34457 2219 4 solutions solution NNS 34457 2219 5 , , , 34457 2219 6 the the DT 34457 2219 7 one one NN 34457 2219 8 containing contain VBG 34457 2219 9 excess excess NN 34457 2219 10 of of IN 34457 2219 11 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2219 12 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2219 13 , , , 34457 2219 14 the the DT 34457 2219 15 other other JJ 34457 2219 16 excess excess NN 34457 2219 17 of of IN 34457 2219 18 water water NN 34457 2219 19 , , , 34457 2219 20 and and CC 34457 2219 21 represented represent VBN 34457 2219 22 by by IN 34457 2219 23 the the DT 34457 2219 24 symbols symbol NNS 34457 2219 25 SO_{2 SO_{2 NNP 34457 2219 26 } } -RRB- 34457 2219 27 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2219 28 wavy wavy NNP 34457 2219 29 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2219 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2219 31 x_H_{2}O x_H_{2}O NNP 34457 2219 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2219 33 solution solution NN 34457 2219 34 I. i. NN 34457 2220 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2220 2 , , , 34457 2220 3 and and CC 34457 2220 4 H_{2}O H_{2}O NNP 34457 2220 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2220 6 wavy wavy NNP 34457 2220 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2220 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2220 9 y_SO_{2 y_SO_{2 NNP 34457 2220 10 } } -RRB- 34457 2220 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2220 12 solution solution NN 34457 2220 13 II II NNP 34457 2220 14 . . . 34457 2220 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2220 16 . . . 34457 2221 1 Vapour vapour RB 34457 2221 2 : : : 34457 2221 3 a a DT 34457 2221 4 mixture mixture NN 34457 2221 5 of of IN 34457 2221 6 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2221 7 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2221 8 and and CC 34457 2221 9 water water NN 34457 2221 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 2221 11 in in IN 34457 2221 12 varying vary VBG 34457 2221 13 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2221 14 . . . 34457 2222 1 Since since IN 34457 2222 2 there there EX 34457 2222 3 are be VBP 34457 2222 4 two two CD 34457 2222 5 components component NNS 34457 2222 6 , , , 34457 2222 7 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2222 8 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2222 9 and and CC 34457 2222 10 water water NN 34457 2222 11 , , , 34457 2222 12 the the DT 34457 2222 13 number number NN 34457 2222 14 of of IN 34457 2222 15 { { -LRB- 34457 2222 16 170 170 CD 34457 2222 17 } } -RRB- 34457 2222 18 possible possible JJ 34457 2222 19 systems system NNS 34457 2222 20 is be VBZ 34457 2222 21 considerable considerable JJ 34457 2222 22 . . . 34457 2223 1 Only only RB 34457 2223 2 the the DT 34457 2223 3 following following NN 34457 2223 4 , , , 34457 2223 5 however however RB 34457 2223 6 , , , 34457 2223 7 have have VBP 34457 2223 8 been be VBN 34457 2223 9 studied:-- studied:-- ADD 34457 2223 10 I. i. NN 34457 2224 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2224 2 Invariant Invariant NNP 34457 2224 3 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 2224 4 : : : 34457 2224 5 Four four CD 34457 2224 6 co co JJ 34457 2224 7 - - JJ 34457 2224 8 existing existing JJ 34457 2224 9 phases phase NNS 34457 2224 10 . . . 34457 2224 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2224 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2224 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2224 14 a a DT 34457 2224 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2224 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2224 17 Ice Ice NNP 34457 2224 18 , , , 34457 2224 19 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2224 20 , , , 34457 2224 21 solution solution NN 34457 2224 22 , , , 34457 2224 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 2224 24 . . . 34457 2225 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2225 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2225 3 b b NNP 34457 2225 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2225 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2225 6 Hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2225 7 , , , 34457 2225 8 solution solution NN 34457 2225 9 I. i. NN 34457 2225 10 , , , 34457 2225 11 solution solution NN 34457 2225 12 II II NNP 34457 2225 13 . . NNP 34457 2225 14 , , , 34457 2225 15 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2225 16 . . . 34457 2226 1 II ii CD 34457 2226 2 . . . 34457 2227 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2227 2 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 2227 3 Systems Systems NNP 34457 2227 4 : : : 34457 2227 5 Three three CD 34457 2227 6 co co JJ 34457 2227 7 - - JJ 34457 2227 8 existing existing JJ 34457 2227 9 phases phase NNS 34457 2227 10 . . . 34457 2227 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2227 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2227 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2227 14 a a DT 34457 2227 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2227 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2227 17 Hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2227 18 , , , 34457 2227 19 solution solution NN 34457 2227 20 I. i. NN 34457 2227 21 , , , 34457 2227 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 2227 23 . . . 34457 2228 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2228 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2228 3 b b NNP 34457 2228 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2228 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2228 6 Hydrate Hydrate NNP 34457 2228 7 , , , 34457 2228 8 solution solution NN 34457 2228 9 II II NNP 34457 2228 10 . . NNP 34457 2228 11 , , , 34457 2228 12 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2228 13 . . . 34457 2229 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2229 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2229 3 c c NNP 34457 2229 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2229 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2229 6 Solution Solution NNP 34457 2229 7 I. I. NNP 34457 2229 8 , , , 34457 2229 9 solution solution NN 34457 2229 10 II II NNP 34457 2229 11 . . NNP 34457 2229 12 , , , 34457 2229 13 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2229 14 . . . 34457 2230 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2230 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2230 3 d d NNP 34457 2230 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2230 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2230 6 Hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2230 7 , , , 34457 2230 8 solution solution NN 34457 2230 9 I. i. NN 34457 2230 10 , , , 34457 2230 11 solution solution NN 34457 2230 12 II ii CD 34457 2230 13 . . . 34457 2231 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2231 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2231 3 e e NNP 34457 2231 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2231 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2231 6 Hydrate Hydrate NNP 34457 2231 7 , , , 34457 2231 8 ice ice NN 34457 2231 9 , , , 34457 2231 10 vapour vapour NN 34457 2231 11 . . . 34457 2232 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2232 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2232 3 f f NNP 34457 2232 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2232 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2232 6 Ice Ice NNP 34457 2232 7 , , , 34457 2232 8 solution solution NN 34457 2232 9 II II NNP 34457 2232 10 . . NNP 34457 2232 11 , , , 34457 2232 12 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2232 13 . . . 34457 2233 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2233 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2233 3 g g NNP 34457 2233 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2233 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2233 6 Ice Ice NNP 34457 2233 7 , , , 34457 2233 8 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2233 9 , , , 34457 2233 10 solution solution NN 34457 2233 11 II ii CD 34457 2233 12 . . . 34457 2234 1 III iii CD 34457 2234 2 . . . 34457 2235 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2235 2 Bivariant Bivariant NNP 34457 2235 3 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 2235 4 : : : 34457 2235 5 Two two CD 34457 2235 6 co co JJ 34457 2235 7 - - JJ 34457 2235 8 existing existing JJ 34457 2235 9 phases phase NNS 34457 2235 10 . . . 34457 2235 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2235 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2235 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2235 14 a a DT 34457 2235 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2235 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2235 17 Hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2235 18 , , , 34457 2235 19 solution solution NN 34457 2235 20 I. i. NN 34457 2236 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2236 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2236 3 b b NNP 34457 2236 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2236 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2236 6 Hydrate Hydrate NNP 34457 2236 7 , , , 34457 2236 8 solution solution NN 34457 2236 9 II ii CD 34457 2236 10 . . . 34457 2237 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2237 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2237 3 c c NNP 34457 2237 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2237 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2237 6 Hydrate Hydrate NNP 34457 2237 7 , , , 34457 2237 8 vapour vapour RB 34457 2237 9 . . . 34457 2238 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2238 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2238 3 d d NNP 34457 2238 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2238 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2238 6 Hydrate Hydrate NNP 34457 2238 7 , , , 34457 2238 8 ice ice NN 34457 2238 9 . . . 34457 2239 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2239 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2239 3 e e NNP 34457 2239 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2239 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2239 6 Solution Solution NNP 34457 2239 7 I. I. NNP 34457 2239 8 , , , 34457 2239 9 solution solution NN 34457 2239 10 II ii CD 34457 2239 11 . . . 34457 2240 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2240 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2240 3 f f NNP 34457 2240 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2240 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2240 6 Solution Solution NNP 34457 2240 7 I. I. NNP 34457 2240 8 , , , 34457 2240 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 2240 10 . . . 34457 2241 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2241 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2241 3 g g NNP 34457 2241 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2241 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2241 6 Solution Solution NNP 34457 2241 7 I. I. NNP 34457 2241 8 , , , 34457 2241 9 ice ice NN 34457 2241 10 . . . 34457 2242 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2242 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2242 3 h h NNP 34457 2242 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2242 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2242 6 Solution Solution NNP 34457 2242 7 II II NNP 34457 2242 8 . . NNP 34457 2242 9 , , , 34457 2242 10 vapour vapour NNP 34457 2242 11 . . . 34457 2243 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2243 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2243 3 i i PRP 34457 2243 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2243 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2243 6 Solution Solution NNP 34457 2243 7 II II NNP 34457 2243 8 . . NNP 34457 2243 9 , , , 34457 2243 10 ice ice NN 34457 2243 11 . . . 34457 2244 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2244 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2244 3 j j NNP 34457 2244 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2244 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2244 6 Ice Ice NNP 34457 2244 7 , , , 34457 2244 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 2244 9 . . . 34457 2245 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2245 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2245 3 : : : 34457 2245 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2245 5 . . . 34457 2246 1 45 45 CD 34457 2246 2 . . . 34457 2246 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2247 1 Pressure pressure NN 34457 2247 2 - - HYPH 34457 2247 3 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2247 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 34457 2247 5 . . . 34457 2248 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2248 2 251]--If 251]--If NNP 34457 2248 3 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 2248 4 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2248 5 is be VBZ 34457 2248 6 passed pass VBN 34457 2248 7 into into IN 34457 2248 8 water water NN 34457 2248 9 at at IN 34457 2248 10 0 0â NN 34457 2248 11 ° ° NNP 34457 2248 12 , , , 34457 2248 13 a a DT 34457 2248 14 solution solution NN 34457 2248 15 will will MD 34457 2248 16 be be VB 34457 2248 17 formed form VBN 34457 2248 18 and and CC 34457 2248 19 the the DT 34457 2248 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2248 21 at at IN 34457 2248 22 which which WDT 34457 2248 23 ice ice NN 34457 2248 24 can can MD 34457 2248 25 exist exist VB 34457 2248 26 in in IN 34457 2248 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2248 28 with with IN 34457 2248 29 this this DT 34457 2248 30 solution solution NN 34457 2248 31 will will MD 34457 2248 32 fall fall VB 34457 2248 33 more more RBR 34457 2248 34 and and CC 34457 2248 35 more more RBR 34457 2248 36 as as IN 34457 2248 37 the the DT 34457 2248 38 concentration concentration NN 34457 2248 39 of of IN 34457 2248 40 the the DT 34457 2248 41 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2248 42 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2248 43 increases increase NNS 34457 2248 44 . . . 34457 2249 1 At at IN 34457 2249 2 -2.6 -2.6 NNS 34457 2249 3 ° ° NNS 34457 2249 4 , , , 34457 2249 5 however however RB 34457 2249 6 , , , 34457 2249 7 a a DT 34457 2249 8 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2249 9 point point NN 34457 2249 10 is be VBZ 34457 2249 11 reached reach VBN 34457 2249 12 at at IN 34457 2249 13 which which WDT 34457 2249 14 solid solid JJ 34457 2249 15 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2249 16 separates separate VBZ 34457 2249 17 out out RP 34457 2249 18 , , , 34457 2249 19 and and CC 34457 2249 20 the the DT 34457 2249 21 system system NN 34457 2249 22 becomes become VBZ 34457 2249 23 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2249 24 . . . 34457 2250 1 The the DT 34457 2250 2 curve curve NN 34457 2250 3 AB ab NN 34457 2250 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2250 5 Fig fig NN 34457 2250 6 . . . 34457 2251 1 45 45 LS 34457 2251 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2251 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2251 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 2251 5 the the DT 34457 2251 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 2251 7 of of IN 34457 2251 8 the the DT 34457 2251 9 system system NN 34457 2251 10 ice ice NN 34457 2251 11 -- -- : 34457 2251 12 solution solution NN 34457 2251 13 II.--vapour ii.--vapour NN 34457 2251 14 , , , 34457 2251 15 and and CC 34457 2251 16 B b NN 34457 2251 17 represents represent VBZ 34457 2251 18 the the DT 34457 2251 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 2251 20 and and CC 34457 2251 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 2251 22 at at IN 34457 2251 23 which which WDT 34457 2251 24 the the DT 34457 2251 25 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2251 26 system system NN 34457 2251 27 ice ice NN 34457 2251 28 -- -- : 34457 2251 29 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2251 30 -- -- : 34457 2251 31 solution solution NN 34457 2251 32 II.--vapour II.--vapour NNP 34457 2251 33 can can MD 34457 2251 34 exist exist VB 34457 2251 35 . . . 34457 2252 1 At at IN 34457 2252 2 this this DT 34457 2252 3 point point NN 34457 2252 4 the the DT 34457 2252 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 2252 6 is be VBZ 34457 2252 7 -2.6 -2.6 : 34457 2252 8 ° ° NNS 34457 2252 9 , , , 34457 2252 10 and and CC 34457 2252 11 the the DT 34457 2252 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 2252 13 21.1 21.1 CD 34457 2252 14 cm cm NNS 34457 2252 15 . . . 34457 2253 1 If if IN 34457 2253 2 heat heat NN 34457 2253 3 is be VBZ 34457 2253 4 withdrawn withdraw VBN 34457 2253 5 from from IN 34457 2253 6 this this DT 34457 2253 7 system system NN 34457 2253 8 , , , 34457 2253 9 the the DT 34457 2253 10 solution solution NN 34457 2253 11 will will MD 34457 2253 12 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2253 13 { { -LRB- 34457 2253 14 171 171 CD 34457 2253 15 } } -RRB- 34457 2253 16 solidify solidify VBP 34457 2253 17 to to IN 34457 2253 18 a a DT 34457 2253 19 mixture mixture NN 34457 2253 20 of of IN 34457 2253 21 ice ice NN 34457 2253 22 and and CC 34457 2253 23 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2253 24 , , , 34457 2253 25 and and CC 34457 2253 26 there there EX 34457 2253 27 will will MD 34457 2253 28 be be VB 34457 2253 29 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2253 30 the the DT 34457 2253 31 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2253 32 system system NN 34457 2253 33 ice ice NN 34457 2253 34 -- -- : 34457 2253 35 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2253 36 -- -- : 34457 2253 37 vapour vapour RB 34457 2253 38 . . . 34457 2254 1 The the DT 34457 2254 2 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2254 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 2254 4 of of IN 34457 2254 5 this this DT 34457 2254 6 system system NN 34457 2254 7 has have VBZ 34457 2254 8 been be VBN 34457 2254 9 determined determine VBN 34457 2254 10 down down RP 34457 2254 11 to to IN 34457 2254 12 a a DT 34457 2254 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2254 14 of of IN 34457 2254 15 -9.5 -9.5 : 34457 2254 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2254 17 , , , 34457 2254 18 at at IN 34457 2254 19 which which WDT 34457 2254 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2254 21 the the DT 34457 2254 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 2254 23 amounts amount VBZ 34457 2254 24 to to IN 34457 2254 25 15 15 CD 34457 2254 26 cm cm NNS 34457 2254 27 . . . 34457 2255 1 The the DT 34457 2255 2 pressures pressure NNS 34457 2255 3 for for IN 34457 2255 4 this this DT 34457 2255 5 system system NN 34457 2255 6 are be VBP 34457 2255 7 represented represent VBN 34457 2255 8 by by IN 34457 2255 9 the the DT 34457 2255 10 curve curve NN 34457 2255 11 BC BC NNP 34457 2255 12 . . . 34457 2256 1 If if IN 34457 2256 2 at at IN 34457 2256 3 the the DT 34457 2256 4 point point NN 34457 2256 5 B b NN 34457 2256 6 the the DT 34457 2256 7 volume volume NN 34457 2256 8 is be VBZ 34457 2256 9 diminished diminish VBN 34457 2256 10 , , , 34457 2256 11 the the DT 34457 2256 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 2256 13 must must MD 34457 2256 14 remain remain VB 34457 2256 15 constant constant JJ 34457 2256 16 , , , 34457 2256 17 but but CC 34457 2256 18 the the DT 34457 2256 19 relative relative JJ 34457 2256 20 amounts amount NNS 34457 2256 21 of of IN 34457 2256 22 the the DT 34457 2256 23 different different JJ 34457 2256 24 phases phase NNS 34457 2256 25 will will MD 34457 2256 26 undergo undergo VB 34457 2256 27 change change NN 34457 2256 28 . . . 34457 2257 1 If if IN 34457 2257 2 suitable suitable JJ 34457 2257 3 quantities quantity NNS 34457 2257 4 of of IN 34457 2257 5 these these DT 34457 2257 6 are be VBP 34457 2257 7 present present JJ 34457 2257 8 , , , 34457 2257 9 diminution diminution NN 34457 2257 10 of of IN 34457 2257 11 volume volume NN 34457 2257 12 will will MD 34457 2257 13 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2257 14 lead lead VB 34457 2257 15 to to IN 34457 2257 16 the the DT 34457 2257 17 total total JJ 34457 2257 18 condensation condensation NN 34457 2257 19 of of IN 34457 2257 20 the the DT 34457 2257 21 vapour vapour NN 34457 2257 22 phase phase NN 34457 2257 23 , , , 34457 2257 24 and and CC 34457 2257 25 there there EX 34457 2257 26 will will MD 34457 2257 27 remain remain VB 34457 2257 28 the the DT 34457 2257 29 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2257 30 system system NN 34457 2257 31 ice ice NN 34457 2257 32 -- -- : 34457 2257 33 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2257 34 -- -- : 34457 2257 35 solution solution NN 34457 2257 36 . . . 34457 2258 1 The the DT 34457 2258 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2258 3 of of IN 34457 2258 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2258 5 of of IN 34457 2258 6 this this DT 34457 2258 7 system system NN 34457 2258 8 will will MD 34457 2258 9 alter alter VB 34457 2258 10 with with IN 34457 2258 11 the the DT 34457 2258 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 2258 13 , , , 34457 2258 14 but but CC 34457 2258 15 , , , 34457 2258 16 as as IN 34457 2258 17 in in IN 34457 2258 18 the the DT 34457 2258 19 case case NN 34457 2258 20 of of IN 34457 2258 21 the the DT 34457 2258 22 melting melting NN 34457 2258 23 point point NN 34457 2258 24 of of IN 34457 2258 25 a a DT 34457 2258 26 simple simple JJ 34457 2258 27 substance substance NN 34457 2258 28 , , , 34457 2258 29 great great JJ 34457 2258 30 differences difference NNS 34457 2258 31 of of IN 34457 2258 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 2258 33 will will MD 34457 2258 34 cause cause VB 34457 2258 35 only only RB 34457 2258 36 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 2258 37 small small JJ 34457 2258 38 changes change NNS 34457 2258 39 in in IN 34457 2258 40 the the DT 34457 2258 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 2258 42 of of IN 34457 2258 43 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2258 44 . . . 34457 2259 1 The the DT 34457 2259 2 change change NN 34457 2259 3 of of IN 34457 2259 4 the the DT 34457 2259 5 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 2259 6 point point NN 34457 2259 7 with with IN 34457 2259 8 the the DT 34457 2259 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 2259 10 is be VBZ 34457 2259 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2259 12 by by IN 34457 2259 13 the the DT 34457 2259 14 line line NN 34457 2259 15 BE be VB 34457 2259 16 ; ; : 34457 2259 17 the the DT 34457 2259 18 actual actual JJ 34457 2259 19 values value NNS 34457 2259 20 have have VBP 34457 2259 21 not not RB 34457 2259 22 been be VBN 34457 2259 23 determined determine VBN 34457 2259 24 , , , 34457 2259 25 but but CC 34457 2259 26 the the DT 34457 2259 27 curve curve NN 34457 2259 28 must must MD 34457 2259 29 slope slope VB 34457 2259 30 towards towards IN 34457 2259 31 the the DT 34457 2259 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 2259 33 axis axis RB 34457 2259 34 because because IN 34457 2259 35 fusion fusion NN 34457 2259 36 is be VBZ 34457 2259 37 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2259 38 by by IN 34457 2259 39 diminution diminution NN 34457 2259 40 of of IN 34457 2259 41 volume volume NN 34457 2259 42 , , , 34457 2259 43 as as IN 34457 2259 44 in in IN 34457 2259 45 the the DT 34457 2259 46 case case NN 34457 2259 47 of of IN 34457 2259 48 pure pure JJ 34457 2259 49 ice ice NN 34457 2259 50 . . . 34457 2260 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2260 2 172 172 CD 34457 2260 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2260 4 A a DT 34457 2260 5 fourth fourth JJ 34457 2260 6 univariant univariant NN 34457 2260 7 system system NN 34457 2260 8 can can MD 34457 2260 9 be be VB 34457 2260 10 formed form VBN 34457 2260 11 at at IN 34457 2260 12 B. B. NNP 34457 2261 1 This this DT 34457 2261 2 is be VBZ 34457 2261 3 the the DT 34457 2261 4 system system NN 34457 2261 5 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2261 6 -- -- : 34457 2261 7 solution solution NN 34457 2261 8 II.--vapour ii.--vapour NN 34457 2261 9 . . . 34457 2262 1 The the DT 34457 2262 2 conditions condition NNS 34457 2262 3 for for IN 34457 2262 4 the the DT 34457 2262 5 existence existence NN 34457 2262 6 of of IN 34457 2262 7 this this DT 34457 2262 8 system system NN 34457 2262 9 are be VBP 34457 2262 10 represented represent VBN 34457 2262 11 by by IN 34457 2262 12 the the DT 34457 2262 13 curve curve NN 34457 2262 14 BF BF NNP 34457 2262 15 , , , 34457 2262 16 which which WDT 34457 2262 17 may may MD 34457 2262 18 therefore therefore RB 34457 2262 19 be be VB 34457 2262 20 regarded regard VBN 34457 2262 21 as as IN 34457 2262 22 the the DT 34457 2262 23 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2262 24 - - HYPH 34457 2262 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 2262 26 curve curve NN 34457 2262 27 of of IN 34457 2262 28 the the DT 34457 2262 29 saturated saturate VBN 34457 2262 30 solution solution NN 34457 2262 31 of of IN 34457 2262 32 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2262 33 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2262 34 heptahydrate heptahydrate NNP 34457 2262 35 in in IN 34457 2262 36 water water NN 34457 2262 37 . . . 34457 2263 1 Unlike unlike IN 34457 2263 2 the the DT 34457 2263 3 curve curve NN 34457 2263 4 for for IN 34457 2263 5 iodine iodine NN 34457 2263 6 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2263 7 -- -- : 34457 2263 8 solution solution NN 34457 2263 9 -- -- : 34457 2263 10 vapour vapour UH 34457 2263 11 , , , 34457 2263 12 this this DT 34457 2263 13 curve curve NN 34457 2263 14 can can MD 34457 2263 15 not not RB 34457 2263 16 be be VB 34457 2263 17 followed follow VBN 34457 2263 18 to to IN 34457 2263 19 the the DT 34457 2263 20 melting melting NN 34457 2263 21 point point NN 34457 2263 22 of of IN 34457 2263 23 the the DT 34457 2263 24 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2263 25 . . . 34457 2264 1 Before before IN 34457 2264 2 this this DT 34457 2264 3 point point NN 34457 2264 4 is be VBZ 34457 2264 5 reached reach VBN 34457 2264 6 , , , 34457 2264 7 a a DT 34457 2264 8 second second JJ 34457 2264 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2264 10 phase phase NN 34457 2264 11 appears appear VBZ 34457 2264 12 , , , 34457 2264 13 and and CC 34457 2264 14 an an DT 34457 2264 15 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2264 16 system system NN 34457 2264 17 consisting consist VBG 34457 2264 18 of of IN 34457 2264 19 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2264 20 -- -- : 34457 2264 21 solution solution NN 34457 2264 22 I.--solution I.--solution . 34457 2264 23 II.--vapour II.--vapour NNP 34457 2264 24 is be VBZ 34457 2264 25 formed form VBN 34457 2264 26 . . . 34457 2265 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2265 2 have have VBP 34457 2265 3 here here RB 34457 2265 4 , , , 34457 2265 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2265 6 , , , 34457 2265 7 the the DT 34457 2265 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 2265 9 of of IN 34457 2265 10 melting melt VBG 34457 2265 11 under under IN 34457 2265 12 the the DT 34457 2265 13 solution solution NN 34457 2265 14 as as IN 34457 2265 15 in in IN 34457 2265 16 the the DT 34457 2265 17 case case NN 34457 2265 18 of of IN 34457 2265 19 succinic succinic JJ 34457 2265 20 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 2265 21 and and CC 34457 2265 22 water water NN 34457 2265 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2265 24 p. p. NN 34457 2265 25 122 122 CD 34457 2265 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2265 27 . . . 34457 2266 1 This this DT 34457 2266 2 point point NN 34457 2266 3 is be VBZ 34457 2266 4 represented represent VBN 34457 2266 5 in in IN 34457 2266 6 the the DT 34457 2266 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 2266 8 by by IN 34457 2266 9 F F NNP 34457 2266 10 ; ; : 34457 2266 11 the the DT 34457 2266 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 2266 13 at at IN 34457 2266 14 this this DT 34457 2266 15 point point NN 34457 2266 16 is be VBZ 34457 2266 17 12.1 12.1â CD 34457 2266 18 ° ° NNS 34457 2266 19 , , , 34457 2266 20 and and CC 34457 2266 21 the the DT 34457 2266 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 2266 23 177.3 177.3 CD 34457 2266 24 cm cm NNS 34457 2266 25 . . . 34457 2267 1 The the DT 34457 2267 2 range range NN 34457 2267 3 of of IN 34457 2267 4 stable stable JJ 34457 2267 5 existence existence NN 34457 2267 6 of of IN 34457 2267 7 the the DT 34457 2267 8 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2267 9 is be VBZ 34457 2267 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 2267 11 from from IN 34457 2267 12 -2.6 -2.6 JJS 34457 2267 13 ° ° NNS 34457 2267 14 to to IN 34457 2267 15 12.1 12.1â CD 34457 2267 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2267 17 ; ; : 34457 2267 18 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 2267 19 , , , 34457 2267 20 the the DT 34457 2267 21 curve curve NN 34457 2267 22 FB FB NNP 34457 2267 23 has have VBZ 34457 2267 24 been be VBN 34457 2267 25 followed follow VBN 34457 2267 26 down down RP 34457 2267 27 to to IN 34457 2267 28 a a DT 34457 2267 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 2267 30 of of IN 34457 2267 31 -6 -6 . 34457 2267 32 ° ° NNS 34457 2267 33 , , , 34457 2267 34 at at IN 34457 2267 35 which which WDT 34457 2267 36 point point NN 34457 2267 37 ice ice NN 34457 2267 38 formed form VBD 34457 2267 39 spontaneously spontaneously RB 34457 2267 40 . . . 34457 2268 1 So so RB 34457 2268 2 long long RB 34457 2268 3 as as IN 34457 2268 4 the the DT 34457 2268 5 four four CD 34457 2268 6 phases phase NNS 34457 2268 7 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2268 8 , , , 34457 2268 9 two two CD 34457 2268 10 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2268 11 phases phase NNS 34457 2268 12 , , , 34457 2268 13 and and CC 34457 2268 14 vapour vapour RB 34457 2268 15 are be VBP 34457 2268 16 present present JJ 34457 2268 17 , , , 34457 2268 18 the the DT 34457 2268 19 condition condition NN 34457 2268 20 of of IN 34457 2268 21 the the DT 34457 2268 22 system system NN 34457 2268 23 is be VBZ 34457 2268 24 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 2268 25 defined define VBN 34457 2268 26 . . . 34457 2269 1 By by IN 34457 2269 2 altering alter VBG 34457 2269 3 the the DT 34457 2269 4 conditions condition NNS 34457 2269 5 , , , 34457 2269 6 however however RB 34457 2269 7 , , , 34457 2269 8 one one CD 34457 2269 9 of of IN 34457 2269 10 the the DT 34457 2269 11 phases phase NNS 34457 2269 12 can can MD 34457 2269 13 be be VB 34457 2269 14 made make VBN 34457 2269 15 to to TO 34457 2269 16 disappear disappear VB 34457 2269 17 , , , 34457 2269 18 and and CC 34457 2269 19 a a DT 34457 2269 20 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2269 21 system system NN 34457 2269 22 will will MD 34457 2269 23 then then RB 34457 2269 24 be be VB 34457 2269 25 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2269 26 . . . 34457 2270 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2270 2 , , , 34457 2270 3 if if IN 34457 2270 4 the the DT 34457 2270 5 vapour vapour NN 34457 2270 6 phase phase NN 34457 2270 7 is be VBZ 34457 2270 8 made make VBN 34457 2270 9 to to TO 34457 2270 10 disappear disappear VB 34457 2270 11 , , , 34457 2270 12 the the DT 34457 2270 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2270 14 system system NN 34457 2270 15 solution solution NN 34457 2270 16 I.--solution i.--solution NN 34457 2270 17 II.--hydrate ii.--hydrate NN 34457 2270 18 , , , 34457 2270 19 will will MD 34457 2270 20 be be VB 34457 2270 21 left leave VBN 34457 2270 22 , , , 34457 2270 23 and and CC 34457 2270 24 the the DT 34457 2270 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 2270 26 at at IN 34457 2270 27 which which WDT 34457 2270 28 this this DT 34457 2270 29 system system NN 34457 2270 30 is be VBZ 34457 2270 31 in in IN 34457 2270 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2270 33 will will MD 34457 2270 34 vary vary VB 34457 2270 35 with with IN 34457 2270 36 the the DT 34457 2270 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 2270 38 . . . 34457 2271 1 This this DT 34457 2271 2 is be VBZ 34457 2271 3 represented represent VBN 34457 2271 4 by by IN 34457 2271 5 the the DT 34457 2271 6 curve curve NN 34457 2271 7 FI fi NN 34457 2271 8 ; ; : 34457 2271 9 under under IN 34457 2271 10 a a DT 34457 2271 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 2271 12 of of IN 34457 2271 13 225 225 CD 34457 2271 14 atm atm NN 34457 2271 15 . . . 34457 2272 1 the the DT 34457 2272 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2272 3 of of IN 34457 2272 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2272 5 is be VBZ 34457 2272 6 17.1 17.1â CD 34457 2272 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2272 8 . . . 34457 2273 1 Increase increase NN 34457 2273 2 of of IN 34457 2273 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 2273 4 , , , 34457 2273 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2273 6 , , , 34457 2273 7 raises raise VBZ 34457 2273 8 the the DT 34457 2273 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 2273 10 at at IN 34457 2273 11 which which WDT 34457 2273 12 the the DT 34457 2273 13 three three CD 34457 2273 14 phases phase NNS 34457 2273 15 can can MD 34457 2273 16 coexist coexist VB 34457 2273 17 . . . 34457 2274 1 Again again RB 34457 2274 2 , , , 34457 2274 3 addition addition NN 34457 2274 4 of of IN 34457 2274 5 heat heat NN 34457 2274 6 to to IN 34457 2274 7 the the DT 34457 2274 8 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2274 9 system system NN 34457 2274 10 at at IN 34457 2274 11 F F NNP 34457 2274 12 will will MD 34457 2274 13 cause cause VB 34457 2274 14 the the DT 34457 2274 15 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 2274 16 of of IN 34457 2274 17 the the DT 34457 2274 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2274 19 phase phase NN 34457 2274 20 , , , 34457 2274 21 and and CC 34457 2274 22 there there EX 34457 2274 23 will will MD 34457 2274 24 be be VB 34457 2274 25 formed form VBN 34457 2274 26 the the DT 34457 2274 27 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2274 28 system system NN 34457 2274 29 solution solution NN 34457 2274 30 I.--solution I.--solution . 34457 2274 31 II.--vapour ii.--vapour NN 34457 2274 32 . . . 34457 2275 1 In in IN 34457 2275 2 the the DT 34457 2275 3 case case NN 34457 2275 4 of of IN 34457 2275 5 this this DT 34457 2275 6 system system NN 34457 2275 7 the the DT 34457 2275 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 2275 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 2275 10 increases increase NNS 34457 2275 11 as as IN 34457 2275 12 the the DT 34457 2275 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2275 14 rises rise VBZ 34457 2275 15 , , , 34457 2275 16 as as IN 34457 2275 17 represented represent VBN 34457 2275 18 by by IN 34457 2275 19 the the DT 34457 2275 20 curve curve NN 34457 2275 21 FG fg NN 34457 2275 22 . . . 34457 2276 1 Such such PDT 34457 2276 2 a a DT 34457 2276 3 system system NN 34457 2276 4 is be VBZ 34457 2276 5 analogous analogous JJ 34457 2276 6 to to IN 34457 2276 7 the the DT 34457 2276 8 case case NN 34457 2276 9 of of IN 34457 2276 10 ether ether NN 34457 2276 11 and and CC 34457 2276 12 water water NN 34457 2276 13 , , , 34457 2276 14 or or CC 34457 2276 15 other other JJ 34457 2276 16 two two CD 34457 2276 17 partially partially RB 34457 2276 18 miscible miscible JJ 34457 2276 19 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2276 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2276 21 p. p. NN 34457 2276 22 103 103 CD 34457 2276 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2276 24 . . . 34457 2277 1 As as IN 34457 2277 2 the the DT 34457 2277 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2277 4 changes change VBZ 34457 2277 5 , , , 34457 2277 6 the the DT 34457 2277 7 composition composition NN 34457 2277 8 of of IN 34457 2277 9 the the DT 34457 2277 10 two two CD 34457 2277 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2277 12 phases phase NNS 34457 2277 13 will will MD 34457 2277 14 undergo undergo VB 34457 2277 15 change change NN 34457 2277 16 ; ; : 34457 2277 17 but but CC 34457 2277 18 this this DT 34457 2277 19 system system NN 34457 2277 20 has have VBZ 34457 2277 21 not not RB 34457 2277 22 been be VBN 34457 2277 23 studied study VBN 34457 2277 24 fully fully RB 34457 2277 25 . . . 34457 2278 1 The the DT 34457 2278 2 fourth fourth JJ 34457 2278 3 curve curve NN 34457 2278 4 , , , 34457 2278 5 which which WDT 34457 2278 6 ends end VBZ 34457 2278 7 at at IN 34457 2278 8 the the DT 34457 2278 9 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 2278 10 point point NN 34457 2278 11 F F NNP 34457 2278 12 , , , 34457 2278 13 is be VBZ 34457 2278 14 { { -LRB- 34457 2278 15 173 173 CD 34457 2278 16 } } -RRB- 34457 2278 17 that that IN 34457 2278 18 representing represent VBG 34457 2278 19 the the DT 34457 2278 20 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2278 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 2278 22 of of IN 34457 2278 23 the the DT 34457 2278 24 system system NN 34457 2278 25 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2278 26 -- -- : 34457 2278 27 solution solution NN 34457 2278 28 I.--vapour i.--vapour NN 34457 2278 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2278 30 FH fh NN 34457 2278 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2278 32 . . . 34457 2279 1 This this DT 34457 2279 2 curve curve NN 34457 2279 3 has have VBZ 34457 2279 4 been be VBN 34457 2279 5 followed follow VBN 34457 2279 6 to to IN 34457 2279 7 a a DT 34457 2279 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 2279 9 of of IN 34457 2279 10 0 0â NN 34457 2279 11 ° ° NNS 34457 2279 12 , , , 34457 2279 13 the the DT 34457 2279 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 2279 15 at at IN 34457 2279 16 this this DT 34457 2279 17 point point NN 34457 2279 18 being be VBG 34457 2279 19 113 113 CD 34457 2279 20 cm cm NNS 34457 2279 21 . . . 34457 2280 1 The the DT 34457 2280 2 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2280 3 prolongation prolongation NN 34457 2280 4 of of IN 34457 2280 5 GF GF NNP 34457 2280 6 has have VBZ 34457 2280 7 also also RB 34457 2280 8 been be VBN 34457 2280 9 determined determine VBN 34457 2280 10 . . . 34457 2281 1 Although although IN 34457 2281 2 , , , 34457 2281 3 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 2281 4 , , , 34457 2281 5 this this DT 34457 2281 6 curve curve NN 34457 2281 7 must must MD 34457 2281 8 lie lie VB 34457 2281 9 below below IN 34457 2281 10 FH FH NNP 34457 2281 11 , , , 34457 2281 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2281 13 was be VBD 34457 2281 14 found find VBN 34457 2281 15 that that IN 34457 2281 16 the the DT 34457 2281 17 difference difference NN 34457 2281 18 in in IN 34457 2281 19 the the DT 34457 2281 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 2281 21 for for IN 34457 2281 22 the the DT 34457 2281 23 two two CD 34457 2281 24 curves curve NNS 34457 2281 25 was be VBD 34457 2281 26 within within IN 34457 2281 27 the the DT 34457 2281 28 error error NN 34457 2281 29 of of IN 34457 2281 30 experiment experiment NN 34457 2281 31 . . . 34457 2282 1 Bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2282 2 Systems.--The systems.--the JJ 34457 2282 3 different different JJ 34457 2282 4 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2282 5 systems system NNS 34457 2282 6 , , , 34457 2282 7 consisting consist VBG 34457 2282 8 of of IN 34457 2282 9 two two CD 34457 2282 10 phases phase NNS 34457 2282 11 , , , 34457 2282 12 which which WDT 34457 2282 13 can can MD 34457 2282 14 exist exist VB 34457 2282 15 within within IN 34457 2282 16 the the DT 34457 2282 17 range range NN 34457 2282 18 of of IN 34457 2282 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 2282 20 and and CC 34457 2282 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 2282 22 included include VBN 34457 2282 23 in in IN 34457 2282 24 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2282 25 . . . 34457 2283 1 45 45 CD 34457 2283 2 , , , 34457 2283 3 were be VBD 34457 2283 4 given give VBN 34457 2283 5 on on IN 34457 2283 6 p. p. NN 34457 2283 7 170 170 CD 34457 2283 8 . . . 34457 2284 1 The the DT 34457 2284 2 conditions condition NNS 34457 2284 3 under under IN 34457 2284 4 which which WDT 34457 2284 5 these these DT 34457 2284 6 systems system NNS 34457 2284 7 can can MD 34457 2284 8 exist exist VB 34457 2284 9 are be VBP 34457 2284 10 represented represent VBN 34457 2284 11 by by IN 34457 2284 12 the the DT 34457 2284 13 areas area NNS 34457 2284 14 in in IN 34457 2284 15 the the DT 34457 2284 16 diagram diagram NN 34457 2284 17 , , , 34457 2284 18 and and CC 34457 2284 19 the the DT 34457 2284 20 fields field NNS 34457 2284 21 of of IN 34457 2284 22 the the DT 34457 2284 23 different different JJ 34457 2284 24 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2284 25 systems system NNS 34457 2284 26 are be VBP 34457 2284 27 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2284 28 by by IN 34457 2284 29 letters letter NNS 34457 2284 30 , , , 34457 2284 31 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2284 32 to to IN 34457 2284 33 the the DT 34457 2284 34 letters letter NNS 34457 2284 35 on on IN 34457 2284 36 p. p. NN 34457 2284 37 170 170 CD 34457 2284 38 . . . 34457 2285 1 Just just RB 34457 2285 2 as as IN 34457 2285 3 in in IN 34457 2285 4 the the DT 34457 2285 5 case case NN 34457 2285 6 of of IN 34457 2285 7 one one CD 34457 2285 8 - - HYPH 34457 2285 9 component component NN 34457 2285 10 systems system NNS 34457 2285 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2285 12 p. p. NN 34457 2285 13 29 29 CD 34457 2285 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2285 15 , , , 34457 2285 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2285 17 found find VBD 34457 2285 18 that that IN 34457 2285 19 the the DT 34457 2285 20 field field NN 34457 2285 21 lying lie VBG 34457 2285 22 between between IN 34457 2285 23 any any DT 34457 2285 24 two two CD 34457 2285 25 curves curve NNS 34457 2285 26 gave give VBD 34457 2285 27 the the DT 34457 2285 28 conditions condition NNS 34457 2285 29 of of IN 34457 2285 30 existence existence NN 34457 2285 31 of of IN 34457 2285 32 that that DT 34457 2285 33 phase phase NN 34457 2285 34 which which WDT 34457 2285 35 was be VBD 34457 2285 36 common common JJ 34457 2285 37 to to IN 34457 2285 38 the the DT 34457 2285 39 two two CD 34457 2285 40 curves curve NNS 34457 2285 41 , , , 34457 2285 42 so so RB 34457 2285 43 also also RB 34457 2285 44 in in IN 34457 2285 45 the the DT 34457 2285 46 case case NN 34457 2285 47 of of IN 34457 2285 48 two two CD 34457 2285 49 - - HYPH 34457 2285 50 component component NN 34457 2285 51 systems system NNS 34457 2285 52 , , , 34457 2285 53 a a DT 34457 2285 54 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 2285 55 two two CD 34457 2285 56 - - HYPH 34457 2285 57 phase phase NN 34457 2285 58 system system NN 34457 2285 59 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2285 60 in in IN 34457 2285 61 the the DT 34457 2285 62 field field NN 34457 2285 63 enclosed[252 enclosed[252 NN 34457 2285 64 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2285 65 by by IN 34457 2285 66 the the DT 34457 2285 67 two two CD 34457 2285 68 curves curve NNS 34457 2285 69 to to TO 34457 2285 70 which which WDT 34457 2285 71 the the DT 34457 2285 72 two two CD 34457 2285 73 phases phase NNS 34457 2285 74 are be VBP 34457 2285 75 common common JJ 34457 2285 76 . . . 34457 2286 1 As as IN 34457 2286 2 can can MD 34457 2286 3 be be VB 34457 2286 4 seen see VBN 34457 2286 5 , , , 34457 2286 6 the the DT 34457 2286 7 same same JJ 34457 2286 8 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2286 9 system system NN 34457 2286 10 can can MD 34457 2286 11 occur occur VB 34457 2286 12 in in IN 34457 2286 13 more more JJR 34457 2286 14 than than IN 34457 2286 15 one one CD 34457 2286 16 field field NN 34457 2286 17 . . . 34457 2287 1 As as IN 34457 2287 2 is be VBZ 34457 2287 3 evident evident JJ 34457 2287 4 from from IN 34457 2287 5 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2287 6 . . . 34457 2288 1 45 45 CD 34457 2288 2 , , , 34457 2288 3 three three CD 34457 2288 4 different different JJ 34457 2288 5 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2288 6 systems system NNS 34457 2288 7 are be VBP 34457 2288 8 capable capable JJ 34457 2288 9 of of IN 34457 2288 10 existing exist VBG 34457 2288 11 in in IN 34457 2288 12 the the DT 34457 2288 13 area area NN 34457 2288 14 HFI HFI NNP 34457 2288 15 ; ; : 34457 2288 16 which which WDT 34457 2288 17 of of IN 34457 2288 18 these these DT 34457 2288 19 will will MD 34457 2288 20 be be VB 34457 2288 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2288 22 will will MD 34457 2288 23 depend depend VB 34457 2288 24 on on IN 34457 2288 25 the the DT 34457 2288 26 relative relative JJ 34457 2288 27 masses masse NNS 34457 2288 28 of of IN 34457 2288 29 the the DT 34457 2288 30 different different JJ 34457 2288 31 phases phase NNS 34457 2288 32 in in IN 34457 2288 33 the the DT 34457 2288 34 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2288 35 or or CC 34457 2288 36 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2288 37 system system NN 34457 2288 38 . . . 34457 2289 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2289 2 , , , 34457 2289 3 starting start VBG 34457 2289 4 with with IN 34457 2289 5 a a DT 34457 2289 6 system system NN 34457 2289 7 represented represent VBN 34457 2289 8 by by IN 34457 2289 9 a a DT 34457 2289 10 point point NN 34457 2289 11 on on IN 34457 2289 12 the the DT 34457 2289 13 curve curve NN 34457 2289 14 HF hf NN 34457 2289 15 , , , 34457 2289 16 diminution diminution NN 34457 2289 17 of of IN 34457 2289 18 volume volume NN 34457 2289 19 at at IN 34457 2289 20 constant constant JJ 34457 2289 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 2289 22 will will MD 34457 2289 23 cause cause VB 34457 2289 24 the the DT 34457 2289 25 condensation condensation NN 34457 2289 26 of of IN 34457 2289 27 a a DT 34457 2289 28 portion portion NN 34457 2289 29 of of IN 34457 2289 30 the the DT 34457 2289 31 vapour vapour NN 34457 2289 32 , , , 34457 2289 33 which which WDT 34457 2289 34 is be VBZ 34457 2289 35 rich rich JJ 34457 2289 36 in in IN 34457 2289 37 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2289 38 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2289 39 ; ; : 34457 2289 40 since since IN 34457 2289 41 this this DT 34457 2289 42 would would MD 34457 2289 43 increase increase VB 34457 2289 44 the the DT 34457 2289 45 concentration concentration NN 34457 2289 46 of of IN 34457 2289 47 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2289 48 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2289 49 in in IN 34457 2289 50 the the DT 34457 2289 51 solution solution NN 34457 2289 52 , , , 34457 2289 53 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2289 54 must must MD 34457 2289 55 be be VB 34457 2289 56 counteracted counteract VBN 34457 2289 57 by by IN 34457 2289 58 the the DT 34457 2289 59 passage passage NN 34457 2289 60 of of IN 34457 2289 61 a a DT 34457 2289 62 portion portion NN 34457 2289 63 of of IN 34457 2289 64 the the DT 34457 2289 65 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2289 66 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2289 67 which which WDT 34457 2289 68 is be VBZ 34457 2289 69 relatively relatively RB 34457 2289 70 poor poor JJ 34457 2289 71 in in IN 34457 2289 72 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2289 73 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2289 74 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2289 75 into into IN 34457 2289 76 the the DT 34457 2289 77 solution solution NN 34457 2289 78 . . . 34457 2290 1 If if IN 34457 2290 2 , , , 34457 2290 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2290 4 , , , 34457 2290 5 the the DT 34457 2290 6 amount amount NN 34457 2290 7 of of IN 34457 2290 8 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2290 9 present present JJ 34457 2290 10 is be VBZ 34457 2290 11 relatively relatively RB 34457 2290 12 very very RB 34457 2290 13 small small JJ 34457 2290 14 , , , 34457 2290 15 the the DT 34457 2290 16 final final JJ 34457 2290 17 result result NN 34457 2290 18 of of IN 34457 2290 19 the the DT 34457 2290 20 compression compression NN 34457 2290 21 will will MD 34457 2290 22 be be VB 34457 2290 23 the the DT 34457 2290 24 production production NN 34457 2290 25 of of IN 34457 2290 26 the the DT 34457 2290 27 system system NN 34457 2290 28 _ _ NNP 34457 2290 29 f f NNP 34457 2290 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2290 31 , , , 34457 2290 32 solution solution NN 34457 2290 33 I.--vapour i.--vapour PRP 34457 2290 34 . . . 34457 2291 1 On on IN 34457 2291 2 the the DT 34457 2291 3 other other JJ 34457 2291 4 hand hand NN 34457 2291 5 , , , 34457 2291 6 if if IN 34457 2291 7 the the DT 34457 2291 8 vapour vapour NN 34457 2291 9 is be VBZ 34457 2291 10 present present JJ 34457 2291 11 in in IN 34457 2291 12 relatively relatively RB 34457 2291 13 small small JJ 34457 2291 14 amount amount NN 34457 2291 15 , , , 34457 2291 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2291 17 will will MD 34457 2291 18 be be VB 34457 2291 19 the the DT 34457 2291 20 first first JJ 34457 2291 21 phase phase NN 34457 2291 22 to to TO 34457 2291 23 disappear disappear VB 34457 2291 24 , , , 34457 2291 25 { { -LRB- 34457 2291 26 174 174 CD 34457 2291 27 } } -RRB- 34457 2291 28 and and CC 34457 2291 29 the the DT 34457 2291 30 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2291 31 system system NN 34457 2291 32 _ _ NNP 34457 2291 33 a a DT 34457 2291 34 _ _ NNP 34457 2291 35 , , , 34457 2291 36 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2291 37 -- -- : 34457 2291 38 solution solution NN 34457 2291 39 I. i. NN 34457 2291 40 , , , 34457 2291 41 will will MD 34457 2291 42 be be VB 34457 2291 43 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2291 44 . . . 34457 2292 1 Finally finally RB 34457 2292 2 , , , 34457 2292 3 if if IN 34457 2292 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2292 5 start start VBP 34457 2292 6 with with IN 34457 2292 7 the the DT 34457 2292 8 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2292 9 system system NN 34457 2292 10 at at IN 34457 2292 11 F F NNP 34457 2292 12 , , , 34457 2292 13 compression compression NN 34457 2292 14 will will MD 34457 2292 15 cause cause VB 34457 2292 16 the the DT 34457 2292 17 condensation condensation NN 34457 2292 18 of of IN 34457 2292 19 vapour vapour NN 34457 2292 20 , , , 34457 2292 21 while while IN 34457 2292 22 the the DT 34457 2292 23 composition composition NN 34457 2292 24 of of IN 34457 2292 25 the the DT 34457 2292 26 two two CD 34457 2292 27 solutions solution NNS 34457 2292 28 will will MD 34457 2292 29 remain remain VB 34457 2292 30 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2292 31 . . . 34457 2293 1 When when WRB 34457 2293 2 all all PDT 34457 2293 3 the the DT 34457 2293 4 vapour vapour NN 34457 2293 5 has have VBZ 34457 2293 6 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 2293 7 , , , 34457 2293 8 the the DT 34457 2293 9 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2293 10 system system NN 34457 2293 11 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2293 12 -- -- : 34457 2293 13 solution solution NN 34457 2293 14 I.--solution i.--solution NN 34457 2293 15 II ii CD 34457 2293 16 . . . 34457 2294 1 will will MD 34457 2294 2 be be VB 34457 2294 3 left leave VBN 34457 2294 4 . . . 34457 2295 1 If if IN 34457 2295 2 , , , 34457 2295 3 now now RB 34457 2295 4 , , , 34457 2295 5 the the DT 34457 2295 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 2295 7 is be VBZ 34457 2295 8 still still RB 34457 2295 9 further further RB 34457 2295 10 increased increase VBN 34457 2295 11 , , , 34457 2295 12 while while IN 34457 2295 13 the the DT 34457 2295 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 2295 15 is be VBZ 34457 2295 16 kept keep VBN 34457 2295 17 below below IN 34457 2295 18 12 12â CD 34457 2295 19 ° ° NNS 34457 2295 20 , , , 34457 2295 21 more more JJR 34457 2295 22 and and CC 34457 2295 23 more more JJR 34457 2295 24 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2295 25 must must MD 34457 2295 26 be be VB 34457 2295 27 formed form VBN 34457 2295 28 at at IN 34457 2295 29 the the DT 34457 2295 30 expense expense NN 34457 2295 31 of of IN 34457 2295 32 the the DT 34457 2295 33 two two CD 34457 2295 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2295 35 phases phase NNS 34457 2295 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2295 37 because because IN 34457 2295 38 12 12 NNP 34457 2295 39 ° ° , 34457 2295 40 is be VBZ 34457 2295 41 the the DT 34457 2295 42 lower low JJR 34457 2295 43 limit limit NN 34457 2295 44 for for IN 34457 2295 45 the the DT 34457 2295 46 coexistence coexistence NN 34457 2295 47 of of IN 34457 2295 48 the the DT 34457 2295 49 two two CD 34457 2295 50 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2295 51 phases phase NNS 34457 2295 52 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2295 53 , , , 34457 2295 54 and and CC 34457 2295 55 if if IN 34457 2295 56 the the DT 34457 2295 57 amount amount NN 34457 2295 58 of of IN 34457 2295 59 the the DT 34457 2295 60 solution solution NN 34457 2295 61 I. i. NN 34457 2296 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2296 2 containing contain VBG 34457 2296 3 excess excess NN 34457 2296 4 of of IN 34457 2296 5 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2296 6 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 2296 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2296 8 is be VBZ 34457 2296 9 relatively relatively RB 34457 2296 10 small small JJ 34457 2296 11 , , , 34457 2296 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2296 13 will will MD 34457 2296 14 disappear disappear VB 34457 2296 15 before before IN 34457 2296 16 solution solution NN 34457 2296 17 II II NNP 34457 2296 18 . . NNP 34457 2296 19 , , , 34457 2296 20 and and CC 34457 2296 21 there there EX 34457 2296 22 will will MD 34457 2296 23 be be VB 34457 2296 24 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2296 25 the the DT 34457 2296 26 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2296 27 system system NN 34457 2296 28 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2296 29 -- -- : 34457 2296 30 solution solution NN 34457 2296 31 II ii CD 34457 2296 32 . . . 34457 2297 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2297 2 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2297 3 system system NN 34457 2297 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2297 5 b b NNP 34457 2297 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2297 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2297 8 . . . 34457 2298 1 In in IN 34457 2298 2 a a DT 34457 2298 3 similar similar JJ 34457 2298 4 manner manner NN 34457 2298 5 , , , 34457 2298 6 account account NN 34457 2298 7 can can MD 34457 2298 8 be be VB 34457 2298 9 taken take VBN 34457 2298 10 of of IN 34457 2298 11 the the DT 34457 2298 12 formation formation NN 34457 2298 13 of of IN 34457 2298 14 the the DT 34457 2298 15 other other JJ 34457 2298 16 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 2298 17 systems system NNS 34457 2298 18 . . . 34457 2299 1 A a DT 34457 2299 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2299 3 similar similar JJ 34457 2299 4 to to IN 34457 2299 5 that that DT 34457 2299 6 of of IN 34457 2299 7 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2299 8 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2299 9 and and CC 34457 2299 10 water water NN 34457 2299 11 is be VBZ 34457 2299 12 shown show VBN 34457 2299 13 by by IN 34457 2299 14 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 2299 15 and and CC 34457 2299 16 water water NN 34457 2299 17 and and CC 34457 2299 18 by by IN 34457 2299 19 bromine bromine NN 34457 2299 20 and and CC 34457 2299 21 water water NN 34457 2299 22 , , , 34457 2299 23 although although IN 34457 2299 24 these these DT 34457 2299 25 have have VBP 34457 2299 26 not not RB 34457 2299 27 been be VBN 34457 2299 28 so so RB 34457 2299 29 fully fully RB 34457 2299 30 studied study VBN 34457 2299 31 . . . 34457 2300 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2300 2 253 253 CD 34457 2300 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2300 4 In in IN 34457 2300 5 the the DT 34457 2300 6 case case NN 34457 2300 7 of of IN 34457 2300 8 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2300 9 bromide bromide NN 34457 2300 10 and and CC 34457 2300 11 water water NN 34457 2300 12 , , , 34457 2300 13 and and CC 34457 2300 14 of of IN 34457 2300 15 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2300 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 2300 17 and and CC 34457 2300 18 water water NN 34457 2300 19 , , , 34457 2300 20 a a DT 34457 2300 21 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2300 22 , , , 34457 2300 23 viz viz NN 34457 2300 24 . . . 34457 2301 1 HBr,2H_{2}O HBr,2H_{2}O NNP 34457 2301 2 and and CC 34457 2301 3 HCl,2H_{2}O HCl,2H_{2}O NNP 34457 2301 4 , , , 34457 2301 5 is be VBZ 34457 2301 6 formed form VBN 34457 2301 7 which which WDT 34457 2301 8 possesses possess VBZ 34457 2301 9 a a DT 34457 2301 10 definite definite JJ 34457 2301 11 melting melting NN 34457 2301 12 point point NN 34457 2301 13 , , , 34457 2301 14 as as IN 34457 2301 15 in in IN 34457 2301 16 the the DT 34457 2301 17 case case NN 34457 2301 18 of of IN 34457 2301 19 iodine iodine NN 34457 2301 20 trichloride trichloride NN 34457 2301 21 . . . 34457 2302 1 In in IN 34457 2302 2 these these DT 34457 2302 3 cases case NNS 34457 2302 4 , , , 34457 2302 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2302 6 , , , 34457 2302 7 a a DT 34457 2302 8 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 2302 9 curve curve NN 34457 2302 10 is be VBZ 34457 2302 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2302 12 . . . 34457 2303 1 Further further RB 34457 2303 2 , , , 34457 2303 3 just just RB 34457 2303 4 as as IN 34457 2303 5 in in IN 34457 2303 6 the the DT 34457 2303 7 case case NN 34457 2303 8 of of IN 34457 2303 9 the the DT 34457 2303 10 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 2303 11 of of IN 34457 2303 12 iodine iodine NN 34457 2303 13 the the DT 34457 2303 14 upper upper JJ 34457 2303 15 branch branch NN 34457 2303 16 of of IN 34457 2303 17 the the DT 34457 2303 18 retroflex retroflex JJ 34457 2303 19 curve curve NN 34457 2303 20 ended end VBN 34457 2303 21 in in IN 34457 2303 22 a a DT 34457 2303 23 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2303 24 point point NN 34457 2303 25 , , , 34457 2303 26 so so RB 34457 2303 27 also also RB 34457 2303 28 in in IN 34457 2303 29 the the DT 34457 2303 30 case case NN 34457 2303 31 of of IN 34457 2303 32 the the DT 34457 2303 33 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 2303 34 HBr,2H_{2}O HBr,2H_{2}O NNP 34457 2303 35 the the DT 34457 2303 36 upper upper JJ 34457 2303 37 branch branch NN 34457 2303 38 of of IN 34457 2303 39 the the DT 34457 2303 40 curve curve NN 34457 2303 41 ends end VBZ 34457 2303 42 in in IN 34457 2303 43 a a DT 34457 2303 44 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2303 45 point point NN 34457 2303 46 at at IN 34457 2303 47 which which WDT 34457 2303 48 the the DT 34457 2303 49 system system NN 34457 2303 50 dihydrate dihydrate NN 34457 2303 51 -- -- : 34457 2303 52 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 2303 53 -- -- : 34457 2303 54 solution solution NN 34457 2303 55 -- -- : 34457 2303 56 vapour vapour NN 34457 2303 57 can can MD 34457 2303 58 exist exist VB 34457 2303 59 . . . 34457 2304 1 Before before IN 34457 2304 2 the the DT 34457 2304 3 melting melting NN 34457 2304 4 point point NN 34457 2304 5 of of IN 34457 2304 6 the the DT 34457 2304 7 monohydrate monohydrate NN 34457 2304 8 is be VBZ 34457 2304 9 reached reach VBN 34457 2304 10 , , , 34457 2304 11 two two CD 34457 2304 12 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2304 13 phases phase NNS 34457 2304 14 are be VBP 34457 2304 15 formed form VBN 34457 2304 16 , , , 34457 2304 17 as as IN 34457 2304 18 in in IN 34457 2304 19 the the DT 34457 2304 20 case case NN 34457 2304 21 of of IN 34457 2304 22 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2304 23 dioxide dioxide NNP 34457 2304 24 and and CC 34457 2304 25 water water NN 34457 2304 26 . . . 34457 2305 1 * * NFP 34457 2305 2 * * NFP 34457 2305 3 * * NFP 34457 2305 4 * * NFP 34457 2305 5 * * NFP 34457 2305 6 { { -LRB- 34457 2305 7 175 175 CD 34457 2305 8 } } -RRB- 34457 2305 9 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 2305 10 X x NN 34457 2305 11 SOLID SOLID NNP 34457 2305 12 SOLUTIONS solution NNS 34457 2305 13 . . . 34457 2306 1 MIXED MIXED NNP 34457 2306 2 CRYSTALS CRYSTALS NNP 34457 2306 3 General.--With General.--With VBZ 34457 2306 4 the the DT 34457 2306 5 conception conception NN 34457 2306 6 of of IN 34457 2306 7 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 2306 8 and and CC 34457 2306 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2306 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 2306 11 , , , 34457 2306 12 every every DT 34457 2306 13 one one NN 34457 2306 14 is be VBZ 34457 2306 15 familiar familiar JJ 34457 2306 16 . . . 34457 2307 1 Gases gas NNS 34457 2307 2 can can MD 34457 2307 3 mix mix VB 34457 2307 4 in in IN 34457 2307 5 all all DT 34457 2307 6 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2307 7 to to TO 34457 2307 8 form form VB 34457 2307 9 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2307 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 2307 11 . . . 34457 2308 1 Gases gas NNS 34457 2308 2 can can MD 34457 2308 3 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 2308 4 in in RB 34457 2308 5 or or CC 34457 2308 6 be be VB 34457 2308 7 " " `` 34457 2308 8 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 2308 9 " " '' 34457 2308 10 by by IN 34457 2308 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2308 12 ; ; : 34457 2308 13 and and CC 34457 2308 14 solids solid NNS 34457 2308 15 , , , 34457 2308 16 also also RB 34457 2308 17 , , , 34457 2308 18 when when WRB 34457 2308 19 brought bring VBN 34457 2308 20 in in RP 34457 2308 21 contact contact NN 34457 2308 22 with with IN 34457 2308 23 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2308 24 , , , 34457 2308 25 " " `` 34457 2308 26 pass pass VB 34457 2308 27 into into IN 34457 2308 28 solution solution NN 34457 2308 29 " " '' 34457 2308 30 and and CC 34457 2308 31 yield yield VB 34457 2308 32 a a DT 34457 2308 33 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2308 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2308 35 phase phase NN 34457 2308 36 . . . 34457 2309 1 On on IN 34457 2309 2 the the DT 34457 2309 3 other other JJ 34457 2309 4 hand hand NN 34457 2309 5 , , , 34457 2309 6 the the DT 34457 2309 7 conception conception NN 34457 2309 8 of of IN 34457 2309 9 a a DT 34457 2309 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2309 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2309 12 solution solution NN 34457 2309 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2309 14 is be VBZ 34457 2309 15 one one CD 34457 2309 16 which which WDT 34457 2309 17 in in IN 34457 2309 18 many many JJ 34457 2309 19 cases case NNS 34457 2309 20 is be VBZ 34457 2309 21 found find VBN 34457 2309 22 more more RBR 34457 2309 23 difficult difficult JJ 34457 2309 24 to to TO 34457 2309 25 appreciate appreciate VB 34457 2309 26 ; ; : 34457 2309 27 and and CC 34457 2309 28 the the DT 34457 2309 29 existence existence NN 34457 2309 30 and and CC 34457 2309 31 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2309 32 of of IN 34457 2309 33 solid solid JJ 34457 2309 34 solutions solution NNS 34457 2309 35 , , , 34457 2309 36 in in IN 34457 2309 37 spite spite NN 34457 2309 38 of of IN 34457 2309 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2309 40 not not RB 34457 2309 41 uncommon uncommon JJ 34457 2309 42 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 2309 43 and and CC 34457 2309 44 importance importance NN 34457 2309 45 , , , 34457 2309 46 are be VBP 34457 2309 47 in in IN 34457 2309 48 general general JJ 34457 2309 49 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 2309 50 little little RB 34457 2309 51 known know VBN 34457 2309 52 . . . 34457 2310 1 The the DT 34457 2310 2 reason reason NN 34457 2310 3 of of IN 34457 2310 4 this this DT 34457 2310 5 is be VBZ 34457 2310 6 to to TO 34457 2310 7 be be VB 34457 2310 8 found find VBN 34457 2310 9 , , , 34457 2310 10 to to IN 34457 2310 11 some some DT 34457 2310 12 extent extent NN 34457 2310 13 , , , 34457 2310 14 no no RB 34457 2310 15 doubt doubt RB 34457 2310 16 , , , 34457 2310 17 in in IN 34457 2310 18 the the DT 34457 2310 19 fact fact NN 34457 2310 20 that that IN 34457 2310 21 the the DT 34457 2310 22 term term NN 34457 2310 23 " " `` 34457 2310 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2310 25 solution solution NN 34457 2310 26 " " '' 34457 2310 27 was be VBD 34457 2310 28 introduced introduce VBN 34457 2310 29 at at IN 34457 2310 30 a a DT 34457 2310 31 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 2310 32 recent recent JJ 34457 2310 33 date,[254 date,[254 NN 34457 2310 34 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2310 35 but but CC 34457 2310 36 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2310 37 is be VBZ 34457 2310 38 probably probably RB 34457 2310 39 also also RB 34457 2310 40 due due JJ 34457 2310 41 in in IN 34457 2310 42 some some DT 34457 2310 43 measure measure NN 34457 2310 44 to to IN 34457 2310 45 a a DT 34457 2310 46 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 2310 47 hazy hazy JJ 34457 2310 48 comprehension comprehension NN 34457 2310 49 of of IN 34457 2310 50 the the DT 34457 2310 51 definition definition NN 34457 2310 52 of of IN 34457 2310 53 the the DT 34457 2310 54 term term NN 34457 2310 55 " " `` 34457 2310 56 solution solution NN 34457 2310 57 " " '' 34457 2310 58 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 2310 59 . . . 34457 2311 1 As as IN 34457 2311 2 has have VBZ 34457 2311 3 already already RB 34457 2311 4 been be VBN 34457 2311 5 said say VBN 34457 2311 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2311 7 p. p. NN 34457 2311 8 92 92 CD 34457 2311 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2311 10 , , , 34457 2311 11 a a DT 34457 2311 12 solution solution NN 34457 2311 13 is be VBZ 34457 2311 14 a a DT 34457 2311 15 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2311 16 phase phase NN 34457 2311 17 , , , 34457 2311 18 the the DT 34457 2311 19 composition composition NN 34457 2311 20 of of IN 34457 2311 21 which which WDT 34457 2311 22 can can MD 34457 2311 23 vary vary VB 34457 2311 24 continuously continuously RB 34457 2311 25 within within IN 34457 2311 26 certain certain JJ 34457 2311 27 limits limit NNS 34457 2311 28 ; ; : 34457 2311 29 the the DT 34457 2311 30 definition definition NN 34457 2311 31 involves involve VBZ 34457 2311 32 , , , 34457 2311 33 therefore therefore RB 34457 2311 34 , , , 34457 2311 35 no no DT 34457 2311 36 condition condition NN 34457 2311 37 as as IN 34457 2311 38 to to IN 34457 2311 39 the the DT 34457 2311 40 physical physical JJ 34457 2311 41 state state NN 34457 2311 42 of of IN 34457 2311 43 the the DT 34457 2311 44 substances substance NNS 34457 2311 45 . . . 34457 2312 1 Accordingly accordingly RB 34457 2312 2 , , , 34457 2312 3 solid solid JJ 34457 2312 4 solutions solution NNS 34457 2312 5 are be VBP 34457 2312 6 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2312 7 solid solid JJ 34457 2312 8 phases phase NNS 34457 2312 9 , , , 34457 2312 10 the the DT 34457 2312 11 composition composition NN 34457 2312 12 of of IN 34457 2312 13 which which WDT 34457 2312 14 can can MD 34457 2312 15 undergo undergo VB 34457 2312 16 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2312 17 variation variation NN 34457 2312 18 within within IN 34457 2312 19 certain certain JJ 34457 2312 20 limits limit NNS 34457 2312 21 . . . 34457 2313 1 Just just RB 34457 2313 2 as as IN 34457 2313 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2313 4 saw see VBD 34457 2313 5 that that IN 34457 2313 6 the the DT 34457 2313 7 range range NN 34457 2313 8 of of IN 34457 2313 9 variation variation NN 34457 2313 10 of of IN 34457 2313 11 composition composition NN 34457 2313 12 is be VBZ 34457 2313 13 more more RBR 34457 2313 14 limited limited JJ 34457 2313 15 in in IN 34457 2313 16 the the DT 34457 2313 17 case case NN 34457 2313 18 of of IN 34457 2313 19 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2313 20 than than IN 34457 2313 21 in in IN 34457 2313 22 the the DT 34457 2313 23 case case NN 34457 2313 24 of of IN 34457 2313 25 gases gas NNS 34457 2313 26 , , , 34457 2313 27 so so RB 34457 2313 28 also also RB 34457 2313 29 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2313 30 find find VBP 34457 2313 31 that that IN 34457 2313 32 the the DT 34457 2313 33 limits limit NNS 34457 2313 34 of of IN 34457 2313 35 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 2313 36 are be VBP 34457 2313 37 in in IN 34457 2313 38 general general JJ 34457 2313 39 still still RB 34457 2313 40 more more RBR 34457 2313 41 restricted restricted JJ 34457 2313 42 in in IN 34457 2313 43 the the DT 34457 2313 44 case case NN 34457 2313 45 of of IN 34457 2313 46 solids solid NNS 34457 2313 47 . . . 34457 2314 1 Examples example NNS 34457 2314 2 of of IN 34457 2314 3 complete complete JJ 34457 2314 4 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 2314 5 are be VBP 34457 2314 6 , , , 34457 2314 7 however however RB 34457 2314 8 , , , 34457 2314 9 not not RB 34457 2314 10 unknown unknown JJ 34457 2314 11 even even RB 34457 2314 12 in in IN 34457 2314 13 the the DT 34457 2314 14 case case NN 34457 2314 15 of of IN 34457 2314 16 solid solid JJ 34457 2314 17 substances substance NNS 34457 2314 18 . . . 34457 2315 1 Solid solid JJ 34457 2315 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 2315 3 have have VBP 34457 2315 4 long long RB 34457 2315 5 been be VBN 34457 2315 6 known know VBN 34457 2315 7 , , , 34457 2315 8 although although IN 34457 2315 9 , , , 34457 2315 10 of of IN 34457 2315 11 course course NN 34457 2315 12 , , , 34457 2315 13 { { -LRB- 34457 2315 14 176 176 CD 34457 2315 15 } } -RRB- 34457 2315 16 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2315 17 were be VBD 34457 2315 18 not not RB 34457 2315 19 defined define VBN 34457 2315 20 as as IN 34457 2315 21 such such JJ 34457 2315 22 . . . 34457 2316 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2316 2 , , , 34457 2316 3 the the DT 34457 2316 4 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2316 5 of of IN 34457 2316 6 " " `` 34457 2316 7 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2316 8 " " '' 34457 2316 9 of of IN 34457 2316 10 gases gas NNS 34457 2316 11 by by IN 34457 2316 12 metals metal NNS 34457 2316 13 and and CC 34457 2316 14 other other JJ 34457 2316 15 substances substance NNS 34457 2316 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2316 17 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2316 18 of of IN 34457 2316 19 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2316 20 by by IN 34457 2316 21 palladium palladium NN 34457 2316 22 ; ; : 34457 2316 23 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2316 24 of of IN 34457 2316 25 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2316 26 by by IN 34457 2316 27 iron iron NN 34457 2316 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2316 29 are be VBP 34457 2316 30 due due JJ 34457 2316 31 to to IN 34457 2316 32 the the DT 34457 2316 33 formation formation NN 34457 2316 34 of of IN 34457 2316 35 solid solid JJ 34457 2316 36 solutions solution NNS 34457 2316 37 . . . 34457 2317 1 The the DT 34457 2317 2 same same JJ 34457 2317 3 is be VBZ 34457 2317 4 probably probably RB 34457 2317 5 also also RB 34457 2317 6 true true JJ 34457 2317 7 of of IN 34457 2317 8 the the DT 34457 2317 9 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2317 10 of of IN 34457 2317 11 " " `` 34457 2317 12 adsorption adsorption NN 34457 2317 13 , , , 34457 2317 14 " " '' 34457 2317 15 as as IN 34457 2317 16 in in IN 34457 2317 17 the the DT 34457 2317 18 removal removal NN 34457 2317 19 of of IN 34457 2317 20 organic organic JJ 34457 2317 21 colouring colouring NN 34457 2317 22 matter matter NN 34457 2317 23 by by IN 34457 2317 24 charcoal charcoal NN 34457 2317 25 , , , 34457 2317 26 although although IN 34457 2317 27 , , , 34457 2317 28 in in IN 34457 2317 29 this this DT 34457 2317 30 case case NN 34457 2317 31 , , , 34457 2317 32 surface surface NN 34457 2317 33 tension tension NN 34457 2317 34 no no DT 34457 2317 35 doubt doubt RB 34457 2317 36 plays play VBZ 34457 2317 37 a a DT 34457 2317 38 considerable considerable JJ 34457 2317 39 part part NN 34457 2317 40 . . . 34457 2318 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2318 2 255 255 CD 34457 2318 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2318 4 As as IN 34457 2318 5 examples example NNS 34457 2318 6 of of IN 34457 2318 7 the the DT 34457 2318 8 solution solution NN 34457 2318 9 of of IN 34457 2318 10 gases gas NNS 34457 2318 11 in in IN 34457 2318 12 solids solid NNS 34457 2318 13 there there EX 34457 2318 14 may may MD 34457 2318 15 be be VB 34457 2318 16 cited cite VBN 34457 2318 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2318 18 in in IN 34457 2318 19 addition addition NN 34457 2318 20 to to IN 34457 2318 21 the the DT 34457 2318 22 phenomena phenomena NN 34457 2318 23 of of IN 34457 2318 24 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2318 25 already already RB 34457 2318 26 mentioned mention VBN 34457 2318 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2318 28 , , , 34457 2318 29 the the DT 34457 2318 30 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 2318 31 silicates silicate NNS 34457 2318 32 and and CC 34457 2318 33 the the DT 34457 2318 34 zeolites zeolite NNS 34457 2318 35 . . . 34457 2319 1 During during IN 34457 2319 2 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 2319 3 these these DT 34457 2319 4 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 2319 5 substances substance NNS 34457 2319 6 remain remain VBP 34457 2319 7 clear clear JJ 34457 2319 8 and and CC 34457 2319 9 transparent transparent JJ 34457 2319 10 , , , 34457 2319 11 and and CC 34457 2319 12 the the DT 34457 2319 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 2319 14 of of IN 34457 2319 15 the the DT 34457 2319 16 water water NN 34457 2319 17 vapour vapour NN 34457 2319 18 which which WDT 34457 2319 19 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2319 20 emit emit VBP 34457 2319 21 varies vary VBZ 34457 2319 22 with with IN 34457 2319 23 the the DT 34457 2319 24 degree degree NN 34457 2319 25 of of IN 34457 2319 26 hydration hydration NN 34457 2319 27 or or CC 34457 2319 28 the the DT 34457 2319 29 concentration concentration NN 34457 2319 30 of of IN 34457 2319 31 water water NN 34457 2319 32 in in IN 34457 2319 33 the the DT 34457 2319 34 mineral mineral NN 34457 2319 35 . . . 34457 2320 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2320 2 256 256 CD 34457 2320 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2320 4 As as IN 34457 2320 5 examples example NNS 34457 2320 6 of of IN 34457 2320 7 the the DT 34457 2320 8 solution solution NN 34457 2320 9 of of IN 34457 2320 10 solids solid NNS 34457 2320 11 in in IN 34457 2320 12 solids solid NNS 34457 2320 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2320 14 have have VBP 34457 2320 15 the the DT 34457 2320 16 cementation cementation NN 34457 2320 17 of of IN 34457 2320 18 iron iron NN 34457 2320 19 by by IN 34457 2320 20 charcoal charcoal NN 34457 2320 21 , , , 34457 2320 22 the the DT 34457 2320 23 formation formation NN 34457 2320 24 of of IN 34457 2320 25 glass glass NN 34457 2320 26 , , , 34457 2320 27 and and CC 34457 2320 28 the the DT 34457 2320 29 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 2320 30 together together RB 34457 2320 31 of of IN 34457 2320 32 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 2320 33 substances substance NNS 34457 2320 34 . . . 34457 2321 1 Although although IN 34457 2321 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2321 3 have have VBP 34457 2321 4 here here RB 34457 2321 5 spoken speak VBN 34457 2321 6 of of IN 34457 2321 7 the the DT 34457 2321 8 glasses glass NNS 34457 2321 9 as as IN 34457 2321 10 " " `` 34457 2321 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2321 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 2321 13 , , , 34457 2321 14 " " '' 34457 2321 15 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2321 16 should should MD 34457 2321 17 be be VB 34457 2321 18 mentioned mention VBN 34457 2321 19 that that IN 34457 2321 20 the the DT 34457 2321 21 term term NN 34457 2321 22 " " `` 34457 2321 23 solid solid JJ 34457 2321 24 " " '' 34457 2321 25 is be VBZ 34457 2321 26 used use VBN 34457 2321 27 in in IN 34457 2321 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2321 29 popular popular JJ 34457 2321 30 sense sense NN 34457 2321 31 . . . 34457 2322 1 Strictly strictly RB 34457 2322 2 speaking speak VBG 34457 2322 3 , , , 34457 2322 4 the the DT 34457 2322 5 glasses glass NNS 34457 2322 6 are be VBP 34457 2322 7 to to TO 34457 2322 8 be be VB 34457 2322 9 regarded regard VBN 34457 2322 10 as as IN 34457 2322 11 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 2322 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2322 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2322 14 see see VB 34457 2322 15 also also RB 34457 2322 16 p. p. NN 34457 2322 17 53 53 CD 34457 2322 18 , , , 34457 2322 19 footnote footnote NN 34457 2322 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2322 21 . . . 34457 2323 1 In in IN 34457 2323 2 discussing discuss VBG 34457 2323 3 the the DT 34457 2323 4 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2323 5 in in IN 34457 2323 6 systems system NNS 34457 2323 7 containing contain VBG 34457 2323 8 a a DT 34457 2323 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2323 10 solution solution NN 34457 2323 11 , , , 34457 2323 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2323 13 is be VBZ 34457 2323 14 of of IN 34457 2323 15 essential essential JJ 34457 2323 16 importance importance NN 34457 2323 17 to to TO 34457 2323 18 remember remember VB 34457 2323 19 that that IN 34457 2323 20 a a DT 34457 2323 21 solid solid JJ 34457 2323 22 solution solution NN 34457 2323 23 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 2323 24 only only RB 34457 2323 25 _ _ NNP 34457 2323 26 one one CD 34457 2323 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2323 28 phase phase NN 34457 2323 29 , , , 34457 2323 30 a a DT 34457 2323 31 phase phase NN 34457 2323 32 of of IN 34457 2323 33 varying vary VBG 34457 2323 34 composition composition NN 34457 2323 35 , , , 34457 2323 36 as as IN 34457 2323 37 in in IN 34457 2323 38 the the DT 34457 2323 39 case case NN 34457 2323 40 of of IN 34457 2323 41 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2323 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 2323 43 . . . 34457 2324 1 Solution solution NN 34457 2324 2 of of IN 34457 2324 3 Gases gas NNS 34457 2324 4 in in IN 34457 2324 5 Solids.--Comparatively solids.--comparatively CD 34457 2324 6 little little JJ 34457 2324 7 work work NN 34457 2324 8 has have VBZ 34457 2324 9 been be VBN 34457 2324 10 done do VBN 34457 2324 11 in in IN 34457 2324 12 this this DT 34457 2324 13 connection connection NN 34457 2324 14 , , , 34457 2324 15 the the DT 34457 2324 16 investigations investigation NNS 34457 2324 17 being be VBG 34457 2324 18 limited limit VBN 34457 2324 19 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 2324 20 to to IN 34457 2324 21 the the DT 34457 2324 22 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2324 23 of of IN 34457 2324 24 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2324 25 or or CC 34457 2324 26 adsorption adsorption NN 34457 2324 27 of of IN 34457 2324 28 gases gas NNS 34457 2324 29 by by IN 34457 2324 30 charcoal charcoal NN 34457 2324 31 . . . 34457 2325 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2325 2 257 257 CD 34457 2325 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2325 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2325 5 shall shall MD 34457 2325 6 , , , 34457 2325 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 2325 8 , , , 34457 2325 9 indicate indicate VBP 34457 2325 10 only only RB 34457 2325 11 briefly briefly NN 34457 2325 12 { { -LRB- 34457 2325 13 177 177 CD 34457 2325 14 } } -RRB- 34457 2325 15 and and CC 34457 2325 16 in in IN 34457 2325 17 a a DT 34457 2325 18 general general JJ 34457 2325 19 manner manner NN 34457 2325 20 , , , 34457 2325 21 the the DT 34457 2325 22 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2325 23 which which WDT 34457 2325 24 the the DT 34457 2325 25 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2325 26 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2325 27 enables enable VBZ 34457 2325 28 us -PRON- PRP 34457 2325 29 to to TO 34457 2325 30 foresee foresee VB 34457 2325 31 . . . 34457 2326 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2326 2 258 258 CD 34457 2326 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2326 4 In in IN 34457 2326 5 dealing deal VBG 34457 2326 6 with with IN 34457 2326 7 the the DT 34457 2326 8 systems system NNS 34457 2326 9 formed form VBN 34457 2326 10 by by IN 34457 2326 11 the the DT 34457 2326 12 two two CD 34457 2326 13 phases phase NNS 34457 2326 14 gas gas NN 34457 2326 15 -- -- : 34457 2326 16 solid solid JJ 34457 2326 17 , , , 34457 2326 18 three three CD 34457 2326 19 chief chief JJ 34457 2326 20 cases case NNS 34457 2326 21 call call VBP 34457 2326 22 for for IN 34457 2326 23 mention:-- mention:-- '' 34457 2326 24 I. i. NN 34457 2327 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2327 2 The the DT 34457 2327 3 gas gas NN 34457 2327 4 is be VBZ 34457 2327 5 not not RB 34457 2327 6 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 2327 7 by by IN 34457 2327 8 the the DT 34457 2327 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2327 10 , , , 34457 2327 11 but but CC 34457 2327 12 when when WRB 34457 2327 13 the the DT 34457 2327 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 2327 15 reaches reach VBZ 34457 2327 16 a a DT 34457 2327 17 certain certain JJ 34457 2327 18 value value NN 34457 2327 19 , , , 34457 2327 20 combination combination NN 34457 2327 21 of of IN 34457 2327 22 the the DT 34457 2327 23 two two CD 34457 2327 24 components component NNS 34457 2327 25 can can MD 34457 2327 26 result result VB 34457 2327 27 . . . 34457 2327 28 _ _ NNP 34457 2327 29 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2327 30 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2327 31 : : : 34457 2327 32 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2327 33 . . . 34457 2328 1 46 46 CD 34457 2328 2 . . . 34457 2328 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2329 1 The the DT 34457 2329 2 graphic graphic JJ 34457 2329 3 representation representation NN 34457 2329 4 of of IN 34457 2329 5 such such PDT 34457 2329 6 a a DT 34457 2329 7 system system NN 34457 2329 8 is be VBZ 34457 2329 9 shown show VBN 34457 2329 10 in in IN 34457 2329 11 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2329 12 . . . 34457 2330 1 46 46 CD 34457 2330 2 , , , 34457 2330 3 the the DT 34457 2330 4 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 2330 5 being be VBG 34457 2330 6 the the DT 34457 2330 7 pressures pressure NNS 34457 2330 8 of of IN 34457 2330 9 the the DT 34457 2330 10 gas gas NN 34457 2330 11 , , , 34457 2330 12 and and CC 34457 2330 13 the the DT 34457 2330 14 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 2330 15 ¦ ¦ VBP 34457 2330 16 the the DT 34457 2330 17 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 2330 18 of of IN 34457 2330 19 the the DT 34457 2330 20 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 2330 21 component component NN 34457 2330 22 in in IN 34457 2330 23 the the DT 34457 2330 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2330 25 phase phase NN 34457 2330 26 . . . 34457 2331 1 Since since IN 34457 2331 2 there there EX 34457 2331 3 is be VBZ 34457 2331 4 no no DT 34457 2331 5 formation formation NN 34457 2331 6 of of IN 34457 2331 7 a a DT 34457 2331 8 solid solid JJ 34457 2331 9 solution solution NN 34457 2331 10 , , , 34457 2331 11 the the DT 34457 2331 12 concentration concentration NN 34457 2331 13 of of IN 34457 2331 14 gas gas NN 34457 2331 15 in in IN 34457 2331 16 the the DT 34457 2331 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2331 18 phase phase NN 34457 2331 19 remains remain VBZ 34457 2331 20 zero zero CD 34457 2331 21 until until IN 34457 2331 22 the the DT 34457 2331 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 2331 24 has have VBZ 34457 2331 25 increased increase VBN 34457 2331 26 to to IN 34457 2331 27 the the DT 34457 2331 28 point point NN 34457 2331 29 A. a. NN 34457 2332 1 At at IN 34457 2332 2 this this DT 34457 2332 3 point point NN 34457 2332 4 combination combination NN 34457 2332 5 can can MD 34457 2332 6 take take VB 34457 2332 7 place place NN 34457 2332 8 . . . 34457 2333 1 There there EX 34457 2333 2 will will MD 34457 2333 3 now now RB 34457 2333 4 be be VB 34457 2333 5 three three CD 34457 2333 6 phases phase NNS 34457 2333 7 present present JJ 34457 2333 8 , , , 34457 2333 9 viz viz NN 34457 2333 10 . . . 34457 2334 1 solid solid JJ 34457 2334 2 component component NN 34457 2334 3 , , , 34457 2334 4 compound compound NNP 34457 2334 5 , , , 34457 2334 6 and and CC 34457 2334 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 2334 8 . . . 34457 2335 1 The the DT 34457 2335 2 system system NN 34457 2335 3 is be VBZ 34457 2335 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 2335 5 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2335 6 , , , 34457 2335 7 and and CC 34457 2335 8 if if IN 34457 2335 9 the the DT 34457 2335 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2335 11 is be VBZ 34457 2335 12 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2335 13 constant constant JJ 34457 2335 14 , , , 34457 2335 15 the the DT 34457 2335 16 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2335 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 2335 18 will will MD 34457 2335 19 be be VB 34457 2335 20 constant constant JJ 34457 2335 21 , , , 34457 2335 22 irrespective irrespective RB 34457 2335 23 of of IN 34457 2335 24 the the DT 34457 2335 25 amount amount NN 34457 2335 26 of of IN 34457 2335 27 compound compound NN 34457 2335 28 formed form VBN 34457 2335 29 , , , 34457 2335 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2335 31 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2335 32 _ _ NNP 34457 2335 33 irrespective irrespective RB 34457 2335 34 of of IN 34457 2335 35 the the DT 34457 2335 36 relative relative JJ 34457 2335 37 amounts amount NNS 34457 2335 38 of of IN 34457 2335 39 gas gas NN 34457 2335 40 and and CC 34457 2335 41 solid solid JJ 34457 2335 42 . . . 34457 2336 1 This this DT 34457 2336 2 is be VBZ 34457 2336 3 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2336 4 by by IN 34457 2336 5 the the DT 34457 2336 6 line line NN 34457 2336 7 AB AB NNP 34457 2336 8 . . . 34457 2337 1 When when WRB 34457 2337 2 the the DT 34457 2337 3 solid solid JJ 34457 2337 4 component component NN 34457 2337 5 has have VBZ 34457 2337 6 entirely entirely RB 34457 2337 7 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 2337 8 , , , 34457 2337 9 the the DT 34457 2337 10 system system NN 34457 2337 11 ceases cease VBZ 34457 2337 12 to to TO 34457 2337 13 be be VB 34457 2337 14 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2337 15 , , , 34457 2337 16 and and CC 34457 2337 17 if if IN 34457 2337 18 no no DT 34457 2337 19 absorption absorption NN 34457 2337 20 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2337 21 , , , 34457 2337 22 the the DT 34457 2337 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 2337 24 will will MD 34457 2337 25 increase increase VB 34457 2337 26 again again RB 34457 2337 27 , , , 34457 2337 28 as as IN 34457 2337 29 shown show VBN 34457 2337 30 by by IN 34457 2337 31 BC BC NNP 34457 2337 32 . . . 34457 2338 1 If if IN 34457 2338 2 a a DT 34457 2338 3 second second JJ 34457 2338 4 compound compound NN 34457 2338 5 can can MD 34457 2338 6 be be VB 34457 2338 7 formed form VBN 34457 2338 8 , , , 34457 2338 9 then then RB 34457 2338 10 a a DT 34457 2338 11 second second JJ 34457 2338 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2338 13 pc_-line pc_-line NN 34457 2338 14 will will MD 34457 2338 15 be be VB 34457 2338 16 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2338 17 , , , 34457 2338 18 similar similar JJ 34457 2338 19 to to IN 34457 2338 20 the the DT 34457 2338 21 preceding precede VBG 34457 2338 22 . . . 34457 2339 1 To to IN 34457 2339 2 this this DT 34457 2339 3 group group NN 34457 2339 4 belong belong VBP 34457 2339 5 the the DT 34457 2339 6 salt salt NN 34457 2339 7 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 2339 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2339 9 Chap Chap NNP 34457 2339 10 . . . 34457 2340 1 VII VII NNP 34457 2340 2 . . . 34457 2340 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2340 4 . . . 34457 2341 1 II ii CD 34457 2341 2 . . . 34457 2342 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2342 2 The the DT 34457 2342 3 gas gas NN 34457 2342 4 may may MD 34457 2342 5 be be VB 34457 2342 6 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 2342 7 and and CC 34457 2342 8 may may MD 34457 2342 9 also also RB 34457 2342 10 form form VB 34457 2342 11 a a DT 34457 2342 12 compound compound NN 34457 2342 13 . . . 34457 2342 14 _ _ XX 34457 2342 15 If if IN 34457 2342 16 absorption absorption NN 34457 2342 17 of of IN 34457 2342 18 gas gas NN 34457 2342 19 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2342 20 with with IN 34457 2342 21 formation formation NN 34457 2342 22 of of IN 34457 2342 23 a a DT 34457 2342 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2342 25 solution solution NN 34457 2342 26 , , , 34457 2342 27 then then RB 34457 2342 28 , , , 34457 2342 29 as as IN 34457 2342 30 the the DT 34457 2342 31 system system NN 34457 2342 32 consists consist VBZ 34457 2342 33 of of IN 34457 2342 34 two two CD 34457 2342 35 phases phase NNS 34457 2342 36 , , , 34457 2342 37 solution solution NN 34457 2342 38 -- -- : 34457 2342 39 vapour vapour UH 34457 2342 40 , , , 34457 2342 41 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2342 42 is be VBZ 34457 2342 43 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 2342 44 . . . 34457 2343 1 At at IN 34457 2343 2 constant constant JJ 34457 2343 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2343 4 , , , 34457 2343 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2343 6 , , , 34457 2343 7 the the DT 34457 2343 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 2343 9 will will MD 34457 2343 10 still still RB 34457 2343 11 vary vary VB 34457 2343 12 with with IN 34457 2343 13 the the DT 34457 2343 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 2343 15 of of IN 34457 2343 16 the the DT 34457 2343 17 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 2343 18 component component NN 34457 2343 19 in in IN 34457 2343 20 the the DT 34457 2343 21 solid solid JJ 34457 2343 22 phase phase NN 34457 2343 23 . . . 34457 2344 1 This this DT 34457 2344 2 is be VBZ 34457 2344 3 represented represent VBN 34457 2344 4 by by IN 34457 2344 5 the the DT 34457 2344 6 curve curve NN 34457 2344 7 AB ab NN 34457 2344 8 in in IN 34457 2344 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2344 10 . . . 34457 2345 1 47 47 CD 34457 2345 2 . . . 34457 2346 1 When when WRB 34457 2346 2 , , , 34457 2346 3 however however RB 34457 2346 4 , , , 34457 2346 5 the the DT 34457 2346 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 2346 7 has have VBZ 34457 2346 8 reached reach VBN 34457 2346 9 a a DT 34457 2346 10 certain certain JJ 34457 2346 11 value value NN 34457 2346 12 , , , 34457 2346 13 combination combination NN 34457 2346 14 can can MD 34457 2346 15 take take VB 34457 2346 16 place place NN 34457 2346 17 ; ; : 34457 2346 18 and and CC 34457 2346 19 since since IN 34457 2346 20 there there EX 34457 2346 21 are be VBP 34457 2346 22 now now RB 34457 2346 23 three three CD 34457 2346 24 phases phase NNS 34457 2346 25 present present JJ 34457 2346 26 , , , 34457 2346 27 the the DT 34457 2346 28 system system NN 34457 2346 29 is be VBZ 34457 2346 30 { { -LRB- 34457 2346 31 178 178 CD 34457 2346 32 } } -RRB- 34457 2346 33 univariant univariant NN 34457 2346 34 , , , 34457 2346 35 and and CC 34457 2346 36 at at IN 34457 2346 37 constant constant JJ 34457 2346 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 2346 39 the the DT 34457 2346 40 pressure pressure NN 34457 2346 41 is be VBZ 34457 2346 42 constant constant JJ 34457 2346 43 , , , 34457 2346 44 as as IN 34457 2346 45 shown show VBN 34457 2346 46 by by IN 34457 2346 47 the the DT 34457 2346 48 line line NN 34457 2346 49 BC BC NNP 34457 2346 50 . . . 34457 2347 1 III iii CD 34457 2347 2 . . . 34457 2348 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2348 2 Absorption Absorption NNP 34457 2348 3 of of IN 34457 2348 4 gas gas NN 34457 2348 5 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2348 6 , , , 34457 2348 7 but but CC 34457 2348 8 at at IN 34457 2348 9 a a DT 34457 2348 10 certain certain JJ 34457 2348 11 concentration concentration NN 34457 2348 12 the the DT 34457 2348 13 solid solid JJ 34457 2348 14 solution solution NN 34457 2348 15 can can MD 34457 2348 16 separate separate VB 34457 2348 17 into into IN 34457 2348 18 two two CD 34457 2348 19 immiscible immiscible JJ 34457 2348 20 solid solid JJ 34457 2348 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 2348 22 . . . 34457 2348 23 _ _ IN 34457 2348 24 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2348 25 have have VBP 34457 2348 26 seen see VBN 34457 2348 27 , , , 34457 2348 28 in in IN 34457 2348 29 Chapter Chapter NNP 34457 2348 30 VI VI NNP 34457 2348 31 . . NNP 34457 2348 32 , , , 34457 2348 33 that that IN 34457 2348 34 two two CD 34457 2348 35 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2348 36 can can MD 34457 2348 37 form form VB 34457 2348 38 two two CD 34457 2348 39 immiscible immiscible JJ 34457 2348 40 solutions solution NNS 34457 2348 41 , , , 34457 2348 42 and and CC 34457 2348 43 the the DT 34457 2348 44 same same JJ 34457 2348 45 has have VBZ 34457 2348 46 also also RB 34457 2348 47 been be VBN 34457 2348 48 found find VBN 34457 2348 49 true true JJ 34457 2348 50 of of IN 34457 2348 51 solid solid JJ 34457 2348 52 solutions solution NNS 34457 2348 53 , , , 34457 2348 54 as as IN 34457 2348 55 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2348 56 shall shall MD 34457 2348 57 presently presently RB 34457 2348 58 learn learn VB 34457 2348 59 more more RBR 34457 2348 60 fully fully RB 34457 2348 61 . . . 34457 2349 1 If if IN 34457 2349 2 , , , 34457 2349 3 now now RB 34457 2349 4 , , , 34457 2349 5 two two CD 34457 2349 6 immiscible immiscible JJ 34457 2349 7 solutions solution NNS 34457 2349 8 are be VBP 34457 2349 9 formed form VBN 34457 2349 10 , , , 34457 2349 11 then then RB 34457 2349 12 the the DT 34457 2349 13 system system NN 34457 2349 14 will will MD 34457 2349 15 become become VB 34457 2349 16 univariant univariant JJ 34457 2349 17 , , , 34457 2349 18 and and CC 34457 2349 19 at at IN 34457 2349 20 constant constant JJ 34457 2349 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 2349 22 the the DT 34457 2349 23 _ _ NNP 34457 2349 24 pc_-curve pc_-curve NNP 34457 2349 25 will will MD 34457 2349 26 be be VB 34457 2349 27 a a DT 34457 2349 28 straight straight JJ 34457 2349 29 line line NN 34457 2349 30 , , , 34457 2349 31 as as IN 34457 2349 32 in in IN 34457 2349 33 the the DT 34457 2349 34 case case NN 34457 2349 35 of of IN 34457 2349 36 the the DT 34457 2349 37 formation formation NN 34457 2349 38 of of IN 34457 2349 39 a a DT 34457 2349 40 compound compound NN 34457 2349 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2349 42 cf cf NN 34457 2349 43 . . . 34457 2350 1 p. p. NN 34457 2350 2 86 86 CD 34457 2350 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2350 4 . . . 34457 2351 1 The the DT 34457 2351 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2351 3 of of IN 34457 2351 4 this this DT 34457 2351 5 system system NN 34457 2351 6 will will MD 34457 2351 7 , , , 34457 2351 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2351 9 , , , 34457 2351 10 also also RB 34457 2351 11 be be VB 34457 2351 12 represented represent VBN 34457 2351 13 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 2351 14 by by IN 34457 2351 15 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2351 16 . . . 34457 2352 1 47 47 CD 34457 2352 2 . . . 34457 2353 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2353 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2353 3 : : : 34457 2353 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2353 5 . . . 34457 2354 1 47 47 CD 34457 2354 2 . . . 34457 2354 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2355 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2355 2 Palladium Palladium NNP 34457 2355 3 and and CC 34457 2355 4 Hydrogen._--The Hydrogen._--The NNP 34457 2355 5 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 2355 6 of of IN 34457 2355 7 the the DT 34457 2355 8 absorption absorption NN 34457 2355 9 of of IN 34457 2355 10 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2355 11 by by IN 34457 2355 12 palladium palladium NN 34457 2355 13 , , , 34457 2355 14 to to TO 34457 2355 15 which which WDT 34457 2355 16 Graham Graham NNP 34457 2355 17 gave give VBD 34457 2355 18 the the DT 34457 2355 19 name name NN 34457 2355 20 " " `` 34457 2355 21 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2355 22 , , , 34457 2355 23 " " '' 34457 2355 24 is be VBZ 34457 2355 25 one one NN 34457 2355 26 that that WDT 34457 2355 27 has have VBZ 34457 2355 28 claimed claim VBN 34457 2355 29 the the DT 34457 2355 30 attention attention NN 34457 2355 31 of of IN 34457 2355 32 several several JJ 34457 2355 33 investigators investigator NNS 34457 2355 34 . . . 34457 2356 1 Although although IN 34457 2356 2 Graham Graham NNP 34457 2356 3 was be VBD 34457 2356 4 not not RB 34457 2356 5 of of IN 34457 2356 6 opinion opinion NN 34457 2356 7 that that IN 34457 2356 8 a a DT 34457 2356 9 compound compound NN 34457 2356 10 is be VBZ 34457 2356 11 formed form VBN 34457 2356 12 , , , 34457 2356 13 but but CC 34457 2356 14 rather rather RB 34457 2356 15 that that IN 34457 2356 16 the the DT 34457 2356 17 gas gas NN 34457 2356 18 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 2356 19 very very RB 34457 2356 20 great great JJ 34457 2356 21 condensation condensation NN 34457 2356 22 , , , 34457 2356 23 acts act VBZ 34457 2356 24 as as IN 34457 2356 25 a a DT 34457 2356 26 quasi quasi JJ 34457 2356 27 - - NN 34457 2356 28 metal metal JJ 34457 2356 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2356 30 to to TO 34457 2356 31 which which WDT 34457 2356 32 he -PRON- PRP 34457 2356 33 gave give VBD 34457 2356 34 the the DT 34457 2356 35 name name NN 34457 2356 36 hydrogenium hydrogenium NN 34457 2356 37 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2356 38 , , , 34457 2356 39 and and CC 34457 2356 40 forms form VBZ 34457 2356 41 a a DT 34457 2356 42 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2356 43 alloy alloy NN 34457 2356 44 with with IN 34457 2356 45 the the DT 34457 2356 46 palladium palladium NN 34457 2356 47 , , , 34457 2356 48 later later JJ 34457 2356 49 investigations investigation NNS 34457 2356 50 , , , 34457 2356 51 especially especially RB 34457 2356 52 those those DT 34457 2356 53 of of IN 34457 2356 54 Troost Troost NNP 34457 2356 55 and and CC 34457 2356 56 Hautefeuille,[259 hautefeuille,[259 ADD 34457 2356 57 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2356 58 pointed point VBN 34457 2356 59 to to IN 34457 2356 60 the the DT 34457 2356 61 formation formation NN 34457 2356 62 of of IN 34457 2356 63 a a DT 34457 2356 64 definite definite JJ 34457 2356 65 chemical chemical NN 34457 2356 66 compound compound NN 34457 2356 67 , , , 34457 2356 68 having have VBG 34457 2356 69 the the DT 34457 2356 70 formula formula NN 34457 2356 71 Pd_{2}H. pd_{2}h. NN 34457 2356 72 This this DT 34457 2356 73 conclusion conclusion NN 34457 2356 74 has have VBZ 34457 2356 75 , , , 34457 2356 76 however however RB 34457 2356 77 , , , 34457 2356 78 not not RB 34457 2356 79 been be VBN 34457 2356 80 confirmed confirm VBN 34457 2356 81 by by IN 34457 2356 82 subsequent subsequent JJ 34457 2356 83 investigation investigation NN 34457 2356 84 . . . 34457 2357 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2357 2 260 260 CD 34457 2357 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2357 4 Roozeboom roozeboom NN 34457 2357 5 and and CC 34457 2357 6 Hoitsema[261 Hoitsema[261 NNS 34457 2357 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2357 8 sought seek VBN 34457 2357 9 to to TO 34457 2357 10 arrive arrive VB 34457 2357 11 at at IN 34457 2357 12 a a DT 34457 2357 13 final final JJ 34457 2357 14 decision decision NN 34457 2357 15 as as IN 34457 2357 16 to to IN 34457 2357 17 the the DT 34457 2357 18 nature nature NN 34457 2357 19 of of IN 34457 2357 20 the the DT 34457 2357 21 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 2357 22 by by IN 34457 2357 23 an an DT 34457 2357 24 investigation investigation NN 34457 2357 25 of of IN 34457 2357 26 the the DT 34457 2357 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2357 28 between between IN 34457 2357 29 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2357 30 and and CC 34457 2357 31 palladium palladium NN 34457 2357 32 on on IN 34457 2357 33 the the DT 34457 2357 34 basis basis NN 34457 2357 35 of of IN 34457 2357 36 the the DT 34457 2357 37 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2357 38 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2357 39 classification classification NN 34457 2357 40 given give VBN 34457 2357 41 above above RB 34457 2357 42 . . . 34457 2358 1 If if IN 34457 2358 2 a a DT 34457 2358 3 compound compound NN 34457 2358 4 is be VBZ 34457 2358 5 formed form VBN 34457 2358 6 , , , 34457 2358 7 diminution diminution NN 34457 2358 8 of of IN 34457 2358 9 volume volume NN 34457 2358 10 would would MD 34457 2358 11 cause cause VB 34457 2358 12 no no DT 34457 2358 13 increase increase NN 34457 2358 14 of of IN 34457 2358 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 2358 16 , , , 34457 2358 17 but but CC 34457 2358 18 only only RB 34457 2358 19 an an DT 34457 2358 20 increase increase NN 34457 2358 21 in in IN 34457 2358 22 the the DT 34457 2358 23 amount amount NN 34457 2358 24 of of IN 34457 2358 25 the the DT 34457 2358 26 compound compound NN 34457 2358 27 . . . 34457 2359 1 As as IN 34457 2359 2 this this DT 34457 2359 3 is be VBZ 34457 2359 4 the the DT 34457 2359 5 only only JJ 34457 2359 6 case case NN 34457 2359 7 of of IN 34457 2359 8 gas gas NN 34457 2359 9 absorption absorption NN 34457 2359 10 which which WDT 34457 2359 11 has have VBZ 34457 2359 12 been be VBN 34457 2359 13 { { -LRB- 34457 2359 14 179 179 CD 34457 2359 15 } } -RRB- 34457 2359 16 accurately accurately RB 34457 2359 17 studied study VBN 34457 2359 18 from from IN 34457 2359 19 this this DT 34457 2359 20 point point NN 34457 2359 21 of of IN 34457 2359 22 view view NN 34457 2359 23 , , , 34457 2359 24 a a DT 34457 2359 25 brief brief JJ 34457 2359 26 account account NN 34457 2359 27 of of IN 34457 2359 28 the the DT 34457 2359 29 results result NNS 34457 2359 30 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2359 31 will will MD 34457 2359 32 be be VB 34457 2359 33 given give VBN 34457 2359 34 here here RB 34457 2359 35 , , , 34457 2359 36 although although IN 34457 2359 37 these these DT 34457 2359 38 are be VBP 34457 2359 39 not not RB 34457 2359 40 so so RB 34457 2359 41 clear clear JJ 34457 2359 42 and and CC 34457 2359 43 free free JJ 34457 2359 44 from from IN 34457 2359 45 ambiguity ambiguity NN 34457 2359 46 as as IN 34457 2359 47 one one PRP 34457 2359 48 would would MD 34457 2359 49 desire desire VB 34457 2359 50 . . . 34457 2360 1 The the DT 34457 2360 2 scientists scientist NNS 34457 2360 3 just just RB 34457 2360 4 mentioned mention VBD 34457 2360 5 investigated investigate VBN 34457 2360 6 the the DT 34457 2360 7 variation variation NN 34457 2360 8 of of IN 34457 2360 9 the the DT 34457 2360 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 2360 11 of of IN 34457 2360 12 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2360 13 with with IN 34457 2360 14 the the DT 34457 2360 15 amount amount NN 34457 2360 16 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 2360 17 by by IN 34457 2360 18 the the DT 34457 2360 19 metal metal NN 34457 2360 20 at at IN 34457 2360 21 different different JJ 34457 2360 22 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2360 23 , , , 34457 2360 24 and and CC 34457 2360 25 a a DT 34457 2360 26 few few JJ 34457 2360 27 of of IN 34457 2360 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2360 29 results result NNS 34457 2360 30 , , , 34457 2360 31 typical typical JJ 34457 2360 32 of of IN 34457 2360 33 all all DT 34457 2360 34 , , , 34457 2360 35 are be VBP 34457 2360 36 represented represent VBN 34457 2360 37 graphically graphically RB 34457 2360 38 in in IN 34457 2360 39 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2360 40 . . . 34457 2361 1 48 48 CD 34457 2361 2 ; ; : 34457 2361 3 the the DT 34457 2361 4 curves curve NNS 34457 2361 5 indicating indicate VBG 34457 2361 6 the the DT 34457 2361 7 variation variation NN 34457 2361 8 of of IN 34457 2361 9 the the DT 34457 2361 10 gas gas NN 34457 2361 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 2361 12 with with IN 34457 2361 13 the the DT 34457 2361 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 2361 15 of of IN 34457 2361 16 the the DT 34457 2361 17 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2361 18 in in IN 34457 2361 19 the the DT 34457 2361 20 palladium palladium NN 34457 2361 21 at at IN 34457 2361 22 the the DT 34457 2361 23 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2361 24 120 120â CD 34457 2361 25 ° ° NNS 34457 2361 26 , , , 34457 2361 27 170 170â CD 34457 2361 28 ° ° NNS 34457 2361 29 , , , 34457 2361 30 and and CC 34457 2361 31 200 200â CD 34457 2361 32 ° ° NNS 34457 2361 33 . . . 34457 2362 1 As as IN 34457 2362 2 can can MD 34457 2362 3 be be VB 34457 2362 4 seen see VBN 34457 2362 5 , , , 34457 2362 6 the the DT 34457 2362 7 curve curve NN 34457 2362 8 consists consist VBZ 34457 2362 9 of of IN 34457 2362 10 three three CD 34457 2362 11 parts part NNS 34457 2362 12 , , , 34457 2362 13 an an DT 34457 2362 14 ascending ascend VBG 34457 2362 15 portion portion NN 34457 2362 16 which which WDT 34457 2362 17 passes pass VBZ 34457 2362 18 gradually gradually RB 34457 2362 19 and and CC 34457 2362 20 continuously continuously RB 34457 2362 21 into into IN 34457 2362 22 an an DT 34457 2362 23 almost almost RB 34457 2362 24 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 2362 25 but but CC 34457 2362 26 slightly slightly RB 34457 2362 27 ascending ascend VBG 34457 2362 28 middle middle JJ 34457 2362 29 part part NN 34457 2362 30 , , , 34457 2362 31 which which WDT 34457 2362 32 in in IN 34457 2362 33 turn turn NN 34457 2362 34 passes pass VBZ 34457 2362 35 without without IN 34457 2362 36 break break NN 34457 2362 37 into into IN 34457 2362 38 a a DT 34457 2362 39 second second JJ 34457 2362 40 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2362 41 ascending ascend VBG 34457 2362 42 curve curve NN 34457 2362 43 . . . 34457 2363 1 This this DT 34457 2363 2 , , , 34457 2363 3 as as IN 34457 2363 4 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2363 5 . . . 34457 2364 1 48 48 CD 34457 2364 2 indicates indicate NNS 34457 2364 3 , , , 34457 2364 4 is be VBZ 34457 2364 5 the the DT 34457 2364 6 general general JJ 34457 2364 7 form form NN 34457 2364 8 of of IN 34457 2364 9 the the DT 34457 2364 10 curve curve NN 34457 2364 11 ; ; : 34457 2364 12 but but CC 34457 2364 13 the the DT 34457 2364 14 length length NN 34457 2364 15 of of IN 34457 2364 16 the the DT 34457 2364 17 middle middle JJ 34457 2364 18 portion portion NN 34457 2364 19 varies vary VBZ 34457 2364 20 with with IN 34457 2364 21 the the DT 34457 2364 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 2364 23 , , , 34457 2364 24 being be VBG 34457 2364 25 shorter short JJR 34457 2364 26 at at IN 34457 2364 27 higher high JJR 34457 2364 28 than than IN 34457 2364 29 at at IN 34457 2364 30 lower low JJR 34457 2364 31 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2364 32 . . . 34457 2365 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2365 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2365 3 : : : 34457 2365 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2365 5 . . . 34457 2366 1 48 48 CD 34457 2366 2 . . . 34457 2366 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2367 1 What what WP 34457 2367 2 is be VBZ 34457 2367 3 the the DT 34457 2367 4 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2367 5 to to TO 34457 2367 6 be be VB 34457 2367 7 put put VBN 34457 2367 8 on on IN 34457 2367 9 these these DT 34457 2367 10 curves curve NNS 34457 2367 11 ? ? . 34457 2368 1 With with IN 34457 2368 2 regard regard NN 34457 2368 3 to to IN 34457 2368 4 the the DT 34457 2368 5 two two CD 34457 2368 6 end end NN 34457 2368 7 portions portion NNS 34457 2368 8 , , , 34457 2368 9 these these DT 34457 2368 10 represent represent VBP 34457 2368 11 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 2368 12 , , , 34457 2368 13 two two CD 34457 2368 14 - - HYPH 34457 2368 15 phase phase NN 34457 2368 16 systems system NNS 34457 2368 17 , , , 34457 2368 18 consisting consist VBG 34457 2368 19 of of IN 34457 2368 20 a a DT 34457 2368 21 solid solid JJ 34457 2368 22 solution solution NN 34457 2368 23 and and CC 34457 2368 24 gas gas NN 34457 2368 25 . . . 34457 2369 1 They -PRON- PRP 34457 2369 2 correspond correspond VBP 34457 2369 3 , , , 34457 2369 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 2369 5 , , , 34457 2369 6 to to TO 34457 2369 7 curve curve VB 34457 2369 8 AB AB NNP 34457 2369 9 in in IN 34457 2369 10 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2369 11 . . . 34457 2370 1 47 47 CD 34457 2370 2 . . . 34457 2371 1 If if IN 34457 2371 2 the the DT 34457 2371 3 middle middle JJ 34457 2371 4 portion portion NN 34457 2371 5 were be VBD 34457 2371 6 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 2371 7 , , , 34457 2371 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2371 9 would would MD 34457 2371 10 indicate indicate VB 34457 2371 11 either either CC 34457 2371 12 the the DT 34457 2371 13 formation formation NN 34457 2371 14 of of IN 34457 2371 15 a a DT 34457 2371 16 compound compound NN 34457 2371 17 or or CC 34457 2371 18 of of IN 34457 2371 19 two two CD 34457 2371 20 immiscible immiscible JJ 34457 2371 21 solid solid JJ 34457 2371 22 solutions solution NNS 34457 2371 23 . . . 34457 2372 1 If if IN 34457 2372 2 a a DT 34457 2372 3 compound compound NN 34457 2372 4 Pd_{2}H Pd_{2}H '' 34457 2372 5 were be VBD 34457 2372 6 formed form VBN 34457 2372 7 , , , 34457 2372 8 then then RB 34457 2372 9 the the DT 34457 2372 10 middle middle JJ 34457 2372 11 portion portion NN 34457 2372 12 would would MD 34457 2372 13 at at IN 34457 2372 14 all all DT 34457 2372 15 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2372 16 end end VBP 34457 2372 17 at at IN 34457 2372 18 the the DT 34457 2372 19 same same JJ 34457 2372 20 value value NN 34457 2372 21 of of IN 34457 2372 22 the the DT 34457 2372 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 2372 24 , , , 34457 2372 25 viz viz NN 34457 2372 26 . . . 34457 2373 1 that that IN 34457 2373 2 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2373 3 to to IN 34457 2373 4 0.5 0.5 CD 34457 2373 5 atoms atom NNS 34457 2373 6 of of IN 34457 2373 7 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2373 8 to to IN 34457 2373 9 1 1 CD 34457 2373 10 atom atom NN 34457 2373 11 of of IN 34457 2373 12 palladium palladium NN 34457 2373 13 . . . 34457 2374 1 As as IN 34457 2374 2 the the DT 34457 2374 3 figure figure NN 34457 2374 4 shows show VBZ 34457 2374 5 , , , 34457 2374 6 however however RB 34457 2374 7 , , , 34457 2374 8 this this DT 34457 2374 9 is be VBZ 34457 2374 10 not not RB 34457 2374 11 the the DT 34457 2374 12 case case NN 34457 2374 13 ; ; : 34457 2374 14 the the DT 34457 2374 15 higher high JJR 34457 2374 16 the the DT 34457 2374 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2374 18 , , , 34457 2374 19 the the DT 34457 2374 20 lower low JJR 34457 2374 21 is be VBZ 34457 2374 22 the the DT 34457 2374 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 2374 24 at at IN 34457 2374 25 which which WDT 34457 2374 26 the the DT 34457 2374 27 middle middle NN 34457 2374 28 passes pass VBZ 34457 2374 29 into into IN 34457 2374 30 the the DT 34457 2374 31 terminal terminal JJ 34457 2374 32 portion portion NN 34457 2374 33 of of IN 34457 2374 34 the the DT 34457 2374 35 curve curve NN 34457 2374 36 . . . 34457 2375 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2375 2 180 180 CD 34457 2375 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2375 4 Such such PDT 34457 2375 5 a a DT 34457 2375 6 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2375 7 would would MD 34457 2375 8 , , , 34457 2375 9 however however RB 34457 2375 10 , , , 34457 2375 11 agree agree VBP 34457 2375 12 with with IN 34457 2375 13 the the DT 34457 2375 14 assumption assumption NN 34457 2375 15 of of IN 34457 2375 16 the the DT 34457 2375 17 formation formation NN 34457 2375 18 of of IN 34457 2375 19 two two CD 34457 2375 20 solid solid JJ 34457 2375 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 2375 22 , , , 34457 2375 23 the the DT 34457 2375 24 " " `` 34457 2375 25 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 2375 26 " " '' 34457 2375 27 of of IN 34457 2375 28 which which WDT 34457 2375 29 increases increase VBZ 34457 2375 30 with with IN 34457 2375 31 the the DT 34457 2375 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 2375 33 , , , 34457 2375 34 as as IN 34457 2375 35 in in IN 34457 2375 36 the the DT 34457 2375 37 case case NN 34457 2375 38 of of IN 34457 2375 39 the the DT 34457 2375 40 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2375 41 solutions solution NNS 34457 2375 42 of of IN 34457 2375 43 phenol phenol NN 34457 2375 44 and and CC 34457 2375 45 water water NN 34457 2375 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2375 47 p. p. NN 34457 2375 48 97 97 CD 34457 2375 49 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2375 50 . . . 34457 2376 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 2376 2 , , , 34457 2376 3 although although IN 34457 2376 4 the the DT 34457 2376 5 assumption assumption NN 34457 2376 6 of of IN 34457 2376 7 the the DT 34457 2376 8 formation formation NN 34457 2376 9 of of IN 34457 2376 10 two two CD 34457 2376 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2376 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 2376 13 is be VBZ 34457 2376 14 more more RBR 34457 2376 15 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 34457 2376 16 than than IN 34457 2376 17 that that DT 34457 2376 18 of of IN 34457 2376 19 the the DT 34457 2376 20 formation formation NN 34457 2376 21 of of IN 34457 2376 22 a a DT 34457 2376 23 compound compound NN 34457 2376 24 , , , 34457 2376 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2376 26 does do VBZ 34457 2376 27 not not RB 34457 2376 28 entirely entirely RB 34457 2376 29 explain explain VB 34457 2376 30 the the DT 34457 2376 31 facts fact NNS 34457 2376 32 . . . 34457 2377 1 If if IN 34457 2377 2 two two CD 34457 2377 3 solid solid JJ 34457 2377 4 solutions solution NNS 34457 2377 5 are be VBP 34457 2377 6 formed form VBN 34457 2377 7 , , , 34457 2377 8 the the DT 34457 2377 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 2377 10 curve curve NN 34457 2377 11 should should MD 34457 2377 12 be be VB 34457 2377 13 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 2377 14 , , , 34457 2377 15 but but CC 34457 2377 16 this this DT 34457 2377 17 is be VBZ 34457 2377 18 not not RB 34457 2377 19 the the DT 34457 2377 20 case case NN 34457 2377 21 ; ; , 34457 2377 22 and and CC 34457 2377 23 the the DT 34457 2377 24 deviation deviation NN 34457 2377 25 from from IN 34457 2377 26 the the DT 34457 2377 27 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 2377 28 does do VBZ 34457 2377 29 not not RB 34457 2377 30 appear appear VB 34457 2377 31 to to TO 34457 2377 32 be be VB 34457 2377 33 due due JJ 34457 2377 34 to to IN 34457 2377 35 impurities impurity NNS 34457 2377 36 either either CC 34457 2377 37 in in IN 34457 2377 38 the the DT 34457 2377 39 gas gas NN 34457 2377 40 or or CC 34457 2377 41 in in IN 34457 2377 42 the the DT 34457 2377 43 metal metal NN 34457 2377 44 , , , 34457 2377 45 but but CC 34457 2377 46 is be VBZ 34457 2377 47 apparently apparently RB 34457 2377 48 a a DT 34457 2377 49 peculiarity peculiarity NN 34457 2377 50 of of IN 34457 2377 51 the the DT 34457 2377 52 system system NN 34457 2377 53 . . . 34457 2378 1 Further further RB 34457 2378 2 , , , 34457 2378 3 the the DT 34457 2378 4 gradual gradual JJ 34457 2378 5 instead instead RB 34457 2378 6 of of IN 34457 2378 7 abrupt abrupt JJ 34457 2378 8 passage passage NN 34457 2378 9 of of IN 34457 2378 10 the the DT 34457 2378 11 three three CD 34457 2378 12 portions portion NNS 34457 2378 13 of of IN 34457 2378 14 the the DT 34457 2378 15 curve curve NN 34457 2378 16 into into IN 34457 2378 17 one one CD 34457 2378 18 another another DT 34457 2378 19 remains remain VBZ 34457 2378 20 unexplained unexplained JJ 34457 2378 21 . . . 34457 2379 1 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 2379 2 has have VBZ 34457 2379 3 expressed express VBN 34457 2379 4 the the DT 34457 2379 5 opinion opinion NN 34457 2379 6 that that IN 34457 2379 7 the the DT 34457 2379 8 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2379 9 of of IN 34457 2379 10 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2379 11 by by IN 34457 2379 12 palladium palladium NN 34457 2379 13 is be VBZ 34457 2379 14 a a DT 34457 2379 15 process process NN 34457 2379 16 of of IN 34457 2379 17 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2379 18 absorption absorption NN 34457 2379 19 , , , 34457 2379 20 the the DT 34457 2379 21 peculiar peculiar JJ 34457 2379 22 form form NN 34457 2379 23 of of IN 34457 2379 24 the the DT 34457 2379 25 curve curve NN 34457 2379 26 -- -- : 34457 2379 27 the the DT 34457 2379 28 flat flat JJ 34457 2379 29 middle middle JJ 34457 2379 30 portion portion NN 34457 2379 31 -- -- : 34457 2379 32 being be VBG 34457 2379 33 possibly possibly RB 34457 2379 34 due due IN 34457 2379 35 to to IN 34457 2379 36 a a DT 34457 2379 37 condensation condensation NN 34457 2379 38 of of IN 34457 2379 39 the the DT 34457 2379 40 gas gas NN 34457 2379 41 , , , 34457 2379 42 even even RB 34457 2379 43 at at IN 34457 2379 44 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2379 45 far far RB 34457 2379 46 above above IN 34457 2379 47 the the DT 34457 2379 48 critical critical JJ 34457 2379 49 temperature temperature NN 34457 2379 50 of of IN 34457 2379 51 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2379 52 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2379 53 . . . 34457 2380 1 While while IN 34457 2380 2 , , , 34457 2380 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2380 4 , , , 34457 2380 5 the the DT 34457 2380 6 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 2380 7 of of IN 34457 2380 8 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2380 9 by by IN 34457 2380 10 palladium palladium NN 34457 2380 11 still still RB 34457 2380 12 presents present VBZ 34457 2380 13 some some DT 34457 2380 14 unexplained unexplained JJ 34457 2380 15 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2380 16 , , , 34457 2380 17 the the DT 34457 2380 18 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2380 19 found find VBN 34457 2380 20 by by IN 34457 2380 21 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 2380 22 would would MD 34457 2380 23 appear appear VB 34457 2380 24 to to TO 34457 2380 25 disprove disprove VB 34457 2380 26 conclusively conclusively RB 34457 2380 27 the the DT 34457 2380 28 formation formation NN 34457 2380 29 of of IN 34457 2380 30 a a DT 34457 2380 31 definite definite JJ 34457 2380 32 chemical chemical NN 34457 2380 33 compound compound NN 34457 2380 34 . . . 34457 2381 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2381 2 262 262 CD 34457 2381 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2381 4 SOLUTION solution NN 34457 2381 5 OF of IN 34457 2381 6 SOLIDS SOLIDS NNP 34457 2381 7 IN in IN 34457 2381 8 SOLIDS SOLIDS NNP 34457 2381 9 . . . 34457 2382 1 MIXED MIXED NNP 34457 2382 2 CRYSTALS crystal NNS 34457 2382 3 . . . 34457 2383 1 The the DT 34457 2383 2 introduction introduction NN 34457 2383 3 by by IN 34457 2383 4 van't van't JJ 34457 2383 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 2383 6 of of IN 34457 2383 7 the the DT 34457 2383 8 term term NN 34457 2383 9 " " `` 34457 2383 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2383 11 solution solution NN 34457 2383 12 " " '' 34457 2383 13 resulted result VBD 34457 2383 14 from from IN 34457 2383 15 the the DT 34457 2383 16 discovery discovery NN 34457 2383 17 of of IN 34457 2383 18 a a DT 34457 2383 19 number number NN 34457 2383 20 of of IN 34457 2383 21 deviations deviation NNS 34457 2383 22 from from IN 34457 2383 23 the the DT 34457 2383 24 Raoult Raoult NNP 34457 2383 25 - - HYPH 34457 2383 26 van't van't VBZ 34457 2383 27 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 2383 28 law law NN 34457 2383 29 for for IN 34457 2383 30 the the DT 34457 2383 31 depression depression NN 34457 2383 32 of of IN 34457 2383 33 the the DT 34457 2383 34 freezing freezing NN 34457 2383 35 point point NN 34457 2383 36 by by IN 34457 2383 37 dissolved dissolved JJ 34457 2383 38 substances substance NNS 34457 2383 39 . . . 34457 2384 1 In in IN 34457 2384 2 all all DT 34457 2384 3 cases case NNS 34457 2384 4 , , , 34457 2384 5 the the DT 34457 2384 6 depression depression NN 34457 2384 7 was be VBD 34457 2384 8 too too RB 34457 2384 9 small small JJ 34457 2384 10 ; ; : 34457 2384 11 in in IN 34457 2384 12 some some DT 34457 2384 13 instances instance NNS 34457 2384 14 , , , 34457 2384 15 indeed indeed RB 34457 2384 16 , , , 34457 2384 17 the the DT 34457 2384 18 freezing freezing NN 34457 2384 19 point point NN 34457 2384 20 may may MD 34457 2384 21 be be VB 34457 2384 22 raised raise VBN 34457 2384 23 . . . 34457 2385 1 To to TO 34457 2385 2 explain explain VB 34457 2385 3 these these DT 34457 2385 4 irregularities irregularity NNS 34457 2385 5 , , , 34457 2385 6 van't van't NNP 34457 2385 7 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 2385 8 assumed assume VBD 34457 2385 9 that that IN 34457 2385 10 the the DT 34457 2385 11 dissolved dissolved JJ 34457 2385 12 substance substance NN 34457 2385 13 crystallized crystallize VBD 34457 2385 14 out out RP 34457 2385 15 along along IN 34457 2385 16 with with IN 34457 2385 17 the the DT 34457 2385 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2385 19 solvent solvent NN 34457 2385 20 ; ; : 34457 2385 21 and and CC 34457 2385 22 he -PRON- PRP 34457 2385 23 showed show VBD 34457 2385 24 how how WRB 34457 2385 25 this this DT 34457 2385 26 would would MD 34457 2385 27 account account VB 34457 2385 28 for for IN 34457 2385 29 the the DT 34457 2385 30 { { -LRB- 34457 2385 31 181 181 CD 34457 2385 32 } } -RRB- 34457 2385 33 deviations deviation NNS 34457 2385 34 from from IN 34457 2385 35 the the DT 34457 2385 36 law law NN 34457 2385 37 of of IN 34457 2385 38 the the DT 34457 2385 39 depression depression NN 34457 2385 40 of of IN 34457 2385 41 the the DT 34457 2385 42 freezing freezing NN 34457 2385 43 point point NN 34457 2385 44 , , , 34457 2385 45 which which WDT 34457 2385 46 had have VBD 34457 2385 47 been be VBN 34457 2385 48 developed develop VBN 34457 2385 49 on on IN 34457 2385 50 the the DT 34457 2385 51 assumption assumption NN 34457 2385 52 that that IN 34457 2385 53 only only RB 34457 2385 54 the the DT 34457 2385 55 pure pure JJ 34457 2385 56 solvent solvent NN 34457 2385 57 crystallized crystallize VBD 34457 2385 58 out out RP 34457 2385 59 from from IN 34457 2385 60 the the DT 34457 2385 61 solution solution NN 34457 2385 62 . . . 34457 2386 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2386 2 263 263 CD 34457 2386 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2386 4 The the DT 34457 2386 5 " " `` 34457 2386 6 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2386 7 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2386 8 " " '' 34457 2386 9 which which WDT 34457 2386 10 were be VBD 34457 2386 11 thus thus RB 34457 2386 12 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2386 13 , , , 34457 2386 14 and and CC 34457 2386 15 which which WDT 34457 2386 16 van't van't VBZ 34457 2386 17 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 2386 18 called call VBD 34457 2386 19 dilute dilute NN 34457 2386 20 solid solid JJ 34457 2386 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 2386 22 , , , 34457 2386 23 showed show VBD 34457 2386 24 great great JJ 34457 2386 25 resemblance resemblance NN 34457 2386 26 in in IN 34457 2386 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2386 28 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2386 29 to to IN 34457 2386 30 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 2386 31 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2386 32 solutions solution NNS 34457 2386 33 , , , 34457 2386 34 and and CC 34457 2386 35 obeyed obey VBD 34457 2386 36 the the DT 34457 2386 37 laws law NNS 34457 2386 38 applicable applicable JJ 34457 2386 39 to to IN 34457 2386 40 these these DT 34457 2386 41 . . . 34457 2387 1 These these DT 34457 2387 2 laws law NNS 34457 2387 3 , , , 34457 2387 4 however however RB 34457 2387 5 , , , 34457 2387 6 can can MD 34457 2387 7 no no RB 34457 2387 8 longer longer RB 34457 2387 9 be be VB 34457 2387 10 applied apply VBN 34457 2387 11 in in IN 34457 2387 12 the the DT 34457 2387 13 case case NN 34457 2387 14 of of IN 34457 2387 15 the the DT 34457 2387 16 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 2387 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2387 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 2387 19 formed form VBN 34457 2387 20 by by IN 34457 2387 21 the the DT 34457 2387 22 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 2387 23 together together RB 34457 2387 24 of of IN 34457 2387 25 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 2387 26 substances substance NNS 34457 2387 27 , , , 34457 2387 28 and and CC 34457 2387 29 known know VBN 34457 2387 30 as as IN 34457 2387 31 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 2387 32 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2387 33 . . . 34457 2388 1 Indeed indeed RB 34457 2388 2 , , , 34457 2388 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2388 4 has have VBZ 34457 2388 5 been be VBN 34457 2388 6 contended[264 contended[264 . 34457 2388 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2388 8 that that IN 34457 2388 9 these these DT 34457 2388 10 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 2388 11 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2388 12 should should MD 34457 2388 13 not not RB 34457 2388 14 be be VB 34457 2388 15 considered consider VBN 34457 2388 16 as as IN 34457 2388 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2388 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 2388 19 at at RB 34457 2388 20 all all RB 34457 2388 21 , , , 34457 2388 22 although although IN 34457 2388 23 no no DT 34457 2388 24 sharp sharp JJ 34457 2388 25 line line NN 34457 2388 26 of of IN 34457 2388 27 demarcation demarcation NN 34457 2388 28 can can MD 34457 2388 29 be be VB 34457 2388 30 drawn draw VBN 34457 2388 31 between between IN 34457 2388 32 the the DT 34457 2388 33 two two CD 34457 2388 34 classes class NNS 34457 2388 35 . . . 34457 2389 1 The the DT 34457 2389 2 differences difference NNS 34457 2389 3 , , , 34457 2389 4 however however RB 34457 2389 5 , , , 34457 2389 6 in in IN 34457 2389 7 the the DT 34457 2389 8 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2389 9 of of IN 34457 2389 10 the the DT 34457 2389 11 two two CD 34457 2389 12 groups group NNS 34457 2389 13 are be VBP 34457 2389 14 of of IN 34457 2389 15 a a DT 34457 2389 16 quantitative quantitative NN 34457 2389 17 rather rather RB 34457 2389 18 than than IN 34457 2389 19 a a DT 34457 2389 20 qualitative qualitative JJ 34457 2389 21 nature nature NN 34457 2389 22 ; ; : 34457 2389 23 and and CC 34457 2389 24 since since IN 34457 2389 25 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2389 26 are be VBP 34457 2389 27 concerned concern VBN 34457 2389 28 at at IN 34457 2389 29 present present JJ 34457 2389 30 only only RB 34457 2389 31 with with IN 34457 2389 32 the the DT 34457 2389 33 qualitative qualitative JJ 34457 2389 34 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2389 35 , , , 34457 2389 36 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2389 37 shall shall MD 34457 2389 38 make make VB 34457 2389 39 no no DT 34457 2389 40 distinction distinction NN 34457 2389 41 between between IN 34457 2389 42 the the DT 34457 2389 43 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 2389 44 solid solid JJ 34457 2389 45 solutions solution NNS 34457 2389 46 and and CC 34457 2389 47 the the DT 34457 2389 48 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 2389 49 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2389 50 , , , 34457 2389 51 but but CC 34457 2389 52 shall shall MD 34457 2389 53 study study VB 34457 2389 54 the the DT 34457 2389 55 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2389 56 of of IN 34457 2389 57 the the DT 34457 2389 58 two two CD 34457 2389 59 classes class NNS 34457 2389 60 under under IN 34457 2389 61 the the DT 34457 2389 62 head head NN 34457 2389 63 of of IN 34457 2389 64 " " `` 34457 2389 65 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2389 66 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2389 67 . . . 34457 2389 68 " " '' 34457 2390 1 Mixed mix VBN 34457 2390 2 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2390 3 can can MD 34457 2390 4 be be VB 34457 2390 5 formed form VBN 34457 2390 6 either either CC 34457 2390 7 by by IN 34457 2390 8 sublimation[265 sublimation[265 NN 34457 2390 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2390 10 or or CC 34457 2390 11 from from IN 34457 2390 12 a a DT 34457 2390 13 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2390 14 phase phase NN 34457 2390 15 ; ; : 34457 2390 16 and and CC 34457 2390 17 in in IN 34457 2390 18 the the DT 34457 2390 19 latter latter JJ 34457 2390 20 case case NN 34457 2390 21 the the DT 34457 2390 22 mixed mix VBN 34457 2390 23 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2390 24 can can MD 34457 2390 25 be be VB 34457 2390 26 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2390 27 either either CC 34457 2390 28 from from IN 34457 2390 29 solution solution NN 34457 2390 30 in in IN 34457 2390 31 a a DT 34457 2390 32 common common JJ 34457 2390 33 solvent solvent NN 34457 2390 34 or or CC 34457 2390 35 from from IN 34457 2390 36 a a DT 34457 2390 37 mixture mixture NN 34457 2390 38 of of IN 34457 2390 39 the the DT 34457 2390 40 fused fuse VBN 34457 2390 41 components component NNS 34457 2390 42 . . . 34457 2391 1 In in IN 34457 2391 2 this this DT 34457 2391 3 method method NN 34457 2391 4 of of IN 34457 2391 5 formation formation NN 34457 2391 6 , , , 34457 2391 7 which which WDT 34457 2391 8 alone alone RB 34457 2391 9 will will MD 34457 2391 10 be be VB 34457 2391 11 discussed discuss VBN 34457 2391 12 in in IN 34457 2391 13 the the DT 34457 2391 14 present present JJ 34457 2391 15 chapter chapter NN 34457 2391 16 , , , 34457 2391 17 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2391 18 are be VBP 34457 2391 19 dealing deal VBG 34457 2391 20 with with IN 34457 2391 21 the the DT 34457 2391 22 fusion fusion NN 34457 2391 23 curves curve NNS 34457 2391 24 of of IN 34457 2391 25 two two CD 34457 2391 26 substances substance NNS 34457 2391 27 , , , 34457 2391 28 where where WRB 34457 2391 29 , , , 34457 2391 30 however however RB 34457 2391 31 , , , 34457 2391 32 the the DT 34457 2391 33 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2391 34 solution solution NN 34457 2391 35 is be VBZ 34457 2391 36 in in IN 34457 2391 37 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2391 38 not not RB 34457 2391 39 with with IN 34457 2391 40 one one CD 34457 2391 41 of of IN 34457 2391 42 the the DT 34457 2391 43 pure pure JJ 34457 2391 44 components component NNS 34457 2391 45 , , , 34457 2391 46 but but CC 34457 2391 47 with with IN 34457 2391 48 a a DT 34457 2391 49 solid solid JJ 34457 2391 50 solution solution NN 34457 2391 51 or or CC 34457 2391 52 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2391 53 crystal crystal NN 34457 2391 54 . . . 34457 2392 1 The the DT 34457 2392 2 simple simple JJ 34457 2392 3 scheme scheme NN 34457 2392 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2392 5 Fig fig NN 34457 2392 6 . . . 34457 2393 1 29 29 CD 34457 2393 2 , , , 34457 2393 3 p. p. NN 34457 2393 4 117 117 CD 34457 2393 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2393 6 which which WDT 34457 2393 7 was be VBD 34457 2393 8 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2393 9 in in IN 34457 2393 10 the the DT 34457 2393 11 case case NN 34457 2393 12 of of IN 34457 2393 13 two two CD 34457 2393 14 components component NNS 34457 2393 15 which which WDT 34457 2393 16 crystallize crystallize VBP 34457 2393 17 out out RP 34457 2393 18 in in IN 34457 2393 19 the the DT 34457 2393 20 pure pure JJ 34457 2393 21 state state NN 34457 2393 22 , , , 34457 2393 23 is be VBZ 34457 2393 24 no no DT 34457 2393 25 longer long RBR 34457 2393 26 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 2393 27 in in IN 34457 2393 28 the the DT 34457 2393 29 case case NN 34457 2393 30 of of IN 34457 2393 31 the the DT 34457 2393 32 formation formation NN 34457 2393 33 of of IN 34457 2393 34 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2393 35 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2393 36 . . . 34457 2394 1 With with IN 34457 2394 2 the the DT 34457 2394 3 help help NN 34457 2394 4 of of IN 34457 2394 5 the the DT 34457 2394 6 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2394 7 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2394 8 , , , 34457 2394 9 however however RB 34457 2394 10 , , , 34457 2394 11 the the DT 34457 2394 12 different different JJ 34457 2394 13 possible possible JJ 34457 2394 14 systems system NNS 34457 2394 15 can can MD 34457 2394 16 be be VB 34457 2394 17 classified classify VBN 34457 2394 18 ; ; : 34457 2394 19 and and CC 34457 2394 20 examples example NNS 34457 2394 21 of of IN 34457 2394 22 the the DT 34457 2394 23 different different JJ 34457 2394 24 cases case NNS 34457 2394 25 predicted predict VBN 34457 2394 26 by by IN 34457 2394 27 the the DT 34457 2394 28 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2394 29 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2394 30 have have VBP 34457 2394 31 also also RB 34457 2394 32 been be VBN 34457 2394 33 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2394 34 by by IN 34457 2394 35 experiment experiment NN 34457 2394 36 . . . 34457 2395 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2395 2 182 182 CD 34457 2395 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2395 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2395 5 shall shall MD 34457 2395 6 now now RB 34457 2395 7 consider consider VB 34457 2395 8 briefly briefly RB 34457 2395 9 the the DT 34457 2395 10 formation formation NN 34457 2395 11 of of IN 34457 2395 12 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2395 13 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2395 14 by by IN 34457 2395 15 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 2395 16 substances substance NNS 34457 2395 17 ; ; : 34457 2395 18 the the DT 34457 2395 19 consideration consideration NN 34457 2395 20 of of IN 34457 2395 21 the the DT 34457 2395 22 formation formation NN 34457 2395 23 of of IN 34457 2395 24 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2395 25 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2395 26 of of IN 34457 2395 27 isodimorphous isodimorphous JJ 34457 2395 28 substances substance NNS 34457 2395 29 will will MD 34457 2395 30 , , , 34457 2395 31 on on IN 34457 2395 32 account account NN 34457 2395 33 of of IN 34457 2395 34 the the DT 34457 2395 35 complexity complexity NN 34457 2395 36 of of IN 34457 2395 37 the the DT 34457 2395 38 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2395 39 , , , 34457 2395 40 not not RB 34457 2395 41 be be VB 34457 2395 42 undertaken undertake VBN 34457 2395 43 here here RB 34457 2395 44 . . . 34457 2396 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2396 2 266 266 CD 34457 2396 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2396 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2396 5 Formation Formation NNP 34457 2396 6 of of IN 34457 2396 7 Mixed mixed JJ 34457 2396 8 Crystals crystal NNS 34457 2396 9 of of IN 34457 2396 10 Isomorphous Isomorphous NNP 34457 2396 11 Substances Substances NNP 34457 2396 12 . . . 34457 2396 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2396 14 For for IN 34457 2396 15 the the DT 34457 2396 16 purpose purpose NN 34457 2396 17 of of IN 34457 2396 18 representing represent VBG 34457 2396 19 the the DT 34457 2396 20 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2396 21 found find VBN 34457 2396 22 here here RB 34457 2396 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2396 24 shall shall MD 34457 2396 25 employ employ VB 34457 2396 26 a a DT 34457 2396 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 2396 28 - - HYPH 34457 2396 29 concentration concentration NN 34457 2396 30 diagram,[267 diagram,[267 NN 34457 2396 31 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2396 32 in in IN 34457 2396 33 which which WDT 34457 2396 34 the the DT 34457 2396 35 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 2396 36 represent represent VBP 34457 2396 37 the the DT 34457 2396 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 2396 39 and and CC 34457 2396 40 the the DT 34457 2396 41 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 2396 42 ¦ ¦ VBP 34457 2396 43 the the DT 34457 2396 44 concentration concentration NN 34457 2396 45 of of IN 34457 2396 46 the the DT 34457 2396 47 components component NNS 34457 2396 48 . . . 34457 2397 1 Since since IN 34457 2397 2 there there EX 34457 2397 3 are be VBP 34457 2397 4 two two CD 34457 2397 5 solutions solution NNS 34457 2397 6 , , , 34457 2397 7 the the DT 34457 2397 8 liquid liquid NN 34457 2397 9 and and CC 34457 2397 10 the the DT 34457 2397 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2397 12 , , , 34457 2397 13 and and CC 34457 2397 14 since since IN 34457 2397 15 the the DT 34457 2397 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 2397 17 of of IN 34457 2397 18 the the DT 34457 2397 19 components component NNS 34457 2397 20 in in IN 34457 2397 21 these these DT 34457 2397 22 two two CD 34457 2397 23 phases phase NNS 34457 2397 24 is be VBZ 34457 2397 25 not not RB 34457 2397 26 , , , 34457 2397 27 in in IN 34457 2397 28 general general JJ 34457 2397 29 , , , 34457 2397 30 the the DT 34457 2397 31 same same JJ 34457 2397 32 , , , 34457 2397 33 two two CD 34457 2397 34 curves curve NNS 34457 2397 35 will will MD 34457 2397 36 be be VB 34457 2397 37 required require VBN 34457 2397 38 for for IN 34457 2397 39 each each DT 34457 2397 40 system system NN 34457 2397 41 , , , 34457 2397 42 one one CD 34457 2397 43 relating relate VBG 34457 2397 44 to to IN 34457 2397 45 the the DT 34457 2397 46 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2397 47 phase phase NN 34457 2397 48 , , , 34457 2397 49 the the DT 34457 2397 50 other other JJ 34457 2397 51 relating relate VBG 34457 2397 52 to to IN 34457 2397 53 the the DT 34457 2397 54 solid solid JJ 34457 2397 55 . . . 34457 2398 1 The the DT 34457 2398 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2398 3 at at IN 34457 2398 4 which which WDT 34457 2398 5 solid solid JJ 34457 2398 6 begins begin VBZ 34457 2398 7 to to TO 34457 2398 8 be be VB 34457 2398 9 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2398 10 from from IN 34457 2398 11 the the DT 34457 2398 12 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2398 13 solution solution NN 34457 2398 14 will will MD 34457 2398 15 be be VB 34457 2398 16 called call VBN 34457 2398 17 the the DT 34457 2398 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2398 19 freezing freezing NN 34457 2398 20 point point NN 34457 2398 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2398 22 of of IN 34457 2398 23 the the DT 34457 2398 24 mixture mixture NN 34457 2398 25 , , , 34457 2398 26 and and CC 34457 2398 27 the the DT 34457 2398 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 2398 29 at at IN 34457 2398 30 which which WDT 34457 2398 31 the the DT 34457 2398 32 solid solid JJ 34457 2398 33 solution solution NN 34457 2398 34 just just RB 34457 2398 35 begins begin VBZ 34457 2398 36 to to TO 34457 2398 37 liquefy liquefy VB 34457 2398 38 will will MD 34457 2398 39 be be VB 34457 2398 40 called call VBN 34457 2398 41 the the DT 34457 2398 42 _ _ NNP 34457 2398 43 melting melting NN 34457 2398 44 point point NN 34457 2398 45 _ _ NNP 34457 2398 46 of of IN 34457 2398 47 the the DT 34457 2398 48 solid solid JJ 34457 2398 49 solution solution NN 34457 2398 50 . . . 34457 2399 1 The the DT 34457 2399 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2399 3 - - HYPH 34457 2399 4 concentration concentration NN 34457 2399 5 curve curve NN 34457 2399 6 for for IN 34457 2399 7 the the DT 34457 2399 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2399 9 phase phase NN 34457 2399 10 will will MD 34457 2399 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 2399 12 be be VB 34457 2399 13 the the DT 34457 2399 14 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2399 15 - - HYPH 34457 2399 16 point point NN 34457 2399 17 curve curve NN 34457 2399 18 ; ; : 34457 2399 19 that that IN 34457 2399 20 for for IN 34457 2399 21 the the DT 34457 2399 22 solid solid JJ 34457 2399 23 solution solution NN 34457 2399 24 , , , 34457 2399 25 the the DT 34457 2399 26 melting melt VBG 34457 2399 27 - - HYPH 34457 2399 28 point point NN 34457 2399 29 curve curve NN 34457 2399 30 . . . 34457 2400 1 The the DT 34457 2400 2 latter latter NN 34457 2400 3 will will MD 34457 2400 4 be be VB 34457 2400 5 represented represent VBN 34457 2400 6 by by IN 34457 2400 7 a a DT 34457 2400 8 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2400 9 line line NN 34457 2400 10 . . . 34457 2401 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2401 2 268 268 CD 34457 2401 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2401 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2401 5 183 183 CD 34457 2401 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2401 7 I.--THE i.--the NN 34457 2401 8 TWO two CD 34457 2401 9 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 2401 10 CAN CAN MD 34457 2401 11 FORM form VB 34457 2401 12 AN an DT 34457 2401 13 UNBROKEN UNBROKEN NNP 34457 2401 14 SERIES serie NNS 34457 2401 15 OF of IN 34457 2401 16 MIXED mixed NN 34457 2401 17 CRYSTALS crystal NNS 34457 2401 18 . . . 34457 2402 1 Since since IN 34457 2402 2 , , , 34457 2402 3 as as IN 34457 2402 4 has have VBZ 34457 2402 5 already already RB 34457 2402 6 been be VBN 34457 2402 7 pointed point VBN 34457 2402 8 out out RP 34457 2402 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2402 10 p. p. NN 34457 2402 11 176 176 CD 34457 2402 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2402 13 , , , 34457 2402 14 a a DT 34457 2402 15 mixed mix VBN 34457 2402 16 crystal crystal NN 34457 2402 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2402 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2402 19 solution solution NN 34457 2402 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2402 21 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 2402 22 only only RB 34457 2402 23 one one CD 34457 2402 24 phase phase NN 34457 2402 25 , , , 34457 2402 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2402 27 is be VBZ 34457 2402 28 evident evident JJ 34457 2402 29 that that IN 34457 2402 30 if if IN 34457 2402 31 the the DT 34457 2402 32 two two CD 34457 2402 33 components component NNS 34457 2402 34 are be VBP 34457 2402 35 miscible miscible JJ 34457 2402 36 with with IN 34457 2402 37 one one CD 34457 2402 38 another another DT 34457 2402 39 in in IN 34457 2402 40 all all DT 34457 2402 41 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2402 42 in in IN 34457 2402 43 the the DT 34457 2402 44 solid solid JJ 34457 2402 45 state state NN 34457 2402 46 , , , 34457 2402 47 there there EX 34457 2402 48 can can MD 34457 2402 49 never never RB 34457 2402 50 be be VB 34457 2402 51 more more JJR 34457 2402 52 than than IN 34457 2402 53 one one CD 34457 2402 54 solid solid JJ 34457 2402 55 phase phase NN 34457 2402 56 present present JJ 34457 2402 57 , , , 34457 2402 58 viz viz NN 34457 2402 59 . . . 34457 2403 1 the the DT 34457 2403 2 solid solid JJ 34457 2403 3 solution solution NN 34457 2403 4 or or CC 34457 2403 5 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2403 6 crystal crystal NN 34457 2403 7 . . . 34457 2404 1 If if IN 34457 2404 2 the the DT 34457 2404 3 components component NNS 34457 2404 4 are be VBP 34457 2404 5 completely completely RB 34457 2404 6 miscible miscible JJ 34457 2404 7 in in IN 34457 2404 8 the the DT 34457 2404 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2404 10 state state NN 34457 2404 11 , , , 34457 2404 12 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2404 13 will will MD 34457 2404 14 also also RB 34457 2404 15 be be VB 34457 2404 16 completely completely RB 34457 2404 17 miscible miscible JJ 34457 2404 18 in in IN 34457 2404 19 the the DT 34457 2404 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2404 21 state state NN 34457 2404 22 , , , 34457 2404 23 and and CC 34457 2404 24 there there EX 34457 2404 25 can can MD 34457 2404 26 therefore therefore RB 34457 2404 27 be be VB 34457 2404 28 only only RB 34457 2404 29 one one CD 34457 2404 30 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2404 31 phase phase NN 34457 2404 32 . . . 34457 2405 1 The the DT 34457 2405 2 system system NN 34457 2405 3 can can MD 34457 2405 4 at at IN 34457 2405 5 no no DT 34457 2405 6 point point NN 34457 2405 7 become become VBP 34457 2405 8 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2405 9 , , , 34457 2405 10 because because IN 34457 2405 11 there there EX 34457 2405 12 can can MD 34457 2405 13 never never RB 34457 2405 14 be be VB 34457 2405 15 more more JJR 34457 2405 16 than than IN 34457 2405 17 three three CD 34457 2405 18 phases phase NNS 34457 2405 19 present present JJ 34457 2405 20 . . . 34457 2406 1 When when WRB 34457 2406 2 , , , 34457 2406 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2406 4 , , , 34457 2406 5 the the DT 34457 2406 6 two two CD 34457 2406 7 components component NNS 34457 2406 8 form form VBP 34457 2406 9 a a DT 34457 2406 10 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2406 11 series series NN 34457 2406 12 of of IN 34457 2406 13 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2406 14 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2406 15 , , , 34457 2406 16 the the DT 34457 2406 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2406 18 curve curve NN 34457 2406 19 must must MD 34457 2406 20 also also RB 34457 2406 21 be be VB 34457 2406 22 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2406 23 . . . 34457 2407 1 Of of IN 34457 2407 2 these these DT 34457 2407 3 systems system NNS 34457 2407 4 three three CD 34457 2407 5 types type NNS 34457 2407 6 are be VBP 34457 2407 7 found find VBN 34457 2407 8 . . . 34457 2408 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2408 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2408 3 : : : 34457 2408 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2408 5 . . . 34457 2409 1 49 49 CD 34457 2409 2 . . . 34457 2409 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2410 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2410 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2410 3 a a DT 34457 2410 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2410 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2410 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2410 7 The the DT 34457 2410 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2410 9 points point NNS 34457 2410 10 of of IN 34457 2410 11 all all DT 34457 2410 12 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2410 13 lie lie VBP 34457 2410 14 between between IN 34457 2410 15 the the DT 34457 2410 16 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2410 17 points point NNS 34457 2410 18 of of IN 34457 2410 19 the the DT 34457 2410 20 pure pure JJ 34457 2410 21 components component NNS 34457 2410 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2410 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2410 24 Curve Curve NNP 34457 2410 25 I. I. NNP 34457 2410 26 , , , 34457 2410 27 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2410 28 . . . 34457 2411 1 49 49 CD 34457 2411 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2411 3 . . . 34457 2412 1 Examples.--This examples.--this DT 34457 2412 2 type type NN 34457 2412 3 of of IN 34457 2412 4 curve curve NN 34457 2412 5 is be VBZ 34457 2412 6 represented represent VBN 34457 2412 7 by by IN 34457 2412 8 the the DT 34457 2412 9 mixed mix VBN 34457 2412 10 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2412 11 of of IN 34457 2412 12 naphthalene naphthalene NN 34457 2412 13 and and CC 34457 2412 14 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2412 15 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 2412 16 . . . 34457 2413 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2413 2 269 269 CD 34457 2413 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2413 4 The the DT 34457 2413 5 addition addition NN 34457 2413 6 of of IN 34457 2413 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2413 8 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 2413 9 to to IN 34457 2413 10 naphthalene naphthalene NNP 34457 2413 11 raises raise VBZ 34457 2413 12 the the DT 34457 2413 13 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2413 14 point point NN 34457 2413 15 of of IN 34457 2413 16 the the DT 34457 2413 17 latter latter JJ 34457 2413 18 , , , 34457 2413 19 and and CC 34457 2413 20 the the DT 34457 2413 21 rise rise NN 34457 2413 22 is be VBZ 34457 2413 23 directly directly RB 34457 2413 24 proportional proportional JJ 34457 2413 25 to to IN 34457 2413 26 the the DT 34457 2413 27 amount amount NN 34457 2413 28 of of IN 34457 2413 29 naphthol naphthol NNP 34457 2413 30 added add VBD 34457 2413 31 . . . 34457 2414 1 The the DT 34457 2414 2 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2414 3 point point NN 34457 2414 4 curve curve NN 34457 2414 5 is be VBZ 34457 2414 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2414 7 a a DT 34457 2414 8 straight straight JJ 34457 2414 9 line line NN 34457 2414 10 joining join VBG 34457 2414 11 the the DT 34457 2414 12 melting melt VBG 34457 2414 13 points point NNS 34457 2414 14 of of IN 34457 2414 15 the the DT 34457 2414 16 two two CD 34457 2414 17 components component NNS 34457 2414 18 . . . 34457 2415 1 This this DT 34457 2415 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2415 3 , , , 34457 2415 4 however however RB 34457 2415 5 , , , 34457 2415 6 is be VBZ 34457 2415 7 rather rather RB 34457 2415 8 exceptional exceptional JJ 34457 2415 9 , , , 34457 2415 10 the the DT 34457 2415 11 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2415 12 - - HYPH 34457 2415 13 point point NN 34457 2415 14 curve curve NN 34457 2415 15 lying lie VBG 34457 2415 16 generally generally RB 34457 2415 17 above above RB 34457 2415 18 , , , 34457 2415 19 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 2415 20 also also RB 34457 2415 21 below below RB 34457 2415 22 , , , 34457 2415 23 the the DT 34457 2415 24 straight straight JJ 34457 2415 25 line line NN 34457 2415 26 joining join VBG 34457 2415 27 the the DT 34457 2415 28 melting melt VBG 34457 2415 29 points point NNS 34457 2415 30 of of IN 34457 2415 31 the the DT 34457 2415 32 pure pure JJ 34457 2415 33 components component NNS 34457 2415 34 . . . 34457 2416 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2416 2 the the DT 34457 2416 3 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2416 4 - - HYPH 34457 2416 5 point point NN 34457 2416 6 curve curve NN 34457 2416 7 of of IN 34457 2416 8 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2416 9 of of IN 34457 2416 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2416 11 alpha]-monochlorocinnamic alpha]-monochlorocinnamic CD 34457 2416 12 aldehyde aldehyde NNP 34457 2416 13 and and CC 34457 2416 14 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2416 15 alpha]-monobromocinnamic alpha]-monobromocinnamic JJ 34457 2416 16 aldehyde[270 aldehyde[270 NNP 34457 2416 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2416 18 lies lie NNS 34457 2416 19 above above IN 34457 2416 20 the the DT 34457 2416 21 { { -LRB- 34457 2416 22 184 184 CD 34457 2416 23 } } -RRB- 34457 2416 24 straight straight JJ 34457 2416 25 line line NN 34457 2416 26 joining join VBG 34457 2416 27 the the DT 34457 2416 28 melting melt VBG 34457 2416 29 points point NNS 34457 2416 30 of of IN 34457 2416 31 the the DT 34457 2416 32 pure pure JJ 34457 2416 33 components component NNS 34457 2416 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2416 35 31.22 31.22â CD 34457 2416 36 ° ° NNS 34457 2416 37 and and CC 34457 2416 38 69.56 69.56â CD 34457 2416 39 ° ° NNS 34457 2416 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2416 41 , , , 34457 2416 42 as as IN 34457 2416 43 is be VBZ 34457 2416 44 evident evident JJ 34457 2416 45 from from IN 34457 2416 46 the the DT 34457 2416 47 following follow VBG 34457 2416 48 table:-- table:-- ADD 34457 2416 49 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2416 50 Molecules molecule NNS 34457 2416 51 of of IN 34457 2416 52 bromo- bromo- JJ 34457 2416 53 | | JJ 34457 2416 54 | | NNP 34457 2416 55 cinnamic cinnamic NN 34457 2416 56 aldehyde aldehyde NN 34457 2416 57 in in IN 34457 2416 58 | | NNP 34457 2416 59 Freezing Freezing NNP 34457 2416 60 point point NN 34457 2416 61 . . . 34457 2417 1 | | NNP 34457 2417 2 Deviation deviation NN 34457 2417 3 from from IN 34457 2417 4 straight straight RB 34457 2417 5 100 100 CD 34457 2417 6 mols mol NNS 34457 2417 7 . . . 34457 2418 1 of of IN 34457 2418 2 mixture mixture NN 34457 2418 3 . . . 34457 2419 1 | | JJ 34457 2419 2 | | CD 34457 2419 3 line line NN 34457 2419 4 . . . 34457 2420 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2420 2 0.00 0.00 CD 34457 2420 3 | | CD 34457 2420 4 31.22 31.22â CD 34457 2420 5 ° ° , 34457 2420 6 | | CD 34457 2420 7 -- -- : 34457 2420 8 10.48 10.48 CD 34457 2420 9 | | CD 34457 2420 10 37.28 37.28â CD 34457 2420 11 ° ° , 34457 2420 12 | | NNP 34457 2420 13 2.04 2.04 NNS 34457 2420 14 ° ° , 34457 2420 15 21.91 21.91 CD 34457 2420 16 | | CD 34457 2420 17 43.12 43.12â CD 34457 2420 18 ° ° , 34457 2420 19 | | CD 34457 2420 20 3.50 3.50â CD 34457 2420 21 ° ° , 34457 2420 22 30.07 30.07 CD 34457 2420 23 | | CD 34457 2420 24 46.80 46.80â CD 34457 2420 25 ° ° , 34457 2420 26 | | NNP 34457 2420 27 4.05 4.05â CD 34457 2420 28 ° ° , 34457 2420 29 45.04 45.04 CD 34457 2420 30 | | CD 34457 2420 31 52.94 52.94â CD 34457 2420 32 ° ° , 34457 2420 33 | | NNP 34457 2420 34 4.45 4.45â CD 34457 2420 35 ° ° , 34457 2420 36 62.16 62.16 CD 34457 2420 37 | | CD 34457 2420 38 58.82 58.82â CD 34457 2420 39 ° ° , 34457 2420 40 | | NNP 34457 2420 41 3.77 3.77â CD 34457 2420 42 ° ° , 34457 2420 43 82.98 82.98 CD 34457 2420 44 | | CD 34457 2420 45 65.07 65.07â CD 34457 2420 46 ° ° , 34457 2420 47 | | NNP 34457 2420 48 2.03 2.03â CD 34457 2420 49 ° ° , 34457 2420 50 93.50 93.50 CD 34457 2420 51 | | CD 34457 2420 52 67.91 67.91â CD 34457 2420 53 ° ° , 34457 2420 54 | | NNP 34457 2420 55 0.84 0.84â NN 34457 2420 56 ° ° , 34457 2420 57 100.00 100.00 CD 34457 2420 58 | | CD 34457 2420 59 69.56 69.56â CD 34457 2420 60 ° ° , 34457 2420 61 | | CD 34457 2420 62 -- -- : 34457 2420 63 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2420 64 Melting melt VBG 34457 2420 65 - - HYPH 34457 2420 66 point point NN 34457 2420 67 Curve.--This Curve.--This , 34457 2420 68 curve curve NN 34457 2420 69 , , , 34457 2420 70 like like IN 34457 2420 71 the the DT 34457 2420 72 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2420 73 - - HYPH 34457 2420 74 point point NN 34457 2420 75 curve curve NN 34457 2420 76 , , , 34457 2420 77 must must MD 34457 2420 78 also also RB 34457 2420 79 be be VB 34457 2420 80 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2420 81 , , , 34457 2420 82 and and CC 34457 2420 83 the the DT 34457 2420 84 melting melt VBG 34457 2420 85 points point NNS 34457 2420 86 of of IN 34457 2420 87 the the DT 34457 2420 88 different different JJ 34457 2420 89 solid solid JJ 34457 2420 90 solutions solution NNS 34457 2420 91 will will MD 34457 2420 92 lie lie VB 34457 2420 93 between between IN 34457 2420 94 the the DT 34457 2420 95 melting melt VBG 34457 2420 96 points point NNS 34457 2420 97 of of IN 34457 2420 98 the the DT 34457 2420 99 pure pure JJ 34457 2420 100 components component NNS 34457 2420 101 . . . 34457 2421 1 This this DT 34457 2421 2 is be VBZ 34457 2421 3 represented represent VBN 34457 2421 4 by by IN 34457 2421 5 the the DT 34457 2421 6 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2421 7 line line NN 34457 2421 8 in in IN 34457 2421 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2421 10 . . . 34457 2422 1 49 49 CD 34457 2422 2 , , , 34457 2422 3 I. I. NNP 34457 2423 1 The the DT 34457 2423 2 relative relative JJ 34457 2423 3 position position NN 34457 2423 4 of of IN 34457 2423 5 the the DT 34457 2423 6 two two CD 34457 2423 7 curves curve NNS 34457 2423 8 , , , 34457 2423 9 which which WDT 34457 2423 10 can can MD 34457 2423 11 be be VB 34457 2423 12 deduced deduce VBN 34457 2423 13 with with IN 34457 2423 14 the the DT 34457 2423 15 help help NN 34457 2423 16 of of IN 34457 2423 17 thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS 34457 2423 18 and and CC 34457 2423 19 also also RB 34457 2423 20 by by IN 34457 2423 21 experimental experimental JJ 34457 2423 22 determination determination NN 34457 2423 23 , , , 34457 2423 24 is be VBZ 34457 2423 25 found find VBN 34457 2423 26 in in IN 34457 2423 27 all all DT 34457 2423 28 cases case NNS 34457 2423 29 to to TO 34457 2423 30 be be VB 34457 2423 31 in in IN 34457 2423 32 accordance accordance NN 34457 2423 33 with with IN 34457 2423 34 the the DT 34457 2423 35 following following JJ 34457 2423 36 rule rule NN 34457 2423 37 : : : 34457 2423 38 At at IN 34457 2423 39 any any DT 34457 2423 40 given give VBN 34457 2423 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 2423 42 , , , 34457 2423 43 _ _ NNP 34457 2423 44 the the DT 34457 2423 45 concentration concentration NN 34457 2423 46 of of IN 34457 2423 47 that that DT 34457 2423 48 component component NN 34457 2423 49 by by IN 34457 2423 50 the the DT 34457 2423 51 addition addition NN 34457 2423 52 of of IN 34457 2423 53 which which WDT 34457 2423 54 the the DT 34457 2423 55 freezing freezing NN 34457 2423 56 point point NN 34457 2423 57 is be VBZ 34457 2423 58 depressed depressed JJ 34457 2423 59 , , , 34457 2423 60 is be VBZ 34457 2423 61 greater great JJR 34457 2423 62 in in IN 34457 2423 63 the the DT 34457 2423 64 liquid liquid NN 34457 2423 65 than than IN 34457 2423 66 in in IN 34457 2423 67 the the DT 34457 2423 68 solid solid JJ 34457 2423 69 phase phase NN 34457 2423 70 _ _ NN 34457 2423 71 ; ; : 34457 2423 72 or or CC 34457 2423 73 , , , 34457 2423 74 conversely conversely RB 34457 2423 75 , , , 34457 2423 76 _ _ NNP 34457 2423 77 the the DT 34457 2423 78 concentration concentration NN 34457 2423 79 of of IN 34457 2423 80 that that DT 34457 2423 81 component component NN 34457 2423 82 by by IN 34457 2423 83 the the DT 34457 2423 84 addition addition NN 34457 2423 85 of of IN 34457 2423 86 which which WDT 34457 2423 87 the the DT 34457 2423 88 freezing freezing NN 34457 2423 89 point point NN 34457 2423 90 is be VBZ 34457 2423 91 raised raise VBN 34457 2423 92 , , , 34457 2423 93 is be VBZ 34457 2423 94 greater great JJR 34457 2423 95 in in IN 34457 2423 96 the the DT 34457 2423 97 solid solid JJ 34457 2423 98 than than IN 34457 2423 99 in in IN 34457 2423 100 the the DT 34457 2423 101 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2423 102 phase phase NN 34457 2423 103 _ _ NNP 34457 2423 104 . . . 34457 2424 1 An an DT 34457 2424 2 illustration illustration NN 34457 2424 3 of of IN 34457 2424 4 this this DT 34457 2424 5 rule rule NN 34457 2424 6 is be VBZ 34457 2424 7 afforded afford VBN 34457 2424 8 by by IN 34457 2424 9 the the DT 34457 2424 10 two two CD 34457 2424 11 substances substance NNS 34457 2424 12 chloro- chloro- JJ 34457 2424 13 and and CC 34457 2424 14 bromo bromo JJ 34457 2424 15 - - HYPH 34457 2424 16 cinnamic cinnamic NN 34457 2424 17 aldehyde aldehyde NN 34457 2424 18 already already RB 34457 2424 19 mentioned mention VBN 34457 2424 20 . . . 34457 2425 1 As as IN 34457 2425 2 can can MD 34457 2425 3 be be VB 34457 2425 4 seen see VBN 34457 2425 5 from from IN 34457 2425 6 the the DT 34457 2425 7 above above JJ 34457 2425 8 table table NN 34457 2425 9 , , , 34457 2425 10 the the DT 34457 2425 11 addition addition NN 34457 2425 12 of of IN 34457 2425 13 chlorocinnamic chlorocinnamic JJ 34457 2425 14 aldehyde aldehyde NNP 34457 2425 15 lowers lower VBZ 34457 2425 16 the the DT 34457 2425 17 melting melting NN 34457 2425 18 point point NN 34457 2425 19 of of IN 34457 2425 20 the the DT 34457 2425 21 bromo bromo JJ 34457 2425 22 - - HYPH 34457 2425 23 compound compound NNP 34457 2425 24 . . . 34457 2426 1 In in IN 34457 2426 2 accordance accordance NN 34457 2426 3 with with IN 34457 2426 4 the the DT 34457 2426 5 rule rule NN 34457 2426 6 , , , 34457 2426 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 2426 8 , , , 34457 2426 9 the the DT 34457 2426 10 concentration concentration NN 34457 2426 11 of of IN 34457 2426 12 the the DT 34457 2426 13 chloro chloro NN 34457 2426 14 - - HYPH 34457 2426 15 compound compound NN 34457 2426 16 in in IN 34457 2426 17 the the DT 34457 2426 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2426 19 phase phase NN 34457 2426 20 must must MD 34457 2426 21 be be VB 34457 2426 22 greater great JJR 34457 2426 23 than than IN 34457 2426 24 in in IN 34457 2426 25 the the DT 34457 2426 26 solid solid JJ 34457 2426 27 phase phase NN 34457 2426 28 ; ; : 34457 2426 29 and and CC 34457 2426 30 this this DT 34457 2426 31 was be VBD 34457 2426 32 found find VBN 34457 2426 33 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 2426 34 . . . 34457 2427 1 At at IN 34457 2427 2 a a DT 34457 2427 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2427 4 of of IN 34457 2427 5 49.44 49.44â CD 34457 2427 6 ° ° NNS 34457 2427 7 , , , 34457 2427 8 the the DT 34457 2427 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 2427 10 contained contain VBD 34457 2427 11 58.52 58.52 CD 34457 2427 12 per per IN 34457 2427 13 cent cent NN 34457 2427 14 . . . 34457 2427 15 , , , 34457 2427 16 the the DT 34457 2427 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2427 18 only only RB 34457 2427 19 52.57 52.57 CD 34457 2427 20 per per IN 34457 2427 21 cent cent NN 34457 2427 22 . . . 34457 2428 1 of of IN 34457 2428 2 the the DT 34457 2428 3 chlorocinnamic chlorocinnamic JJ 34457 2428 4 aldehyde aldehyde NN 34457 2428 5 . . . 34457 2429 1 From from IN 34457 2429 2 this this DT 34457 2429 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2429 4 will will MD 34457 2429 5 also also RB 34457 2429 6 be be VB 34457 2429 7 clear clear JJ 34457 2429 8 that that IN 34457 2429 9 on on IN 34457 2429 10 cooling cool VBG 34457 2429 11 a a DT 34457 2429 12 fused fuse VBN 34457 2429 13 mixture mixture NN 34457 2429 14 of of IN 34457 2429 15 two two CD 34457 2429 16 substances substance NNS 34457 2429 17 capable capable JJ 34457 2429 18 of of IN 34457 2429 19 forming form VBG 34457 2429 20 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2429 21 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2429 22 , , , 34457 2429 23 { { -LRB- 34457 2429 24 185 185 CD 34457 2429 25 } } -RRB- 34457 2429 26 the the DT 34457 2429 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 2429 28 of of IN 34457 2429 29 solidification solidification NN 34457 2429 30 will will MD 34457 2429 31 not not RB 34457 2429 32 remain remain VB 34457 2429 33 constant constant JJ 34457 2429 34 during during IN 34457 2429 35 the the DT 34457 2429 36 separation separation NN 34457 2429 37 of of IN 34457 2429 38 the the DT 34457 2429 39 solid solid JJ 34457 2429 40 ; ; : 34457 2429 41 nor nor CC 34457 2429 42 , , , 34457 2429 43 on on IN 34457 2429 44 the the DT 34457 2429 45 other other JJ 34457 2429 46 hand hand NN 34457 2429 47 , , , 34457 2429 48 will will MD 34457 2429 49 the the DT 34457 2429 50 temperature temperature NN 34457 2429 51 of of IN 34457 2429 52 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2429 53 of of IN 34457 2429 54 the the DT 34457 2429 55 solid solid JJ 34457 2429 56 solution solution NN 34457 2429 57 be be VB 34457 2429 58 constant constant JJ 34457 2429 59 . . . 34457 2430 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2430 2 , , , 34457 2430 3 for for IN 34457 2430 4 example example NN 34457 2430 5 , , , 34457 2430 6 if if IN 34457 2430 7 a a DT 34457 2430 8 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2430 9 solution solution NN 34457 2430 10 of of IN 34457 2430 11 two two CD 34457 2430 12 components component NNS 34457 2430 13 , , , 34457 2430 14 A a NN 34457 2430 15 and and CC 34457 2430 16 B b NN 34457 2430 17 , , , 34457 2430 18 having have VBG 34457 2430 19 the the DT 34457 2430 20 composition composition NN 34457 2430 21 represented represent VBN 34457 2430 22 by by IN 34457 2430 23 the the DT 34457 2430 24 point point NN 34457 2430 25 _ _ NNP 34457 2430 26 x x SYM 34457 2430 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2430 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2430 29 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2430 30 . . . 34457 2431 1 50 50 CD 34457 2431 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2431 3 , , , 34457 2431 4 is be VBZ 34457 2431 5 allowed allow VBN 34457 2431 6 to to TO 34457 2431 7 cool cool VB 34457 2431 8 , , , 34457 2431 9 the the DT 34457 2431 10 system system NN 34457 2431 11 will will MD 34457 2431 12 pass pass VB 34457 2431 13 along along RP 34457 2431 14 the the DT 34457 2431 15 line line NN 34457 2431 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2431 17 xx xx IN 34457 2431 18 ' ' '' 34457 2431 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2431 20 . . . 34457 2432 1 At at IN 34457 2432 2 the the DT 34457 2432 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2432 4 of of IN 34457 2432 5 the the DT 34457 2432 6 point point NN 34457 2432 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2432 8 a a DT 34457 2432 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2432 10 , , , 34457 2432 11 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2432 12 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2432 13 will will MD 34457 2432 14 be be VB 34457 2432 15 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2432 16 , , , 34457 2432 17 the the DT 34457 2432 18 composition composition NN 34457 2432 19 of of IN 34457 2432 20 which which WDT 34457 2432 21 will will MD 34457 2432 22 be be VB 34457 2432 23 that that IN 34457 2432 24 represented represent VBN 34457 2432 25 by by IN 34457 2432 26 b. b. NNP 34457 2433 1 As as IN 34457 2433 2 the the DT 34457 2433 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2433 4 continues continue VBZ 34457 2433 5 to to TO 34457 2433 6 fall fall VB 34457 2433 7 , , , 34457 2433 8 more more JJR 34457 2433 9 and and CC 34457 2433 10 more more RBR 34457 2433 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2433 12 will will MD 34457 2433 13 be be VB 34457 2433 14 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2433 15 ; ; : 34457 2433 16 and and CC 34457 2433 17 since since IN 34457 2433 18 the the DT 34457 2433 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2433 20 phase phase NN 34457 2433 21 is be VBZ 34457 2433 22 relatively relatively RB 34457 2433 23 rich rich JJ 34457 2433 24 in in IN 34457 2433 25 the the DT 34457 2433 26 component component NN 34457 2433 27 B b NN 34457 2433 28 , , , 34457 2433 29 the the DT 34457 2433 30 liquid liquid NN 34457 2433 31 will will MD 34457 2433 32 become become VB 34457 2433 33 relatively relatively RB 34457 2433 34 poorer poor JJR 34457 2433 35 in in IN 34457 2433 36 this this DT 34457 2433 37 . . . 34457 2434 1 The the DT 34457 2434 2 composition composition NN 34457 2434 3 of of IN 34457 2434 4 the the DT 34457 2434 5 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2434 6 solution solution NN 34457 2434 7 will will MD 34457 2434 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2434 9 pass pass VB 34457 2434 10 along along RP 34457 2434 11 the the DT 34457 2434 12 curve curve NN 34457 2434 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2434 14 ad ad NN 34457 2434 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2434 16 , , , 34457 2434 17 the the DT 34457 2434 18 composition composition NN 34457 2434 19 of of IN 34457 2434 20 the the DT 34457 2434 21 solid solid JJ 34457 2434 22 solution solution NN 34457 2434 23 at at IN 34457 2434 24 the the DT 34457 2434 25 same same JJ 34457 2434 26 time time NN 34457 2434 27 passing pass VBG 34457 2434 28 along along IN 34457 2434 29 the the DT 34457 2434 30 curve curve NN 34457 2434 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2434 32 bc bc NNP 34457 2434 33 _ _ NNP 34457 2434 34 ; ; : 34457 2434 35 at at IN 34457 2434 36 the the DT 34457 2434 37 point point NN 34457 2434 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2434 39 c c NNP 34457 2434 40 _ _ NNP 34457 2434 41 the the DT 34457 2434 42 liquid liquid NN 34457 2434 43 will will MD 34457 2434 44 solidify solidify VB 34457 2434 45 completely completely RB 34457 2434 46 . . . 34457 2435 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2435 2 271 271 CD 34457 2435 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2435 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2435 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2435 6 : : : 34457 2435 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2435 8 . . . 34457 2436 1 50 50 CD 34457 2436 2 . . . 34457 2436 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2437 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 2437 2 , , , 34457 2437 3 if if IN 34457 2437 4 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2437 5 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2437 6 of of IN 34457 2437 7 the the DT 34457 2437 8 composition composition NN 34457 2437 9 and and CC 34457 2437 10 at at IN 34457 2437 11 the the DT 34457 2437 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 2437 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 14 x x SYM 34457 2437 15 ' ' '' 34457 2437 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 17 are be VBP 34457 2437 18 heated heated JJ 34457 2437 19 , , , 34457 2437 20 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2437 21 will will MD 34457 2437 22 begin begin VB 34457 2437 23 at at IN 34457 2437 24 the the DT 34457 2437 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 2437 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 27 c c NNP 34457 2437 28 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 29 , , , 34457 2437 30 yielding yield VBG 34457 2437 31 a a DT 34457 2437 32 liquid liquid NN 34457 2437 33 of of IN 34457 2437 34 the the DT 34457 2437 35 composition composition NN 34457 2437 36 d. d. NN 34457 2437 37 On on IN 34457 2437 38 continuing continue VBG 34457 2437 39 to to TO 34457 2437 40 add add VB 34457 2437 41 heat heat NN 34457 2437 42 , , , 34457 2437 43 the the DT 34457 2437 44 temperature temperature NN 34457 2437 45 of of IN 34457 2437 46 the the DT 34457 2437 47 mass mass NN 34457 2437 48 will will MD 34457 2437 49 rise rise VB 34457 2437 50 , , , 34457 2437 51 more more JJR 34457 2437 52 of of IN 34457 2437 53 the the DT 34457 2437 54 solid solid JJ 34457 2437 55 will will MD 34457 2437 56 melt melt VB 34457 2437 57 , , , 34457 2437 58 and and CC 34457 2437 59 the the DT 34457 2437 60 composition composition NN 34457 2437 61 of of IN 34457 2437 62 the the DT 34457 2437 63 two two CD 34457 2437 64 phases phase NNS 34457 2437 65 will will MD 34457 2437 66 change change VB 34457 2437 67 as as IN 34457 2437 68 represented represent VBN 34457 2437 69 by by IN 34457 2437 70 the the DT 34457 2437 71 curves curve NNS 34457 2437 72 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 73 da da NNP 34457 2437 74 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 75 and and CC 34457 2437 76 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 77 cb cb NNP 34457 2437 78 _ _ NNP 34457 2437 79 . . . 34457 2438 1 When when WRB 34457 2438 2 the the DT 34457 2438 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2438 4 has have VBZ 34457 2438 5 risen rise VBN 34457 2438 6 to to IN 34457 2438 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2438 8 a a DT 34457 2438 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2438 10 , , , 34457 2438 11 complete complete JJ 34457 2438 12 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2438 13 will will MD 34457 2438 14 have have VB 34457 2438 15 occurred occur VBN 34457 2438 16 . . . 34457 2439 1 The the DT 34457 2439 2 process process NN 34457 2439 3 of of IN 34457 2439 4 solidification solidification NN 34457 2439 5 or or CC 34457 2439 6 of of IN 34457 2439 7 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2439 8 is be VBZ 34457 2439 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 2439 10 extended extended JJ 34457 2439 11 over over IN 34457 2439 12 a a DT 34457 2439 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2439 14 interval interval NN 34457 2439 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2439 16 ac ac NNP 34457 2439 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2439 18 . . . 34457 2440 1 Even even RB 34457 2440 2 when when WRB 34457 2440 3 the the DT 34457 2440 4 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2440 5 - - HYPH 34457 2440 6 point point NN 34457 2440 7 curve curve NN 34457 2440 8 is be VBZ 34457 2440 9 a a DT 34457 2440 10 straight straight JJ 34457 2440 11 line line NN 34457 2440 12 joining join VBG 34457 2440 13 { { -LRB- 34457 2440 14 186 186 CD 34457 2440 15 } } -RRB- 34457 2440 16 the the DT 34457 2440 17 melting melt VBG 34457 2440 18 points point NNS 34457 2440 19 of of IN 34457 2440 20 the the DT 34457 2440 21 pure pure JJ 34457 2440 22 components component NNS 34457 2440 23 , , , 34457 2440 24 the the DT 34457 2440 25 melting melt VBG 34457 2440 26 - - HYPH 34457 2440 27 point point NN 34457 2440 28 curve curve NN 34457 2440 29 will will MD 34457 2440 30 not not RB 34457 2440 31 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 2440 32 coincide coincide VB 34457 2440 33 with with IN 34457 2440 34 the the DT 34457 2440 35 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2440 36 - - HYPH 34457 2440 37 point point NN 34457 2440 38 curve curve NN 34457 2440 39 , , , 34457 2440 40 although although IN 34457 2440 41 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2440 42 may may MD 34457 2440 43 approach approach VB 34457 2440 44 very very RB 34457 2440 45 near near RB 34457 2440 46 to to IN 34457 2440 47 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2440 48 ; ; : 34457 2440 49 complete complete JJ 34457 2440 50 coincidence coincidence NN 34457 2440 51 can can MD 34457 2440 52 take take VB 34457 2440 53 place place NN 34457 2440 54 only only RB 34457 2440 55 when when WRB 34457 2440 56 the the DT 34457 2440 57 melting melt VBG 34457 2440 58 points point NNS 34457 2440 59 of of IN 34457 2440 60 the the DT 34457 2440 61 two two CD 34457 2440 62 components component NNS 34457 2440 63 are be VBP 34457 2440 64 identical identical JJ 34457 2440 65 . . . 34457 2441 1 An an DT 34457 2441 2 example example NN 34457 2441 3 of of IN 34457 2441 4 this this DT 34457 2441 5 will will MD 34457 2441 6 be be VB 34457 2441 7 given give VBN 34457 2441 8 later later RB 34457 2441 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2441 10 Chap Chap NNP 34457 2441 11 . . . 34457 2442 1 XII XII NNP 34457 2442 2 . . . 34457 2442 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2442 4 . . . 34457 2443 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2443 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2443 3 b b NNP 34457 2443 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2443 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2443 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2443 7 The the DT 34457 2443 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2443 9 - - HYPH 34457 2443 10 point point NN 34457 2443 11 curve curve NN 34457 2443 12 passes pass VBZ 34457 2443 13 through through IN 34457 2443 14 a a DT 34457 2443 15 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2443 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2443 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2443 18 Curve Curve NNP 34457 2443 19 II II NNP 34457 2443 20 . . NN 34457 2443 21 , , , 34457 2443 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2443 23 . . . 34457 2444 1 49 49 CD 34457 2444 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2444 3 . . . 34457 2445 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2445 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2445 3 : : : 34457 2445 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2445 5 . . . 34457 2446 1 51 51 CD 34457 2446 2 . . . 34457 2446 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2447 1 This this DT 34457 2447 2 curve curve NN 34457 2447 3 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2447 4 the the DT 34457 2447 5 greatest great JJS 34457 2447 6 degree degree NN 34457 2447 7 of of IN 34457 2447 8 contrast contrast NN 34457 2447 9 to to IN 34457 2447 10 the the DT 34457 2447 11 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2447 12 - - HYPH 34457 2447 13 point point NN 34457 2447 14 curve curve NN 34457 2447 15 which which WDT 34457 2447 16 is be VBZ 34457 2447 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2447 18 when when WRB 34457 2447 19 the the DT 34457 2447 20 pure pure JJ 34457 2447 21 components component NNS 34457 2447 22 crystallize crystallize VBP 34457 2447 23 out out RP 34457 2447 24 . . . 34457 2448 1 For for IN 34457 2448 2 , , , 34457 2448 3 since since IN 34457 2448 4 the the DT 34457 2448 5 curve curve NN 34457 2448 6 passes pass VBZ 34457 2448 7 through through IN 34457 2448 8 a a DT 34457 2448 9 maximum maximum NN 34457 2448 10 , , , 34457 2448 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2448 12 is be VBZ 34457 2448 13 evident evident JJ 34457 2448 14 that that IN 34457 2448 15 the the DT 34457 2448 16 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2448 17 point point NN 34457 2448 18 of of IN 34457 2448 19 each each DT 34457 2448 20 of of IN 34457 2448 21 the the DT 34457 2448 22 components component NNS 34457 2448 23 must must MD 34457 2448 24 be be VB 34457 2448 25 _ _ NNP 34457 2448 26 raised raise VBN 34457 2448 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2448 28 by by IN 34457 2448 29 the the DT 34457 2448 30 addition addition NN 34457 2448 31 of of IN 34457 2448 32 the the DT 34457 2448 33 other other JJ 34457 2448 34 component component NN 34457 2448 35 . . . 34457 2449 1 Example.--Very Example.--Very , 34457 2449 2 few few JJ 34457 2449 3 cases case NNS 34457 2449 4 belonging belong VBG 34457 2449 5 to to IN 34457 2449 6 this this DT 34457 2449 7 type type NN 34457 2449 8 are be VBP 34457 2449 9 known know VBN 34457 2449 10 . . . 34457 2450 1 The the DT 34457 2450 2 best good JJS 34457 2450 3 example example NN 34457 2450 4 is be VBZ 34457 2450 5 found find VBN 34457 2450 6 in in IN 34457 2450 7 the the DT 34457 2450 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2450 9 - - HYPH 34457 2450 10 point point NN 34457 2450 11 curve curve NN 34457 2450 12 of of IN 34457 2450 13 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2450 14 of of IN 34457 2450 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2450 16 d_- d_- NNP 34457 2450 17 and and CC 34457 2450 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2450 19 l_-carvoxime[272 l_-carvoxime[272 NNP 34457 2450 20 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2450 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2450 22 C_{10}H_{14}N.OH c_{10}h_{14}n.oh NN 34457 2450 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2450 24 . . . 34457 2451 1 The the DT 34457 2451 2 freezing freeze VBG 34457 2451 3 points point NNS 34457 2451 4 and and CC 34457 2451 5 melting melt VBG 34457 2451 6 points point NNS 34457 2451 7 of of IN 34457 2451 8 the the DT 34457 2451 9 different different JJ 34457 2451 10 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2451 11 of of IN 34457 2451 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2451 13 d_- d_- NNP 34457 2451 14 and and CC 34457 2451 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2451 16 l_-carvoxime l_-carvoxime NNP 34457 2451 17 are be VBP 34457 2451 18 given give VBN 34457 2451 19 in in IN 34457 2451 20 the the DT 34457 2451 21 following follow VBG 34457 2451 22 table table NN 34457 2451 23 , , , 34457 2451 24 and and CC 34457 2451 25 represented represent VBD 34457 2451 26 graphically graphically RB 34457 2451 27 in in IN 34457 2451 28 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2451 29 . . . 34457 2452 1 51:-- 51:-- LS 34457 2452 2 ---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- ---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- : 34457 2452 3 Per per NN 34457 2452 4 cent cent NN 34457 2452 5 . . . 34457 2453 1 of of IN 34457 2453 2 | | NNP 34457 2453 3 Per Per NNP 34457 2453 4 cent cent NN 34457 2453 5 . . . 34457 2454 1 of of IN 34457 2454 2 | | NNP 34457 2454 3 Freezing Freezing NNP 34457 2454 4 point point NN 34457 2454 5 . . . 34457 2455 1 | | NNP 34457 2455 2 Melting melting NN 34457 2455 3 point point NN 34457 2455 4 . . . 34457 2456 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2456 2 d_-carvoxime d_-carvoxime NNP 34457 2456 3 . . . 34457 2457 1 | | NNP 34457 2457 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2457 3 l_-carvoxime l_-carvoxime NNP 34457 2457 4 . . . 34457 2458 1 | | NNP 34457 2458 2 | | NNP 34457 2458 3 ---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- ---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- SYM 34457 2458 4 100 100 CD 34457 2458 5 | | CD 34457 2458 6 0 0 CD 34457 2458 7 | | CD 34457 2458 8 72.0 72.0â CD 34457 2458 9 ° ° , 34457 2458 10 | | CD 34457 2458 11 72.0 72.0â CD 34457 2458 12 ° ° , 34457 2458 13 99 99 CD 34457 2458 14 | | CD 34457 2458 15 1 1 CD 34457 2458 16 | | CD 34457 2458 17 72.4 72.4â CD 34457 2458 18 ° ° , 34457 2458 19 | | NNP 34457 2458 20 -- -- : 34457 2458 21 98 98 CD 34457 2458 22 | | CD 34457 2458 23 2 2 CD 34457 2458 24 | | CD 34457 2458 25 73.0 73.0â CD 34457 2458 26 ° ° , 34457 2458 27 | | CD 34457 2458 28 -- -- : 34457 2458 29 95 95 CD 34457 2458 30 | | CD 34457 2458 31 5 5 CD 34457 2458 32 | | CD 34457 2458 33 75.4 75.4â CD 34457 2458 34 ° ° , 34457 2458 35 | | NNP 34457 2458 36 73.0 73.0â CD 34457 2458 37 ° ° , 34457 2458 38 90 90 CD 34457 2458 39 | | CD 34457 2458 40 10 10 CD 34457 2458 41 | | CD 34457 2458 42 79.0 79.0â CD 34457 2458 43 ° ° , 34457 2458 44 | | CD 34457 2458 45 75.0 75.0â CD 34457 2458 46 ° ° , 34457 2458 47 80 80 CD 34457 2458 48 | | CD 34457 2458 49 20 20 CD 34457 2458 50 | | CD 34457 2458 51 84.6 84.6â CD 34457 2458 52 ° ° , 34457 2458 53 | | CD 34457 2458 54 80.0 80.0â CD 34457 2458 55 ° ° , 34457 2458 56 70 70 CD 34457 2458 57 | | CD 34457 2458 58 30 30 CD 34457 2458 59 | | CD 34457 2458 60 88.2 88.2â CD 34457 2458 61 ° ° , 34457 2458 62 | | CD 34457 2458 63 85.0 85.0â CD 34457 2458 64 ° ° , 34457 2458 65 60 60 CD 34457 2458 66 | | CD 34457 2458 67 40 40 CD 34457 2458 68 | | CD 34457 2458 69 90.4 90.4â CD 34457 2458 70 ° ° , 34457 2458 71 | | NNP 34457 2458 72 -- -- : 34457 2458 73 50 50 CD 34457 2458 74 | | CD 34457 2458 75 50 50 CD 34457 2458 76 | | CD 34457 2458 77 91.4 91.4â CD 34457 2458 78 ° ° , 34457 2458 79 | | NNP 34457 2458 80 91.4 91.4â CD 34457 2458 81 ° ° , 34457 2458 82 25 25 CD 34457 2458 83 | | CD 34457 2458 84 75 75 CD 34457 2458 85 | | CD 34457 2458 86 86.4 86.4â CD 34457 2458 87 ° ° , 34457 2458 88 | | CD 34457 2458 89 82.0 82.0â CD 34457 2458 90 ° ° , 34457 2458 91 8 8 CD 34457 2458 92 | | CD 34457 2458 93 92 92 CD 34457 2458 94 | | CD 34457 2458 95 77.4 77.4â CD 34457 2458 96 ° ° , 34457 2458 97 | | CD 34457 2458 98 -- -- : 34457 2458 99 1 1 CD 34457 2458 100 | | CD 34457 2458 101 99 99 CD 34457 2458 102 | | CD 34457 2458 103 72.4 72.4â CD 34457 2458 104 ° ° , 34457 2458 105 | | NNP 34457 2458 106 -- -- : 34457 2458 107 0 0 CD 34457 2458 108 | | CD 34457 2458 109 100 100 CD 34457 2458 110 | | CD 34457 2458 111 72.0 72.0â CD 34457 2458 112 ° ° , 34457 2458 113 | | CD 34457 2458 114 72.0 72.0â CD 34457 2458 115 ° ° NNS 34457 2458 116 ---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- ---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- : 34457 2458 117 { { -LRB- 34457 2458 118 187 187 CD 34457 2458 119 } } -RRB- 34457 2458 120 In in IN 34457 2458 121 this this DT 34457 2458 122 figure figure NN 34457 2458 123 , , , 34457 2458 124 the the DT 34457 2458 125 melting melt VBG 34457 2458 126 - - HYPH 34457 2458 127 point point NN 34457 2458 128 curve curve NN 34457 2458 129 , , , 34457 2458 130 _ _ NNP 34457 2458 131 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2458 132 _ _ NNP 34457 2458 133 the the DT 34457 2458 134 temperature temperature NN 34457 2458 135 - - HYPH 34457 2458 136 concentration concentration NN 34457 2458 137 curve curve NN 34457 2458 138 for for IN 34457 2458 139 the the DT 34457 2458 140 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2458 141 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2458 142 , , , 34457 2458 143 is be VBZ 34457 2458 144 represented represent VBN 34457 2458 145 by by IN 34457 2458 146 the the DT 34457 2458 147 lower low JJR 34457 2458 148 curve curve NN 34457 2458 149 . . . 34457 2459 1 Since since IN 34457 2459 2 the the DT 34457 2459 3 addition addition NN 34457 2459 4 of of IN 34457 2459 5 the the DT 34457 2459 6 là là NNP 34457 2459 7 ¦ ¦ HYPH 34457 2459 8 vo vo NN 34457 2459 9 - - HYPH 34457 2459 10 form form NN 34457 2459 11 to to IN 34457 2459 12 the the DT 34457 2459 13 dextro dextro NN 34457 2459 14 - - HYPH 34457 2459 15 form form NN 34457 2459 16 raises raise VBZ 34457 2459 17 the the DT 34457 2459 18 melting melting NN 34457 2459 19 point point NN 34457 2459 20 of of IN 34457 2459 21 the the DT 34457 2459 22 latter latter JJ 34457 2459 23 , , , 34457 2459 24 the the DT 34457 2459 25 concentration concentration NN 34457 2459 26 of of IN 34457 2459 27 the the DT 34457 2459 28 là là NNP 34457 2459 29 ¦ ¦ HYPH 34457 2459 30 vo vo NN 34457 2459 31 - - HYPH 34457 2459 32 form form NN 34457 2459 33 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2459 34 on on IN 34457 2459 35 the the DT 34457 2459 36 right right JJ 34457 2459 37 - - HYPH 34457 2459 38 hand hand NN 34457 2459 39 branch branch NN 34457 2459 40 of of IN 34457 2459 41 the the DT 34457 2459 42 curve curve NN 34457 2459 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2459 44 must must MD 34457 2459 45 , , , 34457 2459 46 in in IN 34457 2459 47 accordance accordance NN 34457 2459 48 with with IN 34457 2459 49 the the DT 34457 2459 50 rule rule NN 34457 2459 51 given give VBN 34457 2459 52 , , , 34457 2459 53 be be VB 34457 2459 54 greater great JJR 34457 2459 55 in in IN 34457 2459 56 the the DT 34457 2459 57 solid solid JJ 34457 2459 58 phase phase NN 34457 2459 59 than than IN 34457 2459 60 in in IN 34457 2459 61 the the DT 34457 2459 62 liquid liquid NN 34457 2459 63 . . . 34457 2460 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 2460 2 , , , 34457 2460 3 since since IN 34457 2460 4 addition addition NN 34457 2460 5 of of IN 34457 2460 6 the the DT 34457 2460 7 dextro dextro NN 34457 2460 8 - - HYPH 34457 2460 9 form form NN 34457 2460 10 raises raise VBZ 34457 2460 11 the the DT 34457 2460 12 melting melting NN 34457 2460 13 point point NN 34457 2460 14 of of IN 34457 2460 15 the the DT 34457 2460 16 là là NNP 34457 2460 17 ¦ ¦ HYPH 34457 2460 18 vo vo NN 34457 2460 19 - - HYPH 34457 2460 20 form form NN 34457 2460 21 , , , 34457 2460 22 the the DT 34457 2460 23 solid solid JJ 34457 2460 24 phase phase NN 34457 2460 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2460 26 on on IN 34457 2460 27 the the DT 34457 2460 28 left left JJ 34457 2460 29 - - HYPH 34457 2460 30 hand hand NN 34457 2460 31 branch branch NN 34457 2460 32 of of IN 34457 2460 33 the the DT 34457 2460 34 curve curve NN 34457 2460 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2460 36 must must MD 34457 2460 37 be be VB 34457 2460 38 richer rich JJR 34457 2460 39 in in IN 34457 2460 40 dextro- dextro- NN 34457 2460 41 than than IN 34457 2460 42 in in IN 34457 2460 43 là là NNP 34457 2460 44 ¦ ¦ HYPH 34457 2460 45 vo vo NN 34457 2460 46 - - HYPH 34457 2460 47 carvoxime carvoxime NN 34457 2460 48 . . . 34457 2461 1 At at IN 34457 2461 2 the the DT 34457 2461 3 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2461 4 point point NN 34457 2461 5 , , , 34457 2461 6 the the DT 34457 2461 7 melting melting NN 34457 2461 8 - - HYPH 34457 2461 9 point point NN 34457 2461 10 and and CC 34457 2461 11 freezing freezing NN 34457 2461 12 - - HYPH 34457 2461 13 point point NN 34457 2461 14 curves curve NNS 34457 2461 15 touch touch NN 34457 2461 16 ; ; : 34457 2461 17 at at IN 34457 2461 18 this this DT 34457 2461 19 point point NN 34457 2461 20 , , , 34457 2461 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 2461 22 , , , 34457 2461 23 the the DT 34457 2461 24 composition composition NN 34457 2461 25 of of IN 34457 2461 26 the the DT 34457 2461 27 solid solid JJ 34457 2461 28 and and CC 34457 2461 29 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2461 30 phases phase NNS 34457 2461 31 must must MD 34457 2461 32 be be VB 34457 2461 33 identical identical JJ 34457 2461 34 . . . 34457 2462 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2462 2 is be VBZ 34457 2462 3 evident evident JJ 34457 2462 4 , , , 34457 2462 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2462 6 , , , 34457 2462 7 that that IN 34457 2462 8 at at IN 34457 2462 9 the the DT 34457 2462 10 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2462 11 point point NN 34457 2462 12 the the DT 34457 2462 13 liquid liquid NN 34457 2462 14 will will MD 34457 2462 15 solidify solidify VB 34457 2462 16 , , , 34457 2462 17 or or CC 34457 2462 18 the the DT 34457 2462 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2462 20 will will MD 34457 2462 21 liquefy liquefy VB 34457 2462 22 completely completely RB 34457 2462 23 without without IN 34457 2462 24 change change NN 34457 2462 25 of of IN 34457 2462 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 2462 27 ; ; , 34457 2462 28 and and CC 34457 2462 29 , , , 34457 2462 30 accordingly accordingly RB 34457 2462 31 , , , 34457 2462 32 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2462 33 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2462 34 of of IN 34457 2462 35 the the DT 34457 2462 36 composition composition NN 34457 2462 37 represented represent VBN 34457 2462 38 by by IN 34457 2462 39 the the DT 34457 2462 40 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2462 41 point point NN 34457 2462 42 will will MD 34457 2462 43 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2462 44 a a DT 34457 2462 45 definite definite JJ 34457 2462 46 melting melting NN 34457 2462 47 point point NN 34457 2462 48 , , , 34457 2462 49 and and CC 34457 2462 50 will will MD 34457 2462 51 in in IN 34457 2462 52 this this DT 34457 2462 53 respect respect NN 34457 2462 54 behave behave VB 34457 2462 55 like like UH 34457 2462 56 a a DT 34457 2462 57 simple simple JJ 34457 2462 58 substance substance NN 34457 2462 59 . . . 34457 2463 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2463 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2463 3 c c NNP 34457 2463 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2463 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2463 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2463 7 The the DT 34457 2463 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2463 9 - - HYPH 34457 2463 10 point point NN 34457 2463 11 curve curve NN 34457 2463 12 passes pass VBZ 34457 2463 13 through through IN 34457 2463 14 a a DT 34457 2463 15 minimum minimum NN 34457 2463 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2463 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2463 18 Curve Curve NNP 34457 2463 19 III III NNP 34457 2463 20 . . . 34457 2463 21 , , , 34457 2463 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2463 23 . . . 34457 2464 1 49 49 CD 34457 2464 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2464 3 . . . 34457 2465 1 In in IN 34457 2465 2 this this DT 34457 2465 3 case case NN 34457 2465 4 , , , 34457 2465 5 as as IN 34457 2465 6 in in IN 34457 2465 7 the the DT 34457 2465 8 case case NN 34457 2465 9 of of IN 34457 2465 10 those those DT 34457 2465 11 systems system NNS 34457 2465 12 where where WRB 34457 2465 13 the the DT 34457 2465 14 pure pure JJ 34457 2465 15 components component NNS 34457 2465 16 are be VBP 34457 2465 17 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2465 18 , , , 34457 2465 19 a a DT 34457 2465 20 minimum minimum JJ 34457 2465 21 freezing freezing NN 34457 2465 22 point point NN 34457 2465 23 is be VBZ 34457 2465 24 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2465 25 . . . 34457 2466 1 In in IN 34457 2466 2 the the DT 34457 2466 3 latter latter JJ 34457 2466 4 case case NN 34457 2466 5 , , , 34457 2466 6 however however RB 34457 2466 7 , , , 34457 2466 8 there there EX 34457 2466 9 are be VBP 34457 2466 10 two two CD 34457 2466 11 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2466 12 - - HYPH 34457 2466 13 point point NN 34457 2466 14 curves curve NNS 34457 2466 15 which which WDT 34457 2466 16 intersect intersect VBP 34457 2466 17 at at IN 34457 2466 18 a a DT 34457 2466 19 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2466 20 point point NN 34457 2466 21 ; ; : 34457 2466 22 in in IN 34457 2466 23 the the DT 34457 2466 24 case case NN 34457 2466 25 where where WRB 34457 2466 26 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2466 27 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2466 28 are be VBP 34457 2466 29 formed form VBN 34457 2466 30 there there RB 34457 2466 31 is be VBZ 34457 2466 32 only only RB 34457 2466 33 one one CD 34457 2466 34 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2466 35 curve curve NN 34457 2466 36 . . . 34457 2467 1 On on IN 34457 2467 2 one one CD 34457 2467 3 side side NN 34457 2467 4 of of IN 34457 2467 5 the the DT 34457 2467 6 minimum minimum NN 34457 2467 7 point point NN 34457 2467 8 the the DT 34457 2467 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2467 10 phase phase NN 34457 2467 11 contains contain VBZ 34457 2467 12 relatively relatively RB 34457 2467 13 more more JJR 34457 2467 14 , , , 34457 2467 15 on on IN 34457 2467 16 the the DT 34457 2467 17 other other JJ 34457 2467 18 side side NN 34457 2467 19 relatively relatively RB 34457 2467 20 less less RBR 34457 2467 21 , , , 34457 2467 22 of of IN 34457 2467 23 the the DT 34457 2467 24 one one CD 34457 2467 25 component component NN 34457 2467 26 than than IN 34457 2467 27 does do VBZ 34457 2467 28 the the DT 34457 2467 29 solid solid JJ 34457 2467 30 phase phase NN 34457 2467 31 ; ; : 34457 2467 32 while while IN 34457 2467 33 at at IN 34457 2467 34 the the DT 34457 2467 35 minimum minimum NN 34457 2467 36 point point NN 34457 2467 37 the the DT 34457 2467 38 composition composition NN 34457 2467 39 of of IN 34457 2467 40 the the DT 34457 2467 41 two two CD 34457 2467 42 phases phase NNS 34457 2467 43 is be VBZ 34457 2467 44 the the DT 34457 2467 45 same same JJ 34457 2467 46 . . . 34457 2468 1 At at IN 34457 2468 2 this this DT 34457 2468 3 point point NN 34457 2468 4 , , , 34457 2468 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2468 6 , , , 34457 2468 7 complete complete JJ 34457 2468 8 solidification solidification NN 34457 2468 9 or or CC 34457 2468 10 complete complete JJ 34457 2468 11 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2468 12 will will MD 34457 2468 13 occur occur VB 34457 2468 14 without without IN 34457 2468 15 change change NN 34457 2468 16 of of IN 34457 2468 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2468 18 , , , 34457 2468 19 and and CC 34457 2468 20 the the DT 34457 2468 21 mixed mix VBN 34457 2468 22 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2468 23 will will MD 34457 2468 24 accordingly accordingly RB 34457 2468 25 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2468 26 a a DT 34457 2468 27 definite definite JJ 34457 2468 28 melting melting NN 34457 2468 29 point point NN 34457 2468 30 . . . 34457 2469 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2469 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2469 3 : : : 34457 2469 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2469 5 . . . 34457 2470 1 52 52 CD 34457 2470 2 . . . 34457 2470 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2471 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2471 2 188 188 CD 34457 2471 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2471 4 Example.--As example.--as VB 34457 2471 5 an an DT 34457 2471 6 example example NN 34457 2471 7 of of IN 34457 2471 8 this this DT 34457 2471 9 there there EX 34457 2471 10 may may MD 34457 2471 11 be be VB 34457 2471 12 taken take VBN 34457 2471 13 the the DT 34457 2471 14 mixed mix VBN 34457 2471 15 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2471 16 of of IN 34457 2471 17 mercuric mercuric NN 34457 2471 18 bromide bromide NN 34457 2471 19 and and CC 34457 2471 20 iodide iodide NN 34457 2471 21 . . . 34457 2472 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2472 2 273 273 CD 34457 2472 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2472 4 Mercuric Mercuric NNP 34457 2472 5 bromide bromide NN 34457 2472 6 melts melt NNS 34457 2472 7 at at IN 34457 2472 8 236.5 236.5â CD 34457 2472 9 ° ° NNS 34457 2472 10 , , , 34457 2472 11 and and CC 34457 2472 12 mercuric mercuric NN 34457 2472 13 iodide iodide NN 34457 2472 14 at at IN 34457 2472 15 255.4 255.4â CD 34457 2472 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2472 17 . . . 34457 2473 1 The the DT 34457 2473 2 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2473 3 crystal crystal NN 34457 2473 4 of of IN 34457 2473 5 definite definite JJ 34457 2473 6 constant constant JJ 34457 2473 7 melting melting NN 34457 2473 8 point point NN 34457 2473 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2473 10 minimum minimum JJ 34457 2473 11 point point NN 34457 2473 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2473 13 contains contain VBZ 34457 2473 14 59 59 CD 34457 2473 15 mols mol NNS 34457 2473 16 . . . 34457 2474 1 per per IN 34457 2474 2 cent cent NN 34457 2474 3 . . . 34457 2475 1 of of IN 34457 2475 2 mercuric mercuric NNP 34457 2475 3 bromide bromide NNP 34457 2475 4 , , , 34457 2475 5 the the DT 34457 2475 6 melting melting NN 34457 2475 7 point point NN 34457 2475 8 being be VBG 34457 2475 9 216.1 216.1â CD 34457 2475 10 ° ° NNS 34457 2475 11 . . . 34457 2476 1 The the DT 34457 2476 2 numerical numerical JJ 34457 2476 3 data datum NNS 34457 2476 4 are be VBP 34457 2476 5 contained contain VBN 34457 2476 6 in in IN 34457 2476 7 the the DT 34457 2476 8 following follow VBG 34457 2476 9 table table NN 34457 2476 10 , , , 34457 2476 11 and and CC 34457 2476 12 represented represent VBD 34457 2476 13 graphically graphically RB 34457 2476 14 in in IN 34457 2476 15 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2476 16 . . . 34457 2477 1 52:-- 52:-- CD 34457 2477 2 ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2477 3 Mols mol NNS 34457 2477 4 . . . 34457 2478 1 per per IN 34457 2478 2 cent cent NN 34457 2478 3 . . . 34457 2479 1 of of IN 34457 2479 2 | | CD 34457 2479 3 | | NNP 34457 2479 4 HgBr_{2 hgbr_{2 NN 34457 2479 5 } } -RRB- 34457 2479 6 . . . 34457 2480 1 | | JJ 34457 2480 2 Freezing Freezing NNP 34457 2480 3 point point NN 34457 2480 4 . . . 34457 2481 1 | | NNP 34457 2481 2 Melting melting NN 34457 2481 3 point point NN 34457 2481 4 . . . 34457 2482 1 ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2482 2 100 100 CD 34457 2482 3 | | CD 34457 2482 4 236.5 236.5â CD 34457 2482 5 ° ° , 34457 2482 6 | | NNP 34457 2482 7 236 236 NNP 34457 2482 8 ° ° , 34457 2482 9 90 90 CD 34457 2482 10 | | CD 34457 2482 11 228.8 228.8â CD 34457 2482 12 ° ° , 34457 2482 13 | | NNP 34457 2482 14 226 226 NNP 34457 2482 15 ° ° , 34457 2482 16 80 80 CD 34457 2482 17 | | CD 34457 2482 18 222.2 222.2â CD 34457 2482 19 ° ° , 34457 2482 20 | | NNP 34457 2482 21 219 219â CD 34457 2482 22 ° ° , 34457 2482 23 70 70 CD 34457 2482 24 | | CD 34457 2482 25 217.8 217.8â CD 34457 2482 26 ° ° , 34457 2482 27 | | NNP 34457 2482 28 217 217â CD 34457 2482 29 ° ° , 34457 2482 30 65 65 CD 34457 2482 31 | | CD 34457 2482 32 216.6 216.6â CD 34457 2482 33 ° ° , 34457 2482 34 | | CD 34457 2482 35 216 216â CD 34457 2482 36 ° ° , 34457 2482 37 60 60 CD 34457 2482 38 | | CD 34457 2482 39 216.1 216.1â CD 34457 2482 40 ° ° , 34457 2482 41 | | NNP 34457 2482 42 215.5 215.5â CD 34457 2482 43 ° ° , 34457 2482 44 55 55 CD 34457 2482 45 | | CD 34457 2482 46 216.3 216.3â CD 34457 2482 47 ° ° , 34457 2482 48 | | NNP 34457 2482 49 216 216â CD 34457 2482 50 ° ° , 34457 2482 51 50 50 CD 34457 2482 52 | | CD 34457 2482 53 217.3 217.3â CD 34457 2482 54 ° ° , 34457 2482 55 | | NNP 34457 2482 56 216 216â CD 34457 2482 57 ° ° , 34457 2482 58 40 40 CD 34457 2482 59 | | CD 34457 2482 60 221.1 221.1â CD 34457 2482 61 ° ° , 34457 2482 62 | | NNP 34457 2482 63 218 218â CD 34457 2482 64 ° ° , 34457 2482 65 30 30 CD 34457 2482 66 | | CD 34457 2482 67 227.8 227.8â CD 34457 2482 68 ° ° , 34457 2482 69 | | NNP 34457 2482 70 223 223â CD 34457 2482 71 ° ° , 34457 2482 72 20 20 CD 34457 2482 73 | | CD 34457 2482 74 236.2 236.2â CD 34457 2482 75 ° ° , 34457 2482 76 | | CD 34457 2482 77 231 231â CD 34457 2482 78 ° ° , 34457 2482 79 10 10 CD 34457 2482 80 | | CD 34457 2482 81 245.5 245.5â CD 34457 2482 82 ° ° , 34457 2482 83 | | NNP 34457 2482 84 242 242â CD 34457 2482 85 ° ° , 34457 2482 86 0 0 CD 34457 2482 87 | | CD 34457 2482 88 255.4 255.4â CD 34457 2482 89 ° ° , 34457 2482 90 | | CD 34457 2482 91 254 254â CD 34457 2482 92 ° ° , 34457 2482 93 ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2482 94 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2482 95 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2482 96 : : : 34457 2482 97 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2482 98 . . . 34457 2483 1 53 53 CD 34457 2483 2 . . . 34457 2483 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2484 1 Fractional Fractional NNP 34457 2484 2 Crystallization Crystallization NNP 34457 2484 3 of of IN 34457 2484 4 Mixed mixed JJ 34457 2484 5 Crystals.--With Crystals.--With . 34457 2484 6 the the DT 34457 2484 7 help help NN 34457 2484 8 of of IN 34457 2484 9 the the DT 34457 2484 10 diagrams diagram NNS 34457 2484 11 already already RB 34457 2484 12 given give VBN 34457 2484 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2484 14 will will MD 34457 2484 15 be be VB 34457 2484 16 possible possible JJ 34457 2484 17 to to TO 34457 2484 18 predict predict VB 34457 2484 19 what what WP 34457 2484 20 will will MD 34457 2484 21 be be VB 34457 2484 22 the the DT 34457 2484 23 result result NN 34457 2484 24 of of IN 34457 2484 25 the the DT 34457 2484 26 fractional fractional JJ 34457 2484 27 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 2484 28 of of IN 34457 2484 29 a a DT 34457 2484 30 fused fuse VBN 34457 2484 31 mixture mixture NN 34457 2484 32 of of IN 34457 2484 33 two two CD 34457 2484 34 substances substance NNS 34457 2484 35 which which WDT 34457 2484 36 can can MD 34457 2484 37 form form VB 34457 2484 38 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2484 39 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2484 40 . . . 34457 2485 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2485 2 , , , 34457 2485 3 for for IN 34457 2485 4 example example NN 34457 2485 5 , , , 34457 2485 6 a a DT 34457 2485 7 fused fuse VBN 34457 2485 8 mixture mixture NN 34457 2485 9 of of IN 34457 2485 10 the the DT 34457 2485 11 composition composition NN 34457 2485 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2485 13 x x SYM 34457 2485 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2485 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2485 16 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2485 17 . . . 34457 2486 1 53 53 LS 34457 2486 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2486 3 is be VBZ 34457 2486 4 cooled cool VBN 34457 2486 5 down down RP 34457 2486 6 ; ; : 34457 2486 7 then then RB 34457 2486 8 , , , 34457 2486 9 as as IN 34457 2486 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2486 11 have have VBP 34457 2486 12 already already RB 34457 2486 13 seen see VBN 34457 2486 14 , , , 34457 2486 15 when when WRB 34457 2486 16 the the DT 34457 2486 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2486 18 has have VBZ 34457 2486 19 fallen fall VBN 34457 2486 20 to to IN 34457 2486 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2486 22 a a DT 34457 2486 23 _ _ NNP 34457 2486 24 , , , 34457 2486 25 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2486 26 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2486 27 of of IN 34457 2486 28 composition composition NN 34457 2486 29 , , , 34457 2486 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2486 31 b b NNP 34457 2486 32 _ _ NNP 34457 2486 33 , , , 34457 2486 34 are be VBP 34457 2486 35 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2486 36 . . . 34457 2487 1 If if IN 34457 2487 2 the the DT 34457 2487 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2487 4 is be VBZ 34457 2487 5 allowed allow VBN 34457 2487 6 to to TO 34457 2487 7 fall fall VB 34457 2487 8 { { -LRB- 34457 2487 9 189 189 CD 34457 2487 10 } } -RRB- 34457 2487 11 to to IN 34457 2487 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2487 13 x x NNP 34457 2487 14 ' ' '' 34457 2487 15 _ _ NN 34457 2487 16 , , , 34457 2487 17 and and CC 34457 2487 18 the the DT 34457 2487 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2487 20 then then RB 34457 2487 21 separated separate VBD 34457 2487 22 from from IN 34457 2487 23 the the DT 34457 2487 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 2487 25 , , , 34457 2487 26 the the DT 34457 2487 27 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2487 28 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2487 29 so so RB 34457 2487 30 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2487 31 will will MD 34457 2487 32 have have VB 34457 2487 33 the the DT 34457 2487 34 composition composition NN 34457 2487 35 represented represent VBN 34457 2487 36 by by IN 34457 2487 37 e. e. NNP 34457 2487 38 If if IN 34457 2487 39 , , , 34457 2487 40 now now RB 34457 2487 41 , , , 34457 2487 42 the the DT 34457 2487 43 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2487 44 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2487 45 _ _ NNP 34457 2487 46 e e NNP 34457 2487 47 _ _ NNP 34457 2487 48 are be VBP 34457 2487 49 completely completely RB 34457 2487 50 fused fuse VBN 34457 2487 51 and and CC 34457 2487 52 the the DT 34457 2487 53 fused fuse VBN 34457 2487 54 mass mass NN 34457 2487 55 allowed allow VBN 34457 2487 56 to to TO 34457 2487 57 cool cool VB 34457 2487 58 , , , 34457 2487 59 separation separation NN 34457 2487 60 of of IN 34457 2487 61 solid solid JJ 34457 2487 62 will will MD 34457 2487 63 occur occur VB 34457 2487 64 when when WRB 34457 2487 65 the the DT 34457 2487 66 temperature temperature NN 34457 2487 67 has have VBZ 34457 2487 68 fallen fall VBN 34457 2487 69 to to IN 34457 2487 70 the the DT 34457 2487 71 point point NN 34457 2487 72 _ _ NNP 34457 2487 73 f f NNP 34457 2487 74 _ _ NNP 34457 2487 75 . . . 34457 2488 1 The the DT 34457 2488 2 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2488 3 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2488 4 which which WDT 34457 2488 5 are be VBP 34457 2488 6 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2488 7 have have VBP 34457 2488 8 now now RB 34457 2488 9 the the DT 34457 2488 10 composition composition NN 34457 2488 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2488 12 by by IN 34457 2488 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2488 14 g g NNP 34457 2488 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2488 16 , , , 34457 2488 17 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2489 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2489 2 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2489 3 are be VBP 34457 2489 4 richer rich JJR 34457 2489 5 in in IN 34457 2489 6 B b NN 34457 2489 7 than than IN 34457 2489 8 the the DT 34457 2489 9 original original JJ 34457 2489 10 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2489 11 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2489 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2489 13 . . . 34457 2490 1 By by IN 34457 2490 2 repeating repeat VBG 34457 2490 3 this this DT 34457 2490 4 process process NN 34457 2490 5 , , , 34457 2490 6 the the DT 34457 2490 7 composition composition NN 34457 2490 8 of of IN 34457 2490 9 the the DT 34457 2490 10 successive successive JJ 34457 2490 11 crops crop NNS 34457 2490 12 of of IN 34457 2490 13 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2490 14 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2490 15 which which WDT 34457 2490 16 are be VBP 34457 2490 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2490 18 approximates approximate NNS 34457 2490 19 more more RBR 34457 2490 20 and and CC 34457 2490 21 more more RBR 34457 2490 22 to to IN 34457 2490 23 that that DT 34457 2490 24 of of IN 34457 2490 25 the the DT 34457 2490 26 pure pure JJ 34457 2490 27 component component NN 34457 2490 28 B b NN 34457 2490 29 , , , 34457 2490 30 while while IN 34457 2490 31 , , , 34457 2490 32 on on IN 34457 2490 33 the the DT 34457 2490 34 other other JJ 34457 2490 35 hand hand NN 34457 2490 36 , , , 34457 2490 37 the the DT 34457 2490 38 composition composition NN 34457 2490 39 of of IN 34457 2490 40 the the DT 34457 2490 41 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2490 42 phase phase NN 34457 2490 43 produced produce VBD 34457 2490 44 tends tend VBZ 34457 2490 45 to to IN 34457 2490 46 that that DT 34457 2490 47 of of IN 34457 2490 48 pure pure JJ 34457 2490 49 A. a. NN 34457 2491 1 By by IN 34457 2491 2 a a DT 34457 2491 3 systematic systematic JJ 34457 2491 4 and and CC 34457 2491 5 methodical methodical JJ 34457 2491 6 repetition repetition NN 34457 2491 7 of of IN 34457 2491 8 the the DT 34457 2491 9 process process NN 34457 2491 10 of of IN 34457 2491 11 fractional fractional JJ 34457 2491 12 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 2491 13 , , , 34457 2491 14 therefore therefore RB 34457 2491 15 , , , 34457 2491 16 a a DT 34457 2491 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2491 18 practically practically RB 34457 2491 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2491 20 complete complete JJ 34457 2491 21 separation separation NN 34457 2491 22 of of IN 34457 2491 23 the the DT 34457 2491 24 components component NNS 34457 2491 25 can can MD 34457 2491 26 be be VB 34457 2491 27 effected effect VBN 34457 2491 28 ; ; : 34457 2491 29 a a DT 34457 2491 30 perfect perfect JJ 34457 2491 31 separation separation NN 34457 2491 32 is be VBZ 34457 2491 33 theoretically theoretically RB 34457 2491 34 impossible impossible JJ 34457 2491 35 . . . 34457 2492 1 From from IN 34457 2492 2 this this DT 34457 2492 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2492 4 will will MD 34457 2492 5 be be VB 34457 2492 6 readily readily RB 34457 2492 7 understood understand VBN 34457 2492 8 that that IN 34457 2492 9 in in IN 34457 2492 10 the the DT 34457 2492 11 case case NN 34457 2492 12 of of IN 34457 2492 13 substances substance NNS 34457 2492 14 the the DT 34457 2492 15 freezing freezing NN 34457 2492 16 point point NN 34457 2492 17 of of IN 34457 2492 18 which which WDT 34457 2492 19 passes pass VBZ 34457 2492 20 through through IN 34457 2492 21 a a DT 34457 2492 22 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2492 23 , , , 34457 2492 24 fractional fractional JJ 34457 2492 25 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 2492 26 will will MD 34457 2492 27 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2492 28 lead lead VB 34457 2492 29 to to IN 34457 2492 30 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2492 31 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2492 32 having have VBG 34457 2492 33 the the DT 34457 2492 34 composition composition NN 34457 2492 35 of of IN 34457 2492 36 the the DT 34457 2492 37 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2492 38 point point NN 34457 2492 39 , , , 34457 2492 40 while while IN 34457 2492 41 the the DT 34457 2492 42 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2492 43 phase phase NN 34457 2492 44 will will MD 34457 2492 45 more more RBR 34457 2492 46 and and CC 34457 2492 47 more more RBR 34457 2492 48 assume assume VB 34457 2492 49 the the DT 34457 2492 50 composition composition NN 34457 2492 51 of of IN 34457 2492 52 either either CC 34457 2492 53 pure pure JJ 34457 2492 54 A a NN 34457 2492 55 or or CC 34457 2492 56 pure pure JJ 34457 2492 57 B b NN 34457 2492 58 , , , 34457 2492 59 according accord VBG 34457 2492 60 as as IN 34457 2492 61 the the DT 34457 2492 62 initial initial JJ 34457 2492 63 composition composition NN 34457 2492 64 was be VBD 34457 2492 65 on on IN 34457 2492 66 the the DT 34457 2492 67 A a DT 34457 2492 68 side side NN 34457 2492 69 or or CC 34457 2492 70 the the DT 34457 2492 71 B b NN 34457 2492 72 side side NN 34457 2492 73 of of IN 34457 2492 74 the the DT 34457 2492 75 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2492 76 point point NN 34457 2492 77 . . . 34457 2493 1 In in IN 34457 2493 2 those those DT 34457 2493 3 cases case NNS 34457 2493 4 , , , 34457 2493 5 however however RB 34457 2493 6 , , , 34457 2493 7 where where WRB 34457 2493 8 the the DT 34457 2493 9 curves curve NNS 34457 2493 10 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 2493 11 a a DT 34457 2493 12 minimum minimum NN 34457 2493 13 , , , 34457 2493 14 the the DT 34457 2493 15 solid solid JJ 34457 2493 16 phase phase NN 34457 2493 17 which which WDT 34457 2493 18 separates separate VBZ 34457 2493 19 out out RP 34457 2493 20 will will MD 34457 2493 21 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2493 22 be be VB 34457 2493 23 one one CD 34457 2493 24 of of IN 34457 2493 25 the the DT 34457 2493 26 pure pure JJ 34457 2493 27 components component NNS 34457 2493 28 , , , 34457 2493 29 while while IN 34457 2493 30 a a DT 34457 2493 31 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2493 32 phase phase NN 34457 2493 33 will will MD 34457 2493 34 finally finally RB 34457 2493 35 be be VB 34457 2493 36 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2493 37 which which WDT 34457 2493 38 has have VBZ 34457 2493 39 the the DT 34457 2493 40 composition composition NN 34457 2493 41 of of IN 34457 2493 42 the the DT 34457 2493 43 minimum minimum JJ 34457 2493 44 point point NN 34457 2493 45 . . . 34457 2494 1 II.--THE II.--THE NNP 34457 2494 2 TWO two CD 34457 2494 3 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 2494 4 DO do VBP 34457 2494 5 NOT not RB 34457 2494 6 FORM form VB 34457 2494 7 A a DT 34457 2494 8 CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS NNP 34457 2494 9 SERIES serie NNS 34457 2494 10 OF of IN 34457 2494 11 MIXED mixed NN 34457 2494 12 CRYSTALS crystal NNS 34457 2494 13 . . . 34457 2495 1 This this DT 34457 2495 2 case case NN 34457 2495 3 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 2495 4 to to IN 34457 2495 5 that that DT 34457 2495 6 of of IN 34457 2495 7 the the DT 34457 2495 8 partial partial JJ 34457 2495 9 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 2495 10 of of IN 34457 2495 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2495 12 . . . 34457 2496 1 The the DT 34457 2496 2 solid solid JJ 34457 2496 3 component component NN 34457 2496 4 A a NN 34457 2496 5 can can MD 34457 2496 6 " " `` 34457 2496 7 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 2496 8 " " '' 34457 2496 9 the the DT 34457 2496 10 component component NN 34457 2496 11 B b NN 34457 2496 12 until until IN 34457 2496 13 the the DT 34457 2496 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 2496 15 of of IN 34457 2496 16 the the DT 34457 2496 17 latter latter JJ 34457 2496 18 in in IN 34457 2496 19 the the DT 34457 2496 20 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2496 21 crystal crystal NN 34457 2496 22 has have VBZ 34457 2496 23 reached reach VBN 34457 2496 24 a a DT 34457 2496 25 certain certain JJ 34457 2496 26 value value NN 34457 2496 27 . . . 34457 2497 1 Addition addition NN 34457 2497 2 of of IN 34457 2497 3 a a DT 34457 2497 4 further further JJ 34457 2497 5 amount amount NN 34457 2497 6 of of IN 34457 2497 7 B b NN 34457 2497 8 will will MD 34457 2497 9 not not RB 34457 2497 10 alter alter VB 34457 2497 11 the the DT 34457 2497 12 composition composition NN 34457 2497 13 of of IN 34457 2497 14 the the DT 34457 2497 15 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2497 16 crystal crystal NN 34457 2497 17 , , , 34457 2497 18 but but CC 34457 2497 19 there there EX 34457 2497 20 will will MD 34457 2497 21 be be VB 34457 2497 22 formed form VBN 34457 2497 23 a a DT 34457 2497 24 second second JJ 34457 2497 25 solid solid JJ 34457 2497 26 phase phase NN 34457 2497 27 consisting consist VBG 34457 2497 28 { { -LRB- 34457 2497 29 190 190 CD 34457 2497 30 } } -RRB- 34457 2497 31 of of IN 34457 2497 32 a a DT 34457 2497 33 solution solution NN 34457 2497 34 of of IN 34457 2497 35 A a NN 34457 2497 36 in in IN 34457 2497 37 B. B. NNP 34457 2498 1 At at IN 34457 2498 2 this this DT 34457 2498 3 point point NN 34457 2498 4 the the DT 34457 2498 5 four four CD 34457 2498 6 phases phase NNS 34457 2498 7 , , , 34457 2498 8 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2498 9 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2498 10 containing contain VBG 34457 2498 11 excess excess NN 34457 2498 12 of of IN 34457 2498 13 A A NNP 34457 2498 14 , , , 34457 2498 15 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2498 16 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2498 17 containing contain VBG 34457 2498 18 excess excess NN 34457 2498 19 of of IN 34457 2498 20 B b NN 34457 2498 21 , , , 34457 2498 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 2498 23 solution solution NN 34457 2498 24 , , , 34457 2498 25 vapour vapour NN 34457 2498 26 , , , 34457 2498 27 can can MD 34457 2498 28 coexist coexist VB 34457 2498 29 ; ; : 34457 2498 30 this this DT 34457 2498 31 will will MD 34457 2498 32 therefore therefore RB 34457 2498 33 be be VB 34457 2498 34 an an DT 34457 2498 35 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2498 36 point point NN 34457 2498 37 . . . 34457 2499 1 The the DT 34457 2499 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2499 3 - - HYPH 34457 2499 4 concentration concentration NN 34457 2499 5 curves curve NNS 34457 2499 6 will will MD 34457 2499 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 2499 8 no no RB 34457 2499 9 longer longer RB 34457 2499 10 be be VB 34457 2499 11 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2499 12 , , , 34457 2499 13 but but CC 34457 2499 14 will will MD 34457 2499 15 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2499 16 a a DT 34457 2499 17 break break NN 34457 2499 18 or or CC 34457 2499 19 discontinuity discontinuity NN 34457 2499 20 at at IN 34457 2499 21 the the DT 34457 2499 22 point point NN 34457 2499 23 at at IN 34457 2499 24 which which WDT 34457 2499 25 the the DT 34457 2499 26 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2499 27 system system NN 34457 2499 28 is be VBZ 34457 2499 29 formed form VBN 34457 2499 30 . . . 34457 2500 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2500 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2500 3 a a DT 34457 2500 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2500 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2500 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2500 7 The the DT 34457 2500 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2500 9 - - HYPH 34457 2500 10 point point NN 34457 2500 11 curve curve NN 34457 2500 12 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2500 13 a a DT 34457 2500 14 transition transition NN 34457 2500 15 point point NN 34457 2500 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2500 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2500 18 Curve Curve NNP 34457 2500 19 I. I. NNP 34457 2500 20 , , , 34457 2500 21 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2500 22 . . . 34457 2501 1 54 54 LS 34457 2501 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2501 3 . . . 34457 2502 1 As as IN 34457 2502 2 is be VBZ 34457 2502 3 evident evident JJ 34457 2502 4 from from IN 34457 2502 5 the the DT 34457 2502 6 figure figure NN 34457 2502 7 , , , 34457 2502 8 addition addition NN 34457 2502 9 of of IN 34457 2502 10 B b NN 34457 2502 11 raises raise VBZ 34457 2502 12 the the DT 34457 2502 13 melting melting NN 34457 2502 14 point point NN 34457 2502 15 of of IN 34457 2502 16 A a NN 34457 2502 17 , , , 34457 2502 18 and and CC 34457 2502 19 , , , 34457 2502 20 in in IN 34457 2502 21 accordance accordance NN 34457 2502 22 with with IN 34457 2502 23 the the DT 34457 2502 24 rule rule NN 34457 2502 25 previously previously RB 34457 2502 26 given give VBN 34457 2502 27 , , , 34457 2502 28 the the DT 34457 2502 29 concentration concentration NN 34457 2502 30 of of IN 34457 2502 31 B b NN 34457 2502 32 in in IN 34457 2502 33 the the DT 34457 2502 34 mixed mix VBN 34457 2502 35 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2502 36 will will MD 34457 2502 37 be be VB 34457 2502 38 greater great JJR 34457 2502 39 than than IN 34457 2502 40 in in IN 34457 2502 41 the the DT 34457 2502 42 solution solution NN 34457 2502 43 . . . 34457 2503 1 This this DT 34457 2503 2 is be VBZ 34457 2503 3 represented represent VBN 34457 2503 4 in in IN 34457 2503 5 the the DT 34457 2503 6 figure figure NN 34457 2503 7 by by IN 34457 2503 8 the the DT 34457 2503 9 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2503 10 curve curve NN 34457 2503 11 AD ad NN 34457 2503 12 . . . 34457 2504 1 On on IN 34457 2504 2 the the DT 34457 2504 3 other other JJ 34457 2504 4 hand hand NN 34457 2504 5 , , , 34457 2504 6 addition addition NN 34457 2504 7 of of IN 34457 2504 8 A a DT 34457 2504 9 lowers lower NNS 34457 2504 10 the the DT 34457 2504 11 melting melting NN 34457 2504 12 point point NN 34457 2504 13 of of IN 34457 2504 14 B b NN 34457 2504 15 , , , 34457 2504 16 and and CC 34457 2504 17 the the DT 34457 2504 18 two two CD 34457 2504 19 curves curve NNS 34457 2504 20 BC BC NNP 34457 2504 21 and and CC 34457 2504 22 BE BE NNP 34457 2504 23 are be VBP 34457 2504 24 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2504 25 for for IN 34457 2504 26 the the DT 34457 2504 27 liquid liquid NN 34457 2504 28 and and CC 34457 2504 29 solid solid JJ 34457 2504 30 phases phase NNS 34457 2504 31 respectively respectively RB 34457 2504 32 . . . 34457 2505 1 At at IN 34457 2505 2 the the DT 34457 2505 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2505 4 of of IN 34457 2505 5 the the DT 34457 2505 6 line line NN 34457 2505 7 CDE CDE NNP 34457 2505 8 the the DT 34457 2505 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2505 10 solution solution NN 34457 2505 11 of of IN 34457 2505 12 the the DT 34457 2505 13 composition composition NN 34457 2505 14 represented represent VBN 34457 2505 15 by by IN 34457 2505 16 C C NNP 34457 2505 17 is be VBZ 34457 2505 18 in in IN 34457 2505 19 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2505 20 with with IN 34457 2505 21 the the DT 34457 2505 22 two two CD 34457 2505 23 different different JJ 34457 2505 24 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2505 25 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2505 26 represented represent VBN 34457 2505 27 by by IN 34457 2505 28 D d NN 34457 2505 29 and and CC 34457 2505 30 E. E. NNP 34457 2505 31 At at IN 34457 2505 32 this this DT 34457 2505 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 2505 34 , , , 34457 2505 35 therefore therefore RB 34457 2505 36 , , , 34457 2505 37 the the DT 34457 2505 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2505 39 tc_-curve tc_-curve NN 34457 2505 40 for for IN 34457 2505 41 the the DT 34457 2505 42 solid solid JJ 34457 2505 43 phase phase NN 34457 2505 44 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2505 45 a a DT 34457 2505 46 discontinuity discontinuity NN 34457 2505 47 ; ; : 34457 2505 48 and and CC 34457 2505 49 , , , 34457 2505 50 since since IN 34457 2505 51 the the DT 34457 2505 52 solid solid JJ 34457 2505 53 phase phase NN 34457 2505 54 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 2505 55 change change NN 34457 2505 56 at at IN 34457 2505 57 this this DT 34457 2505 58 point point NN 34457 2505 59 , , , 34457 2505 60 the the DT 34457 2505 61 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2505 62 - - HYPH 34457 2505 63 point point NN 34457 2505 64 curve curve NN 34457 2505 65 must must MD 34457 2505 66 show show VB 34457 2505 67 a a DT 34457 2505 68 break break NN 34457 2505 69 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2505 70 p. p. NN 34457 2505 71 111 111 CD 34457 2505 72 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2505 73 . . . 34457 2506 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2506 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2506 3 : : : 34457 2506 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2506 5 . . . 34457 2507 1 54 54 CD 34457 2507 2 . . . 34457 2507 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2508 1 Example.--Curves example.--curve NNS 34457 2508 2 of of IN 34457 2508 3 the the DT 34457 2508 4 form form NN 34457 2508 5 given give VBN 34457 2508 6 in in IN 34457 2508 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2508 8 . . . 34457 2509 1 54 54 CD 34457 2509 2 I. i. NN 34457 2509 3 have have VBP 34457 2509 4 been be VBN 34457 2509 5 found find VBN 34457 2509 6 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 2509 7 in in IN 34457 2509 8 the the DT 34457 2509 9 case case NN 34457 2509 10 of of IN 34457 2509 11 silver silver NN 34457 2509 12 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 2509 13 and and CC 34457 2509 14 sodium sodium NN 34457 2509 15 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 2509 16 . . . 34457 2510 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2510 2 274 274 CD 34457 2510 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2510 4 The the DT 34457 2510 5 following follow VBG 34457 2510 6 table table NN 34457 2510 7 contains contain VBZ 34457 2510 8 the the DT 34457 2510 9 numerical numerical JJ 34457 2510 10 data datum NNS 34457 2510 11 , , , 34457 2510 12 which which WDT 34457 2510 13 are be VBP 34457 2510 14 also also RB 34457 2510 15 represented represent VBN 34457 2510 16 graphically graphically RB 34457 2510 17 in in IN 34457 2510 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2510 19 . . . 34457 2511 1 55:-- 55:-- CD 34457 2511 2 { { -LRB- 34457 2511 3 191 191 CD 34457 2511 4 } } -RRB- 34457 2511 5 ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2511 6 Molecules Molecules NNP 34457 2511 7 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 2511 8 } } -RRB- 34457 2511 9 | | NNP 34457 2511 10 Freezing Freezing NNP 34457 2511 11 point point NN 34457 2511 12 . . . 34457 2512 1 | | NNP 34457 2512 2 Melting melting NN 34457 2512 3 point point NN 34457 2512 4 . . . 34457 2513 1 per per IN 34457 2513 2 cent cent NN 34457 2513 3 . . . 34457 2514 1 | | CD 34457 2514 2 | | CD 34457 2514 3 ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2514 4 0 0 CD 34457 2514 5 | | CD 34457 2514 6 208.6 208.6â CD 34457 2514 7 ° ° , 34457 2514 8 | | NNP 34457 2514 9 208.6 208.6â CD 34457 2514 10 ° ° , 34457 2514 11 8 8 CD 34457 2514 12 | | CD 34457 2514 13 211.4 211.4â CD 34457 2514 14 ° ° , 34457 2514 15 | | NNP 34457 2514 16 210 210 NNP 34457 2514 17 ° ° , 34457 2514 18 15.06 15.06 CD 34457 2514 19 | | CD 34457 2514 20 215 215â CD 34457 2514 21 ° ° , 34457 2514 22 | | NNP 34457 2514 23 212 212â CD 34457 2514 24 ° ° , 34457 2514 25 19.46 19.46 CD 34457 2514 26 | | CD 34457 2514 27 217.2 217.2â CD 34457 2514 28 ° ° NNS 34457 2514 29 | | CD 34457 2514 30 214.8 214.8â CD 34457 2514 31 ° ° , 34457 2514 32 21.9 21.9 CD 34457 2514 33 | | CD 34457 2514 34 222 222â CD 34457 2514 35 ° ° , 34457 2514 36 | | CD 34457 2514 37 215 215â CD 34457 2514 38 ° ° , 34457 2514 39 26 26 CD 34457 2514 40 | | CD 34457 2514 41 228.4 228.4â CD 34457 2514 42 ° ° , 34457 2514 43 | | NNP 34457 2514 44 216.5 216.5â CD 34457 2514 45 ° ° , 34457 2514 46 29.7 29.7 CD 34457 2514 47 | | CD 34457 2514 48 234.8 234.8â CD 34457 2514 49 ° ° , 34457 2514 50 | | NNP 34457 2514 51 217.5 217.5â CD 34457 2514 52 ° ° , 34457 2514 53 36.2 36.2 CD 34457 2514 54 | | CD 34457 2514 55 244.4 244.4â CD 34457 2514 56 ° ° , 34457 2514 57 | | NNP 34457 2514 58 217.5 217.5â CD 34457 2514 59 ° ° , 34457 2514 60 47.3 47.3 CD 34457 2514 61 | | CD 34457 2514 62 259.4 259.4â CD 34457 2514 63 ° ° , 34457 2514 64 | | NNP 34457 2514 65 237.6 237.6â CD 34457 2514 66 ° ° , 34457 2514 67 58.9 58.9 CD 34457 2514 68 | | CD 34457 2514 69 272 272â CD 34457 2514 70 ° ° , 34457 2514 71 | | NNP 34457 2514 72 257 257 NNP 34457 2514 73 ° ° , 34457 2514 74 72 72 CD 34457 2514 75 | | CD 34457 2514 76 284 284â CD 34457 2514 77 ° ° , 34457 2514 78 | | NNP 34457 2514 79 274 274â CD 34457 2514 80 ° ° , 34457 2514 81 100 100 CD 34457 2514 82 | | CD 34457 2514 83 308 308â CD 34457 2514 84 ° ° , 34457 2514 85 | | NNP 34457 2514 86 308 308â CD 34457 2514 87 ° ° , 34457 2514 88 ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2514 89 The the DT 34457 2514 90 temperature temperature NN 34457 2514 91 of of IN 34457 2514 92 the the DT 34457 2514 93 transition transition NN 34457 2514 94 point point NN 34457 2514 95 is be VBZ 34457 2514 96 217.5 217.5â CD 34457 2514 97 ° ° NNS 34457 2514 98 ; ; : 34457 2514 99 at at IN 34457 2514 100 this this DT 34457 2514 101 point point NN 34457 2514 102 the the DT 34457 2514 103 liquid liquid NN 34457 2514 104 contains contain VBZ 34457 2514 105 19.5 19.5 CD 34457 2514 106 , , , 34457 2514 107 and and CC 34457 2514 108 the the DT 34457 2514 109 two two CD 34457 2514 110 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 2514 111 solid solid JJ 34457 2514 112 solutions solution NNS 34457 2514 113 26 26 CD 34457 2514 114 and and CC 34457 2514 115 38 38 CD 34457 2514 116 molecules molecule NNS 34457 2514 117 of of IN 34457 2514 118 sodium sodium NN 34457 2514 119 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 2514 120 per per IN 34457 2514 121 cent cent NN 34457 2514 122 . . . 34457 2515 1 respectively respectively RB 34457 2515 2 . . . 34457 2516 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2516 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2516 3 : : : 34457 2516 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2516 5 . . . 34457 2517 1 55 55 CD 34457 2517 2 . . . 34457 2517 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2518 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2518 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2518 3 : : : 34457 2518 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2518 5 . . . 34457 2519 1 56 56 CD 34457 2519 2 . . . 34457 2519 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2520 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2520 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2520 3 b b NNP 34457 2520 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2520 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2520 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2520 7 The the DT 34457 2520 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2520 9 - - HYPH 34457 2520 10 point point NN 34457 2520 11 curve curve NN 34457 2520 12 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2520 13 a a DT 34457 2520 14 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2520 15 point point NN 34457 2520 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2520 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2520 18 Curve Curve NNP 34457 2520 19 II II NNP 34457 2520 20 . . NN 34457 2520 21 , , , 34457 2520 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2520 23 . . . 34457 2521 1 54 54 LS 34457 2521 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2521 3 . . . 34457 2522 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2522 2 192 192 CD 34457 2522 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2522 4 In in IN 34457 2522 5 this this DT 34457 2522 6 case case NN 34457 2522 7 the the DT 34457 2522 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2522 9 point point NN 34457 2522 10 of of IN 34457 2522 11 each each DT 34457 2522 12 of of IN 34457 2522 13 the the DT 34457 2522 14 components component NNS 34457 2522 15 is be VBZ 34457 2522 16 lowered lower VBN 34457 2522 17 by by IN 34457 2522 18 the the DT 34457 2522 19 addition addition NN 34457 2522 20 of of IN 34457 2522 21 the the DT 34457 2522 22 other other JJ 34457 2522 23 , , , 34457 2522 24 until until IN 34457 2522 25 at at IN 34457 2522 26 last last JJ 34457 2522 27 a a DT 34457 2522 28 point point NN 34457 2522 29 is be VBZ 34457 2522 30 reached reach VBN 34457 2522 31 at at IN 34457 2522 32 which which WDT 34457 2522 33 the the DT 34457 2522 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2522 35 solution solution NN 34457 2522 36 solidifies solidifie NNS 34457 2522 37 to to IN 34457 2522 38 a a DT 34457 2522 39 mixture mixture NN 34457 2522 40 or or CC 34457 2522 41 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2522 42 of of IN 34457 2522 43 two two CD 34457 2522 44 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2522 45 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2522 46 . . . 34457 2523 1 Examples.--Curves Examples.--Curves NNP 34457 2523 2 belonging belong VBG 34457 2523 3 to to IN 34457 2523 4 this this DT 34457 2523 5 class class NN 34457 2523 6 have have VBP 34457 2523 7 been be VBN 34457 2523 8 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2523 9 in in IN 34457 2523 10 the the DT 34457 2523 11 case case NN 34457 2523 12 of of IN 34457 2523 13 potassium potassium NN 34457 2523 14 and and CC 34457 2523 15 thallium thallium NN 34457 2523 16 nitrates[275 nitrates[275 . 34457 2523 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2523 18 and and CC 34457 2523 19 of of IN 34457 2523 20 naphthalene naphthalene NN 34457 2523 21 and and CC 34457 2523 22 monochloracetic monochloracetic JJ 34457 2523 23 acid acid NN 34457 2523 24 . . . 34457 2524 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2524 2 276 276 CD 34457 2524 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2524 4 The the DT 34457 2524 5 data datum NNS 34457 2524 6 for for IN 34457 2524 7 the the DT 34457 2524 8 latter latter JJ 34457 2524 9 are be VBP 34457 2524 10 given give VBN 34457 2524 11 in in IN 34457 2524 12 the the DT 34457 2524 13 following follow VBG 34457 2524 14 table table NN 34457 2524 15 and and CC 34457 2524 16 represented represent VBD 34457 2524 17 in in IN 34457 2524 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2524 19 . . . 34457 2525 1 56:-- 56:-- CD 34457 2525 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CD 34457 2525 3 | | NNP 34457 2525 4 Liquid Liquid NNP 34457 2525 5 solution solution NN 34457 2525 6 . . . 34457 2526 1 | | JJ 34457 2526 2 Solid solid JJ 34457 2526 3 solution solution NN 34457 2526 4 . . . 34457 2527 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 2527 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2527 3 . . . 34457 2528 1 | | NNP 34457 2528 2 | | CD 34457 2528 3 | | CD 34457 2528 4 | | CD 34457 2528 5 | | CD 34457 2528 6 Per per IN 34457 2528 7 cent cent NN 34457 2528 8 . . . 34457 2529 1 | | NNP 34457 2529 2 Per Per NNP 34457 2529 3 cent cent NN 34457 2529 4 . . . 34457 2530 1 | | NNP 34457 2530 2 Per Per NNP 34457 2530 3 cent cent NN 34457 2530 4 . . . 34457 2531 1 | | NNP 34457 2531 2 Per Per NNP 34457 2531 3 cent cent NN 34457 2531 4 . . . 34457 2532 1 | | JJ 34457 2532 2 naphthalene naphthalene NN 34457 2532 3 . . . 34457 2533 1 | | JJ 34457 2533 2 acid acid NN 34457 2533 3 . . . 34457 2534 1 | | JJ 34457 2534 2 naphthalene naphthalene NN 34457 2534 3 . . . 34457 2535 1 | | JJ 34457 2535 2 acid acid NN 34457 2535 3 . . . 34457 2536 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2536 2 62 62â CD 34457 2536 3 ° ° , 34457 2536 4 | | NNP 34457 2536 5 -- -- : 34457 2536 6 | | NNP 34457 2536 7 100 100 CD 34457 2536 8 | | CD 34457 2536 9 -- -- : 34457 2536 10 | | CD 34457 2536 11 100 100 CD 34457 2536 12 60 60â CD 34457 2536 13 ° ° , 34457 2536 14 | | CD 34457 2536 15 4.0 4.0 CD 34457 2536 16 | | CD 34457 2536 17 96.0 96.0 CD 34457 2536 18 | | CD 34457 2536 19 1.7 1.7 CD 34457 2536 20 | | CD 34457 2536 21 98.3 98.3 CD 34457 2536 22 55 55 NNP 34457 2536 23 ° ° , 34457 2536 24 | | CD 34457 2536 25 21.0 21.0 CD 34457 2536 26 | | CD 34457 2536 27 79.0 79.0 CD 34457 2536 28 | | CD 34457 2536 29 2.1 2.1 CD 34457 2536 30 | | CD 34457 2536 31 97.9 97.9 CD 34457 2536 32 53.5 53.5â CD 34457 2536 33 ° ° , 34457 2536 34 | | CD 34457 2536 35 29.4 29.4 CD 34457 2536 36 | | CD 34457 2536 37 70.0 70.0 CD 34457 2536 38 | | CD 34457 2536 39 -- -- : 34457 2536 40 | | NNP 34457 2536 41 -- -- : 34457 2536 42 55 55 NNP 34457 2536 43 ° ° , 34457 2536 44 | | CD 34457 2536 45 31.3 31.3 CD 34457 2536 46 | | CD 34457 2536 47 68.7 68.7 CD 34457 2536 48 | | CD 34457 2536 49 59.6 59.6 CD 34457 2536 50 | | CD 34457 2536 51 40.4 40.4 CD 34457 2536 52 60 60â CD 34457 2536 53 ° ° , 34457 2536 54 | | CD 34457 2536 55 42.4 42.4 CD 34457 2536 56 | | CD 34457 2536 57 57.6 57.6 CD 34457 2536 58 | | CD 34457 2536 59 80.3 80.3 CD 34457 2536 60 | | CD 34457 2536 61 19.7 19.7 CD 34457 2536 62 65 65 NNP 34457 2536 63 ° ° , 34457 2536 64 | | CD 34457 2536 65 53.3 53.3 CD 34457 2536 66 | | CD 34457 2536 67 46.7 46.7 CD 34457 2536 68 | | CD 34457 2536 69 89.2 89.2 CD 34457 2536 70 | | CD 34457 2536 71 10.8 10.8 CD 34457 2536 72 70 70â CD 34457 2536 73 ° ° , 34457 2536 74 | | CD 34457 2536 75 69.7 69.7 CD 34457 2536 76 | | CD 34457 2536 77 2.3 2.3 CD 34457 2536 78 | | CD 34457 2536 79 95.4 95.4 CD 34457 2536 80 | | CD 34457 2536 81 4.6 4.6 CD 34457 2536 82 75 75â CD 34457 2536 83 ° ° , 34457 2536 84 | | CD 34457 2536 85 84.4 84.4 CD 34457 2536 86 | | CD 34457 2536 87 15.6 15.6 CD 34457 2536 88 | | CD 34457 2536 89 96.6 96.6 CD 34457 2536 90 | | CD 34457 2536 91 3.4 3.4 CD 34457 2536 92 79.9 79.9â CD 34457 2536 93 ° ° , 34457 2536 94 | | NNP 34457 2536 95 100 100 CD 34457 2536 96 | | CD 34457 2536 97 -- -- : 34457 2536 98 | | CD 34457 2536 99 100 100 CD 34457 2536 100 | | CD 34457 2536 101 -- -- : 34457 2536 102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2536 103 At at IN 34457 2536 104 the the DT 34457 2536 105 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2536 106 point point NN 34457 2536 107 the the DT 34457 2536 108 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2536 109 solution solution NN 34457 2536 110 is be VBZ 34457 2536 111 in in IN 34457 2536 112 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2536 113 with with IN 34457 2536 114 two two CD 34457 2536 115 different different JJ 34457 2536 116 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2536 117 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2536 118 the the DT 34457 2536 119 composition composition NN 34457 2536 120 of of IN 34457 2536 121 which which WDT 34457 2536 122 is be VBZ 34457 2536 123 represented represent VBN 34457 2536 124 by by IN 34457 2536 125 D d NN 34457 2536 126 and and CC 34457 2536 127 E e NN 34457 2536 128 respectively respectively RB 34457 2536 129 . . . 34457 2537 1 If if IN 34457 2537 2 , , , 34457 2537 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 2537 4 , , , 34457 2537 5 a a DT 34457 2537 6 fused fuse VBN 34457 2537 7 mixture mixture NN 34457 2537 8 containing contain VBG 34457 2537 9 the the DT 34457 2537 10 two two CD 34457 2537 11 components component NNS 34457 2537 12 A a NN 34457 2537 13 and and CC 34457 2537 14 B b NN 34457 2537 15 in in IN 34457 2537 16 the the DT 34457 2537 17 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2537 18 represented represent VBN 34457 2537 19 by by IN 34457 2537 20 C C NNP 34457 2537 21 is be VBZ 34457 2537 22 cooled cool VBN 34457 2537 23 down down RP 34457 2537 24 , , , 34457 2537 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2537 26 will will MD 34457 2537 27 , , , 34457 2537 28 when when WRB 34457 2537 29 the the DT 34457 2537 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 2537 31 has have VBZ 34457 2537 32 reached reach VBN 34457 2537 33 the the DT 34457 2537 34 point point NN 34457 2537 35 C c NN 34457 2537 36 , , , 34457 2537 37 solidify solidify VB 34457 2537 38 completely completely RB 34457 2537 39 to to IN 34457 2537 40 a a DT 34457 2537 41 _ _ NNP 34457 2537 42 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2537 43 _ _ NNP 34457 2537 44 of of IN 34457 2537 45 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2537 46 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2537 47 , , , 34457 2537 48 D D NNP 34457 2537 49 and and CC 34457 2537 50 E. E. NNP 34457 2537 51 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2537 52 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2537 53 : : : 34457 2537 54 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2537 55 . . . 34457 2538 1 57 57 CD 34457 2538 2 . . . 34457 2538 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2539 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2539 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2539 3 : : : 34457 2539 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2539 5 . . . 34457 2540 1 58 58 CD 34457 2540 2 . . . 34457 2540 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2541 1 Changes change NNS 34457 2541 2 in in IN 34457 2541 3 Mixed mixed JJ 34457 2541 4 Crystals Crystals NNPS 34457 2541 5 with with IN 34457 2541 6 the the DT 34457 2541 7 Temperature.--In Temperature.--In NNP 34457 2541 8 the the DT 34457 2541 9 case case NN 34457 2541 10 of of IN 34457 2541 11 the the DT 34457 2541 12 different different JJ 34457 2541 13 types type NNS 34457 2541 14 of of IN 34457 2541 15 systems system NNS 34457 2541 16 represented represent VBN 34457 2541 17 in in IN 34457 2541 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2541 19 . . . 34457 2542 1 49 49 CD 34457 2542 2 , , , 34457 2542 3 a a DT 34457 2542 4 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2542 5 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2542 6 solution solution NN 34457 2542 7 of of IN 34457 2542 8 the the DT 34457 2542 9 two two CD 34457 2542 10 components component NNS 34457 2542 11 will will MD 34457 2542 12 exist exist VB 34457 2542 13 at at IN 34457 2542 14 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2542 15 above above IN 34457 2542 16 the the DT 34457 2542 17 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2542 18 - - HYPH 34457 2542 19 point point NN 34457 2542 20 curve curve NN 34457 2542 21 , , , 34457 2542 22 a a DT 34457 2542 23 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2542 24 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2542 25 crystal crystal NN 34457 2542 26 at at IN 34457 2542 27 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2542 28 below below IN 34457 2542 29 the the DT 34457 2542 30 melting melt VBG 34457 2542 31 - - HYPH 34457 2542 32 point point NN 34457 2542 33 curve curve NN 34457 2542 34 , , , 34457 2542 35 while while IN 34457 2542 36 at at IN 34457 2542 37 any any DT 34457 2542 38 point point NN 34457 2542 39 between between IN 34457 2542 40 the the DT 34457 2542 41 freezing freezing NN 34457 2542 42 - - HYPH 34457 2542 43 point point NN 34457 2542 44 and and CC 34457 2542 45 melting melting NN 34457 2542 46 - - HYPH 34457 2542 47 point point NN 34457 2542 48 { { -LRB- 34457 2542 49 193 193 CD 34457 2542 50 } } -RRB- 34457 2542 51 curves curve VBZ 34457 2542 52 the the DT 34457 2542 53 mixture mixture NN 34457 2542 54 will will MD 34457 2542 55 separate separate VB 34457 2542 56 into into IN 34457 2542 57 a a DT 34457 2542 58 solid solid JJ 34457 2542 59 phase phase NN 34457 2542 60 and and CC 34457 2542 61 a a DT 34457 2542 62 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2542 63 phase phase NN 34457 2542 64 . . . 34457 2543 1 In in IN 34457 2543 2 the the DT 34457 2543 3 case case NN 34457 2543 4 , , , 34457 2543 5 however however RB 34457 2543 6 , , , 34457 2543 7 of of IN 34457 2543 8 the the DT 34457 2543 9 two two CD 34457 2543 10 types type NNS 34457 2543 11 shown show VBN 34457 2543 12 in in IN 34457 2543 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2543 14 . . . 34457 2544 1 54 54 CD 34457 2544 2 the the DT 34457 2544 3 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2544 4 are be VBP 34457 2544 5 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 2544 6 more more RBR 34457 2544 7 complicated complicated JJ 34457 2544 8 . . . 34457 2545 1 As as IN 34457 2545 2 before before RB 34457 2545 3 , , , 34457 2545 4 the the DT 34457 2545 5 area area NN 34457 2545 6 above above IN 34457 2545 7 the the DT 34457 2545 8 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2545 9 - - HYPH 34457 2545 10 point point NN 34457 2545 11 curve curve NN 34457 2545 12 gives give VBZ 34457 2545 13 the the DT 34457 2545 14 conditions condition NNS 34457 2545 15 under under IN 34457 2545 16 which which WDT 34457 2545 17 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2545 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2545 19 solutions solution NNS 34457 2545 20 can can MD 34457 2545 21 exist exist VB 34457 2545 22 ; ; : 34457 2545 23 but but CC 34457 2545 24 below below IN 34457 2545 25 the the DT 34457 2545 26 melting melt VBG 34457 2545 27 - - HYPH 34457 2545 28 point point NN 34457 2545 29 curve curve NN 34457 2545 30 two two CD 34457 2545 31 different different JJ 34457 2545 32 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2545 33 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2545 34 can can MD 34457 2545 35 coexist coexist VB 34457 2545 36 . . . 34457 2546 1 This this DT 34457 2546 2 will will MD 34457 2546 3 be be VB 34457 2546 4 best best RB 34457 2546 5 understood understand VBN 34457 2546 6 from from IN 34457 2546 7 Figs Figs NNP 34457 2546 8 . . . 34457 2547 1 57 57 CD 34457 2547 2 and and CC 34457 2547 3 58 58 CD 34457 2547 4 . . . 34457 2548 1 D d NN 34457 2548 2 and and CC 34457 2548 3 E e NN 34457 2548 4 represent represent NN 34457 2548 5 , , , 34457 2548 6 as as IN 34457 2548 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2548 8 have have VBP 34457 2548 9 seen see VBN 34457 2548 10 , , , 34457 2548 11 the the DT 34457 2548 12 composition composition NN 34457 2548 13 of of IN 34457 2548 14 two two CD 34457 2548 15 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2548 16 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2548 17 which which WDT 34457 2548 18 are be VBP 34457 2548 19 in in IN 34457 2548 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2548 21 with with IN 34457 2548 22 the the DT 34457 2548 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2548 24 solution solution NN 34457 2548 25 at at IN 34457 2548 26 the the DT 34457 2548 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 2548 28 of of IN 34457 2548 29 the the DT 34457 2548 30 point point NN 34457 2548 31 C. C. NNP 34457 2548 32 These these DT 34457 2548 33 two two CD 34457 2548 34 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2548 35 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2548 36 represent represent VBP 34457 2548 37 , , , 34457 2548 38 in in IN 34457 2548 39 the the DT 34457 2548 40 one one CD 34457 2548 41 case case NN 34457 2548 42 , , , 34457 2548 43 a a DT 34457 2548 44 saturated saturate VBN 34457 2548 45 solution solution NN 34457 2548 46 of of IN 34457 2548 47 B b NN 34457 2548 48 in in IN 34457 2548 49 A a NN 34457 2548 50 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2548 51 point point NN 34457 2548 52 D d NN 34457 2548 53 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2548 54 , , , 34457 2548 55 and and CC 34457 2548 56 the the DT 34457 2548 57 other other JJ 34457 2548 58 a a DT 34457 2548 59 saturated saturate VBN 34457 2548 60 solution solution NN 34457 2548 61 of of IN 34457 2548 62 A a NN 34457 2548 63 in in IN 34457 2548 64 B b NN 34457 2548 65 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2548 66 point point NN 34457 2548 67 E e NN 34457 2548 68 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2548 69 . . . 34457 2549 1 Just just RB 34457 2549 2 as as IN 34457 2549 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2549 4 saw see VBD 34457 2549 5 that that IN 34457 2549 6 the the DT 34457 2549 7 mutual mutual JJ 34457 2549 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 2549 9 of of IN 34457 2549 10 two two CD 34457 2549 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2549 12 varied vary VBN 34457 2549 13 with with IN 34457 2549 14 the the DT 34457 2549 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 2549 16 , , , 34457 2549 17 so so RB 34457 2549 18 also also RB 34457 2549 19 in in IN 34457 2549 20 the the DT 34457 2549 21 case case NN 34457 2549 22 of of IN 34457 2549 23 two two CD 34457 2549 24 solids solid NNS 34457 2549 25 ; ; : 34457 2549 26 as as IN 34457 2549 27 the the DT 34457 2549 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 2549 29 alters alter NNS 34457 2549 30 , , , 34457 2549 31 the the DT 34457 2549 32 solubility solubility NN 34457 2549 33 of of IN 34457 2549 34 the the DT 34457 2549 35 two two CD 34457 2549 36 solid solid JJ 34457 2549 37 components component NNS 34457 2549 38 in in IN 34457 2549 39 one one CD 34457 2549 40 another another DT 34457 2549 41 will will MD 34457 2549 42 change change VB 34457 2549 43 . . . 34457 2550 1 This this DT 34457 2550 2 alteration alteration NN 34457 2550 3 is be VBZ 34457 2550 4 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2550 5 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 2550 6 in in IN 34457 2550 7 Figs Figs NNP 34457 2550 8 . . . 34457 2551 1 57 57 CD 34457 2551 2 and and CC 34457 2551 3 58 58 CD 34457 2551 4 by by IN 34457 2551 5 the the DT 34457 2551 6 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2551 7 curve curve NN 34457 2551 8 similar similar JJ 34457 2551 9 to to IN 34457 2551 10 the the DT 34457 2551 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 2551 12 curves curve VBZ 34457 2551 13 for for IN 34457 2551 14 two two CD 34457 2551 15 mutually mutually RB 34457 2551 16 soluble soluble JJ 34457 2551 17 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2551 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2551 19 p. p. NN 34457 2551 20 101 101 CD 34457 2551 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2551 22 . . . 34457 2552 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2552 2 , , , 34457 2552 3 now now RB 34457 2552 4 , , , 34457 2552 5 that that IN 34457 2552 6 a a DT 34457 2552 7 mixed mix VBN 34457 2552 8 crystal crystal NN 34457 2552 9 of of IN 34457 2552 10 the the DT 34457 2552 11 composition composition NN 34457 2552 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 13 x x NNP 34457 2552 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 15 is be VBZ 34457 2552 16 cooled cool VBN 34457 2552 17 down down RP 34457 2552 18 , , , 34457 2552 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2552 20 will will MD 34457 2552 21 remain remain VB 34457 2552 22 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2552 23 until until IN 34457 2552 24 , , , 34457 2552 25 when when WRB 34457 2552 26 the the DT 34457 2552 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 2552 28 has have VBZ 34457 2552 29 fallen fall VBN 34457 2552 30 to to IN 34457 2552 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 32 t t NNP 34457 2552 33 ' ' '' 34457 2552 34 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 35 , , , 34457 2552 36 the the DT 34457 2552 37 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2552 38 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2552 39 crystal crystal NN 34457 2552 40 breaks break VBZ 34457 2552 41 up up RP 34457 2552 42 into into IN 34457 2552 43 a a DT 34457 2552 44 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2552 45 of of IN 34457 2552 46 two two CD 34457 2552 47 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2552 48 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2552 49 the the DT 34457 2552 50 composition composition NN 34457 2552 51 of of IN 34457 2552 52 { { -LRB- 34457 2552 53 194 194 CD 34457 2552 54 } } -RRB- 34457 2552 55 which which WDT 34457 2552 56 is be VBZ 34457 2552 57 represented represent VBN 34457 2552 58 by by IN 34457 2552 59 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 60 x x NNP 34457 2552 61 ' ' '' 34457 2552 62 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 63 and and CC 34457 2552 64 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 65 x x SYM 34457 2552 66 " " `` 34457 2552 67 _ _ NNP 34457 2552 68 respectively respectively RB 34457 2552 69 . . . 34457 2553 1 From from IN 34457 2553 2 this this DT 34457 2553 3 , , , 34457 2553 4 then then RB 34457 2553 5 , , , 34457 2553 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2553 7 can can MD 34457 2553 8 be be VB 34457 2553 9 seen see VBN 34457 2553 10 that that IN 34457 2553 11 in in IN 34457 2553 12 the the DT 34457 2553 13 case case NN 34457 2553 14 of of IN 34457 2553 15 substances substance NNS 34457 2553 16 which which WDT 34457 2553 17 form form VBP 34457 2553 18 two two CD 34457 2553 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2553 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 2553 21 , , , 34457 2553 22 the the DT 34457 2553 23 mixed mix VBN 34457 2553 24 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2553 25 which which WDT 34457 2553 26 are be VBP 34457 2553 27 desposited desposite VBN 34457 2553 28 from from IN 34457 2553 29 the the DT 34457 2553 30 liquid liquid NN 34457 2553 31 fused fuse VBN 34457 2553 32 mass mass NN 34457 2553 33 need need NN 34457 2553 34 not not RB 34457 2553 35 remain remain VB 34457 2553 36 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2553 37 in in IN 34457 2553 38 the the DT 34457 2553 39 solid solid JJ 34457 2553 40 state state NN 34457 2553 41 , , , 34457 2553 42 but but CC 34457 2553 43 may may MD 34457 2553 44 at at IN 34457 2553 45 some some DT 34457 2553 46 lower low JJR 34457 2553 47 temperature temperature NN 34457 2553 48 lose lose VBP 34457 2553 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2553 50 homogeneity homogeneity NN 34457 2553 51 . . . 34457 2554 1 This this DT 34457 2554 2 fact fact NN 34457 2554 3 is be VBZ 34457 2554 4 of of IN 34457 2554 5 considerable considerable JJ 34457 2554 6 importance importance NN 34457 2554 7 for for IN 34457 2554 8 the the DT 34457 2554 9 formation formation NN 34457 2554 10 of of IN 34457 2554 11 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2554 12 . . . 34457 2555 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2555 2 277 277 CD 34457 2555 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2555 4 A a DT 34457 2555 5 good good JJ 34457 2555 6 example example NN 34457 2555 7 of of IN 34457 2555 8 this this DT 34457 2555 9 will will MD 34457 2555 10 soon soon RB 34457 2555 11 be be VB 34457 2555 12 met meet VBN 34457 2555 13 with with IN 34457 2555 14 in in IN 34457 2555 15 the the DT 34457 2555 16 case case NN 34457 2555 17 of of IN 34457 2555 18 the the DT 34457 2555 19 iron iron NN 34457 2555 20 and and CC 34457 2555 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 2555 22 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2555 23 . . . 34457 2556 1 The the DT 34457 2556 2 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2556 3 of of IN 34457 2556 4 copper copper NN 34457 2556 5 and and CC 34457 2556 6 tin tin NN 34457 2556 7 also also RB 34457 2556 8 furnish furnish JJ 34457 2556 9 examples example NNS 34457 2556 10 of of IN 34457 2556 11 the the DT 34457 2556 12 great great JJ 34457 2556 13 changes change NNS 34457 2556 14 which which WDT 34457 2556 15 may may MD 34457 2556 16 take take VB 34457 2556 17 place place NN 34457 2556 18 in in IN 34457 2556 19 the the DT 34457 2556 20 alloy alloy NN 34457 2556 21 between between IN 34457 2556 22 the the DT 34457 2556 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2556 24 at at IN 34457 2556 25 which which WDT 34457 2556 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2556 27 separates separate VBZ 34457 2556 28 out out RP 34457 2556 29 from from IN 34457 2556 30 the the DT 34457 2556 31 fused fuse VBN 34457 2556 32 mass mass NN 34457 2556 33 and and CC 34457 2556 34 the the DT 34457 2556 35 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 2556 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 2556 37 . . . 34457 2557 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2557 2 , , , 34457 2557 3 for for IN 34457 2557 4 example example NN 34457 2557 5 , , , 34457 2557 6 one one CD 34457 2557 7 of of IN 34457 2557 8 the the DT 34457 2557 9 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2557 10 of of IN 34457 2557 11 copper copper NN 34457 2557 12 and and CC 34457 2557 13 tin tin NN 34457 2557 14 which which WDT 34457 2557 15 separates separate VBZ 34457 2557 16 out out RP 34457 2557 17 from from IN 34457 2557 18 the the DT 34457 2557 19 liquid liquid NN 34457 2557 20 as as IN 34457 2557 21 a a DT 34457 2557 22 solid solid JJ 34457 2557 23 solution solution NN 34457 2557 24 breaks break VBZ 34457 2557 25 up up RP 34457 2557 26 , , , 34457 2557 27 on on IN 34457 2557 28 cooling cooling NN 34457 2557 29 , , , 34457 2557 30 into into IN 34457 2557 31 the the DT 34457 2557 32 compound compound NN 34457 2557 33 Cu_{3}Sn Cu_{3}Sn : 34457 2557 34 and and CC 34457 2557 35 liquid:[278 liquid:[278 VBD 34457 2557 36 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2557 37 a a DT 34457 2557 38 striking striking JJ 34457 2557 39 example example NN 34457 2557 40 of of IN 34457 2557 41 a a DT 34457 2557 42 solid solid JJ 34457 2557 43 substance substance NN 34457 2557 44 partially partially RB 34457 2557 45 liquefying liquefy VBG 34457 2557 46 on on IN 34457 2557 47 being be VBG 34457 2557 48 cooled cool VBN 34457 2557 49 . . . 34457 2558 1 * * NFP 34457 2558 2 * * NFP 34457 2558 3 * * NFP 34457 2558 4 * * NFP 34457 2558 5 * * NFP 34457 2558 6 { { -LRB- 34457 2558 7 195 195 CD 34457 2558 8 } } -RRB- 34457 2558 9 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 2558 10 XI XI NNP 34457 2558 11 EQUILIBRIUM equilibrium NN 34457 2558 12 BETWEEN between IN 34457 2558 13 DYNAMIC dynamic NN 34457 2558 14 ISOMERIDES isomeride NNS 34457 2558 15 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2558 16 has have VBZ 34457 2558 17 long long RB 34457 2558 18 been be VBN 34457 2558 19 known know VBN 34457 2558 20 that that IN 34457 2558 21 certain certain JJ 34457 2558 22 substances substance NNS 34457 2558 23 , , , 34457 2558 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2558 25 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 2558 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2558 27 acetoacetic acetoacetic JJ 34457 2558 28 ester ester NN 34457 2558 29 , , , 34457 2558 30 are be VBP 34457 2558 31 capable capable JJ 34457 2558 32 when when WRB 34457 2558 33 in in IN 34457 2558 34 solution solution NN 34457 2558 35 or or CC 34457 2558 36 in in IN 34457 2558 37 the the DT 34457 2558 38 fused fuse VBN 34457 2558 39 state state NN 34457 2558 40 , , , 34457 2558 41 of of IN 34457 2558 42 reacting react VBG 34457 2558 43 as as IN 34457 2558 44 if if IN 34457 2558 45 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2558 46 possessed possess VBD 34457 2558 47 two two CD 34457 2558 48 different different JJ 34457 2558 49 constitutions constitution NNS 34457 2558 50 ; ; : 34457 2558 51 and and CC 34457 2558 52 in in IN 34457 2558 53 order order NN 34457 2558 54 to to TO 34457 2558 55 explain explain VB 34457 2558 56 this this DT 34457 2558 57 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2558 58 the the DT 34457 2558 59 view view NN 34457 2558 60 was be VBD 34457 2558 61 advanced advance VBN 34457 2558 62 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2558 63 by by IN 34457 2558 64 Laar Laar NNP 34457 2558 65 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2558 66 that that IN 34457 2558 67 in in IN 34457 2558 68 such such JJ 34457 2558 69 cases case NNS 34457 2558 70 a a DT 34457 2558 71 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2558 72 atom atom NN 34457 2558 73 oscillated oscillate VBD 34457 2558 74 between between IN 34457 2558 75 two two CD 34457 2558 76 positions position NNS 34457 2558 77 in in IN 34457 2558 78 the the DT 34457 2558 79 molecule molecule NN 34457 2558 80 , , , 34457 2558 81 being be VBG 34457 2558 82 at at IN 34457 2558 83 one one CD 34457 2558 84 time time NN 34457 2558 85 attached attach VBN 34457 2558 86 to to IN 34457 2558 87 oxygen oxygen NN 34457 2558 88 , , , 34457 2558 89 at at IN 34457 2558 90 another another DT 34457 2558 91 time time NN 34457 2558 92 to to IN 34457 2558 93 carbon carbon NN 34457 2558 94 , , , 34457 2558 95 as as IN 34457 2558 96 represented represent VBN 34457 2558 97 by by IN 34457 2558 98 the the DT 34457 2558 99 formula-- formula-- NNP 34457 2558 100 CH_{3}.C CH_{3}.C NNP 34457 2558 101 -- -- : 34457 2558 102 CH.CO_{2}C_{2}H_{5 CH.CO_{2}C_{2}H_{5 NNP 34457 2558 103 } } -RRB- 34457 2558 104 . . . 34457 2559 1 ^ ^ FW 34457 2559 2 . . . 34457 2560 1 | | NNP 34457 2560 2 O<-H O<-H `` 34457 2560 3 When when WRB 34457 2560 4 the the DT 34457 2560 5 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2560 6 is be VBZ 34457 2560 7 in in IN 34457 2560 8 one one CD 34457 2560 9 position position NN 34457 2560 10 , , , 34457 2560 11 the the DT 34457 2560 12 substance substance NN 34457 2560 13 will will MD 34457 2560 14 act act VB 34457 2560 15 as as IN 34457 2560 16 an an DT 34457 2560 17 hydroxy hydroxy NN 34457 2560 18 - - HYPH 34457 2560 19 compound compound NN 34457 2560 20 ; ; : 34457 2560 21 with with IN 34457 2560 22 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 2560 23 in in IN 34457 2560 24 the the DT 34457 2560 25 other other JJ 34457 2560 26 position position NN 34457 2560 27 , , , 34457 2560 28 as as IN 34457 2560 29 a a DT 34457 2560 30 ketone ketone NN 34457 2560 31 . . . 34457 2561 1 Substances substance NNS 34457 2561 2 possessing possess VBG 34457 2561 3 this this DT 34457 2561 4 double double JJ 34457 2561 5 function function NN 34457 2561 6 are be VBP 34457 2561 7 called call VBN 34457 2561 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2561 9 tautomeric tautomeric NN 34457 2561 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2561 11 . . . 34457 2562 1 Doubt doubt NN 34457 2562 2 , , , 34457 2562 3 however however RB 34457 2562 4 , , , 34457 2562 5 arose arise VBD 34457 2562 6 as as IN 34457 2562 7 to to IN 34457 2562 8 the the DT 34457 2562 9 validity validity NN 34457 2562 10 of of IN 34457 2562 11 the the DT 34457 2562 12 above above JJ 34457 2562 13 explanation explanation NN 34457 2562 14 , , , 34457 2562 15 and and CC 34457 2562 16 this this DT 34457 2562 17 doubt doubt NN 34457 2562 18 was be VBD 34457 2562 19 confirmed confirm VBN 34457 2562 20 by by IN 34457 2562 21 the the DT 34457 2562 22 isolation isolation NN 34457 2562 23 of of IN 34457 2562 24 the the DT 34457 2562 25 two two CD 34457 2562 26 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2562 27 in in IN 34457 2562 28 the the DT 34457 2562 29 solid solid JJ 34457 2562 30 state state NN 34457 2562 31 , , , 34457 2562 32 and and CC 34457 2562 33 also also RB 34457 2562 34 by by IN 34457 2562 35 the the DT 34457 2562 36 fact fact NN 34457 2562 37 that that IN 34457 2562 38 the the DT 34457 2562 39 velocity velocity NN 34457 2562 40 of of IN 34457 2562 41 change change NN 34457 2562 42 of of IN 34457 2562 43 the the DT 34457 2562 44 one one CD 34457 2562 45 isomeride isomeride NN 34457 2562 46 into into IN 34457 2562 47 the the DT 34457 2562 48 other other JJ 34457 2562 49 could could NN 34457 2562 50 in in IN 34457 2562 51 some some DT 34457 2562 52 cases case NNS 34457 2562 53 be be VB 34457 2562 54 quantitatively quantitatively RB 34457 2562 55 measured measure VBN 34457 2562 56 . . . 34457 2563 1 These these DT 34457 2563 2 and and CC 34457 2563 3 other other JJ 34457 2563 4 observations observation NNS 34457 2563 5 then then RB 34457 2563 6 led lead VBD 34457 2563 7 to to IN 34457 2563 8 the the DT 34457 2563 9 view view NN 34457 2563 10 , , , 34457 2563 11 in in IN 34457 2563 12 harmony harmony NN 34457 2563 13 with with IN 34457 2563 14 the the DT 34457 2563 15 laws law NNS 34457 2563 16 of of IN 34457 2563 17 chemical chemical NN 34457 2563 18 dynamics dynamic NNS 34457 2563 19 , , , 34457 2563 20 that that IN 34457 2563 21 tautomeric tautomeric JJ 34457 2563 22 substances substance NNS 34457 2563 23 in in IN 34457 2563 24 the the DT 34457 2563 25 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 2563 26 or or CC 34457 2563 27 fused fuse VBN 34457 2563 28 state state NN 34457 2563 29 represent represent VBP 34457 2563 30 a a DT 34457 2563 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2563 32 mixture mixture NN 34457 2563 33 _ _ NNP 34457 2563 34 of of IN 34457 2563 35 two two CD 34457 2563 36 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2563 37 forms form NNS 34457 2563 38 , , , 34457 2563 39 and and CC 34457 2563 40 that that IN 34457 2563 41 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2563 42 is be VBZ 34457 2563 43 established establish VBN 34457 2563 44 not not RB 34457 2563 45 by by IN 34457 2563 46 _ _ NNP 34457 2563 47 intra_- intra_- UH 34457 2563 48 but but CC 34457 2563 49 by by IN 34457 2563 50 _ _ NNP 34457 2563 51 inter_-molecular inter_-molecular NNP 34457 2563 52 change change NN 34457 2563 53 , , , 34457 2563 54 as as IN 34457 2563 55 expressed express VBN 34457 2563 56 by by IN 34457 2563 57 the the DT 34457 2563 58 equation-- equation-- NNP 34457 2563 59 CH_{3}.CO.CH_{2}.CO_{2}C_{2}H_{5 CH_{3}.CO.CH_{2}.CO_{2}C_{2}H_{5 NNP 34457 2563 60 } } -RRB- 34457 2563 61 < < XX 34457 2563 62 -- -- : 34457 2563 63 > > XX 34457 2563 64 CH_{3}.C(OH):CH.CO_{2}C_{2}H_{5 CH_{3}.C(OH):CH.CO_{2}C_{2}H_{5 NNP 34457 2563 65 } } -RRB- 34457 2563 66 { { -LRB- 34457 2563 67 196 196 CD 34457 2563 68 } } -RRB- 34457 2563 69 In in IN 34457 2563 70 the the DT 34457 2563 71 solid solid JJ 34457 2563 72 state state NN 34457 2563 73 , , , 34457 2563 74 the the DT 34457 2563 75 one one CD 34457 2563 76 or or CC 34457 2563 77 other other JJ 34457 2563 78 of of IN 34457 2563 79 the the DT 34457 2563 80 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2563 81 represents represent VBZ 34457 2563 82 the the DT 34457 2563 83 stable stable JJ 34457 2563 84 form form NN 34457 2563 85 ; ; : 34457 2563 86 but but CC 34457 2563 87 in in IN 34457 2563 88 the the DT 34457 2563 89 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2563 90 state state NN 34457 2563 91 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2563 92 solution solution NN 34457 2563 93 or or CC 34457 2563 94 fusion fusion NN 34457 2563 95 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2563 96 the the DT 34457 2563 97 stable stable JJ 34457 2563 98 condition condition NN 34457 2563 99 is be VBZ 34457 2563 100 an an DT 34457 2563 101 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2563 102 between between IN 34457 2563 103 the the DT 34457 2563 104 two two CD 34457 2563 105 forms form NNS 34457 2563 106 . . . 34457 2564 1 A a DT 34457 2564 2 similar similar JJ 34457 2564 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2564 4 is be VBZ 34457 2564 5 also also RB 34457 2564 6 found find VBN 34457 2564 7 in in IN 34457 2564 8 the the DT 34457 2564 9 case case NN 34457 2564 10 of of IN 34457 2564 11 other other JJ 34457 2564 12 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2564 13 substances substance NNS 34457 2564 14 where where WRB 34457 2564 15 the the DT 34457 2564 16 isomerism isomerism NN 34457 2564 17 is be VBZ 34457 2564 18 due due JJ 34457 2564 19 to to IN 34457 2564 20 difference difference NN 34457 2564 21 of of IN 34457 2564 22 structure structure NN 34457 2564 23 , , , 34457 2564 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 25 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2564 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 27 structure structure NN 34457 2564 28 isomerism isomerism NN 34457 2564 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2564 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 31 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 2564 32 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 33 in in IN 34457 2564 34 the the DT 34457 2564 35 case case NN 34457 2564 36 of of IN 34457 2564 37 the the DT 34457 2564 38 oximes oxime NNS 34457 2564 39 C_{6}H_{5}.C.H c_{6}h_{5}.c.h CD 34457 2564 40 C_{6}H_{5}.C.H c_{6}h_{5}.c.h CD 34457 2564 41 || || NNP 34457 2564 42 and and CC 34457 2564 43 || || NNP 34457 2564 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2564 45 , , , 34457 2564 46 N.OH N.OH NNP 34457 2564 47 HO.N HO.N NNP 34457 2564 48 or or CC 34457 2564 49 to to TO 34457 2564 50 difference difference VB 34457 2564 51 in in IN 34457 2564 52 configuration configuration NN 34457 2564 53 , , , 34457 2564 54 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 55 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2564 56 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 57 stereoisomerism stereoisomerism NN 34457 2564 58 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2564 59 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 60 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 2564 61 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 62 optically optically RB 34457 2564 63 active active JJ 34457 2564 64 substances substance NNS 34457 2564 65 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2564 66 , , , 34457 2564 67 or or CC 34457 2564 68 to to IN 34457 2564 69 polymerism polymerism NN 34457 2564 70 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2564 71 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 72 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 2564 73 _ _ NNP 34457 2564 74 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NNP 34457 2564 75 and and CC 34457 2564 76 paraldehyde paraldehyde NNP 34457 2564 77 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2564 78 . . . 34457 2565 1 In in IN 34457 2565 2 all all DT 34457 2565 3 such such JJ 34457 2565 4 cases case NNS 34457 2565 5 , , , 34457 2565 6 although although IN 34457 2565 7 the the DT 34457 2565 8 different different JJ 34457 2565 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2565 10 forms form NNS 34457 2565 11 correspond correspond VBP 34457 2565 12 to to IN 34457 2565 13 a a DT 34457 2565 14 single single JJ 34457 2565 15 definite definite JJ 34457 2565 16 constitution constitution NN 34457 2565 17 , , , 34457 2565 18 in in IN 34457 2565 19 the the DT 34457 2565 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2565 21 state state NN 34457 2565 22 a a DT 34457 2565 23 condition condition NN 34457 2565 24 of of IN 34457 2565 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2565 26 between between IN 34457 2565 27 the the DT 34457 2565 28 two two CD 34457 2565 29 modifications modification NNS 34457 2565 30 is be VBZ 34457 2565 31 established establish VBN 34457 2565 32 . . . 34457 2566 1 As as IN 34457 2566 2 a a DT 34457 2566 3 general general JJ 34457 2566 4 name name NN 34457 2566 5 for for IN 34457 2566 6 these these DT 34457 2566 7 different different JJ 34457 2566 8 classes class NNS 34457 2566 9 of of IN 34457 2566 10 substances substance NNS 34457 2566 11 , , , 34457 2566 12 the the DT 34457 2566 13 term term NN 34457 2566 14 " " `` 34457 2566 15 dynamic dynamic JJ 34457 2566 16 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2566 17 " " '' 34457 2566 18 has have VBZ 34457 2566 19 been be VBN 34457 2566 20 introduced introduce VBN 34457 2566 21 ; ; : 34457 2566 22 and and CC 34457 2566 23 the the DT 34457 2566 24 different different JJ 34457 2566 25 kinds kind NNS 34457 2566 26 of of IN 34457 2566 27 isomerism isomerism NN 34457 2566 28 are be VBP 34457 2566 29 classed class VBN 34457 2566 30 together together RB 34457 2566 31 under under IN 34457 2566 32 the the DT 34457 2566 33 title title NN 34457 2566 34 " " `` 34457 2566 35 dynamic dynamic JJ 34457 2566 36 isomerism isomerism NN 34457 2566 37 . . . 34457 2567 1 " " `` 34457 2567 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2567 3 279 279 CD 34457 2567 4 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2567 5 By by IN 34457 2567 6 reason reason NN 34457 2567 7 of of IN 34457 2567 8 the the DT 34457 2567 9 importance importance NN 34457 2567 10 of of IN 34457 2567 11 these these DT 34457 2567 12 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2567 13 in in IN 34457 2567 14 the the DT 34457 2567 15 study study NN 34457 2567 16 more more RBR 34457 2567 17 especially especially RB 34457 2567 18 of of IN 34457 2567 19 Organic Organic NNP 34457 2567 20 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 2567 21 , , , 34457 2567 22 a a DT 34457 2567 23 brief brief JJ 34457 2567 24 account account NN 34457 2567 25 of of IN 34457 2567 26 the the DT 34457 2567 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2567 28 relations relation NNS 34457 2567 29 exhibited exhibit VBN 34457 2567 30 by by IN 34457 2567 31 systems system NNS 34457 2567 32 composed compose VBN 34457 2567 33 of of IN 34457 2567 34 dynamic dynamic JJ 34457 2567 35 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2567 36 may may MD 34457 2567 37 be be VB 34457 2567 38 given give VBN 34457 2567 39 here here RB 34457 2567 40 . . . 34457 2568 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2568 2 280 280 CD 34457 2568 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2568 4 In in IN 34457 2568 5 studying study VBG 34457 2568 6 the the DT 34457 2568 7 fusion fusion NN 34457 2568 8 and and CC 34457 2568 9 solidification solidification NN 34457 2568 10 of of IN 34457 2568 11 those those DT 34457 2568 12 substances substance NNS 34457 2568 13 which which WDT 34457 2568 14 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 2568 15 the the DT 34457 2568 16 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2568 17 of of IN 34457 2568 18 dynamic dynamic JJ 34457 2568 19 isomerism isomerism NN 34457 2568 20 , , , 34457 2568 21 the the DT 34457 2568 22 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 2568 23 observed observe VBN 34457 2568 24 will will MD 34457 2568 25 vary vary VB 34457 2568 26 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 2568 27 according accord VBG 34457 2568 28 as as IN 34457 2568 29 the the DT 34457 2568 30 reversible reversible JJ 34457 2568 31 transformation transformation NN 34457 2568 32 of of IN 34457 2568 33 the the DT 34457 2568 34 one one CD 34457 2568 35 form form NN 34457 2568 36 into into IN 34457 2568 37 the the DT 34457 2568 38 other other JJ 34457 2568 39 takes take VBZ 34457 2568 40 place place NN 34457 2568 41 with with IN 34457 2568 42 measurable measurable JJ 34457 2568 43 velocity velocity NN 34457 2568 44 at at IN 34457 2568 45 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2568 46 in in IN 34457 2568 47 the the DT 34457 2568 48 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2568 49 of of IN 34457 2568 50 the the DT 34457 2568 51 melting melt VBG 34457 2568 52 points point NNS 34457 2568 53 , , , 34457 2568 54 or or CC 34457 2568 55 only only RB 34457 2568 56 at at IN 34457 2568 57 some some DT 34457 2568 58 higher high JJR 34457 2568 59 temperature temperature NN 34457 2568 60 . . . 34457 2569 1 If if IN 34457 2569 2 the the DT 34457 2569 3 transformation transformation NN 34457 2569 4 is be VBZ 34457 2569 5 very very RB 34457 2569 6 rapid rapid JJ 34457 2569 7 , , , 34457 2569 8 the the DT 34457 2569 9 system system NN 34457 2569 10 will will MD 34457 2569 11 behave behave VB 34457 2569 12 like like IN 34457 2569 13 a a DT 34457 2569 14 one one CD 34457 2569 15 - - HYPH 34457 2569 16 component component NN 34457 2569 17 system system NN 34457 2569 18 , , , 34457 2569 19 but but CC 34457 2569 20 if if IN 34457 2569 21 the the DT 34457 2569 22 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2569 23 change change NN 34457 2569 24 is be VBZ 34457 2569 25 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 2569 26 slow slow JJ 34457 2569 27 , , , 34457 2569 28 the the DT 34457 2569 29 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2569 30 will will MD 34457 2569 31 be be VB 34457 2569 32 that that DT 34457 2569 33 of of IN 34457 2569 34 a a DT 34457 2569 35 two two CD 34457 2569 36 - - HYPH 34457 2569 37 component component NN 34457 2569 38 system system NN 34457 2569 39 . . . 34457 2570 1 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2570 2 - - HYPH 34457 2570 3 Concentration concentration NN 34457 2570 4 Diagram.--The Diagram.--The NNP 34457 2570 5 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2570 6 which which WDT 34457 2570 7 are be VBP 34457 2570 8 met meet VBN 34457 2570 9 with with IN 34457 2570 10 here here RB 34457 2570 11 will will MD 34457 2570 12 be be VB 34457 2570 13 most most RBS 34457 2570 14 readily readily RB 34457 2570 15 understood understand VBN 34457 2570 16 with with IN 34457 2570 17 { { -LRB- 34457 2570 18 197 197 CD 34457 2570 19 } } -RRB- 34457 2570 20 the the DT 34457 2570 21 help help NN 34457 2570 22 of of IN 34457 2570 23 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2570 24 . . . 34457 2571 1 59 59 CD 34457 2571 2 . . . 34457 2572 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2572 2 , , , 34457 2572 3 in in IN 34457 2572 4 the the DT 34457 2572 5 first first JJ 34457 2572 6 instance instance NN 34457 2572 7 , , , 34457 2572 8 that that DT 34457 2572 9 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2572 10 transformation transformation NN 34457 2572 11 does do VBZ 34457 2572 12 not not RB 34457 2572 13 take take VB 34457 2572 14 place place NN 34457 2572 15 at at IN 34457 2572 16 the the DT 34457 2572 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2572 18 of of IN 34457 2572 19 the the DT 34457 2572 20 melting melting NN 34457 2572 21 point point NN 34457 2572 22 , , , 34457 2572 23 then then RB 34457 2572 24 the the DT 34457 2572 25 freezing freezing NN 34457 2572 26 point point NN 34457 2572 27 curve curve NN 34457 2572 28 will will MD 34457 2572 29 have have VB 34457 2572 30 the the DT 34457 2572 31 simple simple JJ 34457 2572 32 form form NN 34457 2572 33 ACB ACB NNP 34457 2572 34 ; ; : 34457 2572 35 the the DT 34457 2572 36 formation formation NN 34457 2572 37 of of IN 34457 2572 38 compounds compound NNS 34457 2572 39 being be VBG 34457 2572 40 for for IN 34457 2572 41 the the DT 34457 2572 42 present present NN 34457 2572 43 excluded exclude VBN 34457 2572 44 . . . 34457 2573 1 This this DT 34457 2573 2 is be VBZ 34457 2573 3 the the DT 34457 2573 4 simplest simple JJS 34457 2573 5 type type NN 34457 2573 6 of of IN 34457 2573 7 curve curve NN 34457 2573 8 , , , 34457 2573 9 and and CC 34457 2573 10 gives give VBZ 34457 2573 11 the the DT 34457 2573 12 composition composition NN 34457 2573 13 of of IN 34457 2573 14 the the DT 34457 2573 15 solutions solution NNS 34457 2573 16 in in IN 34457 2573 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2573 18 with with IN 34457 2573 19 the the DT 34457 2573 20 one one CD 34457 2573 21 modification modification NN 34457 2573 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2573 23 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2573 24 alpha alpha NN 34457 2573 25 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2573 26 modification modification NN 34457 2573 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2573 28 at at IN 34457 2573 29 different different JJ 34457 2573 30 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2573 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2573 32 curve curve NN 34457 2573 33 AC AC NNP 34457 2573 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2573 35 ; ; : 34457 2573 36 and and CC 34457 2573 37 of of IN 34457 2573 38 the the DT 34457 2573 39 solutions solution NNS 34457 2573 40 in in IN 34457 2573 41 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2573 42 with with IN 34457 2573 43 the the DT 34457 2573 44 other other JJ 34457 2573 45 modification modification NN 34457 2573 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2573 47 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2573 48 beta beta NN 34457 2573 49 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2573 50 modification modification NN 34457 2573 51 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2573 52 at at IN 34457 2573 53 different different JJ 34457 2573 54 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2573 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2573 56 curve curve NN 34457 2573 57 BC BC NNP 34457 2573 58 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2573 59 . . . 34457 2574 1 C C NNP 34457 2574 2 is be VBZ 34457 2574 3 the the DT 34457 2574 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2574 5 point point NN 34457 2574 6 at at IN 34457 2574 7 which which WDT 34457 2574 8 the the DT 34457 2574 9 two two CD 34457 2574 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2574 11 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2574 12 can can MD 34457 2574 13 exist exist VB 34457 2574 14 side side NN 34457 2574 15 by by IN 34457 2574 16 side side NN 34457 2574 17 in in IN 34457 2574 18 contact contact NN 34457 2574 19 with with IN 34457 2574 20 the the DT 34457 2574 21 solution solution NN 34457 2574 22 . . . 34457 2575 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2575 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2575 3 : : : 34457 2575 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2575 5 . . . 34457 2576 1 59 59 CD 34457 2576 2 . . . 34457 2576 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2577 1 Now now RB 34457 2577 2 , , , 34457 2577 3 suppose suppose VB 34457 2577 4 that that IN 34457 2577 5 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2577 6 transformation transformation NN 34457 2577 7 takes take VBZ 34457 2577 8 place place NN 34457 2577 9 with with IN 34457 2577 10 measurable measurable JJ 34457 2577 11 velocity velocity NN 34457 2577 12 . . . 34457 2578 1 If if IN 34457 2578 2 the the DT 34457 2578 3 pure pure JJ 34457 2578 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2578 5 alpha]-modification alpha]-modification NN 34457 2578 6 is be VBZ 34457 2578 7 heated heat VBN 34457 2578 8 to to IN 34457 2578 9 a a DT 34457 2578 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2578 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2578 12 t t NN 34457 2578 13 ' ' '' 34457 2578 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2578 15 above above IN 34457 2578 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2578 17 melting melting NN 34457 2578 18 point point NN 34457 2578 19 , , , 34457 2578 20 and and CC 34457 2578 21 the the DT 34457 2578 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 2578 23 maintained maintain VBD 34457 2578 24 at at IN 34457 2578 25 that that DT 34457 2578 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 2578 27 until until IN 34457 2578 28 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2578 29 has have VBZ 34457 2578 30 been be VBN 34457 2578 31 established establish VBN 34457 2578 32 , , , 34457 2578 33 a a DT 34457 2578 34 certain certain JJ 34457 2578 35 amount amount NN 34457 2578 36 of of IN 34457 2578 37 the the DT 34457 2578 38 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2578 39 beta]-form beta]-form NN 34457 2578 40 will will MD 34457 2578 41 be be VB 34457 2578 42 present present JJ 34457 2578 43 in in IN 34457 2578 44 the the DT 34457 2578 45 liquid liquid NN 34457 2578 46 , , , 34457 2578 47 the the DT 34457 2578 48 composition composition NN 34457 2578 49 of of IN 34457 2578 50 which which WDT 34457 2578 51 will will MD 34457 2578 52 be be VB 34457 2578 53 represented represent VBN 34457 2578 54 by by IN 34457 2578 55 the the DT 34457 2578 56 point point NN 34457 2578 57 _ _ NNP 34457 2578 58 x x NNP 34457 2578 59 ' ' '' 34457 2578 60 _ _ NN 34457 2578 61 . . . 34457 2579 1 The the DT 34457 2579 2 same same JJ 34457 2579 3 condition condition NN 34457 2579 4 of of IN 34457 2579 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2579 6 will will MD 34457 2579 7 also also RB 34457 2579 8 be be VB 34457 2579 9 reached reach VBN 34457 2579 10 by by IN 34457 2579 11 starting start VBG 34457 2579 12 with with IN 34457 2579 13 pure pure JJ 34457 2579 14 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2579 15 beta beta NN 34457 2579 16 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2579 17 . . . 34457 2580 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 2580 2 , , , 34457 2580 3 if if IN 34457 2580 4 the the DT 34457 2580 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 2580 6 of of IN 34457 2580 7 the the DT 34457 2580 8 liquid liquid NN 34457 2580 9 is be VBZ 34457 2580 10 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2580 11 at at IN 34457 2580 12 the the DT 34457 2580 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2580 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2580 15 t t NNP 34457 2580 16 " " `` 34457 2580 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2580 18 , , , 34457 2580 19 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2580 20 will will MD 34457 2580 21 be be VB 34457 2580 22 reached reach VBN 34457 2580 23 , , , 34457 2580 24 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2580 25 shall shall MD 34457 2580 26 suppose suppose VB 34457 2580 27 , , , 34457 2580 28 when when WRB 34457 2580 29 the the DT 34457 2580 30 solution solution NN 34457 2580 31 has have VBZ 34457 2580 32 the the DT 34457 2580 33 composition composition NN 34457 2580 34 _ _ NNP 34457 2580 35 x x SYM 34457 2580 36 " " `` 34457 2580 37 _ _ NNP 34457 2580 38 . . . 34457 2581 1 The the DT 34457 2581 2 curve curve NN 34457 2581 3 DE de NN 34457 2581 4 , , , 34457 2581 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2581 6 , , , 34457 2581 7 which which WDT 34457 2581 8 passes pass VBZ 34457 2581 9 through through IN 34457 2581 10 all all PDT 34457 2581 11 the the DT 34457 2581 12 different different JJ 34457 2581 13 values value NNS 34457 2581 14 of of IN 34457 2581 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2581 16 x x NNP 34457 2581 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2581 18 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2581 19 to to IN 34457 2581 20 different different JJ 34457 2581 21 values value NNS 34457 2581 22 of of IN 34457 2581 23 _ _ NNP 34457 2581 24 t t NNP 34457 2581 25 _ _ NNP 34457 2581 26 , , , 34457 2581 27 will will MD 34457 2581 28 represent represent VB 34457 2581 29 the the DT 34457 2581 30 change change NN 34457 2581 31 of of IN 34457 2581 32 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2581 33 with with IN 34457 2581 34 the the DT 34457 2581 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 2581 36 . . . 34457 2582 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2582 2 will will MD 34457 2582 3 slope slope VB 34457 2582 4 to to IN 34457 2582 5 the the DT 34457 2582 6 right right NN 34457 2582 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2582 8 as as IN 34457 2582 9 in in IN 34457 2582 10 the the DT 34457 2582 11 figure figure NN 34457 2582 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2582 13 if if IN 34457 2582 14 the the DT 34457 2582 15 transformation transformation NN 34457 2582 16 of of IN 34457 2582 17 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2582 18 alpha alpha NN 34457 2582 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2582 20 into into IN 34457 2582 21 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2582 22 beta beta NN 34457 2582 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2582 24 is be VBZ 34457 2582 25 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2582 26 by by IN 34457 2582 27 absorption absorption NN 34457 2582 28 of of IN 34457 2582 29 heat heat NN 34457 2582 30 ; ; : 34457 2582 31 to to IN 34457 2582 32 the the DT 34457 2582 33 left left NN 34457 2582 34 if if IN 34457 2582 35 the the DT 34457 2582 36 transformation transformation NN 34457 2582 37 is be VBZ 34457 2582 38 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2582 39 by by IN 34457 2582 40 evolution evolution NN 34457 2582 41 of of IN 34457 2582 42 heat heat NN 34457 2582 43 , , , 34457 2582 44 in in IN 34457 2582 45 accordance accordance NN 34457 2582 46 with with IN 34457 2582 47 van't van't JJ 34457 2582 48 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 2582 49 's 's POS 34457 2582 50 Law Law NNP 34457 2582 51 of of IN 34457 2582 52 movable movable JJ 34457 2582 53 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2582 54 . . . 34457 2583 1 If if IN 34457 2583 2 transformation transformation NN 34457 2583 3 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2583 4 without without IN 34457 2583 5 heat heat NN 34457 2583 6 effect effect NN 34457 2583 7 , , , 34457 2583 8 the the DT 34457 2583 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2583 10 will will MD 34457 2583 11 be be VB 34457 2583 12 independent independent JJ 34457 2583 13 of of IN 34457 2583 14 the the DT 34457 2583 15 { { -LRB- 34457 2583 16 198 198 CD 34457 2583 17 } } -RRB- 34457 2583 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 2583 19 , , , 34457 2583 20 and and CC 34457 2583 21 the the DT 34457 2583 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2583 23 curve curve NN 34457 2583 24 DE DE NNP 34457 2583 25 will will MD 34457 2583 26 therefore therefore RB 34457 2583 27 be be VB 34457 2583 28 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34457 2583 29 and and CC 34457 2583 30 parallel parallel JJ 34457 2583 31 to to IN 34457 2583 32 the the DT 34457 2583 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 2583 34 axis axis RB 34457 2583 35 . . . 34457 2584 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2584 2 must must MD 34457 2584 3 now now RB 34457 2584 4 find find VB 34457 2584 5 the the DT 34457 2584 6 meaning meaning NN 34457 2584 7 of of IN 34457 2584 8 the the DT 34457 2584 9 point point NN 34457 2584 10 D. D. NNP 34457 2584 11 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2584 12 the the DT 34457 2584 13 pure pure JJ 34457 2584 14 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2584 15 alpha]- alpha]- JJ 34457 2584 16 or or CC 34457 2584 17 pure pure JJ 34457 2584 18 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2584 19 beta]-form beta]-form NN 34457 2584 20 heated heat VBN 34457 2584 21 to to IN 34457 2584 22 the the DT 34457 2584 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2584 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2584 25 t t NNP 34457 2584 26 ' ' '' 34457 2584 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2584 28 , , , 34457 2584 29 and and CC 34457 2584 30 the the DT 34457 2584 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2584 32 maintained maintain VBD 34457 2584 33 constant constant JJ 34457 2584 34 until until IN 34457 2584 35 the the DT 34457 2584 36 liquid liquid NN 34457 2584 37 has have VBZ 34457 2584 38 the the DT 34457 2584 39 composition composition NN 34457 2584 40 _ _ NNP 34457 2584 41 x x SYM 34457 2584 42 ' ' '' 34457 2584 43 _ _ NNP 34457 2584 44 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2584 45 to to IN 34457 2584 46 the the DT 34457 2584 47 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2584 48 at at IN 34457 2584 49 that that DT 34457 2584 50 temperature temperature NN 34457 2584 51 . . . 34457 2585 1 If if IN 34457 2585 2 the the DT 34457 2585 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2585 4 is be VBZ 34457 2585 5 now now RB 34457 2585 6 allowed allow VBN 34457 2585 7 to to TO 34457 2585 8 fall fall VB 34457 2585 9 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 2585 10 slowly slowly RB 34457 2585 11 so so IN 34457 2585 12 that that IN 34457 2585 13 the the DT 34457 2585 14 condition condition NN 34457 2585 15 of of IN 34457 2585 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2585 17 is be VBZ 34457 2585 18 continually continually RB 34457 2585 19 readjusted readjust VBN 34457 2585 20 as as IN 34457 2585 21 the the DT 34457 2585 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 2585 23 changes change VBZ 34457 2585 24 , , , 34457 2585 25 the the DT 34457 2585 26 composition composition NN 34457 2585 27 of of IN 34457 2585 28 the the DT 34457 2585 29 solution solution NN 34457 2585 30 will will MD 34457 2585 31 gradually gradually RB 34457 2585 32 alter alter VB 34457 2585 33 as as IN 34457 2585 34 represented represent VBN 34457 2585 35 by by IN 34457 2585 36 the the DT 34457 2585 37 curve curve NN 34457 2585 38 _ _ XX 34457 2585 39 x'_D. x'_d. XX 34457 2586 1 Since since IN 34457 2586 2 D D NNP 34457 2586 3 is be VBZ 34457 2586 4 on on IN 34457 2586 5 the the DT 34457 2586 6 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2586 7 point point NN 34457 2586 8 curve curve NN 34457 2586 9 of of IN 34457 2586 10 pure pure JJ 34457 2586 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2586 12 alpha alpha NN 34457 2586 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2586 14 , , , 34457 2586 15 this this DT 34457 2586 16 form form NN 34457 2586 17 will will MD 34457 2586 18 be be VB 34457 2586 19 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2586 20 on on IN 34457 2586 21 cooling cooling NN 34457 2586 22 ; ; : 34457 2586 23 and and CC 34457 2586 24 since since IN 34457 2586 25 D d NN 34457 2586 26 is be VBZ 34457 2586 27 also also RB 34457 2586 28 on on IN 34457 2586 29 the the DT 34457 2586 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2586 31 curve curve NN 34457 2586 32 of of IN 34457 2586 33 the the DT 34457 2586 34 liquid liquid NN 34457 2586 35 , , , 34457 2586 36 D D NNP 34457 2586 37 is be VBZ 34457 2586 38 the the DT 34457 2586 39 only only JJ 34457 2586 40 point point NN 34457 2586 41 at at IN 34457 2586 42 which which WDT 34457 2586 43 solid solid JJ 34457 2586 44 can can MD 34457 2586 45 exist exist VB 34457 2586 46 in in IN 34457 2586 47 stable stable JJ 34457 2586 48 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2586 49 with with IN 34457 2586 50 the the DT 34457 2586 51 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2586 52 phase phase NN 34457 2586 53 . . . 34457 2587 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2587 2 The the DT 34457 2587 3 vapour vapour JJ 34457 2587 4 phase phase NN 34457 2587 5 may may MD 34457 2587 6 be be VB 34457 2587 7 omitted omit VBN 34457 2587 8 from from IN 34457 2587 9 consideration consideration NN 34457 2587 10 , , , 34457 2587 11 as as IN 34457 2587 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2587 13 shall shall MD 34457 2587 14 suppose suppose VB 34457 2587 15 the the DT 34457 2587 16 experiments experiment NNS 34457 2587 17 carried carry VBN 34457 2587 18 out out RP 34457 2587 19 in in IN 34457 2587 20 open open JJ 34457 2587 21 vessels vessel NNS 34457 2587 22 . . . 34457 2587 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2588 1 All all DT 34457 2588 2 systems system NNS 34457 2588 3 consisting consist VBG 34457 2588 4 of of IN 34457 2588 5 the the DT 34457 2588 6 two two CD 34457 2588 7 hylotropic[281 hylotropic[281 NN 34457 2588 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2588 9 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2588 10 substances substance NNS 34457 2588 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2588 12 alpha alpha NN 34457 2588 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2588 14 and and CC 34457 2588 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2588 16 beta beta NN 34457 2588 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2588 18 will will MD 34457 2588 19 , , , 34457 2588 20 therefore therefore RB 34457 2588 21 , , , 34457 2588 22 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2588 23 freeze freeze VBP 34457 2588 24 at at IN 34457 2588 25 the the DT 34457 2588 26 point point NN 34457 2588 27 D d NN 34457 2588 28 , , , 34457 2588 29 which which WDT 34457 2588 30 is be VBZ 34457 2588 31 called call VBN 34457 2588 32 the the DT 34457 2588 33 " " `` 34457 2588 34 natural natural JJ 34457 2588 35 " " '' 34457 2588 36 freezing freezing NN 34457 2588 37 point[282 point[282 NN 34457 2588 38 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2588 39 of of IN 34457 2588 40 the the DT 34457 2588 41 system system NN 34457 2588 42 ; ; , 34457 2588 43 provided provide VBN 34457 2588 44 , , , 34457 2588 45 of of IN 34457 2588 46 course course NN 34457 2588 47 , , , 34457 2588 48 that that DT 34457 2588 49 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 2588 50 time time NN 34457 2588 51 is be VBZ 34457 2588 52 allowed allow VBN 34457 2588 53 for for IN 34457 2588 54 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2588 55 to to TO 34457 2588 56 be be VB 34457 2588 57 established establish VBN 34457 2588 58 . . . 34457 2589 1 From from IN 34457 2589 2 this this DT 34457 2589 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2589 4 is be VBZ 34457 2589 5 apparent apparent JJ 34457 2589 6 that that IN 34457 2589 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2589 8 the the DT 34457 2589 9 stable stable JJ 34457 2589 10 modification modification NN 34457 2589 11 at at IN 34457 2589 12 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2589 13 in in IN 34457 2589 14 the the DT 34457 2589 15 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2589 16 of of IN 34457 2589 17 the the DT 34457 2589 18 melting melting NN 34457 2589 19 point point NN 34457 2589 20 is be VBZ 34457 2589 21 that that DT 34457 2589 22 which which WDT 34457 2589 23 is be VBZ 34457 2589 24 in in IN 34457 2589 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2589 26 with with IN 34457 2589 27 the the DT 34457 2589 28 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2589 29 phase phase NN 34457 2589 30 at at IN 34457 2589 31 the the DT 34457 2589 32 natural natural JJ 34457 2589 33 freezing freezing NN 34457 2589 34 point point NN 34457 2589 35 _ _ NNP 34457 2589 36 . . . 34457 2590 1 From from IN 34457 2590 2 what what WP 34457 2590 3 has have VBZ 34457 2590 4 been be VBN 34457 2590 5 said say VBN 34457 2590 6 , , , 34457 2590 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2590 8 will will MD 34457 2590 9 be be VB 34457 2590 10 easy easy JJ 34457 2590 11 to to TO 34457 2590 12 predict predict VB 34457 2590 13 what what WP 34457 2590 14 will will MD 34457 2590 15 be be VB 34457 2590 16 the the DT 34457 2590 17 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2590 18 of of IN 34457 2590 19 the the DT 34457 2590 20 system system NN 34457 2590 21 under under IN 34457 2590 22 different different JJ 34457 2590 23 conditions condition NNS 34457 2590 24 . . . 34457 2591 1 If if IN 34457 2591 2 pure pure JJ 34457 2591 3 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2591 4 alpha alpha NN 34457 2591 5 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2591 6 is be VBZ 34457 2591 7 heated heat VBN 34457 2591 8 , , , 34457 2591 9 a a DT 34457 2591 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2591 11 will will MD 34457 2591 12 be be VB 34457 2591 13 reached reach VBN 34457 2591 14 at at IN 34457 2591 15 which which WDT 34457 2591 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2591 17 will will MD 34457 2591 18 melt melt VB 34457 2591 19 , , , 34457 2591 20 but but CC 34457 2591 21 this this DT 34457 2591 22 melting melting NN 34457 2591 23 point point NN 34457 2591 24 will will MD 34457 2591 25 be be VB 34457 2591 26 sharp sharp JJ 34457 2591 27 only only RB 34457 2591 28 if if IN 34457 2591 29 the the DT 34457 2591 30 velocity velocity NN 34457 2591 31 of of IN 34457 2591 32 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2591 33 transformation transformation NN 34457 2591 34 is be VBZ 34457 2591 35 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 2591 36 slow slow JJ 34457 2591 37 ; ; : 34457 2591 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2591 39 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2591 40 _ _ NNP 34457 2591 41 slow slow JJ 34457 2591 42 in in IN 34457 2591 43 comparison comparison NN 34457 2591 44 with with IN 34457 2591 45 the the DT 34457 2591 46 determination determination NN 34457 2591 47 of of IN 34457 2591 48 the the DT 34457 2591 49 melting melting NN 34457 2591 50 point point NN 34457 2591 51 . . . 34457 2592 1 If if IN 34457 2592 2 the the DT 34457 2592 3 substance substance NN 34457 2592 4 be be VB 34457 2592 5 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2592 6 in in IN 34457 2592 7 the the DT 34457 2592 8 fused fuse VBN 34457 2592 9 condition condition NN 34457 2592 10 for for IN 34457 2592 11 some some DT 34457 2592 12 time time NN 34457 2592 13 , , , 34457 2592 14 a a DT 34457 2592 15 certain certain JJ 34457 2592 16 amount amount NN 34457 2592 17 of of IN 34457 2592 18 the the DT 34457 2592 19 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2592 20 beta beta NN 34457 2592 21 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2592 22 modification modification NN 34457 2592 23 will will MD 34457 2592 24 be be VB 34457 2592 25 formed form VBN 34457 2592 26 , , , 34457 2592 27 and and CC 34457 2592 28 on on IN 34457 2592 29 lowering lower VBG 34457 2592 30 the the DT 34457 2592 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2592 32 the the DT 34457 2592 33 pure pure JJ 34457 2592 34 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2592 35 alpha alpha NN 34457 2592 36 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2592 37 form form NN 34457 2592 38 will will MD 34457 2592 39 be be VB 34457 2592 40 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2592 41 , , , 34457 2592 42 not not RB 34457 2592 43 at at IN 34457 2592 44 the the DT 34457 2592 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 2592 46 of of IN 34457 2592 47 the the DT 34457 2592 48 melting melting NN 34457 2592 49 point point NN 34457 2592 50 , , , 34457 2592 51 but but CC 34457 2592 52 at at IN 34457 2592 53 some some DT 34457 2592 54 lower low JJR 34457 2592 55 temperature temperature NN 34457 2592 56 depending depend VBG 34457 2592 57 on on IN 34457 2592 58 the the DT 34457 2592 59 concentration concentration NN 34457 2592 60 of of IN 34457 2592 61 the the DT 34457 2592 62 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2592 63 beta beta NN 34457 2592 64 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2592 65 modification modification NN 34457 2592 66 in in IN 34457 2592 67 the the DT 34457 2592 68 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2592 69 phase phase NN 34457 2592 70 . . . 34457 2593 1 If if IN 34457 2593 2 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2593 3 transformation transformation NN 34457 2593 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2593 5 199 199 CD 34457 2593 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2593 7 takes take VBZ 34457 2593 8 place place NN 34457 2593 9 slowly slowly RB 34457 2593 10 in in IN 34457 2593 11 comparison comparison NN 34457 2593 12 with with IN 34457 2593 13 the the DT 34457 2593 14 rate rate NN 34457 2593 15 at at IN 34457 2593 16 which which WDT 34457 2593 17 deposition deposition NN 34457 2593 18 of of IN 34457 2593 19 the the DT 34457 2593 20 solid solid JJ 34457 2593 21 occurs occur NNS 34457 2593 22 , , , 34457 2593 23 the the DT 34457 2593 24 liquid liquid NN 34457 2593 25 will will MD 34457 2593 26 become become VB 34457 2593 27 increasingly increasingly RB 34457 2593 28 rich rich JJ 34457 2593 29 in in IN 34457 2593 30 the the DT 34457 2593 31 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2593 32 beta beta NN 34457 2593 33 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2593 34 modification modification NN 34457 2593 35 , , , 34457 2593 36 and and CC 34457 2593 37 the the DT 34457 2593 38 freezing freezing NN 34457 2593 39 point point NN 34457 2593 40 will will MD 34457 2593 41 , , , 34457 2593 42 therefore therefore RB 34457 2593 43 , , , 34457 2593 44 sink sink NN 34457 2593 45 continuously continuously RB 34457 2593 46 . . . 34457 2594 1 At at IN 34457 2594 2 the the DT 34457 2594 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2594 4 point point NN 34457 2594 5 , , , 34457 2594 6 however however RB 34457 2594 7 , , , 34457 2594 8 the the DT 34457 2594 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2594 10 beta beta NN 34457 2594 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2594 12 modification modification NN 34457 2594 13 will will MD 34457 2594 14 also also RB 34457 2594 15 be be VB 34457 2594 16 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2594 17 , , , 34457 2594 18 and and CC 34457 2594 19 the the DT 34457 2594 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2594 21 will will MD 34457 2594 22 remain remain VB 34457 2594 23 constant constant JJ 34457 2594 24 until until IN 34457 2594 25 all all DT 34457 2594 26 has have VBZ 34457 2594 27 become become VBN 34457 2594 28 solid solid JJ 34457 2594 29 . . . 34457 2595 1 If if IN 34457 2595 2 , , , 34457 2595 3 on on IN 34457 2595 4 the the DT 34457 2595 5 other other JJ 34457 2595 6 hand hand NN 34457 2595 7 , , , 34457 2595 8 the the DT 34457 2595 9 velocity velocity NN 34457 2595 10 of of IN 34457 2595 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 2595 12 is be VBZ 34457 2595 13 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 2595 14 rapid rapid JJ 34457 2595 15 , , , 34457 2595 16 then then RB 34457 2595 17 as as RB 34457 2595 18 quickly quickly RB 34457 2595 19 as as IN 34457 2595 20 the the DT 34457 2595 21 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2595 22 alpha alpha NN 34457 2595 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2595 24 modification modification NN 34457 2595 25 is be VBZ 34457 2595 26 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2595 27 , , , 34457 2595 28 the the DT 34457 2595 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2595 30 between between IN 34457 2595 31 the the DT 34457 2595 32 two two CD 34457 2595 33 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2595 34 forms form NNS 34457 2595 35 in in IN 34457 2595 36 the the DT 34457 2595 37 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2595 38 phase phase NN 34457 2595 39 will will MD 34457 2595 40 continuously continuously RB 34457 2595 41 readjust readjust VB 34457 2595 42 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 2595 43 , , , 34457 2595 44 and and CC 34457 2595 45 the the DT 34457 2595 46 end end NN 34457 2595 47 - - HYPH 34457 2595 48 point point NN 34457 2595 49 of of IN 34457 2595 50 solidification solidification NN 34457 2595 51 will will MD 34457 2595 52 be be VB 34457 2595 53 the the DT 34457 2595 54 natural natural JJ 34457 2595 55 freezing freezing NN 34457 2595 56 point point NN 34457 2595 57 . . . 34457 2596 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 2596 2 , , , 34457 2596 3 starting start VBG 34457 2596 4 with with IN 34457 2596 5 the the DT 34457 2596 6 pure pure JJ 34457 2596 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2596 8 beta beta NN 34457 2596 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2596 10 modification modification NN 34457 2596 11 , , , 34457 2596 12 the the DT 34457 2596 13 freezing freezing NN 34457 2596 14 point point NN 34457 2596 15 after after IN 34457 2596 16 fusion fusion NN 34457 2596 17 will will MD 34457 2596 18 gradually gradually RB 34457 2596 19 fall fall VB 34457 2596 20 owing owing JJ 34457 2596 21 to to IN 34457 2596 22 the the DT 34457 2596 23 formation formation NN 34457 2596 24 of of IN 34457 2596 25 the the DT 34457 2596 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2596 27 alpha alpha NN 34457 2596 28 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2596 29 modification modification NN 34457 2596 30 ; ; : 34457 2596 31 and and CC 34457 2596 32 the the DT 34457 2596 33 composition composition NN 34457 2596 34 of of IN 34457 2596 35 the the DT 34457 2596 36 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2596 37 phase phase NN 34457 2596 38 will will MD 34457 2596 39 pass pass VB 34457 2596 40 along along RP 34457 2596 41 the the DT 34457 2596 42 curve curve NN 34457 2596 43 BC BC NNP 34457 2596 44 . . . 34457 2597 1 If if IN 34457 2597 2 , , , 34457 2597 3 now now RB 34457 2597 4 , , , 34457 2597 5 the the DT 34457 2597 6 rate rate NN 34457 2597 7 of of IN 34457 2597 8 cooling cooling NN 34457 2597 9 is be VBZ 34457 2597 10 not not RB 34457 2597 11 too too RB 34457 2597 12 great great JJ 34457 2597 13 , , , 34457 2597 14 or or CC 34457 2597 15 if if IN 34457 2597 16 the the DT 34457 2597 17 velocity velocity NN 34457 2597 18 of of IN 34457 2597 19 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2597 20 transformation transformation NN 34457 2597 21 is be VBZ 34457 2597 22 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 2597 23 rapid rapid JJ 34457 2597 24 , , , 34457 2597 25 complete complete JJ 34457 2597 26 solidification solidification NN 34457 2597 27 will will MD 34457 2597 28 not not RB 34457 2597 29 occur occur VB 34457 2597 30 at at IN 34457 2597 31 the the DT 34457 2597 32 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2597 33 point point NN 34457 2597 34 ; ; : 34457 2597 35 for for IN 34457 2597 36 at at IN 34457 2597 37 this this DT 34457 2597 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 2597 39 solid solid JJ 34457 2597 40 and and CC 34457 2597 41 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2597 42 are be VBP 34457 2597 43 not not RB 34457 2597 44 in in IN 34457 2597 45 stable stable JJ 34457 2597 46 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2597 47 with with IN 34457 2597 48 one one CD 34457 2597 49 another another DT 34457 2597 50 . . . 34457 2598 1 On on IN 34457 2598 2 the the DT 34457 2598 3 contrary contrary NN 34457 2598 4 , , , 34457 2598 5 a a DT 34457 2598 6 further further JJ 34457 2598 7 quantity quantity NN 34457 2598 8 of of IN 34457 2598 9 the the DT 34457 2598 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2598 11 beta beta NN 34457 2598 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2598 13 modification modification NN 34457 2598 14 will will MD 34457 2598 15 undergo undergo VB 34457 2598 16 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2598 17 change change NN 34457 2598 18 , , , 34457 2598 19 the the DT 34457 2598 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2598 21 phase phase NN 34457 2598 22 will will MD 34457 2598 23 become become VB 34457 2598 24 richer rich JJR 34457 2598 25 in in IN 34457 2598 26 the the DT 34457 2598 27 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2598 28 alpha alpha NN 34457 2598 29 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2598 30 form form NN 34457 2598 31 , , , 34457 2598 32 and and CC 34457 2598 33 the the DT 34457 2598 34 freezing freezing NN 34457 2598 35 point point NN 34457 2598 36 will will MD 34457 2598 37 _ _ NNP 34457 2598 38 rise rise VB 34457 2598 39 _ _ NNP 34457 2598 40 ; ; : 34457 2598 41 the the DT 34457 2598 42 solid solid JJ 34457 2598 43 phase phase NN 34457 2598 44 in in IN 34457 2598 45 contact contact NN 34457 2598 46 with with IN 34457 2598 47 the the DT 34457 2598 48 liquid liquid NN 34457 2598 49 being be VBG 34457 2598 50 now now RB 34457 2598 51 the the DT 34457 2598 52 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2598 53 alpha alpha NN 34457 2598 54 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2598 55 modification modification NN 34457 2598 56 . . . 34457 2599 1 The the DT 34457 2599 2 freezing freezing NN 34457 2599 3 point point NN 34457 2599 4 will will MD 34457 2599 5 continue continue VB 34457 2599 6 to to TO 34457 2599 7 rise rise VB 34457 2599 8 until until IN 34457 2599 9 the the DT 34457 2599 10 point point NN 34457 2599 11 D d NN 34457 2599 12 is be VBZ 34457 2599 13 reached reach VBN 34457 2599 14 , , , 34457 2599 15 at at IN 34457 2599 16 which which WDT 34457 2599 17 complete complete JJ 34457 2599 18 solidification solidification NN 34457 2599 19 will will MD 34457 2599 20 take take VB 34457 2599 21 place place NN 34457 2599 22 without without IN 34457 2599 23 further further JJ 34457 2599 24 change change NN 34457 2599 25 of of IN 34457 2599 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 2599 27 . . . 34457 2600 1 The the DT 34457 2600 2 diagram diagram NN 34457 2600 3 also also RB 34457 2600 4 allows allow VBZ 34457 2600 5 us -PRON- PRP 34457 2600 6 to to TO 34457 2600 7 predict predict VB 34457 2600 8 what what WP 34457 2600 9 will will MD 34457 2600 10 be be VB 34457 2600 11 the the DT 34457 2600 12 result result NN 34457 2600 13 of of IN 34457 2600 14 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2600 15 cooling cool VBG 34457 2600 16 a a DT 34457 2600 17 fused fuse VBN 34457 2600 18 mixture mixture NN 34457 2600 19 of of IN 34457 2600 20 the the DT 34457 2600 21 two two CD 34457 2600 22 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2600 23 . . . 34457 2601 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2601 2 that that IN 34457 2601 3 either either CC 34457 2601 4 the the DT 34457 2601 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2601 6 alpha alpha NN 34457 2601 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2601 8 or or CC 34457 2601 9 the the DT 34457 2601 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2601 11 beta beta NN 34457 2601 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2601 13 modification modification NN 34457 2601 14 has have VBZ 34457 2601 15 been be VBN 34457 2601 16 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2601 17 in in IN 34457 2601 18 the the DT 34457 2601 19 fused fuse VBN 34457 2601 20 state state NN 34457 2601 21 at at IN 34457 2601 22 the the DT 34457 2601 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2601 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2601 25 t t NNP 34457 2601 26 ' ' '' 34457 2601 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2601 28 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 2601 29 long long JJ 34457 2601 30 for for IN 34457 2601 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2601 32 to to TO 34457 2601 33 be be VB 34457 2601 34 established establish VBN 34457 2601 35 . . . 34457 2602 1 The the DT 34457 2602 2 composition composition NN 34457 2602 3 of of IN 34457 2602 4 the the DT 34457 2602 5 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2602 6 phase phase NN 34457 2602 7 will will MD 34457 2602 8 be be VB 34457 2602 9 represented represent VBN 34457 2602 10 by by IN 34457 2602 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2602 12 x x NNP 34457 2602 13 ' ' '' 34457 2602 14 _ _ NN 34457 2602 15 . . . 34457 2603 1 If if IN 34457 2603 2 the the DT 34457 2603 3 liquid liquid NN 34457 2603 4 is be VBZ 34457 2603 5 now now RB 34457 2603 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2603 7 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2603 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2603 9 cooled cool VBD 34457 2603 10 , , , 34457 2603 11 the the DT 34457 2603 12 composition composition NN 34457 2603 13 will will MD 34457 2603 14 remain remain VB 34457 2603 15 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2603 16 as as IN 34457 2603 17 represented represent VBN 34457 2603 18 by by IN 34457 2603 19 the the DT 34457 2603 20 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2603 21 line line NN 34457 2603 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2603 23 x'_G. x'_g. XX 34457 2604 1 At at IN 34457 2604 2 the the DT 34457 2604 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2604 4 of of IN 34457 2604 5 the the DT 34457 2604 6 point point NN 34457 2604 7 G g NN 34457 2604 8 solid solid JJ 34457 2604 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2604 10 alpha alpha NN 34457 2604 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2604 12 modification modification NN 34457 2604 13 will will MD 34457 2604 14 be be VB 34457 2604 15 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2604 16 . . . 34457 2605 1 If if IN 34457 2605 2 the the DT 34457 2605 3 cooling cooling NN 34457 2605 4 is be VBZ 34457 2605 5 not not RB 34457 2605 6 carried carry VBN 34457 2605 7 below below IN 34457 2605 8 the the DT 34457 2605 9 point point NN 34457 2605 10 G g NN 34457 2605 11 , , , 34457 2605 12 so so IN 34457 2605 13 as as IN 34457 2605 14 to to TO 34457 2605 15 cause cause VB 34457 2605 16 complete complete JJ 34457 2605 17 solidification solidification NN 34457 2605 18 , , , 34457 2605 19 the the DT 34457 2605 20 freezing freezing NN 34457 2605 21 point point NN 34457 2605 22 will will MD 34457 2605 23 be be VB 34457 2605 24 found find VBN 34457 2605 25 to to TO 34457 2605 26 rise rise VB 34457 2605 27 with with IN 34457 2605 28 time time NN 34457 2605 29 , , , 34457 2605 30 owing owe VBG 34457 2605 31 to to IN 34457 2605 32 the the DT 34457 2605 33 conversion conversion NN 34457 2605 34 of of IN 34457 2605 35 some some DT 34457 2605 36 of of IN 34457 2605 37 the the DT 34457 2605 38 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2605 39 beta beta NN 34457 2605 40 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2605 41 form form NN 34457 2605 42 into into IN 34457 2605 43 the the DT 34457 2605 44 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2605 45 alpha alpha NN 34457 2605 46 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2605 47 form form NN 34457 2605 48 { { -LRB- 34457 2605 49 200 200 CD 34457 2605 50 } } -RRB- 34457 2605 51 in in IN 34457 2605 52 the the DT 34457 2605 53 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2605 54 phase phase NN 34457 2605 55 ; ; : 34457 2605 56 and and CC 34457 2605 57 this this DT 34457 2605 58 will will MD 34457 2605 59 continue continue VB 34457 2605 60 until until IN 34457 2605 61 the the DT 34457 2605 62 composition composition NN 34457 2605 63 of of IN 34457 2605 64 the the DT 34457 2605 65 liquid liquid NN 34457 2605 66 has have VBZ 34457 2605 67 reached reach VBN 34457 2605 68 the the DT 34457 2605 69 point point NN 34457 2605 70 D. D. NNP 34457 2605 71 From from IN 34457 2605 72 what what WP 34457 2605 73 has have VBZ 34457 2605 74 just just RB 34457 2605 75 been be VBN 34457 2605 76 said say VBN 34457 2605 77 , , , 34457 2605 78 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2605 79 can can MD 34457 2605 80 also also RB 34457 2605 81 be be VB 34457 2605 82 seen see VBN 34457 2605 83 that that IN 34457 2605 84 if if IN 34457 2605 85 the the DT 34457 2605 86 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2605 87 point point NN 34457 2605 88 curves curve NNS 34457 2605 89 can can MD 34457 2605 90 be be VB 34457 2605 91 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2605 92 by by IN 34457 2605 93 actual actual JJ 34457 2605 94 determination determination NN 34457 2605 95 of of IN 34457 2605 96 the the DT 34457 2605 97 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2605 98 points point NNS 34457 2605 99 of of IN 34457 2605 100 different different JJ 34457 2605 101 synthetic synthetic JJ 34457 2605 102 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2605 103 of of IN 34457 2605 104 the the DT 34457 2605 105 two two CD 34457 2605 106 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2605 107 , , , 34457 2605 108 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2605 109 will will MD 34457 2605 110 be be VB 34457 2605 111 possible possible JJ 34457 2605 112 to to TO 34457 2605 113 determine determine VB 34457 2605 114 the the DT 34457 2605 115 condition condition NN 34457 2605 116 of of IN 34457 2605 117 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2605 118 in in IN 34457 2605 119 the the DT 34457 2605 120 fused fuse VBN 34457 2605 121 state state NN 34457 2605 122 at at IN 34457 2605 123 any any DT 34457 2605 124 given give VBN 34457 2605 125 temperature temperature NN 34457 2605 126 without without IN 34457 2605 127 having have VBG 34457 2605 128 recourse recourse JJ 34457 2605 129 to to IN 34457 2605 130 analysis analysis NN 34457 2605 131 . . . 34457 2606 1 All all DT 34457 2606 2 that that WDT 34457 2606 3 is be VBZ 34457 2606 4 necessary necessary JJ 34457 2606 5 is be VBZ 34457 2606 6 to to TO 34457 2606 7 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2606 8 cool cool VB 34457 2606 9 the the DT 34457 2606 10 fused fuse VBN 34457 2606 11 mass mass NN 34457 2606 12 , , , 34457 2606 13 after after IN 34457 2606 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2606 15 has have VBZ 34457 2606 16 been be VBN 34457 2606 17 established establish VBN 34457 2606 18 , , , 34457 2606 19 and and CC 34457 2606 20 find find VB 34457 2606 21 the the DT 34457 2606 22 freezing freezing NN 34457 2606 23 point point NN 34457 2606 24 at at IN 34457 2606 25 which which WDT 34457 2606 26 solid solid JJ 34457 2606 27 is be VBZ 34457 2606 28 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2606 29 ; ; : 34457 2606 30 that that RB 34457 2606 31 is is RB 34457 2606 32 , , , 34457 2606 33 find find VB 34457 2606 34 the the DT 34457 2606 35 point point NN 34457 2606 36 at at IN 34457 2606 37 which which WDT 34457 2606 38 the the DT 34457 2606 39 line line NN 34457 2606 40 of of IN 34457 2606 41 constant constant JJ 34457 2606 42 temperature temperature NN 34457 2606 43 cuts cut VBZ 34457 2606 44 the the DT 34457 2606 45 freezing freezing NN 34457 2606 46 point point NN 34457 2606 47 curve curve NN 34457 2606 48 . . . 34457 2607 1 The the DT 34457 2607 2 composition composition NN 34457 2607 3 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2607 4 to to IN 34457 2607 5 this this DT 34457 2607 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 2607 7 gives give VBZ 34457 2607 8 the the DT 34457 2607 9 composition composition NN 34457 2607 10 of of IN 34457 2607 11 the the DT 34457 2607 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2607 13 mixture mixture NN 34457 2607 14 at at IN 34457 2607 15 the the DT 34457 2607 16 given give VBN 34457 2607 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2607 18 . . . 34457 2608 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2608 2 will will MD 34457 2608 3 be be VB 34457 2608 4 evident evident JJ 34457 2608 5 , , , 34457 2608 6 from from IN 34457 2608 7 what what WP 34457 2608 8 has have VBZ 34457 2608 9 gone go VBN 34457 2608 10 before before RB 34457 2608 11 , , , 34457 2608 12 that that IN 34457 2608 13 the the DT 34457 2608 14 degree degree NN 34457 2608 15 of of IN 34457 2608 16 completeness completeness NN 34457 2608 17 with with IN 34457 2608 18 which which WDT 34457 2608 19 the the DT 34457 2608 20 different different JJ 34457 2608 21 curves curve NNS 34457 2608 22 can can MD 34457 2608 23 be be VB 34457 2608 24 realised realise VBN 34457 2608 25 will will MD 34457 2608 26 depend depend VB 34457 2608 27 on on IN 34457 2608 28 the the DT 34457 2608 29 velocity velocity NN 34457 2608 30 with with IN 34457 2608 31 which which WDT 34457 2608 32 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2608 33 change change NN 34457 2608 34 takes take VBZ 34457 2608 35 place place NN 34457 2608 36 , , , 34457 2608 37 and and CC 34457 2608 38 on on IN 34457 2608 39 the the DT 34457 2608 40 rapidity rapidity NN 34457 2608 41 with with IN 34457 2608 42 which which WDT 34457 2608 43 the the DT 34457 2608 44 determinations determination NNS 34457 2608 45 of of IN 34457 2608 46 the the DT 34457 2608 47 freezing freezing NN 34457 2608 48 point point NN 34457 2608 49 can can MD 34457 2608 50 be be VB 34457 2608 51 carried carry VBN 34457 2608 52 out out RP 34457 2608 53 . . . 34457 2609 1 As as IN 34457 2609 2 the the DT 34457 2609 3 two two CD 34457 2609 4 extremes extreme NNS 34457 2609 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2609 6 have have VBP 34457 2609 7 , , , 34457 2609 8 on on IN 34457 2609 9 the the DT 34457 2609 10 one one CD 34457 2609 11 hand hand NN 34457 2609 12 , , , 34457 2609 13 practically practically RB 34457 2609 14 instantaneous instantaneous JJ 34457 2609 15 transformation transformation NN 34457 2609 16 , , , 34457 2609 17 and and CC 34457 2609 18 on on IN 34457 2609 19 the the DT 34457 2609 20 other other JJ 34457 2609 21 , , , 34457 2609 22 practically practically RB 34457 2609 23 infinite infinite JJ 34457 2609 24 slowness slowness NN 34457 2609 25 of of IN 34457 2609 26 transformation transformation NN 34457 2609 27 . . . 34457 2610 1 In in IN 34457 2610 2 the the DT 34457 2610 3 former former JJ 34457 2610 4 case case NN 34457 2610 5 , , , 34457 2610 6 only only RB 34457 2610 7 one one CD 34457 2610 8 melting melt VBG 34457 2610 9 and and CC 34457 2610 10 freezing freezing NN 34457 2610 11 point point NN 34457 2610 12 will will MD 34457 2610 13 be be VB 34457 2610 14 found find VBN 34457 2610 15 , , , 34457 2610 16 viz viz NN 34457 2610 17 . . . 34457 2611 1 the the DT 34457 2611 2 natural natural JJ 34457 2611 3 freezing freezing NN 34457 2611 4 point point NN 34457 2611 5 ; ; : 34457 2611 6 in in IN 34457 2611 7 the the DT 34457 2611 8 latter latter JJ 34457 2611 9 case case NN 34457 2611 10 , , , 34457 2611 11 the the DT 34457 2611 12 two two CD 34457 2611 13 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2611 14 will will MD 34457 2611 15 behave behave VB 34457 2611 16 as as IN 34457 2611 17 two two CD 34457 2611 18 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 2611 19 independent independent JJ 34457 2611 20 components component NNS 34457 2611 21 , , , 34457 2611 22 and and CC 34457 2611 23 the the DT 34457 2611 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2611 25 curve curve NN 34457 2611 26 DE DE NNP 34457 2611 27 will will MD 34457 2611 28 not not RB 34457 2611 29 be be VB 34457 2611 30 realised realise VBN 34457 2611 31 . . . 34457 2612 1 The the DT 34457 2612 2 diagram diagram NN 34457 2612 3 which which WDT 34457 2612 4 is be VBZ 34457 2612 5 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2612 6 when when WRB 34457 2612 7 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2612 8 transformation transformation NN 34457 2612 9 does do VBZ 34457 2612 10 not not RB 34457 2612 11 occur occur VB 34457 2612 12 within within IN 34457 2612 13 measurable measurable JJ 34457 2612 14 time time NN 34457 2612 15 at at IN 34457 2612 16 the the DT 34457 2612 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2612 18 of of IN 34457 2612 19 the the DT 34457 2612 20 melting melting NN 34457 2612 21 point point NN 34457 2612 22 is be VBZ 34457 2612 23 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 2612 24 different different JJ 34457 2612 25 from from IN 34457 2612 26 that that DT 34457 2612 27 already already RB 34457 2612 28 given give VBN 34457 2612 29 in in IN 34457 2612 30 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2612 31 . . . 34457 2613 1 59 59 CD 34457 2613 2 . . . 34457 2614 1 In in IN 34457 2614 2 this this DT 34457 2614 3 case case NN 34457 2614 4 , , , 34457 2614 5 the the DT 34457 2614 6 two two CD 34457 2614 7 freezing freezing NN 34457 2614 8 point point NN 34457 2614 9 curves curve VBZ 34457 2614 10 AC AC NNP 34457 2614 11 and and CC 34457 2614 12 BC BC NNP 34457 2614 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2614 14 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2614 15 . . . 34457 2615 1 60 60 CD 34457 2615 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2615 3 can can MD 34457 2615 4 be be VB 34457 2615 5 readily readily RB 34457 2615 6 realized realize VBN 34457 2615 7 , , , 34457 2615 8 as as IN 34457 2615 9 no no DT 34457 2615 10 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2615 11 change change NN 34457 2615 12 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2615 13 in in IN 34457 2615 14 the the DT 34457 2615 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2615 16 phase phase NN 34457 2615 17 . . . 34457 2616 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2616 2 , , , 34457 2616 3 however however RB 34457 2616 4 , , , 34457 2616 5 that that IN 34457 2616 6 at at IN 34457 2616 7 a a DT 34457 2616 8 higher high JJR 34457 2616 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 2616 10 , , , 34457 2616 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2616 12 t t NNP 34457 2616 13 ' ' '' 34457 2616 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2616 15 , , , 34457 2616 16 reversible reversible JJ 34457 2616 17 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2616 18 transformation transformation NN 34457 2616 19 can can MD 34457 2616 20 take take VB 34457 2616 21 place place NN 34457 2616 22 , , , 34457 2616 23 the the DT 34457 2616 24 composition composition NN 34457 2616 25 of of IN 34457 2616 26 the the DT 34457 2616 27 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2616 28 phase phase NN 34457 2616 29 will will MD 34457 2616 30 alter alter VB 34457 2616 31 until until IN 34457 2616 32 at at IN 34457 2616 33 the the DT 34457 2616 34 point point NN 34457 2616 35 _ _ NNP 34457 2616 36 x x SYM 34457 2616 37 ' ' '' 34457 2616 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2616 39 a a DT 34457 2616 40 condition condition NN 34457 2616 41 of of IN 34457 2616 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2616 43 is be VBZ 34457 2616 44 reached reach VBN 34457 2616 45 ; ; : 34457 2616 46 and and CC 34457 2616 47 the the DT 34457 2616 48 composition composition NN 34457 2616 49 of of IN 34457 2616 50 the the DT 34457 2616 51 liquid liquid NN 34457 2616 52 at at IN 34457 2616 53 higher high JJR 34457 2616 54 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2616 55 will will MD 34457 2616 56 be be VB 34457 2616 57 represented represent VBN 34457 2616 58 by by IN 34457 2616 59 the the DT 34457 2616 60 curve curve NN 34457 2616 61 _ _ NNP 34457 2616 62 x'_F. x'_F. NNP 34457 2617 1 Below below IN 34457 2617 2 the the DT 34457 2617 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2617 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2617 5 t t NNP 34457 2617 6 ' ' '' 34457 2617 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2617 8 the the DT 34457 2617 9 position position NN 34457 2617 10 of of IN 34457 2617 11 the the DT 34457 2617 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2617 13 curve curve NN 34457 2617 14 is be VBZ 34457 2617 15 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 34457 2617 16 ; ; : 34457 2617 17 but but CC 34457 2617 18 as as IN 34457 2617 19 the the DT 34457 2617 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 2617 21 { { -LRB- 34457 2617 22 201 201 CD 34457 2617 23 } } -RRB- 34457 2617 24 falls fall VBZ 34457 2617 25 the the DT 34457 2617 26 velocity velocity NN 34457 2617 27 of of IN 34457 2617 28 transformation transformation NN 34457 2617 29 diminishes diminishe NNS 34457 2617 30 , , , 34457 2617 31 and and CC 34457 2617 32 at at IN 34457 2617 33 last last JJ 34457 2617 34 becomes become NNS 34457 2617 35 _ _ NNP 34457 2617 36 practically practically RB 34457 2617 37 _ _ NNP 34457 2617 38 zero zero CD 34457 2617 39 . . . 34457 2618 1 The the DT 34457 2618 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2618 3 curve curve NN 34457 2618 4 can can MD 34457 2618 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2618 6 be be VB 34457 2618 7 regarded regard VBN 34457 2618 8 as as IN 34457 2618 9 dividing divide VBG 34457 2618 10 into into IN 34457 2618 11 two two CD 34457 2618 12 branches branch NNS 34457 2618 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2618 14 x'_G x'_G NNP 34457 2618 15 and and CC 34457 2618 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2618 17 x'_H. x'_h. NN 34457 2619 1 At at IN 34457 2619 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2619 3 between between IN 34457 2619 4 G G NNP 34457 2619 5 and and CC 34457 2619 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2619 7 t t NNP 34457 2619 8 ' ' '' 34457 2619 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2619 10 the the DT 34457 2619 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2619 12 alpha alpha NN 34457 2619 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2619 14 modification modification NN 34457 2619 15 can can MD 34457 2619 16 undergo undergo VB 34457 2619 17 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2619 18 change change NN 34457 2619 19 leading lead VBG 34457 2619 20 to to IN 34457 2619 21 a a DT 34457 2619 22 point point NN 34457 2619 23 on on IN 34457 2619 24 the the DT 34457 2619 25 curve curve NN 34457 2619 26 G_x g_x CD 34457 2619 27 ' ' '' 34457 2619 28 _ _ XX 34457 2619 29 ; ; : 34457 2619 30 and and CC 34457 2619 31 the the DT 34457 2619 32 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2619 33 beta beta NN 34457 2619 34 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2619 35 modification modification NN 34457 2619 36 can can MD 34457 2619 37 undergo undergo VB 34457 2619 38 change change NN 34457 2619 39 leading lead VBG 34457 2619 40 to to IN 34457 2619 41 a a DT 34457 2619 42 point point NN 34457 2619 43 on on IN 34457 2619 44 the the DT 34457 2619 45 curve curve NN 34457 2619 46 H_x h_x NN 34457 2619 47 ' ' '' 34457 2619 48 _ _ NNP 34457 2619 49 . . . 34457 2620 1 The the DT 34457 2620 2 same same JJ 34457 2620 3 condition condition NN 34457 2620 4 of of IN 34457 2620 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2620 6 is be VBZ 34457 2620 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 2620 8 not not RB 34457 2620 9 reached reach VBN 34457 2620 10 from from IN 34457 2620 11 each each DT 34457 2620 12 side side NN 34457 2620 13 , , , 34457 2620 14 and and CC 34457 2620 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2620 16 are be VBP 34457 2620 17 therefore therefore RB 34457 2620 18 dealing deal VBG 34457 2620 19 not not RB 34457 2620 20 with with IN 34457 2620 21 true true JJ 34457 2620 22 but but CC 34457 2620 23 with with IN 34457 2620 24 false false JJ 34457 2620 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2620 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2620 27 p. p. NN 34457 2620 28 5 5 CD 34457 2620 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2620 30 . . . 34457 2621 1 Below below IN 34457 2621 2 the the DT 34457 2621 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2621 4 G g NN 34457 2621 5 and and CC 34457 2621 6 H H NNP 34457 2621 7 , , , 34457 2621 8 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2621 9 transformation transformation NN 34457 2621 10 does do VBZ 34457 2621 11 not not RB 34457 2621 12 occur occur VB 34457 2621 13 in in IN 34457 2621 14 measurable measurable JJ 34457 2621 15 time time NN 34457 2621 16 . . . 34457 2622 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2622 2 shall shall MD 34457 2622 3 not not RB 34457 2622 4 , , , 34457 2622 5 however however RB 34457 2622 6 , , , 34457 2622 7 enter enter VB 34457 2622 8 into into IN 34457 2622 9 a a DT 34457 2622 10 detailed detailed JJ 34457 2622 11 discussion discussion NN 34457 2622 12 of of IN 34457 2622 13 the the DT 34457 2622 14 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2622 15 in in IN 34457 2622 16 such such JJ 34457 2622 17 systems system NNS 34457 2622 18 , , , 34457 2622 19 more more RBR 34457 2622 20 especially especially RB 34457 2622 21 as as IN 34457 2622 22 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2622 23 are be VBP 34457 2622 24 not not RB 34457 2622 25 systems system NNS 34457 2622 26 in in IN 34457 2622 27 true true JJ 34457 2622 28 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2622 29 , , , 34457 2622 30 and and CC 34457 2622 31 as as IN 34457 2622 32 the the DT 34457 2622 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 2622 34 at at IN 34457 2622 35 which which WDT 34457 2622 36 true true JJ 34457 2622 37 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2622 38 can can MD 34457 2622 39 be be VB 34457 2622 40 established establish VBN 34457 2622 41 with with IN 34457 2622 42 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 2622 43 velocity velocity NN 34457 2622 44 alters alter NNS 34457 2622 45 under under IN 34457 2622 46 the the DT 34457 2622 47 influence influence NN 34457 2622 48 of of IN 34457 2622 49 catalytic catalytic JJ 34457 2622 50 agents agent NNS 34457 2622 51 . . . 34457 2623 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2623 2 283 283 CD 34457 2623 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2623 4 Examples Examples NNPS 34457 2623 5 of of IN 34457 2623 6 such such JJ 34457 2623 7 systems system NNS 34457 2623 8 will will MD 34457 2623 9 no no RB 34457 2623 10 doubt doubt RB 34457 2623 11 be be VB 34457 2623 12 found find VBN 34457 2623 13 in in IN 34457 2623 14 the the DT 34457 2623 15 case case NN 34457 2623 16 of of IN 34457 2623 17 optically optically RB 34457 2623 18 active active JJ 34457 2623 19 substances substance NNS 34457 2623 20 , , , 34457 2623 21 where where WRB 34457 2623 22 both both DT 34457 2623 23 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2623 24 are be VBP 34457 2623 25 apparently apparently RB 34457 2623 26 quite quite RB 34457 2623 27 stable stable JJ 34457 2623 28 at at IN 34457 2623 29 the the DT 34457 2623 30 melting melting NN 34457 2623 31 point point NN 34457 2623 32 . . . 34457 2624 1 In in IN 34457 2624 2 the the DT 34457 2624 3 case case NN 34457 2624 4 of of IN 34457 2624 5 such such JJ 34457 2624 6 substances substance NNS 34457 2624 7 , , , 34457 2624 8 also also RB 34457 2624 9 , , , 34457 2624 10 the the DT 34457 2624 11 action action NN 34457 2624 12 of of IN 34457 2624 13 catalytic catalytic JJ 34457 2624 14 agents agent NNS 34457 2624 15 in in IN 34457 2624 16 producing produce VBG 34457 2624 17 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2624 18 transformation transformation NN 34457 2624 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2624 20 racemisation racemisation NN 34457 2624 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2624 22 is be VBZ 34457 2624 23 well well RB 34457 2624 24 known known JJ 34457 2624 25 . . . 34457 2625 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2625 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2625 3 : : : 34457 2625 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2625 5 . . . 34457 2626 1 60 60 CD 34457 2626 2 . . . 34457 2626 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2627 1 Transformation transformation NN 34457 2627 2 of of IN 34457 2627 3 the the DT 34457 2627 4 Unstable Unstable NNP 34457 2627 5 into into IN 34457 2627 6 the the DT 34457 2627 7 Stable stable JJ 34457 2627 8 Form.--As Form.--As NNP 34457 2627 9 has have VBZ 34457 2627 10 already already RB 34457 2627 11 been be VBN 34457 2627 12 stated state VBN 34457 2627 13 , , , 34457 2627 14 the the DT 34457 2627 15 stable stable JJ 34457 2627 16 modification modification NN 34457 2627 17 in in IN 34457 2627 18 the the DT 34457 2627 19 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2627 20 of of IN 34457 2627 21 the the DT 34457 2627 22 melting melting NN 34457 2627 23 point point NN 34457 2627 24 is be VBZ 34457 2627 25 that that IN 34457 2627 26 one one CD 34457 2627 27 which which WDT 34457 2627 28 is be VBZ 34457 2627 29 in in IN 34457 2627 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2627 31 with with IN 34457 2627 32 the the DT 34457 2627 33 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2627 34 phase phase NN 34457 2627 35 at at IN 34457 2627 36 the the DT 34457 2627 37 natural natural JJ 34457 2627 38 freezing freezing NN 34457 2627 39 point point NN 34457 2627 40 . . . 34457 2628 1 In in IN 34457 2628 2 the the DT 34457 2628 3 case case NN 34457 2628 4 of of IN 34457 2628 5 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 2628 6 substances substance NNS 34457 2628 7 , , , 34457 2628 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2628 9 have have VBP 34457 2628 10 seen see VBN 34457 2628 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2628 12 p. p. NN 34457 2628 13 39 39 CD 34457 2628 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2628 15 that that IN 34457 2628 16 that that DT 34457 2628 17 form form NN 34457 2628 18 which which WDT 34457 2628 19 is be VBZ 34457 2628 20 stable stable JJ 34457 2628 21 in in IN 34457 2628 22 the the DT 34457 2628 23 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2628 24 of of IN 34457 2628 25 the the DT 34457 2628 26 melting melting NN 34457 2628 27 point point NN 34457 2628 28 melts melt NNS 34457 2628 29 at at IN 34457 2628 30 the the DT 34457 2628 31 higher high JJR 34457 2628 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 2628 33 . . . 34457 2629 1 That that DT 34457 2629 2 was be VBD 34457 2629 3 a a DT 34457 2629 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2629 5 202 202 CD 34457 2629 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2629 7 consequence consequence NN 34457 2629 8 of of IN 34457 2629 9 the the DT 34457 2629 10 fact fact NN 34457 2629 11 that that IN 34457 2629 12 the the DT 34457 2629 13 two two CD 34457 2629 14 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 2629 15 forms form NNS 34457 2629 16 on on IN 34457 2629 17 melting melt VBG 34457 2629 18 gave give VBD 34457 2629 19 identical identical JJ 34457 2629 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2629 21 phases phase NNS 34457 2629 22 . . . 34457 2630 1 In in IN 34457 2630 2 the the DT 34457 2630 3 present present JJ 34457 2630 4 case case NN 34457 2630 5 , , , 34457 2630 6 however however RB 34457 2630 7 , , , 34457 2630 8 the the DT 34457 2630 9 above above JJ 34457 2630 10 rule rule NN 34457 2630 11 does do VBZ 34457 2630 12 not not RB 34457 2630 13 apply apply VB 34457 2630 14 , , , 34457 2630 15 for for IN 34457 2630 16 the the DT 34457 2630 17 simple simple JJ 34457 2630 18 reason reason NN 34457 2630 19 that that IN 34457 2630 20 the the DT 34457 2630 21 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2630 22 phase phase NN 34457 2630 23 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2630 24 by by IN 34457 2630 25 the the DT 34457 2630 26 fusion fusion NN 34457 2630 27 of of IN 34457 2630 28 the the DT 34457 2630 29 one one CD 34457 2630 30 modification modification NN 34457 2630 31 is be VBZ 34457 2630 32 not not RB 34457 2630 33 identical identical JJ 34457 2630 34 with with IN 34457 2630 35 that that DT 34457 2630 36 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2630 37 by by IN 34457 2630 38 the the DT 34457 2630 39 fusion fusion NN 34457 2630 40 of of IN 34457 2630 41 the the DT 34457 2630 42 other other JJ 34457 2630 43 . . . 34457 2631 1 In in IN 34457 2631 2 the the DT 34457 2631 3 case case NN 34457 2631 4 of of IN 34457 2631 5 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2631 6 substances substance NNS 34457 2631 7 , , , 34457 2631 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2631 9 , , , 34457 2631 10 the the DT 34457 2631 11 form form NN 34457 2631 12 of of IN 34457 2631 13 lower low JJR 34457 2631 14 melting melting NN 34457 2631 15 point point NN 34457 2631 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2631 17 may may MD 34457 2631 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2631 19 be be VB 34457 2631 20 the the DT 34457 2631 21 more more RBR 34457 2631 22 stable stable JJ 34457 2631 23 ; ; : 34457 2631 24 and and CC 34457 2631 25 where where WRB 34457 2631 26 this this DT 34457 2631 27 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2631 28 is be VBZ 34457 2631 29 found find VBN 34457 2631 30 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2631 31 is be VBZ 34457 2631 32 a a DT 34457 2631 33 sign sign NN 34457 2631 34 that that IN 34457 2631 35 the the DT 34457 2631 36 two two CD 34457 2631 37 forms form NNS 34457 2631 38 are be VBP 34457 2631 39 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2631 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2631 41 or or CC 34457 2631 42 polymeric polymeric JJ 34457 2631 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2631 44 and and CC 34457 2631 45 not not RB 34457 2631 46 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 2631 47 . . . 34457 2632 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2632 2 284 284 CD 34457 2632 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2632 4 An an DT 34457 2632 5 example example NN 34457 2632 6 of of IN 34457 2632 7 this this DT 34457 2632 8 is be VBZ 34457 2632 9 found find VBN 34457 2632 10 in in IN 34457 2632 11 the the DT 34457 2632 12 case case NN 34457 2632 13 of of IN 34457 2632 14 the the DT 34457 2632 15 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2632 16 benzaldoximes benzaldoxime NNS 34457 2632 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2632 18 p. p. NN 34457 2632 19 203 203 CD 34457 2632 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2632 21 . . . 34457 2633 1 Since since IN 34457 2633 2 in in IN 34457 2633 3 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2633 4 . . . 34457 2634 1 59 59 CD 34457 2634 2 the the DT 34457 2634 3 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2634 4 alpha alpha NN 34457 2634 5 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2634 6 modification modification NN 34457 2634 7 has have VBZ 34457 2634 8 been be VBN 34457 2634 9 represented represent VBN 34457 2634 10 as as IN 34457 2634 11 the the DT 34457 2634 12 stable stable JJ 34457 2634 13 form form NN 34457 2634 14 , , , 34457 2634 15 the the DT 34457 2634 16 transformation transformation NN 34457 2634 17 of of IN 34457 2634 18 the the DT 34457 2634 19 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2634 20 beta beta NN 34457 2634 21 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2634 22 into into IN 34457 2634 23 the the DT 34457 2634 24 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2634 25 alpha alpha NN 34457 2634 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2634 27 form form NN 34457 2634 28 will will MD 34457 2634 29 be be VB 34457 2634 30 possible possible JJ 34457 2634 31 at at IN 34457 2634 32 all all DT 34457 2634 33 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2634 34 down down RP 34457 2634 35 to to IN 34457 2634 36 the the DT 34457 2634 37 transition transition NN 34457 2634 38 point point NN 34457 2634 39 . . . 34457 2635 1 At at IN 34457 2635 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2635 3 below below IN 34457 2635 4 the the DT 34457 2635 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2635 6 point point NN 34457 2635 7 , , , 34457 2635 8 transformation transformation NN 34457 2635 9 will will MD 34457 2635 10 occur occur VB 34457 2635 11 without without IN 34457 2635 12 formation formation NN 34457 2635 13 of of IN 34457 2635 14 a a DT 34457 2635 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2635 16 phase phase NN 34457 2635 17 ; ; : 34457 2635 18 but but CC 34457 2635 19 at at IN 34457 2635 20 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2635 21 above above IN 34457 2635 22 the the DT 34457 2635 23 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2635 24 point point NN 34457 2635 25 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2635 26 can can MD 34457 2635 27 take take VB 34457 2635 28 place place NN 34457 2635 29 . . . 34457 2636 1 This this DT 34457 2636 2 will will MD 34457 2636 3 be be VB 34457 2636 4 more more RBR 34457 2636 5 readily readily RB 34457 2636 6 understood understand VBN 34457 2636 7 by by IN 34457 2636 8 drawing draw VBG 34457 2636 9 a a DT 34457 2636 10 line line NN 34457 2636 11 of of IN 34457 2636 12 constant constant JJ 34457 2636 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2636 14 , , , 34457 2636 15 HK HK NNP 34457 2636 16 , , , 34457 2636 17 at at IN 34457 2636 18 some some DT 34457 2636 19 point point NN 34457 2636 20 between between IN 34457 2636 21 C C NNP 34457 2636 22 and and CC 34457 2636 23 B. B. NNP 34457 2637 1 Then then RB 34457 2637 2 if if IN 34457 2637 3 the the DT 34457 2637 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2637 5 beta beta NN 34457 2637 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2637 7 modification modification NN 34457 2637 8 is be VBZ 34457 2637 9 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2637 10 for for IN 34457 2637 11 a a DT 34457 2637 12 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 2637 13 long long JJ 34457 2637 14 time time NN 34457 2637 15 at at IN 34457 2637 16 that that DT 34457 2637 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2637 18 , , , 34457 2637 19 a a DT 34457 2637 20 certain certain JJ 34457 2637 21 amount amount NN 34457 2637 22 of of IN 34457 2637 23 the the DT 34457 2637 24 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2637 25 alpha alpha NN 34457 2637 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2637 27 modification modification NN 34457 2637 28 will will MD 34457 2637 29 be be VB 34457 2637 30 formed form VBN 34457 2637 31 ; ; : 34457 2637 32 and and CC 34457 2637 33 when when WRB 34457 2637 34 the the DT 34457 2637 35 composition composition NN 34457 2637 36 of of IN 34457 2637 37 the the DT 34457 2637 38 mixture mixture NN 34457 2637 39 has have VBZ 34457 2637 40 reached reach VBN 34457 2637 41 the the DT 34457 2637 42 point point NN 34457 2637 43 H h NN 34457 2637 44 , , , 34457 2637 45 fusion fusion NN 34457 2637 46 will will MD 34457 2637 47 occur occur VB 34457 2637 48 . . . 34457 2638 1 If if IN 34457 2638 2 the the DT 34457 2638 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2638 4 is be VBZ 34457 2638 5 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2638 6 constant constant JJ 34457 2638 7 , , , 34457 2638 8 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2638 9 transformation transformation NN 34457 2638 10 will will MD 34457 2638 11 continue continue VB 34457 2638 12 to to TO 34457 2638 13 take take VB 34457 2638 14 place place NN 34457 2638 15 in in IN 34457 2638 16 the the DT 34457 2638 17 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2638 18 phase phase NN 34457 2638 19 until until IN 34457 2638 20 the the DT 34457 2638 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2638 22 point point NN 34457 2638 23 for for IN 34457 2638 24 that that DT 34457 2638 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 2638 26 is be VBZ 34457 2638 27 reached reach VBN 34457 2638 28 . . . 34457 2639 1 If if IN 34457 2639 2 this this DT 34457 2639 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2639 4 is be VBZ 34457 2639 5 higher high JJR 34457 2639 6 than than IN 34457 2639 7 the the DT 34457 2639 8 natural natural JJ 34457 2639 9 melting melting NN 34457 2639 10 point point NN 34457 2639 11 , , , 34457 2639 12 the the DT 34457 2639 13 mixture mixture NN 34457 2639 14 will will MD 34457 2639 15 remain remain VB 34457 2639 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2639 17 all all PDT 34457 2639 18 the the DT 34457 2639 19 time time NN 34457 2639 20 ; ; : 34457 2639 21 but but CC 34457 2639 22 if if IN 34457 2639 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2639 24 is be VBZ 34457 2639 25 below below IN 34457 2639 26 the the DT 34457 2639 27 natural natural JJ 34457 2639 28 melting melting NN 34457 2639 29 point point NN 34457 2639 30 , , , 34457 2639 31 then then RB 34457 2639 32 the the DT 34457 2639 33 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2639 34 alpha alpha NN 34457 2639 35 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2639 36 modification modification NN 34457 2639 37 will will MD 34457 2639 38 be be VB 34457 2639 39 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2639 40 when when WRB 34457 2639 41 the the DT 34457 2639 42 system system NN 34457 2639 43 reaches reach VBZ 34457 2639 44 the the DT 34457 2639 45 condition condition NN 34457 2639 46 represented represent VBN 34457 2639 47 by by IN 34457 2639 48 the the DT 34457 2639 49 point point NN 34457 2639 50 on on IN 34457 2639 51 the the DT 34457 2639 52 curve curve NN 34457 2639 53 AC ac NN 34457 2639 54 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 2639 55 to to IN 34457 2639 56 the the DT 34457 2639 57 particular particular JJ 34457 2639 58 temperature temperature NN 34457 2639 59 . . . 34457 2640 1 As as IN 34457 2640 2 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2640 3 transformation transformation NN 34457 2640 4 continues continue VBZ 34457 2640 5 , , , 34457 2640 6 the the DT 34457 2640 7 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2640 8 point point NN 34457 2640 9 of of IN 34457 2640 10 the the DT 34457 2640 11 system system NN 34457 2640 12 will will MD 34457 2640 13 rise rise VB 34457 2640 14 until until IN 34457 2640 15 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2640 16 reaches reach VBZ 34457 2640 17 the the DT 34457 2640 18 natural natural JJ 34457 2640 19 freezing freezing NN 34457 2640 20 point point NN 34457 2640 21 D. D. NNP 34457 2640 22 Similarly Similarly NNP 34457 2640 23 , , , 34457 2640 24 if if IN 34457 2640 25 the the DT 34457 2640 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2640 27 alpha alpha NN 34457 2640 28 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2640 29 modification modification NN 34457 2640 30 is be VBZ 34457 2640 31 maintained maintain VBN 34457 2640 32 at at IN 34457 2640 33 a a DT 34457 2640 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 2640 35 above above IN 34457 2640 36 that that DT 34457 2640 37 of of IN 34457 2640 38 the the DT 34457 2640 39 point point NN 34457 2640 40 D d NN 34457 2640 41 , , , 34457 2640 42 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 2640 43 will will MD 34457 2640 44 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 2640 45 occur occur VB 34457 2640 46 , , , 34457 2640 47 and and CC 34457 2640 48 the the DT 34457 2640 49 system system NN 34457 2640 50 will will MD 34457 2640 51 again again RB 34457 2640 52 reach reach VB 34457 2640 53 the the DT 34457 2640 54 final final JJ 34457 2640 55 state state NN 34457 2640 56 represented represent VBN 34457 2640 57 by by IN 34457 2640 58 D.[285 D.[285 NNP 34457 2640 59 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2640 60 { { -LRB- 34457 2640 61 203 203 CD 34457 2640 62 } } -RRB- 34457 2640 63 Examples.--_Benzaldoximes examples.--_benzaldoxime NNS 34457 2640 64 . . . 34457 2640 65 _ _ NNP 34457 2640 66 The the DT 34457 2640 67 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2640 68 which which WDT 34457 2640 69 have have VBP 34457 2640 70 just just RB 34457 2640 71 been be VBN 34457 2640 72 discussed discuss VBN 34457 2640 73 from from IN 34457 2640 74 the the DT 34457 2640 75 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 2640 76 point point NN 34457 2640 77 of of IN 34457 2640 78 view view NN 34457 2640 79 will will MD 34457 2640 80 be be VB 34457 2640 81 rendered render VBN 34457 2640 82 clearer clearer RBR 34457 2640 83 by by IN 34457 2640 84 a a DT 34457 2640 85 brief brief JJ 34457 2640 86 description description NN 34457 2640 87 of of IN 34457 2640 88 cases case NNS 34457 2640 89 which which WDT 34457 2640 90 have have VBP 34457 2640 91 been be VBN 34457 2640 92 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 2640 93 investigated investigate VBN 34457 2640 94 . . . 34457 2641 1 The the DT 34457 2641 2 first first JJ 34457 2641 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2641 4 shall shall MD 34457 2641 5 consider consider VB 34457 2641 6 is be VBZ 34457 2641 7 that that DT 34457 2641 8 of of IN 34457 2641 9 the the DT 34457 2641 10 two two CD 34457 2641 11 isomeric isomeric NNP 34457 2641 12 benzaldoximes:[286]-- benzaldoximes:[286]-- NN 34457 2641 13 C_{6}H_{5}.C.H c_{6}h_{5}.c.h NN 34457 2641 14 C_{6}H_{5}.C.H c_{6}h_{5}.c.h NN 34457 2641 15 || || NNP 34457 2641 16 || || NNP 34457 2641 17 HO.N ho.n CD 34457 2641 18 N.OH N.OH NNP 34457 2641 19 Benzantialdoxime Benzantialdoxime NNP 34457 2641 20 Benzsynaldoxime Benzsynaldoxime NNP 34457 2641 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2641 22 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2641 23 alpha]-modification alpha]-modification NN 34457 2641 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2641 25 . . . 34457 2642 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2642 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2642 3 beta]-modification beta]-modification NN 34457 2642 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2642 5 . . . 34457 2643 1 Fig fig NN 34457 2643 2 . . . 34457 2644 1 61 61 CD 34457 2644 2 gives give VBZ 34457 2644 3 a a DT 34457 2644 4 graphic graphic JJ 34457 2644 5 representation representation NN 34457 2644 6 of of IN 34457 2644 7 the the DT 34457 2644 8 results result NNS 34457 2644 9 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2644 10 . . . 34457 2645 1 The the DT 34457 2645 2 melting melting NN 34457 2645 3 point point NN 34457 2645 4 of of IN 34457 2645 5 the the DT 34457 2645 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2645 7 alpha alpha NN 34457 2645 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2645 9 modification modification NN 34457 2645 10 is be VBZ 34457 2645 11 34 34 CD 34457 2645 12 - - SYM 34457 2645 13 35 35 NNP 34457 2645 14 ° ° NNS 34457 2645 15 ; ; : 34457 2645 16 the the DT 34457 2645 17 melting melting NN 34457 2645 18 point point NN 34457 2645 19 of of IN 34457 2645 20 the the DT 34457 2645 21 unstable unstable JJ 34457 2645 22 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2645 23 beta]-modification beta]-modification NN 34457 2645 24 being be VBG 34457 2645 25 130 130â CD 34457 2645 26 ° ° NNS 34457 2645 27 . . . 34457 2646 1 The the DT 34457 2646 2 freezing freeze VBG 34457 2646 3 curves curve NNS 34457 2646 4 AC AC NNP 34457 2646 5 and and CC 34457 2646 6 BC BC NNP 34457 2646 7 were be VBD 34457 2646 8 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2646 9 by by IN 34457 2646 10 determining determine VBG 34457 2646 11 the the DT 34457 2646 12 freezing freeze VBG 34457 2646 13 points point NNS 34457 2646 14 of of IN 34457 2646 15 different different JJ 34457 2646 16 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2646 17 of of IN 34457 2646 18 known know VBN 34457 2646 19 composition composition NN 34457 2646 20 , , , 34457 2646 21 and and CC 34457 2646 22 the the DT 34457 2646 23 numbers number NNS 34457 2646 24 so so RB 34457 2646 25 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2646 26 are be VBP 34457 2646 27 given give VBN 34457 2646 28 in in IN 34457 2646 29 the the DT 34457 2646 30 following follow VBG 34457 2646 31 table table NN 34457 2646 32 . . . 34457 2647 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2647 2 204 204 CD 34457 2647 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2647 4 ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2647 5 Grams gram NNS 34457 2647 6 of of IN 34457 2647 7 the the DT 34457 2647 8 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2647 9 alpha alpha NN 34457 2647 10 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2647 11 modification modification NN 34457 2647 12 | | NNP 34457 2647 13 in in IN 34457 2647 14 100 100 CD 34457 2647 15 gm gm NNP 34457 2647 16 . . . 34457 2648 1 of of IN 34457 2648 2 mixture mixture NN 34457 2648 3 . . . 34457 2649 1 | | JJ 34457 2649 2 Freezing Freezing NNP 34457 2649 3 point point NN 34457 2649 4 . . . 34457 2650 1 ----------------------------------+----------------- ----------------------------------+----------------- : 34457 2650 2 26.2 26.2 CD 34457 2650 3 | | NNP 34457 2650 4 101 101â CD 34457 2650 5 ° ° , 34457 2650 6 49.2 49.2 CD 34457 2650 7 | | NNP 34457 2650 8 79 79 NNP 34457 2650 9 ° ° , 34457 2650 10 73.7 73.7 CD 34457 2650 11 | | CD 34457 2650 12 46 46â CD 34457 2650 13 ° ° , 34457 2650 14 91.7 91.7 CD 34457 2650 15 | | CD 34457 2650 16 26.2 26.2â CD 34457 2650 17 ° ° , 34457 2650 18 95.0 95.0 CD 34457 2650 19 | | CD 34457 2650 20 28.6 28.6â CD 34457 2650 21 ° ° , 34457 2650 22 96.0 96.0 CD 34457 2650 23 | | CD 34457 2650 24 30.0 30.0â CD 34457 2650 25 ° ° NNS 34457 2650 26 ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2650 27 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2650 28 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2650 29 : : : 34457 2650 30 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2650 31 . . . 34457 2651 1 61 61 CD 34457 2651 2 . . . 34457 2651 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2652 1 The the DT 34457 2652 2 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2652 3 point point NN 34457 2652 4 C C NNP 34457 2652 5 was be VBD 34457 2652 6 found find VBN 34457 2652 7 to to TO 34457 2652 8 lie lie VB 34457 2652 9 at at IN 34457 2652 10 25 25 CD 34457 2652 11 - - HYPH 34457 2652 12 26 26â CD 34457 2652 13 ° ° NNS 34457 2652 14 , , , 34457 2652 15 and and CC 34457 2652 16 the the DT 34457 2652 17 natural natural JJ 34457 2652 18 freezing freezing NN 34457 2652 19 point point NN 34457 2652 20 D D NNP 34457 2652 21 was be VBD 34457 2652 22 found find VBN 34457 2652 23 to to TO 34457 2652 24 be be VB 34457 2652 25 27.7 27.7â CD 34457 2652 26 ° ° NNS 34457 2652 27 . . . 34457 2653 1 The the DT 34457 2653 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2653 3 curve curve NN 34457 2653 4 DE de NN 34457 2653 5 was be VBD 34457 2653 6 determined determine VBN 34457 2653 7 by by IN 34457 2653 8 heating heat VBG 34457 2653 9 the the DT 34457 2653 10 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2653 11 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2653 12 at at IN 34457 2653 13 different different JJ 34457 2653 14 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2653 15 until until IN 34457 2653 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2653 17 was be VBD 34457 2653 18 attained attain VBN 34457 2653 19 , , , 34457 2653 20 and and CC 34457 2653 21 then then RB 34457 2653 22 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2653 23 cooling cool VBG 34457 2653 24 the the DT 34457 2653 25 liquid liquid NN 34457 2653 26 . . . 34457 2654 1 In in IN 34457 2654 2 all all DT 34457 2654 3 cases case NNS 34457 2654 4 the the DT 34457 2654 5 freezing freezing NN 34457 2654 6 point point NN 34457 2654 7 was be VBD 34457 2654 8 practically practically RB 34457 2654 9 that that DT 34457 2654 10 of of IN 34457 2654 11 the the DT 34457 2654 12 point point NN 34457 2654 13 D. D. NNP 34457 2654 14 From from IN 34457 2654 15 this this DT 34457 2654 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2654 17 is be VBZ 34457 2654 18 seen see VBN 34457 2654 19 that that IN 34457 2654 20 the the DT 34457 2654 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2654 22 curve curve NN 34457 2654 23 must must MD 34457 2654 24 be be VB 34457 2654 25 a a DT 34457 2654 26 straight straight JJ 34457 2654 27 line line NN 34457 2654 28 parallel parallel NN 34457 2654 29 to to IN 34457 2654 30 the the DT 34457 2654 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2654 32 axis axis RB 34457 2654 33 ; ; : 34457 2654 34 and and CC 34457 2654 35 , , , 34457 2654 36 therefore therefore RB 34457 2654 37 , , , 34457 2654 38 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2654 39 transformation transformation NN 34457 2654 40 in in IN 34457 2654 41 the the DT 34457 2654 42 case case NN 34457 2654 43 of of IN 34457 2654 44 the the DT 34457 2654 45 two two CD 34457 2654 46 benzaldoximes benzaldoxime NNS 34457 2654 47 is be VBZ 34457 2654 48 not not RB 34457 2654 49 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2654 50 by by IN 34457 2654 51 any any DT 34457 2654 52 heat heat NN 34457 2654 53 effect effect NN 34457 2654 54 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2654 55 p. p. NN 34457 2654 56 197 197 CD 34457 2654 57 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2654 58 . . . 34457 2655 1 This this DT 34457 2655 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2655 3 has have VBZ 34457 2655 4 also also RB 34457 2655 5 been be VBN 34457 2655 6 found find VBN 34457 2655 7 in in IN 34457 2655 8 the the DT 34457 2655 9 case case NN 34457 2655 10 of of IN 34457 2655 11 acetaldoxime acetaldoxime NN 34457 2655 12 . . . 34457 2656 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2656 2 287 287 CD 34457 2656 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2656 4 The the DT 34457 2656 5 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2656 6 benzaldoximes benzaldoxime NNS 34457 2656 7 are be VBP 34457 2656 8 also also RB 34457 2656 9 of of IN 34457 2656 10 interest interest NN 34457 2656 11 from from IN 34457 2656 12 the the DT 34457 2656 13 fact fact NN 34457 2656 14 that that IN 34457 2656 15 the the DT 34457 2656 16 stable stable JJ 34457 2656 17 modification modification NN 34457 2656 18 has have VBZ 34457 2656 19 the the DT 34457 2656 20 _ _ NNP 34457 2656 21 lower low JJR 34457 2656 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2656 23 melting melting NN 34457 2656 24 point point NN 34457 2656 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2656 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2656 27 v. v. IN 34457 2656 28 _ _ NNP 34457 2656 29 p. p. NN 34457 2656 30 202 202 CD 34457 2656 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2656 32 . . . 34457 2657 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2657 2 Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde NNP 34457 2657 3 and and CC 34457 2657 4 Paraldehyde._--As paraldehyde._--as VB 34457 2657 5 a a DT 34457 2657 6 second second JJ 34457 2657 7 example example NN 34457 2657 8 of of IN 34457 2657 9 the the DT 34457 2657 10 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2657 11 between between IN 34457 2657 12 two two CD 34457 2657 13 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2657 14 , , , 34457 2657 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2657 16 shall shall MD 34457 2657 17 take take VB 34457 2657 18 the the DT 34457 2657 19 two two CD 34457 2657 20 isomeric isomeric NN 34457 2657 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2657 22 polymeric polymeric JJ 34457 2657 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2657 24 forms form NNS 34457 2657 25 of of IN 34457 2657 26 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 2657 27 , , , 34457 2657 28 which which WDT 34457 2657 29 have have VBP 34457 2657 30 recently recently RB 34457 2657 31 been be VBN 34457 2657 32 exhaustively exhaustively RB 34457 2657 33 studied study VBN 34457 2657 34 . . . 34457 2658 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2658 2 288 288 CD 34457 2658 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2658 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2658 5 205 205 CD 34457 2658 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2658 7 In in IN 34457 2658 8 the the DT 34457 2658 9 case case NN 34457 2658 10 of of IN 34457 2658 11 these these DT 34457 2658 12 two two CD 34457 2658 13 substances substance NNS 34457 2658 14 the the DT 34457 2658 15 reaction reaction NN 34457 2658 16 3CH_{3}.CHO 3ch_{3}.cho CD 34457 2658 17 < < XX 34457 2658 18 -- -- : 34457 2658 19 > > XX 34457 2658 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2658 21 CH_{3}.CHO)_{3 ch_{3}.cho)_{3 NN 34457 2658 22 } } -RRB- 34457 2658 23 takes take VBZ 34457 2658 24 place place NN 34457 2658 25 at at IN 34457 2658 26 the the DT 34457 2658 27 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 2658 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 2658 29 with with IN 34457 2658 30 very very RB 34457 2658 31 great great JJ 34457 2658 32 slowness slowness NN 34457 2658 33 . . . 34457 2659 1 For for IN 34457 2659 2 this this DT 34457 2659 3 reason reason NN 34457 2659 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2659 5 is be VBZ 34457 2659 6 possible possible JJ 34457 2659 7 to to TO 34457 2659 8 determine determine VB 34457 2659 9 the the DT 34457 2659 10 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2659 11 point point NN 34457 2659 12 curves curve NNS 34457 2659 13 of of IN 34457 2659 14 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 2659 15 and and CC 34457 2659 16 paraldehyde paraldehyde NNP 34457 2659 17 . . . 34457 2660 1 The the DT 34457 2660 2 three three CD 34457 2660 3 chief chief JJ 34457 2660 4 points point NNS 34457 2660 5 on on IN 34457 2660 6 these these DT 34457 2660 7 curves curve NNS 34457 2660 8 , , , 34457 2660 9 represented represent VBD 34457 2660 10 graphically graphically RB 34457 2660 11 in in IN 34457 2660 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2660 13 . . . 34457 2661 1 62 62 CD 34457 2661 2 , , , 34457 2661 3 are:-- are:-- NNP 34457 2661 4 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2661 5 . . . 34457 2662 1 of of IN 34457 2662 2 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NNP 34457 2662 3 - - HYPH 34457 2662 4 118.45 118.45 NNP 34457 2662 5 ° ° , 34457 2662 6 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2662 7 . . . 34457 2663 1 of of IN 34457 2663 2 paraldehyde paraldehyde NNP 34457 2663 3 + + SYM 34457 2663 4 12.55 12.55â CD 34457 2663 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2663 6 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2663 7 point point NN 34457 2663 8 - - HYPH 34457 2663 9 119.9 119.9â CD 34457 2663 10 ° ° , 34457 2663 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2663 12 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2663 13 : : : 34457 2663 14 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2663 15 . . . 34457 2664 1 62 62 CD 34457 2664 2 . . . 34457 2664 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2665 1 In in IN 34457 2665 2 order order NN 34457 2665 3 to to TO 34457 2665 4 determine determine VB 34457 2665 5 the the DT 34457 2665 6 position position NN 34457 2665 7 of of IN 34457 2665 8 the the DT 34457 2665 9 natural natural JJ 34457 2665 10 melting melting NN 34457 2665 11 point point NN 34457 2665 12 , , , 34457 2665 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2665 14 was be VBD 34457 2665 15 necessary necessary JJ 34457 2665 16 , , , 34457 2665 17 on on IN 34457 2665 18 account account NN 34457 2665 19 of of IN 34457 2665 20 the the DT 34457 2665 21 slowness slowness NN 34457 2665 22 of of IN 34457 2665 23 transformation transformation NN 34457 2665 24 , , , 34457 2665 25 to to TO 34457 2665 26 employ employ VB 34457 2665 27 a a DT 34457 2665 28 catalytic catalytic JJ 34457 2665 29 agent agent NN 34457 2665 30 in in IN 34457 2665 31 order order NN 34457 2665 32 to to TO 34457 2665 33 increase increase VB 34457 2665 34 the the DT 34457 2665 35 velocity velocity NN 34457 2665 36 with with IN 34457 2665 37 which which WDT 34457 2665 38 the the DT 34457 2665 39 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2665 40 was be VBD 34457 2665 41 established establish VBN 34457 2665 42 . . . 34457 2666 1 A a DT 34457 2666 2 drop drop NN 34457 2666 3 of of IN 34457 2666 4 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 2666 5 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 34457 2666 6 acid acid NN 34457 2666 7 served serve VBD 34457 2666 8 the the DT 34457 2666 9 purpose purpose NN 34457 2666 10 . . . 34457 2667 1 In in IN 34457 2667 2 presence presence NN 34457 2667 3 of of IN 34457 2667 4 a a DT 34457 2667 5 trace trace NN 34457 2667 6 of of IN 34457 2667 7 this this DT 34457 2667 8 substance substance NN 34457 2667 9 , , , 34457 2667 10 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 2667 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 2667 12 very very RB 34457 2667 13 speedily speedily RB 34457 2667 14 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2667 15 , , , 34457 2667 16 and and CC 34457 2667 17 leads lead VBZ 34457 2667 18 to to IN 34457 2667 19 the the DT 34457 2667 20 condition condition NN 34457 2667 21 of of IN 34457 2667 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2667 23 . . . 34457 2668 1 Starting start VBG 34457 2668 2 in in IN 34457 2668 3 the the DT 34457 2668 4 one one CD 34457 2668 5 case case NN 34457 2668 6 with with IN 34457 2668 7 fused fused JJ 34457 2668 8 paraldehyde paraldehyde NN 34457 2668 9 , , , 34457 2668 10 and and CC 34457 2668 11 in in IN 34457 2668 12 the the DT 34457 2668 13 other other JJ 34457 2668 14 case case NN 34457 2668 15 with with IN 34457 2668 16 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 2668 17 , , , 34457 2668 18 the the DT 34457 2668 19 same same JJ 34457 2668 20 freezing freezing NN 34457 2668 21 point point NN 34457 2668 22 , , , 34457 2668 23 viz viz NN 34457 2668 24 . . . 34457 2669 1 6.75 6.75 NNS 34457 2669 2 ° ° NNS 34457 2669 3 , , , 34457 2669 4 was be VBD 34457 2669 5 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2669 6 , , , 34457 2669 7 the the DT 34457 2669 8 solid solid JJ 34457 2669 9 phase phase NN 34457 2669 10 being be VBG 34457 2669 11 paraldehyde paraldehyde NN 34457 2669 12 . . . 34457 2670 1 This this DT 34457 2670 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2670 3 , , , 34457 2670 4 6.75 6.75â NN 34457 2670 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2670 6 , , , 34457 2670 7 is be VBZ 34457 2670 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2670 9 the the DT 34457 2670 10 natural natural JJ 34457 2670 11 freezing freezing NN 34457 2670 12 point point NN 34457 2670 13 , , , 34457 2670 14 and and CC 34457 2670 15 paraldehyde paraldehyde NNP 34457 2670 16 , , , 34457 2670 17 the the DT 34457 2670 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2670 19 in in IN 34457 2670 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2670 21 with with IN 34457 2670 22 the the DT 34457 2670 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2670 24 phase phase NN 34457 2670 25 at at IN 34457 2670 26 this this DT 34457 2670 27 point point NN 34457 2670 28 , , , 34457 2670 29 is be VBZ 34457 2670 30 the the DT 34457 2670 31 stable stable JJ 34457 2670 32 form form NN 34457 2670 33 . . . 34457 2671 1 With with IN 34457 2671 2 regard regard NN 34457 2671 3 to to IN 34457 2671 4 the the DT 34457 2671 5 change change NN 34457 2671 6 of of IN 34457 2671 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2671 8 with with IN 34457 2671 9 the the DT 34457 2671 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2671 11 , , , 34457 2671 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2671 13 was be VBD 34457 2671 14 found find VBN 34457 2671 15 that that IN 34457 2671 16 whereas whereas IN 34457 2671 17 the the DT 34457 2671 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2671 19 phase phase NN 34457 2671 20 contained contain VBD 34457 2671 21 11.7 11.7 CD 34457 2671 22 molecules molecule NNS 34457 2671 23 per per IN 34457 2671 24 cent cent NN 34457 2671 25 . . . 34457 2672 1 of of IN 34457 2672 2 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 2672 3 at at IN 34457 2672 4 the the DT 34457 2672 5 natural natural JJ 34457 2672 6 freezing freezing NN 34457 2672 7 point point NN 34457 2672 8 , , , 34457 2672 9 the the DT 34457 2672 10 liquid liquid NN 34457 2672 11 at at IN 34457 2672 12 the the DT 34457 2672 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2672 14 of of IN 34457 2672 15 41.6 41.6â CD 34457 2672 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2672 17 contains contain VBZ 34457 2672 18 46.6 46.6 CD 34457 2672 19 molecules molecule NNS 34457 2672 20 per per IN 34457 2672 21 cent cent NN 34457 2672 22 . . . 34457 2673 1 of of IN 34457 2673 2 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NNP 34457 2673 3 . . . 34457 2674 1 As as IN 34457 2674 2 the the DT 34457 2674 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2674 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2674 5 206 206 CD 34457 2674 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2674 7 rises rise VBZ 34457 2674 8 , , , 34457 2674 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 2674 10 , , , 34457 2674 11 there there EX 34457 2674 12 is be VBZ 34457 2674 13 increased increase VBN 34457 2674 14 formation formation NN 34457 2674 15 of of IN 34457 2674 16 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 2674 17 , , , 34457 2674 18 or or CC 34457 2674 19 a a DT 34457 2674 20 decreasing decrease VBG 34457 2674 21 amount amount NN 34457 2674 22 of of IN 34457 2674 23 polymerisation polymerisation NN 34457 2674 24 . . . 34457 2675 1 This this DT 34457 2675 2 is be VBZ 34457 2675 3 in in IN 34457 2675 4 harmony harmony NN 34457 2675 5 with with IN 34457 2675 6 the the DT 34457 2675 7 fact fact NN 34457 2675 8 that that IN 34457 2675 9 the the DT 34457 2675 10 polymerisation polymerisation NN 34457 2675 11 of of IN 34457 2675 12 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 2675 13 is be VBZ 34457 2675 14 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2675 15 by by IN 34457 2675 16 evolution evolution NN 34457 2675 17 of of IN 34457 2675 18 heat heat NN 34457 2675 19 . . . 34457 2676 1 While while IN 34457 2676 2 speaking speak VBG 34457 2676 3 of of IN 34457 2676 4 these these DT 34457 2676 5 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2676 6 , , , 34457 2676 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2676 8 may may MD 34457 2676 9 be be VB 34457 2676 10 mentioned mention VBN 34457 2676 11 that that IN 34457 2676 12 at at IN 34457 2676 13 the the DT 34457 2676 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 2676 15 41.6 41.6â LS 34457 2676 16 ° ° , 34457 2676 17 the the DT 34457 2676 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2676 19 mixture mixture NN 34457 2676 20 has have VBZ 34457 2676 21 a a DT 34457 2676 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 2676 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 2676 24 equal equal JJ 34457 2676 25 to to IN 34457 2676 26 the the DT 34457 2676 27 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 2676 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 2676 29 . . . 34457 2677 1 At at IN 34457 2677 2 this this DT 34457 2677 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2677 4 , , , 34457 2677 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2677 6 , , , 34457 2677 7 the the DT 34457 2677 8 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2677 9 mixture mixture NN 34457 2677 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2677 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2677 12 quickly quickly RB 34457 2677 13 with with IN 34457 2677 14 the the DT 34457 2677 15 help help NN 34457 2677 16 of of IN 34457 2677 17 a a DT 34457 2677 18 trace trace NN 34457 2677 19 of of IN 34457 2677 20 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 34457 2677 21 acid acid NN 34457 2677 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2677 23 boils boil NNS 34457 2677 24 . . . 34457 2678 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2678 2 289 289 CD 34457 2678 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2678 4 * * NFP 34457 2678 5 * * NFP 34457 2678 6 * * NFP 34457 2678 7 * * NFP 34457 2678 8 * * NFP 34457 2678 9 { { -LRB- 34457 2678 10 207 207 CD 34457 2678 11 } } -RRB- 34457 2678 12 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 2678 13 XII XII NNP 34457 2678 14 SUMMARY.--APPLICATION SUMMARY.--APPLICATION NNP 34457 2678 15 OF of IN 34457 2678 16 THE the DT 34457 2678 17 PHASE phase NN 34457 2678 18 RULE rule NN 34457 2678 19 TO to IN 34457 2678 20 THE the DT 34457 2678 21 STUDY STUDY NNP 34457 2678 22 OF of IN 34457 2678 23 SYSTEMS SYSTEMS NNP 34457 2678 24 OF of IN 34457 2678 25 TWO two CD 34457 2678 26 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 2678 27 In in IN 34457 2678 28 this this DT 34457 2678 29 concluding conclude VBG 34457 2678 30 chapter chapter NN 34457 2678 31 on on IN 34457 2678 32 two two CD 34457 2678 33 - - HYPH 34457 2678 34 component component NN 34457 2678 35 systems system NNS 34457 2678 36 , , , 34457 2678 37 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2678 38 is be VBZ 34457 2678 39 proposed propose VBN 34457 2678 40 to to TO 34457 2678 41 indicate indicate VB 34457 2678 42 briefly briefly RB 34457 2678 43 how how WRB 34457 2678 44 the the DT 34457 2678 45 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2678 46 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2678 47 has have VBZ 34457 2678 48 been be VBN 34457 2678 49 applied apply VBN 34457 2678 50 to to IN 34457 2678 51 the the DT 34457 2678 52 elucidation elucidation NN 34457 2678 53 of of IN 34457 2678 54 a a DT 34457 2678 55 number number NN 34457 2678 56 of of IN 34457 2678 57 problems problem NNS 34457 2678 58 connected connect VBN 34457 2678 59 with with IN 34457 2678 60 the the DT 34457 2678 61 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2678 62 between between IN 34457 2678 63 two two CD 34457 2678 64 components component NNS 34457 2678 65 , , , 34457 2678 66 and and CC 34457 2678 67 how how WRB 34457 2678 68 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2678 69 has have VBZ 34457 2678 70 been be VBN 34457 2678 71 employed employ VBN 34457 2678 72 for for IN 34457 2678 73 the the DT 34457 2678 74 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2678 75 of of IN 34457 2678 76 the the DT 34457 2678 77 data datum NNS 34457 2678 78 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2678 79 by by IN 34457 2678 80 experiment experiment NN 34457 2678 81 . . . 34457 2679 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2679 2 is be VBZ 34457 2679 3 hoped hope VBN 34457 2679 4 that that IN 34457 2679 5 the the DT 34457 2679 6 practical practical JJ 34457 2679 7 value value NN 34457 2679 8 of of IN 34457 2679 9 the the DT 34457 2679 10 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2679 11 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2679 12 may may MD 34457 2679 13 thereby thereby RB 34457 2679 14 become become VB 34457 2679 15 more more RBR 34457 2679 16 apparent apparent JJ 34457 2679 17 , , , 34457 2679 18 and and CC 34457 2679 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2679 20 application application NN 34457 2679 21 to to IN 34457 2679 22 other other JJ 34457 2679 23 cases case NNS 34457 2679 24 be be VB 34457 2679 25 rendered render VBN 34457 2679 26 easier easy JJR 34457 2679 27 . . . 34457 2680 1 The the DT 34457 2680 2 interest interest NN 34457 2680 3 and and CC 34457 2680 4 importance importance NN 34457 2680 5 of of IN 34457 2680 6 investigations investigation NNS 34457 2680 7 into into IN 34457 2680 8 the the DT 34457 2680 9 conditions condition NNS 34457 2680 10 of of IN 34457 2680 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2680 12 between between IN 34457 2680 13 two two CD 34457 2680 14 substances substance NNS 34457 2680 15 , , , 34457 2680 16 lie lie VBP 34457 2680 17 in in IN 34457 2680 18 the the DT 34457 2680 19 determination determination NN 34457 2680 20 not not RB 34457 2680 21 only only RB 34457 2680 22 of of IN 34457 2680 23 the the DT 34457 2680 24 conditions condition NNS 34457 2680 25 for for IN 34457 2680 26 the the DT 34457 2680 27 stable stable JJ 34457 2680 28 existence existence NN 34457 2680 29 of of IN 34457 2680 30 the the DT 34457 2680 31 participating participate VBG 34457 2680 32 substances substance NNS 34457 2680 33 , , , 34457 2680 34 but but CC 34457 2680 35 also also RB 34457 2680 36 of of IN 34457 2680 37 whether whether IN 34457 2680 38 or or CC 34457 2680 39 not not RB 34457 2680 40 chemical chemical JJ 34457 2680 41 action action NN 34457 2680 42 takes take VBZ 34457 2680 43 place place NN 34457 2680 44 between between IN 34457 2680 45 these these DT 34457 2680 46 two two CD 34457 2680 47 components component NNS 34457 2680 48 ; ; : 34457 2680 49 and and CC 34457 2680 50 if if IN 34457 2680 51 combination combination NN 34457 2680 52 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2680 53 , , , 34457 2680 54 in in IN 34457 2680 55 the the DT 34457 2680 56 determination determination NN 34457 2680 57 of of IN 34457 2680 58 the the DT 34457 2680 59 nature nature NN 34457 2680 60 of of IN 34457 2680 61 the the DT 34457 2680 62 compounds compound NNS 34457 2680 63 formed form VBN 34457 2680 64 and and CC 34457 2680 65 the the DT 34457 2680 66 range range NN 34457 2680 67 of of IN 34457 2680 68 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2680 69 existence existence NN 34457 2680 70 . . . 34457 2681 1 In in IN 34457 2681 2 all all DT 34457 2681 3 such such JJ 34457 2681 4 investigations investigation NNS 34457 2681 5 , , , 34457 2681 6 the the DT 34457 2681 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2681 8 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2681 9 becomes become VBZ 34457 2681 10 of of IN 34457 2681 11 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 34457 2681 12 value value NN 34457 2681 13 on on IN 34457 2681 14 account account NN 34457 2681 15 of of IN 34457 2681 16 the the DT 34457 2681 17 fact fact NN 34457 2681 18 that that IN 34457 2681 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2681 20 principles principle NNS 34457 2681 21 afford afford VBP 34457 2681 22 , , , 34457 2681 23 as as IN 34457 2681 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2681 25 were be VBD 34457 2681 26 , , , 34457 2681 27 a a DT 34457 2681 28 touchstone touchstone NN 34457 2681 29 by by IN 34457 2681 30 which which WDT 34457 2681 31 the the DT 34457 2681 32 character character NN 34457 2681 33 of of IN 34457 2681 34 the the DT 34457 2681 35 system system NN 34457 2681 36 can can MD 34457 2681 37 be be VB 34457 2681 38 determined determine VBN 34457 2681 39 , , , 34457 2681 40 and and CC 34457 2681 41 that that IN 34457 2681 42 from from IN 34457 2681 43 the the DT 34457 2681 44 form form NN 34457 2681 45 of of IN 34457 2681 46 the the DT 34457 2681 47 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2681 48 curves curve NNS 34457 2681 49 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2681 50 , , , 34457 2681 51 conclusions conclusion NNS 34457 2681 52 can can MD 34457 2681 53 be be VB 34457 2681 54 drawn draw VBN 34457 2681 55 as as IN 34457 2681 56 to to IN 34457 2681 57 the the DT 34457 2681 58 nature nature NN 34457 2681 59 of of IN 34457 2681 60 the the DT 34457 2681 61 interaction interaction NN 34457 2681 62 between between IN 34457 2681 63 the the DT 34457 2681 64 two two CD 34457 2681 65 substances substance NNS 34457 2681 66 . . . 34457 2682 1 In in IN 34457 2682 2 order order NN 34457 2682 3 to to TO 34457 2682 4 exemplify exemplify VB 34457 2682 5 the the DT 34457 2682 6 application application NN 34457 2682 7 of of IN 34457 2682 8 the the DT 34457 2682 9 principles principle NNS 34457 2682 10 of of IN 34457 2682 11 the the DT 34457 2682 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2682 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2682 14 more more RBR 34457 2682 15 fully fully RB 34457 2682 16 than than IN 34457 2682 17 has have VBZ 34457 2682 18 already already RB 34457 2682 19 been be VBN 34457 2682 20 done do VBN 34457 2682 21 , , , 34457 2682 22 illustrations illustration NNS 34457 2682 23 will will MD 34457 2682 24 be be VB 34457 2682 25 drawn draw VBN 34457 2682 26 from from IN 34457 2682 27 investigations investigation NNS 34457 2682 28 on on IN 34457 2682 29 the the DT 34457 2682 30 interaction interaction NN 34457 2682 31 of of IN 34457 2682 32 organic organic JJ 34457 2682 33 compounds compound NNS 34457 2682 34 ; ; , 34457 2682 35 on on IN 34457 2682 36 the the DT 34457 2682 37 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2682 38 between between IN 34457 2682 39 optically optically RB 34457 2682 40 active active JJ 34457 2682 41 compounds compound NNS 34457 2682 42 ; ; : 34457 2682 43 and and CC 34457 2682 44 on on IN 34457 2682 45 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2682 46 . . . 34457 2683 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2683 2 208 208 CD 34457 2683 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2683 4 Summary Summary NNP 34457 2683 5 of of IN 34457 2683 6 the the DT 34457 2683 7 Different Different NNP 34457 2683 8 Systems Systems NNPS 34457 2683 9 of of IN 34457 2683 10 Two two CD 34457 2683 11 Components.--Before components.--before DT 34457 2683 12 passing pass VBG 34457 2683 13 to to IN 34457 2683 14 the the DT 34457 2683 15 consideration consideration NN 34457 2683 16 of of IN 34457 2683 17 the the DT 34457 2683 18 application application NN 34457 2683 19 of of IN 34457 2683 20 the the DT 34457 2683 21 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2683 22 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2683 23 to to IN 34457 2683 24 the the DT 34457 2683 25 investigation investigation NN 34457 2683 26 of of IN 34457 2683 27 particular particular JJ 34457 2683 28 problems problem NNS 34457 2683 29 , , , 34457 2683 30 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2683 31 will will MD 34457 2683 32 be be VB 34457 2683 33 well well JJ 34457 2683 34 to to TO 34457 2683 35 collect collect VB 34457 2683 36 together together RB 34457 2683 37 the the DT 34457 2683 38 different different JJ 34457 2683 39 types type NNS 34457 2683 40 of of IN 34457 2683 41 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2683 42 curves curve NNS 34457 2683 43 with with IN 34457 2683 44 which which WDT 34457 2683 45 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2683 46 are be VBP 34457 2683 47 already already RB 34457 2683 48 acquainted acquaint VBN 34457 2683 49 ; ; : 34457 2683 50 to to TO 34457 2683 51 compare compare VB 34457 2683 52 them -PRON- PRP 34457 2683 53 with with IN 34457 2683 54 one one CD 34457 2683 55 another another DT 34457 2683 56 , , , 34457 2683 57 in in IN 34457 2683 58 order order NN 34457 2683 59 that that IN 34457 2683 60 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2683 61 may may MD 34457 2683 62 then then RB 34457 2683 63 employ employ VB 34457 2683 64 these these DT 34457 2683 65 characteristic characteristic JJ 34457 2683 66 curves curve NNS 34457 2683 67 for for IN 34457 2683 68 the the DT 34457 2683 69 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2683 70 of of IN 34457 2683 71 the the DT 34457 2683 72 curves curve NNS 34457 2683 73 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2683 74 as as IN 34457 2683 75 the the DT 34457 2683 76 result result NN 34457 2683 77 of of IN 34457 2683 78 experiment experiment NN 34457 2683 79 . . . 34457 2684 1 In in IN 34457 2684 2 investigating investigate VBG 34457 2684 3 the the DT 34457 2684 4 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2684 5 between between IN 34457 2684 6 two two CD 34457 2684 7 components component NNS 34457 2684 8 , , , 34457 2684 9 three three CD 34457 2684 10 chief chief JJ 34457 2684 11 classes class NNS 34457 2684 12 of of IN 34457 2684 13 curves curve NNS 34457 2684 14 will will MD 34457 2684 15 be be VB 34457 2684 16 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2684 17 according accord VBG 34457 2684 18 as-- as-- NNP 34457 2684 19 I. I. NNP 34457 2685 1 No no DT 34457 2685 2 combination combination NN 34457 2685 3 takes take VBZ 34457 2685 4 place place NN 34457 2685 5 between between IN 34457 2685 6 the the DT 34457 2685 7 two two CD 34457 2685 8 components component NNS 34457 2685 9 . . . 34457 2686 1 II ii CD 34457 2686 2 . . . 34457 2687 1 The the DT 34457 2687 2 components component NNS 34457 2687 3 can can MD 34457 2687 4 form form VB 34457 2687 5 definite definite JJ 34457 2687 6 compounds compound NNS 34457 2687 7 . . . 34457 2688 1 III iii CD 34457 2688 2 . . . 34457 2689 1 The the DT 34457 2689 2 components component NNS 34457 2689 3 separate separate VBP 34457 2689 4 out out RP 34457 2689 5 in in IN 34457 2689 6 the the DT 34457 2689 7 form form NN 34457 2689 8 of of IN 34457 2689 9 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2689 10 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2689 11 . . . 34457 2690 1 The the DT 34457 2690 2 different different JJ 34457 2690 3 types type NNS 34457 2690 4 of of IN 34457 2690 5 curves curve NNS 34457 2690 6 which which WDT 34457 2690 7 are be VBP 34457 2690 8 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2690 9 in in IN 34457 2690 10 these these DT 34457 2690 11 three three CD 34457 2690 12 cases case NNS 34457 2690 13 are be VBP 34457 2690 14 represented represent VBN 34457 2690 15 in in IN 34457 2690 16 Figs Figs NNP 34457 2690 17 . . . 34457 2691 1 63 63 CD 34457 2691 2 , , , 34457 2691 3 64 64 CD 34457 2691 4 , , , 34457 2691 5 65 65 CD 34457 2691 6 . . . 34457 2692 1 These these DT 34457 2692 2 different different JJ 34457 2692 3 diagrams diagram NNS 34457 2692 4 represent represent VBP 34457 2692 5 the the DT 34457 2692 6 whole whole JJ 34457 2692 7 series series NN 34457 2692 8 of of IN 34457 2692 9 equilibria equilibria NNP 34457 2692 10 , , , 34457 2692 11 from from IN 34457 2692 12 the the DT 34457 2692 13 melting melting NN 34457 2692 14 point point NN 34457 2692 15 of of IN 34457 2692 16 the the DT 34457 2692 17 one one CD 34457 2692 18 component component NN 34457 2692 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2692 20 A a NN 34457 2692 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2692 22 to to IN 34457 2692 23 that that DT 34457 2692 24 of of IN 34457 2692 25 the the DT 34457 2692 26 other other JJ 34457 2692 27 component component NN 34457 2692 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2692 29 B b NN 34457 2692 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2692 31 . . . 34457 2693 1 The the DT 34457 2693 2 curves curve NNS 34457 2693 3 represent represent VBP 34457 2693 4 , , , 34457 2693 5 in in IN 34457 2693 6 all all DT 34457 2693 7 cases case NNS 34457 2693 8 , , , 34457 2693 9 the the DT 34457 2693 10 composition composition NN 34457 2693 11 of of IN 34457 2693 12 the the DT 34457 2693 13 solution solution NN 34457 2693 14 , , , 34457 2693 15 or or CC 34457 2693 16 phase phase NN 34457 2693 17 of of IN 34457 2693 18 variable variable JJ 34457 2693 19 composition composition NN 34457 2693 20 ; ; : 34457 2693 21 the the DT 34457 2693 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 2693 23 being be VBG 34457 2693 24 measured measure VBN 34457 2693 25 along along IN 34457 2693 26 one one CD 34457 2693 27 axis axis NN 34457 2693 28 , , , 34457 2693 29 and and CC 34457 2693 30 the the DT 34457 2693 31 composition composition NN 34457 2693 32 along along IN 34457 2693 33 the the DT 34457 2693 34 other other JJ 34457 2693 35 . . . 34457 2694 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2694 2 shall shall MD 34457 2694 3 now now RB 34457 2694 4 recapitulate recapitulate VB 34457 2694 5 very very RB 34457 2694 6 briefly briefly RB 34457 2694 7 the the DT 34457 2694 8 characteristics characteristic NNS 34457 2694 9 of of IN 34457 2694 10 the the DT 34457 2694 11 different different JJ 34457 2694 12 curves curve NNS 34457 2694 13 . . . 34457 2695 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2695 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2695 3 : : : 34457 2695 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2695 5 . . . 34457 2696 1 63 63 CD 34457 2696 2 . . . 34457 2696 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2697 1 If if IN 34457 2697 2 no no DT 34457 2697 3 compound compound NN 34457 2697 4 is be VBZ 34457 2697 5 formed form VBN 34457 2697 6 between between IN 34457 2697 7 the the DT 34457 2697 8 two two CD 34457 2697 9 components component NNS 34457 2697 10 , , , 34457 2697 11 { { -LRB- 34457 2697 12 209 209 CD 34457 2697 13 } } -RRB- 34457 2697 14 the the DT 34457 2697 15 general general JJ 34457 2697 16 form form NN 34457 2697 17 of of IN 34457 2697 18 the the DT 34457 2697 19 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2697 20 curve curve NN 34457 2697 21 will will MD 34457 2697 22 be be VB 34457 2697 23 that that DT 34457 2697 24 of of IN 34457 2697 25 curve curve NN 34457 2697 26 I. i. NN 34457 2697 27 or or CC 34457 2697 28 II II NNP 34457 2697 29 . . NNP 34457 2697 30 , , , 34457 2697 31 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2697 32 . . . 34457 2698 1 63 63 CD 34457 2698 2 . . . 34457 2699 1 Type Type NNP 34457 2699 2 I. I. NNP 34457 2699 3 is be VBZ 34457 2699 4 the the DT 34457 2699 5 simplest simple JJS 34457 2699 6 form form NN 34457 2699 7 of of IN 34457 2699 8 curve curve NN 34457 2699 9 found find VBN 34457 2699 10 , , , 34457 2699 11 and and CC 34457 2699 12 consists consist VBZ 34457 2699 13 , , , 34457 2699 14 as as IN 34457 2699 15 the the DT 34457 2699 16 diagram diagram NN 34457 2699 17 shows show VBZ 34457 2699 18 , , , 34457 2699 19 of of IN 34457 2699 20 only only RB 34457 2699 21 two two CD 34457 2699 22 branches branch NNS 34457 2699 23 , , , 34457 2699 24 AC AC NNP 34457 2699 25 and and CC 34457 2699 26 BC BC NNP 34457 2699 27 , , , 34457 2699 28 meeting meet VBG 34457 2699 29 at at IN 34457 2699 30 the the DT 34457 2699 31 point point NN 34457 2699 32 C C NNP 34457 2699 33 , , , 34457 2699 34 _ _ NNP 34457 2699 35 which which WDT 34457 2699 36 lies lie VBZ 34457 2699 37 below below IN 34457 2699 38 the the DT 34457 2699 39 melting melting NN 34457 2699 40 point point NN 34457 2699 41 of of IN 34457 2699 42 either either DT 34457 2699 43 component component NN 34457 2699 44 _ _ NNP 34457 2699 45 . . . 34457 2700 1 The the DT 34457 2700 2 solid solid JJ 34457 2700 3 phase phase NN 34457 2700 4 which which WDT 34457 2700 5 is be VBZ 34457 2700 6 in in IN 34457 2700 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2700 8 with with IN 34457 2700 9 the the DT 34457 2700 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 2700 11 AC AC NNP 34457 2700 12 is be VBZ 34457 2700 13 pure pure JJ 34457 2700 14 A a NN 34457 2700 15 ; ; : 34457 2700 16 that that IN 34457 2700 17 in in IN 34457 2700 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2700 19 with with IN 34457 2700 20 BC BC NNP 34457 2700 21 , , , 34457 2700 22 pure pure JJ 34457 2700 23 B. B. NNP 34457 2701 1 C C NNP 34457 2701 2 is be VBZ 34457 2701 3 the the DT 34457 2701 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2701 5 point point NN 34457 2701 6 . . . 34457 2702 1 Although although IN 34457 2702 2 at at IN 34457 2702 3 the the DT 34457 2702 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2702 5 point point NN 34457 2702 6 the the DT 34457 2702 7 solution solution NN 34457 2702 8 solidifies solidifie NNS 34457 2702 9 entirely entirely RB 34457 2702 10 without without IN 34457 2702 11 change change NN 34457 2702 12 of of IN 34457 2702 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2702 14 , , , 34457 2702 15 the the DT 34457 2702 16 solid solid JJ 34457 2702 17 which which WDT 34457 2702 18 is be VBZ 34457 2702 19 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2702 20 is be VBZ 34457 2702 21 not not RB 34457 2702 22 a a DT 34457 2702 23 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2702 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2702 25 phase phase NN 34457 2702 26 , , , 34457 2702 27 but but CC 34457 2702 28 a a DT 34457 2702 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 2702 30 , , , 34457 2702 31 or or CC 34457 2702 32 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 2702 33 of of IN 34457 2702 34 the the DT 34457 2702 35 two two CD 34457 2702 36 components component NNS 34457 2702 37 . . . 34457 2703 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2703 2 The the DT 34457 2703 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2703 4 point point NN 34457 2703 5 , , , 34457 2703 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2703 7 , , , 34457 2703 8 represents represent VBZ 34457 2703 9 the the DT 34457 2703 10 melting melt VBG 34457 2703 11 or or CC 34457 2703 12 freezing freezing NN 34457 2703 13 point point NN 34457 2703 14 , , , 34457 2703 15 not not RB 34457 2703 16 of of IN 34457 2703 17 a a DT 34457 2703 18 compound compound NN 34457 2703 19 , , , 34457 2703 20 but but CC 34457 2703 21 of of IN 34457 2703 22 a a DT 34457 2703 23 mixture mixture NN 34457 2703 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2703 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2703 26 p. p. NN 34457 2703 27 119 119 CD 34457 2703 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2703 29 . . . 34457 2704 1 Curve curve NN 34457 2704 2 II II NNP 34457 2704 3 . . NN 34457 2704 4 , , , 34457 2704 5 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2704 6 . . . 34457 2705 1 63 63 CD 34457 2705 2 , , , 34457 2705 3 is be VBZ 34457 2705 4 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2705 5 when when WRB 34457 2705 6 two two CD 34457 2705 7 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2705 8 phases phase NNS 34457 2705 9 are be VBP 34457 2705 10 formed form VBN 34457 2705 11 . . . 34457 2706 1 C C NNP 34457 2706 2 is be VBZ 34457 2706 3 an an DT 34457 2706 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2706 5 point point NN 34457 2706 6 , , , 34457 2706 7 D d NN 34457 2706 8 and and CC 34457 2706 9 F F NNP 34457 2706 10 are be VBP 34457 2706 11 transition transition NN 34457 2706 12 points point NNS 34457 2706 13 at at IN 34457 2706 14 which which WDT 34457 2706 15 there there EX 34457 2706 16 can can MD 34457 2706 17 co co VB 34457 2706 18 - - VB 34457 2706 19 exist exist VB 34457 2706 20 the the DT 34457 2706 21 four four CD 34457 2706 22 phases phase NNS 34457 2706 23 -- -- : 34457 2706 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2706 25 , , , 34457 2706 26 two two CD 34457 2706 27 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2706 28 phases phase NNS 34457 2706 29 , , , 34457 2706 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 2706 31 . . . 34457 2707 1 DEF DEF NNP 34457 2707 2 represents represent VBZ 34457 2707 3 the the DT 34457 2707 4 change change NN 34457 2707 5 in in IN 34457 2707 6 the the DT 34457 2707 7 composition composition NN 34457 2707 8 of of IN 34457 2707 9 the the DT 34457 2707 10 two two CD 34457 2707 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2707 12 phases phase NNS 34457 2707 13 with with IN 34457 2707 14 rise rise NN 34457 2707 15 of of IN 34457 2707 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 2707 17 ; ; : 34457 2707 18 the the DT 34457 2707 19 curve curve NN 34457 2707 20 might may MD 34457 2707 21 also also RB 34457 2707 22 have have VB 34457 2707 23 the the DT 34457 2707 24 reversed reversed JJ 34457 2707 25 form form NN 34457 2707 26 with with IN 34457 2707 27 the the DT 34457 2707 28 critical critical JJ 34457 2707 29 solution solution NN 34457 2707 30 point point NN 34457 2707 31 below below IN 34457 2707 32 the the DT 34457 2707 33 transition transition NN 34457 2707 34 points point VBZ 34457 2707 35 D D NNP 34457 2707 36 and and CC 34457 2707 37 F. F. NNP 34457 2707 38 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2707 39 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2707 40 : : : 34457 2707 41 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2707 42 . . . 34457 2708 1 64 64 CD 34457 2708 2 . . . 34457 2708 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2709 1 In in IN 34457 2709 2 the the DT 34457 2709 3 second second JJ 34457 2709 4 class class NN 34457 2709 5 of of IN 34457 2709 6 systems system NNS 34457 2709 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2709 8 Fig fig NN 34457 2709 9 . . . 34457 2710 1 64 64 CD 34457 2710 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2710 3 , , , 34457 2710 4 that that IN 34457 2710 5 in in IN 34457 2710 6 which which WDT 34457 2710 7 combination combination NN 34457 2710 8 between between IN 34457 2710 9 the the DT 34457 2710 10 components component NNS 34457 2710 11 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2710 12 , , , 34457 2710 13 there there EX 34457 2710 14 are be VBP 34457 2710 15 again again RB 34457 2710 16 two two CD 34457 2710 17 types type NNS 34457 2710 18 according accord VBG 34457 2710 19 as as IN 34457 2710 20 the the DT 34457 2710 21 compound compound NN 34457 2710 22 formed form VBD 34457 2710 23 has have VBZ 34457 2710 24 a a DT 34457 2710 25 definite definite JJ 34457 2710 26 melting melting NN 34457 2710 27 point point NN 34457 2710 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2710 29 _ _ NNP 34457 2710 30 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2710 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2710 32 can can MD 34457 2710 33 exist exist VB 34457 2710 34 in in IN 34457 2710 35 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2710 36 with with IN 34457 2710 37 a a DT 34457 2710 38 solution solution NN 34457 2710 39 of of IN 34457 2710 40 the the DT 34457 2710 41 same same JJ 34457 2710 42 composition composition NN 34457 2710 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2710 44 , , , 34457 2710 45 or or CC 34457 2710 46 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 2710 47 only only RB 34457 2710 48 partial partial JJ 34457 2710 49 fusion fusion NN 34457 2710 50 ; ; : 34457 2710 51 that that RB 34457 2710 52 is is RB 34457 2710 53 , , , 34457 2710 54 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2710 55 a a DT 34457 2710 56 transition transition NN 34457 2710 57 point point NN 34457 2710 58 . . . 34457 2711 1 If if IN 34457 2711 2 a a DT 34457 2711 3 compound compound NN 34457 2711 4 possessing possess VBG 34457 2711 5 a a DT 34457 2711 6 definite definite JJ 34457 2711 7 melting melting NN 34457 2711 8 point point NN 34457 2711 9 is be VBZ 34457 2711 10 formed form VBN 34457 2711 11 , , , 34457 2711 12 the the DT 34457 2711 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2711 14 curve curve NN 34457 2711 15 will will MD 34457 2711 16 have have VB 34457 2711 17 the the DT 34457 2711 18 general general JJ 34457 2711 19 form form NN 34457 2711 20 shown show VBN 34457 2711 21 by by IN 34457 2711 22 curve curve NN 34457 2711 23 I. i. NN 34457 2711 24 , , , 34457 2711 25 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2711 26 . . . 34457 2712 1 64 64 CD 34457 2712 2 . . . 34457 2713 1 A a DT 34457 2713 2 , , , 34457 2713 3 B b NN 34457 2713 4 , , , 34457 2713 5 and and CC 34457 2713 6 D d NN 34457 2713 7 are be VBP 34457 2713 8 the the DT 34457 2713 9 melting melt VBG 34457 2713 10 points point NNS 34457 2713 11 of of IN 34457 2713 12 pure pure JJ 34457 2713 13 A A NNP 34457 2713 14 , , , 34457 2713 15 pure pure JJ 34457 2713 16 B b NN 34457 2713 17 , , , 34457 2713 18 and and CC 34457 2713 19 of of IN 34457 2713 20 the the DT 34457 2713 21 compound compound NN 34457 2713 22 A_{x}B_{y A_{x}B_{y NNS 34457 2713 23 } } -RRB- 34457 2713 24 respectively respectively RB 34457 2713 25 . . . 34457 2714 1 AC AC NNP 34457 2714 2 { { -LRB- 34457 2714 3 210 210 CD 34457 2714 4 } } -RRB- 34457 2714 5 is be VBZ 34457 2714 6 the the DT 34457 2714 7 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2714 8 point point NN 34457 2714 9 curve curve NN 34457 2714 10 of of IN 34457 2714 11 A a NN 34457 2714 12 in in IN 34457 2714 13 presence presence NN 34457 2714 14 of of IN 34457 2714 15 B b NN 34457 2714 16 ; ; : 34457 2714 17 BE be VB 34457 2714 18 that that DT 34457 2714 19 of of IN 34457 2714 20 B b NN 34457 2714 21 in in IN 34457 2714 22 presence presence NN 34457 2714 23 of of IN 34457 2714 24 A a DT 34457 2714 25 ; ; : 34457 2714 26 and and CC 34457 2714 27 DC DC NNP 34457 2714 28 and and CC 34457 2714 29 DE DE NNP 34457 2714 30 the the DT 34457 2714 31 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2714 32 point point NN 34457 2714 33 curves curve NNS 34457 2714 34 of of IN 34457 2714 35 the the DT 34457 2714 36 compound compound NN 34457 2714 37 in in IN 34457 2714 38 presence presence NN 34457 2714 39 of of IN 34457 2714 40 a a DT 34457 2714 41 solution solution NN 34457 2714 42 containing contain VBG 34457 2714 43 excess excess NN 34457 2714 44 of of IN 34457 2714 45 one one CD 34457 2714 46 of of IN 34457 2714 47 the the DT 34457 2714 48 components component NNS 34457 2714 49 . . . 34457 2715 1 C C NNP 34457 2715 2 and and CC 34457 2715 3 E e NN 34457 2715 4 are be VBP 34457 2715 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2715 6 points point NNS 34457 2715 7 at at IN 34457 2715 8 which which WDT 34457 2715 9 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2715 10 of of IN 34457 2715 11 A a NN 34457 2715 12 and and CC 34457 2715 13 A_{x}B_{y A_{x}B_{y NNP 34457 2715 14 } } -RRB- 34457 2715 15 , , , 34457 2715 16 or or CC 34457 2715 17 B B NNP 34457 2715 18 and and CC 34457 2715 19 A_{x}B_{y A_{x}B_{y NNP 34457 2715 20 } } -RRB- 34457 2715 21 can can MD 34457 2715 22 co co VB 34457 2715 23 - - VB 34457 2715 24 exist exist VB 34457 2715 25 in in IN 34457 2715 26 contact contact NN 34457 2715 27 with with IN 34457 2715 28 solution solution NN 34457 2715 29 . . . 34457 2716 1 The the DT 34457 2716 2 curve curve NN 34457 2716 3 CDE CDE NNP 34457 2716 4 may may MD 34457 2716 5 be be VB 34457 2716 6 large large JJ 34457 2716 7 or or CC 34457 2716 8 small small JJ 34457 2716 9 , , , 34457 2716 10 and and CC 34457 2716 11 the the DT 34457 2716 12 melting melting NN 34457 2716 13 point point NN 34457 2716 14 of of IN 34457 2716 15 the the DT 34457 2716 16 compound compound NN 34457 2716 17 , , , 34457 2716 18 D d NN 34457 2716 19 , , , 34457 2716 20 may may MD 34457 2716 21 lie lie VB 34457 2716 22 above above RB 34457 2716 23 or or CC 34457 2716 24 below below IN 34457 2716 25 that that DT 34457 2716 26 of of IN 34457 2716 27 each each DT 34457 2716 28 of of IN 34457 2716 29 the the DT 34457 2716 30 components component NNS 34457 2716 31 , , , 34457 2716 32 or or CC 34457 2716 33 may may MD 34457 2716 34 have have VB 34457 2716 35 an an DT 34457 2716 36 intermediate intermediate JJ 34457 2716 37 position position NN 34457 2716 38 . . . 34457 2717 1 If if IN 34457 2717 2 more more JJR 34457 2717 3 than than IN 34457 2717 4 one one CD 34457 2717 5 compound compound NN 34457 2717 6 can can MD 34457 2717 7 be be VB 34457 2717 8 formed form VBN 34457 2717 9 , , , 34457 2717 10 a a DT 34457 2717 11 series series NN 34457 2717 12 of of IN 34457 2717 13 curves curve NNS 34457 2717 14 similar similar JJ 34457 2717 15 to to IN 34457 2717 16 CDE CDE NNP 34457 2717 17 will will MD 34457 2717 18 be be VB 34457 2717 19 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2717 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2717 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2717 22 cf cf NNP 34457 2717 23 . . . 34457 2717 24 _ _ NNP 34457 2717 25 p. p. NN 34457 2717 26 152 152 CD 34457 2717 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2717 28 . . . 34457 2718 1 On on IN 34457 2718 2 the the DT 34457 2718 3 other other JJ 34457 2718 4 hand hand NN 34457 2718 5 , , , 34457 2718 6 if if IN 34457 2718 7 the the DT 34457 2718 8 compound compound NN 34457 2718 9 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 2718 10 transition transition NN 34457 2718 11 to to IN 34457 2718 12 another another DT 34457 2718 13 solid solid JJ 34457 2718 14 phase phase NN 34457 2718 15 at at IN 34457 2718 16 a a DT 34457 2718 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 2718 18 below below IN 34457 2718 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2718 20 melting melting NN 34457 2718 21 point point NN 34457 2718 22 , , , 34457 2718 23 a a DT 34457 2718 24 curve curve NN 34457 2718 25 of of IN 34457 2718 26 the the DT 34457 2718 27 form form NN 34457 2718 28 II II NNP 34457 2718 29 . . NNP 34457 2718 30 , , , 34457 2718 31 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2718 32 . . . 34457 2719 1 64 64 CD 34457 2719 2 , , , 34457 2719 3 will will MD 34457 2719 4 be be VB 34457 2719 5 found find VBN 34457 2719 6 . . . 34457 2720 1 This this DT 34457 2720 2 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 2720 3 to to IN 34457 2720 4 the the DT 34457 2720 5 case case NN 34457 2720 6 where where WRB 34457 2720 7 a a DT 34457 2720 8 compound compound NN 34457 2720 9 can can MD 34457 2720 10 exist exist VB 34457 2720 11 only only RB 34457 2720 12 in in IN 34457 2720 13 contact contact NN 34457 2720 14 with with IN 34457 2720 15 solutions solution NNS 34457 2720 16 containing contain VBG 34457 2720 17 excess excess NN 34457 2720 18 of of IN 34457 2720 19 one one CD 34457 2720 20 of of IN 34457 2720 21 the the DT 34457 2720 22 components component NNS 34457 2720 23 . . . 34457 2721 1 The the DT 34457 2721 2 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2721 3 continuation continuation NN 34457 2721 4 of of IN 34457 2721 5 the the DT 34457 2721 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2721 7 curve curve NN 34457 2721 8 for for IN 34457 2721 9 the the DT 34457 2721 10 compound compound NN 34457 2721 11 is be VBZ 34457 2721 12 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2721 13 by by IN 34457 2721 14 the the DT 34457 2721 15 dotted dotted JJ 34457 2721 16 line line NN 34457 2721 17 , , , 34457 2721 18 the the DT 34457 2721 19 summit summit NN 34457 2721 20 of of IN 34457 2721 21 which which WDT 34457 2721 22 would would MD 34457 2721 23 be be VB 34457 2721 24 the the DT 34457 2721 25 melting melting NN 34457 2721 26 point point NN 34457 2721 27 of of IN 34457 2721 28 the the DT 34457 2721 29 compound compound NN 34457 2721 30 . . . 34457 2722 1 Before before IN 34457 2722 2 this this DT 34457 2722 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2722 4 is be VBZ 34457 2722 5 reached reach VBN 34457 2722 6 , , , 34457 2722 7 however however RB 34457 2722 8 , , , 34457 2722 9 the the DT 34457 2722 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2722 11 compound compound NN 34457 2722 12 ceases cease VBZ 34457 2722 13 to to TO 34457 2722 14 be be VB 34457 2722 15 able able JJ 34457 2722 16 to to TO 34457 2722 17 exist exist VB 34457 2722 18 in in IN 34457 2722 19 contact contact NN 34457 2722 20 with with IN 34457 2722 21 solution solution NN 34457 2722 22 , , , 34457 2722 23 and and CC 34457 2722 24 transition transition NN 34457 2722 25 to to IN 34457 2722 26 a a DT 34457 2722 27 different different JJ 34457 2722 28 solid solid JJ 34457 2722 29 phase phase NN 34457 2722 30 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2722 31 at at IN 34457 2722 32 the the DT 34457 2722 33 point point NN 34457 2722 34 E e NN 34457 2722 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2722 36 _ _ NNP 34457 2722 37 cf cf NNP 34457 2722 38 . . . 34457 2722 39 _ _ NNP 34457 2722 40 p. p. NN 34457 2722 41 134 134 CD 34457 2722 42 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2722 43 . . . 34457 2723 1 This this DT 34457 2723 2 point point NN 34457 2723 3 , , , 34457 2723 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 2723 5 , , , 34457 2723 6 represents represent VBZ 34457 2723 7 the the DT 34457 2723 8 limit limit NN 34457 2723 9 of of IN 34457 2723 10 the the DT 34457 2723 11 existence existence NN 34457 2723 12 of of IN 34457 2723 13 the the DT 34457 2723 14 compound compound NN 34457 2723 15 AB AB NNP 34457 2723 16 . . . 34457 2724 1 If if IN 34457 2724 2 a a DT 34457 2724 3 series series NN 34457 2724 4 of of IN 34457 2724 5 compounds compound NNS 34457 2724 6 can can MD 34457 2724 7 be be VB 34457 2724 8 formed form VBN 34457 2724 9 none none NN 34457 2724 10 of of IN 34457 2724 11 which which WDT 34457 2724 12 possess possess VBP 34457 2724 13 a a DT 34457 2724 14 definite definite JJ 34457 2724 15 melting melting NN 34457 2724 16 point point NN 34457 2724 17 , , , 34457 2724 18 then then RB 34457 2724 19 a a DT 34457 2724 20 series series NN 34457 2724 21 of of IN 34457 2724 22 curves curve NNS 34457 2724 23 will will MD 34457 2724 24 be be VB 34457 2724 25 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2724 26 which which WDT 34457 2724 27 do do VBP 34457 2724 28 not not RB 34457 2724 29 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2724 30 a a DT 34457 2724 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 2724 32 - - HYPH 34457 2724 33 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2724 34 , , , 34457 2724 35 and and CC 34457 2724 36 there there EX 34457 2724 37 will will MD 34457 2724 38 be be VB 34457 2724 39 only only RB 34457 2724 40 one one CD 34457 2724 41 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2724 42 point point NN 34457 2724 43 . . . 34457 2725 1 The the DT 34457 2725 2 limits limit NNS 34457 2725 3 of of IN 34457 2725 4 existence existence NN 34457 2725 5 of of IN 34457 2725 6 each each DT 34457 2725 7 compound compound NN 34457 2725 8 will will MD 34457 2725 9 be be VB 34457 2725 10 marked mark VBN 34457 2725 11 by by IN 34457 2725 12 a a DT 34457 2725 13 break break NN 34457 2725 14 in in IN 34457 2725 15 the the DT 34457 2725 16 curve curve NN 34457 2725 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2725 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2725 19 cf cf NNP 34457 2725 20 . . . 34457 2725 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2725 22 p. p. NN 34457 2725 23 143 143 CD 34457 2725 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2725 25 . . . 34457 2726 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2726 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2726 3 : : : 34457 2726 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2726 5 . . . 34457 2727 1 65 65 CD 34457 2727 2 . . . 34457 2727 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2728 1 Turning turning NN 34457 2728 2 , , , 34457 2728 3 lastly lastly RB 34457 2728 4 , , , 34457 2728 5 to to IN 34457 2728 6 the the DT 34457 2728 7 third third JJ 34457 2728 8 class class NN 34457 2728 9 of of IN 34457 2728 10 systems system NNS 34457 2728 11 , , , 34457 2728 12 in in IN 34457 2728 13 which which WDT 34457 2728 14 formation formation NN 34457 2728 15 of of IN 34457 2728 16 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2728 17 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2728 18 can can MD 34457 2728 19 occur occur VB 34457 2728 20 , , , 34457 2728 21 five five CD 34457 2728 22 different different JJ 34457 2728 23 types type NNS 34457 2728 24 of of IN 34457 2728 25 curves curve NNS 34457 2728 26 can can MD 34457 2728 27 be be VB 34457 2728 28 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2728 29 , , , 34457 2728 30 as as IN 34457 2728 31 shown show VBN 34457 2728 32 in in IN 34457 2728 33 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2728 34 . . . 34457 2729 1 65 65 CD 34457 2729 2 . . . 34457 2730 1 With with IN 34457 2730 2 regard regard NN 34457 2730 3 to to IN 34457 2730 4 the the DT 34457 2730 5 first first JJ 34457 2730 6 three three CD 34457 2730 7 types type NNS 34457 2730 8 , , , 34457 2730 9 curves curve NNS 34457 2730 10 I. I. NNP 34457 2730 11 , , , 34457 2730 12 II II NNP 34457 2730 13 . . NNP 34457 2730 14 , , , 34457 2730 15 and and CC 34457 2730 16 III III NNP 34457 2730 17 . . . 34457 2730 18 , , , 34457 2730 19 { { -LRB- 34457 2730 20 211 211 CD 34457 2730 21 } } -RRB- 34457 2730 22 these these DT 34457 2730 23 differ differ VBP 34457 2730 24 entirely entirely RB 34457 2730 25 from from IN 34457 2730 26 those those DT 34457 2730 27 of of IN 34457 2730 28 the the DT 34457 2730 29 previous previous JJ 34457 2730 30 classes class NNS 34457 2730 31 , , , 34457 2730 32 in in IN 34457 2730 33 that that IN 34457 2730 34 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2730 35 are be VBP 34457 2730 36 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2730 37 ; ; : 34457 2730 38 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2730 39 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 2730 40 no no DT 34457 2730 41 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2730 42 point point NN 34457 2730 43 , , , 34457 2730 44 and and CC 34457 2730 45 no no DT 34457 2730 46 transition transition NN 34457 2730 47 point point NN 34457 2730 48 . . . 34457 2731 1 Curve curve NN 34457 2731 2 II II NNP 34457 2731 3 . . . 34457 2732 1 bears bear VBZ 34457 2732 2 some some DT 34457 2732 3 resemblance resemblance NN 34457 2732 4 to to IN 34457 2732 5 the the DT 34457 2732 6 melting melt VBG 34457 2732 7 - - HYPH 34457 2732 8 point point NN 34457 2732 9 curve curve NN 34457 2732 10 of of IN 34457 2732 11 a a DT 34457 2732 12 compound compound NN 34457 2732 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2732 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2732 15 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 2732 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2732 17 CDE CDE NNP 34457 2732 18 , , , 34457 2732 19 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2732 20 . . . 34457 2733 1 64 64 CD 34457 2733 2 , , , 34457 2733 3 I. i. NN 34457 2734 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2734 2 , , , 34457 2734 3 but but CC 34457 2734 4 differs differ VBZ 34457 2734 5 markedly markedly RB 34457 2734 6 from from IN 34457 2734 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2734 8 in in IN 34457 2734 9 not not RB 34457 2734 10 ending end VBG 34457 2734 11 in in IN 34457 2734 12 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2734 13 points point NNS 34457 2734 14 . . . 34457 2735 1 Further further RB 34457 2735 2 , , , 34457 2735 3 in in IN 34457 2735 4 the the DT 34457 2735 5 case case NN 34457 2735 6 of of IN 34457 2735 7 the the DT 34457 2735 8 formation formation NN 34457 2735 9 of of IN 34457 2735 10 a a DT 34457 2735 11 compound compound NN 34457 2735 12 , , , 34457 2735 13 the the DT 34457 2735 14 composition composition NN 34457 2735 15 of of IN 34457 2735 16 the the DT 34457 2735 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2735 18 phase phase NN 34457 2735 19 remains remain VBZ 34457 2735 20 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 2735 21 throughout throughout IN 34457 2735 22 the the DT 34457 2735 23 whole whole JJ 34457 2735 24 curve curve NN 34457 2735 25 between between IN 34457 2735 26 the the DT 34457 2735 27 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2735 28 points point NNS 34457 2735 29 ; ; : 34457 2735 30 whereas whereas RB 34457 2735 31 , , , 34457 2735 32 when when WRB 34457 2735 33 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2735 34 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2735 35 are be VBP 34457 2735 36 produced produce VBN 34457 2735 37 , , , 34457 2735 38 the the DT 34457 2735 39 composition composition NN 34457 2735 40 of of IN 34457 2735 41 the the DT 34457 2735 42 solid solid JJ 34457 2735 43 phase phase NN 34457 2735 44 varies vary VBZ 34457 2735 45 with with IN 34457 2735 46 the the DT 34457 2735 47 composition composition NN 34457 2735 48 of of IN 34457 2735 49 the the DT 34457 2735 50 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2735 51 solution solution NN 34457 2735 52 . . . 34457 2736 1 On on IN 34457 2736 2 passing pass VBG 34457 2736 3 through through IN 34457 2736 4 the the DT 34457 2736 5 maximum maximum NN 34457 2736 6 , , , 34457 2736 7 the the DT 34457 2736 8 relative relative JJ 34457 2736 9 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2736 10 of of IN 34457 2736 11 A a NN 34457 2736 12 and and CC 34457 2736 13 B b NN 34457 2736 14 in in IN 34457 2736 15 the the DT 34457 2736 16 solid solid JJ 34457 2736 17 and and CC 34457 2736 18 the the DT 34457 2736 19 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2736 20 phase phase NN 34457 2736 21 undergo undergo VBP 34457 2736 22 change change NN 34457 2736 23 ; ; , 34457 2736 24 on on IN 34457 2736 25 the the DT 34457 2736 26 one one CD 34457 2736 27 side side NN 34457 2736 28 of of IN 34457 2736 29 the the DT 34457 2736 30 maximum maximum NN 34457 2736 31 , , , 34457 2736 32 the the DT 34457 2736 33 solid solid JJ 34457 2736 34 phase phase NN 34457 2736 35 contains contain VBZ 34457 2736 36 relatively relatively RB 34457 2736 37 more more RBR 34457 2736 38 A a NN 34457 2736 39 , , , 34457 2736 40 and and CC 34457 2736 41 on on IN 34457 2736 42 the the DT 34457 2736 43 other other JJ 34457 2736 44 side side NN 34457 2736 45 of of IN 34457 2736 46 the the DT 34457 2736 47 maximum maximum NN 34457 2736 48 , , , 34457 2736 49 relatively relatively RB 34457 2736 50 more more JJR 34457 2736 51 B b NN 34457 2736 52 than than IN 34457 2736 53 the the DT 34457 2736 54 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2736 55 phase phase NN 34457 2736 56 . . . 34457 2737 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 2737 2 , , , 34457 2737 3 when when WRB 34457 2737 4 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2737 5 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2737 6 are be VBP 34457 2737 7 formed form VBN 34457 2737 8 , , , 34457 2737 9 the the DT 34457 2737 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2737 11 at at IN 34457 2737 12 which which WDT 34457 2737 13 complete complete JJ 34457 2737 14 solidification solidification NN 34457 2737 15 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2737 16 changes change NNS 34457 2737 17 as as IN 34457 2737 18 the the DT 34457 2737 19 composition composition NN 34457 2737 20 of of IN 34457 2737 21 the the DT 34457 2737 22 solution solution NN 34457 2737 23 changes change NNS 34457 2737 24 , , , 34457 2737 25 whereas whereas IN 34457 2737 26 in in IN 34457 2737 27 the the DT 34457 2737 28 case case NN 34457 2737 29 of of IN 34457 2737 30 the the DT 34457 2737 31 formation formation NN 34457 2737 32 of of IN 34457 2737 33 compounds compound NNS 34457 2737 34 , , , 34457 2737 35 the the DT 34457 2737 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 2737 37 of of IN 34457 2737 38 complete complete JJ 34457 2737 39 solidification solidification NN 34457 2737 40 for for IN 34457 2737 41 all all DT 34457 2737 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 2737 43 is be VBZ 34457 2737 44 a a DT 34457 2737 45 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2737 46 point point NN 34457 2737 47 . . . 34457 2738 1 The the DT 34457 2738 2 third third JJ 34457 2738 3 type type NN 34457 2738 4 of of IN 34457 2738 5 curve curve NN 34457 2738 6 , , , 34457 2738 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2738 8 . . . 34457 2739 1 65 65 CD 34457 2739 2 , , , 34457 2739 3 can can MD 34457 2739 4 be be VB 34457 2739 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 2739 6 in in IN 34457 2739 7 a a DT 34457 2739 8 similar similar JJ 34457 2739 9 manner manner NN 34457 2739 10 from from IN 34457 2739 11 the the DT 34457 2739 12 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 2739 13 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2739 14 curve curve NN 34457 2739 15 , , , 34457 2739 16 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2739 17 . . . 34457 2740 1 63 63 CD 34457 2740 2 , , , 34457 2740 3 I. I. NNP 34457 2740 4 , , , 34457 2740 5 to to TO 34457 2740 6 which which WDT 34457 2740 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2740 8 bears bear VBZ 34457 2740 9 a a DT 34457 2740 10 certain certain JJ 34457 2740 11 resemblance resemblance NN 34457 2740 12 . . . 34457 2741 1 Whereas whereas IN 34457 2741 2 in in IN 34457 2741 3 the the DT 34457 2741 4 case case NN 34457 2741 5 of of IN 34457 2741 6 the the DT 34457 2741 7 latter latter JJ 34457 2741 8 , , , 34457 2741 9 the the DT 34457 2741 10 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2741 11 point point NN 34457 2741 12 is be VBZ 34457 2741 13 the the DT 34457 2741 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 2741 15 of of IN 34457 2741 16 complete complete JJ 34457 2741 17 solidification solidification NN 34457 2741 18 of of IN 34457 2741 19 all all DT 34457 2741 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 2741 21 , , , 34457 2741 22 the the DT 34457 2741 23 point point NN 34457 2741 24 of of IN 34457 2741 25 minimum minimum JJ 34457 2741 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 2741 27 in in IN 34457 2741 28 the the DT 34457 2741 29 case case NN 34457 2741 30 of of IN 34457 2741 31 the the DT 34457 2741 32 formation formation NN 34457 2741 33 of of IN 34457 2741 34 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2741 35 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2741 36 , , , 34457 2741 37 is be VBZ 34457 2741 38 the the DT 34457 2741 39 solidification solidification NN 34457 2741 40 point point NN 34457 2741 41 only only RB 34457 2741 42 of of IN 34457 2741 43 solutions solution NNS 34457 2741 44 having have VBG 34457 2741 45 one one CD 34457 2741 46 particular particular JJ 34457 2741 47 composition composition NN 34457 2741 48 ; ; : 34457 2741 49 that that IN 34457 2741 50 , , , 34457 2741 51 namely namely RB 34457 2741 52 , , , 34457 2741 53 of of IN 34457 2741 54 the the DT 34457 2741 55 minimum minimum JJ 34457 2741 56 point point NN 34457 2741 57 . . . 34457 2742 1 For for IN 34457 2742 2 all all DT 34457 2742 3 other other JJ 34457 2742 4 solutions solution NNS 34457 2742 5 , , , 34457 2742 6 the the DT 34457 2742 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 2742 8 of of IN 34457 2742 9 complete complete JJ 34457 2742 10 solidification solidification NN 34457 2742 11 is be VBZ 34457 2742 12 different different JJ 34457 2742 13 . . . 34457 2743 1 Whereas whereas IN 34457 2743 2 , , , 34457 2743 3 also also RB 34457 2743 4 , , , 34457 2743 5 in in IN 34457 2743 6 the the DT 34457 2743 7 case case NN 34457 2743 8 of of IN 34457 2743 9 the the DT 34457 2743 10 simple simple JJ 34457 2743 11 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2743 12 curve curve NN 34457 2743 13 , , , 34457 2743 14 the the DT 34457 2743 15 solid solid JJ 34457 2743 16 which which WDT 34457 2743 17 separates separate VBZ 34457 2743 18 out out RP 34457 2743 19 from from IN 34457 2743 20 the the DT 34457 2743 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 2743 22 represented represent VBN 34457 2743 23 by by IN 34457 2743 24 either either DT 34457 2743 25 curve curve NN 34457 2743 26 remains remain VBZ 34457 2743 27 the the DT 34457 2743 28 same same JJ 34457 2743 29 throughout throughout IN 34457 2743 30 the the DT 34457 2743 31 whole whole JJ 34457 2743 32 extent extent NN 34457 2743 33 of of IN 34457 2743 34 that that DT 34457 2743 35 curve curve NN 34457 2743 36 , , , 34457 2743 37 the the DT 34457 2743 38 composition composition NN 34457 2743 39 of of IN 34457 2743 40 the the DT 34457 2743 41 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2743 42 crystal crystal NN 34457 2743 43 varies vary VBZ 34457 2743 44 with with IN 34457 2743 45 variation variation NN 34457 2743 46 of of IN 34457 2743 47 the the DT 34457 2743 48 composition composition NN 34457 2743 49 of of IN 34457 2743 50 the the DT 34457 2743 51 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2743 52 phase phase NN 34457 2743 53 , , , 34457 2743 54 and and CC 34457 2743 55 the the DT 34457 2743 56 relative relative JJ 34457 2743 57 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2743 58 of of IN 34457 2743 59 the the DT 34457 2743 60 two two CD 34457 2743 61 components component NNS 34457 2743 62 in in IN 34457 2743 63 the the DT 34457 2743 64 solid solid JJ 34457 2743 65 and and CC 34457 2743 66 the the DT 34457 2743 67 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2743 68 phase phase NN 34457 2743 69 are be VBP 34457 2743 70 reversed reverse VBN 34457 2743 71 on on IN 34457 2743 72 passing pass VBG 34457 2743 73 through through IN 34457 2743 74 the the DT 34457 2743 75 minimum minimum NN 34457 2743 76 . . . 34457 2744 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2744 2 290 290 CD 34457 2744 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2744 4 In in IN 34457 2744 5 a a DT 34457 2744 6 similar similar JJ 34457 2744 7 manner manner NN 34457 2744 8 , , , 34457 2744 9 type type NNP 34457 2744 10 IV IV NNP 34457 2744 11 . . NNP 34457 2744 12 , , , 34457 2744 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2744 14 . . . 34457 2745 1 65 65 CD 34457 2745 2 , , , 34457 2745 3 can can MD 34457 2745 4 be be VB 34457 2745 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 2745 6 from from IN 34457 2745 7 type type NN 34457 2745 8 II II NNP 34457 2745 9 . . NNP 34457 2745 10 , , , 34457 2745 11 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2745 12 . . . 34457 2746 1 64 64 CD 34457 2746 2 , , , 34457 2746 3 by by IN 34457 2746 4 the the DT 34457 2746 5 fact fact NN 34457 2746 6 that that IN 34457 2746 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2746 8 does do VBZ 34457 2746 9 not not RB 34457 2746 10 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2746 11 a a DT 34457 2746 12 { { -LRB- 34457 2746 13 212 212 CD 34457 2746 14 } } -RRB- 34457 2746 15 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2746 16 point point NN 34457 2746 17 , , , 34457 2746 18 and and CC 34457 2746 19 that that IN 34457 2746 20 the the DT 34457 2746 21 composition composition NN 34457 2746 22 of of IN 34457 2746 23 the the DT 34457 2746 24 solid solid JJ 34457 2746 25 phase phase NN 34457 2746 26 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 2746 27 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2746 28 variation variation NN 34457 2746 29 with with IN 34457 2746 30 variation variation NN 34457 2746 31 of of IN 34457 2746 32 the the DT 34457 2746 33 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2746 34 phase phase NN 34457 2746 35 on on IN 34457 2746 36 either either DT 34457 2746 37 side side NN 34457 2746 38 of of IN 34457 2746 39 the the DT 34457 2746 40 transition transition NN 34457 2746 41 point point NN 34457 2746 42 . . . 34457 2747 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 2747 2 , , , 34457 2747 3 type type NN 34457 2747 4 V. V. NNP 34457 2747 5 , , , 34457 2747 6 which which WDT 34457 2747 7 does do VBZ 34457 2747 8 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2747 9 a a DT 34457 2747 10 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2747 11 point point NN 34457 2747 12 , , , 34457 2747 13 differs differ VBZ 34457 2747 14 from from IN 34457 2747 15 the the DT 34457 2747 16 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2747 17 curve curve NN 34457 2747 18 of of IN 34457 2747 19 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2747 20 . . . 34457 2748 1 63 63 CD 34457 2748 2 , , , 34457 2748 3 in in IN 34457 2748 4 that that IN 34457 2748 5 the the DT 34457 2748 6 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2748 7 point point NN 34457 2748 8 does do VBZ 34457 2748 9 not not RB 34457 2748 10 constitute constitute VB 34457 2748 11 the the DT 34457 2748 12 point point NN 34457 2748 13 of of IN 34457 2748 14 complete complete JJ 34457 2748 15 solidification solidification NN 34457 2748 16 for for IN 34457 2748 17 all all DT 34457 2748 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 2748 19 , , , 34457 2748 20 and and CC 34457 2748 21 that that IN 34457 2748 22 the the DT 34457 2748 23 composition composition NN 34457 2748 24 of of IN 34457 2748 25 the the DT 34457 2748 26 solid solid JJ 34457 2748 27 phase phase NN 34457 2748 28 varies vary VBZ 34457 2748 29 with with IN 34457 2748 30 the the DT 34457 2748 31 composition composition NN 34457 2748 32 of of IN 34457 2748 33 the the DT 34457 2748 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2748 35 phase phase NN 34457 2748 36 . . . 34457 2749 1 Such such JJ 34457 2749 2 , , , 34457 2749 3 then then RB 34457 2749 4 , , , 34457 2749 5 are be VBP 34457 2749 6 the the DT 34457 2749 7 chief chief JJ 34457 2749 8 general general JJ 34457 2749 9 types type NNS 34457 2749 10 of of IN 34457 2749 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2749 12 curves curve NNS 34457 2749 13 for for IN 34457 2749 14 two two CD 34457 2749 15 - - HYPH 34457 2749 16 components component NNS 34457 2749 17 ; ; : 34457 2749 18 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2749 19 are be VBP 34457 2749 20 the the DT 34457 2749 21 pattern pattern NN 34457 2749 22 curves curve VBZ 34457 2749 23 with with IN 34457 2749 24 which which WDT 34457 2749 25 other other JJ 34457 2749 26 curves curve NNS 34457 2749 27 , , , 34457 2749 28 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 2749 29 determined determine VBN 34457 2749 30 , , , 34457 2749 31 can can MD 34457 2749 32 be be VB 34457 2749 33 compared compare VBN 34457 2749 34 ; ; : 34457 2749 35 and and CC 34457 2749 36 from from IN 34457 2749 37 the the DT 34457 2749 38 comparison comparison NN 34457 2749 39 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2749 40 will will MD 34457 2749 41 be be VB 34457 2749 42 possible possible JJ 34457 2749 43 to to TO 34457 2749 44 draw draw VB 34457 2749 45 conclusions conclusion NNS 34457 2749 46 as as IN 34457 2749 47 to to IN 34457 2749 48 the the DT 34457 2749 49 nature nature NN 34457 2749 50 of of IN 34457 2749 51 the the DT 34457 2749 52 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2749 53 between between IN 34457 2749 54 the the DT 34457 2749 55 two two CD 34457 2749 56 components component NNS 34457 2749 57 under under IN 34457 2749 58 investigation investigation NN 34457 2749 59 . . . 34457 2750 1 1 1 LS 34457 2750 2 . . . 34457 2751 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2751 2 Organic Organic NNP 34457 2751 3 Compounds Compounds NNPS 34457 2751 4 . . . 34457 2751 5 _ _ NNP 34457 2751 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2751 7 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2751 8 : : : 34457 2751 9 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2751 10 . . . 34457 2752 1 66 66 CD 34457 2752 2 . . . 34457 2752 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2753 1 The the DT 34457 2753 2 principles principle NNS 34457 2753 3 of of IN 34457 2753 4 the the DT 34457 2753 5 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2753 6 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2753 7 have have VBP 34457 2753 8 been be VBN 34457 2753 9 applied apply VBN 34457 2753 10 to to IN 34457 2753 11 the the DT 34457 2753 12 investigation investigation NN 34457 2753 13 of of IN 34457 2753 14 the the DT 34457 2753 15 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 2753 16 between between IN 34457 2753 17 organic organic JJ 34457 2753 18 compounds compound NNS 34457 2753 19 , , , 34457 2753 20 and and CC 34457 2753 21 Figs fig NNS 34457 2753 22 . . . 34457 2754 1 66 66 CD 34457 2754 2 - - SYM 34457 2754 3 69 69 CD 34457 2754 4 reproduce reproduce VBP 34457 2754 5 some some DT 34457 2754 6 of of IN 34457 2754 7 the the DT 34457 2754 8 results result NNS 34457 2754 9 which which WDT 34457 2754 10 have have VBP 34457 2754 11 been be VBN 34457 2754 12 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2754 13 . . . 34457 2755 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2755 2 291 291 CD 34457 2755 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2755 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2755 5 213 213 CD 34457 2755 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2755 7 Fig fig NN 34457 2755 8 . . . 34457 2756 1 66 66 CD 34457 2756 2 , , , 34457 2756 3 the the DT 34457 2756 4 freezing freezing NN 34457 2756 5 point point NN 34457 2756 6 curve curve NN 34457 2756 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2756 8 curve curve NN 34457 2756 9 of of IN 34457 2756 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2756 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2756 12 for for IN 34457 2756 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2756 14 o_-nitrophenol o_-nitrophenol NNP 34457 2756 15 and and CC 34457 2756 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2756 17 p_-toluidine p_-toluidine NNP 34457 2756 18 , , , 34457 2756 19 shows show VBZ 34457 2756 20 a a DT 34457 2756 21 curve curve NN 34457 2756 22 of of IN 34457 2756 23 the the DT 34457 2756 24 simplest simple JJS 34457 2756 25 type[292 type[292 NN 34457 2756 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2756 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2756 28 type type NN 34457 2756 29 I. I. NNP 34457 2756 30 , , , 34457 2756 31 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2756 32 . . . 34457 2757 1 63 63 CD 34457 2757 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2757 3 , , , 34457 2757 4 in in IN 34457 2757 5 which which WDT 34457 2757 6 two two CD 34457 2757 7 branches branch NNS 34457 2757 8 meet meet VBP 34457 2757 9 at at IN 34457 2757 10 an an DT 34457 2757 11 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2757 12 point point NN 34457 2757 13 . . . 34457 2758 1 The the DT 34457 2758 2 solid solid JJ 34457 2758 3 phase phase NN 34457 2758 4 in in IN 34457 2758 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2758 6 with with IN 34457 2758 7 solutions solution NNS 34457 2758 8 represented represent VBN 34457 2758 9 by by IN 34457 2758 10 the the DT 34457 2758 11 left left JJ 34457 2758 12 - - HYPH 34457 2758 13 hand hand NN 34457 2758 14 branch branch NN 34457 2758 15 of of IN 34457 2758 16 the the DT 34457 2758 17 curve curve NN 34457 2758 18 was be VBD 34457 2758 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2758 20 o_-nitrophenol o_-nitrophenol NNP 34457 2758 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2758 22 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2758 23 . . . 34457 2759 1 44.1 44.1â CD 34457 2759 2 ° ° NNS 34457 2759 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2759 4 ; ; : 34457 2759 5 that that IN 34457 2759 6 in in IN 34457 2759 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2759 8 with with IN 34457 2759 9 the the DT 34457 2759 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 2759 11 represented represent VBN 34457 2759 12 by by IN 34457 2759 13 the the DT 34457 2759 14 right right JJ 34457 2759 15 - - HYPH 34457 2759 16 hand hand NN 34457 2759 17 branch branch NN 34457 2759 18 , , , 34457 2759 19 was be VBD 34457 2759 20 _ _ NNP 34457 2759 21 p_-toluidine p_-toluidine NNP 34457 2759 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2759 23 m.p m.p NNP 34457 2759 24 . . . 34457 2760 1 43.3 43.3â CD 34457 2760 2 ° ° NNS 34457 2760 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2760 4 . . . 34457 2761 1 At at IN 34457 2761 2 the the DT 34457 2761 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2761 4 point point NN 34457 2761 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2761 6 15.6 15.6â CD 34457 2761 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2761 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2761 9 , , , 34457 2761 10 these these DT 34457 2761 11 two two CD 34457 2761 12 solid solid JJ 34457 2761 13 phases phase NNS 34457 2761 14 could could MD 34457 2761 15 co co VB 34457 2761 16 - - VB 34457 2761 17 exist exist VB 34457 2761 18 with with IN 34457 2761 19 the the DT 34457 2761 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2761 21 phase phase NN 34457 2761 22 . . . 34457 2762 1 This this DT 34457 2762 2 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2762 3 curve curve NN 34457 2762 4 , , , 34457 2762 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2762 6 , , , 34457 2762 7 shows show VBZ 34457 2762 8 that that IN 34457 2762 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2762 10 o_-nitrophenol o_-nitrophenol NNP 34457 2762 11 and and CC 34457 2762 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2762 13 p_-toluidine p_-toluidine NNP 34457 2762 14 do do VBP 34457 2762 15 not not RB 34457 2762 16 combine combine VB 34457 2762 17 with with IN 34457 2762 18 one one CD 34457 2762 19 another another DT 34457 2762 20 . . . 34457 2763 1 In in IN 34457 2763 2 connection connection NN 34457 2763 3 with with IN 34457 2763 4 this this DT 34457 2763 5 curve curve NN 34457 2763 6 , , , 34457 2763 7 attention attention NN 34457 2763 8 may may MD 34457 2763 9 be be VB 34457 2763 10 called call VBN 34457 2763 11 to to IN 34457 2763 12 the the DT 34457 2763 13 interesting interesting JJ 34457 2763 14 fact fact NN 34457 2763 15 that that IN 34457 2763 16 although although IN 34457 2763 17 the the DT 34457 2763 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2763 19 produced produce VBN 34457 2763 20 by by IN 34457 2763 21 cooling cool VBG 34457 2763 22 the the DT 34457 2763 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2763 24 phase phase NN 34457 2763 25 at at IN 34457 2763 26 the the DT 34457 2763 27 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2763 28 point point NN 34457 2763 29 has have VBZ 34457 2763 30 a a DT 34457 2763 31 composition composition NN 34457 2763 32 approximating approximate VBG 34457 2763 33 to to IN 34457 2763 34 that that DT 34457 2763 35 of of IN 34457 2763 36 a a DT 34457 2763 37 compound compound NN 34457 2763 38 of of IN 34457 2763 39 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 2763 40 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2763 41 of of IN 34457 2763 42 the the DT 34457 2763 43 phenol phenol NN 34457 2763 44 and and CC 34457 2763 45 toluidine toluidine NN 34457 2763 46 , , , 34457 2763 47 and and CC 34457 2763 48 a a DT 34457 2763 49 constant constant JJ 34457 2763 50 melting melting NN 34457 2763 51 point point NN 34457 2763 52 , , , 34457 2763 53 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2763 54 is be VBZ 34457 2763 55 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 2763 56 a a DT 34457 2763 57 _ _ NNP 34457 2763 58 mixture mixture NN 34457 2763 59 _ _ NNP 34457 2763 60 . . . 34457 2764 1 Although although IN 34457 2764 2 , , , 34457 2764 3 as as IN 34457 2764 4 a a DT 34457 2764 5 rule rule NN 34457 2764 6 , , , 34457 2764 7 the the DT 34457 2764 8 constituents constituent NNS 34457 2764 9 of of IN 34457 2764 10 the the DT 34457 2764 11 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2764 12 mixture mixture NN 34457 2764 13 are be VBP 34457 2764 14 not not RB 34457 2764 15 present present JJ 34457 2764 16 in in IN 34457 2764 17 simple simple JJ 34457 2764 18 molecular molecular JJ 34457 2764 19 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2764 20 , , , 34457 2764 21 there there EX 34457 2764 22 is be VBZ 34457 2764 23 no no DT 34457 2764 24 reason reason NN 34457 2764 25 why why WRB 34457 2764 26 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2764 27 should should MD 34457 2764 28 not not RB 34457 2764 29 be be VB 34457 2764 30 so so RB 34457 2764 31 ; ; : 34457 2764 32 and and CC 34457 2764 33 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2764 34 is be VBZ 34457 2764 35 therefore therefore RB 34457 2764 36 necessary necessary JJ 34457 2764 37 to to TO 34457 2764 38 beware beware VB 34457 2764 39 of of IN 34457 2764 40 assuming assume VBG 34457 2764 41 the the DT 34457 2764 42 formation formation NN 34457 2764 43 of of IN 34457 2764 44 compounds compound NNS 34457 2764 45 in in IN 34457 2764 46 such such JJ 34457 2764 47 cases case NNS 34457 2764 48 . . . 34457 2765 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2765 2 293 293 CD 34457 2765 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2765 4 Fig fig NN 34457 2765 5 . . . 34457 2766 1 67 67 CD 34457 2766 2 , , , 34457 2766 3 on on IN 34457 2766 4 the the DT 34457 2766 5 other other JJ 34457 2766 6 hand hand NN 34457 2766 7 , , , 34457 2766 8 indicates indicate VBZ 34457 2766 9 with with IN 34457 2766 10 perfect perfect JJ 34457 2766 11 certainty certainty NN 34457 2766 12 the the DT 34457 2766 13 formation formation NN 34457 2766 14 of of IN 34457 2766 15 a a DT 34457 2766 16 compound compound NN 34457 2766 17 between between IN 34457 2766 18 phenol phenol NN 34457 2766 19 and and CC 34457 2766 20 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2766 21 alpha]-naphthylamine alpha]-naphthylamine NN 34457 2766 22 . . . 34457 2767 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2767 2 294 294 CD 34457 2767 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2767 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2767 5 _ _ NNP 34457 2767 6 Cf Cf NNP 34457 2767 7 . . . 34457 2767 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2767 9 curve curve NN 34457 2767 10 I. i. NN 34457 2767 11 , , , 34457 2767 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2767 13 . . . 34457 2768 1 64 64 CD 34457 2768 2 . . . 34457 2768 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2769 1 Phenol Phenol NNP 34457 2769 2 freezes freeze VBZ 34457 2769 3 at at IN 34457 2769 4 40.4 40.4â CD 34457 2769 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2769 6 , , , 34457 2769 7 but but CC 34457 2769 8 the the DT 34457 2769 9 addition addition NN 34457 2769 10 of of IN 34457 2769 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2769 12 alpha]-naphthylamine alpha]-naphthylamine NN 34457 2769 13 lowers lower NNS 34457 2769 14 the the DT 34457 2769 15 freezing freezing NN 34457 2769 16 point point NN 34457 2769 17 as as IN 34457 2769 18 represented represent VBN 34457 2769 19 by by IN 34457 2769 20 the the DT 34457 2769 21 curve curve NN 34457 2769 22 AC ac NN 34457 2769 23 . . . 34457 2770 1 At at IN 34457 2770 2 C c NN 34457 2770 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2770 4 16.0 16.0â CD 34457 2770 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2770 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2770 7 the the DT 34457 2770 8 compound compound NN 34457 2770 9 C_{6}H_{5}OH c_{6}h_{5}oh NN 34457 2770 10 , , , 34457 2770 11 C_{10}H_{7}NH_{2 C_{10}H_{7}NH_{2 NNP 34457 2770 12 } } -RRB- 34457 2770 13 is be VBZ 34457 2770 14 formed form VBN 34457 2770 15 , , , 34457 2770 16 and and CC 34457 2770 17 the the DT 34457 2770 18 system system NN 34457 2770 19 becomes become VBZ 34457 2770 20 invariant invariant JJ 34457 2770 21 . . . 34457 2771 1 On on IN 34457 2771 2 increasing increase VBG 34457 2771 3 the the DT 34457 2771 4 amount amount NN 34457 2771 5 of of IN 34457 2771 6 the the DT 34457 2771 7 amine amine NN 34457 2771 8 , , , 34457 2771 9 the the DT 34457 2771 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 2771 11 of of IN 34457 2771 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2771 13 rises rise VBZ 34457 2771 14 , , , 34457 2771 15 the the DT 34457 2771 16 solid solid JJ 34457 2771 17 phase phase NN 34457 2771 18 now now RB 34457 2771 19 being be VBG 34457 2771 20 the the DT 34457 2771 21 compound compound NN 34457 2771 22 . . . 34457 2772 1 At at IN 34457 2772 2 D d NN 34457 2772 3 , , , 34457 2772 4 the the DT 34457 2772 5 curve curve NN 34457 2772 6 passes pass VBZ 34457 2772 7 through through IN 34457 2772 8 a a DT 34457 2772 9 maximum maximum NN 34457 2772 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2772 11 28.8 28.8â CD 34457 2772 12 ° ° NNS 34457 2772 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2772 14 , , , 34457 2772 15 at at IN 34457 2772 16 which which WDT 34457 2772 17 the the DT 34457 2772 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2772 19 and and CC 34457 2772 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2772 21 phases phase NNS 34457 2772 22 have have VBP 34457 2772 23 the the DT 34457 2772 24 same same JJ 34457 2772 25 composition composition NN 34457 2772 26 . . . 34457 2773 1 This this DT 34457 2773 2 is be VBZ 34457 2773 3 the the DT 34457 2773 4 melting melting NN 34457 2773 5 point point NN 34457 2773 6 of of IN 34457 2773 7 the the DT 34457 2773 8 compound compound NN 34457 2773 9 . . . 34457 2774 1 Further further JJ 34457 2774 2 addition addition NN 34457 2774 3 of of IN 34457 2774 4 the the DT 34457 2774 5 amine amine NN 34457 2774 6 lowers lower VBZ 34457 2774 7 the the DT 34457 2774 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 2774 9 of of IN 34457 2774 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2774 11 , , , 34457 2774 12 until until IN 34457 2774 13 at at IN 34457 2774 14 E e NN 34457 2774 15 solid solid JJ 34457 2774 16 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2774 17 alpha]-naphthylamine alpha]-naphthylamine NN 34457 2774 18 separates separate NNS 34457 2774 19 out out RP 34457 2774 20 , , , 34457 2774 21 and and CC 34457 2774 22 a a DT 34457 2774 23 second second JJ 34457 2774 24 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2774 25 point point NN 34457 2774 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2774 27 24.0 24.0â CD 34457 2774 28 ° ° NNS 34457 2774 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2774 30 is be VBZ 34457 2774 31 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2774 32 . . . 34457 2775 1 BE BE NNP 34457 2775 2 is be VBZ 34457 2775 3 the the DT 34457 2775 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2775 5 214 214 CD 34457 2775 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2775 7 freezing freezing NN 34457 2775 8 - - HYPH 34457 2775 9 point point NN 34457 2775 10 curve curve NN 34457 2775 11 of of IN 34457 2775 12 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2775 13 alpha]-naphthylamine alpha]-naphthylamine NN 34457 2775 14 in in IN 34457 2775 15 presence presence NN 34457 2775 16 of of IN 34457 2775 17 phenol phenol NN 34457 2775 18 , , , 34457 2775 19 the the DT 34457 2775 20 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2775 21 point point NN 34457 2775 22 of of IN 34457 2775 23 the the DT 34457 2775 24 pure pure JJ 34457 2775 25 amine amine NN 34457 2775 26 being be VBG 34457 2775 27 48.3 48.3â CD 34457 2775 28 ° ° NNS 34457 2775 29 . . . 34457 2776 1 On on IN 34457 2776 2 account account NN 34457 2776 3 of of IN 34457 2776 4 the the DT 34457 2776 5 great great JJ 34457 2776 6 sluggishness sluggishness NN 34457 2776 7 with with IN 34457 2776 8 which which WDT 34457 2776 9 the the DT 34457 2776 10 compound compound NN 34457 2776 11 of of IN 34457 2776 12 phenol phenol NN 34457 2776 13 and and CC 34457 2776 14 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2776 15 alpha]-naphthylamine alpha]-naphthylamine NN 34457 2776 16 crystallizes crystallize NNS 34457 2776 17 , , , 34457 2776 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2776 19 was be VBD 34457 2776 20 found find VBN 34457 2776 21 possible possible JJ 34457 2776 22 to to TO 34457 2776 23 follow follow VB 34457 2776 24 the the DT 34457 2776 25 freezing freezing NN 34457 2776 26 point point NN 34457 2776 27 curves curve NNS 34457 2776 28 of of IN 34457 2776 29 phenol phenol NN 34457 2776 30 and and CC 34457 2776 31 the the DT 34457 2776 32 amine amine NN 34457 2776 33 to to IN 34457 2776 34 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2776 35 considerably considerably RB 34457 2776 36 below below IN 34457 2776 37 the the DT 34457 2776 38 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2776 39 points point NNS 34457 2776 40 , , , 34457 2776 41 as as IN 34457 2776 42 shown show VBN 34457 2776 43 by by IN 34457 2776 44 the the DT 34457 2776 45 curves curve NNS 34457 2776 46 CF CF NNP 34457 2776 47 and and CC 34457 2776 48 EG EG NNP 34457 2776 49 . . . 34457 2777 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2777 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2777 3 : : : 34457 2777 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2777 5 . . . 34457 2778 1 67 67 CD 34457 2778 2 . . . 34457 2778 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2779 1 Phenol Phenol NNP 34457 2779 2 can can MD 34457 2779 3 also also RB 34457 2779 4 combine combine VB 34457 2779 5 with with IN 34457 2779 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2779 7 p_-toluidine p_-toluidine NNP 34457 2779 8 in in IN 34457 2779 9 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 2779 10 proportions proportion NNS 34457 2779 11 ; ; : 34457 2779 12 and and CC 34457 2779 13 this this DT 34457 2779 14 compound compound NN 34457 2779 15 is be VBZ 34457 2779 16 of of IN 34457 2779 17 interest interest NN 34457 2779 18 , , , 34457 2779 19 from from IN 34457 2779 20 the the DT 34457 2779 21 fact fact NN 34457 2779 22 that that IN 34457 2779 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2779 24 exists exist VBZ 34457 2779 25 in in IN 34457 2779 26 two two CD 34457 2779 27 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 2779 28 forms form NNS 34457 2779 29 melting melt VBG 34457 2779 30 at at IN 34457 2779 31 28.5 28.5â CD 34457 2779 32 ° ° NNS 34457 2779 33 and and CC 34457 2779 34 30 30 NNP 34457 2779 35 ° ° NNS 34457 2779 36 . . . 34457 2780 1 Each each DT 34457 2780 2 of of IN 34457 2780 3 these these DT 34457 2780 4 forms form NNS 34457 2780 5 now now RB 34457 2780 6 must must MD 34457 2780 7 have have VB 34457 2780 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2780 9 own own JJ 34457 2780 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2780 11 curve curve NN 34457 2780 12 , , , 34457 2780 13 and and CC 34457 2780 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2780 15 was be VBD 34457 2780 16 found find VBN 34457 2780 17 that that IN 34457 2780 18 the the DT 34457 2780 19 intermediate intermediate JJ 34457 2780 20 portion portion NN 34457 2780 21 of of IN 34457 2780 22 the the DT 34457 2780 23 freezing freezing NN 34457 2780 24 point point NN 34457 2780 25 curve curve NN 34457 2780 26 was be VBD 34457 2780 27 duplicated duplicate VBN 34457 2780 28 , , , 34457 2780 29 as as IN 34457 2780 30 shown show VBN 34457 2780 31 in in IN 34457 2780 32 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2780 33 . . . 34457 2781 1 68 68 CD 34457 2781 2 . . . 34457 2782 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2782 2 295 295 CD 34457 2782 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2782 4 { { -LRB- 34457 2782 5 215 215 CD 34457 2782 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2782 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2782 8 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2782 9 : : : 34457 2782 10 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2782 11 . . . 34457 2783 1 68 68 CD 34457 2783 2 . . . 34457 2783 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2784 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2784 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2784 3 : : : 34457 2784 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2784 5 . . . 34457 2785 1 69 69 CD 34457 2785 2 . . . 34457 2785 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2786 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2786 2 216 216 CD 34457 2786 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2786 4 Lastly lastly RB 34457 2786 5 , , , 34457 2786 6 a a DT 34457 2786 7 curve curve NN 34457 2786 8 is be VBZ 34457 2786 9 given give VBN 34457 2786 10 , , , 34457 2786 11 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2786 12 . . . 34457 2787 1 69,[296 69,[296 LS 34457 2787 2 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2787 3 which which WDT 34457 2787 4 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 2787 5 with with IN 34457 2787 6 curve curve NN 34457 2787 7 II II NNP 34457 2787 8 . . NNP 34457 2787 9 , , , 34457 2787 10 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2787 11 . . . 34457 2788 1 64 64 CD 34457 2788 2 . . . 34457 2789 1 Picric picric JJ 34457 2789 2 acid acid NN 34457 2789 3 and and CC 34457 2789 4 benzene benzene NN 34457 2789 5 can can MD 34457 2789 6 form form VB 34457 2789 7 a a DT 34457 2789 8 compound compound NN 34457 2789 9 , , , 34457 2789 10 which which WDT 34457 2789 11 , , , 34457 2789 12 however however RB 34457 2789 13 , , , 34457 2789 14 can can MD 34457 2789 15 exist exist VB 34457 2789 16 only only RB 34457 2789 17 in in IN 34457 2789 18 contact contact NN 34457 2789 19 with with IN 34457 2789 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 2789 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2789 22 containing contain VBG 34457 2789 23 excess excess NN 34457 2789 24 of of IN 34457 2789 25 benzene benzene NNP 34457 2789 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2789 27 . . . 34457 2790 1 When when WRB 34457 2790 2 the the DT 34457 2790 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2790 4 is be VBZ 34457 2790 5 raised raise VBN 34457 2790 6 , , , 34457 2790 7 a a DT 34457 2790 8 point point NN 34457 2790 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2790 10 K k NN 34457 2790 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2790 12 is be VBZ 34457 2790 13 reached reach VBN 34457 2790 14 at at IN 34457 2790 15 which which WDT 34457 2790 16 the the DT 34457 2790 17 compound compound NN 34457 2790 18 melts melt NNS 34457 2790 19 with with IN 34457 2790 20 separation separation NN 34457 2790 21 of of IN 34457 2790 22 solid solid JJ 34457 2790 23 picric picric JJ 34457 2790 24 acid acid NN 34457 2790 25 . . . 34457 2791 1 The the DT 34457 2791 2 point point NN 34457 2791 3 , , , 34457 2791 4 K K NNP 34457 2791 5 , , , 34457 2791 6 is be VBZ 34457 2791 7 , , , 34457 2791 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 2791 9 , , , 34457 2791 10 a a DT 34457 2791 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2791 12 transition transition NN 34457 2791 13 point point NN 34457 2791 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2791 15 ; ; : 34457 2791 16 analysis analysis NN 34457 2791 17 , , , 34457 2791 18 however however RB 34457 2791 19 , , , 34457 2791 20 showed show VBD 34457 2791 21 that that IN 34457 2791 22 the the DT 34457 2791 23 composition composition NN 34457 2791 24 of of IN 34457 2791 25 the the DT 34457 2791 26 solution solution NN 34457 2791 27 at at IN 34457 2791 28 this this DT 34457 2791 29 point point NN 34457 2791 30 is be VBZ 34457 2791 31 very very RB 34457 2791 32 nearly nearly RB 34457 2791 33 that that DT 34457 2791 34 of of IN 34457 2791 35 the the DT 34457 2791 36 compound compound NN 34457 2791 37 C_{6}H_{2}(NO_{2})_{3}OH C_{6}H_{2}(NO_{2})_{3}OH NNS 34457 2791 38 , , , 34457 2791 39 C_{6}H_{6 C_{6}H_{6 NNP 34457 2791 40 } } -RRB- 34457 2791 41 , , , 34457 2791 42 so so IN 34457 2791 43 that that IN 34457 2791 44 the the DT 34457 2791 45 melting melting NN 34457 2791 46 point point NN 34457 2791 47 of of IN 34457 2791 48 the the DT 34457 2791 49 compound compound NN 34457 2791 50 can can MD 34457 2791 51 almost almost RB 34457 2791 52 be be VB 34457 2791 53 reached reach VBN 34457 2791 54 . . . 34457 2792 1 The the DT 34457 2792 2 fusion fusion NN 34457 2792 3 of of IN 34457 2792 4 the the DT 34457 2792 5 compound compound NN 34457 2792 6 of of IN 34457 2792 7 benzene benzene NN 34457 2792 8 and and CC 34457 2792 9 picric picric JJ 34457 2792 10 acid acid NN 34457 2792 11 with with IN 34457 2792 12 separation separation NN 34457 2792 13 of of IN 34457 2792 14 the the DT 34457 2792 15 latter latter JJ 34457 2792 16 is be VBZ 34457 2792 17 analogous analogous JJ 34457 2792 18 to to IN 34457 2792 19 the the DT 34457 2792 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2792 21 partial partial JJ 34457 2792 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2792 23 fusion fusion NN 34457 2792 24 of of IN 34457 2792 25 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 2792 26 's 's POS 34457 2792 27 salt salt NN 34457 2792 28 with with IN 34457 2792 29 separation separation NN 34457 2792 30 of of IN 34457 2792 31 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 2792 32 sodium sodium NN 34457 2792 33 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 2792 34 . . . 34457 2793 1 2 2 LS 34457 2793 2 . . . 34457 2794 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2794 2 Optically Optically NNP 34457 2794 3 Active Active NNP 34457 2794 4 Substances Substances NNPS 34457 2794 5 . . . 34457 2794 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2794 7 The the DT 34457 2794 8 question question NN 34457 2794 9 as as IN 34457 2794 10 to to IN 34457 2794 11 whether whether IN 34457 2794 12 a a DT 34457 2794 13 resolvable resolvable JJ 34457 2794 14 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2794 15 body body NN 34457 2794 16 is be VBZ 34457 2794 17 a a DT 34457 2794 18 mixture mixture NN 34457 2794 19 of of IN 34457 2794 20 the the DT 34457 2794 21 two two CD 34457 2794 22 oppositely oppositely RB 34457 2794 23 active active JJ 34457 2794 24 constituents constituent NNS 34457 2794 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2794 26 a a DT 34457 2794 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2794 28 dl_-mixture dl_-mixture NN 34457 2794 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2794 30 , , , 34457 2794 31 or or CC 34457 2794 32 a a DT 34457 2794 33 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2794 34 compound compound NN 34457 2794 35 , , , 34457 2794 36 is be VBZ 34457 2794 37 one one CD 34457 2794 38 which which WDT 34457 2794 39 has have VBZ 34457 2794 40 given give VBN 34457 2794 41 rise rise NN 34457 2794 42 to to IN 34457 2794 43 considerable considerable JJ 34457 2794 44 discussion discussion NN 34457 2794 45 during during IN 34457 2794 46 the the DT 34457 2794 47 past past JJ 34457 2794 48 decade decade NN 34457 2794 49 ; ; : 34457 2794 50 and and CC 34457 2794 51 several several JJ 34457 2794 52 investigators investigator NNS 34457 2794 53 have have VBP 34457 2794 54 endeavoured endeavour VBN 34457 2794 55 to to TO 34457 2794 56 establish establish VB 34457 2794 57 general general JJ 34457 2794 58 rules rule NNS 34457 2794 59 by by IN 34457 2794 60 which which WDT 34457 2794 61 the the DT 34457 2794 62 question question NN 34457 2794 63 could could MD 34457 2794 64 be be VB 34457 2794 65 decided decide VBN 34457 2794 66 . . . 34457 2795 1 In in IN 34457 2795 2 the the DT 34457 2795 3 case case NN 34457 2795 4 of of IN 34457 2795 5 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2795 6 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2795 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2795 8 is be VBZ 34457 2795 9 a a DT 34457 2795 10 matter matter NN 34457 2795 11 of of IN 34457 2795 12 great great JJ 34457 2795 13 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 2795 14 to to TO 34457 2795 15 arrive arrive VB 34457 2795 16 at at IN 34457 2795 17 a a DT 34457 2795 18 certain certain JJ 34457 2795 19 conclusion conclusion NN 34457 2795 20 as as IN 34457 2795 21 to to IN 34457 2795 22 whether whether IN 34457 2795 23 one one NN 34457 2795 24 is be VBZ 34457 2795 25 dealing deal VBG 34457 2795 26 with with IN 34457 2795 27 a a DT 34457 2795 28 mixture mixture NN 34457 2795 29 or or CC 34457 2795 30 a a DT 34457 2795 31 compound compound NN 34457 2795 32 , , , 34457 2795 33 for for IN 34457 2795 34 in in IN 34457 2795 35 this this DT 34457 2795 36 case case NN 34457 2795 37 the the DT 34457 2795 38 usual usual JJ 34457 2795 39 physical physical JJ 34457 2795 40 methods method NNS 34457 2795 41 give give VBP 34457 2795 42 but but CC 34457 2795 43 a a DT 34457 2795 44 dubious dubious JJ 34457 2795 45 answer answer NN 34457 2795 46 ; ; : 34457 2795 47 and and CC 34457 2795 48 although although IN 34457 2795 49 the the DT 34457 2795 50 existence existence NN 34457 2795 51 of of IN 34457 2795 52 a a DT 34457 2795 53 racemate racemate NN 34457 2795 54 in in IN 34457 2795 55 the the DT 34457 2795 56 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2795 57 state state NN 34457 2795 58 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2795 59 in in IN 34457 2795 60 the the DT 34457 2795 61 case case NN 34457 2795 62 of of IN 34457 2795 63 conine conine NN 34457 2795 64 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2795 65 has have VBZ 34457 2795 66 been be VBN 34457 2795 67 asserted,[297 asserted,[297 NNS 34457 2795 68 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2795 69 most most JJS 34457 2795 70 chemists chemist NNS 34457 2795 71 incline incline VBP 34457 2795 72 to to IN 34457 2795 73 the the DT 34457 2795 74 belief belief NN 34457 2795 75 that that IN 34457 2795 76 such such PDT 34457 2795 77 a a DT 34457 2795 78 thing thing NN 34457 2795 79 is be VBZ 34457 2795 80 improbable improbable JJ 34457 2795 81 . . . 34457 2796 1 Even even RB 34457 2796 2 in in IN 34457 2796 3 the the DT 34457 2796 4 case case NN 34457 2796 5 of of IN 34457 2796 6 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 2796 7 substances substance NNS 34457 2796 8 , , , 34457 2796 9 where where WRB 34457 2796 10 the the DT 34457 2796 11 differences difference NNS 34457 2796 12 between between IN 34457 2796 13 the the DT 34457 2796 14 various various JJ 34457 2796 15 forms form NNS 34457 2796 16 is be VBZ 34457 2796 17 greater great JJR 34457 2796 18 , , , 34457 2796 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2796 20 was be VBD 34457 2796 21 not not RB 34457 2796 22 always always RB 34457 2796 23 easy easy JJ 34457 2796 24 to to TO 34457 2796 25 discriminate discriminate VB 34457 2796 26 between between IN 34457 2796 27 the the DT 34457 2796 28 _ _ NNP 34457 2796 29 dl_-mixture dl_-mixture NN 34457 2796 30 and and CC 34457 2796 31 the the DT 34457 2796 32 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2796 33 compound compound NN 34457 2796 34 . . . 34457 2797 1 The the DT 34457 2797 2 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 2797 3 of of IN 34457 2797 4 hemihedral hemihedral JJ 34457 2797 5 faces face NNS 34457 2797 6 was be VBD 34457 2797 7 considered consider VBN 34457 2797 8 by by IN 34457 2797 9 Pasteur Pasteur NNP 34457 2797 10 to to TO 34457 2797 11 be be VB 34457 2797 12 a a DT 34457 2797 13 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 2797 14 criterion criterion NN 34457 2797 15 for for IN 34457 2797 16 an an DT 34457 2797 17 optically optically RB 34457 2797 18 active active JJ 34457 2797 19 substance substance NN 34457 2797 20 . . . 34457 2798 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2798 2 has have VBZ 34457 2798 3 , , , 34457 2798 4 however however RB 34457 2798 5 , , , 34457 2798 6 been be VBN 34457 2798 7 found find VBN 34457 2798 8 that that DT 34457 2798 9 hemihedry hemihedry NN 34457 2798 10 in in IN 34457 2798 11 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2798 12 , , , 34457 2798 13 although although IN 34457 2798 14 a a DT 34457 2798 15 frequent frequent JJ 34457 2798 16 accompaniment accompaniment NN 34457 2798 17 of of IN 34457 2798 18 { { -LRB- 34457 2798 19 217 217 CD 34457 2798 20 } } -RRB- 34457 2798 21 optical optical JJ 34457 2798 22 activity activity NN 34457 2798 23 , , , 34457 2798 24 is be VBZ 34457 2798 25 by by IN 34457 2798 26 no no DT 34457 2798 27 means means NN 34457 2798 28 a a DT 34457 2798 29 necessary necessary JJ 34457 2798 30 or or CC 34457 2798 31 constant constant JJ 34457 2798 32 expression expression NN 34457 2798 33 of of IN 34457 2798 34 this this DT 34457 2798 35 property property NN 34457 2798 36 . . . 34457 2799 1 Other other JJ 34457 2799 2 rules rule NNS 34457 2799 3 , , , 34457 2799 4 also also RB 34457 2799 5 , , , 34457 2799 6 which which WDT 34457 2799 7 were be VBD 34457 2799 8 given give VBN 34457 2799 9 , , , 34457 2799 10 although although IN 34457 2799 11 in in IN 34457 2799 12 some some DT 34457 2799 13 cases case NNS 34457 2799 14 reliable reliable JJ 34457 2799 15 , , , 34457 2799 16 were be VBD 34457 2799 17 in in IN 34457 2799 18 other other JJ 34457 2799 19 cases case NNS 34457 2799 20 insufficient insufficient JJ 34457 2799 21 ; ; : 34457 2799 22 and and CC 34457 2799 23 all all DT 34457 2799 24 were be VBD 34457 2799 25 in in RB 34457 2799 26 so so RB 34457 2799 27 far far RB 34457 2799 28 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 34457 2799 29 that that IN 34457 2799 30 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2799 31 lacked lack VBD 34457 2799 32 a a DT 34457 2799 33 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 2799 34 basis basis NN 34457 2799 35 . . . 34457 2800 1 With with IN 34457 2800 2 the the DT 34457 2800 3 help help NN 34457 2800 4 of of IN 34457 2800 5 the the DT 34457 2800 6 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2800 7 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2800 8 , , , 34457 2800 9 however however RB 34457 2800 10 , , , 34457 2800 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2800 12 is be VBZ 34457 2800 13 possible possible JJ 34457 2800 14 from from IN 34457 2800 15 a a DT 34457 2800 16 study study NN 34457 2800 17 of of IN 34457 2800 18 the the DT 34457 2800 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 2800 20 or or CC 34457 2800 21 fusion fusion NN 34457 2800 22 curves curve NNS 34457 2800 23 of of IN 34457 2800 24 the the DT 34457 2800 25 optically optically RB 34457 2800 26 active active JJ 34457 2800 27 and and CC 34457 2800 28 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2800 29 substances substance NNS 34457 2800 30 , , , 34457 2800 31 to to TO 34457 2800 32 decide decide VB 34457 2800 33 the the DT 34457 2800 34 nature nature NN 34457 2800 35 of of IN 34457 2800 36 the the DT 34457 2800 37 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2800 38 substance substance NN 34457 2800 39 , , , 34457 2800 40 at at IN 34457 2800 41 least least JJS 34457 2800 42 under under IN 34457 2800 43 certain certain JJ 34457 2800 44 conditions condition NNS 34457 2800 45 . . . 34457 2801 1 On on IN 34457 2801 2 account account NN 34457 2801 3 of of IN 34457 2801 4 the the DT 34457 2801 5 interest interest NN 34457 2801 6 and and CC 34457 2801 7 importance importance NN 34457 2801 8 which which WDT 34457 2801 9 these these DT 34457 2801 10 compounds compound NNS 34457 2801 11 possess possess VBP 34457 2801 12 , , , 34457 2801 13 a a DT 34457 2801 14 brief brief JJ 34457 2801 15 description description NN 34457 2801 16 of of IN 34457 2801 17 the the DT 34457 2801 18 application application NN 34457 2801 19 of of IN 34457 2801 20 the the DT 34457 2801 21 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2801 22 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2801 23 to to IN 34457 2801 24 the the DT 34457 2801 25 study study NN 34457 2801 26 of of IN 34457 2801 27 such such JJ 34457 2801 28 substances substance NNS 34457 2801 29 will will MD 34457 2801 30 be be VB 34457 2801 31 given give VBN 34457 2801 32 here;[298 here;[298 ADD 34457 2801 33 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2801 34 the the DT 34457 2801 35 two two CD 34457 2801 36 optical optical JJ 34457 2801 37 antipodes antipode NNS 34457 2801 38 being be VBG 34457 2801 39 regarded regard VBN 34457 2801 40 as as IN 34457 2801 41 the the DT 34457 2801 42 two two CD 34457 2801 43 components component NNS 34457 2801 44 . . . 34457 2802 1 In in IN 34457 2802 2 the the DT 34457 2802 3 present present JJ 34457 2802 4 chapter chapter NN 34457 2802 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2802 6 shall shall MD 34457 2802 7 consider consider VB 34457 2802 8 only only RB 34457 2802 9 the the DT 34457 2802 10 fusion fusion NN 34457 2802 11 curves curve NNS 34457 2802 12 , , , 34457 2802 13 the the DT 34457 2802 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 2802 15 curves curve NNS 34457 2802 16 being be VBG 34457 2802 17 discussed discuss VBN 34457 2802 18 in in IN 34457 2802 19 the the DT 34457 2802 20 next next JJ 34457 2802 21 section section NN 34457 2802 22 on on IN 34457 2802 23 three three CD 34457 2802 24 - - HYPH 34457 2802 25 component component NN 34457 2802 26 systems system NNS 34457 2802 27 . . . 34457 2803 1 The the DT 34457 2803 2 rules rule NNS 34457 2803 3 which which WDT 34457 2803 4 are be VBP 34457 2803 5 hereby hereby RB 34457 2803 6 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2803 7 , , , 34457 2803 8 have have VBP 34457 2803 9 reference reference NN 34457 2803 10 only only RB 34457 2803 11 to to IN 34457 2803 12 the the DT 34457 2803 13 nature nature NN 34457 2803 14 of of IN 34457 2803 15 the the DT 34457 2803 16 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2803 17 substance substance NN 34457 2803 18 in in IN 34457 2803 19 the the DT 34457 2803 20 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2803 21 of of IN 34457 2803 22 the the DT 34457 2803 23 melting melt VBG 34457 2803 24 points point NNS 34457 2803 25 . . . 34457 2804 1 I. I. NNP 34457 2805 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2805 2 The the DT 34457 2805 3 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2805 4 substance substance NN 34457 2805 5 is be VBZ 34457 2805 6 a a DT 34457 2805 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2805 8 dl_-mixture dl_-mixture NN 34457 2805 9 . . . 34457 2805 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2805 11 In in IN 34457 2805 12 this this DT 34457 2805 13 case case NN 34457 2805 14 the the DT 34457 2805 15 fusion fusion NN 34457 2805 16 curves curve NNS 34457 2805 17 will will MD 34457 2805 18 have have VB 34457 2805 19 the the DT 34457 2805 20 simple simple JJ 34457 2805 21 form form NN 34457 2805 22 shown show VBN 34457 2805 23 in in IN 34457 2805 24 type type NN 34457 2805 25 I I NNP 34457 2805 26 , , , 34457 2805 27 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2805 28 . . . 34457 2806 1 63 63 CD 34457 2806 2 . . . 34457 2807 1 A a NN 34457 2807 2 and and CC 34457 2807 3 B b NN 34457 2807 4 are be VBP 34457 2807 5 the the DT 34457 2807 6 melting melt VBG 34457 2807 7 points point NNS 34457 2807 8 of of IN 34457 2807 9 the the DT 34457 2807 10 two two CD 34457 2807 11 optical optical JJ 34457 2807 12 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2807 13 , , , 34457 2807 14 and and CC 34457 2807 15 C C NNP 34457 2807 16 the the DT 34457 2807 17 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2807 18 point point NN 34457 2807 19 at at IN 34457 2807 20 which which WDT 34457 2807 21 the the DT 34457 2807 22 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2807 23 mixture mixture NN 34457 2807 24 consisting consist VBG 34457 2807 25 of of IN 34457 2807 26 equal equal JJ 34457 2807 27 amounts amount NNS 34457 2807 28 of of IN 34457 2807 29 d- d- NN 34457 2807 30 and and CC 34457 2807 31 l l NN 34457 2807 32 - - HYPH 34457 2807 33 form form NN 34457 2807 34 melts melt NNS 34457 2807 35 . . . 34457 2808 1 Owing owe VBG 34457 2808 2 to to IN 34457 2808 3 the the DT 34457 2808 4 similar similar JJ 34457 2808 5 effect effect NN 34457 2808 6 of of IN 34457 2808 7 the the DT 34457 2808 8 one one CD 34457 2808 9 form form NN 34457 2808 10 on on IN 34457 2808 11 the the DT 34457 2808 12 freezing freezing NN 34457 2808 13 point point NN 34457 2808 14 of of IN 34457 2808 15 the the DT 34457 2808 16 other other JJ 34457 2808 17 , , , 34457 2808 18 the the DT 34457 2808 19 figure figure NN 34457 2808 20 is be VBZ 34457 2808 21 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 34457 2808 22 . . . 34457 2809 1 No no DT 34457 2809 2 example example NN 34457 2809 3 of of IN 34457 2809 4 this this DT 34457 2809 5 simple simple JJ 34457 2809 6 case case NN 34457 2809 7 has have VBZ 34457 2809 8 been be VBN 34457 2809 9 investigated investigate VBN 34457 2809 10 . . . 34457 2810 1 II ii CD 34457 2810 2 . . . 34457 2811 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2811 2 The the DT 34457 2811 3 two two CD 34457 2811 4 components component NNS 34457 2811 5 form form VBP 34457 2811 6 a a DT 34457 2811 7 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2811 8 compound compound NN 34457 2811 9 . . . 34457 2811 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2811 11 In in IN 34457 2811 12 this this DT 34457 2811 13 case case NN 34457 2811 14 there there EX 34457 2811 15 will will MD 34457 2811 16 be be VB 34457 2811 17 three three CD 34457 2811 18 melting melting NN 34457 2811 19 point point NN 34457 2811 20 curves curve NNS 34457 2811 21 as as IN 34457 2811 22 in in IN 34457 2811 23 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2811 24 . . . 34457 2812 1 64 64 CD 34457 2812 2 , , , 34457 2812 3 type type NN 34457 2812 4 I. i. NN 34457 2813 1 In in IN 34457 2813 2 this this DT 34457 2813 3 case case NN 34457 2813 4 also also RB 34457 2813 5 the the DT 34457 2813 6 figure figure NN 34457 2813 7 must must MD 34457 2813 8 be be VB 34457 2813 9 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 34457 2813 10 . . . 34457 2814 1 Examples.--As examples.--as NN 34457 2814 2 examples example NNS 34457 2814 3 of of IN 34457 2814 4 this this DT 34457 2814 5 , , , 34457 2814 6 may may MD 34457 2814 7 be be VB 34457 2814 8 taken take VBN 34457 2814 9 dimethyl dimethyl NN 34457 2814 10 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 2814 11 and and CC 34457 2814 12 mandelic mandelic JJ 34457 2814 13 acid acid NN 34457 2814 14 , , , 34457 2814 15 the the DT 34457 2814 16 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2814 17 point point NN 34457 2814 18 curves curve NNS 34457 2814 19 of of IN 34457 2814 20 which which WDT 34457 2814 21 are be VBP 34457 2814 22 given give VBN 34457 2814 23 in in IN 34457 2814 24 Figs Figs NNP 34457 2814 25 . . . 34457 2815 1 70 70 CD 34457 2815 2 and and CC 34457 2815 3 71 71 CD 34457 2815 4 . . . 34457 2816 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2816 2 299 299 CD 34457 2816 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2816 4 As as IN 34457 2816 5 can can MD 34457 2816 6 be be VB 34457 2816 7 seen see VBN 34457 2816 8 , , , 34457 2816 9 the the DT 34457 2816 10 curve curve NN 34457 2816 11 for for IN 34457 2816 12 the the DT 34457 2816 13 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2816 14 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 2816 15 occupies occupy VBZ 34457 2816 16 a a DT 34457 2816 17 large large JJ 34457 2816 18 part part NN 34457 2816 19 of of IN 34457 2816 20 the the DT 34457 2816 21 diagram diagram NN 34457 2816 22 , , , 34457 2816 23 { { -LRB- 34457 2816 24 218 218 CD 34457 2816 25 } } -RRB- 34457 2816 26 while while IN 34457 2816 27 that that DT 34457 2816 28 for for IN 34457 2816 29 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2816 30 mandelic mandelic JJ 34457 2816 31 acid acid NN 34457 2816 32 is be VBZ 34457 2816 33 much much RB 34457 2816 34 smaller small JJR 34457 2816 35 . . . 34457 2817 1 In in IN 34457 2817 2 the the DT 34457 2817 3 case case NN 34457 2817 4 of of IN 34457 2817 5 dimethyldiacetyl dimethyldiacetyl NNP 34457 2817 6 tartrate tartrate NNP 34457 2817 7 , , , 34457 2817 8 this this DT 34457 2817 9 middle middle JJ 34457 2817 10 portion portion NN 34457 2817 11 is be VBZ 34457 2817 12 still still RB 34457 2817 13 less less JJR 34457 2817 14 . . . 34457 2818 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2818 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2818 3 : : : 34457 2818 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2818 5 . . . 34457 2819 1 70 70 CD 34457 2819 2 . . . 34457 2819 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2820 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2820 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2820 3 : : : 34457 2820 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2820 5 . . . 34457 2821 1 71 71 CD 34457 2821 2 . . . 34457 2821 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2822 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2822 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2822 3 : : : 34457 2822 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2822 5 . . . 34457 2823 1 72 72 CD 34457 2823 2 . . . 34457 2823 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2824 1 Active active JJ 34457 2824 2 dimethyl dimethyl NN 34457 2824 3 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 2824 4 melts melt NNS 34457 2824 5 at at IN 34457 2824 6 43.3 43.3â CD 34457 2824 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2824 8 ; ; , 34457 2824 9 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2824 10 dimethyl dimethyl NNP 34457 2824 11 tartrate tartrate VBP 34457 2824 12 at at IN 34457 2824 13 89.4 89.4â CD 34457 2824 14 ° ° NNS 34457 2824 15 . . . 34457 2825 1 Active active JJ 34457 2825 2 mandelic mandelic NN 34457 2825 3 acid acid NN 34457 2825 4 melts melt NNS 34457 2825 5 at at IN 34457 2825 6 132.8 132.8â CD 34457 2825 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2825 8 ; ; : 34457 2825 9 the the DT 34457 2825 10 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2825 11 acid acid NN 34457 2825 12 at at IN 34457 2825 13 118.0 118.0â CD 34457 2825 14 ° ° NNS 34457 2825 15 . . . 34457 2826 1 In in IN 34457 2826 2 the the DT 34457 2826 3 one one CD 34457 2826 4 case case NN 34457 2826 5 , , , 34457 2826 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2826 7 , , , 34457 2826 8 the the DT 34457 2826 9 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2826 10 compound compound NN 34457 2826 11 has have VBZ 34457 2826 12 a a DT 34457 2826 13 higher high JJR 34457 2826 14 , , , 34457 2826 15 in in IN 34457 2826 16 the the DT 34457 2826 17 other other JJ 34457 2826 18 a a DT 34457 2826 19 lower low JJR 34457 2826 20 melting melting NN 34457 2826 21 point point NN 34457 2826 22 than than IN 34457 2826 23 the the DT 34457 2826 24 active active JJ 34457 2826 25 forms form NNS 34457 2826 26 . . . 34457 2827 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2827 2 219 219 CD 34457 2827 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2827 4 In in IN 34457 2827 5 the the DT 34457 2827 6 case case NN 34457 2827 7 of of IN 34457 2827 8 partially partially RB 34457 2827 9 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2827 10 compounds compound NNS 34457 2827 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2827 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2827 13 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 2827 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2827 15 the the DT 34457 2827 16 compound compound NN 34457 2827 17 of of IN 34457 2827 18 a a DT 34457 2827 19 racemate racemate NN 34457 2827 20 with with IN 34457 2827 21 an an DT 34457 2827 22 optically optically RB 34457 2827 23 active active JJ 34457 2827 24 substance substance NN 34457 2827 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2827 26 the the DT 34457 2827 27 type type NN 34457 2827 28 of of IN 34457 2827 29 curve curve NN 34457 2827 30 will will MD 34457 2827 31 be be VB 34457 2827 32 the the DT 34457 2827 33 same same JJ 34457 2827 34 , , , 34457 2827 35 but but CC 34457 2827 36 the the DT 34457 2827 37 figure figure NN 34457 2827 38 will will MD 34457 2827 39 no no RB 34457 2827 40 longer longer RB 34457 2827 41 be be VB 34457 2827 42 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 34457 2827 43 . . . 34457 2828 1 Such such PDT 34457 2828 2 a a DT 34457 2828 3 curve curve NN 34457 2828 4 has have VBZ 34457 2828 5 been be VBN 34457 2828 6 found find VBN 34457 2828 7 in in IN 34457 2828 8 the the DT 34457 2828 9 case case NN 34457 2828 10 of of IN 34457 2828 11 the the DT 34457 2828 12 l l NN 34457 2828 13 - - HYPH 34457 2828 14 menthyl menthyl NN 34457 2828 15 esters ester NNS 34457 2828 16 of of IN 34457 2828 17 d- d- NN 34457 2828 18 and and CC 34457 2828 19 l l NNP 34457 2828 20 - - HYPH 34457 2828 21 mandelic mandelic JJ 34457 2828 22 acid acid NN 34457 2828 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2828 24 Fig fig NN 34457 2828 25 . . . 34457 2829 1 72 72 CD 34457 2829 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2829 3 . . . 34457 2830 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2830 2 300 300 CD 34457 2830 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2830 4 The the DT 34457 2830 5 freezing freezing NN 34457 2830 6 point point NN 34457 2830 7 of of IN 34457 2830 8 l l NN 34457 2830 9 - - HYPH 34457 2830 10 menthyl menthyl NNP 34457 2830 11 d d NNP 34457 2830 12 - - HYPH 34457 2830 13 mandelate mandelate NN 34457 2830 14 is be VBZ 34457 2830 15 97.2 97.2â CD 34457 2830 16 ° ° NNS 34457 2830 17 , , , 34457 2830 18 of of IN 34457 2830 19 l l NN 34457 2830 20 - - HYPH 34457 2830 21 menthyl menthyl NNP 34457 2830 22 l l NNP 34457 2830 23 - - HYPH 34457 2830 24 mandelate mandelate NNP 34457 2830 25 77.6 77.6â CD 34457 2830 26 ° ° NNS 34457 2830 27 , , , 34457 2830 28 and and CC 34457 2830 29 of of IN 34457 2830 30 l l NN 34457 2830 31 - - HYPH 34457 2830 32 menthyl menthyl NNP 34457 2830 33 r r NNP 34457 2830 34 - - HYPH 34457 2830 35 mandelate mandelate NN 34457 2830 36 83.7. 83.7.â NN 34457 2830 37 ° ° NNS 34457 2830 38 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2830 39 will will MD 34457 2830 40 be be VB 34457 2830 41 observed observe VBN 34457 2830 42 that that IN 34457 2830 43 the the DT 34457 2830 44 summit summit NN 34457 2830 45 of of IN 34457 2830 46 the the DT 34457 2830 47 curve curve NN 34457 2830 48 for for IN 34457 2830 49 the the DT 34457 2830 50 partially partially RB 34457 2830 51 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2830 52 mandelate mandelate NN 34457 2830 53 is be VBZ 34457 2830 54 very very RB 34457 2830 55 flat flat JJ 34457 2830 56 , , , 34457 2830 57 indicating indicate VBG 34457 2830 58 that that IN 34457 2830 59 the the DT 34457 2830 60 compound compound NN 34457 2830 61 is be VBZ 34457 2830 62 largely largely RB 34457 2830 63 dissociated dissociate VBN 34457 2830 64 into into IN 34457 2830 65 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2830 66 components component NNS 34457 2830 67 at at IN 34457 2830 68 the the DT 34457 2830 69 temperature temperature NN 34457 2830 70 of of IN 34457 2830 71 fusion fusion NN 34457 2830 72 . . . 34457 2831 1 III iii CD 34457 2831 2 . . . 34457 2832 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2832 2 The the DT 34457 2832 3 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2832 4 substance substance NN 34457 2832 5 is be VBZ 34457 2832 6 a a DT 34457 2832 7 pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 2832 8 - - JJ 34457 2832 9 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2832 10 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2832 11 crystal crystal NN 34457 2832 12 . . . 34457 2832 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2832 14 In in IN 34457 2832 15 cases case NNS 34457 2832 16 where where WRB 34457 2832 17 the the DT 34457 2832 18 active active JJ 34457 2832 19 components component NNS 34457 2832 20 can can MD 34457 2832 21 form form VB 34457 2832 22 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2832 23 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2832 24 , , , 34457 2832 25 the the DT 34457 2832 26 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2832 27 - - HYPH 34457 2832 28 point point NN 34457 2832 29 curve curve NN 34457 2832 30 will will MD 34457 2832 31 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 2832 32 one one CD 34457 2832 33 of of IN 34457 2832 34 the the DT 34457 2832 35 forms form NNS 34457 2832 36 given give VBN 34457 2832 37 in in IN 34457 2832 38 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2832 39 . . . 34457 2833 1 65 65 CD 34457 2833 2 . . . 34457 2834 1 The the DT 34457 2834 2 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2834 3 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2834 4 crystal crystal NN 34457 2834 5 containing contain VBG 34457 2834 6 50 50 CD 34457 2834 7 per per NN 34457 2834 8 cent cent NN 34457 2834 9 . . . 34457 2835 1 of of IN 34457 2835 2 the the DT 34457 2835 3 dextro dextro NNP 34457 2835 4 and and CC 34457 2835 5 laevo laevo NNP 34457 2835 6 compound compound NNP 34457 2835 7 , , , 34457 2835 8 is be VBZ 34457 2835 9 known know VBN 34457 2835 10 as as IN 34457 2835 11 a a DT 34457 2835 12 pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 2835 13 - - JJ 34457 2835 14 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2835 15 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2835 16 crystal crystal NN 34457 2835 17 . . . 34457 2836 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2836 2 301 301 CD 34457 2836 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2836 4 So so RB 34457 2836 5 far far RB 34457 2836 6 , , , 34457 2836 7 only only RB 34457 2836 8 curves curve NNS 34457 2836 9 of of IN 34457 2836 10 the the DT 34457 2836 11 types type NNS 34457 2836 12 I. I. NNP 34457 2836 13 and and CC 34457 2836 14 II II NNP 34457 2836 15 . . . 34457 2837 1 have have VBP 34457 2837 2 been be VBN 34457 2837 3 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2837 4 . . . 34457 2838 1 Examples.--The Examples.--The NNP 34457 2838 2 two two CD 34457 2838 3 active active JJ 34457 2838 4 camphor camphor NNP 34457 2838 5 oximes oxime NNS 34457 2838 6 are be VBP 34457 2838 7 of of IN 34457 2838 8 interest interest NN 34457 2838 9 from from IN 34457 2838 10 the the DT 34457 2838 11 fact fact NN 34457 2838 12 that that IN 34457 2838 13 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2838 14 form form VBP 34457 2838 15 a a DT 34457 2838 16 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2838 17 series series NN 34457 2838 18 of of IN 34457 2838 19 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2838 20 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2838 21 , , , 34457 2838 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2838 23 all all DT 34457 2838 24 of of IN 34457 2838 25 which which WDT 34457 2838 26 have have VBP 34457 2838 27 the the DT 34457 2838 28 same same JJ 34457 2838 29 melting melting NN 34457 2838 30 point point NN 34457 2838 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2838 32 . . . 34457 2839 1 The the DT 34457 2839 2 curve curve NN 34457 2839 3 which which WDT 34457 2839 4 is be VBZ 34457 2839 5 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2839 6 in in IN 34457 2839 7 this this DT 34457 2839 8 case case NN 34457 2839 9 is be VBZ 34457 2839 10 , , , 34457 2839 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 2839 12 , , , 34457 2839 13 a a DT 34457 2839 14 straight straight JJ 34457 2839 15 line line NN 34457 2839 16 joining join VBG 34457 2839 17 the the DT 34457 2839 18 melting melt VBG 34457 2839 19 points point NNS 34457 2839 20 of of IN 34457 2839 21 the the DT 34457 2839 22 pure pure JJ 34457 2839 23 active active JJ 34457 2839 24 components component NNS 34457 2839 25 ; ; : 34457 2839 26 the the DT 34457 2839 27 melting melting NN 34457 2839 28 point point NN 34457 2839 29 of of IN 34457 2839 30 the the DT 34457 2839 31 active active JJ 34457 2839 32 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 2839 33 and and CC 34457 2839 34 of of IN 34457 2839 35 the the DT 34457 2839 36 whole whole JJ 34457 2839 37 series series NN 34457 2839 38 of of IN 34457 2839 39 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2839 40 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2839 41 being be VBG 34457 2839 42 118.8 118.8â CD 34457 2839 43 ° ° NNS 34457 2839 44 . . . 34457 2840 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2840 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2840 3 : : : 34457 2840 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2840 5 . . . 34457 2841 1 73 73 CD 34457 2841 2 . . . 34457 2841 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2842 1 In in IN 34457 2842 2 the the DT 34457 2842 3 case case NN 34457 2842 4 of of IN 34457 2842 5 the the DT 34457 2842 6 carvoximes carvoxime NNS 34457 2842 7 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2842 8 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2842 9 are be VBP 34457 2842 10 also also RB 34457 2842 11 formed form VBN 34457 2842 12 , , , 34457 2842 13 but but CC 34457 2842 14 the the DT 34457 2842 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2842 16 curve curve NN 34457 2842 17 in in IN 34457 2842 18 this this DT 34457 2842 19 case case NN 34457 2842 20 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2842 21 a a DT 34457 2842 22 maximum maximum NN 34457 2842 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2842 24 Fig fig NN 34457 2842 25 . . . 34457 2843 1 73 73 CD 34457 2843 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2843 3 . . . 34457 2844 1 At at IN 34457 2844 2 this this DT 34457 2844 3 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2844 4 point point NN 34457 2844 5 the the DT 34457 2844 6 composition composition NN 34457 2844 7 of of IN 34457 2844 8 the the DT 34457 2844 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2844 10 and and CC 34457 2844 11 of of IN 34457 2844 12 the the DT 34457 2844 13 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2844 14 solution solution NN 34457 2844 15 is be VBZ 34457 2844 16 the the DT 34457 2844 17 same same JJ 34457 2844 18 . . . 34457 2845 1 Since since IN 34457 2845 2 the the DT 34457 2845 3 curve curve NN 34457 2845 4 must must MD 34457 2845 5 be be VB 34457 2845 6 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 34457 2845 7 , , , 34457 2845 8 this this DT 34457 2845 9 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2845 10 point point NN 34457 2845 11 must must MD 34457 2845 12 occur occur VB 34457 2845 13 in in IN 34457 2845 14 the the DT 34457 2845 15 case case NN 34457 2845 16 of of IN 34457 2845 17 the the DT 34457 2845 18 solution solution NN 34457 2845 19 containing contain VBG 34457 2845 20 50 50 CD 34457 2845 21 per per NN 34457 2845 22 cent cent NN 34457 2845 23 . . . 34457 2846 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2846 2 220 220 CD 34457 2846 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2846 4 of of IN 34457 2846 5 each each DT 34457 2846 6 component component NN 34457 2846 7 , , , 34457 2846 8 which which WDT 34457 2846 9 will will MD 34457 2846 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 2846 11 be be VB 34457 2846 12 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2846 13 . . . 34457 2847 1 Further further RB 34457 2847 2 , , , 34457 2847 3 this this DT 34457 2847 4 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2847 5 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2847 6 crystal crystal NN 34457 2847 7 will will MD 34457 2847 8 melt melt VB 34457 2847 9 and and CC 34457 2847 10 solidify solidify VB 34457 2847 11 at at IN 34457 2847 12 the the DT 34457 2847 13 same same JJ 34457 2847 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 2847 15 , , , 34457 2847 16 and and CC 34457 2847 17 behave behave VB 34457 2847 18 , , , 34457 2847 19 therefore therefore RB 34457 2847 20 , , , 34457 2847 21 like like IN 34457 2847 22 a a DT 34457 2847 23 chemical chemical NN 34457 2847 24 compound compound NN 34457 2847 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2847 26 p. p. NN 34457 2847 27 187 187 CD 34457 2847 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2847 29 . . . 34457 2848 1 The the DT 34457 2848 2 melting melting NN 34457 2848 3 point point NN 34457 2848 4 of of IN 34457 2848 5 the the DT 34457 2848 6 active active JJ 34457 2848 7 compounds compound NNS 34457 2848 8 is be VBZ 34457 2848 9 72 72 NNP 34457 2848 10 ° ° NNS 34457 2848 11 ; ; : 34457 2848 12 that that DT 34457 2848 13 of of IN 34457 2848 14 the the DT 34457 2848 15 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2848 16 pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 2848 17 - - JJ 34457 2848 18 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2848 19 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2848 20 crystal crystal NN 34457 2848 21 is be VBZ 34457 2848 22 91.4 91.4â CD 34457 2848 23 ° ° , 34457 2848 24   NNP 34457 2848 25 · · NFP 34457 2848 26 Transformations.--As Transformations.--As NNP 34457 2848 27 has have VBZ 34457 2848 28 already already RB 34457 2848 29 been be VBN 34457 2848 30 remarked remark VBN 34457 2848 31 , , , 34457 2848 32 the the DT 34457 2848 33 conclusions conclusion NNS 34457 2848 34 which which WDT 34457 2848 35 can can MD 34457 2848 36 be be VB 34457 2848 37 drawn draw VBN 34457 2848 38 from from IN 34457 2848 39 the the DT 34457 2848 40 fusion fusion NN 34457 2848 41 curves curve NNS 34457 2848 42 regarding regard VBG 34457 2848 43 the the DT 34457 2848 44 nature nature NN 34457 2848 45 of of IN 34457 2848 46 the the DT 34457 2848 47 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2848 48 substances substance NNS 34457 2848 49 formed form VBN 34457 2848 50 hold hold NN 34457 2848 51 only only RB 34457 2848 52 for for IN 34457 2848 53 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2848 54 in in IN 34457 2848 55 the the DT 34457 2848 56 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2848 57 of of IN 34457 2848 58 the the DT 34457 2848 59 melting melt VBG 34457 2848 60 points point NNS 34457 2848 61 . . . 34457 2849 1 At at IN 34457 2849 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2849 3 below below IN 34457 2849 4 the the DT 34457 2849 5 melting melting NN 34457 2849 6 point point NN 34457 2849 7 transformation transformation NN 34457 2849 8 may may MD 34457 2849 9 occur occur VB 34457 2849 10 ; ; : 34457 2849 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2849 12 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 2849 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2849 14 a a DT 34457 2849 15 racemate racemate NN 34457 2849 16 may may MD 34457 2849 17 break break VB 34457 2849 18 up up RP 34457 2849 19 into into IN 34457 2849 20 a a DT 34457 2849 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2849 22 dl_-mixture dl_-mixture NN 34457 2849 23 , , , 34457 2849 24 or or CC 34457 2849 25 a a DT 34457 2849 26 pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 2849 27 - - JJ 34457 2849 28 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2849 29 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2849 30 crystal crystal NN 34457 2849 31 may may MD 34457 2849 32 form form VB 34457 2849 33 a a DT 34457 2849 34 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2849 35 compound compound NN 34457 2849 36 . . . 34457 2850 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2850 2 shall shall MD 34457 2850 3 at at IN 34457 2850 4 a a DT 34457 2850 5 later later JJ 34457 2850 6 point point NN 34457 2850 7 meet meet NN 34457 2850 8 with with IN 34457 2850 9 examples example NNS 34457 2850 10 of of IN 34457 2850 11 a a DT 34457 2850 12 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2850 13 compound compound NN 34457 2850 14 changing change VBG 34457 2850 15 into into IN 34457 2850 16 a a DT 34457 2850 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2850 18 dl_-mixture dl_-mixture NN 34457 2850 19 at at IN 34457 2850 20 a a DT 34457 2850 21 definite definite JJ 34457 2850 22 transition transition NN 34457 2850 23 point point NN 34457 2850 24 ; ; : 34457 2850 25 and and CC 34457 2850 26 the the DT 34457 2850 27 pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 2850 28 - - JJ 34457 2850 29 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2850 30 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2850 31 crystal crystal NNP 34457 2850 32 of of IN 34457 2850 33 camphoroxime camphoroxime NNP 34457 2850 34 is be VBZ 34457 2850 35 an an DT 34457 2850 36 example example NN 34457 2850 37 of of IN 34457 2850 38 the the DT 34457 2850 39 second second JJ 34457 2850 40 transformation transformation NN 34457 2850 41 . . . 34457 2851 1 Although although IN 34457 2851 2 at at IN 34457 2851 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2851 4 in in IN 34457 2851 5 the the DT 34457 2851 6 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 2851 7 of of IN 34457 2851 8 the the DT 34457 2851 9 melting melting NN 34457 2851 10 point point NN 34457 2851 11 the the DT 34457 2851 12 two two CD 34457 2851 13 active active JJ 34457 2851 14 camphoroximes camphoroxime NNS 34457 2851 15 form form VBP 34457 2851 16 only only RB 34457 2851 17 mixed mix VBD 34457 2851 18 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2851 19 but but CC 34457 2851 20 no no DT 34457 2851 21 compound compound NN 34457 2851 22 , , , 34457 2851 23 a a DT 34457 2851 24 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2851 25 compound compound NN 34457 2851 26 is be VBZ 34457 2851 27 formed form VBN 34457 2851 28 at at IN 34457 2851 29 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2851 30 below below IN 34457 2851 31 103 103â CD 34457 2851 32 ° ° NNS 34457 2851 33 . . . 34457 2852 1 At at IN 34457 2852 2 this this DT 34457 2852 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2852 4 the the DT 34457 2852 5 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2852 6 pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 2852 7 - - JJ 34457 2852 8 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2852 9 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2852 10 crystal crystal NN 34457 2852 11 changes change NNS 34457 2852 12 into into IN 34457 2852 13 a a DT 34457 2852 14 racemic racemic JJ 34457 2852 15 compound compound NN 34457 2852 16 ; ; : 34457 2852 17 and and CC 34457 2852 18 in in IN 34457 2852 19 the the DT 34457 2852 20 case case NN 34457 2852 21 of of IN 34457 2852 22 the the DT 34457 2852 23 other other JJ 34457 2852 24 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2852 25 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2852 26 transformation transformation NN 34457 2852 27 to to TO 34457 2852 28 racemate racemate VB 34457 2852 29 and and CC 34457 2852 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2852 31 excess excess NN 34457 2852 32 of of IN 34457 2852 33 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2852 34 active active JJ 34457 2852 35 component component NN 34457 2852 36 also also RB 34457 2852 37 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2852 38 , , , 34457 2852 39 although although IN 34457 2852 40 at at IN 34457 2852 41 a a DT 34457 2852 42 lower low JJR 34457 2852 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 2852 44 than than IN 34457 2852 45 in in IN 34457 2852 46 the the DT 34457 2852 47 case case NN 34457 2852 48 of of IN 34457 2852 49 the the DT 34457 2852 50 inactive inactive JJ 34457 2852 51 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2852 52 crystal crystal NN 34457 2852 53 . . . 34457 2853 1 Although although IN 34457 2853 2 this this DT 34457 2853 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2853 4 is be VBZ 34457 2853 5 one one CD 34457 2853 6 of of IN 34457 2853 7 considerable considerable JJ 34457 2853 8 importance importance NN 34457 2853 9 , , , 34457 2853 10 this this DT 34457 2853 11 brief brief JJ 34457 2853 12 reference reference NN 34457 2853 13 to to IN 34457 2853 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2853 15 must must MD 34457 2853 16 suffice suffice VB 34457 2853 17 here here RB 34457 2853 18 . . . 34457 2854 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2854 2 302 302 CD 34457 2854 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2854 4 3 3 CD 34457 2854 5 . . . 34457 2855 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2855 2 Alloys Alloys NNPS 34457 2855 3 . . . 34457 2855 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2855 5 One one CD 34457 2855 6 of of IN 34457 2855 7 the the DT 34457 2855 8 most most RBS 34457 2855 9 important important JJ 34457 2855 10 classes class NNS 34457 2855 11 of of IN 34457 2855 12 substances substance NNS 34457 2855 13 in in IN 34457 2855 14 the the DT 34457 2855 15 study study NN 34457 2855 16 of of IN 34457 2855 17 which which WDT 34457 2855 18 the the DT 34457 2855 19 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2855 20 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2855 21 has have VBZ 34457 2855 22 been be VBN 34457 2855 23 of of IN 34457 2855 24 very very RB 34457 2855 25 considerable considerable JJ 34457 2855 26 importance importance NN 34457 2855 27 , , , 34457 2855 28 is be VBZ 34457 2855 29 that that IN 34457 2855 30 formed form VBN 34457 2855 31 by by IN 34457 2855 32 the the DT 34457 2855 33 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2855 34 or or CC 34457 2855 35 compounds compound NNS 34457 2855 36 of of IN 34457 2855 37 metals metal NNS 34457 2855 38 with with IN 34457 2855 39 one one CD 34457 2855 40 another another DT 34457 2855 41 known know VBN 34457 2855 42 as as IN 34457 2855 43 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2855 44 . . . 34457 2856 1 Although although IN 34457 2856 2 in in IN 34457 2856 3 the the DT 34457 2856 4 investigation investigation NN 34457 2856 5 of of IN 34457 2856 6 the the DT 34457 2856 7 nature nature NN 34457 2856 8 of of IN 34457 2856 9 these these DT 34457 2856 10 bodies body NNS 34457 2856 11 various various JJ 34457 2856 12 methods method NNS 34457 2856 13 are be VBP 34457 2856 14 employed employ VBN 34457 2856 15 , , , 34457 2856 16 one one CD 34457 2856 17 of of IN 34457 2856 18 the the DT 34457 2856 19 most most RBS 34457 2856 20 important important JJ 34457 2856 21 is be VBZ 34457 2856 22 the the DT 34457 2856 23 determination determination NN 34457 2856 24 of of IN 34457 2856 25 the the DT 34457 2856 26 character character NN 34457 2856 27 of of IN 34457 2856 28 the the DT 34457 2856 29 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2856 30 - - HYPH 34457 2856 31 point point NN 34457 2856 32 curve curve NN 34457 2856 33 ; ; : 34457 2856 34 for for IN 34457 2856 35 from from IN 34457 2856 36 the the DT 34457 2856 37 form form NN 34457 2856 38 of of IN 34457 2856 39 this this DT 34457 2856 40 , , , 34457 2856 41 valuable valuable JJ 34457 2856 42 information information NN 34457 2856 43 can can MD 34457 2856 44 , , , 34457 2856 45 as as IN 34457 2856 46 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2856 47 have have VBP 34457 2856 48 already already RB 34457 2856 49 learned learn VBN 34457 2856 50 , , , 34457 2856 51 be be VB 34457 2856 52 { { -LRB- 34457 2856 53 221 221 CD 34457 2856 54 } } -RRB- 34457 2856 55 obtained obtain VBD 34457 2856 56 regarding regard VBG 34457 2856 57 the the DT 34457 2856 58 nature nature NN 34457 2856 59 of of IN 34457 2856 60 the the DT 34457 2856 61 solid solid JJ 34457 2856 62 substances substance NNS 34457 2856 63 which which WDT 34457 2856 64 separate separate VBP 34457 2856 65 out out RP 34457 2856 66 from from IN 34457 2856 67 the the DT 34457 2856 68 molten molten JJ 34457 2856 69 mixture mixture NN 34457 2856 70 . . . 34457 2857 1 Although although IN 34457 2857 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2857 3 is be VBZ 34457 2857 4 impossible impossible JJ 34457 2857 5 here here RB 34457 2857 6 to to TO 34457 2857 7 discuss discuss VB 34457 2857 8 fully fully RB 34457 2857 9 the the DT 34457 2857 10 experimental experimental JJ 34457 2857 11 results result NNS 34457 2857 12 and and CC 34457 2857 13 the the DT 34457 2857 14 oftentimes oftentime NNS 34457 2857 15 very very RB 34457 2857 16 complicated complicated JJ 34457 2857 17 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2857 18 which which WDT 34457 2857 19 the the DT 34457 2857 20 study study NN 34457 2857 21 of of IN 34457 2857 22 the the DT 34457 2857 23 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2857 24 has have VBZ 34457 2857 25 brought bring VBN 34457 2857 26 to to IN 34457 2857 27 light light NN 34457 2857 28 , , , 34457 2857 29 a a DT 34457 2857 30 brief brief JJ 34457 2857 31 reference reference NN 34457 2857 32 to to IN 34457 2857 33 these these DT 34457 2857 34 bodies body NNS 34457 2857 35 will will MD 34457 2857 36 be be VB 34457 2857 37 advisable advisable JJ 34457 2857 38 on on IN 34457 2857 39 account account NN 34457 2857 40 both both DT 34457 2857 41 of of IN 34457 2857 42 the the DT 34457 2857 43 scientific scientific JJ 34457 2857 44 interest interest NN 34457 2857 45 and and CC 34457 2857 46 of of IN 34457 2857 47 the the DT 34457 2857 48 industrial industrial JJ 34457 2857 49 importance importance NN 34457 2857 50 attaching attach VBG 34457 2857 51 to to IN 34457 2857 52 them -PRON- PRP 34457 2857 53 . . . 34457 2858 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2858 2 303 303 CD 34457 2858 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2858 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2858 5 have have VBP 34457 2858 6 already already RB 34457 2858 7 seen see VBN 34457 2858 8 that that IN 34457 2858 9 there there EX 34457 2858 10 are be VBP 34457 2858 11 three three CD 34457 2858 12 chief chief JJ 34457 2858 13 types type NNS 34457 2858 14 of of IN 34457 2858 15 freezing freeze VBG 34457 2858 16 - - HYPH 34457 2858 17 point point NN 34457 2858 18 curves curve NNS 34457 2858 19 in in IN 34457 2858 20 systems system NNS 34457 2858 21 of of IN 34457 2858 22 two two CD 34457 2858 23 components component NNS 34457 2858 24 , , , 34457 2858 25 viz viz NN 34457 2858 26 . . . 34457 2859 1 those those DT 34457 2859 2 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2859 3 when when WRB 34457 2859 4 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2859 5 1 1 LS 34457 2859 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2859 7 the the DT 34457 2859 8 pure pure JJ 34457 2859 9 components component NNS 34457 2859 10 crystallize crystallize VBP 34457 2859 11 out out RP 34457 2859 12 from from IN 34457 2859 13 the the DT 34457 2859 14 molten molten JJ 34457 2859 15 mass mass NN 34457 2859 16 ; ; : 34457 2859 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2859 18 2 2 LS 34457 2859 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2859 20 the the DT 34457 2859 21 components component NNS 34457 2859 22 form form VBP 34457 2859 23 one one CD 34457 2859 24 or or CC 34457 2859 25 more more JJR 34457 2859 26 compounds compound NNS 34457 2859 27 ; ; , 34457 2859 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2859 29 3 3 LS 34457 2859 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2859 31 the the DT 34457 2859 32 components component NNS 34457 2859 33 form form NN 34457 2859 34 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2859 35 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2859 36 . . . 34457 2860 1 In in IN 34457 2860 2 the the DT 34457 2860 3 case case NN 34457 2860 4 of of IN 34457 2860 5 the the DT 34457 2860 6 metals metal NNS 34457 2860 7 , , , 34457 2860 8 representatives representative NNS 34457 2860 9 of of IN 34457 2860 10 these these DT 34457 2860 11 three three CD 34457 2860 12 classes class NNS 34457 2860 13 are be VBP 34457 2860 14 also also RB 34457 2860 15 found find VBN 34457 2860 16 . . . 34457 2861 1 1 1 LS 34457 2861 2 . . . 34457 2862 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2862 2 The the DT 34457 2862 3 components component NNS 34457 2862 4 separate separate VBP 34457 2862 5 out out RP 34457 2862 6 in in IN 34457 2862 7 the the DT 34457 2862 8 pure pure JJ 34457 2862 9 state state NN 34457 2862 10 . . . 34457 2862 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2862 12 In in IN 34457 2862 13 this this DT 34457 2862 14 case case NN 34457 2862 15 the the DT 34457 2862 16 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2862 17 - - HYPH 34457 2862 18 point point NN 34457 2862 19 curve curve NN 34457 2862 20 is be VBZ 34457 2862 21 of of IN 34457 2862 22 the the DT 34457 2862 23 simple simple JJ 34457 2862 24 type type NN 34457 2862 25 , , , 34457 2862 26 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2862 27 . . . 34457 2863 1 63 63 CD 34457 2863 2 , , , 34457 2863 3 I. i. NN 34457 2864 1 Such such JJ 34457 2864 2 curves curve NNS 34457 2864 3 have have VBP 34457 2864 4 been be VBN 34457 2864 5 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2864 6 in in IN 34457 2864 7 the the DT 34457 2864 8 case case NN 34457 2864 9 of of IN 34457 2864 10 a a DT 34457 2864 11 number number NN 34457 2864 12 of of IN 34457 2864 13 pairs pair NNS 34457 2864 14 of of IN 34457 2864 15 metals metal NNS 34457 2864 16 , , , 34457 2864 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2864 18 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 2864 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2864 20 zinc zinc NN 34457 2864 21 -- -- : 34457 2864 22 cadmium cadmium NN 34457 2864 23 , , , 34457 2864 24 zinc zinc NN 34457 2864 25 -- -- : 34457 2864 26 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 2864 27 , , , 34457 2864 28 copper copper NN 34457 2864 29 -- -- : 34457 2864 30 silver silver NN 34457 2864 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2864 32 Heycock Heycock NNP 34457 2864 33 and and CC 34457 2864 34 Neville Neville NNP 34457 2864 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2864 36 , , , 34457 2864 37 tin tin NN 34457 2864 38 -- -- : 34457 2864 39 zinc zinc NN 34457 2864 40 , , , 34457 2864 41 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 2864 42 -- -- : 34457 2864 43 lead lead NN 34457 2864 44 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2864 45 Gautier Gautier NNP 34457 2864 46 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2864 47 , , , 34457 2864 48 and and CC 34457 2864 49 in in IN 34457 2864 50 other other JJ 34457 2864 51 cases case NNS 34457 2864 52 . . . 34457 2865 1 From from IN 34457 2865 2 molten molten JJ 34457 2865 3 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2865 4 represented represent VBN 34457 2865 5 by by IN 34457 2865 6 one one CD 34457 2865 7 branch branch NN 34457 2865 8 of of IN 34457 2865 9 the the DT 34457 2865 10 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2865 11 - - HYPH 34457 2865 12 point point NN 34457 2865 13 curve curve NN 34457 2865 14 one one CD 34457 2865 15 of of IN 34457 2865 16 the the DT 34457 2865 17 metals metal NNS 34457 2865 18 will will MD 34457 2865 19 be be VB 34457 2865 20 deposited deposit VBN 34457 2865 21 ; ; : 34457 2865 22 while while IN 34457 2865 23 from from IN 34457 2865 24 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2865 25 represented represent VBN 34457 2865 26 by by IN 34457 2865 27 the the DT 34457 2865 28 other other JJ 34457 2865 29 branch branch NN 34457 2865 30 , , , 34457 2865 31 the the DT 34457 2865 32 other other JJ 34457 2865 33 metal metal NN 34457 2865 34 will will MD 34457 2865 35 separate separate VB 34457 2865 36 out out RP 34457 2865 37 . . . 34457 2866 1 At at IN 34457 2866 2 the the DT 34457 2866 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2866 4 point point NN 34457 2866 5 the the DT 34457 2866 6 molten molten JJ 34457 2866 7 mass mass NN 34457 2866 8 will will MD 34457 2866 9 solidify solidify VB 34457 2866 10 to to IN 34457 2866 11 a a DT 34457 2866 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2866 13 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2866 14 mixture mixture NN 34457 2866 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2866 16 of of IN 34457 2866 17 the the DT 34457 2866 18 two two CD 34457 2866 19 metals metal NNS 34457 2866 20 , , , 34457 2866 21 forming form VBG 34457 2866 22 what what WP 34457 2866 23 is be VBZ 34457 2866 24 known know VBN 34457 2866 25 as as IN 34457 2866 26 the the DT 34457 2866 27 _ _ NNP 34457 2866 28 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2866 29 alloy alloy NN 34457 2866 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2866 31 . . . 34457 2867 1 Such such PDT 34457 2867 2 an an DT 34457 2867 3 alloy alloy NN 34457 2867 4 , , , 34457 2867 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2867 6 , , , 34457 2867 7 will will MD 34457 2867 8 melt melt VB 34457 2867 9 at at IN 34457 2867 10 a a DT 34457 2867 11 definite definite JJ 34457 2867 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 2867 13 lower low JJR 34457 2867 14 than than IN 34457 2867 15 the the DT 34457 2867 16 melting melting NN 34457 2867 17 point point NN 34457 2867 18 of of IN 34457 2867 19 either either DT 34457 2867 20 of of IN 34457 2867 21 the the DT 34457 2867 22 pure pure JJ 34457 2867 23 metals metal NNS 34457 2867 24 . . . 34457 2868 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2868 2 222 222 CD 34457 2868 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2868 4 In in IN 34457 2868 5 the the DT 34457 2868 6 following follow VBG 34457 2868 7 table table NN 34457 2868 8 are be VBP 34457 2868 9 given give VBN 34457 2868 10 the the DT 34457 2868 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 2868 12 and and CC 34457 2868 13 the the DT 34457 2868 14 composition composition NN 34457 2868 15 of of IN 34457 2868 16 the the DT 34457 2868 17 liquid liquid NN 34457 2868 18 at at IN 34457 2868 19 the the DT 34457 2868 20 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2868 21 point point NN 34457 2868 22 , , , 34457 2868 23 for for IN 34457 2868 24 three three CD 34457 2868 25 pairs pair NNS 34457 2868 26 of of IN 34457 2868 27 metals:-- metals:-- NNP 34457 2868 28 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- NNP 34457 2868 29 | | NNP 34457 2868 30 Temperature temperature NN 34457 2868 31 . . . 34457 2869 1 | | NNP 34457 2869 2 Composition Composition NNP 34457 2869 3 of of IN 34457 2869 4 liquid liquid NN 34457 2869 5 . . . 34457 2870 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2870 2 Zinc zinc NN 34457 2870 3 -- -- : 34457 2870 4 cadmium cadmium NN 34457 2870 5 | | CD 34457 2870 6 264.5 264.5â CD 34457 2870 7 ° ° , 34457 2870 8 | | CD 34457 2870 9 73.5 73.5 CD 34457 2870 10 atoms atom NNS 34457 2870 11 per per IN 34457 2870 12 cent cent NN 34457 2870 13 . . . 34457 2871 1 of of IN 34457 2871 2 cadmium cadmium NN 34457 2871 3 . . . 34457 2872 1 Zinc zinc NN 34457 2872 2 -- -- : 34457 2872 3 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 2872 4 | | CD 34457 2872 5 380.5 380.5 NNP 34457 2872 6 ° ° , 34457 2872 7 | | CD 34457 2872 8 11 11 CD 34457 2872 9 " " '' 34457 2872 10 " " `` 34457 2872 11 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 2872 12 . . . 34457 2873 1 Copper copper NN 34457 2873 2 -- -- : 34457 2873 3 silver silver NN 34457 2873 4 | | NNP 34457 2873 5 778 778 NNP 34457 2873 6 ° ° , 34457 2873 7 | | CD 34457 2873 8 40 40 CD 34457 2873 9 " " '' 34457 2873 10 " " `` 34457 2873 11 copper copper NN 34457 2873 12 . . . 34457 2874 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 2874 2 The the DT 34457 2874 3 melting melt VBG 34457 2874 4 points point NNS 34457 2874 5 of of IN 34457 2874 6 the the DT 34457 2874 7 pure pure JJ 34457 2874 8 metals metal NNS 34457 2874 9 are be VBP 34457 2874 10 , , , 34457 2874 11 zinc zinc NN 34457 2874 12 , , , 34457 2874 13 419 419â CD 34457 2874 14 ° ° NNS 34457 2874 15 ; ; : 34457 2874 16 cadmium cadmium NN 34457 2874 17 , , , 34457 2874 18 322 322â CD 34457 2874 19 ° ° NNS 34457 2874 20 ; ; : 34457 2874 21 silver silver NN 34457 2874 22 , , , 34457 2874 23 960 960â CD 34457 2874 24 ° ° NNS 34457 2874 25 ; ; : 34457 2874 26 copper copper NN 34457 2874 27 , , , 34457 2874 28 1081 1081 NNP 34457 2874 29 ° ° NNS 34457 2874 30 ; ; : 34457 2874 31 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 2874 32 , , , 34457 2874 33 650 650 NNP 34457 2874 34 ° ° NNS 34457 2874 35 . . . 34457 2875 1 2 2 LS 34457 2875 2 . . . 34457 2876 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2876 2 The the DT 34457 2876 3 two two CD 34457 2876 4 metals metal NNS 34457 2876 5 can can MD 34457 2876 6 form form VB 34457 2876 7 one one CD 34457 2876 8 or or CC 34457 2876 9 more more JJR 34457 2876 10 compounds compound NNS 34457 2876 11 . . . 34457 2876 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2876 13 In in IN 34457 2876 14 this this DT 34457 2876 15 case case NN 34457 2876 16 there there EX 34457 2876 17 will will MD 34457 2876 18 be be VB 34457 2876 19 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2876 20 not not RB 34457 2876 21 only only RB 34457 2876 22 the the DT 34457 2876 23 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2876 24 - - HYPH 34457 2876 25 point point NN 34457 2876 26 curves curve NNS 34457 2876 27 of of IN 34457 2876 28 the the DT 34457 2876 29 pure pure JJ 34457 2876 30 metals metal NNS 34457 2876 31 , , , 34457 2876 32 but but CC 34457 2876 33 each each DT 34457 2876 34 compound compound NN 34457 2876 35 formed form VBD 34457 2876 36 will will MD 34457 2876 37 have have VB 34457 2876 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2876 39 own own JJ 34457 2876 40 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2876 41 - - HYPH 34457 2876 42 point point NN 34457 2876 43 curve curve NN 34457 2876 44 , , , 34457 2876 45 exhibiting exhibit VBG 34457 2876 46 a a DT 34457 2876 47 point point NN 34457 2876 48 of of IN 34457 2876 49 maximum maximum JJ 34457 2876 50 temperature temperature NN 34457 2876 51 , , , 34457 2876 52 and and CC 34457 2876 53 ending end VBG 34457 2876 54 on on IN 34457 2876 55 either either DT 34457 2876 56 side side NN 34457 2876 57 in in IN 34457 2876 58 an an DT 34457 2876 59 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2876 60 point point NN 34457 2876 61 . . . 34457 2877 1 The the DT 34457 2877 2 simplest simple JJS 34457 2877 3 curve curve NN 34457 2877 4 of of IN 34457 2877 5 this this DT 34457 2877 6 type type NN 34457 2877 7 will will MD 34457 2877 8 be be VB 34457 2877 9 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2877 10 when when WRB 34457 2877 11 only only RB 34457 2877 12 one one CD 34457 2877 13 compound compound NN 34457 2877 14 is be VBZ 34457 2877 15 formed form VBN 34457 2877 16 , , , 34457 2877 17 as as IN 34457 2877 18 is be VBZ 34457 2877 19 the the DT 34457 2877 20 case case NN 34457 2877 21 with with IN 34457 2877 22 mercury mercury NN 34457 2877 23 and and CC 34457 2877 24 thallium thallium NN 34457 2877 25 . . . 34457 2878 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2878 2 304 304 CD 34457 2878 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2878 4 This this DT 34457 2878 5 curve curve NN 34457 2878 6 is be VBZ 34457 2878 7 represented represent VBN 34457 2878 8 in in IN 34457 2878 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2878 10 . . . 34457 2879 1 74 74 CD 34457 2879 2 , , , 34457 2879 3 where where WRB 34457 2879 4 the the DT 34457 2879 5 summit summit NN 34457 2879 6 of of IN 34457 2879 7 the the DT 34457 2879 8 intermediate intermediate JJ 34457 2879 9 curve curve NN 34457 2879 10 corresponds correspond NNS 34457 2879 11 with with IN 34457 2879 12 a a DT 34457 2879 13 composition composition NN 34457 2879 14 TlHg_{2 tlhg_{2 NN 34457 2879 15 } } -RRB- 34457 2879 16 . . . 34457 2880 1 Similar similar JJ 34457 2880 2 curves curve NNS 34457 2880 3 are be VBP 34457 2880 4 also also RB 34457 2880 5 given give VBN 34457 2880 6 by by IN 34457 2880 7 nickel nickel NN 34457 2880 8 and and CC 34457 2880 9 tin tin NN 34457 2880 10 , , , 34457 2880 11 by by IN 34457 2880 12 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 2880 13 and and CC 34457 2880 14 silver silver NN 34457 2880 15 , , , 34457 2880 16 and and CC 34457 2880 17 by by IN 34457 2880 18 other other JJ 34457 2880 19 metals metal NNS 34457 2880 20 , , , 34457 2880 21 the the DT 34457 2880 22 formation formation NN 34457 2880 23 of of IN 34457 2880 24 definite definite JJ 34457 2880 25 compounds compound NNS 34457 2880 26 between between IN 34457 2880 27 these these DT 34457 2880 28 pairs pair NNS 34457 2880 29 of of IN 34457 2880 30 metals metal NNS 34457 2880 31 being be VBG 34457 2880 32 thereby thereby RB 34457 2880 33 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2880 34 . . . 34457 2881 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2881 2 305 305 CD 34457 2881 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2881 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2881 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2881 6 : : : 34457 2881 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2881 8 . . . 34457 2882 1 74 74 CD 34457 2882 2 . . . 34457 2882 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2883 1 { { -LRB- 34457 2883 2 223 223 CD 34457 2883 3 } } -RRB- 34457 2883 4 A a DT 34457 2883 5 curve curve NN 34457 2883 6 belonging belong VBG 34457 2883 7 to to IN 34457 2883 8 the the DT 34457 2883 9 same same JJ 34457 2883 10 type type NN 34457 2883 11 , , , 34457 2883 12 but but CC 34457 2883 13 more more RBR 34457 2883 14 complicated complicated JJ 34457 2883 15 , , , 34457 2883 16 is be VBZ 34457 2883 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2883 18 with with IN 34457 2883 19 gold gold NN 34457 2883 20 and and CC 34457 2883 21 aluminium;[306 aluminium;[306 NNS 34457 2883 22 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2883 23 in in IN 34457 2883 24 this this DT 34457 2883 25 case case NN 34457 2883 26 , , , 34457 2883 27 several several JJ 34457 2883 28 compounds compound NNS 34457 2883 29 are be VBP 34457 2883 30 formed form VBN 34457 2883 31 , , , 34457 2883 32 some some DT 34457 2883 33 of of IN 34457 2883 34 which which WDT 34457 2883 35 have have VBP 34457 2883 36 a a DT 34457 2883 37 definite definite JJ 34457 2883 38 melting melting NN 34457 2883 39 point point NN 34457 2883 40 , , , 34457 2883 41 while while IN 34457 2883 42 others other NNS 34457 2883 43 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 2883 44 only only RB 34457 2883 45 a a DT 34457 2883 46 transition transition NN 34457 2883 47 point point NN 34457 2883 48 . . . 34457 2884 1 The the DT 34457 2884 2 chief chief JJ 34457 2884 3 compound compound NN 34457 2884 4 is be VBZ 34457 2884 5 AuAl_{2 AuAl_{2 NNP 34457 2884 6 } } -RRB- 34457 2884 7 , , , 34457 2884 8 which which WDT 34457 2884 9 has have VBZ 34457 2884 10 practically practically RB 34457 2884 11 the the DT 34457 2884 12 same same JJ 34457 2884 13 melting melting NN 34457 2884 14 point point NN 34457 2884 15 as as IN 34457 2884 16 pure pure JJ 34457 2884 17 gold gold NN 34457 2884 18 . . . 34457 2885 1 3 3 LS 34457 2885 2 . . . 34457 2886 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2886 2 The the DT 34457 2886 3 two two CD 34457 2886 4 metals metal NNS 34457 2886 5 form form NN 34457 2886 6 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2886 7 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2886 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2886 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2886 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 2886 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2886 12 . . . 34457 2886 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2886 14 The the DT 34457 2886 15 simplest simple JJS 34457 2886 16 case case NN 34457 2886 17 in in IN 34457 2886 18 which which WDT 34457 2886 19 the the DT 34457 2886 20 metals metal NNS 34457 2886 21 crystallize crystallize VBP 34457 2886 22 out out RP 34457 2886 23 together together RB 34457 2886 24 is be VBZ 34457 2886 25 found find VBN 34457 2886 26 in in IN 34457 2886 27 silver silver NN 34457 2886 28 and and CC 34457 2886 29 gold gold NN 34457 2886 30 . . . 34457 2887 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2887 2 307 307 CD 34457 2887 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2887 4 The the DT 34457 2887 5 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2887 6 - - HYPH 34457 2887 7 point point NN 34457 2887 8 curve curve NN 34457 2887 9 in in IN 34457 2887 10 this this DT 34457 2887 11 case case NN 34457 2887 12 is be VBZ 34457 2887 13 an an DT 34457 2887 14 almost almost RB 34457 2887 15 straight straight JJ 34457 2887 16 line line NN 34457 2887 17 joining join VBG 34457 2887 18 the the DT 34457 2887 19 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2887 20 points point NNS 34457 2887 21 of of IN 34457 2887 22 the the DT 34457 2887 23 pure pure JJ 34457 2887 24 metals metal NNS 34457 2887 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2887 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2887 27 cf cf NNP 34457 2887 28 . . . 34457 2887 29 _ _ NNP 34457 2887 30 curve curve NN 34457 2887 31 I. i. NN 34457 2887 32 , , , 34457 2887 33 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2887 34 . . . 34457 2888 1 65 65 CD 34457 2888 2 , , , 34457 2888 3 p. p. NN 34457 2888 4 210 210 CD 34457 2888 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2888 6 . . . 34457 2889 1 These these DT 34457 2889 2 two two CD 34457 2889 3 metals metal NNS 34457 2889 4 , , , 34457 2889 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 2889 6 , , , 34457 2889 7 can can MD 34457 2889 8 form form VB 34457 2889 9 an an DT 34457 2889 10 unbroken unbroken JJ 34457 2889 11 series series NN 34457 2889 12 of of IN 34457 2889 13 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2889 14 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2889 15 . . . 34457 2890 1 In in IN 34457 2890 2 some some DT 34457 2890 3 cases case NNS 34457 2890 4 , , , 34457 2890 5 however however RB 34457 2890 6 , , , 34457 2890 7 the the DT 34457 2890 8 two two CD 34457 2890 9 metals metal NNS 34457 2890 10 do do VBP 34457 2890 11 not not RB 34457 2890 12 form form VB 34457 2890 13 an an DT 34457 2890 14 unbroken unbroken JJ 34457 2890 15 series series NN 34457 2890 16 of of IN 34457 2890 17 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2890 18 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2890 19 . . . 34457 2891 1 In in IN 34457 2891 2 the the DT 34457 2891 3 case case NN 34457 2891 4 of of IN 34457 2891 5 zinc zinc NN 34457 2891 6 and and CC 34457 2891 7 silver,[308 silver,[308 NN 34457 2891 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2891 9 for for IN 34457 2891 10 example example NN 34457 2891 11 , , , 34457 2891 12 the the DT 34457 2891 13 addition addition NN 34457 2891 14 of of IN 34457 2891 15 silver silver NN 34457 2891 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2891 17 raises raise VBZ 34457 2891 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2891 19 the the DT 34457 2891 20 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2891 21 point point NN 34457 2891 22 of of IN 34457 2891 23 the the DT 34457 2891 24 mixture mixture NN 34457 2891 25 , , , 34457 2891 26 until until IN 34457 2891 27 a a DT 34457 2891 28 transition transition NN 34457 2891 29 point point NN 34457 2891 30 is be VBZ 34457 2891 31 reached reach VBN 34457 2891 32 . . . 34457 2892 1 This this DT 34457 2892 2 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 2892 3 with with IN 34457 2892 4 curve curve NN 34457 2892 5 IV IV NNP 34457 2892 6 . . NNP 34457 2892 7 , , , 34457 2892 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2892 9 . . . 34457 2893 1 65 65 CD 34457 2893 2 . . . 34457 2894 1 Silver silver NN 34457 2894 2 and and CC 34457 2894 3 copper copper NN 34457 2894 4 , , , 34457 2894 5 and and CC 34457 2894 6 gold gold NN 34457 2894 7 and and CC 34457 2894 8 copper copper NN 34457 2894 9 , , , 34457 2894 10 on on IN 34457 2894 11 the the DT 34457 2894 12 other other JJ 34457 2894 13 hand hand NN 34457 2894 14 , , , 34457 2894 15 do do VB 34457 2894 16 not not RB 34457 2894 17 form form VB 34457 2894 18 unbroken unbroken JJ 34457 2894 19 series series NN 34457 2894 20 of of IN 34457 2894 21 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2894 22 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2894 23 , , , 34457 2894 24 but but CC 34457 2894 25 the the DT 34457 2894 26 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2894 27 - - HYPH 34457 2894 28 point point NN 34457 2894 29 curve curve NN 34457 2894 30 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2894 31 an an DT 34457 2894 32 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2894 33 point point NN 34457 2894 34 , , , 34457 2894 35 as as IN 34457 2894 36 in in IN 34457 2894 37 curve curve NN 34457 2894 38 V. v. NN 34457 2894 39 , , , 34457 2894 40 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2894 41 . . . 34457 2895 1 65 65 CD 34457 2895 2 . . . 34457 2896 1 Not not RB 34457 2896 2 only only RB 34457 2896 3 may may MD 34457 2896 4 there there EX 34457 2896 5 be be VB 34457 2896 6 these these DT 34457 2896 7 three three CD 34457 2896 8 different different JJ 34457 2896 9 types type NNS 34457 2896 10 of of IN 34457 2896 11 curves curve NNS 34457 2896 12 , , , 34457 2896 13 but but CC 34457 2896 14 there there EX 34457 2896 15 may may MD 34457 2896 16 also also RB 34457 2896 17 be be VB 34457 2896 18 combinations combination NNS 34457 2896 19 of of IN 34457 2896 20 these these DT 34457 2896 21 . . . 34457 2897 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2897 2 the the DT 34457 2897 3 two two CD 34457 2897 4 metals metal NNS 34457 2897 5 may may MD 34457 2897 6 not not RB 34457 2897 7 only only RB 34457 2897 8 form form VB 34457 2897 9 compounds compound NNS 34457 2897 10 , , , 34457 2897 11 but but CC 34457 2897 12 one one CD 34457 2897 13 of of IN 34457 2897 14 the the DT 34457 2897 15 metals metal NNS 34457 2897 16 may may MD 34457 2897 17 not not RB 34457 2897 18 separate separate VB 34457 2897 19 out out RP 34457 2897 20 in in IN 34457 2897 21 the the DT 34457 2897 22 pure pure JJ 34457 2897 23 state state NN 34457 2897 24 at at RB 34457 2897 25 all all RB 34457 2897 26 , , , 34457 2897 27 but but CC 34457 2897 28 form form NN 34457 2897 29 mixed mixed JJ 34457 2897 30 crystals crystal NNS 34457 2897 31 . . . 34457 2898 1 In in IN 34457 2898 2 this this DT 34457 2898 3 case case NN 34457 2898 4 the the DT 34457 2898 5 freezing freezing NN 34457 2898 6 point point NN 34457 2898 7 may may MD 34457 2898 8 rise rise VB 34457 2898 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2898 10 as as IN 34457 2898 11 in in IN 34457 2898 12 the the DT 34457 2898 13 case case NN 34457 2898 14 of of IN 34457 2898 15 silver silver NN 34457 2898 16 and and CC 34457 2898 17 zinc zinc NN 34457 2898 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2898 19 , , , 34457 2898 20 and and CC 34457 2898 21 one one CD 34457 2898 22 of of IN 34457 2898 23 the the DT 34457 2898 24 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2898 25 points point NNS 34457 2898 26 will will MD 34457 2898 27 be be VB 34457 2898 28 absent absent JJ 34457 2898 29 . . . 34457 2899 1 Iron Iron NNP 34457 2899 2 - - HYPH 34457 2899 3 Carbon Carbon NNP 34457 2899 4 Alloys.--Of Alloys.--Of NNP 34457 2899 5 all all PDT 34457 2899 6 the the DT 34457 2899 7 different different JJ 34457 2899 8 binary binary JJ 34457 2899 9 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2899 10 , , , 34457 2899 11 probably probably RB 34457 2899 12 the the DT 34457 2899 13 most most RBS 34457 2899 14 important important JJ 34457 2899 15 are be VBP 34457 2899 16 those those DT 34457 2899 17 formed form VBN 34457 2899 18 by by IN 34457 2899 19 iron iron NN 34457 2899 20 and and CC 34457 2899 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 2899 22 : : : 34457 2899 23 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2899 24 consisting consist VBG 34457 2899 25 not not RB 34457 2899 26 of of IN 34457 2899 27 two two CD 34457 2899 28 metals metal NNS 34457 2899 29 , , , 34457 2899 30 but but CC 34457 2899 31 of of IN 34457 2899 32 a a DT 34457 2899 33 metal metal NN 34457 2899 34 and and CC 34457 2899 35 a a DT 34457 2899 36 non non JJ 34457 2899 37 - - JJ 34457 2899 38 metal metal JJ 34457 2899 39 . . . 34457 2900 1 On on IN 34457 2900 2 account account NN 34457 2900 3 of of IN 34457 2900 4 the the DT 34457 2900 5 importance importance NN 34457 2900 6 of of IN 34457 2900 7 these these DT 34457 2900 8 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2900 9 , , , 34457 2900 10 an an DT 34457 2900 11 attempt attempt NN 34457 2900 12 will will MD 34457 2900 13 be be VB 34457 2900 14 made make VBN 34457 2900 15 to to TO 34457 2900 16 describe describe VB 34457 2900 17 in in IN 34457 2900 18 brief brief NN 34457 2900 19 some some DT 34457 2900 20 of of IN 34457 2900 21 the the DT 34457 2900 22 most most RBS 34457 2900 23 important important JJ 34457 2900 24 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2900 25 met meet VBD 34457 2900 26 with with IN 34457 2900 27 . . . 34457 2901 1 Before before IN 34457 2901 2 proceeding proceed VBG 34457 2901 3 to to TO 34457 2901 4 discuss discuss VB 34457 2901 5 the the DT 34457 2901 6 applications application NNS 34457 2901 7 of of IN 34457 2901 8 the the DT 34457 2901 9 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2901 10 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2901 11 to to IN 34457 2901 12 the the DT 34457 2901 13 study study NN 34457 2901 14 of of IN 34457 2901 15 the the DT 34457 2901 16 iron iron NN 34457 2901 17 - - HYPH 34457 2901 18 carbon carbon NN 34457 2901 19 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2901 20 , , , 34457 2901 21 however however RB 34457 2901 22 , , , 34457 2901 23 the the DT 34457 2901 24 main main JJ 34457 2901 25 { { -LRB- 34457 2901 26 224 224 CD 34457 2901 27 } } -RRB- 34457 2901 28 facts fact NNS 34457 2901 29 with with IN 34457 2901 30 which which WDT 34457 2901 31 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2901 32 have have VBP 34457 2901 33 to to TO 34457 2901 34 deal deal VB 34457 2901 35 may may MD 34457 2901 36 be be VB 34457 2901 37 stated state VBN 34457 2901 38 very very RB 34457 2901 39 briefly briefly RB 34457 2901 40 . . . 34457 2902 1 With with IN 34457 2902 2 regard regard NN 34457 2902 3 to to IN 34457 2902 4 the the DT 34457 2902 5 metal metal NN 34457 2902 6 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 2902 7 , , , 34457 2902 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2902 9 is be VBZ 34457 2902 10 known know VBN 34457 2902 11 to to TO 34457 2902 12 exist exist VB 34457 2902 13 in in IN 34457 2902 14 three three CD 34457 2902 15 different different JJ 34457 2902 16 allotropic allotropic JJ 34457 2902 17 modifications modification NNS 34457 2902 18 , , , 34457 2902 19 called call VBN 34457 2902 20 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2902 21 alpha]- alpha]- NN 34457 2902 22 , , , 34457 2902 23 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2902 24 beta]- beta]- NN 34457 2902 25 , , , 34457 2902 26 and and CC 34457 2902 27 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2902 28 gamma]-ferrite gamma]-ferrite JJ 34457 2902 29 respectively respectively RB 34457 2902 30 . . . 34457 2903 1 Like like IN 34457 2903 2 the the DT 34457 2903 3 two two CD 34457 2903 4 modifications modification NNS 34457 2903 5 of of IN 34457 2903 6 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 2903 7 and and CC 34457 2903 8 of of IN 34457 2903 9 tin tin NN 34457 2903 10 , , , 34457 2903 11 these these DT 34457 2903 12 different different JJ 34457 2903 13 forms form NNS 34457 2903 14 exhibit exhibit NN 34457 2903 15 transition transition NN 34457 2903 16 points point NNS 34457 2903 17 at at IN 34457 2903 18 which which WDT 34457 2903 19 the the DT 34457 2903 20 relative relative JJ 34457 2903 21 stability stability NN 34457 2903 22 of of IN 34457 2903 23 the the DT 34457 2903 24 forms form NNS 34457 2903 25 changes change NNS 34457 2903 26 . . . 34457 2904 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2904 2 the the DT 34457 2904 3 transition transition NN 34457 2904 4 point point NN 34457 2904 5 for for IN 34457 2904 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2904 7 alpha]- alpha]- JJ 34457 2904 8 and and CC 34457 2904 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2904 10 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite NN 34457 2904 11 is be VBZ 34457 2904 12 about about IN 34457 2904 13 780 780â CD 34457 2904 14 ° ° NNS 34457 2904 15 ; ; , 34457 2904 16 and and CC 34457 2904 17 below below IN 34457 2904 18 this this DT 34457 2904 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 2904 20 the the DT 34457 2904 21 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2904 22 alpha]- alpha]- JJ 34457 2904 23 form form NN 34457 2904 24 , , , 34457 2904 25 above above IN 34457 2904 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2904 27 the the DT 34457 2904 28 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2904 29 beta]- beta]- NN 34457 2904 30 form form NN 34457 2904 31 is be VBZ 34457 2904 32 stable stable JJ 34457 2904 33 . . . 34457 2905 1 For for IN 34457 2905 2 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2905 3 beta]- beta]- NN 34457 2905 4 and and CC 34457 2905 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2905 6 gamma]-ferrite gamma]-ferrite JJ 34457 2905 7 , , , 34457 2905 8 the the DT 34457 2905 9 transition transition NN 34457 2905 10 point point NN 34457 2905 11 is be VBZ 34457 2905 12 about about IN 34457 2905 13 870 870â CD 34457 2905 14 ° ° NNS 34457 2905 15 , , , 34457 2905 16 the the DT 34457 2905 17 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2905 18 gamma]- gamma]- JJ 34457 2905 19 form form NN 34457 2905 20 being be VBG 34457 2905 21 the the DT 34457 2905 22 stable stable JJ 34457 2905 23 modification modification NN 34457 2905 24 above above IN 34457 2905 25 this this DT 34457 2905 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 2905 27 . . . 34457 2906 1 The the DT 34457 2906 2 different different JJ 34457 2906 3 modifications modification NNS 34457 2906 4 of of IN 34457 2906 5 iron iron NN 34457 2906 6 also also RB 34457 2906 7 possess possess VBP 34457 2906 8 different different JJ 34457 2906 9 properties property NNS 34457 2906 10 . . . 34457 2907 1 Thus thus RB 34457 2907 2 , , , 34457 2907 3 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2907 4 alpha]-ferrite alpha]-ferrite NNP 34457 2907 5 is be VBZ 34457 2907 6 magnetic magnetic JJ 34457 2907 7 , , , 34457 2907 8 but but CC 34457 2907 9 does do VBZ 34457 2907 10 not not RB 34457 2907 11 possess possess VB 34457 2907 12 the the DT 34457 2907 13 power power NN 34457 2907 14 of of IN 34457 2907 15 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 2907 16 carbon carbon NN 34457 2907 17 ; ; : 34457 2907 18 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2907 19 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite NN 34457 2907 20 is be VBZ 34457 2907 21 non non JJ 34457 2907 22 - - JJ 34457 2907 23 magnetic magnetic JJ 34457 2907 24 , , , 34457 2907 25 and and CC 34457 2907 26 likewise likewise RB 34457 2907 27 does do VBZ 34457 2907 28 not not RB 34457 2907 29 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 2907 30 carbon carbon NN 34457 2907 31 ; ; : 34457 2907 32 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2907 33 gamma]-ferrite gamma]-ferrite NNP 34457 2907 34 is be VBZ 34457 2907 35 also also RB 34457 2907 36 non non JJ 34457 2907 37 - - JJ 34457 2907 38 magnetic magnetic JJ 34457 2907 39 , , , 34457 2907 40 but but CC 34457 2907 41 possesses possess VBZ 34457 2907 42 the the DT 34457 2907 43 power power NN 34457 2907 44 of of IN 34457 2907 45 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 2907 46 carbon carbon NN 34457 2907 47 , , , 34457 2907 48 and and CC 34457 2907 49 of of IN 34457 2907 50 thus thus RB 34457 2907 51 giving give VBG 34457 2907 52 rise rise NN 34457 2907 53 to to IN 34457 2907 54 solid solid JJ 34457 2907 55 solutions solution NNS 34457 2907 56 of of IN 34457 2907 57 carbon carbon NN 34457 2907 58 in in IN 34457 2907 59 iron iron NN 34457 2907 60 . . . 34457 2908 1 Various various JJ 34457 2908 2 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2908 3 of of IN 34457 2908 4 iron iron NN 34457 2908 5 and and CC 34457 2908 6 carbon carbon NN 34457 2908 7 , , , 34457 2908 8 also also RB 34457 2908 9 , , , 34457 2908 10 have have VB 34457 2908 11 to to TO 34457 2908 12 be be VB 34457 2908 13 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 2908 14 . . . 34457 2909 1 First first RB 34457 2909 2 of of IN 34457 2909 3 all all DT 34457 2909 4 , , , 34457 2909 5 there there EX 34457 2909 6 is be VBZ 34457 2909 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2909 8 hard hard JJ 34457 2909 9 steel steel NN 34457 2909 10 _ _ NNP 34457 2909 11 , , , 34457 2909 12 which which WDT 34457 2909 13 contains contain VBZ 34457 2909 14 varying varying NN 34457 2909 15 amounts amount NNS 34457 2909 16 of of IN 34457 2909 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 2909 18 up up IN 34457 2909 19 to to TO 34457 2909 20 2 2 CD 34457 2909 21 per per NN 34457 2909 22 cent cent NN 34457 2909 23 . . . 34457 2910 1 Microscopic microscopic JJ 34457 2910 2 examination examination NN 34457 2910 3 shows show VBZ 34457 2910 4 that that IN 34457 2910 5 these these DT 34457 2910 6 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2910 7 are be VBP 34457 2910 8 all all DT 34457 2910 9 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2910 10 ; ; : 34457 2910 11 and and CC 34457 2910 12 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2910 13 are be VBP 34457 2910 14 therefore therefore RB 34457 2910 15 to to TO 34457 2910 16 be be VB 34457 2910 17 regarded regard VBN 34457 2910 18 as as IN 34457 2910 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2910 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 2910 21 of of IN 34457 2910 22 carbon carbon NN 34457 2910 23 in in IN 34457 2910 24 iron iron NN 34457 2910 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2910 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2910 27 gamma]-ferrite gamma]-ferrite JJ 34457 2910 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2910 29 . . . 34457 2911 1 To to IN 34457 2911 2 these these DT 34457 2911 3 solutions solution NNS 34457 2911 4 the the DT 34457 2911 5 name name NN 34457 2911 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2911 7 martensite martensite NNP 34457 2911 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2911 9 has have VBZ 34457 2911 10 been be VBN 34457 2911 11 given give VBN 34457 2911 12 . . . 34457 2912 1 _ _ NNP 34457 2912 2 Pearlite Pearlite NNP 34457 2912 3 _ _ NNP 34457 2912 4 contains contain VBZ 34457 2912 5 about about RB 34457 2912 6 0.8 0.8 CD 34457 2912 7 per per NN 34457 2912 8 cent cent NN 34457 2912 9 . . . 34457 2913 1 of of IN 34457 2913 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2913 3 , , , 34457 2913 4 and and CC 34457 2913 5 , , , 34457 2913 6 on on IN 34457 2913 7 microscopic microscopic JJ 34457 2913 8 examination examination NN 34457 2913 9 , , , 34457 2913 10 is be VBZ 34457 2913 11 found find VBN 34457 2913 12 to to TO 34457 2913 13 be be VB 34457 2913 14 a a DT 34457 2913 15 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2913 16 mixture mixture NN 34457 2913 17 . . . 34457 2914 1 If if IN 34457 2914 2 heated heated JJ 34457 2914 3 above above IN 34457 2914 4 670 670â CD 34457 2914 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2914 6 , , , 34457 2914 7 pearlite pearlite NN 34457 2914 8 becomes become VBZ 34457 2914 9 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2914 10 , , , 34457 2914 11 and and CC 34457 2914 12 forms form VBZ 34457 2914 13 martensite martensite JJ 34457 2914 14 . . . 34457 2915 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 2915 2 , , , 34457 2915 3 there there EX 34457 2915 4 is be VBZ 34457 2915 5 a a DT 34457 2915 6 definite definite JJ 34457 2915 7 compound compound NN 34457 2915 8 of of IN 34457 2915 9 iron iron NN 34457 2915 10 and and CC 34457 2915 11 carbon carbon NN 34457 2915 12 , , , 34457 2915 13 iron iron NN 34457 2915 14 carbide carbide NN 34457 2915 15 or or CC 34457 2915 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2915 17 cementite cementite NN 34457 2915 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2915 19 , , , 34457 2915 20 having have VBG 34457 2915 21 the the DT 34457 2915 22 formula formula NN 34457 2915 23 Fe_{3}C. fe_{3}c. NN 34457 2915 24 A a DT 34457 2915 25 short short JJ 34457 2915 26 description description NN 34457 2915 27 may may MD 34457 2915 28 now now RB 34457 2915 29 be be VB 34457 2915 30 given give VBN 34457 2915 31 of of IN 34457 2915 32 the the DT 34457 2915 33 application application NN 34457 2915 34 of of IN 34457 2915 35 the the DT 34457 2915 36 Phase Phase NNP 34457 2915 37 Rule Rule NNP 34457 2915 38 to to IN 34457 2915 39 the the DT 34457 2915 40 two two CD 34457 2915 41 - - HYPH 34457 2915 42 component component NN 34457 2915 43 system system NN 34457 2915 44 iron iron NN 34457 2915 45 -- -- : 34457 2915 46 carbon carbon NN 34457 2915 47 ; ; : 34457 2915 48 and and CC 34457 2915 49 of of IN 34457 2915 50 the the DT 34457 2915 51 diagram diagram NN 34457 2915 52 showing show VBG 34457 2915 53 how how WRB 34457 2915 54 the the DT 34457 2915 55 different different JJ 34457 2915 56 systems system NNS 34457 2915 57 are be VBP 34457 2915 58 related relate VBN 34457 2915 59 , , , 34457 2915 60 and and CC 34457 2915 61 with with IN 34457 2915 62 the the DT 34457 2915 63 help help NN 34457 2915 64 of of IN 34457 2915 65 which which WDT 34457 2915 66 the the DT 34457 2915 67 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 2915 68 of of IN 34457 2915 69 the the DT 34457 2915 70 different different JJ 34457 2915 71 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2915 72 under under IN 34457 2915 73 given give VBN 34457 2915 74 conditions condition NNS 34457 2915 75 can can MD 34457 2915 76 be be VB 34457 2915 77 predicted predict VBN 34457 2915 78 . . . 34457 2916 1 Although although IN 34457 2916 2 , , , 34457 2916 3 with with IN 34457 2916 4 regard regard NN 34457 2916 5 to to IN 34457 2916 6 the the DT 34457 2916 7 main main JJ 34457 2916 8 features feature NNS 34457 2916 9 of of IN 34457 2916 10 this this DT 34457 2916 11 diagram diagram NN 34457 2916 12 , , , 34457 2916 13 the the DT 34457 2916 14 different different JJ 34457 2916 15 areas area NNS 34457 2916 16 to to TO 34457 2916 17 be be VB 34457 2916 18 mapped map VBN 34457 2916 19 and and CC 34457 2916 20 the the DT 34457 2916 21 position position NN 34457 2916 22 of of IN 34457 2916 23 the the DT 34457 2916 24 frontier frontier NN 34457 2916 25 lines line NNS 34457 2916 26 , , , 34457 2916 27 there there EX 34457 2916 28 is be VBZ 34457 2916 29 general general JJ 34457 2916 30 agreement agreement NN 34457 2916 31 ; ; : 34457 2916 32 a a DT 34457 2916 33 final final JJ 34457 2916 34 decision decision NN 34457 2916 35 has have VBZ 34457 2916 36 not not RB 34457 2916 37 yet yet RB 34457 2916 38 been be VBN 34457 2916 39 reached reach VBN 34457 2916 40 with with IN 34457 2916 41 regard regard NN 34457 2916 42 to to IN 34457 2916 43 the the DT 34457 2916 44 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2916 45 to to TO 34457 2916 46 be be VB 34457 2916 47 put put VBN 34457 2916 48 on on IN 34457 2916 49 all all PDT 34457 2916 50 the the DT 34457 2916 51 curves curve NNS 34457 2916 52 . . . 34457 2917 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2917 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 2917 3 : : : 34457 2917 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 2917 5 . . . 34457 2918 1 75 75 CD 34457 2918 2 . . . 34457 2918 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2919 1 The the DT 34457 2919 2 chief chief JJ 34457 2919 3 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2919 4 met meet VBD 34457 2919 5 with with IN 34457 2919 6 in in IN 34457 2919 7 the the DT 34457 2919 8 case case NN 34457 2919 9 of of IN 34457 2919 10 the the DT 34457 2919 11 { { -LRB- 34457 2919 12 225 225 CD 34457 2919 13 } } -RRB- 34457 2919 14 iron iron NN 34457 2919 15 - - HYPH 34457 2919 16 carbon carbon NN 34457 2919 17 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2919 18 are be VBP 34457 2919 19 represented represent VBN 34457 2919 20 graphically graphically RB 34457 2919 21 in in IN 34457 2919 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2919 23 . . . 34457 2920 1 75 75 CD 34457 2920 2 . . . 34457 2921 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2921 2 309 309 CD 34457 2921 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2921 4 The the DT 34457 2921 5 curve curve NN 34457 2921 6 AC AC NNP 34457 2921 7 is be VBZ 34457 2921 8 the the DT 34457 2921 9 freezing freezing JJ 34457 2921 10 - - HYPH 34457 2921 11 point point NN 34457 2921 12 curve curve NN 34457 2921 13 for for IN 34457 2921 14 iron,[310 iron,[310 NNP 34457 2921 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2921 16 BC BC NNP 34457 2921 17 the the DT 34457 2921 18 unknown unknown JJ 34457 2921 19 freezing freezing NN 34457 2921 20 - - HYPH 34457 2921 21 point point NN 34457 2921 22 curve curve NN 34457 2921 23 for for IN 34457 2921 24 graphite graphite NN 34457 2921 25 . . . 34457 2922 1 C C NNP 34457 2922 2 is be VBZ 34457 2922 3 an an DT 34457 2922 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2922 5 point point NN 34457 2922 6 . . . 34457 2923 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 2923 2 , , , 34457 2923 3 now now RB 34457 2923 4 , , , 34457 2923 5 that that IN 34457 2923 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2923 7 start start VBP 34457 2923 8 with with IN 34457 2923 9 a a DT 34457 2923 10 mixture mixture NN 34457 2923 11 of of IN 34457 2923 12 iron iron NN 34457 2923 13 and and CC 34457 2923 14 carbon carbon NN 34457 2923 15 , , , 34457 2923 16 represented represent VBN 34457 2923 17 by by IN 34457 2923 18 the the DT 34457 2923 19 point point NN 34457 2923 20 _ _ NNP 34457 2923 21 x x NNP 34457 2923 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2923 23 . . . 34457 2924 1 On on IN 34457 2924 2 lowering lower VBG 34457 2924 3 the the DT 34457 2924 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 2924 5 , , , 34457 2924 6 a a DT 34457 2924 7 point point NN 34457 2924 8 , , , 34457 2924 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2924 10 y y NNP 34457 2924 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2924 12 , , , 34457 2924 13 will will MD 34457 2924 14 be be VB 34457 2924 15 reached reach VBN 34457 2924 16 at at IN 34457 2924 17 which which WDT 34457 2924 18 solid solid JJ 34457 2924 19 begins begin VBZ 34457 2924 20 to to TO 34457 2924 21 separate separate VB 34457 2924 22 out out RP 34457 2924 23 . . . 34457 2925 1 This this DT 34457 2925 2 solid solid JJ 34457 2925 3 phase phase NN 34457 2925 4 , , , 34457 2925 5 however however RB 34457 2925 6 , , , 34457 2925 7 is be VBZ 34457 2925 8 not not RB 34457 2925 9 pure pure JJ 34457 2925 10 iron iron NN 34457 2925 11 , , , 34457 2925 12 but but CC 34457 2925 13 a a DT 34457 2925 14 solid solid JJ 34457 2925 15 solution solution NN 34457 2925 16 of of IN 34457 2925 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 2925 18 in in IN 34457 2925 19 iron iron NN 34457 2925 20 , , , 34457 2925 21 having have VBG 34457 2925 22 the the DT 34457 2925 23 composition composition NN 34457 2925 24 represented represent VBN 34457 2925 25 by by IN 34457 2925 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2925 27 y y NNP 34457 2925 28 ' ' '' 34457 2925 29 _ _ NNP 34457 2925 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2925 31 cf cf NN 34457 2925 32 . . . 34457 2926 1 p. p. NN 34457 2926 2 185 185 CD 34457 2926 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2926 4 . . . 34457 2927 1 As as IN 34457 2927 2 the the DT 34457 2927 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2927 4 continues continue VBZ 34457 2927 5 to to TO 34457 2927 6 fall fall VB 34457 2927 7 , , , 34457 2927 8 the the DT 34457 2927 9 { { -LRB- 34457 2927 10 226 226 CD 34457 2927 11 } } -RRB- 34457 2927 12 composition composition NN 34457 2927 13 of of IN 34457 2927 14 the the DT 34457 2927 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2927 16 phase phase NN 34457 2927 17 changes change NNS 34457 2927 18 in in IN 34457 2927 19 the the DT 34457 2927 20 direction direction NN 34457 2927 21 of of IN 34457 2927 22 _ _ NNP 34457 2927 23 y_C y_C NNP 34457 2927 24 , , , 34457 2927 25 while while IN 34457 2927 26 the the DT 34457 2927 27 composition composition NN 34457 2927 28 of of IN 34457 2927 29 the the DT 34457 2927 30 solid solid JJ 34457 2927 31 which which WDT 34457 2927 32 separates separate VBZ 34457 2927 33 out out RP 34457 2927 34 changes change NNS 34457 2927 35 in in IN 34457 2927 36 the the DT 34457 2927 37 direction direction NN 34457 2927 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2927 39 y'_D y'_d ADD 34457 2927 40 ; ; : 34457 2927 41 and and CC 34457 2927 42 , , , 34457 2927 43 finally finally RB 34457 2927 44 , , , 34457 2927 45 when when WRB 34457 2927 46 the the DT 34457 2927 47 composition composition NN 34457 2927 48 of of IN 34457 2927 49 the the DT 34457 2927 50 molten molten JJ 34457 2927 51 mass mass NN 34457 2927 52 is be VBZ 34457 2927 53 that that DT 34457 2927 54 of of IN 34457 2927 55 the the DT 34457 2927 56 point point NN 34457 2927 57 C C NNP 34457 2927 58 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2927 59 4.3 4.3 CD 34457 2927 60 per per IN 34457 2927 61 cent cent NN 34457 2927 62 . . . 34457 2928 1 of of IN 34457 2928 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2928 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2928 4 , , , 34457 2928 5 the the DT 34457 2928 6 whole whole JJ 34457 2928 7 mass mass NN 34457 2928 8 solidifies solidify VBZ 34457 2928 9 to to IN 34457 2928 10 a a DT 34457 2928 11 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2928 12 mixture mixture NN 34457 2928 13 of of IN 34457 2928 14 two two CD 34457 2928 15 solid solid JJ 34457 2928 16 solutions solution NNS 34457 2928 17 , , , 34457 2928 18 one one CD 34457 2928 19 of of IN 34457 2928 20 which which WDT 34457 2928 21 is be VBZ 34457 2928 22 represented represent VBN 34457 2928 23 by by IN 34457 2928 24 D d NN 34457 2928 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2928 26 containing contain VBG 34457 2928 27 2 2 CD 34457 2928 28 per per NN 34457 2928 29 cent cent NN 34457 2928 30 . . . 34457 2929 1 of of IN 34457 2929 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2929 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2929 4 , , , 34457 2929 5 while while IN 34457 2929 6 the the DT 34457 2929 7 other other JJ 34457 2929 8 will will MD 34457 2929 9 consist consist VB 34457 2929 10 practically practically RB 34457 2929 11 of of IN 34457 2929 12 pure pure JJ 34457 2929 13 graphite graphite NN 34457 2929 14 , , , 34457 2929 15 and and CC 34457 2929 16 is be VBZ 34457 2929 17 not not RB 34457 2929 18 shown show VBN 34457 2929 19 in in IN 34457 2929 20 the the DT 34457 2929 21 figure figure NN 34457 2929 22 . . . 34457 2930 1 The the DT 34457 2930 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 2930 3 of of IN 34457 2930 4 the the DT 34457 2930 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2930 6 point point NN 34457 2930 7 is be VBZ 34457 2930 8 1130 1130â CD 34457 2930 9 ° ° NNS 34457 2930 10 . . . 34457 2931 1 Even even RB 34457 2931 2 below below IN 34457 2931 3 the the DT 34457 2931 4 solidification solidification NN 34457 2931 5 point point NN 34457 2931 6 , , , 34457 2931 7 however however RB 34457 2931 8 , , , 34457 2931 9 changes change NNS 34457 2931 10 can can MD 34457 2931 11 take take VB 34457 2931 12 place place NN 34457 2931 13 . . . 34457 2932 1 As as IN 34457 2932 2 has have VBZ 34457 2932 3 been be VBN 34457 2932 4 said say VBN 34457 2932 5 , , , 34457 2932 6 the the DT 34457 2932 7 solid solid JJ 34457 2932 8 phase phase NN 34457 2932 9 which which WDT 34457 2932 10 finally finally RB 34457 2932 11 separates separate VBZ 34457 2932 12 out out RP 34457 2932 13 from from IN 34457 2932 14 the the DT 34457 2932 15 molten molten JJ 34457 2932 16 mass mass NN 34457 2932 17 is be VBZ 34457 2932 18 a a DT 34457 2932 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2932 20 solution solution NN 34457 2932 21 represented represent VBN 34457 2932 22 by by IN 34457 2932 23 the the DT 34457 2932 24 point point NN 34457 2932 25 D d NN 34457 2932 26 ; ; : 34457 2932 27 and and CC 34457 2932 28 the the DT 34457 2932 29 curve curve NN 34457 2932 30 DE DE NNP 34457 2932 31 represents represent VBZ 34457 2932 32 the the DT 34457 2932 33 change change NN 34457 2932 34 in in IN 34457 2932 35 the the DT 34457 2932 36 composition composition NN 34457 2932 37 of of IN 34457 2932 38 this this DT 34457 2932 39 solid solid JJ 34457 2932 40 solution solution NN 34457 2932 41 with with IN 34457 2932 42 the the DT 34457 2932 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 2932 44 . . . 34457 2933 1 As as IN 34457 2933 2 indicated indicate VBN 34457 2933 3 in in IN 34457 2933 4 the the DT 34457 2933 5 figure figure NN 34457 2933 6 , , , 34457 2933 7 DE DE NNP 34457 2933 8 forms form VBZ 34457 2933 9 a a DT 34457 2933 10 part part NN 34457 2933 11 of of IN 34457 2933 12 a a DT 34457 2933 13 curve curve NN 34457 2933 14 representing represent VBG 34457 2933 15 the the DT 34457 2933 16 mutual mutual JJ 34457 2933 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 2933 18 of of IN 34457 2933 19 graphite graphite NN 34457 2933 20 in in IN 34457 2933 21 iron iron NN 34457 2933 22 and and CC 34457 2933 23 iron iron NN 34457 2933 24 in in IN 34457 2933 25 graphite graphite NN 34457 2933 26 ; ; : 34457 2933 27 the the DT 34457 2933 28 latter latter JJ 34457 2933 29 solutions solution NNS 34457 2933 30 , , , 34457 2933 31 however however RB 34457 2933 32 , , , 34457 2933 33 not not RB 34457 2933 34 being be VBG 34457 2933 35 shown show VBN 34457 2933 36 , , , 34457 2933 37 as as IN 34457 2933 38 they -PRON- PRP 34457 2933 39 would would MD 34457 2933 40 lie lie VB 34457 2933 41 far far RB 34457 2933 42 outside outside IN 34457 2933 43 the the DT 34457 2933 44 diagram diagram NN 34457 2933 45 . . . 34457 2934 1 As as IN 34457 2934 2 the the DT 34457 2934 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2934 4 falls fall VBZ 34457 2934 5 below below IN 34457 2934 6 1130 1130â CD 34457 2934 7 ° ° NNS 34457 2934 8 , , , 34457 2934 9 more more JJR 34457 2934 10 and and CC 34457 2934 11 more more JJR 34457 2934 12 graphite graphite NN 34457 2934 13 separates separate NNS 34457 2934 14 out out RP 34457 2934 15 , , , 34457 2934 16 until until IN 34457 2934 17 at at IN 34457 2934 18 E e NN 34457 2934 19 , , , 34457 2934 20 when when WRB 34457 2934 21 the the DT 34457 2934 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 2934 23 is be VBZ 34457 2934 24 1000 1000â CD 34457 2934 25 ° ° NNS 34457 2934 26 , , , 34457 2934 27 the the DT 34457 2934 28 solid solid JJ 34457 2934 29 solution solution NN 34457 2934 30 contains contain VBZ 34457 2934 31 only only RB 34457 2934 32 1.8 1.8 CD 34457 2934 33 per per NN 34457 2934 34 cent cent NN 34457 2934 35 . . . 34457 2935 1 of of IN 34457 2935 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2935 3 . . . 34457 2936 1 At at IN 34457 2936 2 this this DT 34457 2936 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2936 4 cementite cementite NN 34457 2936 5 also also RB 34457 2936 6 begins begin VBZ 34457 2936 7 to to TO 34457 2936 8 be be VB 34457 2936 9 formed form VBN 34457 2936 10 , , , 34457 2936 11 so so IN 34457 2936 12 that that IN 34457 2936 13 as as IN 34457 2936 14 the the DT 34457 2936 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 2936 16 continues continue VBZ 34457 2936 17 to to TO 34457 2936 18 fall fall VB 34457 2936 19 , , , 34457 2936 20 separation separation NN 34457 2936 21 of of IN 34457 2936 22 cementite cementite NN 34457 2936 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2936 24 represented represent VBN 34457 2936 25 by by IN 34457 2936 26 the the DT 34457 2936 27 line line NN 34457 2936 28 E'F E'F NNP 34457 2936 29 ' ' '' 34457 2936 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2936 31 occurs occur VBZ 34457 2936 32 , , , 34457 2936 33 and and CC 34457 2936 34 the the DT 34457 2936 35 composition composition NN 34457 2936 36 of of IN 34457 2936 37 the the DT 34457 2936 38 solid solid JJ 34457 2936 39 solution solution NN 34457 2936 40 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 2936 41 alteration alteration NN 34457 2936 42 , , , 34457 2936 43 as as IN 34457 2936 44 represented represent VBN 34457 2936 45 by by IN 34457 2936 46 the the DT 34457 2936 47 curve curve NN 34457 2936 48 EF EF NNP 34457 2936 49 . . . 34457 2937 1 Below below IN 34457 2937 2 the the DT 34457 2937 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 2937 4 of of IN 34457 2937 5 the the DT 34457 2937 6 point point NN 34457 2937 7 F F NNP 34457 2937 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2937 9 670 670â CD 34457 2937 10 ° ° NNS 34457 2937 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2937 12 the the DT 34457 2937 13 martensite martensite NN 34457 2937 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 2937 15 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2937 16 , , , 34457 2937 17 and and CC 34457 2937 18 forms form NNS 34457 2937 19 pearlite pearlite VBP 34457 2937 20 . . . 34457 2938 1 From from IN 34457 2938 2 the the DT 34457 2938 3 above above JJ 34457 2938 4 description description NN 34457 2938 5 , , , 34457 2938 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2938 7 , , , 34457 2938 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2938 9 follows follow VBZ 34457 2938 10 that that IN 34457 2938 11 if if IN 34457 2938 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2938 13 start start VBP 34457 2938 14 with with IN 34457 2938 15 a a DT 34457 2938 16 molten molten JJ 34457 2938 17 mixture mixture NN 34457 2938 18 of of IN 34457 2938 19 iron iron NN 34457 2938 20 and and CC 34457 2938 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 2938 22 , , , 34457 2938 23 the the DT 34457 2938 24 composition composition NN 34457 2938 25 of of IN 34457 2938 26 which which WDT 34457 2938 27 is be VBZ 34457 2938 28 represented represent VBN 34457 2938 29 by by IN 34457 2938 30 any any DT 34457 2938 31 point point NN 34457 2938 32 between between IN 34457 2938 33 D d NN 34457 2938 34 and and CC 34457 2938 35 C C NNP 34457 2938 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2938 37 from from IN 34457 2938 38 2 2 CD 34457 2938 39 to to IN 34457 2938 40 4.3 4.3 CD 34457 2938 41 per per IN 34457 2938 42 cent cent NN 34457 2938 43 . . . 34457 2939 1 of of IN 34457 2939 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2939 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2939 4 , , , 34457 2939 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2939 6 shall shall MD 34457 2939 7 obtain obtain VB 34457 2939 8 , , , 34457 2939 9 on on IN 34457 2939 10 cooling cool VBG 34457 2939 11 the the DT 34457 2939 12 mass mass NN 34457 2939 13 , , , 34457 2939 14 first first RB 34457 2939 15 of of IN 34457 2939 16 all all DT 34457 2939 17 solid solid JJ 34457 2939 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 2939 19 , , , 34457 2939 20 the the DT 34457 2939 21 composition composition NN 34457 2939 22 of of IN 34457 2939 23 which which WDT 34457 2939 24 will will MD 34457 2939 25 be be VB 34457 2939 26 represented represent VBN 34457 2939 27 by by IN 34457 2939 28 points point NNS 34457 2939 29 on on IN 34457 2939 30 the the DT 34457 2939 31 line line NN 34457 2939 32 AD ad NN 34457 2939 33 ; ; : 34457 2939 34 that that IN 34457 2939 35 then then RB 34457 2939 36 , , , 34457 2939 37 after after IN 34457 2939 38 the the DT 34457 2939 39 mass mass NN 34457 2939 40 has have VBZ 34457 2939 41 completely completely RB 34457 2939 42 solidified solidify VBN 34457 2939 43 at at IN 34457 2939 44 1130 1130â CD 34457 2939 45 ° ° NNS 34457 2939 46 , , , 34457 2939 47 further further RB 34457 2939 48 cooling cooling NN 34457 2939 49 will will MD 34457 2939 50 lead lead VB 34457 2939 51 to to IN 34457 2939 52 a a DT 34457 2939 53 separation separation NN 34457 2939 54 of of IN 34457 2939 55 graphite graphite NN 34457 2939 56 and and CC 34457 2939 57 a a DT 34457 2939 58 change change NN 34457 2939 59 in in IN 34457 2939 60 the the DT 34457 2939 61 composition composition NN 34457 2939 62 of of IN 34457 2939 63 the the DT 34457 2939 64 martensite martensite NN 34457 2939 65 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2939 66 from from IN 34457 2939 67 2 2 CD 34457 2939 68 to to IN 34457 2939 69 1.8 1.8 CD 34457 2939 70 per per NN 34457 2939 71 cent cent NN 34457 2939 72 . . . 34457 2940 1 of of IN 34457 2940 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2940 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2940 4 . . . 34457 2941 1 On on IN 34457 2941 2 cooling cool VBG 34457 2941 3 below below IN 34457 2941 4 1000 1000â CD 34457 2941 5 ° ° NNS 34457 2941 6 , , , 34457 2941 7 however however RB 34457 2941 8 , , , 34457 2941 9 the the DT 34457 2941 10 martensite martensite NN 34457 2941 11 and and CC 34457 2941 12 graphite graphite NN 34457 2941 13 will will MD 34457 2941 14 give give VB 34457 2941 15 rise rise NN 34457 2941 16 to to IN 34457 2941 17 cementite cementite VB 34457 2941 18 and and CC 34457 2941 19 solid solid JJ 34457 2941 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 2941 21 { { -LRB- 34457 2941 22 227 227 CD 34457 2941 23 } } -RRB- 34457 2941 24 containing contain VBG 34457 2941 25 less less JJR 34457 2941 26 carbon carbon NN 34457 2941 27 than than IN 34457 2941 28 before before RB 34457 2941 29 , , , 34457 2941 30 until until IN 34457 2941 31 , , , 34457 2941 32 at at IN 34457 2941 33 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2941 34 below below IN 34457 2941 35 670 670â CD 34457 2941 36 ° ° NNS 34457 2941 37 , , , 34457 2941 38 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2941 39 are be VBP 34457 2941 40 left leave VBN 34457 2941 41 with with IN 34457 2941 42 a a DT 34457 2941 43 mixture mixture NN 34457 2941 44 of of IN 34457 2941 45 pearlite pearlite NN 34457 2941 46 and and CC 34457 2941 47 cementite cementite NN 34457 2941 48 . . . 34457 2942 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2942 2 have have VBP 34457 2942 3 already already RB 34457 2942 4 said say VBN 34457 2942 5 that that IN 34457 2942 6 iron iron NN 34457 2942 7 consists consist VBZ 34457 2942 8 in in IN 34457 2942 9 three three CD 34457 2942 10 allotropic allotropic JJ 34457 2942 11 modifications modification NNS 34457 2942 12 , , , 34457 2942 13 the the DT 34457 2942 14 regions region NNS 34457 2942 15 of of IN 34457 2942 16 stability stability NN 34457 2942 17 of of IN 34457 2942 18 which which WDT 34457 2942 19 are be VBP 34457 2942 20 separated separate VBN 34457 2942 21 by by IN 34457 2942 22 definite definite JJ 34457 2942 23 transition transition NN 34457 2942 24 points point NNS 34457 2942 25 . . . 34457 2943 1 The the DT 34457 2943 2 transition transition NN 34457 2943 3 point point NN 34457 2943 4 for for IN 34457 2943 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2943 6 alpha]- alpha]- JJ 34457 2943 7 and and CC 34457 2943 8 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2943 9 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite JJ 34457 2943 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2943 11 780 780â CD 34457 2943 12 ° ° NNS 34457 2943 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2943 14 is be VBZ 34457 2943 15 represented represent VBN 34457 2943 16 in in IN 34457 2943 17 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2943 18 . . . 34457 2944 1 75 75 CD 34457 2944 2 by by IN 34457 2944 3 the the DT 34457 2944 4 point point NN 34457 2944 5 H h NN 34457 2944 6 ; ; : 34457 2944 7 and and CC 34457 2944 8 the the DT 34457 2944 9 transition transition NN 34457 2944 10 point point NN 34457 2944 11 for for IN 34457 2944 12 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2944 13 beta]- beta]- NN 34457 2944 14 and and CC 34457 2944 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2944 16 gamma]-ferrite gamma]-ferrite JJ 34457 2944 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2944 18 870 870â CD 34457 2944 19 ° ° NNS 34457 2944 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2944 21 by by IN 34457 2944 22 the the DT 34457 2944 23 point point NN 34457 2944 24 I. i. NN 34457 2945 1 Since since IN 34457 2945 2 neither neither CC 34457 2945 3 the the DT 34457 2945 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2945 5 alpha]- alpha]- NN 34457 2945 6 nor nor CC 34457 2945 7 the the DT 34457 2945 8 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2945 9 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite JJ 34457 2945 10 dissolves dissolve NNS 34457 2945 11 carbon carbon NN 34457 2945 12 , , , 34457 2945 13 the the DT 34457 2945 14 transition transition NN 34457 2945 15 point point NN 34457 2945 16 will will MD 34457 2945 17 be be VB 34457 2945 18 unaffected unaffected JJ 34457 2945 19 by by IN 34457 2945 20 addition addition NN 34457 2945 21 of of IN 34457 2945 22 carbon carbon NN 34457 2945 23 , , , 34457 2945 24 and and CC 34457 2945 25 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2945 26 therefore therefore RB 34457 2945 27 obtain obtain VBP 34457 2945 28 the the DT 34457 2945 29 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 2945 30 transition transition NN 34457 2945 31 curve curve NN 34457 2945 32 HG HG NNP 34457 2945 33 . . . 34457 2946 1 In in IN 34457 2946 2 the the DT 34457 2946 3 case case NN 34457 2946 4 of of IN 34457 2946 5 the the DT 34457 2946 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2946 7 beta]- beta]- NN 34457 2946 8 and and CC 34457 2946 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2946 10 gamma]-ferrite gamma]-ferrite JJ 34457 2946 11 , , , 34457 2946 12 however however RB 34457 2946 13 , , , 34457 2946 14 the the DT 34457 2946 15 latter latter JJ 34457 2946 16 dissolves dissolve NNS 34457 2946 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 2946 18 , , , 34457 2946 19 and and CC 34457 2946 20 the the DT 34457 2946 21 transition transition NN 34457 2946 22 point point NN 34457 2946 23 is be VBZ 34457 2946 24 consequently consequently RB 34457 2946 25 affected affect VBN 34457 2946 26 by by IN 34457 2946 27 the the DT 34457 2946 28 amount amount NN 34457 2946 29 of of IN 34457 2946 30 carbon carbon NN 34457 2946 31 present present JJ 34457 2946 32 . . . 34457 2947 1 This this DT 34457 2947 2 is be VBZ 34457 2947 3 shown show VBN 34457 2947 4 by by IN 34457 2947 5 the the DT 34457 2947 6 line line NN 34457 2947 7 IG IG NNP 34457 2947 8 . . . 34457 2948 1 If if IN 34457 2948 2 a a DT 34457 2948 3 martensite martensite NN 34457 2948 4 containing contain VBG 34457 2948 5 less less JJR 34457 2948 6 carbon carbon NN 34457 2948 7 than than IN 34457 2948 8 that that DT 34457 2948 9 represented represent VBN 34457 2948 10 by by IN 34457 2948 11 the the DT 34457 2948 12 point point NN 34457 2948 13 G g NN 34457 2948 14 is be VBZ 34457 2948 15 cooled cool VBN 34457 2948 16 down down RP 34457 2948 17 from from IN 34457 2948 18 a a DT 34457 2948 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 2948 20 of of IN 34457 2948 21 , , , 34457 2948 22 say say UH 34457 2948 23 , , , 34457 2948 24 900 900â CD 34457 2948 25 ° ° NNS 34457 2948 26 , , , 34457 2948 27 then then RB 34457 2948 28 when when WRB 34457 2948 29 the the DT 34457 2948 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 2948 31 has have VBZ 34457 2948 32 fallen fall VBN 34457 2948 33 to to IN 34457 2948 34 that that DT 34457 2948 35 , , , 34457 2948 36 represented represent VBN 34457 2948 37 by by IN 34457 2948 38 a a DT 34457 2948 39 point point NN 34457 2948 40 on on IN 34457 2948 41 the the DT 34457 2948 42 curve curve NN 34457 2948 43 IG IG NNP 34457 2948 44 , , , 34457 2948 45 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2948 46 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite NFP 34457 2948 47 will will MD 34457 2948 48 separate separate VB 34457 2948 49 out out RP 34457 2948 50 , , , 34457 2948 51 and and CC 34457 2948 52 , , , 34457 2948 53 as as IN 34457 2948 54 the the DT 34457 2948 55 temperature temperature NN 34457 2948 56 falls fall VBZ 34457 2948 57 , , , 34457 2948 58 the the DT 34457 2948 59 composition composition NN 34457 2948 60 of of IN 34457 2948 61 the the DT 34457 2948 62 solid solid JJ 34457 2948 63 solution solution NN 34457 2948 64 will will MD 34457 2948 65 alter alter VB 34457 2948 66 as as IN 34457 2948 67 represented represent VBN 34457 2948 68 by by IN 34457 2948 69 IG IG NNP 34457 2948 70 . . . 34457 2949 1 On on IN 34457 2949 2 passing pass VBG 34457 2949 3 below below IN 34457 2949 4 the the DT 34457 2949 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 2949 6 of of IN 34457 2949 7 HG HG NNP 34457 2949 8 , , , 34457 2949 9 the the DT 34457 2949 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2949 11 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite NN 34457 2949 12 will will MD 34457 2949 13 be be VB 34457 2949 14 converted convert VBN 34457 2949 15 into into IN 34457 2949 16 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2949 17 alpha]-ferrite alpha]-ferrite NNS 34457 2949 18 , , , 34457 2949 19 and and CC 34457 2949 20 , , , 34457 2949 21 as as IN 34457 2949 22 the the DT 34457 2949 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 2949 24 falls fall VBZ 34457 2949 25 , , , 34457 2949 26 the the DT 34457 2949 27 latter latter JJ 34457 2949 28 will will MD 34457 2949 29 separate separate VB 34457 2949 30 out out RP 34457 2949 31 more more RBR 34457 2949 32 and and CC 34457 2949 33 more more RBR 34457 2949 34 , , , 34457 2949 35 while while IN 34457 2949 36 the the DT 34457 2949 37 composition composition NN 34457 2949 38 of of IN 34457 2949 39 the the DT 34457 2949 40 solid solid JJ 34457 2949 41 solution solution NN 34457 2949 42 alters alter NNS 34457 2949 43 in in IN 34457 2949 44 the the DT 34457 2949 45 direction direction NN 34457 2949 46 GF GF NNP 34457 2949 47 . . . 34457 2950 1 On on IN 34457 2950 2 passing pass VBG 34457 2950 3 to to TO 34457 2950 4 still still RB 34457 2950 5 lower low JJR 34457 2950 6 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2950 7 , , , 34457 2950 8 the the DT 34457 2950 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2950 10 solution solution NN 34457 2950 11 at at IN 34457 2950 12 F f NN 34457 2950 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2950 14 0.8 0.8 CD 34457 2950 15 per per NN 34457 2950 16 cent cent NN 34457 2950 17 . . . 34457 2951 1 of of IN 34457 2951 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2951 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2951 4 breaks break VBZ 34457 2951 5 up up RP 34457 2951 6 into into IN 34457 2951 7 pearlite pearlite NN 34457 2951 8 . . . 34457 2952 1 If if IN 34457 2952 2 the the DT 34457 2952 3 percentage percentage NN 34457 2952 4 of of IN 34457 2952 5 carbon carbon NN 34457 2952 6 in in IN 34457 2952 7 the the DT 34457 2952 8 original original JJ 34457 2952 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2952 10 solution solution NN 34457 2952 11 was be VBD 34457 2952 12 between between IN 34457 2952 13 that that DT 34457 2952 14 represented represent VBN 34457 2952 15 by by IN 34457 2952 16 the the DT 34457 2952 17 points point NNS 34457 2952 18 G G NNP 34457 2952 19 and and CC 34457 2952 20 F F NNP 34457 2952 21 , , , 34457 2952 22 then then RB 34457 2952 23 , , , 34457 2952 24 on on IN 34457 2952 25 cooling cool VBG 34457 2952 26 down down RP 34457 2952 27 , , , 34457 2952 28 no no DT 34457 2952 29 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2952 30 beta]-ferrite beta]-ferrite NN 34457 2952 31 , , , 34457 2952 32 but but CC 34457 2952 33 only only RB 34457 2952 34 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2952 35 alpha]-ferrite alpha]-ferrite NNS 34457 2952 36 would would MD 34457 2952 37 separate separate VB 34457 2952 38 out out RP 34457 2952 39 . . . 34457 2953 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2953 2 see see VBP 34457 2953 3 , , , 34457 2953 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 2953 5 , , , 34457 2953 6 that that IN 34457 2953 7 when when WRB 34457 2953 8 martensite martensite NNP 34457 2953 9 is be VBZ 34457 2953 10 allowed allow VBN 34457 2953 11 to to TO 34457 2953 12 cool cool VB 34457 2953 13 _ _ NNP 34457 2953 14 slowly slowly RB 34457 2953 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2953 16 , , , 34457 2953 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2953 18 yields yield VBZ 34457 2953 19 a a DT 34457 2953 20 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2953 21 mixture mixture NN 34457 2953 22 either either CC 34457 2953 23 of of IN 34457 2953 24 ferrite ferrite NN 34457 2953 25 and and CC 34457 2953 26 pearlite pearlite NN 34457 2953 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2953 28 when when WRB 34457 2953 29 the the DT 34457 2953 30 original original JJ 34457 2953 31 mixture mixture NN 34457 2953 32 contained contain VBD 34457 2953 33 up up IN 34457 2953 34 to to TO 34457 2953 35 0.8 0.8 CD 34457 2953 36 per per NN 34457 2953 37 cent cent NN 34457 2953 38 . . . 34457 2954 1 of of IN 34457 2954 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2954 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2954 4 , , , 34457 2954 5 or or CC 34457 2954 6 pearlite pearlite NN 34457 2954 7 and and CC 34457 2954 8 cementite cementite VB 34457 2954 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2954 10 when when WRB 34457 2954 11 the the DT 34457 2954 12 original original JJ 34457 2954 13 mixture mixture NN 34457 2954 14 contained contain VBN 34457 2954 15 between between IN 34457 2954 16 0.8 0.8 CD 34457 2954 17 and and CC 34457 2954 18 2 2 CD 34457 2954 19 per per NN 34457 2954 20 cent cent NN 34457 2954 21 . . . 34457 2955 1 of of IN 34457 2955 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 2955 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2955 4 . . . 34457 2956 1 These these DT 34457 2956 2 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 2956 3 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 2956 4 constitute constitute VBP 34457 2956 5 soft soft JJ 34457 2956 6 steels steel NNS 34457 2956 7 , , , 34457 2956 8 or or CC 34457 2956 9 , , , 34457 2956 10 when when WRB 34457 2956 11 the the DT 34457 2956 12 carbon carbon NN 34457 2956 13 content content NN 34457 2956 14 is be VBZ 34457 2956 15 low low JJ 34457 2956 16 , , , 34457 2956 17 wrought wrought JJ 34457 2956 18 iron iron NN 34457 2956 19 . . . 34457 2957 1 The the DT 34457 2957 2 case case NN 34457 2957 3 , , , 34457 2957 4 however however RB 34457 2957 5 , , , 34457 2957 6 is be VBZ 34457 2957 7 different different JJ 34457 2957 8 if if IN 34457 2957 9 the the DT 34457 2957 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2957 11 solution solution NN 34457 2957 12 of of IN 34457 2957 13 carbon carbon NN 34457 2957 14 in in IN 34457 2957 15 iron iron NN 34457 2957 16 is be VBZ 34457 2957 17 _ _ NNP 34457 2957 18 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2957 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2957 20 cooled cool VBD 34457 2957 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2957 22 quenched quench VBN 34457 2957 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2957 24 from from IN 34457 2957 25 a a DT 34457 2957 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 2957 27 above above IN 34457 2957 28 the the DT 34457 2957 29 curve curve NN 34457 2957 30 IGFE igfe NN 34457 2957 31 to to IN 34457 2957 32 a a DT 34457 2957 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 2957 34 below below IN 34457 2957 35 this this DT 34457 2957 36 { { -LRB- 34457 2957 37 228 228 CD 34457 2957 38 } } -RRB- 34457 2957 39 curve curve NN 34457 2957 40 . . . 34457 2958 1 In in IN 34457 2958 2 this this DT 34457 2958 3 case case NN 34457 2958 4 , , , 34457 2958 5 the the DT 34457 2958 6 rapid rapid JJ 34457 2958 7 cooling cooling NN 34457 2958 8 does do VBZ 34457 2958 9 not not RB 34457 2958 10 allow allow VB 34457 2958 11 time time NN 34457 2958 12 for for IN 34457 2958 13 the the DT 34457 2958 14 various various JJ 34457 2958 15 changes change NNS 34457 2958 16 which which WDT 34457 2958 17 have have VBP 34457 2958 18 been be VBN 34457 2958 19 described describe VBN 34457 2958 20 to to TO 34457 2958 21 take take VB 34457 2958 22 place place NN 34457 2958 23 ; ; : 34457 2958 24 so so IN 34457 2958 25 that that IN 34457 2958 26 the the DT 34457 2958 27 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2958 28 solid solid JJ 34457 2958 29 solution solution NN 34457 2958 30 , , , 34457 2958 31 on on IN 34457 2958 32 being be VBG 34457 2958 33 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 2958 34 cooled cool VBN 34457 2958 35 , , , 34457 2958 36 remains remain VBZ 34457 2958 37 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 2958 38 . . . 34457 2959 1 In in IN 34457 2959 2 this this DT 34457 2959 3 way way NN 34457 2959 4 hard hard JJ 34457 2959 5 steel steel NN 34457 2959 6 is be VBZ 34457 2959 7 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2959 8 . . . 34457 2960 1 By by IN 34457 2960 2 varying vary VBG 34457 2960 3 the the DT 34457 2960 4 rapidity rapidity NN 34457 2960 5 of of IN 34457 2960 6 cooling cooling NN 34457 2960 7 , , , 34457 2960 8 as as IN 34457 2960 9 is be VBZ 34457 2960 10 done do VBN 34457 2960 11 in in IN 34457 2960 12 the the DT 34457 2960 13 tempering tempering NN 34457 2960 14 of of IN 34457 2960 15 steel steel NN 34457 2960 16 , , , 34457 2960 17 varying vary VBG 34457 2960 18 degrees degree NNS 34457 2960 19 of of IN 34457 2960 20 hardness hardness NN 34457 2960 21 can can MD 34457 2960 22 be be VB 34457 2960 23 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2960 24 . . . 34457 2961 1 The the DT 34457 2961 2 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2961 3 of of IN 34457 2961 4 the the DT 34457 2961 5 curves curve NNS 34457 2961 6 given give VBN 34457 2961 7 above above RB 34457 2961 8 is be VBZ 34457 2961 9 that that DT 34457 2961 10 due due JJ 34457 2961 11 essentially essentially RB 34457 2961 12 to to IN 34457 2961 13 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 2961 14 , , , 34457 2961 15 who who WP 34457 2961 16 concluded conclude VBD 34457 2961 17 from from IN 34457 2961 18 the the DT 34457 2961 19 experimental experimental JJ 34457 2961 20 data datum NNS 34457 2961 21 that that WDT 34457 2961 22 at at IN 34457 2961 23 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 2961 24 below below IN 34457 2961 25 1000 1000â CD 34457 2961 26 ° ° , 34457 2961 27 the the DT 34457 2961 28 stable stable JJ 34457 2961 29 systems system NNS 34457 2961 30 are be VBP 34457 2961 31 martensite martensite JJ 34457 2961 32 and and CC 34457 2961 33 cementite cementite JJ 34457 2961 34 , , , 34457 2961 35 or or CC 34457 2961 36 ferrite ferrite NNP 34457 2961 37 and and CC 34457 2961 38 cementite cementite NN 34457 2961 39 , , , 34457 2961 40 graphite graphite NN 34457 2961 41 being be VBG 34457 2961 42 labile labile JJ 34457 2961 43 . . . 34457 2962 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 2962 2 has have VBZ 34457 2962 3 , , , 34457 2962 4 however however RB 34457 2962 5 , , , 34457 2962 6 been be VBN 34457 2962 7 pointed point VBN 34457 2962 8 out out RP 34457 2962 9 , , , 34457 2962 10 more more RBR 34457 2962 11 especially especially RB 34457 2962 12 by by IN 34457 2962 13 E. E. NNP 34457 2962 14 Heyn,[311 Heyn,[311 NNP 34457 2962 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2962 16 that that IN 34457 2962 17 this this DT 34457 2962 18 is be VBZ 34457 2962 19 not not RB 34457 2962 20 in in IN 34457 2962 21 harmony harmony NN 34457 2962 22 with with IN 34457 2962 23 the the DT 34457 2962 24 facts fact NNS 34457 2962 25 of of IN 34457 2962 26 metallurgy metallurgy NN 34457 2962 27 , , , 34457 2962 28 which which WDT 34457 2962 29 show show VBP 34457 2962 30 that that IN 34457 2962 31 graphite graphite NN 34457 2962 32 is be VBZ 34457 2962 33 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 34457 2962 34 formed form VBN 34457 2962 35 on on IN 34457 2962 36 slow slow JJ 34457 2962 37 cooling cooling NN 34457 2962 38 , , , 34457 2962 39 and and CC 34457 2962 40 more more RBR 34457 2962 41 especially especially RB 34457 2962 42 when when WRB 34457 2962 43 small small JJ 34457 2962 44 quantities quantity NNS 34457 2962 45 of of IN 34457 2962 46 silicon silicon NN 34457 2962 47 are be VBP 34457 2962 48 present present JJ 34457 2962 49 in in IN 34457 2962 50 the the DT 34457 2962 51 iron iron NN 34457 2962 52 . . . 34457 2963 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2963 2 312 312 CD 34457 2963 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2963 4 While while IN 34457 2963 5 , , , 34457 2963 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2963 7 , , , 34457 2963 8 the the DT 34457 2963 9 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2963 10 represented represent VBN 34457 2963 11 by by IN 34457 2963 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2963 13 . . . 34457 2964 1 75 75 CD 34457 2964 2 are be VBP 34457 2964 3 obtained obtain VBN 34457 2964 4 under under IN 34457 2964 5 certain certain JJ 34457 2964 6 conditions condition NNS 34457 2964 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2964 8 especially especially RB 34457 2964 9 when when WRB 34457 2964 10 manganese manganese NNP 34457 2964 11 is be VBZ 34457 2964 12 present present JJ 34457 2964 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2964 14 , , , 34457 2964 15 Heyn Heyn NNP 34457 2964 16 considers consider VBZ 34457 2964 17 that that IN 34457 2964 18 all all PDT 34457 2964 19 the the DT 34457 2964 20 curves curve NNS 34457 2964 21 in in IN 34457 2964 22 that that DT 34457 2964 23 figure figure NN 34457 2964 24 , , , 34457 2964 25 except except IN 34457 2964 26 ACB ACB NNP 34457 2964 27 , , , 34457 2964 28 represent represent NN 34457 2964 29 _ _ NNP 34457 2964 30 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2964 31 _ _ NNP 34457 2964 32 systems system NNS 34457 2964 33 -- -- : 34457 2964 34 systems system NNS 34457 2964 35 , , , 34457 2964 36 therefore therefore RB 34457 2964 37 , , , 34457 2964 38 akin akin JJ 34457 2964 39 to to IN 34457 2964 40 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 2964 41 liquids liquid NNS 34457 2964 42 . . . 34457 2965 1 Rapid rapid JJ 34457 2965 2 cooling cooling NN 34457 2965 3 will will MD 34457 2965 4 favour favour VB 34457 2965 5 the the DT 34457 2965 6 production production NN 34457 2965 7 of of IN 34457 2965 8 the the DT 34457 2965 9 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2965 10 systems system NNS 34457 2965 11 containing contain VBG 34457 2965 12 cementite cementite NN 34457 2965 13 , , , 34457 2965 14 and and CC 34457 2965 15 therefore therefore RB 34457 2965 16 give give VB 34457 2965 17 rise rise NN 34457 2965 18 to to IN 34457 2965 19 relationships relationship NNS 34457 2965 20 represented represent VBN 34457 2965 21 by by IN 34457 2965 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2965 23 . . . 34457 2966 1 75 75 CD 34457 2966 2 ; ; : 34457 2966 3 whereas whereas IN 34457 2966 4 slow slow JJ 34457 2966 5 cooling cooling NN 34457 2966 6 will will MD 34457 2966 7 lead lead VB 34457 2966 8 to to IN 34457 2966 9 the the DT 34457 2966 10 stable stable JJ 34457 2966 11 system system NN 34457 2966 12 ferrite ferrite NN 34457 2966 13 and and CC 34457 2966 14 graphite graphite NN 34457 2966 15 . . . 34457 2967 1 Presence presence NN 34457 2967 2 of of IN 34457 2967 3 silicon silicon NN 34457 2967 4 tends tend VBZ 34457 2967 5 to to TO 34457 2967 6 prevent prevent VB 34457 2967 7 , , , 34457 2967 8 presence presence NN 34457 2967 9 of of IN 34457 2967 10 manganese manganese JJ 34457 2967 11 tends tend VBZ 34457 2967 12 to to TO 34457 2967 13 assist assist VB 34457 2967 14 , , , 34457 2967 15 the the DT 34457 2967 16 production production NN 34457 2967 17 of of IN 34457 2967 18 the the DT 34457 2967 19 metastable metastable JJ 34457 2967 20 systems system NNS 34457 2967 21 . . . 34457 2968 1 Although although IN 34457 2968 2 this this DT 34457 2968 3 view view NN 34457 2968 4 put put VBN 34457 2968 5 forward forward RP 34457 2968 6 by by IN 34457 2968 7 Heyn Heyn NNP 34457 2968 8 has have VBZ 34457 2968 9 not not RB 34457 2968 10 been be VBN 34457 2968 11 conclusively conclusively RB 34457 2968 12 proved prove VBN 34457 2968 13 , , , 34457 2968 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2968 15 must must MD 34457 2968 16 be be VB 34457 2968 17 said say VBN 34457 2968 18 that that IN 34457 2968 19 there there EX 34457 2968 20 is be VBZ 34457 2968 21 much much JJ 34457 2968 22 evidence evidence NN 34457 2968 23 in in IN 34457 2968 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 2968 25 favour favour NN 34457 2968 26 . . . 34457 2969 1 Further further JJ 34457 2969 2 investigation investigation NN 34457 2969 3 is be VBZ 34457 2969 4 , , , 34457 2969 5 however however RB 34457 2969 6 , , , 34457 2969 7 required require VBN 34457 2969 8 before before IN 34457 2969 9 a a DT 34457 2969 10 final final JJ 34457 2969 11 decision decision NN 34457 2969 12 as as IN 34457 2969 13 to to IN 34457 2969 14 the the DT 34457 2969 15 interpretation interpretation NN 34457 2969 16 of of IN 34457 2969 17 the the DT 34457 2969 18 curves curve NNS 34457 2969 19 can can MD 34457 2969 20 be be VB 34457 2969 21 reached reach VBN 34457 2969 22 . . . 34457 2970 1 Determination determination NN 34457 2970 2 of of IN 34457 2970 3 the the DT 34457 2970 4 Composition Composition NNP 34457 2970 5 of of IN 34457 2970 6 Compounds Compounds NNPS 34457 2970 7 , , , 34457 2970 8 without without IN 34457 2970 9 Analysis.--Since analysis.--since CD 34457 2970 10 the the DT 34457 2970 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 2970 12 between between IN 34457 2970 13 a a DT 34457 2970 14 solid solid JJ 34457 2970 15 and and CC 34457 2970 16 a a DT 34457 2970 17 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2970 18 phase phase NN 34457 2970 19 depends depend VBZ 34457 2970 20 not not RB 34457 2970 21 only only RB 34457 2970 22 on on IN 34457 2970 23 the the DT 34457 2970 24 composition composition NN 34457 2970 25 of of IN 34457 2970 26 the the DT 34457 2970 27 liquid liquid NN 34457 2970 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2970 29 solution solution NN 34457 2970 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2970 31 but but CC 34457 2970 32 also also RB 34457 2970 33 on on IN 34457 2970 34 that that DT 34457 2970 35 of of IN 34457 2970 36 the the DT 34457 2970 37 solid solid JJ 34457 2970 38 , , , 34457 2970 39 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2970 40 is be VBZ 34457 2970 41 necessary necessary JJ 34457 2970 42 { { -LRB- 34457 2970 43 229 229 CD 34457 2970 44 } } -RRB- 34457 2970 45 to to TO 34457 2970 46 determine determine VB 34457 2970 47 the the DT 34457 2970 48 composition composition NN 34457 2970 49 of of IN 34457 2970 50 the the DT 34457 2970 51 latter latter JJ 34457 2970 52 . . . 34457 2971 1 In in IN 34457 2971 2 some some DT 34457 2971 3 cases case NNS 34457 2971 4 this this DT 34457 2971 5 is be VBZ 34457 2971 6 easily easily RB 34457 2971 7 effected effect VBN 34457 2971 8 by by IN 34457 2971 9 separating separate VBG 34457 2971 10 the the DT 34457 2971 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2971 12 from from IN 34457 2971 13 the the DT 34457 2971 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2971 15 phase phase NN 34457 2971 16 and and CC 34457 2971 17 analyzing analyze VBG 34457 2971 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2971 19 . . . 34457 2972 1 In in IN 34457 2972 2 other other JJ 34457 2972 3 cases case NNS 34457 2972 4 , , , 34457 2972 5 however however RB 34457 2972 6 , , , 34457 2972 7 this this DT 34457 2972 8 method method NN 34457 2972 9 is be VBZ 34457 2972 10 inapplicable inapplicable JJ 34457 2972 11 , , , 34457 2972 12 or or CC 34457 2972 13 is be VBZ 34457 2972 14 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 2972 15 by by IN 34457 2972 16 difficulties difficulty NNS 34457 2972 17 , , , 34457 2972 18 due due JJ 34457 2972 19 either either CC 34457 2972 20 to to IN 34457 2972 21 the the DT 34457 2972 22 fact fact NN 34457 2972 23 that that IN 34457 2972 24 the the DT 34457 2972 25 solid solid JJ 34457 2972 26 phase phase NN 34457 2972 27 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 2972 28 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 2972 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2972 30 _ _ NNP 34457 2972 31 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 2972 32 _ _ NNP 34457 2972 33 when when WRB 34457 2972 34 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2972 35 contains contain VBZ 34457 2972 36 a a DT 34457 2972 37 volatile volatile JJ 34457 2972 38 constituent constituent NN 34457 2972 39 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2972 40 , , , 34457 2972 41 or or CC 34457 2972 42 to to IN 34457 2972 43 the the DT 34457 2972 44 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 2972 45 of of IN 34457 2972 46 completely completely RB 34457 2972 47 separating separate VBG 34457 2972 48 the the DT 34457 2972 49 mother mother NN 34457 2972 50 liquor liquor NN 34457 2972 51 ; ; : 34457 2972 52 as as IN 34457 2972 53 , , , 34457 2972 54 for for IN 34457 2972 55 example example NN 34457 2972 56 , , , 34457 2972 57 in in IN 34457 2972 58 the the DT 34457 2972 59 case case NN 34457 2972 60 of of IN 34457 2972 61 alloys alloy NNS 34457 2972 62 . . . 34457 2973 1 In in IN 34457 2973 2 all all DT 34457 2973 3 such such JJ 34457 2973 4 cases case NNS 34457 2973 5 , , , 34457 2973 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 2973 7 , , , 34457 2973 8 recourse recourse NN 34457 2973 9 must must MD 34457 2973 10 be be VB 34457 2973 11 had have VBN 34457 2973 12 to to IN 34457 2973 13 other other JJ 34457 2973 14 methods method NNS 34457 2973 15 . . . 34457 2974 1 In in IN 34457 2974 2 the the DT 34457 2974 3 first first JJ 34457 2974 4 place place NN 34457 2974 5 , , , 34457 2974 6 synthetic synthetic JJ 34457 2974 7 methods method NNS 34457 2974 8 may may MD 34457 2974 9 be be VB 34457 2974 10 employed employ VBN 34457 2974 11 . . . 34457 2975 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2975 2 313 313 CD 34457 2975 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2975 4 In in IN 34457 2975 5 this this DT 34457 2975 6 case case NN 34457 2975 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 2975 8 start start VBP 34457 2975 9 with with IN 34457 2975 10 a a DT 34457 2975 11 solution solution NN 34457 2975 12 of of IN 34457 2975 13 the the DT 34457 2975 14 two two CD 34457 2975 15 components component NNS 34457 2975 16 , , , 34457 2975 17 to to TO 34457 2975 18 which which WDT 34457 2975 19 a a DT 34457 2975 20 third third JJ 34457 2975 21 substance substance NN 34457 2975 22 is be VBZ 34457 2975 23 added add VBN 34457 2975 24 , , , 34457 2975 25 which which WDT 34457 2975 26 , , , 34457 2975 27 however however RB 34457 2975 28 , , , 34457 2975 29 does do VBZ 34457 2975 30 not not RB 34457 2975 31 enter enter VB 34457 2975 32 into into IN 34457 2975 33 the the DT 34457 2975 34 solid solid JJ 34457 2975 35 phase phase NN 34457 2975 36 . . . 34457 2976 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2976 2 314 314 CD 34457 2976 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2976 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2976 5 will will MD 34457 2976 6 assume assume VB 34457 2976 7 that that IN 34457 2976 8 the the DT 34457 2976 9 initial initial JJ 34457 2976 10 solution solution NN 34457 2976 11 contains contain VBZ 34457 2976 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2976 13 x x NNP 34457 2976 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2976 15 gm gm NNP 34457 2976 16 . . . 34457 2977 1 of of IN 34457 2977 2 A A NNP 34457 2977 3 and and CC 34457 2977 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2977 5 y y NNP 34457 2977 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2977 7 gm gm NNP 34457 2977 8 . . . 34457 2978 1 of of IN 34457 2978 2 B B NNP 34457 2978 3 to to IN 34457 2978 4 1 1 CD 34457 2978 5 gm gm NNP 34457 2978 6 . . . 34457 2979 1 of of IN 34457 2979 2 C. C. NNP 34457 2979 3 After after IN 34457 2979 4 the the DT 34457 2979 5 solution solution NN 34457 2979 6 has have VBZ 34457 2979 7 been be VBN 34457 2979 8 cooled cool VBN 34457 2979 9 down down RP 34457 2979 10 to to IN 34457 2979 11 such such PDT 34457 2979 12 a a DT 34457 2979 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 2979 14 that that WDT 34457 2979 15 solid solid JJ 34457 2979 16 substance substance NN 34457 2979 17 separates separate VBZ 34457 2979 18 out out RP 34457 2979 19 , , , 34457 2979 20 a a DT 34457 2979 21 portion portion NN 34457 2979 22 of of IN 34457 2979 23 the the DT 34457 2979 24 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2979 25 phase phase NN 34457 2979 26 is be VBZ 34457 2979 27 removed remove VBN 34457 2979 28 with with IN 34457 2979 29 a a DT 34457 2979 30 pipette pipette NN 34457 2979 31 and and CC 34457 2979 32 analyzed analyze VBD 34457 2979 33 . . . 34457 2980 1 If if IN 34457 2980 2 , , , 34457 2980 3 now now RB 34457 2980 4 , , , 34457 2980 5 the the DT 34457 2980 6 composition composition NN 34457 2980 7 of of IN 34457 2980 8 the the DT 34457 2980 9 solution solution NN 34457 2980 10 is be VBZ 34457 2980 11 such such JJ 34457 2980 12 that that IN 34457 2980 13 there there EX 34457 2980 14 are be VBP 34457 2980 15 _ _ NNP 34457 2980 16 x x SYM 34457 2980 17 ' ' '' 34457 2980 18 _ _ NNP 34457 2980 19 gm gm NNP 34457 2980 20 . . . 34457 2981 1 of of IN 34457 2981 2 A A NNP 34457 2981 3 and and CC 34457 2981 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2981 5 y y NNP 34457 2981 6 ' ' '' 34457 2981 7 _ _ NNP 34457 2981 8 gm gm NNP 34457 2981 9 . . . 34457 2982 1 of of IN 34457 2982 2 B B NNP 34457 2982 3 to to IN 34457 2982 4 1 1 CD 34457 2982 5 gm gm NNP 34457 2982 6 . . . 34457 2983 1 of of IN 34457 2983 2 C. C. NNP 34457 2983 3 , , , 34457 2983 4 then then RB 34457 2983 5 the the DT 34457 2983 6 composition composition NN 34457 2983 7 of of IN 34457 2983 8 the the DT 34457 2983 9 solid solid JJ 34457 2983 10 phase phase NN 34457 2983 11 is be VBZ 34457 2983 12 _ _ NNP 34457 2983 13 x x NNP 34457 2983 14 _ _ NNP 34457 2983 15 - - HYPH 34457 2983 16 _ _ NNP 34457 2983 17 x x NNP 34457 2983 18 ' ' '' 34457 2983 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2983 20 gm gm NNP 34457 2983 21 . . . 34457 2984 1 of of IN 34457 2984 2 A A NNP 34457 2984 3 and and CC 34457 2984 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2984 5 y y NNP 34457 2984 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2984 7 - - HYPH 34457 2984 8 _ _ NNP 34457 2984 9 y y NNP 34457 2984 10 ' ' '' 34457 2984 11 _ _ NNP 34457 2984 12 gm gm NNP 34457 2984 13 . . . 34457 2985 1 of of IN 34457 2985 2 B. B. NNP 34457 2986 1 When when WRB 34457 2986 2 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 3 x x NNP 34457 2986 4 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 5 = = SYM 34457 2986 6 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 7 x x NNP 34457 2986 8 ' ' '' 34457 2986 9 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 10 , , , 34457 2986 11 the the DT 34457 2986 12 solid solid JJ 34457 2986 13 phase phase NN 34457 2986 14 is be VBZ 34457 2986 15 pure pure JJ 34457 2986 16 B b NN 34457 2986 17 ; ; : 34457 2986 18 when when WRB 34457 2986 19 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 20 y y NNP 34457 2986 21 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 22 = = SYM 34457 2986 23 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 24 y y NNP 34457 2986 25 ' ' '' 34457 2986 26 _ _ NNP 34457 2986 27 , , , 34457 2986 28 the the DT 34457 2986 29 solid solid JJ 34457 2986 30 phase phase NN 34457 2986 31 is be VBZ 34457 2986 32 pure pure JJ 34457 2986 33 A. a. NN 34457 2987 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 2987 2 have have VBP 34457 2987 3 assumed assume VBN 34457 2987 4 here here RB 34457 2987 5 that that IN 34457 2987 6 there there EX 34457 2987 7 is be VBZ 34457 2987 8 only only RB 34457 2987 9 one one CD 34457 2987 10 solid solid JJ 34457 2987 11 phase phase NN 34457 2987 12 present present JJ 34457 2987 13 , , , 34457 2987 14 containing contain VBG 34457 2987 15 A a NN 34457 2987 16 and and CC 34457 2987 17 B. B. NNP 34457 2988 1 To to TO 34457 2988 2 make make VB 34457 2988 3 sure sure JJ 34457 2988 4 that that IN 34457 2988 5 the the DT 34457 2988 6 solid solid JJ 34457 2988 7 phase phase NN 34457 2988 8 is be VBZ 34457 2988 9 not not RB 34457 2988 10 a a DT 34457 2988 11 solid solid JJ 34457 2988 12 solution solution NN 34457 2988 13 in in IN 34457 2988 14 which which WDT 34457 2988 15 A a NN 34457 2988 16 and and CC 34457 2988 17 B b NN 34457 2988 18 are be VBP 34457 2988 19 present present JJ 34457 2988 20 in in IN 34457 2988 21 the the DT 34457 2988 22 same same JJ 34457 2988 23 ratio ratio NN 34457 2988 24 as as IN 34457 2988 25 in in IN 34457 2988 26 the the DT 34457 2988 27 liquid liquid JJ 34457 2988 28 solution solution NN 34457 2988 29 , , , 34457 2988 30 a a DT 34457 2988 31 second second JJ 34457 2988 32 determination determination NN 34457 2988 33 of of IN 34457 2988 34 the the DT 34457 2988 35 composition composition NN 34457 2988 36 must must MD 34457 2988 37 be be VB 34457 2988 38 made make VBN 34457 2988 39 , , , 34457 2988 40 with with IN 34457 2988 41 different different JJ 34457 2988 42 initial initial JJ 34457 2988 43 and and CC 34457 2988 44 end end NN 34457 2988 45 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 2988 46 . . . 34457 2989 1 If if IN 34457 2989 2 the the DT 34457 2989 3 solid solid JJ 34457 2989 4 phase phase NN 34457 2989 5 is be VBZ 34457 2989 6 a a DT 34457 2989 7 solid solid JJ 34457 2989 8 solution solution NN 34457 2989 9 , , , 34457 2989 10 the the DT 34457 2989 11 composition composition NN 34457 2989 12 will will MD 34457 2989 13 now now RB 34457 2989 14 be be VB 34457 2989 15 found find VBN 34457 2989 16 different different JJ 34457 2989 17 from from IN 34457 2989 18 that that DT 34457 2989 19 found find VBN 34457 2989 20 previously previously RB 34457 2989 21 . . . 34457 2990 1 The the DT 34457 2990 2 composition composition NN 34457 2990 3 of of IN 34457 2990 4 the the DT 34457 2990 5 solid solid JJ 34457 2990 6 phase phase NN 34457 2990 7 can can MD 34457 2990 8 , , , 34457 2990 9 however however RB 34457 2990 10 , , , 34457 2990 11 be be VB 34457 2990 12 determined determine VBN 34457 2990 13 in in IN 34457 2990 14 another another DT 34457 2990 15 manner manner NN 34457 2990 16 , , , 34457 2990 17 viz viz NN 34457 2990 18 . . . 34457 2991 1 by by IN 34457 2991 2 studying study VBG 34457 2991 3 the the DT 34457 2991 4 fusion fusion NN 34457 2991 5 curve curve NN 34457 2991 6 and and CC 34457 2991 7 the the DT 34457 2991 8 curve curve NN 34457 2991 9 of of IN 34457 2991 10 cooling cooling NN 34457 2991 11 . . . 34457 2992 1 From from IN 34457 2992 2 the the DT 34457 2992 3 form form NN 34457 2992 4 of of IN 34457 2992 5 the the DT 34457 2992 6 fusion fusion NN 34457 2992 7 curve curve NN 34457 2992 8 alone alone RB 34457 2992 9 , , , 34457 2992 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 2992 11 is be VBZ 34457 2992 12 possible possible JJ 34457 2992 13 to to TO 34457 2992 14 decide decide VB 34457 2992 15 whether whether IN 34457 2992 16 the the DT 34457 2992 17 two two CD 34457 2992 18 components component NNS 34457 2992 19 { { -LRB- 34457 2992 20 230 230 CD 34457 2992 21 } } -RRB- 34457 2992 22 form form VBP 34457 2992 23 a a DT 34457 2992 24 compound compound NN 34457 2992 25 or or CC 34457 2992 26 not not RB 34457 2992 27 ; ; : 34457 2992 28 and and CC 34457 2992 29 if if IN 34457 2992 30 the the DT 34457 2992 31 compounds compound NNS 34457 2992 32 which which WDT 34457 2992 33 may may MD 34457 2992 34 be be VB 34457 2992 35 formed form VBN 34457 2992 36 have have VBP 34457 2992 37 a a DT 34457 2992 38 definite definite JJ 34457 2992 39 melting melting NN 34457 2992 40 point point NN 34457 2992 41 , , , 34457 2992 42 the the DT 34457 2992 43 position position NN 34457 2992 44 of of IN 34457 2992 45 the the DT 34457 2992 46 latter latter JJ 34457 2992 47 gives give VBZ 34457 2992 48 at at IN 34457 2992 49 once once RB 34457 2992 50 the the DT 34457 2992 51 composition composition NN 34457 2992 52 of of IN 34457 2992 53 the the DT 34457 2992 54 compounds compound NNS 34457 2992 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2992 56 cf cf UH 34457 2992 57 . . . 34457 2993 1 p. p. NN 34457 2993 2 231 231 CD 34457 2993 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2993 4 . . . 34457 2994 1 This this DT 34457 2994 2 method method NN 34457 2994 3 , , , 34457 2994 4 however however RB 34457 2994 5 , , , 34457 2994 6 can can MD 34457 2994 7 not not RB 34457 2994 8 be be VB 34457 2994 9 applied apply VBN 34457 2994 10 when when WRB 34457 2994 11 the the DT 34457 2994 12 compounds compound NNS 34457 2994 13 undergo undergo VBP 34457 2994 14 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 2994 15 before before IN 34457 2994 16 the the DT 34457 2994 17 melting melting NN 34457 2994 18 point point NN 34457 2994 19 is be VBZ 34457 2994 20 reached reach VBN 34457 2994 21 . . . 34457 2995 1 In in IN 34457 2995 2 such such JJ 34457 2995 3 cases case NNS 34457 2995 4 , , , 34457 2995 5 however however RB 34457 2995 6 , , , 34457 2995 7 the the DT 34457 2995 8 form form NN 34457 2995 9 of of IN 34457 2995 10 the the DT 34457 2995 11 cooling cool VBG 34457 2995 12 curve curve NN 34457 2995 13 enables enable VBZ 34457 2995 14 one one PRP 34457 2995 15 to to TO 34457 2995 16 decide decide VB 34457 2995 17 the the DT 34457 2995 18 composition composition NN 34457 2995 19 of of IN 34457 2995 20 the the DT 34457 2995 21 solid solid JJ 34457 2995 22 phase phase NN 34457 2995 23 . . . 34457 2996 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 2996 2 315 315 CD 34457 2996 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 2996 4 If if IN 34457 2996 5 a a DT 34457 2996 6 solution solution NN 34457 2996 7 is be VBZ 34457 2996 8 allowed allow VBN 34457 2996 9 to to TO 34457 2996 10 cool cool VB 34457 2996 11 slowly slowly RB 34457 2996 12 , , , 34457 2996 13 and and CC 34457 2996 14 the the DT 34457 2996 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 2996 16 noted note VBN 34457 2996 17 at at IN 34457 2996 18 definite definite JJ 34457 2996 19 times times NNP 34457 2996 20 , , , 34457 2996 21 the the DT 34457 2996 22 graphic graphic JJ 34457 2996 23 representation representation NN 34457 2996 24 of of IN 34457 2996 25 the the DT 34457 2996 26 rate rate NN 34457 2996 27 of of IN 34457 2996 28 cooling cooling NN 34457 2996 29 will will MD 34457 2996 30 give give VB 34457 2996 31 a a DT 34457 2996 32 continuous continuous JJ 34457 2996 33 curve curve NN 34457 2996 34 ; ; : 34457 2996 35 _ _ NNP 34457 2996 36 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 2996 37 _ _ NNP 34457 2996 38 _ _ NNP 34457 2996 39 ab ab NNP 34457 2996 40 _ _ NNP 34457 2996 41 in in IN 34457 2996 42 Fig Fig NNP 34457 2996 43 . . . 34457 2997 1 76 76 CD 34457 2997 2 . . . 34457 2998 1 So so RB 34457 2998 2 soon soon RB 34457 2998 3 , , , 34457 2998 4 however however RB 34457 2998 5 , , , 34457 2998 6 as as IN 34457 2998 7 a a DT 34457 2998 8 solid solid JJ 34457 2998 9 phase phase NN 34457 2998 10 begins begin VBZ 34457 2998 11 to to TO 34457 2998 12 be be VB 34457 2998 13 formed form VBN 34457 2998 14 , , , 34457 2998 15 the the DT 34457 2998 16 rate rate NN 34457 2998 17 of of IN 34457 2998 18 cooling cool VBG 34457 2998 19 alters alter NNS 34457 2998 20 abruptly abruptly RB 34457 2998 21 , , , 34457 2998 22 and and CC 34457 2998 23 the the DT 34457 2998 24 cooling cool VBG 34457 2998 25 curve curve NN 34457 2998 26 then then RB 34457 2998 27 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 2998 28 a a DT 34457 2998 29 break break NN 34457 2998 30 , , , 34457 2998 31 or or CC 34457 2998 32 change change NN 34457 2998 33 in in IN 34457 2998 34 direction direction NN 34457 2998 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 2998 36 point point NN 34457 2998 37 _ _ NNP 34457 2998 38 b b NNP 34457 2998 39 _ _ NNP 34457 2998 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 2998 41 . . . 34457 2999 1 When when WRB 34457 2999 2 the the DT 34457 2999 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 2999 4 point point NN 34457 2999 5 is be VBZ 34457 2999 6 reached reach VBN 34457 2999 7 , , , 34457 2999 8 the the DT 34457 2999 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 2999 10 remains remain VBZ 34457 2999 11 constant constant JJ 34457 2999 12 , , , 34457 2999 13 until until IN 34457 2999 14 all all PDT 34457 2999 15 the the DT 34457 2999 16 liquid liquid NN 34457 2999 17 has have VBZ 34457 2999 18 solidified solidify VBN 34457 2999 19 . . . 34457 3000 1 This this DT 34457 3000 2 is be VBZ 34457 3000 3 represented represent VBN 34457 3000 4 by by IN 34457 3000 5 the the DT 34457 3000 6 line line NN 34457 3000 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3000 8 cd cd NNP 34457 3000 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3000 10 . . . 34457 3001 1 When when WRB 34457 3001 2 complete complete JJ 34457 3001 3 solidification solidification NN 34457 3001 4 has have VBZ 34457 3001 5 occurred occur VBN 34457 3001 6 , , , 34457 3001 7 the the DT 34457 3001 8 fall fall NN 34457 3001 9 of of IN 34457 3001 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 3001 11 again again RB 34457 3001 12 becomes become VBZ 34457 3001 13 uniform uniform JJ 34457 3001 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3001 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3001 16 de de NNP 34457 3001 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3001 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3001 19 . . . 34457 3002 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3002 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3002 3 : : : 34457 3002 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3002 5 . . . 34457 3003 1 76 76 CD 34457 3003 2 . . . 34457 3003 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3004 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3004 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3004 3 : : : 34457 3004 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3004 5 . . . 34457 3005 1 77 77 CD 34457 3005 2 . . . 34457 3005 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3006 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3006 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3006 3 : : : 34457 3006 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3006 5 . . . 34457 3007 1 78 78 CD 34457 3007 2 . . . 34457 3007 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3008 1 The the DT 34457 3008 2 length length NN 34457 3008 3 of of IN 34457 3008 4 time time NN 34457 3008 5 during during IN 34457 3008 6 which which WDT 34457 3008 7 the the DT 34457 3008 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 3008 9 remains remain VBZ 34457 3008 10 constant constant JJ 34457 3008 11 at at IN 34457 3008 12 the the DT 34457 3008 13 point point NN 34457 3008 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3008 15 c c NNP 34457 3008 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3008 17 , , , 34457 3008 18 depends depend VBZ 34457 3008 19 , , , 34457 3008 20 of of IN 34457 3008 21 course course NN 34457 3008 22 , , , 34457 3008 23 on on IN 34457 3008 24 the the DT 34457 3008 25 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3008 26 solution solution NN 34457 3008 27 . . . 34457 3009 1 If if IN 34457 3009 2 , , , 34457 3009 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3009 4 , , , 34457 3009 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3009 6 take take VBP 34457 3009 7 equal equal JJ 34457 3009 8 amounts amount NNS 34457 3009 9 of of IN 34457 3009 10 solution solution NN 34457 3009 11 having have VBG 34457 3009 12 a a DT 34457 3009 13 different different JJ 34457 3009 14 initial initial JJ 34457 3009 15 composition composition NN 34457 3009 16 , , , 34457 3009 17 the the DT 34457 3009 18 period period NN 34457 3009 19 of of IN 34457 3009 20 constant constant JJ 34457 3009 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3009 22 in in IN 34457 3009 23 the the DT 34457 3009 24 cooling cool VBG 34457 3009 25 curve curve NN 34457 3009 26 will will MD 34457 3009 27 evidently evidently RB 34457 3009 28 be be VB 34457 3009 29 greatest great JJS 34457 3009 30 in in IN 34457 3009 31 the the DT 34457 3009 32 case case NN 34457 3009 33 of of IN 34457 3009 34 the the DT 34457 3009 35 solution solution NN 34457 3009 36 having have VBG 34457 3009 37 the the DT 34457 3009 38 composition composition NN 34457 3009 39 of of IN 34457 3009 40 the the DT 34457 3009 41 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3009 42 point point NN 34457 3009 43 ; ; : 34457 3009 44 and and CC 34457 3009 45 the the DT 34457 3009 46 period period NN 34457 3009 47 will will MD 34457 3009 48 become become VB 34457 3009 49 less less RBR 34457 3009 50 and and CC 34457 3009 51 less less JJR 34457 3009 52 as as IN 34457 3009 53 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3009 54 increase increase VBP 34457 3009 55 the the DT 34457 3009 56 amount amount NN 34457 3009 57 of of IN 34457 3009 58 one one CD 34457 3009 59 of of IN 34457 3009 60 the the DT 34457 3009 61 components component NNS 34457 3009 62 . . . 34457 3010 1 The the DT 34457 3010 2 relationship relationship NN 34457 3010 3 between between IN 34457 3010 4 initial initial JJ 34457 3010 5 composition composition NN 34457 3010 6 of of IN 34457 3010 7 solution solution NN 34457 3010 8 and and CC 34457 3010 9 the the DT 34457 3010 10 duration duration NN 34457 3010 11 of of IN 34457 3010 12 constant constant JJ 34457 3010 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 3010 14 at at IN 34457 3010 15 the the DT 34457 3010 16 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3010 17 point point NN 34457 3010 18 is be VBZ 34457 3010 19 represented represent VBN 34457 3010 20 by by IN 34457 3010 21 the the DT 34457 3010 22 curve curve NN 34457 3010 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3010 24 a'c'b a'c'b NNP 34457 3010 25 ' ' `` 34457 3010 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3010 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3010 28 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3010 29 . . . 34457 3011 1 77 77 CD 34457 3011 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3011 3 . . . 34457 3012 1 When when WRB 34457 3012 2 a a DT 34457 3012 3 compound compound NN 34457 3012 4 possessing possess VBG 34457 3012 5 a a DT 34457 3012 6 definite definite JJ 34457 3012 7 melting melting NN 34457 3012 8 point point NN 34457 3012 9 is be VBZ 34457 3012 10 formed form VBN 34457 3012 11 , , , 34457 3012 12 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3012 13 behaves behave VBZ 34457 3012 14 as as IN 34457 3012 15 a a DT 34457 3012 16 pure pure JJ 34457 3012 17 substance substance NN 34457 3012 18 . . . 34457 3013 1 If if IN 34457 3013 2 , , , 34457 3013 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3013 4 , , , 34457 3013 5 the the DT 34457 3013 6 initial initial JJ 34457 3013 7 composition composition NN 34457 3013 8 of of IN 34457 3013 9 the the DT 34457 3013 10 { { -LRB- 34457 3013 11 231 231 CD 34457 3013 12 } } -RRB- 34457 3013 13 solution solution NN 34457 3013 14 is be VBZ 34457 3013 15 the the DT 34457 3013 16 same same JJ 34457 3013 17 as as IN 34457 3013 18 that that DT 34457 3013 19 of of IN 34457 3013 20 the the DT 34457 3013 21 compound compound NN 34457 3013 22 , , , 34457 3013 23 no no DT 34457 3013 24 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3013 25 solution solution NN 34457 3013 26 will will MD 34457 3013 27 be be VB 34457 3013 28 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3013 29 ; ; : 34457 3013 30 and and CC 34457 3013 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 3013 32 no no DT 34457 3013 33 line line NN 34457 3013 34 of of IN 34457 3013 35 constant constant JJ 34457 3013 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 3013 37 , , , 34457 3013 38 such such JJ 34457 3013 39 as as IN 34457 3013 40 _ _ NNP 34457 3013 41 cd cd NNP 34457 3013 42 _ _ NNP 34457 3013 43 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3013 44 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3013 45 . . . 34457 3014 1 76 76 CD 34457 3014 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3014 3 . . . 34457 3015 1 In in IN 34457 3015 2 such such PDT 34457 3015 3 a a DT 34457 3015 4 case case NN 34457 3015 5 , , , 34457 3015 6 if if IN 34457 3015 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3015 8 represent represent VBP 34457 3015 9 graphically graphically RB 34457 3015 10 the the DT 34457 3015 11 relation relation NN 34457 3015 12 between between IN 34457 3015 13 the the DT 34457 3015 14 initial initial JJ 34457 3015 15 composition composition NN 34457 3015 16 of of IN 34457 3015 17 the the DT 34457 3015 18 solution solution NN 34457 3015 19 and and CC 34457 3015 20 the the DT 34457 3015 21 duration duration NN 34457 3015 22 of of IN 34457 3015 23 constant constant JJ 34457 3015 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 3015 25 , , , 34457 3015 26 a a DT 34457 3015 27 diagram diagram NN 34457 3015 28 is be VBZ 34457 3015 29 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3015 30 such such JJ 34457 3015 31 as as IN 34457 3015 32 shown show VBN 34457 3015 33 in in IN 34457 3015 34 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3015 35 . . . 34457 3016 1 78 78 CD 34457 3016 2 . . . 34457 3017 1 The the DT 34457 3017 2 two two CD 34457 3017 3 maxima maxima NN 34457 3017 4 on on IN 34457 3017 5 the the DT 34457 3017 6 time time NN 34457 3017 7 - - HYPH 34457 3017 8 composition composition NN 34457 3017 9 curve curve NN 34457 3017 10 represent represent VBP 34457 3017 11 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3017 12 points point NNS 34457 3017 13 , , , 34457 3017 14 and and CC 34457 3017 15 the the DT 34457 3017 16 minima minima NNP 34457 3017 17 , , , 34457 3017 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3017 19 a a DT 34457 3017 20 ' ' `` 34457 3017 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3017 22 , , , 34457 3017 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3017 24 b b NNP 34457 3017 25 ' ' `` 34457 3017 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3017 27 , , , 34457 3017 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3017 29 e e NNP 34457 3017 30 ' ' '' 34457 3017 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3017 32 , , , 34457 3017 33 pure pure JJ 34457 3017 34 substances substance NNS 34457 3017 35 . . . 34457 3018 1 The the DT 34457 3018 2 position position NN 34457 3018 3 of of IN 34457 3018 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3018 5 e e NNP 34457 3018 6 ' ' '' 34457 3018 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3018 8 gives give VBZ 34457 3018 9 the the DT 34457 3018 10 composition composition NN 34457 3018 11 of of IN 34457 3018 12 the the DT 34457 3018 13 compound compound NN 34457 3018 14 . . . 34457 3019 1 When when WRB 34457 3019 2 a a DT 34457 3019 3 series series NN 34457 3019 4 of of IN 34457 3019 5 compounds compound NNS 34457 3019 6 is be VBZ 34457 3019 7 formed form VBN 34457 3019 8 , , , 34457 3019 9 then then RB 34457 3019 10 for for IN 34457 3019 11 each each DT 34457 3019 12 compound compound NN 34457 3019 13 a a DT 34457 3019 14 minimum minimum NN 34457 3019 15 is be VBZ 34457 3019 16 found find VBN 34457 3019 17 on on IN 34457 3019 18 the the DT 34457 3019 19 time time NN 34457 3019 20 - - HYPH 34457 3019 21 composition composition NN 34457 3019 22 curve curve NN 34457 3019 23 . . . 34457 3020 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3020 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3020 3 : : : 34457 3020 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3020 5 . . . 34457 3021 1 79 79 CD 34457 3021 2 . . . 34457 3021 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3022 1 If if IN 34457 3022 2 the the DT 34457 3022 3 compound compound NN 34457 3022 4 formed form VBD 34457 3022 5 has have VBZ 34457 3022 6 no no DT 34457 3022 7 definite definite JJ 34457 3022 8 melting melting NN 34457 3022 9 point point NN 34457 3022 10 , , , 34457 3022 11 the the DT 34457 3022 12 diagram diagram NN 34457 3022 13 obtained obtain VBD 34457 3022 14 is be VBZ 34457 3022 15 like like IN 34457 3022 16 that that DT 34457 3022 17 shown show VBN 34457 3022 18 in in IN 34457 3022 19 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3022 20 . . . 34457 3023 1 79 79 CD 34457 3023 2 . . . 34457 3024 1 If if IN 34457 3024 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3024 3 start start VBP 34457 3024 4 with with IN 34457 3024 5 a a DT 34457 3024 6 solution solution NN 34457 3024 7 , , , 34457 3024 8 the the DT 34457 3024 9 composition composition NN 34457 3024 10 of of IN 34457 3024 11 which which WDT 34457 3024 12 is be VBZ 34457 3024 13 represented represent VBN 34457 3024 14 by by IN 34457 3024 15 a a DT 34457 3024 16 point point NN 34457 3024 17 between between IN 34457 3024 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 19 d d NNP 34457 3024 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 21 and and CC 34457 3024 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 23 b b NNP 34457 3024 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 25 , , , 34457 3024 26 then then RB 34457 3024 27 , , , 34457 3024 28 on on IN 34457 3024 29 cooling cooling NN 34457 3024 30 , , , 34457 3024 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 32 b b NNP 34457 3024 33 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 34 will will MD 34457 3024 35 separate separate VB 34457 3024 36 out out RP 34457 3024 37 first first RB 34457 3024 38 , , , 34457 3024 39 and and CC 34457 3024 40 the the DT 34457 3024 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 3024 42 will will MD 34457 3024 43 fall fall VB 34457 3024 44 until until IN 34457 3024 45 the the DT 34457 3024 46 point point NN 34457 3024 47 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 48 d d NNP 34457 3024 49 _ _ NNP 34457 3024 50 is be VBZ 34457 3024 51 reached reach VBN 34457 3024 52 . . . 34457 3025 1 The the DT 34457 3025 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 3025 3 then then RB 34457 3025 4 remains remain VBZ 34457 3025 5 constant constant JJ 34457 3025 6 until until IN 34457 3025 7 the the DT 34457 3025 8 component component NN 34457 3025 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3025 10 b b NNP 34457 3025 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3025 12 , , , 34457 3025 13 which which WDT 34457 3025 14 has have VBZ 34457 3025 15 separated separate VBN 34457 3025 16 out out RP 34457 3025 17 , , , 34457 3025 18 is be VBZ 34457 3025 19 converted convert VBN 34457 3025 20 into into IN 34457 3025 21 the the DT 34457 3025 22 compound compound NN 34457 3025 23 . . . 34457 3026 1 After after IN 34457 3026 2 this this DT 34457 3026 3 the the DT 34457 3026 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3026 5 again again RB 34457 3026 6 falls fall VBZ 34457 3026 7 , , , 34457 3026 8 until until IN 34457 3026 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3026 10 again again RB 34457 3026 11 remains remain VBZ 34457 3026 12 constant constant JJ 34457 3026 13 at at IN 34457 3026 14 the the DT 34457 3026 15 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3026 16 point point NN 34457 3026 17 c. c. NN 34457 3026 18 In in IN 34457 3026 19 the the DT 34457 3026 20 case case NN 34457 3026 21 of of IN 34457 3026 22 the the DT 34457 3026 23 first first JJ 34457 3026 24 halt halt NN 34457 3026 25 , , , 34457 3026 26 the the DT 34457 3026 27 period period NN 34457 3026 28 of of IN 34457 3026 29 constant constant JJ 34457 3026 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 3026 31 is be VBZ 34457 3026 32 greatest great JJS 34457 3026 33 when when WRB 34457 3026 34 the the DT 34457 3026 35 initial initial JJ 34457 3026 36 composition composition NN 34457 3026 37 of of IN 34457 3026 38 the the DT 34457 3026 39 solution solution NN 34457 3026 40 is be VBZ 34457 3026 41 the the DT 34457 3026 42 same same JJ 34457 3026 43 as as IN 34457 3026 44 that that DT 34457 3026 45 of of IN 34457 3026 46 the the DT 34457 3026 47 compound compound NN 34457 3026 48 ; ; : 34457 3026 49 and and CC 34457 3026 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3026 51 becomes become VBZ 34457 3026 52 shorter short JJR 34457 3026 53 and and CC 34457 3026 54 shorter short JJR 34457 3026 55 with with IN 34457 3026 56 { { -LRB- 34457 3026 57 232 232 CD 34457 3026 58 } } -RRB- 34457 3026 59 increase increase NN 34457 3026 60 in in IN 34457 3026 61 the the DT 34457 3026 62 amount amount NN 34457 3026 63 of of IN 34457 3026 64 either either DT 34457 3026 65 component component NN 34457 3026 66 . . . 34457 3027 1 In in IN 34457 3027 2 this this DT 34457 3027 3 way way NN 34457 3027 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3027 5 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3027 6 the the DT 34457 3027 7 time time NN 34457 3027 8 - - HYPH 34457 3027 9 composition composition NN 34457 3027 10 curve curve NN 34457 3027 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3027 12 b'e"d b'e"d NNP 34457 3027 13 ' ' POS 34457 3027 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3027 15 , , , 34457 3027 16 of of IN 34457 3027 17 which which WDT 34457 3027 18 the the DT 34457 3027 19 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3027 20 point point NN 34457 3027 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3027 22 e e NNP 34457 3027 23 " " `` 34457 3027 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3027 25 gives give VBZ 34457 3027 26 the the DT 34457 3027 27 composition composition NN 34457 3027 28 of of IN 34457 3027 29 the the DT 34457 3027 30 compound compound NN 34457 3027 31 . . . 34457 3028 1 On on IN 34457 3028 2 the the DT 34457 3028 3 other other JJ 34457 3028 4 hand hand NN 34457 3028 5 , , , 34457 3028 6 the the DT 34457 3028 7 period period NN 34457 3028 8 of of IN 34457 3028 9 constant constant JJ 34457 3028 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 3028 11 for for IN 34457 3028 12 the the DT 34457 3028 13 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3028 14 point point NN 34457 3028 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 16 c c NNP 34457 3028 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 18 is be VBZ 34457 3028 19 greatest great JJS 34457 3028 20 in in IN 34457 3028 21 the the DT 34457 3028 22 case case NN 34457 3028 23 of of IN 34457 3028 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 3028 25 having have VBG 34457 3028 26 the the DT 34457 3028 27 same same JJ 34457 3028 28 initial initial JJ 34457 3028 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 30 composition composition NN 34457 3028 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 32 as as IN 34457 3028 33 that that DT 34457 3028 34 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3028 35 with with IN 34457 3028 36 the the DT 34457 3028 37 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3028 38 point point NN 34457 3028 39 ; ; : 34457 3028 40 and and CC 34457 3028 41 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3028 42 decreases decrease VBZ 34457 3028 43 the the DT 34457 3028 44 more more JJR 34457 3028 45 the the DT 34457 3028 46 initial initial JJ 34457 3028 47 composition composition NN 34457 3028 48 approaches approach VBZ 34457 3028 49 that that DT 34457 3028 50 of of IN 34457 3028 51 the the DT 34457 3028 52 pure pure JJ 34457 3028 53 component component NN 34457 3028 54 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 55 a a DT 34457 3028 56 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 57 or or CC 34457 3028 58 the the DT 34457 3028 59 component component NN 34457 3028 60 e. e. . 34457 3028 61 In in IN 34457 3028 62 this this DT 34457 3028 63 way way NN 34457 3028 64 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3028 65 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3028 66 the the DT 34457 3028 67 time time NN 34457 3028 68 - - HYPH 34457 3028 69 composition composition NN 34457 3028 70 curve curve NN 34457 3028 71 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 72 a'c'e a'c'e CC 34457 3028 73 ' ' POS 34457 3028 74 _ _ NNP 34457 3028 75 . . . 34457 3029 1 Here here RB 34457 3029 2 also also RB 34457 3029 3 the the DT 34457 3029 4 point point NN 34457 3029 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3029 6 e e NNP 34457 3029 7 ' ' `` 34457 3029 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3029 9 represents represent VBZ 34457 3029 10 the the DT 34457 3029 11 composition composition NN 34457 3029 12 of of IN 34457 3029 13 the the DT 34457 3029 14 compound compound NN 34457 3029 15 . . . 34457 3030 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3030 2 see see VBP 34457 3030 3 , , , 34457 3030 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3030 5 , , , 34457 3030 6 that that IN 34457 3030 7 from from IN 34457 3030 8 the the DT 34457 3030 9 graphic graphic JJ 34457 3030 10 representation representation NN 34457 3030 11 of of IN 34457 3030 12 the the DT 34457 3030 13 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3030 14 - - HYPH 34457 3030 15 point point NN 34457 3030 16 curve curve NN 34457 3030 17 , , , 34457 3030 18 and and CC 34457 3030 19 from from IN 34457 3030 20 the the DT 34457 3030 21 duration duration NN 34457 3030 22 of of IN 34457 3030 23 the the DT 34457 3030 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 3030 25 - - HYPH 34457 3030 26 arrests arrest NNS 34457 3030 27 on on IN 34457 3030 28 the the DT 34457 3030 29 cooling cool VBG 34457 3030 30 curve curve NN 34457 3030 31 , , , 34457 3030 32 for for IN 34457 3030 33 solutions solution NNS 34457 3030 34 of of IN 34457 3030 35 different different JJ 34457 3030 36 initial initial JJ 34457 3030 37 composition composition NN 34457 3030 38 , , , 34457 3030 39 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3030 40 is be VBZ 34457 3030 41 possible possible JJ 34457 3030 42 , , , 34457 3030 43 without without IN 34457 3030 44 having have VBG 34457 3030 45 recourse recourse NN 34457 3030 46 to to IN 34457 3030 47 analysis analysis NN 34457 3030 48 , , , 34457 3030 49 to to TO 34457 3030 50 decide decide VB 34457 3030 51 what what WP 34457 3030 52 solid solid JJ 34457 3030 53 phases phase NNS 34457 3030 54 are be VBP 34457 3030 55 formed form VBN 34457 3030 56 , , , 34457 3030 57 and and CC 34457 3030 58 what what WP 34457 3030 59 is be VBZ 34457 3030 60 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3030 61 composition composition NN 34457 3030 62 . . . 34457 3031 1 Formation formation NN 34457 3031 2 of of IN 34457 3031 3 Minerals.--Important Minerals.--Important NNP 34457 3031 4 and and CC 34457 3031 5 interesting interesting JJ 34457 3031 6 as as IN 34457 3031 7 is be VBZ 34457 3031 8 the the DT 34457 3031 9 application application NN 34457 3031 10 of of IN 34457 3031 11 the the DT 34457 3031 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 3031 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 3031 14 to to IN 34457 3031 15 the the DT 34457 3031 16 study study NN 34457 3031 17 of of IN 34457 3031 18 alloys alloy NNS 34457 3031 19 , , , 34457 3031 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3031 21 application application NN 34457 3031 22 to to IN 34457 3031 23 the the DT 34457 3031 24 study study NN 34457 3031 25 of of IN 34457 3031 26 the the DT 34457 3031 27 conditions condition NNS 34457 3031 28 regulating regulate VBG 34457 3031 29 the the DT 34457 3031 30 formation formation NN 34457 3031 31 of of IN 34457 3031 32 minerals mineral NNS 34457 3031 33 is be VBZ 34457 3031 34 no no RB 34457 3031 35 less less RBR 34457 3031 36 so so RB 34457 3031 37 ; ; : 34457 3031 38 and and CC 34457 3031 39 although although IN 34457 3031 40 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3031 41 do do VBP 34457 3031 42 not not RB 34457 3031 43 propose propose VB 34457 3031 44 to to TO 34457 3031 45 consider consider VB 34457 3031 46 different different JJ 34457 3031 47 cases case NNS 34457 3031 48 in in IN 34457 3031 49 detail detail NN 34457 3031 50 here here RB 34457 3031 51 , , , 34457 3031 52 still still RB 34457 3031 53 attention attention NN 34457 3031 54 must must MD 34457 3031 55 be be VB 34457 3031 56 drawn draw VBN 34457 3031 57 to to IN 34457 3031 58 certain certain JJ 34457 3031 59 points point NNS 34457 3031 60 connected connect VBN 34457 3031 61 with with IN 34457 3031 62 this this DT 34457 3031 63 interesting interesting JJ 34457 3031 64 subject subject NN 34457 3031 65 . . . 34457 3032 1 In in IN 34457 3032 2 the the DT 34457 3032 3 first first JJ 34457 3032 4 place place NN 34457 3032 5 , , , 34457 3032 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3032 7 will will MD 34457 3032 8 be be VB 34457 3032 9 evident evident JJ 34457 3032 10 from from IN 34457 3032 11 what what WP 34457 3032 12 has have VBZ 34457 3032 13 already already RB 34457 3032 14 been be VBN 34457 3032 15 said say VBN 34457 3032 16 , , , 34457 3032 17 that that IN 34457 3032 18 that that DT 34457 3032 19 mineral mineral NN 34457 3032 20 which which WDT 34457 3032 21 first first RB 34457 3032 22 crystallizes crystallize VBZ 34457 3032 23 out out RP 34457 3032 24 from from IN 34457 3032 25 a a DT 34457 3032 26 molten molten JJ 34457 3032 27 magma magma NN 34457 3032 28 is be VBZ 34457 3032 29 not not RB 34457 3032 30 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 3032 31 the the DT 34457 3032 32 one one NN 34457 3032 33 with with IN 34457 3032 34 the the DT 34457 3032 35 highest high JJS 34457 3032 36 melting melting NN 34457 3032 37 point point NN 34457 3032 38 . . . 34457 3033 1 The the DT 34457 3033 2 _ _ NNP 34457 3033 3 composition composition NN 34457 3033 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3033 5 of of IN 34457 3033 6 the the DT 34457 3033 7 fused fuse VBN 34457 3033 8 mass mass NN 34457 3033 9 must must MD 34457 3033 10 be be VB 34457 3033 11 taken take VBN 34457 3033 12 into into IN 34457 3033 13 account account NN 34457 3033 14 . . . 34457 3034 1 When when WRB 34457 3034 2 the the DT 34457 3034 3 system system NN 34457 3034 4 consists consist VBZ 34457 3034 5 of of IN 34457 3034 6 two two CD 34457 3034 7 components component NNS 34457 3034 8 which which WDT 34457 3034 9 do do VBP 34457 3034 10 not not RB 34457 3034 11 form form VB 34457 3034 12 a a DT 34457 3034 13 compound compound NN 34457 3034 14 , , , 34457 3034 15 one one CD 34457 3034 16 or or CC 34457 3034 17 other other JJ 34457 3034 18 of of IN 34457 3034 19 these these DT 34457 3034 20 will will MD 34457 3034 21 separate separate VB 34457 3034 22 out out RP 34457 3034 23 in in IN 34457 3034 24 a a DT 34457 3034 25 pure pure JJ 34457 3034 26 state state NN 34457 3034 27 , , , 34457 3034 28 according accord VBG 34457 3034 29 as as IN 34457 3034 30 the the DT 34457 3034 31 composition composition NN 34457 3034 32 of of IN 34457 3034 33 the the DT 34457 3034 34 molten molten JJ 34457 3034 35 mass mass NN 34457 3034 36 lies lie VBZ 34457 3034 37 on on IN 34457 3034 38 one one CD 34457 3034 39 or or CC 34457 3034 40 other other JJ 34457 3034 41 side side NN 34457 3034 42 of of IN 34457 3034 43 the the DT 34457 3034 44 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3034 45 composition composition NN 34457 3034 46 ; ; : 34457 3034 47 and and CC 34457 3034 48 the the DT 34457 3034 49 separation separation NN 34457 3034 50 of of IN 34457 3034 51 the the DT 34457 3034 52 one one CD 34457 3034 53 component component NN 34457 3034 54 will will MD 34457 3034 55 continue continue VB 34457 3034 56 until until IN 34457 3034 57 the the DT 34457 3034 58 composition composition NN 34457 3034 59 of of IN 34457 3034 60 the the DT 34457 3034 61 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3034 62 point point NN 34457 3034 63 is be VBZ 34457 3034 64 reached reach VBN 34457 3034 65 . . . 34457 3035 1 Further further JJ 34457 3035 2 cooling cooling NN 34457 3035 3 will will MD 34457 3035 4 then then RB 34457 3035 5 lead lead VB 34457 3035 6 to to IN 34457 3035 7 the the DT 34457 3035 8 simultaneous simultaneous JJ 34457 3035 9 separation separation NN 34457 3035 10 of of IN 34457 3035 11 the the DT 34457 3035 12 two two CD 34457 3035 13 components component NNS 34457 3035 14 . . . 34457 3036 1 If if IN 34457 3036 2 , , , 34457 3036 3 however however RB 34457 3036 4 , , , 34457 3036 5 the the DT 34457 3036 6 two two CD 34457 3036 7 components component NNS 34457 3036 8 form form VBP 34457 3036 9 a a DT 34457 3036 10 stable stable JJ 34457 3036 11 compound compound NN 34457 3036 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3036 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3036 14 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 3036 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3036 16 orthoclase orthoclase NNP 34457 3036 17 , , , 34457 3036 18 from from IN 34457 3036 19 a a DT 34457 3036 20 fused fuse VBN 34457 3036 21 mixture mixture NN 34457 3036 22 of of IN 34457 3036 23 silica silica NN 34457 3036 24 and and CC 34457 3036 25 potassium potassium NN 34457 3036 26 aluminate aluminate NNP 34457 3036 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3036 28 , , , 34457 3036 29 then then RB 34457 3036 30 the the DT 34457 3036 31 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3036 32 - - HYPH 34457 3036 33 point point NN 34457 3036 34 curve curve NN 34457 3036 35 will will MD 34457 3036 36 resemble resemble VB 34457 3036 37 that that IN 34457 3036 38 { { -LRB- 34457 3036 39 233 233 CD 34457 3036 40 } } -RRB- 34457 3036 41 shown show VBN 34457 3036 42 in in IN 34457 3036 43 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3036 44 . . . 34457 3037 1 64 64 CD 34457 3037 2 ; ; : 34457 3037 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3037 4 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 3037 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3037 6 there there EX 34457 3037 7 will will MD 34457 3037 8 be be VB 34457 3037 9 a a DT 34457 3037 10 middle middle JJ 34457 3037 11 curve curve NN 34457 3037 12 possessing possess VBG 34457 3037 13 a a DT 34457 3037 14 dystectic dystectic JJ 34457 3037 15 point point NN 34457 3037 16 , , , 34457 3037 17 and and CC 34457 3037 18 ending end VBG 34457 3037 19 on on IN 34457 3037 20 either either DT 34457 3037 21 side side NN 34457 3037 22 at at IN 34457 3037 23 a a DT 34457 3037 24 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3037 25 point point NN 34457 3037 26 . . . 34457 3038 1 This this DT 34457 3038 2 curve curve NN 34457 3038 3 would would MD 34457 3038 4 represent represent VB 34457 3038 5 the the DT 34457 3038 6 conditions condition NNS 34457 3038 7 under under IN 34457 3038 8 which which WDT 34457 3038 9 orthoclase orthoclase NNP 34457 3038 10 is be VBZ 34457 3038 11 in in IN 34457 3038 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3038 13 with with IN 34457 3038 14 the the DT 34457 3038 15 molten molten JJ 34457 3038 16 magma magma NN 34457 3038 17 . . . 34457 3039 1 If if IN 34457 3039 2 the the DT 34457 3039 3 initial initial JJ 34457 3039 4 composition composition NN 34457 3039 5 of of IN 34457 3039 6 the the DT 34457 3039 7 magma magma NNP 34457 3039 8 is be VBZ 34457 3039 9 represented represent VBN 34457 3039 10 by by IN 34457 3039 11 a a DT 34457 3039 12 point point NN 34457 3039 13 between between IN 34457 3039 14 the the DT 34457 3039 15 two two CD 34457 3039 16 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3039 17 points point NNS 34457 3039 18 , , , 34457 3039 19 orthoclase orthoclase NNP 34457 3039 20 will will MD 34457 3039 21 separate separate VB 34457 3039 22 first first RB 34457 3039 23 . . . 34457 3040 1 The the DT 34457 3040 2 composition composition NN 34457 3040 3 of of IN 34457 3040 4 the the DT 34457 3040 5 magma magma NNP 34457 3040 6 will will MD 34457 3040 7 thereby thereby RB 34457 3040 8 change change VB 34457 3040 9 , , , 34457 3040 10 and and CC 34457 3040 11 the the DT 34457 3040 12 mass mass NN 34457 3040 13 will will MD 34457 3040 14 finally finally RB 34457 3040 15 solidify solidify VB 34457 3040 16 to to IN 34457 3040 17 a a DT 34457 3040 18 mixture mixture NN 34457 3040 19 of of IN 34457 3040 20 orthoclase orthoclase NN 34457 3040 21 and and CC 34457 3040 22 silica silica NN 34457 3040 23 , , , 34457 3040 24 or or CC 34457 3040 25 orthoclase orthoclase NN 34457 3040 26 and and CC 34457 3040 27 potassium potassium NN 34457 3040 28 aluminate aluminate RB 34457 3040 29 , , , 34457 3040 30 according accord VBG 34457 3040 31 to to IN 34457 3040 32 the the DT 34457 3040 33 initial initial JJ 34457 3040 34 composition composition NN 34457 3040 35 . . . 34457 3041 1 What what WP 34457 3041 2 has have VBZ 34457 3041 3 just just RB 34457 3041 4 been be VBN 34457 3041 5 said say VBN 34457 3041 6 holds hold VBZ 34457 3041 7 , , , 34457 3041 8 however however RB 34457 3041 9 , , , 34457 3041 10 only only RB 34457 3041 11 for for IN 34457 3041 12 stable stable JJ 34457 3041 13 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 3041 14 , , , 34457 3041 15 and and CC 34457 3041 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3041 17 must must MD 34457 3041 18 not not RB 34457 3041 19 be be VB 34457 3041 20 forgotten forget VBN 34457 3041 21 that that IN 34457 3041 22 complications complication NNS 34457 3041 23 can can MD 34457 3041 24 arise arise VB 34457 3041 25 owing owing NN 34457 3041 26 to to IN 34457 3041 27 suspended suspend VBN 34457 3041 28 transformation transformation NN 34457 3041 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3041 30 when when WRB 34457 3041 31 , , , 34457 3041 32 for for IN 34457 3041 33 example example NN 34457 3041 34 , , , 34457 3041 35 the the DT 34457 3041 36 magma magma NNP 34457 3041 37 is be VBZ 34457 3041 38 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 3041 39 cooled cool VBN 34457 3041 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3041 41 and and CC 34457 3041 42 the the DT 34457 3041 43 production production NN 34457 3041 44 of of IN 34457 3041 45 metastable metastable JJ 34457 3041 46 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 3041 47 . . . 34457 3042 1 These these DT 34457 3042 2 conditions condition NNS 34457 3042 3 occur occur VBP 34457 3042 4 very very RB 34457 3042 5 frequently frequently RB 34457 3042 6 in in IN 34457 3042 7 nature nature NN 34457 3042 8 . . . 34457 3043 1 The the DT 34457 3043 2 study study NN 34457 3043 3 of of IN 34457 3043 4 the the DT 34457 3043 5 formation formation NN 34457 3043 6 of of IN 34457 3043 7 minerals mineral NNS 34457 3043 8 from from IN 34457 3043 9 the the DT 34457 3043 10 point point NN 34457 3043 11 of of IN 34457 3043 12 view view NN 34457 3043 13 of of IN 34457 3043 14 the the DT 34457 3043 15 Phase Phase NNP 34457 3043 16 Rule Rule NNP 34457 3043 17 is be VBZ 34457 3043 18 still still RB 34457 3043 19 in in IN 34457 3043 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3043 21 initial initial JJ 34457 3043 22 stages stage NNS 34457 3043 23 , , , 34457 3043 24 but but CC 34457 3043 25 the the DT 34457 3043 26 results result NNS 34457 3043 27 which which WDT 34457 3043 28 have have VBP 34457 3043 29 already already RB 34457 3043 30 been be VBN 34457 3043 31 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3043 32 give give VBP 34457 3043 33 promise promise NN 34457 3043 34 of of IN 34457 3043 35 a a DT 34457 3043 36 rich rich JJ 34457 3043 37 harvest harvest NN 34457 3043 38 in in IN 34457 3043 39 the the DT 34457 3043 40 future future NN 34457 3043 41 . . . 34457 3044 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3044 2 316 316 CD 34457 3044 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3044 4 * * NFP 34457 3044 5 * * NFP 34457 3044 6 * * NFP 34457 3044 7 * * NFP 34457 3044 8 * * NFP 34457 3044 9 { { -LRB- 34457 3044 10 234 234 CD 34457 3044 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3044 12 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 3044 13 XIII xiii NN 34457 3044 14 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 3044 15 OF of IN 34457 3044 16 THREE three CD 34457 3044 17 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 3044 18 General.--It General.--It NNP 34457 3044 19 has have VBZ 34457 3044 20 already already RB 34457 3044 21 been be VBN 34457 3044 22 made make VBN 34457 3044 23 evident evident JJ 34457 3044 24 that that IN 34457 3044 25 an an DT 34457 3044 26 increase increase NN 34457 3044 27 in in IN 34457 3044 28 the the DT 34457 3044 29 number number NN 34457 3044 30 of of IN 34457 3044 31 the the DT 34457 3044 32 components component NNS 34457 3044 33 from from IN 34457 3044 34 one one CD 34457 3044 35 to to TO 34457 3044 36 two two CD 34457 3044 37 gives give VBZ 34457 3044 38 rise rise NN 34457 3044 39 to to IN 34457 3044 40 a a DT 34457 3044 41 considerable considerable JJ 34457 3044 42 increase increase NN 34457 3044 43 in in IN 34457 3044 44 the the DT 34457 3044 45 possible possible JJ 34457 3044 46 number number NN 34457 3044 47 of of IN 34457 3044 48 systems system NNS 34457 3044 49 , , , 34457 3044 50 and and CC 34457 3044 51 introduces introduce VBZ 34457 3044 52 not not RB 34457 3044 53 a a DT 34457 3044 54 few few JJ 34457 3044 55 complications complication NNS 34457 3044 56 into into IN 34457 3044 57 the the DT 34457 3044 58 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3044 59 relations relation NNS 34457 3044 60 of of IN 34457 3044 61 these these DT 34457 3044 62 . . . 34457 3045 1 No no DT 34457 3045 2 less less JJR 34457 3045 3 is be VBZ 34457 3045 4 this this DT 34457 3045 5 the the DT 34457 3045 6 case case NN 34457 3045 7 when when WRB 34457 3045 8 the the DT 34457 3045 9 number number NN 34457 3045 10 of of IN 34457 3045 11 components component NNS 34457 3045 12 increases increase NNS 34457 3045 13 from from IN 34457 3045 14 two two CD 34457 3045 15 to to IN 34457 3045 16 three three CD 34457 3045 17 ; ; : 34457 3045 18 and and CC 34457 3045 19 although although IN 34457 3045 20 examples example NNS 34457 3045 21 of of IN 34457 3045 22 all all PDT 34457 3045 23 the the DT 34457 3045 24 possible possible JJ 34457 3045 25 types type NNS 34457 3045 26 of of IN 34457 3045 27 systems system NNS 34457 3045 28 of of IN 34457 3045 29 three three CD 34457 3045 30 components component NNS 34457 3045 31 have have VBP 34457 3045 32 not not RB 34457 3045 33 been be VBN 34457 3045 34 investigated investigate VBN 34457 3045 35 , , , 34457 3045 36 nor nor CC 34457 3045 37 , , , 34457 3045 38 indeed indeed RB 34457 3045 39 , , , 34457 3045 40 any any DT 34457 3045 41 one one CD 34457 3045 42 type type NN 34457 3045 43 fully fully RB 34457 3045 44 , , , 34457 3045 45 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 3045 46 , , , 34457 3045 47 among among IN 34457 3045 48 the the DT 34457 3045 49 systems system NNS 34457 3045 50 which which WDT 34457 3045 51 have have VBP 34457 3045 52 been be VBN 34457 3045 53 studied study VBN 34457 3045 54 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 3045 55 , , , 34457 3045 56 cases case NNS 34457 3045 57 occur occur VBP 34457 3045 58 which which WDT 34457 3045 59 not not RB 34457 3045 60 only only RB 34457 3045 61 possess possess VBP 34457 3045 62 a a DT 34457 3045 63 high high JJ 34457 3045 64 scientific scientific JJ 34457 3045 65 interest interest NN 34457 3045 66 , , , 34457 3045 67 but but CC 34457 3045 68 are be VBP 34457 3045 69 also also RB 34457 3045 70 of of IN 34457 3045 71 great great JJ 34457 3045 72 industrial industrial JJ 34457 3045 73 importance importance NN 34457 3045 74 . . . 34457 3046 1 On on IN 34457 3046 2 account account NN 34457 3046 3 not not RB 34457 3046 4 only only RB 34457 3046 5 of of IN 34457 3046 6 the the DT 34457 3046 7 number number NN 34457 3046 8 , , , 34457 3046 9 but but CC 34457 3046 10 more more RBR 34457 3046 11 especially especially RB 34457 3046 12 of of IN 34457 3046 13 the the DT 34457 3046 14 complexity complexity NN 34457 3046 15 of of IN 34457 3046 16 the the DT 34457 3046 17 systems system NNS 34457 3046 18 constituted constitute VBD 34457 3046 19 of of IN 34457 3046 20 three three CD 34457 3046 21 components component NNS 34457 3046 22 , , , 34457 3046 23 no no DT 34457 3046 24 attempt attempt NN 34457 3046 25 will will MD 34457 3046 26 be be VB 34457 3046 27 made make VBN 34457 3046 28 to to TO 34457 3046 29 give give VB 34457 3046 30 a a DT 34457 3046 31 full full JJ 34457 3046 32 account account NN 34457 3046 33 , , , 34457 3046 34 or or CC 34457 3046 35 , , , 34457 3046 36 indeed indeed RB 34457 3046 37 , , , 34457 3046 38 even even RB 34457 3046 39 a a DT 34457 3046 40 survey survey NN 34457 3046 41 of of IN 34457 3046 42 all all PDT 34457 3046 43 the the DT 34457 3046 44 cases case NNS 34457 3046 45 which which WDT 34457 3046 46 have have VBP 34457 3046 47 been be VBN 34457 3046 48 subjected subject VBN 34457 3046 49 to to IN 34457 3046 50 a a DT 34457 3046 51 more more RBR 34457 3046 52 or or CC 34457 3046 53 less less RBR 34457 3046 54 complete complete JJ 34457 3046 55 experimental experimental JJ 34457 3046 56 investigation investigation NN 34457 3046 57 ; ; : 34457 3046 58 on on IN 34457 3046 59 the the DT 34457 3046 60 contrary contrary NN 34457 3046 61 , , , 34457 3046 62 only only RB 34457 3046 63 a a DT 34457 3046 64 few few JJ 34457 3046 65 of of IN 34457 3046 66 the the DT 34457 3046 67 more more RBR 34457 3046 68 important important JJ 34457 3046 69 classes class NNS 34457 3046 70 will will MD 34457 3046 71 be be VB 34457 3046 72 selected select VBN 34457 3046 73 , , , 34457 3046 74 and and CC 34457 3046 75 the the DT 34457 3046 76 most most RBS 34457 3046 77 important important JJ 34457 3046 78 points point NNS 34457 3046 79 in in IN 34457 3046 80 connection connection NN 34457 3046 81 with with IN 34457 3046 82 the the DT 34457 3046 83 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3046 84 of of IN 34457 3046 85 these these DT 34457 3046 86 described describe VBN 34457 3046 87 . . . 34457 3047 1 On on IN 34457 3047 2 applying apply VBG 34457 3047 3 the the DT 34457 3047 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 3047 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 3047 6 P p NN 34457 3047 7 + + CC 34457 3047 8 F f NN 34457 3047 9 = = SYM 34457 3047 10 C c NN 34457 3047 11 + + CC 34457 3047 12 2 2 CD 34457 3047 13 to to IN 34457 3047 14 the the DT 34457 3047 15 systems system NNS 34457 3047 16 of of IN 34457 3047 17 three three CD 34457 3047 18 components component NNS 34457 3047 19 , , , 34457 3047 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3047 21 see see VBP 34457 3047 22 that that IN 34457 3047 23 in in IN 34457 3047 24 order order NN 34457 3047 25 that that IN 34457 3047 26 the the DT 34457 3047 27 system system NN 34457 3047 28 shall shall MD 34457 3047 29 be be VB 34457 3047 30 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3047 31 , , , 34457 3047 32 no no RB 34457 3047 33 fewer few JJR 34457 3047 34 than than IN 34457 3047 35 five five CD 34457 3047 36 phases phase NNS 34457 3047 37 must must MD 34457 3047 38 be be VB 34457 3047 39 present present JJ 34457 3047 40 together together RB 34457 3047 41 , , , 34457 3047 42 and and CC 34457 3047 43 an an DT 34457 3047 44 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3047 45 system system NN 34457 3047 46 will will MD 34457 3047 47 therefore therefore RB 34457 3047 48 exist exist VB 34457 3047 49 at at IN 34457 3047 50 a a DT 34457 3047 51 _ _ NNP 34457 3047 52 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 3047 53 _ _ NNP 34457 3047 54 point point NN 34457 3047 55 . . . 34457 3048 1 Since since IN 34457 3048 2 the the DT 34457 3048 3 number number NN 34457 3048 4 of of IN 34457 3048 5 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3048 6 phases phase NNS 34457 3048 7 can can MD 34457 3048 8 never never RB 34457 3048 9 exceed exceed VB 34457 3048 10 the the DT 34457 3048 11 number number NN 34457 3048 12 of of IN 34457 3048 13 the the DT 34457 3048 14 components component NNS 34457 3048 15 , , , 34457 3048 16 and and CC 34457 3048 17 since since IN 34457 3048 18 there there EX 34457 3048 19 can can MD 34457 3048 20 be be VB 34457 3048 21 only only RB 34457 3048 22 one one CD 34457 3048 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 3048 24 phase phase NN 34457 3048 25 , , , 34457 3048 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3048 27 is be VBZ 34457 3048 28 evident evident JJ 34457 3048 29 that that IN 34457 3048 30 in in IN 34457 3048 31 this this DT 34457 3048 32 case case NN 34457 3048 33 , , , 34457 3048 34 { { -LRB- 34457 3048 35 235 235 CD 34457 3048 36 } } -RRB- 34457 3048 37 as as IN 34457 3048 38 in in IN 34457 3048 39 others other NNS 34457 3048 40 , , , 34457 3048 41 there there EX 34457 3048 42 must must MD 34457 3048 43 always always RB 34457 3048 44 be be VB 34457 3048 45 at at RB 34457 3048 46 least least JJS 34457 3048 47 one one CD 34457 3048 48 solid solid JJ 34457 3048 49 phase phase NN 34457 3048 50 present present JJ 34457 3048 51 at at IN 34457 3048 52 the the DT 34457 3048 53 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 3048 54 point point NN 34457 3048 55 . . . 34457 3049 1 As as IN 34457 3049 2 the the DT 34457 3049 3 number number NN 34457 3049 4 of of IN 34457 3049 5 phases phase NNS 34457 3049 6 diminishes diminishe NNS 34457 3049 7 , , , 34457 3049 8 the the DT 34457 3049 9 variability variability NN 34457 3049 10 of of IN 34457 3049 11 the the DT 34457 3049 12 system system NN 34457 3049 13 can can MD 34457 3049 14 increase increase VB 34457 3049 15 from from IN 34457 3049 16 one one CD 34457 3049 17 to to IN 34457 3049 18 four four CD 34457 3049 19 , , , 34457 3049 20 so so IN 34457 3049 21 that that IN 34457 3049 22 in in IN 34457 3049 23 the the DT 34457 3049 24 last last JJ 34457 3049 25 case case NN 34457 3049 26 the the DT 34457 3049 27 condition condition NN 34457 3049 28 of of IN 34457 3049 29 the the DT 34457 3049 30 system system NN 34457 3049 31 will will MD 34457 3049 32 not not RB 34457 3049 33 be be VB 34457 3049 34 completely completely RB 34457 3049 35 defined define VBN 34457 3049 36 until until IN 34457 3049 37 not not RB 34457 3049 38 only only RB 34457 3049 39 the the DT 34457 3049 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 3049 41 and and CC 34457 3049 42 the the DT 34457 3049 43 total total JJ 34457 3049 44 pressure pressure NN 34457 3049 45 of of IN 34457 3049 46 the the DT 34457 3049 47 system system NN 34457 3049 48 , , , 34457 3049 49 but but CC 34457 3049 50 also also RB 34457 3049 51 the the DT 34457 3049 52 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3049 53 of of IN 34457 3049 54 two two CD 34457 3049 55 of of IN 34457 3049 56 the the DT 34457 3049 57 components component NNS 34457 3049 58 have have VBP 34457 3049 59 been be VBN 34457 3049 60 fixed fix VBN 34457 3049 61 . . . 34457 3050 1 Or or CC 34457 3050 2 , , , 34457 3050 3 instead instead RB 34457 3050 4 of of IN 34457 3050 5 the the DT 34457 3050 6 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3050 7 , , , 34457 3050 8 the the DT 34457 3050 9 partial partial JJ 34457 3050 10 pressures pressure NNS 34457 3050 11 of of IN 34457 3050 12 the the DT 34457 3050 13 components component NNS 34457 3050 14 may may MD 34457 3050 15 also also RB 34457 3050 16 be be VB 34457 3050 17 taken take VBN 34457 3050 18 as as IN 34457 3050 19 independent independent JJ 34457 3050 20 variables variable NNS 34457 3050 21 . . . 34457 3051 1 Graphic Graphic NNP 34457 3051 2 Representation.--Hitherto representation.--hitherto CD 34457 3051 3 the the DT 34457 3051 4 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3051 5 of of IN 34457 3051 6 the the DT 34457 3051 7 components component NNS 34457 3051 8 have have VBP 34457 3051 9 been be VBN 34457 3051 10 represented represent VBN 34457 3051 11 by by IN 34457 3051 12 means mean NNS 34457 3051 13 of of IN 34457 3051 14 rectangular rectangular JJ 34457 3051 15 co co NNS 34457 3051 16 - - NNS 34457 3051 17 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3051 18 , , , 34457 3051 19 although although IN 34457 3051 20 the the DT 34457 3051 21 numerical numerical JJ 34457 3051 22 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3051 23 have have VBP 34457 3051 24 been be VBN 34457 3051 25 expressed express VBN 34457 3051 26 in in IN 34457 3051 27 two two CD 34457 3051 28 different different JJ 34457 3051 29 ways way NNS 34457 3051 30 . . . 34457 3052 1 In in IN 34457 3052 2 the the DT 34457 3052 3 one one CD 34457 3052 4 case case NN 34457 3052 5 , , , 34457 3052 6 the the DT 34457 3052 7 concentration concentration NN 34457 3052 8 of of IN 34457 3052 9 the the DT 34457 3052 10 one one CD 34457 3052 11 component component NN 34457 3052 12 was be VBD 34457 3052 13 expressed express VBN 34457 3052 14 in in IN 34457 3052 15 terms term NNS 34457 3052 16 of of IN 34457 3052 17 a a DT 34457 3052 18 fixed fix VBN 34457 3052 19 amount amount NN 34457 3052 20 of of IN 34457 3052 21 the the DT 34457 3052 22 other other JJ 34457 3052 23 component component NN 34457 3052 24 . . . 34457 3053 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3053 2 , , , 34457 3053 3 the the DT 34457 3053 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 3053 5 of of IN 34457 3053 6 a a DT 34457 3053 7 salt salt NN 34457 3053 8 was be VBD 34457 3053 9 expressed express VBN 34457 3053 10 by by IN 34457 3053 11 the the DT 34457 3053 12 number number NN 34457 3053 13 of of IN 34457 3053 14 grams gram NNS 34457 3053 15 of of IN 34457 3053 16 salt salt NN 34457 3053 17 dissolved dissolve VBN 34457 3053 18 by by IN 34457 3053 19 100 100 CD 34457 3053 20 grams gram NNS 34457 3053 21 of of IN 34457 3053 22 water water NN 34457 3053 23 or or CC 34457 3053 24 other other JJ 34457 3053 25 solvent solvent NN 34457 3053 26 ; ; : 34457 3053 27 and and CC 34457 3053 28 the the DT 34457 3053 29 numbers number NNS 34457 3053 30 so so RB 34457 3053 31 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3053 32 were be VBD 34457 3053 33 measured measure VBN 34457 3053 34 along along IN 34457 3053 35 one one CD 34457 3053 36 of of IN 34457 3053 37 the the DT 34457 3053 38 co co NNS 34457 3053 39 - - NNS 34457 3053 40 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3053 41 . . . 34457 3054 1 The the DT 34457 3054 2 second second JJ 34457 3054 3 co co NN 34457 3054 4 - - NN 34457 3054 5 ordinate ordinate NN 34457 3054 6 was be VBD 34457 3054 7 then then RB 34457 3054 8 employed employ VBN 34457 3054 9 to to TO 34457 3054 10 indicate indicate VB 34457 3054 11 the the DT 34457 3054 12 change change NN 34457 3054 13 of of IN 34457 3054 14 another another DT 34457 3054 15 independent independent JJ 34457 3054 16 variable variable NN 34457 3054 17 , , , 34457 3054 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3054 19 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3054 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3054 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3054 22 . . . 34457 3055 1 In in IN 34457 3055 2 the the DT 34457 3055 3 other other JJ 34457 3055 4 case case NN 34457 3055 5 , , , 34457 3055 6 the the DT 34457 3055 7 combined combine VBN 34457 3055 8 weights weight NNS 34457 3055 9 of of IN 34457 3055 10 the the DT 34457 3055 11 two two CD 34457 3055 12 components component NNS 34457 3055 13 A a NN 34457 3055 14 and and CC 34457 3055 15 B b NN 34457 3055 16 were be VBD 34457 3055 17 put put VBN 34457 3055 18 equal equal JJ 34457 3055 19 to to IN 34457 3055 20 unity unity NN 34457 3055 21 , , , 34457 3055 22 and and CC 34457 3055 23 the the DT 34457 3055 24 concentration concentration NN 34457 3055 25 of of IN 34457 3055 26 the the DT 34457 3055 27 one one NN 34457 3055 28 expressed express VBN 34457 3055 29 as as IN 34457 3055 30 a a DT 34457 3055 31 fraction fraction NN 34457 3055 32 of of IN 34457 3055 33 the the DT 34457 3055 34 whole whole JJ 34457 3055 35 amount amount NN 34457 3055 36 . . . 34457 3056 1 This this DT 34457 3056 2 method method NN 34457 3056 3 allows allow VBZ 34457 3056 4 of of IN 34457 3056 5 the the DT 34457 3056 6 representation representation NN 34457 3056 7 of of IN 34457 3056 8 the the DT 34457 3056 9 complete complete JJ 34457 3056 10 series series NN 34457 3056 11 of of IN 34457 3056 12 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3056 13 , , , 34457 3056 14 from from IN 34457 3056 15 pure pure JJ 34457 3056 16 A A NNP 34457 3056 17 to to TO 34457 3056 18 pure pure JJ 34457 3056 19 B b NN 34457 3056 20 , , , 34457 3056 21 and and CC 34457 3056 22 was be VBD 34457 3056 23 employed employ VBN 34457 3056 24 , , , 34457 3056 25 for for IN 34457 3056 26 example example NN 34457 3056 27 , , , 34457 3056 28 in in IN 34457 3056 29 the the DT 34457 3056 30 graphic graphic JJ 34457 3056 31 representation representation NN 34457 3056 32 of of IN 34457 3056 33 the the DT 34457 3056 34 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3056 35 point point NN 34457 3056 36 curves curve NNS 34457 3056 37 . . . 34457 3057 1 Even even RB 34457 3057 2 in in IN 34457 3057 3 the the DT 34457 3057 4 case case NN 34457 3057 5 of of IN 34457 3057 6 three three CD 34457 3057 7 components component NNS 34457 3057 8 rectangular rectangular JJ 34457 3057 9 co co NNS 34457 3057 10 - - NNS 34457 3057 11 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3057 12 can can MD 34457 3057 13 also also RB 34457 3057 14 be be VB 34457 3057 15 employed employ VBN 34457 3057 16 , , , 34457 3057 17 and and CC 34457 3057 18 , , , 34457 3057 19 indeed indeed RB 34457 3057 20 , , , 34457 3057 21 are be VBP 34457 3057 22 the the DT 34457 3057 23 most most RBS 34457 3057 24 convenient convenient JJ 34457 3057 25 in in IN 34457 3057 26 those those DT 34457 3057 27 cases case NNS 34457 3057 28 where where WRB 34457 3057 29 the the DT 34457 3057 30 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3057 31 of of IN 34457 3057 32 two two CD 34457 3057 33 of of IN 34457 3057 34 the the DT 34457 3057 35 components component NNS 34457 3057 36 to to IN 34457 3057 37 one one CD 34457 3057 38 another another DT 34457 3057 39 is be VBZ 34457 3057 40 very very RB 34457 3057 41 different different JJ 34457 3057 42 from from IN 34457 3057 43 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3057 44 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3057 45 to to IN 34457 3057 46 the the DT 34457 3057 47 third third JJ 34457 3057 48 component component NN 34457 3057 49 ; ; : 34457 3057 50 as as IN 34457 3057 51 , , , 34457 3057 52 for for IN 34457 3057 53 example example NN 34457 3057 54 , , , 34457 3057 55 in in IN 34457 3057 56 the the DT 34457 3057 57 case case NN 34457 3057 58 of of IN 34457 3057 59 two two CD 34457 3057 60 salts salt NNS 34457 3057 61 and and CC 34457 3057 62 water water NN 34457 3057 63 . . . 34457 3058 1 In in IN 34457 3058 2 these these DT 34457 3058 3 cases case NNS 34457 3058 4 , , , 34457 3058 5 the the DT 34457 3058 6 composition composition NN 34457 3058 7 of of IN 34457 3058 8 the the DT 34457 3058 9 system system NN 34457 3058 10 can can MD 34457 3058 11 be be VB 34457 3058 12 represented represent VBN 34457 3058 13 by by IN 34457 3058 14 measuring measure VBG 34457 3058 15 the the DT 34457 3058 16 amounts amount NNS 34457 3058 17 of of IN 34457 3058 18 each each DT 34457 3058 19 of of IN 34457 3058 20 the the DT 34457 3058 21 two two CD 34457 3058 22 components component NNS 34457 3058 23 in in IN 34457 3058 24 a a DT 34457 3058 25 given give VBN 34457 3058 26 weight weight NN 34457 3058 27 of of IN 34457 3058 28 the the DT 34457 3058 29 third third JJ 34457 3058 30 , , , 34457 3058 31 along along IN 34457 3058 32 two two CD 34457 3058 33 co co NNS 34457 3058 34 - - NNS 34457 3058 35 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3058 36 at at IN 34457 3058 37 right right JJ 34457 3058 38 angles angle NNS 34457 3058 39 to to IN 34457 3058 40 one one CD 34457 3058 41 another another DT 34457 3058 42 ; ; : 34457 3058 43 and and CC 34457 3058 44 the the DT 34457 3058 45 change change NN 34457 3058 46 of of IN 34457 3058 47 the the DT 34457 3058 48 system system NN 34457 3058 49 with with IN 34457 3058 50 the the DT 34457 3058 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 3058 52 can can MD 34457 3058 53 then then RB 34457 3058 54 be be VB 34457 3058 55 represented represent VBN 34457 3058 56 by by IN 34457 3058 57 a a DT 34457 3058 58 third third JJ 34457 3058 59 axis axis NN 34457 3058 60 at at IN 34457 3058 61 right right JJ 34457 3058 62 angles angle NNS 34457 3058 63 to to IN 34457 3058 64 the the DT 34457 3058 65 first first JJ 34457 3058 66 two two CD 34457 3058 67 . . . 34457 3059 1 In in IN 34457 3059 2 those those DT 34457 3059 3 cases case NNS 34457 3059 4 , , , 34457 3059 5 { { -LRB- 34457 3059 6 236 236 CD 34457 3059 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3059 8 however however RB 34457 3059 9 , , , 34457 3059 10 where where WRB 34457 3059 11 the the DT 34457 3059 12 three three CD 34457 3059 13 components component NNS 34457 3059 14 behave behave VBP 34457 3059 15 in in IN 34457 3059 16 much much RB 34457 3059 17 the the DT 34457 3059 18 same same JJ 34457 3059 19 manner manner NN 34457 3059 20 towards towards IN 34457 3059 21 one one CD 34457 3059 22 another another DT 34457 3059 23 , , , 34457 3059 24 the the DT 34457 3059 25 rectangular rectangular JJ 34457 3059 26 co co NNS 34457 3059 27 - - NNS 34457 3059 28 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3059 29 are be VBP 34457 3059 30 not not RB 34457 3059 31 at at RB 34457 3059 32 all all RB 34457 3059 33 suitable suitable JJ 34457 3059 34 , , , 34457 3059 35 and and CC 34457 3059 36 instead instead RB 34457 3059 37 of of IN 34457 3059 38 these these DT 34457 3059 39 a a DT 34457 3059 40 _ _ NNP 34457 3059 41 triangular triangular NNP 34457 3059 42 diagram diagram NN 34457 3059 43 _ _ NNP 34457 3059 44 is be VBZ 34457 3059 45 employed employ VBN 34457 3059 46 . . . 34457 3060 1 Various various JJ 34457 3060 2 methods method NNS 34457 3060 3 have have VBP 34457 3060 4 been be VBN 34457 3060 5 proposed propose VBN 34457 3060 6 for for IN 34457 3060 7 the the DT 34457 3060 8 graphic graphic JJ 34457 3060 9 representation representation NN 34457 3060 10 of of IN 34457 3060 11 systems system NNS 34457 3060 12 of of IN 34457 3060 13 three three CD 34457 3060 14 components component NNS 34457 3060 15 by by IN 34457 3060 16 means mean NNS 34457 3060 17 of of IN 34457 3060 18 a a DT 34457 3060 19 triangle triangle NN 34457 3060 20 , , , 34457 3060 21 but but CC 34457 3060 22 only only RB 34457 3060 23 two two CD 34457 3060 24 of of IN 34457 3060 25 these these DT 34457 3060 26 have have VBP 34457 3060 27 been be VBN 34457 3060 28 employed employ VBN 34457 3060 29 to to IN 34457 3060 30 any any DT 34457 3060 31 considerable considerable JJ 34457 3060 32 extent extent NN 34457 3060 33 ; ; : 34457 3060 34 and and CC 34457 3060 35 a a DT 34457 3060 36 short short JJ 34457 3060 37 description description NN 34457 3060 38 of of IN 34457 3060 39 these these DT 34457 3060 40 two two CD 34457 3060 41 methods method NNS 34457 3060 42 will will MD 34457 3060 43 therefore therefore RB 34457 3060 44 suffice suffice VB 34457 3060 45 . . . 34457 3061 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3061 2 317 317 CD 34457 3061 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3061 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3061 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3061 6 : : : 34457 3061 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3061 8 . . . 34457 3062 1 80 80 CD 34457 3062 2 . . . 34457 3062 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3063 1 In in IN 34457 3063 2 the the DT 34457 3063 3 method method NN 34457 3063 4 proposed propose VBN 34457 3063 5 by by IN 34457 3063 6 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 34457 3063 7 an an DT 34457 3063 8 equilateral equilateral JJ 34457 3063 9 triangle triangle NN 34457 3063 10 of of IN 34457 3063 11 unit unit NN 34457 3063 12 height height NN 34457 3063 13 is be VBZ 34457 3063 14 used use VBN 34457 3063 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3063 16 Fig fig NN 34457 3063 17 80 80 CD 34457 3063 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3063 19 . . . 34457 3064 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3064 2 318 318 CD 34457 3064 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3064 4 The the DT 34457 3064 5 quantities quantity NNS 34457 3064 6 of of IN 34457 3064 7 the the DT 34457 3064 8 different different JJ 34457 3064 9 components component NNS 34457 3064 10 are be VBP 34457 3064 11 expressed express VBN 34457 3064 12 as as IN 34457 3064 13 fractional fractional JJ 34457 3064 14 parts part NNS 34457 3064 15 of of IN 34457 3064 16 the the DT 34457 3064 17 whole whole NN 34457 3064 18 , , , 34457 3064 19 and and CC 34457 3064 20 the the DT 34457 3064 21 sum sum NN 34457 3064 22 of of IN 34457 3064 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3064 24 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3064 25 is be VBZ 34457 3064 26 therefore therefore RB 34457 3064 27 equal equal JJ 34457 3064 28 to to IN 34457 3064 29 unity unity NN 34457 3064 30 , , , 34457 3064 31 and and CC 34457 3064 32 can can MD 34457 3064 33 be be VB 34457 3064 34 represented represent VBN 34457 3064 35 by by IN 34457 3064 36 the the DT 34457 3064 37 height height NN 34457 3064 38 of of IN 34457 3064 39 the the DT 34457 3064 40 triangle triangle NN 34457 3064 41 . . . 34457 3065 1 The the DT 34457 3065 2 corners corner NNS 34457 3065 3 { { -LRB- 34457 3065 4 237 237 CD 34457 3065 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3065 6 of of IN 34457 3065 7 the the DT 34457 3065 8 triangle triangle NN 34457 3065 9 represent represent VBP 34457 3065 10 the the DT 34457 3065 11 pure pure JJ 34457 3065 12 substances substance NNS 34457 3065 13 A a NN 34457 3065 14 , , , 34457 3065 15 B b NN 34457 3065 16 , , , 34457 3065 17 and and CC 34457 3065 18 C C NNP 34457 3065 19 respectively respectively RB 34457 3065 20 . . . 34457 3066 1 A a DT 34457 3066 2 point point NN 34457 3066 3 on on IN 34457 3066 4 one one CD 34457 3066 5 of of IN 34457 3066 6 the the DT 34457 3066 7 sides side NNS 34457 3066 8 of of IN 34457 3066 9 the the DT 34457 3066 10 triangle triangle NN 34457 3066 11 will will MD 34457 3066 12 give give VB 34457 3066 13 the the DT 34457 3066 14 composition composition NN 34457 3066 15 of of IN 34457 3066 16 a a DT 34457 3066 17 mixture mixture NN 34457 3066 18 in in IN 34457 3066 19 which which WDT 34457 3066 20 only only RB 34457 3066 21 two two CD 34457 3066 22 components component NNS 34457 3066 23 are be VBP 34457 3066 24 present present JJ 34457 3066 25 , , , 34457 3066 26 while while IN 34457 3066 27 a a DT 34457 3066 28 point point NN 34457 3066 29 within within IN 34457 3066 30 the the DT 34457 3066 31 triangle triangle NN 34457 3066 32 will will MD 34457 3066 33 represent represent VB 34457 3066 34 the the DT 34457 3066 35 composition composition NN 34457 3066 36 of of IN 34457 3066 37 a a DT 34457 3066 38 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3066 39 mixture mixture NN 34457 3066 40 . . . 34457 3067 1 Since since IN 34457 3067 2 every every DT 34457 3067 3 point point NN 34457 3067 4 within within IN 34457 3067 5 the the DT 34457 3067 6 triangle triangle NN 34457 3067 7 has have VBZ 34457 3067 8 the the DT 34457 3067 9 property property NN 34457 3067 10 that that WDT 34457 3067 11 the the DT 34457 3067 12 sum sum NN 34457 3067 13 of of IN 34457 3067 14 the the DT 34457 3067 15 perpendiculars perpendicular NNS 34457 3067 16 from from IN 34457 3067 17 that that DT 34457 3067 18 point point NN 34457 3067 19 on on IN 34457 3067 20 the the DT 34457 3067 21 sides side NNS 34457 3067 22 of of IN 34457 3067 23 the the DT 34457 3067 24 triangle triangle NN 34457 3067 25 is be VBZ 34457 3067 26 equal equal JJ 34457 3067 27 to to IN 34457 3067 28 unity unity NN 34457 3067 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3067 30 the the DT 34457 3067 31 height height NN 34457 3067 32 of of IN 34457 3067 33 the the DT 34457 3067 34 triangle triangle NN 34457 3067 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3067 36 , , , 34457 3067 37 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3067 38 is be VBZ 34457 3067 39 evident evident JJ 34457 3067 40 that that IN 34457 3067 41 the the DT 34457 3067 42 composition composition NN 34457 3067 43 of of IN 34457 3067 44 a a DT 34457 3067 45 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3067 46 mixture mixture NN 34457 3067 47 can can MD 34457 3067 48 be be VB 34457 3067 49 represented represent VBN 34457 3067 50 by by IN 34457 3067 51 fixing fix VBG 34457 3067 52 a a DT 34457 3067 53 point point NN 34457 3067 54 within within IN 34457 3067 55 the the DT 34457 3067 56 triangle triangle NN 34457 3067 57 such such JJ 34457 3067 58 that that IN 34457 3067 59 the the DT 34457 3067 60 lengths length NNS 34457 3067 61 of of IN 34457 3067 62 the the DT 34457 3067 63 _ _ NNP 34457 3067 64 perpendiculars perpendicular NNS 34457 3067 65 _ _ NNP 34457 3067 66 from from IN 34457 3067 67 the the DT 34457 3067 68 point point NN 34457 3067 69 to to IN 34457 3067 70 the the DT 34457 3067 71 sides side NNS 34457 3067 72 of of IN 34457 3067 73 the the DT 34457 3067 74 triangle triangle NN 34457 3067 75 are be VBP 34457 3067 76 equal equal JJ 34457 3067 77 respectively respectively RB 34457 3067 78 to to IN 34457 3067 79 the the DT 34457 3067 80 fractional fractional JJ 34457 3067 81 amounts amount NNS 34457 3067 82 of of IN 34457 3067 83 the the DT 34457 3067 84 three three CD 34457 3067 85 components component NNS 34457 3067 86 present present JJ 34457 3067 87 ; ; : 34457 3067 88 the the DT 34457 3067 89 fractional fractional JJ 34457 3067 90 amount amount NN 34457 3067 91 of of IN 34457 3067 92 A a NN 34457 3067 93 , , , 34457 3067 94 B b NN 34457 3067 95 , , , 34457 3067 96 or or CC 34457 3067 97 C C NNP 34457 3067 98 being be VBG 34457 3067 99 represented represent VBN 34457 3067 100 by by IN 34457 3067 101 the the DT 34457 3067 102 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34457 3067 103 distance distance NN 34457 3067 104 from from IN 34457 3067 105 the the DT 34457 3067 106 side side NN 34457 3067 107 of of IN 34457 3067 108 the the DT 34457 3067 109 triangle triangle NN 34457 3067 110 _ _ NNP 34457 3067 111 opposite opposite IN 34457 3067 112 _ _ NNP 34457 3067 113 the the DT 34457 3067 114 corners corner NNS 34457 3067 115 A a NN 34457 3067 116 , , , 34457 3067 117 B b NN 34457 3067 118 , , , 34457 3067 119 and and CC 34457 3067 120 C C NNP 34457 3067 121 respectively respectively RB 34457 3067 122 . . . 34457 3068 1 The the DT 34457 3068 2 location location NN 34457 3068 3 of of IN 34457 3068 4 this this DT 34457 3068 5 point point NN 34457 3068 6 is be VBZ 34457 3068 7 simplified simplify VBN 34457 3068 8 by by IN 34457 3068 9 dividing divide VBG 34457 3068 10 the the DT 34457 3068 11 normals normal NNS 34457 3068 12 from from IN 34457 3068 13 each each DT 34457 3068 14 of of IN 34457 3068 15 the the DT 34457 3068 16 corners corner NNS 34457 3068 17 on on IN 34457 3068 18 the the DT 34457 3068 19 opposite opposite JJ 34457 3068 20 side side NN 34457 3068 21 into into IN 34457 3068 22 ten ten CD 34457 3068 23 or or CC 34457 3068 24 one one CD 34457 3068 25 hundred hundred CD 34457 3068 26 parts part NNS 34457 3068 27 , , , 34457 3068 28 and and CC 34457 3068 29 drawing draw VBG 34457 3068 30 through through IN 34457 3068 31 these these DT 34457 3068 32 divisions division NNS 34457 3068 33 lines line NNS 34457 3068 34 at at IN 34457 3068 35 right right JJ 34457 3068 36 angles angle NNS 34457 3068 37 to to IN 34457 3068 38 the the DT 34457 3068 39 normal normal JJ 34457 3068 40 and and CC 34457 3068 41 parallel parallel JJ 34457 3068 42 to to IN 34457 3068 43 the the DT 34457 3068 44 side side NN 34457 3068 45 of of IN 34457 3068 46 the the DT 34457 3068 47 triangle triangle NN 34457 3068 48 . . . 34457 3069 1 A a DT 34457 3069 2 network network NN 34457 3069 3 of of IN 34457 3069 4 rhombohedra rhombohedra NNS 34457 3069 5 is be VBZ 34457 3069 6 thus thus RB 34457 3069 7 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3069 8 , , , 34457 3069 9 and and CC 34457 3069 10 the the DT 34457 3069 11 position position NN 34457 3069 12 of of IN 34457 3069 13 any any DT 34457 3069 14 point point NN 34457 3069 15 can can MD 34457 3069 16 be be VB 34457 3069 17 read read VBN 34457 3069 18 off off RP 34457 3069 19 in in IN 34457 3069 20 practically practically RB 34457 3069 21 the the DT 34457 3069 22 same same JJ 34457 3069 23 manner manner NN 34457 3069 24 as as IN 34457 3069 25 in in IN 34457 3069 26 the the DT 34457 3069 27 case case NN 34457 3069 28 of of IN 34457 3069 29 rectangular rectangular JJ 34457 3069 30 co co NNS 34457 3069 31 - - NNS 34457 3069 32 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3069 33 . . . 34457 3070 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3070 2 the the DT 34457 3070 3 point point NN 34457 3070 4 P p NN 34457 3070 5 in in IN 34457 3070 6 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3070 7 . . . 34457 3071 1 80 80 CD 34457 3071 2 represents represent VBZ 34457 3071 3 a a DT 34457 3071 4 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3071 5 mixture mixture NN 34457 3071 6 of of IN 34457 3071 7 the the DT 34457 3071 8 composition composition NN 34457 3071 9 A a NN 34457 3071 10 = = SYM 34457 3071 11 0.5 0.5 CD 34457 3071 12 , , , 34457 3071 13 B b NN 34457 3071 14 = = SYM 34457 3071 15 0.3 0.3 CD 34457 3071 16 , , , 34457 3071 17 C C NNP 34457 3071 18 = = SYM 34457 3071 19 0.2 0.2 CD 34457 3071 20 ; ; : 34457 3071 21 the the DT 34457 3071 22 perpendiculars perpendicular NNS 34457 3071 23 P_a p_a CD 34457 3071 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3071 25 , , , 34457 3071 26 P_b p_b CD 34457 3071 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3071 28 , , , 34457 3071 29 and and CC 34457 3071 30 P_c P_c NNP 34457 3071 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3071 32 being be VBG 34457 3071 33 equal equal JJ 34457 3071 34 respectively respectively RB 34457 3071 35 to to IN 34457 3071 36 0.5 0.5 CD 34457 3071 37 , , , 34457 3071 38 0.2 0.2 CD 34457 3071 39 , , , 34457 3071 40 and and CC 34457 3071 41 0.3 0.3 CD 34457 3071 42 of of IN 34457 3071 43 the the DT 34457 3071 44 height height NN 34457 3071 45 of of IN 34457 3071 46 the the DT 34457 3071 47 triangle triangle NN 34457 3071 48 . . . 34457 3072 1 Another another DT 34457 3072 2 method method NN 34457 3072 3 of of IN 34457 3072 4 representation representation NN 34457 3072 5 , , , 34457 3072 6 due due IN 34457 3072 7 to to IN 34457 3072 8 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 3072 9 , , , 34457 3072 10 consists consist VBZ 34457 3072 11 in in IN 34457 3072 12 employing employ VBG 34457 3072 13 an an DT 34457 3072 14 equilateral equilateral JJ 34457 3072 15 triangle triangle NN 34457 3072 16 , , , 34457 3072 17 the the DT 34457 3072 18 length length NN 34457 3072 19 of of IN 34457 3072 20 whose whose WP$ 34457 3072 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3072 22 side side NN 34457 3072 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3072 24 is be VBZ 34457 3072 25 made make VBN 34457 3072 26 equal equal JJ 34457 3072 27 to to IN 34457 3072 28 unity unity NN 34457 3072 29 , , , 34457 3072 30 or or CC 34457 3072 31 one one CD 34457 3072 32 hundred hundred CD 34457 3072 33 ; ; : 34457 3072 34 the the DT 34457 3072 35 sum sum NN 34457 3072 36 of of IN 34457 3072 37 the the DT 34457 3072 38 fractional fractional JJ 34457 3072 39 or or CC 34457 3072 40 percentage percentage NN 34457 3072 41 amounts amount NNS 34457 3072 42 of of IN 34457 3072 43 the the DT 34457 3072 44 three three CD 34457 3072 45 components component NNS 34457 3072 46 being be VBG 34457 3072 47 represented represent VBN 34457 3072 48 therefore therefore RB 34457 3072 49 by by IN 34457 3072 50 a a DT 34457 3072 51 side side NN 34457 3072 52 of of IN 34457 3072 53 the the DT 34457 3072 54 triangle triangle NN 34457 3072 55 . . . 34457 3073 1 In in IN 34457 3073 2 this this DT 34457 3073 3 case case NN 34457 3073 4 the the DT 34457 3073 5 composition composition NN 34457 3073 6 of of IN 34457 3073 7 a a DT 34457 3073 8 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3073 9 mixture mixture NN 34457 3073 10 is be VBZ 34457 3073 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3073 12 by by IN 34457 3073 13 determining determine VBG 34457 3073 14 , , , 34457 3073 15 not not RB 34457 3073 16 the the DT 34457 3073 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3073 18 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34457 3073 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3073 20 distance distance NN 34457 3073 21 of of IN 34457 3073 22 a a DT 34457 3073 23 point point NN 34457 3073 24 P p NN 34457 3073 25 from from IN 34457 3073 26 the the DT 34457 3073 27 three three CD 34457 3073 28 sides side NNS 34457 3073 29 of of IN 34457 3073 30 the the DT 34457 3073 31 triangle triangle NN 34457 3073 32 , , , 34457 3073 33 but but CC 34457 3073 34 the the DT 34457 3073 35 distance distance NN 34457 3073 36 in in IN 34457 3073 37 a a DT 34457 3073 38 direction direction NN 34457 3073 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3073 40 parallel parallel NN 34457 3073 41 _ _ NNP 34457 3073 42 to to IN 34457 3073 43 the the DT 34457 3073 44 sides side NNS 34457 3073 45 of of IN 34457 3073 46 the the DT 34457 3073 47 triangle triangle NN 34457 3073 48 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3073 49 Fig fig NN 34457 3073 50 . . . 34457 3074 1 81 81 CD 34457 3074 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3074 3 . . . 34457 3075 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 3075 2 , , , 34457 3075 3 in in IN 34457 3075 4 order order NN 34457 3075 5 to to TO 34457 3075 6 represent represent VB 34457 3075 7 a a DT 34457 3075 8 mixture mixture NN 34457 3075 9 consisting consist VBG 34457 3075 10 of of IN 34457 3075 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 12 a a DT 34457 3075 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 14 , , , 34457 3075 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 16 b b NNP 34457 3075 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 18 , , , 34457 3075 19 and and CC 34457 3075 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 21 c c NNP 34457 3075 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 23 parts part NNS 34457 3075 24 of of IN 34457 3075 25 the the DT 34457 3075 26 components component NNS 34457 3075 27 A A NNP 34457 3075 28 , , , 34457 3075 29 B b NN 34457 3075 30 , , , 34457 3075 31 and and CC 34457 3075 32 C C NNP 34457 3075 33 respectively respectively RB 34457 3075 34 , , , 34457 3075 35 one one CD 34457 3075 36 side side NN 34457 3075 37 of of IN 34457 3075 38 the the DT 34457 3075 39 triangle triangle NN 34457 3075 40 , , , 34457 3075 41 say say VBP 34457 3075 42 AB AB NNP 34457 3075 43 , , , 34457 3075 44 is be VBZ 34457 3075 45 first first RB 34457 3075 46 of of IN 34457 3075 47 all all DT 34457 3075 48 divided divide VBN 34457 3075 49 into into IN 34457 3075 50 ten ten CD 34457 3075 51 or or CC 34457 3075 52 one one CD 34457 3075 53 { { -LRB- 34457 3075 54 238 238 CD 34457 3075 55 } } -RRB- 34457 3075 56 hundred hundred CD 34457 3075 57 parts part NNS 34457 3075 58 ; ; : 34457 3075 59 a a DT 34457 3075 60 portion portion NN 34457 3075 61 , , , 34457 3075 62 B_x b_x CD 34457 3075 63 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 64 = = SYM 34457 3075 65 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 66 a a DT 34457 3075 67 _ _ NNP 34457 3075 68 , , , 34457 3075 69 is be VBZ 34457 3075 70 then then RB 34457 3075 71 measured measure VBN 34457 3075 72 off off RP 34457 3075 73 , , , 34457 3075 74 and and CC 34457 3075 75 represents represent VBZ 34457 3075 76 the the DT 34457 3075 77 amount amount NN 34457 3075 78 of of IN 34457 3075 79 A a DT 34457 3075 80 present present NN 34457 3075 81 . . . 34457 3076 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 3076 2 , , , 34457 3076 3 a a DT 34457 3076 4 portion portion NN 34457 3076 5 , , , 34457 3076 6 A_x a_x CD 34457 3076 7 ' ' '' 34457 3076 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 9 = = SYM 34457 3076 10 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 11 b b NNP 34457 3076 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 13 , , , 34457 3076 14 is be VBZ 34457 3076 15 measured measure VBN 34457 3076 16 off off RP 34457 3076 17 and and CC 34457 3076 18 represents represent VBZ 34457 3076 19 the the DT 34457 3076 20 fractional fractional JJ 34457 3076 21 amount amount NN 34457 3076 22 of of IN 34457 3076 23 B b NN 34457 3076 24 , , , 34457 3076 25 while while IN 34457 3076 26 the the DT 34457 3076 27 remainder remainder NN 34457 3076 28 , , , 34457 3076 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 30 xx xx IN 34457 3076 31 ' ' `` 34457 3076 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 33 = = SYM 34457 3076 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 35 c c NNP 34457 3076 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 37 , , , 34457 3076 38 represents represent VBZ 34457 3076 39 the the DT 34457 3076 40 amount amount NN 34457 3076 41 of of IN 34457 3076 42 C. C. NNP 34457 3076 43 From from IN 34457 3076 44 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 45 x x NNP 34457 3076 46 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 47 and and CC 34457 3076 48 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 49 x x NNP 34457 3076 50 ' ' POS 34457 3076 51 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 52 lines line NNS 34457 3076 53 are be VBP 34457 3076 54 drawn draw VBN 34457 3076 55 parallel parallel JJ 34457 3076 56 to to IN 34457 3076 57 the the DT 34457 3076 58 sides side NNS 34457 3076 59 of of IN 34457 3076 60 the the DT 34457 3076 61 triangle triangle NN 34457 3076 62 , , , 34457 3076 63 and and CC 34457 3076 64 the the DT 34457 3076 65 point point NN 34457 3076 66 of of IN 34457 3076 67 intersection intersection NN 34457 3076 68 , , , 34457 3076 69 P p NN 34457 3076 70 , , , 34457 3076 71 represents represent VBZ 34457 3076 72 the the DT 34457 3076 73 composition composition NN 34457 3076 74 of of IN 34457 3076 75 the the DT 34457 3076 76 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3076 77 mixture mixture NN 34457 3076 78 of of IN 34457 3076 79 given give VBN 34457 3076 80 composition composition NN 34457 3076 81 ; ; : 34457 3076 82 for for IN 34457 3076 83 , , , 34457 3076 84 as as IN 34457 3076 85 is be VBZ 34457 3076 86 evident evident JJ 34457 3076 87 from from IN 34457 3076 88 the the DT 34457 3076 89 figure figure NN 34457 3076 90 , , , 34457 3076 91 the the DT 34457 3076 92 distance distance NN 34457 3076 93 of of IN 34457 3076 94 the the DT 34457 3076 95 point point NN 34457 3076 96 P p NN 34457 3076 97 from from IN 34457 3076 98 the the DT 34457 3076 99 three three CD 34457 3076 100 sides side NNS 34457 3076 101 of of IN 34457 3076 102 the the DT 34457 3076 103 triangle triangle NN 34457 3076 104 , , , 34457 3076 105 when when WRB 34457 3076 106 measured measure VBN 34457 3076 107 in in IN 34457 3076 108 directions direction NNS 34457 3076 109 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 110 parallel parallel NN 34457 3076 111 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 112 to to IN 34457 3076 113 the the DT 34457 3076 114 sides side NNS 34457 3076 115 , , , 34457 3076 116 is be VBZ 34457 3076 117 equal equal JJ 34457 3076 118 to to IN 34457 3076 119 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 120 a a DT 34457 3076 121 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 122 , , , 34457 3076 123 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 124 b b NNP 34457 3076 125 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 126 , , , 34457 3076 127 and and CC 34457 3076 128 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 129 c c NNP 34457 3076 130 _ _ NNP 34457 3076 131 respectively respectively RB 34457 3076 132 . . . 34457 3077 1 From from IN 34457 3077 2 the the DT 34457 3077 3 division division NN 34457 3077 4 marks mark NNS 34457 3077 5 on on IN 34457 3077 6 the the DT 34457 3077 7 side side NN 34457 3077 8 AB AB NNP 34457 3077 9 , , , 34457 3077 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3077 11 is be VBZ 34457 3077 12 seen see VBN 34457 3077 13 that that IN 34457 3077 14 the the DT 34457 3077 15 point point NN 34457 3077 16 P p NN 34457 3077 17 in in IN 34457 3077 18 this this DT 34457 3077 19 figure figure NN 34457 3077 20 also also RB 34457 3077 21 represents represent VBZ 34457 3077 22 a a DT 34457 3077 23 mixture mixture NN 34457 3077 24 of of IN 34457 3077 25 0.5 0.5 CD 34457 3077 26 parts part NNS 34457 3077 27 of of IN 34457 3077 28 A a DT 34457 3077 29 , , , 34457 3077 30 0.2 0.2 CD 34457 3077 31 parts part NNS 34457 3077 32 of of IN 34457 3077 33 B b NN 34457 3077 34 , , , 34457 3077 35 and and CC 34457 3077 36 0.3 0.3 CD 34457 3077 37 parts part NNS 34457 3077 38 of of IN 34457 3077 39 C. C. NNP 34457 3077 40 This this DT 34457 3077 41 gives give VBZ 34457 3077 42 exactly exactly RB 34457 3077 43 the the DT 34457 3077 44 same same JJ 34457 3077 45 result result NN 34457 3077 46 as as IN 34457 3077 47 the the DT 34457 3077 48 previous previous JJ 34457 3077 49 method method NN 34457 3077 50 . . . 34457 3078 1 The the DT 34457 3078 2 employment employment NN 34457 3078 3 of of IN 34457 3078 4 a a DT 34457 3078 5 right right RB 34457 3078 6 - - HYPH 34457 3078 7 angled angle VBN 34457 3078 8 isosceles isoscele NNS 34457 3078 9 triangle triangle NNP 34457 3078 10 has have VBZ 34457 3078 11 also also RB 34457 3078 12 been be VBN 34457 3078 13 suggested,[319 suggested,[319 JJ 34457 3078 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3078 15 but but CC 34457 3078 16 is be VBZ 34457 3078 17 not not RB 34457 3078 18 in in IN 34457 3078 19 general general JJ 34457 3078 20 use use NN 34457 3078 21 . . . 34457 3079 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3079 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3079 3 : : : 34457 3079 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3079 5 . . . 34457 3080 1 81 81 CD 34457 3080 2 . . . 34457 3080 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3081 1 In in IN 34457 3081 2 employing employ VBG 34457 3081 3 the the DT 34457 3081 4 triangular triangular JJ 34457 3081 5 diagram diagram NN 34457 3081 6 , , , 34457 3081 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3081 8 will will MD 34457 3081 9 be be VB 34457 3081 10 of of IN 34457 3081 11 use use NN 34457 3081 12 to to TO 34457 3081 13 note note VB 34457 3081 14 a a DT 34457 3081 15 property property NN 34457 3081 16 of of IN 34457 3081 17 the the DT 34457 3081 18 equilateral equilateral JJ 34457 3081 19 triangle triangle NN 34457 3081 20 . . . 34457 3082 1 A a DT 34457 3082 2 line line NN 34457 3082 3 drawn draw VBN 34457 3082 4 from from IN 34457 3082 5 one one CD 34457 3082 6 corner corner NN 34457 3082 7 of of IN 34457 3082 8 the the DT 34457 3082 9 triangle triangle NN 34457 3082 10 to to IN 34457 3082 11 the the DT 34457 3082 12 opposite opposite JJ 34457 3082 13 side side NN 34457 3082 14 , , , 34457 3082 15 represents represent VBZ 34457 3082 16 the the DT 34457 3082 17 composition composition NN 34457 3082 18 of of IN 34457 3082 19 all all DT 34457 3082 20 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3082 21 in in IN 34457 3082 22 which which WDT 34457 3082 23 the the DT 34457 3082 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3082 25 relative relative JJ 34457 3082 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3082 27 amounts amount NNS 34457 3082 28 of of IN 34457 3082 29 two two CD 34457 3082 30 of of IN 34457 3082 31 the the DT 34457 3082 32 components component NNS 34457 3082 33 remain remain VBP 34457 3082 34 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 3082 35 . . . 34457 3083 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3083 2 , , , 34457 3083 3 as as IN 34457 3083 4 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3083 5 . . . 34457 3084 1 82 82 CD 34457 3084 2 shows show NNS 34457 3084 3 , , , 34457 3084 4 if if IN 34457 3084 5 the the DT 34457 3084 6 component component NN 34457 3084 7 C C NNP 34457 3084 8 is be VBZ 34457 3084 9 added add VBN 34457 3084 10 to to IN 34457 3084 11 a a DT 34457 3084 12 mixture mixture NN 34457 3084 13 x x NN 34457 3084 14 , , , 34457 3084 15 in in IN 34457 3084 16 which which WDT 34457 3084 17 A a NN 34457 3084 18 and and CC 34457 3084 19 B b NN 34457 3084 20 are be VBP 34457 3084 21 present present JJ 34457 3084 22 in in IN 34457 3084 23 the the DT 34457 3084 24 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3084 25 of of IN 34457 3084 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 27 a a DT 34457 3084 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 29 : : : 34457 3084 30 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 31 b b NNP 34457 3084 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 33 , , , 34457 3084 34 a a DT 34457 3084 35 mixture mixture NN 34457 3084 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 37 x x NNP 34457 3084 38 ' ' '' 34457 3084 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 40 , , , 34457 3084 41 which which WDT 34457 3084 42 is be VBZ 34457 3084 43 thereby thereby RB 34457 3084 44 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3084 45 , , , 34457 3084 46 also also RB 34457 3084 47 contains contain VBZ 34457 3084 48 A a NN 34457 3084 49 and and CC 34457 3084 50 B b NN 34457 3084 51 in in IN 34457 3084 52 the the DT 34457 3084 53 ratio ratio NN 34457 3084 54 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 55 a a DT 34457 3084 56 _ _ NNP 34457 3084 57 : : : 34457 3084 58 b. b. NNP 34457 3085 1 For for IN 34457 3085 2 the the DT 34457 3085 3 two two CD 34457 3085 4 triangles triangle NNS 34457 3085 5 AC_x ac_x PRP$ 34457 3085 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3085 7 and and CC 34457 3085 8 BC_x BC_x NNP 34457 3085 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3085 10 are be VBP 34457 3085 11 similar similar JJ 34457 3085 12 to to IN 34457 3085 13 the the DT 34457 3085 14 two two CD 34457 3085 15 triangles triangle NNS 34457 3085 16 HC_x HC_x NNP 34457 3085 17 ' ' '' 34457 3085 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3085 19 and and CC 34457 3085 20 KC_x KC_x NNP 34457 3085 21 ' ' '' 34457 3085 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3085 23 ; ; : 34457 3085 24 and and CC 34457 3085 25 , , , 34457 3085 26 { { -LRB- 34457 3085 27 239 239 CD 34457 3085 28 } } -RRB- 34457 3085 29 therefore therefore RB 34457 3085 30 , , , 34457 3085 31 A_x a_x CD 34457 3085 32 _ _ NN 34457 3085 33 : : : 34457 3085 34 B_x b_x CD 34457 3085 35 _ _ NNP 34457 3085 36 = = SYM 34457 3085 37 H_x H_x NNP 34457 3085 38 ' ' '' 34457 3085 39 _ _ NN 34457 3085 40 : : : 34457 3085 41 K_x K_x NNP 34457 3085 42 ' ' '' 34457 3085 43 _ _ NNP 34457 3085 44 . . . 34457 3086 1 But but CC 34457 3086 2 A_x a_x CD 34457 3086 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 4 = = SYM 34457 3086 5 D_x D_x NFP 34457 3086 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 7 and and CC 34457 3086 8 B_x b_x CD 34457 3086 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 10 = = SYM 34457 3086 11 E_x e_x CD 34457 3086 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 13 ; ; : 34457 3086 14 further further JJ 34457 3086 15 H_x H_x NNP 34457 3086 16 ' ' '' 34457 3086 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 18 = = SYM 34457 3086 19 F_x f_x CD 34457 3086 20 ' ' '' 34457 3086 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 22 and and CC 34457 3086 23 K_x K_x NNP 34457 3086 24 ' ' `` 34457 3086 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3086 26 = = NFP 34457 3086 27 G_x g_x CD 34457 3086 28 ' ' '' 34457 3086 29 _ _ XX 34457 3086 30 . . . 34457 3087 1 Therefore therefore RB 34457 3087 2 , , , 34457 3087 3 D_x d_x CD 34457 3087 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3087 5 : : : 34457 3087 6 E_x E_x NNP 34457 3087 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3087 8 = = SYM 34457 3087 9 F_x f_x CD 34457 3087 10 ' ' '' 34457 3087 11 _ _ NN 34457 3087 12 : : : 34457 3087 13 G_x g_x CD 34457 3087 14 ' ' `` 34457 3087 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3087 16 = = SYM 34457 3087 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3087 18 b b NNP 34457 3087 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3087 20 : : : 34457 3087 21 a. a. NN 34457 3088 1 At at IN 34457 3088 2 all all DT 34457 3088 3 points point NNS 34457 3088 4 on on IN 34457 3088 5 the the DT 34457 3088 6 line line NN 34457 3088 7 C_x c_x CD 34457 3088 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3088 9 , , , 34457 3088 10 therefore therefore RB 34457 3088 11 , , , 34457 3088 12 the the DT 34457 3088 13 ratio ratio NN 34457 3088 14 of of IN 34457 3088 15 A a NN 34457 3088 16 to to IN 34457 3088 17 B b NN 34457 3088 18 is be VBZ 34457 3088 19 the the DT 34457 3088 20 same same JJ 34457 3088 21 . . . 34457 3089 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3089 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3089 3 : : : 34457 3089 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3089 5 . . . 34457 3090 1 82 82 CD 34457 3090 2 . . . 34457 3090 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3091 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3091 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3091 3 : : : 34457 3091 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3091 5 . . . 34457 3092 1 83 83 CD 34457 3092 2 . . . 34457 3092 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3093 1 If if IN 34457 3093 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3093 3 is be VBZ 34457 3093 4 desired desire VBN 34457 3093 5 to to TO 34457 3093 6 represent represent VB 34457 3093 7 at at IN 34457 3093 8 the the DT 34457 3093 9 same same JJ 34457 3093 10 time time NN 34457 3093 11 the the DT 34457 3093 12 change change NN 34457 3093 13 of of IN 34457 3093 14 another another DT 34457 3093 15 independent independent JJ 34457 3093 16 variable variable NN 34457 3093 17 , , , 34457 3093 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3093 19 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3093 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3093 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3093 22 , , , 34457 3093 23 this this DT 34457 3093 24 can can MD 34457 3093 25 be be VB 34457 3093 26 done do VBN 34457 3093 27 by by IN 34457 3093 28 measuring measure VBG 34457 3093 29 the the DT 34457 3093 30 latter latter NN 34457 3093 31 along along IN 34457 3093 32 axes axis NNS 34457 3093 33 drawn draw VBN 34457 3093 34 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34457 3093 35 to to IN 34457 3093 36 the the DT 34457 3093 37 corners corner NNS 34457 3093 38 of of IN 34457 3093 39 the the DT 34457 3093 40 triangle triangle NN 34457 3093 41 . . . 34457 3094 1 In in IN 34457 3094 2 this this DT 34457 3094 3 way way NN 34457 3094 4 a a DT 34457 3094 5 right right JJ 34457 3094 6 prism prism NN 34457 3094 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3094 8 Fig fig NN 34457 3094 9 . . . 34457 3095 1 83 83 CD 34457 3095 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3095 3 is be VBZ 34457 3095 4 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3095 5 , , , 34457 3095 6 and and CC 34457 3095 7 each each DT 34457 3095 8 section section NN 34457 3095 9 of of IN 34457 3095 10 this this DT 34457 3095 11 cut cut VBD 34457 3095 12 parallel parallel NN 34457 3095 13 to to IN 34457 3095 14 the the DT 34457 3095 15 base base NN 34457 3095 16 represents represent VBZ 34457 3095 17 therefore therefore RB 34457 3095 18 an an DT 34457 3095 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3095 20 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3095 21 surface surface NN 34457 3095 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3095 23 . . . 34457 3096 1 * * NFP 34457 3096 2 * * NFP 34457 3096 3 * * NFP 34457 3096 4 * * NFP 34457 3096 5 * * NFP 34457 3096 6 { { -LRB- 34457 3096 7 240 240 CD 34457 3096 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3096 9 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 3096 10 XIV XIV NNP 34457 3096 11 SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS NNP 34457 3096 12 OF of IN 34457 3096 13 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 3096 14 IN in IN 34457 3096 15 LIQUIDS LIQUIDS NNP 34457 3096 16 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3096 17 have have VBP 34457 3096 18 already already RB 34457 3096 19 seen see VBN 34457 3096 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3096 21 p. p. NN 34457 3096 22 95 95 CD 34457 3096 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3096 24 that that IN 34457 3096 25 when when WRB 34457 3096 26 two two CD 34457 3096 27 liquids liquid NNS 34457 3096 28 are be VBP 34457 3096 29 brought bring VBN 34457 3096 30 together together RB 34457 3096 31 , , , 34457 3096 32 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3096 33 may may MD 34457 3096 34 mix mix VB 34457 3096 35 in in IN 34457 3096 36 all all DT 34457 3096 37 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3096 38 and and CC 34457 3096 39 form form VB 34457 3096 40 one one CD 34457 3096 41 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3096 42 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3096 43 phase phase NN 34457 3096 44 ; ; : 34457 3096 45 or or CC 34457 3096 46 , , , 34457 3096 47 only only RB 34457 3096 48 partial partial JJ 34457 3096 49 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 3096 50 may may MD 34457 3096 51 occur occur VB 34457 3096 52 , , , 34457 3096 53 and and CC 34457 3096 54 two two CD 34457 3096 55 phases phase NNS 34457 3096 56 be be VB 34457 3096 57 formed form VBN 34457 3096 58 consisting consist VBG 34457 3096 59 of of IN 34457 3096 60 two two CD 34457 3096 61 mutually mutually RB 34457 3096 62 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3096 63 solutions solution NNS 34457 3096 64 . . . 34457 3097 1 In in IN 34457 3097 2 the the DT 34457 3097 3 latter latter JJ 34457 3097 4 case case NN 34457 3097 5 , , , 34457 3097 6 the the DT 34457 3097 7 concentration concentration NN 34457 3097 8 of of IN 34457 3097 9 the the DT 34457 3097 10 components component NNS 34457 3097 11 in in IN 34457 3097 12 either either DT 34457 3097 13 phase phase NN 34457 3097 14 and and CC 34457 3097 15 also also RB 34457 3097 16 the the DT 34457 3097 17 vapour vapour JJ 34457 3097 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 3097 19 of of IN 34457 3097 20 the the DT 34457 3097 21 system system NN 34457 3097 22 had have VBD 34457 3097 23 , , , 34457 3097 24 at at IN 34457 3097 25 a a DT 34457 3097 26 given give VBN 34457 3097 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 3097 28 , , , 34457 3097 29 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 3097 30 definite definite JJ 34457 3097 31 values value NNS 34457 3097 32 . . . 34457 3098 1 In in IN 34457 3098 2 the the DT 34457 3098 3 case case NN 34457 3098 4 of of IN 34457 3098 5 three three CD 34457 3098 6 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3098 7 components component NNS 34457 3098 8 , , , 34457 3098 9 a a DT 34457 3098 10 similar similar JJ 34457 3098 11 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3098 12 may may MD 34457 3098 13 be be VB 34457 3098 14 found find VBN 34457 3098 15 , , , 34457 3098 16 although although IN 34457 3098 17 complete complete JJ 34457 3098 18 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 3098 19 of of IN 34457 3098 20 three three CD 34457 3098 21 components component NNS 34457 3098 22 with with IN 34457 3098 23 the the DT 34457 3098 24 formation formation NN 34457 3098 25 of of IN 34457 3098 26 only only RB 34457 3098 27 one one CD 34457 3098 28 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3098 29 phase phase NN 34457 3098 30 is be VBZ 34457 3098 31 of of IN 34457 3098 32 much much JJ 34457 3098 33 rarer rare JJR 34457 3098 34 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 3098 35 than than IN 34457 3098 36 in in IN 34457 3098 37 the the DT 34457 3098 38 case case NN 34457 3098 39 of of IN 34457 3098 40 two two CD 34457 3098 41 components component NNS 34457 3098 42 . . . 34457 3099 1 When when WRB 34457 3099 2 only only RB 34457 3099 3 partial partial JJ 34457 3099 4 miscibility miscibility NN 34457 3099 5 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3099 6 , , , 34457 3099 7 various various JJ 34457 3099 8 cases case NNS 34457 3099 9 are be VBP 34457 3099 10 met meet VBN 34457 3099 11 with with IN 34457 3099 12 according accord VBG 34457 3099 13 as as IN 34457 3099 14 the the DT 34457 3099 15 three three CD 34457 3099 16 components component NNS 34457 3099 17 form form NN 34457 3099 18 one one CD 34457 3099 19 , , , 34457 3099 20 two two CD 34457 3099 21 , , , 34457 3099 22 or or CC 34457 3099 23 three three CD 34457 3099 24 pairs pair NNS 34457 3099 25 of of IN 34457 3099 26 partially partially RB 34457 3099 27 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3099 28 liquids liquid NNS 34457 3099 29 . . . 34457 3100 1 Further further RB 34457 3100 2 , , , 34457 3100 3 when when WRB 34457 3100 4 two two CD 34457 3100 5 of of IN 34457 3100 6 the the DT 34457 3100 7 components component NNS 34457 3100 8 are be VBP 34457 3100 9 only only RB 34457 3100 10 partially partially RB 34457 3100 11 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3100 12 , , , 34457 3100 13 the the DT 34457 3100 14 addition addition NN 34457 3100 15 of of IN 34457 3100 16 the the DT 34457 3100 17 third third JJ 34457 3100 18 may may MD 34457 3100 19 cause cause VB 34457 3100 20 either either CC 34457 3100 21 an an DT 34457 3100 22 increase increase NN 34457 3100 23 or or CC 34457 3100 24 a a DT 34457 3100 25 diminution diminution NN 34457 3100 26 in in IN 34457 3100 27 the the DT 34457 3100 28 mutual mutual JJ 34457 3100 29 solubility solubility NN 34457 3100 30 of of IN 34457 3100 31 these these DT 34457 3100 32 . . . 34457 3101 1 An an DT 34457 3101 2 increase increase NN 34457 3101 3 in in IN 34457 3101 4 the the DT 34457 3101 5 mutual mutual JJ 34457 3101 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 3101 7 is be VBZ 34457 3101 8 generally generally RB 34457 3101 9 found find VBN 34457 3101 10 when when WRB 34457 3101 11 the the DT 34457 3101 12 third third JJ 34457 3101 13 component component NN 34457 3101 14 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 3101 15 readily readily RB 34457 3101 16 in in IN 34457 3101 17 each each DT 34457 3101 18 of of IN 34457 3101 19 the the DT 34457 3101 20 other other JJ 34457 3101 21 two two CD 34457 3101 22 ; ; : 34457 3101 23 but but CC 34457 3101 24 when when WRB 34457 3101 25 the the DT 34457 3101 26 third third JJ 34457 3101 27 component component NN 34457 3101 28 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 3101 29 only only RB 34457 3101 30 sparingly sparingly RB 34457 3101 31 in in IN 34457 3101 32 the the DT 34457 3101 33 other other JJ 34457 3101 34 two two CD 34457 3101 35 , , , 34457 3101 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3101 37 addition addition NN 34457 3101 38 diminishes diminish VBZ 34457 3101 39 the the DT 34457 3101 40 mutual mutual JJ 34457 3101 41 solubility solubility NN 34457 3101 42 of of IN 34457 3101 43 the the DT 34457 3101 44 latter latter JJ 34457 3101 45 . . . 34457 3102 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3102 2 shall shall MD 34457 3102 3 consider consider VB 34457 3102 4 here here RB 34457 3102 5 only only RB 34457 3102 6 a a DT 34457 3102 7 few few JJ 34457 3102 8 examples example NNS 34457 3102 9 illustrating illustrate VBG 34457 3102 10 the the DT 34457 3102 11 three three CD 34457 3102 12 chief chief JJ 34457 3102 13 cases case NNS 34457 3102 14 which which WDT 34457 3102 15 can can MD 34457 3102 16 occur occur VB 34457 3102 17 , , , 34457 3102 18 viz viz NN 34457 3102 19 . . . 34457 3103 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3103 2 1 1 LS 34457 3103 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3103 4 A a NN 34457 3103 5 and and CC 34457 3103 6 B b NN 34457 3103 7 , , , 34457 3103 8 and and CC 34457 3103 9 also also RB 34457 3103 10 B B NNP 34457 3103 11 and and CC 34457 3103 12 C C NNP 34457 3103 13 are be VBP 34457 3103 14 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3103 15 in in IN 34457 3103 16 all all DT 34457 3103 17 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3103 18 , , , 34457 3103 19 while while IN 34457 3103 20 A a NN 34457 3103 21 and and CC 34457 3103 22 C C NNP 34457 3103 23 are be VBP 34457 3103 24 only only RB 34457 3103 25 partially partially RB 34457 3103 26 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3103 27 . . . 34457 3104 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3104 2 2 2 LS 34457 3104 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3104 4 A a NN 34457 3104 5 and and CC 34457 3104 6 B b NN 34457 3104 7 are be VBP 34457 3104 8 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3104 9 in in IN 34457 3104 10 all all DT 34457 3104 11 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3104 12 , , , 34457 3104 13 but but CC 34457 3104 14 A A NNP 34457 3104 15 and and CC 34457 3104 16 C C NNP 34457 3104 17 and and CC 34457 3104 18 B B NNP 34457 3104 19 and and CC 34457 3104 20 C C NNP 34457 3104 21 are be VBP 34457 3104 22 only only RB 34457 3104 23 partially partially RB 34457 3104 24 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3104 25 . . . 34457 3105 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3105 2 3 3 LS 34457 3105 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3105 4 A a NN 34457 3105 5 and and CC 34457 3105 6 B b NN 34457 3105 7 , , , 34457 3105 8 B B NNP 34457 3105 9 and and CC 34457 3105 10 C C NNP 34457 3105 11 , , , 34457 3105 12 and and CC 34457 3105 13 A A NNP 34457 3105 14 and and CC 34457 3105 15 C C NNP 34457 3105 16 are be VBP 34457 3105 17 only only RB 34457 3105 18 partially partially RB 34457 3105 19 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3105 20 . . . 34457 3106 1 A a DT 34457 3106 2 , , , 34457 3106 3 B b NN 34457 3106 4 , , , 34457 3106 5 and and CC 34457 3106 6 C C NNP 34457 3106 7 here here RB 34457 3106 8 represent represent VBP 34457 3106 9 the the DT 34457 3106 10 three three CD 34457 3106 11 components component NNS 34457 3106 12 . . . 34457 3107 1 1.--_The 1.--_the CD 34457 3107 2 three three CD 34457 3107 3 components component NNS 34457 3107 4 form form VBP 34457 3107 5 only only RB 34457 3107 6 one one CD 34457 3107 7 pair pair NN 34457 3107 8 of of IN 34457 3107 9 partially partially RB 34457 3107 10 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3107 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 3107 12 . . . 34457 3107 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3107 14 { { -LRB- 34457 3107 15 241 241 CD 34457 3107 16 } } -RRB- 34457 3107 17 An an DT 34457 3107 18 example example NN 34457 3107 19 of of IN 34457 3107 20 this this DT 34457 3107 21 is be VBZ 34457 3107 22 found find VBN 34457 3107 23 in in IN 34457 3107 24 the the DT 34457 3107 25 three three CD 34457 3107 26 substances substance NNS 34457 3107 27 : : : 34457 3107 28 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3107 29 , , , 34457 3107 30 water water NN 34457 3107 31 , , , 34457 3107 32 and and CC 34457 3107 33 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3107 34 acid acid NN 34457 3107 35 . . . 34457 3108 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3108 2 320 320 CD 34457 3108 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3108 4 Chloroform chloroform JJ 34457 3108 5 and and CC 34457 3108 6 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3108 7 acid acid NN 34457 3108 8 , , , 34457 3108 9 and and CC 34457 3108 10 water water NN 34457 3108 11 and and CC 34457 3108 12 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3108 13 acid acid NN 34457 3108 14 , , , 34457 3108 15 are be VBP 34457 3108 16 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3108 17 with with IN 34457 3108 18 one one CD 34457 3108 19 another another DT 34457 3108 20 in in IN 34457 3108 21 all all DT 34457 3108 22 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3108 23 , , , 34457 3108 24 but but CC 34457 3108 25 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3108 26 and and CC 34457 3108 27 water water NN 34457 3108 28 are be VBP 34457 3108 29 only only RB 34457 3108 30 partially partially RB 34457 3108 31 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3108 32 with with IN 34457 3108 33 one one CD 34457 3108 34 another another DT 34457 3108 35 . . . 34457 3109 1 If if IN 34457 3109 2 , , , 34457 3109 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3109 4 , , , 34457 3109 5 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3109 6 is be VBZ 34457 3109 7 shaken shake VBN 34457 3109 8 with with IN 34457 3109 9 a a DT 34457 3109 10 larger large JJR 34457 3109 11 quantity quantity NN 34457 3109 12 of of IN 34457 3109 13 water water NN 34457 3109 14 than than IN 34457 3109 15 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3109 16 can can MD 34457 3109 17 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 3109 18 , , , 34457 3109 19 two two CD 34457 3109 20 layers layer NNS 34457 3109 21 will will MD 34457 3109 22 be be VB 34457 3109 23 formed form VBN 34457 3109 24 consisting consist VBG 34457 3109 25 one one CD 34457 3109 26 of of IN 34457 3109 27 a a DT 34457 3109 28 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3109 29 solution solution NN 34457 3109 30 of of IN 34457 3109 31 water water NN 34457 3109 32 in in IN 34457 3109 33 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3109 34 , , , 34457 3109 35 the the DT 34457 3109 36 other other JJ 34457 3109 37 of of IN 34457 3109 38 a a DT 34457 3109 39 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3109 40 solution solution NN 34457 3109 41 of of IN 34457 3109 42 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3109 43 in in IN 34457 3109 44 water water NN 34457 3109 45 . . . 34457 3110 1 The the DT 34457 3110 2 composition composition NN 34457 3110 3 of of IN 34457 3110 4 these these DT 34457 3110 5 two two CD 34457 3110 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 3110 7 at at IN 34457 3110 8 a a DT 34457 3110 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3110 10 of of IN 34457 3110 11 about about IN 34457 3110 12 18 18 NNP 34457 3110 13 ° ° NNS 34457 3110 14 , , , 34457 3110 15 will will MD 34457 3110 16 be be VB 34457 3110 17 represented represent VBN 34457 3110 18 by by IN 34457 3110 19 the the DT 34457 3110 20 points point NNS 34457 3110 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3110 22 a a DT 34457 3110 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3110 24 and and CC 34457 3110 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3110 26 b b NNP 34457 3110 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3110 28 in in IN 34457 3110 29 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3110 30 . . . 34457 3111 1 84 84 CD 34457 3111 2 ; ; : 34457 3111 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3111 4 a a DT 34457 3111 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3111 6 representing represent VBG 34457 3111 7 a a DT 34457 3111 8 solution solution NN 34457 3111 9 of of IN 34457 3111 10 the the DT 34457 3111 11 composition composition NN 34457 3111 12 : : : 34457 3111 13 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3111 14 , , , 34457 3111 15 99 99 CD 34457 3111 16 per per NN 34457 3111 17 cent cent NN 34457 3111 18 . . . 34457 3112 1 ; ; : 34457 3112 2 water water NN 34457 3112 3 , , , 34457 3112 4 1 1 CD 34457 3112 5 per per NN 34457 3112 6 cent cent NN 34457 3112 7 . . . 34457 3113 1 ; ; : 34457 3113 2 and and CC 34457 3113 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3113 4 b b NNP 34457 3113 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3113 6 a a DT 34457 3113 7 solution solution NN 34457 3113 8 of of IN 34457 3113 9 the the DT 34457 3113 10 composition composition NN 34457 3113 11 : : : 34457 3113 12 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3113 13 , , , 34457 3113 14 0.8 0.8 CD 34457 3113 15 per per NN 34457 3113 16 cent cent NN 34457 3113 17 . . . 34457 3114 1 ; ; : 34457 3114 2 water water NN 34457 3114 3 , , , 34457 3114 4 99.2 99.2 CD 34457 3114 5 per per IN 34457 3114 6 cent cent NN 34457 3114 7 . . . 34457 3115 1 When when WRB 34457 3115 2 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3115 3 acid acid NN 34457 3115 4 is be VBZ 34457 3115 5 added add VBN 34457 3115 6 , , , 34457 3115 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3115 8 distributes distribute VBZ 34457 3115 9 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 3115 10 between between IN 34457 3115 11 the the DT 34457 3115 12 two two CD 34457 3115 13 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3115 14 layers layer NNS 34457 3115 15 , , , 34457 3115 16 and and CC 34457 3115 17 two two CD 34457 3115 18 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3115 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3115 20 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3115 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3115 22 solutions solution NNS 34457 3115 23 , , , 34457 3115 24 consisting consist VBG 34457 3115 25 of of IN 34457 3115 26 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3115 27 , , , 34457 3115 28 water water NN 34457 3115 29 , , , 34457 3115 30 and and CC 34457 3115 31 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3115 32 acid acid NN 34457 3115 33 are be VBP 34457 3115 34 thereby thereby RB 34457 3115 35 produced produce VBN 34457 3115 36 which which WDT 34457 3115 37 are be VBP 34457 3115 38 in in IN 34457 3115 39 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3115 40 with with IN 34457 3115 41 one one CD 34457 3115 42 another another DT 34457 3115 43 , , , 34457 3115 44 and and CC 34457 3115 45 the the DT 34457 3115 46 composition composition NN 34457 3115 47 of of IN 34457 3115 48 which which WDT 34457 3115 49 will will MD 34457 3115 50 be be VB 34457 3115 51 represented represent VBN 34457 3115 52 by by IN 34457 3115 53 two two CD 34457 3115 54 points point NNS 34457 3115 55 inside inside IN 34457 3115 56 the the DT 34457 3115 57 triangle triangle NN 34457 3115 58 . . . 34457 3116 1 In in IN 34457 3116 2 this this DT 34457 3116 3 way way NN 34457 3116 4 a a DT 34457 3116 5 series series NN 34457 3116 6 of of IN 34457 3116 7 pairs pair NNS 34457 3116 8 of of IN 34457 3116 9 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3116 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 3116 11 will will MD 34457 3116 12 be be VB 34457 3116 13 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3116 14 by by IN 34457 3116 15 the the DT 34457 3116 16 addition addition NN 34457 3116 17 of of IN 34457 3116 18 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3116 19 acid acid NN 34457 3116 20 to to IN 34457 3116 21 the the DT 34457 3116 22 mixture mixture NN 34457 3116 23 of of IN 34457 3116 24 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3116 25 and and CC 34457 3116 26 water water NN 34457 3116 27 . . . 34457 3117 1 By by IN 34457 3117 2 this this DT 34457 3117 3 addition addition NN 34457 3117 4 , , , 34457 3117 5 also also RB 34457 3117 6 , , , 34457 3117 7 not not RB 34457 3117 8 only only RB 34457 3117 9 do do VBP 34457 3117 10 the the DT 34457 3117 11 two two CD 34457 3117 12 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3117 13 phases phase NNS 34457 3117 14 become become VBP 34457 3117 15 increasingly increasingly RB 34457 3117 16 rich rich JJ 34457 3117 17 in in IN 34457 3117 18 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3117 19 acid acid NN 34457 3117 20 , , , 34457 3117 21 but but CC 34457 3117 22 the the DT 34457 3117 23 mutual mutual JJ 34457 3117 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 3117 25 of of IN 34457 3117 26 the the DT 34457 3117 27 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3117 28 and and CC 34457 3117 29 water water NN 34457 3117 30 increases increase NNS 34457 3117 31 ; ; : 34457 3117 32 so so IN 34457 3117 33 that that IN 34457 3117 34 the the DT 34457 3117 35 layer layer NN 34457 3117 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3117 37 a a DT 34457 3117 38 _ _ NNP 34457 3117 39 becomes become VBZ 34457 3117 40 relatively relatively RB 34457 3117 41 richer rich JJR 34457 3117 42 in in IN 34457 3117 43 water water NN 34457 3117 44 , , , 34457 3117 45 and and CC 34457 3117 46 layer layer NNP 34457 3117 47 _ _ NNP 34457 3117 48 b b NNP 34457 3117 49 _ _ NNP 34457 3117 50 relatively relatively RB 34457 3117 51 richer rich JJR 34457 3117 52 in in IN 34457 3117 53 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3117 54 . . . 34457 3118 1 This this DT 34457 3118 2 is be VBZ 34457 3118 3 seen see VBN 34457 3118 4 from from IN 34457 3118 5 the the DT 34457 3118 6 following follow VBG 34457 3118 7 table table NN 34457 3118 8 , , , 34457 3118 9 which which WDT 34457 3118 10 gives give VBZ 34457 3118 11 the the DT 34457 3118 12 percentage percentage NN 34457 3118 13 composition composition NN 34457 3118 14 of of IN 34457 3118 15 different different JJ 34457 3118 16 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3118 17 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3118 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 3118 19 at at IN 34457 3118 20 18 18 NNP 34457 3118 21 ° ° NNS 34457 3118 22 . . . 34457 3119 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3119 2 Heavier heavy JJR 34457 3119 3 layer layer NN 34457 3119 4 . . . 34457 3120 1 | | JJ 34457 3120 2 Lighter light JJR 34457 3120 3 layer layer NN 34457 3120 4 . . . 34457 3121 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3121 2 Chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3121 3 . . . 34457 3122 1 | | NNP 34457 3122 2 Water Water NNP 34457 3122 3 . . . 34457 3123 1 | | JJ 34457 3123 2 Acetic acetic JJ 34457 3123 3 acid acid NN 34457 3123 4 . . . 34457 3124 1 | | NNP 34457 3124 2 Chloroform Chloroform NNP 34457 3124 3 . . . 34457 3125 1 | | NNP 34457 3125 2 Water Water NNP 34457 3125 3 . . . 34457 3126 1 | | JJ 34457 3126 2 Acetic acetic JJ 34457 3126 3 acid acid NN 34457 3126 4 . . . 34457 3127 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3127 2 99.01 99.01 CD 34457 3127 3 | | CD 34457 3127 4 0.99 0.99 CD 34457 3127 5 | | CD 34457 3127 6 0 0 CD 34457 3127 7 | | CD 34457 3127 8 0.84 0.84 CD 34457 3127 9 | | CD 34457 3127 10 99.16 99.16 CD 34457 3127 11 | | CD 34457 3127 12 0 0 CD 34457 3127 13 91.85 91.85 CD 34457 3127 14 | | CD 34457 3127 15 1.38 1.38 CD 34457 3127 16 | | CD 34457 3127 17 6.77 6.77 CD 34457 3127 18 | | CD 34457 3127 19 1.21 1.21 CD 34457 3127 20 | | CD 34457 3127 21 73.69 73.69 CD 34457 3127 22 | | CD 34457 3127 23 25.10 25.10 CD 34457 3127 24 80.00 80.00 CD 34457 3127 25 | | CD 34457 3127 26 2.28 2.28 CD 34457 3127 27 | | CD 34457 3127 28 17.72 17.72 CD 34457 3127 29 | | CD 34457 3127 30 7.30 7.30 CD 34457 3127 31 | | CD 34457 3127 32 48.58 48.58 CD 34457 3127 33 | | CD 34457 3127 34 44.12 44.12 CD 34457 3127 35 70.13 70.13 CD 34457 3127 36 | | CD 34457 3127 37 4.12 4.12 CD 34457 3127 38 | | CD 34457 3127 39 25.75 25.75 CD 34457 3127 40 | | CD 34457 3127 41 15.11 15.11 CD 34457 3127 42 | | CD 34457 3127 43 34.71 34.71 CD 34457 3127 44 | | CD 34457 3127 45 50.18 50.18 CD 34457 3127 46 67.15 67.15 CD 34457 3127 47 | | CD 34457 3127 48 5.20 5.20 CD 34457 3127 49 | | CD 34457 3127 50 27.65 27.65 CD 34457 3127 51 | | CD 34457 3127 52 18.33 18.33 CD 34457 3127 53 | | CD 34457 3127 54 31.11 31.11 CD 34457 3127 55 | | CD 34457 3127 56 50.56 50.56 CD 34457 3127 57 59.99 59.99 CD 34457 3127 58 | | CD 34457 3127 59 7.93 7.93 CD 34457 3127 60 | | CD 34457 3127 61 32.08 32.08 CD 34457 3127 62 | | CD 34457 3127 63 25.20 25.20 CD 34457 3127 64 | | CD 34457 3127 65 25.39 25.39 CD 34457 3127 66 | | CD 34457 3127 67 49.41 49.41 CD 34457 3127 68 55.81 55.81 CD 34457 3127 69 | | CD 34457 3127 70 9.58 9.58 CD 34457 3127 71 | | CD 34457 3127 72 34.61 34.61 CD 34457 3127 73 | | CD 34457 3127 74 28.85 28.85 CD 34457 3127 75 | | CD 34457 3127 76 23.28 23.28 CD 34457 3127 77 | | CD 34457 3127 78 47.87 47.87 CD 34457 3127 79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CD 34457 3127 80 { { -LRB- 34457 3127 81 242 242 CD 34457 3127 82 } } -RRB- 34457 3127 83 By by IN 34457 3127 84 the the DT 34457 3127 85 continued continue VBN 34457 3127 86 addition addition NN 34457 3127 87 of of IN 34457 3127 88 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3127 89 acid acid NN 34457 3127 90 , , , 34457 3127 91 the the DT 34457 3127 92 composition composition NN 34457 3127 93 of of IN 34457 3127 94 the the DT 34457 3127 95 successive successive JJ 34457 3127 96 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3127 97 solutions solution NNS 34457 3127 98 in in IN 34457 3127 99 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3127 100 with with IN 34457 3127 101 one one CD 34457 3127 102 another another DT 34457 3127 103 becomes become VBZ 34457 3127 104 , , , 34457 3127 105 as as IN 34457 3127 106 the the DT 34457 3127 107 table table NN 34457 3127 108 shows show VBZ 34457 3127 109 , , , 34457 3127 110 more more RBR 34457 3127 111 nearly nearly RB 34457 3127 112 the the DT 34457 3127 113 same same JJ 34457 3127 114 , , , 34457 3127 115 and and CC 34457 3127 116 a a DT 34457 3127 117 point point NN 34457 3127 118 is be VBZ 34457 3127 119 at at IN 34457 3127 120 length length NN 34457 3127 121 reached reach VBN 34457 3127 122 at at IN 34457 3127 123 which which WDT 34457 3127 124 the the DT 34457 3127 125 two two CD 34457 3127 126 solutions solution NNS 34457 3127 127 become become VBP 34457 3127 128 identical identical JJ 34457 3127 129 . . . 34457 3128 1 This this DT 34457 3128 2 will will MD 34457 3128 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3128 4 be be VB 34457 3128 5 a a DT 34457 3128 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3128 7 critical critical JJ 34457 3128 8 point point NN 34457 3128 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3128 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3128 11 p. p. NN 34457 3128 12 98 98 CD 34457 3128 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3128 14 . . . 34457 3129 1 Increased increase VBN 34457 3129 2 addition addition NN 34457 3129 3 of of IN 34457 3129 4 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3129 5 acid acid NN 34457 3129 6 beyond beyond IN 34457 3129 7 this this DT 34457 3129 8 point point NN 34457 3129 9 will will MD 34457 3129 10 lead lead VB 34457 3129 11 to to IN 34457 3129 12 a a DT 34457 3129 13 single single JJ 34457 3129 14 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3129 15 solution solution NN 34457 3129 16 . . . 34457 3130 1 These these DT 34457 3130 2 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3130 3 are be VBP 34457 3130 4 represented represent VBN 34457 3130 5 graphically graphically RB 34457 3130 6 by by IN 34457 3130 7 the the DT 34457 3130 8 curve curve NN 34457 3130 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3130 10 a_K_b a_K_b NNP 34457 3130 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3130 12 , , , 34457 3130 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3130 14 . . . 34457 3131 1 84 84 CD 34457 3131 2 . . . 34457 3132 1 The the DT 34457 3132 2 points point NNS 34457 3132 3 on on IN 34457 3132 4 the the DT 34457 3132 5 branch branch NN 34457 3132 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3132 7 a_K a_k JJ 34457 3132 8 represent represent VB 34457 3132 9 the the DT 34457 3132 10 composition composition NN 34457 3132 11 of of IN 34457 3132 12 the the DT 34457 3132 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 3132 14 relatively relatively RB 34457 3132 15 rich rich JJ 34457 3132 16 in in IN 34457 3132 17 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3132 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3132 19 heavier heavy JJR 34457 3132 20 layer layer NN 34457 3132 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3132 22 , , , 34457 3132 23 those those DT 34457 3132 24 on on IN 34457 3132 25 the the DT 34457 3132 26 curve curve NN 34457 3132 27 _ _ IN 34457 3132 28 b_K b_k NN 34457 3132 29 the the DT 34457 3132 30 composition composition NN 34457 3132 31 of of IN 34457 3132 32 solutions solution NNS 34457 3132 33 relatively relatively RB 34457 3132 34 rich rich JJ 34457 3132 35 in in IN 34457 3132 36 water water NN 34457 3132 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3132 38 lighter light JJR 34457 3132 39 layer layer NN 34457 3132 40 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3132 41 ; ; : 34457 3132 42 and and CC 34457 3132 43 the the DT 34457 3132 44 points point NNS 34457 3132 45 on on IN 34457 3132 46 these these DT 34457 3132 47 two two CD 34457 3132 48 branches branch NNS 34457 3132 49 representing represent VBG 34457 3132 50 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3132 51 solutions solution NNS 34457 3132 52 are be VBP 34457 3132 53 joined join VBN 34457 3132 54 together together RB 34457 3132 55 by by IN 34457 3132 56 " " `` 34457 3132 57 tie tie NN 34457 3132 58 - - HYPH 34457 3132 59 lines line NNS 34457 3132 60 . . . 34457 3132 61 " " '' 34457 3133 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3133 2 , , , 34457 3133 3 the the DT 34457 3133 4 points point NNS 34457 3133 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3133 6 a'b a'b NNP 34457 3133 7 ' ' `` 34457 3133 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3133 9 represent represent VBP 34457 3133 10 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3133 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3133 12 , , , 34457 3133 13 and and CC 34457 3133 14 the the DT 34457 3133 15 line line NN 34457 3133 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3133 17 a'b a'b NNP 34457 3133 18 ' ' `` 34457 3133 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3133 20 is be VBZ 34457 3133 21 a a DT 34457 3133 22 tie tie NN 34457 3133 23 - - HYPH 34457 3133 24 line line NN 34457 3133 25 . . . 34457 3134 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3134 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3134 3 : : : 34457 3134 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3134 5 . . . 34457 3135 1 84 84 CD 34457 3135 2 . . . 34457 3135 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3136 1 Since since IN 34457 3136 2 , , , 34457 3136 3 now now RB 34457 3136 4 , , , 34457 3136 5 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3136 6 acid acid NN 34457 3136 7 when when WRB 34457 3136 8 added add VBN 34457 3136 9 to to IN 34457 3136 10 a a DT 34457 3136 11 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3136 12 mixture mixture NN 34457 3136 13 of of IN 34457 3136 14 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3136 15 and and CC 34457 3136 16 water water NN 34457 3136 17 does do VBZ 34457 3136 18 not not RB 34457 3136 19 enter enter VB 34457 3136 20 in in IN 34457 3136 21 equal equal JJ 34457 3136 22 amounts amount NNS 34457 3136 23 into into IN 34457 3136 24 the the DT 34457 3136 25 two two CD 34457 3136 26 layers layer NNS 34457 3136 27 , , , 34457 3136 28 but but CC 34457 3136 29 in in IN 34457 3136 30 amounts amount NNS 34457 3136 31 depending depend VBG 34457 3136 32 on on IN 34457 3136 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3136 34 coefficient coefficient NN 34457 3136 35 of of IN 34457 3136 36 distribution distribution NN 34457 3136 37 between between IN 34457 3136 38 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3136 39 and and CC 34457 3136 40 water,[321 water,[321 NN 34457 3136 41 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3136 42 the the DT 34457 3136 43 { { -LRB- 34457 3136 44 243 243 CD 34457 3136 45 } } -RRB- 34457 3136 46 tie tie NN 34457 3136 47 - - HYPH 34457 3136 48 lines line NNS 34457 3136 49 will will MD 34457 3136 50 not not RB 34457 3136 51 be be VB 34457 3136 52 parallel parallel JJ 34457 3136 53 to to IN 34457 3136 54 AB AB NNP 34457 3136 55 , , , 34457 3136 56 but but CC 34457 3136 57 will will MD 34457 3136 58 be be VB 34457 3136 59 inclined incline VBN 34457 3136 60 at at IN 34457 3136 61 an an DT 34457 3136 62 angle angle NN 34457 3136 63 . . . 34457 3137 1 As as IN 34457 3137 2 the the DT 34457 3137 3 solutions solution NNS 34457 3137 4 become become VBP 34457 3137 5 more more RBR 34457 3137 6 nearly nearly RB 34457 3137 7 the the DT 34457 3137 8 same same JJ 34457 3137 9 , , , 34457 3137 10 the the DT 34457 3137 11 tie tie NN 34457 3137 12 - - HYPH 34457 3137 13 lines line NNS 34457 3137 14 diminish diminish VBP 34457 3137 15 in in IN 34457 3137 16 length length NN 34457 3137 17 , , , 34457 3137 18 and and CC 34457 3137 19 at at IN 34457 3137 20 last last JJ 34457 3137 21 , , , 34457 3137 22 when when WRB 34457 3137 23 the the DT 34457 3137 24 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3137 25 solutions solution NNS 34457 3137 26 become become VBP 34457 3137 27 identical identical JJ 34457 3137 28 , , , 34457 3137 29 shrink shrink VB 34457 3137 30 to to IN 34457 3137 31 a a DT 34457 3137 32 point point NN 34457 3137 33 . . . 34457 3138 1 For for IN 34457 3138 2 the the DT 34457 3138 3 reason reason NN 34457 3138 4 that that IN 34457 3138 5 the the DT 34457 3138 6 tie tie NN 34457 3138 7 - - HYPH 34457 3138 8 lines line NNS 34457 3138 9 are be VBP 34457 3138 10 , , , 34457 3138 11 in in IN 34457 3138 12 general general JJ 34457 3138 13 , , , 34457 3138 14 not not RB 34457 3138 15 parallel parallel JJ 34457 3138 16 to to IN 34457 3138 17 the the DT 34457 3138 18 side side NN 34457 3138 19 of of IN 34457 3138 20 the the DT 34457 3138 21 triangle triangle NN 34457 3138 22 , , , 34457 3138 23 the the DT 34457 3138 24 critical critical JJ 34457 3138 25 point point NN 34457 3138 26 at at IN 34457 3138 27 which which WDT 34457 3138 28 the the DT 34457 3138 29 tie tie NN 34457 3138 30 - - HYPH 34457 3138 31 line line NN 34457 3138 32 vanishes vanishe NNS 34457 3138 33 will will MD 34457 3138 34 not not RB 34457 3138 35 be be VB 34457 3138 36 at at IN 34457 3138 37 the the DT 34457 3138 38 summit summit NN 34457 3138 39 of of IN 34457 3138 40 the the DT 34457 3138 41 curve curve NN 34457 3138 42 , , , 34457 3138 43 but but CC 34457 3138 44 somewhere somewhere RB 34457 3138 45 below below IN 34457 3138 46 this this DT 34457 3138 47 , , , 34457 3138 48 as as IN 34457 3138 49 represented represent VBN 34457 3138 50 by by IN 34457 3138 51 the the DT 34457 3138 52 point point NN 34457 3138 53 K. K. NNP 34457 3138 54 The the DT 34457 3138 55 curve curve NN 34457 3138 56 _ _ NNP 34457 3138 57 a_K_b a_K_b NNP 34457 3138 58 _ _ NNP 34457 3138 59 , , , 34457 3138 60 further far RBR 34457 3138 61 , , , 34457 3138 62 forms form VBZ 34457 3138 63 the the DT 34457 3138 64 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3138 65 between between IN 34457 3138 66 the the DT 34457 3138 67 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3138 68 and and CC 34457 3138 69 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3138 70 systems system NNS 34457 3138 71 . . . 34457 3139 1 A a DT 34457 3139 2 mixture mixture NN 34457 3139 3 of of IN 34457 3139 4 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3139 5 , , , 34457 3139 6 water water NN 34457 3139 7 , , , 34457 3139 8 and and CC 34457 3139 9 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3139 10 acid acid NN 34457 3139 11 represented represent VBN 34457 3139 12 by by IN 34457 3139 13 any any DT 34457 3139 14 point point NN 34457 3139 15 outside outside IN 34457 3139 16 the the DT 34457 3139 17 curve curve NN 34457 3139 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3139 19 a_K_b a_K_b NNP 34457 3139 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3139 21 , , , 34457 3139 22 will will MD 34457 3139 23 form form VB 34457 3139 24 only only RB 34457 3139 25 one one CD 34457 3139 26 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3139 27 phase phase NN 34457 3139 28 ; ; : 34457 3139 29 while while IN 34457 3139 30 any any DT 34457 3139 31 mixture mixture NN 34457 3139 32 represented represent VBN 34457 3139 33 by by IN 34457 3139 34 a a DT 34457 3139 35 point point NN 34457 3139 36 within within IN 34457 3139 37 the the DT 34457 3139 38 curve curve NN 34457 3139 39 , , , 34457 3139 40 will will MD 34457 3139 41 separate separate VB 34457 3139 42 into into IN 34457 3139 43 two two CD 34457 3139 44 layers layer NNS 34457 3139 45 having have VBG 34457 3139 46 the the DT 34457 3139 47 composition composition NN 34457 3139 48 represented represent VBN 34457 3139 49 by by IN 34457 3139 50 the the DT 34457 3139 51 ends end NNS 34457 3139 52 of of IN 34457 3139 53 the the DT 34457 3139 54 tie tie NN 34457 3139 55 - - HYPH 34457 3139 56 line line NN 34457 3139 57 passing pass VBG 34457 3139 58 through through IN 34457 3139 59 that that DT 34457 3139 60 point point NN 34457 3139 61 . . . 34457 3140 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3140 2 , , , 34457 3140 3 a a DT 34457 3140 4 mixture mixture NN 34457 3140 5 of of IN 34457 3140 6 the the DT 34457 3140 7 total total JJ 34457 3140 8 composition composition NN 34457 3140 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3140 10 x x NNP 34457 3140 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3140 12 , , , 34457 3140 13 will will MD 34457 3140 14 separate separate VB 34457 3140 15 into into IN 34457 3140 16 two two CD 34457 3140 17 layers layer NNS 34457 3140 18 having have VBG 34457 3140 19 the the DT 34457 3140 20 composition composition NN 34457 3140 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3140 22 a a DT 34457 3140 23 ' ' `` 34457 3140 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3140 25 and and CC 34457 3140 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3140 27 b b NNP 34457 3140 28 ' ' `` 34457 3140 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3140 30 respectively respectively RB 34457 3140 31 . . . 34457 3141 1 Since since IN 34457 3141 2 three three CD 34457 3141 3 components component NNS 34457 3141 4 existing exist VBG 34457 3141 5 in in IN 34457 3141 6 three three CD 34457 3141 7 phases phase NNS 34457 3141 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3141 9 two two CD 34457 3141 10 liquid liquid NN 34457 3141 11 and and CC 34457 3141 12 a a DT 34457 3141 13 vapour vapour NN 34457 3141 14 phase phase NN 34457 3141 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3141 16 constitute constitute VBP 34457 3141 17 a a DT 34457 3141 18 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 3141 19 system system NN 34457 3141 20 , , , 34457 3141 21 the the DT 34457 3141 22 final final JJ 34457 3141 23 result result NN 34457 3141 24 , , , 34457 3141 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3141 26 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 3141 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3141 28 the the DT 34457 3141 29 composition composition NN 34457 3141 30 of of IN 34457 3141 31 the the DT 34457 3141 32 two two CD 34457 3141 33 layers layer NNS 34457 3141 34 and and CC 34457 3141 35 the the DT 34457 3141 36 total total JJ 34457 3141 37 vapour vapour NN 34457 3141 38 pressure pressure NN 34457 3141 39 , , , 34457 3141 40 will will MD 34457 3141 41 not not RB 34457 3141 42 depend depend VB 34457 3141 43 merely merely RB 34457 3141 44 on on IN 34457 3141 45 the the DT 34457 3141 46 temperature temperature NN 34457 3141 47 , , , 34457 3141 48 as as IN 34457 3141 49 in in IN 34457 3141 50 the the DT 34457 3141 51 case case NN 34457 3141 52 of of IN 34457 3141 53 two two CD 34457 3141 54 - - HYPH 34457 3141 55 component component NN 34457 3141 56 systems system NNS 34457 3141 57 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3141 58 p. p. NN 34457 3141 59 102 102 CD 34457 3141 60 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3141 61 , , , 34457 3141 62 but but CC 34457 3141 63 also also RB 34457 3141 64 on on IN 34457 3141 65 the the DT 34457 3141 66 composition composition NN 34457 3141 67 of of IN 34457 3141 68 the the DT 34457 3141 69 mixture mixture NN 34457 3141 70 with with IN 34457 3141 71 which which WDT 34457 3141 72 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3141 73 start start VBP 34457 3141 74 . . . 34457 3142 1 At at IN 34457 3142 2 constant constant JJ 34457 3142 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3142 4 , , , 34457 3142 5 however however RB 34457 3142 6 , , , 34457 3142 7 all all DT 34457 3142 8 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3142 9 , , , 34457 3142 10 the the DT 34457 3142 11 composition composition NN 34457 3142 12 of of IN 34457 3142 13 which which WDT 34457 3142 14 is be VBZ 34457 3142 15 represented represent VBN 34457 3142 16 by by IN 34457 3142 17 a a DT 34457 3142 18 point point NN 34457 3142 19 on on IN 34457 3142 20 one one CD 34457 3142 21 and and CC 34457 3142 22 the the DT 34457 3142 23 same same JJ 34457 3142 24 tie tie NN 34457 3142 25 - - HYPH 34457 3142 26 line line NN 34457 3142 27 , , , 34457 3142 28 will will MD 34457 3142 29 separate separate VB 34457 3142 30 into into IN 34457 3142 31 the the DT 34457 3142 32 same same JJ 34457 3142 33 two two CD 34457 3142 34 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3142 35 phases phase NNS 34457 3142 36 , , , 34457 3142 37 although although IN 34457 3142 38 the the DT 34457 3142 39 relative relative JJ 34457 3142 40 _ _ NNP 34457 3142 41 amounts amount VBZ 34457 3142 42 _ _ NNP 34457 3142 43 of of IN 34457 3142 44 the the DT 34457 3142 45 two two CD 34457 3142 46 phases phase NNS 34457 3142 47 will will MD 34457 3142 48 vary vary VB 34457 3142 49 . . . 34457 3143 1 If if IN 34457 3143 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3143 3 omit omit VBP 34457 3143 4 the the DT 34457 3143 5 vapour vapour NN 34457 3143 6 phase phase NN 34457 3143 7 , , , 34457 3143 8 the the DT 34457 3143 9 condition condition NN 34457 3143 10 of of IN 34457 3143 11 the the DT 34457 3143 12 system system NN 34457 3143 13 will will MD 34457 3143 14 depend depend VB 34457 3143 15 on on IN 34457 3143 16 the the DT 34457 3143 17 pressure pressure NN 34457 3143 18 as as RB 34457 3143 19 well well RB 34457 3143 20 as as IN 34457 3143 21 on on IN 34457 3143 22 the the DT 34457 3143 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 3143 24 and and CC 34457 3143 25 composition composition NN 34457 3143 26 of of IN 34457 3143 27 the the DT 34457 3143 28 initial initial JJ 34457 3143 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 3143 30 . . . 34457 3144 1 By by IN 34457 3144 2 keeping keep VBG 34457 3144 3 the the DT 34457 3144 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 3144 5 constant constant JJ 34457 3144 6 , , , 34457 3144 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3144 8 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3144 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3144 10 at at IN 34457 3144 11 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 3144 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 3144 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3144 14 by by IN 34457 3144 15 working work VBG 34457 3144 16 with with IN 34457 3144 17 open open JJ 34457 3144 18 vessels vessel NNS 34457 3144 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3144 20 , , , 34457 3144 21 the the DT 34457 3144 22 system system NN 34457 3144 23 again again RB 34457 3144 24 becomes become VBZ 34457 3144 25 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 3144 26 . . . 34457 3145 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3145 2 see see VBP 34457 3145 3 , , , 34457 3145 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3145 5 , , , 34457 3145 6 that that IN 34457 3145 7 the the DT 34457 3145 8 position position NN 34457 3145 9 of of IN 34457 3145 10 the the DT 34457 3145 11 curve curve NN 34457 3145 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3145 13 a_K_b a_K_b NNP 34457 3145 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3145 15 , , , 34457 3145 16 or or CC 34457 3145 17 , , , 34457 3145 18 in in IN 34457 3145 19 other other JJ 34457 3145 20 words word NNS 34457 3145 21 , , , 34457 3145 22 the the DT 34457 3145 23 composition composition NN 34457 3145 24 of of IN 34457 3145 25 the the DT 34457 3145 26 different different JJ 34457 3145 27 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3145 28 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3145 29 solutions solution NNS 34457 3145 30 , , , 34457 3145 31 will will MD 34457 3145 32 vary vary VB 34457 3145 33 with with IN 34457 3145 34 the the DT 34457 3145 35 temperature temperature NN 34457 3145 36 , , , 34457 3145 37 and and CC 34457 3145 38 only only RB 34457 3145 39 with with IN 34457 3145 40 the the DT 34457 3145 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 3145 42 , , , 34457 3145 43 if if IN 34457 3145 44 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3145 45 assume assume VBP 34457 3145 46 either either CC 34457 3145 47 constancy constancy NN 34457 3145 48 of of IN 34457 3145 49 pressure pressure NN 34457 3145 50 or or CC 34457 3145 51 the the DT 34457 3145 52 presence presence NN 34457 3145 53 of of IN 34457 3145 54 the the DT 34457 3145 55 vapour vapour NN 34457 3145 56 phase phase NN 34457 3145 57 . . . 34457 3146 1 Since since IN 34457 3146 2 at at IN 34457 3146 3 the the DT 34457 3146 4 critical critical JJ 34457 3146 5 point point NN 34457 3146 6 the the DT 34457 3146 7 condition condition NN 34457 3146 8 is be VBZ 34457 3146 9 imposed impose VBN 34457 3146 10 that that IN 34457 3146 11 the the DT 34457 3146 12 two two CD 34457 3146 13 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3146 14 phases phase NNS 34457 3146 15 become become VBP 34457 3146 16 identical identical JJ 34457 3146 17 , , , 34457 3146 18 one one CD 34457 3146 19 degree degree NN 34457 3146 20 of of IN 34457 3146 21 freedom freedom NN 34457 3146 22 is be VBZ 34457 3146 23 thereby thereby RB 34457 3146 24 { { -LRB- 34457 3146 25 244 244 CD 34457 3146 26 } } -RRB- 34457 3146 27 lost lose VBN 34457 3146 28 , , , 34457 3146 29 and and CC 34457 3146 30 therefore therefore RB 34457 3146 31 only only RB 34457 3146 32 one one CD 34457 3146 33 degree degree NN 34457 3146 34 of of IN 34457 3146 35 freedom freedom NN 34457 3146 36 remains remain VBZ 34457 3146 37 . . . 34457 3147 1 The the DT 34457 3147 2 critical critical JJ 34457 3147 3 point point NN 34457 3147 4 , , , 34457 3147 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3147 6 , , , 34457 3147 7 depends depend VBZ 34457 3147 8 on on IN 34457 3147 9 the the DT 34457 3147 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 3147 11 , , , 34457 3147 12 and and CC 34457 3147 13 only only RB 34457 3147 14 on on IN 34457 3147 15 the the DT 34457 3147 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 3147 17 ; ; : 34457 3147 18 always always RB 34457 3147 19 on on IN 34457 3147 20 the the DT 34457 3147 21 assumption assumption NN 34457 3147 22 , , , 34457 3147 23 of of IN 34457 3147 24 course course NN 34457 3147 25 , , , 34457 3147 26 that that IN 34457 3147 27 the the DT 34457 3147 28 pressure pressure NN 34457 3147 29 is be VBZ 34457 3147 30 constant constant JJ 34457 3147 31 , , , 34457 3147 32 or or CC 34457 3147 33 that that IN 34457 3147 34 a a DT 34457 3147 35 vapour vapour NN 34457 3147 36 phase phase NN 34457 3147 37 is be VBZ 34457 3147 38 present present JJ 34457 3147 39 . . . 34457 3148 1 Fig fig NN 34457 3148 2 . . . 34457 3149 1 84 84 CD 34457 3149 2 , , , 34457 3149 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3149 4 , , , 34457 3149 5 represents represent VBZ 34457 3149 6 an an DT 34457 3149 7 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3149 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3149 9 p. p. NN 34457 3149 10 239 239 CD 34457 3149 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3149 12 . . . 34457 3150 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3150 2 is be VBZ 34457 3150 3 of of IN 34457 3150 4 importance importance NN 34457 3150 5 to to TO 34457 3150 6 note note VB 34457 3150 7 that that IN 34457 3150 8 the the DT 34457 3150 9 composition composition NN 34457 3150 10 of of IN 34457 3150 11 the the DT 34457 3150 12 different different JJ 34457 3150 13 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3150 14 solutions solution NNS 34457 3150 15 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3150 16 by by IN 34457 3150 17 the the DT 34457 3150 18 addition addition NN 34457 3150 19 of of IN 34457 3150 20 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3150 21 acid acid NN 34457 3150 22 to to IN 34457 3150 23 a a DT 34457 3150 24 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3150 25 mixture mixture NN 34457 3150 26 of of IN 34457 3150 27 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3150 28 and and CC 34457 3150 29 water water NN 34457 3150 30 , , , 34457 3150 31 will will MD 34457 3150 32 depend depend VB 34457 3150 33 not not RB 34457 3150 34 only only RB 34457 3150 35 on on IN 34457 3150 36 the the DT 34457 3150 37 amount amount NN 34457 3150 38 of of IN 34457 3150 39 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3150 40 acid acid NN 34457 3150 41 added add VBD 34457 3150 42 , , , 34457 3150 43 but but CC 34457 3150 44 also also RB 34457 3150 45 on on IN 34457 3150 46 the the DT 34457 3150 47 relative relative JJ 34457 3150 48 amounts amount NNS 34457 3150 49 of of IN 34457 3150 50 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3150 51 and and CC 34457 3150 52 water water NN 34457 3150 53 at at IN 34457 3150 54 the the DT 34457 3150 55 commencement commencement NN 34457 3150 56 . . . 34457 3151 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 3151 2 , , , 34457 3151 3 for for IN 34457 3151 4 example example NN 34457 3151 5 , , , 34457 3151 6 that that IN 34457 3151 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3151 8 start start VBP 34457 3151 9 with with IN 34457 3151 10 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3151 11 and and CC 34457 3151 12 water water NN 34457 3151 13 in in IN 34457 3151 14 the the DT 34457 3151 15 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3151 16 represented represent VBN 34457 3151 17 by by IN 34457 3151 18 the the DT 34457 3151 19 point point NN 34457 3151 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3151 21 c c NNP 34457 3151 22 ' ' '' 34457 3151 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3151 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3151 25 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3151 26 . . . 34457 3152 1 84 84 CD 34457 3152 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3152 3 . . . 34457 3153 1 On on IN 34457 3153 2 mixing mix VBG 34457 3153 3 these these DT 34457 3153 4 , , , 34457 3153 5 two two CD 34457 3153 6 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3153 7 layers layer NNS 34457 3153 8 having have VBG 34457 3153 9 the the DT 34457 3153 10 composition composition NN 34457 3153 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3153 12 a a DT 34457 3153 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3153 14 and and CC 34457 3153 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3153 16 b b NNP 34457 3153 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3153 18 respectively respectively RB 34457 3153 19 will will MD 34457 3153 20 be be VB 34457 3153 21 formed form VBN 34457 3153 22 . . . 34457 3154 1 Since since IN 34457 3154 2 by by IN 34457 3154 3 the the DT 34457 3154 4 addition addition NN 34457 3154 5 of of IN 34457 3154 6 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3154 7 acid acid NN 34457 3154 8 the the DT 34457 3154 9 relative relative JJ 34457 3154 10 amounts amount NNS 34457 3154 11 of of IN 34457 3154 12 these these DT 34457 3154 13 two two CD 34457 3154 14 substances substance NNS 34457 3154 15 in in IN 34457 3154 16 the the DT 34457 3154 17 system system NN 34457 3154 18 as as IN 34457 3154 19 a a DT 34457 3154 20 whole whole NN 34457 3154 21 can can MD 34457 3154 22 not not RB 34457 3154 23 undergo undergo VB 34457 3154 24 alteration alteration NN 34457 3154 25 , , , 34457 3154 26 the the DT 34457 3154 27 total total JJ 34457 3154 28 composition composition NN 34457 3154 29 of of IN 34457 3154 30 the the DT 34457 3154 31 different different JJ 34457 3154 32 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3154 33 systems system NNS 34457 3154 34 which which WDT 34457 3154 35 will will MD 34457 3154 36 be be VB 34457 3154 37 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3154 38 must must MD 34457 3154 39 be be VB 34457 3154 40 represented represent VBN 34457 3154 41 by by IN 34457 3154 42 a a DT 34457 3154 43 point point NN 34457 3154 44 on on IN 34457 3154 45 the the DT 34457 3154 46 line line NN 34457 3154 47 C_c c_c CD 34457 3154 48 ' ' `` 34457 3154 49 _ _ NNP 34457 3154 50 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3154 51 p. p. NN 34457 3154 52 238 238 CD 34457 3154 53 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3154 54 . . . 34457 3155 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3155 2 , , , 34457 3155 3 for for IN 34457 3155 4 example example NN 34457 3155 5 , , , 34457 3155 6 by by IN 34457 3155 7 the the DT 34457 3155 8 addition addition NN 34457 3155 9 of of IN 34457 3155 10 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3155 11 acid acid NN 34457 3155 12 a a DT 34457 3155 13 system system NN 34457 3155 14 may may MD 34457 3155 15 be be VB 34457 3155 16 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3155 17 , , , 34457 3155 18 the the DT 34457 3155 19 total total JJ 34457 3155 20 composition composition NN 34457 3155 21 of of IN 34457 3155 22 which which WDT 34457 3155 23 is be VBZ 34457 3155 24 represented represent VBN 34457 3155 25 by by IN 34457 3155 26 the the DT 34457 3155 27 point point NN 34457 3155 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3155 29 c c NNP 34457 3155 30 " " `` 34457 3155 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3155 32 . . . 34457 3156 1 Such such PDT 34457 3156 2 a a DT 34457 3156 3 system system NN 34457 3156 4 , , , 34457 3156 5 however however RB 34457 3156 6 , , , 34457 3156 7 will will MD 34457 3156 8 separate separate VB 34457 3156 9 into into IN 34457 3156 10 two two CD 34457 3156 11 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3156 12 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3156 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 3156 14 , , , 34457 3156 15 the the DT 34457 3156 16 composition composition NN 34457 3156 17 of of IN 34457 3156 18 which which WDT 34457 3156 19 will will MD 34457 3156 20 be be VB 34457 3156 21 represented represent VBN 34457 3156 22 by by IN 34457 3156 23 the the DT 34457 3156 24 ends end NNS 34457 3156 25 of of IN 34457 3156 26 the the DT 34457 3156 27 tie tie NN 34457 3156 28 - - HYPH 34457 3156 29 line line NN 34457 3156 30 passing pass VBG 34457 3156 31 through through IN 34457 3156 32 the the DT 34457 3156 33 point point NN 34457 3156 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3156 35 c c NNP 34457 3156 36 " " `` 34457 3156 37 _ _ NNP 34457 3156 38 . . . 34457 3157 1 So so RB 34457 3157 2 long long RB 34457 3157 3 as as IN 34457 3157 4 the the DT 34457 3157 5 total total JJ 34457 3157 6 composition composition NN 34457 3157 7 of of IN 34457 3157 8 the the DT 34457 3157 9 system system NN 34457 3157 10 lies lie VBZ 34457 3157 11 below below IN 34457 3157 12 the the DT 34457 3157 13 point point NN 34457 3157 14 S S NNP 34457 3157 15 , , , 34457 3157 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3157 17 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 3157 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3157 19 the the DT 34457 3157 20 point point NN 34457 3157 21 of of IN 34457 3157 22 intersection intersection NN 34457 3157 23 of of IN 34457 3157 24 the the DT 34457 3157 25 line line NN 34457 3157 26 C_c c_c CD 34457 3157 27 ' ' `` 34457 3157 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3157 29 with with IN 34457 3157 30 the the DT 34457 3157 31 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3157 32 curve curve NN 34457 3157 33 , , , 34457 3157 34 two two CD 34457 3157 35 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3157 36 layers layer NNS 34457 3157 37 will will MD 34457 3157 38 be be VB 34457 3157 39 formed form VBN 34457 3157 40 ; ; : 34457 3157 41 while while IN 34457 3157 42 all all DT 34457 3157 43 systems system NNS 34457 3157 44 having have VBG 34457 3157 45 a a DT 34457 3157 46 total total JJ 34457 3157 47 composition composition NN 34457 3157 48 represented represent VBN 34457 3157 49 by by IN 34457 3157 50 a a DT 34457 3157 51 point point NN 34457 3157 52 on on IN 34457 3157 53 the the DT 34457 3157 54 line line NN 34457 3157 55 C_c c_c CD 34457 3157 56 ' ' `` 34457 3157 57 _ _ NNP 34457 3157 58 , , , 34457 3157 59 above above IN 34457 3157 60 S S NNP 34457 3157 61 , , , 34457 3157 62 will will MD 34457 3157 63 form form VB 34457 3157 64 only only RB 34457 3157 65 one one CD 34457 3157 66 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3157 67 solution solution NN 34457 3157 68 . . . 34457 3158 1 From from IN 34457 3158 2 the the DT 34457 3158 3 figure figure NN 34457 3158 4 , , , 34457 3158 5 also also RB 34457 3158 6 , , , 34457 3158 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3158 8 is be VBZ 34457 3158 9 evident evident JJ 34457 3158 10 that that IN 34457 3158 11 as as IN 34457 3158 12 the the DT 34457 3158 13 amount amount NN 34457 3158 14 of of IN 34457 3158 15 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3158 16 acid acid NN 34457 3158 17 is be VBZ 34457 3158 18 increased increase VBN 34457 3158 19 , , , 34457 3158 20 the the DT 34457 3158 21 relative relative JJ 34457 3158 22 amounts amount NNS 34457 3158 23 of of IN 34457 3158 24 the the DT 34457 3158 25 two two CD 34457 3158 26 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3158 27 layers layer NNS 34457 3158 28 formed form VBD 34457 3158 29 differ differ VBP 34457 3158 30 more more RBR 34457 3158 31 and and CC 34457 3158 32 more more RBR 34457 3158 33 until until IN 34457 3158 34 at at IN 34457 3158 35 S S NNP 34457 3158 36 a a DT 34457 3158 37 limiting limit VBG 34457 3158 38 position position NN 34457 3158 39 is be VBZ 34457 3158 40 reached reach VBN 34457 3158 41 , , , 34457 3158 42 when when WRB 34457 3158 43 the the DT 34457 3158 44 amount amount NN 34457 3158 45 of of IN 34457 3158 46 the the DT 34457 3158 47 one one CD 34457 3158 48 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3158 49 layer layer NN 34457 3158 50 dwindles dwindle NNS 34457 3158 51 to to IN 34457 3158 52 nought nought NN 34457 3158 53 , , , 34457 3158 54 and and CC 34457 3158 55 only only RB 34457 3158 56 one one CD 34457 3158 57 solution solution NN 34457 3158 58 remains remain VBZ 34457 3158 59 . . . 34457 3159 1 The the DT 34457 3159 2 same same JJ 34457 3159 3 reasoning reasoning NN 34457 3159 4 can can MD 34457 3159 5 be be VB 34457 3159 6 carried carry VBN 34457 3159 7 through through RB 34457 3159 8 for for IN 34457 3159 9 different different JJ 34457 3159 10 initial initial JJ 34457 3159 11 amounts amount NNS 34457 3159 12 of of IN 34457 3159 13 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3159 14 and and CC 34457 3159 15 water water NN 34457 3159 16 , , , 34457 3159 17 but but CC 34457 3159 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3159 19 would would MD 34457 3159 20 be be VB 34457 3159 21 fruitless fruitless JJ 34457 3159 22 to to TO 34457 3159 23 discuss discuss VB 34457 3159 24 all all PDT 34457 3159 25 the the DT 34457 3159 26 different different JJ 34457 3159 27 systems system NNS 34457 3159 28 which which WDT 34457 3159 29 can can MD 34457 3159 30 be be VB 34457 3159 31 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3159 32 . . . 34457 3160 1 The the DT 34457 3160 2 reason reason NN 34457 3160 3 for for IN 34457 3160 4 the the DT 34457 3160 5 preceding precede VBG 34457 3160 6 discussion discussion NN 34457 3160 7 was be VBD 34457 3160 8 to to TO 34457 3160 9 show show VB 34457 3160 10 that that IN 34457 3160 11 { { -LRB- 34457 3160 12 245 245 CD 34457 3160 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3160 14 although although IN 34457 3160 15 the the DT 34457 3160 16 addition addition NN 34457 3160 17 of of IN 34457 3160 18 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3160 19 acid acid NN 34457 3160 20 to to IN 34457 3160 21 a a DT 34457 3160 22 mixture mixture NN 34457 3160 23 of of IN 34457 3160 24 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3160 25 and and CC 34457 3160 26 water water NN 34457 3160 27 will will MD 34457 3160 28 , , , 34457 3160 29 in in IN 34457 3160 30 all all DT 34457 3160 31 cases case NNS 34457 3160 32 , , , 34457 3160 33 lead lead VBP 34457 3160 34 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 3160 35 to to IN 34457 3160 36 a a DT 34457 3160 37 limiting limit VBG 34457 3160 38 system system NN 34457 3160 39 , , , 34457 3160 40 beyond beyond IN 34457 3160 41 which which WDT 34457 3160 42 homogeneity homogeneity NN 34457 3160 43 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3160 44 , , , 34457 3160 45 that that DT 34457 3160 46 point point NN 34457 3160 47 is be VBZ 34457 3160 48 not not RB 34457 3160 49 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 3160 50 the the DT 34457 3160 51 critical critical JJ 34457 3160 52 point point NN 34457 3160 53 . . . 34457 3161 1 On on IN 34457 3161 2 the the DT 34457 3161 3 contrary contrary NN 34457 3161 4 , , , 34457 3161 5 in in IN 34457 3161 6 order order NN 34457 3161 7 that that IN 34457 3161 8 addition addition NN 34457 3161 9 of of IN 34457 3161 10 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3161 11 acid acid NN 34457 3161 12 shall shall MD 34457 3161 13 lead lead VB 34457 3161 14 to to IN 34457 3161 15 the the DT 34457 3161 16 critical critical JJ 34457 3161 17 mixture mixture NN 34457 3161 18 , , , 34457 3161 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3161 20 is be VBZ 34457 3161 21 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3161 22 to to TO 34457 3161 23 start start VB 34457 3161 24 with with IN 34457 3161 25 a a DT 34457 3161 26 binary binary JJ 34457 3161 27 mixture mixture NN 34457 3161 28 of of IN 34457 3161 29 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3161 30 and and CC 34457 3161 31 water water NN 34457 3161 32 in in IN 34457 3161 33 the the DT 34457 3161 34 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3161 35 represented represent VBN 34457 3161 36 by by IN 34457 3161 37 the the DT 34457 3161 38 point point NN 34457 3161 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3161 40 c c NNP 34457 3161 41 ' ' '' 34457 3161 42 _ _ NNP 34457 3161 43 . . . 34457 3162 1 In in IN 34457 3162 2 this this DT 34457 3162 3 case case NN 34457 3162 4 , , , 34457 3162 5 addition addition NN 34457 3162 6 of of IN 34457 3162 7 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3162 8 acid acid NN 34457 3162 9 will will MD 34457 3162 10 give give VB 34457 3162 11 rise rise NN 34457 3162 12 to to IN 34457 3162 13 a a DT 34457 3162 14 series series NN 34457 3162 15 of of IN 34457 3162 16 conjugate conjugate JJ 34457 3162 17 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3162 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 3162 19 , , , 34457 3162 20 the the DT 34457 3162 21 composition composition NN 34457 3162 22 of of IN 34457 3162 23 which which WDT 34457 3162 24 will will MD 34457 3162 25 gradually gradually RB 34457 3162 26 approach approach VB 34457 3162 27 to to IN 34457 3162 28 one one CD 34457 3162 29 another another DT 34457 3162 30 , , , 34457 3162 31 and and CC 34457 3162 32 at at IN 34457 3162 33 last last JJ 34457 3162 34 become become NN 34457 3162 35 identical identical JJ 34457 3162 36 . . . 34457 3163 1 From from IN 34457 3163 2 the the DT 34457 3163 3 foregoing foregoing NN 34457 3163 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3163 5 will will MD 34457 3163 6 be be VB 34457 3163 7 evident evident JJ 34457 3163 8 that that IN 34457 3163 9 the the DT 34457 3163 10 amount amount NN 34457 3163 11 of of IN 34457 3163 12 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3163 13 acid acid NN 34457 3163 14 required require VBN 34457 3163 15 to to TO 34457 3163 16 produce produce VB 34457 3163 17 a a DT 34457 3163 18 homogenous homogenous JJ 34457 3163 19 solution solution NN 34457 3163 20 , , , 34457 3163 21 will will MD 34457 3163 22 depend depend VB 34457 3163 23 on on IN 34457 3163 24 the the DT 34457 3163 25 relative relative JJ 34457 3163 26 amounts amount NNS 34457 3163 27 of of IN 34457 3163 28 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3163 29 and and CC 34457 3163 30 water water NN 34457 3163 31 from from IN 34457 3163 32 which which WDT 34457 3163 33 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3163 34 start start VBP 34457 3163 35 , , , 34457 3163 36 and and CC 34457 3163 37 can can MD 34457 3163 38 be be VB 34457 3163 39 ascertained ascertain VBN 34457 3163 40 by by IN 34457 3163 41 joining join VBG 34457 3163 42 the the DT 34457 3163 43 corner corner NN 34457 3163 44 C c NN 34457 3163 45 with with IN 34457 3163 46 the the DT 34457 3163 47 point point NN 34457 3163 48 on on IN 34457 3163 49 the the DT 34457 3163 50 line line NN 34457 3163 51 AB ab NN 34457 3163 52 representing represent VBG 34457 3163 53 the the DT 34457 3163 54 total total JJ 34457 3163 55 composition composition NN 34457 3163 56 of of IN 34457 3163 57 the the DT 34457 3163 58 initial initial JJ 34457 3163 59 binary binary JJ 34457 3163 60 system system NN 34457 3163 61 . . . 34457 3164 1 The the DT 34457 3164 2 point point NN 34457 3164 3 where where WRB 34457 3164 4 this this DT 34457 3164 5 line line NN 34457 3164 6 intersects intersect VBZ 34457 3164 7 the the DT 34457 3164 8 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3164 9 curve curve NN 34457 3164 10 _ _ NNP 34457 3164 11 a_K_b a_K_b NNP 34457 3164 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3164 13 will will MD 34457 3164 14 indicate indicate VB 34457 3164 15 the the DT 34457 3164 16 minimum minimum JJ 34457 3164 17 amount amount NN 34457 3164 18 of of IN 34457 3164 19 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3164 20 acid acid NN 34457 3164 21 which which WDT 34457 3164 22 , , , 34457 3164 23 under under IN 34457 3164 24 these these DT 34457 3164 25 particular particular JJ 34457 3164 26 conditions condition NNS 34457 3164 27 , , , 34457 3164 28 is be VBZ 34457 3164 29 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3164 30 to to TO 34457 3164 31 give give VB 34457 3164 32 one one CD 34457 3164 33 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3164 34 solution solution NN 34457 3164 35 . . . 34457 3165 1 Retrograde Retrograde NNP 34457 3165 2 Solubility.--As Solubility.--As NNP 34457 3165 3 a a DT 34457 3165 4 consequence consequence NN 34457 3165 5 of of IN 34457 3165 6 the the DT 34457 3165 7 fact fact NN 34457 3165 8 that that IN 34457 3165 9 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3165 10 acid acid NN 34457 3165 11 distributes distribute VBZ 34457 3165 12 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 3165 13 unequally unequally RB 34457 3165 14 between between IN 34457 3165 15 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3165 16 and and CC 34457 3165 17 water water NN 34457 3165 18 , , , 34457 3165 19 and and CC 34457 3165 20 the the DT 34457 3165 21 critical critical JJ 34457 3165 22 point point NN 34457 3165 23 K K NNP 34457 3165 24 , , , 34457 3165 25 therefore therefore RB 34457 3165 26 , , , 34457 3165 27 does do VBZ 34457 3165 28 not not RB 34457 3165 29 lie lie VB 34457 3165 30 at at IN 34457 3165 31 the the DT 34457 3165 32 summit summit NN 34457 3165 33 of of IN 34457 3165 34 the the DT 34457 3165 35 curve curve NN 34457 3165 36 , , , 34457 3165 37 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3165 38 is be VBZ 34457 3165 39 possible possible JJ 34457 3165 40 to to TO 34457 3165 41 start start VB 34457 3165 42 with with IN 34457 3165 43 a a DT 34457 3165 44 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3165 45 solution solution NN 34457 3165 46 in in IN 34457 3165 47 which which WDT 34457 3165 48 the the DT 34457 3165 49 percentage percentage NN 34457 3165 50 amount amount NN 34457 3165 51 of of IN 34457 3165 52 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3165 53 acid acid NN 34457 3165 54 is be VBZ 34457 3165 55 greater great JJR 34457 3165 56 than than IN 34457 3165 57 at at IN 34457 3165 58 the the DT 34457 3165 59 critical critical JJ 34457 3165 60 point point NN 34457 3165 61 , , , 34457 3165 62 and and CC 34457 3165 63 to to TO 34457 3165 64 pass pass VB 34457 3165 65 from from IN 34457 3165 66 this this DT 34457 3165 67 first first JJ 34457 3165 68 to to IN 34457 3165 69 a a DT 34457 3165 70 heterogenous heterogenous JJ 34457 3165 71 and and CC 34457 3165 72 then then RB 34457 3165 73 again again RB 34457 3165 74 to to IN 34457 3165 75 a a DT 34457 3165 76 homogenous homogenous JJ 34457 3165 77 system system NN 34457 3165 78 merely merely RB 34457 3165 79 by by IN 34457 3165 80 altering alter VBG 34457 3165 81 the the DT 34457 3165 82 relative relative JJ 34457 3165 83 amounts amount NNS 34457 3165 84 of of IN 34457 3165 85 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3165 86 and and CC 34457 3165 87 water water NN 34457 3165 88 . . . 34457 3166 1 This this DT 34457 3166 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 3166 3 , , , 34457 3166 4 to to TO 34457 3166 5 which which WDT 34457 3166 6 the the DT 34457 3166 7 term term NN 34457 3166 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3166 9 retrograde retrograde NN 34457 3166 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 3166 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3166 12 is be VBZ 34457 3166 13 applied apply VBN 34457 3166 14 , , , 34457 3166 15 will will MD 34457 3166 16 be be VB 34457 3166 17 observed observe VBN 34457 3166 18 not not RB 34457 3166 19 only only RB 34457 3166 20 in in IN 34457 3166 21 the the DT 34457 3166 22 case case NN 34457 3166 23 of of IN 34457 3166 24 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3166 25 , , , 34457 3166 26 water water NN 34457 3166 27 , , , 34457 3166 28 and and CC 34457 3166 29 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3166 30 acid acid NN 34457 3166 31 , , , 34457 3166 32 but but CC 34457 3166 33 in in IN 34457 3166 34 all all DT 34457 3166 35 other other JJ 34457 3166 36 systems system NNS 34457 3166 37 in in IN 34457 3166 38 which which WDT 34457 3166 39 the the DT 34457 3166 40 critical critical JJ 34457 3166 41 point point NN 34457 3166 42 lies lie VBZ 34457 3166 43 below below IN 34457 3166 44 the the DT 34457 3166 45 highest high JJS 34457 3166 46 point point NN 34457 3166 47 of of IN 34457 3166 48 the the DT 34457 3166 49 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3166 50 curve curve NN 34457 3166 51 for for IN 34457 3166 52 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3166 53 systems system NNS 34457 3166 54 . . . 34457 3167 1 This this DT 34457 3167 2 will will MD 34457 3167 3 be be VB 34457 3167 4 seen see VBN 34457 3167 5 from from IN 34457 3167 6 the the DT 34457 3167 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 3167 8 , , , 34457 3167 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3167 10 . . . 34457 3168 1 85 85 CD 34457 3168 2 . . . 34457 3169 1 Starting start VBG 34457 3169 2 with with IN 34457 3169 3 the the DT 34457 3169 4 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3169 5 system system NN 34457 3169 6 represented represent VBN 34457 3169 7 by by IN 34457 3169 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 9 x x NNP 34457 3169 10 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 11 , , , 34457 3169 12 in in IN 34457 3169 13 which which WDT 34457 3169 14 , , , 34457 3169 15 therefore therefore RB 34457 3169 16 , , , 34457 3169 17 the the DT 34457 3169 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 3169 19 of of IN 34457 3169 20 C C NNP 34457 3169 21 is be VBZ 34457 3169 22 greater great JJR 34457 3169 23 than than IN 34457 3169 24 in in IN 34457 3169 25 the the DT 34457 3169 26 critical critical JJ 34457 3169 27 mixture mixture NN 34457 3169 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3169 29 K K NNP 34457 3169 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3169 31 , , , 34457 3169 32 if if IN 34457 3169 33 the the DT 34457 3169 34 relative relative JJ 34457 3169 35 amounts amount NNS 34457 3169 36 of of IN 34457 3169 37 A a NN 34457 3169 38 and and CC 34457 3169 39 B b NN 34457 3169 40 are be VBP 34457 3169 41 altered alter VBN 34457 3169 42 in in IN 34457 3169 43 the the DT 34457 3169 44 direction direction NN 34457 3169 45 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 46 xx xx IN 34457 3169 47 ' ' `` 34457 3169 48 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 49 , , , 34457 3169 50 while while IN 34457 3169 51 the the DT 34457 3169 52 amount amount NN 34457 3169 53 of of IN 34457 3169 54 C C NNP 34457 3169 55 is be VBZ 34457 3169 56 maintained maintain VBN 34457 3169 57 constant constant JJ 34457 3169 58 , , , 34457 3169 59 the the DT 34457 3169 60 system system NN 34457 3169 61 will will MD 34457 3169 62 become become VB 34457 3169 63 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3169 64 when when WRB 34457 3169 65 the the DT 34457 3169 66 composition composition NN 34457 3169 67 reaches reach VBZ 34457 3169 68 the the DT 34457 3169 69 point point NN 34457 3169 70 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 71 y y NNP 34457 3169 72 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 73 , , , 34457 3169 74 and and CC 34457 3169 75 will will MD 34457 3169 76 remain remain VB 34457 3169 77 { { -LRB- 34457 3169 78 246 246 CD 34457 3169 79 } } -RRB- 34457 3169 80 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3169 81 with with IN 34457 3169 82 changing change VBG 34457 3169 83 composition composition NN 34457 3169 84 until until IN 34457 3169 85 the the DT 34457 3169 86 point point NN 34457 3169 87 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 88 y y NNP 34457 3169 89 ' ' '' 34457 3169 90 _ _ NNP 34457 3169 91 is be VBZ 34457 3169 92 passed pass VBN 34457 3169 93 , , , 34457 3169 94 when when WRB 34457 3169 95 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3169 96 will will MD 34457 3169 97 again again RB 34457 3169 98 become become VB 34457 3169 99 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3169 100 . . . 34457 3170 1 If if IN 34457 3170 2 the the DT 34457 3170 3 relative relative JJ 34457 3170 4 concentration concentration NN 34457 3170 5 of of IN 34457 3170 6 C C NNP 34457 3170 7 is be VBZ 34457 3170 8 increased increase VBN 34457 3170 9 above above IN 34457 3170 10 that that DT 34457 3170 11 represented represent VBN 34457 3170 12 by by IN 34457 3170 13 the the DT 34457 3170 14 line line NN 34457 3170 15 SS SS NNP 34457 3170 16 , , , 34457 3170 17 this this DT 34457 3170 18 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 3170 19 will will MD 34457 3170 20 , , , 34457 3170 21 of of IN 34457 3170 22 course course NN 34457 3170 23 , , , 34457 3170 24 no no RB 34457 3170 25 longer longer RB 34457 3170 26 be be VB 34457 3170 27 observed observe VBN 34457 3170 28 . . . 34457 3171 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3171 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3171 3 : : : 34457 3171 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3171 5 . . . 34457 3172 1 85 85 CD 34457 3172 2 . . . 34457 3172 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3173 1 Relationships relationship NNS 34457 3173 2 similar similar JJ 34457 3173 3 to to IN 34457 3173 4 those those DT 34457 3173 5 described describe VBN 34457 3173 6 for for IN 34457 3173 7 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3173 8 , , , 34457 3173 9 water water NN 34457 3173 10 , , , 34457 3173 11 and and CC 34457 3173 12 acetic acetic JJ 34457 3173 13 acid acid NN 34457 3173 14 are be VBP 34457 3173 15 also also RB 34457 3173 16 found find VBN 34457 3173 17 in in IN 34457 3173 18 the the DT 34457 3173 19 case case NN 34457 3173 20 of of IN 34457 3173 21 a a DT 34457 3173 22 number number NN 34457 3173 23 of of IN 34457 3173 24 other other JJ 34457 3173 25 trios trio NNS 34457 3173 26 , , , 34457 3173 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3173 28 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3173 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3173 30 ether ether NN 34457 3173 31 , , , 34457 3173 32 water water NN 34457 3173 33 , , , 34457 3173 34 and and CC 34457 3173 35 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3173 36 ; ; : 34457 3173 37 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 3173 38 , , , 34457 3173 39 water water NN 34457 3173 40 , , , 34457 3173 41 and and CC 34457 3173 42 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3173 43 . . . 34457 3174 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3174 2 322 322 CD 34457 3174 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3174 4 They -PRON- PRP 34457 3174 5 have have VBP 34457 3174 6 also also RB 34457 3174 7 been be VBN 34457 3174 8 observed observe VBN 34457 3174 9 in in IN 34457 3174 10 the the DT 34457 3174 11 case case NN 34457 3174 12 of of IN 34457 3174 13 a a DT 34457 3174 14 considerable considerable JJ 34457 3174 15 number number NN 34457 3174 16 of of IN 34457 3174 17 molten molten JJ 34457 3174 18 metals metal NNS 34457 3174 19 . . . 34457 3175 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3175 2 323 323 CD 34457 3175 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3175 4 Thus thus RB 34457 3175 5 , , , 34457 3175 6 molten molten JJ 34457 3175 7 lead lead NN 34457 3175 8 and and CC 34457 3175 9 silver silver NN 34457 3175 10 , , , 34457 3175 11 as as RB 34457 3175 12 well well RB 34457 3175 13 as as IN 34457 3175 14 molten molten JJ 34457 3175 15 zinc zinc NN 34457 3175 16 and and CC 34457 3175 17 silver silver NN 34457 3175 18 , , , 34457 3175 19 mix mix VB 34457 3175 20 in in IN 34457 3175 21 all all DT 34457 3175 22 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3175 23 ; ; : 34457 3175 24 but but CC 34457 3175 25 molten molten JJ 34457 3175 26 lead lead NN 34457 3175 27 and and CC 34457 3175 28 zinc zinc NN 34457 3175 29 are be VBP 34457 3175 30 only only RB 34457 3175 31 partially partially RB 34457 3175 32 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3175 33 with with IN 34457 3175 34 one one CD 34457 3175 35 another another DT 34457 3175 36 . . . 34457 3176 1 When when WRB 34457 3176 2 melted melt VBN 34457 3176 3 together together RB 34457 3176 4 , , , 34457 3176 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3176 6 , , , 34457 3176 7 the the DT 34457 3176 8 last last JJ 34457 3176 9 two two CD 34457 3176 10 metals metal NNS 34457 3176 11 will will MD 34457 3176 12 separate separate VB 34457 3176 13 into into IN 34457 3176 14 two two CD 34457 3176 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3176 16 layers layer NNS 34457 3176 17 , , , 34457 3176 18 one one CD 34457 3176 19 rich rich JJ 34457 3176 20 in in IN 34457 3176 21 lead lead NN 34457 3176 22 , , , 34457 3176 23 the the DT 34457 3176 24 other other JJ 34457 3176 25 rich rich JJ 34457 3176 26 in in IN 34457 3176 27 zinc zinc NN 34457 3176 28 . . . 34457 3177 1 If if IN 34457 3177 2 silver silver NN 34457 3177 3 is be VBZ 34457 3177 4 now now RB 34457 3177 5 added add VBN 34457 3177 6 , , , 34457 3177 7 and and CC 34457 3177 8 the the DT 34457 3177 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3177 10 maintained maintain VBD 34457 3177 11 above above IN 34457 3177 12 the the DT 34457 3177 13 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3177 14 point point NN 34457 3177 15 of of IN 34457 3177 16 the the DT 34457 3177 17 mixture mixture NN 34457 3177 18 , , , 34457 3177 19 the the DT 34457 3177 20 silver silver NN 34457 3177 21 passes pass VBZ 34457 3177 22 for for IN 34457 3177 23 the the DT 34457 3177 24 most most JJS 34457 3177 25 part part NN 34457 3177 26 , , , 34457 3177 27 in in IN 34457 3177 28 accordance accordance NN 34457 3177 29 with with IN 34457 3177 30 the the DT 34457 3177 31 law law NN 34457 3177 32 of of IN 34457 3177 33 distribution distribution NN 34457 3177 34 , , , 34457 3177 35 into into IN 34457 3177 36 the the DT 34457 3177 37 upper upper JJ 34457 3177 38 layer layer NN 34457 3177 39 , , , 34457 3177 40 which which WDT 34457 3177 41 is be VBZ 34457 3177 42 rich rich JJ 34457 3177 43 in in IN 34457 3177 44 zinc zinc NN 34457 3177 45 ; ; : 34457 3177 46 silver silver NN 34457 3177 47 being be VBG 34457 3177 48 more more RBR 34457 3177 49 soluble soluble JJ 34457 3177 50 in in IN 34457 3177 51 molten molten JJ 34457 3177 52 zinc zinc NN 34457 3177 53 than than IN 34457 3177 54 in in IN 34457 3177 55 molten molten JJ 34457 3177 56 lead lead NN 34457 3177 57 . . . 34457 3178 1 This this DT 34457 3178 2 is be VBZ 34457 3178 3 clearly clearly RB 34457 3178 4 shown show VBN 34457 3178 5 by by IN 34457 3178 6 the the DT 34457 3178 7 following follow VBG 34457 3178 8 figures:--[324 figures:--[324 NN 34457 3178 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3178 10 { { -LRB- 34457 3178 11 247 247 CD 34457 3178 12 } } -RRB- 34457 3178 13 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3178 14 Heavier heavy JJR 34457 3178 15 alloy alloy NN 34457 3178 16 . . . 34457 3179 1 | | NNP 34457 3179 2 Lighter Lighter NNP 34457 3179 3 alloy alloy NN 34457 3179 4 . . . 34457 3180 1 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3180 2 Percentage percentage NN 34457 3180 3 amount amount NN 34457 3180 4 of of IN 34457 3180 5 | | JJ 34457 3180 6 Percentage percentage NN 34457 3180 7 amount amount NN 34457 3180 8 of of IN 34457 3180 9 Silver silver NN 34457 3180 10 . . . 34457 3181 1 | | NNP 34457 3181 2 Lead Lead NNP 34457 3181 3 . . . 34457 3182 1 | | NNP 34457 3182 2 Zinc Zinc NNP 34457 3182 3 . . . 34457 3183 1 | | JJ 34457 3183 2 Silver Silver NNP 34457 3183 3 . . . 34457 3184 1 | | NNP 34457 3184 2 Lead Lead NNP 34457 3184 3 . . . 34457 3185 1 | | NNP 34457 3185 2 Zinc Zinc NNP 34457 3185 3 . . . 34457 3186 1 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3186 2 1.25 1.25 CD 34457 3186 3 | | CD 34457 3186 4 96.69 96.69 CD 34457 3186 5 | | CD 34457 3186 6 2.06 2.06 CD 34457 3186 7 | | CD 34457 3186 8 38.91 38.91 CD 34457 3186 9 | | CD 34457 3186 10 3.12 3.12 CD 34457 3186 11 | | CD 34457 3186 12 57.97 57.97 CD 34457 3186 13 1.71 1.71 CD 34457 3186 14 | | CD 34457 3186 15 96.43 96.43 CD 34457 3186 16 | | CD 34457 3186 17 1.86 1.86 CD 34457 3186 18 | | CD 34457 3186 19 45.01 45.01 CD 34457 3186 20 | | CD 34457 3186 21 3.37 3.37 CD 34457 3186 22 | | CD 34457 3186 23 51.62 51.62 CD 34457 3186 24 5.55 5.55 CD 34457 3186 25 | | CD 34457 3186 26 93.16 93.16 CD 34457 3186 27 | | CD 34457 3186 28 1.29 1.29 CD 34457 3186 29 | | CD 34457 3186 30 54.93 54.93 CD 34457 3186 31 | | CD 34457 3186 32 4.21 4.21 CD 34457 3186 33 | | CD 34457 3186 34 40.86 40.86 CD 34457 3186 35 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3186 36 The the DT 34457 3186 37 numbers number NNS 34457 3186 38 in in IN 34457 3186 39 the the DT 34457 3186 40 same same JJ 34457 3186 41 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 3186 42 row row NN 34457 3186 43 give give VBP 34457 3186 44 the the DT 34457 3186 45 composition composition NN 34457 3186 46 of of IN 34457 3186 47 the the DT 34457 3186 48 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 3186 49 alloys alloy NNS 34457 3186 50 , , , 34457 3186 51 and and CC 34457 3186 52 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3186 53 is be VBZ 34457 3186 54 evident evident JJ 34457 3186 55 that that IN 34457 3186 56 the the DT 34457 3186 57 upper upper JJ 34457 3186 58 layer layer NN 34457 3186 59 consists consist VBZ 34457 3186 60 almost almost RB 34457 3186 61 entirely entirely RB 34457 3186 62 of of IN 34457 3186 63 silver silver NN 34457 3186 64 and and CC 34457 3186 65 zinc zinc NN 34457 3186 66 . . . 34457 3187 1 On on IN 34457 3187 2 allowing allow VBG 34457 3187 3 the the DT 34457 3187 4 mixture mixture NN 34457 3187 5 to to TO 34457 3187 6 cool cool VB 34457 3187 7 slightly slightly RB 34457 3187 8 , , , 34457 3187 9 the the DT 34457 3187 10 upper upper JJ 34457 3187 11 layer layer NN 34457 3187 12 solidifies solidify VBZ 34457 3187 13 first first RB 34457 3187 14 , , , 34457 3187 15 and and CC 34457 3187 16 can can MD 34457 3187 17 be be VB 34457 3187 18 separated separate VBN 34457 3187 19 from from IN 34457 3187 20 the the DT 34457 3187 21 still still RB 34457 3187 22 molten molten JJ 34457 3187 23 lead lead JJ 34457 3187 24 layer layer NN 34457 3187 25 . . . 34457 3188 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3188 2 is be VBZ 34457 3188 3 on on IN 34457 3188 4 this this DT 34457 3188 5 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3188 6 of of IN 34457 3188 7 silver silver NN 34457 3188 8 towards towards IN 34457 3188 9 a a DT 34457 3188 10 mixture mixture NN 34457 3188 11 of of IN 34457 3188 12 molten molten JJ 34457 3188 13 lead lead NN 34457 3188 14 and and CC 34457 3188 15 zinc zinc NN 34457 3188 16 that that WDT 34457 3188 17 the the DT 34457 3188 18 Parkes parke NNS 34457 3188 19 's 's POS 34457 3188 20 method method NN 34457 3188 21 for for IN 34457 3188 22 the the DT 34457 3188 23 desilverization desilverization NN 34457 3188 24 of of IN 34457 3188 25 lead lead NN 34457 3188 26 depends depend VBZ 34457 3188 27 . . . 34457 3189 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3189 2 325 325 CD 34457 3189 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3189 4 If if IN 34457 3189 5 aluminium aluminium NN 34457 3189 6 is be VBZ 34457 3189 7 also also RB 34457 3189 8 added add VBN 34457 3189 9 , , , 34457 3189 10 a a DT 34457 3189 11 still still RB 34457 3189 12 larger large JJR 34457 3189 13 proportion proportion NN 34457 3189 14 of of IN 34457 3189 15 silver silver NN 34457 3189 16 passes pass VBZ 34457 3189 17 into into IN 34457 3189 18 the the DT 34457 3189 19 lighter light JJR 34457 3189 20 layer layer NN 34457 3189 21 , , , 34457 3189 22 and and CC 34457 3189 23 the the DT 34457 3189 24 desilverization desilverization NN 34457 3189 25 of of IN 34457 3189 26 the the DT 34457 3189 27 lead lead NN 34457 3189 28 is be VBZ 34457 3189 29 more more RBR 34457 3189 30 complete complete JJ 34457 3189 31 . . . 34457 3190 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3190 2 326 326 CD 34457 3190 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3190 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3190 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3190 6 : : : 34457 3190 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3190 8 . . . 34457 3191 1 86 86 CD 34457 3191 2 . . . 34457 3191 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3192 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3192 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3192 3 : : : 34457 3192 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3192 5 . . . 34457 3193 1 87 87 CD 34457 3193 2 . . . 34457 3193 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3194 1 The the DT 34457 3194 2 Influence Influence NNP 34457 3194 3 of of IN 34457 3194 4 Temperature.--As Temperature.--As NNP 34457 3194 5 has have VBZ 34457 3194 6 already already RB 34457 3194 7 been be VBN 34457 3194 8 said say VBN 34457 3194 9 , , , 34457 3194 10 a a DT 34457 3194 11 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3194 12 system system NN 34457 3194 13 existing exist VBG 34457 3194 14 in in IN 34457 3194 15 three three CD 34457 3194 16 phases phase NNS 34457 3194 17 possesses possess VBZ 34457 3194 18 two two CD 34457 3194 19 degrees degree NNS 34457 3194 20 of of IN 34457 3194 21 freedom freedom NN 34457 3194 22 ; ; : 34457 3194 23 and and CC 34457 3194 24 the the DT 34457 3194 25 state state NN 34457 3194 26 of of IN 34457 3194 27 the the DT 34457 3194 28 system system NN 34457 3194 29 is be VBZ 34457 3194 30 therefore therefore RB 34457 3194 31 dependent dependent JJ 34457 3194 32 not not RB 34457 3194 33 only only RB 34457 3194 34 on on IN 34457 3194 35 the the DT 34457 3194 36 relative relative JJ 34457 3194 37 concentration concentration NN 34457 3194 38 of of IN 34457 3194 39 the the DT 34457 3194 40 components component NNS 34457 3194 41 , , , 34457 3194 42 but but CC 34457 3194 43 also also RB 34457 3194 44 on on IN 34457 3194 45 the the DT 34457 3194 46 temperature temperature NN 34457 3194 47 . . . 34457 3195 1 As as IN 34457 3195 2 the the DT 34457 3195 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3195 4 changes change VBZ 34457 3195 5 , , , 34457 3195 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3195 7 , , , 34457 3195 8 the the DT 34457 3195 9 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3195 10 curve curve NN 34457 3195 11 of of IN 34457 3195 12 the the DT 34457 3195 13 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3195 14 system system NN 34457 3195 15 will will MD 34457 3195 16 also also RB 34457 3195 17 alter alter VB 34457 3195 18 ; ; , 34457 3195 19 and and CC 34457 3195 20 in in IN 34457 3195 21 order order NN 34457 3195 22 to to TO 34457 3195 23 represent represent VB 34457 3195 24 this this DT 34457 3195 25 alteration alteration NN 34457 3195 26 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3195 27 shall shall MD 34457 3195 28 make make VB 34457 3195 29 use use NN 34457 3195 30 of of IN 34457 3195 31 the the DT 34457 3195 32 right right JJ 34457 3195 33 prism prism NN 34457 3195 34 , , , 34457 3195 35 in in IN 34457 3195 36 which which WDT 34457 3195 37 the the DT 34457 3195 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 3195 39 is be VBZ 34457 3195 40 measured measure VBN 34457 3195 41 upwards upwards RB 34457 3195 42 . . . 34457 3196 1 In in IN 34457 3196 2 this this DT 34457 3196 3 way way NN 34457 3196 4 the the DT 34457 3196 5 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3196 6 curve curve NN 34457 3196 7 passes pass VBZ 34457 3196 8 into into IN 34457 3196 9 a a DT 34457 3196 10 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3196 11 surface surface NN 34457 3196 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3196 13 called call VBN 34457 3196 14 a a DT 34457 3196 15 dineric dineric JJ 34457 3196 16 surface surface NN 34457 3196 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3196 18 , , , 34457 3196 19 as as IN 34457 3196 20 shown show VBN 34457 3196 21 in in IN 34457 3196 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3196 23 . . . 34457 3197 1 86 86 CD 34457 3197 2 . . . 34457 3198 1 In in IN 34457 3198 2 this this DT 34457 3198 3 figure figure NN 34457 3198 4 the the DT 34457 3198 5 curve curve NN 34457 3198 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3198 7 akb akb NNP 34457 3198 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3198 9 is be VBZ 34457 3198 10 the the DT 34457 3198 11 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3198 12 for for IN 34457 3198 13 the the DT 34457 3198 14 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3198 15 system system NN 34457 3198 16 ; ; : 34457 3198 17 the the DT 34457 3198 18 curve curve NN 34457 3198 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3198 20 a_K_b a_K_b NNP 34457 3198 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3198 22 shows show VBZ 34457 3198 23 the the DT 34457 3198 24 change change NN 34457 3198 25 in in IN 34457 3198 26 the the DT 34457 3198 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3198 28 binary binary NN 34457 3198 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3198 30 system system NN 34457 3198 31 AB AB NNP 34457 3198 32 with with IN 34457 3198 33 the the DT 34457 3198 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 3198 35 , , , 34457 3198 36 with with IN 34457 3198 37 { { -LRB- 34457 3198 38 248 248 CD 34457 3198 39 } } -RRB- 34457 3198 40 a a DT 34457 3198 41 critical critical JJ 34457 3198 42 point point NN 34457 3198 43 at at IN 34457 3198 44 K. K. NNP 34457 3198 45 This this DT 34457 3198 46 curve curve NN 34457 3198 47 has have VBZ 34457 3198 48 the the DT 34457 3198 49 same same JJ 34457 3198 50 meaning meaning NN 34457 3198 51 as as IN 34457 3198 52 those those DT 34457 3198 53 given give VBN 34457 3198 54 in in IN 34457 3198 55 Chapter Chapter NNP 34457 3198 56 VI VI NNP 34457 3198 57 . . . 34457 3199 1 The the DT 34457 3199 2 curve curve NN 34457 3199 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3199 4 k_K k_k NN 34457 3199 5 is be VBZ 34457 3199 6 a a DT 34457 3199 7 critical critical JJ 34457 3199 8 curve curve NN 34457 3199 9 joining join VBG 34457 3199 10 together together RB 34457 3199 11 the the DT 34457 3199 12 critical critical JJ 34457 3199 13 points point NNS 34457 3199 14 of of IN 34457 3199 15 the the DT 34457 3199 16 different different JJ 34457 3199 17 isothermals isothermal NNS 34457 3199 18 . . . 34457 3200 1 In in IN 34457 3200 2 such such PDT 34457 3200 3 a a DT 34457 3200 4 case case NN 34457 3200 5 as as IN 34457 3200 6 is be VBZ 34457 3200 7 shown show VBN 34457 3200 8 in in IN 34457 3200 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3200 10 . . . 34457 3201 1 86 86 CD 34457 3201 2 , , , 34457 3201 3 there there EX 34457 3201 4 does do VBZ 34457 3201 5 not not RB 34457 3201 6 exist exist VB 34457 3201 7 any any DT 34457 3201 8 real real JJ 34457 3201 9 critical critical JJ 34457 3201 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 3201 11 for for IN 34457 3201 12 the the DT 34457 3201 13 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3201 14 system system NN 34457 3201 15 , , , 34457 3201 16 for for IN 34457 3201 17 as as IN 34457 3201 18 the the DT 34457 3201 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 3201 20 is be VBZ 34457 3201 21 raised raise VBN 34457 3201 22 , , , 34457 3201 23 the the DT 34457 3201 24 amount amount NN 34457 3201 25 of of IN 34457 3201 26 C c NN 34457 3201 27 in in IN 34457 3201 28 the the DT 34457 3201 29 " " `` 34457 3201 30 critical critical JJ 34457 3201 31 " " '' 34457 3201 32 solution solution NN 34457 3201 33 becomes become VBZ 34457 3201 34 less less JJR 34457 3201 35 and and CC 34457 3201 36 less less RBR 34457 3201 37 , , , 34457 3201 38 and and CC 34457 3201 39 at at IN 34457 3201 40 K K NNP 34457 3201 41 only only RB 34457 3201 42 two two CD 34457 3201 43 components component NNS 34457 3201 44 , , , 34457 3201 45 A a NN 34457 3201 46 and and CC 34457 3201 47 B b NN 34457 3201 48 , , , 34457 3201 49 are be VBP 34457 3201 50 present present JJ 34457 3201 51 . . . 34457 3202 1 In in IN 34457 3202 2 the the DT 34457 3202 3 case case NN 34457 3202 4 , , , 34457 3202 5 however however RB 34457 3202 6 , , , 34457 3202 7 represented represent VBN 34457 3202 8 in in IN 34457 3202 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3202 10 . . . 34457 3203 1 87 87 CD 34457 3203 2 , , , 34457 3203 3 a a DT 34457 3203 4 real real JJ 34457 3203 5 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3203 6 critical critical JJ 34457 3203 7 point point NN 34457 3203 8 is be VBZ 34457 3203 9 found find VBN 34457 3203 10 . . . 34457 3204 1 In in IN 34457 3204 2 this this DT 34457 3204 3 figure figure NN 34457 3204 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3204 5 ak'b ak'b NNP 34457 3204 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3204 7 is be VBZ 34457 3204 8 an an DT 34457 3204 9 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3204 10 , , , 34457 3204 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3204 12 ak ak NNP 34457 3204 13 " " `` 34457 3204 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3204 15 is be VBZ 34457 3204 16 the the DT 34457 3204 17 curve curve NN 34457 3204 18 for for IN 34457 3204 19 the the DT 34457 3204 20 binary binary JJ 34457 3204 21 system system NN 34457 3204 22 , , , 34457 3204 23 and and CC 34457 3204 24 K K NNP 34457 3204 25 is be VBZ 34457 3204 26 the the DT 34457 3204 27 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3204 28 critical critical JJ 34457 3204 29 point point NN 34457 3204 30 . . . 34457 3205 1 All all DT 34457 3205 2 points point NNS 34457 3205 3 outside outside IN 34457 3205 4 the the DT 34457 3205 5 helmet helmet NN 34457 3205 6 - - HYPH 34457 3205 7 shaped shape VBN 34457 3205 8 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3205 9 surface surface NN 34457 3205 10 represent represent VBP 34457 3205 11 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3205 12 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3205 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 3205 14 , , , 34457 3205 15 while while IN 34457 3205 16 all all DT 34457 3205 17 points point NNS 34457 3205 18 within within IN 34457 3205 19 the the DT 34457 3205 20 surface surface NN 34457 3205 21 belong belong VBP 34457 3205 22 to to IN 34457 3205 23 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3205 24 systems system NNS 34457 3205 25 . . . 34457 3206 1 Above above IN 34457 3206 2 the the DT 34457 3206 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3206 4 of of IN 34457 3206 5 the the DT 34457 3206 6 point point NN 34457 3206 7 K K NNP 34457 3206 8 , , , 34457 3206 9 the the DT 34457 3206 10 three three CD 34457 3206 11 components component NNS 34457 3206 12 are be VBP 34457 3206 13 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3206 14 in in IN 34457 3206 15 all all DT 34457 3206 16 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3206 17 . . . 34457 3207 1 An an DT 34457 3207 2 example example NN 34457 3207 3 of of IN 34457 3207 4 a a DT 34457 3207 5 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3207 6 system system NN 34457 3207 7 yielding yield VBG 34457 3207 8 such such PDT 34457 3207 9 a a DT 34457 3207 10 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3207 11 surface surface NN 34457 3207 12 is be VBZ 34457 3207 13 that that IN 34457 3207 14 consisting consist VBG 34457 3207 15 of of IN 34457 3207 16 phenol phenol NN 34457 3207 17 , , , 34457 3207 18 water water NN 34457 3207 19 , , , 34457 3207 20 and and CC 34457 3207 21 acetone acetone NN 34457 3207 22 . . . 34457 3208 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3208 2 327 327 CD 34457 3208 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3208 4 In in IN 34457 3208 5 this this DT 34457 3208 6 case case NN 34457 3208 7 the the DT 34457 3208 8 critical critical JJ 34457 3208 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3208 10 K K NNP 34457 3208 11 is be VBZ 34457 3208 12 92 92â CD 34457 3208 13 ° ° NNS 34457 3208 14 , , , 34457 3208 15 and and CC 34457 3208 16 the the DT 34457 3208 17 composition composition NN 34457 3208 18 at at IN 34457 3208 19 this this DT 34457 3208 20 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3208 21 critical critical JJ 34457 3208 22 point point NN 34457 3208 23 is-- is-- NNP 34457 3208 24 Water Water NNP 34457 3208 25 59 59 CD 34457 3208 26 per per IN 34457 3208 27 cent cent NN 34457 3208 28 . . . 34457 3209 1 Acetone acetone NN 34457 3209 2 12 12 CD 34457 3209 3 " " `` 34457 3209 4 Phenol Phenol NNP 34457 3209 5 29 29 CD 34457 3209 6 " " '' 34457 3209 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3209 8 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3209 9 : : : 34457 3209 10 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3209 11 . . . 34457 3210 1 88 88 CD 34457 3210 2 . . . 34457 3210 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3211 1 The the DT 34457 3211 2 difference difference NN 34457 3211 3 between between IN 34457 3211 4 the the DT 34457 3211 5 two two CD 34457 3211 6 classes class NNS 34457 3211 7 of of IN 34457 3211 8 systems system NNS 34457 3211 9 just just RB 34457 3211 10 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3211 11 , , , 34457 3211 12 is be VBZ 34457 3211 13 seen see VBN 34457 3211 14 very very RB 34457 3211 15 clearly clearly RB 34457 3211 16 by by IN 34457 3211 17 a a DT 34457 3211 18 glance glance NN 34457 3211 19 at at IN 34457 3211 20 the the DT 34457 3211 21 Figs Figs NNPS 34457 3211 22 . . . 34457 3212 1 88 88 CD 34457 3212 2 and and CC 34457 3212 3 89 89 CD 34457 3212 4 , , , 34457 3212 5 which which WDT 34457 3212 6 show show VBP 34457 3212 7 the the DT 34457 3212 8 projection projection NN 34457 3212 9 of of IN 34457 3212 10 the the DT 34457 3212 11 isothermals isothermal NNS 34457 3212 12 on on IN 34457 3212 13 the the DT 34457 3212 14 base base NN 34457 3212 15 of of IN 34457 3212 16 the the DT 34457 3212 17 prism prism NN 34457 3212 18 . . . 34457 3213 1 In in IN 34457 3213 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3213 3 . . . 34457 3214 1 88 88 CD 34457 3214 2 , , , 34457 3214 3 the the DT 34457 3214 4 projections projection NNS 34457 3214 5 yield yield VBP 34457 3214 6 paraboloid paraboloid JJ 34457 3214 7 curves curve NNS 34457 3214 8 , , , 34457 3214 9 the the DT 34457 3214 10 two two CD 34457 3214 11 branches branch NNS 34457 3214 12 of of IN 34457 3214 13 which which WDT 34457 3214 14 are be VBP 34457 3214 15 cut cut VBN 34457 3214 16 by by IN 34457 3214 17 one one CD 34457 3214 18 side side NN 34457 3214 19 of of IN 34457 3214 20 the the DT 34457 3214 21 triangle triangle NN 34457 3214 22 ; ; : 34457 3214 23 and and CC 34457 3214 24 the the DT 34457 3214 25 critical critical JJ 34457 3214 26 point point NN 34457 3214 27 is be VBZ 34457 3214 28 represented represent VBN 34457 3214 29 by by IN 34457 3214 30 a a DT 34457 3214 31 point point NN 34457 3214 32 on on IN 34457 3214 33 { { -LRB- 34457 3214 34 249 249 CD 34457 3214 35 } } -RRB- 34457 3214 36 this this DT 34457 3214 37 side side NN 34457 3214 38 . . . 34457 3215 1 In in IN 34457 3215 2 the the DT 34457 3215 3 second second JJ 34457 3215 4 case case NN 34457 3215 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3215 6 Fig fig NN 34457 3215 7 . . . 34457 3216 1 89 89 CD 34457 3216 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3216 3 , , , 34457 3216 4 however however RB 34457 3216 5 , , , 34457 3216 6 the the DT 34457 3216 7 projections projection NNS 34457 3216 8 of of IN 34457 3216 9 the the DT 34457 3216 10 isothermals isothermal NNS 34457 3216 11 form form NN 34457 3216 12 ellipsoidal ellipsoidal NNP 34457 3216 13 curves curve NNS 34457 3216 14 surrounding surround VBG 34457 3216 15 the the DT 34457 3216 16 supreme supreme JJ 34457 3216 17 critical critical JJ 34457 3216 18 point point NN 34457 3216 19 , , , 34457 3216 20 which which WDT 34457 3216 21 now now RB 34457 3216 22 lies lie VBZ 34457 3216 23 _ _ XX 34457 3216 24 inside inside IN 34457 3216 25 the the DT 34457 3216 26 triangle triangle NN 34457 3216 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3216 28 . . . 34457 3217 1 At at IN 34457 3217 2 lower low JJR 34457 3217 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3217 4 , , , 34457 3217 5 these these DT 34457 3217 6 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3217 7 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3217 8 curves curve NNS 34457 3217 9 are be VBP 34457 3217 10 cut cut VBN 34457 3217 11 by by IN 34457 3217 12 a a DT 34457 3217 13 side side NN 34457 3217 14 of of IN 34457 3217 15 the the DT 34457 3217 16 triangle triangle NN 34457 3217 17 ; ; : 34457 3217 18 at at IN 34457 3217 19 the the DT 34457 3217 20 critical critical JJ 34457 3217 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3217 22 , , , 34457 3217 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3217 24 k k NNP 34457 3217 25 " " `` 34457 3217 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3217 27 , , , 34457 3217 28 of of IN 34457 3217 29 the the DT 34457 3217 30 binary binary JJ 34457 3217 31 system system NN 34457 3217 32 AB AB NNP 34457 3217 33 , , , 34457 3217 34 the the DT 34457 3217 35 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3217 36 curve curve NN 34457 3217 37 _ _ NNP 34457 3217 38 touches touch NNS 34457 3217 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3217 40 the the DT 34457 3217 41 side side NN 34457 3217 42 AB AB NNP 34457 3217 43 , , , 34457 3217 44 while while IN 34457 3217 45 at at IN 34457 3217 46 still still RB 34457 3217 47 higher high JJR 34457 3217 48 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3217 49 the the DT 34457 3217 50 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3217 51 curve curve NN 34457 3217 52 comes come VBZ 34457 3217 53 to to TO 34457 3217 54 lie lie VB 34457 3217 55 entirely entirely RB 34457 3217 56 within within IN 34457 3217 57 the the DT 34457 3217 58 triangle triangle NN 34457 3217 59 . . . 34457 3218 1 At at IN 34457 3218 2 any any DT 34457 3218 3 given give VBN 34457 3218 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3218 5 , , , 34457 3218 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3218 7 , , , 34457 3218 8 between between IN 34457 3218 9 the the DT 34457 3218 10 critical critical JJ 34457 3218 11 point point NN 34457 3218 12 of of IN 34457 3218 13 the the DT 34457 3218 14 binary binary JJ 34457 3218 15 system system NN 34457 3218 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3218 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3218 18 k k NNP 34457 3218 19 " " `` 34457 3218 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3218 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3218 22 , , , 34457 3218 23 and and CC 34457 3218 24 the the DT 34457 3218 25 supreme supreme JJ 34457 3218 26 critical critical JJ 34457 3218 27 point point NN 34457 3218 28 of of IN 34457 3218 29 the the DT 34457 3218 30 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3218 31 system system NN 34457 3218 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3218 33 K K NNP 34457 3218 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3218 35 , , , 34457 3218 36 each each DT 34457 3218 37 pair pair NN 34457 3218 38 of of IN 34457 3218 39 the the DT 34457 3218 40 three three CD 34457 3218 41 components component NNS 34457 3218 42 are be VBP 34457 3218 43 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3218 44 with with IN 34457 3218 45 one one CD 34457 3218 46 another another DT 34457 3218 47 in in IN 34457 3218 48 all all DT 34457 3218 49 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3218 50 ; ; : 34457 3218 51 for for IN 34457 3218 52 the the DT 34457 3218 53 region region NN 34457 3218 54 of of IN 34457 3218 55 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3218 56 systems system NNS 34457 3218 57 is be VBZ 34457 3218 58 now now RB 34457 3218 59 bounded bound VBN 34457 3218 60 by by IN 34457 3218 61 a a DT 34457 3218 62 closed closed JJ 34457 3218 63 curve curve NN 34457 3218 64 lying lie VBG 34457 3218 65 entirely entirely RB 34457 3218 66 within within IN 34457 3218 67 the the DT 34457 3218 68 triangle triangle NN 34457 3218 69 . . . 34457 3219 1 Outside outside IN 34457 3219 2 this this DT 34457 3219 3 curve curve NN 34457 3219 4 only only RB 34457 3219 5 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3219 6 systems system NNS 34457 3219 7 are be VBP 34457 3219 8 found find VBN 34457 3219 9 . . . 34457 3220 1 Binary binary JJ 34457 3220 2 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3220 3 , , , 34457 3220 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3220 5 , , , 34457 3220 6 represented represent VBN 34457 3220 7 by by IN 34457 3220 8 any any DT 34457 3220 9 point point NN 34457 3220 10 on on IN 34457 3220 11 one one CD 34457 3220 12 of of IN 34457 3220 13 the the DT 34457 3220 14 sides side NNS 34457 3220 15 of of IN 34457 3220 16 the the DT 34457 3220 17 triangle triangle NN 34457 3220 18 must must MD 34457 3220 19 be be VB 34457 3220 20 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3220 21 , , , 34457 3220 22 for for IN 34457 3220 23 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3220 24 all all DT 34457 3220 25 lie lie VBP 34457 3220 26 outside outside IN 34457 3220 27 the the DT 34457 3220 28 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3220 29 curve curve NN 34457 3220 30 for for IN 34457 3220 31 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3220 32 states state NNS 34457 3220 33 . . . 34457 3221 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3221 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3221 3 : : : 34457 3221 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3221 5 . . . 34457 3222 1 89 89 CD 34457 3222 2 . . . 34457 3222 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3223 1 2 2 LS 34457 3223 2 . . . 34457 3224 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3224 2 The the DT 34457 3224 3 three three CD 34457 3224 4 components component NNS 34457 3224 5 can can MD 34457 3224 6 form form VB 34457 3224 7 two two CD 34457 3224 8 pairs pair NNS 34457 3224 9 of of IN 34457 3224 10 partially partially RB 34457 3224 11 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3224 12 liquids liquid NNS 34457 3224 13 . . . 34457 3224 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3224 15 In in IN 34457 3224 16 the the DT 34457 3224 17 case case NN 34457 3224 18 of of IN 34457 3224 19 the the DT 34457 3224 20 three three CD 34457 3224 21 components component NNS 34457 3224 22 water water NN 34457 3224 23 , , , 34457 3224 24 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3224 25 , , , 34457 3224 26 and and CC 34457 3224 27 succinic succinic JJ 34457 3224 28 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 3224 29 , , , 34457 3224 30 water water NN 34457 3224 31 and and CC 34457 3224 32 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3224 33 are be VBP 34457 3224 34 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3224 35 in in IN 34457 3224 36 all all DT 34457 3224 37 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3224 38 , , , 34457 3224 39 but but CC 34457 3224 40 not not RB 34457 3224 41 so so RB 34457 3224 42 water water NN 34457 3224 43 and and CC 34457 3224 44 succinic succinic JJ 34457 3224 45 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 3224 46 , , , 34457 3224 47 or or CC 34457 3224 48 alcohol alcohol NNP 34457 3224 49 and and CC 34457 3224 50 succinic succinic JJ 34457 3224 51 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 3224 52 . . . 34457 3225 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3225 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3225 3 : : : 34457 3225 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3225 5 . . . 34457 3226 1 90 90 CD 34457 3226 2 . . . 34457 3226 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3227 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3227 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3227 3 : : : 34457 3227 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3227 5 . . . 34457 3228 1 91 91 CD 34457 3228 2 . . . 34457 3228 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3229 1 As as IN 34457 3229 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3229 3 have have VBP 34457 3229 4 already already RB 34457 3229 5 seen see VBN 34457 3229 6 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3229 7 p. p. NN 34457 3229 8 122 122 CD 34457 3229 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3229 10 , , , 34457 3229 11 water water NN 34457 3229 12 and and CC 34457 3229 13 succinic succinic JJ 34457 3229 14 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 3229 15 can can MD 34457 3229 16 form form VB 34457 3229 17 two two CD 34457 3229 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3229 19 layers layer NNS 34457 3229 20 between between IN 34457 3229 21 the the DT 34457 3229 22 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3229 23 18.5 18.5â CD 34457 3229 24 ° ° NNS 34457 3229 25 and and CC 34457 3229 26 55.5 55.5â CD 34457 3229 27 ° ° NNS 34457 3229 28 ; ; : 34457 3229 29 while while IN 34457 3229 30 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3229 31 and and CC 34457 3229 32 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 3229 33 can can MD 34457 3229 34 form form VB 34457 3229 35 two two CD 34457 3229 36 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3229 37 layers layer NNS 34457 3229 38 between between IN 34457 3229 39 13 13â CD 34457 3229 40 ° ° NNS 34457 3229 41 and and CC 34457 3229 42 31 31â CD 34457 3229 43 ° ° NNS 34457 3229 44 . . . 34457 3230 1 If if IN 34457 3230 2 , , , 34457 3230 3 then then RB 34457 3230 4 , , , 34457 3230 5 between between IN 34457 3230 6 these these DT 34457 3230 7 two two CD 34457 3230 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 3230 9 limits limit NNS 34457 3230 10 , , , 34457 3230 11 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3230 12 is be VBZ 34457 3230 13 added add VBN 34457 3230 14 to to IN 34457 3230 15 a a DT 34457 3230 16 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3230 17 mixture mixture NN 34457 3230 18 of of IN 34457 3230 19 water water NN 34457 3230 20 and and CC 34457 3230 21 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 3230 22 , , , 34457 3230 23 or or CC 34457 3230 24 water water NN 34457 3230 25 is be VBZ 34457 3230 26 added add VBN 34457 3230 27 to to IN 34457 3230 28 a a DT 34457 3230 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 3230 30 of of IN 34457 3230 31 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 3230 32 and and CC 34457 3230 33 nitrile nitrile NNP 34457 3230 34 , , , 34457 3230 35 two two CD 34457 3230 36 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3230 37 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3230 38 systems system NNS 34457 3230 39 will will MD 34457 3230 40 be be VB 34457 3230 41 formed form VBN 34457 3230 42 , , , 34457 3230 43 { { -LRB- 34457 3230 44 250 250 CD 34457 3230 45 } } -RRB- 34457 3230 46 and and CC 34457 3230 47 two two CD 34457 3230 48 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3230 49 curves curve NNS 34457 3230 50 will will MD 34457 3230 51 be be VB 34457 3230 52 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3230 53 in in IN 34457 3230 54 the the DT 34457 3230 55 triangular triangular JJ 34457 3230 56 diagram diagram NN 34457 3230 57 , , , 34457 3230 58 as as IN 34457 3230 59 shown show VBN 34457 3230 60 in in IN 34457 3230 61 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3230 62 . . . 34457 3231 1 90 90 CD 34457 3231 2 . . . 34457 3232 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3232 2 328 328 CD 34457 3232 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3232 4 On on IN 34457 3232 5 changing change VBG 34457 3232 6 the the DT 34457 3232 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 3232 8 , , , 34457 3232 9 the the DT 34457 3232 10 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3232 11 curves curve NNS 34457 3232 12 will will MD 34457 3232 13 also also RB 34457 3232 14 undergo undergo VB 34457 3232 15 alteration alteration NN 34457 3232 16 , , , 34457 3232 17 in in IN 34457 3232 18 a a DT 34457 3232 19 manner manner NN 34457 3232 20 similar similar JJ 34457 3232 21 to to IN 34457 3232 22 that that DT 34457 3232 23 just just RB 34457 3232 24 discussed discuss VBN 34457 3232 25 . . . 34457 3233 1 As as IN 34457 3233 2 the the DT 34457 3233 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3233 4 falls fall VBZ 34457 3233 5 , , , 34457 3233 6 the the DT 34457 3233 7 two two CD 34457 3233 8 curves curve NNS 34457 3233 9 will will MD 34457 3233 10 spread spread VB 34457 3233 11 out out RP 34457 3233 12 more more RBR 34457 3233 13 and and CC 34457 3233 14 more more RBR 34457 3233 15 into into IN 34457 3233 16 the the DT 34457 3233 17 centre centre NN 34457 3233 18 of of IN 34457 3233 19 the the DT 34457 3233 20 triangle triangle NN 34457 3233 21 , , , 34457 3233 22 and and CC 34457 3233 23 might may MD 34457 3233 24 at at IN 34457 3233 25 last last JJ 34457 3233 26 meet meet NN 34457 3233 27 one one CD 34457 3233 28 another another DT 34457 3233 29 ; ; : 34457 3233 30 while while IN 34457 3233 31 at at IN 34457 3233 32 still still RB 34457 3233 33 lower low JJR 34457 3233 34 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3233 35 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3233 36 may may MD 34457 3233 37 imagine imagine VB 34457 3233 38 the the DT 34457 3233 39 curves curve NNS 34457 3233 40 still still RB 34457 3233 41 further further RB 34457 3233 42 expanding expand VBG 34457 3233 43 so so IN 34457 3233 44 that that IN 34457 3233 45 the the DT 34457 3233 46 two two CD 34457 3233 47 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3233 48 regions region NNS 34457 3233 49 flow flow VB 34457 3233 50 into into IN 34457 3233 51 one one CD 34457 3233 52 another another DT 34457 3233 53 and and CC 34457 3233 54 form form VB 34457 3233 55 a a DT 34457 3233 56 _ _ NNP 34457 3233 57 band band NN 34457 3233 58 _ _ NNP 34457 3233 59 on on IN 34457 3233 60 the the DT 34457 3233 61 triangular triangular JJ 34457 3233 62 diagram diagram NN 34457 3233 63 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3233 64 Fig fig NN 34457 3233 65 . . . 34457 3234 1 91 91 CD 34457 3234 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3234 3 . . . 34457 3235 1 This this DT 34457 3235 2 , , , 34457 3235 3 certainly certainly RB 34457 3235 4 , , , 34457 3235 5 has have VBZ 34457 3235 6 not not RB 34457 3235 7 been be VBN 34457 3235 8 realized realize VBN 34457 3235 9 in in IN 34457 3235 10 the the DT 34457 3235 11 case case NN 34457 3235 12 of of IN 34457 3235 13 the the DT 34457 3235 14 three three CD 34457 3235 15 components component NNS 34457 3235 16 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3235 17 , , , 34457 3235 18 because because IN 34457 3235 19 at at IN 34457 3235 20 a a DT 34457 3235 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3235 22 higher high JJR 34457 3235 23 than than IN 34457 3235 24 that that DT 34457 3235 25 at at IN 34457 3235 26 which which WDT 34457 3235 27 the the DT 34457 3235 28 two two CD 34457 3235 29 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3235 30 regions region NNS 34457 3235 31 could could MD 34457 3235 32 fuse fuse VB 34457 3235 33 together together RB 34457 3235 34 , , , 34457 3235 35 solid solid JJ 34457 3235 36 separates separate NNS 34457 3235 37 out out RP 34457 3235 38 . . . 34457 3236 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3236 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3236 3 : : : 34457 3236 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3236 5 . . . 34457 3237 1 92 92 CD 34457 3237 2 . . . 34457 3237 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3238 1 The the DT 34457 3238 2 gradual gradual JJ 34457 3238 3 expansion expansion NN 34457 3238 4 of of IN 34457 3238 5 a a DT 34457 3238 6 paraboloid paraboloid NN 34457 3238 7 into into IN 34457 3238 8 a a DT 34457 3238 9 band band NN 34457 3238 10 - - HYPH 34457 3238 11 like like JJ 34457 3238 12 area area NN 34457 3238 13 of of IN 34457 3238 14 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3238 15 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3238 16 systems system NNS 34457 3238 17 , , , 34457 3238 18 has have VBZ 34457 3238 19 , , , 34457 3238 20 however however RB 34457 3238 21 , , , 34457 3238 22 been be VBN 34457 3238 23 observed observe VBN 34457 3238 24 in in IN 34457 3238 25 the the DT 34457 3238 26 case case NN 34457 3238 27 of of IN 34457 3238 28 water water NN 34457 3238 29 , , , 34457 3238 30 phenol phenol NN 34457 3238 31 , , , 34457 3238 32 and and CC 34457 3238 33 aniline aniline NN 34457 3238 34 . . . 34457 3239 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3239 2 329 329 CD 34457 3239 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3239 4 In in IN 34457 3239 5 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3239 6 . . . 34457 3240 1 92 92 CD 34457 3240 2 are be VBP 34457 3240 3 shown show VBN 34457 3240 4 three three CD 34457 3240 5 isothermals isothermal NNS 34457 3240 6 , , , 34457 3240 7 viz viz NN 34457 3240 8 . . . 34457 3241 1 those those DT 34457 3241 2 for for IN 34457 3241 3 148 148â CD 34457 3241 4 ° ° NNS 34457 3241 5 , , , 34457 3241 6 95 95â CD 34457 3241 7 ° ° NNS 34457 3241 8 , , , 34457 3241 9 and and CC 34457 3241 10 50 50â NN 34457 3241 11 ° ° NNS 34457 3241 12 . . . 34457 3242 1 At at IN 34457 3242 2 148 148â CD 34457 3242 3 ° ° NNS 34457 3242 4 , , , 34457 3242 5 water water NN 34457 3242 6 and and CC 34457 3242 7 aniline aniline NN 34457 3242 8 form form NN 34457 3242 9 two two CD 34457 3242 10 layers layer NNS 34457 3242 11 having have VBG 34457 3242 12 the the DT 34457 3242 13 composition-- composition-- NNP 34457 3242 14 Water Water NNP 34457 3242 15 , , , 34457 3242 16 83.5 83.5 CD 34457 3242 17 per per IN 34457 3242 18 cent cent NN 34457 3242 19 . . . 34457 3242 20 } } -RRB- 34457 3243 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3243 2 water water NN 34457 3243 3 , , , 34457 3243 4 20 20 CD 34457 3243 5 per per NN 34457 3243 6 cent cent NN 34457 3243 7 . . . 34457 3243 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3244 1 and and CC 34457 3244 2 { { -LRB- 34457 3244 3 Aniline Aniline NNP 34457 3244 4 , , , 34457 3244 5 16.5 16.5 CD 34457 3244 6 " " `` 34457 3244 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3244 8 { { -LRB- 34457 3244 9 aniline aniline NN 34457 3244 10 , , , 34457 3244 11 80 80 CD 34457 3244 12 " " `` 34457 3244 13 { { -LRB- 34457 3244 14 251 251 CD 34457 3244 15 } } -RRB- 34457 3244 16 and and CC 34457 3244 17 the the DT 34457 3244 18 critical critical JJ 34457 3244 19 point point NN 34457 3244 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3244 21 k k NNP 34457 3244 22 ' ' `` 34457 3244 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3244 24 has have VBZ 34457 3244 25 the the DT 34457 3244 26 composition-- composition-- NNP 34457 3244 27 Water Water NNP 34457 3244 28 , , , 34457 3244 29 65 65 CD 34457 3244 30 ; ; : 34457 3244 31 phenol phenol NN 34457 3244 32 , , , 34457 3244 33 13.2 13.2 CD 34457 3244 34 ; ; : 34457 3244 35 aniline aniline NN 34457 3244 36 , , , 34457 3244 37 21.8 21.8 CD 34457 3244 38 per per IN 34457 3244 39 cent cent NN 34457 3244 40 . . . 34457 3245 1 At at IN 34457 3245 2 95 95â CD 34457 3245 3 ° ° NNS 34457 3245 4 , , , 34457 3245 5 the the DT 34457 3245 6 composition composition NN 34457 3245 7 of of IN 34457 3245 8 the the DT 34457 3245 9 two two CD 34457 3245 10 binary binary JJ 34457 3245 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3245 12 is-- is-- NNP 34457 3245 13 Water Water NNP 34457 3245 14 , , , 34457 3245 15 93 93 CD 34457 3245 16 per per NN 34457 3245 17 cent cent NN 34457 3245 18 . . . 34457 3245 19 } } -RRB- 34457 3246 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3246 2 water water NN 34457 3246 3 8 8 CD 34457 3246 4 per per NN 34457 3246 5 cent cent NN 34457 3246 6 . . . 34457 3246 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3247 1 and and CC 34457 3247 2 { { -LRB- 34457 3247 3 Aniline Aniline NNP 34457 3247 4 , , , 34457 3247 5 7 7 CD 34457 3247 6 " " `` 34457 3247 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3247 8 { { -LRB- 34457 3247 9 aniline aniline NN 34457 3247 10 , , , 34457 3247 11 92 92 CD 34457 3247 12 " " `` 34457 3247 13 while while IN 34457 3247 14 the the DT 34457 3247 15 point point NN 34457 3247 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3247 17 k k NNP 34457 3247 18 " " `` 34457 3247 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3247 20 has have VBZ 34457 3247 21 the the DT 34457 3247 22 composition composition NN 34457 3247 23 Water Water NNP 34457 3247 24 , , , 34457 3247 25 69.9 69.9 CD 34457 3247 26 ; ; : 34457 3247 27 phenol phenol NN 34457 3247 28 , , , 34457 3247 29 26.6 26.6 CD 34457 3247 30 ; ; : 34457 3247 31 aniline aniline NN 34457 3247 32 , , , 34457 3247 33 3.5 3.5 CD 34457 3247 34 per per NN 34457 3247 35 cent cent NN 34457 3247 36 . . . 34457 3248 1 At at IN 34457 3248 2 50 50 NNP 34457 3248 3 ° ° NNS 34457 3248 4 , , , 34457 3248 5 the the DT 34457 3248 6 region region NN 34457 3248 7 of of IN 34457 3248 8 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 3248 9 states state NNS 34457 3248 10 now now RB 34457 3248 11 forms form VBZ 34457 3248 12 a a DT 34457 3248 13 band band NN 34457 3248 14 , , , 34457 3248 15 and and CC 34457 3248 16 the the DT 34457 3248 17 two two CD 34457 3248 18 layers layer NNS 34457 3248 19 formed form VBN 34457 3248 20 by by IN 34457 3248 21 water water NN 34457 3248 22 and and CC 34457 3248 23 aniline aniline NN 34457 3248 24 have have VBP 34457 3248 25 the the DT 34457 3248 26 composition-- composition-- NNP 34457 3248 27 Water Water NNP 34457 3248 28 , , , 34457 3248 29 96.5 96.5 CD 34457 3248 30 per per IN 34457 3248 31 cent cent NN 34457 3248 32 . . . 34457 3248 33 } } -RRB- 34457 3249 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3249 2 water water NN 34457 3249 3 , , , 34457 3249 4 5.5 5.5 CD 34457 3249 5 per per NN 34457 3249 6 cent cent NN 34457 3249 7 . . . 34457 3249 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3250 1 and and CC 34457 3250 2 { { -LRB- 34457 3250 3 Aniline Aniline NNP 34457 3250 4 , , , 34457 3250 5 3.5 3.5 CD 34457 3250 6 " " `` 34457 3250 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3250 8 { { -LRB- 34457 3250 9 aniline aniline NN 34457 3250 10 , , , 34457 3250 11 94.5 94.5 CD 34457 3250 12 " " `` 34457 3250 13 while while IN 34457 3250 14 the the DT 34457 3250 15 two two CD 34457 3250 16 layers layer NNS 34457 3250 17 formed form VBN 34457 3250 18 by by IN 34457 3250 19 water water NN 34457 3250 20 and and CC 34457 3250 21 phenol phenol NN 34457 3250 22 have have VBP 34457 3250 23 the the DT 34457 3250 24 composition-- composition-- NNP 34457 3250 25 Water Water NNP 34457 3250 26 , , , 34457 3250 27 89 89 CD 34457 3250 28 per per NN 34457 3250 29 cent cent NN 34457 3250 30 . . . 34457 3250 31 } } -RRB- 34457 3251 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3251 2 water water NN 34457 3251 3 , , , 34457 3251 4 38 38 CD 34457 3251 5 per per NN 34457 3251 6 cent cent NN 34457 3251 7 . . . 34457 3251 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3252 1 and and CC 34457 3252 2 { { -LRB- 34457 3252 3 Phenol Phenol NNP 34457 3252 4 , , , 34457 3252 5 11 11 CD 34457 3252 6 " " `` 34457 3252 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3252 8 { { -LRB- 34457 3252 9 phenol phenol NN 34457 3252 10 , , , 34457 3252 11 62 62 CD 34457 3252 12 " " `` 34457 3252 13 All all DT 34457 3252 14 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3252 15 of of IN 34457 3252 16 water water NN 34457 3252 17 , , , 34457 3252 18 phenol phenol NN 34457 3252 19 , , , 34457 3252 20 and and CC 34457 3252 21 aniline aniline NN 34457 3252 22 , , , 34457 3252 23 therefore therefore RB 34457 3252 24 , , , 34457 3252 25 the the DT 34457 3252 26 composition composition NN 34457 3252 27 of of IN 34457 3252 28 which which WDT 34457 3252 29 is be VBZ 34457 3252 30 represented represent VBN 34457 3252 31 by by IN 34457 3252 32 any any DT 34457 3252 33 point point NN 34457 3252 34 within within IN 34457 3252 35 the the DT 34457 3252 36 band band NN 34457 3252 37 _ _ NNP 34457 3252 38 abcd abcd NNP 34457 3252 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3252 40 , , , 34457 3252 41 will will MD 34457 3252 42 form form VB 34457 3252 43 two two CD 34457 3252 44 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3252 45 solutions solution NNS 34457 3252 46 ; ; : 34457 3252 47 while while IN 34457 3252 48 if if IN 34457 3252 49 the the DT 34457 3252 50 composition composition NN 34457 3252 51 is be VBZ 34457 3252 52 represented represent VBN 34457 3252 53 by by IN 34457 3252 54 a a DT 34457 3252 55 point point NN 34457 3252 56 outside outside IN 34457 3252 57 the the DT 34457 3252 58 band band NN 34457 3252 59 , , , 34457 3252 60 only only RB 34457 3252 61 one one CD 34457 3252 62 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3252 63 solution solution NN 34457 3252 64 will will MD 34457 3252 65 be be VB 34457 3252 66 produced produce VBN 34457 3252 67 . . . 34457 3253 1 3 3 LS 34457 3253 2 . . . 34457 3254 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3254 2 The the DT 34457 3254 3 three three CD 34457 3254 4 components component NNS 34457 3254 5 form form NN 34457 3254 6 three three CD 34457 3254 7 pairs pair NNS 34457 3254 8 of of IN 34457 3254 9 partially partially RB 34457 3254 10 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3254 11 liquids liquid NNS 34457 3254 12 . . . 34457 3254 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3254 14 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3254 15 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3254 16 : : : 34457 3254 17 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3254 18 . . . 34457 3255 1 93 93 CD 34457 3255 2 . . . 34457 3255 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3256 1 The the DT 34457 3256 2 third third JJ 34457 3256 3 chief chief JJ 34457 3256 4 case case NN 34457 3256 5 which which WDT 34457 3256 6 can can MD 34457 3256 7 occur occur VB 34457 3256 8 is be VBZ 34457 3256 9 that that IN 34457 3256 10 no no DT 34457 3256 11 two two CD 34457 3256 12 of of IN 34457 3256 13 the the DT 34457 3256 14 components component NNS 34457 3256 15 are be VBP 34457 3256 16 completely completely RB 34457 3256 17 miscible miscible JJ 34457 3256 18 with with IN 34457 3256 19 one one CD 34457 3256 20 another another DT 34457 3256 21 . . . 34457 3257 1 In in IN 34457 3257 2 this this DT 34457 3257 3 case case NN 34457 3257 4 , , , 34457 3257 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3257 6 , , , 34457 3257 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3257 8 shall shall MD 34457 3257 9 obtain obtain VB 34457 3257 10 three three CD 34457 3257 11 paraboloid paraboloid JJ 34457 3257 12 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3257 13 curves curve NNS 34457 3257 14 , , , 34457 3257 15 as as IN 34457 3257 16 shown show VBN 34457 3257 17 in in IN 34457 3257 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3257 19 . . . 34457 3258 1 93 93 CD 34457 3258 2 . . . 34457 3259 1 If if IN 34457 3259 2 , , , 34457 3259 3 now now RB 34457 3259 4 , , , 34457 3259 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3259 6 imagine imagine VBP 34457 3259 7 these these DT 34457 3259 8 three three CD 34457 3259 9 curves curve NNS 34457 3259 10 to to TO 34457 3259 11 expand expand VB 34457 3259 12 in in RP 34457 3259 13 towards towards IN 34457 3259 14 the the DT 34457 3259 15 centre centre NN 34457 3259 16 of of IN 34457 3259 17 the the DT 34457 3259 18 triangle triangle NN 34457 3259 19 , , , 34457 3259 20 as as IN 34457 3259 21 might may MD 34457 3259 22 happen happen VB 34457 3259 23 , , , 34457 3259 24 for for IN 34457 3259 25 example example NN 34457 3259 26 , , , 34457 3259 27 by by IN 34457 3259 28 lowering lower VBG 34457 3259 29 the the DT 34457 3259 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 3259 31 , , , 34457 3259 32 a a DT 34457 3259 33 point point NN 34457 3259 34 will will MD 34457 3259 35 { { -LRB- 34457 3259 36 252 252 CD 34457 3259 37 } } -RRB- 34457 3259 38 be be VB 34457 3259 39 reached reach VBN 34457 3259 40 at at IN 34457 3259 41 which which WDT 34457 3259 42 the the DT 34457 3259 43 curves curve NNS 34457 3259 44 partly partly RB 34457 3259 45 overlap overlap VBP 34457 3259 46 , , , 34457 3259 47 and and CC 34457 3259 48 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3259 49 shall shall MD 34457 3259 50 get get VB 34457 3259 51 the the DT 34457 3259 52 appearance appearance NN 34457 3259 53 shown show VBN 34457 3259 54 in in IN 34457 3259 55 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3259 56 . . . 34457 3260 1 94 94 CD 34457 3260 2 . . . 34457 3261 1 The the DT 34457 3261 2 points point NNS 34457 3261 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 4 a a DT 34457 3261 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 6 , , , 34457 3261 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 8 b b NNP 34457 3261 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 10 , , , 34457 3261 11 and and CC 34457 3261 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 13 c c NNP 34457 3261 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 15 represent represent VBP 34457 3261 16 the the DT 34457 3261 17 points point NNS 34457 3261 18 where where WRB 34457 3261 19 the the DT 34457 3261 20 three three CD 34457 3261 21 curves curve NNS 34457 3261 22 cut cut NN 34457 3261 23 , , , 34457 3261 24 and and CC 34457 3261 25 the the DT 34457 3261 26 triangle triangle NN 34457 3261 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 28 abc abc NNP 34457 3261 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3261 30 is be VBZ 34457 3261 31 a a DT 34457 3261 32 region region NN 34457 3261 33 where where WRB 34457 3261 34 the the DT 34457 3261 35 curves curve NNS 34457 3261 36 overlap overlap VBP 34457 3261 37 . . . 34457 3262 1 From from IN 34457 3262 2 this this DT 34457 3262 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 3262 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3262 5 can can MD 34457 3262 6 see see VB 34457 3262 7 that that IN 34457 3262 8 any any DT 34457 3262 9 mixture mixture NN 34457 3262 10 having have VBG 34457 3262 11 a a DT 34457 3262 12 composition composition NN 34457 3262 13 represented represent VBN 34457 3262 14 by by IN 34457 3262 15 a a DT 34457 3262 16 point point NN 34457 3262 17 in in IN 34457 3262 18 one one CD 34457 3262 19 of of IN 34457 3262 20 the the DT 34457 3262 21 clear clear JJ 34457 3262 22 spaces space NNS 34457 3262 23 at at IN 34457 3262 24 the the DT 34457 3262 25 corners corner NNS 34457 3262 26 of of IN 34457 3262 27 the the DT 34457 3262 28 larger large JJR 34457 3262 29 triangle triangle NN 34457 3262 30 , , , 34457 3262 31 will will MD 34457 3262 32 form form VB 34457 3262 33 a a DT 34457 3262 34 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 3262 35 solution solution NN 34457 3262 36 ; ; : 34457 3262 37 if if IN 34457 3262 38 the the DT 34457 3262 39 composition composition NN 34457 3262 40 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3262 41 to to IN 34457 3262 42 any any DT 34457 3262 43 point point NN 34457 3262 44 lying lie VBG 34457 3262 45 in in IN 34457 3262 46 one one CD 34457 3262 47 of of IN 34457 3262 48 the the DT 34457 3262 49 quadrilateral quadrilateral JJ 34457 3262 50 regions region NNS 34457 3262 51 _ _ NNP 34457 3262 52 x__{1 x__{1 NNP 34457 3262 53 } } -RRB- 34457 3262 54 , , , 34457 3262 55 _ _ NNP 34457 3262 56 x__{2 x__{2 NNP 34457 3262 57 } } -RRB- 34457 3262 58 or or CC 34457 3262 59 _ _ NNP 34457 3262 60 x__{3 x__{3 NNP 34457 3262 61 } } -RRB- 34457 3262 62 , , , 34457 3262 63 two two CD 34457 3262 64 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3262 65 solutions solution NNS 34457 3262 66 will will MD 34457 3262 67 be be VB 34457 3262 68 formed form VBN 34457 3262 69 ; ; : 34457 3262 70 while while IN 34457 3262 71 , , , 34457 3262 72 if if IN 34457 3262 73 the the DT 34457 3262 74 composition composition NN 34457 3262 75 is be VBZ 34457 3262 76 represented represent VBN 34457 3262 77 by by IN 34457 3262 78 any any DT 34457 3262 79 point point NN 34457 3262 80 in in IN 34457 3262 81 the the DT 34457 3262 82 inner inner JJ 34457 3262 83 triangle triangle NN 34457 3262 84 , , , 34457 3262 85 separation separation NN 34457 3262 86 into into IN 34457 3262 87 three three CD 34457 3262 88 layers layer NNS 34457 3262 89 will will MD 34457 3262 90 occur occur VB 34457 3262 91 . . . 34457 3263 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3263 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3263 3 : : : 34457 3263 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3263 5 . . . 34457 3264 1 94 94 CD 34457 3264 2 . . . 34457 3264 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3265 1 Since since IN 34457 3265 2 in in IN 34457 3265 3 the the DT 34457 3265 4 clear clear JJ 34457 3265 5 regions region NNS 34457 3265 6 at at IN 34457 3265 7 the the DT 34457 3265 8 corners corner NNS 34457 3265 9 of of IN 34457 3265 10 the the DT 34457 3265 11 triangle triangle NN 34457 3265 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3265 13 have have VBP 34457 3265 14 three three CD 34457 3265 15 components component NNS 34457 3265 16 in in IN 34457 3265 17 two two CD 34457 3265 18 phases phase NNS 34457 3265 19 , , , 34457 3265 20 liquid liquid NN 34457 3265 21 and and CC 34457 3265 22 vapour vapour NN 34457 3265 23 , , , 34457 3265 24 the the DT 34457 3265 25 systems system NNS 34457 3265 26 have have VBP 34457 3265 27 three three CD 34457 3265 28 degrees degree NNS 34457 3265 29 of of IN 34457 3265 30 freedom freedom NN 34457 3265 31 . . . 34457 3266 1 At at IN 34457 3266 2 constant constant JJ 34457 3266 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3266 4 , , , 34457 3266 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3266 6 , , , 34457 3266 7 the the DT 34457 3266 8 condition condition NN 34457 3266 9 of of IN 34457 3266 10 the the DT 34457 3266 11 system system NN 34457 3266 12 is be VBZ 34457 3266 13 not not RB 34457 3266 14 defined define VBN 34457 3266 15 until until IN 34457 3266 16 the the DT 34457 3266 17 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3266 18 of of IN 34457 3266 19 two two CD 34457 3266 20 of of IN 34457 3266 21 the the DT 34457 3266 22 components component NNS 34457 3266 23 are be VBP 34457 3266 24 fixed fix VBN 34457 3266 25 . . . 34457 3267 1 A a DT 34457 3267 2 system system NN 34457 3267 3 belonging belong VBG 34457 3267 4 to to IN 34457 3267 5 one one CD 34457 3267 6 of of IN 34457 3267 7 the the DT 34457 3267 8 quadrilateral quadrilateral JJ 34457 3267 9 spaces space NNS 34457 3267 10 has have VBZ 34457 3267 11 , , , 34457 3267 12 as as IN 34457 3267 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3267 14 have have VBP 34457 3267 15 seen see VBN 34457 3267 16 , , , 34457 3267 17 two two CD 34457 3267 18 degrees degree NNS 34457 3267 19 of of IN 34457 3267 20 freedom freedom NN 34457 3267 21 ; ; : 34457 3267 22 besides besides IN 34457 3267 23 the the DT 34457 3267 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 3267 25 , , , 34457 3267 26 one one CD 34457 3267 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 3267 28 must must MD 34457 3267 29 be be VB 34457 3267 30 fixed fix VBN 34457 3267 31 . . . 34457 3268 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 3268 2 , , , 34457 3268 3 a a DT 34457 3268 4 system system NN 34457 3268 5 the the DT 34457 3268 6 composition composition NN 34457 3268 7 of of IN 34457 3268 8 which which WDT 34457 3268 9 falls fall VBZ 34457 3268 10 within within IN 34457 3268 11 the the DT 34457 3268 12 inner inner JJ 34457 3268 13 triangle triangle NN 34457 3268 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3268 15 abc abc NNP 34457 3268 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3268 17 , , , 34457 3268 18 will will MD 34457 3268 19 form form VB 34457 3268 20 three three CD 34457 3268 21 layers layer NNS 34457 3268 22 , , , 34457 3268 23 and and CC 34457 3268 24 will will MD 34457 3268 25 therefore therefore RB 34457 3268 26 possess possess VB 34457 3268 27 only only RB 34457 3268 28 one one CD 34457 3268 29 degree degree NN 34457 3268 30 of of IN 34457 3268 31 freedom freedom NN 34457 3268 32 . . . 34457 3269 1 If if IN 34457 3269 2 the the DT 34457 3269 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3269 4 is be VBZ 34457 3269 5 fixed fix VBN 34457 3269 6 , , , 34457 3269 7 the the DT 34457 3269 8 composition composition NN 34457 3269 9 of of IN 34457 3269 10 the the DT 34457 3269 11 three three CD 34457 3269 12 layers layer NNS 34457 3269 13 is be VBZ 34457 3269 14 also also RB 34457 3269 15 determined determine VBN 34457 3269 16 , , , 34457 3269 17 viz viz NN 34457 3269 18 . . . 34457 3270 1 that that DT 34457 3270 2 of of IN 34457 3270 3 the the DT 34457 3270 4 points point NNS 34457 3270 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3270 6 a a DT 34457 3270 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3270 8 , , , 34457 3270 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3270 10 b b NNP 34457 3270 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3270 12 , , , 34457 3270 13 and and CC 34457 3270 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3270 15 c c NNP 34457 3270 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3270 17 respectively respectively RB 34457 3270 18 ; ; : 34457 3270 19 and and CC 34457 3270 20 a a DT 34457 3270 21 change change NN 34457 3270 22 in in IN 34457 3270 23 the the DT 34457 3270 24 composition composition NN 34457 3270 25 of of IN 34457 3270 26 the the DT 34457 3270 27 original original JJ 34457 3270 28 mixture mixture NN 34457 3270 29 can can MD 34457 3270 30 lead lead VB 34457 3270 31 only only RB 34457 3270 32 to to IN 34457 3270 33 a a DT 34457 3270 34 difference difference NN 34457 3270 35 in in IN 34457 3270 36 the the DT 34457 3270 37 relative relative JJ 34457 3270 38 amounts amount NNS 34457 3270 39 of of IN 34457 3270 40 the the DT 34457 3270 41 three three CD 34457 3270 42 layers layer NNS 34457 3270 43 , , , 34457 3270 44 not not RB 34457 3270 45 to to IN 34457 3270 46 a a DT 34457 3270 47 difference difference NN 34457 3270 48 in in IN 34457 3270 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3270 50 composition composition NN 34457 3270 51 . . . 34457 3271 1 An an DT 34457 3271 2 example example NN 34457 3271 3 of of IN 34457 3271 4 a a DT 34457 3271 5 system system NN 34457 3271 6 which which WDT 34457 3271 7 can can MD 34457 3271 8 form form VB 34457 3271 9 three three CD 34457 3271 10 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3271 11 phases phase NNS 34457 3271 12 is be VBZ 34457 3271 13 found find VBN 34457 3271 14 in in IN 34457 3271 15 water water NN 34457 3271 16 , , , 34457 3271 17 ether ether NN 34457 3271 18 , , , 34457 3271 19 and and CC 34457 3271 20 succinic succinic JJ 34457 3271 21 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 3271 22 . . . 34457 3272 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3272 2 330 330 CD 34457 3272 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3272 4 * * NFP 34457 3272 5 * * NFP 34457 3272 6 * * NFP 34457 3272 7 * * NFP 34457 3272 8 * * NFP 34457 3272 9 { { -LRB- 34457 3272 10 253 253 CD 34457 3272 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3272 12 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 3272 13 XV XV NNP 34457 3272 14 PRESENCE presence NN 34457 3272 15 OF of IN 34457 3272 16 SOLID solid JJ 34457 3272 17 PHASES phase NNS 34457 3272 18 A. a. NN 34457 3273 1 The the DT 34457 3273 2 Ternary Ternary NNP 34457 3273 3 Eutectic Eutectic NNP 34457 3273 4 Point.--In Point.--In NNP 34457 3273 5 passing pass VBG 34457 3273 6 to to IN 34457 3273 7 the the DT 34457 3273 8 consideration consideration NN 34457 3273 9 of of IN 34457 3273 10 those those DT 34457 3273 11 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3273 12 systems system NNS 34457 3273 13 in in IN 34457 3273 14 which which WDT 34457 3273 15 one one CD 34457 3273 16 or or CC 34457 3273 17 more more JJR 34457 3273 18 solid solid JJ 34457 3273 19 phases phase NNS 34457 3273 20 can can MD 34457 3273 21 exist exist VB 34457 3273 22 together together RB 34457 3273 23 with with IN 34457 3273 24 one one CD 34457 3273 25 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3273 26 phase phase NN 34457 3273 27 , , , 34457 3273 28 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3273 29 shall shall MD 34457 3273 30 first first RB 34457 3273 31 discuss discuss VB 34457 3273 32 not not RB 34457 3273 33 the the DT 34457 3273 34 solubility solubility NN 34457 3273 35 curves curve NNS 34457 3273 36 , , , 34457 3273 37 as as IN 34457 3273 38 in in IN 34457 3273 39 the the DT 34457 3273 40 case case NN 34457 3273 41 of of IN 34457 3273 42 two two CD 34457 3273 43 - - HYPH 34457 3273 44 component component NN 34457 3273 45 systems system NNS 34457 3273 46 , , , 34457 3273 47 but but CC 34457 3273 48 the the DT 34457 3273 49 simpler simple JJR 34457 3273 50 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3273 51 met meet VBD 34457 3273 52 with with IN 34457 3273 53 at at IN 34457 3273 54 the the DT 34457 3273 55 freezing freezing NN 34457 3273 56 point point NN 34457 3273 57 . . . 34457 3274 1 That that RB 34457 3274 2 is is RB 34457 3274 3 , , , 34457 3274 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3274 5 shall shall MD 34457 3274 6 first first RB 34457 3274 7 of of IN 34457 3274 8 all all DT 34457 3274 9 examine examine VB 34457 3274 10 the the DT 34457 3274 11 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3274 12 point point NN 34457 3274 13 curves curve NNS 34457 3274 14 of of IN 34457 3274 15 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3274 16 systems system NNS 34457 3274 17 . . . 34457 3275 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3275 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3275 3 : : : 34457 3275 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3275 5 . . . 34457 3276 1 95 95 CD 34457 3276 2 . . . 34457 3276 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3277 1 Since since IN 34457 3277 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3277 3 is be VBZ 34457 3277 4 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3277 5 to to TO 34457 3277 6 take take VB 34457 3277 7 into into IN 34457 3277 8 account account NN 34457 3277 9 not not RB 34457 3277 10 only only RB 34457 3277 11 the the DT 34457 3277 12 changing change VBG 34457 3277 13 composition composition NN 34457 3277 14 of of IN 34457 3277 15 the the DT 34457 3277 16 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3277 17 phase phase NN 34457 3277 18 , , , 34457 3277 19 but but CC 34457 3277 20 also also RB 34457 3277 21 the the DT 34457 3277 22 variation variation NN 34457 3277 23 of of IN 34457 3277 24 the the DT 34457 3277 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 3277 26 , , , 34457 3277 27 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3277 28 shall shall MD 34457 3277 29 employ employ VB 34457 3277 30 the the DT 34457 3277 31 right right JJ 34457 3277 32 prism prism NN 34457 3277 33 for for IN 34457 3277 34 the the DT 34457 3277 35 graphic graphic JJ 34457 3277 36 representation representation NN 34457 3277 37 of of IN 34457 3277 38 the the DT 34457 3277 39 systems system NNS 34457 3277 40 , , , 34457 3277 41 as as IN 34457 3277 42 shown show VBN 34457 3277 43 in in IN 34457 3277 44 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3277 45 . . . 34457 3278 1 95 95 CD 34457 3278 2 . . . 34457 3279 1 A a DT 34457 3279 2 , , , 34457 3279 3 B b NN 34457 3279 4 , , , 34457 3279 5 and and CC 34457 3279 6 C c NN 34457 3279 7 in in IN 34457 3279 8 this this DT 34457 3279 9 figure figure NN 34457 3279 10 , , , 34457 3279 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 3279 12 , , , 34457 3279 13 denote denote VB 34457 3279 14 the the DT 34457 3279 15 melting melt VBG 34457 3279 16 points point NNS 34457 3279 17 of of IN 34457 3279 18 the the DT 34457 3279 19 pure pure JJ 34457 3279 20 components component NNS 34457 3279 21 . . . 34457 3280 1 If if IN 34457 3280 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3280 3 start start VBP 34457 3280 4 with with IN 34457 3280 5 the the DT 34457 3280 6 component component NN 34457 3280 7 A a NN 34457 3280 8 at at IN 34457 3280 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3280 10 melting melting NN 34457 3280 11 point point NN 34457 3280 12 , , , 34457 3280 13 and and CC 34457 3280 14 add add VB 34457 3280 15 B B NNP 34457 3280 16 , , , 34457 3280 17 which which WDT 34457 3280 18 is be VBZ 34457 3280 19 capable capable JJ 34457 3280 20 of of IN 34457 3280 21 dissolving dissolve VBG 34457 3280 22 in in IN 34457 3280 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3280 24 A a NN 34457 3280 25 , , , 34457 3280 26 the the DT 34457 3280 27 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3280 28 point point NN 34457 3280 29 of of IN 34457 3280 30 A a DT 34457 3280 31 will will MD 34457 3280 32 be be VB 34457 3280 33 lowered lower VBN 34457 3280 34 ; ; : 34457 3280 35 and and CC 34457 3280 36 , , , 34457 3280 37 similarly similarly RB 34457 3280 38 , , , 34457 3280 39 the the DT 34457 3280 40 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3280 41 point point NN 34457 3280 42 of of IN 34457 3280 43 B b NN 34457 3280 44 by by IN 34457 3280 45 addition addition NN 34457 3280 46 of of IN 34457 3280 47 A. a. NN 34457 3281 1 In in IN 34457 3281 2 this this DT 34457 3281 3 way way NN 34457 3281 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3281 5 get get VBP 34457 3281 6 the the DT 34457 3281 7 freezing freezing NN 34457 3281 8 point point NN 34457 3281 9 curve curve NN 34457 3281 10 A_k__{1}B A_k__{1}B NNS 34457 3281 11 for for IN 34457 3281 12 the the DT 34457 3281 13 binary binary JJ 34457 3281 14 system system NN 34457 3281 15 ; ; : 34457 3281 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3281 17 k__{1 k__{1 NNP 34457 3281 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3281 19 ; ; : 34457 3281 20 being be VBG 34457 3281 21 an an DT 34457 3281 22 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3281 23 point point NN 34457 3281 24 . . . 34457 3282 1 This this DT 34457 3282 2 curve curve NN 34457 3282 3 will will MD 34457 3282 4 of of IN 34457 3282 5 course course NN 34457 3282 6 lie lie NN 34457 3282 7 in in IN 34457 3282 8 the the DT 34457 3282 9 plane plane NN 34457 3282 10 formed form VBN 34457 3282 11 by by IN 34457 3282 12 one one CD 34457 3282 13 face face NN 34457 3282 14 of of IN 34457 3282 15 the the DT 34457 3282 16 prism prism NN 34457 3282 17 . . . 34457 3283 1 In in IN 34457 3283 2 a a DT 34457 3283 3 similar similar JJ 34457 3283 4 manner manner NN 34457 3283 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3283 6 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3283 7 the the DT 34457 3283 8 freezing freezing NN 34457 3283 9 point point NN 34457 3283 10 curves curve NNS 34457 3283 11 A_k__{2}C A_k__{2}C NNP 34457 3283 12 and and CC 34457 3283 13 B_k__{3}C. B_k__{3}C. VBZ 34457 3283 14 These these DT 34457 3283 15 curves curve NNS 34457 3283 16 give give VBP 34457 3283 17 the the DT 34457 3283 18 composition composition NN 34457 3283 19 of of IN 34457 3283 20 the the DT 34457 3283 21 binary binary JJ 34457 3283 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 3283 23 phases phase NNS 34457 3283 24 in in IN 34457 3283 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3283 26 { { -LRB- 34457 3283 27 254 254 CD 34457 3283 28 } } -RRB- 34457 3283 29 with with IN 34457 3283 30 one one CD 34457 3283 31 of of IN 34457 3283 32 the the DT 34457 3283 33 pure pure JJ 34457 3283 34 components component NNS 34457 3283 35 , , , 34457 3283 36 or or CC 34457 3283 37 at at IN 34457 3283 38 the the DT 34457 3283 39 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3283 40 points point NNS 34457 3283 41 , , , 34457 3283 42 with with IN 34457 3283 43 a a DT 34457 3283 44 mixture mixture NN 34457 3283 45 of of IN 34457 3283 46 two two CD 34457 3283 47 solid solid JJ 34457 3283 48 components component NNS 34457 3283 49 . . . 34457 3284 1 If if IN 34457 3284 2 , , , 34457 3284 3 now now RB 34457 3284 4 , , , 34457 3284 5 to to IN 34457 3284 6 the the DT 34457 3284 7 system system NN 34457 3284 8 represented represent VBN 34457 3284 9 say say VBP 34457 3284 10 by by IN 34457 3284 11 the the DT 34457 3284 12 point point NN 34457 3284 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3284 14 k__{1 k__{1 NNP 34457 3284 15 } } -RRB- 34457 3284 16 , , , 34457 3284 17 a a DT 34457 3284 18 small small JJ 34457 3284 19 quantity quantity NN 34457 3284 20 of of IN 34457 3284 21 the the DT 34457 3284 22 third third JJ 34457 3284 23 component component NN 34457 3284 24 , , , 34457 3284 25 C C NNP 34457 3284 26 , , , 34457 3284 27 is be VBZ 34457 3284 28 added add VBN 34457 3284 29 , , , 34457 3284 30 the the DT 34457 3284 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 3284 32 at at IN 34457 3284 33 which which WDT 34457 3284 34 the the DT 34457 3284 35 two two CD 34457 3284 36 solid solid JJ 34457 3284 37 phases phase NNS 34457 3284 38 A a NN 34457 3284 39 and and CC 34457 3284 40 B b NN 34457 3284 41 can can MD 34457 3284 42 exist exist VB 34457 3284 43 in in IN 34457 3284 44 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3284 45 with with IN 34457 3284 46 the the DT 34457 3284 47 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3284 48 phase phase NN 34457 3284 49 is be VBZ 34457 3284 50 lowered lower VBN 34457 3284 51 ; ; : 34457 3284 52 and and CC 34457 3284 53 this this DT 34457 3284 54 depression depression NN 34457 3284 55 of of IN 34457 3284 56 the the DT 34457 3284 57 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3284 58 point point NN 34457 3284 59 is be VBZ 34457 3284 60 all all PDT 34457 3284 61 the the DT 34457 3284 62 greater great JJR 34457 3284 63 the the DT 34457 3284 64 larger large JJR 34457 3284 65 the the DT 34457 3284 66 addition addition NN 34457 3284 67 of of IN 34457 3284 68 C. C. NNP 34457 3284 69 In in IN 34457 3284 70 this this DT 34457 3284 71 way way NN 34457 3284 72 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3284 73 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3284 74 the the DT 34457 3284 75 curve curve NN 34457 3284 76 _ _ NNP 34457 3284 77 k__{1}K k__{1}K NNP 34457 3284 78 , , , 34457 3284 79 which which WDT 34457 3284 80 slopes slope VBZ 34457 3284 81 inwards inward NNS 34457 3284 82 and and CC 34457 3284 83 downwards downwards RB 34457 3284 84 , , , 34457 3284 85 and and CC 34457 3284 86 indicates indicate VBZ 34457 3284 87 the the DT 34457 3284 88 varying vary VBG 34457 3284 89 composition composition NN 34457 3284 90 of of IN 34457 3284 91 the the DT 34457 3284 92 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3284 93 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3284 94 phase phase NN 34457 3284 95 with with IN 34457 3284 96 which which WDT 34457 3284 97 a a DT 34457 3284 98 mixture mixture NN 34457 3284 99 of of IN 34457 3284 100 solid solid JJ 34457 3284 101 A a NN 34457 3284 102 and and CC 34457 3284 103 B b NN 34457 3284 104 are be VBP 34457 3284 105 in in IN 34457 3284 106 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3284 107 . . . 34457 3285 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 3285 2 , , , 34457 3285 3 the the DT 34457 3285 4 curves curve NNS 34457 3285 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3285 6 k__{2}K k__{2}K NNP 34457 3285 7 and and CC 34457 3285 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3285 9 k__{3}K k__{3}K NNP 34457 3285 10 are be VBP 34457 3285 11 the the DT 34457 3285 12 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3285 13 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3285 14 curves curve NNS 34457 3285 15 for for IN 34457 3285 16 A a NN 34457 3285 17 and and CC 34457 3285 18 C C NNP 34457 3285 19 , , , 34457 3285 20 and and CC 34457 3285 21 B B NNP 34457 3285 22 and and CC 34457 3285 23 C C NNP 34457 3285 24 in in IN 34457 3285 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3285 26 with with IN 34457 3285 27 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3285 28 solutions solution NNS 34457 3285 29 . . . 34457 3286 1 At at IN 34457 3286 2 the the DT 34457 3286 3 point point NN 34457 3286 4 K k NN 34457 3286 5 , , , 34457 3286 6 the the DT 34457 3286 7 three three CD 34457 3286 8 solid solid JJ 34457 3286 9 components component NNS 34457 3286 10 are be VBP 34457 3286 11 in in IN 34457 3286 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3286 13 with with IN 34457 3286 14 the the DT 34457 3286 15 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3286 16 phase phase NN 34457 3286 17 ; ; : 34457 3286 18 and and CC 34457 3286 19 this this DT 34457 3286 20 point point NN 34457 3286 21 , , , 34457 3286 22 therefore therefore RB 34457 3286 23 , , , 34457 3286 24 represents represent VBZ 34457 3286 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3286 26 the the DT 34457 3286 27 lowest low JJS 34457 3286 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 3286 29 attainable attainable JJ 34457 3286 30 with with IN 34457 3286 31 the the DT 34457 3286 32 three three CD 34457 3286 33 components component NNS 34457 3286 34 given give VBN 34457 3286 35 _ _ NNP 34457 3286 36 . . . 34457 3287 1 Each each DT 34457 3287 2 of of IN 34457 3287 3 the the DT 34457 3287 4 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3287 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3287 6 curves curve NNS 34457 3287 7 , , , 34457 3287 8 as as IN 34457 3287 9 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3287 10 may may MD 34457 3287 11 be be VB 34457 3287 12 called call VBN 34457 3287 13 , , , 34457 3287 14 is be VBZ 34457 3287 15 produced produce VBN 34457 3287 16 by by IN 34457 3287 17 the the DT 34457 3287 18 intersection intersection NN 34457 3287 19 of of IN 34457 3287 20 two two CD 34457 3287 21 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3287 22 , , , 34457 3287 23 while while IN 34457 3287 24 at at IN 34457 3287 25 the the DT 34457 3287 26 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3287 27 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3287 28 point point NN 34457 3287 29 , , , 34457 3287 30 three three CD 34457 3287 31 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3287 32 , , , 34457 3287 33 viz viz NN 34457 3287 34 . . . 34457 3288 1 A_k__{1}K_k__{2 A_k__{1}K_k__{2 NNP 34457 3288 2 } } -RRB- 34457 3288 3 , , , 34457 3288 4 B_k__{1}K_k__{3 B_k__{1}K_k__{3 NFP 34457 3288 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3288 6 , , , 34457 3288 7 and and CC 34457 3288 8 C_k__{1}K_k__{3 c_k__{1}k_k__{3 NN 34457 3288 9 } } -RRB- 34457 3288 10 intersect intersect NN 34457 3288 11 . . . 34457 3289 1 Any any DT 34457 3289 2 point point NN 34457 3289 3 on on IN 34457 3289 4 one one CD 34457 3289 5 of of IN 34457 3289 6 these these DT 34457 3289 7 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3289 8 represents represent VBZ 34457 3289 9 a a DT 34457 3289 10 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3289 11 solution solution NN 34457 3289 12 in in IN 34457 3289 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3289 14 with with IN 34457 3289 15 only only RB 34457 3289 16 one one CD 34457 3289 17 component component NN 34457 3289 18 in in IN 34457 3289 19 the the DT 34457 3289 20 solid solid JJ 34457 3289 21 state state NN 34457 3289 22 ; ; : 34457 3289 23 the the DT 34457 3289 24 lines line NNS 34457 3289 25 or or CC 34457 3289 26 curves curve NNS 34457 3289 27 of of IN 34457 3289 28 intersection intersection NN 34457 3289 29 of of IN 34457 3289 30 these these DT 34457 3289 31 represent represent VBP 34457 3289 32 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3289 33 with with IN 34457 3289 34 two two CD 34457 3289 35 solid solid JJ 34457 3289 36 phases phase NNS 34457 3289 37 , , , 34457 3289 38 while while IN 34457 3289 39 at at IN 34457 3289 40 the the DT 34457 3289 41 point point NN 34457 3289 42 K K NNP 34457 3289 43 , , , 34457 3289 44 the the DT 34457 3289 45 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3289 46 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3289 47 point point NN 34457 3289 48 , , , 34457 3289 49 there there EX 34457 3289 50 are be VBP 34457 3289 51 three three CD 34457 3289 52 solid solid JJ 34457 3289 53 phases phase NNS 34457 3289 54 in in IN 34457 3289 55 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3289 56 with with IN 34457 3289 57 a a DT 34457 3289 58 liquid liquid NN 34457 3289 59 and and CC 34457 3289 60 a a DT 34457 3289 61 vapour vapour NN 34457 3289 62 phase phase NN 34457 3289 63 . . . 34457 3290 1 The the DT 34457 3290 2 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3290 3 just just RB 34457 3290 4 mentioned mention VBD 34457 3290 5 represent represent NN 34457 3290 6 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 3290 7 systems system NNS 34457 3290 8 . . . 34457 3291 1 One one CD 34457 3291 2 component component NN 34457 3291 3 in in IN 34457 3291 4 the the DT 34457 3291 5 solid solid JJ 34457 3291 6 state state NN 34457 3291 7 can can MD 34457 3291 8 exist exist VB 34457 3291 9 in in IN 34457 3291 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3291 11 with with IN 34457 3291 12 a a DT 34457 3291 13 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3291 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3291 15 phase phase NN 34457 3291 16 under under IN 34457 3291 17 varying varying NN 34457 3291 18 conditions condition NNS 34457 3291 19 of of IN 34457 3291 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 3291 21 and and CC 34457 3291 22 concentration concentration NN 34457 3291 23 of of IN 34457 3291 24 the the DT 34457 3291 25 components component NNS 34457 3291 26 in in IN 34457 3291 27 the the DT 34457 3291 28 solution solution NN 34457 3291 29 ; ; : 34457 3291 30 and and CC 34457 3291 31 before before IN 34457 3291 32 the the DT 34457 3291 33 state state NN 34457 3291 34 of of IN 34457 3291 35 the the DT 34457 3291 36 system system NN 34457 3291 37 is be VBZ 34457 3291 38 defined define VBN 34457 3291 39 , , , 34457 3291 40 these these DT 34457 3291 41 two two CD 34457 3291 42 variables variable NNS 34457 3291 43 , , , 34457 3291 44 temperature temperature NN 34457 3291 45 and and CC 34457 3291 46 composition composition NN 34457 3291 47 of of IN 34457 3291 48 the the DT 34457 3291 49 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3291 50 phase phase NN 34457 3291 51 , , , 34457 3291 52 must must MD 34457 3291 53 be be VB 34457 3291 54 fixed fix VBN 34457 3291 55 . . . 34457 3292 1 On on IN 34457 3292 2 the the DT 34457 3292 3 other other JJ 34457 3292 4 hand hand NN 34457 3292 5 , , , 34457 3292 6 the the DT 34457 3292 7 curves curve NNS 34457 3292 8 formed form VBN 34457 3292 9 by by IN 34457 3292 10 the the DT 34457 3292 11 intersection intersection NN 34457 3292 12 of of IN 34457 3292 13 these these DT 34457 3292 14 planes plane NNS 34457 3292 15 represent represent VBP 34457 3292 16 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3292 17 systems system NNS 34457 3292 18 ; ; : 34457 3292 19 at at IN 34457 3292 20 a a DT 34457 3292 21 given give VBN 34457 3292 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 3292 23 two two CD 34457 3292 24 solid solid JJ 34457 3292 25 phases phase NNS 34457 3292 26 can can MD 34457 3292 27 exist exist VB 34457 3292 28 in in IN 34457 3292 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3292 30 with with IN 34457 3292 31 a a DT 34457 3292 32 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3292 33 solution solution NN 34457 3292 34 , , , 34457 3292 35 only only RB 34457 3292 36 when when WRB 34457 3292 37 the the DT 34457 3292 38 latter latter NN 34457 3292 39 has have VBZ 34457 3292 40 a a DT 34457 3292 41 definite definite JJ 34457 3292 42 composition composition NN 34457 3292 43 . . . 34457 3293 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 3293 2 , , , 34457 3293 3 the the DT 34457 3293 4 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3293 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3293 6 point point NN 34457 3293 7 , , , 34457 3293 8 K K NNP 34457 3293 9 , , , 34457 3293 10 represents represent VBZ 34457 3293 11 an an DT 34457 3293 12 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3293 13 system system NN 34457 3293 14 ; ; : 34457 3293 15 three three CD 34457 3293 16 solid solid JJ 34457 3293 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3293 18 can can MD 34457 3293 19 exist exist VB 34457 3293 20 in in IN 34457 3293 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3293 22 with with IN 34457 3293 23 a a DT 34457 3293 24 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3293 25 solution solution NN 34457 3293 26 , , , 34457 3293 27 only only RB 34457 3293 28 when when WRB 34457 3293 29 the the DT 34457 3293 30 latter latter NN 34457 3293 31 has have VBZ 34457 3293 32 one one CD 34457 3293 33 fixed fix VBN 34457 3293 34 composition composition NN 34457 3293 35 and and CC 34457 3293 36 when when WRB 34457 3293 37 the the DT 34457 3293 38 temperature temperature NN 34457 3293 39 has have VBZ 34457 3293 40 a a DT 34457 3293 41 definite definite JJ 34457 3293 42 value value NN 34457 3293 43 . . . 34457 3294 1 This this DT 34457 3294 2 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3294 3 point point NN 34457 3294 4 , , , 34457 3294 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3294 6 , , , 34457 3294 7 { { -LRB- 34457 3294 8 255 255 CD 34457 3294 9 } } -RRB- 34457 3294 10 has have VBZ 34457 3294 11 a a DT 34457 3294 12 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 3294 13 definite definite JJ 34457 3294 14 position position NN 34457 3294 15 , , , 34457 3294 16 depending depend VBG 34457 3294 17 only only RB 34457 3294 18 on on IN 34457 3294 19 the the DT 34457 3294 20 nature nature NN 34457 3294 21 of of IN 34457 3294 22 the the DT 34457 3294 23 three three CD 34457 3294 24 components component NNS 34457 3294 25 . . . 34457 3295 1 Instead instead RB 34457 3295 2 of of IN 34457 3295 3 employing employ VBG 34457 3295 4 the the DT 34457 3295 5 prism prism NN 34457 3295 6 , , , 34457 3295 7 the the DT 34457 3295 8 change change NN 34457 3295 9 in in IN 34457 3295 10 the the DT 34457 3295 11 composition composition NN 34457 3295 12 of of IN 34457 3295 13 the the DT 34457 3295 14 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3295 15 solutions solution NNS 34457 3295 16 can can MD 34457 3295 17 also also RB 34457 3295 18 be be VB 34457 3295 19 indicated indicate VBN 34457 3295 20 by by IN 34457 3295 21 means mean NNS 34457 3295 22 of of IN 34457 3295 23 the the DT 34457 3295 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3295 25 projections projection NNS 34457 3295 26 _ _ NNP 34457 3295 27 of of IN 34457 3295 28 the the DT 34457 3295 29 curves curve NNS 34457 3295 30 _ _ NNP 34457 3295 31 k__{1}K k__{1}K NNP 34457 3295 32 , , , 34457 3295 33 _ _ NNP 34457 3295 34 k__{2}K k__{2}K NNP 34457 3295 35 , , , 34457 3295 36 and and CC 34457 3295 37 _ _ NNP 34457 3295 38 k__{3}K k__{3}K NNP 34457 3295 39 on on IN 34457 3295 40 the the DT 34457 3295 41 base base NN 34457 3295 42 of of IN 34457 3295 43 the the DT 34457 3295 44 prism prism NN 34457 3295 45 , , , 34457 3295 46 the the DT 34457 3295 47 particular particular JJ 34457 3295 48 temperature temperature NN 34457 3295 49 being be VBG 34457 3295 50 written write VBN 34457 3295 51 beside beside IN 34457 3295 52 the the DT 34457 3295 53 different different JJ 34457 3295 54 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3295 55 points point NNS 34457 3295 56 and and CC 34457 3295 57 curves curve NNS 34457 3295 58 . . . 34457 3296 1 This this DT 34457 3296 2 is be VBZ 34457 3296 3 shown show VBN 34457 3296 4 in in IN 34457 3296 5 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3296 6 . . . 34457 3297 1 96 96 CD 34457 3297 2 . . . 34457 3298 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3298 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3298 3 : : : 34457 3298 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3298 5 . . . 34457 3299 1 96 96 CD 34457 3299 2 . . . 34457 3299 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3300 1 The the DT 34457 3300 2 numbers number NNS 34457 3300 3 which which WDT 34457 3300 4 are be VBP 34457 3300 5 given give VBN 34457 3300 6 in in IN 34457 3300 7 this this DT 34457 3300 8 diagram diagram NN 34457 3300 9 refer refer NN 34457 3300 10 to to IN 34457 3300 11 the the DT 34457 3300 12 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3300 13 points point NNS 34457 3300 14 for for IN 34457 3300 15 the the DT 34457 3300 16 system system NN 34457 3300 17 bismuth bismuth NN 34457 3300 18 -- -- : 34457 3300 19 lead lead NN 34457 3300 20 -- -- : 34457 3300 21 tin tin NN 34457 3300 22 , , , 34457 3300 23 the the DT 34457 3300 24 data datum NNS 34457 3300 25 for for IN 34457 3300 26 which which WDT 34457 3300 27 are be VBP 34457 3300 28 as as IN 34457 3300 29 follows:--[331 follows:--[331 NN 34457 3300 30 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3300 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3300 32 Melting melt VBG 34457 3300 33 point point NN 34457 3300 34 of of IN 34457 3300 35 | | JJ 34457 3300 36 Percentage Percentage NNP 34457 3300 37 composition composition NN 34457 3300 38 of of IN 34457 3300 39 | | CD 34457 3300 40 Temperature Temperature NNP 34457 3300 41 of of IN 34457 3300 42 binary binary JJ 34457 3300 43 pure pure JJ 34457 3300 44 metal metal NN 34457 3300 45 . . . 34457 3301 1 | | JJ 34457 3301 2 binary binary JJ 34457 3301 3 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3301 4 mixture mixture NN 34457 3301 5 . . . 34457 3302 1 | | JJ 34457 3302 2 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3302 3 point point NN 34457 3302 4 . . . 34457 3303 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3303 2 | | NNP 34457 3303 3 Bi Bi NNP 34457 3303 4 Pb Pb NNP 34457 3303 5 Sn Sn NNP 34457 3303 6 | | NNP 34457 3303 7 Bismuth Bismuth NNP 34457 3303 8 , , , 34457 3303 9 268 268â CD 34457 3303 10 ° ° , 34457 3303 11 | | CD 34457 3303 12 55 55 CD 34457 3303 13 45 45 CD 34457 3303 14 -- -- : 34457 3303 15 | | NNP 34457 3303 16 Bi Bi NNP 34457 3303 17 -- -- . 34457 3303 18 Pb Pb NNP 34457 3303 19 , , , 34457 3303 20 127 127â CD 34457 3303 21 ° ° NNS 34457 3303 22 Lead lead VBP 34457 3303 23 , , , 34457 3303 24 325 325â CD 34457 3303 25 ° ° , 34457 3303 26 | | CD 34457 3303 27 58 58 CD 34457 3303 28 -- -- : 34457 3303 29 42 42 CD 34457 3303 30 | | NNS 34457 3303 31 Bi Bi NNP 34457 3303 32 -- -- . 34457 3303 33 Sn Sn NNP 34457 3303 34 , , , 34457 3303 35 133 133â CD 34457 3303 36 ° ° , 34457 3303 37 Tin Tin NNP 34457 3303 38 , , , 34457 3303 39 232 232â CD 34457 3303 40 ° ° , 34457 3303 41 | | NNP 34457 3303 42 -- -- : 34457 3303 43 37 37 CD 34457 3303 44 63 63 CD 34457 3303 45 | | CD 34457 3303 46 Pb Pb NNP 34457 3303 47 -- -- . 34457 3303 48 Sn Sn NNP 34457 3303 49 , , , 34457 3303 50 182 182â CD 34457 3303 51 ° ° , 34457 3303 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3303 53 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3303 54 Percentage percentage NN 34457 3303 55 composition composition NN 34457 3303 56 of of IN 34457 3303 57 | | CD 34457 3303 58 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3303 59 of of IN 34457 3303 60 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3303 61 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3303 62 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3303 63 mixture mixture NN 34457 3303 64 . . . 34457 3304 1 | | JJ 34457 3304 2 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3304 3 point point NN 34457 3304 4 . . . 34457 3305 1 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3305 2 Bi Bi NNP 34457 3305 3 Pb Pb NNP 34457 3305 4 Sn Sn NNP 34457 3305 5 | | NNP 34457 3305 6 52 52 CD 34457 3305 7 32 32 CD 34457 3305 8 16 16 CD 34457 3305 9 | | CD 34457 3305 10 96 96â CD 34457 3305 11 ° ° , 34457 3305 12 -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3305 13 Formation Formation NNP 34457 3305 14 of of IN 34457 3305 15 Compounds.--In Compounds.--In NNP 34457 3305 16 the the DT 34457 3305 17 case case NN 34457 3305 18 just just RB 34457 3305 19 discussed discuss VBN 34457 3305 20 , , , 34457 3305 21 the the DT 34457 3305 22 components component NNS 34457 3305 23 crystallized crystallize VBD 34457 3305 24 out out RP 34457 3305 25 from from IN 34457 3305 26 solution solution NN 34457 3305 27 in in IN 34457 3305 28 the the DT 34457 3305 29 pure pure JJ 34457 3305 30 state state NN 34457 3305 31 . . . 34457 3306 1 If if IN 34457 3306 2 , , , 34457 3306 3 however however RB 34457 3306 4 , , , 34457 3306 5 combination combination NN 34457 3306 6 can can MD 34457 3306 7 take take VB 34457 3306 8 place place NN 34457 3306 9 between between IN 34457 3306 10 two two CD 34457 3306 11 of of IN 34457 3306 12 the the DT 34457 3306 13 components component NNS 34457 3306 14 , , , 34457 3306 15 the the DT 34457 3306 16 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3306 17 will will MD 34457 3306 18 be be VB 34457 3306 19 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 3306 20 different different JJ 34457 3306 21 ; ; : 34457 3306 22 the the DT 34457 3306 23 curves curve NNS 34457 3306 24 which which WDT 34457 3306 25 are be VBP 34457 3306 26 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3306 27 in in IN 34457 3306 28 such such PDT 34457 3306 29 a a DT 34457 3306 30 case case NN 34457 3306 31 being be VBG 34457 3306 32 represented represent VBN 34457 3306 33 in in IN 34457 3306 34 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3306 35 . . . 34457 3307 1 97 97 CD 34457 3307 2 . . . 34457 3308 1 From from IN 34457 3308 2 the the DT 34457 3308 3 figure figure NN 34457 3308 4 , , , 34457 3308 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3308 6 see see VBP 34457 3308 7 that that IN 34457 3308 8 the the DT 34457 3308 9 two two CD 34457 3308 10 components component NNS 34457 3308 11 B B NNP 34457 3308 12 { { -LRB- 34457 3308 13 256 256 CD 34457 3308 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3308 15 and and CC 34457 3308 16 C c NN 34457 3308 17 form form VB 34457 3308 18 a a DT 34457 3308 19 compound compound NN 34457 3308 20 , , , 34457 3308 21 and and CC 34457 3308 22 the the DT 34457 3308 23 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3308 24 point point NN 34457 3308 25 curve curve NN 34457 3308 26 of of IN 34457 3308 27 the the DT 34457 3308 28 binary binary JJ 34457 3308 29 system system NN 34457 3308 30 has have VBZ 34457 3308 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 3308 32 the the DT 34457 3308 33 form form NN 34457 3308 34 shown show VBN 34457 3308 35 in in IN 34457 3308 36 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3308 37 . . . 34457 3309 1 64 64 CD 34457 3309 2 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3309 3 p. p. NN 34457 3309 4 209 209 CD 34457 3309 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3309 6 . . . 34457 3310 1 Further further RB 34457 3310 2 , , , 34457 3310 3 there there EX 34457 3310 4 are be VBP 34457 3310 5 two two CD 34457 3310 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3310 7 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3310 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3310 9 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3310 10 points point NNS 34457 3310 11 , , , 34457 3310 12 K_{1 K_{1 NNP 34457 3310 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3310 14 and and CC 34457 3310 15 K_{2 K_{2 NNP 34457 3310 16 } } -RRB- 34457 3310 17 , , , 34457 3310 18 the the DT 34457 3310 19 solid solid JJ 34457 3310 20 phases phase NNS 34457 3310 21 present present VBP 34457 3310 22 being be VBG 34457 3310 23 A a NN 34457 3310 24 , , , 34457 3310 25 B b NN 34457 3310 26 , , , 34457 3310 27 and and CC 34457 3310 28 compound compound NN 34457 3310 29 , , , 34457 3310 30 and and CC 34457 3310 31 A A NNP 34457 3310 32 , , , 34457 3310 33 C C NNP 34457 3310 34 , , , 34457 3310 35 and and CC 34457 3310 36 compound compound NN 34457 3310 37 respectively respectively RB 34457 3310 38 . . . 34457 3311 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3311 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3311 3 : : : 34457 3311 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3311 5 . . . 34457 3312 1 97 97 CD 34457 3312 2 . . . 34457 3312 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3313 1 The the DT 34457 3313 2 particular particular JJ 34457 3313 3 point point NN 34457 3313 4 , , , 34457 3313 5 now now RB 34457 3313 6 , , , 34457 3313 7 to to TO 34457 3313 8 which which WDT 34457 3313 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3313 10 is be VBZ 34457 3313 11 desired desire VBN 34457 3313 12 to to TO 34457 3313 13 draw draw VB 34457 3313 14 attention attention NN 34457 3313 15 is be VBZ 34457 3313 16 this this DT 34457 3313 17 . . . 34457 3314 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 3314 2 the the DT 34457 3314 3 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3314 4 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3314 5 curves curve NNS 34457 3314 6 projected project VBD 34457 3314 7 on on IN 34457 3314 8 a a DT 34457 3314 9 plane plane NN 34457 3314 10 parallel parallel NN 34457 3314 11 to to IN 34457 3314 12 the the DT 34457 3314 13 face face NN 34457 3314 14 of of IN 34457 3314 15 the the DT 34457 3314 16 prism prism NN 34457 3314 17 containing contain VBG 34457 3314 18 B B NNP 34457 3314 19 and and CC 34457 3314 20 C C NNP 34457 3314 21 , , , 34457 3314 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3314 23 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 3314 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3314 25 suppose suppose VBP 34457 3314 26 the the DT 34457 3314 27 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3314 28 of of IN 34457 3314 29 the the DT 34457 3314 30 two two CD 34457 3314 31 components component NNS 34457 3314 32 B B NNP 34457 3314 33 and and CC 34457 3314 34 C C NNP 34457 3314 35 , , , 34457 3314 36 between between IN 34457 3314 37 which which WDT 34457 3314 38 interaction interaction NN 34457 3314 39 can can MD 34457 3314 40 occur occur VB 34457 3314 41 , , , 34457 3314 42 expressed express VBN 34457 3314 43 in in IN 34457 3314 44 terms term NNS 34457 3314 45 of of IN 34457 3314 46 a a DT 34457 3314 47 constant constant JJ 34457 3314 48 amount amount NN 34457 3314 49 of of IN 34457 3314 50 the the DT 34457 3314 51 third third JJ 34457 3314 52 component component NN 34457 3314 53 A,[332 A,[332 NNP 34457 3314 54 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3314 55 curves curve NNS 34457 3314 56 will will MD 34457 3314 57 then then RB 34457 3314 58 be be VB 34457 3314 59 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3314 60 which which WDT 34457 3314 61 are be VBP 34457 3314 62 in in IN 34457 3314 63 every every DT 34457 3314 64 respect respect NN 34457 3314 65 analogous analogous JJ 34457 3314 66 to to IN 34457 3314 67 the the DT 34457 3314 68 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3314 69 point point NN 34457 3314 70 curves curve NNS 34457 3314 71 of of IN 34457 3314 72 binary binary JJ 34457 3314 73 systems system NNS 34457 3314 74 . . . 34457 3315 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3315 2 , , , 34457 3315 3 suppose suppose VB 34457 3315 4 the the DT 34457 3315 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3315 6 curves curve NNS 34457 3315 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3315 8 k__{1}K k__{1}K NNP 34457 3315 9 and and CC 34457 3315 10 _ _ NNP 34457 3315 11 k__{2}K k__{2}K NNP 34457 3315 12 in in IN 34457 3315 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3315 14 . . . 34457 3316 1 95 95 CD 34457 3316 2 projected project VBD 34457 3316 3 on on IN 34457 3316 4 the the DT 34457 3316 5 face face NN 34457 3316 6 BC BC NNP 34457 3316 7 of of IN 34457 3316 8 the the DT 34457 3316 9 prism prism NN 34457 3316 10 , , , 34457 3316 11 then then RB 34457 3316 12 evidently evidently RB 34457 3316 13 a a DT 34457 3316 14 curve curve NN 34457 3316 15 will will MD 34457 3316 16 be be VB 34457 3316 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3316 18 consisting consist VBG 34457 3316 19 of of IN 34457 3316 20 two two CD 34457 3316 21 branches branch NNS 34457 3316 22 meeting meet VBG 34457 3316 23 in in IN 34457 3316 24 an an DT 34457 3316 25 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3316 26 point point NN 34457 3316 27 . . . 34457 3317 1 On on IN 34457 3317 2 the the DT 34457 3317 3 other other JJ 34457 3317 4 hand hand NN 34457 3317 5 , , , 34457 3317 6 the the DT 34457 3317 7 projection projection NN 34457 3317 8 of of IN 34457 3317 9 the the DT 34457 3317 10 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3317 11 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3317 12 curves curve NNS 34457 3317 13 in in IN 34457 3317 14 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3317 15 . . . 34457 3318 1 97 97 CD 34457 3318 2 on on IN 34457 3318 3 the the DT 34457 3318 4 face face NN 34457 3318 5 BC BC NNP 34457 3318 6 of of IN 34457 3318 7 the the DT 34457 3318 8 prism prism NN 34457 3318 9 , , , 34457 3318 10 will will MD 34457 3318 11 give give VB 34457 3318 12 a a DT 34457 3318 13 curve curve NN 34457 3318 14 consisting consist VBG 34457 3318 15 of of IN 34457 3318 16 three three CD 34457 3318 17 portions portion NNS 34457 3318 18 , , , 34457 3318 19 as as IN 34457 3318 20 shown show VBN 34457 3318 21 by by IN 34457 3318 22 the the DT 34457 3318 23 outline outline NN 34457 3318 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3318 25 k__{1}K_{1}K_{2}_k__{2 k__{1}K_{1}K_{2}_k__{2 . 34457 3318 26 } } -RRB- 34457 3318 27 in in IN 34457 3318 28 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3318 29 . . . 34457 3319 1 97 97 CD 34457 3319 2 . . . 34457 3320 1 Various various JJ 34457 3320 2 examples example NNS 34457 3320 3 of of IN 34457 3320 4 this this DT 34457 3320 5 have have VBP 34457 3320 6 been be VBN 34457 3320 7 studied study VBN 34457 3320 8 , , , 34457 3320 9 and and CC 34457 3320 10 the the DT 34457 3320 11 following follow VBG 34457 3320 12 table table NN 34457 3320 13 contains contain VBZ 34457 3320 14 some some DT 34457 3320 15 of of IN 34457 3320 16 the the DT 34457 3320 17 data datum NNS 34457 3320 18 for for IN 34457 3320 19 the the DT 34457 3320 20 system system NN 34457 3320 21 ethylene ethylene NN 34457 3320 22 bromide bromide NN 34457 3320 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3320 24 A a NN 34457 3320 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3320 26 , , , 34457 3320 27 picric picric JJ 34457 3320 28 acid acid NN 34457 3320 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3320 30 B b NN 34457 3320 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3320 32 , , , 34457 3320 33 and and CC 34457 3320 34 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3320 35 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 3320 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3320 37 C C NNP 34457 3320 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3320 39 , , , 34457 3320 40 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3320 41 by by IN 34457 3320 42 Bruni Bruni NNP 34457 3320 43 . . . 34457 3321 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3321 2 333 333 CD 34457 3321 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3321 4 { { -LRB- 34457 3321 5 257 257 CD 34457 3321 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3321 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3321 8 | | NNP 34457 3321 9 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3321 10 | | JJ 34457 3321 11 Solid solid JJ 34457 3321 12 phases phase NNS 34457 3321 13 present present JJ 34457 3321 14 . . . 34457 3322 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3322 2 Point Point NNP 34457 3322 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3322 4 k__{1 k__{1 NNP 34457 3322 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3322 6 | | NNP 34457 3322 7 9.41 9.41 NNS 34457 3322 8 ° ° , 34457 3322 9 | | NNP 34457 3322 10 Ethylene Ethylene NNP 34457 3322 11 bromide bromide NN 34457 3322 12 , , , 34457 3322 13 picric picric JJ 34457 3322 14 acid acid NN 34457 3322 15 . . . 34457 3323 1 Curve curve NN 34457 3323 2 _ _ NNP 34457 3323 3 k__{1}K_{1 k__{1}k_{1 NN 34457 3323 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3323 5 | | NNP 34457 3323 6 -- -- : 34457 3323 7 | | NNP 34457 3323 8 " " '' 34457 3323 9 " " `` 34457 3323 10 Point Point NNP 34457 3323 11 K_{1 K_{1 NNP 34457 3323 12 } } -RRB- 34457 3323 13 | | NNP 34457 3323 14 9.32 9.32 NNP 34457 3323 15 ° ° , 34457 3323 16 | | NNP 34457 3323 17 Ethylene Ethylene NNP 34457 3323 18 bromide bromide NN 34457 3323 19 , , , 34457 3323 20 picric picric JJ 34457 3323 21 acid acid NN 34457 3323 22 , , , 34457 3323 23 and and CC 34457 3323 24 | | CD 34457 3323 25 | | CD 34457 3323 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3323 27 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 3323 28 picrate picrate NN 34457 3323 29 . . . 34457 3324 1 Curve curve NN 34457 3324 2 K_{1}D'K_{2 k_{1}d'k_{2 NN 34457 3324 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3324 4 | | NNP 34457 3324 5 -- -- : 34457 3324 6 | | NNP 34457 3324 7 Ethylene Ethylene NNP 34457 3324 8 bromide bromide NN 34457 3324 9 , , , 34457 3324 10 | | CD 34457 3324 11 | | CD 34457 3324 12 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3324 13 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 3324 14 picrate picrate NN 34457 3324 15 . . . 34457 3325 1 Point point NN 34457 3325 2 D D NNP 34457 3325 3 ' ' '' 34457 3325 4 | | CD 34457 3325 5 9.75 9.75â VBP 34457 3325 6 ° ° , 34457 3325 7 | | CD 34457 3325 8 " " '' 34457 3325 9 " " `` 34457 3325 10 " " '' 34457 3325 11 " " '' 34457 3325 12 Point Point NNP 34457 3325 13 K_{2 K_{2 NNP 34457 3325 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3325 15 | | NNP 34457 3325 16 8.89 8.89 NNP 34457 3325 17 ° ° , 34457 3325 18 | | NNP 34457 3325 19 " " '' 34457 3325 20 " " '' 34457 3325 21 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3325 22 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 3325 23 , , , 34457 3325 24 | | NNP 34457 3325 25 | | NNP 34457 3325 26 and and CC 34457 3325 27 picrate picrate NN 34457 3325 28 . . . 34457 3326 1 Curve curve NN 34457 3326 2 K_{2}_k__{2 K_{2}_k__{2 NNP 34457 3326 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3326 4 | | NNP 34457 3326 5 -- -- : 34457 3326 6 | | NNP 34457 3326 7 " " '' 34457 3326 8 " " '' 34457 3326 9 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3326 10 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 3326 11 . . . 34457 3327 1 Point Point NNP 34457 3327 2 _ _ NNP 34457 3327 3 k__{2 k__{2 NNP 34457 3327 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3327 5 | | NNP 34457 3327 6 9.04 9.04â RB 34457 3327 7 ° ° , 34457 3327 8 | | CD 34457 3327 9 " " '' 34457 3327 10 " " '' 34457 3327 11 " " '' 34457 3327 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3327 13 From from IN 34457 3327 14 what what WP 34457 3327 15 has have VBZ 34457 3327 16 been be VBN 34457 3327 17 said say VBN 34457 3327 18 , , , 34457 3327 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3327 20 will will MD 34457 3327 21 be be VB 34457 3327 22 apparent apparent JJ 34457 3327 23 that that IN 34457 3327 24 if if IN 34457 3327 25 the the DT 34457 3327 26 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3327 27 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3327 28 curve curve NN 34457 3327 29 of of IN 34457 3327 30 a a DT 34457 3327 31 three three CD 34457 3327 32 - - HYPH 34457 3327 33 component component NN 34457 3327 34 system system NN 34457 3327 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3327 36 in in IN 34457 3327 37 which which WDT 34457 3327 38 one one CD 34457 3327 39 of of IN 34457 3327 40 the the DT 34457 3327 41 components component NNS 34457 3327 42 is be VBZ 34457 3327 43 present present JJ 34457 3327 44 in in IN 34457 3327 45 constant constant JJ 34457 3327 46 amount amount NN 34457 3327 47 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3327 48 is be VBZ 34457 3327 49 determined determine VBN 34457 3327 50 , , , 34457 3327 51 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3327 52 will will MD 34457 3327 53 be be VB 34457 3327 54 possible possible JJ 34457 3327 55 to to IN 34457 3327 56 state state NN 34457 3327 57 , , , 34457 3327 58 from from IN 34457 3327 59 the the DT 34457 3327 60 form form NN 34457 3327 61 of of IN 34457 3327 62 curve curve NN 34457 3327 63 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3327 64 , , , 34457 3327 65 whether whether IN 34457 3327 66 or or CC 34457 3327 67 not not RB 34457 3327 68 the the DT 34457 3327 69 two two CD 34457 3327 70 components component NNS 34457 3327 71 present present JJ 34457 3327 72 in in IN 34457 3327 73 varying varying NN 34457 3327 74 amount amount NN 34457 3327 75 crystallize crystallize VBP 34457 3327 76 out out RP 34457 3327 77 pure pure JJ 34457 3327 78 or or CC 34457 3327 79 combine combine VB 34457 3327 80 with with IN 34457 3327 81 one one NN 34457 3327 82 another another DT 34457 3327 83 to to TO 34457 3327 84 form form VB 34457 3327 85 a a DT 34457 3327 86 compound compound NN 34457 3327 87 . . . 34457 3328 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3328 2 may may MD 34457 3328 3 be be VB 34457 3328 4 left leave VBN 34457 3328 5 to to IN 34457 3328 6 the the DT 34457 3328 7 reader reader NN 34457 3328 8 to to TO 34457 3328 9 work work VB 34457 3328 10 out out RP 34457 3328 11 the the DT 34457 3328 12 curves curve NNS 34457 3328 13 for for IN 34457 3328 14 the the DT 34457 3328 15 other other JJ 34457 3328 16 possible possible JJ 34457 3328 17 systems system NNS 34457 3328 18 ; ; : 34457 3328 19 but but CC 34457 3328 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3328 21 will will MD 34457 3328 22 be be VB 34457 3328 23 apparent apparent JJ 34457 3328 24 , , , 34457 3328 25 that that IN 34457 3328 26 the the DT 34457 3328 27 projections projection NNS 34457 3328 28 of of IN 34457 3328 29 the the DT 34457 3328 30 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3328 31 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3328 32 curves curve NNS 34457 3328 33 in in IN 34457 3328 34 the the DT 34457 3328 35 manner manner NN 34457 3328 36 given give VBN 34457 3328 37 will will MD 34457 3328 38 yield yield VB 34457 3328 39 a a DT 34457 3328 40 series series NN 34457 3328 41 of of IN 34457 3328 42 curves curve NNS 34457 3328 43 alike alike RB 34457 3328 44 in in IN 34457 3328 45 all all DT 34457 3328 46 points point NNS 34457 3328 47 to to IN 34457 3328 48 the the DT 34457 3328 49 binary binary JJ 34457 3328 50 curves curve NNS 34457 3328 51 given give VBN 34457 3328 52 in in IN 34457 3328 53 Figs Figs NNP 34457 3328 54 . . . 34457 3329 1 63 63 CD 34457 3329 2 - - SYM 34457 3329 3 65 65 CD 34457 3329 4 , , , 34457 3329 5 pp pp NNP 34457 3329 6 . . . 34457 3330 1 208 208 CD 34457 3330 2 - - SYM 34457 3330 3 210 210 CD 34457 3330 4 . . . 34457 3331 1 Since since IN 34457 3331 2 , , , 34457 3331 3 from from IN 34457 3331 4 the the DT 34457 3331 5 method method NN 34457 3331 6 of of IN 34457 3331 7 investigation investigation NN 34457 3331 8 , , , 34457 3331 9 the the DT 34457 3331 10 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3331 11 of of IN 34457 3331 12 the the DT 34457 3331 13 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3331 14 curves curve NNS 34457 3331 15 will will MD 34457 3331 16 depend depend VB 34457 3331 17 on on IN 34457 3331 18 the the DT 34457 3331 19 melting melting NN 34457 3331 20 point point NN 34457 3331 21 of of IN 34457 3331 22 the the DT 34457 3331 23 third third JJ 34457 3331 24 component component NN 34457 3331 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3331 26 A a NN 34457 3331 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3331 28 , , , 34457 3331 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3331 30 is be VBZ 34457 3331 31 possible possible JJ 34457 3331 32 , , , 34457 3331 33 by by IN 34457 3331 34 employing employ VBG 34457 3331 35 substances substance NNS 34457 3331 36 with with IN 34457 3331 37 widely widely RB 34457 3331 38 differing differ VBG 34457 3331 39 melting melt VBG 34457 3331 40 points point NNS 34457 3331 41 , , , 34457 3331 42 to to TO 34457 3331 43 investigate investigate VB 34457 3331 44 the the DT 34457 3331 45 interaction interaction NN 34457 3331 46 of of IN 34457 3331 47 the the DT 34457 3331 48 two two CD 34457 3331 49 components component NNS 34457 3331 50 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3331 51 _ _ NNP 34457 3331 52 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3331 53 _ _ NNP 34457 3331 54 two two CD 34457 3331 55 optical optical JJ 34457 3331 56 antipodes antipode NNS 34457 3331 57 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3331 58 B b NN 34457 3331 59 and and CC 34457 3331 60 C C NNP 34457 3331 61 over over IN 34457 3331 62 a a DT 34457 3331 63 range range NN 34457 3331 64 of of IN 34457 3331 65 temperature temperature NN 34457 3331 66 ; ; , 34457 3331 67 and and CC 34457 3331 68 thus thus RB 34457 3331 69 determine determine VB 34457 3331 70 the the DT 34457 3331 71 range range NN 34457 3331 72 of of IN 34457 3331 73 stability stability NN 34457 3331 74 of of IN 34457 3331 75 the the DT 34457 3331 76 compound compound NN 34457 3331 77 , , , 34457 3331 78 if if IN 34457 3331 79 one one CD 34457 3331 80 is be VBZ 34457 3331 81 formed form VBN 34457 3331 82 . . . 34457 3332 1 Since since IN 34457 3332 2 , , , 34457 3332 3 in in IN 34457 3332 4 some some DT 34457 3332 5 cases case NNS 34457 3332 6 , , , 34457 3332 7 two two CD 34457 3332 8 substances substance NNS 34457 3332 9 which which WDT 34457 3332 10 at at IN 34457 3332 11 one one CD 34457 3332 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3332 13 form form NN 34457 3332 14 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3332 15 crystals crystal NNS 34457 3332 16 combine combine VBP 34457 3332 17 at at IN 34457 3332 18 another another DT 34457 3332 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 3332 20 to to TO 34457 3332 21 form form VB 34457 3332 22 a a DT 34457 3332 23 definite definite JJ 34457 3332 24 compound compound NN 34457 3332 25 , , , 34457 3332 26 the the DT 34457 3332 27 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3332 28 which which WDT 34457 3332 29 have have VBP 34457 3332 30 just just RB 34457 3332 31 been be VBN 34457 3332 32 described describe VBN 34457 3332 33 can can MD 34457 3332 34 be be VB 34457 3332 35 employed employ VBN 34457 3332 36 , , , 34457 3332 37 and and CC 34457 3332 38 indeed indeed RB 34457 3332 39 , , , 34457 3332 40 have have VBP 34457 3332 41 been be VBN 34457 3332 42 employed employ VBN 34457 3332 43 , , , 34457 3332 44 to to TO 34457 3332 45 determine determine VB 34457 3332 46 the the DT 34457 3332 47 temperature temperature NN 34457 3332 48 at at IN 34457 3332 49 which which WDT 34457 3332 50 this this DT 34457 3332 51 change change NN 34457 3332 52 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3332 53 . . . 34457 3333 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3333 2 334 334 CD 34457 3333 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3333 4 By by IN 34457 3333 5 means mean NNS 34457 3333 6 of of IN 34457 3333 7 this this DT 34457 3333 8 method method NN 34457 3333 9 , , , 34457 3333 10 Adriani Adriani NNP 34457 3333 11 found find VBD 34457 3333 12 that that IN 34457 3333 13 below below IN 34457 3333 14 103 103â CD 34457 3333 15 ° ° NNS 34457 3333 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3333 17 i_-camphoroxime i_-camphoroxime NNP 34457 3333 18 exists exist VBZ 34457 3333 19 as as IN 34457 3333 20 a a DT 34457 3333 21 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3333 22 compound compound NN 34457 3333 23 , , , 34457 3333 24 while while IN 34457 3333 25 above above RB 34457 3333 26 { { -LRB- 34457 3333 27 258 258 CD 34457 3333 28 } } -RRB- 34457 3333 29 that that WDT 34457 3333 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 3333 31 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3333 32 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3333 33 as as IN 34457 3333 34 a a DT 34457 3333 35 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3333 36 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3333 37 crystal[335 crystal[335 NN 34457 3333 38 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3333 39 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3333 40 _ _ NNP 34457 3333 41 cf cf NNP 34457 3333 42 . . . 34457 3333 43 _ _ NNP 34457 3333 44 p. p. NN 34457 3333 45 219 219 CD 34457 3333 46 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3333 47 . . . 34457 3334 1 B. B. NNP 34457 3334 2 Equilibria Equilibria NNP 34457 3334 3 at at IN 34457 3334 4 Higher high JJR 34457 3334 5 Temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3334 6 . . . 34457 3335 1 Formation formation NN 34457 3335 2 of of IN 34457 3335 3 Double Double NNP 34457 3335 4 Salts.--After salts.--after NN 34457 3335 5 having have VBG 34457 3335 6 studied study VBN 34457 3335 7 the the DT 34457 3335 8 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3335 9 which which WDT 34457 3335 10 are be VBP 34457 3335 11 found find VBN 34457 3335 12 in in IN 34457 3335 13 the the DT 34457 3335 14 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 3335 15 of of IN 34457 3335 16 the the DT 34457 3335 17 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3335 18 points point NNS 34457 3335 19 of of IN 34457 3335 20 the the DT 34457 3335 21 components component NNS 34457 3335 22 , , , 34457 3335 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3335 24 now now RB 34457 3335 25 pass pass VBP 34457 3335 26 to to IN 34457 3335 27 the the DT 34457 3335 28 discussion discussion NN 34457 3335 29 of of IN 34457 3335 30 the the DT 34457 3335 31 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3335 32 which which WDT 34457 3335 33 are be VBP 34457 3335 34 met meet VBN 34457 3335 35 with with IN 34457 3335 36 at at IN 34457 3335 37 higher high JJR 34457 3335 38 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3335 39 . . . 34457 3336 1 In in IN 34457 3336 2 this this DT 34457 3336 3 connection connection NN 34457 3336 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3336 5 shall shall MD 34457 3336 6 confine confine VB 34457 3336 7 the the DT 34457 3336 8 discussion discussion NN 34457 3336 9 entirely entirely RB 34457 3336 10 to to IN 34457 3336 11 the the DT 34457 3336 12 systems system NNS 34457 3336 13 formed form VBN 34457 3336 14 of of IN 34457 3336 15 two two CD 34457 3336 16 salts salt NNS 34457 3336 17 and and CC 34457 3336 18 water water NN 34457 3336 19 , , , 34457 3336 20 dealing deal VBG 34457 3336 21 more more RBR 34457 3336 22 particularly particularly RB 34457 3336 23 with with IN 34457 3336 24 those those DT 34457 3336 25 cases case NNS 34457 3336 26 in in IN 34457 3336 27 which which WDT 34457 3336 28 the the DT 34457 3336 29 water water NN 34457 3336 30 is be VBZ 34457 3336 31 present present JJ 34457 3336 32 in in IN 34457 3336 33 relatively relatively RB 34457 3336 34 large large JJ 34457 3336 35 amount amount NN 34457 3336 36 and and CC 34457 3336 37 acts act NNS 34457 3336 38 as as IN 34457 3336 39 solvent solvent NN 34457 3336 40 . . . 34457 3337 1 Further further RB 34457 3337 2 , , , 34457 3337 3 in in IN 34457 3337 4 studying study VBG 34457 3337 5 these these DT 34457 3337 6 systems system NNS 34457 3337 7 , , , 34457 3337 8 one one CD 34457 3337 9 restriction restriction NN 34457 3337 10 must must MD 34457 3337 11 be be VB 34457 3337 12 made make VBN 34457 3337 13 , , , 34457 3337 14 viz viz NN 34457 3337 15 . . . 34457 3338 1 that that IN 34457 3338 2 the the DT 34457 3338 3 single single JJ 34457 3338 4 salts salt NNS 34457 3338 5 are be VBP 34457 3338 6 salts salt NNS 34457 3338 7 either either DT 34457 3338 8 of of IN 34457 3338 9 the the DT 34457 3338 10 same same JJ 34457 3338 11 base base NN 34457 3338 12 or or CC 34457 3338 13 of of IN 34457 3338 14 the the DT 34457 3338 15 same same JJ 34457 3338 16 acid acid NN 34457 3338 17 ; ; : 34457 3338 18 or or CC 34457 3338 19 are be VBP 34457 3338 20 , , , 34457 3338 21 in in IN 34457 3338 22 other other JJ 34457 3338 23 words word NNS 34457 3338 24 , , , 34457 3338 25 capable capable JJ 34457 3338 26 of of IN 34457 3338 27 yielding yield VBG 34457 3338 28 a a DT 34457 3338 29 common common JJ 34457 3338 30 ion ion NN 34457 3338 31 in in IN 34457 3338 32 solution solution NN 34457 3338 33 . . . 34457 3339 1 Such such PDT 34457 3339 2 a a DT 34457 3339 3 restriction restriction NN 34457 3339 4 is be VBZ 34457 3339 5 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3339 6 , , , 34457 3339 7 because because IN 34457 3339 8 otherwise otherwise RB 34457 3339 9 the the DT 34457 3339 10 system system NN 34457 3339 11 would would MD 34457 3339 12 be be VB 34457 3339 13 one one CD 34457 3339 14 not not RB 34457 3339 15 of of IN 34457 3339 16 three three CD 34457 3339 17 but but CC 34457 3339 18 of of IN 34457 3339 19 four four CD 34457 3339 20 components component NNS 34457 3339 21 . . . 34457 3340 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3340 2 336 336 CD 34457 3340 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3340 4 Transition Transition NNP 34457 3340 5 Point.--As Point.--As NNP 34457 3340 6 is be VBZ 34457 3340 7 very very RB 34457 3340 8 well well RB 34457 3340 9 known known JJ 34457 3340 10 , , , 34457 3340 11 there there EX 34457 3340 12 exist exist VBP 34457 3340 13 a a DT 34457 3340 14 number number NN 34457 3340 15 of of IN 34457 3340 16 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 3340 17 salts salt NNS 34457 3340 18 which which WDT 34457 3340 19 , , , 34457 3340 20 on on IN 34457 3340 21 being be VBG 34457 3340 22 heated heat VBN 34457 3340 23 , , , 34457 3340 24 undergo undergo VBP 34457 3340 25 apparent apparent JJ 34457 3340 26 partial partial JJ 34457 3340 27 fusion fusion NN 34457 3340 28 ; ; : 34457 3340 29 and and CC 34457 3340 30 in in IN 34457 3340 31 Chapter Chapter NNP 34457 3340 32 V. V. NNP 34457 3340 33 the the DT 34457 3340 34 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3340 35 of of IN 34457 3340 36 such such JJ 34457 3340 37 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 3340 38 was be VBD 34457 3340 39 more more RBR 34457 3340 40 fully fully RB 34457 3340 41 studied study VBN 34457 3340 42 in in IN 34457 3340 43 the the DT 34457 3340 44 light light NN 34457 3340 45 of of IN 34457 3340 46 the the DT 34457 3340 47 Phase Phase NNP 34457 3340 48 Rule Rule NNP 34457 3340 49 . . . 34457 3341 1 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3341 2 's 's POS 34457 3341 3 salt salt NN 34457 3341 4 , , , 34457 3341 5 or or CC 34457 3341 6 sodium sodium NN 34457 3341 7 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3341 8 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 3341 9 , , , 34457 3341 10 for for IN 34457 3341 11 example example NN 34457 3341 12 , , , 34457 3341 13 on on IN 34457 3341 14 being be VBG 34457 3341 15 heated heat VBN 34457 3341 16 to to IN 34457 3341 17 a a DT 34457 3341 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3341 19 of of IN 34457 3341 20 about about RB 34457 3341 21 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 3341 22 ° ° NNS 34457 3341 23 , , , 34457 3341 24 partially partially RB 34457 3341 25 liquefies liquefie NNS 34457 3341 26 , , , 34457 3341 27 owing owe VBG 34457 3341 28 to to IN 34457 3341 29 the the DT 34457 3341 30 fact fact NN 34457 3341 31 that that IN 34457 3341 32 the the DT 34457 3341 33 water water NN 34457 3341 34 of of IN 34457 3341 35 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3341 36 is be VBZ 34457 3341 37 split split VBN 34457 3341 38 off off RP 34457 3341 39 and and CC 34457 3341 40 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3341 41 sodium sodium NN 34457 3341 42 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3341 43 formed form VBN 34457 3341 44 , , , 34457 3341 45 as as IN 34457 3341 46 shown show VBN 34457 3341 47 by by IN 34457 3341 48 the the DT 34457 3341 49 equation-- equation-- NNP 34457 3341 50 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3341 51 = = SYM 34457 3341 52 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 3341 53 } } -RRB- 34457 3341 54 + + CC 34457 3341 55 10H_{2}O 10h_{2}o NN 34457 3341 56 The the DT 34457 3341 57 temperature temperature NN 34457 3341 58 of of IN 34457 3341 59 32.5 32.5â CD 34457 3341 60 ° ° NNS 34457 3341 61 , , , 34457 3341 62 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3341 63 was be VBD 34457 3341 64 learned learn VBN 34457 3341 65 , , , 34457 3341 66 constituted constitute VBD 34457 3341 67 a a DT 34457 3341 68 _ _ NNP 34457 3341 69 transition transition NN 34457 3341 70 point point NN 34457 3341 71 _ _ NNP 34457 3341 72 for for IN 34457 3341 73 the the DT 34457 3341 74 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 3341 75 and and CC 34457 3341 76 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3341 77 salt salt NN 34457 3341 78 plus plus CC 34457 3341 79 water water NN 34457 3341 80 ; ; : 34457 3341 81 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3341 82 of of IN 34457 3341 83 the the DT 34457 3341 84 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 3341 85 salt salt NN 34457 3341 86 occurring occur VBG 34457 3341 87 above above IN 34457 3341 88 this this DT 34457 3341 89 temperature temperature NN 34457 3341 90 , , , 34457 3341 91 combination combination NN 34457 3341 92 of of IN 34457 3341 93 the the DT 34457 3341 94 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3341 95 salt salt NN 34457 3341 96 and and CC 34457 3341 97 water water NN 34457 3341 98 below below IN 34457 3341 99 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3341 100 . . . 34457 3342 1 Analogous analogous JJ 34457 3342 2 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 3342 3 are be VBP 34457 3342 4 met meet VBN 34457 3342 5 with with IN 34457 3342 6 in in IN 34457 3342 7 systems system NNS 34457 3342 8 constituted constitute VBN 34457 3342 9 of of IN 34457 3342 10 two two CD 34457 3342 11 salts salt NNS 34457 3342 12 and and CC 34457 3342 13 water water NN 34457 3342 14 in in IN 34457 3342 15 which which WDT 34457 3342 16 the the DT 34457 3342 17 formation formation NN 34457 3342 18 of of IN 34457 3342 19 double double JJ 34457 3342 20 salts salt NNS 34457 3342 21 can can MD 34457 3342 22 take take VB 34457 3342 23 place place NN 34457 3342 24 . . . 34457 3343 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3343 2 , , , 34457 3343 3 for for IN 34457 3343 4 example example NN 34457 3343 5 , , , 34457 3343 6 if if IN 34457 3343 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3343 8 d_-sodium d_-sodium NNP 34457 3343 9 potassium potassium NN 34457 3343 10 { { -LRB- 34457 3343 11 259 259 CD 34457 3343 12 } } -RRB- 34457 3343 13 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 3343 14 is be VBZ 34457 3343 15 heated heat VBN 34457 3343 16 to to IN 34457 3343 17 above above IN 34457 3343 18 55 55 NNP 34457 3343 19 ° ° NNS 34457 3343 20 , , , 34457 3343 21 apparent apparent JJ 34457 3343 22 partial partial JJ 34457 3343 23 fusion fusion NN 34457 3343 24 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3343 25 , , , 34457 3343 26 and and CC 34457 3343 27 the the DT 34457 3343 28 two two CD 34457 3343 29 single single JJ 34457 3343 30 salts salt NNS 34457 3343 31 , , , 34457 3343 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3343 33 d_-sodium d_-sodium NNP 34457 3343 34 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 3343 35 and and CC 34457 3343 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3343 37 d_-potassium d_-potassium NNP 34457 3343 38 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 3343 39 , , , 34457 3343 40 are be VBP 34457 3343 41 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3343 42 , , , 34457 3343 43 the the DT 34457 3343 44 change change NN 34457 3343 45 which which WDT 34457 3343 46 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3343 47 being be VBG 34457 3343 48 represented represent VBN 34457 3343 49 by by IN 34457 3343 50 the the DT 34457 3343 51 equation-- equation-- NNP 34457 3343 52 4NaKC_{4}O_{6}H_{4},4H_{2}O 4nakc_{4}o_{6}h_{4},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3343 53 = = SYM 34457 3343 54 2Na_{2}C_{4}O_{6}H_{4},2H_{2}O 2na_{2}c_{4}o_{6}h_{4},2h_{2}o CD 34457 3343 55 + + CC 34457 3343 56 2K_{2}C_{4}O_{6}H_{4},½H_{2}O 2k_{2}c_{4}o_{6}h_{4},â½h_{2}o CD 34457 3343 57 + + SYM 34457 3343 58 11H_{2}O 11H_{2}O NNS 34457 3343 59 On on IN 34457 3343 60 the the DT 34457 3343 61 other other JJ 34457 3343 62 hand hand NN 34457 3343 63 , , , 34457 3343 64 if if IN 34457 3343 65 sodium sodium NN 34457 3343 66 and and CC 34457 3343 67 potassium potassium NN 34457 3343 68 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3343 69 are be VBP 34457 3343 70 mixed mix VBN 34457 3343 71 with with IN 34457 3343 72 water water NN 34457 3343 73 in in IN 34457 3343 74 the the DT 34457 3343 75 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3343 76 shown show VBN 34457 3343 77 on on IN 34457 3343 78 the the DT 34457 3343 79 right right JJ 34457 3343 80 side side NN 34457 3343 81 of of IN 34457 3343 82 the the DT 34457 3343 83 equation equation NN 34457 3343 84 , , , 34457 3343 85 the the DT 34457 3343 86 system system NN 34457 3343 87 will will MD 34457 3343 88 remain remain VB 34457 3343 89 partially partially RB 34457 3343 90 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3343 91 so so RB 34457 3343 92 long long RB 34457 3343 93 as as IN 34457 3343 94 the the DT 34457 3343 95 temperature temperature NN 34457 3343 96 is be VBZ 34457 3343 97 maintained maintain VBN 34457 3343 98 above above IN 34457 3343 99 55 55 NNP 34457 3343 100 ° ° , 34457 3343 101 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3343 102 in in IN 34457 3343 103 a a DT 34457 3343 104 closed close VBN 34457 3343 105 vessel vessel NN 34457 3343 106 to to TO 34457 3343 107 prevent prevent VB 34457 3343 108 loss loss NN 34457 3343 109 of of IN 34457 3343 110 water water NN 34457 3343 111 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3343 112 , , , 34457 3343 113 but but CC 34457 3343 114 on on IN 34457 3343 115 allowing allow VBG 34457 3343 116 the the DT 34457 3343 117 temperature temperature NN 34457 3343 118 to to TO 34457 3343 119 fall fall VB 34457 3343 120 below below IN 34457 3343 121 this this DT 34457 3343 122 point point NN 34457 3343 123 , , , 34457 3343 124 complete complete JJ 34457 3343 125 solidification solidification NN 34457 3343 126 will will MD 34457 3343 127 ensue ensue VB 34457 3343 128 , , , 34457 3343 129 owing owe VBG 34457 3343 130 to to IN 34457 3343 131 the the DT 34457 3343 132 formation formation NN 34457 3343 133 of of IN 34457 3343 134 the the DT 34457 3343 135 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 3343 136 double double JJ 34457 3343 137 salt salt NN 34457 3343 138 . . . 34457 3344 1 Below below IN 34457 3344 2 55 55 NNP 34457 3344 3 ° ° NNS 34457 3344 4 , , , 34457 3344 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3344 6 , , , 34457 3344 7 the the DT 34457 3344 8 hydrated hydrate VBN 34457 3344 9 double double JJ 34457 3344 10 salt salt NN 34457 3344 11 is be VBZ 34457 3344 12 the the DT 34457 3344 13 stable stable JJ 34457 3344 14 system system NN 34457 3344 15 , , , 34457 3344 16 while while IN 34457 3344 17 above above IN 34457 3344 18 this this DT 34457 3344 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 3344 20 the the DT 34457 3344 21 two two CD 34457 3344 22 single single JJ 34457 3344 23 salts salt NNS 34457 3344 24 plus plus CC 34457 3344 25 saturated saturated JJ 34457 3344 26 solution solution NN 34457 3344 27 are be VBP 34457 3344 28 stable stable JJ 34457 3344 29 . . . 34457 3345 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3345 2 337 337 CD 34457 3345 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3345 4 A a DT 34457 3345 5 similar similar JJ 34457 3345 6 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3345 7 is be VBZ 34457 3345 8 found find VBN 34457 3345 9 in in IN 34457 3345 10 the the DT 34457 3345 11 case case NN 34457 3345 12 of of IN 34457 3345 13 the the DT 34457 3345 14 double double JJ 34457 3345 15 salt salt NN 34457 3345 16 copper copper NN 34457 3345 17 dipotassium dipotassium NN 34457 3345 18 chloride chloride NN 34457 3345 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3345 20 CuCl_{2},2KCl,2H_{2}O cucl_{2},2kcl,2h_{2}o CD 34457 3345 21 or or CC 34457 3345 22 CuK_{2}Cl_{4},2H_{2}O cuk_{2}cl_{4},2h_{2}o JJ 34457 3345 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3345 24 . . . 34457 3346 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3346 2 338 338 CD 34457 3346 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3346 4 When when WRB 34457 3346 5 this this DT 34457 3346 6 salt salt NN 34457 3346 7 is be VBZ 34457 3346 8 heated heat VBN 34457 3346 9 to to IN 34457 3346 10 92 92â CD 34457 3346 11 ° ° NNS 34457 3346 12 , , , 34457 3346 13 partial partial JJ 34457 3346 14 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 3346 15 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3346 16 , , , 34457 3346 17 and and CC 34457 3346 18 the the DT 34457 3346 19 original original JJ 34457 3346 20 blue blue JJ 34457 3346 21 plate plate NN 34457 3346 22 - - HYPH 34457 3346 23 shaped shape VBN 34457 3346 24 crystals crystal NNS 34457 3346 25 give give VBP 34457 3346 26 place place NN 34457 3346 27 to to TO 34457 3346 28 brown brown JJ 34457 3346 29 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 3346 30 needles needle NNS 34457 3346 31 and and CC 34457 3346 32 white white JJ 34457 3346 33 cubes cube NNS 34457 3346 34 ; ; : 34457 3346 35 while while IN 34457 3346 36 on on IN 34457 3346 37 allowing allow VBG 34457 3346 38 the the DT 34457 3346 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 3346 40 to to TO 34457 3346 41 fall fall VB 34457 3346 42 , , , 34457 3346 43 re re NN 34457 3346 44 - - NN 34457 3346 45 formation formation NN 34457 3346 46 of of IN 34457 3346 47 the the DT 34457 3346 48 blue blue JJ 34457 3346 49 double double JJ 34457 3346 50 salt salt NN 34457 3346 51 ensues ensue NNS 34457 3346 52 . . . 34457 3347 1 The the DT 34457 3347 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 3347 3 92 92 NNP 34457 3347 4 ° ° , 34457 3347 5 is be VBZ 34457 3347 6 , , , 34457 3347 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 3347 8 , , , 34457 3347 9 a a DT 34457 3347 10 transition transition NN 34457 3347 11 point point NN 34457 3347 12 at at IN 34457 3347 13 which which WDT 34457 3347 14 the the DT 34457 3347 15 reversible reversible JJ 34457 3347 16 reaction-- reaction-- NNP 34457 3347 17 CuK_{2}Cl_{4},2H_{2}O cuk_{2}cl_{4},2h_{2}o NN 34457 3347 18 < < XX 34457 3347 19 -- -- : 34457 3347 20 > > XX 34457 3347 21 CuKCl_{3 cukcl_{3 NN 34457 3347 22 } } -RRB- 34457 3347 23 + + CC 34457 3347 24 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3347 25 + + SYM 34457 3347 26 2H_{2}O 2h_{2}o CD 34457 3347 27 takes take VBZ 34457 3347 28 place place NN 34457 3347 29 . . . 34457 3348 1 The the DT 34457 3348 2 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3348 3 of of IN 34457 3348 4 sodium sodium NN 34457 3348 5 potassium potassium NN 34457 3348 6 tartrate tartrate NN 34457 3348 7 , , , 34457 3348 8 or or CC 34457 3348 9 of of IN 34457 3348 10 copper copper NN 34457 3348 11 dipotassium dipotassium NN 34457 3348 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 3348 13 , , , 34457 3348 14 differs differ VBZ 34457 3348 15 in in IN 34457 3348 16 so so RB 34457 3348 17 far far RB 34457 3348 18 from from IN 34457 3348 19 that that DT 34457 3348 20 of of IN 34457 3348 21 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3348 22 's 's POS 34457 3348 23 salt salt NN 34457 3348 24 that that WDT 34457 3348 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3348 26 two two CD 34457 3348 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3348 28 new new JJ 34457 3348 29 solid solid JJ 34457 3348 30 phases phase NNS 34457 3348 31 are be VBP 34457 3348 32 formed form VBN 34457 3348 33 ; ; : 34457 3348 34 and and CC 34457 3348 35 in in IN 34457 3348 36 the the DT 34457 3348 37 case case NN 34457 3348 38 of of IN 34457 3348 39 copper copper NN 34457 3348 40 dipotassium dipotassium NN 34457 3348 41 chloride chloride NN 34457 3348 42 , , , 34457 3348 43 one one CD 34457 3348 44 of of IN 34457 3348 45 the the DT 34457 3348 46 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3348 47 products product NNS 34457 3348 48 is be VBZ 34457 3348 49 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 3348 50 a a DT 34457 3348 51 double double JJ 34457 3348 52 salt salt NN 34457 3348 53 . . . 34457 3349 1 In in IN 34457 3349 2 the the DT 34457 3349 3 two two CD 34457 3349 4 examples example NNS 34457 3349 5 of of IN 34457 3349 6 double double JJ 34457 3349 7 salt salt NN 34457 3349 8 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3349 9 which which WDT 34457 3349 10 have have VBP 34457 3349 11 just just RB 34457 3349 12 been be VBN 34457 3349 13 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3349 14 , , , 34457 3349 15 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 3349 16 water water NN 34457 3349 17 was be VBD 34457 3349 18 yielded yield VBN 34457 3349 19 to to TO 34457 3349 20 cause cause VB 34457 3349 21 a a DT 34457 3349 22 partial partial JJ 34457 3349 23 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 3349 24 ; ; : 34457 3349 25 but but CC 34457 3349 26 other other JJ 34457 3349 27 cases case NNS 34457 3349 28 are be VBP 34457 3349 29 known know VBN 34457 3349 30 where where WRB 34457 3349 31 this this DT 34457 3349 32 is be VBZ 34457 3349 33 not not RB 34457 3349 34 so so RB 34457 3349 35 . . . 34457 3350 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3350 2 , , , 34457 3350 3 when when WRB 34457 3350 4 copper copper NN 34457 3350 5 calcium calcium NN 34457 3350 6 acetate acetate NNP 34457 3350 7 is be VBZ 34457 3350 8 heated heated JJ 34457 3350 9 to to IN 34457 3350 10 a a DT 34457 3350 11 { { -LRB- 34457 3350 12 260 260 CD 34457 3350 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3350 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 3350 15 of of IN 34457 3350 16 75 75â CD 34457 3350 17 ° ° NNS 34457 3350 18 , , , 34457 3350 19 although although IN 34457 3350 20 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3350 21 of of IN 34457 3350 22 the the DT 34457 3350 23 double double JJ 34457 3350 24 salt salt NN 34457 3350 25 into into IN 34457 3350 26 the the DT 34457 3350 27 two two CD 34457 3350 28 single single JJ 34457 3350 29 salts salt NNS 34457 3350 30 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3350 31 as as IN 34457 3350 32 represented represent VBN 34457 3350 33 by by IN 34457 3350 34 the the DT 34457 3350 35 equation[339]-- equation[339]-- NN 34457 3350 36 CuCa(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{4},8H_{2}O CuCa(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{4},8H_{2}O . 34457 3350 37 = = NFP 34457 3350 38 Cu(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{2},H_{2}O cu(c_{2}h_{3}o_{2})_{2},h_{2}o JJ 34457 3350 39 + + CC 34457 3350 40 Ca(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{2},H_{2}O ca(c_{2}h_{3}o_{2})_{2},h_{2}o JJ 34457 3350 41 + + SYM 34457 3350 42 6H_{2}O 6h_{2}o CD 34457 3350 43 the the DT 34457 3350 44 amount amount NN 34457 3350 45 of of IN 34457 3350 46 water water NN 34457 3350 47 split split VBN 34457 3350 48 off off RP 34457 3350 49 is be VBZ 34457 3350 50 insufficient insufficient JJ 34457 3350 51 to to TO 34457 3350 52 give give VB 34457 3350 53 the the DT 34457 3350 54 appearance appearance NN 34457 3350 55 of of IN 34457 3350 56 partial partial JJ 34457 3350 57 fusion fusion NN 34457 3350 58 , , , 34457 3350 59 and and CC 34457 3350 60 , , , 34457 3350 61 therefore therefore RB 34457 3350 62 , , , 34457 3350 63 only only RB 34457 3350 64 a a DT 34457 3350 65 change change NN 34457 3350 66 in in IN 34457 3350 67 the the DT 34457 3350 68 crystals crystal NNS 34457 3350 69 is be VBZ 34457 3350 70 observed observe VBN 34457 3350 71 . . . 34457 3351 1 The the DT 34457 3351 2 preceding precede VBG 34457 3351 3 examples example NNS 34457 3351 4 , , , 34457 3351 5 in in IN 34457 3351 6 which which WDT 34457 3351 7 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3351 8 of of IN 34457 3351 9 the the DT 34457 3351 10 double double JJ 34457 3351 11 salt salt NN 34457 3351 12 was be VBD 34457 3351 13 effected effect VBN 34457 3351 14 by by IN 34457 3351 15 a a DT 34457 3351 16 rise rise NN 34457 3351 17 of of IN 34457 3351 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3351 19 , , , 34457 3351 20 were be VBD 34457 3351 21 chosen choose VBN 34457 3351 22 for for IN 34457 3351 23 first first JJ 34457 3351 24 consideration consideration NN 34457 3351 25 as as IN 34457 3351 26 being be VBG 34457 3351 27 more more RBR 34457 3351 28 analogous analogous JJ 34457 3351 29 to to IN 34457 3351 30 the the DT 34457 3351 31 case case NN 34457 3351 32 of of IN 34457 3351 33 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3351 34 's 's POS 34457 3351 35 salt salt NN 34457 3351 36 ; ; : 34457 3351 37 but but CC 34457 3351 38 not not RB 34457 3351 39 a a DT 34457 3351 40 few few JJ 34457 3351 41 examples example NNS 34457 3351 42 are be VBP 34457 3351 43 known know VBN 34457 3351 44 where where WRB 34457 3351 45 the the DT 34457 3351 46 reverse reverse JJ 34457 3351 47 change change NN 34457 3351 48 takes take VBZ 34457 3351 49 place place NN 34457 3351 50 , , , 34457 3351 51 formation formation NN 34457 3351 52 of of IN 34457 3351 53 the the DT 34457 3351 54 double double JJ 34457 3351 55 salt salt NN 34457 3351 56 occurring occur VBG 34457 3351 57 _ _ NNP 34457 3351 58 above above IN 34457 3351 59 _ _ NNP 34457 3351 60 the the DT 34457 3351 61 transition transition NN 34457 3351 62 point point NN 34457 3351 63 , , , 34457 3351 64 and and CC 34457 3351 65 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3351 66 into into IN 34457 3351 67 the the DT 34457 3351 68 constituent constituent NN 34457 3351 69 salts salt NNS 34457 3351 70 below below IN 34457 3351 71 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3351 72 . . . 34457 3352 1 Instances instance NNS 34457 3352 2 of of IN 34457 3352 3 this this DT 34457 3352 4 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3352 5 are be VBP 34457 3352 6 found find VBN 34457 3352 7 in in IN 34457 3352 8 the the DT 34457 3352 9 case case NN 34457 3352 10 of of IN 34457 3352 11 the the DT 34457 3352 12 formation formation NN 34457 3352 13 of of IN 34457 3352 14 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3352 15 from from IN 34457 3352 16 sodium sodium NN 34457 3352 17 and and CC 34457 3352 18 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3352 19 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 3352 20 , , , 34457 3352 21 and and CC 34457 3352 22 of of IN 34457 3352 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 3352 24 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3352 25 racemate racemate NN 34457 3352 26 from from IN 34457 3352 27 the the DT 34457 3352 28 two two CD 34457 3352 29 sodium sodium NN 34457 3352 30 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3352 31 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3352 32 , , , 34457 3352 33 to to TO 34457 3352 34 which which WDT 34457 3352 35 reference reference NN 34457 3352 36 will will MD 34457 3352 37 be be VB 34457 3352 38 made make VBN 34457 3352 39 later later RBR 34457 3352 40 . . . 34457 3353 1 Between between IN 34457 3353 2 these these DT 34457 3353 3 various various JJ 34457 3353 4 systems system NNS 34457 3353 5 , , , 34457 3353 6 however however RB 34457 3353 7 , , , 34457 3353 8 there there EX 34457 3353 9 is be VBZ 34457 3353 10 no no DT 34457 3353 11 essential essential JJ 34457 3353 12 difference difference NN 34457 3353 13 ; ; : 34457 3353 14 and and CC 34457 3353 15 whether whether IN 34457 3353 16 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3353 17 or or CC 34457 3353 18 formation formation NN 34457 3353 19 of of IN 34457 3353 20 the the DT 34457 3353 21 double double JJ 34457 3353 22 salt salt NN 34457 3353 23 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3353 24 at at IN 34457 3353 25 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3353 26 above above IN 34457 3353 27 the the DT 34457 3353 28 transition transition NN 34457 3353 29 point point NN 34457 3353 30 , , , 34457 3353 31 will will MD 34457 3353 32 of of IN 34457 3353 33 course course NN 34457 3353 34 depend depend VB 34457 3353 35 on on IN 34457 3353 36 the the DT 34457 3353 37 heat heat NN 34457 3353 38 of of IN 34457 3353 39 change change NN 34457 3353 40 at at IN 34457 3353 41 that that DT 34457 3353 42 point point NN 34457 3353 43 . . . 34457 3354 1 For for IN 34457 3354 2 , , , 34457 3354 3 in in IN 34457 3354 4 accordance accordance NN 34457 3354 5 with with IN 34457 3354 6 van't van't JJ 34457 3354 7 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 3354 8 's 's POS 34457 3354 9 law law NN 34457 3354 10 of of IN 34457 3354 11 movable movable JJ 34457 3354 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3354 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3354 14 p. p. NN 34457 3354 15 58 58 CD 34457 3354 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3354 17 , , , 34457 3354 18 that that DT 34457 3354 19 change change NN 34457 3354 20 will will MD 34457 3354 21 take take VB 34457 3354 22 place place NN 34457 3354 23 at at IN 34457 3354 24 the the DT 34457 3354 25 higher high JJR 34457 3354 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3354 27 which which WDT 34457 3354 28 is be VBZ 34457 3354 29 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3354 30 by by IN 34457 3354 31 an an DT 34457 3354 32 absorption absorption NN 34457 3354 33 of of IN 34457 3354 34 heat heat NN 34457 3354 35 . . . 34457 3355 1 If if IN 34457 3355 2 , , , 34457 3355 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3355 4 , , , 34457 3355 5 the the DT 34457 3355 6 formation formation NN 34457 3355 7 of of IN 34457 3355 8 the the DT 34457 3355 9 double double JJ 34457 3355 10 salt salt NN 34457 3355 11 from from IN 34457 3355 12 the the DT 34457 3355 13 single single JJ 34457 3355 14 salts salt NNS 34457 3355 15 is be VBZ 34457 3355 16 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3355 17 by by IN 34457 3355 18 an an DT 34457 3355 19 absorption absorption NN 34457 3355 20 of of IN 34457 3355 21 heat heat NN 34457 3355 22 , , , 34457 3355 23 the the DT 34457 3355 24 double double JJ 34457 3355 25 salt salt NN 34457 3355 26 will will MD 34457 3355 27 be be VB 34457 3355 28 formed form VBN 34457 3355 29 from from IN 34457 3355 30 the the DT 34457 3355 31 single single JJ 34457 3355 32 salts salt NNS 34457 3355 33 on on IN 34457 3355 34 raising raise VBG 34457 3355 35 the the DT 34457 3355 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 3355 37 ; ; : 34457 3355 38 but but CC 34457 3355 39 if if IN 34457 3355 40 the the DT 34457 3355 41 reverse reverse NN 34457 3355 42 is be VBZ 34457 3355 43 the the DT 34457 3355 44 case case NN 34457 3355 45 , , , 34457 3355 46 then then RB 34457 3355 47 the the DT 34457 3355 48 double double JJ 34457 3355 49 salt salt NN 34457 3355 50 on on IN 34457 3355 51 being be VBG 34457 3355 52 heated heated JJ 34457 3355 53 will will MD 34457 3355 54 decompose decompose VB 34457 3355 55 into into IN 34457 3355 56 the the DT 34457 3355 57 constituent constituent NN 34457 3355 58 salts salt NNS 34457 3355 59 . . . 34457 3356 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3356 2 340 340 CD 34457 3356 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3356 4 In in IN 34457 3356 5 those those DT 34457 3356 6 cases case NNS 34457 3356 7 , , , 34457 3356 8 now now RB 34457 3356 9 , , , 34457 3356 10 which which WDT 34457 3356 11 have have VBP 34457 3356 12 so so RB 34457 3356 13 far far RB 34457 3356 14 been be VBN 34457 3356 15 studied study VBN 34457 3356 16 , , , 34457 3356 17 the the DT 34457 3356 18 change change NN 34457 3356 19 at at IN 34457 3356 20 the the DT 34457 3356 21 transition transition NN 34457 3356 22 point point NN 34457 3356 23 is be VBZ 34457 3356 24 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3356 25 by by IN 34457 3356 26 a a DT 34457 3356 27 taking taking NN 34457 3356 28 up up RP 34457 3356 29 or or CC 34457 3356 30 a a DT 34457 3356 31 splitting splitting NN 34457 3356 32 off off RP 34457 3356 33 of of IN 34457 3356 34 water water NN 34457 3356 35 ; ; : 34457 3356 36 and and CC 34457 3356 37 _ _ NNP 34457 3356 38 in in IN 34457 3356 39 such such JJ 34457 3356 40 cases case NNS 34457 3356 41 the the DT 34457 3356 42 general general JJ 34457 3356 43 rule rule NN 34457 3356 44 can can MD 34457 3356 45 be be VB 34457 3356 46 given give VBN 34457 3356 47 , , , 34457 3356 48 that that IN 34457 3356 49 if if IN 34457 3356 50 the the DT 34457 3356 51 water water NN 34457 3356 52 of of IN 34457 3356 53 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3356 54 of of IN 34457 3356 55 the the DT 34457 3356 56 two two CD 34457 3356 57 constituent constituent NN 34457 3356 58 { { -LRB- 34457 3356 59 261 261 CD 34457 3356 60 } } -RRB- 34457 3356 61 salts salt NNS 34457 3356 62 together together RB 34457 3356 63 is be VBZ 34457 3356 64 greater great JJR 34457 3356 65 than than IN 34457 3356 66 that that DT 34457 3356 67 of of IN 34457 3356 68 the the DT 34457 3356 69 double double JJ 34457 3356 70 salt salt NN 34457 3356 71 , , , 34457 3356 72 the the DT 34457 3356 73 latter latter NN 34457 3356 74 will will MD 34457 3356 75 be be VB 34457 3356 76 produced produce VBN 34457 3356 77 from from IN 34457 3356 78 the the DT 34457 3356 79 former former JJ 34457 3356 80 on on IN 34457 3356 81 raising raise VBG 34457 3356 82 the the DT 34457 3356 83 temperature temperature NN 34457 3356 84 _ _ NNP 34457 3356 85 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3356 86 _ _ NNP 34457 3356 87 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3356 88 _ _ NNP 34457 3356 89 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3356 90 from from IN 34457 3356 91 sodium sodium NN 34457 3356 92 and and CC 34457 3356 93 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3356 94 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 3356 95 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3356 96 ; ; : 34457 3356 97 _ _ NNP 34457 3356 98 but but CC 34457 3356 99 if if IN 34457 3356 100 the the DT 34457 3356 101 double double JJ 34457 3356 102 salt salt NN 34457 3356 103 contains contain VBZ 34457 3356 104 more more JJR 34457 3356 105 water water NN 34457 3356 106 of of IN 34457 3356 107 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3356 108 than than IN 34457 3356 109 the the DT 34457 3356 110 two two CD 34457 3356 111 single single JJ 34457 3356 112 salts salt NNS 34457 3356 113 , , , 34457 3356 114 increase increase NN 34457 3356 115 of of IN 34457 3356 116 temperature temperature NN 34457 3356 117 will will MD 34457 3356 118 effect effect VB 34457 3356 119 the the DT 34457 3356 120 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3356 121 of of IN 34457 3356 122 the the DT 34457 3356 123 double double JJ 34457 3356 124 salt salt NN 34457 3356 125 _ _ NNP 34457 3356 126 . . . 34457 3357 1 When when WRB 34457 3357 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3357 3 seek seek VBP 34457 3357 4 for for IN 34457 3357 5 the the DT 34457 3357 6 connection connection NN 34457 3357 7 between between IN 34457 3357 8 this this DT 34457 3357 9 rule rule NN 34457 3357 10 and and CC 34457 3357 11 the the DT 34457 3357 12 law law NN 34457 3357 13 of of IN 34457 3357 14 van't van't JJ 34457 3357 15 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 3357 16 , , , 34457 3357 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3357 18 is be VBZ 34457 3357 19 found find VBN 34457 3357 20 in in IN 34457 3357 21 the the DT 34457 3357 22 fact fact NN 34457 3357 23 that that IN 34457 3357 24 the the DT 34457 3357 25 heat heat NN 34457 3357 26 effect effect NN 34457 3357 27 involved involve VBN 34457 3357 28 in in IN 34457 3357 29 the the DT 34457 3357 30 hydration hydration NN 34457 3357 31 or or CC 34457 3357 32 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 3357 33 of of IN 34457 3357 34 the the DT 34457 3357 35 salts salt NNS 34457 3357 36 is be VBZ 34457 3357 37 much much RB 34457 3357 38 greater great JJR 34457 3357 39 than than IN 34457 3357 40 that that DT 34457 3357 41 of of IN 34457 3357 42 the the DT 34457 3357 43 other other JJ 34457 3357 44 changes change NNS 34457 3357 45 which which WDT 34457 3357 46 occur occur VBP 34457 3357 47 , , , 34457 3357 48 and and CC 34457 3357 49 determines determine VBZ 34457 3357 50 , , , 34457 3357 51 therefore therefore RB 34457 3357 52 , , , 34457 3357 53 the the DT 34457 3357 54 sign sign NN 34457 3357 55 of of IN 34457 3357 56 the the DT 34457 3357 57 total total JJ 34457 3357 58 heat heat NN 34457 3357 59 effect effect NN 34457 3357 60 . . . 34457 3358 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3358 2 341 341 CD 34457 3358 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3358 4 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 3358 5 Pressure Pressure NNP 34457 3358 6 . . . 34457 3359 1 Quintuple Quintuple NNP 34457 3359 2 Point.--In Point.--In NNP 34457 3359 3 the the DT 34457 3359 4 case case NN 34457 3359 5 of of IN 34457 3359 6 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3359 7 's 's POS 34457 3359 8 salt salt NN 34457 3359 9 , , , 34457 3359 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3359 11 saw see VBD 34457 3359 12 that that IN 34457 3359 13 at at IN 34457 3359 14 a a DT 34457 3359 15 certain certain JJ 34457 3359 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 3359 17 the the DT 34457 3359 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 3359 19 pressure pressure NN 34457 3359 20 curve curve NN 34457 3359 21 of of IN 34457 3359 22 the the DT 34457 3359 23 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 3359 24 salt salt NN 34457 3359 25 cut cut NN 34457 3359 26 that that DT 34457 3359 27 of of IN 34457 3359 28 the the DT 34457 3359 29 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3359 30 solution solution NN 34457 3359 31 of of IN 34457 3359 32 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3359 33 sodium sodium NN 34457 3359 34 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3359 35 . . . 34457 3360 1 That that DT 34457 3360 2 point point NN 34457 3360 3 , , , 34457 3360 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3360 5 will will MD 34457 3360 6 be be VB 34457 3360 7 remembered remember VBN 34457 3360 8 , , , 34457 3360 9 was be VBD 34457 3360 10 a a DT 34457 3360 11 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 3360 12 point point NN 34457 3360 13 at at IN 34457 3360 14 which which WDT 34457 3360 15 the the DT 34457 3360 16 four four CD 34457 3360 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3360 18 sodium sodium NN 34457 3360 19 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3360 20 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 3360 21 , , , 34457 3360 22 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3360 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 3360 24 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3360 25 , , , 34457 3360 26 solution solution NN 34457 3360 27 , , , 34457 3360 28 and and CC 34457 3360 29 vapour vapour RB 34457 3360 30 , , , 34457 3360 31 could could MD 34457 3360 32 co co VB 34457 3360 33 - - VB 34457 3360 34 exist exist VB 34457 3360 35 ; ; : 34457 3360 36 and and CC 34457 3360 37 was be VBD 34457 3360 38 also also RB 34457 3360 39 the the DT 34457 3360 40 point point NN 34457 3360 41 of of IN 34457 3360 42 intersection intersection NN 34457 3360 43 of of IN 34457 3360 44 the the DT 34457 3360 45 curves curve NNS 34457 3360 46 for for IN 34457 3360 47 four four CD 34457 3360 48 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3360 49 systems system NNS 34457 3360 50 . . . 34457 3361 1 In in IN 34457 3361 2 the the DT 34457 3361 3 case case NN 34457 3361 4 of of IN 34457 3361 5 the the DT 34457 3361 6 formation formation NN 34457 3361 7 of of IN 34457 3361 8 double double JJ 34457 3361 9 salts salt NNS 34457 3361 10 , , , 34457 3361 11 similar similar JJ 34457 3361 12 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3361 13 are be VBP 34457 3361 14 met meet VBN 34457 3361 15 with with IN 34457 3361 16 ; ; : 34457 3361 17 and and CC 34457 3361 18 also also RB 34457 3361 19 certain certain JJ 34457 3361 20 differences difference NNS 34457 3361 21 , , , 34457 3361 22 due due IN 34457 3361 23 to to IN 34457 3361 24 the the DT 34457 3361 25 fact fact NN 34457 3361 26 that that IN 34457 3361 27 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3361 28 are be VBP 34457 3361 29 now now RB 34457 3361 30 dealing deal VBG 34457 3361 31 with with IN 34457 3361 32 systems system NNS 34457 3361 33 of of IN 34457 3361 34 three three CD 34457 3361 35 components component NNS 34457 3361 36 . . . 34457 3362 1 Two two CD 34457 3362 2 cases case NNS 34457 3362 3 will will MD 34457 3362 4 be be VB 34457 3362 5 chosen choose VBN 34457 3362 6 here here RB 34457 3362 7 for for IN 34457 3362 8 brief brief JJ 34457 3362 9 description description NN 34457 3362 10 , , , 34457 3362 11 one one CD 34457 3362 12 in in IN 34457 3362 13 which which WDT 34457 3362 14 formation formation NN 34457 3362 15 , , , 34457 3362 16 the the DT 34457 3362 17 other other JJ 34457 3362 18 in in IN 34457 3362 19 which which WDT 34457 3362 20 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3362 21 of of IN 34457 3362 22 the the DT 34457 3362 23 double double JJ 34457 3362 24 salt salt NN 34457 3362 25 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3362 26 with with IN 34457 3362 27 rise rise NN 34457 3362 28 of of IN 34457 3362 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 3362 30 . . . 34457 3363 1 On on IN 34457 3363 2 heating heat VBG 34457 3363 3 a a DT 34457 3363 4 mixture mixture NN 34457 3363 5 of of IN 34457 3363 6 sodium sodium NN 34457 3363 7 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3363 8 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 3363 9 and and CC 34457 3363 10 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3363 11 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3363 12 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 3363 13 , , , 34457 3363 14 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3363 15 is be VBZ 34457 3363 16 found find VBN 34457 3363 17 that that IN 34457 3363 18 at at IN 34457 3363 19 22 22â CD 34457 3363 20 ° ° , 34457 3363 21 partial partial JJ 34457 3363 22 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 3363 23 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3363 24 with with IN 34457 3363 25 formation formation NN 34457 3363 26 of of IN 34457 3363 27 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3363 28 . . . 34457 3364 1 At at IN 34457 3364 2 this this DT 34457 3364 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3364 4 , , , 34457 3364 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3364 6 , , , 34457 3364 7 there there EX 34457 3364 8 can can MD 34457 3364 9 coexist coexist VB 34457 3364 10 the the DT 34457 3364 11 five five CD 34457 3364 12 phases-- phases-- NNP 34457 3364 13 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3364 14 ; ; : 34457 3364 15 MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O mgso_{4},7h_{2}o LS 34457 3364 16 ; ; : 34457 3364 17 Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O na_{2}mg(so_{4})_{2},4h_{2}o UH 34457 3364 18 ; ; : 34457 3364 19 solution solution NN 34457 3364 20 ; ; : 34457 3364 21 vapour vapour NN 34457 3364 22 . . . 34457 3365 1 This this DT 34457 3365 2 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 3365 3 , , , 34457 3365 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3365 5 , , , 34457 3365 6 a a DT 34457 3365 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3365 8 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 3365 9 point point NN 34457 3365 10 _ _ NNP 34457 3365 11 ; ; : 34457 3365 12 and and CC 34457 3365 13 since since IN 34457 3365 14 there there EX 34457 3365 15 are be VBP 34457 3365 16 three three CD 34457 3365 17 components component NNS 34457 3365 18 present present JJ 34457 3365 19 in in IN 34457 3365 20 five five CD 34457 3365 21 phases phase NNS 34457 3365 22 , , , 34457 3365 23 the the DT 34457 3365 24 system system NN 34457 3365 25 is be VBZ 34457 3365 26 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3365 27 . . . 34457 3366 1 This this DT 34457 3366 2 point point NN 34457 3366 3 , , , 34457 3366 4 also also RB 34457 3366 5 , , , 34457 3366 6 will will MD 34457 3366 7 be be VB 34457 3366 8 the the DT 34457 3366 9 point point NN 34457 3366 10 of of IN 34457 3366 11 intersection intersection NN 34457 3366 12 of of IN 34457 3366 13 curves curve NNS 34457 3366 14 for for IN 34457 3366 15 five five CD 34457 3366 16 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3366 17 systems system NNS 34457 3366 18 , , , 34457 3366 19 which which WDT 34457 3366 20 , , , 34457 3366 21 in in IN 34457 3366 22 this this DT 34457 3366 23 case case NN 34457 3366 24 , , , 34457 3366 25 must must MD 34457 3366 26 each each DT 34457 3366 27 be be VB 34457 3366 28 composed compose VBN 34457 3366 29 of of IN 34457 3366 30 four four CD 34457 3366 31 phases phase NNS 34457 3366 32 . . . 34457 3367 1 These these DT 34457 3367 2 systems system NNS 34457 3367 3 are-- are-- IN 34457 3367 4 { { -LRB- 34457 3367 5 262 262 CD 34457 3367 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3367 7 I. I. NNP 34457 3367 8 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3367 9 ; ; : 34457 3367 10 MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O mgso_{4},7h_{2}o LS 34457 3367 11 ; ; : 34457 3367 12 Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O na_{2}mg(so_{4})_{2},4h_{2}o UH 34457 3367 13 ; ; : 34457 3367 14 vapour vapour RB 34457 3367 15 . . . 34457 3368 1 II ii CD 34457 3368 2 . . . 34457 3369 1 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3369 2 ; ; : 34457 3369 3 MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O mgso_{4},7h_{2}o NN 34457 3369 4 ; ; : 34457 3369 5 solution solution NN 34457 3369 6 ; ; : 34457 3369 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 3369 8 . . . 34457 3370 1 III iii CD 34457 3370 2 . . . 34457 3371 1 MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O mgso_{4},7h_{2}o LS 34457 3371 2 ; ; : 34457 3371 3 Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O na_{2}mg(so_{4})_{2},4h_{2}o UH 34457 3371 4 ; ; : 34457 3371 5 solution solution NN 34457 3371 6 ; ; : 34457 3371 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 3371 8 . . . 34457 3372 1 IV IV NNP 34457 3372 2 . . . 34457 3373 1 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3373 2 ; ; : 34457 3373 3 Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O na_{2}mg(so_{4})_{2},4h_{2}o UH 34457 3373 4 ; ; : 34457 3373 5 solution solution NN 34457 3373 6 ; ; : 34457 3373 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 3373 8 . . . 34457 3374 1 V. V. NNP 34457 3374 2 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3374 3 ; ; : 34457 3374 4 MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O mgso_{4},7h_{2}o LS 34457 3374 5 ; ; : 34457 3374 6 Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O na_{2}mg(so_{4})_{2},4h_{2}o UH 34457 3374 7 ; ; : 34457 3374 8 solution solution NN 34457 3374 9 . . . 34457 3375 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3375 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3375 3 : : : 34457 3375 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3375 5 . . . 34457 3376 1 98 98 CD 34457 3376 2 . . . 34457 3376 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3377 1 On on IN 34457 3377 2 representing represent VBG 34457 3377 3 the the DT 34457 3377 4 vapour vapour NN 34457 3377 5 pressures pressure NNS 34457 3377 6 of of IN 34457 3377 7 these these DT 34457 3377 8 different different JJ 34457 3377 9 systems system NNS 34457 3377 10 graphically graphically RB 34457 3377 11 , , , 34457 3377 12 a a DT 34457 3377 13 diagram diagram NN 34457 3377 14 is be VBZ 34457 3377 15 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3377 16 such such JJ 34457 3377 17 as as IN 34457 3377 18 is be VBZ 34457 3377 19 shown show VBN 34457 3377 20 in in IN 34457 3377 21 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3377 22 . . . 34457 3378 1 98,[342 98,[342 LS 34457 3378 2 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3378 3 the the DT 34457 3378 4 curves curve NNS 34457 3378 5 being be VBG 34457 3378 6 numbered number VBN 34457 3378 7 in in IN 34457 3378 8 accordance accordance NN 34457 3378 9 with with IN 34457 3378 10 the the DT 34457 3378 11 above above JJ 34457 3378 12 list list NN 34457 3378 13 . . . 34457 3379 1 When when WRB 34457 3379 2 the the DT 34457 3379 3 system system NN 34457 3379 4 I. i. NN 34457 3379 5 is be VBZ 34457 3379 6 heated heated JJ 34457 3379 7 , , , 34457 3379 8 the the DT 34457 3379 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 3379 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 3379 11 increases increase NNS 34457 3379 12 until until IN 34457 3379 13 at at IN 34457 3379 14 the the DT 34457 3379 15 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 3379 16 point point NN 34457 3379 17 the the DT 34457 3379 18 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3379 19 phase phase NN 34457 3379 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3379 21 solution solution NN 34457 3379 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3379 23 is be VBZ 34457 3379 24 formed form VBN 34457 3379 25 , , , 34457 3379 26 and and CC 34457 3379 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3379 28 will will MD 34457 3379 29 then then RB 34457 3379 30 depend depend VB 34457 3379 31 on on IN 34457 3379 32 the the DT 34457 3379 33 relative relative JJ 34457 3379 34 amounts amount NNS 34457 3379 35 of of IN 34457 3379 36 the the DT 34457 3379 37 different different JJ 34457 3379 38 phases phase NNS 34457 3379 39 whether whether IN 34457 3379 40 on on IN 34457 3379 41 further further JJ 34457 3379 42 heating heating NN 34457 3379 43 there there EX 34457 3379 44 is be VBZ 34457 3379 45 formed form VBN 34457 3379 46 system system NN 34457 3379 47 III III NNP 34457 3379 48 . . NNP 34457 3379 49 , , , 34457 3379 50 IV IV NNP 34457 3379 51 . . NNP 34457 3379 52 , , , 34457 3379 53 or or CC 34457 3379 54 V. V. NNP 34457 3379 55 If if IN 34457 3379 56 either either DT 34457 3379 57 of of IN 34457 3379 58 the the DT 34457 3379 59 first first JJ 34457 3379 60 two two CD 34457 3379 61 is be VBZ 34457 3379 62 produced produce VBN 34457 3379 63 , , , 34457 3379 64 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3379 65 shall shall MD 34457 3379 66 obtain obtain VB 34457 3379 67 the the DT 34457 3379 68 vapour vapour JJ 34457 3379 69 pressure pressure NN 34457 3379 70 of of IN 34457 3379 71 the the DT 34457 3379 72 solutions solution NNS 34457 3379 73 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3379 74 with with IN 34457 3379 75 respect respect NN 34457 3379 76 to to IN 34457 3379 77 both both DT 34457 3379 78 double double JJ 34457 3379 79 salt salt NN 34457 3379 80 and and CC 34457 3379 81 one one CD 34457 3379 82 of of IN 34457 3379 83 the the DT 34457 3379 84 single single JJ 34457 3379 85 salts salt NNS 34457 3379 86 ; ; : 34457 3379 87 while while IN 34457 3379 88 if if IN 34457 3379 89 the the DT 34457 3379 90 vapour vapour NN 34457 3379 91 phase phase NN 34457 3379 92 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3379 93 , , , 34457 3379 94 there there EX 34457 3379 95 will will MD 34457 3379 96 be be VB 34457 3379 97 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3379 98 the the DT 34457 3379 99 pressure pressure NN 34457 3379 100 of of IN 34457 3379 101 the the DT 34457 3379 102 condensed condense VBN 34457 3379 103 systems system NNS 34457 3379 104 formed form VBN 34457 3379 105 of of IN 34457 3379 106 double double JJ 34457 3379 107 salt salt NN 34457 3379 108 , , , 34457 3379 109 two two CD 34457 3379 110 single single JJ 34457 3379 111 salts salt NNS 34457 3379 112 and and CC 34457 3379 113 solution solution NN 34457 3379 114 . . . 34457 3380 1 This this DT 34457 3380 2 curve curve NN 34457 3380 3 , , , 34457 3380 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3380 5 , , , 34457 3380 6 indicates indicate VBZ 34457 3380 7 the the DT 34457 3380 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3380 9 change change NN 34457 3380 10 of of IN 34457 3380 11 the the DT 34457 3380 12 transition transition NN 34457 3380 13 point point NN 34457 3380 14 with with IN 34457 3380 15 pressure pressure NN 34457 3380 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3380 17 ; ; : 34457 3380 18 and and CC 34457 3380 19 since since IN 34457 3380 20 in in IN 34457 3380 21 the the DT 34457 3380 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 3380 23 determinations determination NNS 34457 3380 24 of of IN 34457 3380 25 the the DT 34457 3380 26 transition transition NN 34457 3380 27 point point NN 34457 3380 28 in in IN 34457 3380 29 open open JJ 34457 3380 30 vessels vessel NNS 34457 3380 31 , , , 34457 3380 32 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3380 33 are be VBP 34457 3380 34 in in IN 34457 3380 35 reality reality NN 34457 3380 36 dealing deal VBG 34457 3380 37 with with IN 34457 3380 38 condensed condense VBN 34457 3380 39 systems system NNS 34457 3380 40 under under IN 34457 3380 41 the the DT 34457 3380 42 pressure pressure NN 34457 3380 43 of of IN 34457 3380 44 1 1 CD 34457 3380 45 atm atm NN 34457 3380 46 . . . 34457 3380 47 , , , 34457 3380 48 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3380 49 will will MD 34457 3380 50 be be VB 34457 3380 51 evident evident JJ 34457 3380 52 that that IN 34457 3380 53 the the DT 34457 3380 54 transition transition NN 34457 3380 55 point point NN 34457 3380 56 does do VBZ 34457 3380 57 not not RB 34457 3380 58 accurately accurately RB 34457 3380 59 coincide coincide VB 34457 3380 60 with with IN 34457 3380 61 the the DT 34457 3380 62 quintuple quintuple NNP 34457 3380 63 point point NN 34457 3380 64 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3380 65 at at IN 34457 3380 66 which which WDT 34457 3380 67 the the DT 34457 3380 68 system system NN 34457 3380 69 is be VBZ 34457 3380 70 under under IN 34457 3380 71 the the DT 34457 3380 72 pressure pressure NN 34457 3380 73 of of IN 34457 3380 74 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3380 75 own own JJ 34457 3380 76 vapour vapour NN 34457 3380 77 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3380 78 . . . 34457 3381 1 As as IN 34457 3381 2 in in IN 34457 3381 3 the the DT 34457 3381 4 case case NN 34457 3381 5 of of IN 34457 3381 6 other other JJ 34457 3381 7 condensed condense VBN 34457 3381 8 systems system NNS 34457 3381 9 , , , 34457 3381 10 however however RB 34457 3381 11 , , , 34457 3381 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 3381 13 has have VBZ 34457 3381 14 only only RB 34457 3381 15 a a DT 34457 3381 16 slight slight JJ 34457 3381 17 influence influence NN 34457 3381 18 on on IN 34457 3381 19 the the DT 34457 3381 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 3381 21 of of IN 34457 3381 22 the the DT 34457 3381 23 transition transition NN 34457 3381 24 point point NN 34457 3381 25 . . . 34457 3382 1 Whether whether IN 34457 3382 2 or or CC 34457 3382 3 not not RB 34457 3382 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 3382 5 raises raise NNS 34457 3382 6 or or CC 34457 3382 7 lowers lower VBZ 34457 3382 8 the the DT 34457 3382 9 transition transition NN 34457 3382 10 point point NN 34457 3382 11 will will MD 34457 3382 12 depend depend VB 34457 3382 13 on on IN 34457 3382 14 whether whether IN 34457 3382 15 transformation transformation NN 34457 3382 16 is be VBZ 34457 3382 17 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3382 18 by by IN 34457 3382 19 an an DT 34457 3382 20 increase increase NN 34457 3382 21 or or CC 34457 3382 22 { { -LRB- 34457 3382 23 263 263 CD 34457 3382 24 } } -RRB- 34457 3382 25 diminution diminution NN 34457 3382 26 of of IN 34457 3382 27 volume volume NN 34457 3382 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3382 29 theorem theorem NN 34457 3382 30 of of IN 34457 3382 31 Le Le NNP 34457 3382 32 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 3382 33 , , , 34457 3382 34 p. p. NN 34457 3382 35 58 58 CD 34457 3382 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3382 37 . . . 34457 3383 1 In in IN 34457 3383 2 the the DT 34457 3383 3 case case NN 34457 3383 4 of of IN 34457 3383 5 the the DT 34457 3383 6 formation formation NN 34457 3383 7 of of IN 34457 3383 8 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3383 9 , , , 34457 3383 10 expansion expansion NN 34457 3383 11 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3383 12 , , , 34457 3383 13 and and CC 34457 3383 14 the the DT 34457 3383 15 transition transition NN 34457 3383 16 point point NN 34457 3383 17 will will MD 34457 3383 18 therefore therefore RB 34457 3383 19 be be VB 34457 3383 20 raised raise VBN 34457 3383 21 by by IN 34457 3383 22 increase increase NN 34457 3383 23 of of IN 34457 3383 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 3383 25 . . . 34457 3384 1 Although although IN 34457 3384 2 measurements measurement NNS 34457 3384 3 have have VBP 34457 3384 4 not not RB 34457 3384 5 been be VBN 34457 3384 6 made make VBN 34457 3384 7 in in IN 34457 3384 8 the the DT 34457 3384 9 case case NN 34457 3384 10 of of IN 34457 3384 11 this this DT 34457 3384 12 system system NN 34457 3384 13 , , , 34457 3384 14 the the DT 34457 3384 15 existence existence NN 34457 3384 16 of of IN 34457 3384 17 such such PDT 34457 3384 18 a a DT 34457 3384 19 curve curve NN 34457 3384 20 has have VBZ 34457 3384 21 been be VBN 34457 3384 22 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 3384 23 verified verify VBN 34457 3384 24 in in IN 34457 3384 25 the the DT 34457 3384 26 case case NN 34457 3384 27 of of IN 34457 3384 28 copper copper NN 34457 3384 29 and and CC 34457 3384 30 calcium calcium NN 34457 3384 31 acetates acetate NNS 34457 3384 32 and and CC 34457 3384 33 water water NN 34457 3384 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3384 35 v. v. CC 34457 3385 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3385 2 infra infra NNP 34457 3385 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3385 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3385 5 . . . 34457 3386 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3386 2 343 343 CD 34457 3386 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3386 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3386 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3386 6 : : : 34457 3386 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3386 8 . . . 34457 3387 1 99 99 CD 34457 3387 2 . . . 34457 3387 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3388 1 The the DT 34457 3388 2 vapour vapour NNP 34457 3388 3 pressure pressure NN 34457 3388 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 3388 5 in in IN 34457 3388 6 the the DT 34457 3388 7 case case NN 34457 3388 8 of of IN 34457 3388 9 copper copper NN 34457 3388 10 calcium calcium NN 34457 3388 11 acetate acetate NN 34457 3388 12 and and CC 34457 3388 13 water water NN 34457 3388 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3388 15 Fig fig NN 34457 3388 16 . . . 34457 3389 1 99 99 CD 34457 3389 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3389 3 , , , 34457 3389 4 is be VBZ 34457 3389 5 almost almost RB 34457 3389 6 the the DT 34457 3389 7 reverse reverse NN 34457 3389 8 of of IN 34457 3389 9 that that DT 34457 3389 10 already already RB 34457 3389 11 discussed discuss VBN 34457 3389 12 . . . 34457 3390 1 In in IN 34457 3390 2 this this DT 34457 3390 3 case case NN 34457 3390 4 , , , 34457 3390 5 the the DT 34457 3390 6 double double JJ 34457 3390 7 salt salt NN 34457 3390 8 decomposes decompose NNS 34457 3390 9 on on IN 34457 3390 10 heating heating NN 34457 3390 11 , , , 34457 3390 12 and and CC 34457 3390 13 the the DT 34457 3390 14 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3390 15 is be VBZ 34457 3390 16 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3390 17 by by IN 34457 3390 18 a a DT 34457 3390 19 contraction contraction NN 34457 3390 20 . . . 34457 3391 1 Curve curve NN 34457 3391 2 I. i. NN 34457 3391 3 is be VBZ 34457 3391 4 the the DT 34457 3391 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 3391 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 3391 7 curve curve NN 34457 3391 8 for for IN 34457 3391 9 double double JJ 34457 3391 10 salt salt NN 34457 3391 11 , , , 34457 3391 12 two two CD 34457 3391 13 single single JJ 34457 3391 14 salts salt NNS 34457 3391 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3391 16 p. p. NN 34457 3391 17 260 260 CD 34457 3391 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3391 19 , , , 34457 3391 20 and and CC 34457 3391 21 vapour vapour RB 34457 3391 22 ; ; : 34457 3391 23 curves curve VBZ 34457 3391 24 II II NNP 34457 3391 25 . . . 34457 3392 1 and and CC 34457 3392 2 III III NNP 34457 3392 3 . . . 34457 3393 1 give give VB 34457 3393 2 the the DT 34457 3393 3 vapour vapour JJ 34457 3393 4 pressures pressure NNS 34457 3393 5 of of IN 34457 3393 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 3393 7 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3393 8 with with IN 34457 3393 9 respect respect NN 34457 3393 10 to to IN 34457 3393 11 double double JJ 34457 3393 12 salt salt NN 34457 3393 13 and and CC 34457 3393 14 one one CD 34457 3393 15 of of IN 34457 3393 16 the the DT 34457 3393 17 single single JJ 34457 3393 18 salts salt NNS 34457 3393 19 ; ; , 34457 3393 20 curve curve NN 34457 3393 21 IV IV NNP 34457 3393 22 . . . 34457 3394 1 is be VBZ 34457 3394 2 the the DT 34457 3394 3 curve curve NN 34457 3394 4 of of IN 34457 3394 5 pressures pressure NNS 34457 3394 6 for for IN 34457 3394 7 the the DT 34457 3394 8 solutions solution NNS 34457 3394 9 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3394 10 with with IN 34457 3394 11 respect respect NN 34457 3394 12 to to IN 34457 3394 13 the the DT 34457 3394 14 two two CD 34457 3394 15 single single JJ 34457 3394 16 salts salt NNS 34457 3394 17 ; ; : 34457 3394 18 while while IN 34457 3394 19 curve curve NN 34457 3394 20 V. V. NNP 34457 3394 21 again again RB 34457 3394 22 represents represent VBZ 34457 3394 23 the the DT 34457 3394 24 change change NN 34457 3394 25 of of IN 34457 3394 26 the the DT 34457 3394 27 transition transition NN 34457 3394 28 point point NN 34457 3394 29 with with IN 34457 3394 30 pressure pressure NN 34457 3394 31 . . . 34457 3395 1 On on IN 34457 3395 2 examining examine VBG 34457 3395 3 this this DT 34457 3395 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 3395 5 , , , 34457 3395 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3395 7 is be VBZ 34457 3395 8 seen see VBN 34457 3395 9 that that IN 34457 3395 10 whereas whereas IN 34457 3395 11 { { -LRB- 34457 3395 12 264 264 CD 34457 3395 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3395 14 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3395 15 could could MD 34457 3395 16 exist exist VB 34457 3395 17 both both DT 34457 3395 18 above above IN 34457 3395 19 and and CC 34457 3395 20 below below IN 34457 3395 21 the the DT 34457 3395 22 quintuple quintuple NNP 34457 3395 23 point point NN 34457 3395 24 , , , 34457 3395 25 copper copper NN 34457 3395 26 calcium calcium NN 34457 3395 27 acetate acetate NNP 34457 3395 28 can can MD 34457 3395 29 exist exist VB 34457 3395 30 only only RB 34457 3395 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3395 32 below below IN 34457 3395 33 _ _ NNP 34457 3395 34 the the DT 34457 3395 35 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 3395 36 point point NN 34457 3395 37 . . . 34457 3396 1 This this DT 34457 3396 2 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3396 3 is be VBZ 34457 3396 4 found find VBN 34457 3396 5 only only RB 34457 3396 6 in in IN 34457 3396 7 those those DT 34457 3396 8 cases case NNS 34457 3396 9 in in IN 34457 3396 10 which which WDT 34457 3396 11 the the DT 34457 3396 12 double double JJ 34457 3396 13 salt salt NN 34457 3396 14 is be VBZ 34457 3396 15 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3396 16 by by IN 34457 3396 17 rise rise NN 34457 3396 18 of of IN 34457 3396 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 3396 20 , , , 34457 3396 21 and and CC 34457 3396 22 where where WRB 34457 3396 23 the the DT 34457 3396 24 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3396 25 is be VBZ 34457 3396 26 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3396 27 by by IN 34457 3396 28 a a DT 34457 3396 29 diminution diminution NN 34457 3396 30 of of IN 34457 3396 31 volume volume NN 34457 3396 32 . . . 34457 3397 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3397 2 344 344 CD 34457 3397 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3397 4 As as IN 34457 3397 5 already already RB 34457 3397 6 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3397 7 , , , 34457 3397 8 the the DT 34457 3397 9 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3397 10 of of IN 34457 3397 11 copper copper NN 34457 3397 12 calcium calcium NN 34457 3397 13 acetate acetate RB 34457 3397 14 into into IN 34457 3397 15 the the DT 34457 3397 16 single single JJ 34457 3397 17 salts salt NNS 34457 3397 18 and and CC 34457 3397 19 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3397 20 solution solution NN 34457 3397 21 is be VBZ 34457 3397 22 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3397 23 by by IN 34457 3397 24 a a DT 34457 3397 25 contraction contraction NN 34457 3397 26 , , , 34457 3397 27 and and CC 34457 3397 28 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3397 29 was be VBD 34457 3397 30 therefore therefore RB 34457 3397 31 to to TO 34457 3397 32 be be VB 34457 3397 33 expected expect VBN 34457 3397 34 that that DT 34457 3397 35 increase increase NN 34457 3397 36 of of IN 34457 3397 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 3397 38 would would MD 34457 3397 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3397 40 lower lower RBR 34457 3397 41 _ _ NNP 34457 3397 42 the the DT 34457 3397 43 transition transition NN 34457 3397 44 point point NN 34457 3397 45 . . . 34457 3398 1 This this DT 34457 3398 2 expectation expectation NN 34457 3398 3 of of IN 34457 3398 4 theory theory NN 34457 3398 5 was be VBD 34457 3398 6 confirmed confirm VBN 34457 3398 7 by by IN 34457 3398 8 experiment experiment NN 34457 3398 9 , , , 34457 3398 10 for for IN 34457 3398 11 van't van't JJ 34457 3398 12 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 3398 13 and and CC 34457 3398 14 Spring Spring NNP 34457 3398 15 found find VBD 34457 3398 16 that that IN 34457 3398 17 although although IN 34457 3398 18 the the DT 34457 3398 19 transition transition NN 34457 3398 20 point point NN 34457 3398 21 under under IN 34457 3398 22 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 3398 23 pressure pressure NN 34457 3398 24 is be VBZ 34457 3398 25 about about RB 34457 3398 26 75 75â CD 34457 3398 27 ° ° NNS 34457 3398 28 , , , 34457 3398 29 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3398 30 of of IN 34457 3398 31 the the DT 34457 3398 32 double double JJ 34457 3398 33 salt salt NN 34457 3398 34 took take VBD 34457 3398 35 place place NN 34457 3398 36 even even RB 34457 3398 37 at at IN 34457 3398 38 the the DT 34457 3398 39 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 3398 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 3398 41 when when WRB 34457 3398 42 the the DT 34457 3398 43 pressure pressure NN 34457 3398 44 was be VBD 34457 3398 45 increased increase VBN 34457 3398 46 to to IN 34457 3398 47 6000 6000 CD 34457 3398 48 atm atm NN 34457 3398 49 . . . 34457 3399 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3399 2 345 345 CD 34457 3399 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3399 4 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 3399 5 Curves Curves NNP 34457 3399 6 at at IN 34457 3399 7 the the DT 34457 3399 8 Transition Transition NNP 34457 3399 9 Point.--At Point.--At VBZ 34457 3399 10 the the DT 34457 3399 11 transition transition NN 34457 3399 12 point point NN 34457 3399 13 , , , 34457 3399 14 as as IN 34457 3399 15 has have VBZ 34457 3399 16 already already RB 34457 3399 17 been be VBN 34457 3399 18 shown show VBN 34457 3399 19 , , , 34457 3399 20 the the DT 34457 3399 21 double double JJ 34457 3399 22 salt salt NN 34457 3399 23 and and CC 34457 3399 24 the the DT 34457 3399 25 two two CD 34457 3399 26 constituent constituent NN 34457 3399 27 salts salt NNS 34457 3399 28 can can MD 34457 3399 29 exist exist VB 34457 3399 30 in in IN 34457 3399 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3399 32 with with IN 34457 3399 33 the the DT 34457 3399 34 same same JJ 34457 3399 35 solution solution NN 34457 3399 36 . . . 34457 3400 1 The the DT 34457 3400 2 transition transition NN 34457 3400 3 point point NN 34457 3400 4 , , , 34457 3400 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3400 6 , , , 34457 3400 7 must must MD 34457 3400 8 be be VB 34457 3400 9 the the DT 34457 3400 10 point point NN 34457 3400 11 of of IN 34457 3400 12 intersection intersection NN 34457 3400 13 of of IN 34457 3400 14 two two CD 34457 3400 15 solubility solubility NN 34457 3400 16 curves curve NNS 34457 3400 17 ; ; : 34457 3400 18 the the DT 34457 3400 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 3400 20 curve curve NN 34457 3400 21 of of IN 34457 3400 22 the the DT 34457 3400 23 double double JJ 34457 3400 24 salt salt NN 34457 3400 25 and and CC 34457 3400 26 the the DT 34457 3400 27 solubility solubility NN 34457 3400 28 curve curve NN 34457 3400 29 of of IN 34457 3400 30 the the DT 34457 3400 31 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3400 32 of of IN 34457 3400 33 the the DT 34457 3400 34 two two CD 34457 3400 35 constituent constituent NN 34457 3400 36 salts salt NNS 34457 3400 37 . . . 34457 3401 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3401 2 should should MD 34457 3401 3 be be VB 34457 3401 4 noted note VBN 34457 3401 5 here here RB 34457 3401 6 that that IN 34457 3401 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3401 8 are be VBP 34457 3401 9 not not RB 34457 3401 10 dealing deal VBG 34457 3401 11 with with IN 34457 3401 12 the the DT 34457 3401 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 3401 14 curves curve NNS 34457 3401 15 of of IN 34457 3401 16 the the DT 34457 3401 17 single single JJ 34457 3401 18 salts salt NNS 34457 3401 19 separately separately RB 34457 3401 20 , , , 34457 3401 21 for for IN 34457 3401 22 since since IN 34457 3401 23 the the DT 34457 3401 24 systems system NNS 34457 3401 25 are be VBP 34457 3401 26 composed compose VBN 34457 3401 27 of of IN 34457 3401 28 three three CD 34457 3401 29 components component NNS 34457 3401 30 , , , 34457 3401 31 a a DT 34457 3401 32 single single JJ 34457 3401 33 solid solid JJ 34457 3401 34 phase phase NN 34457 3401 35 can can MD 34457 3401 36 , , , 34457 3401 37 at at IN 34457 3401 38 a a DT 34457 3401 39 given give VBN 34457 3401 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 3401 41 , , , 34457 3401 42 be be VB 34457 3401 43 in in IN 34457 3401 44 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3401 45 with with IN 34457 3401 46 solutions solution NNS 34457 3401 47 of of IN 34457 3401 48 different different JJ 34457 3401 49 composition composition NN 34457 3401 50 , , , 34457 3401 51 and and CC 34457 3401 52 two two CD 34457 3401 53 solid solid JJ 34457 3401 54 phases phase NNS 34457 3401 55 in in IN 34457 3401 56 contact contact NN 34457 3401 57 with with IN 34457 3401 58 solution solution NN 34457 3401 59 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3401 60 and and CC 34457 3401 61 vapour vapour NN 34457 3401 62 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3401 63 are be VBP 34457 3401 64 therefore therefore RB 34457 3401 65 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3401 66 to to TO 34457 3401 67 give give VB 34457 3401 68 an an DT 34457 3401 69 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3401 70 system system NN 34457 3401 71 . . . 34457 3402 1 The the DT 34457 3402 2 same same JJ 34457 3402 3 applies apply VBZ 34457 3402 4 , , , 34457 3402 5 of of IN 34457 3402 6 course course NN 34457 3402 7 , , , 34457 3402 8 to to IN 34457 3402 9 the the DT 34457 3402 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 3402 11 of of IN 34457 3402 12 the the DT 34457 3402 13 double double JJ 34457 3402 14 salt salt NN 34457 3402 15 ; ; : 34457 3402 16 for for IN 34457 3402 17 a a DT 34457 3402 18 double double JJ 34457 3402 19 salt salt NN 34457 3402 20 also also RB 34457 3402 21 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 3402 22 a a DT 34457 3402 23 single single JJ 34457 3402 24 phase phase NN 34457 3402 25 , , , 34457 3402 26 and and CC 34457 3402 27 can can MD 34457 3402 28 therefore therefore RB 34457 3402 29 exist exist VB 34457 3402 30 in in IN 34457 3402 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3402 32 with with IN 34457 3402 33 solutions solution NNS 34457 3402 34 of of IN 34457 3402 35 varying vary VBG 34457 3402 36 composition composition NN 34457 3402 37 . . . 34457 3403 1 If if IN 34457 3403 2 , , , 34457 3403 3 however however RB 34457 3403 4 , , , 34457 3403 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3403 6 make make VBP 34457 3403 7 the the DT 34457 3403 8 restriction restriction NN 34457 3403 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3403 10 which which WDT 34457 3403 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3403 12 do do VBP 34457 3403 13 for for IN 34457 3403 14 the the DT 34457 3403 15 present present NN 34457 3403 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3403 17 that that IN 34457 3403 18 the the DT 34457 3403 19 double double JJ 34457 3403 20 salt salt NN 34457 3403 21 is be VBZ 34457 3403 22 not not RB 34457 3403 23 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3403 24 by by IN 34457 3403 25 water water NN 34457 3403 26 , , , 34457 3403 27 then then RB 34457 3403 28 the the DT 34457 3403 29 solution solution NN 34457 3403 30 will will MD 34457 3403 31 contain contain VB 34457 3403 32 the the DT 34457 3403 33 constituent constituent NN 34457 3403 34 salts salt NNS 34457 3403 35 in in IN 34457 3403 36 the the DT 34457 3403 37 same same JJ 34457 3403 38 relative relative JJ 34457 3403 39 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3403 40 as as IN 34457 3403 41 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3403 42 are be VBP 34457 3403 43 contained contain VBN 34457 3403 44 in in IN 34457 3403 45 the the DT 34457 3403 46 double double JJ 34457 3403 47 salt salt NN 34457 3403 48 , , , 34457 3403 49 and and CC 34457 3403 50 the the DT 34457 3403 51 system system NN 34457 3403 52 may may MD 34457 3403 53 therefore therefore RB 34457 3403 54 be be VB 34457 3403 55 regarded regard VBN 34457 3403 56 as as IN 34457 3403 57 one one CD 34457 3403 58 of of IN 34457 3403 59 _ _ NNP 34457 3403 60 two two CD 34457 3403 61 _ _ NNP 34457 3403 62 components component NNS 34457 3403 63 , , , 34457 3403 64 viz viz NN 34457 3403 65 . . . 34457 3404 1 double double JJ 34457 3404 2 salt salt NN 34457 3404 3 and and CC 34457 3404 4 water water NN 34457 3404 5 . . . 34457 3405 1 In in IN 34457 3405 2 this this DT 34457 3405 3 case case NN 34457 3405 4 one one CD 34457 3405 5 solid solid JJ 34457 3405 6 phase phase NN 34457 3405 7 is be VBZ 34457 3405 8 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 3405 9 , , , 34457 3405 10 with with IN 34457 3405 11 solution solution NN 34457 3405 12 and and CC 34457 3405 13 { { -LRB- 34457 3405 14 265 265 CD 34457 3405 15 } } -RRB- 34457 3405 16 vapour vapour RB 34457 3405 17 , , , 34457 3405 18 to to TO 34457 3405 19 give give VB 34457 3405 20 an an DT 34457 3405 21 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3405 22 system system NN 34457 3405 23 ; ; : 34457 3405 24 and and CC 34457 3405 25 at at IN 34457 3405 26 a a DT 34457 3405 27 given give VBN 34457 3405 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 3405 29 , , , 34457 3405 30 therefore therefore RB 34457 3405 31 , , , 34457 3405 32 the the DT 34457 3405 33 solubility solubility NN 34457 3405 34 will will MD 34457 3405 35 have have VB 34457 3405 36 a a DT 34457 3405 37 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 3405 38 definite definite JJ 34457 3405 39 value value NN 34457 3405 40 . . . 34457 3406 1 Since since IN 34457 3406 2 in in IN 34457 3406 3 almost almost RB 34457 3406 4 all all DT 34457 3406 5 cases case NNS 34457 3406 6 the the DT 34457 3406 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 3406 8 is be VBZ 34457 3406 9 determined determine VBN 34457 3406 10 in in IN 34457 3406 11 open open JJ 34457 3406 12 vessels vessel NNS 34457 3406 13 , , , 34457 3406 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3406 15 shall shall MD 34457 3406 16 in in IN 34457 3406 17 the the DT 34457 3406 18 following follow VBG 34457 3406 19 discussion discussion NN 34457 3406 20 consider consider VB 34457 3406 21 that that IN 34457 3406 22 the the DT 34457 3406 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 3406 24 phase phase NN 34457 3406 25 is be VBZ 34457 3406 26 absent absent JJ 34457 3406 27 , , , 34457 3406 28 and and CC 34457 3406 29 that that IN 34457 3406 30 the the DT 34457 3406 31 system system NN 34457 3406 32 is be VBZ 34457 3406 33 under under IN 34457 3406 34 a a DT 34457 3406 35 constant constant JJ 34457 3406 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 3406 37 , , , 34457 3406 38 that that DT 34457 3406 39 of of IN 34457 3406 40 the the DT 34457 3406 41 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 3406 42 . . . 34457 3407 1 With with IN 34457 3407 2 this this DT 34457 3407 3 restriction restriction NN 34457 3407 4 , , , 34457 3407 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3407 6 , , , 34457 3407 7 four four CD 34457 3407 8 phases phase NNS 34457 3407 9 will will MD 34457 3407 10 constitute constitute VB 34457 3407 11 an an DT 34457 3407 12 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3407 13 system system NN 34457 3407 14 , , , 34457 3407 15 three three CD 34457 3407 16 phases phase NNS 34457 3407 17 an an DT 34457 3407 18 univariant univariant NN 34457 3407 19 , , , 34457 3407 20 and and CC 34457 3407 21 two two CD 34457 3407 22 phases phase NNS 34457 3407 23 a a DT 34457 3407 24 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 3407 25 system system NN 34457 3407 26 . . . 34457 3408 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3408 2 has have VBZ 34457 3408 3 already already RB 34457 3408 4 been be VBN 34457 3408 5 learned learn VBN 34457 3408 6 that that IN 34457 3408 7 in in IN 34457 3408 8 the the DT 34457 3408 9 case case NN 34457 3408 10 of of IN 34457 3408 11 sodium sodium NN 34457 3408 12 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3408 13 and and CC 34457 3408 14 water water NN 34457 3408 15 , , , 34457 3408 16 the the DT 34457 3408 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 3408 18 curve curve NN 34457 3408 19 of of IN 34457 3408 20 the the DT 34457 3408 21 salt salt NN 34457 3408 22 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 3408 23 a a DT 34457 3408 24 sudden sudden JJ 34457 3408 25 change change NN 34457 3408 26 in in IN 34457 3408 27 direction direction NN 34457 3408 28 at at IN 34457 3408 29 the the DT 34457 3408 30 transition transition NN 34457 3408 31 point point NN 34457 3408 32 , , , 34457 3408 33 and and CC 34457 3408 34 that that IN 34457 3408 35 this this DT 34457 3408 36 is be VBZ 34457 3408 37 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 3408 38 by by IN 34457 3408 39 a a DT 34457 3408 40 change change NN 34457 3408 41 in in IN 34457 3408 42 the the DT 34457 3408 43 solid solid JJ 34457 3408 44 phase phase NN 34457 3408 45 in in IN 34457 3408 46 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3408 47 with with IN 34457 3408 48 the the DT 34457 3408 49 solution solution NN 34457 3408 50 . . . 34457 3409 1 The the DT 34457 3409 2 same same JJ 34457 3409 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3409 4 is be VBZ 34457 3409 5 also also RB 34457 3409 6 found find VBN 34457 3409 7 in in IN 34457 3409 8 the the DT 34457 3409 9 case case NN 34457 3409 10 of of IN 34457 3409 11 double double JJ 34457 3409 12 salts salt NNS 34457 3409 13 . . . 34457 3410 1 To to TO 34457 3410 2 illustrate illustrate VB 34457 3410 3 this this DT 34457 3410 4 , , , 34457 3410 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3410 6 shall shall MD 34457 3410 7 briefly briefly RB 34457 3410 8 discuss discuss VB 34457 3410 9 the the DT 34457 3410 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 3410 11 relations relation NNS 34457 3410 12 of of IN 34457 3410 13 a a DT 34457 3410 14 few few JJ 34457 3410 15 double double JJ 34457 3410 16 salts salt NNS 34457 3410 17 , , , 34457 3410 18 beginning begin VBG 34457 3410 19 with with IN 34457 3410 20 one one CD 34457 3410 21 of of IN 34457 3410 22 the the DT 34457 3410 23 simplest simple JJS 34457 3410 24 cases case NNS 34457 3410 25 , , , 34457 3410 26 that that DT 34457 3410 27 of of IN 34457 3410 28 the the DT 34457 3410 29 formation formation NN 34457 3410 30 of of IN 34457 3410 31 rubidium rubidium NN 34457 3410 32 racemate racemate NN 34457 3410 33 from from IN 34457 3410 34 rubidium rubidium NNP 34457 3410 35 _ _ NNP 34457 3410 36 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3410 37 and and CC 34457 3410 38 _ _ NNP 34457 3410 39 l_-tartrates l_-tartrates NNP 34457 3410 40 . . . 34457 3411 1 The the DT 34457 3411 2 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 3411 3 are be VBP 34457 3411 4 represented represent VBN 34457 3411 5 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 3411 6 in in IN 34457 3411 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3411 8 . . . 34457 3412 1 100 100 CD 34457 3412 2 , , , 34457 3412 3 the the DT 34457 3412 4 numerical numerical JJ 34457 3412 5 data datum NNS 34457 3412 6 being be VBG 34457 3412 7 contained contain VBN 34457 3412 8 in in IN 34457 3412 9 the the DT 34457 3412 10 following follow VBG 34457 3412 11 table table NN 34457 3412 12 , , , 34457 3412 13 in in IN 34457 3412 14 which which WDT 34457 3412 15 the the DT 34457 3412 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 3412 17 is be VBZ 34457 3412 18 expressed express VBN 34457 3412 19 as as IN 34457 3412 20 the the DT 34457 3412 21 number number NN 34457 3412 22 of of IN 34457 3412 23 gram gram NN 34457 3412 24 - - HYPH 34457 3412 25 molecules molecules NNP 34457 3412 26 Rb_{2}C_{4}H_{4}O_{6 Rb_{2}C_{4}H_{4}O_{6 NNP 34457 3412 27 } } -RRB- 34457 3412 28 in in IN 34457 3412 29 100 100 CD 34457 3412 30 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3412 31 of of IN 34457 3412 32 water water NN 34457 3412 33 . . . 34457 3413 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3413 2 346 346 CD 34457 3413 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3413 4 --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3413 5 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3413 6 . . . 34457 3414 1 | | NNP 34457 3414 2 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 3414 3 of of IN 34457 3414 4 tartrate tartrate NNP 34457 3414 5 | | NNP 34457 3414 6 Solubility Solubility NNP 34457 3414 7 of of IN 34457 3414 8 racemate racemate NN 34457 3414 9 . . . 34457 3415 1 | | NNS 34457 3415 2 mixture mixture NN 34457 3415 3 . . . 34457 3416 1 | | NNP 34457 3416 2 --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- SYM 34457 3416 3 25 25â CD 34457 3416 4 ° ° , 34457 3416 5 | | CD 34457 3416 6 13.03 13.03 CD 34457 3416 7 | | CD 34457 3416 8 10.91 10.91 CD 34457 3416 9 35 35 NNP 34457 3416 10 ° ° , 34457 3416 11 | | NNP 34457 3416 12 -- -- : 34457 3416 13 | | CD 34457 3416 14 12.63 12.63 CD 34457 3416 15 40.4 40.4â CD 34457 3416 16 ° ° , 34457 3416 17 | | NNP 34457 3416 18 -- -- : 34457 3416 19 | | CD 34457 3416 20 13.48 13.48 CD 34457 3416 21 40.7 40.7â CD 34457 3416 22 ° ° CD 34457 3416 23 | | CD 34457 3416 24 13.46 13.46 CD 34457 3416 25 | | NNS 34457 3416 26 -- -- : 34457 3416 27 54 54 NNP 34457 3416 28 ° ° , 34457 3416 29 | | CD 34457 3416 30 13.83 13.83 CD 34457 3416 31 | | CD 34457 3416 32 -- -- : 34457 3416 33 --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3416 34 In in IN 34457 3416 35 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3416 36 . . . 34457 3417 1 100 100 CD 34457 3417 2 the the DT 34457 3417 3 curve curve NN 34457 3417 4 AB AB NNP 34457 3417 5 represents represent VBZ 34457 3417 6 the the DT 34457 3417 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 3417 8 of of IN 34457 3417 9 the the DT 34457 3417 10 racemate racemate NN 34457 3417 11 , , , 34457 3417 12 while while IN 34457 3417 13 A'BC A'BC NNP 34457 3417 14 represents represent VBZ 34457 3417 15 the the DT 34457 3417 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 3417 17 of of IN 34457 3417 18 the the DT 34457 3417 19 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3417 20 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3417 21 . . . 34457 3418 1 Below below IN 34457 3418 2 the the DT 34457 3418 3 transition transition NN 34457 3418 4 point point NN 34457 3418 5 , , , 34457 3418 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3418 7 , , , 34457 3418 8 the the DT 34457 3418 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 3418 10 of of IN 34457 3418 11 the the DT 34457 3418 12 racemate racemate NN 34457 3418 13 is be VBZ 34457 3418 14 less less JJR 34457 3418 15 than than IN 34457 3418 16 that that DT 34457 3418 17 of of IN 34457 3418 18 the the DT 34457 3418 19 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3418 20 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3418 21 . . . 34457 3419 1 The the DT 34457 3419 2 solution solution NN 34457 3419 3 , , , 34457 3419 4 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3419 5 with with IN 34457 3419 6 respect respect NN 34457 3419 7 to to IN 34457 3419 8 the the DT 34457 3419 9 latter latter JJ 34457 3419 10 , , , 34457 3419 11 will will MD 34457 3419 12 be be VB 34457 3419 13 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3419 14 with with IN 34457 3419 15 respect respect NN 34457 3419 16 to to IN 34457 3419 17 the the DT 34457 3419 18 racemate racemate NN 34457 3419 19 ; ; : 34457 3419 20 and and CC 34457 3419 21 if if IN 34457 3419 22 a a DT 34457 3419 23 nucleus nucleus NN 34457 3419 24 of of IN 34457 3419 25 this this DT 34457 3419 26 is be VBZ 34457 3419 27 present present JJ 34457 3419 28 , , , 34457 3419 29 racemate racemate NN 34457 3419 30 will will MD 34457 3419 31 be be VB 34457 3419 32 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3419 33 , , , 34457 3419 34 and and CC 34457 3419 35 the the DT 34457 3419 36 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3419 37 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3419 38 , , , 34457 3419 39 if if IN 34457 3419 40 present present JJ 34457 3419 41 in in IN 34457 3419 42 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3419 43 amounts amount NNS 34457 3419 44 , , , 34457 3419 45 will will MD 34457 3419 46 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 3419 47 { { -LRB- 34457 3419 48 266 266 CD 34457 3419 49 } } -RRB- 34457 3419 50 entirely entirely RB 34457 3419 51 disappear disappear VBP 34457 3419 52 , , , 34457 3419 53 and and CC 34457 3419 54 only only RB 34457 3419 55 racemate racemate NN 34457 3419 56 will will MD 34457 3419 57 be be VB 34457 3419 58 left leave VBN 34457 3419 59 as as IN 34457 3419 60 solid solid JJ 34457 3419 61 phase phase NN 34457 3419 62 . . . 34457 3420 1 The the DT 34457 3420 2 solution solution NN 34457 3420 3 will will MD 34457 3420 4 then then RB 34457 3420 5 have have VB 34457 3420 6 the the DT 34457 3420 7 composition composition NN 34457 3420 8 represented represent VBN 34457 3420 9 by by IN 34457 3420 10 a a DT 34457 3420 11 point point NN 34457 3420 12 on on IN 34457 3420 13 the the DT 34457 3420 14 curve curve NN 34457 3420 15 AB ab NN 34457 3420 16 . . . 34457 3421 1 Conversely conversely RB 34457 3421 2 , , , 34457 3421 3 above above IN 34457 3421 4 the the DT 34457 3421 5 transition transition NN 34457 3421 6 point point NN 34457 3421 7 , , , 34457 3421 8 the the DT 34457 3421 9 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3421 10 solution solution NN 34457 3421 11 of of IN 34457 3421 12 the the DT 34457 3421 13 racemate racemate NN 34457 3421 14 would would MD 34457 3421 15 be be VB 34457 3421 16 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3421 17 with with IN 34457 3421 18 respect respect NN 34457 3421 19 to to IN 34457 3421 20 the the DT 34457 3421 21 two two CD 34457 3421 22 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3421 23 , , , 34457 3421 24 and and CC 34457 3421 25 transformation transformation NN 34457 3421 26 into into IN 34457 3421 27 the the DT 34457 3421 28 latter latter JJ 34457 3421 29 would would MD 34457 3421 30 ensue ensue VB 34457 3421 31 . . . 34457 3422 1 If if IN 34457 3422 2 , , , 34457 3422 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3422 4 , , , 34457 3422 5 a a DT 34457 3422 6 solution solution NN 34457 3422 7 of of IN 34457 3422 8 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3422 9 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3422 10 of of IN 34457 3422 11 rubidium rubidium NNP 34457 3422 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3422 13 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3422 14 and and CC 34457 3422 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3422 16 l_-tartrates l_-tartrates NNP 34457 3422 17 is be VBZ 34457 3422 18 allowed allow VBN 34457 3422 19 to to TO 34457 3422 20 evaporate evaporate VB 34457 3422 21 at at IN 34457 3422 22 a a DT 34457 3422 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 3422 24 above above IN 34457 3422 25 40 40â CD 34457 3422 26 ° ° NNS 34457 3422 27 , , , 34457 3422 28 a a DT 34457 3422 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 3422 30 of of IN 34457 3422 31 the the DT 34457 3422 32 two two CD 34457 3422 33 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3422 34 will will MD 34457 3422 35 be be VB 34457 3422 36 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3422 37 ; ; : 34457 3422 38 while while IN 34457 3422 39 at at IN 34457 3422 40 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3422 41 below below IN 34457 3422 42 40 40â CD 34457 3422 43 ° ° VBZ 34457 3422 44 the the DT 34457 3422 45 racemate racemate NN 34457 3422 46 will will MD 34457 3422 47 separate separate VB 34457 3422 48 out out RP 34457 3422 49 . . . 34457 3423 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3423 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3423 3 : : : 34457 3423 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3423 5 . . . 34457 3424 1 100 100 CD 34457 3424 2 . . . 34457 3424 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3425 1 Similar similar JJ 34457 3425 2 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3425 3 are be VBP 34457 3425 4 met meet VBN 34457 3425 5 with with IN 34457 3425 6 in in IN 34457 3425 7 the the DT 34457 3425 8 case case NN 34457 3425 9 of of IN 34457 3425 10 sodium sodium NN 34457 3425 11 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3425 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3425 13 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3425 14 and and CC 34457 3425 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3425 16 l_-tartrate l_-tartrate NNP 34457 3425 17 and and CC 34457 3425 18 sodium sodium NN 34457 3425 19 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3425 20 racemate racemate NN 34457 3425 21 ; ; : 34457 3425 22 but but CC 34457 3425 23 in in IN 34457 3425 24 this this DT 34457 3425 25 case case NN 34457 3425 26 the the DT 34457 3425 27 racemate racemate NN 34457 3425 28 is be VBZ 34457 3425 29 the the DT 34457 3425 30 stable stable JJ 34457 3425 31 form form NN 34457 3425 32 in in IN 34457 3425 33 contact contact NN 34457 3425 34 with with IN 34457 3425 35 solution solution NN 34457 3425 36 above above IN 34457 3425 37 the the DT 34457 3425 38 transition transition NN 34457 3425 39 point point NN 34457 3425 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3425 41 27 27â CD 34457 3425 42 ° ° NNS 34457 3425 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3425 44 . . . 34457 3426 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3426 2 347 347 CD 34457 3426 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3426 4 Below below IN 34457 3426 5 the the DT 34457 3426 6 transition transition NN 34457 3426 7 point point NN 34457 3426 8 , , , 34457 3426 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 3426 10 , , , 34457 3426 11 the the DT 34457 3426 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 3426 13 curve curve NN 34457 3426 14 of of IN 34457 3426 15 the the DT 34457 3426 16 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3426 17 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3426 18 will will MD 34457 3426 19 lie lie VB 34457 3426 20 below below IN 34457 3426 21 the the DT 34457 3426 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 3426 23 curve curve NN 34457 3426 24 of of IN 34457 3426 25 the the DT 34457 3426 26 racemate racemate NN 34457 3426 27 . . . 34457 3427 1 Below below IN 34457 3427 2 the the DT 34457 3427 3 transition transition NN 34457 3427 4 point point NN 34457 3427 5 , , , 34457 3427 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3427 7 , , , 34457 3427 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 3427 9 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3427 10 racemate racemate NN 34457 3427 11 will will MD 34457 3427 12 break break VB 34457 3427 13 up up RP 34457 3427 14 in in IN 34457 3427 15 contact contact NN 34457 3427 16 with with IN 34457 3427 17 solution solution NN 34457 3427 18 into into IN 34457 3427 19 a a DT 34457 3427 20 mixture mixture NN 34457 3427 21 of of IN 34457 3427 22 sodium sodium NN 34457 3427 23 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3427 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3427 25 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3427 26 and and CC 34457 3427 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3427 28 l_-tartrates l_-tartrates NNP 34457 3427 29 . . . 34457 3428 1 At at IN 34457 3428 2 a a DT 34457 3428 3 higher high JJR 34457 3428 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3428 5 , , , 34457 3428 6 35 35 NNP 34457 3428 7 ° ° NNS 34457 3428 8 , , , 34457 3428 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 3428 10 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3428 11 racemate racemate NN 34457 3428 12 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 3428 13 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3428 14 into into IN 34457 3428 15 sodium sodium NN 34457 3428 16 racemate racemate NN 34457 3428 17 and and CC 34457 3428 18 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3428 19 racemate racemate NN 34457 3428 20 . . . 34457 3429 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3429 2 348 348 CD 34457 3429 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3429 4 The the DT 34457 3429 5 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3429 6 of of IN 34457 3429 7 sodium sodium NN 34457 3429 8 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3429 9 racemate racemate NN 34457 3429 10 is be VBZ 34457 3429 11 of of IN 34457 3429 12 interest interest NN 34457 3429 13 from from IN 34457 3429 14 the the DT 34457 3429 15 fact fact NN 34457 3429 16 that that IN 34457 3429 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3429 18 was be VBD 34457 3429 19 the the DT 34457 3429 20 first first JJ 34457 3429 21 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3429 22 substance substance NN 34457 3429 23 to to TO 34457 3429 24 be be VB 34457 3429 25 resolved resolve VBN 34457 3429 26 into into IN 34457 3429 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3429 28 optically optically RB 34457 3429 29 active active JJ 34457 3429 30 forms form NNS 34457 3429 31 by by IN 34457 3429 32 a a DT 34457 3429 33 process process NN 34457 3429 34 of of IN 34457 3429 35 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3429 36 . . . 34457 3430 1 On on IN 34457 3430 2 neutralizing neutralize VBG 34457 3430 3 a a DT 34457 3430 4 solution solution NN 34457 3430 5 of of IN 34457 3430 6 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3430 7 tartaric tartaric NN 34457 3430 8 acid acid NN 34457 3430 9 , , , 34457 3430 10 half half NN 34457 3430 11 with with IN 34457 3430 12 soda soda NN 34457 3430 13 and and CC 34457 3430 14 half half NN 34457 3430 15 with with IN 34457 3430 16 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 3430 17 , , , 34457 3430 18 and and CC 34457 3430 19 allowing allow VBG 34457 3430 20 the the DT 34457 3430 21 solution solution NN 34457 3430 22 to to TO 34457 3430 23 evaporate evaporate VB 34457 3430 24 , , , 34457 3430 25 Pasteur[349 Pasteur[349 NNP 34457 3430 26 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3430 27 obtained obtain VBD 34457 3430 28 a a DT 34457 3430 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 3430 30 of of IN 34457 3430 31 sodium sodium NN 34457 3430 32 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3430 33 { { -LRB- 34457 3430 34 267 267 CD 34457 3430 35 } } -RRB- 34457 3430 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3430 37 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3430 38 and and CC 34457 3430 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3430 40 l_-tartrates l_-tartrates NNP 34457 3430 41 . . . 34457 3431 1 Since since IN 34457 3431 2 Pasteur Pasteur NNP 34457 3431 3 was be VBD 34457 3431 4 unaware unaware JJ 34457 3431 5 of of IN 34457 3431 6 the the DT 34457 3431 7 existence existence NN 34457 3431 8 of of IN 34457 3431 9 a a DT 34457 3431 10 transition transition NN 34457 3431 11 point point NN 34457 3431 12 , , , 34457 3431 13 the the DT 34457 3431 14 success success NN 34457 3431 15 of of IN 34457 3431 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3431 17 experiment experiment NN 34457 3431 18 was be VBD 34457 3431 19 due due JJ 34457 3431 20 to to IN 34457 3431 21 the the DT 34457 3431 22 happy happy JJ 34457 3431 23 chance chance NN 34457 3431 24 that that IN 34457 3431 25 he -PRON- PRP 34457 3431 26 allowed allow VBD 34457 3431 27 the the DT 34457 3431 28 solution solution NN 34457 3431 29 to to TO 34457 3431 30 evaporate evaporate VB 34457 3431 31 at at IN 34457 3431 32 a a DT 34457 3431 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 3431 34 below below IN 34457 3431 35 27 27â CD 34457 3431 36 ° ° NNS 34457 3431 37 ; ; , 34457 3431 38 for for IN 34457 3431 39 had have VBD 34457 3431 40 he -PRON- PRP 34457 3431 41 employed employ VBN 34457 3431 42 a a DT 34457 3431 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 3431 44 above above IN 34457 3431 45 this this DT 34457 3431 46 , , , 34457 3431 47 separation separation NN 34457 3431 48 of of IN 34457 3431 49 the the DT 34457 3431 50 racemate racemate NN 34457 3431 51 into into IN 34457 3431 52 the the DT 34457 3431 53 two two CD 34457 3431 54 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3431 55 forms form NNS 34457 3431 56 would would MD 34457 3431 57 not not RB 34457 3431 58 have have VB 34457 3431 59 occurred occur VBN 34457 3431 60 . . . 34457 3432 1 For for IN 34457 3432 2 this this DT 34457 3432 3 reason reason NN 34457 3432 4 the the DT 34457 3432 5 attempt attempt NN 34457 3432 6 of of IN 34457 3432 7 Staedel Staedel NNP 34457 3432 8 to to TO 34457 3432 9 perform perform VB 34457 3432 10 the the DT 34457 3432 11 same same JJ 34457 3432 12 resolution resolution NN 34457 3432 13 met meet VBD 34457 3432 14 only only RB 34457 3432 15 with with IN 34457 3432 16 failure failure NN 34457 3432 17 . . . 34457 3433 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3433 2 350 350 CD 34457 3433 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3433 4 Decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3433 5 of of IN 34457 3433 6 the the DT 34457 3433 7 Double Double NNP 34457 3433 8 Salt Salt NNP 34457 3433 9 by by IN 34457 3433 10 Water.--In Water.--In NNP 34457 3433 11 the the DT 34457 3433 12 two two CD 34457 3433 13 cases case NNS 34457 3433 14 just just RB 34457 3433 15 described describe VBN 34457 3433 16 , , , 34457 3433 17 the the DT 34457 3433 18 solubility solubility NN 34457 3433 19 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3433 20 at at IN 34457 3433 21 the the DT 34457 3433 22 transition transition NN 34457 3433 23 point point NN 34457 3433 24 are be VBP 34457 3433 25 of of IN 34457 3433 26 a a DT 34457 3433 27 simpler simple JJR 34457 3433 28 character character NN 34457 3433 29 than than IN 34457 3433 30 in in IN 34457 3433 31 the the DT 34457 3433 32 case case NN 34457 3433 33 of of IN 34457 3433 34 most most JJS 34457 3433 35 double double JJ 34457 3433 36 salts salt NNS 34457 3433 37 . . . 34457 3434 1 If if IN 34457 3434 2 , , , 34457 3434 3 at at IN 34457 3434 4 a a DT 34457 3434 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 3434 6 above above IN 34457 3434 7 the the DT 34457 3434 8 transition transition NN 34457 3434 9 point point NN 34457 3434 10 , , , 34457 3434 11 a a DT 34457 3434 12 mixture mixture NN 34457 3434 13 of of IN 34457 3434 14 rubidium rubidium NN 34457 3434 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3434 16 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3434 17 and and CC 34457 3434 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3434 19 l_-tartrates l_-tartrates NNP 34457 3434 20 in in IN 34457 3434 21 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3434 22 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3434 23 is be VBZ 34457 3434 24 brought bring VBN 34457 3434 25 in in IN 34457 3434 26 contact contact NN 34457 3434 27 with with IN 34457 3434 28 water water NN 34457 3434 29 a a DT 34457 3434 30 solution solution NN 34457 3434 31 will will MD 34457 3434 32 be be VB 34457 3434 33 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3434 34 , , , 34457 3434 35 which which WDT 34457 3434 36 is be VBZ 34457 3434 37 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3434 38 with with IN 34457 3434 39 respect respect NN 34457 3434 40 to to IN 34457 3434 41 both both CC 34457 3434 42 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3434 43 forms form NNS 34457 3434 44 ; ; : 34457 3434 45 and and CC 34457 3434 46 since since IN 34457 3434 47 the the DT 34457 3434 48 solubility solubility NN 34457 3434 49 of of IN 34457 3434 50 the the DT 34457 3434 51 two two CD 34457 3434 52 optical optical JJ 34457 3434 53 antipodes antipode NNS 34457 3434 54 is be VBZ 34457 3434 55 identical identical JJ 34457 3434 56 , , , 34457 3434 57 and and CC 34457 3434 58 the the DT 34457 3434 59 effect effect NN 34457 3434 60 of of IN 34457 3434 61 one one CD 34457 3434 62 on on IN 34457 3434 63 the the DT 34457 3434 64 solubility solubility NN 34457 3434 65 of of IN 34457 3434 66 the the DT 34457 3434 67 other other JJ 34457 3434 68 also also RB 34457 3434 69 the the DT 34457 3434 70 same same JJ 34457 3434 71 , , , 34457 3434 72 the the DT 34457 3434 73 solution solution NN 34457 3434 74 will will MD 34457 3434 75 contain contain VB 34457 3434 76 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3434 77 amounts amount NNS 34457 3434 78 of of IN 34457 3434 79 the the DT 34457 3434 80 _ _ NNP 34457 3434 81 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3434 82 and and CC 34457 3434 83 _ _ NNP 34457 3434 84 l_-salt l_-salt NNP 34457 3434 85 . . . 34457 3435 1 If if IN 34457 3435 2 , , , 34457 3435 3 now now RB 34457 3435 4 , , , 34457 3435 5 the the DT 34457 3435 6 solution solution NN 34457 3435 7 is be VBZ 34457 3435 8 cooled cool VBN 34457 3435 9 down down RP 34457 3435 10 in in IN 34457 3435 11 contact contact NN 34457 3435 12 with with IN 34457 3435 13 the the DT 34457 3435 14 solid solid JJ 34457 3435 15 salts salt NNS 34457 3435 16 to to IN 34457 3435 17 just just RB 34457 3435 18 below below IN 34457 3435 19 the the DT 34457 3435 20 transition transition NN 34457 3435 21 point point NN 34457 3435 22 , , , 34457 3435 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3435 24 becomes become VBZ 34457 3435 25 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3435 26 with with IN 34457 3435 27 respect respect NN 34457 3435 28 to to IN 34457 3435 29 the the DT 34457 3435 30 racemate racemate NN 34457 3435 31 , , , 34457 3435 32 and and CC 34457 3435 33 this this DT 34457 3435 34 will will MD 34457 3435 35 be be VB 34457 3435 36 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3435 37 . . . 34457 3436 1 The the DT 34457 3436 2 solution solution NN 34457 3436 3 thereby thereby RB 34457 3436 4 becomes become VBZ 34457 3436 5 unsaturated unsaturate VBN 34457 3436 6 with with IN 34457 3436 7 respect respect NN 34457 3436 8 to to IN 34457 3436 9 the the DT 34457 3436 10 mixture mixture NN 34457 3436 11 of of IN 34457 3436 12 the the DT 34457 3436 13 active active JJ 34457 3436 14 salts salt NNS 34457 3436 15 , , , 34457 3436 16 and and CC 34457 3436 17 these these DT 34457 3436 18 must must MD 34457 3436 19 therefore therefore RB 34457 3436 20 pass pass VB 34457 3436 21 into into IN 34457 3436 22 solution solution NN 34457 3436 23 . . . 34457 3437 1 As as IN 34457 3437 2 the the DT 34457 3437 3 latter latter JJ 34457 3437 4 are be VBP 34457 3437 5 equally equally RB 34457 3437 6 soluble soluble JJ 34457 3437 7 , , , 34457 3437 8 equal equal JJ 34457 3437 9 amounts amount NNS 34457 3437 10 of of IN 34457 3437 11 each each DT 34457 3437 12 will will MD 34457 3437 13 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 3437 14 , , , 34457 3437 15 and and CC 34457 3437 16 a a DT 34457 3437 17 further further JJ 34457 3437 18 quantity quantity NN 34457 3437 19 of of IN 34457 3437 20 the the DT 34457 3437 21 racemate racemate NN 34457 3437 22 will will MD 34457 3437 23 be be VB 34457 3437 24 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3437 25 . . . 34457 3438 1 These these DT 34457 3438 2 processes process NNS 34457 3438 3 of of IN 34457 3438 4 solution solution NN 34457 3438 5 and and CC 34457 3438 6 deposition deposition NN 34457 3438 7 will will MD 34457 3438 8 continue continue VB 34457 3438 9 until until IN 34457 3438 10 the the DT 34457 3438 11 single single JJ 34457 3438 12 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3438 13 have have VBP 34457 3438 14 completely completely RB 34457 3438 15 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 3438 16 , , , 34457 3438 17 and and CC 34457 3438 18 only only RB 34457 3438 19 racemate racemate NN 34457 3438 20 is be VBZ 34457 3438 21 left leave VBN 34457 3438 22 as as IN 34457 3438 23 solid solid JJ 34457 3438 24 phase phase NN 34457 3438 25 . . . 34457 3439 1 As as IN 34457 3439 2 a a DT 34457 3439 3 consequence consequence NN 34457 3439 4 of of IN 34457 3439 5 the the DT 34457 3439 6 identical identical JJ 34457 3439 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 3439 8 of of IN 34457 3439 9 the the DT 34457 3439 10 two two CD 34457 3439 11 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3439 12 , , , 34457 3439 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 3439 14 , , , 34457 3439 15 no no DT 34457 3439 16 excess excess NN 34457 3439 17 of of IN 34457 3439 18 either either DT 34457 3439 19 form form NN 34457 3439 20 will will MD 34457 3439 21 be be VB 34457 3439 22 left leave VBN 34457 3439 23 on on RP 34457 3439 24 passing pass VBG 34457 3439 25 through through IN 34457 3439 26 the the DT 34457 3439 27 transition transition NN 34457 3439 28 point point NN 34457 3439 29 . . . 34457 3440 1 From from IN 34457 3440 2 this this DT 34457 3440 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3440 4 will will MD 34457 3440 5 be be VB 34457 3440 6 evident evident JJ 34457 3440 7 that that IN 34457 3440 8 the the DT 34457 3440 9 racemate racemate NN 34457 3440 10 can can MD 34457 3440 11 exist exist VB 34457 3440 12 as as IN 34457 3440 13 single single JJ 34457 3440 14 solid solid JJ 34457 3440 15 phase phase NN 34457 3440 16 in in IN 34457 3440 17 contact contact NN 34457 3440 18 with with IN 34457 3440 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3440 20 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3440 21 solution solution NN 34457 3440 22 at at IN 34457 3440 23 the the DT 34457 3440 24 transition transition NN 34457 3440 25 point point NN 34457 3440 26 ; ; : 34457 3440 27 or or CC 34457 3440 28 , , , 34457 3440 29 in in IN 34457 3440 30 other other JJ 34457 3440 31 words word NNS 34457 3440 32 , , , 34457 3440 33 the the DT 34457 3440 34 racemate racemate NN 34457 3440 35 is be VBZ 34457 3440 36 not not RB 34457 3440 37 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3440 38 by by IN 34457 3440 39 water water NN 34457 3440 40 at at IN 34457 3440 41 the the DT 34457 3440 42 transition transition NN 34457 3440 43 point point NN 34457 3440 44 . . . 34457 3441 1 The the DT 34457 3441 2 same same JJ 34457 3441 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3441 4 will will MD 34457 3441 5 evidently evidently RB 34457 3441 6 be be VB 34457 3441 7 exhibited exhibit VBN 34457 3441 8 by by IN 34457 3441 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 3441 10 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3441 11 racemate racemate NN 34457 3441 12 at at IN 34457 3441 13 27 27â CD 34457 3441 14 ° ° NNS 34457 3441 15 , , , 34457 3441 16 for for IN 34457 3441 17 the the DT 34457 3441 18 two two CD 34457 3441 19 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3441 20 sodium sodium NN 34457 3441 21 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 3441 22 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 3441 23 have have VBP 34457 3441 24 also also RB 34457 3441 25 identical identical JJ 34457 3441 26 solubility solubility NN 34457 3441 27 . . . 34457 3442 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3442 2 268 268 CD 34457 3442 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3442 4 Very very RB 34457 3442 5 different different JJ 34457 3442 6 , , , 34457 3442 7 however however RB 34457 3442 8 , , , 34457 3442 9 is be VBZ 34457 3442 10 the the DT 34457 3442 11 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3442 12 of of IN 34457 3442 13 , , , 34457 3442 14 say say UH 34457 3442 15 , , , 34457 3442 16 astracanite astracanite VBP 34457 3442 17 , , , 34457 3442 18 or or CC 34457 3442 19 of of IN 34457 3442 20 the the DT 34457 3442 21 majority majority NN 34457 3442 22 of of IN 34457 3442 23 double double JJ 34457 3442 24 salts salt NNS 34457 3442 25 ; ; : 34457 3442 26 for for IN 34457 3442 27 the the DT 34457 3442 28 solubility solubility NN 34457 3442 29 of of IN 34457 3442 30 the the DT 34457 3442 31 constituent constituent NN 34457 3442 32 salts salts NN 34457 3442 33 is be VBZ 34457 3442 34 now now RB 34457 3442 35 no no RB 34457 3442 36 longer long RBR 34457 3442 37 the the DT 34457 3442 38 same same JJ 34457 3442 39 . . . 34457 3443 1 If if IN 34457 3443 2 , , , 34457 3443 3 for for IN 34457 3443 4 example example NN 34457 3443 5 , , , 34457 3443 6 excess excess NN 34457 3443 7 of of IN 34457 3443 8 a a DT 34457 3443 9 mixture mixture NN 34457 3443 10 of of IN 34457 3443 11 sodium sodium NN 34457 3443 12 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3443 13 and and CC 34457 3443 14 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3443 15 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3443 16 , , , 34457 3443 17 in in IN 34457 3443 18 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3443 19 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3443 20 , , , 34457 3443 21 is be VBZ 34457 3443 22 brought bring VBN 34457 3443 23 in in IN 34457 3443 24 contact contact NN 34457 3443 25 with with IN 34457 3443 26 water water NN 34457 3443 27 below below IN 34457 3443 28 the the DT 34457 3443 29 transition transition NN 34457 3443 30 point point NN 34457 3443 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3443 32 22 22â CD 34457 3443 33 ° ° NNS 34457 3443 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3443 35 , , , 34457 3443 36 more more JJR 34457 3443 37 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3443 38 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3443 39 than than IN 34457 3443 40 sodium sodium NN 34457 3443 41 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3443 42 will will MD 34457 3443 43 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 3443 44 , , , 34457 3443 45 the the DT 34457 3443 46 solubility solubility NN 34457 3443 47 of of IN 34457 3443 48 these these DT 34457 3443 49 two two CD 34457 3443 50 salts salt NNS 34457 3443 51 in in IN 34457 3443 52 a a DT 34457 3443 53 common common JJ 34457 3443 54 solution solution NN 34457 3443 55 being be VBG 34457 3443 56 given give VBN 34457 3443 57 by by IN 34457 3443 58 the the DT 34457 3443 59 following follow VBG 34457 3443 60 figures figure NNS 34457 3443 61 , , , 34457 3443 62 which which WDT 34457 3443 63 express express VBP 34457 3443 64 number number NN 34457 3443 65 of of IN 34457 3443 66 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3443 67 of of IN 34457 3443 68 the the DT 34457 3443 69 salt salt NN 34457 3443 70 in in IN 34457 3443 71 100 100 CD 34457 3443 72 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3443 73 of of IN 34457 3443 74 water water NN 34457 3443 75 . . . 34457 3444 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3444 2 351 351 CD 34457 3444 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3444 4 COMPOSITION composition NN 34457 3444 5 OF of IN 34457 3444 6 SOLUTIONS solution NNS 34457 3444 7 SATURATED saturate VBN 34457 3444 8 WITH with IN 34457 3444 9 RESPECT RESPECT NNS 34457 3444 10 TO to IN 34457 3444 11 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 3444 12 AND and CC 34457 3444 13 MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O. MgSO_{4},7H_{2}O. NNP 34457 3445 1 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3445 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3445 3 . . . 34457 3446 1 | | NNP 34457 3446 2 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 3446 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3446 4 . . . 34457 3447 1 | | NNS 34457 3447 2 MgSO_{4 mgso_{4 NN 34457 3447 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3447 4 . . . 34457 3448 1 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3448 2 18.5 18.5â CD 34457 3448 3 ° ° , 34457 3448 4 | | CD 34457 3448 5 2.16 2.16 CD 34457 3448 6 | | CD 34457 3448 7 4.57 4.57 CD 34457 3448 8 24.5 24.5â CD 34457 3448 9 ° ° , 34457 3448 10 | | CD 34457 3448 11 3.43 3.43 CD 34457 3448 12 | | CD 34457 3448 13 4.68 4.68 CD 34457 3448 14 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- . 34457 3448 15 At at IN 34457 3448 16 the the DT 34457 3448 17 transition transition NN 34457 3448 18 point point NN 34457 3448 19 , , , 34457 3448 20 then then RB 34457 3448 21 , , , 34457 3448 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3448 23 is be VBZ 34457 3448 24 evident evident JJ 34457 3448 25 that that IN 34457 3448 26 the the DT 34457 3448 27 solution solution NN 34457 3448 28 contains contain VBZ 34457 3448 29 more more JJR 34457 3448 30 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3448 31 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3448 32 than than IN 34457 3448 33 sodium sodium NN 34457 3448 34 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3448 35 : : : 34457 3448 36 and and CC 34457 3448 37 this this DT 34457 3448 38 must must MD 34457 3448 39 still still RB 34457 3448 40 be be VB 34457 3448 41 the the DT 34457 3448 42 case case NN 34457 3448 43 when when WRB 34457 3448 44 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3448 45 , , , 34457 3448 46 which which WDT 34457 3448 47 contains contain VBZ 34457 3448 48 sodium sodium NN 34457 3448 49 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3448 50 and and CC 34457 3448 51 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3448 52 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3448 53 in in IN 34457 3448 54 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3448 55 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3448 56 , , , 34457 3448 57 separates separate VBZ 34457 3448 58 out out RP 34457 3448 59 . . . 34457 3449 1 If if IN 34457 3449 2 , , , 34457 3449 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3449 4 , , , 34457 3449 5 the the DT 34457 3449 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 3449 7 is be VBZ 34457 3449 8 raised raise VBN 34457 3449 9 slightly slightly RB 34457 3449 10 above above IN 34457 3449 11 the the DT 34457 3449 12 transition transition NN 34457 3449 13 point point NN 34457 3449 14 , , , 34457 3449 15 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3449 16 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3449 17 and and CC 34457 3449 18 sodium sodium NN 34457 3449 19 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3449 20 will will MD 34457 3449 21 pass pass VB 34457 3449 22 into into IN 34457 3449 23 solution solution NN 34457 3449 24 , , , 34457 3449 25 the the DT 34457 3449 26 former former JJ 34457 3449 27 , , , 34457 3449 28 however however RB 34457 3449 29 , , , 34457 3449 30 in in IN 34457 3449 31 larger large JJR 34457 3449 32 quantities quantity NNS 34457 3449 33 than than IN 34457 3449 34 the the DT 34457 3449 35 latter latter JJ 34457 3449 36 , , , 34457 3449 37 and and CC 34457 3449 38 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3449 39 will will MD 34457 3449 40 be be VB 34457 3449 41 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3449 42 ; ; : 34457 3449 43 and and CC 34457 3449 44 this this DT 34457 3449 45 will will MD 34457 3449 46 go go VB 34457 3449 47 on on RP 34457 3449 48 until until IN 34457 3449 49 all all PDT 34457 3449 50 the the DT 34457 3449 51 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3449 52 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3449 53 has have VBZ 34457 3449 54 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 3449 55 , , , 34457 3449 56 and and CC 34457 3449 57 a a DT 34457 3449 58 mixture mixture NN 34457 3449 59 of of IN 34457 3449 60 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3449 61 and and CC 34457 3449 62 sodium sodium NN 34457 3449 63 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3449 64 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 3449 65 is be VBZ 34457 3449 66 left leave VBN 34457 3449 67 as as IN 34457 3449 68 solid solid JJ 34457 3449 69 phases phase NNS 34457 3449 70 . . . 34457 3450 1 Since since IN 34457 3450 2 there there EX 34457 3450 3 are be VBP 34457 3450 4 now now RB 34457 3450 5 three three CD 34457 3450 6 phases phase NNS 34457 3450 7 present present JJ 34457 3450 8 , , , 34457 3450 9 the the DT 34457 3450 10 system system NN 34457 3450 11 is be VBZ 34457 3450 12 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3450 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3450 14 by by IN 34457 3450 15 reason reason NN 34457 3450 16 of of IN 34457 3450 17 the the DT 34457 3450 18 restriction restriction NN 34457 3450 19 previously previously RB 34457 3450 20 made make VBD 34457 3450 21 that that IN 34457 3450 22 the the DT 34457 3450 23 vapour vapour NN 34457 3450 24 phase phase NN 34457 3450 25 is be VBZ 34457 3450 26 absent absent JJ 34457 3450 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3450 28 , , , 34457 3450 29 and and CC 34457 3450 30 at at IN 34457 3450 31 a a DT 34457 3450 32 given give VBN 34457 3450 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 3450 34 the the DT 34457 3450 35 solution solution NN 34457 3450 36 will will MD 34457 3450 37 have have VB 34457 3450 38 a a DT 34457 3450 39 definite definite JJ 34457 3450 40 composition composition NN 34457 3450 41 ; ; : 34457 3450 42 as as IN 34457 3450 43 given give VBN 34457 3450 44 in in IN 34457 3450 45 the the DT 34457 3450 46 following following JJ 34457 3450 47 table:-- table:-- '' 34457 3450 48 COMPOSITION composition NN 34457 3450 49 OF of IN 34457 3450 50 SOLUTIONS solution NNS 34457 3450 51 SATURATED saturate VBN 34457 3450 52 WITH with IN 34457 3450 53 RESPECT RESPECT NNS 34457 3450 54 TO to IN 34457 3450 55 Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O Na_{2}Mg(SO_{4})_{2},4H_{2}O NNP 34457 3450 56 AND and CC 34457 3450 57 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O. na_{2}so_{4},10h_{2}o. RB 34457 3451 1 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3451 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3451 3 . . . 34457 3452 1 | | NNP 34457 3452 2 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 3452 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3452 4 . . . 34457 3453 1 | | NNS 34457 3453 2 MgSO_{4 mgso_{4 NN 34457 3453 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3453 4 . . . 34457 3454 1 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3454 2 22 22â CD 34457 3454 3 ° ° , 34457 3454 4 | | CD 34457 3454 5 2.95 2.95 CD 34457 3454 6 | | CD 34457 3454 7 4.70 4.70 CD 34457 3454 8 24.5 24.5â CD 34457 3454 9 ° ° , 34457 3454 10 | | CD 34457 3454 11 3.45 3.45 CD 34457 3454 12 | | CD 34457 3454 13 3.62 3.62 CD 34457 3454 14 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3454 15 { { -LRB- 34457 3454 16 269 269 CD 34457 3454 17 } } -RRB- 34457 3454 18 From from IN 34457 3454 19 the the DT 34457 3454 20 above above JJ 34457 3454 21 figures figure NNS 34457 3454 22 , , , 34457 3454 23 therefore therefore RB 34457 3454 24 , , , 34457 3454 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3454 26 will will MD 34457 3454 27 be be VB 34457 3454 28 seen see VBN 34457 3454 29 that that IN 34457 3454 30 at at IN 34457 3454 31 a a DT 34457 3454 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 3454 33 just just RB 34457 3454 34 above above IN 34457 3454 35 the the DT 34457 3454 36 transition transition NN 34457 3454 37 point point NN 34457 3454 38 a a DT 34457 3454 39 solution solution NN 34457 3454 40 in in IN 34457 3454 41 contact contact NN 34457 3454 42 with with IN 34457 3454 43 the the DT 34457 3454 44 two two CD 34457 3454 45 solid solid JJ 34457 3454 46 phases phase NNS 34457 3454 47 , , , 34457 3454 48 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3454 49 and and CC 34457 3454 50 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3454 51 's 's POS 34457 3454 52 salt salt NN 34457 3454 53 , , , 34457 3454 54 contains contain VBZ 34457 3454 55 a a DT 34457 3454 56 relatively relatively RB 34457 3454 57 smaller small JJR 34457 3454 58 amount amount NN 34457 3454 59 of of IN 34457 3454 60 sodium sodium NN 34457 3454 61 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3454 62 than than IN 34457 3454 63 a a DT 34457 3454 64 pure pure JJ 34457 3454 65 solution solution NN 34457 3454 66 of of IN 34457 3454 67 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3454 68 would would MD 34457 3454 69 ; ; : 34457 3454 70 for for IN 34457 3454 71 in in IN 34457 3454 72 this this DT 34457 3454 73 case case NN 34457 3454 74 there there EX 34457 3454 75 would would MD 34457 3454 76 be be VB 34457 3454 77 equal equal JJ 34457 3454 78 molecular molecular JJ 34457 3454 79 amounts amount NNS 34457 3454 80 of of IN 34457 3454 81 Na_{2}SO_{4 na_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 3454 82 } } -RRB- 34457 3454 83 and and CC 34457 3454 84 MgSO_{4 mgso_{4 UH 34457 3454 85 } } -RRB- 34457 3454 86 . . . 34457 3455 1 A a DT 34457 3455 2 solution solution NN 34457 3455 3 which which WDT 34457 3455 4 is be VBZ 34457 3455 5 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3455 6 with with IN 34457 3455 7 respect respect NN 34457 3455 8 to to TO 34457 3455 9 astracanite astracanite VB 34457 3455 10 alone alone RB 34457 3455 11 , , , 34457 3455 12 will will MD 34457 3455 13 contain contain VB 34457 3455 14 more more JJR 34457 3455 15 sodium sodium NN 34457 3455 16 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3455 17 than than IN 34457 3455 18 the the DT 34457 3455 19 solution solution NN 34457 3455 20 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3455 21 with with IN 34457 3455 22 respect respect NN 34457 3455 23 to to IN 34457 3455 24 astracanite astracanite VB 34457 3455 25 plus plus CC 34457 3455 26 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3455 27 's 's POS 34457 3455 28 salt salt NN 34457 3455 29 , , , 34457 3455 30 and and CC 34457 3455 31 the the DT 34457 3455 32 latter latter JJ 34457 3455 33 will will MD 34457 3455 34 therefore therefore RB 34457 3455 35 be be VB 34457 3455 36 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3455 37 . . . 34457 3456 1 From from IN 34457 3456 2 this this DT 34457 3456 3 , , , 34457 3456 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3456 5 , , , 34457 3456 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3456 7 is be VBZ 34457 3456 8 clear clear JJ 34457 3456 9 that that IN 34457 3456 10 if if IN 34457 3456 11 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3456 12 is be VBZ 34457 3456 13 brought bring VBN 34457 3456 14 in in IN 34457 3456 15 contact contact NN 34457 3456 16 with with IN 34457 3456 17 water water NN 34457 3456 18 at at IN 34457 3456 19 about about IN 34457 3456 20 the the DT 34457 3456 21 transition transition NN 34457 3456 22 point point NN 34457 3456 23 , , , 34457 3456 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3456 25 will will MD 34457 3456 26 undergo undergo VB 34457 3456 27 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3456 28 with with IN 34457 3456 29 separation separation NN 34457 3456 30 of of IN 34457 3456 31 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3456 32 's 's POS 34457 3456 33 salt salt NN 34457 3456 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3456 35 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 3456 36 being be VBG 34457 3456 37 excluded exclude VBN 34457 3456 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3456 39 . . . 34457 3457 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3457 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3457 3 : : : 34457 3457 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3457 5 . . . 34457 3458 1 101 101 CD 34457 3458 2 . . . 34457 3458 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3459 1 This this DT 34457 3459 2 will will MD 34457 3459 3 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 3459 4 be be VB 34457 3459 5 made make VBN 34457 3459 6 clearer clear JJR 34457 3459 7 by by IN 34457 3459 8 considering consider VBG 34457 3459 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3459 10 . . . 34457 3460 1 101 101 CD 34457 3460 2 . . . 34457 3461 1 In in IN 34457 3461 2 this this DT 34457 3461 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 3461 4 the the DT 34457 3461 5 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3461 6 represent represent VBP 34457 3461 7 the the DT 34457 3461 8 ratio ratio NN 34457 3461 9 of of IN 34457 3461 10 sodium sodium NN 34457 3461 11 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3461 12 to to IN 34457 3461 13 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3461 14 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3461 15 in in IN 34457 3461 16 the the DT 34457 3461 17 solutions solution NNS 34457 3461 18 , , , 34457 3461 19 and and CC 34457 3461 20 the the DT 34457 3461 21 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 3461 22 ¦ ¦ TO 34457 3461 23 represent represent VBP 34457 3461 24 the the DT 34457 3461 25 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3461 26 . . . 34457 3462 1 The the DT 34457 3462 2 line line NN 34457 3462 3 AB AB NNP 34457 3462 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 3462 5 solutions solution NNS 34457 3462 6 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3462 7 with with IN 34457 3462 8 respect respect NN 34457 3462 9 to to IN 34457 3462 10 a a DT 34457 3462 11 mixture mixture NN 34457 3462 12 of of IN 34457 3462 13 the the DT 34457 3462 14 single single JJ 34457 3462 15 salts salt NNS 34457 3462 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3462 17 p. p. NN 34457 3462 18 268 268 CD 34457 3462 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3462 20 ; ; : 34457 3462 21 BC BC NNP 34457 3462 22 refers refer VBZ 34457 3462 23 to to IN 34457 3462 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 3462 25 in in IN 34457 3462 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3462 27 with with IN 34457 3462 28 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3462 29 and and CC 34457 3462 30 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3462 31 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3462 32 ; ; : 34457 3462 33 while while IN 34457 3462 34 BX BX NNP 34457 3462 35 represents represent VBZ 34457 3462 36 the the DT 34457 3462 37 composition composition NN 34457 3462 38 of of IN 34457 3462 39 solutions solution NNS 34457 3462 40 in in IN 34457 3462 41 contact contact NN 34457 3462 42 with with IN 34457 3462 43 the the DT 34457 3462 44 solid solid JJ 34457 3462 45 phases phase NNS 34457 3462 46 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3462 47 and and CC 34457 3462 48 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3462 49 's 's POS 34457 3462 50 salt salt NN 34457 3462 51 . . . 34457 3463 1 The the DT 34457 3463 2 values value NNS 34457 3463 3 of of IN 34457 3463 4 the the DT 34457 3463 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 3463 6 are be VBP 34457 3463 7 contained contain VBN 34457 3463 8 in in IN 34457 3463 9 the the DT 34457 3463 10 following follow VBG 34457 3463 11 table table NN 34457 3463 12 , , , 34457 3463 13 and and CC 34457 3463 14 in in IN 34457 3463 15 that that DT 34457 3463 16 on on IN 34457 3463 17 p. p. NN 34457 3463 18 268 268 CD 34457 3463 19 , , , 34457 3463 20 and and CC 34457 3463 21 are be VBP 34457 3463 22 , , , 34457 3463 23 as as IN 34457 3463 24 before before RB 34457 3463 25 , , , 34457 3463 26 expressed express VBN 34457 3463 27 in in IN 34457 3463 28 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3463 29 of of IN 34457 3463 30 salt salt NN 34457 3463 31 in in IN 34457 3463 32 100 100 CD 34457 3463 33 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3463 34 of of IN 34457 3463 35 water water NN 34457 3463 36 . . . 34457 3464 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3464 2 352 352 CD 34457 3464 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3464 4 { { -LRB- 34457 3464 5 270 270 CD 34457 3464 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3464 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3464 8 | | NNP 34457 3464 9 Astracanite Astracanite NNP 34457 3464 10 | | NNS 34457 3464 11 Astracanite Astracanite NNP 34457 3464 12 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3464 13 . . . 34457 3465 1 | | NNS 34457 3465 2 + + CC 34457 3465 3 sodium sodium NN 34457 3465 4 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3465 5 . . . 34457 3466 1 | | CD 34457 3466 2 + + SYM 34457 3466 3 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3466 4 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3466 5 . . . 34457 3467 1 |----------------------------|------------------------------ |----------------------------|------------------------------ NNP 34457 3467 2 | | NNP 34457 3467 3 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 3467 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3467 5 . . . 34457 3468 1 | | NNS 34457 3468 2 MgSO_{4 mgso_{4 NN 34457 3468 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3468 4 . . . 34457 3469 1 | | NNP 34457 3469 2 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 3469 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3469 4 . . . 34457 3470 1 | | NNS 34457 3470 2 MgSO_{4 mgso_{4 NN 34457 3470 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3470 4 . . . 34457 3471 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3471 2 18.5 18.5â CD 34457 3471 3 ° ° , 34457 3471 4 | | NNP 34457 3471 5 -- -- : 34457 3471 6 | | NNP 34457 3471 7 -- -- : 34457 3471 8 | | NNP 34457 3471 9 3.41 3.41 CD 34457 3471 10 | | CD 34457 3471 11 4.27 4.27 CD 34457 3471 12 22 22â CD 34457 3471 13 ° ° , 34457 3471 14 | | NNP 34457 3471 15 2.95 2.95 CD 34457 3471 16 | | CD 34457 3471 17 4.70 4.70 CD 34457 3471 18 | | CD 34457 3471 19 2.85 2.85 CD 34457 3471 20 | | CD 34457 3471 21 4.63 4.63 CD 34457 3471 22 24.5 24.5â CD 34457 3471 23 ° ° , 34457 3471 24 | | CD 34457 3471 25 3.45 3.45 CD 34457 3471 26 | | CD 34457 3471 27 3.62 3.62 CD 34457 3471 28 | | CD 34457 3471 29 2.68 2.68 CD 34457 3471 30 | | CD 34457 3471 31 4.76 4.76 CD 34457 3471 32 30 30â CD 34457 3471 33 ° ° , 34457 3471 34 | | CD 34457 3471 35 4.58 4.58 CD 34457 3471 36 | | CD 34457 3471 37 2.91 2.91 CD 34457 3471 38 | | CD 34457 3471 39 2.30 2.30 CD 34457 3471 40 | | CD 34457 3471 41 5.31 5.31 CD 34457 3471 42 35 35 NNP 34457 3471 43 ° ° , 34457 3471 44 | | CD 34457 3471 45 4.30 4.30 CD 34457 3471 46 | | CD 34457 3471 47 2.76 2.76 CD 34457 3471 48 | | CD 34457 3471 49 1.73 1.73 CD 34457 3471 50 | | CD 34457 3471 51 5.88 5.88 CD 34457 3471 52 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3471 53 At at IN 34457 3471 54 the the DT 34457 3471 55 transition transition NN 34457 3471 56 point point VBP 34457 3471 57 the the DT 34457 3471 58 ratio ratio NN 34457 3471 59 of of IN 34457 3471 60 sodium sodium NN 34457 3471 61 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3471 62 to to IN 34457 3471 63 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3471 64 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3471 65 is be VBZ 34457 3471 66 approximately approximately RB 34457 3471 67 1 1 CD 34457 3471 68 : : SYM 34457 3471 69 1.6 1.6 CD 34457 3471 70 . . . 34457 3472 1 In in IN 34457 3472 2 the the DT 34457 3472 3 case case NN 34457 3472 4 of of IN 34457 3472 5 solutions solution NNS 34457 3472 6 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3472 7 with with IN 34457 3472 8 respect respect NN 34457 3472 9 to to IN 34457 3472 10 both both DT 34457 3472 11 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3472 12 and and CC 34457 3472 13 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3472 14 's 's POS 34457 3472 15 salt salt NN 34457 3472 16 , , , 34457 3472 17 the the DT 34457 3472 18 relative relative JJ 34457 3472 19 amount amount NN 34457 3472 20 of of IN 34457 3472 21 sodium sodium NN 34457 3472 22 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3472 23 increases increase NNS 34457 3472 24 as as IN 34457 3472 25 the the DT 34457 3472 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3472 27 rises rise VBZ 34457 3472 28 , , , 34457 3472 29 while while IN 34457 3472 30 in in IN 34457 3472 31 the the DT 34457 3472 32 solutions solution NNS 34457 3472 33 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3472 34 for for IN 34457 3472 35 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3472 36 and and CC 34457 3472 37 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3472 38 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3472 39 , , , 34457 3472 40 the the DT 34457 3472 41 ratio ratio NN 34457 3472 42 of of IN 34457 3472 43 sodium sodium NN 34457 3472 44 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3472 45 to to IN 34457 3472 46 magnesium magnesium JJ 34457 3472 47 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3472 48 decreases decrease NNS 34457 3472 49 . . . 34457 3473 1 If if IN 34457 3473 2 , , , 34457 3473 3 now now RB 34457 3473 4 , , , 34457 3473 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3473 6 consider consider VBP 34457 3473 7 only only RB 34457 3473 8 the the DT 34457 3473 9 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3473 10 above above IN 34457 3473 11 the the DT 34457 3473 12 transition transition NN 34457 3473 13 point point NN 34457 3473 14 , , , 34457 3473 15 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3473 16 see see VBP 34457 3473 17 from from IN 34457 3473 18 the the DT 34457 3473 19 figure figure NN 34457 3473 20 that that IN 34457 3473 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 3473 22 represented represent VBN 34457 3473 23 by by IN 34457 3473 24 points point NNS 34457 3473 25 above above IN 34457 3473 26 the the DT 34457 3473 27 line line NN 34457 3473 28 BX BX NNP 34457 3473 29 contain contain VBP 34457 3473 30 relatively relatively RB 34457 3473 31 more more JJR 34457 3473 32 sodium sodium NN 34457 3473 33 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3473 34 than than IN 34457 3473 35 solutions solution NNS 34457 3473 36 in in IN 34457 3473 37 contact contact NN 34457 3473 38 with with IN 34457 3473 39 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3473 40 and and CC 34457 3473 41 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3473 42 's 's POS 34457 3473 43 salt salt NN 34457 3473 44 ; ; , 34457 3473 45 and and CC 34457 3473 46 solutions solution NNS 34457 3473 47 lying lie VBG 34457 3473 48 below below IN 34457 3473 49 the the DT 34457 3473 50 line line NN 34457 3473 51 BC BC NNP 34457 3473 52 contain contain VBP 34457 3473 53 relatively relatively RB 34457 3473 54 more more JJR 34457 3473 55 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3473 56 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3473 57 than than IN 34457 3473 58 solutions solution NNS 34457 3473 59 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3473 60 with with IN 34457 3473 61 this this DT 34457 3473 62 salt salt NN 34457 3473 63 and and CC 34457 3473 64 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3473 65 . . . 34457 3474 1 These these DT 34457 3474 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 3474 3 will will MD 34457 3474 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3474 5 not not RB 34457 3474 6 be be VB 34457 3474 7 stable stable JJ 34457 3474 8 , , , 34457 3474 9 but but CC 34457 3474 10 will will MD 34457 3474 11 deposit deposit VB 34457 3474 12 in in IN 34457 3474 13 the the DT 34457 3474 14 one one CD 34457 3474 15 case case NN 34457 3474 16 , , , 34457 3474 17 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3474 18 and and CC 34457 3474 19 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 3474 20 's 's POS 34457 3474 21 salt salt NN 34457 3474 22 , , , 34457 3474 23 and and CC 34457 3474 24 in in IN 34457 3474 25 the the DT 34457 3474 26 other other JJ 34457 3474 27 case case NN 34457 3474 28 , , , 34457 3474 29 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3474 30 and and CC 34457 3474 31 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3474 32 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3474 33 , , , 34457 3474 34 until until IN 34457 3474 35 a a DT 34457 3474 36 point point NN 34457 3474 37 on on IN 34457 3474 38 BX BX NNP 34457 3474 39 or or CC 34457 3474 40 BC BC NNP 34457 3474 41 is be VBZ 34457 3474 42 reached reach VBN 34457 3474 43 . . . 34457 3475 1 All all DT 34457 3475 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 3475 3 , , , 34457 3475 4 however however RB 34457 3475 5 , , , 34457 3475 6 lying lie VBG 34457 3475 7 to to IN 34457 3475 8 the the DT 34457 3475 9 right right NN 34457 3475 10 of of IN 34457 3475 11 CBX CBX NNP 34457 3475 12 , , , 34457 3475 13 will will MD 34457 3475 14 be be VB 34457 3475 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3475 16 unsaturated unsaturate VBN 34457 3475 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3475 18 with with IN 34457 3475 19 respect respect NN 34457 3475 20 to to IN 34457 3475 21 these these DT 34457 3475 22 two two CD 34457 3475 23 pairs pair NNS 34457 3475 24 of of IN 34457 3475 25 salts salt NNS 34457 3475 26 , , , 34457 3475 27 and and CC 34457 3475 28 only only RB 34457 3475 29 the the DT 34457 3475 30 solutions solution NNS 34457 3475 31 represented represent VBN 34457 3475 32 by by IN 34457 3475 33 the the DT 34457 3475 34 line line NN 34457 3475 35 XY XY NNP 34457 3475 36 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3475 37 and and CC 34457 3475 38 which which WDT 34457 3475 39 contain contain VBP 34457 3475 40 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3475 41 amounts amount NNS 34457 3475 42 of of IN 34457 3475 43 sodium sodium NN 34457 3475 44 and and CC 34457 3475 45 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3475 46 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 3475 47 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3475 48 will will MD 34457 3475 49 be be VB 34457 3475 50 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3475 51 with with IN 34457 3475 52 respect respect NN 34457 3475 53 to to IN 34457 3475 54 the the DT 34457 3475 55 pure pure JJ 34457 3475 56 double double JJ 34457 3475 57 salt salt NN 34457 3475 58 . . . 34457 3476 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 3476 2 Interval.--Fig Interval.--Fig NNP 34457 3476 3 . . . 34457 3477 1 101 101 CD 34457 3477 2 will will MD 34457 3477 3 also also RB 34457 3477 4 render render VB 34457 3477 5 intelligible intelligible JJ 34457 3477 6 a a DT 34457 3477 7 point point NN 34457 3477 8 of of IN 34457 3477 9 great great JJ 34457 3477 10 importance importance NN 34457 3477 11 in in IN 34457 3477 12 connection connection NN 34457 3477 13 with with IN 34457 3477 14 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3477 15 , , , 34457 3477 16 and and CC 34457 3477 17 of of IN 34457 3477 18 double double JJ 34457 3477 19 salts salt NNS 34457 3477 20 generally generally RB 34457 3477 21 . . . 34457 3478 1 At at IN 34457 3478 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3478 3 between between IN 34457 3478 4 those those DT 34457 3478 5 represented represent VBN 34457 3478 6 by by IN 34457 3478 7 the the DT 34457 3478 8 points point NNS 34457 3478 9 B B NNP 34457 3478 10 and and CC 34457 3478 11 X X NNP 34457 3478 12 , , , 34457 3478 13 the the DT 34457 3478 14 double double JJ 34457 3478 15 salt salt NN 34457 3478 16 when when WRB 34457 3478 17 brought bring VBN 34457 3478 18 in in RP 34457 3478 19 contact contact NN 34457 3478 20 with with IN 34457 3478 21 water water NN 34457 3478 22 will will MD 34457 3478 23 be be VB 34457 3478 24 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3478 25 with with IN 34457 3478 26 separation separation NN 34457 3478 27 of of IN 34457 3478 28 sodium sodium NN 34457 3478 29 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3478 30 . . . 34457 3479 1 Above above IN 34457 3479 2 the the DT 34457 3479 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3479 4 of of IN 34457 3479 5 the the DT 34457 3479 6 point point NN 34457 3479 7 { { -LRB- 34457 3479 8 271 271 CD 34457 3479 9 } } -RRB- 34457 3479 10 X X NNS 34457 3479 11 , , , 34457 3479 12 however however RB 34457 3479 13 , , , 34457 3479 14 the the DT 34457 3479 15 solution solution NN 34457 3479 16 of of IN 34457 3479 17 the the DT 34457 3479 18 pure pure JJ 34457 3479 19 double double JJ 34457 3479 20 salt salt NN 34457 3479 21 is be VBZ 34457 3479 22 stable stable JJ 34457 3479 23 , , , 34457 3479 24 because because IN 34457 3479 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3479 26 can can MD 34457 3479 27 still still RB 34457 3479 28 take take VB 34457 3479 29 up up RP 34457 3479 30 a a DT 34457 3479 31 little little JJ 34457 3479 32 of of IN 34457 3479 33 either either DT 34457 3479 34 of of IN 34457 3479 35 the the DT 34457 3479 36 components component NNS 34457 3479 37 . . . 34457 3480 1 At at IN 34457 3480 2 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3480 3 , , , 34457 3480 4 then then RB 34457 3480 5 , , , 34457 3480 6 above above IN 34457 3480 7 that that DT 34457 3480 8 at at IN 34457 3480 9 which which WDT 34457 3480 10 the the DT 34457 3480 11 solution solution NN 34457 3480 12 in in IN 34457 3480 13 contact contact NN 34457 3480 14 with with IN 34457 3480 15 the the DT 34457 3480 16 double double JJ 34457 3480 17 salt salt NN 34457 3480 18 and and CC 34457 3480 19 the the DT 34457 3480 20 less less RBR 34457 3480 21 soluble soluble JJ 34457 3480 22 single single JJ 34457 3480 23 salt salt NN 34457 3480 24 , , , 34457 3480 25 contains contain VBZ 34457 3480 26 the the DT 34457 3480 27 single single JJ 34457 3480 28 salts salt NNS 34457 3480 29 in in IN 34457 3480 30 the the DT 34457 3480 31 ratio ratio NN 34457 3480 32 in in IN 34457 3480 33 which which WDT 34457 3480 34 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3480 35 are be VBP 34457 3480 36 present present JJ 34457 3480 37 in in IN 34457 3480 38 the the DT 34457 3480 39 double double JJ 34457 3480 40 salt salt NN 34457 3480 41 , , , 34457 3480 42 solution solution NN 34457 3480 43 of of IN 34457 3480 44 the the DT 34457 3480 45 latter latter NN 34457 3480 46 will will MD 34457 3480 47 take take VB 34457 3480 48 place place NN 34457 3480 49 without without IN 34457 3480 50 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3480 51 . . . 34457 3481 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3481 2 The the DT 34457 3481 3 range range NN 34457 3481 4 of of IN 34457 3481 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 3481 6 between between IN 34457 3481 7 that that DT 34457 3481 8 at at IN 34457 3481 9 which which WDT 34457 3481 10 double double JJ 34457 3481 11 salt salt NN 34457 3481 12 can can MD 34457 3481 13 begin begin VB 34457 3481 14 to to TO 34457 3481 15 be be VB 34457 3481 16 formed form VBN 34457 3481 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3481 18 the the DT 34457 3481 19 transition transition NN 34457 3481 20 point point NN 34457 3481 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3481 22 and and CC 34457 3481 23 that that IN 34457 3481 24 at at IN 34457 3481 25 which which WDT 34457 3481 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3481 27 ceases cease VBZ 34457 3481 28 to to TO 34457 3481 29 be be VB 34457 3481 30 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3481 31 by by IN 34457 3481 32 water water NN 34457 3481 33 is be VBZ 34457 3481 34 called call VBN 34457 3481 35 the the DT 34457 3481 36 transition transition NN 34457 3481 37 interval._[353 interval._[353 . 34457 3481 38 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3481 39 If if IN 34457 3481 40 the the DT 34457 3481 41 two two CD 34457 3481 42 single single JJ 34457 3481 43 salts salt NNS 34457 3481 44 have have VBP 34457 3481 45 identical identical JJ 34457 3481 46 solubility solubility NN 34457 3481 47 at at IN 34457 3481 48 the the DT 34457 3481 49 transition transition NN 34457 3481 50 point point NN 34457 3481 51 , , , 34457 3481 52 the the DT 34457 3481 53 transition transition NN 34457 3481 54 interval interval NN 34457 3481 55 diminishes diminishe NNS 34457 3481 56 to to IN 34457 3481 57 nought nought NN 34457 3481 58 . . . 34457 3482 1 In in IN 34457 3482 2 those those DT 34457 3482 3 cases case NNS 34457 3482 4 where where WRB 34457 3482 5 the the DT 34457 3482 6 double double JJ 34457 3482 7 salt salt NN 34457 3482 8 is be VBZ 34457 3482 9 the the DT 34457 3482 10 stable stable JJ 34457 3482 11 form form NN 34457 3482 12 below below IN 34457 3482 13 the the DT 34457 3482 14 transition transition NN 34457 3482 15 point point NN 34457 3482 16 , , , 34457 3482 17 the the DT 34457 3482 18 transition transition NN 34457 3482 19 interval interval NN 34457 3482 20 will will MD 34457 3482 21 extend extend VB 34457 3482 22 downwards downwards RB 34457 3482 23 to to IN 34457 3482 24 a a DT 34457 3482 25 lower low JJR 34457 3482 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3482 27 . . . 34457 3483 1 Fig fig NN 34457 3483 2 . . . 34457 3484 1 101 101 CD 34457 3484 2 will will MD 34457 3484 3 then then RB 34457 3484 4 have have VB 34457 3484 5 the the DT 34457 3484 6 reverse reverse JJ 34457 3484 7 form form NN 34457 3484 8 . . . 34457 3485 1 Summary.--With Summary.--With , 34457 3485 2 regard regard NN 34457 3485 3 to to IN 34457 3485 4 double double JJ 34457 3485 5 salts salt NNS 34457 3485 6 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3485 7 have have VBP 34457 3485 8 learned learn VBN 34457 3485 9 that that IN 34457 3485 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3485 11 formation formation NN 34457 3485 12 from from IN 34457 3485 13 and and CC 34457 3485 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3485 15 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3485 16 into into IN 34457 3485 17 the the DT 34457 3485 18 single single JJ 34457 3485 19 salts salt NNS 34457 3485 20 , , , 34457 3485 21 is be VBZ 34457 3485 22 connected connect VBN 34457 3485 23 with with IN 34457 3485 24 a a DT 34457 3485 25 definite definite JJ 34457 3485 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3485 27 , , , 34457 3485 28 the the DT 34457 3485 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3485 30 transition transition NN 34457 3485 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 3485 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3485 33 . . . 34457 3486 1 At at IN 34457 3486 2 this this DT 34457 3486 3 transition transition NN 34457 3486 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3486 5 two two CD 34457 3486 6 vapour vapour NN 34457 3486 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 3486 8 curves curve NNS 34457 3486 9 cut cut NN 34457 3486 10 , , , 34457 3486 11 viz viz NN 34457 3486 12 . . . 34457 3487 1 a a DT 34457 3487 2 curve curve NN 34457 3487 3 of of IN 34457 3487 4 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 3487 5 of of IN 34457 3487 6 a a DT 34457 3487 7 mixture mixture NN 34457 3487 8 of of IN 34457 3487 9 the the DT 34457 3487 10 single single JJ 34457 3487 11 salts salt NNS 34457 3487 12 and and CC 34457 3487 13 the the DT 34457 3487 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 3487 15 curve curve NN 34457 3487 16 of of IN 34457 3487 17 the the DT 34457 3487 18 double double JJ 34457 3487 19 salt salt NN 34457 3487 20 ; ; : 34457 3487 21 or or CC 34457 3487 22 the the DT 34457 3487 23 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 3487 24 curve curve NN 34457 3487 25 of of IN 34457 3487 26 the the DT 34457 3487 27 double double JJ 34457 3487 28 salt salt NN 34457 3487 29 and and CC 34457 3487 30 the the DT 34457 3487 31 solubility solubility NN 34457 3487 32 curve curve NN 34457 3487 33 of of IN 34457 3487 34 the the DT 34457 3487 35 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3487 36 single single JJ 34457 3487 37 salts salt NNS 34457 3487 38 . . . 34457 3488 1 The the DT 34457 3488 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 3488 3 curves curve VBZ 34457 3488 4 , , , 34457 3488 5 also also RB 34457 3488 6 , , , 34457 3488 7 of of IN 34457 3488 8 these these DT 34457 3488 9 two two CD 34457 3488 10 systems system NNS 34457 3488 11 intersect intersect VBP 34457 3488 12 at at IN 34457 3488 13 the the DT 34457 3488 14 transition transition NN 34457 3488 15 point point NN 34457 3488 16 , , , 34457 3488 17 but but CC 34457 3488 18 although although IN 34457 3488 19 the the DT 34457 3488 20 formation formation NN 34457 3488 21 of of IN 34457 3488 22 the the DT 34457 3488 23 double double JJ 34457 3488 24 salt salt NN 34457 3488 25 commences commence NNS 34457 3488 26 at at IN 34457 3488 27 the the DT 34457 3488 28 transition transition NN 34457 3488 29 point point NN 34457 3488 30 , , , 34457 3488 31 complete complete JJ 34457 3488 32 stability stability NN 34457 3488 33 in in IN 34457 3488 34 contact contact NN 34457 3488 35 with with IN 34457 3488 36 water water NN 34457 3488 37 may may MD 34457 3488 38 not not RB 34457 3488 39 be be VB 34457 3488 40 attained attain VBN 34457 3488 41 till till IN 34457 3488 42 some some DT 34457 3488 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 3488 44 above above RB 34457 3488 45 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3488 46 or or CC 34457 3488 47 below below IN 34457 3488 48 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3488 49 that that DT 34457 3488 50 point point NN 34457 3488 51 . . . 34457 3489 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3489 2 Only only RB 34457 3489 3 when when WRB 34457 3489 4 the the DT 34457 3489 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 3489 6 is be VBZ 34457 3489 7 beyond beyond IN 34457 3489 8 the the DT 34457 3489 9 transition transition NN 34457 3489 10 interval interval NN 34457 3489 11 , , , 34457 3489 12 will will MD 34457 3489 13 a a DT 34457 3489 14 double double JJ 34457 3489 15 salt salt NN 34457 3489 16 dissolve dissolve NN 34457 3489 17 in in IN 34457 3489 18 water water NN 34457 3489 19 without without IN 34457 3489 20 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3489 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3489 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3489 23 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3489 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3489 25 the the DT 34457 3489 26 alums alum NNS 34457 3489 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3489 28 . . . 34457 3489 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3489 30 * * NFP 34457 3489 31 * * NFP 34457 3489 32 * * NFP 34457 3489 33 * * NFP 34457 3489 34 * * NFP 34457 3489 35 { { -LRB- 34457 3489 36 272 272 CD 34457 3489 37 } } -RRB- 34457 3489 38 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 3489 39 XVI XVI NNP 34457 3489 40 ISOTHERMAL ISOTHERMAL NNP 34457 3489 41 CURVES CURVES NNP 34457 3489 42 AND and CC 34457 3489 43 THE the DT 34457 3489 44 SPACE space NN 34457 3489 45 MODEL MODEL NNP 34457 3489 46 In in IN 34457 3489 47 the the DT 34457 3489 48 preceding precede VBG 34457 3489 49 chapter chapter NN 34457 3489 50 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3489 51 considered consider VBD 34457 3489 52 the the DT 34457 3489 53 changes change NNS 34457 3489 54 in in IN 34457 3489 55 the the DT 34457 3489 56 solubility solubility NN 34457 3489 57 of of IN 34457 3489 58 double double JJ 34457 3489 59 salts salt NNS 34457 3489 60 and and CC 34457 3489 61 of of IN 34457 3489 62 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3489 63 of of IN 34457 3489 64 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3489 65 constituent constituent NN 34457 3489 66 salts salt NNS 34457 3489 67 with with IN 34457 3489 68 the the DT 34457 3489 69 temperature temperature NN 34457 3489 70 ; ; , 34457 3489 71 noting note VBG 34457 3489 72 , , , 34457 3489 73 more more RBR 34457 3489 74 especially especially RB 34457 3489 75 , , , 34457 3489 76 the the DT 34457 3489 77 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3489 78 between between IN 34457 3489 79 the the DT 34457 3489 80 two two CD 34457 3489 81 systems system NNS 34457 3489 82 at at IN 34457 3489 83 the the DT 34457 3489 84 transition transition NN 34457 3489 85 point point NN 34457 3489 86 . . . 34457 3490 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3490 2 is be VBZ 34457 3490 3 now now RB 34457 3490 4 proposed propose VBN 34457 3490 5 to to TO 34457 3490 6 conclude conclude VB 34457 3490 7 the the DT 34457 3490 8 study study NN 34457 3490 9 of of IN 34457 3490 10 the the DT 34457 3490 11 three three CD 34457 3490 12 - - HYPH 34457 3490 13 component component NN 34457 3490 14 systems system NNS 34457 3490 15 by by IN 34457 3490 16 discussing discuss VBG 34457 3490 17 very very RB 34457 3490 18 briefly briefly RB 34457 3490 19 the the DT 34457 3490 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 3490 21 relations relation NNS 34457 3490 22 at at IN 34457 3490 23 constant constant JJ 34457 3490 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 3490 25 , , , 34457 3490 26 or or CC 34457 3490 27 the the DT 34457 3490 28 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3490 29 solubility solubility NN 34457 3490 30 curves curve NNS 34457 3490 31 . . . 34457 3491 1 In in IN 34457 3491 2 this this DT 34457 3491 3 way way NN 34457 3491 4 fresh fresh JJ 34457 3491 5 light light NN 34457 3491 6 will will MD 34457 3491 7 be be VB 34457 3491 8 thrown throw VBN 34457 3491 9 on on IN 34457 3491 10 the the DT 34457 3491 11 change change NN 34457 3491 12 in in IN 34457 3491 13 the the DT 34457 3491 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 3491 15 of of IN 34457 3491 16 one one CD 34457 3491 17 component component NN 34457 3491 18 by by IN 34457 3491 19 the the DT 34457 3491 20 addition addition NN 34457 3491 21 of of IN 34457 3491 22 another another DT 34457 3491 23 component component NN 34457 3491 24 , , , 34457 3491 25 and and CC 34457 3491 26 also also RB 34457 3491 27 on on IN 34457 3491 28 the the DT 34457 3491 29 conditions condition NNS 34457 3491 30 of of IN 34457 3491 31 formation formation NN 34457 3491 32 and and CC 34457 3491 33 stable stable JJ 34457 3491 34 existence existence NN 34457 3491 35 of of IN 34457 3491 36 double double JJ 34457 3491 37 salts salt NNS 34457 3491 38 in in IN 34457 3491 39 solution solution NN 34457 3491 40 . . . 34457 3492 1 With with IN 34457 3492 2 the the DT 34457 3492 3 help help NN 34457 3492 4 of of IN 34457 3492 5 these these DT 34457 3492 6 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3492 7 curves curve NNS 34457 3492 8 , , , 34457 3492 9 also also RB 34457 3492 10 , , , 34457 3492 11 the the DT 34457 3492 12 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 3492 13 of of IN 34457 3492 14 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3492 15 at at IN 34457 3492 16 constant constant JJ 34457 3492 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 3492 18 -- -- : 34457 3492 19 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 3492 20 which which WDT 34457 3492 21 have have VBP 34457 3492 22 not not RB 34457 3492 23 only only RB 34457 3492 24 a a DT 34457 3492 25 scientific scientific JJ 34457 3492 26 interest interest NN 34457 3492 27 but but CC 34457 3492 28 also also RB 34457 3492 29 an an DT 34457 3492 30 important important JJ 34457 3492 31 bearing bearing NN 34457 3492 32 on on IN 34457 3492 33 the the DT 34457 3492 34 industrial industrial JJ 34457 3492 35 preparation preparation NN 34457 3492 36 of of IN 34457 3492 37 double double JJ 34457 3492 38 salts salt NNS 34457 3492 39 -- -- : 34457 3492 40 will will MD 34457 3492 41 be be VB 34457 3492 42 more more RBR 34457 3492 43 clearly clearly RB 34457 3492 44 understood understand VBN 34457 3492 45 . . . 34457 3493 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3493 2 354 354 CD 34457 3493 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3493 4 A a DT 34457 3493 5 brief brief JJ 34457 3493 6 description description NN 34457 3493 7 will will MD 34457 3493 8 also also RB 34457 3493 9 be be VB 34457 3493 10 given give VBN 34457 3493 11 of of IN 34457 3493 12 the the DT 34457 3493 13 method method NN 34457 3493 14 of of IN 34457 3493 15 representing represent VBG 34457 3493 16 the the DT 34457 3493 17 variation variation NN 34457 3493 18 of of IN 34457 3493 19 the the DT 34457 3493 20 concentration concentration NN 34457 3493 21 of of IN 34457 3493 22 the the DT 34457 3493 23 two two CD 34457 3493 24 salts salt NNS 34457 3493 25 in in IN 34457 3493 26 the the DT 34457 3493 27 solution solution NN 34457 3493 28 with with IN 34457 3493 29 the the DT 34457 3493 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 3493 31 . . . 34457 3494 1 Non non NN 34457 3494 2 - - NN 34457 3494 3 formation formation NN 34457 3494 4 of of IN 34457 3494 5 Double double JJ 34457 3494 6 Salts.--In Salts.--In NNP 34457 3494 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3494 8 . . . 34457 3495 1 102 102 CD 34457 3495 2 are be VBP 34457 3495 3 shown show VBN 34457 3495 4 the the DT 34457 3495 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 3495 6 curves curve NNS 34457 3495 7 of of IN 34457 3495 8 two two CD 34457 3495 9 salts salt NNS 34457 3495 10 , , , 34457 3495 11 A a NN 34457 3495 12 and and CC 34457 3495 13 B b NN 34457 3495 14 , , , 34457 3495 15 which which WDT 34457 3495 16 at at IN 34457 3495 17 the the DT 34457 3495 18 given give VBN 34457 3495 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 3495 20 do do VBP 34457 3495 21 not not RB 34457 3495 22 form form VB 34457 3495 23 a a DT 34457 3495 24 double double JJ 34457 3495 25 salt salt NN 34457 3495 26 . . . 34457 3496 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3496 2 355 355 LS 34457 3496 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3496 4 The the DT 34457 3496 5 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3496 6 represent represent VBP 34457 3496 7 the the DT 34457 3496 8 amount amount NN 34457 3496 9 of of IN 34457 3496 10 A a DT 34457 3496 11 , , , 34457 3496 12 the the DT 34457 3496 13 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 3496 14 ¦ ¦ VBP 34457 3496 15 the the DT 34457 3496 16 amount amount NN 34457 3496 17 of of IN 34457 3496 18 B b NN 34457 3496 19 in in IN 34457 3496 20 a a DT 34457 3496 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3496 22 constant constant JJ 34457 3496 23 amount amount NN 34457 3496 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3496 25 of of IN 34457 3496 26 the the DT 34457 3496 27 third third JJ 34457 3496 28 component component NN 34457 3496 29 , , , 34457 3496 30 the the DT 34457 3496 31 solvent solvent NN 34457 3496 32 . . . 34457 3497 1 The the DT 34457 3497 2 { { -LRB- 34457 3497 3 273 273 CD 34457 3497 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3497 5 point point NN 34457 3497 6 A a NN 34457 3497 7 , , , 34457 3497 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 3497 9 , , , 34457 3497 10 represents represent VBZ 34457 3497 11 the the DT 34457 3497 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 3497 13 of of IN 34457 3497 14 the the DT 34457 3497 15 salt salt NN 34457 3497 16 A a NN 34457 3497 17 at at IN 34457 3497 18 the the DT 34457 3497 19 given give VBN 34457 3497 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 3497 21 ; ; , 34457 3497 22 and and CC 34457 3497 23 similarly similarly RB 34457 3497 24 , , , 34457 3497 25 point point NN 34457 3497 26 B b NN 34457 3497 27 represents represent VBZ 34457 3497 28 the the DT 34457 3497 29 solubility solubility NN 34457 3497 30 of of IN 34457 3497 31 B. B. NNP 34457 3498 1 Since since IN 34457 3498 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3498 3 are be VBP 34457 3498 4 dealing deal VBG 34457 3498 5 with with IN 34457 3498 6 a a DT 34457 3498 7 three three CD 34457 3498 8 - - HYPH 34457 3498 9 component component NN 34457 3498 10 system system NN 34457 3498 11 , , , 34457 3498 12 one one CD 34457 3498 13 solid solid JJ 34457 3498 14 phase phase NN 34457 3498 15 in in IN 34457 3498 16 contact contact NN 34457 3498 17 with with IN 34457 3498 18 solution solution NN 34457 3498 19 will will MD 34457 3498 20 constitute constitute VB 34457 3498 21 a a DT 34457 3498 22 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 3498 23 system system NN 34457 3498 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3498 25 in in IN 34457 3498 26 the the DT 34457 3498 27 absence absence NN 34457 3498 28 of of IN 34457 3498 29 the the DT 34457 3498 30 vapour vapour NN 34457 3498 31 phase phase NN 34457 3498 32 and and CC 34457 3498 33 under under IN 34457 3498 34 a a DT 34457 3498 35 constant constant JJ 34457 3498 36 pressure pressure NN 34457 3498 37 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3498 38 . . . 34457 3499 1 At at IN 34457 3499 2 any any DT 34457 3499 3 given give VBN 34457 3499 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3499 5 , , , 34457 3499 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3499 7 , , , 34457 3499 8 the the DT 34457 3499 9 concentration concentration NN 34457 3499 10 of of IN 34457 3499 11 the the DT 34457 3499 12 solution solution NN 34457 3499 13 in in IN 34457 3499 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3499 15 with with IN 34457 3499 16 the the DT 34457 3499 17 solid solid JJ 34457 3499 18 can can MD 34457 3499 19 undergo undergo VB 34457 3499 20 change change NN 34457 3499 21 . . . 34457 3500 1 If if IN 34457 3500 2 , , , 34457 3500 3 now now RB 34457 3500 4 , , , 34457 3500 5 to to IN 34457 3500 6 a a DT 34457 3500 7 pure pure JJ 34457 3500 8 solution solution NN 34457 3500 9 of of IN 34457 3500 10 A a DT 34457 3500 11 a a DT 34457 3500 12 small small JJ 34457 3500 13 quantity quantity NN 34457 3500 14 of of IN 34457 3500 15 B b NN 34457 3500 16 is be VBZ 34457 3500 17 added add VBN 34457 3500 18 , , , 34457 3500 19 the the DT 34457 3500 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 3500 21 of of IN 34457 3500 22 A a DT 34457 3500 23 will will MD 34457 3500 24 in in IN 34457 3500 25 general general JJ 34457 3500 26 be be VB 34457 3500 27 altered alter VBN 34457 3500 28 ; ; : 34457 3500 29 as as IN 34457 3500 30 a a DT 34457 3500 31 rule rule NN 34457 3500 32 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3500 33 is be VBZ 34457 3500 34 diminished diminish VBN 34457 3500 35 , , , 34457 3500 36 but but CC 34457 3500 37 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 3500 38 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3500 39 is be VBZ 34457 3500 40 increased increase VBN 34457 3500 41 . . . 34457 3501 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3501 2 356 356 LS 34457 3501 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3501 4 The the DT 34457 3501 5 curve curve NN 34457 3501 6 AC AC NNP 34457 3501 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3501 8 the the DT 34457 3501 9 varying vary VBG 34457 3501 10 composition composition NN 34457 3501 11 of of IN 34457 3501 12 the the DT 34457 3501 13 solution solution NN 34457 3501 14 in in IN 34457 3501 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3501 16 with with IN 34457 3501 17 the the DT 34457 3501 18 solid solid JJ 34457 3501 19 component component NN 34457 3501 20 A. a. NN 34457 3502 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 3502 2 , , , 34457 3502 3 the the DT 34457 3502 4 curve curve NN 34457 3502 5 BC BC NNP 34457 3502 6 represents represent VBZ 34457 3502 7 the the DT 34457 3502 8 composition composition NN 34457 3502 9 of of IN 34457 3502 10 the the DT 34457 3502 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3502 12 in in IN 34457 3502 13 contact contact NN 34457 3502 14 with with IN 34457 3502 15 pure pure JJ 34457 3502 16 B B NNP 34457 3502 17 as as IN 34457 3502 18 solid solid JJ 34457 3502 19 phase phase NN 34457 3502 20 . . . 34457 3503 1 At at IN 34457 3503 2 the the DT 34457 3503 3 point point NN 34457 3503 4 , , , 34457 3503 5 C C NNP 34457 3503 6 , , , 34457 3503 7 where where WRB 34457 3503 8 these these DT 34457 3503 9 two two CD 34457 3503 10 curves curve NNS 34457 3503 11 intersect intersect VBP 34457 3503 12 , , , 34457 3503 13 there there EX 34457 3503 14 are be VBP 34457 3503 15 two two CD 34457 3503 16 solid solid JJ 34457 3503 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3503 18 , , , 34457 3503 19 viz viz NN 34457 3503 20 . . . 34457 3504 1 pure pure JJ 34457 3504 2 A A NNP 34457 3504 3 and and CC 34457 3504 4 pure pure JJ 34457 3504 5 B b NN 34457 3504 6 , , , 34457 3504 7 in in IN 34457 3504 8 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3504 9 with with IN 34457 3504 10 solution solution NN 34457 3504 11 , , , 34457 3504 12 and and CC 34457 3504 13 the the DT 34457 3504 14 system system NN 34457 3504 15 becomes become VBZ 34457 3504 16 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3504 17 . . . 34457 3505 1 At at IN 34457 3505 2 this this DT 34457 3505 3 point point NN 34457 3505 4 the the DT 34457 3505 5 solution solution NN 34457 3505 6 is be VBZ 34457 3505 7 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3505 8 with with IN 34457 3505 9 respect respect NN 34457 3505 10 to to IN 34457 3505 11 both both CC 34457 3505 12 A a NN 34457 3505 13 and and CC 34457 3505 14 B b NN 34457 3505 15 , , , 34457 3505 16 and and CC 34457 3505 17 at at IN 34457 3505 18 a a DT 34457 3505 19 given give VBN 34457 3505 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 3505 21 must must MD 34457 3505 22 have have VB 34457 3505 23 a a DT 34457 3505 24 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 3505 25 definite definite JJ 34457 3505 26 composition composition NN 34457 3505 27 . . . 34457 3506 1 To to TO 34457 3506 2 take take VB 34457 3506 3 an an DT 34457 3506 4 example example NN 34457 3506 5 , , , 34457 3506 6 if if IN 34457 3506 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3506 8 suppose suppose VBP 34457 3506 9 A a NN 34457 3506 10 to to TO 34457 3506 11 represent represent VB 34457 3506 12 sodium sodium NN 34457 3506 13 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3506 14 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 3506 15 , , , 34457 3506 16 and and CC 34457 3506 17 B b NN 34457 3506 18 , , , 34457 3506 19 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3506 20 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 3506 21 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 3506 22 , , , 34457 3506 23 and and CC 34457 3506 24 the the DT 34457 3506 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 3506 26 to to TO 34457 3506 27 be be VB 34457 3506 28 18.5 18.5â CD 34457 3506 29 ° ° NNS 34457 3506 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3506 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3506 32 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 3506 33 _ _ NNP 34457 3506 34 below below IN 34457 3506 35 the the DT 34457 3506 36 transition transition NN 34457 3506 37 point point NN 34457 3506 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3506 39 , , , 34457 3506 40 the the DT 34457 3506 41 point point NN 34457 3506 42 C C NNP 34457 3506 43 would would MD 34457 3506 44 represent represent VB 34457 3506 45 a a DT 34457 3506 46 solution solution NN 34457 3506 47 containing contain VBG 34457 3506 48 2.16 2.16 CD 34457 3506 49 gm.-molecules gm.-molecules . 34457 3506 50 Na_{2}SO_{4 na_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 3506 51 } } -RRB- 34457 3506 52 and and CC 34457 3506 53 4.57 4.57 CD 34457 3506 54 gm.-molecules gm.-molecules . 34457 3506 55 MgSO_{4 mgso_{4 UH 34457 3506 56 } } -RRB- 34457 3506 57 per per IN 34457 3506 58 100 100 CD 34457 3506 59 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3506 60 of of IN 34457 3506 61 water water NN 34457 3506 62 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3506 63 p. p. NN 34457 3506 64 268 268 CD 34457 3506 65 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3506 66 . . . 34457 3507 1 The the DT 34457 3507 2 curve curve NN 34457 3507 3 ACB ACB NNP 34457 3507 4 is be VBZ 34457 3507 5 the the DT 34457 3507 6 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3507 7 curve curve NN 34457 3507 8 for for IN 34457 3507 9 saturated saturated JJ 34457 3507 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 3507 11 ; ; : 34457 3507 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 3507 13 lying lie VBG 34457 3507 14 outside outside IN 34457 3507 15 this this DT 34457 3507 16 curve curve NN 34457 3507 17 are be VBP 34457 3507 18 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3507 19 , , , 34457 3507 20 those those DT 34457 3507 21 lying lie VBG 34457 3507 22 within within IN 34457 3507 23 the the DT 34457 3507 24 area area NN 34457 3507 25 ACBO ACBO NNP 34457 3507 26 , , , 34457 3507 27 are be VBP 34457 3507 28 unsaturated unsaturate VBN 34457 3507 29 . . . 34457 3508 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3508 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3508 3 : : : 34457 3508 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3508 5 . . . 34457 3509 1 102 102 CD 34457 3509 2 . . . 34457 3509 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3510 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3510 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3510 3 : : : 34457 3510 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3510 5 . . . 34457 3511 1 103 103 CD 34457 3511 2 . . . 34457 3511 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3512 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3512 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3512 3 : : : 34457 3512 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3512 5 . . . 34457 3513 1 104 104 CD 34457 3513 2 . . . 34457 3513 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3514 1 Formation formation NN 34457 3514 2 of of IN 34457 3514 3 Double Double NNP 34457 3514 4 Salt.--We Salt.--We NNP 34457 3514 5 have have VBP 34457 3514 6 already already RB 34457 3514 7 learned learn VBN 34457 3514 8 in in IN 34457 3514 9 the the DT 34457 3514 10 preceding precede VBG 34457 3514 11 chapter chapter NN 34457 3514 12 that that IN 34457 3514 13 if if IN 34457 3514 14 the the DT 34457 3514 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 3514 16 is be VBZ 34457 3514 17 outside[357 outside[357 LS 34457 3514 18 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3514 19 the the DT 34457 3514 20 { { -LRB- 34457 3514 21 274 274 CD 34457 3514 22 } } -RRB- 34457 3514 23 transition transition NN 34457 3514 24 interval interval NN 34457 3514 25 , , , 34457 3514 26 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3514 27 is be VBZ 34457 3514 28 possible possible JJ 34457 3514 29 to to TO 34457 3514 30 prepare prepare VB 34457 3514 31 a a DT 34457 3514 32 pure pure JJ 34457 3514 33 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3514 34 solution solution NN 34457 3514 35 of of IN 34457 3514 36 the the DT 34457 3514 37 double double JJ 34457 3514 38 salt salt NN 34457 3514 39 . . . 34457 3515 1 If if IN 34457 3515 2 , , , 34457 3515 3 now now RB 34457 3515 4 , , , 34457 3515 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3515 6 suppose suppose VBP 34457 3515 7 the the DT 34457 3515 8 double double JJ 34457 3515 9 salt salt NN 34457 3515 10 to to TO 34457 3515 11 contain contain VB 34457 3515 12 the the DT 34457 3515 13 two two CD 34457 3515 14 constituent constituent NN 34457 3515 15 salts salt NNS 34457 3515 16 in in IN 34457 3515 17 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3515 18 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3515 19 , , , 34457 3515 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3515 21 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3515 22 solution solution NN 34457 3515 23 must must MD 34457 3515 24 be be VB 34457 3515 25 represented represent VBN 34457 3515 26 by by IN 34457 3515 27 a a DT 34457 3515 28 point point NN 34457 3515 29 lying lie VBG 34457 3515 30 on on IN 34457 3515 31 the the DT 34457 3515 32 line line NN 34457 3515 33 which which WDT 34457 3515 34 bisects bisect VBZ 34457 3515 35 the the DT 34457 3515 36 angle angle NN 34457 3515 37 AOB AOB NNP 34457 3515 38 ; ; : 34457 3515 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3515 40 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3515 41 _ _ NNP 34457 3515 42 point point NN 34457 3515 43 D d NN 34457 3515 44 , , , 34457 3515 45 Fig fig NN 34457 3515 46 . . . 34457 3516 1 103 103 CD 34457 3516 2 . . . 34457 3517 1 But but CC 34457 3517 2 a a DT 34457 3517 3 double double JJ 34457 3517 4 salt salt NN 34457 3517 5 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 3517 6 only only RB 34457 3517 7 a a DT 34457 3517 8 single single JJ 34457 3517 9 phase phase NN 34457 3517 10 , , , 34457 3517 11 and and CC 34457 3517 12 can can MD 34457 3517 13 exist exist VB 34457 3517 14 , , , 34457 3517 15 therefore therefore RB 34457 3517 16 , , , 34457 3517 17 in in IN 34457 3517 18 contact contact NN 34457 3517 19 with with IN 34457 3517 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 3517 21 of of IN 34457 3517 22 varying vary VBG 34457 3517 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 3517 24 , , , 34457 3517 25 as as IN 34457 3517 26 represented represent VBN 34457 3517 27 by by IN 34457 3517 28 EDF EDF NNP 34457 3517 29 . . . 34457 3518 1 Let let VB 34457 3518 2 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3518 3 compare compare VB 34457 3518 4 , , , 34457 3518 5 now now RB 34457 3518 6 , , , 34457 3518 7 the the DT 34457 3518 8 relations relation NNS 34457 3518 9 between between IN 34457 3518 10 the the DT 34457 3518 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 3518 12 curve curve NN 34457 3518 13 for for IN 34457 3518 14 the the DT 34457 3518 15 double double JJ 34457 3518 16 salt salt NN 34457 3518 17 , , , 34457 3518 18 and and CC 34457 3518 19 those those DT 34457 3518 20 for for IN 34457 3518 21 the the DT 34457 3518 22 two two CD 34457 3518 23 constituent constituent NN 34457 3518 24 salts salt NNS 34457 3518 25 . . . 34457 3519 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3519 2 shall shall MD 34457 3519 3 suppose suppose VB 34457 3519 4 that that IN 34457 3519 5 the the DT 34457 3519 6 double double JJ 34457 3519 7 salt salt NN 34457 3519 8 is be VBZ 34457 3519 9 formed form VBN 34457 3519 10 from from IN 34457 3519 11 the the DT 34457 3519 12 single single JJ 34457 3519 13 salts salt NNS 34457 3519 14 when when WRB 34457 3519 15 the the DT 34457 3519 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 3519 17 is be VBZ 34457 3519 18 raised raise VBN 34457 3519 19 above above IN 34457 3519 20 a a DT 34457 3519 21 certain certain JJ 34457 3519 22 point point NN 34457 3519 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3519 24 as as IN 34457 3519 25 in in IN 34457 3519 26 the the DT 34457 3519 27 formation formation NN 34457 3519 28 of of IN 34457 3519 29 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 3519 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3519 31 . . . 34457 3520 1 At at IN 34457 3520 2 a a DT 34457 3520 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3520 4 below below IN 34457 3520 5 the the DT 34457 3520 6 transition transition NN 34457 3520 7 point point NN 34457 3520 8 , , , 34457 3520 9 as as IN 34457 3520 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3520 11 have have VBP 34457 3520 12 already already RB 34457 3520 13 seen see VBN 34457 3520 14 , , , 34457 3520 15 the the DT 34457 3520 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 3520 17 of of IN 34457 3520 18 the the DT 34457 3520 19 double double JJ 34457 3520 20 salt salt NN 34457 3520 21 is be VBZ 34457 3520 22 greater great JJR 34457 3520 23 than than IN 34457 3520 24 that that DT 34457 3520 25 of of IN 34457 3520 26 a a DT 34457 3520 27 mixture mixture NN 34457 3520 28 of of IN 34457 3520 29 the the DT 34457 3520 30 single single JJ 34457 3520 31 salts salt NNS 34457 3520 32 . . . 34457 3521 1 The the DT 34457 3521 2 curve curve NN 34457 3521 3 EDF EDF NNP 34457 3521 4 , , , 34457 3521 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3521 6 , , , 34457 3521 7 must must MD 34457 3521 8 lie lie VB 34457 3521 9 above above IN 34457 3521 10 the the DT 34457 3521 11 point point NN 34457 3521 12 C C NNP 34457 3521 13 , , , 34457 3521 14 in in IN 34457 3521 15 the the DT 34457 3521 16 region region NN 34457 3521 17 representing represent VBG 34457 3521 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 3521 19 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3521 20 with with IN 34457 3521 21 respect respect NN 34457 3521 22 to to IN 34457 3521 23 the the DT 34457 3521 24 single single JJ 34457 3521 25 salts salt NNS 34457 3521 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3521 27 Fig fig NN 34457 3521 28 . . . 34457 3522 1 104 104 CD 34457 3522 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3522 3 . . . 34457 3523 1 Such such PDT 34457 3523 2 a a DT 34457 3523 3 solution solution NN 34457 3523 4 , , , 34457 3523 5 however however RB 34457 3523 6 , , , 34457 3523 7 would would MD 34457 3523 8 be be VB 34457 3523 9 metastable metastable JJ 34457 3523 10 , , , 34457 3523 11 and and CC 34457 3523 12 on on IN 34457 3523 13 being be VBG 34457 3523 14 brought bring VBN 34457 3523 15 in in IN 34457 3523 16 contact contact NN 34457 3523 17 with with IN 34457 3523 18 the the DT 34457 3523 19 single single JJ 34457 3523 20 salts salt NNS 34457 3523 21 would would MD 34457 3523 22 deposit deposit VB 34457 3523 23 these these DT 34457 3523 24 and and CC 34457 3523 25 yield yield VB 34457 3523 26 a a DT 34457 3523 27 solution solution NN 34457 3523 28 represented represent VBN 34457 3523 29 by by IN 34457 3523 30 the the DT 34457 3523 31 point point NN 34457 3523 32 C. C. NNP 34457 3523 33 At at IN 34457 3523 34 this this DT 34457 3523 35 particular particular JJ 34457 3523 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 3523 37 , , , 34457 3523 38 therefore therefore RB 34457 3523 39 , , , 34457 3523 40 the the DT 34457 3523 41 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3523 42 solubility solubility NN 34457 3523 43 curve curve NN 34457 3523 44 will will MD 34457 3523 45 consist consist VB 34457 3523 46 of of IN 34457 3523 47 only only RB 34457 3523 48 two two CD 34457 3523 49 branches branch NNS 34457 3523 50 . . . 34457 3524 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3524 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3524 3 : : : 34457 3524 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3524 5 . . . 34457 3525 1 105 105 CD 34457 3525 2 . . . 34457 3525 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3526 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 3526 2 , , , 34457 3526 3 now now RB 34457 3526 4 , , , 34457 3526 5 that that IN 34457 3526 6 the the DT 34457 3526 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 3526 8 is be VBZ 34457 3526 9 that that DT 34457 3526 10 of of IN 34457 3526 11 the the DT 34457 3526 12 transition transition NN 34457 3526 13 point point NN 34457 3526 14 . . . 34457 3527 1 At at IN 34457 3527 2 this this DT 34457 3527 3 point point NN 34457 3527 4 , , , 34457 3527 5 the the DT 34457 3527 6 double double JJ 34457 3527 7 salt salt NN 34457 3527 8 can can MD 34457 3527 9 exist exist VB 34457 3527 10 together together RB 34457 3527 11 with with IN 34457 3527 12 the the DT 34457 3527 13 single single JJ 34457 3527 14 salts salt NNS 34457 3527 15 in in IN 34457 3527 16 contact contact NN 34457 3527 17 with with IN 34457 3527 18 solution solution NN 34457 3527 19 . . . 34457 3528 1 The the DT 34457 3528 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 3528 3 curve curve NN 34457 3528 4 { { -LRB- 34457 3528 5 275 275 CD 34457 3528 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3528 7 of of IN 34457 3528 8 the the DT 34457 3528 9 double double JJ 34457 3528 10 salt salt NN 34457 3528 11 must must MD 34457 3528 12 , , , 34457 3528 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 3528 14 , , , 34457 3528 15 pass pass VB 34457 3528 16 through through IN 34457 3528 17 the the DT 34457 3528 18 point point NN 34457 3528 19 C C NNP 34457 3528 20 , , , 34457 3528 21 as as IN 34457 3528 22 shown show VBN 34457 3528 23 in in IN 34457 3528 24 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3528 25 . . . 34457 3529 1 105 105 CD 34457 3529 2 . . . 34457 3530 1 From from IN 34457 3530 2 this this DT 34457 3530 3 figure figure NN 34457 3530 4 , , , 34457 3530 5 now now RB 34457 3530 6 , , , 34457 3530 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3530 8 is be VBZ 34457 3530 9 seen see VBN 34457 3530 10 that that IN 34457 3530 11 a a DT 34457 3530 12 solution solution NN 34457 3530 13 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3530 14 with with IN 34457 3530 15 respect respect NN 34457 3530 16 to to TO 34457 3530 17 double double JJ 34457 3530 18 salt salt NN 34457 3530 19 alone alone RB 34457 3530 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3530 21 point point NN 34457 3530 22 D d NN 34457 3530 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3530 24 , , , 34457 3530 25 is be VBZ 34457 3530 26 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3530 27 with with IN 34457 3530 28 respect respect NN 34457 3530 29 to to IN 34457 3530 30 the the DT 34457 3530 31 component component NN 34457 3530 32 A. a. NN 34457 3531 1 If if IN 34457 3531 2 , , , 34457 3531 3 then then RB 34457 3531 4 , , , 34457 3531 5 at at IN 34457 3531 6 the the DT 34457 3531 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 3531 8 of of IN 34457 3531 9 the the DT 34457 3531 10 transition transition NN 34457 3531 11 point point NN 34457 3531 12 , , , 34457 3531 13 excess excess NN 34457 3531 14 of of IN 34457 3531 15 the the DT 34457 3531 16 double double JJ 34457 3531 17 salt salt NN 34457 3531 18 is be VBZ 34457 3531 19 brought bring VBN 34457 3531 20 in in IN 34457 3531 21 contact contact NN 34457 3531 22 with with IN 34457 3531 23 water,[358 water,[358 NNP 34457 3531 24 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3531 25 and and CC 34457 3531 26 if if IN 34457 3531 27 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 3531 28 is be VBZ 34457 3531 29 excluded exclude VBN 34457 3531 30 , , , 34457 3531 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3531 32 the the DT 34457 3531 33 double double JJ 34457 3531 34 salt salt NN 34457 3531 35 will will MD 34457 3531 36 undergo undergo VB 34457 3531 37 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3531 38 and and CC 34457 3531 39 the the DT 34457 3531 40 component component NN 34457 3531 41 A a DT 34457 3531 42 will will MD 34457 3531 43 be be VB 34457 3531 44 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3531 45 _ _ NNP 34457 3531 46 . . . 34457 3532 1 The the DT 34457 3532 2 relative relative JJ 34457 3532 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 3532 4 of of IN 34457 3532 5 the the DT 34457 3532 6 component component NN 34457 3532 7 B b NN 34457 3532 8 in in IN 34457 3532 9 the the DT 34457 3532 10 solution solution NN 34457 3532 11 will will MD 34457 3532 12 , , , 34457 3532 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 3532 14 , , , 34457 3532 15 increase increase VB 34457 3532 16 , , , 34457 3532 17 and and CC 34457 3532 18 the the DT 34457 3532 19 composition composition NN 34457 3532 20 of of IN 34457 3532 21 the the DT 34457 3532 22 solution solution NN 34457 3532 23 will will MD 34457 3532 24 be be VB 34457 3532 25 thereby thereby RB 34457 3532 26 altered alter VBN 34457 3532 27 in in IN 34457 3532 28 the the DT 34457 3532 29 direction direction NN 34457 3532 30 DC DC NNP 34457 3532 31 . . . 34457 3533 1 When when WRB 34457 3533 2 the the DT 34457 3533 3 solution solution NN 34457 3533 4 has have VBZ 34457 3533 5 the the DT 34457 3533 6 composition composition NN 34457 3533 7 of of IN 34457 3533 8 C C NNP 34457 3533 9 , , , 34457 3533 10 the the DT 34457 3533 11 single single JJ 34457 3533 12 salt salt NN 34457 3533 13 ceases cease VBZ 34457 3533 14 to to TO 34457 3533 15 be be VB 34457 3533 16 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3533 17 , , , 34457 3533 18 for for IN 34457 3533 19 at at IN 34457 3533 20 this this DT 34457 3533 21 point point NN 34457 3533 22 the the DT 34457 3533 23 solution solution NN 34457 3533 24 is be VBZ 34457 3533 25 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3533 26 for for IN 34457 3533 27 both both CC 34457 3533 28 double double JJ 34457 3533 29 and and CC 34457 3533 30 single single JJ 34457 3533 31 salt salt NN 34457 3533 32 ; ; , 34457 3533 33 and and CC 34457 3533 34 the the DT 34457 3533 35 system system NN 34457 3533 36 becomes become VBZ 34457 3533 37 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3533 38 . . . 34457 3534 1 This this DT 34457 3534 2 diagram diagram NN 34457 3534 3 explains explain VBZ 34457 3534 4 very very RB 34457 3534 5 clearly clearly RB 34457 3534 6 the the DT 34457 3534 7 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 3534 8 of of IN 34457 3534 9 the the DT 34457 3534 10 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3534 11 of of IN 34457 3534 12 a a DT 34457 3534 13 double double JJ 34457 3534 14 salt salt NN 34457 3534 15 at at IN 34457 3534 16 the the DT 34457 3534 17 transition transition NN 34457 3534 18 point point NN 34457 3534 19 . . . 34457 3535 1 As as IN 34457 3535 2 is be VBZ 34457 3535 3 evident evident JJ 34457 3535 4 , , , 34457 3535 5 this this DT 34457 3535 6 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3535 7 will will MD 34457 3535 8 occur occur VB 34457 3535 9 when when WRB 34457 3535 10 the the DT 34457 3535 11 solution solution NN 34457 3535 12 which which WDT 34457 3535 13 is be VBZ 34457 3535 14 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3535 15 at at IN 34457 3535 16 the the DT 34457 3535 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 3535 18 of of IN 34457 3535 19 the the DT 34457 3535 20 transition transition NN 34457 3535 21 point point NN 34457 3535 22 , , , 34457 3535 23 with with IN 34457 3535 24 respect respect NN 34457 3535 25 to to IN 34457 3535 26 the the DT 34457 3535 27 two two CD 34457 3535 28 single single JJ 34457 3535 29 salts salt NNS 34457 3535 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3535 31 point point NN 34457 3535 32 C C NNP 34457 3535 33 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3535 34 , , , 34457 3535 35 does do VBZ 34457 3535 36 not not RB 34457 3535 37 contain contain VB 34457 3535 38 these these DT 34457 3535 39 salts salt NNS 34457 3535 40 in in IN 34457 3535 41 the the DT 34457 3535 42 same same JJ 34457 3535 43 ratio ratio NN 34457 3535 44 in in IN 34457 3535 45 which which WDT 34457 3535 46 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3535 47 are be VBP 34457 3535 48 present present JJ 34457 3535 49 in in IN 34457 3535 50 the the DT 34457 3535 51 double double JJ 34457 3535 52 salt salt NN 34457 3535 53 . . . 34457 3536 1 If if IN 34457 3536 2 point point NN 34457 3536 3 C C NNP 34457 3536 4 lay lie VBD 34457 3536 5 on on IN 34457 3536 6 the the DT 34457 3536 7 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3536 8 line line NN 34457 3536 9 bisecting bisect VBG 34457 3536 10 the the DT 34457 3536 11 right right JJ 34457 3536 12 angle angle NN 34457 3536 13 , , , 34457 3536 14 then then RB 34457 3536 15 the the DT 34457 3536 16 pure pure JJ 34457 3536 17 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3536 18 solution solution NN 34457 3536 19 of of IN 34457 3536 20 the the DT 34457 3536 21 double double JJ 34457 3536 22 salt salt NN 34457 3536 23 would would MD 34457 3536 24 not not RB 34457 3536 25 be be VB 34457 3536 26 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3536 27 with with IN 34457 3536 28 respect respect NN 34457 3536 29 to to IN 34457 3536 30 either either DT 34457 3536 31 of of IN 34457 3536 32 the the DT 34457 3536 33 single single JJ 34457 3536 34 salts salt NNS 34457 3536 35 , , , 34457 3536 36 and and CC 34457 3536 37 the the DT 34457 3536 38 double double JJ 34457 3536 39 salt salt NN 34457 3536 40 would would MD 34457 3536 41 , , , 34457 3536 42 therefore therefore RB 34457 3536 43 , , , 34457 3536 44 not not RB 34457 3536 45 be be VB 34457 3536 46 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3536 47 by by IN 34457 3536 48 water water NN 34457 3536 49 . . . 34457 3537 1 As as IN 34457 3537 2 has have VBZ 34457 3537 3 already already RB 34457 3537 4 been be VBN 34457 3537 5 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3537 6 , , , 34457 3537 7 this this DT 34457 3537 8 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3537 9 is be VBZ 34457 3537 10 found find VBN 34457 3537 11 in in IN 34457 3537 12 the the DT 34457 3537 13 case case NN 34457 3537 14 of of IN 34457 3537 15 optically optically RB 34457 3537 16 active active JJ 34457 3537 17 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 3537 18 , , , 34457 3537 19 the the DT 34457 3537 20 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 3537 21 of of IN 34457 3537 22 which which WDT 34457 3537 23 are be VBP 34457 3537 24 identical identical JJ 34457 3537 25 . . . 34457 3538 1 At at IN 34457 3538 2 the the DT 34457 3538 3 transition transition NN 34457 3538 4 point point NN 34457 3538 5 , , , 34457 3538 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3538 7 , , , 34457 3538 8 the the DT 34457 3538 9 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3538 10 curve curve NN 34457 3538 11 also also RB 34457 3538 12 consists consist VBZ 34457 3538 13 of of IN 34457 3538 14 two two CD 34457 3538 15 branches branch NNS 34457 3538 16 ; ; : 34457 3538 17 but but CC 34457 3538 18 the the DT 34457 3538 19 point point NN 34457 3538 20 of of IN 34457 3538 21 intersection intersection NN 34457 3538 22 of of IN 34457 3538 23 the the DT 34457 3538 24 two two CD 34457 3538 25 branches branch NNS 34457 3538 26 now now RB 34457 3538 27 represents represent VBZ 34457 3538 28 a a DT 34457 3538 29 solution solution NN 34457 3538 30 which which WDT 34457 3538 31 is be VBZ 34457 3538 32 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3538 33 not not RB 34457 3538 34 { { -LRB- 34457 3538 35 276 276 CD 34457 3538 36 } } -RRB- 34457 3538 37 only only RB 34457 3538 38 with with IN 34457 3538 39 respect respect NN 34457 3538 40 to to IN 34457 3538 41 the the DT 34457 3538 42 single single JJ 34457 3538 43 salts salt NNS 34457 3538 44 , , , 34457 3538 45 but but CC 34457 3538 46 also also RB 34457 3538 47 for for IN 34457 3538 48 the the DT 34457 3538 49 double double JJ 34457 3538 50 salt salt NN 34457 3538 51 in in IN 34457 3538 52 presence presence NN 34457 3538 53 of of IN 34457 3538 54 the the DT 34457 3538 55 single single JJ 34457 3538 56 salts salt NNS 34457 3538 57 . . . 34457 3539 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3539 2 have have VBP 34457 3539 3 just just RB 34457 3539 4 seen see VBN 34457 3539 5 that that IN 34457 3539 6 by by IN 34457 3539 7 a a DT 34457 3539 8 change change NN 34457 3539 9 of of IN 34457 3539 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 3539 11 the the DT 34457 3539 12 two two CD 34457 3539 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 3539 14 curves curve NNS 34457 3539 15 , , , 34457 3539 16 that that IN 34457 3539 17 for for IN 34457 3539 18 the the DT 34457 3539 19 two two CD 34457 3539 20 single single JJ 34457 3539 21 salts salt NNS 34457 3539 22 and and CC 34457 3539 23 that that IN 34457 3539 24 for for IN 34457 3539 25 the the DT 34457 3539 26 double double JJ 34457 3539 27 salt salt NN 34457 3539 28 , , , 34457 3539 29 were be VBD 34457 3539 30 made make VBN 34457 3539 31 to to TO 34457 3539 32 approach approach VB 34457 3539 33 one one CD 34457 3539 34 another another DT 34457 3539 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3539 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3539 37 cf cf NNP 34457 3539 38 . . . 34457 3539 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3539 40 Figs Figs NNP 34457 3539 41 . . . 34457 3540 1 104 104 CD 34457 3540 2 and and CC 34457 3540 3 105 105 CD 34457 3540 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3540 5 . . . 34457 3541 1 In in IN 34457 3541 2 the the DT 34457 3541 3 previous previous JJ 34457 3541 4 chapter chapter NN 34457 3541 5 , , , 34457 3541 6 however however RB 34457 3541 7 , , , 34457 3541 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3541 9 found find VBD 34457 3541 10 that that DT 34457 3541 11 on on IN 34457 3541 12 passing pass VBG 34457 3541 13 the the DT 34457 3541 14 transition transition NN 34457 3541 15 point point NN 34457 3541 16 to to IN 34457 3541 17 the the DT 34457 3541 18 region region NN 34457 3541 19 of of IN 34457 3541 20 stability stability NN 34457 3541 21 for for IN 34457 3541 22 the the DT 34457 3541 23 double double JJ 34457 3541 24 salt salt NN 34457 3541 25 , , , 34457 3541 26 the the DT 34457 3541 27 solution solution NN 34457 3541 28 which which WDT 34457 3541 29 is be VBZ 34457 3541 30 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3541 31 for for IN 34457 3541 32 a a DT 34457 3541 33 mixture mixture NN 34457 3541 34 of of IN 34457 3541 35 the the DT 34457 3541 36 two two CD 34457 3541 37 constituent constituent NN 34457 3541 38 salts salt NNS 34457 3541 39 , , , 34457 3541 40 is be VBZ 34457 3541 41 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3541 42 for for IN 34457 3541 43 the the DT 34457 3541 44 double double JJ 34457 3541 45 salt salt NN 34457 3541 46 . . . 34457 3542 1 In in IN 34457 3542 2 this this DT 34457 3542 3 case case NN 34457 3542 4 , , , 34457 3542 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3542 6 , , , 34457 3542 7 point point NN 34457 3542 8 C C NNP 34457 3542 9 must must MD 34457 3542 10 lie lie VB 34457 3542 11 above above IN 34457 3542 12 the the DT 34457 3542 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 3542 14 curve curve NN 34457 3542 15 of of IN 34457 3542 16 the the DT 34457 3542 17 pure pure JJ 34457 3542 18 double double JJ 34457 3542 19 salt salt NN 34457 3542 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3542 21 Fig fig NN 34457 3542 22 . . . 34457 3543 1 106 106 CD 34457 3543 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3543 3 , , , 34457 3543 4 and and CC 34457 3543 5 a a DT 34457 3543 6 solution solution NN 34457 3543 7 of of IN 34457 3543 8 the the DT 34457 3543 9 composition composition NN 34457 3543 10 C c NN 34457 3543 11 , , , 34457 3543 12 if if IN 34457 3543 13 brought bring VBN 34457 3543 14 in in RP 34457 3543 15 contact contact NN 34457 3543 16 with with IN 34457 3543 17 double double JJ 34457 3543 18 salt salt NN 34457 3543 19 , , , 34457 3543 20 will will MD 34457 3543 21 deposit deposit VB 34457 3543 22 the the DT 34457 3543 23 latter latter JJ 34457 3543 24 . . . 34457 3544 1 If if IN 34457 3544 2 the the DT 34457 3544 3 single single JJ 34457 3544 4 salts salt NNS 34457 3544 5 were be VBD 34457 3544 6 also also RB 34457 3544 7 present present JJ 34457 3544 8 , , , 34457 3544 9 then then RB 34457 3544 10 as as IN 34457 3544 11 the the DT 34457 3544 12 double double JJ 34457 3544 13 salt salt NN 34457 3544 14 separated separate VBD 34457 3544 15 out out RP 34457 3544 16 , , , 34457 3544 17 the the DT 34457 3544 18 single single JJ 34457 3544 19 salts salt NNS 34457 3544 20 would would MD 34457 3544 21 pass pass VB 34457 3544 22 into into IN 34457 3544 23 solution solution NN 34457 3544 24 , , , 34457 3544 25 because because IN 34457 3544 26 so so RB 34457 3544 27 long long RB 34457 3544 28 as as IN 34457 3544 29 the the DT 34457 3544 30 two two CD 34457 3544 31 single single JJ 34457 3544 32 salts salt NNS 34457 3544 33 are be VBP 34457 3544 34 present present JJ 34457 3544 35 , , , 34457 3544 36 the the DT 34457 3544 37 composition composition NN 34457 3544 38 of of IN 34457 3544 39 the the DT 34457 3544 40 solution solution NN 34457 3544 41 must must MD 34457 3544 42 remain remain VB 34457 3544 43 unaltered unaltered JJ 34457 3544 44 . . . 34457 3545 1 If if IN 34457 3545 2 one one CD 34457 3545 3 of of IN 34457 3545 4 the the DT 34457 3545 5 single single JJ 34457 3545 6 salts salt NNS 34457 3545 7 disappear disappear VBP 34457 3545 8 before before IN 34457 3545 9 the the DT 34457 3545 10 other other JJ 34457 3545 11 , , , 34457 3545 12 there there EX 34457 3545 13 will will MD 34457 3545 14 be be VB 34457 3545 15 left leave VBN 34457 3545 16 double double JJ 34457 3545 17 salt salt NN 34457 3545 18 plus plus CC 34457 3545 19 A A NNP 34457 3545 20 or or CC 34457 3545 21 double double JJ 34457 3545 22 salt salt NN 34457 3545 23 plus plus CC 34457 3545 24 B B NNP 34457 3545 25 , , , 34457 3545 26 according accord VBG 34457 3545 27 to to IN 34457 3545 28 which which WDT 34457 3545 29 was be VBD 34457 3545 30 in in IN 34457 3545 31 excess excess NN 34457 3545 32 ; ; : 34457 3545 33 and and CC 34457 3545 34 the the DT 34457 3545 35 composition composition NN 34457 3545 36 of of IN 34457 3545 37 the the DT 34457 3545 38 solution solution NN 34457 3545 39 will will MD 34457 3545 40 be be VB 34457 3545 41 either either CC 34457 3545 42 that that IN 34457 3545 43 represented represent VBN 34457 3545 44 by by IN 34457 3545 45 D d NN 34457 3545 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3545 47 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3545 48 for for IN 34457 3545 49 double double JJ 34457 3545 50 salt salt NN 34457 3545 51 plus plus CC 34457 3545 52 A a NN 34457 3545 53 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3545 54 , , , 34457 3545 55 or or CC 34457 3545 56 that that DT 34457 3545 57 of of IN 34457 3545 58 the the DT 34457 3545 59 point point NN 34457 3545 60 F F NNP 34457 3545 61 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3545 62 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3545 63 for for IN 34457 3545 64 double double JJ 34457 3545 65 salt salt NN 34457 3545 66 plus plus CC 34457 3545 67 B b NN 34457 3545 68 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3545 69 . . . 34457 3546 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3546 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3546 3 : : : 34457 3546 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3546 5 . . . 34457 3547 1 106 106 CD 34457 3547 2 . . . 34457 3547 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3548 1 In in IN 34457 3548 2 connection connection NN 34457 3548 3 with with IN 34457 3548 4 the the DT 34457 3548 5 isothermal isothermal NN 34457 3548 6 represented represent VBN 34457 3548 7 in in IN 34457 3548 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3548 9 . . . 34457 3549 1 106 106 CD 34457 3549 2 , , , 34457 3549 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3549 4 should should MD 34457 3549 5 be be VB 34457 3549 6 noted note VBN 34457 3549 7 that that IN 34457 3549 8 at at IN 34457 3549 9 this this DT 34457 3549 10 particular particular JJ 34457 3549 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 3549 12 a a DT 34457 3549 13 solution solution NN 34457 3549 14 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3549 15 with with IN 34457 3549 16 respect respect NN 34457 3549 17 to to IN 34457 3549 18 the the DT 34457 3549 19 pure pure JJ 34457 3549 20 double double JJ 34457 3549 21 salt salt NN 34457 3549 22 is be VBZ 34457 3549 23 no no RB 34457 3549 24 longer long RBR 34457 3549 25 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3549 26 for for IN 34457 3549 27 one one CD 34457 3549 28 of of IN 34457 3549 29 the the DT 34457 3549 30 single single JJ 34457 3549 31 salts salt NNS 34457 3549 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3549 33 point point NN 34457 3549 34 D d NN 34457 3549 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3549 36 ; ; : 34457 3549 37 so so IN 34457 3549 38 that that IN 34457 3549 39 at at IN 34457 3549 40 the the DT 34457 3549 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 3549 42 of of IN 34457 3549 43 this this DT 34457 3549 44 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3549 45 the the DT 34457 3549 46 double double JJ 34457 3549 47 salt salt NN 34457 3549 48 is be VBZ 34457 3549 49 not not RB 34457 3549 50 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3549 51 by by IN 34457 3549 52 water water NN 34457 3549 53 . . . 34457 3550 1 At at IN 34457 3550 2 this this DT 34457 3550 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3550 4 , , , 34457 3550 5 further further RB 34457 3550 6 , , , 34457 3550 7 the the DT 34457 3550 8 boundary boundary JJ 34457 3550 9 curve curve NN 34457 3550 10 consists consist VBZ 34457 3550 11 of of IN 34457 3550 12 three three CD 34457 3550 13 branches branch NNS 34457 3550 14 AD AD NNP 34457 3550 15 , , , 34457 3550 16 DF DF NNP 34457 3550 17 , , , 34457 3550 18 and and CC 34457 3550 19 FB FB NNP 34457 3550 20 , , , 34457 3550 21 which which WDT 34457 3550 22 give give VBP 34457 3550 23 the the DT 34457 3550 24 composition composition NN 34457 3550 25 of of IN 34457 3550 26 the the DT 34457 3550 27 solutions solution NNS 34457 3550 28 in in IN 34457 3550 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3550 30 with with IN 34457 3550 31 pure pure JJ 34457 3550 32 A A NNP 34457 3550 33 , , , 34457 3550 34 double double JJ 34457 3550 35 salt salt NN 34457 3550 36 , , , 34457 3550 37 and and CC 34457 3550 38 pure pure JJ 34457 3550 39 B b NN 34457 3550 40 respectively respectively RB 34457 3550 41 ; ; : 34457 3550 42 while while IN 34457 3550 43 the the DT 34457 3550 44 points point NNS 34457 3550 45 D D NNP 34457 3550 46 and and CC 34457 3550 47 F F NNP 34457 3550 48 represent represent VBP 34457 3550 49 solutions solution NNS 34457 3550 50 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3550 51 for for IN 34457 3550 52 double double JJ 34457 3550 53 salt salt NN 34457 3550 54 plus plus CC 34457 3550 55 A A NNP 34457 3550 56 and and CC 34457 3550 57 double double JJ 34457 3550 58 salt salt NN 34457 3550 59 plus plus CC 34457 3550 60 B. B. NNP 34457 3551 1 On on IN 34457 3551 2 continuing continue VBG 34457 3551 3 to to TO 34457 3551 4 alter alter VB 34457 3551 5 the the DT 34457 3551 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 3551 7 in in IN 34457 3551 8 the the DT 34457 3551 9 same same JJ 34457 3551 10 direction direction NN 34457 3551 11 { { -LRB- 34457 3551 12 277 277 CD 34457 3551 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3551 14 as as IN 34457 3551 15 before before RB 34457 3551 16 , , , 34457 3551 17 the the DT 34457 3551 18 relative relative JJ 34457 3551 19 shifting shifting NN 34457 3551 20 of of IN 34457 3551 21 the the DT 34457 3551 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 3551 23 curves curve NNS 34457 3551 24 becomes become VBZ 34457 3551 25 more more RBR 34457 3551 26 marked marked JJ 34457 3551 27 , , , 34457 3551 28 as as IN 34457 3551 29 shown show VBN 34457 3551 30 in in IN 34457 3551 31 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3551 32 . . . 34457 3552 1 107 107 CD 34457 3552 2 . . . 34457 3553 1 At at IN 34457 3553 2 the the DT 34457 3553 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3553 4 of of IN 34457 3553 5 this this DT 34457 3553 6 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3553 7 , , , 34457 3553 8 the the DT 34457 3553 9 solution solution NN 34457 3553 10 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3553 11 for for IN 34457 3553 12 the the DT 34457 3553 13 double double JJ 34457 3553 14 salt salt NN 34457 3553 15 now now RB 34457 3553 16 lies lie VBZ 34457 3553 17 in in IN 34457 3553 18 a a DT 34457 3553 19 region region NN 34457 3553 20 of of IN 34457 3553 21 distinct distinct JJ 34457 3553 22 unsaturation unsaturation NN 34457 3553 23 with with IN 34457 3553 24 respect respect NN 34457 3553 25 to to IN 34457 3553 26 the the DT 34457 3553 27 single single JJ 34457 3553 28 salts salt NNS 34457 3553 29 ; ; , 34457 3553 30 and and CC 34457 3553 31 the the DT 34457 3553 32 double double JJ 34457 3553 33 salt salt NN 34457 3553 34 can can MD 34457 3553 35 now now RB 34457 3553 36 exist exist VB 34457 3553 37 as as IN 34457 3553 38 solid solid JJ 34457 3553 39 phase phase NN 34457 3553 40 in in IN 34457 3553 41 contact contact NN 34457 3553 42 with with IN 34457 3553 43 solutions solution NNS 34457 3553 44 containing contain VBG 34457 3553 45 both both DT 34457 3553 46 relatively relatively RB 34457 3553 47 more more JJR 34457 3553 48 of of IN 34457 3553 49 A a NN 34457 3553 50 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3553 51 curve curve NN 34457 3553 52 ED ed NN 34457 3553 53 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3553 54 , , , 34457 3553 55 and and CC 34457 3553 56 relatively relatively RB 34457 3553 57 more more JJR 34457 3553 58 of of IN 34457 3553 59 B b NN 34457 3553 60 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3553 61 curve curve NN 34457 3553 62 DF DF NNP 34457 3553 63 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3553 64 , , , 34457 3553 65 than than IN 34457 3553 66 is be VBZ 34457 3553 67 contained contain VBN 34457 3553 68 in in IN 34457 3553 69 the the DT 34457 3553 70 double double JJ 34457 3553 71 salt salt NN 34457 3553 72 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 3553 73 . . . 34457 3554 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3554 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3554 3 : : : 34457 3554 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3554 5 . . . 34457 3555 1 107 107 LS 34457 3555 2 . . . 34457 3555 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3556 1 Transition transition NN 34457 3556 2 Interval.--From interval.--from IN 34457 3556 3 what what WP 34457 3556 4 has have VBZ 34457 3556 5 been be VBN 34457 3556 6 said say VBN 34457 3556 7 , , , 34457 3556 8 and and CC 34457 3556 9 from from IN 34457 3556 10 an an DT 34457 3556 11 examination examination NN 34457 3556 12 of of IN 34457 3556 13 the the DT 34457 3556 14 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3556 15 diagrams diagram NNS 34457 3556 16 , , , 34457 3556 17 Figs fig NNS 34457 3556 18 . . . 34457 3557 1 104 104 CD 34457 3557 2 - - SYM 34457 3557 3 107 107 CD 34457 3557 4 , , , 34457 3557 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3557 6 will will MD 34457 3557 7 be be VB 34457 3557 8 seen see VBN 34457 3557 9 that that IN 34457 3557 10 by by IN 34457 3557 11 a a DT 34457 3557 12 variation variation NN 34457 3557 13 of of IN 34457 3557 14 the the DT 34457 3557 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 3557 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3557 17 can can MD 34457 3557 18 pass pass VB 34457 3557 19 from from IN 34457 3557 20 a a DT 34457 3557 21 condition condition NN 34457 3557 22 where where WRB 34457 3557 23 the the DT 34457 3557 24 double double JJ 34457 3557 25 salt salt NN 34457 3557 26 is be VBZ 34457 3557 27 quite quite RB 34457 3557 28 incapable incapable JJ 34457 3557 29 of of IN 34457 3557 30 existing exist VBG 34457 3557 31 in in IN 34457 3557 32 contact contact NN 34457 3557 33 with with IN 34457 3557 34 solution solution NN 34457 3557 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3557 36 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 3557 37 being be VBG 34457 3557 38 excluded exclude VBN 34457 3557 39 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3557 40 , , , 34457 3557 41 to to IN 34457 3557 42 a a DT 34457 3557 43 condition condition NN 34457 3557 44 where where WRB 34457 3557 45 the the DT 34457 3557 46 existence existence NN 34457 3557 47 of of IN 34457 3557 48 the the DT 34457 3557 49 double double JJ 34457 3557 50 salt salt NN 34457 3557 51 in in IN 34457 3557 52 presence presence NN 34457 3557 53 of of IN 34457 3557 54 solution solution NN 34457 3557 55 becomes become VBZ 34457 3557 56 possible possible JJ 34457 3557 57 ; ; : 34457 3557 58 only only RB 34457 3557 59 in in IN 34457 3557 60 the the DT 34457 3557 61 presence presence NN 34457 3557 62 , , , 34457 3557 63 however however RB 34457 3557 64 , , , 34457 3557 65 of of IN 34457 3557 66 one one CD 34457 3557 67 of of IN 34457 3557 68 the the DT 34457 3557 69 single single JJ 34457 3557 70 salts salt NNS 34457 3557 71 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3557 72 _ _ NNP 34457 3557 73 transition transition NN 34457 3557 74 point point NN 34457 3557 75 _ _ NNP 34457 3557 76 , , , 34457 3557 77 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3557 78 . . . 34457 3558 1 105 105 CD 34457 3558 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3558 3 . . . 34457 3559 1 A a DT 34457 3559 2 further further JJ 34457 3559 3 change change NN 34457 3559 4 of of IN 34457 3559 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 3559 6 leads lead VBZ 34457 3559 7 to to IN 34457 3559 8 a a DT 34457 3559 9 condition condition NN 34457 3559 10 where where WRB 34457 3559 11 the the DT 34457 3559 12 stable stable JJ 34457 3559 13 existence existence NN 34457 3559 14 of of IN 34457 3559 15 the the DT 34457 3559 16 pure pure JJ 34457 3559 17 double double JJ 34457 3559 18 salt salt NN 34457 3559 19 in in IN 34457 3559 20 contact contact NN 34457 3559 21 with with IN 34457 3559 22 solution solution NN 34457 3559 23 just just RB 34457 3559 24 becomes become VBZ 34457 3559 25 possible possible JJ 34457 3559 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3559 27 Fig fig NN 34457 3559 28 . . . 34457 3560 1 106 106 CD 34457 3560 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3560 3 ; ; : 34457 3560 4 and and CC 34457 3560 5 from from IN 34457 3560 6 this this DT 34457 3560 7 point point NN 34457 3560 8 onwards onwards RB 34457 3560 9 , , , 34457 3560 10 pure pure JJ 34457 3560 11 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3560 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 3560 13 of of IN 34457 3560 14 the the DT 34457 3560 15 double double JJ 34457 3560 16 salt salt NN 34457 3560 17 can can MD 34457 3560 18 be be VB 34457 3560 19 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3560 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3560 21 Fig fig NN 34457 3560 22 . . . 34457 3561 1 107 107 LS 34457 3561 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3561 3 . . . 34457 3562 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3562 2 At at IN 34457 3562 3 any any DT 34457 3562 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3562 5 , , , 34457 3562 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3562 7 , , , 34457 3562 8 between between IN 34457 3562 9 that that DT 34457 3562 10 represented represent VBN 34457 3562 11 by by IN 34457 3562 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3562 13 . . . 34457 3563 1 105 105 CD 34457 3563 2 , , , 34457 3563 3 and and CC 34457 3563 4 that that DT 34457 3563 5 represented represent VBN 34457 3563 6 by by IN 34457 3563 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3563 8 . . . 34457 3564 1 106 106 CD 34457 3564 2 , , , 34457 3564 3 the the DT 34457 3564 4 double double JJ 34457 3564 5 salt salt NN 34457 3564 6 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 3564 7 partial partial JJ 34457 3564 8 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3564 9 , , , 34457 3564 10 with with IN 34457 3564 11 deposition deposition NN 34457 3564 12 of of IN 34457 3564 13 one one CD 34457 3564 14 of of IN 34457 3564 15 the the DT 34457 3564 16 constituent constituent NN 34457 3564 17 salts salt NNS 34457 3564 18 . . . 34457 3564 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3564 20 The the DT 34457 3564 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3564 22 range range NN 34457 3564 23 between between IN 34457 3564 24 the the DT 34457 3564 25 transition transition NN 34457 3564 26 point point NN 34457 3564 27 and and CC 34457 3564 28 the the DT 34457 3564 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 3564 30 at at IN 34457 3564 31 which which WDT 34457 3564 32 a a DT 34457 3564 33 stable stable JJ 34457 3564 34 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3564 35 solution solution NN 34457 3564 36 of of IN 34457 3564 37 the the DT 34457 3564 38 pure pure JJ 34457 3564 39 double double JJ 34457 3564 40 salt salt NN 34457 3564 41 just just RB 34457 3564 42 begins begin VBZ 34457 3564 43 to to TO 34457 3564 44 be be VB 34457 3564 45 possible possible JJ 34457 3564 46 , , , 34457 3564 47 is be VBZ 34457 3564 48 known know VBN 34457 3564 49 as as IN 34457 3564 50 the the DT 34457 3564 51 _ _ NNP 34457 3564 52 transition transition NN 34457 3564 53 interval interval NN 34457 3564 54 _ _ NNP 34457 3564 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3564 56 p. p. NN 34457 3564 57 270 270 CD 34457 3564 58 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3564 59 . . . 34457 3565 1 As as IN 34457 3565 2 the the DT 34457 3565 3 figures figure NNS 34457 3565 4 show show VBP 34457 3565 5 , , , 34457 3565 6 the the DT 34457 3565 7 transition transition NN 34457 3565 8 interval interval NN 34457 3565 9 is be VBZ 34457 3565 10 limited limit VBN 34457 3565 11 on on IN 34457 3565 12 the the DT 34457 3565 13 one one CD 34457 3565 14 side side NN 34457 3565 15 by by IN 34457 3565 16 the the DT 34457 3565 17 transition transition NN 34457 3565 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3565 19 , , , 34457 3565 20 and and CC 34457 3565 21 on on IN 34457 3565 22 the the DT 34457 3565 23 other other JJ 34457 3565 24 by by IN 34457 3565 25 the the DT 34457 3565 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3565 27 at at IN 34457 3565 28 which which WDT 34457 3565 29 the the DT 34457 3565 30 solution solution NN 34457 3565 31 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3565 32 for for IN 34457 3565 33 double double JJ 34457 3565 34 salt salt NN 34457 3565 35 and and CC 34457 3565 36 the the DT 34457 3565 37 less less RBR 34457 3565 38 soluble soluble JJ 34457 3565 39 of of IN 34457 3565 40 the the DT 34457 3565 41 single single JJ 34457 3565 42 salts salt NNS 34457 3565 43 , , , 34457 3565 44 contains contain VBZ 34457 3565 45 the the DT 34457 3565 46 component component NN 34457 3565 47 salts salt NNS 34457 3565 48 in in IN 34457 3565 49 the the DT 34457 3565 50 same same JJ 34457 3565 51 ratio ratio NN 34457 3565 52 as as IN 34457 3565 53 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3565 54 are be VBP 34457 3565 55 present present JJ 34457 3565 56 in in IN 34457 3565 57 the the DT 34457 3565 58 double double JJ 34457 3565 59 salt salt NN 34457 3565 60 . . . 34457 3566 1 The the DT 34457 3566 2 greater great JJR 34457 3566 3 the the DT 34457 3566 4 difference difference NN 34457 3566 5 in in IN 34457 3566 6 the the DT 34457 3566 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 3566 8 of of IN 34457 3566 9 the the DT 34457 3566 10 single single JJ 34457 3566 11 salts salt NNS 34457 3566 12 , , , 34457 3566 13 the the DT 34457 3566 14 larger large JJR 34457 3566 15 will will MD 34457 3566 16 be be VB 34457 3566 17 the the DT 34457 3566 18 transition transition NN 34457 3566 19 interval interval NN 34457 3566 20 . . . 34457 3567 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3567 2 278 278 CD 34457 3567 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3567 4 Isothermal Isothermal NNP 34457 3567 5 Evaporation.--The Evaporation.--The NNP 34457 3567 6 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3567 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 3567 8 curves curve NNS 34457 3567 9 are be VBP 34457 3567 10 of of IN 34457 3567 11 great great JJ 34457 3567 12 importance importance NN 34457 3567 13 for for IN 34457 3567 14 obtaining obtain VBG 34457 3567 15 an an DT 34457 3567 16 insight insight NN 34457 3567 17 into into IN 34457 3567 18 the the DT 34457 3567 19 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3567 20 of of IN 34457 3567 21 a a DT 34457 3567 22 solution solution NN 34457 3567 23 when when WRB 34457 3567 24 subjected subject VBN 34457 3567 25 to to IN 34457 3567 26 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3567 27 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3567 28 . . . 34457 3568 1 To to TO 34457 3568 2 simplify simplify VB 34457 3568 3 the the DT 34457 3568 4 discussion discussion NN 34457 3568 5 of of IN 34457 3568 6 the the DT 34457 3568 7 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3568 8 found find VBN 34457 3568 9 here here RB 34457 3568 10 , , , 34457 3568 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3568 12 shall shall MD 34457 3568 13 still still RB 34457 3568 14 suppose suppose VB 34457 3568 15 that that IN 34457 3568 16 the the DT 34457 3568 17 double double JJ 34457 3568 18 salt salt NN 34457 3568 19 contains contain VBZ 34457 3568 20 the the DT 34457 3568 21 single single JJ 34457 3568 22 salts salt NNS 34457 3568 23 in in IN 34457 3568 24 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3568 25 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3568 26 ; ; : 34457 3568 27 and and CC 34457 3568 28 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3568 29 shall shall MD 34457 3568 30 , , , 34457 3568 31 in in IN 34457 3568 32 the the DT 34457 3568 33 first first JJ 34457 3568 34 instance instance NN 34457 3568 35 , , , 34457 3568 36 suppose suppose VB 34457 3568 37 that that IN 34457 3568 38 the the DT 34457 3568 39 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 3568 40 solution solution NN 34457 3568 41 with with IN 34457 3568 42 which which WDT 34457 3568 43 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3568 44 commence commence VBP 34457 3568 45 , , , 34457 3568 46 also also RB 34457 3568 47 contains contain VBZ 34457 3568 48 the the DT 34457 3568 49 single single JJ 34457 3568 50 salts salt NNS 34457 3568 51 in in IN 34457 3568 52 the the DT 34457 3568 53 same same JJ 34457 3568 54 ratio ratio NN 34457 3568 55 . . . 34457 3569 1 The the DT 34457 3569 2 composition composition NN 34457 3569 3 of of IN 34457 3569 4 the the DT 34457 3569 5 solution solution NN 34457 3569 6 must must MD 34457 3569 7 , , , 34457 3569 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 3569 9 , , , 34457 3569 10 be be VB 34457 3569 11 represented represent VBN 34457 3569 12 by by IN 34457 3569 13 some some DT 34457 3569 14 point point NN 34457 3569 15 lying lie VBG 34457 3569 16 on on IN 34457 3569 17 the the DT 34457 3569 18 line line NN 34457 3569 19 OD OD NNP 34457 3569 20 , , , 34457 3569 21 the the DT 34457 3569 22 bisectrix bisectrix NN 34457 3569 23 of of IN 34457 3569 24 the the DT 34457 3569 25 right right JJ 34457 3569 26 angle angle NN 34457 3569 27 . . . 34457 3570 1 From from IN 34457 3570 2 what what WP 34457 3570 3 has have VBZ 34457 3570 4 been be VBN 34457 3570 5 said say VBN 34457 3570 6 , , , 34457 3570 7 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3570 8 is be VBZ 34457 3570 9 evident evident JJ 34457 3570 10 that that IN 34457 3570 11 when when WRB 34457 3570 12 the the DT 34457 3570 13 formation formation NN 34457 3570 14 of of IN 34457 3570 15 a a DT 34457 3570 16 double double JJ 34457 3570 17 salt salt NN 34457 3570 18 can can MD 34457 3570 19 occur occur VB 34457 3570 20 , , , 34457 3570 21 three three CD 34457 3570 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 3570 23 intervals interval NNS 34457 3570 24 can can MD 34457 3570 25 be be VB 34457 3570 26 distinguished distinguish VBN 34457 3570 27 , , , 34457 3570 28 viz viz NN 34457 3570 29 . . . 34457 3571 1 the the DT 34457 3571 2 single single JJ 34457 3571 3 - - HYPH 34457 3571 4 salt salt NN 34457 3571 5 interval interval NN 34457 3571 6 , , , 34457 3571 7 the the DT 34457 3571 8 transition transition NN 34457 3571 9 interval interval NN 34457 3571 10 , , , 34457 3571 11 and and CC 34457 3571 12 the the DT 34457 3571 13 double double JJ 34457 3571 14 - - HYPH 34457 3571 15 salt salt NN 34457 3571 16 interval interval NN 34457 3571 17 . . . 34457 3572 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3572 2 359 359 CD 34457 3572 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3572 4 When when WRB 34457 3572 5 the the DT 34457 3572 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 3572 7 lies lie VBZ 34457 3572 8 in in IN 34457 3572 9 the the DT 34457 3572 10 first first JJ 34457 3572 11 interval interval NN 34457 3572 12 , , , 34457 3572 13 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3572 14 leads lead VBZ 34457 3572 15 first first RB 34457 3572 16 of of IN 34457 3572 17 all all DT 34457 3572 18 to to IN 34457 3572 19 the the DT 34457 3572 20 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3572 21 of of IN 34457 3572 22 one one CD 34457 3572 23 of of IN 34457 3572 24 the the DT 34457 3572 25 single single JJ 34457 3572 26 salts salt NNS 34457 3572 27 , , , 34457 3572 28 and and CC 34457 3572 29 then then RB 34457 3572 30 to to IN 34457 3572 31 the the DT 34457 3572 32 separation separation NN 34457 3572 33 of of IN 34457 3572 34 both both CC 34457 3572 35 the the DT 34457 3572 36 single single JJ 34457 3572 37 salts salt NNS 34457 3572 38 together together RB 34457 3572 39 . . . 34457 3573 1 In in IN 34457 3573 2 the the DT 34457 3573 3 second second JJ 34457 3573 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3573 5 interval interval NN 34457 3573 6 , , , 34457 3573 7 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3573 8 again again RB 34457 3573 9 leads lead VBZ 34457 3573 10 , , , 34457 3573 11 in in IN 34457 3573 12 the the DT 34457 3573 13 first first JJ 34457 3573 14 place place NN 34457 3573 15 , , , 34457 3573 16 to to IN 34457 3573 17 the the DT 34457 3573 18 deposition deposition NN 34457 3573 19 of of IN 34457 3573 20 one one CD 34457 3573 21 of of IN 34457 3573 22 the the DT 34457 3573 23 single single JJ 34457 3573 24 salts salt NNS 34457 3573 25 , , , 34457 3573 26 and and CC 34457 3573 27 afterwards afterwards RB 34457 3573 28 to to IN 34457 3573 29 the the DT 34457 3573 30 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3573 31 of of IN 34457 3573 32 the the DT 34457 3573 33 double double JJ 34457 3573 34 salt salt NN 34457 3573 35 . . . 34457 3574 1 In in IN 34457 3574 2 the the DT 34457 3574 3 third third JJ 34457 3574 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3574 5 interval interval NN 34457 3574 6 , , , 34457 3574 7 only only RB 34457 3574 8 the the DT 34457 3574 9 double double JJ 34457 3574 10 salt salt NN 34457 3574 11 crystallizes crystallize VBZ 34457 3574 12 out out RP 34457 3574 13 . . . 34457 3575 1 This this DT 34457 3575 2 will will MD 34457 3575 3 become become VB 34457 3575 4 clearer clear JJR 34457 3575 5 from from IN 34457 3575 6 what what WP 34457 3575 7 follows follow VBZ 34457 3575 8 . . . 34457 3576 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3576 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3576 3 : : : 34457 3576 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3576 5 . . . 34457 3577 1 108 108 CD 34457 3577 2 . . . 34457 3577 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3578 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3578 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3578 3 : : : 34457 3578 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3578 5 . . . 34457 3579 1 109 109 CD 34457 3579 2 . . . 34457 3579 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3580 1 If if IN 34457 3580 2 an an DT 34457 3580 3 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 3580 4 solution solution NN 34457 3580 5 of of IN 34457 3580 6 the the DT 34457 3580 7 two two CD 34457 3580 8 single single JJ 34457 3580 9 salts salt NNS 34457 3580 10 in in IN 34457 3580 11 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3580 12 proportion proportion NN 34457 3580 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3580 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3580 15 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3580 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3580 17 point point NN 34457 3580 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3580 19 x x NNP 34457 3580 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3580 21 , , , 34457 3580 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3580 23 . . . 34457 3581 1 108 108 CD 34457 3581 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3581 3 is be VBZ 34457 3581 4 evaporated evaporate VBN 34457 3581 5 at at IN 34457 3581 6 a a DT 34457 3581 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 3581 8 at at IN 34457 3581 9 which which WDT 34457 3581 10 the the DT 34457 3581 11 formation formation NN 34457 3581 12 of of IN 34457 3581 13 double double JJ 34457 3581 14 salt salt NN 34457 3581 15 is be VBZ 34457 3581 16 impossible impossible JJ 34457 3581 17 , , , 34457 3581 18 the the DT 34457 3581 19 component component NN 34457 3581 20 A A NNP 34457 3581 21 , , , 34457 3581 22 the the DT 34457 3581 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 3581 24 curve curve NN 34457 3581 25 of of IN 34457 3581 26 which which WDT 34457 3581 27 is be VBZ 34457 3581 28 { { -LRB- 34457 3581 29 279 279 CD 34457 3581 30 } } -RRB- 34457 3581 31 cut cut VBN 34457 3581 32 by by IN 34457 3581 33 the the DT 34457 3581 34 line line NN 34457 3581 35 OD OD NNP 34457 3581 36 , , , 34457 3581 37 will will MD 34457 3581 38 first first RB 34457 3581 39 separate separate VB 34457 3581 40 out out RP 34457 3581 41 ; ; : 34457 3581 42 the the DT 34457 3581 43 solution solution NN 34457 3581 44 will will MD 34457 3581 45 thereby thereby RB 34457 3581 46 become become VB 34457 3581 47 richer rich JJR 34457 3581 48 in in IN 34457 3581 49 B. B. NNP 34457 3582 1 On on IN 34457 3582 2 continued continued JJ 34457 3582 3 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3582 4 , , , 34457 3582 5 more more JJR 34457 3582 6 A a DT 34457 3582 7 will will MD 34457 3582 8 be be VB 34457 3582 9 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3582 10 , , , 34457 3582 11 and and CC 34457 3582 12 the the DT 34457 3582 13 composition composition NN 34457 3582 14 of of IN 34457 3582 15 the the DT 34457 3582 16 solution solution NN 34457 3582 17 will will MD 34457 3582 18 change change VB 34457 3582 19 until until IN 34457 3582 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3582 21 attains attain VBZ 34457 3582 22 the the DT 34457 3582 23 composition composition NN 34457 3582 24 represented represent VBN 34457 3582 25 by by IN 34457 3582 26 the the DT 34457 3582 27 point point NN 34457 3582 28 C C NNP 34457 3582 29 , , , 34457 3582 30 when when WRB 34457 3582 31 both both CC 34457 3582 32 A A NNP 34457 3582 33 and and CC 34457 3582 34 B b NN 34457 3582 35 will will MD 34457 3582 36 be be VB 34457 3582 37 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3582 38 , , , 34457 3582 39 and and CC 34457 3582 40 the the DT 34457 3582 41 composition composition NN 34457 3582 42 of of IN 34457 3582 43 the the DT 34457 3582 44 solution solution NN 34457 3582 45 will will MD 34457 3582 46 remain remain VB 34457 3582 47 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 3582 48 . . . 34457 3583 1 The the DT 34457 3583 2 result result NN 34457 3583 3 of of IN 34457 3583 4 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3583 5 will will MD 34457 3583 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3583 7 be be VB 34457 3583 8 a a DT 34457 3583 9 mixture mixture NN 34457 3583 10 of of IN 34457 3583 11 the the DT 34457 3583 12 two two CD 34457 3583 13 components component NNS 34457 3583 14 . . . 34457 3584 1 If if IN 34457 3584 2 the the DT 34457 3584 3 formation formation NN 34457 3584 4 of of IN 34457 3584 5 double double JJ 34457 3584 6 salt salt NN 34457 3584 7 is be VBZ 34457 3584 8 possible possible JJ 34457 3584 9 , , , 34457 3584 10 but but CC 34457 3584 11 if if IN 34457 3584 12 the the DT 34457 3584 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 3584 14 lies lie VBZ 34457 3584 15 within within IN 34457 3584 16 the the DT 34457 3584 17 transition transition NN 34457 3584 18 interval interval NN 34457 3584 19 , , , 34457 3584 20 the the DT 34457 3584 21 relations relation NNS 34457 3584 22 will will MD 34457 3584 23 be be VB 34457 3584 24 represented represent VBN 34457 3584 25 by by IN 34457 3584 26 a a DT 34457 3584 27 diagram diagram NN 34457 3584 28 like like IN 34457 3584 29 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3584 30 . . . 34457 3585 1 109 109 CD 34457 3585 2 . . . 34457 3586 1 Isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3586 2 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3586 3 of of IN 34457 3586 4 the the DT 34457 3586 5 solution solution NN 34457 3586 6 X x NN 34457 3586 7 will will MD 34457 3586 8 lead lead VB 34457 3586 9 to to IN 34457 3586 10 the the DT 34457 3586 11 deposition deposition NN 34457 3586 12 of of IN 34457 3586 13 the the DT 34457 3586 14 component component NN 34457 3586 15 A A NNP 34457 3586 16 , , , 34457 3586 17 and and CC 34457 3586 18 the the DT 34457 3586 19 composition composition NN 34457 3586 20 of of IN 34457 3586 21 the the DT 34457 3586 22 solution solution NN 34457 3586 23 will will MD 34457 3586 24 alter alter VB 34457 3586 25 in in IN 34457 3586 26 the the DT 34457 3586 27 direction direction NN 34457 3586 28 DE de NN 34457 3586 29 ; ; : 34457 3586 30 at at IN 34457 3586 31 the the DT 34457 3586 32 latter latter JJ 34457 3586 33 point point NN 34457 3586 34 the the DT 34457 3586 35 double double JJ 34457 3586 36 salt salt NN 34457 3586 37 will will MD 34457 3586 38 be be VB 34457 3586 39 formed form VBN 34457 3586 40 , , , 34457 3586 41 and and CC 34457 3586 42 the the DT 34457 3586 43 composition composition NN 34457 3586 44 of of IN 34457 3586 45 the the DT 34457 3586 46 solution solution NN 34457 3586 47 will will MD 34457 3586 48 remain remain VB 34457 3586 49 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 3586 50 so so RB 34457 3586 51 long long RB 34457 3586 52 as as IN 34457 3586 53 the the DT 34457 3586 54 two two CD 34457 3586 55 solid solid JJ 34457 3586 56 phases phase NNS 34457 3586 57 are be VBP 34457 3586 58 present present JJ 34457 3586 59 . . . 34457 3587 1 As as IN 34457 3587 2 can can MD 34457 3587 3 be be VB 34457 3587 4 seen see VBN 34457 3587 5 from from IN 34457 3587 6 the the DT 34457 3587 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 3587 8 , , , 34457 3587 9 however however RB 34457 3587 10 , , , 34457 3587 11 the the DT 34457 3587 12 solution solution NN 34457 3587 13 in in IN 34457 3587 14 E e NN 34457 3587 15 contains contain VBZ 34457 3587 16 less less JJR 34457 3587 17 of of IN 34457 3587 18 component component NN 34457 3587 19 A A NNP 34457 3587 20 than than IN 34457 3587 21 is be VBZ 34457 3587 22 contained contain VBN 34457 3587 23 in in IN 34457 3587 24 the the DT 34457 3587 25 double double JJ 34457 3587 26 salt salt NN 34457 3587 27 . . . 34457 3588 1 Deposition deposition NN 34457 3588 2 of of IN 34457 3588 3 the the DT 34457 3588 4 double double JJ 34457 3588 5 salt salt NN 34457 3588 6 at at IN 34457 3588 7 E e NN 34457 3588 8 , , , 34457 3588 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 3588 10 , , , 34457 3588 11 would would MD 34457 3588 12 lead lead VB 34457 3588 13 to to IN 34457 3588 14 a a DT 34457 3588 15 relative relative JJ 34457 3588 16 decrease decrease NN 34457 3588 17 in in IN 34457 3588 18 the the DT 34457 3588 19 concentration concentration NN 34457 3588 20 of of IN 34457 3588 21 A a NN 34457 3588 22 in in IN 34457 3588 23 the the DT 34457 3588 24 solution solution NN 34457 3588 25 , , , 34457 3588 26 and and CC 34457 3588 27 to to TO 34457 3588 28 counterbalance counterbalance VB 34457 3588 29 this this DT 34457 3588 30 , , , 34457 3588 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3588 32 the the DT 34457 3588 33 salt salt NN 34457 3588 34 which which WDT 34457 3588 35 separated separate VBD 34457 3588 36 out out RP 34457 3588 37 at at IN 34457 3588 38 the the DT 34457 3588 39 commencement commencement NN 34457 3588 40 must must MD 34457 3588 41 redissolve redissolve VB 34457 3588 42 _ _ NNP 34457 3588 43 . . . 34457 3589 1 Since since IN 34457 3589 2 the the DT 34457 3589 3 salts salt NNS 34457 3589 4 were be VBD 34457 3589 5 originally originally RB 34457 3589 6 present present JJ 34457 3589 7 in in IN 34457 3589 8 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3589 9 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3589 10 , , , 34457 3589 11 the the DT 34457 3589 12 final final JJ 34457 3589 13 result result NN 34457 3589 14 of of IN 34457 3589 15 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3589 16 will will MD 34457 3589 17 be be VB 34457 3589 18 the the DT 34457 3589 19 pure pure JJ 34457 3589 20 double double JJ 34457 3589 21 salt salt NN 34457 3589 22 . . . 34457 3590 1 If if IN 34457 3590 2 when when WRB 34457 3590 3 the the DT 34457 3590 4 solution solution NN 34457 3590 5 has have VBZ 34457 3590 6 reached reach VBN 34457 3590 7 the the DT 34457 3590 8 point point NN 34457 3590 9 E e NN 34457 3590 10 the the DT 34457 3590 11 salt salt NN 34457 3590 12 A a DT 34457 3590 13 which which WDT 34457 3590 14 had have VBD 34457 3590 15 separated separate VBN 34457 3590 16 out out RP 34457 3590 17 is be VBZ 34457 3590 18 removed remove VBN 34457 3590 19 , , , 34457 3590 20 double double JJ 34457 3590 21 salt salt NN 34457 3590 22 only only RB 34457 3590 23 will will MD 34457 3590 24 be be VB 34457 3590 25 left leave VBN 34457 3590 26 as as IN 34457 3590 27 solid solid JJ 34457 3590 28 phase phase NN 34457 3590 29 . . . 34457 3591 1 At at IN 34457 3591 2 a a DT 34457 3591 3 given give VBN 34457 3591 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 3591 5 , , , 34457 3591 6 however however RB 34457 3591 7 , , , 34457 3591 8 a a DT 34457 3591 9 single single JJ 34457 3591 10 solid solid JJ 34457 3591 11 phase phase NN 34457 3591 12 can can MD 34457 3591 13 exist exist VB 34457 3591 14 in in IN 34457 3591 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3591 16 with with IN 34457 3591 17 solutions solution NNS 34457 3591 18 of of IN 34457 3591 19 different different JJ 34457 3591 20 composition composition NN 34457 3591 21 . . . 34457 3592 1 If if IN 34457 3592 2 , , , 34457 3592 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3592 4 , , , 34457 3592 5 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3592 6 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3592 7 is be VBZ 34457 3592 8 continued continue VBN 34457 3592 9 after after IN 34457 3592 10 the the DT 34457 3592 11 removal removal NN 34457 3592 12 of of IN 34457 3592 13 the the DT 34457 3592 14 salt salt NN 34457 3592 15 A a NN 34457 3592 16 , , , 34457 3592 17 double double JJ 34457 3592 18 salt salt NN 34457 3592 19 will will MD 34457 3592 20 be be VB 34457 3592 21 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3592 22 , , , 34457 3592 23 and and CC 34457 3592 24 the the DT 34457 3592 25 composition composition NN 34457 3592 26 of of IN 34457 3592 27 the the DT 34457 3592 28 solution solution NN 34457 3592 29 will will MD 34457 3592 30 change change VB 34457 3592 31 in in IN 34457 3592 32 the the DT 34457 3592 33 direction direction NN 34457 3592 34 EF EF NNP 34457 3592 35 . . . 34457 3593 1 At at IN 34457 3593 2 the the DT 34457 3593 3 point point NN 34457 3593 4 F f NN 34457 3593 5 the the DT 34457 3593 6 salt salt NN 34457 3593 7 B b NN 34457 3593 8 will will MD 34457 3593 9 separate separate VB 34457 3593 10 out out RP 34457 3593 11 , , , 34457 3593 12 and and CC 34457 3593 13 on on IN 34457 3593 14 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3593 15 both both CC 34457 3593 16 double double JJ 34457 3593 17 salt salt NN 34457 3593 18 and and CC 34457 3593 19 the the DT 34457 3593 20 salt salt NN 34457 3593 21 B b NN 34457 3593 22 will will MD 34457 3593 23 be be VB 34457 3593 24 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3593 25 . . . 34457 3594 1 In in IN 34457 3594 2 the the DT 34457 3594 3 former former JJ 34457 3594 4 case case NN 34457 3594 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3594 6 when when WRB 34457 3594 7 the the DT 34457 3594 8 salt salt NN 34457 3594 9 A a DT 34457 3594 10 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3594 11 on on IN 34457 3594 12 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3594 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3594 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3594 15 are be VBP 34457 3594 16 dealing deal VBG 34457 3594 17 with with IN 34457 3594 18 an an DT 34457 3594 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3594 20 incongruently incongruently RB 34457 3594 21 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3594 22 solution solution NN 34457 3594 23 _ _ NN 34457 3594 24 ; ; : 34457 3594 25 but but CC 34457 3594 26 in in IN 34457 3594 27 the the DT 34457 3594 28 latter latter JJ 34457 3594 29 case case NN 34457 3594 30 , , , 34457 3594 31 where where WRB 34457 3594 32 both both DT 34457 3594 33 solid solid JJ 34457 3594 34 phases phase NNS 34457 3594 35 continue continue VBP 34457 3594 36 to to TO 34457 3594 37 be be VB 34457 3594 38 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3594 39 , , , 34457 3594 40 the the DT 34457 3594 41 solution solution NN 34457 3594 42 is be VBZ 34457 3594 43 said say VBN 34457 3594 44 to to TO 34457 3594 45 be be VB 34457 3594 46 _ _ NNP 34457 3594 47 congruently congruently RB 34457 3594 48 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3594 49 _ _ NNP 34457 3594 50 . . . 34457 3595 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3595 2 360 360 CD 34457 3595 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3595 4 A A NNP 34457 3595 5 " " `` 34457 3595 6 congruently congruently RB 34457 3595 7 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3595 8 solution solution NN 34457 3595 9 " " '' 34457 3595 10 is be VBZ 34457 3595 11 one one CD 34457 3595 12 from from IN 34457 3595 13 which which WDT 34457 3595 14 the the DT 34457 3595 15 { { -LRB- 34457 3595 16 280 280 CD 34457 3595 17 } } -RRB- 34457 3595 18 solid solid JJ 34457 3595 19 phases phase NNS 34457 3595 20 are be VBP 34457 3595 21 continuously continuously RB 34457 3595 22 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3595 23 during during IN 34457 3595 24 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3595 25 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3595 26 to to IN 34457 3595 27 dryness dryness NN 34457 3595 28 , , , 34457 3595 29 whereas whereas IN 34457 3595 30 in in IN 34457 3595 31 the the DT 34457 3595 32 case case NN 34457 3595 33 of of IN 34457 3595 34 " " `` 34457 3595 35 incongruently incongruently RB 34457 3595 36 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3595 37 solutions solution NNS 34457 3595 38 , , , 34457 3595 39 " " '' 34457 3595 40 at at RB 34457 3595 41 least least JJS 34457 3595 42 one one CD 34457 3595 43 of of IN 34457 3595 44 the the DT 34457 3595 45 solid solid JJ 34457 3595 46 phases phase NNS 34457 3595 47 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3595 48 during during IN 34457 3595 49 the the DT 34457 3595 50 process process NN 34457 3595 51 of of IN 34457 3595 52 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3595 53 . . . 34457 3596 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3596 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3596 3 : : : 34457 3596 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3596 5 . . . 34457 3597 1 110 110 CD 34457 3597 2 . . . 34457 3597 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3598 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 3598 2 , , , 34457 3598 3 if if IN 34457 3598 4 the the DT 34457 3598 5 temperature temperature NN 34457 3598 6 lies lie VBZ 34457 3598 7 outside outside IN 34457 3598 8 the the DT 34457 3598 9 transition transition NN 34457 3598 10 interval interval NN 34457 3598 11 , , , 34457 3598 12 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3598 13 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3598 14 of of IN 34457 3598 15 an an DT 34457 3598 16 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 3598 17 solution solution NN 34457 3598 18 of of IN 34457 3598 19 the the DT 34457 3598 20 composition composition NN 34457 3598 21 X x NN 34457 3598 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3598 23 Fig fig NN 34457 3598 24 . . . 34457 3599 1 110 110 LS 34457 3599 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3599 3 will will MD 34457 3599 4 lead lead VB 34457 3599 5 to to IN 34457 3599 6 the the DT 34457 3599 7 deposition deposition NN 34457 3599 8 of of IN 34457 3599 9 pure pure JJ 34457 3599 10 double double JJ 34457 3599 11 salt salt NN 34457 3599 12 from from IN 34457 3599 13 beginning begin VBG 34457 3599 14 to to IN 34457 3599 15 end end NN 34457 3599 16 . . . 34457 3600 1 If if IN 34457 3600 2 a a DT 34457 3600 3 solution solution NN 34457 3600 4 of of IN 34457 3600 5 the the DT 34457 3600 6 composition composition NN 34457 3600 7 Y Y NNP 34457 3600 8 is be VBZ 34457 3600 9 evaporated evaporate VBN 34457 3600 10 , , , 34457 3600 11 the the DT 34457 3600 12 component component NN 34457 3600 13 A a DT 34457 3600 14 will will MD 34457 3600 15 first first RB 34457 3600 16 be be VB 34457 3600 17 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3600 18 and and CC 34457 3600 19 the the DT 34457 3600 20 composition composition NN 34457 3600 21 of of IN 34457 3600 22 the the DT 34457 3600 23 solution solution NN 34457 3600 24 will will MD 34457 3600 25 alter alter VB 34457 3600 26 in in IN 34457 3600 27 the the DT 34457 3600 28 direction direction NN 34457 3600 29 of of IN 34457 3600 30 E e NN 34457 3600 31 , , , 34457 3600 32 at at IN 34457 3600 33 which which WDT 34457 3600 34 point point VBP 34457 3600 35 double double JJ 34457 3600 36 salt salt NN 34457 3600 37 will will MD 34457 3600 38 separate separate VB 34457 3600 39 out out RP 34457 3600 40 . . . 34457 3601 1 Since since IN 34457 3601 2 the the DT 34457 3601 3 solution solution NN 34457 3601 4 at at IN 34457 3601 5 this this DT 34457 3601 6 point point NN 34457 3601 7 contains contain VBZ 34457 3601 8 relatively relatively RB 34457 3601 9 more more JJR 34457 3601 10 of of IN 34457 3601 11 A a NN 34457 3601 12 than than IN 34457 3601 13 is be VBZ 34457 3601 14 present present JJ 34457 3601 15 in in IN 34457 3601 16 the the DT 34457 3601 17 double double JJ 34457 3601 18 salt salt NN 34457 3601 19 , , , 34457 3601 20 both both CC 34457 3601 21 the the DT 34457 3601 22 double double JJ 34457 3601 23 salt salt NN 34457 3601 24 and and CC 34457 3601 25 the the DT 34457 3601 26 single single JJ 34457 3601 27 salt salt NN 34457 3601 28 A A NNP 34457 3601 29 will will MD 34457 3601 30 be be VB 34457 3601 31 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3601 32 on on IN 34457 3601 33 continued continued JJ 34457 3601 34 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3601 35 , , , 34457 3601 36 in in IN 34457 3601 37 order order NN 34457 3601 38 that that IN 34457 3601 39 the the DT 34457 3601 40 composition composition NN 34457 3601 41 of of IN 34457 3601 42 the the DT 34457 3601 43 solution solution NN 34457 3601 44 shall shall MD 34457 3601 45 remain remain VB 34457 3601 46 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 3601 47 . . . 34457 3602 1 In in IN 34457 3602 2 the the DT 34457 3602 3 case case NN 34457 3602 4 of of IN 34457 3602 5 solution solution NN 34457 3602 6 Z Z NNP 34457 3602 7 , , , 34457 3602 8 first first JJ 34457 3602 9 component component NN 34457 3602 10 B b NN 34457 3602 11 and and CC 34457 3602 12 afterwards afterwards RB 34457 3602 13 the the DT 34457 3602 14 double double JJ 34457 3602 15 salt salt NN 34457 3602 16 will will MD 34457 3602 17 be be VB 34457 3602 18 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3602 19 . . . 34457 3603 1 The the DT 34457 3603 2 result result NN 34457 3603 3 will will MD 34457 3603 4 , , , 34457 3603 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3603 6 , , , 34457 3603 7 be be VB 34457 3603 8 a a DT 34457 3603 9 mixture mixture NN 34457 3603 10 of of IN 34457 3603 11 double double JJ 34457 3603 12 salt salt NN 34457 3603 13 and and CC 34457 3603 14 the the DT 34457 3603 15 salt salt NN 34457 3603 16 B B NNP 34457 3603 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3603 18 congruently congruently RB 34457 3603 19 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3603 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 3603 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3603 22 , , , 34457 3603 23 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3603 24 may may MD 34457 3603 25 be be VB 34457 3603 26 stated state VBN 34457 3603 27 here here RB 34457 3603 28 that that IN 34457 3603 29 the the DT 34457 3603 30 same same JJ 34457 3603 31 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3603 32 as as IN 34457 3603 33 have have VBP 34457 3603 34 been be VBN 34457 3603 35 explained explain VBN 34457 3603 36 above above IN 34457 3603 37 for for IN 34457 3603 38 double double JJ 34457 3603 39 salts salt NNS 34457 3603 40 are be VBP 34457 3603 41 also also RB 34457 3603 42 found find VBN 34457 3603 43 in in IN 34457 3603 44 the the DT 34457 3603 45 resolution resolution NN 34457 3603 46 of of IN 34457 3603 47 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3603 48 compounds compound NNS 34457 3603 49 by by IN 34457 3603 50 means mean NNS 34457 3603 51 of of IN 34457 3603 52 optically optically RB 34457 3603 53 active active JJ 34457 3603 54 substances substance NNS 34457 3603 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3603 56 third third JJ 34457 3603 57 method method NN 34457 3603 58 of of IN 34457 3603 59 Pasteur Pasteur NNP 34457 3603 60 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3603 61 . . . 34457 3604 1 In in IN 34457 3604 2 this this DT 34457 3604 3 case case NN 34457 3604 4 the the DT 34457 3604 5 single single JJ 34457 3604 6 salts salt NNS 34457 3604 7 are be VBP 34457 3604 8 doubly doubly RB 34457 3604 9 active active JJ 34457 3604 10 substances substance NNS 34457 3604 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3604 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3604 13 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3604 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3604 15 strychnine-_d_-tartrate strychnine-_d_-tartrate NNP 34457 3604 16 and and CC 34457 3604 17 strychnine-_l_-tartrate strychnine-_l_-tartrate NNP 34457 3604 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3604 19 , , , 34457 3604 20 and and CC 34457 3604 21 the the DT 34457 3604 22 double double JJ 34457 3604 23 salt salt NN 34457 3604 24 is be VBZ 34457 3604 25 a a DT 34457 3604 26 partially partially RB 34457 3604 27 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3604 28 compound compound NN 34457 3604 29 . . . 34457 3605 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3605 2 361 361 CD 34457 3605 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3605 4 Crystallization Crystallization NNP 34457 3605 5 of of IN 34457 3605 6 Double Double NNP 34457 3605 7 Salt Salt NNP 34457 3605 8 from from IN 34457 3605 9 Solutions Solutions NNPS 34457 3605 10 containing contain VBG 34457 3605 11 Excess excess NN 34457 3605 12 of of IN 34457 3605 13 One one CD 34457 3605 14 Component.--One Component.--One NNP 34457 3605 15 more more JJR 34457 3605 16 case case NN 34457 3605 17 of of IN 34457 3605 18 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3605 19 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3605 20 may may MD 34457 3605 21 be be VB 34457 3605 22 discussed discuss VBN 34457 3605 23 . . . 34457 3606 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3606 2 is be VBZ 34457 3606 3 well well RB 34457 3606 4 known know VBN 34457 3606 5 that that IN 34457 3606 6 a a DT 34457 3606 7 double double JJ 34457 3606 8 salt salt NN 34457 3606 9 which which WDT 34457 3606 10 is be VBZ 34457 3606 11 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3606 12 by by IN 34457 3606 13 pure pure JJ 34457 3606 14 water water NN 34457 3606 15 can can MD 34457 3606 16 nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 3606 17 be be VB 34457 3606 18 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3606 19 pure pure JJ 34457 3606 20 by by IN 34457 3606 21 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3606 22 from from IN 34457 3606 23 a a DT 34457 3606 24 solution solution NN 34457 3606 25 containing contain VBG 34457 3606 26 excess excess NN 34457 3606 27 of of IN 34457 3606 28 one one CD 34457 3606 29 of of IN 34457 3606 30 the the DT 34457 3606 31 single single JJ 34457 3606 32 salts salt NNS 34457 3606 33 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3606 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3606 35 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3606 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3606 37 in in IN 34457 3606 38 the the DT 34457 3606 39 case case NN 34457 3606 40 of of IN 34457 3606 41 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3606 42 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3606 43 . . . 34457 3607 1 Since since IN 34457 3607 2 the the DT 34457 3607 3 double double JJ 34457 3607 4 salt salt NN 34457 3607 5 is be VBZ 34457 3607 6 partially partially RB 34457 3607 7 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3607 8 by by IN 34457 3607 9 water water NN 34457 3607 10 , , , 34457 3607 11 the the DT 34457 3607 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3607 13 of of IN 34457 3607 14 the the DT 34457 3607 15 experiment experiment NN 34457 3607 16 must must MD 34457 3607 17 be be VB 34457 3607 18 within within IN 34457 3607 19 the the DT 34457 3607 20 transition transition NN 34457 3607 21 { { -LRB- 34457 3607 22 281 281 CD 34457 3607 23 } } -RRB- 34457 3607 24 interval interval NN 34457 3607 25 , , , 34457 3607 26 and and CC 34457 3607 27 the the DT 34457 3607 28 relations relation NNS 34457 3607 29 will will MD 34457 3607 30 , , , 34457 3607 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 3607 32 , , , 34457 3607 33 be be VB 34457 3607 34 represented represent VBN 34457 3607 35 by by IN 34457 3607 36 a a DT 34457 3607 37 diagram diagram NN 34457 3607 38 like like IN 34457 3607 39 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3607 40 . . . 34457 3608 1 109 109 CD 34457 3608 2 . . . 34457 3609 1 If if IN 34457 3609 2 , , , 34457 3609 3 now now RB 34457 3609 4 , , , 34457 3609 5 instead instead RB 34457 3609 6 of of IN 34457 3609 7 starting start VBG 34457 3609 8 with with IN 34457 3609 9 an an DT 34457 3609 10 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 3609 11 solution solution NN 34457 3609 12 containing contain VBG 34457 3609 13 the the DT 34457 3609 14 single single JJ 34457 3609 15 salts salt NNS 34457 3609 16 in in IN 34457 3609 17 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3609 18 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3609 19 , , , 34457 3609 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3609 21 commence commence VBP 34457 3609 22 with with IN 34457 3609 23 one one CD 34457 3609 24 in in IN 34457 3609 25 which which WDT 34457 3609 26 excess excess NN 34457 3609 27 of of IN 34457 3609 28 one one CD 34457 3609 29 of of IN 34457 3609 30 the the DT 34457 3609 31 salts salt NNS 34457 3609 32 is be VBZ 34457 3609 33 present present JJ 34457 3609 34 , , , 34457 3609 35 as as IN 34457 3609 36 represented represent VBN 34457 3609 37 by by IN 34457 3609 38 the the DT 34457 3609 39 point point NN 34457 3609 40 Y Y NNP 34457 3609 41 , , , 34457 3609 42 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3609 43 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3609 44 will will MD 34457 3609 45 cause cause VB 34457 3609 46 the the DT 34457 3609 47 composition composition NN 34457 3609 48 to to TO 34457 3609 49 alter alter VB 34457 3609 50 in in IN 34457 3609 51 the the DT 34457 3609 52 direction direction NN 34457 3609 53 YD yd NN 34457 3609 54 ' ' '' 34457 3609 55 , , , 34457 3609 56 the the DT 34457 3609 57 relative relative JJ 34457 3609 58 amounts amount NNS 34457 3609 59 of of IN 34457 3609 60 the the DT 34457 3609 61 single single JJ 34457 3609 62 salts salt NNS 34457 3609 63 remaining remain VBG 34457 3609 64 the the DT 34457 3609 65 same same JJ 34457 3609 66 throughout throughout IN 34457 3609 67 . . . 34457 3610 1 When when WRB 34457 3610 2 the the DT 34457 3610 3 composition composition NN 34457 3610 4 of of IN 34457 3610 5 the the DT 34457 3610 6 solution solution NN 34457 3610 7 reaches reach VBZ 34457 3610 8 the the DT 34457 3610 9 point point NN 34457 3610 10 D d NN 34457 3610 11 ' ' '' 34457 3610 12 , , , 34457 3610 13 pure pure JJ 34457 3610 14 double double JJ 34457 3610 15 salt salt NN 34457 3610 16 will will MD 34457 3610 17 be be VB 34457 3610 18 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3610 19 . . . 34457 3611 1 The the DT 34457 3611 2 separation separation NN 34457 3611 3 of of IN 34457 3611 4 double double JJ 34457 3611 5 salt salt NN 34457 3611 6 will will NN 34457 3611 7 , , , 34457 3611 8 however however RB 34457 3611 9 , , , 34457 3611 10 cause cause VB 34457 3611 11 a a DT 34457 3611 12 relative relative JJ 34457 3611 13 decrease decrease NN 34457 3611 14 in in IN 34457 3611 15 the the DT 34457 3611 16 concentration concentration NN 34457 3611 17 of of IN 34457 3611 18 the the DT 34457 3611 19 salt salt NN 34457 3611 20 A a NN 34457 3611 21 , , , 34457 3611 22 and and CC 34457 3611 23 the the DT 34457 3611 24 composition composition NN 34457 3611 25 of of IN 34457 3611 26 the the DT 34457 3611 27 solution solution NN 34457 3611 28 will will MD 34457 3611 29 , , , 34457 3611 30 therefore therefore RB 34457 3611 31 , , , 34457 3611 32 alter alter NN 34457 3611 33 in in IN 34457 3611 34 the the DT 34457 3611 35 direction direction NN 34457 3611 36 D'F. D'F. NNP 34457 3612 1 If if IN 34457 3612 2 the the DT 34457 3612 3 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3612 4 is be VBZ 34457 3612 5 discontinued discontinue VBN 34457 3612 6 before before IN 34457 3612 7 the the DT 34457 3612 8 solution solution NN 34457 3612 9 has have VBZ 34457 3612 10 attained attain VBN 34457 3612 11 the the DT 34457 3612 12 composition composition NN 34457 3612 13 F f NN 34457 3612 14 , , , 34457 3612 15 only only RB 34457 3612 16 double double JJ 34457 3612 17 salt salt NN 34457 3612 18 will will MD 34457 3612 19 have have VB 34457 3612 20 separated separate VBN 34457 3612 21 out out RP 34457 3612 22 . . . 34457 3613 1 Even even RB 34457 3613 2 within within IN 34457 3613 3 the the DT 34457 3613 4 transition transition NN 34457 3613 5 interval interval NN 34457 3613 6 , , , 34457 3613 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 3613 8 , , , 34457 3613 9 pure pure JJ 34457 3613 10 double double JJ 34457 3613 11 salt salt NN 34457 3613 12 can can MD 34457 3613 13 be be VB 34457 3613 14 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3613 15 by by IN 34457 3613 16 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 3613 17 , , , 34457 3613 18 provided provide VBD 34457 3613 19 the the DT 34457 3613 20 original original JJ 34457 3613 21 solution solution NN 34457 3613 22 has have VBZ 34457 3613 23 a a DT 34457 3613 24 composition composition NN 34457 3613 25 represented represent VBN 34457 3613 26 by by IN 34457 3613 27 a a DT 34457 3613 28 point point NN 34457 3613 29 lying lie VBG 34457 3613 30 between between IN 34457 3613 31 the the DT 34457 3613 32 two two CD 34457 3613 33 lines line NNS 34457 3613 34 OE oe NN 34457 3613 35 and and CC 34457 3613 36 OF of NN 34457 3613 37 . . . 34457 3614 1 Since since IN 34457 3614 2 , , , 34457 3614 3 as as IN 34457 3614 4 already already RB 34457 3614 5 shown show VBN 34457 3614 6 , , , 34457 3614 7 the the DT 34457 3614 8 composition composition NN 34457 3614 9 of of IN 34457 3614 10 the the DT 34457 3614 11 solution solution NN 34457 3614 12 alters alter NNS 34457 3614 13 on on IN 34457 3614 14 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3614 15 in in IN 34457 3614 16 the the DT 34457 3614 17 direction direction NN 34457 3614 18 EF EF NNP 34457 3614 19 , , , 34457 3614 20 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3614 21 will will MD 34457 3614 22 be be VB 34457 3614 23 best good JJS 34457 3614 24 to to TO 34457 3614 25 employ employ VB 34457 3614 26 a a DT 34457 3614 27 solution solution NN 34457 3614 28 having have VBG 34457 3614 29 a a DT 34457 3614 30 composition composition NN 34457 3614 31 near near IN 34457 3614 32 to to IN 34457 3614 33 the the DT 34457 3614 34 line line NN 34457 3614 35 OE oe NN 34457 3614 36 . . . 34457 3615 1 Formation formation NN 34457 3615 2 of of IN 34457 3615 3 Mixed Mixed NNP 34457 3615 4 Crystals.--If Crystals.--If NNP 34457 3615 5 the the DT 34457 3615 6 two two CD 34457 3615 7 single single JJ 34457 3615 8 salts salt NNS 34457 3615 9 A a NN 34457 3615 10 and and CC 34457 3615 11 B b NN 34457 3615 12 do do VBP 34457 3615 13 not not RB 34457 3615 14 crystallize crystallize VB 34457 3615 15 out out RP 34457 3615 16 pure pure JJ 34457 3615 17 from from IN 34457 3615 18 solution solution NN 34457 3615 19 , , , 34457 3615 20 but but CC 34457 3615 21 form form VB 34457 3615 22 an an DT 34457 3615 23 unbroken unbroken JJ 34457 3615 24 series series NN 34457 3615 25 of of IN 34457 3615 26 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3615 27 crystals crystal NNS 34457 3615 28 , , , 34457 3615 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3615 30 is be VBZ 34457 3615 31 evident evident JJ 34457 3615 32 that that IN 34457 3615 33 an an DT 34457 3615 34 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3615 35 system system NN 34457 3615 36 can can MD 34457 3615 37 not not RB 34457 3615 38 be be VB 34457 3615 39 produced produce VBN 34457 3615 40 . . . 34457 3616 1 The the DT 34457 3616 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 3616 3 curve curve NN 34457 3616 4 will will MD 34457 3616 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3616 6 be be VB 34457 3616 7 continuous continuous JJ 34457 3616 8 from from IN 34457 3616 9 A a NN 34457 3616 10 to to IN 34457 3616 11 B b NN 34457 3616 12 ; ; : 34457 3616 13 the the DT 34457 3616 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3616 15 solutions solution NNS 34457 3616 16 of of IN 34457 3616 17 varying vary VBG 34457 3616 18 composition composition NN 34457 3616 19 being be VBG 34457 3616 20 in in IN 34457 3616 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3616 22 with with IN 34457 3616 23 solid solid JJ 34457 3616 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 3616 25 also also RB 34457 3616 26 of of IN 34457 3616 27 varying vary VBG 34457 3616 28 composition composition NN 34457 3616 29 . . . 34457 3617 1 If if IN 34457 3617 2 , , , 34457 3617 3 however however RB 34457 3617 4 , , , 34457 3617 5 the the DT 34457 3617 6 series series NN 34457 3617 7 of of IN 34457 3617 8 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3617 9 crystals crystal NNS 34457 3617 10 is be VBZ 34457 3617 11 not not RB 34457 3617 12 continuous continuous JJ 34457 3617 13 , , , 34457 3617 14 there there EX 34457 3617 15 will will MD 34457 3617 16 be be VB 34457 3617 17 a a DT 34457 3617 18 break break NN 34457 3617 19 in in IN 34457 3617 20 the the DT 34457 3617 21 solubility solubility NN 34457 3617 22 curve curve NN 34457 3617 23 at at IN 34457 3617 24 which which WDT 34457 3617 25 two two CD 34457 3617 26 solid solid JJ 34457 3617 27 solutions solution NNS 34457 3617 28 of of IN 34457 3617 29 different different JJ 34457 3617 30 composition composition NN 34457 3617 31 will will MD 34457 3617 32 be be VB 34457 3617 33 in in IN 34457 3617 34 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3617 35 with with IN 34457 3617 36 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3617 37 solution solution NN 34457 3617 38 . . . 34457 3618 1 This this DT 34457 3618 2 , , , 34457 3618 3 of of IN 34457 3618 4 course course NN 34457 3618 5 , , , 34457 3618 6 will will MD 34457 3618 7 constitute constitute VB 34457 3618 8 an an DT 34457 3618 9 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3618 10 system system NN 34457 3618 11 , , , 34457 3618 12 and and CC 34457 3618 13 the the DT 34457 3618 14 point point NN 34457 3618 15 will will MD 34457 3618 16 correspond correspond VB 34457 3618 17 to to IN 34457 3618 18 the the DT 34457 3618 19 point point NN 34457 3618 20 C c NN 34457 3618 21 in in IN 34457 3618 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3618 23 . . . 34457 3619 1 108 108 CD 34457 3619 2 . . . 34457 3620 1 A a DT 34457 3620 2 full full JJ 34457 3620 3 discussion discussion NN 34457 3620 4 of of IN 34457 3620 5 these these DT 34457 3620 6 systems system NNS 34457 3620 7 would would MD 34457 3620 8 , , , 34457 3620 9 however however RB 34457 3620 10 , , , 34457 3620 11 lead lead VB 34457 3620 12 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3620 13 too too RB 34457 3620 14 far far RB 34457 3620 15 , , , 34457 3620 16 and and CC 34457 3620 17 the the DT 34457 3620 18 above above JJ 34457 3620 19 indication indication NN 34457 3620 20 of of IN 34457 3620 21 the the DT 34457 3620 22 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3620 23 must must MD 34457 3620 24 suffice suffice VB 34457 3620 25 . . . 34457 3621 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3621 2 362 362 CD 34457 3621 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3621 4 { { -LRB- 34457 3621 5 282 282 CD 34457 3621 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3621 7 Application application NN 34457 3621 8 to to IN 34457 3621 9 the the DT 34457 3621 10 Characterization Characterization NNP 34457 3621 11 of of IN 34457 3621 12 Racemates.--The Racemates.--The NNP 34457 3621 13 form form NN 34457 3621 14 of of IN 34457 3621 15 the the DT 34457 3621 16 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3621 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 3621 18 curves curve NNS 34457 3621 19 is be VBZ 34457 3621 20 also also RB 34457 3621 21 of of IN 34457 3621 22 great great JJ 34457 3621 23 value value NN 34457 3621 24 for for IN 34457 3621 25 determining determine VBG 34457 3621 26 whether whether IN 34457 3621 27 an an DT 34457 3621 28 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3621 29 substance substance NN 34457 3621 30 is be VBZ 34457 3621 31 a a DT 34457 3621 32 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3621 33 compound compound NN 34457 3621 34 or or CC 34457 3621 35 a a DT 34457 3621 36 conglomerate conglomerate NN 34457 3621 37 of of IN 34457 3621 38 equal equal JJ 34457 3621 39 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3621 40 of of IN 34457 3621 41 the the DT 34457 3621 42 optical optical JJ 34457 3621 43 antipodes antipode NNS 34457 3621 44 . . . 34457 3622 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3622 2 363 363 CD 34457 3622 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3622 4 As as IN 34457 3622 5 has have VBZ 34457 3622 6 already already RB 34457 3622 7 been be VBN 34457 3622 8 pointed point VBN 34457 3622 9 out out RP 34457 3622 10 , , , 34457 3622 11 the the DT 34457 3622 12 formation formation NN 34457 3622 13 of of IN 34457 3622 14 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3622 15 compounds compound NNS 34457 3622 16 from from IN 34457 3622 17 the the DT 34457 3622 18 two two CD 34457 3622 19 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3622 20 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 3622 21 , , , 34457 3622 22 is be VBZ 34457 3622 23 analogous analogous JJ 34457 3622 24 to to IN 34457 3622 25 the the DT 34457 3622 26 formation formation NN 34457 3622 27 of of IN 34457 3622 28 double double JJ 34457 3622 29 salts salt NNS 34457 3622 30 . . . 34457 3623 1 The the DT 34457 3623 2 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3623 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 3623 4 curves curve NNS 34457 3623 5 , , , 34457 3623 6 also also RB 34457 3623 7 , , , 34457 3623 8 have have VBP 34457 3623 9 a a DT 34457 3623 10 similar similar JJ 34457 3623 11 form form NN 34457 3623 12 . . . 34457 3624 1 In in IN 34457 3624 2 the the DT 34457 3624 3 case case NN 34457 3624 4 of of IN 34457 3624 5 the the DT 34457 3624 6 latter latter JJ 34457 3624 7 , , , 34457 3624 8 indeed indeed RB 34457 3624 9 , , , 34457 3624 10 the the DT 34457 3624 11 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3624 12 are be VBP 34457 3624 13 simplified simplify VBN 34457 3624 14 by by IN 34457 3624 15 the the DT 34457 3624 16 fact fact NN 34457 3624 17 that that IN 34457 3624 18 the the DT 34457 3624 19 two two CD 34457 3624 20 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3624 21 forms form NNS 34457 3624 22 have have VBP 34457 3624 23 identical identical JJ 34457 3624 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 3624 25 , , , 34457 3624 26 and and CC 34457 3624 27 the the DT 34457 3624 28 solubility solubility NN 34457 3624 29 curves curve NNS 34457 3624 30 are be VBP 34457 3624 31 therefore therefore RB 34457 3624 32 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 34457 3624 33 to to IN 34457 3624 34 the the DT 34457 3624 35 line line NN 34457 3624 36 bisecting bisect VBG 34457 3624 37 the the DT 34457 3624 38 angle angle NN 34457 3624 39 of of IN 34457 3624 40 the the DT 34457 3624 41 co co NNS 34457 3624 42 - - NNS 34457 3624 43 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3624 44 . . . 34457 3625 1 Further further RB 34457 3625 2 , , , 34457 3625 3 with with IN 34457 3625 4 the the DT 34457 3625 5 exception exception NN 34457 3625 6 of of IN 34457 3625 7 the the DT 34457 3625 8 partially partially RB 34457 3625 9 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3625 10 compounds compound NNS 34457 3625 11 to to TO 34457 3625 12 be be VB 34457 3625 13 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3625 14 later later RB 34457 3625 15 , , , 34457 3625 16 there there EX 34457 3625 17 is be VBZ 34457 3625 18 no no DT 34457 3625 19 transition transition NN 34457 3625 20 interval interval NN 34457 3625 21 . . . 34457 3626 1 In in IN 34457 3626 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3626 3 . . . 34457 3627 1 111 111 CD 34457 3627 2 , , , 34457 3627 3 are be VBP 34457 3627 4 given give VBN 34457 3627 5 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 3627 6 two two CD 34457 3627 7 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3627 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 3627 9 curves curve NNS 34457 3627 10 for for IN 34457 3627 11 optically optically RB 34457 3627 12 active active JJ 34457 3627 13 substances substance NNS 34457 3627 14 . . . 34457 3628 1 From from IN 34457 3628 2 what what WP 34457 3628 3 has have VBZ 34457 3628 4 been be VBN 34457 3628 5 said say VBN 34457 3628 6 in in IN 34457 3628 7 the the DT 34457 3628 8 immediately immediately RB 34457 3628 9 preceding precede VBG 34457 3628 10 pages page NNS 34457 3628 11 , , , 34457 3628 12 the the DT 34457 3628 13 figure figure NN 34457 3628 14 ought ought MD 34457 3628 15 really really RB 34457 3628 16 to to TO 34457 3628 17 explain explain VB 34457 3628 18 itself -PRON- PRP 34457 3628 19 . . . 34457 3629 1 The the DT 34457 3629 2 upper upper JJ 34457 3629 3 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3629 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3629 5 acb acb NNP 34457 3629 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3629 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3629 8 the the DT 34457 3629 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 3629 10 relations relation NNS 34457 3629 11 when when WRB 34457 3629 12 the the DT 34457 3629 13 formation formation NN 34457 3629 14 of of IN 34457 3629 15 a a DT 34457 3629 16 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3629 17 compound compound NN 34457 3629 18 is be VBZ 34457 3629 19 excluded exclude VBN 34457 3629 20 , , , 34457 3629 21 as as IN 34457 3629 22 , , , 34457 3629 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3629 24 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3629 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3629 26 in in IN 34457 3629 27 the the DT 34457 3629 28 case case NN 34457 3629 29 of of IN 34457 3629 30 rubidium rubidium NNP 34457 3629 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3629 32 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3629 33 and and CC 34457 3629 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3629 35 l_-tartrates l_-tartrates NNP 34457 3629 36 above above IN 34457 3629 37 the the DT 34457 3629 38 transition transition NN 34457 3629 39 point point NN 34457 3629 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3629 41 p. p. NN 34457 3629 42 265 265 CD 34457 3629 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3629 44 . . . 34457 3630 1 The the DT 34457 3630 2 solution solution NN 34457 3630 3 at at IN 34457 3630 4 the the DT 34457 3630 5 point point NN 34457 3630 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3630 7 c c NNP 34457 3630 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3630 9 is be VBZ 34457 3630 10 , , , 34457 3630 11 of of IN 34457 3630 12 course course NN 34457 3630 13 , , , 34457 3630 14 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3630 15 , , , 34457 3630 16 and and CC 34457 3630 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3630 18 is be VBZ 34457 3630 19 unaffected unaffected JJ 34457 3630 20 by by IN 34457 3630 21 addition addition NN 34457 3630 22 of of IN 34457 3630 23 either either CC 34457 3630 24 the the DT 34457 3630 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3630 26 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3630 27 or or CC 34457 3630 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3630 29 l_- l_- NNP 34457 3630 30 form form NN 34457 3630 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3630 32 . . . 34457 3631 1 The the DT 34457 3631 2 lower low JJR 34457 3631 3 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3631 4 , , , 34457 3631 5 on on IN 34457 3631 6 the the DT 34457 3631 7 other other JJ 34457 3631 8 hand hand NN 34457 3631 9 , , , 34457 3631 10 would would MD 34457 3631 11 be be VB 34457 3631 12 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3631 13 at at IN 34457 3631 14 a a DT 34457 3631 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 3631 16 at at IN 34457 3631 17 which which WDT 34457 3631 18 the the DT 34457 3631 19 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3631 20 compound compound NN 34457 3631 21 could could MD 34457 3631 22 be be VB 34457 3631 23 formed form VBN 34457 3631 24 . . . 34457 3632 1 The the DT 34457 3632 2 curve curve NN 34457 3632 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 4 a'e a'e RB 34457 3632 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 6 is be VBZ 34457 3632 7 the the DT 34457 3632 8 solubility solubility NN 34457 3632 9 curve curve NN 34457 3632 10 for for IN 34457 3632 11 the the DT 34457 3632 12 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 13 l_- l_- NNP 34457 3632 14 form form NN 34457 3632 15 ; ; : 34457 3632 16 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 17 b'f b'f RB 34457 3632 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 19 , , , 34457 3632 20 that that IN 34457 3632 21 for for IN 34457 3632 22 the the DT 34457 3632 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 24 d_- d_- NNP 34457 3632 25 form form NN 34457 3632 26 ; ; : 34457 3632 27 and and CC 34457 3632 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 29 edf edf NNP 34457 3632 30 _ _ NNP 34457 3632 31 , , , 34457 3632 32 that that IN 34457 3632 33 for for IN 34457 3632 34 the the DT 34457 3632 35 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3632 36 compound compound NN 34457 3632 37 in in IN 34457 3632 38 presence presence NN 34457 3632 39 of of IN 34457 3632 40 solutions solution NNS 34457 3632 41 of of IN 34457 3632 42 varying vary VBG 34457 3632 43 concentration concentration NN 34457 3632 44 . . . 34457 3633 1 The the DT 34457 3633 2 point point NN 34457 3633 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3633 4 d d NNP 34457 3633 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3633 6 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3633 7 to to IN 34457 3633 8 saturation saturation NN 34457 3633 9 for for IN 34457 3633 10 the the DT 34457 3633 11 pure pure JJ 34457 3633 12 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3633 13 compound compound NN 34457 3633 14 . . . 34457 3634 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3634 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3634 3 : : : 34457 3634 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3634 5 . . . 34457 3635 1 111 111 CD 34457 3635 2 . . . 34457 3635 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3636 1 From from IN 34457 3636 2 these these DT 34457 3636 3 curves curve NNS 34457 3636 4 now now RB 34457 3636 5 , , , 34457 3636 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3636 7 will will MD 34457 3636 8 be be VB 34457 3636 9 evident evident JJ 34457 3636 10 that that IN 34457 3636 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3636 12 will will MD 34457 3636 13 be be VB 34457 3636 14 possible possible JJ 34457 3636 15 , , , 34457 3636 16 in in IN 34457 3636 17 any any DT 34457 3636 18 given give VBN 34457 3636 19 case case NN 34457 3636 20 , , , 34457 3636 21 to to TO 34457 3636 22 decide decide VB 34457 3636 23 whether whether IN 34457 3636 24 or or CC 34457 3636 25 not not RB 34457 3636 26 an an DT 34457 3636 27 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3636 28 body body NN 34457 3636 29 is be VBZ 34457 3636 30 a a DT 34457 3636 31 mixture mixture NN 34457 3636 32 or or CC 34457 3636 33 a a DT 34457 3636 34 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3636 35 compound compound NN 34457 3636 36 . . . 34457 3637 1 For for IN 34457 3637 2 this this DT 34457 3637 3 purpose purpose NN 34457 3637 4 , , , 34457 3637 5 { { -LRB- 34457 3637 6 283 283 CD 34457 3637 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3637 8 two two CD 34457 3637 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 3637 10 determinations determination NNS 34457 3637 11 are be VBP 34457 3637 12 made make VBN 34457 3637 13 , , , 34457 3637 14 first first RB 34457 3637 15 with with IN 34457 3637 16 the the DT 34457 3637 17 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3637 18 material material NN 34457 3637 19 alone alone RB 34457 3637 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3637 21 in in IN 34457 3637 22 excess excess NN 34457 3637 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3637 24 , , , 34457 3637 25 and and CC 34457 3637 26 then then RB 34457 3637 27 with with IN 34457 3637 28 the the DT 34457 3637 29 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3637 30 material material NN 34457 3637 31 plus plus CC 34457 3637 32 excess excess NN 34457 3637 33 of of IN 34457 3637 34 one one CD 34457 3637 35 of of IN 34457 3637 36 the the DT 34457 3637 37 optically optically RB 34457 3637 38 active active JJ 34457 3637 39 forms form NNS 34457 3637 40 . . . 34457 3638 1 If if IN 34457 3638 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3638 3 are be VBP 34457 3638 4 dealing deal VBG 34457 3638 5 with with IN 34457 3638 6 a a DT 34457 3638 7 mixture mixture NN 34457 3638 8 , , , 34457 3638 9 the the DT 34457 3638 10 two two CD 34457 3638 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3638 12 thus thus RB 34457 3638 13 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3638 14 will will MD 34457 3638 15 be be VB 34457 3638 16 identical identical JJ 34457 3638 17 ; ; : 34457 3638 18 both both DT 34457 3638 19 will will MD 34457 3638 20 have have VB 34457 3638 21 the the DT 34457 3638 22 composition composition NN 34457 3638 23 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3638 24 to to IN 34457 3638 25 the the DT 34457 3638 26 point point NN 34457 3638 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3638 28 c c NNP 34457 3638 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3638 30 , , , 34457 3638 31 and and CC 34457 3638 32 will will MD 34457 3638 33 be be VB 34457 3638 34 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3638 35 . . . 34457 3639 1 If if IN 34457 3639 2 , , , 34457 3639 3 however however RB 34457 3639 4 , , , 34457 3639 5 the the DT 34457 3639 6 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3639 7 material material NN 34457 3639 8 is be VBZ 34457 3639 9 a a DT 34457 3639 10 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3639 11 compound compound NN 34457 3639 12 , , , 34457 3639 13 then then RB 34457 3639 14 two two CD 34457 3639 15 different different JJ 34457 3639 16 solutions solution NNS 34457 3639 17 will will MD 34457 3639 18 be be VB 34457 3639 19 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3639 20 ; ; : 34457 3639 21 namely namely RB 34457 3639 22 , , , 34457 3639 23 an an DT 34457 3639 24 inactive inactive JJ 34457 3639 25 solution solution NN 34457 3639 26 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3639 27 to to IN 34457 3639 28 the the DT 34457 3639 29 point point NN 34457 3639 30 _ _ NNP 34457 3639 31 d d NNP 34457 3639 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3639 33 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3639 34 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3639 35 . . . 34457 3640 1 111 111 CD 34457 3640 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3640 3 , , , 34457 3640 4 and and CC 34457 3640 5 an an DT 34457 3640 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3640 7 active active JJ 34457 3640 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3640 9 solution solution NN 34457 3640 10 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3640 11 either either CC 34457 3640 12 to to IN 34457 3640 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3640 14 e e NNP 34457 3640 15 _ _ NNP 34457 3640 16 or or CC 34457 3640 17 to to IN 34457 3640 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3640 19 f f NNP 34457 3640 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3640 21 , , , 34457 3640 22 according accord VBG 34457 3640 23 to to IN 34457 3640 24 which which WDT 34457 3640 25 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3640 26 form form NN 34457 3640 27 was be VBD 34457 3640 28 added add VBN 34457 3640 29 . . . 34457 3641 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3641 2 Partially Partially NNP 34457 3641 3 racemic racemic NN 34457 3641 4 compounds._[364 compounds._[364 VB 34457 3641 5 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3641 6 In in IN 34457 3641 7 this this DT 34457 3641 8 case case NN 34457 3641 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3641 10 are be VBP 34457 3641 11 no no RB 34457 3641 12 longer long RBR 34457 3641 13 dealing deal VBG 34457 3641 14 with with IN 34457 3641 15 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3641 16 forms form NNS 34457 3641 17 , , , 34457 3641 18 and and CC 34457 3641 19 the the DT 34457 3641 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 3641 21 of of IN 34457 3641 22 the the DT 34457 3641 23 two two CD 34457 3641 24 oppositely oppositely RB 34457 3641 25 active active JJ 34457 3641 26 isomerides isomeride NNS 34457 3641 27 is be VBZ 34457 3641 28 no no RB 34457 3641 29 longer long RBR 34457 3641 30 the the DT 34457 3641 31 same same JJ 34457 3641 32 . . . 34457 3642 1 The the DT 34457 3642 2 symmetry symmetry NN 34457 3642 3 of of IN 34457 3642 4 the the DT 34457 3642 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 3642 6 curves curve NNS 34457 3642 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 3642 8 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3642 9 , , , 34457 3642 10 and and CC 34457 3642 11 a a DT 34457 3642 12 figure figure NN 34457 3642 13 is be VBZ 34457 3642 14 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3642 15 which which WDT 34457 3642 16 is be VBZ 34457 3642 17 identical identical JJ 34457 3642 18 in in IN 34457 3642 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3642 20 general general JJ 34457 3642 21 form form NN 34457 3642 22 with with IN 34457 3642 23 that that DT 34457 3642 24 found find VBN 34457 3642 25 in in IN 34457 3642 26 the the DT 34457 3642 27 case case NN 34457 3642 28 of of IN 34457 3642 29 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 3642 30 double double JJ 34457 3642 31 salts salt NNS 34457 3642 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3642 33 Fig fig NN 34457 3642 34 . . . 34457 3643 1 112 112 CD 34457 3643 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3643 3 . . . 34457 3644 1 In in IN 34457 3644 2 this this DT 34457 3644 3 case case NN 34457 3644 4 there there EX 34457 3644 5 is be VBZ 34457 3644 6 a a DT 34457 3644 7 transition transition NN 34457 3644 8 interval interval NN 34457 3644 9 . . . 34457 3645 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3645 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3645 3 : : : 34457 3645 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3645 5 . . . 34457 3646 1 112 112 CD 34457 3646 2 . . . 34457 3646 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3647 1 The the DT 34457 3647 2 curves curve NNS 34457 3647 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3647 4 acb acb NNP 34457 3647 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3647 6 belong belong VBP 34457 3647 7 to to IN 34457 3647 8 a a DT 34457 3647 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3647 10 at at IN 34457 3647 11 which which WDT 34457 3647 12 the the DT 34457 3647 13 partially partially RB 34457 3647 14 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3647 15 compound compound NN 34457 3647 16 can can MD 34457 3647 17 not not RB 34457 3647 18 be be VB 34457 3647 19 formed form VBN 34457 3647 20 ; ; : 34457 3647 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3647 22 a'dfb a'dfb NN 34457 3647 23 ' ' `` 34457 3647 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3647 25 , , , 34457 3647 26 to to IN 34457 3647 27 the the DT 34457 3647 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 3647 29 at at IN 34457 3647 30 which which WDT 34457 3647 31 the the DT 34457 3647 32 compound compound NN 34457 3647 33 just just RB 34457 3647 34 begins begin VBZ 34457 3647 35 to to TO 34457 3647 36 be be VB 34457 3647 37 stable stable JJ 34457 3647 38 in in IN 34457 3647 39 contact contact NN 34457 3647 40 with with IN 34457 3647 41 water water NN 34457 3647 42 , , , 34457 3647 43 and and CC 34457 3647 44 _ _ NNP 34457 3647 45 a"ed'f'b a"ed'f'b NNP 34457 3647 46 " " `` 34457 3647 47 _ _ NNP 34457 3647 48 belongs belong VBZ 34457 3647 49 to to IN 34457 3647 50 a a DT 34457 3647 51 temperature temperature NN 34457 3647 52 at at IN 34457 3647 53 which which WDT 34457 3647 54 the the DT 34457 3647 55 partially partially RB 34457 3647 56 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3647 57 compound compound NN 34457 3647 58 is be VBZ 34457 3647 59 quite quite RB 34457 3647 60 stable stable JJ 34457 3647 61 in in IN 34457 3647 62 contact contact NN 34457 3647 63 with with IN 34457 3647 64 water water NN 34457 3647 65 . . . 34457 3648 1 Suppose suppose VB 34457 3648 2 now now RB 34457 3648 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 3648 4 determinations determination NNS 34457 3648 5 , , , 34457 3648 6 made make VBN 34457 3648 7 in in IN 34457 3648 8 the the DT 34457 3648 9 first first JJ 34457 3648 10 case case NN 34457 3648 11 with with IN 34457 3648 12 the the DT 34457 3648 13 original original JJ 34457 3648 14 material material NN 34457 3648 15 alone alone RB 34457 3648 16 , , , 34457 3648 17 and and CC 34457 3648 18 then then RB 34457 3648 19 with with IN 34457 3648 20 the the DT 34457 3648 21 original original JJ 34457 3648 22 body body NN 34457 3648 23 plus plus CC 34457 3648 24 each each DT 34457 3648 25 of of IN 34457 3648 26 the the DT 34457 3648 27 two two CD 34457 3648 28 compounds compound NNS 34457 3648 29 , , , 34457 3648 30 formed form VBN 34457 3648 31 from from IN 34457 3648 32 the the DT 34457 3648 33 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 3648 34 substances substance NNS 34457 3648 35 separately separately RB 34457 3648 36 , , , 34457 3648 37 then then RB 34457 3648 38 if if IN 34457 3648 39 the the DT 34457 3648 40 original original JJ 34457 3648 41 body body NN 34457 3648 42 was be VBD 34457 3648 43 a a DT 34457 3648 44 mixture mixture NN 34457 3648 45 , , , 34457 3648 46 identical identical JJ 34457 3648 47 solutions solution NNS 34457 3648 48 will will MD 34457 3648 49 be be VB 34457 3648 50 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3648 51 in in IN 34457 3648 52 all all DT 34457 3648 53 three three CD 34457 3648 54 cases case NNS 34457 3648 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3648 56 point point NN 34457 3648 57 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 58 c c NNP 34457 3648 59 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 60 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3648 61 ; ; : 34457 3648 62 if if IN 34457 3648 63 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3648 64 was be VBD 34457 3648 65 a a DT 34457 3648 66 partially partially RB 34457 3648 67 racemic racemic JJ 34457 3648 68 compound compound NN 34457 3648 69 , , , 34457 3648 70 three three CD 34457 3648 71 different different JJ 34457 3648 72 solutions solution NNS 34457 3648 73 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3648 74 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 75 e e NNP 34457 3648 76 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 77 , , , 34457 3648 78 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 79 d d NNP 34457 3648 80 ' ' '' 34457 3648 81 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 82 , , , 34457 3648 83 and and CC 34457 3648 84 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 85 f f NNP 34457 3648 86 ' ' '' 34457 3648 87 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 88 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3648 89 will will MD 34457 3648 90 be be VB 34457 3648 91 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3648 92 if if IN 34457 3648 93 the the DT 34457 3648 94 temperature temperature NN 34457 3648 95 was be VBD 34457 3648 96 outside outside IN 34457 3648 97 the the DT 34457 3648 98 transition transition NN 34457 3648 99 interval interval NN 34457 3648 100 , , , 34457 3648 101 and and CC 34457 3648 102 two two CD 34457 3648 103 solutions solution NNS 34457 3648 104 , , , 34457 3648 105 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 106 d d NNP 34457 3648 107 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 108 and and CC 34457 3648 109 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 110 f f NNP 34457 3648 111 _ _ NNP 34457 3648 112 , , , 34457 3648 113 if if IN 34457 3648 114 the the DT 34457 3648 115 temperature temperature NN 34457 3648 116 belonged belong VBD 34457 3648 117 to to IN 34457 3648 118 the the DT 34457 3648 119 transition transition NN 34457 3648 120 interval interval NN 34457 3648 121 . . . 34457 3649 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3649 2 284 284 CD 34457 3649 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3649 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3649 5 Representation Representation NNP 34457 3649 6 in in IN 34457 3649 7 Space Space NNP 34457 3649 8 . . . 34457 3649 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3649 10 Space Space NNP 34457 3649 11 Model Model NNP 34457 3649 12 for for IN 34457 3649 13 Carnallite.--Interesting carnallite.--interesting NN 34457 3649 14 and and CC 34457 3649 15 important important JJ 34457 3649 16 as as IN 34457 3649 17 the the DT 34457 3649 18 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3649 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 3649 20 curves curve NNS 34457 3649 21 are be VBP 34457 3649 22 , , , 34457 3649 23 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3649 24 are be VBP 34457 3649 25 insufficient insufficient JJ 34457 3649 26 for for IN 34457 3649 27 the the DT 34457 3649 28 purpose purpose NN 34457 3649 29 of of IN 34457 3649 30 obtaining obtain VBG 34457 3649 31 a a DT 34457 3649 32 clear clear JJ 34457 3649 33 insight insight NN 34457 3649 34 into into IN 34457 3649 35 the the DT 34457 3649 36 complete complete JJ 34457 3649 37 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3649 38 of of IN 34457 3649 39 the the DT 34457 3649 40 systems system NNS 34457 3649 41 of of IN 34457 3649 42 two two CD 34457 3649 43 salts salt NNS 34457 3649 44 and and CC 34457 3649 45 water water NN 34457 3649 46 . . . 34457 3650 1 A a DT 34457 3650 2 short short JJ 34457 3650 3 description description NN 34457 3650 4 will will MD 34457 3650 5 , , , 34457 3650 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3650 7 , , , 34457 3650 8 be be VB 34457 3650 9 given give VBN 34457 3650 10 here here RB 34457 3650 11 of of IN 34457 3650 12 the the DT 34457 3650 13 representation representation NN 34457 3650 14 in in IN 34457 3650 15 space space NN 34457 3650 16 of of IN 34457 3650 17 the the DT 34457 3650 18 solubility solubility NN 34457 3650 19 relations relation NNS 34457 3650 20 of of IN 34457 3650 21 potassium potassium NN 34457 3650 22 and and CC 34457 3650 23 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3650 24 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 3650 25 , , , 34457 3650 26 and and CC 34457 3650 27 of of IN 34457 3650 28 the the DT 34457 3650 29 double double JJ 34457 3650 30 salt salt NN 34457 3650 31 which which WDT 34457 3650 32 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3650 33 form form VBP 34457 3650 34 , , , 34457 3650 35 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3650 36 . . . 34457 3651 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3651 2 365 365 CD 34457 3651 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3651 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3651 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3651 6 : : : 34457 3651 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3651 8 . . . 34457 3652 1 113 113 CD 34457 3652 2 . . . 34457 3652 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3653 1 Fig fig NN 34457 3653 2 . . . 34457 3654 1 113 113 CD 34457 3654 2 is be VBZ 34457 3654 3 a a DT 34457 3654 4 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 34457 3654 5 sketch sketch NN 34457 3654 6 of of IN 34457 3654 7 the the DT 34457 3654 8 model model NN 34457 3654 9 for for IN 34457 3654 10 carnallite carnallite NNP 34457 3654 11 looked look VBN 34457 3654 12 at at IN 34457 3654 13 sideways sideway NNS 34457 3654 14 from from IN 34457 3654 15 above above RB 34457 3654 16 . . . 34457 3655 1 Along along IN 34457 3655 2 the the DT 34457 3655 3 X x NN 34457 3655 4 - - NN 34457 3655 5 axis axis NN 34457 3655 6 is be VBZ 34457 3655 7 measured measure VBN 34457 3655 8 the the DT 34457 3655 9 concentration concentration NN 34457 3655 10 of of IN 34457 3655 11 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3655 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 3655 13 in in IN 34457 3655 14 the the DT 34457 3655 15 { { -LRB- 34457 3655 16 285 285 CD 34457 3655 17 } } -RRB- 34457 3655 18 solution solution NN 34457 3655 19 ; ; : 34457 3655 20 along along IN 34457 3655 21 the the DT 34457 3655 22 Y y NN 34457 3655 23 - - HYPH 34457 3655 24 axis axis NNP 34457 3655 25 , , , 34457 3655 26 the the DT 34457 3655 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 3655 28 of of IN 34457 3655 29 potassium potassium NN 34457 3655 30 chloride chloride NN 34457 3655 31 ; ; : 34457 3655 32 while while IN 34457 3655 33 along along IN 34457 3655 34 the the DT 34457 3655 35 T t NN 34457 3655 36 - - HYPH 34457 3655 37 axis axis NNP 34457 3655 38 is be VBZ 34457 3655 39 measured measure VBN 34457 3655 40 the the DT 34457 3655 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 3655 42 . . . 34457 3656 1 The the DT 34457 3656 2 three three CD 34457 3656 3 axes axis NNS 34457 3656 4 are be VBP 34457 3656 5 at at IN 34457 3656 6 right right JJ 34457 3656 7 angles angle NNS 34457 3656 8 to to IN 34457 3656 9 one one CD 34457 3656 10 another another DT 34457 3656 11 . . . 34457 3657 1 The the DT 34457 3657 2 XT xt NN 34457 3657 3 - - HYPH 34457 3657 4 plane plane NN 34457 3657 5 , , , 34457 3657 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3657 7 , , , 34457 3657 8 contains contain VBZ 34457 3657 9 the the DT 34457 3657 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 3657 11 curve curve NN 34457 3657 12 of of IN 34457 3657 13 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3657 14 chloride chloride NN 34457 3657 15 ; ; : 34457 3657 16 the the DT 34457 3657 17 YT yt NN 34457 3657 18 - - HYPH 34457 3657 19 plane plane NN 34457 3657 20 , , , 34457 3657 21 the the DT 34457 3657 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 3657 23 curve curve NN 34457 3657 24 of of IN 34457 3657 25 potassium potassium NN 34457 3657 26 chloride chloride NN 34457 3657 27 , , , 34457 3657 28 and and CC 34457 3657 29 in in IN 34457 3657 30 the the DT 34457 3657 31 space space NN 34457 3657 32 between between IN 34457 3657 33 the the DT 34457 3657 34 two two CD 34457 3657 35 planes plane NNS 34457 3657 36 , , , 34457 3657 37 there there EX 34457 3657 38 are be VBP 34457 3657 39 represented represent VBN 34457 3657 40 the the DT 34457 3657 41 composition composition NN 34457 3657 42 of of IN 34457 3657 43 solutions solution NNS 34457 3657 44 containing contain VBG 34457 3657 45 both both CC 34457 3657 46 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3657 47 and and CC 34457 3657 48 potassium potassium NN 34457 3657 49 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 3657 50 . . . 34457 3658 1 Any any DT 34457 3658 2 _ _ NNP 34457 3658 3 surface surface NN 34457 3658 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3658 5 between between IN 34457 3658 6 the the DT 34457 3658 7 two two CD 34457 3658 8 planes plane NNS 34457 3658 9 will will MD 34457 3658 10 represent represent VB 34457 3658 11 the the DT 34457 3658 12 various various JJ 34457 3658 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 3658 14 in in IN 34457 3658 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3658 16 with with IN 34457 3658 17 only only RB 34457 3658 18 one one CD 34457 3658 19 solid solid JJ 34457 3658 20 phase phase NN 34457 3658 21 , , , 34457 3658 22 and and CC 34457 3658 23 will will MD 34457 3658 24 therefore therefore RB 34457 3658 25 indicate indicate VB 34457 3658 26 the the DT 34457 3658 27 area area NN 34457 3658 28 or or CC 34457 3658 29 field field NN 34457 3658 30 of of IN 34457 3658 31 existence existence NN 34457 3658 32 of of IN 34457 3658 33 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 3658 34 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3658 35 systems system NNS 34457 3658 36 . . . 34457 3659 1 A a DT 34457 3659 2 _ _ NNP 34457 3659 3 line line NN 34457 3659 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3659 5 or or CC 34457 3659 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3659 7 curve curve NN 34457 3659 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3659 9 formed form VBN 34457 3659 10 by by IN 34457 3659 11 the the DT 34457 3659 12 intersection intersection NN 34457 3659 13 of of IN 34457 3659 14 two two CD 34457 3659 15 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3659 16 will will MD 34457 3659 17 represent represent VB 34457 3659 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 3659 19 in in IN 34457 3659 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3659 21 with with IN 34457 3659 22 two two CD 34457 3659 23 solid solid JJ 34457 3659 24 phases phase NNS 34457 3659 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3659 26 viz viz NN 34457 3659 27 . . . 34457 3660 1 those those DT 34457 3660 2 belonging belong VBG 34457 3660 3 to to IN 34457 3660 4 the the DT 34457 3660 5 intersecting intersecting NN 34457 3660 6 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3660 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3660 8 , , , 34457 3660 9 and and CC 34457 3660 10 will will MD 34457 3660 11 show show VB 34457 3660 12 the the DT 34457 3660 13 conditions condition NNS 34457 3660 14 for for IN 34457 3660 15 the the DT 34457 3660 16 existence existence NN 34457 3660 17 of of IN 34457 3660 18 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3660 19 systems system NNS 34457 3660 20 . . . 34457 3661 1 Lastly lastly RB 34457 3661 2 , , , 34457 3661 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3661 4 points point NNS 34457 3661 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3661 6 formed form VBN 34457 3661 7 by by IN 34457 3661 8 the the DT 34457 3661 9 intersection intersection NN 34457 3661 10 of of IN 34457 3661 11 three three CD 34457 3661 12 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3661 13 will will MD 34457 3661 14 represent represent VB 34457 3661 15 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3661 16 systems system NNS 34457 3661 17 , , , 34457 3661 18 in in IN 34457 3661 19 which which WDT 34457 3661 20 a a DT 34457 3661 21 solution solution NN 34457 3661 22 can can MD 34457 3661 23 exist exist VB 34457 3661 24 in in IN 34457 3661 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3661 26 with with IN 34457 3661 27 three three CD 34457 3661 28 solid solid JJ 34457 3661 29 phases phase NNS 34457 3661 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3661 31 viz viz NN 34457 3661 32 . . . 34457 3662 1 those those DT 34457 3662 2 belonging belong VBG 34457 3662 3 to to IN 34457 3662 4 the the DT 34457 3662 5 three three CD 34457 3662 6 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3662 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3662 8 . . . 34457 3663 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3663 2 shall shall MD 34457 3663 3 first first RB 34457 3663 4 consider consider VB 34457 3663 5 the the DT 34457 3663 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 3663 7 relations relation NNS 34457 3663 8 of of IN 34457 3663 9 the the DT 34457 3663 10 single single JJ 34457 3663 11 salts salt NNS 34457 3663 12 . . . 34457 3664 1 The the DT 34457 3664 2 complete complete JJ 34457 3664 3 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3664 4 curve curve NN 34457 3664 5 for for IN 34457 3664 6 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3664 7 chloride chloride NN 34457 3664 8 and and CC 34457 3664 9 water water NN 34457 3664 10 is be VBZ 34457 3664 11 represented represent VBN 34457 3664 12 in in IN 34457 3664 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3664 14 . . . 34457 3665 1 113 113 CD 34457 3665 2 by by IN 34457 3665 3 the the DT 34457 3665 4 series series NN 34457 3665 5 of of IN 34457 3665 6 curves curve NNS 34457 3665 7 ABF_{1 abf_{1 NN 34457 3665 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3665 9 G_{1 G_{1 NNP 34457 3665 10 } } -RRB- 34457 3665 11 H_{1 H_{1 NNP 34457 3665 12 } } -RRB- 34457 3665 13 J_{1 J_{1 NNP 34457 3665 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3665 15 L_{1 L_{1 NNP 34457 3665 16 } } -RRB- 34457 3665 17 N_{1 N_{1 NNP 34457 3665 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3665 19 . . . 34457 3666 1 AB AB NNP 34457 3666 2 is be VBZ 34457 3666 3 the the DT 34457 3666 4 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3666 5 - - HYPH 34457 3666 6 point point NN 34457 3666 7 curve curve NN 34457 3666 8 of of IN 34457 3666 9 ice ice NN 34457 3666 10 in in IN 34457 3666 11 contact contact NN 34457 3666 12 with with IN 34457 3666 13 solutions solution NNS 34457 3666 14 containing contain VBG 34457 3666 15 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3666 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 3666 17 , , , 34457 3666 18 and and CC 34457 3666 19 B b NN 34457 3666 20 is be VBZ 34457 3666 21 the the DT 34457 3666 22 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 3666 23 point point NN 34457 3666 24 at at IN 34457 3666 25 which which WDT 34457 3666 26 the the DT 34457 3666 27 solid solid JJ 34457 3666 28 phases phase NNS 34457 3666 29 ice ice NN 34457 3666 30 and and CC 34457 3666 31 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3666 32 can can MD 34457 3666 33 co co VB 34457 3666 34 - - VB 34457 3666 35 exist exist VB 34457 3666 36 with with IN 34457 3666 37 solution solution NN 34457 3666 38 . . . 34457 3667 1 BFG BFG NNP 34457 3667 2 is be VBZ 34457 3667 3 the the DT 34457 3667 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 3667 5 curve curve NN 34457 3667 6 of of IN 34457 3667 7 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3667 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 3667 9 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 3667 10 . . . 34457 3668 1 This this DT 34457 3668 2 curve curve NN 34457 3668 3 shows show VBZ 34457 3668 4 a a DT 34457 3668 5 point point NN 34457 3668 6 of of IN 34457 3668 7 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3668 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 3668 9 at at IN 34457 3668 10 F_{1 F_{1 NNP 34457 3668 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3668 12 , , , 34457 3668 13 and and CC 34457 3668 14 a a DT 34457 3668 15 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 3668 16 portion portion NN 34457 3668 17 F_{1}G_{1 F_{1}G_{1 NNP 34457 3668 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3668 19 . . . 34457 3669 1 The the DT 34457 3669 2 curve curve NN 34457 3669 3 is be VBZ 34457 3669 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3669 5 of of IN 34457 3669 6 the the DT 34457 3669 7 form form NN 34457 3669 8 exhibited exhibit VBN 34457 3669 9 by by IN 34457 3669 10 calcium calcium NN 34457 3669 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 3669 12 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 3669 13 , , , 34457 3669 14 or or CC 34457 3669 15 the the DT 34457 3669 16 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 3669 17 of of IN 34457 3669 18 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3669 19 chloride chloride NN 34457 3669 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3669 21 Chapter chapter NN 34457 3669 22 VIII viii NN 34457 3669 23 . . . 34457 3669 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3669 25 . . . 34457 3670 1 G_{1 G_{1 NNP 34457 3670 2 } } -RRB- 34457 3670 3 is be VBZ 34457 3670 4 a a DT 34457 3670 5 transition transition NN 34457 3670 6 point point NN 34457 3670 7 at at IN 34457 3670 8 which which WDT 34457 3670 9 the the DT 34457 3670 10 solid solid JJ 34457 3670 11 phase phase NN 34457 3670 12 changes change NNS 34457 3670 13 from from IN 34457 3670 14 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 3670 15 to to TO 34457 3670 16 octahydrate octahydrate VB 34457 3670 17 , , , 34457 3670 18 the the DT 34457 3670 19 solubility solubility NN 34457 3670 20 of of IN 34457 3670 21 which which WDT 34457 3670 22 is be VBZ 34457 3670 23 represented represent VBN 34457 3670 24 by by IN 34457 3670 25 the the DT 34457 3670 26 curve curve NN 34457 3670 27 G_{1}H_{1 G_{1}H_{1 NNP 34457 3670 28 } } -RRB- 34457 3670 29 . . . 34457 3671 1 At at IN 34457 3671 2 H_{1 H_{1 NNP 34457 3671 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3671 4 the the DT 34457 3671 5 octahydrate octahydrate NN 34457 3671 6 gives give VBZ 34457 3671 7 place place NN 34457 3671 8 to to IN 34457 3671 9 the the DT 34457 3671 10 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 3671 11 , , , 34457 3671 12 which which WDT 34457 3671 13 is be VBZ 34457 3671 14 the the DT 34457 3671 15 solid solid JJ 34457 3671 16 phase phase NN 34457 3671 17 in in IN 34457 3671 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3671 19 with with IN 34457 3671 20 the the DT 34457 3671 21 solutions solution NNS 34457 3671 22 represented represent VBN 34457 3671 23 by by IN 34457 3671 24 the the DT 34457 3671 25 curve curve NN 34457 3671 26 H_{1}J_{1 H_{1}J_{1 NNP 34457 3671 27 } } -RRB- 34457 3671 28 . . . 34457 3672 1 J_{1 J_{1 NNP 34457 3672 2 } } -RRB- 34457 3672 3 and and CC 34457 3672 4 L_{1 L_{1 NNP 34457 3672 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3672 6 are be VBP 34457 3672 7 also also RB 34457 3672 8 transition transition NN 34457 3672 9 points point NNS 34457 3672 10 at at IN 34457 3672 11 which which WDT 34457 3672 12 the the DT 34457 3672 13 solid solid JJ 34457 3672 14 phase phase NN 34457 3672 15 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 3672 16 change change NN 34457 3672 17 , , , 34457 3672 18 in in IN 34457 3672 19 the the DT 34457 3672 20 former former JJ 34457 3672 21 case case NN 34457 3672 22 from from IN 34457 3672 23 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 3672 24 to to TO 34457 3672 25 tetrahydrate tetrahydrate VB 34457 3672 26 ; ; : 34457 3672 27 and and CC 34457 3672 28 in in IN 34457 3672 29 the the DT 34457 3672 30 latter latter JJ 34457 3672 31 case case NN 34457 3672 32 , , , 34457 3672 33 { { -LRB- 34457 3672 34 286 286 CD 34457 3672 35 } } -RRB- 34457 3672 36 from from IN 34457 3672 37 tetrahydrate tetrahydrate VB 34457 3672 38 to to IN 34457 3672 39 dihydrate dihydrate VB 34457 3672 40 . . . 34457 3673 1 The the DT 34457 3673 2 complete complete JJ 34457 3673 3 curve curve NN 34457 3673 4 of of IN 34457 3673 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3673 6 for for IN 34457 3673 7 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3673 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 3673 9 and and CC 34457 3673 10 water water NN 34457 3673 11 is be VBZ 34457 3673 12 , , , 34457 3673 13 therefore therefore RB 34457 3673 14 , , , 34457 3673 15 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 3673 16 complicated complicated JJ 34457 3673 17 , , , 34457 3673 18 and and CC 34457 3673 19 is be VBZ 34457 3673 20 a a DT 34457 3673 21 good good JJ 34457 3673 22 example example NN 34457 3673 23 of of IN 34457 3673 24 the the DT 34457 3673 25 solubility solubility NN 34457 3673 26 curves curve NNS 34457 3673 27 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3673 28 with with IN 34457 3673 29 salts salt NNS 34457 3673 30 capable capable JJ 34457 3673 31 of of IN 34457 3673 32 forming form VBG 34457 3673 33 several several JJ 34457 3673 34 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 3673 35 . . . 34457 3674 1 The the DT 34457 3674 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 3674 3 curve curve NN 34457 3674 4 of of IN 34457 3674 5 potassium potassium NN 34457 3674 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 3674 7 is be VBZ 34457 3674 8 of of IN 34457 3674 9 the the DT 34457 3674 10 simplest simple JJS 34457 3674 11 form form NN 34457 3674 12 , , , 34457 3674 13 consisting consist VBG 34457 3674 14 only only RB 34457 3674 15 of of IN 34457 3674 16 the the DT 34457 3674 17 two two CD 34457 3674 18 branches branch NNS 34457 3674 19 AC AC NNP 34457 3674 20 , , , 34457 3674 21 the the DT 34457 3674 22 freezing freezing JJ 34457 3674 23 - - HYPH 34457 3674 24 point point NN 34457 3674 25 curve curve NN 34457 3674 26 of of IN 34457 3674 27 ice ice NN 34457 3674 28 , , , 34457 3674 29 and and CC 34457 3674 30 CO CO NNP 34457 3674 31 , , , 34457 3674 32 the the DT 34457 3674 33 solubility solubility NN 34457 3674 34 curve curve NN 34457 3674 35 of of IN 34457 3674 36 the the DT 34457 3674 37 salt salt NN 34457 3674 38 . . . 34457 3675 1 C C NNP 34457 3675 2 is be VBZ 34457 3675 3 the the DT 34457 3675 4 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 3675 5 point point NN 34457 3675 6 . . . 34457 3676 1 This this DT 34457 3676 2 point point NN 34457 3676 3 and and CC 34457 3676 4 the the DT 34457 3676 5 two two CD 34457 3676 6 curves curve NNS 34457 3676 7 lie lie VBP 34457 3676 8 in in IN 34457 3676 9 the the DT 34457 3676 10 YT yt NN 34457 3676 11 - - HYPH 34457 3676 12 plane plane NN 34457 3676 13 . . . 34457 3677 1 On on IN 34457 3677 2 passing pass VBG 34457 3677 3 to to IN 34457 3677 4 the the DT 34457 3677 5 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3677 6 systems system NNS 34457 3677 7 , , , 34457 3677 8 the the DT 34457 3677 9 composition composition NN 34457 3677 10 of of IN 34457 3677 11 the the DT 34457 3677 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 3677 13 must must MD 34457 3677 14 be be VB 34457 3677 15 represented represent VBN 34457 3677 16 by by IN 34457 3677 17 points point NNS 34457 3677 18 or or CC 34457 3677 19 curves curve NNS 34457 3677 20 situated situate VBN 34457 3677 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3677 22 between between IN 34457 3677 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3677 24 the the DT 34457 3677 25 two two CD 34457 3677 26 planes plane NNS 34457 3677 27 . . . 34457 3678 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3678 2 shall shall MD 34457 3678 3 now now RB 34457 3678 4 turn turn VB 34457 3678 5 to to IN 34457 3678 6 the the DT 34457 3678 7 consideration consideration NN 34457 3678 8 of of IN 34457 3678 9 these these DT 34457 3678 10 . . . 34457 3679 1 BD BD NNP 34457 3679 2 and and CC 34457 3679 3 CD CD NNP 34457 3679 4 are be VBP 34457 3679 5 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3679 6 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3679 7 curves curve NNS 34457 3679 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3679 9 p. p. NN 34457 3679 10 284 284 CD 34457 3679 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3679 12 . . . 34457 3680 1 They -PRON- PRP 34457 3680 2 give give VBP 34457 3680 3 the the DT 34457 3680 4 composition composition NN 34457 3680 5 of of IN 34457 3680 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 3680 7 in in IN 34457 3680 8 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3680 9 with with IN 34457 3680 10 ice ice NN 34457 3680 11 and and CC 34457 3680 12 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3680 13 chloride chloride NN 34457 3680 14 dodecahydrate dodecahydrate NN 34457 3680 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3680 16 BD BD NNP 34457 3680 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3680 18 , , , 34457 3680 19 and and CC 34457 3680 20 with with IN 34457 3680 21 ice ice NN 34457 3680 22 and and CC 34457 3680 23 potassium potassium NN 34457 3680 24 chloride chloride NN 34457 3680 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3680 26 CD cd NN 34457 3680 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3680 28 . . . 34457 3681 1 D D NNP 34457 3681 2 is be VBZ 34457 3681 3 a a DT 34457 3681 4 _ _ NNP 34457 3681 5 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3681 6 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 3681 7 point point NN 34457 3681 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3681 9 . . . 34457 3682 1 If if IN 34457 3682 2 the the DT 34457 3682 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3682 4 is be VBZ 34457 3682 5 raised raise VBN 34457 3682 6 and and CC 34457 3682 7 the the DT 34457 3682 8 ice ice NN 34457 3682 9 allowed allow VBN 34457 3682 10 to to TO 34457 3682 11 disappear disappear VB 34457 3682 12 , , , 34457 3682 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3682 14 shall shall MD 34457 3682 15 pass pass VB 34457 3682 16 to to IN 34457 3682 17 the the DT 34457 3682 18 solubility solubility NN 34457 3682 19 curve curve NN 34457 3682 20 for for IN 34457 3682 21 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3682 22 + + SYM 34457 3682 23 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3682 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3682 25 curve curve NN 34457 3682 26 DE DE NNP 34457 3682 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3682 28 . . . 34457 3683 1 At at IN 34457 3683 2 E E NNP 34457 3683 3 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3683 4 is be VBZ 34457 3683 5 formed form VBN 34457 3683 6 and and CC 34457 3683 7 the the DT 34457 3683 8 potassium potassium NN 34457 3683 9 chloride chloride NN 34457 3683 10 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3683 11 ; ; : 34457 3683 12 EFG EFG NNP 34457 3683 13 is be VBZ 34457 3683 14 then then RB 34457 3683 15 the the DT 34457 3683 16 solubility solubility NN 34457 3683 17 curve curve NN 34457 3683 18 for for IN 34457 3683 19 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3683 20 + + SYM 34457 3683 21 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3683 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3683 23 KMgCl_{3},6H_{2}O KMgCl_{3},6H_{2}O NNP 34457 3683 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3683 25 . . . 34457 3684 1 This this DT 34457 3684 2 curve curve NN 34457 3684 3 also also RB 34457 3684 4 shows show VBZ 34457 3684 5 a a DT 34457 3684 6 point point NN 34457 3684 7 of of IN 34457 3684 8 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3684 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3684 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3684 11 F F NNP 34457 3684 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3684 13 and and CC 34457 3684 14 a a DT 34457 3684 15 retroflex retroflex NN 34457 3684 16 portion portion NN 34457 3684 17 . . . 34457 3685 1 GH GH NNP 34457 3685 2 and and CC 34457 3685 3 HJ HJ NNP 34457 3685 4 represent represent VBP 34457 3685 5 the the DT 34457 3685 6 solubility solubility NN 34457 3685 7 curves curve NNS 34457 3685 8 of of IN 34457 3685 9 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3685 10 + + SYM 34457 3685 11 MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O mgcl_{2},8h_{2}o JJ 34457 3685 12 and and CC 34457 3685 13 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3685 14 + + SYM 34457 3685 15 MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O mgcl_{2},6h_{2}o CD 34457 3685 16 , , , 34457 3685 17 G g NN 34457 3685 18 and and CC 34457 3685 19 H H NNP 34457 3685 20 being be VBG 34457 3685 21 transition transition NN 34457 3685 22 points point NNS 34457 3685 23 . . . 34457 3686 1 JK JK NNP 34457 3686 2 is be VBZ 34457 3686 3 the the DT 34457 3686 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 3686 5 curve curve NN 34457 3686 6 for for IN 34457 3686 7 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3686 8 + + SYM 34457 3686 9 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O. MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O. NNP 34457 3687 1 At at IN 34457 3687 2 the the DT 34457 3687 3 point point NN 34457 3687 4 K k NN 34457 3687 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3687 6 have have VBP 34457 3687 7 the the DT 34457 3687 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3687 9 highest high JJS 34457 3687 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 3687 11 at at IN 34457 3687 12 which which WDT 34457 3687 13 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3687 14 can can MD 34457 3687 15 exist exist VB 34457 3687 16 with with IN 34457 3687 17 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3687 18 chloride chloride NN 34457 3687 19 in in IN 34457 3687 20 contact contact NN 34457 3687 21 with with IN 34457 3687 22 solution solution NN 34457 3687 23 _ _ NNP 34457 3687 24 . . . 34457 3688 1 Above above IN 34457 3688 2 this this DT 34457 3688 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3688 4 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3688 5 takes take VBZ 34457 3688 6 place place NN 34457 3688 7 and and CC 34457 3688 8 potassium potassium NN 34457 3688 9 chloride chloride NN 34457 3688 10 separates separate NNS 34457 3688 11 out out RP 34457 3688 12 . . . 34457 3689 1 If if IN 34457 3689 2 at at IN 34457 3689 3 the the DT 34457 3689 4 point point NN 34457 3689 5 E e NN 34457 3689 6 , , , 34457 3689 7 at at IN 34457 3689 8 which which WDT 34457 3689 9 the the DT 34457 3689 10 two two CD 34457 3689 11 single single JJ 34457 3689 12 salts salt NNS 34457 3689 13 and and CC 34457 3689 14 the the DT 34457 3689 15 double double JJ 34457 3689 16 salt salt NN 34457 3689 17 are be VBP 34457 3689 18 present present JJ 34457 3689 19 , , , 34457 3689 20 excess excess NN 34457 3689 21 of of IN 34457 3689 22 potassium potassium NN 34457 3689 23 chloride chloride NN 34457 3689 24 is be VBZ 34457 3689 25 added add VBN 34457 3689 26 , , , 34457 3689 27 the the DT 34457 3689 28 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3689 29 chloride chloride NN 34457 3689 30 will will MD 34457 3689 31 all all RB 34457 3689 32 disappear disappear VB 34457 3689 33 owing owe VBG 34457 3689 34 to to IN 34457 3689 35 the the DT 34457 3689 36 formation formation NN 34457 3689 37 of of IN 34457 3689 38 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3689 39 , , , 34457 3689 40 and and CC 34457 3689 41 there there EX 34457 3689 42 will will MD 34457 3689 43 be be VB 34457 3689 44 left leave VBN 34457 3689 45 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3689 46 and and CC 34457 3689 47 potassium potassium NN 34457 3689 48 chloride chloride NN 34457 3689 49 . . . 34457 3690 1 The the DT 34457 3690 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 3690 3 curve curve NN 34457 3690 4 for for IN 34457 3690 5 a a DT 34457 3690 6 mixture mixture NN 34457 3690 7 of of IN 34457 3690 8 these these DT 34457 3690 9 two two CD 34457 3690 10 salts salt NNS 34457 3690 11 is be VBZ 34457 3690 12 represented represent VBN 34457 3690 13 by by IN 34457 3690 14 EMK EMK NNP 34457 3690 15 ; ; : 34457 3690 16 a a DT 34457 3690 17 simple simple JJ 34457 3690 18 curve curve NN 34457 3690 19 exhibiting exhibiting NN 34457 3690 20 , , , 34457 3690 21 however however RB 34457 3690 22 , , , 34457 3690 23 a a DT 34457 3690 24 temperature temperature NN 34457 3690 25 maximum maximum NN 34457 3690 26 at at IN 34457 3690 27 M. M. NNP 34457 3690 28 This this DT 34457 3690 29 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3690 30 point point NN 34457 3690 31 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3690 32 with with IN 34457 3690 33 the the DT 34457 3690 34 fact fact NN 34457 3690 35 that that IN 34457 3690 36 dry dry JJ 34457 3690 37 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3690 38 melts melt NNS 34457 3690 39 at at IN 34457 3690 40 this this DT 34457 3690 41 temperature temperature NN 34457 3690 42 with with IN 34457 3690 43 separation separation NN 34457 3690 44 of of IN 34457 3690 45 potassium potassium NN 34457 3690 46 chloride chloride NN 34457 3690 47 . . . 34457 3691 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3691 2 At at IN 34457 3691 3 all all DT 34457 3691 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3691 5 { { -LRB- 34457 3691 6 287 287 CD 34457 3691 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3691 8 above above IN 34457 3691 9 this this DT 34457 3691 10 point point NN 34457 3691 11 , , , 34457 3691 12 the the DT 34457 3691 13 formation formation NN 34457 3691 14 of of IN 34457 3691 15 double double JJ 34457 3691 16 salt salt NN 34457 3691 17 is be VBZ 34457 3691 18 impossible impossible JJ 34457 3691 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3691 20 . . . 34457 3692 1 The the DT 34457 3692 2 retroflex retroflex JJ 34457 3692 3 portion portion NN 34457 3692 4 of of IN 34457 3692 5 the the DT 34457 3692 6 curve curve NN 34457 3692 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3692 8 solutions solution NNS 34457 3692 9 in in IN 34457 3692 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3692 11 with with IN 34457 3692 12 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3692 13 and and CC 34457 3692 14 potassium potassium NN 34457 3692 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 3692 16 , , , 34457 3692 17 but but CC 34457 3692 18 in in IN 34457 3692 19 which which WDT 34457 3692 20 the the DT 34457 3692 21 ratio ratio NN 34457 3692 22 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3692 23 } } -RRB- 34457 3692 24 : : : 34457 3692 25 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3692 26 is be VBZ 34457 3692 27 greater great JJR 34457 3692 28 than than IN 34457 3692 29 in in IN 34457 3692 30 the the DT 34457 3692 31 double double JJ 34457 3692 32 salt salt NN 34457 3692 33 . . . 34457 3693 1 Throughout throughout IN 34457 3693 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3693 3 whole whole JJ 34457 3693 4 course course NN 34457 3693 5 , , , 34457 3693 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3693 7 the the DT 34457 3693 8 curve curve NN 34457 3693 9 EMK EMK NNP 34457 3693 10 represents represent VBZ 34457 3693 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3693 12 in in IN 34457 3693 13 which which WDT 34457 3693 14 the the DT 34457 3693 15 ratio ratio NN 34457 3693 16 of of IN 34457 3693 17 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3693 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3693 19 : : : 34457 3693 20 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3693 21 is be VBZ 34457 3693 22 greater great JJR 34457 3693 23 than than IN 34457 3693 24 in in IN 34457 3693 25 the the DT 34457 3693 26 double double JJ 34457 3693 27 salt salt NN 34457 3693 28 _ _ NNP 34457 3693 29 . . . 34457 3694 1 As as IN 34457 3694 2 this this DT 34457 3694 3 is be VBZ 34457 3694 4 a a DT 34457 3694 5 point point NN 34457 3694 6 of of IN 34457 3694 7 some some DT 34457 3694 8 importance importance NN 34457 3694 9 , , , 34457 3694 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3694 11 will will MD 34457 3694 12 be be VB 34457 3694 13 well well RB 34457 3694 14 , , , 34457 3694 15 perhaps perhaps RB 34457 3694 16 , , , 34457 3694 17 to to TO 34457 3694 18 make make VB 34457 3694 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3694 20 clearer clear JJR 34457 3694 21 by by IN 34457 3694 22 giving give VBG 34457 3694 23 one one CD 34457 3694 24 of of IN 34457 3694 25 the the DT 34457 3694 26 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3694 27 curves curve NNS 34457 3694 28 , , , 34457 3694 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3694 30 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3694 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3694 32 the the DT 34457 3694 33 curve curve NN 34457 3694 34 for for IN 34457 3694 35 10 10 NNP 34457 3694 36 ° ° NNS 34457 3694 37 , , , 34457 3694 38 which which WDT 34457 3694 39 is be VBZ 34457 3694 40 represented represent VBN 34457 3694 41 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 3694 42 in in IN 34457 3694 43 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3694 44 . . . 34457 3695 1 114 114 CD 34457 3695 2 . . . 34457 3696 1 E E NNP 34457 3696 2 and and CC 34457 3696 3 F f NN 34457 3696 4 here here RB 34457 3696 5 represent represent VBP 34457 3696 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 3696 7 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3696 8 for for IN 34457 3696 9 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3696 10 plus plus CC 34457 3696 11 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3696 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 3696 13 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 3696 14 , , , 34457 3696 15 and and CC 34457 3696 16 for for IN 34457 3696 17 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3696 18 plus plus CC 34457 3696 19 potassium potassium NN 34457 3696 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 3696 21 . . . 34457 3697 1 As as IN 34457 3697 2 is be VBZ 34457 3697 3 evident evident JJ 34457 3697 4 , , , 34457 3697 5 the the DT 34457 3697 6 point point NN 34457 3697 7 F F NNP 34457 3697 8 lies lie VBZ 34457 3697 9 above above IN 34457 3697 10 the the DT 34457 3697 11 line line NN 34457 3697 12 representing represent VBG 34457 3697 13 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3697 14 proportions proportion NNS 34457 3697 15 of of IN 34457 3697 16 the the DT 34457 3697 17 salts salt NNS 34457 3697 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3697 19 OD OD NNP 34457 3697 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3697 21 . . . 34457 3698 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3698 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3698 3 : : : 34457 3698 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3698 5 . . . 34457 3699 1 114 114 CD 34457 3699 2 . . . 34457 3699 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3700 1 Summary Summary NNP 34457 3700 2 and and CC 34457 3700 3 Numerical Numerical NNP 34457 3700 4 Data.--We Data.--We NNP 34457 3700 5 may may MD 34457 3700 6 now now RB 34457 3700 7 sum sum VB 34457 3700 8 up up RP 34457 3700 9 the the DT 34457 3700 10 different different JJ 34457 3700 11 systems system NNS 34457 3700 12 which which WDT 34457 3700 13 can can MD 34457 3700 14 be be VB 34457 3700 15 formed form VBN 34457 3700 16 , , , 34457 3700 17 and and CC 34457 3700 18 give give VB 34457 3700 19 the the DT 34457 3700 20 numerical numerical JJ 34457 3700 21 data data NN 34457 3700 22 from from IN 34457 3700 23 which which WDT 34457 3700 24 the the DT 34457 3700 25 model model NN 34457 3700 26 is be VBZ 34457 3700 27 constructed construct VBN 34457 3700 28 . . . 34457 3701 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3701 2 366 366 CD 34457 3701 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3701 4 I. i. NN 34457 3702 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3702 2 Bivariant Bivariant NNP 34457 3702 3 Systems Systems NNP 34457 3702 4 . . . 34457 3702 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3702 6 -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3702 7 Solid solid JJ 34457 3702 8 phase phase NN 34457 3702 9 . . . 34457 3703 1 | | NNP 34457 3703 2 Area Area NNP 34457 3703 3 of of IN 34457 3703 4 existence existence NN 34457 3703 5 . . . 34457 3704 1 -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3704 2 Ice ice NN 34457 3704 3 | | CD 34457 3704 4 ABDC abdc JJ 34457 3704 5 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3704 6 | | NNP 34457 3704 7 CDEMKLNO CDEMKLNO NNP 34457 3704 8 Carnallite Carnallite NNP 34457 3704 9 | | NNP 34457 3704 10 EFGHJKM EFGHJKM NNP 34457 3704 11 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3704 12 | | NNP 34457 3704 13 BF_{1}G_{1}GFED bf_{1}g_{1}gfed NN 34457 3704 14 MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O mgcl_{2},8h_{2}o CD 34457 3704 15 | | NNS 34457 3704 16 G_{1}H_{1}HG G_{1}H_{1}HG NNP 34457 3704 17 MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O mgcl_{2},6h_{2}o CD 34457 3704 18 | | NNS 34457 3704 19 H_{1}I_{1}IH h_{1}i_{1}ih NN 34457 3704 20 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O mgcl_{2},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3704 21 | | CD 34457 3704 22 I_{1}L_{1}LKI i_{1}l_{1}lki JJ 34457 3704 23 MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O mgcl_{2},2h_{2}o CD 34457 3704 24 | | NNS 34457 3704 25 L_{1}N_{1}NL L_{1}N_{1}NL VBD 34457 3704 26 -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- : 34457 3704 27 II ii CD 34457 3704 28 . . . 34457 3705 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3705 2 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 3705 3 Systems._--The Systems._--The NNP 34457 3705 4 different different JJ 34457 3705 5 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3705 6 systems system NNS 34457 3705 7 have have VBP 34457 3705 8 already already RB 34457 3705 9 been be VBN 34457 3705 10 described describe VBN 34457 3705 11 . . . 34457 3706 1 The the DT 34457 3706 2 course course NN 34457 3706 3 of of IN 34457 3706 4 the the DT 34457 3706 5 curves curve NNS 34457 3706 6 will will MD 34457 3706 7 be be VB 34457 3706 8 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 3706 9 indicated indicate VBN 34457 3706 10 if if IN 34457 3706 11 the the DT 34457 3706 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3706 13 and and CC 34457 3706 14 composition composition NN 34457 3706 15 of of IN 34457 3706 16 the the DT 34457 3706 17 solutions solution NNS 34457 3706 18 for for IN 34457 3706 19 the the DT 34457 3706 20 different different JJ 34457 3706 21 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3706 22 systems system NNS 34457 3706 23 are be VBP 34457 3706 24 given give VBN 34457 3706 25 . . . 34457 3707 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3707 2 288 288 CD 34457 3707 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3707 4 III.--_Invariant iii.--_invariant JJ 34457 3707 5 Systems system NNS 34457 3707 6 -- -- : 34457 3707 7 Binary Binary NNP 34457 3707 8 and and CC 34457 3707 9 Ternary Ternary NNP 34457 3707 10 . . . 34457 3707 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3707 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NNP 34457 3707 13 | | NNP 34457 3707 14 | | NNP 34457 3707 15 | | NNP 34457 3707 16 Composition composition NN 34457 3707 17 of of IN 34457 3707 18 solution solution NN 34457 3707 19 . . . 34457 3708 1 Point point NN 34457 3708 2 . . . 34457 3709 1 | | NNP 34457 3709 2 Solid Solid NNP 34457 3709 3 Phases Phases NNP 34457 3709 4 . . . 34457 3710 1 | | NNP 34457 3710 2 Temper- Temper- NNP 34457 3710 3 | | NNP 34457 3710 4 Gram Gram NNP 34457 3710 5 - - HYPH 34457 3710 6 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3710 7 of of IN 34457 3710 8 salt salt NN 34457 3710 9 | | NNP 34457 3710 10 | | CD 34457 3710 11 ature ature NN 34457 3710 12 . . . 34457 3711 1 | | NNS 34457 3711 2 per per IN 34457 3711 3 1000 1000 CD 34457 3711 4 gram gram NN 34457 3711 5 - - HYPH 34457 3711 6 mol mol NNP 34457 3711 7 . . . 34457 3712 1 water water NN 34457 3712 2 . . . 34457 3713 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3713 2 A a DT 34457 3713 3 | | NNP 34457 3713 4 Ice Ice NNP 34457 3713 5 | | NNP 34457 3713 6 0 0â NN 34457 3713 7 ° ° , 34457 3713 8 | | NNP 34457 3713 9 -- -- : 34457 3713 10 | | CD 34457 3713 11 | | CD 34457 3713 12 | | NNP 34457 3713 13 B B NNP 34457 3713 14 | | NNP 34457 3713 15 Ice Ice NNP 34457 3713 16 ; ; : 34457 3713 17 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 18 | | NNP 34457 3713 19 -33.6 -33.6 NNP 34457 3713 20 ° ° , 34457 3713 21 | | CD 34457 3713 22 49.2 49.2 CD 34457 3713 23 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3713 24 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 25 | | NNP 34457 3713 26 | | NNP 34457 3713 27 | | NNP 34457 3713 28 C C NNP 34457 3713 29 | | NNP 34457 3713 30 Ice Ice NNP 34457 3713 31 ; ; : 34457 3713 32 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3713 33 | | NNP 34457 3713 34 -11.1 -11.1 NNP 34457 3713 35 ° ° , 34457 3713 36 | | CD 34457 3713 37 59.4 59.4 CD 34457 3713 38 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3713 39 | | NNP 34457 3713 40 | | CD 34457 3713 41 | | NNP 34457 3713 42 D d NN 34457 3713 43 | | NN 34457 3713 44 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 45 Ice ice NN 34457 3713 46 ; ; : 34457 3713 47 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 48 ; ; : 34457 3713 49 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 50 | | NNP 34457 3713 51 -34.3 -34.3 NNP 34457 3713 52 ° ° , 34457 3713 53 | | NNP 34457 3713 54 43 43 CD 34457 3713 55 MgCl_{2 MgCl_{2 NNS 34457 3713 56 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 57 ; ; : 34457 3713 58 3 3 CD 34457 3713 59 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3713 60 | | POS 34457 3713 61 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 62 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3713 63 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 64 | | NNP 34457 3713 65 | | NNP 34457 3713 66 | | CD 34457 3713 67 | | CD 34457 3713 68 | | CD 34457 3713 69 E e NN 34457 3713 70 | | NN 34457 3713 71 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 72 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 73 ; ; : 34457 3713 74 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3713 75 ; ; : 34457 3713 76 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 77 | | NNP 34457 3713 78 -21 -21 NNP 34457 3713 79 ° ° , 34457 3713 80 | | NNP 34457 3713 81 66.1 66.1 CD 34457 3713 82 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3713 83 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 84 ; ; : 34457 3713 85 4.9 4.9 CD 34457 3713 86 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3713 87 | | CD 34457 3713 88 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 89 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3713 90 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 91 | | NNP 34457 3713 92 | | NNP 34457 3713 93 | | CD 34457 3713 94 | | CD 34457 3713 95 | | NNP 34457 3713 96 F_{1 F_{1 NNP 34457 3713 97 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 98 | | NNP 34457 3713 99 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 100 | | NNP 34457 3713 101 -16.4 -16.4 NNP 34457 3713 102 ° ° , 34457 3713 103 | | CD 34457 3713 104 83.33 83.33 CD 34457 3713 105 MgCl_{2 MgCl_{2 NNP 34457 3713 106 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 107 | | NNP 34457 3713 108 | | NNP 34457 3713 109 | | NNP 34457 3713 110 F f NN 34457 3713 111 | | NN 34457 3713 112 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 113 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 114 ; ; : 34457 3713 115 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 116 | | NNP 34457 3713 117 -16.6 -16.6 NNP 34457 3713 118 ° ° , 34457 3713 119 | | NNS 34457 3713 120 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 121 Almost almost RB 34457 3713 122 same same JJ 34457 3713 123 as as IN 34457 3713 124 F_{1 F_{1 NNP 34457 3713 125 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 126 ; ; : 34457 3713 127 | | NNP 34457 3713 128 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 129 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3713 130 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 131 | | NNP 34457 3713 132 | | CD 34457 3713 133 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 134 contains contain VBZ 34457 3713 135 small small JJ 34457 3713 136 amount amount NN 34457 3713 137 | | CD 34457 3713 138 | | CD 34457 3713 139 | | NNS 34457 3713 140 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 141 of of IN 34457 3713 142 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3713 143 | | NNP 34457 3713 144 | | NNP 34457 3713 145 | | NNP 34457 3713 146 G_{1 G_{1 NNP 34457 3713 147 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 148 | | NNP 34457 3713 149 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 150 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 151 ; ; : 34457 3713 152 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 153 | | NNP 34457 3713 154 -16.8 -16.8 NNP 34457 3713 155 ° ° , 34457 3713 156 | | NNP 34457 3713 157 87.5 87.5 CD 34457 3713 158 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3713 159 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 160 | | NNP 34457 3713 161 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 162 MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 163 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 164 | | NNP 34457 3713 165 | | NNP 34457 3713 166 | | CD 34457 3713 167 | | CD 34457 3713 168 | | CD 34457 3713 169 G g NN 34457 3713 170 | | NN 34457 3713 171 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 172 MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O MgCl_{2},12H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 173 ; ; : 34457 3713 174 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 175 | | NNP 34457 3713 176 -16.9 -16.9â NN 34457 3713 177 ° ° , 34457 3713 178 | | NNP 34457 3713 179 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 180 Almost almost RB 34457 3713 181 same same JJ 34457 3713 182 as as IN 34457 3713 183 G_{1 G_{1 NNP 34457 3713 184 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 185 , , , 34457 3713 186 | | VB 34457 3713 187 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 188 MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O mgcl_{2},8h_{2}o UH 34457 3713 189 ; ; : 34457 3713 190 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 191 | | CD 34457 3713 192 | | NNS 34457 3713 193 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 194 but but CC 34457 3713 195 contains contain VBZ 34457 3713 196 small small JJ 34457 3713 197 | | CD 34457 3713 198 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 199 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3713 200 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 201 | | NNP 34457 3713 202 | | CD 34457 3713 203 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 204 quantity quantity NN 34457 3713 205 of of IN 34457 3713 206 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3713 207 | | NNP 34457 3713 208 | | NNP 34457 3713 209 | | NNP 34457 3713 210 H_{1 H_{1 NNP 34457 3713 211 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 212 | | NNP 34457 3713 213 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 214 MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O mgcl_{2},8h_{2}o UH 34457 3713 215 ; ; : 34457 3713 216 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 217 | | CD 34457 3713 218 -3.4 -3.4â NN 34457 3713 219 ° ° , 34457 3713 220 | | CD 34457 3713 221 99 99 CD 34457 3713 222 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3713 223 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 224 | | JJ 34457 3713 225 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 226 MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O NNP 34457 3713 227 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 228 | | NNP 34457 3713 229 | | CD 34457 3713 230 | | CD 34457 3713 231 | | CD 34457 3713 232 | | CD 34457 3713 233 H h NN 34457 3713 234 | | NN 34457 3713 235 { { -LRB- 34457 3713 236 MgCl_{2},8H_{2}O mgcl_{2},8h_{2}o UH 34457 3713 237 ; ; : 34457 3713 238 } } -RRB- 34457 3713 239 |ca |ca CD 34457 3713 240 . . . 34457 3714 1 -3.4 -3.4 : 34457 3714 2 ° ° , 34457 3714 3 | | NNP 34457 3714 4 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 5 Almost almost RB 34457 3714 6 same same JJ 34457 3714 7 as as IN 34457 3714 8 H_{1 H_{1 NNP 34457 3714 9 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 10 , , , 34457 3714 11 | | NNP 34457 3714 12 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 13 MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O mgcl_{2},6h_{2}o CD 34457 3714 14 ; ; : 34457 3714 15 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 16 | | CD 34457 3714 17 | | NNS 34457 3714 18 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 19 but but CC 34457 3714 20 contains contain VBZ 34457 3714 21 small small JJ 34457 3714 22 | | CD 34457 3714 23 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 24 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3714 25 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 26 | | NNP 34457 3714 27 | | CD 34457 3714 28 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 29 amount amount NN 34457 3714 30 of of IN 34457 3714 31 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3714 32 | | NNP 34457 3714 33 | | NNP 34457 3714 34 | | NNP 34457 3714 35 J_{1 J_{1 NNP 34457 3714 36 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 37 | | NNP 34457 3714 38 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 39 MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O mgcl_{2},6h_{2}o CD 34457 3714 40 ; ; : 34457 3714 41 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 42 | | CD 34457 3714 43 116.67 116.67â NN 34457 3714 44 ° ° , 34457 3714 45 | | CD 34457 3714 46 161.8 161.8 CD 34457 3714 47 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3714 48 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 49 | | NNP 34457 3714 50 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 51 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O NNP 34457 3714 52 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 53 | | NNP 34457 3714 54 | | NNP 34457 3714 55 | | CD 34457 3714 56 | | CD 34457 3714 57 | | NNP 34457 3714 58 J J NNP 34457 3714 59 | | NNP 34457 3714 60 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 61 MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O MgCl_{2},6H_{2}O NNP 34457 3714 62 ; ; : 34457 3714 63 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 64 | | CD 34457 3714 65 115.7 115.7â CD 34457 3714 66 ° ° , 34457 3714 67 | | CD 34457 3714 68 162 162 CD 34457 3714 69 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3714 70 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 71 ; ; : 34457 3714 72 4 4 CD 34457 3714 73 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3714 74 | | CD 34457 3714 75 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 76 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O mgcl_{2},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3714 77 ; ; : 34457 3714 78 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 79 | | CD 34457 3714 80 | | CD 34457 3714 81 | | CD 34457 3714 82 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 83 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3714 84 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 85 | | NNP 34457 3714 86 | | NNP 34457 3714 87 | | CD 34457 3714 88 | | CD 34457 3714 89 | | CD 34457 3714 90 K k NN 34457 3714 91 | | NNP 34457 3714 92 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 93 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O mgcl_{2},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3714 94 ; ; : 34457 3714 95 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3714 96 ; ; : 34457 3714 97 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 98 | | CD 34457 3714 99 152.5 152.5â CD 34457 3714 100 ° ° , 34457 3714 101 | | CD 34457 3714 102 200 200 CD 34457 3714 103 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3714 104 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 105 ; ; : 34457 3714 106 24 24 CD 34457 3714 107 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3714 108 | | CD 34457 3714 109 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 110 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3714 111 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 112 | | NNP 34457 3714 113 | | NNP 34457 3714 114 | | CD 34457 3714 115 | | CD 34457 3714 116 | | NNP 34457 3714 117 L_{1 L_{1 NNP 34457 3714 118 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 119 | | NNP 34457 3714 120 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 121 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O mgcl_{2},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3714 122 ; ; : 34457 3714 123 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 124 | | NNP 34457 3714 125 181 181â CD 34457 3714 126 ° ° , 34457 3714 127 | | CD 34457 3714 128 238.1 238.1 CD 34457 3714 129 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3714 130 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 131 | | NNP 34457 3714 132 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 133 MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O NNP 34457 3714 134 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 135 | | NNP 34457 3714 136 | | NNP 34457 3714 137 | | CD 34457 3714 138 | | CD 34457 3714 139 | | NNP 34457 3714 140 L l NN 34457 3714 141 | | CD 34457 3714 142 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 143 MgCl_{2},4H_{2}O mgcl_{2},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3714 144 ; ; : 34457 3714 145 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 146 | | NNP 34457 3714 147 176 176â CD 34457 3714 148 ° ° , 34457 3714 149 | | CD 34457 3714 150 240 240 CD 34457 3714 151 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3714 152 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 153 ; ; : 34457 3714 154 41 41 CD 34457 3714 155 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3714 156 | | NNS 34457 3714 157 { { -LRB- 34457 3714 158 MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O mgcl_{2},2h_{2}o UH 34457 3714 159 ; ; : 34457 3714 160 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3714 161 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 162 | | NNP 34457 3714 163 | | NNP 34457 3714 164 | | CD 34457 3714 165 | | CD 34457 3714 166 | | NNP 34457 3714 167 M M NNP 34457 3714 168 | | NNP 34457 3714 169 Carnallite Carnallite NNP 34457 3714 170 ; ; : 34457 3714 171 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3714 172 | | NNP 34457 3714 173 167.5 167.5 NNP 34457 3714 174 ° ° , 34457 3714 175 | | CD 34457 3714 176 166.7 166.7 CD 34457 3714 177 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3714 178 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 179 ; ; : 34457 3714 180 41.7 41.7 CD 34457 3714 181 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3714 182 | | NNP 34457 3714 183 | | CD 34457 3714 184 | | CD 34457 3714 185 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3714 186 N_{1 N_{1 NNP 34457 3714 187 } } -RRB- 34457 3714 188 | | NNP 34457 3714 189 MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O NNP 34457 3714 190 | | NNP 34457 3714 191 186 186 NNP 34457 3714 192 ° ° , 34457 3714 193 | | NNP 34457 3714 194 ca ca NN 34457 3714 195 . . . 34457 3715 1 241 241 CD 34457 3715 2 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3715 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3715 4 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3715 5 | | NNP 34457 3715 6 | | CD 34457 3715 7 | | NNP 34457 3715 8 N n CD 34457 3715 9 | | NNP 34457 3715 10 MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O MgCl_{2},2H_{2}O NNPS 34457 3715 11 ; ; : 34457 3715 12 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3715 13 | | NNP 34457 3715 14 186 186â CD 34457 3715 15 ° ° , 34457 3715 16 | | NNP 34457 3715 17 240 240 CD 34457 3715 18 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3715 19 } } -RRB- 34457 3715 20 ; ; : 34457 3715 21 63 63 CD 34457 3715 22 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3715 23 | | CD 34457 3715 24 | | CD 34457 3715 25 | | CD 34457 3715 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3715 27 O o NN 34457 3715 28 | | CD 34457 3715 29 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3715 30 | | NNP 34457 3715 31 186 186â CD 34457 3715 32 ° ° , 34457 3715 33 | | CD 34457 3715 34 195.6 195.6 CD 34457 3715 35 KCl KCl NNS 34457 3715 36 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3715 37 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3715 38 With with IN 34457 3715 39 the the DT 34457 3715 40 help help NN 34457 3715 41 of of IN 34457 3715 42 the the DT 34457 3715 43 data datum NNS 34457 3715 44 in in IN 34457 3715 45 the the DT 34457 3715 46 preceding precede VBG 34457 3715 47 table table NN 34457 3715 48 and and CC 34457 3715 49 of of IN 34457 3715 50 the the DT 34457 3715 51 solid solid JJ 34457 3715 52 model model NN 34457 3715 53 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3715 54 will will MD 34457 3715 55 be be VB 34457 3715 56 possible possible JJ 34457 3715 57 to to TO 34457 3715 58 state state VB 34457 3715 59 in in IN 34457 3715 60 any any DT 34457 3715 61 given give VBN 34457 3715 62 case case NN 34457 3715 63 what what WP 34457 3715 64 will will MD 34457 3715 65 be be VB 34457 3715 66 the the DT 34457 3715 67 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3715 68 of of IN 34457 3715 69 a a DT 34457 3715 70 system system NN 34457 3715 71 composed compose VBN 34457 3715 72 of of IN 34457 3715 73 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3715 74 chloride chloride NN 34457 3715 75 , , , 34457 3715 76 potassium potassium NN 34457 3715 77 chloride chloride NN 34457 3715 78 and and CC 34457 3715 79 water water NN 34457 3715 80 . . . 34457 3716 1 One one CD 34457 3716 2 or or CC 34457 3716 3 two two CD 34457 3716 4 different different JJ 34457 3716 5 cases case NNS 34457 3716 6 will will MD 34457 3716 7 be be VB 34457 3716 8 very very RB 34457 3716 9 briefly briefly RB 34457 3716 10 described describe VBN 34457 3716 11 ; ; : 34457 3716 12 and and CC 34457 3716 13 the the DT 34457 3716 14 reader reader NN 34457 3716 15 should should MD 34457 3716 16 have have VB 34457 3716 17 no no DT 34457 3716 18 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 3716 19 in in IN 34457 3716 20 working work VBG 34457 3716 21 out out RP 34457 3716 22 the the DT 34457 3716 23 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3716 24 under under IN 34457 3716 25 other other JJ 34457 3716 26 conditions condition NNS 34457 3716 27 with with IN 34457 3716 28 the the DT 34457 3716 29 help help NN 34457 3716 30 of of IN 34457 3716 31 the the DT 34457 3716 32 model model NN 34457 3716 33 and and CC 34457 3716 34 the the DT 34457 3716 35 numerical numerical JJ 34457 3716 36 data datum NNS 34457 3716 37 just just RB 34457 3716 38 given give VBN 34457 3716 39 . . . 34457 3717 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3717 2 289 289 CD 34457 3717 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3717 4 In in IN 34457 3717 5 the the DT 34457 3717 6 first first JJ 34457 3717 7 place place NN 34457 3717 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3717 9 may may MD 34457 3717 10 be be VB 34457 3717 11 again again RB 34457 3717 12 noted note VBN 34457 3717 13 that that IN 34457 3717 14 at at IN 34457 3717 15 a a DT 34457 3717 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 3717 17 above above IN 34457 3717 18 167.5 167.5â CD 34457 3717 19 ° ° NNS 34457 3717 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3717 21 point point NN 34457 3717 22 M M NNP 34457 3717 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3717 24 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3717 25 can can MD 34457 3717 26 not not RB 34457 3717 27 exist exist VB 34457 3717 28 . . . 34457 3718 1 If if IN 34457 3718 2 , , , 34457 3718 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3718 4 , , , 34457 3718 5 a a DT 34457 3718 6 solution solution NN 34457 3718 7 of of IN 34457 3718 8 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3718 9 and and CC 34457 3718 10 potassium potassium NN 34457 3718 11 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 3718 12 is be VBZ 34457 3718 13 evaporated evaporate VBN 34457 3718 14 at at IN 34457 3718 15 a a DT 34457 3718 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 3718 17 above above IN 34457 3718 18 this this DT 34457 3718 19 point point NN 34457 3718 20 , , , 34457 3718 21 the the DT 34457 3718 22 result result NN 34457 3718 23 will will MD 34457 3718 24 be be VB 34457 3718 25 a a DT 34457 3718 26 mixture mixture NN 34457 3718 27 of of IN 34457 3718 28 potassium potassium NN 34457 3718 29 chloride chloride NN 34457 3718 30 and and CC 34457 3718 31 either either DT 34457 3718 32 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3718 33 chloride chloride NN 34457 3718 34 tetrahydrate tetrahydrate NN 34457 3718 35 or or CC 34457 3718 36 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3718 37 chloride chloride NN 34457 3718 38 dihydrate dihydrate NN 34457 3718 39 , , , 34457 3718 40 according accord VBG 34457 3718 41 as as IN 34457 3718 42 the the DT 34457 3718 43 temperature temperature NN 34457 3718 44 is be VBZ 34457 3718 45 below below RB 34457 3718 46 or or CC 34457 3718 47 above above IN 34457 3718 48 176 176â CD 34457 3718 49 ° ° NNS 34457 3718 50 . . . 34457 3719 1 The the DT 34457 3719 2 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3719 3 curve curve NN 34457 3719 4 here here RB 34457 3719 5 consists consist VBZ 34457 3719 6 of of IN 34457 3719 7 only only RB 34457 3719 8 two two CD 34457 3719 9 branches branch NNS 34457 3719 10 . . . 34457 3720 1 Further further RB 34457 3720 2 , , , 34457 3720 3 reference reference NN 34457 3720 4 has have VBZ 34457 3720 5 already already RB 34457 3720 6 been be VBN 34457 3720 7 made make VBN 34457 3720 8 to to IN 34457 3720 9 the the DT 34457 3720 10 fact fact NN 34457 3720 11 that that IN 34457 3720 12 all all DT 34457 3720 13 points point NNS 34457 3720 14 of of IN 34457 3720 15 the the DT 34457 3720 16 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3720 17 area area NN 34457 3720 18 correspond correspond VBP 34457 3720 19 to to IN 34457 3720 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 3720 21 in in IN 34457 3720 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3720 23 with with IN 34457 3720 24 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3720 25 , , , 34457 3720 26 but but CC 34457 3720 27 in in IN 34457 3720 28 which which WDT 34457 3720 29 the the DT 34457 3720 30 ratio ratio NN 34457 3720 31 of of IN 34457 3720 32 MgCl_{2 mgcl_{2 NN 34457 3720 33 } } -RRB- 34457 3720 34 to to IN 34457 3720 35 KCl KCl NNP 34457 3720 36 is be VBZ 34457 3720 37 greater great JJR 34457 3720 38 than than IN 34457 3720 39 in in IN 34457 3720 40 the the DT 34457 3720 41 double double JJ 34457 3720 42 salt salt NN 34457 3720 43 . . . 34457 3721 1 A a DT 34457 3721 2 solution solution NN 34457 3721 3 which which WDT 34457 3721 4 is be VBZ 34457 3721 5 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3721 6 with with IN 34457 3721 7 respect respect NN 34457 3721 8 to to TO 34457 3721 9 double double JJ 34457 3721 10 salt salt NN 34457 3721 11 alone alone RB 34457 3721 12 will will MD 34457 3721 13 be be VB 34457 3721 14 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 3721 15 with with IN 34457 3721 16 respect respect NN 34457 3721 17 to to IN 34457 3721 18 potassium potassium NN 34457 3721 19 chloride chloride NN 34457 3721 20 . . . 34457 3722 1 At at IN 34457 3722 2 all all DT 34457 3722 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3722 4 , , , 34457 3722 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3722 6 , , , 34457 3722 7 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3722 8 is be VBZ 34457 3722 9 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3722 10 by by IN 34457 3722 11 water water NN 34457 3722 12 with with IN 34457 3722 13 separation separation NN 34457 3722 14 of of IN 34457 3722 15 potassium potassium NN 34457 3722 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 3722 17 ; ; : 34457 3722 18 hence hence RB 34457 3722 19 all all DT 34457 3722 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 3722 21 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3722 22 by by IN 34457 3722 23 adding add VBG 34457 3722 24 excess excess NN 34457 3722 25 of of IN 34457 3722 26 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3722 27 to to IN 34457 3722 28 water water NN 34457 3722 29 will will MD 34457 3722 30 lie lie VB 34457 3722 31 on on IN 34457 3722 32 the the DT 34457 3722 33 curve curve NN 34457 3722 34 EM em NN 34457 3722 35 . . . 34457 3723 1 _ _ NNP 34457 3723 2 A a DT 34457 3723 3 pure pure JJ 34457 3723 4 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3723 5 solution solution NN 34457 3723 6 of of IN 34457 3723 7 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3723 8 can can MD 34457 3723 9 not not RB 34457 3723 10 be be VB 34457 3723 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3723 12 . . . 34457 3723 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3723 14 If if IN 34457 3723 15 an an DT 34457 3723 16 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 3723 17 solution solution NN 34457 3723 18 of of IN 34457 3723 19 the the DT 34457 3723 20 two two CD 34457 3723 21 salts salt NNS 34457 3723 22 in in IN 34457 3723 23 equimolecular equimolecular JJ 34457 3723 24 amounts amount NNS 34457 3723 25 is be VBZ 34457 3723 26 evaporated evaporate VBN 34457 3723 27 , , , 34457 3723 28 potassium potassium NN 34457 3723 29 chloride chloride NN 34457 3723 30 will will MD 34457 3723 31 first first RB 34457 3723 32 be be VB 34457 3723 33 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3723 34 , , , 34457 3723 35 because because IN 34457 3723 36 the the DT 34457 3723 37 plane plane NN 34457 3723 38 bisecting bisect VBG 34457 3723 39 the the DT 34457 3723 40 right right JJ 34457 3723 41 angle angle NN 34457 3723 42 formed form VBN 34457 3723 43 by by IN 34457 3723 44 the the DT 34457 3723 45 X x NN 34457 3723 46 and and CC 34457 3723 47 Y Y NNP 34457 3723 48 axes axis NNS 34457 3723 49 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3723 50 the the DT 34457 3723 51 area area NN 34457 3723 52 for for IN 34457 3723 53 that that DT 34457 3723 54 salt salt NN 34457 3723 55 . . . 34457 3724 1 Deposition deposition NN 34457 3724 2 of of IN 34457 3724 3 potassium potassium NN 34457 3724 4 chloride chloride NN 34457 3724 5 will will MD 34457 3724 6 lead lead VB 34457 3724 7 to to IN 34457 3724 8 a a DT 34457 3724 9 relative relative JJ 34457 3724 10 increase increase NN 34457 3724 11 in in IN 34457 3724 12 the the DT 34457 3724 13 concentration concentration NN 34457 3724 14 of of IN 34457 3724 15 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3724 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 3724 17 in in IN 34457 3724 18 the the DT 34457 3724 19 solution solution NN 34457 3724 20 ; ; : 34457 3724 21 and and CC 34457 3724 22 on on IN 34457 3724 23 continued continue VBN 34457 3724 24 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3724 25 a a DT 34457 3724 26 point point NN 34457 3724 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3724 28 on on IN 34457 3724 29 the the DT 34457 3724 30 curve curve NN 34457 3724 31 EM em NN 34457 3724 32 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3724 33 will will MD 34457 3724 34 be be VB 34457 3724 35 reached reach VBN 34457 3724 36 at at IN 34457 3724 37 which which WDT 34457 3724 38 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3724 39 will will MD 34457 3724 40 separate separate VB 34457 3724 41 out out RP 34457 3724 42 . . . 34457 3725 1 So so RB 34457 3725 2 long long RB 34457 3725 3 as as IN 34457 3725 4 the the DT 34457 3725 5 two two CD 34457 3725 6 solid solid JJ 34457 3725 7 phases phase NNS 34457 3725 8 are be VBP 34457 3725 9 present present JJ 34457 3725 10 , , , 34457 3725 11 the the DT 34457 3725 12 composition composition NN 34457 3725 13 of of IN 34457 3725 14 the the DT 34457 3725 15 solution solution NN 34457 3725 16 must must MD 34457 3725 17 remain remain VB 34457 3725 18 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 3725 19 . . . 34457 3726 1 Since since IN 34457 3726 2 the the DT 34457 3726 3 separation separation NN 34457 3726 4 of of IN 34457 3726 5 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3726 6 causes cause VBZ 34457 3726 7 a a DT 34457 3726 8 decrease decrease NN 34457 3726 9 in in IN 34457 3726 10 the the DT 34457 3726 11 relative relative JJ 34457 3726 12 concentration concentration NN 34457 3726 13 of of IN 34457 3726 14 the the DT 34457 3726 15 potassium potassium NN 34457 3726 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 3726 17 in in IN 34457 3726 18 the the DT 34457 3726 19 solution solution NN 34457 3726 20 , , , 34457 3726 21 the the DT 34457 3726 22 portion portion NN 34457 3726 23 of of IN 34457 3726 24 this this DT 34457 3726 25 salt salt NN 34457 3726 26 which which WDT 34457 3726 27 was be VBD 34457 3726 28 deposited deposit VBN 34457 3726 29 at at IN 34457 3726 30 the the DT 34457 3726 31 commencement commencement NN 34457 3726 32 must must MD 34457 3726 33 _ _ NNP 34457 3726 34 redissolve redissolve VB 34457 3726 35 _ _ NNP 34457 3726 36 , , , 34457 3726 37 and and CC 34457 3726 38 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3726 39 will will MD 34457 3726 40 be be VB 34457 3726 41 left leave VBN 34457 3726 42 on on IN 34457 3726 43 evaporating evaporate VBG 34457 3726 44 to to IN 34457 3726 45 dryness dryness NN 34457 3726 46 . . . 34457 3727 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3727 2 _ _ NNP 34457 3727 3 Incongruently incongruently RB 34457 3727 4 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3727 5 solution solution NN 34457 3727 6 . . . 34457 3727 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3727 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3727 9 Although although IN 34457 3727 10 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3727 11 is be VBZ 34457 3727 12 decomposed decompose VBN 34457 3727 13 by by IN 34457 3727 14 pure pure JJ 34457 3727 15 water water NN 34457 3727 16 , , , 34457 3727 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3727 18 will will MD 34457 3727 19 be be VB 34457 3727 20 possible possible JJ 34457 3727 21 to to TO 34457 3727 22 crystallize crystallize VB 34457 3727 23 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3727 24 from from IN 34457 3727 25 a a DT 34457 3727 26 solution solution NN 34457 3727 27 having have VBG 34457 3727 28 a a DT 34457 3727 29 composition composition NN 34457 3727 30 represented represent VBN 34457 3727 31 by by IN 34457 3727 32 any any DT 34457 3727 33 point point NN 34457 3727 34 in in IN 34457 3727 35 the the DT 34457 3727 36 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3727 37 area area NN 34457 3727 38 . . . 34457 3728 1 Since since IN 34457 3728 2 during during IN 34457 3728 3 the the DT 34457 3728 4 separation separation NN 34457 3728 5 of of IN 34457 3728 6 the the DT 34457 3728 7 double double JJ 34457 3728 8 salt salt NN 34457 3728 9 the the DT 34457 3728 10 relative relative JJ 34457 3728 11 amount amount NN 34457 3728 12 of of IN 34457 3728 13 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3728 14 chloride chloride NN 34457 3728 15 increases increase NNS 34457 3728 16 , , , 34457 3728 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3728 18 is be VBZ 34457 3728 19 most most RBS 34457 3728 20 advantageous advantageous JJ 34457 3728 21 to to IN 34457 3728 22 { { -LRB- 34457 3728 23 290 290 CD 34457 3728 24 } } -RRB- 34457 3728 25 commence commence NN 34457 3728 26 with with IN 34457 3728 27 a a DT 34457 3728 28 solution solution NN 34457 3728 29 the the DT 34457 3728 30 composition composition NN 34457 3728 31 of of IN 34457 3728 32 which which WDT 34457 3728 33 is be VBZ 34457 3728 34 represented represent VBN 34457 3728 35 by by IN 34457 3728 36 a a DT 34457 3728 37 point point NN 34457 3728 38 lying lie VBG 34457 3728 39 just just RB 34457 3728 40 above above IN 34457 3728 41 the the DT 34457 3728 42 curve curve NN 34457 3728 43 EM em NN 34457 3728 44 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3728 45 cf cf NN 34457 3728 46 . . . 34457 3729 1 p. p. NN 34457 3729 2 281 281 CD 34457 3729 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3729 4 . . . 34457 3730 1 From from IN 34457 3730 2 the the DT 34457 3730 3 above above JJ 34457 3730 4 description description NN 34457 3730 5 of of IN 34457 3730 6 the the DT 34457 3730 7 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3730 8 of of IN 34457 3730 9 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3730 10 in in IN 34457 3730 11 solution solution NN 34457 3730 12 , , , 34457 3730 13 the the DT 34457 3730 14 processes process NNS 34457 3730 15 usually usually RB 34457 3730 16 employed employ VBN 34457 3730 17 for for IN 34457 3730 18 obtaining obtain VBG 34457 3730 19 potassium potassium NN 34457 3730 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 3730 21 will will MD 34457 3730 22 be be VB 34457 3730 23 readily readily RB 34457 3730 24 intelligible intelligible JJ 34457 3730 25 . . . 34457 3731 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3731 2 367 367 CD 34457 3731 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3731 4 Ferric Ferric NNP 34457 3731 5 Chloride Chloride NNP 34457 3731 6 -- -- : 34457 3731 7 Hydrogen Hydrogen NNP 34457 3731 8 Chloride Chloride NNP 34457 3731 9 -- -- : 34457 3731 10 Water.--In water.--in VB 34457 3731 11 the the DT 34457 3731 12 case case NN 34457 3731 13 of of IN 34457 3731 14 another another DT 34457 3731 15 system system NN 34457 3731 16 of of IN 34457 3731 17 three three CD 34457 3731 18 components component NNS 34457 3731 19 which which WDT 34457 3731 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3731 21 shall shall MD 34457 3731 22 now now RB 34457 3731 23 describe describe VB 34457 3731 24 , , , 34457 3731 25 the the DT 34457 3731 26 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3731 27 are be VBP 34457 3731 28 considerably considerably RB 34457 3731 29 more more RBR 34457 3731 30 complicated complicated JJ 34457 3731 31 than than IN 34457 3731 32 in in IN 34457 3731 33 those those DT 34457 3731 34 already already RB 34457 3731 35 discussed discuss VBN 34457 3731 36 . . . 34457 3732 1 They -PRON- PRP 34457 3732 2 deserve deserve VBP 34457 3732 3 discussion discussion NN 34457 3732 4 , , , 34457 3732 5 however however RB 34457 3732 6 , , , 34457 3732 7 on on IN 34457 3732 8 account account NN 34457 3732 9 of of IN 34457 3732 10 the the DT 34457 3732 11 fact fact NN 34457 3732 12 that that IN 34457 3732 13 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3732 14 exhibit exhibit VBP 34457 3732 15 a a DT 34457 3732 16 number number NN 34457 3732 17 of of IN 34457 3732 18 new new JJ 34457 3732 19 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 3732 20 . . . 34457 3733 1 In in IN 34457 3733 2 the the DT 34457 3733 3 system system NN 34457 3733 4 formed form VBN 34457 3733 5 by by IN 34457 3733 6 the the DT 34457 3733 7 three three CD 34457 3733 8 components component NNS 34457 3733 9 , , , 34457 3733 10 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3733 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 3733 12 , , , 34457 3733 13 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3733 14 chloride chloride NN 34457 3733 15 , , , 34457 3733 16 and and CC 34457 3733 17 water water NN 34457 3733 18 , , , 34457 3733 19 not not RB 34457 3733 20 only only RB 34457 3733 21 can can MD 34457 3733 22 various various JJ 34457 3733 23 compounds compound NNS 34457 3733 24 of of IN 34457 3733 25 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3733 26 chloride chloride NN 34457 3733 27 and and CC 34457 3733 28 water water NN 34457 3733 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3733 30 p. p. NN 34457 3733 31 152 152 CD 34457 3733 32 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3733 33 , , , 34457 3733 34 and and CC 34457 3733 35 of of IN 34457 3733 36 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3733 37 chloride chloride NN 34457 3733 38 and and CC 34457 3733 39 water water NN 34457 3733 40 be be VB 34457 3733 41 formed form VBN 34457 3733 42 , , , 34457 3733 43 each each DT 34457 3733 44 of of IN 34457 3733 45 which which WDT 34457 3733 46 possesses possess VBZ 34457 3733 47 a a DT 34457 3733 48 definite definite JJ 34457 3733 49 melting melting NN 34457 3733 50 point point NN 34457 3733 51 , , , 34457 3733 52 but but CC 34457 3733 53 various various JJ 34457 3733 54 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3733 55 compounds compound NNS 34457 3733 56 are be VBP 34457 3733 57 also also RB 34457 3733 58 known know VBN 34457 3733 59 . . . 34457 3734 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3734 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3734 3 have have VBP 34457 3734 4 the the DT 34457 3734 5 following follow VBG 34457 3734 6 solid solid JJ 34457 3734 7 phases:-- phases:-- CD 34457 3734 8 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 9 HCl,3H_{2}O HCl,3H_{2}O NNP 34457 3734 10 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 11 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 12 HCl,2H_{2}O HCl,2H_{2}O NNP 34457 3734 13 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,8h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 14 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 15 HCl HCl NNS 34457 3734 16 , , , 34457 3734 17 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 3734 18 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,4h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 19 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3734 20 FeCl_{3 FeCl_{3 VBD 34457 3734 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3734 22 From from IN 34457 3734 23 this this DT 34457 3734 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3734 25 will will MD 34457 3734 26 be be VB 34457 3734 27 readily readily RB 34457 3734 28 understood understand VBN 34457 3734 29 that that IN 34457 3734 30 the the DT 34457 3734 31 complete complete JJ 34457 3734 32 study study NN 34457 3734 33 of of IN 34457 3734 34 the the DT 34457 3734 35 conditions condition NNS 34457 3734 36 of of IN 34457 3734 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 3734 38 and and CC 34457 3734 39 concentration concentration NN 34457 3734 40 under under IN 34457 3734 41 which which WDT 34457 3734 42 solutions solution NNS 34457 3734 43 can can MD 34457 3734 44 exist exist VB 34457 3734 45 , , , 34457 3734 46 either either CC 34457 3734 47 with with IN 34457 3734 48 one one CD 34457 3734 49 solid solid JJ 34457 3734 50 phase phase NN 34457 3734 51 or or CC 34457 3734 52 with with IN 34457 3734 53 two two CD 34457 3734 54 or or CC 34457 3734 55 three three CD 34457 3734 56 solid solid JJ 34457 3734 57 phases phase NNS 34457 3734 58 , , , 34457 3734 59 are be VBP 34457 3734 60 exceedingly exceedingly RB 34457 3734 61 complicated complicated JJ 34457 3734 62 ; ; : 34457 3734 63 and and CC 34457 3734 64 , , , 34457 3734 65 as as IN 34457 3734 66 a a DT 34457 3734 67 matter matter NN 34457 3734 68 of of IN 34457 3734 69 fact fact NN 34457 3734 70 , , , 34457 3734 71 only only RB 34457 3734 72 a a DT 34457 3734 73 few few JJ 34457 3734 74 of of IN 34457 3734 75 the the DT 34457 3734 76 possible possible JJ 34457 3734 77 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 3734 78 have have VBP 34457 3734 79 been be VBN 34457 3734 80 investigated investigate VBN 34457 3734 81 . . . 34457 3735 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3735 2 shall shall MD 34457 3735 3 attempt attempt VB 34457 3735 4 here here RB 34457 3735 5 only only RB 34457 3735 6 a a DT 34457 3735 7 brief brief JJ 34457 3735 8 description description NN 34457 3735 9 of of IN 34457 3735 10 the the DT 34457 3735 11 most most RBS 34457 3735 12 important important JJ 34457 3735 13 of of IN 34457 3735 14 these these DT 34457 3735 15 . . . 34457 3736 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3736 2 368 368 CD 34457 3736 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3736 4 If if IN 34457 3736 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3736 6 again again RB 34457 3736 7 employ employ VBP 34457 3736 8 rectangular rectangular JJ 34457 3736 9 co co NNS 34457 3736 10 - - NNS 34457 3736 11 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3736 12 for for IN 34457 3736 13 the the DT 34457 3736 14 graphic graphic JJ 34457 3736 15 { { -LRB- 34457 3736 16 291 291 CD 34457 3736 17 } } -RRB- 34457 3736 18 representation representation NN 34457 3736 19 of of IN 34457 3736 20 the the DT 34457 3736 21 results result NNS 34457 3736 22 , , , 34457 3736 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3736 24 have have VBP 34457 3736 25 the the DT 34457 3736 26 two two CD 34457 3736 27 planes plane NNS 34457 3736 28 XOT xot NN 34457 3736 29 and and CC 34457 3736 30 YOT YOT NNP 34457 3736 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3736 32 Fig fig NN 34457 3736 33 . . . 34457 3737 1 115 115 CD 34457 3737 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3737 3 : : : 34457 3737 4 the the DT 34457 3737 5 concentration concentration NN 34457 3737 6 of of IN 34457 3737 7 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3737 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 3737 9 being be VBG 34457 3737 10 measured measure VBN 34457 3737 11 along along IN 34457 3737 12 the the DT 34457 3737 13 X x NN 34457 3737 14 - - NN 34457 3737 15 axis axis NN 34457 3737 16 , , , 34457 3737 17 the the DT 34457 3737 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 3737 19 of of IN 34457 3737 20 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3737 21 chloride chloride NN 34457 3737 22 along along IN 34457 3737 23 the the DT 34457 3737 24 Y y NN 34457 3737 25 - - HYPH 34457 3737 26 axis axis NNP 34457 3737 27 , , , 34457 3737 28 and and CC 34457 3737 29 the the DT 34457 3737 30 temperature temperature NN 34457 3737 31 along along IN 34457 3737 32 the the DT 34457 3737 33 T t NN 34457 3737 34 - - HYPH 34457 3737 35 axis axis NN 34457 3737 36 . . . 34457 3738 1 The the DT 34457 3738 2 curve curve NN 34457 3738 3 ABCDEFGHJK ABCDEFGHJK NNP 34457 3738 4 is be VBZ 34457 3738 5 , , , 34457 3738 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3738 7 , , , 34457 3738 8 the the DT 34457 3738 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 3738 10 curve curve NN 34457 3738 11 of of IN 34457 3738 12 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3738 13 chloride chloride NN 34457 3738 14 in in IN 34457 3738 15 water water NN 34457 3738 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3738 17 p. p. NN 34457 3738 18 152 152 CD 34457 3738 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3738 20 , , , 34457 3738 21 and and CC 34457 3738 22 the the DT 34457 3738 23 curve curve NN 34457 3738 24 A'B'C'D'E'F A'B'C'D'E'F . 34457 3738 25 ' ' '' 34457 3738 26 the the DT 34457 3738 27 solubility solubility NN 34457 3738 28 curve curve NN 34457 3738 29 of of IN 34457 3738 30 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3738 31 chloride chloride NN 34457 3738 32 and and CC 34457 3738 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3738 34 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 3738 35 . . . 34457 3739 1 B b NN 34457 3739 2 ' ' '' 34457 3739 3 and and CC 34457 3739 4 D d NN 34457 3739 5 ' ' '' 34457 3739 6 are be VBP 34457 3739 7 the the DT 34457 3739 8 melting melt VBG 34457 3739 9 points point NNS 34457 3739 10 of of IN 34457 3739 11 the the DT 34457 3739 12 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 3739 13 HCl,3H_{2}O HCl,3H_{2}O NNP 34457 3739 14 and and CC 34457 3739 15 HCl,2H_{2}O. HCl,2H_{2}O. NNP 34457 3740 1 In in IN 34457 3740 2 the the DT 34457 3740 3 space space NN 34457 3740 4 between between IN 34457 3740 5 these these DT 34457 3740 6 two two CD 34457 3740 7 planes plane NNS 34457 3740 8 are be VBP 34457 3740 9 represented represent VBN 34457 3740 10 those those DT 34457 3740 11 systems system NNS 34457 3740 12 in in IN 34457 3740 13 which which WDT 34457 3740 14 all all DT 34457 3740 15 three three CD 34457 3740 16 components component NNS 34457 3740 17 are be VBP 34457 3740 18 present present JJ 34457 3740 19 . . . 34457 3741 1 As as IN 34457 3741 2 already already RB 34457 3741 3 stated state VBN 34457 3741 4 , , , 34457 3741 5 only only RB 34457 3741 6 a a DT 34457 3741 7 few few JJ 34457 3741 8 of of IN 34457 3741 9 the the DT 34457 3741 10 possible possible JJ 34457 3741 11 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3741 12 systems system NNS 34457 3741 13 have have VBP 34457 3741 14 been be VBN 34457 3741 15 investigated investigate VBN 34457 3741 16 , , , 34457 3741 17 and and CC 34457 3741 18 these these DT 34457 3741 19 are be VBP 34457 3741 20 represented represent VBN 34457 3741 21 in in IN 34457 3741 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3741 23 . . . 34457 3742 1 116 116 CD 34457 3742 2 . . . 34457 3743 1 The the DT 34457 3743 2 figure figure NN 34457 3743 3 shows show VBZ 34457 3743 4 the the DT 34457 3743 5 model model NN 34457 3743 6 resting rest VBG 34457 3743 7 on on IN 34457 3743 8 the the DT 34457 3743 9 XOT xot NN 34457 3743 10 - - HYPH 34457 3743 11 plane plane NN 34457 3743 12 , , , 34457 3743 13 so so IN 34457 3743 14 that that IN 34457 3743 15 the the DT 34457 3743 16 lower low JJR 34457 3743 17 edge edge NN 34457 3743 18 represents represent VBZ 34457 3743 19 the the DT 34457 3743 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 3743 21 curve curve NN 34457 3743 22 of of IN 34457 3743 23 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3743 24 chloride chloride NN 34457 3743 25 , , , 34457 3743 26 the the DT 34457 3743 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 3743 28 increasing increase VBG 34457 3743 29 from from IN 34457 3743 30 right right NN 34457 3743 31 to to IN 34457 3743 32 left left NN 34457 3743 33 . . . 34457 3744 1 The the DT 34457 3744 2 concentration concentration NN 34457 3744 3 of of IN 34457 3744 4 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3744 5 chloride chloride NN 34457 3744 6 is be VBZ 34457 3744 7 measured measure VBN 34457 3744 8 upwards upwards RB 34457 3744 9 , , , 34457 3744 10 and and CC 34457 3744 11 the the DT 34457 3744 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3744 13 forwards forwards RB 34457 3744 14 . . . 34457 3745 1 The the DT 34457 3745 2 further further JJ 34457 3745 3 end end NN 34457 3745 4 of of IN 34457 3745 5 the the DT 34457 3745 6 model model NN 34457 3745 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3745 8 the the DT 34457 3745 9 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3745 10 surface surface NN 34457 3745 11 for for IN 34457 3745 12 -30 -30 NNP 34457 3745 13 ° ° NNP 34457 3745 14 . . . 34457 3746 1 The the DT 34457 3746 2 surface surface NN 34457 3746 3 of of IN 34457 3746 4 the the DT 34457 3746 5 model model NN 34457 3746 6 on on IN 34457 3746 7 the the DT 34457 3746 8 left left NN 34457 3746 9 does do VBZ 34457 3746 10 not not RB 34457 3746 11 correspond correspond VB 34457 3746 12 with with IN 34457 3746 13 the the DT 34457 3746 14 plane plane NN 34457 3746 15 YOT yot NN 34457 3746 16 in in IN 34457 3746 17 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3746 18 . . . 34457 3747 1 115 115 CD 34457 3747 2 , , , 34457 3747 3 but but CC 34457 3747 4 with with IN 34457 3747 5 a a DT 34457 3747 6 parallel parallel JJ 34457 3747 7 plane plane NN 34457 3747 8 which which WDT 34457 3747 9 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3747 10 the the DT 34457 3747 11 concentration concentration NN 34457 3747 12 axis axi VBZ 34457 3747 13 for for IN 34457 3747 14 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3747 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 3747 16 at at IN 34457 3747 17 a a DT 34457 3747 18 point point NN 34457 3747 19 representing represent VBG 34457 3747 20 65 65 CD 34457 3747 21 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3747 22 FeCl_{3 FeCl_{3 VBD 34457 3747 23 } } -RRB- 34457 3747 24 in in IN 34457 3747 25 100 100 CD 34457 3747 26 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3747 27 of of IN 34457 3747 28 water water NN 34457 3747 29 . . . 34457 3748 1 The the DT 34457 3748 2 upper upper JJ 34457 3748 3 surface surface NN 34457 3748 4 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3748 5 with with IN 34457 3748 6 a a DT 34457 3748 7 plane plane NN 34457 3748 8 parallel parallel NN 34457 3748 9 to to IN 34457 3748 10 the the DT 34457 3748 11 axis axis JJ 34457 3748 12 XOT xot NN 34457 3748 13 , , , 34457 3748 14 at at IN 34457 3748 15 a a DT 34457 3748 16 distance distance NN 34457 3748 17 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3748 18 with with IN 34457 3748 19 the the DT 34457 3748 20 concentration concentration NN 34457 3748 21 of of IN 34457 3748 22 50 50 CD 34457 3748 23 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3748 24 HCl HCl NNS 34457 3748 25 in in IN 34457 3748 26 100 100 CD 34457 3748 27 gm.-molecules gm.-molecule NNS 34457 3748 28 of of IN 34457 3748 29 water water NN 34457 3748 30 . . . 34457 3749 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3749 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3749 3 : : : 34457 3749 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3749 5 . . . 34457 3750 1 115 115 CD 34457 3750 2 . . . 34457 3750 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3751 1 Ternary ternary JJ 34457 3751 2 Systems.--We Systems.--We NNS 34457 3751 3 pass pass VBP 34457 3751 4 over over RP 34457 3751 5 the the DT 34457 3751 6 binary binary JJ 34457 3751 7 system system NN 34457 3751 8 FeCl_{3}--H_{2}O FeCl_{3}--H_{2}O VBZ 34457 3751 9 , , , 34457 3751 10 which which WDT 34457 3751 11 has have VBZ 34457 3751 12 already already RB 34457 3751 13 been be VBN 34457 3751 14 discussed discuss VBN 34457 3751 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3751 16 p. p. NN 34457 3751 17 152 152 CD 34457 3751 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3751 19 , , , 34457 3751 20 and and CC 34457 3751 21 the the DT 34457 3751 22 similar similar JJ 34457 3751 23 system system NN 34457 3751 24 HCl HCl NNS 34457 3751 25 -- -- : 34457 3751 26 H_{2}O H_{2}O NNP 34457 3751 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3751 28 see see VB 34457 3751 29 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3751 30 . . . 34457 3752 1 115 115 CD 34457 3752 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3752 3 , , , 34457 3752 4 and and CC 34457 3752 5 turn turn VB 34457 3752 6 to to IN 34457 3752 7 the the DT 34457 3752 8 discussion discussion NN 34457 3752 9 of of IN 34457 3752 10 some some DT 34457 3752 11 of of IN 34457 3752 12 the the DT 34457 3752 13 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3752 14 systems system NNS 34457 3752 15 represented represent VBN 34457 3752 16 by by IN 34457 3752 17 { { -LRB- 34457 3752 18 292 292 CD 34457 3752 19 } } -RRB- 34457 3752 20 points point NNS 34457 3752 21 on on IN 34457 3752 22 the the DT 34457 3752 23 surface surface NN 34457 3752 24 of of IN 34457 3752 25 the the DT 34457 3752 26 model model NN 34457 3752 27 between between IN 34457 3752 28 the the DT 34457 3752 29 planes plane NNS 34457 3752 30 XOT XOT NNP 34457 3752 31 and and CC 34457 3752 32 YOT YOT NNP 34457 3752 33 . . . 34457 3753 1 As as IN 34457 3753 2 in in IN 34457 3753 3 the the DT 34457 3753 4 case case NN 34457 3753 5 of of IN 34457 3753 6 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 3753 7 , , , 34457 3753 8 a a DT 34457 3753 9 plane plane NN 34457 3753 10 represents represent VBZ 34457 3753 11 the the DT 34457 3753 12 conditions condition NNS 34457 3753 13 of of IN 34457 3753 14 concentration concentration NN 34457 3753 15 of of IN 34457 3753 16 solution solution NN 34457 3753 17 and and CC 34457 3753 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3753 19 under under IN 34457 3753 20 which which WDT 34457 3753 21 a a DT 34457 3753 22 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3753 23 solution solution NN 34457 3753 24 can can MD 34457 3753 25 be be VB 34457 3753 26 in in IN 34457 3753 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3753 28 with with IN 34457 3753 29 a a DT 34457 3753 30 _ _ NNP 34457 3753 31 single single JJ 34457 3753 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3753 33 solid solid JJ 34457 3753 34 phase phase NN 34457 3753 35 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3753 36 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 3753 37 systems system NNS 34457 3753 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3753 39 , , , 34457 3753 40 a a DT 34457 3753 41 line line NN 34457 3753 42 represents represent VBZ 34457 3753 43 the the DT 34457 3753 44 conditions condition NNS 34457 3753 45 for for IN 34457 3753 46 the the DT 34457 3753 47 coexistence coexistence NN 34457 3753 48 of of IN 34457 3753 49 a a DT 34457 3753 50 solution solution NN 34457 3753 51 with with IN 34457 3753 52 two two CD 34457 3753 53 solid solid JJ 34457 3753 54 phases phase NNS 34457 3753 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3753 56 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3753 57 systems system NNS 34457 3753 58 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3753 59 , , , 34457 3753 60 and and CC 34457 3753 61 a a DT 34457 3753 62 point point NN 34457 3753 63 the the DT 34457 3753 64 conditions condition NNS 34457 3753 65 for for IN 34457 3753 66 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3753 67 with with IN 34457 3753 68 three three CD 34457 3753 69 solid solid JJ 34457 3753 70 phases phase NNS 34457 3753 71 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3753 72 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3753 73 systems system NNS 34457 3753 74 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3753 75 . . . 34457 3754 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3754 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3754 3 : : : 34457 3754 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3754 5 . . . 34457 3755 1 116 116 CD 34457 3755 2 . . . 34457 3755 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3756 1 In in IN 34457 3756 2 the the DT 34457 3756 3 case case NN 34457 3756 4 of of IN 34457 3756 5 a a DT 34457 3756 6 binary binary JJ 34457 3756 7 system system NN 34457 3756 8 , , , 34457 3756 9 in in IN 34457 3756 10 which which WDT 34457 3756 11 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3756 12 is be VBZ 34457 3756 13 in in IN 34457 3756 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3756 15 with with IN 34457 3756 16 a a DT 34457 3756 17 solution solution NN 34457 3756 18 of of IN 34457 3756 19 the the DT 34457 3756 20 same same JJ 34457 3756 21 composition composition NN 34457 3756 22 , , , 34457 3756 23 addition addition NN 34457 3756 24 of of IN 34457 3756 25 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3756 26 chloride chloride NN 34457 3756 27 must must MD 34457 3756 28 evidently evidently RB 34457 3756 29 lower lower VB 34457 3756 30 the the DT 34457 3756 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 3756 32 at at IN 34457 3756 33 which which WDT 34457 3756 34 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3756 35 can can MD 34457 3756 36 exist exist VB 34457 3756 37 ; ; : 34457 3756 38 and and CC 34457 3756 39 the the DT 34457 3756 40 same same JJ 34457 3756 41 holds hold NNS 34457 3756 42 , , , 34457 3756 43 of of IN 34457 3756 44 course course NN 34457 3756 45 , , , 34457 3756 46 { { -LRB- 34457 3756 47 293 293 CD 34457 3756 48 } } -RRB- 34457 3756 49 for for IN 34457 3756 50 all all DT 34457 3756 51 other other JJ 34457 3756 52 binary binary JJ 34457 3756 53 solutions solution NNS 34457 3756 54 in in IN 34457 3756 55 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3756 56 with with IN 34457 3756 57 this this DT 34457 3756 58 solid solid JJ 34457 3756 59 phase phase NN 34457 3756 60 . . . 34457 3757 1 In in IN 34457 3757 2 this this DT 34457 3757 3 way way NN 34457 3757 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3757 5 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3757 6 the the DT 34457 3757 7 surface surface NN 34457 3757 8 I. I. NNP 34457 3757 9 , , , 34457 3757 10 which which WDT 34457 3757 11 represents represent VBZ 34457 3757 12 the the DT 34457 3757 13 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3757 14 and and CC 34457 3757 15 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3757 16 of of IN 34457 3757 17 solutions solution NNS 34457 3757 18 in in IN 34457 3757 19 which which WDT 34457 3757 20 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3757 21 can can MD 34457 3757 22 be be VB 34457 3757 23 in in IN 34457 3757 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3757 25 with with IN 34457 3757 26 a a DT 34457 3757 27 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3757 28 solution solution NN 34457 3757 29 containing contain VBG 34457 3757 30 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3757 31 chloride chloride NN 34457 3757 32 , , , 34457 3757 33 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3757 34 chloride chloride NN 34457 3757 35 , , , 34457 3757 36 and and CC 34457 3757 37 water water NN 34457 3757 38 . . . 34457 3758 1 This this DT 34457 3758 2 surface surface NN 34457 3758 3 is be VBZ 34457 3758 4 analogous analogous JJ 34457 3758 5 to to IN 34457 3758 6 the the DT 34457 3758 7 curved curved JJ 34457 3758 8 surface surface NN 34457 3758 9 K_{1}K_{2}_k__{4}_k__{3 K_{1}K_{2}_k__{4}_k__{3 NNP 34457 3758 10 } } -RRB- 34457 3758 11 in in IN 34457 3758 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3758 13 . . . 34457 3759 1 97 97 CD 34457 3759 2 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3759 3 p. p. NN 34457 3759 4 256 256 CD 34457 3759 5 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3759 6 . . . 34457 3760 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 3760 2 , , , 34457 3760 3 the the DT 34457 3760 4 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3760 5 II II NNP 34457 3760 6 . . NNP 34457 3760 7 , , , 34457 3760 8 III III NNP 34457 3760 9 . . NNP 34457 3760 10 , , , 34457 3760 11 IV IV NNP 34457 3760 12 . . NNP 34457 3760 13 , , , 34457 3760 14 and and CC 34457 3760 15 V. V. NNP 34457 3760 16 represent represent VBP 34457 3760 17 the the DT 34457 3760 18 conditions condition NNS 34457 3760 19 for for IN 34457 3760 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3760 21 between between IN 34457 3760 22 the the DT 34457 3760 23 solid solid JJ 34457 3760 24 phases phase NNS 34457 3760 25 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3760 26 ; ; : 34457 3760 27 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3760 28 ; ; : 34457 3760 29 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3760 30 ; ; : 34457 3760 31 FeCl_{3 FeCl_{3 VBD 34457 3760 32 } } -RRB- 34457 3760 33 and and CC 34457 3760 34 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3760 35 solutions solution NNS 34457 3760 36 respectively respectively RB 34457 3760 37 . . . 34457 3761 1 The the DT 34457 3761 2 lines line NNS 34457 3761 3 CL CL NNP 34457 3761 4 , , , 34457 3761 5 EM EM NNP 34457 3761 6 , , , 34457 3761 7 GN GN NNP 34457 3761 8 , , , 34457 3761 9 and and CC 34457 3761 10 IO IO NNP 34457 3761 11 on on IN 34457 3761 12 the the DT 34457 3761 13 model model NN 34457 3761 14 represent represent VBP 34457 3761 15 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3761 16 systems system NNS 34457 3761 17 in in IN 34457 3761 18 which which WDT 34457 3761 19 a a DT 34457 3761 20 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3761 21 solution solution NN 34457 3761 22 is be VBZ 34457 3761 23 in in IN 34457 3761 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3761 25 with with IN 34457 3761 26 two two CD 34457 3761 27 solid solid JJ 34457 3761 28 phases phase NNS 34457 3761 29 , , , 34457 3761 30 viz viz NN 34457 3761 31 . . . 34457 3762 1 with with IN 34457 3762 2 those those DT 34457 3762 3 represented represent VBN 34457 3762 4 by by IN 34457 3762 5 the the DT 34457 3762 6 adjoining adjoining JJ 34457 3762 7 fields field NNS 34457 3762 8 . . . 34457 3763 1 These these DT 34457 3763 2 lines line NNS 34457 3763 3 correspond correspond VBP 34457 3763 4 with with IN 34457 3763 5 the the DT 34457 3763 6 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3763 7 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3763 8 curves curve NNS 34457 3763 9 _ _ NNP 34457 3763 10 k__{3}K_{1 k__{3}K_{1 NNP 34457 3763 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3763 12 and and CC 34457 3763 13 _ _ NNP 34457 3763 14 k__{4}K_{2 k__{4}K_{2 NNS 34457 3763 15 } } -RRB- 34457 3763 16 in in IN 34457 3763 17 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3763 18 . . . 34457 3764 1 97 97 CD 34457 3764 2 . . . 34457 3765 1 Besides besides IN 34457 3765 2 the the DT 34457 3765 3 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3765 4 already already RB 34457 3765 5 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3765 6 , , , 34457 3765 7 there there EX 34457 3765 8 are be VBP 34457 3765 9 still still RB 34457 3765 10 three three CD 34457 3765 11 others other NNS 34457 3765 12 , , , 34457 3765 13 VI VI NNP 34457 3765 14 . . NNP 34457 3765 15 , , , 34457 3765 16 VII VII NNP 34457 3765 17 . . NNP 34457 3765 18 , , , 34457 3765 19 and and CC 34457 3765 20 VIII VIII NNP 34457 3765 21 . . . 34457 3765 22 , , , 34457 3765 23 which which WDT 34457 3765 24 also also RB 34457 3765 25 represent represent VBP 34457 3765 26 the the DT 34457 3765 27 conditions condition NNS 34457 3765 28 for for IN 34457 3765 29 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3765 30 between between IN 34457 3765 31 one one CD 34457 3765 32 solid solid JJ 34457 3765 33 phase phase NN 34457 3765 34 and and CC 34457 3765 35 a a DT 34457 3765 36 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3765 37 solution solution NN 34457 3765 38 ; ; : 34457 3765 39 but but CC 34457 3765 40 in in IN 34457 3765 41 these these DT 34457 3765 42 cases case NNS 34457 3765 43 , , , 34457 3765 44 the the DT 34457 3765 45 solid solid JJ 34457 3765 46 phase phase NN 34457 3765 47 is be VBZ 34457 3765 48 not not RB 34457 3765 49 a a DT 34457 3765 50 binary binary JJ 34457 3765 51 compound compound NN 34457 3765 52 or or CC 34457 3765 53 an an DT 34457 3765 54 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3765 55 salt salt NN 34457 3765 56 , , , 34457 3765 57 but but CC 34457 3765 58 a a DT 34457 3765 59 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3765 60 compound compound NN 34457 3765 61 containing contain VBG 34457 3765 62 all all DT 34457 3765 63 three three CD 34457 3765 64 components component NNS 34457 3765 65 . . . 34457 3766 1 The the DT 34457 3766 2 solid solid JJ 34457 3766 3 phases phase NNS 34457 3766 4 which which WDT 34457 3766 5 are be VBP 34457 3766 6 in in IN 34457 3766 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3766 8 with with IN 34457 3766 9 the the DT 34457 3766 10 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3766 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3766 12 represented represent VBN 34457 3766 13 by by IN 34457 3766 14 the the DT 34457 3766 15 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3766 16 VI VI NNP 34457 3766 17 . . NNP 34457 3766 18 , , , 34457 3766 19 VII VII NNP 34457 3766 20 . . NNP 34457 3766 21 , , , 34457 3766 22 and and CC 34457 3766 23 VIII VIII NNP 34457 3766 24 . . . 34457 3766 25 , , , 34457 3766 26 are be VBP 34457 3766 27 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,4h_{2}o CD 34457 3766 28 ; ; : 34457 3766 29 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,8h_{2}o CD 34457 3766 30 ; ; : 34457 3766 31 and and CC 34457 3766 32 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3766 33 respectively respectively RB 34457 3766 34 . . . 34457 3767 1 The the DT 34457 3767 2 model model NN 34457 3767 3 for for IN 34457 3767 4 FeCl_{3}--HCl FeCl_{3}--HCl NNP 34457 3767 5 -- -- : 34457 3767 6 H_{2}O H_{2}O NNP 34457 3767 7 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 3767 8 certain certain JJ 34457 3767 9 other other JJ 34457 3767 10 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 34457 3767 11 not not RB 34457 3767 12 found find VBN 34457 3767 13 in in IN 34457 3767 14 the the DT 34457 3767 15 case case NN 34457 3767 16 of of IN 34457 3767 17 MgCl_{2}--KCl mgcl_{2}--kcl UH 34457 3767 18 -- -- . 34457 3767 19 H_{2}O. H_{2}O. NNP 34457 3768 1 On on IN 34457 3768 2 examining examine VBG 34457 3768 3 the the DT 34457 3768 4 model model NN 34457 3768 5 more more RBR 34457 3768 6 closely closely RB 34457 3768 7 , , , 34457 3768 8 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3768 9 is be VBZ 34457 3768 10 found find VBN 34457 3768 11 that that IN 34457 3768 12 the the DT 34457 3768 13 field field NN 34457 3768 14 of of IN 34457 3768 15 the the DT 34457 3768 16 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3768 17 compound compound NN 34457 3768 18 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3768 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3768 20 VII VII NNP 34457 3768 21 . . . 34457 3768 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3769 1 resembles resemble VBZ 34457 3769 2 the the DT 34457 3769 3 surface surface NN 34457 3769 4 of of IN 34457 3769 5 a a DT 34457 3769 6 sugar sugar NN 34457 3769 7 cone cone NN 34457 3769 8 , , , 34457 3769 9 and and CC 34457 3769 10 has have VBZ 34457 3769 11 a a DT 34457 3769 12 projecting projecting NN 34457 3769 13 point point NN 34457 3769 14 , , , 34457 3769 15 the the DT 34457 3769 16 end end NN 34457 3769 17 of of IN 34457 3769 18 which which WDT 34457 3769 19 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3769 20 with with IN 34457 3769 21 a a DT 34457 3769 22 higher high JJR 34457 3769 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 3769 24 than than IN 34457 3769 25 does do VBZ 34457 3769 26 any any DT 34457 3769 27 other other JJ 34457 3769 28 point point NN 34457 3769 29 of of IN 34457 3769 30 the the DT 34457 3769 31 surface surface NN 34457 3769 32 . . . 34457 3770 1 At at IN 34457 3770 2 the the DT 34457 3770 3 point point NN 34457 3770 4 of of IN 34457 3770 5 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3770 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 3770 7 the the DT 34457 3770 8 composition composition NN 34457 3770 9 of of IN 34457 3770 10 the the DT 34457 3770 11 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3770 12 phase phase NN 34457 3770 13 is be VBZ 34457 3770 14 the the DT 34457 3770 15 same same JJ 34457 3770 16 as as IN 34457 3770 17 that that DT 34457 3770 18 of of IN 34457 3770 19 the the DT 34457 3770 20 solid solid JJ 34457 3770 21 . . . 34457 3771 1 This this DT 34457 3771 2 point point NN 34457 3771 3 , , , 34457 3771 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3771 5 , , , 34457 3771 6 represents represent VBZ 34457 3771 7 the the DT 34457 3771 8 melting melting NN 34457 3771 9 point point NN 34457 3771 10 of of IN 34457 3771 11 the the DT 34457 3771 12 double double JJ 34457 3771 13 salt salt NN 34457 3771 14 of of IN 34457 3771 15 the the DT 34457 3771 16 above above JJ 34457 3771 17 composition composition NN 34457 3771 18 . . . 34457 3772 1 The the DT 34457 3772 2 curves curve NNS 34457 3772 3 representing represent VBG 34457 3772 4 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3772 5 systems system NNS 34457 3772 6 are be VBP 34457 3772 7 of of IN 34457 3772 8 two two CD 34457 3772 9 kinds kind NNS 34457 3772 10 . . . 34457 3773 1 In in IN 34457 3773 2 the the DT 34457 3773 3 one one CD 34457 3773 4 case case NN 34457 3773 5 , , , 34457 3773 6 the the DT 34457 3773 7 two two CD 34457 3773 8 solid solid JJ 34457 3773 9 phases phase NNS 34457 3773 10 present present JJ 34457 3773 11 are be VBP 34457 3773 12 both both DT 34457 3773 13 binary binary JJ 34457 3773 14 compounds compound NNS 34457 3773 15 ; ; : 34457 3773 16 or or CC 34457 3773 17 one one CD 34457 3773 18 is be VBZ 34457 3773 19 a a DT 34457 3773 20 binary binary JJ 34457 3773 21 compound compound NN 34457 3773 22 and and CC 34457 3773 23 the the DT 34457 3773 24 other other JJ 34457 3773 25 is be VBZ 34457 3773 26 one one CD 34457 3773 27 of of IN 34457 3773 28 the the DT 34457 3773 29 components component NNS 34457 3773 30 . . . 34457 3774 1 In in IN 34457 3774 2 the the DT 34457 3774 3 other other JJ 34457 3774 4 case case NN 34457 3774 5 , , , 34457 3774 6 either either CC 34457 3774 7 one one CD 34457 3774 8 or or CC 34457 3774 9 both both CC 34457 3774 10 solid solid JJ 34457 3774 11 phases phase NNS 34457 3774 12 are be VBP 34457 3774 13 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3774 14 compounds compound NNS 34457 3774 15 . . . 34457 3775 1 Curves curve NNS 34457 3775 2 belonging belong VBG 34457 3775 3 { { -LRB- 34457 3775 4 294 294 CD 34457 3775 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3775 6 to to IN 34457 3775 7 the the DT 34457 3775 8 former former JJ 34457 3775 9 class class NN 34457 3775 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3775 11 so so RB 34457 3775 12 - - HYPH 34457 3775 13 called call VBN 34457 3775 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3775 15 border border NN 34457 3775 16 curves curve NNS 34457 3775 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3775 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3775 19 start start VB 34457 3775 20 from from IN 34457 3775 21 binary binary JJ 34457 3775 22 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3775 23 points point NNS 34457 3775 24 , , , 34457 3775 25 and and CC 34457 3775 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3775 27 course course NN 34457 3775 28 is be VBZ 34457 3775 29 always always RB 34457 3775 30 towards towards IN 34457 3775 31 lower low JJR 34457 3775 32 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3775 33 , , , 34457 3775 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3775 35 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 3775 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3775 37 CL CL NNP 34457 3775 38 , , , 34457 3775 39 EM EM NNP 34457 3775 40 , , , 34457 3775 41 GN GN NNP 34457 3775 42 , , , 34457 3775 43 IO IO NNP 34457 3775 44 . . . 34457 3776 1 Curves curve NNS 34457 3776 2 belonging belong VBG 34457 3776 3 to to IN 34457 3776 4 the the DT 34457 3776 5 latter latter JJ 34457 3776 6 class class NN 34457 3776 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3776 8 so so RB 34457 3776 9 - - HYPH 34457 3776 10 called call VBN 34457 3776 11 _ _ NNP 34457 3776 12 medial medial NNP 34457 3776 13 curves curve NNS 34457 3776 14 _ _ NNP 34457 3776 15 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3776 16 would would MD 34457 3776 17 , , , 34457 3776 18 in in IN 34457 3776 19 a a DT 34457 3776 20 triangular triangular JJ 34457 3776 21 diagram diagram NN 34457 3776 22 , , , 34457 3776 23 lie lie VB 34457 3776 24 entirely entirely RB 34457 3776 25 within within IN 34457 3776 26 the the DT 34457 3776 27 triangle triangle NN 34457 3776 28 . . . 34457 3777 1 Such such JJ 34457 3777 2 curves curve NNS 34457 3777 3 are be VBP 34457 3777 4 YV YV NNP 34457 3777 5 , , , 34457 3777 6 WV WV NNP 34457 3777 7 , , , 34457 3777 8 VL VL NNP 34457 3777 9 , , , 34457 3777 10 LM LM NNP 34457 3777 11 , , , 34457 3777 12 MV MV NNP 34457 3777 13 , , , 34457 3777 14 NS NS NNP 34457 3777 15 , , , 34457 3777 16 ST ST NNP 34457 3777 17 , , , 34457 3777 18 SO SO NNP 34457 3777 19 , , , 34457 3777 20 OZ OZ NNP 34457 3777 21 . . . 34457 3778 1 These these DT 34457 3778 2 curves curve NNS 34457 3778 3 do do VBP 34457 3778 4 not not RB 34457 3778 5 always always RB 34457 3778 6 run run VB 34457 3778 7 from from IN 34457 3778 8 higher high JJR 34457 3778 9 to to IN 34457 3778 10 lower low JJR 34457 3778 11 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3778 12 , , , 34457 3778 13 but but CC 34457 3778 14 may may MD 34457 3778 15 even even RB 34457 3778 16 exhibit exhibit VB 34457 3778 17 a a DT 34457 3778 18 point point NN 34457 3778 19 of of IN 34457 3778 20 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3778 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3778 22 . . . 34457 3779 1 Such such JJ 34457 3779 2 maxima maxima NN 34457 3779 3 are be VBP 34457 3779 4 found find VBN 34457 3779 5 , , , 34457 3779 6 for for IN 34457 3779 7 example example NN 34457 3779 8 , , , 34457 3779 9 at at IN 34457 3779 10 U u NN 34457 3779 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3779 12 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3779 13 . . . 34457 3780 1 116 116 CD 34457 3780 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3780 3 , , , 34457 3780 4 and and CC 34457 3780 5 also also RB 34457 3780 6 on on IN 34457 3780 7 the the DT 34457 3780 8 curves curve NNS 34457 3780 9 ST ST NNP 34457 3780 10 and and CC 34457 3780 11 LV LV NNP 34457 3780 12 . . . 34457 3781 1 Finally finally RB 34457 3781 2 , , , 34457 3781 3 whereas whereas IN 34457 3781 4 all all PDT 34457 3781 5 the the DT 34457 3781 6 other other JJ 34457 3781 7 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3781 8 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3781 9 curves curve NNS 34457 3781 10 run run VBP 34457 3781 11 in in IN 34457 3781 12 valleys valley NNS 34457 3781 13 between between IN 34457 3781 14 the the DT 34457 3781 15 adjoining adjoining JJ 34457 3781 16 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3781 17 , , , 34457 3781 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3781 19 find find VBP 34457 3781 20 at at IN 34457 3781 21 the the DT 34457 3781 22 point point NN 34457 3781 23 X x NN 34457 3781 24 a a DT 34457 3781 25 similar similar JJ 34457 3781 26 appearance appearance NN 34457 3781 27 to to IN 34457 3781 28 that that DT 34457 3781 29 found find VBN 34457 3781 30 in in IN 34457 3781 31 the the DT 34457 3781 32 case case NN 34457 3781 33 of of IN 34457 3781 34 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3781 35 , , , 34457 3781 36 as as IN 34457 3781 37 the the DT 34457 3781 38 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3781 39 curve curve NN 34457 3781 40 here here RB 34457 3781 41 rises rise VBZ 34457 3781 42 above above IN 34457 3781 43 the the DT 34457 3781 44 surrounding surround VBG 34457 3781 45 surface surface NN 34457 3781 46 . . . 34457 3782 1 The the DT 34457 3782 2 point point NN 34457 3782 3 X X NNS 34457 3782 4 , , , 34457 3782 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 3782 6 , , , 34457 3782 7 does do VBZ 34457 3782 8 not not RB 34457 3782 9 correspond correspond VB 34457 3782 10 with with IN 34457 3782 11 a a DT 34457 3782 12 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 3782 13 point point NN 34457 3782 14 , , , 34457 3782 15 but but CC 34457 3782 16 with with IN 34457 3782 17 a a DT 34457 3782 18 transition transition NN 34457 3782 19 point point NN 34457 3782 20 . . . 34457 3783 1 At at IN 34457 3783 2 this this DT 34457 3783 3 point point NN 34457 3783 4 the the DT 34457 3783 5 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3783 6 compound compound NN 34457 3783 7 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3783 8 melts melt NNS 34457 3783 9 with with IN 34457 3783 10 separation separation NN 34457 3783 11 of of IN 34457 3783 12 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3783 13 , , , 34457 3783 14 just just RB 34457 3783 15 as as IN 34457 3783 16 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3783 17 melts melt NNS 34457 3783 18 at at IN 34457 3783 19 168 168â CD 34457 3783 20 ° ° NNS 34457 3783 21 with with IN 34457 3783 22 separation separation NN 34457 3783 23 of of IN 34457 3783 24 potassium potassium NN 34457 3783 25 chloride chloride NN 34457 3783 26 . . . 34457 3784 1 The the DT 34457 3784 2 Isothermal Isothermal NNP 34457 3784 3 Curves.--A curves.--a NN 34457 3784 4 deeper deep JJR 34457 3784 5 insight insight NN 34457 3784 6 into into IN 34457 3784 7 the the DT 34457 3784 8 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 3784 9 of of IN 34457 3784 10 the the DT 34457 3784 11 system system NN 34457 3784 12 FeCl_{3}--HCl fecl_{3}--hcl NN 34457 3784 13 -- -- : 34457 3784 14 H_{2}O H_{2}O NNP 34457 3784 15 is be VBZ 34457 3784 16 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3784 17 from from IN 34457 3784 18 a a DT 34457 3784 19 study study NN 34457 3784 20 of of IN 34457 3784 21 the the DT 34457 3784 22 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3784 23 curves curve NNS 34457 3784 24 , , , 34457 3784 25 the the DT 34457 3784 26 complete complete JJ 34457 3784 27 series series NN 34457 3784 28 of of IN 34457 3784 29 which which WDT 34457 3784 30 , , , 34457 3784 31 so so RB 34457 3784 32 far far RB 34457 3784 33 as as IN 34457 3784 34 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3784 35 have have VBP 34457 3784 36 been be VBN 34457 3784 37 studied study VBN 34457 3784 38 , , , 34457 3784 39 is be VBZ 34457 3784 40 given give VBN 34457 3784 41 in in IN 34457 3784 42 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3784 43 . . . 34457 3785 1 117 117 CD 34457 3785 2 . . . 34457 3786 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3786 2 369 369 CD 34457 3786 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3786 4 In in IN 34457 3786 5 this this DT 34457 3786 6 figure figure NN 34457 3786 7 the the DT 34457 3786 8 lightly lightly RB 34457 3786 9 drawn draw VBN 34457 3786 10 curves curve NNS 34457 3786 11 represent represent VBP 34457 3786 12 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3786 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 3786 14 curves curve NNS 34457 3786 15 , , , 34457 3786 16 the the DT 34457 3786 17 particular particular JJ 34457 3786 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3786 19 being be VBG 34457 3786 20 printed print VBN 34457 3786 21 beside beside IN 34457 3786 22 the the DT 34457 3786 23 curve curve NN 34457 3786 24 . . . 34457 3787 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3787 2 370 370 CD 34457 3787 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3787 4 The the DT 34457 3787 5 dark dark JJ 34457 3787 6 lines line NNS 34457 3787 7 give give VBP 34457 3787 8 the the DT 34457 3787 9 composition composition NN 34457 3787 10 of of IN 34457 3787 11 the the DT 34457 3787 12 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3787 13 systems system NNS 34457 3787 14 at at IN 34457 3787 15 different different JJ 34457 3787 16 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3787 17 . . . 34457 3788 1 The the DT 34457 3788 2 point point NN 34457 3788 3 of of IN 34457 3788 4 intersection intersection NN 34457 3788 5 of of IN 34457 3788 6 a a DT 34457 3788 7 dark dark NN 34457 3788 8 with with IN 34457 3788 9 a a DT 34457 3788 10 light light JJ 34457 3788 11 curve curve NN 34457 3788 12 gives give VBZ 34457 3788 13 the the DT 34457 3788 14 composition composition NN 34457 3788 15 of of IN 34457 3788 16 the the DT 34457 3788 17 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3788 18 solution solution NN 34457 3788 19 at at IN 34457 3788 20 the the DT 34457 3788 21 temperature temperature NN 34457 3788 22 represented represent VBN 34457 3788 23 by by IN 34457 3788 24 the the DT 34457 3788 25 light light JJ 34457 3788 26 curve curve NN 34457 3788 27 ; ; : 34457 3788 28 and and CC 34457 3788 29 the the DT 34457 3788 30 point point NN 34457 3788 31 of of IN 34457 3788 32 intersection intersection NN 34457 3788 33 of of IN 34457 3788 34 two two CD 34457 3788 35 dark dark JJ 34457 3788 36 lines line NNS 34457 3788 37 gives give VBZ 34457 3788 38 the the DT 34457 3788 39 composition composition NN 34457 3788 40 of of IN 34457 3788 41 the the DT 34457 3788 42 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3788 43 solution solution NN 34457 3788 44 in in IN 34457 3788 45 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3788 46 with with IN 34457 3788 47 three three CD 34457 3788 48 solid solid JJ 34457 3788 49 phases phase NNS 34457 3788 50 . . . 34457 3789 1 The the DT 34457 3789 2 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3789 3 lines line NNS 34457 3789 4 represent represent VBP 34457 3789 5 metastable metastable JJ 34457 3789 6 systems system NNS 34457 3789 7 , , , 34457 3789 8 and and CC 34457 3789 9 the the DT 34457 3789 10 points point NNS 34457 3789 11 P P NNP 34457 3789 12 , , , 34457 3789 13 Q q NN 34457 3789 14 , , , 34457 3789 15 and and CC 34457 3789 16 R r NN 34457 3789 17 represent represent VBP 34457 3789 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 3789 19 of of IN 34457 3789 20 { { -LRB- 34457 3789 21 295 295 CD 34457 3789 22 } } -RRB- 34457 3789 23 the the DT 34457 3789 24 composition composition NN 34457 3789 25 of of IN 34457 3789 26 the the DT 34457 3789 27 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3789 28 salts salt NNS 34457 3789 29 , , , 34457 3789 30 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,4h_{2}o CD 34457 3789 31 ; ; : 34457 3789 32 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,8h_{2}o CD 34457 3789 33 ; ; : 34457 3789 34 and and CC 34457 3789 35 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O. 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o. CD 34457 3790 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3790 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3790 3 : : : 34457 3790 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3790 5 . . . 34457 3791 1 117 117 CD 34457 3791 2 . . . 34457 3791 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3792 1 The the DT 34457 3792 2 farther farther JJ 34457 3792 3 end end NN 34457 3792 4 of of IN 34457 3792 5 the the DT 34457 3792 6 model model NN 34457 3792 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3792 8 Fig fig NN 34457 3792 9 . . . 34457 3793 1 116 116 LS 34457 3793 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3793 3 corresponds correspond NNS 34457 3793 4 , , , 34457 3793 5 as as IN 34457 3793 6 already already RB 34457 3793 7 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3793 8 , , , 34457 3793 9 to to IN 34457 3793 10 the the DT 34457 3793 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 3793 12 -30 -30â JJ 34457 3793 13 ° ° NNS 34457 3793 14 , , , 34457 3793 15 so so IN 34457 3793 16 that that IN 34457 3793 17 the the DT 34457 3793 18 outline outline NN 34457 3793 19 evidently evidently RB 34457 3793 20 represents represent VBZ 34457 3793 21 the the DT 34457 3793 22 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3793 23 curve curve NN 34457 3793 24 for for IN 34457 3793 25 that that DT 34457 3793 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3793 27 . . . 34457 3794 1 Fig fig NN 34457 3794 2 . . . 34457 3795 1 117 117 CD 34457 3795 2 does do VBZ 34457 3795 3 not not RB 34457 3795 4 show show VB 34457 3795 5 this this DT 34457 3795 6 . . . 34457 3796 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3796 2 can can MD 34457 3796 3 , , , 34457 3796 4 however however RB 34457 3796 5 , , , 34457 3796 6 follow follow VB 34457 3796 7 the the DT 34457 3796 8 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3796 9 for for IN 34457 3796 10 -20 -20â NN 34457 3796 11 ° ° NNS 34457 3796 12 , , , 34457 3796 13 which which WDT 34457 3796 14 is be VBZ 34457 3796 15 the the DT 34457 3796 16 extreme extreme JJ 34457 3796 17 curve curve NN 34457 3796 18 on on IN 34457 3796 19 the the DT 34457 3796 20 right right NN 34457 3796 21 in in IN 34457 3796 22 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3796 23 . . . 34457 3797 1 117 117 CD 34457 3797 2 . . . 34457 3798 1 Point Point NNP 34457 3798 2 A A NNP 34457 3798 3 represents represent VBZ 34457 3798 4 the the DT 34457 3798 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 3798 6 of of IN 34457 3798 7 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3798 8 in in IN 34457 3798 9 water water NN 34457 3798 10 . . . 34457 3799 1 If if IN 34457 3799 2 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3799 3 chloride chloride NN 34457 3799 4 is be VBZ 34457 3799 5 added add VBN 34457 3799 6 , , , 34457 3799 7 the the DT 34457 3799 8 concentration concentration NN 34457 3799 9 of of IN 34457 3799 10 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3799 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 3799 12 in in IN 34457 3799 13 the the DT 34457 3799 14 solution solution NN 34457 3799 15 first first JJ 34457 3799 16 decreases decrease VBZ 34457 3799 17 and and CC 34457 3799 18 then then RB 34457 3799 19 increases increase VBZ 34457 3799 20 , , , 34457 3799 21 until until IN 34457 3799 22 at at IN 34457 3799 23 point point NN 34457 3799 24 34 34 CD 34457 3799 25 the the DT 34457 3799 26 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3799 27 double double JJ 34457 3799 28 salt salt NN 34457 3799 29 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3799 30 is be VBZ 34457 3799 31 formed form VBN 34457 3799 32 . . . 34457 3800 1 If if IN 34457 3800 2 the the DT 34457 3800 3 addition addition NN 34457 3800 4 of of IN 34457 3800 5 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 3800 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 3800 7 is be VBZ 34457 3800 8 continued continue VBN 34457 3800 9 , , , 34457 3800 10 the the DT 34457 3800 11 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3800 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 3800 13 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3800 14 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 3800 15 , , , 34457 3800 16 and and CC 34457 3800 17 only only RB 34457 3800 18 the the DT 34457 3800 19 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3800 20 double double JJ 34457 3800 21 salt salt NN 34457 3800 22 remains remain VBZ 34457 3800 23 . . . 34457 3801 1 This this DT 34457 3801 2 salt salt NN 34457 3801 3 can can MD 34457 3801 4 coexist coexist VB 34457 3801 5 with with IN 34457 3801 6 solutions solution NNS 34457 3801 7 of of IN 34457 3801 8 the the DT 34457 3801 9 composition composition NN 34457 3801 10 represented represent VBN 34457 3801 11 by by IN 34457 3801 12 the the DT 34457 3801 13 curve curve NN 34457 3801 14 which which WDT 34457 3801 15 passes pass VBZ 34457 3801 16 through through IN 34457 3801 17 the the DT 34457 3801 18 points point NNS 34457 3801 19 173 173 CD 34457 3801 20 , , , 34457 3801 21 174 174 CD 34457 3801 22 , , , 34457 3801 23 175 175 CD 34457 3801 24 . . . 34457 3802 1 At at IN 34457 3802 2 the the DT 34457 3802 3 last last RB 34457 3802 4 - - HYPH 34457 3802 5 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3802 6 point point NN 34457 3802 7 , , , 34457 3802 8 the the DT 34457 3802 9 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3802 10 salt salt NN 34457 3802 11 with with IN 34457 3802 12 8H_{2}O 8h_{2}o CD 34457 3802 13 is be VBZ 34457 3802 14 formed form VBN 34457 3802 15 . . . 34457 3803 1 The the DT 34457 3803 2 composition composition NN 34457 3803 3 of of IN 34457 3803 4 the the DT 34457 3803 5 solutions solution NNS 34457 3803 6 with with IN 34457 3803 7 which which WDT 34457 3803 8 this this DT 34457 3803 9 salt salt NN 34457 3803 10 is be VBZ 34457 3803 11 in in IN 34457 3803 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3803 13 at at IN 34457 3803 14 -20 -20 NNP 34457 3803 15 ° ° NNP 34457 3803 16 is be VBZ 34457 3803 17 represented represent VBN 34457 3803 18 by by IN 34457 3803 19 the the DT 34457 3803 20 curve curve NN 34457 3803 21 which which WDT 34457 3803 22 passes pass VBZ 34457 3803 23 through through IN 34457 3803 24 a a DT 34457 3803 25 point point NN 34457 3803 26 of of IN 34457 3803 27 maximal maximal JJ 34457 3803 28 concentration concentration NN 34457 3803 29 with with IN 34457 3803 30 respect respect NN 34457 3803 31 to to IN 34457 3803 32 HCl HCl NNS 34457 3803 33 , , , 34457 3803 34 and and CC 34457 3803 35 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3803 36 the the DT 34457 3803 37 curve curve NN 34457 3803 38 SN SN NNP 34457 3803 39 at at IN 34457 3803 40 the the DT 34457 3803 41 point point NN 34457 3803 42 112 112 CD 34457 3803 43 , , , 34457 3803 44 at at IN 34457 3803 45 which which WDT 34457 3803 46 the the DT 34457 3803 47 solution solution NN 34457 3803 48 is be VBZ 34457 3803 49 in in IN 34457 3803 50 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3803 51 with with IN 34457 3803 52 the the DT 34457 3803 53 two two CD 34457 3803 54 solid solid JJ 34457 3803 55 phases phase NNS 34457 3803 56 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3803 57 and and CC 34457 3803 58 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O. 2fecl_{3},2hcl,8h_{2}o. CD 34457 3804 1 The the DT 34457 3804 2 succeeding succeed VBG 34457 3804 3 portion portion NN 34457 3804 4 of of IN 34457 3804 5 the the DT 34457 3804 6 isotherm isotherm NN 34457 3804 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3804 8 the the DT 34457 3804 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 3804 10 curve curve NN 34457 3804 11 at at IN 34457 3804 12 -20 -20 NNP 34457 3804 13 ° ° NNS 34457 3804 14 of of IN 34457 3804 15 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3804 16 , , , 34457 3804 17 which which WDT 34457 3804 18 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3804 19 the the DT 34457 3804 20 dark dark JJ 34457 3804 21 line line NN 34457 3804 22 OS os NN 34457 3804 23 at at IN 34457 3804 24 point point NN 34457 3804 25 113 113 CD 34457 3804 26 , , , 34457 3804 27 at at IN 34457 3804 28 which which WDT 34457 3804 29 the the DT 34457 3804 30 solution solution NN 34457 3804 31 is be VBZ 34457 3804 32 in in IN 34457 3804 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3804 34 with with IN 34457 3804 35 the the DT 34457 3804 36 two two CD 34457 3804 37 solid solid JJ 34457 3804 38 phases phase NNS 34457 3804 39 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3804 40 and and CC 34457 3804 41 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O. 2fecl_{3},2hcl,4h_{2}o. CD 34457 3805 1 Thereafter thereafter RB 34457 3805 2 comes come VBZ 34457 3805 3 the the DT 34457 3805 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 3805 5 curve curve NN 34457 3805 6 of of IN 34457 3805 7 the the DT 34457 3805 8 latter latter JJ 34457 3805 9 compound compound NN 34457 3805 10 . . . 34457 3806 1 The the DT 34457 3806 2 other other JJ 34457 3806 3 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3806 4 curves curve NNS 34457 3806 5 can can MD 34457 3806 6 be be VB 34457 3806 7 followed follow VBN 34457 3806 8 in in IN 34457 3806 9 a a DT 34457 3806 10 similar similar JJ 34457 3806 11 manner manner NN 34457 3806 12 . . . 34457 3807 1 If if IN 34457 3807 2 the the DT 34457 3807 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3807 4 is be VBZ 34457 3807 5 raised raise VBN 34457 3807 6 , , , 34457 3807 7 the the DT 34457 3807 8 region region NN 34457 3807 9 of of IN 34457 3807 10 existence existence NN 34457 3807 11 of of IN 34457 3807 12 the the DT 34457 3807 13 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3807 14 double double JJ 34457 3807 15 salts salt NNS 34457 3807 16 becomes become VBZ 34457 3807 17 smaller small JJR 34457 3807 18 and and CC 34457 3807 19 smaller small JJR 34457 3807 20 , , , 34457 3807 21 and and CC 34457 3807 22 at at IN 34457 3807 23 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3807 24 above above IN 34457 3807 25 30 30 NNP 34457 3807 26 ° ° , 34457 3807 27 the the DT 34457 3807 28 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3807 29 salts salt NNS 34457 3807 30 with with IN 34457 3807 31 12H_{2}O 12H_{2}O NNS 34457 3807 32 and and CC 34457 3807 33 8H_{2}O 8h_{2}o CD 34457 3807 34 are be VBP 34457 3807 35 no no RB 34457 3807 36 longer long RBR 34457 3807 37 capable capable JJ 34457 3807 38 of of IN 34457 3807 39 existing exist VBG 34457 3807 40 . . . 34457 3808 1 If if IN 34457 3808 2 the the DT 34457 3808 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3808 4 is be VBZ 34457 3808 5 raised raise VBN 34457 3808 6 above above IN 34457 3808 7 46 46â CD 34457 3808 8 ° ° NNS 34457 3808 9 , , , 34457 3808 10 only only RB 34457 3808 11 the the DT 34457 3808 12 binary binary JJ 34457 3808 13 compounds compound NNS 34457 3808 14 of of IN 34457 3808 15 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3808 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 3808 17 and and CC 34457 3808 18 water water NN 34457 3808 19 and and CC 34457 3808 20 the the DT 34457 3808 21 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3808 22 salt salt NN 34457 3808 23 can can MD 34457 3808 24 exist exist VB 34457 3808 25 as as IN 34457 3808 26 solid solid JJ 34457 3808 27 phases phase NNS 34457 3808 28 . . . 34457 3809 1 The the DT 34457 3809 2 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3809 3 curve curve NN 34457 3809 4 for for IN 34457 3809 5 0 0â NN 34457 3809 6 ° ° NNS 34457 3809 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3809 8 the the DT 34457 3809 9 solubility solubility NN 34457 3809 10 curve curve NN 34457 3809 11 for for IN 34457 3809 12 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3809 13 ; ; : 34457 3809 14 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3809 15 ; ; : 34457 3809 16 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3809 17 ; ; : 34457 3809 18 and and CC 34457 3809 19 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O. 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o. CD 34457 3810 1 { { -LRB- 34457 3810 2 296 296 CD 34457 3810 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3810 4 Finally finally RB 34457 3810 5 , , , 34457 3810 6 in in IN 34457 3810 7 the the DT 34457 3810 8 case case NN 34457 3810 9 of of IN 34457 3810 10 the the DT 34457 3810 11 system system NN 34457 3810 12 FeCl_{3}--HCl fecl_{3}--hcl NN 34457 3810 13 -- -- : 34457 3810 14 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 3810 15 , , , 34457 3810 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3810 17 find find VBP 34457 3810 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3810 19 closed close VBD 34457 3810 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3810 21 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3810 22 curves curve NNS 34457 3810 23 . . . 34457 3811 1 Since since IN 34457 3811 2 , , , 34457 3811 3 as as IN 34457 3811 4 already already RB 34457 3811 5 stated state VBN 34457 3811 6 , , , 34457 3811 7 the the DT 34457 3811 8 salt salt NN 34457 3811 9 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3811 10 has have VBZ 34457 3811 11 a a DT 34457 3811 12 definite definite JJ 34457 3811 13 melting melting NN 34457 3811 14 point point NN 34457 3811 15 , , , 34457 3811 16 the the DT 34457 3811 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 3811 18 of of IN 34457 3811 19 which which WDT 34457 3811 20 is be VBZ 34457 3811 21 therefore therefore RB 34457 3811 22 higher high JJR 34457 3811 23 than than IN 34457 3811 24 that that DT 34457 3811 25 at at IN 34457 3811 26 which which WDT 34457 3811 27 this this DT 34457 3811 28 compound compound NN 34457 3811 29 is be VBZ 34457 3811 30 in in IN 34457 3811 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3811 32 with with IN 34457 3811 33 solutions solution NNS 34457 3811 34 of of IN 34457 3811 35 other other JJ 34457 3811 36 composition composition NN 34457 3811 37 , , , 34457 3811 38 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3811 39 follows follow VBZ 34457 3811 40 that that IN 34457 3811 41 the the DT 34457 3811 42 line line NN 34457 3811 43 of of IN 34457 3811 44 intersection intersection NN 34457 3811 45 of of IN 34457 3811 46 an an DT 34457 3811 47 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 3811 48 plane plane NN 34457 3811 49 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 3811 50 with with IN 34457 3811 51 a a DT 34457 3811 52 temperature temperature NN 34457 3811 53 immediately immediately RB 34457 3811 54 below below IN 34457 3811 55 the the DT 34457 3811 56 melting melting NN 34457 3811 57 point point NN 34457 3811 58 of of IN 34457 3811 59 the the DT 34457 3811 60 salt salt NN 34457 3811 61 with with IN 34457 3811 62 the the DT 34457 3811 63 cone cone NN 34457 3811 64 - - HYPH 34457 3811 65 shaped shape VBN 34457 3811 66 surface surface NN 34457 3811 67 of of IN 34457 3811 68 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3811 69 region region NN 34457 3811 70 of of IN 34457 3811 71 existence existence NN 34457 3811 72 , , , 34457 3811 73 will will MD 34457 3811 74 form form VB 34457 3811 75 a a DT 34457 3811 76 closed closed JJ 34457 3811 77 curve curve NN 34457 3811 78 . . . 34457 3812 1 This this DT 34457 3812 2 is be VBZ 34457 3812 3 shown show VBN 34457 3812 4 by by IN 34457 3812 5 the the DT 34457 3812 6 isotherm isotherm NN 34457 3812 7 for for IN 34457 3812 8 -4.5 -4.5 NNP 34457 3812 9 ° ° NNP 34457 3812 10 , , , 34457 3812 11 which which WDT 34457 3812 12 surrounds surround VBZ 34457 3812 13 the the DT 34457 3812 14 point point NN 34457 3812 15 Q q NN 34457 3812 16 , , , 34457 3812 17 the the DT 34457 3812 18 melting melting NN 34457 3812 19 point point NN 34457 3812 20 of of IN 34457 3812 21 the the DT 34457 3812 22 ternary ternary JJ 34457 3812 23 salt salt NN 34457 3812 24 . . . 34457 3813 1 The the DT 34457 3813 2 following follow VBG 34457 3813 3 table table NN 34457 3813 4 gives give VBZ 34457 3813 5 some some DT 34457 3813 6 of of IN 34457 3813 7 the the DT 34457 3813 8 numerical numerical JJ 34457 3813 9 data datum NNS 34457 3813 10 from from IN 34457 3813 11 which which WDT 34457 3813 12 the the DT 34457 3813 13 curves curve NNS 34457 3813 14 and and CC 34457 3813 15 the the DT 34457 3813 16 model model NN 34457 3813 17 have have VBP 34457 3813 18 been be VBN 34457 3813 19 constructed:-- constructed:-- ADD 34457 3813 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3813 21 | | NNP 34457 3813 22 | | NNP 34457 3813 23 | | NNP 34457 3813 24 Composition Composition NNP 34457 3813 25 of of IN 34457 3813 26 the the DT 34457 3813 27 sol- sol- JJ 34457 3813 28 | | CD 34457 3813 29 | | CD 34457 3813 30 | | CD 34457 3813 31 ution ution NN 34457 3813 32 in in IN 34457 3813 33 gm.-mols gm.-mols NNP 34457 3813 34 . . . 34457 3814 1 salt salt NNP 34457 3814 2 Point Point NNP 34457 3814 3 . . . 34457 3815 1 | | JJ 34457 3815 2 Solid solid JJ 34457 3815 3 phases phase NNS 34457 3815 4 . . . 34457 3816 1 | | NNP 34457 3816 2 Temper- Temper- NNP 34457 3816 3 | | NNP 34457 3816 4 to to IN 34457 3816 5 100 100 CD 34457 3816 6 gm.-mols gm.-mol NNS 34457 3816 7 . . . 34457 3817 1 water water NN 34457 3817 2 . . . 34457 3818 1 | | CD 34457 3818 2 | | CD 34457 3818 3 ature ature NN 34457 3818 4 . . . 34457 3819 1 |------------------------ |------------------------ NNP 34457 3819 2 | | NNP 34457 3819 3 | | CD 34457 3819 4 | | NNP 34457 3819 5 HCl HCl NNS 34457 3819 6 | | CD 34457 3819 7 FeCl_{3 FeCl_{3 VBD 34457 3819 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3819 10 A a NN 34457 3819 11 | | CD 34457 3819 12 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 13 | | CD 34457 3819 14 -20 -20â NN 34457 3819 15 ° ° NNS 34457 3819 16 | | NNP 34457 3819 17 -- -- : 34457 3819 18 | | NNP 34457 3819 19 6.56 6.56 CD 34457 3819 20 | | CD 34457 3819 21 | | CD 34457 3819 22 | | CD 34457 3819 23 | | NNP 34457 3819 24 C C NNP 34457 3819 25 | | CD 34457 3819 26 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 27 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 28 ; ; : 34457 3819 29 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 30 | | CD 34457 3819 31 27.4 27.4â CD 34457 3819 32 ° ° , 34457 3819 33 | | NNP 34457 3819 34 -- -- : 34457 3819 35 | | CD 34457 3819 36 24.30 24.30 CD 34457 3819 37 | | NNS 34457 3819 38 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 39 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 40 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 41 | | NNP 34457 3819 42 | | NNP 34457 3819 43 | | CD 34457 3819 44 | | CD 34457 3819 45 | | CD 34457 3819 46 | | CD 34457 3819 47 | | CD 34457 3819 48 E e NN 34457 3819 49 | | NN 34457 3819 50 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 51 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 52 ; ; : 34457 3819 53 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 54 | | NNP 34457 3819 55 30 30 NNP 34457 3819 56 ° ° , 34457 3819 57 | | NNP 34457 3819 58 -- -- : 34457 3819 59 | | CD 34457 3819 60 30.24 30.24 CD 34457 3819 61 | | NNS 34457 3819 62 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 63 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 64 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 65 | | NNP 34457 3819 66 | | CD 34457 3819 67 | | CD 34457 3819 68 | | CD 34457 3819 69 | | CD 34457 3819 70 | | CD 34457 3819 71 | | CD 34457 3819 72 G g NN 34457 3819 73 | | NN 34457 3819 74 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 75 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 76 ; ; : 34457 3819 77 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 78 | | NNP 34457 3819 79 55 55 NNP 34457 3819 80 ° ° , 34457 3819 81 | | NNP 34457 3819 82 -- -- : 34457 3819 83 | | CD 34457 3819 84 40.64 40.64 CD 34457 3819 85 | | CD 34457 3819 86 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 87 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 88 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 89 | | NNP 34457 3819 90 | | CD 34457 3819 91 | | CD 34457 3819 92 | | CD 34457 3819 93 | | CD 34457 3819 94 | | CD 34457 3819 95 | | NNP 34457 3819 96 J J NNP 34457 3819 97 | | NNP 34457 3819 98 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 99 ; ; : 34457 3819 100 FeCl_{3 fecl_{3 JJ 34457 3819 101 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 102 | | NNP 34457 3819 103 66 66 NNP 34457 3819 104 ° ° , 34457 3819 105 | | NNP 34457 3819 106 -- -- : 34457 3819 107 | | CD 34457 3819 108 58.40 58.40 CD 34457 3819 109 | | CD 34457 3819 110 | | CD 34457 3819 111 | | CD 34457 3819 112 | | CD 34457 3819 113 | | CD 34457 3819 114 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 115 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 116 ; ; : 34457 3819 117 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 118 | | CD 34457 3819 119 | | NNP 34457 3819 120 | | NNP 34457 3819 121 L l NN 34457 3819 122 | | CD 34457 3819 123 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 124 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 125 ; ; : 34457 3819 126 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 127 | | NNP 34457 3819 128 -7.5 -7.5â NN 34457 3819 129 ° ° , 34457 3819 130 | | NNP 34457 3819 131 19.22 19.22 CD 34457 3819 132 | | CD 34457 3819 133 23.72 23.72 CD 34457 3819 134 | | NNS 34457 3819 135 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 136 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 137 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 138 | | NNP 34457 3819 139 | | CD 34457 3819 140 | | CD 34457 3819 141 | | CD 34457 3819 142 | | CD 34457 3819 143 | | CD 34457 3819 144 | | CD 34457 3819 145 | | CD 34457 3819 146 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 147 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 148 ; ; : 34457 3819 149 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 150 | | CD 34457 3819 151 | | CD 34457 3819 152 | | NNP 34457 3819 153 M M NNP 34457 3819 154 | | CD 34457 3819 155 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 156 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 157 ; ; : 34457 3819 158 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 159 | | CD 34457 3819 160 -7.3 -7.3â NN 34457 3819 161 ° ° , 34457 3819 162 | | NNP 34457 3819 163 23.08 23.08 CD 34457 3819 164 | | CD 34457 3819 165 28.55 28.55 CD 34457 3819 166 | | NNS 34457 3819 167 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 168 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 169 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 170 | | NNP 34457 3819 171 | | CD 34457 3819 172 | | CD 34457 3819 173 | | CD 34457 3819 174 | | CD 34457 3819 175 | | CD 34457 3819 176 | | CD 34457 3819 177 | | CD 34457 3819 178 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 179 2FeCl_{3},5H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},5h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 180 ; ; : 34457 3819 181 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 182 | | CD 34457 3819 183 | | CD 34457 3819 184 | | NNP 34457 3819 185 N n CD 34457 3819 186 | | CD 34457 3819 187 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 188 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 189 ; ; : 34457 3819 190 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 191 | | NNP 34457 3819 192 -16 -16 NNP 34457 3819 193 ° ° NNP 34457 3819 194 | | CD 34457 3819 195 28.40 28.40 CD 34457 3819 196 | | CD 34457 3819 197 31.89 31.89 CD 34457 3819 198 | | CD 34457 3819 199 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 200 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 201 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 202 | | NNP 34457 3819 203 | | CD 34457 3819 204 | | CD 34457 3819 205 | | CD 34457 3819 206 | | CD 34457 3819 207 | | CD 34457 3819 208 | | CD 34457 3819 209 | | CD 34457 3819 210 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 211 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 212 ; ; : 34457 3819 213 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 214 | | NNP 34457 3819 215 | | NNP 34457 3819 216 | | NNP 34457 3819 217 S S NNP 34457 3819 218 | | NNS 34457 3819 219 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 220 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,8h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 221 ; ; : 34457 3819 222 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 223 | | NNP 34457 3819 224 -27.5 -27.5 NNP 34457 3819 225 ° ° , 34457 3819 226 | | CD 34457 3819 227 32.33 32.33 CD 34457 3819 228 | | CD 34457 3819 229 34.21 34.21 CD 34457 3819 230 | | CD 34457 3819 231 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 232 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 233 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 234 | | NNP 34457 3819 235 | | NNP 34457 3819 236 | | CD 34457 3819 237 | | CD 34457 3819 238 | | CD 34457 3819 239 | | CD 34457 3819 240 | | CD 34457 3819 241 | | CD 34457 3819 242 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 243 2FeCl_{3},4H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},4h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 244 ; ; : 34457 3819 245 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 246 | | CD 34457 3819 247 | | CD 34457 3819 248 | | NNP 34457 3819 249 O o NN 34457 3819 250 | | CC 34457 3819 251 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 252 FeCl_{3 fecl_{3 NN 34457 3819 253 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 254 ; ; : 34457 3819 255 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 256 | | NNP 34457 3819 257 29 29 NNP 34457 3819 258 ° ° , 34457 3819 259 | | NNP 34457 3819 260 33.71 33.71 CD 34457 3819 261 | | CD 34457 3819 262 49.84 49.84 CD 34457 3819 263 | | NNS 34457 3819 264 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 265 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,4H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 266 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 267 | | NNP 34457 3819 268 | | NNP 34457 3819 269 | | CD 34457 3819 270 | | CD 34457 3819 271 | | CD 34457 3819 272 | | CD 34457 3819 273 | | CD 34457 3819 274 U u NN 34457 3819 275 | | NNS 34457 3819 276 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 277 2FeCl_{3},7H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},7h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 278 ; ; : 34457 3819 279 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 280 | | CD 34457 3819 281 -4.5 -4.5â NN 34457 3819 282 ° ° , 34457 3819 283 | | CD 34457 3819 284 20.66 20.66 CD 34457 3819 285 | | CD 34457 3819 286 25.74 25.74 CD 34457 3819 287 | | NNS 34457 3819 288 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 289 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 290 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 291 | | NNP 34457 3819 292 | | CD 34457 3819 293 | | CD 34457 3819 294 | | CD 34457 3819 295 | | CD 34457 3819 296 | | CD 34457 3819 297 | | CD 34457 3819 298 | | CD 34457 3819 299 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 300 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 301 ; ; : 34457 3819 302 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 303 | | CD 34457 3819 304 | | CD 34457 3819 305 | | CD 34457 3819 306 V v NN 34457 3819 307 | | CD 34457 3819 308 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 309 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 310 ; ; : 34457 3819 311 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 312 | | NNP 34457 3819 313 -13 -13 NNP 34457 3819 314 ° ° , 34457 3819 315 | | NNP 34457 3819 316 22.40 22.40 CD 34457 3819 317 | | CD 34457 3819 318 18.00 18.00 CD 34457 3819 319 | | NNS 34457 3819 320 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 321 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 322 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 323 | | NNP 34457 3819 324 | | CD 34457 3819 325 | | CD 34457 3819 326 | | CD 34457 3819 327 | | CD 34457 3819 328 | | CD 34457 3819 329 | | NNP 34457 3819 330 X x NN 34457 3819 331 | | CD 34457 3819 332 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 333 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 334 ; ; : 34457 3819 335 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 336 | | NNP 34457 3819 337 -12.5 -12.5 NNP 34457 3819 338 ° ° , 34457 3819 339 | | NNP 34457 3819 340 22.14 22.14 CD 34457 3819 341 | | CD 34457 3819 342 16.69 16.69 CD 34457 3819 343 | | NNS 34457 3819 344 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 345 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3819 346 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 347 | | NNP 34457 3819 348 | | CD 34457 3819 349 | | CD 34457 3819 350 | | CD 34457 3819 351 | | CD 34457 3819 352 | | CD 34457 3819 353 | | NNP 34457 3819 354 Q Q NNP 34457 3819 355 | | NNP 34457 3819 356 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,8H_{2}O NNP 34457 3819 357 | | CD 34457 3819 358 -3 -3 NNS 34457 3819 359 ° ° NNS 34457 3819 360 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3819 361 melting melting NN 34457 3819 362 point point NN 34457 3819 363 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3819 364 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3819 365 Basic basic JJ 34457 3819 366 Salts.--Another salts.--another CD 34457 3819 367 class class NN 34457 3819 368 of of IN 34457 3819 369 systems system NNS 34457 3819 370 in in IN 34457 3819 371 the the DT 34457 3819 372 study study NN 34457 3819 373 of of IN 34457 3819 374 { { -LRB- 34457 3819 375 297 297 CD 34457 3819 376 } } -RRB- 34457 3819 377 which which WDT 34457 3819 378 the the DT 34457 3819 379 Phase Phase NNP 34457 3819 380 Rule Rule NNP 34457 3819 381 has have VBZ 34457 3819 382 performed perform VBN 34457 3819 383 exceptional exceptional JJ 34457 3819 384 service service NN 34457 3819 385 , , , 34457 3819 386 is be VBZ 34457 3819 387 that that DT 34457 3819 388 of of IN 34457 3819 389 the the DT 34457 3819 390 basic basic JJ 34457 3819 391 salts salt NNS 34457 3819 392 . . . 34457 3820 1 In in IN 34457 3820 2 many many JJ 34457 3820 3 cases case NNS 34457 3820 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3820 5 is be VBZ 34457 3820 6 impossible impossible JJ 34457 3820 7 , , , 34457 3820 8 by by IN 34457 3820 9 the the DT 34457 3820 10 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 3820 11 methods method NNS 34457 3820 12 of of IN 34457 3820 13 analysis analysis NN 34457 3820 14 , , , 34457 3820 15 to to TO 34457 3820 16 decide decide VB 34457 3820 17 whether whether IN 34457 3820 18 one one CD 34457 3820 19 is be VBZ 34457 3820 20 dealing deal VBG 34457 3820 21 with with IN 34457 3820 22 a a DT 34457 3820 23 definite definite JJ 34457 3820 24 chemical chemical NN 34457 3820 25 individual individual NN 34457 3820 26 or or CC 34457 3820 27 with with IN 34457 3820 28 a a DT 34457 3820 29 mixture mixture NN 34457 3820 30 . . . 34457 3821 1 The the DT 34457 3821 2 question question NN 34457 3821 3 whether whether IN 34457 3821 4 a a DT 34457 3821 5 solid solid JJ 34457 3821 6 phase phase NN 34457 3821 7 is be VBZ 34457 3821 8 a a DT 34457 3821 9 chemical chemical NN 34457 3821 10 individual individual NN 34457 3821 11 can can MD 34457 3821 12 , , , 34457 3821 13 however however RB 34457 3821 14 , , , 34457 3821 15 be be VB 34457 3821 16 answered answer VBN 34457 3821 17 , , , 34457 3821 18 in in IN 34457 3821 19 most most JJS 34457 3821 20 cases case NNS 34457 3821 21 , , , 34457 3821 22 with with IN 34457 3821 23 the the DT 34457 3821 24 help help NN 34457 3821 25 of of IN 34457 3821 26 the the DT 34457 3821 27 principles principle NNS 34457 3821 28 which which WDT 34457 3821 29 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3821 30 have have VBP 34457 3821 31 already already RB 34457 3821 32 learnt learn VBN 34457 3821 33 . . . 34457 3822 1 Let let VB 34457 3822 2 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3822 3 consider consider VB 34457 3822 4 , , , 34457 3822 5 for for IN 34457 3822 6 example example NN 34457 3822 7 , , , 34457 3822 8 the the DT 34457 3822 9 formation formation NN 34457 3822 10 of of IN 34457 3822 11 basic basic JJ 34457 3822 12 salts salt NNS 34457 3822 13 from from IN 34457 3822 14 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 3822 15 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 3822 16 , , , 34457 3822 17 and and CC 34457 3822 18 water water NN 34457 3822 19 . . . 34457 3823 1 In in IN 34457 3823 2 this this DT 34457 3823 3 case case NN 34457 3823 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3823 5 can can MD 34457 3823 6 choose choose VB 34457 3823 7 as as IN 34457 3823 8 components component NNS 34457 3823 9 Bi_{2}O_{3 bi_{2}o_{3 JJ 34457 3823 10 } } -RRB- 34457 3823 11 , , , 34457 3823 12 N_{2}O_{5 N_{2}O_{5 NNP 34457 3823 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3823 14 , , , 34457 3823 15 and and CC 34457 3823 16 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 3823 17 ; ; : 34457 3823 18 since since IN 34457 3823 19 all all PDT 34457 3823 20 the the DT 34457 3823 21 systems system NNS 34457 3823 22 consist consist VBP 34457 3823 23 of of IN 34457 3823 24 these these DT 34457 3823 25 in in IN 34457 3823 26 varying vary VBG 34457 3823 27 amounts amount NNS 34457 3823 28 . . . 34457 3824 1 If if IN 34457 3824 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3824 3 are be VBP 34457 3824 4 dealing deal VBG 34457 3824 5 with with IN 34457 3824 6 a a DT 34457 3824 7 condition condition NN 34457 3824 8 of of IN 34457 3824 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3824 10 at at IN 34457 3824 11 constant constant JJ 34457 3824 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3824 13 between between IN 34457 3824 14 liquid liquid NN 34457 3824 15 and and CC 34457 3824 16 solid solid JJ 34457 3824 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3824 18 , , , 34457 3824 19 three three CD 34457 3824 20 cases case NNS 34457 3824 21 can can MD 34457 3824 22 be be VB 34457 3824 23 distinguished,[371 distinguished,[371 JJ 34457 3824 24 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3824 25 viz.-- viz.-- NFP 34457 3824 26 1 1 CD 34457 3824 27 . . . 34457 3825 1 The the DT 34457 3825 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 3825 3 in in IN 34457 3825 4 different different JJ 34457 3825 5 experiments experiment NNS 34457 3825 6 have have VBP 34457 3825 7 the the DT 34457 3825 8 same same JJ 34457 3825 9 composition composition NN 34457 3825 10 , , , 34457 3825 11 but but CC 34457 3825 12 the the DT 34457 3825 13 composition composition NN 34457 3825 14 of of IN 34457 3825 15 the the DT 34457 3825 16 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3825 17 alters alter NNS 34457 3825 18 . . . 34457 3826 1 In in IN 34457 3826 2 this this DT 34457 3826 3 case case NN 34457 3826 4 there there EX 34457 3826 5 must must MD 34457 3826 6 be be VB 34457 3826 7 two two CD 34457 3826 8 solid solid JJ 34457 3826 9 phases phase NNS 34457 3826 10 . . . 34457 3827 1 2 2 LS 34457 3827 2 . . . 34457 3828 1 The the DT 34457 3828 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 3828 3 in in IN 34457 3828 4 different different JJ 34457 3828 5 experiments experiment NNS 34457 3828 6 can can MD 34457 3828 7 have have VB 34457 3828 8 varying varying NN 34457 3828 9 composition composition NN 34457 3828 10 , , , 34457 3828 11 while while IN 34457 3828 12 the the DT 34457 3828 13 composition composition NN 34457 3828 14 of of IN 34457 3828 15 the the DT 34457 3828 16 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3828 17 remains remain VBZ 34457 3828 18 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 3828 19 . . . 34457 3829 1 In in IN 34457 3829 2 this this DT 34457 3829 3 case case NN 34457 3829 4 only only RB 34457 3829 5 one one CD 34457 3829 6 solid solid JJ 34457 3829 7 phase phase NN 34457 3829 8 exists exist VBZ 34457 3829 9 , , , 34457 3829 10 a a DT 34457 3829 11 definite definite JJ 34457 3829 12 compound compound NN 34457 3829 13 . . . 34457 3830 1 3 3 LS 34457 3830 2 . . . 34457 3831 1 The the DT 34457 3831 2 composition composition NN 34457 3831 3 both both DT 34457 3831 4 of of IN 34457 3831 5 the the DT 34457 3831 6 solution solution NN 34457 3831 7 and and CC 34457 3831 8 of of IN 34457 3831 9 the the DT 34457 3831 10 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3831 11 varies varie NNS 34457 3831 12 . . . 34457 3832 1 In in IN 34457 3832 2 this this DT 34457 3832 3 case case NN 34457 3832 4 the the DT 34457 3832 5 solid solid JJ 34457 3832 6 phase phase NN 34457 3832 7 is be VBZ 34457 3832 8 a a DT 34457 3832 9 solid solid JJ 34457 3832 10 solution solution NN 34457 3832 11 or or CC 34457 3832 12 a a DT 34457 3832 13 mixed mix VBN 34457 3832 14 crystal crystal NN 34457 3832 15 . . . 34457 3833 1 In in IN 34457 3833 2 order order NN 34457 3833 3 , , , 34457 3833 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3833 5 , , , 34457 3833 6 to to TO 34457 3833 7 decide decide VB 34457 3833 8 what what WP 34457 3833 9 is be VBZ 34457 3833 10 the the DT 34457 3833 11 nature nature NN 34457 3833 12 of of IN 34457 3833 13 a a DT 34457 3833 14 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3833 15 produced produce VBN 34457 3833 16 by by IN 34457 3833 17 the the DT 34457 3833 18 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN 34457 3833 19 of of IN 34457 3833 20 a a DT 34457 3833 21 normal normal JJ 34457 3833 22 salt salt NN 34457 3833 23 , , , 34457 3833 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3833 25 is be VBZ 34457 3833 26 only only RB 34457 3833 27 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3833 28 to to TO 34457 3833 29 ascertain ascertain VB 34457 3833 30 whether whether IN 34457 3833 31 and and CC 34457 3833 32 how how WRB 34457 3833 33 the the DT 34457 3833 34 composition composition NN 34457 3833 35 of of IN 34457 3833 36 the the DT 34457 3833 37 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3833 38 alters alter NNS 34457 3833 39 with with IN 34457 3833 40 alteration alteration NN 34457 3833 41 in in IN 34457 3833 42 the the DT 34457 3833 43 composition composition NN 34457 3833 44 of of IN 34457 3833 45 the the DT 34457 3833 46 solution solution NN 34457 3833 47 . . . 34457 3834 1 If if IN 34457 3834 2 the the DT 34457 3834 3 composition composition NN 34457 3834 4 of of IN 34457 3834 5 the the DT 34457 3834 6 solution solution NN 34457 3834 7 is be VBZ 34457 3834 8 represented represent VBN 34457 3834 9 by by IN 34457 3834 10 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 3834 11 ¦ ¦ NNP 34457 3834 12 , , , 34457 3834 13 and and CC 34457 3834 14 the the DT 34457 3834 15 composition composition NN 34457 3834 16 of of IN 34457 3834 17 the the DT 34457 3834 18 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3834 19 by by IN 34457 3834 20 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3834 21 , , , 34457 3834 22 the the DT 34457 3834 23 form form NN 34457 3834 24 of of IN 34457 3834 25 the the DT 34457 3834 26 curves curve NNS 34457 3834 27 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3834 28 would would MD 34457 3834 29 enable enable VB 34457 3834 30 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3834 31 to to TO 34457 3834 32 answer answer VB 34457 3834 33 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3834 34 question question NN 34457 3834 35 ; ; : 34457 3834 36 for for IN 34457 3834 37 vertical vertical JJ 34457 3834 38 lines line NNS 34457 3834 39 would would MD 34457 3834 40 indicate indicate VB 34457 3834 41 the the DT 34457 3834 42 presence presence NN 34457 3834 43 of of IN 34457 3834 44 two two CD 34457 3834 45 solid solid JJ 34457 3834 46 phases phase NNS 34457 3834 47 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3834 48 1st 1st NNP 34457 3834 49 case case NN 34457 3834 50 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3834 51 , , , 34457 3834 52 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 3834 53 lines line NNS 34457 3834 54 the the DT 34457 3834 55 presence presence NN 34457 3834 56 of of IN 34457 3834 57 only only RB 34457 3834 58 one one CD 34457 3834 59 solid solid JJ 34457 3834 60 phase phase NN 34457 3834 61 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3834 62 2nd 2nd JJ 34457 3834 63 case case NN 34457 3834 64 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3834 65 , , , 34457 3834 66 and and CC 34457 3834 67 slanting slant VBG 34457 3834 68 lines line NNS 34457 3834 69 the the DT 34457 3834 70 presence presence NN 34457 3834 71 of of IN 34457 3834 72 mixed mixed JJ 34457 3834 73 crystals crystal NNS 34457 3834 74 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3834 75 3rd 3rd JJ 34457 3834 76 case case NN 34457 3834 77 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3834 78 . . . 34457 3835 1 This this DT 34457 3835 2 method method NN 34457 3835 3 of of IN 34457 3835 4 representation representation NN 34457 3835 5 can can MD 34457 3835 6 not not RB 34457 3835 7 , , , 34457 3835 8 however however RB 34457 3835 9 , , , 34457 3835 10 be be VB 34457 3835 11 carried carry VBN 34457 3835 12 out out RP 34457 3835 13 in in IN 34457 3835 14 most most JJS 34457 3835 15 cases case NNS 34457 3835 16 . . . 34457 3836 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3836 2 is be VBZ 34457 3836 3 , , , 34457 3836 4 however however RB 34457 3836 5 , , , 34457 3836 6 { { -LRB- 34457 3836 7 298 298 CD 34457 3836 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3836 9 generally generally RB 34457 3836 10 possible possible JJ 34457 3836 11 to to TO 34457 3836 12 find find VB 34457 3836 13 one one CD 34457 3836 14 pair pair NN 34457 3836 15 or or CC 34457 3836 16 several several JJ 34457 3836 17 pairs pair NNS 34457 3836 18 of of IN 34457 3836 19 components component NNS 34457 3836 20 , , , 34457 3836 21 the the DT 34457 3836 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3836 23 relative relative JJ 34457 3836 24 amounts amount NNS 34457 3836 25 _ _ NNP 34457 3836 26 of of IN 34457 3836 27 which which WDT 34457 3836 28 in in IN 34457 3836 29 the the DT 34457 3836 30 solution solution NN 34457 3836 31 or or CC 34457 3836 32 in in IN 34457 3836 33 the the DT 34457 3836 34 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3836 35 undergo undergo NN 34457 3836 36 change change NN 34457 3836 37 when when WRB 34457 3836 38 , , , 34457 3836 39 and and CC 34457 3836 40 only only RB 34457 3836 41 when when WRB 34457 3836 42 , , , 34457 3836 43 the the DT 34457 3836 44 composition composition NN 34457 3836 45 of of IN 34457 3836 46 the the DT 34457 3836 47 solution solution NN 34457 3836 48 or or CC 34457 3836 49 of of IN 34457 3836 50 the the DT 34457 3836 51 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3836 52 changes change NNS 34457 3836 53 . . . 34457 3837 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3837 2 , , , 34457 3837 3 in in IN 34457 3837 4 the the DT 34457 3837 5 case case NN 34457 3837 6 of of IN 34457 3837 7 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 3837 8 , , , 34457 3837 9 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 3837 10 , , , 34457 3837 11 and and CC 34457 3837 12 water water NN 34457 3837 13 , , , 34457 3837 14 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3837 15 can can MD 34457 3837 16 represent represent VB 34457 3837 17 the the DT 34457 3837 18 ratio ratio NN 34457 3837 19 of of IN 34457 3837 20 Bi_{2}O_{3 bi_{2}o_{3 NN 34457 3837 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3837 22 : : : 34457 3837 23 N_{2}O_{5 N_{2}O_{5 NNP 34457 3837 24 } } -RRB- 34457 3837 25 in in IN 34457 3837 26 the the DT 34457 3837 27 precipitate precipitate NN 34457 3837 28 as as IN 34457 3837 29 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3837 30 , , , 34457 3837 31 and and CC 34457 3837 32 N_{2}O_{5 N_{2}O_{5 NNP 34457 3837 33 } } -RRB- 34457 3837 34 : : : 34457 3837 35 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 3837 36 in in IN 34457 3837 37 the the DT 34457 3837 38 solution solution NN 34457 3837 39 as as IN 34457 3837 40 abscissà abscissà NNP 34457 3837 41 ¦ ¦ NNP 34457 3837 42 . . . 34457 3838 1 A a DT 34457 3838 2 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 3838 3 line line NN 34457 3838 4 then then RB 34457 3838 5 indicates indicate VBZ 34457 3838 6 a a DT 34457 3838 7 single single JJ 34457 3838 8 solid solid JJ 34457 3838 9 phase phase NN 34457 3838 10 , , , 34457 3838 11 and and CC 34457 3838 12 a a DT 34457 3838 13 vertical vertical JJ 34457 3838 14 line line NN 34457 3838 15 two two CD 34457 3838 16 solid solid JJ 34457 3838 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3838 18 . . . 34457 3839 1 An an DT 34457 3839 2 example example NN 34457 3839 3 of of IN 34457 3839 4 this this DT 34457 3839 5 is be VBZ 34457 3839 6 given give VBN 34457 3839 7 in in IN 34457 3839 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3839 9 . . . 34457 3840 1 118 118 CD 34457 3840 2 . . . 34457 3841 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3841 2 372 372 CD 34457 3841 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3841 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3841 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3841 6 : : : 34457 3841 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3841 8 . . . 34457 3842 1 118 118 CD 34457 3842 2 . . . 34457 3842 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3843 1 Bi_{2}O_{3}--N_{2}O_{5}--H_{2}O.--Although bi_{2}o_{3}--n_{2}o_{5}--h_{2}o.--although IN 34457 3843 2 various various JJ 34457 3843 3 systems system NNS 34457 3843 4 have have VBP 34457 3843 5 been be VBN 34457 3843 6 studied study VBN 34457 3843 7 in in IN 34457 3843 8 which which WDT 34457 3843 9 there there EX 34457 3843 10 is be VBZ 34457 3843 11 formation formation NN 34457 3843 12 of of IN 34457 3843 13 basic basic JJ 34457 3843 14 salts,[373 salts,[373 NN 34457 3843 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3843 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3843 17 shall shall MD 34457 3843 18 content content VB 34457 3843 19 ourselves -PRON- PRP 34457 3843 20 here here RB 34457 3843 21 with with IN 34457 3843 22 the the DT 34457 3843 23 description description NN 34457 3843 24 of of IN 34457 3843 25 some some DT 34457 3843 26 of of IN 34457 3843 27 the the DT 34457 3843 28 conditions condition NNS 34457 3843 29 for for IN 34457 3843 30 the the DT 34457 3843 31 formation formation NN 34457 3843 32 of of IN 34457 3843 33 basic basic JJ 34457 3843 34 salts salt NNS 34457 3843 35 of of IN 34457 3843 36 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 3843 37 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 3843 38 , , , 34457 3843 39 and and CC 34457 3843 40 for for IN 34457 3843 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3843 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3843 43 in in IN 34457 3843 44 contact contact NN 34457 3843 45 with with IN 34457 3843 46 solutions solution NNS 34457 3843 47 . . . 34457 3844 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3844 2 374 374 CD 34457 3844 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3844 4 Three three CD 34457 3844 5 normal normal JJ 34457 3844 6 salts salt NNS 34457 3844 7 of of IN 34457 3844 8 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 3844 9 oxide oxide NN 34457 3844 10 and and CC 34457 3844 11 nitric nitric JJ 34457 3844 12 acid acid NN 34457 3844 13 are be VBP 34457 3844 14 known know VBN 34457 3844 15 , , , 34457 3844 16 viz viz NN 34457 3844 17 . . . 34457 3845 1 Bi_{2}O_{3},3N_{2}O_{5},10H_{2}O(S_{10 Bi_{2}O_{3},3N_{2}O_{5},10H_{2}O(S_{10 NNP 34457 3845 2 } } -RRB- 34457 3845 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3845 4 ; ; : 34457 3845 5 Bi_{2}O_{3},3N_{2}O_{5},4H_{2}O(S_{4 bi_{2}o_{3},3n_{2}o_{5},4h_{2}o(s_{4 NN 34457 3845 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3845 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3845 8 ; ; : 34457 3845 9 and and CC 34457 3845 10 Bi_{2}O_{3},3N_{2}O_{5},3H_{2}O(S_{3 bi_{2}o_{3},3n_{2}o_{5},3h_{2}o(s_{3 NN 34457 3845 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3845 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3845 13 . . . 34457 3846 1 Besides besides IN 34457 3846 2 these these DT 34457 3846 3 normal normal JJ 34457 3846 4 salts salt NNS 34457 3846 5 , , , 34457 3846 6 there there EX 34457 3846 7 are be VBP 34457 3846 8 the the DT 34457 3846 9 following follow VBG 34457 3846 10 basic basic JJ 34457 3846 11 salts:-- salts:-- NN 34457 3846 12 { { -LRB- 34457 3846 13 299 299 CD 34457 3846 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3846 15 Bi_{2}O_{3},N_{2}O_{5},2H_{2}O bi_{2}o_{3},n_{2}o_{5},2h_{2}o NN 34457 3846 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3846 17 represented represent VBN 34457 3846 18 by by IN 34457 3846 19 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3846 20 - - HYPH 34457 3846 21 1 1 CD 34457 3846 22 - - HYPH 34457 3846 23 2 2 CD 34457 3846 24 } } -RRB- 34457 3846 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3846 26 Bi_{2}O_{3},N_{2}O_{5},H_{2}O bi_{2}o_{3},n_{2}o_{5},h_{2}o NN 34457 3846 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3846 28 " " `` 34457 3846 29 " " `` 34457 3846 30 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3846 31 - - HYPH 34457 3846 32 1 1 CD 34457 3846 33 - - HYPH 34457 3846 34 1 1 CD 34457 3846 35 } } -RRB- 34457 3846 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3846 37 6Bi_{2}O_{3},5N_{2}O_{5},9H_{2}O 6bi_{2}o_{3},5n_{2}o_{5},9h_{2}o CD 34457 3846 38 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3846 39 " " `` 34457 3846 40 " " `` 34457 3846 41 B_{6 B_{6 NNP 34457 3846 42 - - HYPH 34457 3846 43 5 5 CD 34457 3846 44 - - SYM 34457 3846 45 9 9 CD 34457 3846 46 } } -RRB- 34457 3846 47 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3846 48 2Bi_{2}O_{3},N_{2}O_{5},H_{2}O 2bi_{2}o_{3},n_{2}o_{5},h_{2}o CD 34457 3846 49 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3846 50 " " `` 34457 3846 51 " " `` 34457 3846 52 B_{2 B_{2 NNP 34457 3846 53 - - HYPH 34457 3846 54 1 1 CD 34457 3846 55 - - HYPH 34457 3846 56 1 1 CD 34457 3846 57 } } -RRB- 34457 3846 58 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3846 59 Probably probably RB 34457 3846 60 some some DT 34457 3846 61 others other NNS 34457 3846 62 also also RB 34457 3846 63 exist exist VBP 34457 3846 64 . . . 34457 3847 1 The the DT 34457 3847 2 problem problem NN 34457 3847 3 now now RB 34457 3847 4 is be VBZ 34457 3847 5 to to TO 34457 3847 6 find find VB 34457 3847 7 the the DT 34457 3847 8 conditions condition NNS 34457 3847 9 under under IN 34457 3847 10 which which WDT 34457 3847 11 these these DT 34457 3847 12 different different JJ 34457 3847 13 normal normal JJ 34457 3847 14 and and CC 34457 3847 15 basic basic JJ 34457 3847 16 salts salt NNS 34457 3847 17 can can MD 34457 3847 18 be be VB 34457 3847 19 in in IN 34457 3847 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3847 21 with with IN 34457 3847 22 solutions solution NNS 34457 3847 23 of of IN 34457 3847 24 varying vary VBG 34457 3847 25 concentration concentration NN 34457 3847 26 of of IN 34457 3847 27 the the DT 34457 3847 28 three three CD 34457 3847 29 components component NNS 34457 3847 30 . . . 34457 3848 1 Having have VBG 34457 3848 2 determined determine VBN 34457 3848 3 the the DT 34457 3848 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3848 5 conditions condition NNS 34457 3848 6 for for IN 34457 3848 7 the the DT 34457 3848 8 different different JJ 34457 3848 9 salts salt NNS 34457 3848 10 , , , 34457 3848 11 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3848 12 is be VBZ 34457 3848 13 then then RB 34457 3848 14 possible possible JJ 34457 3848 15 to to TO 34457 3848 16 construct construct VB 34457 3848 17 a a DT 34457 3848 18 model model NN 34457 3848 19 similar similar JJ 34457 3848 20 to to IN 34457 3848 21 that that DT 34457 3848 22 for for IN 34457 3848 23 MgCl_{2}--KCl mgcl_{2}--kcl RB 34457 3848 24 -- -- : 34457 3848 25 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 3848 26 or or CC 34457 3848 27 for for IN 34457 3848 28 FeCl_{3}--HCl FeCl_{3}--HCl NNP 34457 3848 29 -- -- : 34457 3848 30 H_{2}O h_{2}o JJ 34457 3848 31 , , , 34457 3848 32 from from IN 34457 3848 33 which which WDT 34457 3848 34 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3848 35 will will MD 34457 3848 36 be be VB 34457 3848 37 possible possible JJ 34457 3848 38 to to TO 34457 3848 39 determine determine VB 34457 3848 40 the the DT 34457 3848 41 limits limit NNS 34457 3848 42 of of IN 34457 3848 43 stability stability NN 34457 3848 44 of of IN 34457 3848 45 the the DT 34457 3848 46 different different JJ 34457 3848 47 salts salt NNS 34457 3848 48 , , , 34457 3848 49 and and CC 34457 3848 50 to to TO 34457 3848 51 predict predict VB 34457 3848 52 what what WP 34457 3848 53 will will MD 34457 3848 54 occur occur VB 34457 3848 55 when when WRB 34457 3848 56 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3848 57 bring bring VBP 34457 3848 58 the the DT 34457 3848 59 salts salt NNS 34457 3848 60 in in IN 34457 3848 61 contact contact NN 34457 3848 62 with with IN 34457 3848 63 solutions solution NNS 34457 3848 64 of of IN 34457 3848 65 nitric nitric JJ 34457 3848 66 acid acid NN 34457 3848 67 of of IN 34457 3848 68 different different JJ 34457 3848 69 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3848 70 and and CC 34457 3848 71 at at IN 34457 3848 72 different different JJ 34457 3848 73 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3848 74 . . . 34457 3849 1 For for IN 34457 3849 2 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3849 3 present present JJ 34457 3849 4 purpose purpose NN 34457 3849 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3849 6 is be VBZ 34457 3849 7 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 3849 8 to to TO 34457 3849 9 pick pick VB 34457 3849 10 out out RP 34457 3849 11 only only RB 34457 3849 12 some some DT 34457 3849 13 of of IN 34457 3849 14 the the DT 34457 3849 15 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3849 16 which which WDT 34457 3849 17 have have VBP 34457 3849 18 been be VBN 34457 3849 19 studied study VBN 34457 3849 20 , , , 34457 3849 21 and and CC 34457 3849 22 which which WDT 34457 3849 23 are be VBP 34457 3849 24 represented represent VBN 34457 3849 25 in in IN 34457 3849 26 the the DT 34457 3849 27 model model NN 34457 3849 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3849 29 Fig fig NN 34457 3849 30 . . . 34457 3850 1 119 119 CD 34457 3850 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3850 3 . . . 34457 3851 1 In in IN 34457 3851 2 this this DT 34457 3851 3 case case NN 34457 3851 4 use use NN 34457 3851 5 has have VBZ 34457 3851 6 been be VBN 34457 3851 7 made make VBN 34457 3851 8 of of IN 34457 3851 9 the the DT 34457 3851 10 triangular triangular JJ 34457 3851 11 method method NN 34457 3851 12 of of IN 34457 3851 13 representation representation NN 34457 3851 14 , , , 34457 3851 15 so so IN 34457 3851 16 that that IN 34457 3851 17 the the DT 34457 3851 18 surface surface NN 34457 3851 19 of of IN 34457 3851 20 the the DT 34457 3851 21 model model NN 34457 3851 22 lies lie VBZ 34457 3851 23 within within IN 34457 3851 24 the the DT 34457 3851 25 prism prism NN 34457 3851 26 . . . 34457 3852 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3852 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3852 3 : : : 34457 3852 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3852 5 . . . 34457 3853 1 119 119 CD 34457 3853 2 . . . 34457 3853 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3854 1 This this DT 34457 3854 2 model model NN 34457 3854 3 shows show VBZ 34457 3854 4 the the DT 34457 3854 5 three three CD 34457 3854 6 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3854 7 , , , 34457 3854 8 A a NN 34457 3854 9 , , , 34457 3854 10 B b NN 34457 3854 11 , , , 34457 3854 12 and and CC 34457 3854 13 C C NNP 34457 3854 14 , , , 34457 3854 15 which which WDT 34457 3854 16 represent represent VBP 34457 3854 17 the the DT 34457 3854 18 conditions condition NNS 34457 3854 19 for for IN 34457 3854 20 the the DT 34457 3854 21 stable stable JJ 34457 3854 22 existence existence NN 34457 3854 23 of of IN 34457 3854 24 the the DT 34457 3854 25 salts salt NNS 34457 3854 26 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3854 27 - - HYPH 34457 3854 28 1 1 CD 34457 3854 29 - - HYPH 34457 3854 30 1 1 CD 34457 3854 31 } } -RRB- 34457 3854 32 , , , 34457 3854 33 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3854 34 } } -RRB- 34457 3854 35 , , , 34457 3854 36 and and CC 34457 3854 37 S_{3 S_{3 NNP 34457 3854 38 } } -RRB- 34457 3854 39 in in IN 34457 3854 40 contact contact NN 34457 3854 41 with with IN 34457 3854 42 solution solution NN 34457 3854 43 at at IN 34457 3854 44 different different JJ 34457 3854 45 { { -LRB- 34457 3854 46 300 300 CD 34457 3854 47 } } -RRB- 34457 3854 48 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3854 49 . . . 34457 3855 1 The the DT 34457 3855 2 front front JJ 34457 3855 3 surface surface NN 34457 3855 4 of of IN 34457 3855 5 the the DT 34457 3855 6 model model NN 34457 3855 7 represents represent VBZ 34457 3855 8 the the DT 34457 3855 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3855 10 9 9â NN 34457 3855 11 ° ° NNS 34457 3855 12 , , , 34457 3855 13 and and CC 34457 3855 14 the the DT 34457 3855 15 farther farther JJ 34457 3855 16 end end VB 34457 3855 17 the the DT 34457 3855 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3855 19 75.5 75.5â CD 34457 3855 20 ° ° NNS 34457 3855 21 . . . 34457 3856 1 The the DT 34457 3856 2 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3856 3 curve curve NN 34457 3856 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 3856 5 the the DT 34457 3856 6 isotherm isotherm NN 34457 3856 7 for for IN 34457 3856 8 20 20â CD 34457 3856 9 ° ° NNS 34457 3856 10 . . . 34457 3857 1 The the DT 34457 3857 2 prominences prominence NNS 34457 3857 3 between between IN 34457 3857 4 the the DT 34457 3857 5 surfaces surface NNS 34457 3857 6 represent represent VBP 34457 3857 7 , , , 34457 3857 8 of of IN 34457 3857 9 course course NN 34457 3857 10 , , , 34457 3857 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 3857 12 which which WDT 34457 3857 13 are be VBP 34457 3857 14 saturated saturate VBN 34457 3857 15 in in IN 34457 3857 16 respect respect NN 34457 3857 17 of of IN 34457 3857 18 two two CD 34457 3857 19 solid solid JJ 34457 3857 20 phases phase NNS 34457 3857 21 . . . 34457 3858 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3858 2 , , , 34457 3858 3 for for IN 34457 3858 4 example example NN 34457 3858 5 , , , 34457 3858 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3858 7 pabc pabc NN 34457 3858 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3858 9 represents represent VBZ 34457 3858 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 3858 11 in in IN 34457 3858 12 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3858 13 with with IN 34457 3858 14 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3858 15 - - HYPH 34457 3858 16 1 1 CD 34457 3858 17 - - HYPH 34457 3858 18 1 1 CD 34457 3858 19 } } -RRB- 34457 3858 20 and and CC 34457 3858 21 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3858 22 } } -RRB- 34457 3858 23 ; ; : 34457 3858 24 and and CC 34457 3858 25 the the DT 34457 3858 26 ridge ridge NN 34457 3858 27 _ _ NNP 34457 3858 28 qdc qdc NNP 34457 3858 29 _ _ NNP 34457 3858 30 , , , 34457 3858 31 solutions solution NNS 34457 3858 32 in in IN 34457 3858 33 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3858 34 with with IN 34457 3858 35 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3858 36 } } -RRB- 34457 3858 37 and and CC 34457 3858 38 S_{3 S_{3 NNP 34457 3858 39 } } -RRB- 34457 3858 40 . . . 34457 3859 1 The the DT 34457 3859 2 point point NN 34457 3859 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3859 4 b b NNP 34457 3859 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3859 6 , , , 34457 3859 7 which which WDT 34457 3859 8 lies lie VBZ 34457 3859 9 at at IN 34457 3859 10 75.5 75.5â CD 34457 3859 11 ° ° NNS 34457 3859 12 , , , 34457 3859 13 is be VBZ 34457 3859 14 the the DT 34457 3859 15 point point NN 34457 3859 16 of of IN 34457 3859 17 maximum maximum JJ 34457 3859 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 3859 19 for for IN 34457 3859 20 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3859 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3859 22 . . . 34457 3860 1 If if IN 34457 3860 2 the the DT 34457 3860 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3860 4 is be VBZ 34457 3860 5 raised raise VBN 34457 3860 6 above above IN 34457 3860 7 this this DT 34457 3860 8 point point NN 34457 3860 9 , , , 34457 3860 10 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3860 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3860 12 decomposes decompose VBZ 34457 3860 13 into into IN 34457 3860 14 the the DT 34457 3860 15 basic basic JJ 34457 3860 16 salt salt NN 34457 3860 17 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3860 18 - - HYPH 34457 3860 19 1 1 CD 34457 3860 20 - - HYPH 34457 3860 21 1 1 CD 34457 3860 22 } } -RRB- 34457 3860 23 and and CC 34457 3860 24 solution solution NN 34457 3860 25 . . . 34457 3861 1 This this DT 34457 3861 2 point point NN 34457 3861 3 is be VBZ 34457 3861 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3861 5 analogous analogous JJ 34457 3861 6 to to IN 34457 3861 7 the the DT 34457 3861 8 point point NN 34457 3861 9 M m NN 34457 3861 10 in in IN 34457 3861 11 the the DT 34457 3861 12 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 3861 13 model model NN 34457 3861 14 , , , 34457 3861 15 at at IN 34457 3861 16 which which WDT 34457 3861 17 this this DT 34457 3861 18 salt salt NN 34457 3861 19 decomposes decompose VBZ 34457 3861 20 into into IN 34457 3861 21 potassium potassium NN 34457 3861 22 chloride chloride NN 34457 3861 23 and and CC 34457 3861 24 solution solution NN 34457 3861 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3861 26 p. p. NN 34457 3861 27 284 284 CD 34457 3861 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3861 29 ; ; : 34457 3861 30 or or CC 34457 3861 31 to to IN 34457 3861 32 the the DT 34457 3861 33 point point NN 34457 3861 34 at at IN 34457 3861 35 which which WDT 34457 3861 36 the the DT 34457 3861 37 salt salt NN 34457 3861 38 2FeCl_{3},2HCl,12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},2hcl,12h_{2}o CD 34457 3861 39 decomposes decompose NNS 34457 3861 40 into into IN 34457 3861 41 2FeCl_{3},12H_{2}O 2fecl_{3},12h_{2}o CD 34457 3861 42 and and CC 34457 3861 43 solution solution NN 34457 3861 44 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3861 45 p. p. NN 34457 3861 46 294 294 CD 34457 3861 47 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3861 48 . . . 34457 3862 1 The the DT 34457 3862 2 curve curve NN 34457 3862 3 _ _ NNP 34457 3862 4 pab pab NN 34457 3862 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3862 6 has have VBZ 34457 3862 7 been be VBN 34457 3862 8 followed follow VBN 34457 3862 9 to to IN 34457 3862 10 the the DT 34457 3862 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 3862 12 of of IN 34457 3862 13 72 72 NNP 34457 3862 14 ° ° , 34457 3862 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3862 16 point point NN 34457 3862 17 _ _ NNP 34457 3862 18 c c NNP 34457 3862 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3862 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3862 21 . . . 34457 3863 1 The the DT 34457 3863 2 end end NN 34457 3863 3 of of IN 34457 3863 4 the the DT 34457 3863 5 model model NN 34457 3863 6 is be VBZ 34457 3863 7 incomplete incomplete JJ 34457 3863 8 , , , 34457 3863 9 but but CC 34457 3863 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3863 11 is be VBZ 34457 3863 12 probable probable JJ 34457 3863 13 that that IN 34457 3863 14 in in IN 34457 3863 15 the the DT 34457 3863 16 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 3863 17 of of IN 34457 3863 18 the the DT 34457 3863 19 point point NN 34457 3863 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3863 21 c c NNP 34457 3863 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3863 23 there there EX 34457 3863 24 exists exist VBZ 34457 3863 25 a a DT 34457 3863 26 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 3863 27 point point NN 34457 3863 28 at at IN 34457 3863 29 which which WDT 34457 3863 30 the the DT 34457 3863 31 basic basic JJ 34457 3863 32 salt salt NN 34457 3863 33 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3863 34 - - HYPH 34457 3863 35 2 2 CD 34457 3863 36 - - HYPH 34457 3863 37 2 2 CD 34457 3863 38 } } -RRB- 34457 3863 39 appears appear VBZ 34457 3863 40 . . . 34457 3864 1 In in IN 34457 3864 2 the the DT 34457 3864 3 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 3864 4 of of IN 34457 3864 5 _ _ NNP 34457 3864 6 e e NNP 34457 3864 7 _ _ NNP 34457 3864 8 also also RB 34457 3864 9 there there EX 34457 3864 10 probably probably RB 34457 3864 11 exists exist VBZ 34457 3864 12 another another DT 34457 3864 13 quintuple quintuple JJ 34457 3864 14 point point NN 34457 3864 15 at at IN 34457 3864 16 which which WDT 34457 3864 17 S_{4 S_{4 NNP 34457 3864 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3864 19 is be VBZ 34457 3864 20 formed form VBN 34457 3864 21 . . . 34457 3865 1 These these DT 34457 3865 2 systems system NNS 34457 3865 3 have have VBP 34457 3865 4 , , , 34457 3865 5 however however RB 34457 3865 6 , , , 34457 3865 7 not not RB 34457 3865 8 been be VBN 34457 3865 9 studied study VBN 34457 3865 10 . . . 34457 3866 1 The the DT 34457 3866 2 following follow VBG 34457 3866 3 tables table NNS 34457 3866 4 give give VBP 34457 3866 5 some some DT 34457 3866 6 of of IN 34457 3866 7 the the DT 34457 3866 8 numerical numerical JJ 34457 3866 9 data:-- data:-- `` 34457 3866 10 ISOTHERM ISOTHERM NNP 34457 3866 11 FOR for IN 34457 3866 12 20 20â CD 34457 3866 13 ° ° NNS 34457 3866 14 . . . 34457 3867 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3867 2 | | NNP 34457 3867 3 Composition Composition NNP 34457 3867 4 of of IN 34457 3867 5 the the DT 34457 3867 6 solution solution NN 34457 3867 7 . . . 34457 3868 1 Gram gram NN 34457 3868 2 - - HYPH 34457 3868 3 mols mol NNS 34457 3868 4 . . . 34457 3869 1 | | NNP 34457 3869 2 in in IN 34457 3869 3 1000 1000 CD 34457 3869 4 gm.-mols gm.-mol NNS 34457 3869 5 . . . 34457 3870 1 of of IN 34457 3870 2 water water NN 34457 3870 3 . . . 34457 3871 1 Solid solid JJ 34457 3871 2 phase phase NN 34457 3871 3 . . . 34457 3872 1 |---------------------------------------- |---------------------------------------- NNP 34457 3872 2 | | NNP 34457 3872 3 Bi_{2}O_{3 Bi_{2}O_{3 NNP 34457 3872 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 5 | | NNP 34457 3872 6 N_{2}O_{5 N_{2}O_{5 NNP 34457 3872 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 8 -----------------------------|-----------------|---------------------- -----------------------------|-----------------|---------------------- NFP 34457 3872 9 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3872 10 - - HYPH 34457 3872 11 1 1 CD 34457 3872 12 - - HYPH 34457 3872 13 1 1 CD 34457 3872 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 15 | | CD 34457 3872 16 10.50 10.50 CD 34457 3872 17 | | CD 34457 3872 18 38.65 38.65 CD 34457 3872 19 -- -- : 34457 3872 20 | | CD 34457 3872 21 27.20 27.20 CD 34457 3872 22 | | CD 34457 3872 23 83.84 83.84 CD 34457 3872 24 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3872 25 - - HYPH 34457 3872 26 1 1 CD 34457 3872 27 - - HYPH 34457 3872 28 1 1 CD 34457 3872 29 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 30 ; ; : 34457 3872 31 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3872 32 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 33 | | NNP 34457 3872 34 30.15 30.15 CD 34457 3872 35 | | CD 34457 3872 36 97.97 97.97 CD 34457 3872 37 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3872 38 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 39 | | CD 34457 3872 40 29.70 29.70 CD 34457 3872 41 | | CD 34457 3872 42 96.57 96.57 CD 34457 3872 43 -- -- : 34457 3872 44 | | CD 34457 3872 45 19.65 19.65 CD 34457 3872 46 | | CD 34457 3872 47 98.76 98.76 CD 34457 3872 48 -- -- : 34457 3872 49 | | CD 34457 3872 50 10.51 10.51 CD 34457 3872 51 | | CD 34457 3872 52 162.58 162.58 CD 34457 3872 53 -- -- : 34457 3872 54 | | CD 34457 3872 55 33.51 33.51 CD 34457 3872 56 | | CD 34457 3872 57 355.87 355.87 CD 34457 3872 58 S_{10 s_{10 NN 34457 3872 59 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 60 ; ; : 34457 3872 61 S_{3 S_{3 NNP 34457 3872 62 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 63 | | NNP 34457 3872 64 51.00 51.00 CD 34457 3872 65 | | CD 34457 3872 66 403.0 403.0 CD 34457 3872 67 S_{3 S_{3 NNP 34457 3872 68 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 69 | | NNP 34457 3872 70 14.35 14.35 CD 34457 3872 71 | | CD 34457 3872 72 492.0 492.0 CD 34457 3872 73 -- -- : 34457 3872 74 | | CD 34457 3872 75 7.45 7.45 CD 34457 3872 76 | | CD 34457 3872 77 592.9 592.9 CD 34457 3872 78 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3872 79 SYSTEMS systems NN 34457 3872 80 IN in IN 34457 3872 81 EQUILIBRIUM equilibrium NN 34457 3872 82 WITH with IN 34457 3872 83 B_{1 B_{1 NNP 34457 3872 84 - - HYPH 34457 3872 85 1 1 CD 34457 3872 86 - - HYPH 34457 3872 87 1 1 CD 34457 3872 88 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 89 AND and CC 34457 3872 90 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3872 91 } } -RRB- 34457 3872 92 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3872 93 CURVE CURVE NNP 34457 3872 94 _ _ NNP 34457 3872 95 pabc pabc NN 34457 3872 96 _ _ NNP 34457 3872 97 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3872 98 . . . 34457 3873 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 3873 2 | | NNP 34457 3873 3 Composition Composition NNP 34457 3873 4 of of IN 34457 3873 5 the the DT 34457 3873 6 solution solution NN 34457 3873 7 . . . 34457 3874 1 Gram gram NN 34457 3874 2 - - HYPH 34457 3874 3 mols mol NNS 34457 3874 4 . . . 34457 3875 1 | | NNP 34457 3875 2 in in IN 34457 3875 3 1000 1000 CD 34457 3875 4 gm.-mols gm.-mol NNS 34457 3875 5 . . . 34457 3876 1 of of IN 34457 3876 2 water water NN 34457 3876 3 . . . 34457 3877 1 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3877 2 . . . 34457 3878 1 |---------------------------------------- |---------------------------------------- NNP 34457 3878 2 | | NNP 34457 3878 3 Bi_{2}O_{3 Bi_{2}O_{3 NNP 34457 3878 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3878 5 | | NNP 34457 3878 6 N_{2}O_{5 N_{2}O_{5 NNP 34457 3878 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3878 8 -------------------|---------------|------------------------ -------------------|---------------|------------------------ NFP 34457 3878 9 9 9â NN 34457 3878 10 ° ° NNS 34457 3878 11 | | CD 34457 3878 12 26.7 26.7 CD 34457 3878 13 | | CD 34457 3878 14 88.2 88.2 CD 34457 3878 15 20 20â CD 34457 3878 16 ° ° , 34457 3878 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3878 18 point point NN 34457 3878 19 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 20 a a DT 34457 3878 21 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3878 23 | | NNP 34457 3878 24 30.15 30.15 CD 34457 3878 25 | | CD 34457 3878 26 97.97 97.97 CD 34457 3878 27 30 30â CD 34457 3878 28 ° ° , 34457 3878 29 | | CD 34457 3878 30 33.6 33.6 CD 34457 3878 31 | | CD 34457 3878 32 112.3 112.3 CD 34457 3878 33 50 50â CD 34457 3878 34 ° ° , 34457 3878 35 | | CD 34457 3878 36 41.8 41.8 CD 34457 3878 37 | | CD 34457 3878 38 148.4 148.4 CD 34457 3878 39 65 65 NNP 34457 3878 40 ° ° , 34457 3878 41 | | CD 34457 3878 42 57.21 57.21 CD 34457 3878 43 | | CD 34457 3878 44 190.8 190.8 CD 34457 3878 45 75.5 75.5â CD 34457 3878 46 ° ° , 34457 3878 47 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3878 48 point point NN 34457 3878 49 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 50 b b NNP 34457 3878 51 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 52 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3878 53 | | NNP 34457 3878 54 87.9 87.9 CD 34457 3878 55 | | CD 34457 3878 56 288.4 288.4 CD 34457 3878 57 72 72 NNP 34457 3878 58 ° ° , 34457 3878 59 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3878 60 point point NN 34457 3878 61 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 62 c c NNP 34457 3878 63 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 64 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3878 65 | | NNP 34457 3878 66 96.0 96.0 CD 34457 3878 67 | | CD 34457 3878 68 327.0 327.0 CD 34457 3878 69 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ NFP 34457 3878 70 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 3878 71 IN in IN 34457 3878 72 EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM NNP 34457 3878 73 WITH with IN 34457 3878 74 S_{10 S_{10 NNP 34457 3878 75 } } -RRB- 34457 3878 76 AND and CC 34457 3878 77 S_{3 S_{3 NNP 34457 3878 78 } } -RRB- 34457 3878 79 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3878 80 CURVE CURVE NNP 34457 3878 81 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 82 qde qde NNP 34457 3878 83 _ _ NNP 34457 3878 84 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3878 85 . . . 34457 3879 1 -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3879 2 | | NNP 34457 3879 3 Composition Composition NNP 34457 3879 4 of of IN 34457 3879 5 the the DT 34457 3879 6 solution solution NN 34457 3879 7 . . . 34457 3880 1 Gram gram NN 34457 3880 2 - - HYPH 34457 3880 3 mols mol NNS 34457 3880 4 . . . 34457 3881 1 | | NNP 34457 3881 2 in in IN 34457 3881 3 1000 1000 CD 34457 3881 4 gm.-mols gm.-mol NNS 34457 3881 5 . . . 34457 3882 1 of of IN 34457 3882 2 water water NN 34457 3882 3 . . . 34457 3883 1 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3883 2 . . . 34457 3884 1 |----------------------------------------- |----------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3884 2 | | NNP 34457 3884 3 Bi_{2}O_{3 bi_{2}o_{3 CD 34457 3884 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3884 5 | | NNP 34457 3884 6 N_{2}O_{5 N_{2}O_{5 NNP 34457 3884 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3884 8 --------------|---------------|------------------------- --------------|---------------|------------------------- NFP 34457 3884 9 11.5 11.5â CD 34457 3884 10 ° ° , 34457 3884 11 | | CD 34457 3884 12 44.5 44.5 CD 34457 3884 13 | | CD 34457 3884 14 396 396 CD 34457 3884 15 20 20â CD 34457 3884 16 ° ° , 34457 3884 17 | | NNP 34457 3884 18 51.0 51.0 CD 34457 3884 19 | | CD 34457 3884 20 405.4 405.4 CD 34457 3884 21 50 50â CD 34457 3884 22 ° ° , 34457 3884 23 | | CD 34457 3884 24 66.5 66.5 CD 34457 3884 25 | | CD 34457 3884 26 444.2 444.2 CD 34457 3884 27 65 65 NNP 34457 3884 28 ° ° , 34457 3884 29 | | CD 34457 3884 30 80.0 80.0 CD 34457 3884 31 | | CD 34457 3884 32 454.4 454.4 CD 34457 3884 33 -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- NNP 34457 3884 34 Basic Basic NNP 34457 3884 35 Mercury Mercury NNP 34457 3884 36 Salts.--The Salts.--The NNP 34457 3884 37 Phase Phase NNP 34457 3884 38 Rule Rule NNP 34457 3884 39 has have VBZ 34457 3884 40 also also RB 34457 3884 41 been be VBN 34457 3884 42 applied apply VBN 34457 3884 43 by by IN 34457 3884 44 A. a. NN 34457 3884 45 J. J. NNP 34457 3884 46 Cox[375 Cox[375 NNP 34457 3884 47 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3884 48 in in IN 34457 3884 49 an an DT 34457 3884 50 investigation investigation NN 34457 3884 51 of of IN 34457 3884 52 the the DT 34457 3884 53 basic basic JJ 34457 3884 54 salts salt NNS 34457 3884 55 of of IN 34457 3884 56 mercury mercury NN 34457 3884 57 , , , 34457 3884 58 the the DT 34457 3884 59 result result NN 34457 3884 60 of of IN 34457 3884 61 which which WDT 34457 3884 62 has have VBZ 34457 3884 63 been be VBN 34457 3884 64 to to TO 34457 3884 65 show show VB 34457 3884 66 that that IN 34457 3884 67 , , , 34457 3884 68 of of IN 34457 3884 69 the the DT 34457 3884 70 salts salt NNS 34457 3884 71 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3884 72 in in IN 34457 3884 73 text text NN 34457 3884 74 - - HYPH 34457 3884 75 books book NNS 34457 3884 76 , , , 34457 3884 77 quite quite PDT 34457 3884 78 a a DT 34457 3884 79 number number NN 34457 3884 80 are be VBP 34457 3884 81 incorrectly incorrectly RB 34457 3884 82 stated state VBN 34457 3884 83 to to TO 34457 3884 84 be be VB 34457 3884 85 chemical chemical JJ 34457 3884 86 compounds compound NNS 34457 3884 87 or or CC 34457 3884 88 chemical chemical NN 34457 3884 89 individuals individual NNS 34457 3884 90 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3884 91 p. p. NN 34457 3884 92 92 92 CD 34457 3884 93 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3884 94 . . . 34457 3885 1 The the DT 34457 3885 2 investigation investigation NN 34457 3885 3 , , , 34457 3885 4 which which WDT 34457 3885 5 was be VBD 34457 3885 6 carried carry VBN 34457 3885 7 out out RP 34457 3885 8 essentially essentially RB 34457 3885 9 in in IN 34457 3885 10 the the DT 34457 3885 11 manner manner NN 34457 3885 12 described describe VBN 34457 3885 13 above above RB 34457 3885 14 , , , 34457 3885 15 included include VBD 34457 3885 16 the the DT 34457 3885 17 salts salt NNS 34457 3885 18 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3885 19 in in IN 34457 3885 20 the the DT 34457 3885 21 following follow VBG 34457 3885 22 table table NN 34457 3885 23 ; ; : 34457 3885 24 and and CC 34457 3885 25 of of IN 34457 3885 26 the the DT 34457 3885 27 basic basic JJ 34457 3885 28 salts salt NNS 34457 3885 29 said say VBD 34457 3885 30 to to TO 34457 3885 31 be be VB 34457 3885 32 derived derive VBN 34457 3885 33 from from IN 34457 3885 34 them -PRON- PRP 34457 3885 35 , , , 34457 3885 36 only only RB 34457 3885 37 those those DT 34457 3885 38 mentioned mention VBN 34457 3885 39 really really RB 34457 3885 40 exist exist VBP 34457 3885 41 . . . 34457 3886 1 In in IN 34457 3886 2 the the DT 34457 3886 3 following follow VBG 34457 3886 4 table table NN 34457 3886 5 , , , 34457 3886 6 the the DT 34457 3886 7 numbers number NNS 34457 3886 8 in in IN 34457 3886 9 the the DT 34457 3886 10 second second JJ 34457 3886 11 column column NN 34457 3886 12 give give VBP 34457 3886 13 the the DT 34457 3886 14 minimum minimum JJ 34457 3886 15 values value NNS 34457 3886 16 of of IN 34457 3886 17 the the DT 34457 3886 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 3886 19 of of IN 34457 3886 20 the the DT 34457 3886 21 acid acid NN 34457 3886 22 , , , 34457 3886 23 expressed express VBN 34457 3886 24 in in IN 34457 3886 25 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 3886 26 normality normality NN 34457 3886 27 , , , 34457 3886 28 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3886 29 for for IN 34457 3886 30 the the DT 34457 3886 31 existence existence NN 34457 3886 32 of of IN 34457 3886 33 the the DT 34457 3886 34 { { -LRB- 34457 3886 35 301 301 CD 34457 3886 36 } } -RRB- 34457 3886 37 corresponding corresponding JJ 34457 3886 38 salts salt NNS 34457 3886 39 in in IN 34457 3886 40 contact contact NN 34457 3886 41 with with IN 34457 3886 42 solution solution NN 34457 3886 43 at at IN 34457 3886 44 the the DT 34457 3886 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 3886 46 given give VBN 34457 3886 47 in in IN 34457 3886 48 the the DT 34457 3886 49 third third JJ 34457 3886 50 column:-- column:-- . 34457 3886 51 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3886 52 Salt salt NN 34457 3886 53 . . . 34457 3887 1 | | NNP 34457 3887 2 Normality Normality NNP 34457 3887 3 of of IN 34457 3887 4 | | CD 34457 3887 5 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3887 6 . . . 34457 3888 1 | | JJ 34457 3888 2 acid acid NN 34457 3888 3 . . . 34457 3889 1 | | NNP 34457 3889 2 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- CD 34457 3889 3 HgCrO_{4 hgcro_{4 ADD 34457 3889 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 5 | | CD 34457 3889 6 1.41 1.41 CD 34457 3889 7 | | CD 34457 3889 8 50 50 NNP 34457 3889 9 ° ° , 34457 3889 10 3HgO.CrO_{3 3hgo.cro_{3 JJ 34457 3889 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 12 | | CD 34457 3889 13 2.6 2.6 CD 34457 3889 14 à à NNP 34457 3889 15 � � NN 34457 3889 16 10^{-4 10^{-4 NNS 34457 3889 17 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 18 | | NNP 34457 3889 19 50 50 NNP 34457 3889 20 ° ° , 34457 3889 21 | | NNP 34457 3889 22 | | NNP 34457 3889 23 Hg(NO_{3})_{2}.H_{2}O Hg(NO_{3})_{2}.H_{2}O NNP 34457 3889 24 | | CD 34457 3889 25 18.72 18.72 CD 34457 3889 26 | | CD 34457 3889 27 25 25â CD 34457 3889 28 ° ° , 34457 3889 29 3HgO.N_{2}O_{5 3hgo.n_{2}o_{5 NN 34457 3889 30 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 31 | | NNP 34457 3889 32 0.159 0.159 CD 34457 3889 33 | | CD 34457 3889 34 25 25â CD 34457 3889 35 ° ° , 34457 3889 36 | | NNP 34457 3889 37 | | CD 34457 3889 38 HgSO_{4 hgso_{4 NN 34457 3889 39 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 40 | | NNP 34457 3889 41 6.87 6.87 CD 34457 3889 42 | | CD 34457 3889 43 25 25â CD 34457 3889 44 ° ° , 34457 3889 45 3HgO.SO_{3 3hgo.so_{3 CD 34457 3889 46 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 47 | | CD 34457 3889 48 1.3 1.3 CD 34457 3889 49 à à NNP 34457 3889 50 � � NNP 34457 3889 51 10^{-3 10^{-3 NNP 34457 3889 52 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 53 | | NNP 34457 3889 54 25 25 NNP 34457 3889 55 ° ° , 34457 3889 56 | | NNP 34457 3889 57 | | NNP 34457 3889 58 HgF_{2 HgF_{2 NNP 34457 3889 59 } } -RRB- 34457 3889 60 | | NNP 34457 3889 61 1.14 1.14 CD 34457 3889 62 | | CD 34457 3889 63 25 25â CD 34457 3889 64 ° ° , 34457 3889 65 | | CD 34457 3889 66 | | NNP 34457 3889 67 HgNO_{3}.H_{2}O HgNO_{3}.H_{2}O NNP 34457 3889 68 | | NNP 34457 3889 69 2.95 2.95 CD 34457 3889 70 | | CD 34457 3889 71 25 25â CD 34457 3889 72 ° ° , 34457 3889 73 5Hg_{2}O.3N_{2}O_{5}.2H_{2}O 5hg_{2}o.3n_{2}o_{5}.2h_{2}o CD 34457 3889 74 | | NNS 34457 3889 75 ca ca NN 34457 3889 76 . . . 34457 3890 1 0.293 0.293 CD 34457 3890 2 | | NNP 34457 3890 3 25 25 NNP 34457 3890 4 ° ° , 34457 3890 5 2Hg_{2}O.N_{2}O_{5 2hg_{2}o.n_{2}o_{5 CD 34457 3890 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3890 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3890 8 ? ? . 34457 3890 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3891 1 | | NNP 34457 3891 2 0.110 0.110 CD 34457 3891 3 | | CD 34457 3891 4 25 25â CD 34457 3891 5 ° ° , 34457 3891 6 3Hg_{2}O.N_{2}O_{5}.2H_{2}O 3hg_{2}o.n_{2}o_{5}.2h_{2}o JJ 34457 3891 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3891 8 ? ? . 34457 3891 9 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3892 1 | | CD 34457 3892 2 1.7 1.7 CD 34457 3892 3 à à NNP 34457 3892 4 � � NNP 34457 3892 5 10^{-3 10^{-3 NNP 34457 3892 6 } } -RRB- 34457 3892 7 | | NNP 34457 3892 8 25 25 NNP 34457 3892 9 ° ° , 34457 3892 10 | | CD 34457 3892 11 | | CD 34457 3892 12 Hg_{2}SO_{4 Hg_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 3892 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3892 14 | | NNP 34457 3892 15 4.2 4.2 CD 34457 3892 16 à à NNP 34457 3892 17 � � NNP 34457 3892 18 10^{-3 10^{-3 NNP 34457 3892 19 } } -RRB- 34457 3892 20 | | NNP 34457 3892 21 25 25 NNP 34457 3892 22 ° ° , 34457 3892 23 2Hg_{2}O.SO_{3}.H_{2}O 2hg_{2}o.so_{3}.h_{2}o CD 34457 3892 24 | | CD 34457 3892 25 5.6 5.6 CD 34457 3892 26 à ã NN 34457 3892 27 � � NN 34457 3892 28 10^{-4 10^{-4 NNS 34457 3892 29 } } -RRB- 34457 3892 30 | | NNP 34457 3892 31 25 25 NNP 34457 3892 32 ° ° , 34457 3892 33 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- : 34457 3892 34 Mercuric mercuric NN 34457 3892 35 fluoride fluoride NN 34457 3892 36 does do VBZ 34457 3892 37 not not RB 34457 3892 38 form form VB 34457 3892 39 any any DT 34457 3892 40 basic basic JJ 34457 3892 41 salt salt NN 34457 3892 42 . . . 34457 3893 1 Since since IN 34457 3893 2 two two CD 34457 3893 3 succeeding succeed VBG 34457 3893 4 members member NNS 34457 3893 5 of of IN 34457 3893 6 a a DT 34457 3893 7 series series NN 34457 3893 8 can can MD 34457 3893 9 coexist coexist VB 34457 3893 10 only only RB 34457 3893 11 in in IN 34457 3893 12 contact contact NN 34457 3893 13 with with IN 34457 3893 14 a a DT 34457 3893 15 solution solution NN 34457 3893 16 of of IN 34457 3893 17 definite definite JJ 34457 3893 18 concentration concentration NN 34457 3893 19 , , , 34457 3893 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3893 21 can can MD 34457 3893 22 prepare prepare VB 34457 3893 23 acid acid JJ 34457 3893 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 3893 25 of of IN 34457 3893 26 definite definite JJ 34457 3893 27 concentration concentration NN 34457 3893 28 by by IN 34457 3893 29 bringing bring VBG 34457 3893 30 an an DT 34457 3893 31 excess excess NN 34457 3893 32 of of IN 34457 3893 33 two two CD 34457 3893 34 such such JJ 34457 3893 35 salts salt NNS 34457 3893 36 in in IN 34457 3893 37 contact contact NN 34457 3893 38 with with IN 34457 3893 39 water water NN 34457 3893 40 . . . 34457 3894 1 Indirect Indirect NNP 34457 3894 2 Determination Determination NNP 34457 3894 3 of of IN 34457 3894 4 the the DT 34457 3894 5 Composition composition NN 34457 3894 6 of of IN 34457 3894 7 the the DT 34457 3894 8 Solid Solid NNP 34457 3894 9 Phase.--It Phase.--It NNP 34457 3894 10 has have VBZ 34457 3894 11 already already RB 34457 3894 12 been be VBN 34457 3894 13 shown show VBN 34457 3894 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3894 15 p. p. NN 34457 3894 16 228 228 CD 34457 3894 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3894 18 how how WRB 34457 3894 19 the the DT 34457 3894 20 composition composition NN 34457 3894 21 of of IN 34457 3894 22 the the DT 34457 3894 23 solid solid JJ 34457 3894 24 phase phase NN 34457 3894 25 in in IN 34457 3894 26 a a DT 34457 3894 27 system system NN 34457 3894 28 of of IN 34457 3894 29 two two CD 34457 3894 30 components component NNS 34457 3894 31 can can MD 34457 3894 32 be be VB 34457 3894 33 determined determine VBN 34457 3894 34 without without IN 34457 3894 35 analysis analysis NN 34457 3894 36 , , , 34457 3894 37 and and CC 34457 3894 38 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3894 39 shall shall MD 34457 3894 40 now now RB 34457 3894 41 describe describe VB 34457 3894 42 how how WRB 34457 3894 43 this this DT 34457 3894 44 can can MD 34457 3894 45 be be VB 34457 3894 46 done do VBN 34457 3894 47 in in IN 34457 3894 48 a a DT 34457 3894 49 system system NN 34457 3894 50 of of IN 34457 3894 51 three three CD 34457 3894 52 components component NNS 34457 3894 53 . . . 34457 3895 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3895 2 376 376 CD 34457 3895 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3895 4 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3895 5 shall shall MD 34457 3895 6 assume assume VB 34457 3895 7 that that IN 34457 3895 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3895 9 are be VBP 34457 3895 10 dealing deal VBG 34457 3895 11 with with IN 34457 3895 12 the the DT 34457 3895 13 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 3895 14 solution solution NN 34457 3895 15 of of IN 34457 3895 16 two two CD 34457 3895 17 salts salt NNS 34457 3895 18 which which WDT 34457 3895 19 can can MD 34457 3895 20 give give VB 34457 3895 21 rise rise NN 34457 3895 22 to to IN 34457 3895 23 a a DT 34457 3895 24 double double JJ 34457 3895 25 salt salt NN 34457 3895 26 , , , 34457 3895 27 in in IN 34457 3895 28 which which WDT 34457 3895 29 case case NN 34457 3895 30 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3895 31 can can MD 34457 3895 32 represent represent VB 34457 3895 33 the the DT 34457 3895 34 solubility solubility NN 34457 3895 35 relations relation NNS 34457 3895 36 in in IN 34457 3895 37 a a DT 34457 3895 38 system system NN 34457 3895 39 of of IN 34457 3895 40 rectangular rectangular JJ 34457 3895 41 co co NNS 34457 3895 42 - - NNS 34457 3895 43 ordinates ordinate NNS 34457 3895 44 . . . 34457 3896 1 In in IN 34457 3896 2 this this DT 34457 3896 3 case case NN 34457 3896 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3896 5 should should MD 34457 3896 6 obtain obtain VB 34457 3896 7 , , , 34457 3896 8 as as IN 34457 3896 9 before before RB 34457 3896 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3896 11 Fig fig NN 34457 3896 12 . . . 34457 3897 1 120 120 CD 34457 3897 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3897 3 , , , 34457 3897 4 the the DT 34457 3897 5 isotherm isotherm NN 34457 3897 6 _ _ NNP 34457 3897 7 adcb adcb VBD 34457 3897 8 _ _ NNP 34457 3897 9 , , , 34457 3897 10 if if IN 34457 3897 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3897 12 express express VBP 34457 3897 13 the the DT 34457 3897 14 { { -LRB- 34457 3897 15 302 302 CD 34457 3897 16 } } -RRB- 34457 3897 17 composition composition NN 34457 3897 18 of of IN 34457 3897 19 the the DT 34457 3897 20 solution solution NN 34457 3897 21 in in IN 34457 3897 22 gram gram NN 34457 3897 23 - - HYPH 34457 3897 24 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3897 25 of of IN 34457 3897 26 A a NN 34457 3897 27 or or CC 34457 3897 28 of of IN 34457 3897 29 B b NN 34457 3897 30 to to IN 34457 3897 31 100 100 CD 34457 3897 32 gram gram NN 34457 3897 33 - - HYPH 34457 3897 34 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3897 35 of of IN 34457 3897 36 water water NN 34457 3897 37 . . . 34457 3898 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3898 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3898 3 : : : 34457 3898 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3898 5 . . . 34457 3899 1 120 120 CD 34457 3899 2 . . . 34457 3899 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3900 1 Let let VB 34457 3900 2 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3900 3 suppose suppose VB 34457 3900 4 , , , 34457 3900 5 now now RB 34457 3900 6 , , , 34457 3900 7 that that IN 34457 3900 8 the the DT 34457 3900 9 double double JJ 34457 3900 10 salt salt NN 34457 3900 11 is be VBZ 34457 3900 12 in in IN 34457 3900 13 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3900 14 with with IN 34457 3900 15 the the DT 34457 3900 16 solution solution NN 34457 3900 17 at at IN 34457 3900 18 a a DT 34457 3900 19 definite definite JJ 34457 3900 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 3900 21 , , , 34457 3900 22 and and CC 34457 3900 23 that that IN 34457 3900 24 the the DT 34457 3900 25 composition composition NN 34457 3900 26 of of IN 34457 3900 27 the the DT 34457 3900 28 solution solution NN 34457 3900 29 is be VBZ 34457 3900 30 represented represent VBN 34457 3900 31 by by IN 34457 3900 32 the the DT 34457 3900 33 point point NN 34457 3900 34 e. e. NN 34457 3900 35 The the DT 34457 3900 36 greater great JJR 34457 3900 37 part part NN 34457 3900 38 of of IN 34457 3900 39 the the DT 34457 3900 40 solution solution NN 34457 3900 41 is be VBZ 34457 3900 42 now now RB 34457 3900 43 separated separate VBN 34457 3900 44 from from IN 34457 3900 45 the the DT 34457 3900 46 solid solid JJ 34457 3900 47 phase phase NN 34457 3900 48 , , , 34457 3900 49 and and CC 34457 3900 50 the the DT 34457 3900 51 latter latter JJ 34457 3900 52 , , , 34457 3900 53 _ _ NNP 34457 3900 54 together together RB 34457 3900 55 with with IN 34457 3900 56 the the DT 34457 3900 57 adhering adhere VBG 34457 3900 58 mother mother NN 34457 3900 59 liquor liquor NNP 34457 3900 60 _ _ NNP 34457 3900 61 , , , 34457 3900 62 is be VBZ 34457 3900 63 analyzed analyze VBN 34457 3900 64 . . . 34457 3901 1 The the DT 34457 3901 2 composition composition NN 34457 3901 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3901 4 expressed express VBN 34457 3901 5 , , , 34457 3901 6 as as IN 34457 3901 7 before before RB 34457 3901 8 , , , 34457 3901 9 in in IN 34457 3901 10 gram gram NN 34457 3901 11 - - HYPH 34457 3901 12 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3901 13 of of IN 34457 3901 14 A a NN 34457 3901 15 and and CC 34457 3901 16 B b NN 34457 3901 17 to to TO 34457 3901 18 100 100 CD 34457 3901 19 gram gram NN 34457 3901 20 molecules molecule NNS 34457 3901 21 of of IN 34457 3901 22 water water NN 34457 3901 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3901 24 will will MD 34457 3901 25 be be VB 34457 3901 26 represented represent VBN 34457 3901 27 by by IN 34457 3901 28 a a DT 34457 3901 29 point point NN 34457 3901 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3901 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3901 32 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 3901 33 _ _ NNP 34457 3901 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3901 35 f f NNP 34457 3901 36 _ _ NNP 34457 3901 37 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3901 38 on on IN 34457 3901 39 the the DT 34457 3901 40 line line NN 34457 3901 41 _ _ NNP 34457 3901 42 e_S e_s NN 34457 3901 43 , , , 34457 3901 44 where where WRB 34457 3901 45 S S NNP 34457 3901 46 represents represent VBZ 34457 3901 47 the the DT 34457 3901 48 composition composition NN 34457 3901 49 of of IN 34457 3901 50 the the DT 34457 3901 51 double double JJ 34457 3901 52 salt salt NN 34457 3901 53 . . . 34457 3902 1 That that IN 34457 3902 2 this this DT 34457 3902 3 is be VBZ 34457 3902 4 so so RB 34457 3902 5 will will MD 34457 3902 6 be be VB 34457 3902 7 evident evident JJ 34457 3902 8 when when WRB 34457 3902 9 one one PRP 34457 3902 10 considers consider VBZ 34457 3902 11 that that IN 34457 3902 12 the the DT 34457 3902 13 composition composition NN 34457 3902 14 of of IN 34457 3902 15 the the DT 34457 3902 16 whole whole JJ 34457 3902 17 mass mass NN 34457 3902 18 must must MD 34457 3902 19 lie lie VB 34457 3902 20 between between IN 34457 3902 21 the the DT 34457 3902 22 composition composition NN 34457 3902 23 of of IN 34457 3902 24 the the DT 34457 3902 25 solution solution NN 34457 3902 26 and and CC 34457 3902 27 that that DT 34457 3902 28 of of IN 34457 3902 29 the the DT 34457 3902 30 double double JJ 34457 3902 31 salt salt NN 34457 3902 32 , , , 34457 3902 33 no no RB 34457 3902 34 matter matter RB 34457 3902 35 what what WP 34457 3902 36 the the DT 34457 3902 37 relative relative JJ 34457 3902 38 amounts amount NNS 34457 3902 39 of of IN 34457 3902 40 the the DT 34457 3902 41 solid solid JJ 34457 3902 42 phase phase NN 34457 3902 43 and and CC 34457 3902 44 the the DT 34457 3902 45 mother mother NN 34457 3902 46 liquor liquor NN 34457 3902 47 . . . 34457 3903 1 If if IN 34457 3903 2 , , , 34457 3903 3 in in IN 34457 3903 4 a a DT 34457 3903 5 similar similar JJ 34457 3903 6 manner manner NN 34457 3903 7 , , , 34457 3903 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3903 9 analyze analyze VBP 34457 3903 10 a a DT 34457 3903 11 solution solution NN 34457 3903 12 of of IN 34457 3903 13 a a DT 34457 3903 14 different different JJ 34457 3903 15 composition composition NN 34457 3903 16 in in IN 34457 3903 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3903 18 with with IN 34457 3903 19 the the DT 34457 3903 20 same same JJ 34457 3903 21 double double JJ 34457 3903 22 salt salt NN 34457 3903 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3903 24 not not RB 34457 3903 25 necessarily necessarily RB 34457 3903 26 at at IN 34457 3903 27 the the DT 34457 3903 28 same same JJ 34457 3903 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 3903 30 as as IN 34457 3903 31 before before RB 34457 3903 32 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3903 33 , , , 34457 3903 34 and and CC 34457 3903 35 also also RB 34457 3903 36 the the DT 34457 3903 37 mixture mixture NN 34457 3903 38 of of IN 34457 3903 39 solid solid JJ 34457 3903 40 phase phase NN 34457 3903 41 and and CC 34457 3903 42 solution solution NN 34457 3903 43 , , , 34457 3903 44 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3903 45 shall shall MD 34457 3903 46 obtain obtain VB 34457 3903 47 two two CD 34457 3903 48 other other JJ 34457 3903 49 points point NNS 34457 3903 50 , , , 34457 3903 51 as as IN 34457 3903 52 , , , 34457 3903 53 for for IN 34457 3903 54 example example NN 34457 3903 55 , , , 34457 3903 56 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 57 g g NNP 34457 3903 58 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 59 and and CC 34457 3903 60 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 61 h h NNP 34457 3903 62 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 63 , , , 34457 3903 64 and and CC 34457 3903 65 the the DT 34457 3903 66 line line NN 34457 3903 67 joining join VBG 34457 3903 68 these these DT 34457 3903 69 must must MD 34457 3903 70 likewise likewise RB 34457 3903 71 pass pass VB 34457 3903 72 through through IN 34457 3903 73 S. S. NNP 34457 3903 74 The the DT 34457 3903 75 method method NN 34457 3903 76 of of IN 34457 3903 77 finding find VBG 34457 3903 78 the the DT 34457 3903 79 { { -LRB- 34457 3903 80 303 303 CD 34457 3903 81 } } -RRB- 34457 3903 82 composition composition NN 34457 3903 83 of of IN 34457 3903 84 an an DT 34457 3903 85 unknown unknown JJ 34457 3903 86 double double JJ 34457 3903 87 salt salt NN 34457 3903 88 consists consist NNS 34457 3903 89 , , , 34457 3903 90 therefore therefore RB 34457 3903 91 , , , 34457 3903 92 in in IN 34457 3903 93 finding finding NN 34457 3903 94 , , , 34457 3903 95 in in IN 34457 3903 96 the the DT 34457 3903 97 manner manner NN 34457 3903 98 just just RB 34457 3903 99 described describe VBN 34457 3903 100 , , , 34457 3903 101 the the DT 34457 3903 102 position position NN 34457 3903 103 of of IN 34457 3903 104 two two CD 34457 3903 105 lines line NNS 34457 3903 106 such such JJ 34457 3903 107 as as IN 34457 3903 108 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 109 ef ef NNP 34457 3903 110 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 111 and and CC 34457 3903 112 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 113 gh gh NNP 34457 3903 114 _ _ NNP 34457 3903 115 . . . 34457 3904 1 The the DT 34457 3904 2 point point NN 34457 3904 3 of of IN 34457 3904 4 intersection intersection NN 34457 3904 5 of of IN 34457 3904 6 these these DT 34457 3904 7 lines line NNS 34457 3904 8 then then RB 34457 3904 9 gives give VBZ 34457 3904 10 the the DT 34457 3904 11 composition composition NN 34457 3904 12 of of IN 34457 3904 13 the the DT 34457 3904 14 double double JJ 34457 3904 15 salt salt NN 34457 3904 16 . . . 34457 3905 1 If if IN 34457 3905 2 the the DT 34457 3905 3 double double JJ 34457 3905 4 salt salt NN 34457 3905 5 is be VBZ 34457 3905 6 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 3905 7 , , , 34457 3905 8 the the DT 34457 3905 9 point point NN 34457 3905 10 S S NNP 34457 3905 11 lies lie VBZ 34457 3905 12 at at IN 34457 3905 13 infinity infinity NN 34457 3905 14 , , , 34457 3905 15 and and CC 34457 3905 16 the the DT 34457 3905 17 lines line NNS 34457 3905 18 _ _ NNP 34457 3905 19 ef ef NNP 34457 3905 20 _ _ NNP 34457 3905 21 and and CC 34457 3905 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3905 23 gh gh NNP 34457 3905 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3905 25 are be VBP 34457 3905 26 parallel parallel JJ 34457 3905 27 to to IN 34457 3905 28 each each DT 34457 3905 29 other other JJ 34457 3905 30 . . . 34457 3906 1 The the DT 34457 3906 2 same same JJ 34457 3906 3 result result NN 34457 3906 4 is be VBZ 34457 3906 5 arrived arrive VBN 34457 3906 6 at at IN 34457 3906 7 by by IN 34457 3906 8 means mean NNS 34457 3906 9 of of IN 34457 3906 10 the the DT 34457 3906 11 triangular triangular JJ 34457 3906 12 method method NN 34457 3906 13 of of IN 34457 3906 14 representation representation NN 34457 3906 15 . . . 34457 3907 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3907 2 377 377 CD 34457 3907 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3907 4 If if IN 34457 3907 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3907 6 start start VBP 34457 3907 7 with with IN 34457 3907 8 the the DT 34457 3907 9 three three CD 34457 3907 10 components component NNS 34457 3907 11 in in IN 34457 3907 12 known know VBN 34457 3907 13 amounts amount NNS 34457 3907 14 , , , 34457 3907 15 and and CC 34457 3907 16 represent represent VB 34457 3907 17 the the DT 34457 3907 18 initial initial JJ 34457 3907 19 composition composition NN 34457 3907 20 of of IN 34457 3907 21 the the DT 34457 3907 22 whole whole NN 34457 3907 23 by by IN 34457 3907 24 a a DT 34457 3907 25 point point NN 34457 3907 26 in in IN 34457 3907 27 the the DT 34457 3907 28 triangle triangle NN 34457 3907 29 , , , 34457 3907 30 and and CC 34457 3907 31 then then RB 34457 3907 32 ascertain ascertain VB 34457 3907 33 the the DT 34457 3907 34 final final JJ 34457 3907 35 composition composition NN 34457 3907 36 of of IN 34457 3907 37 the the DT 34457 3907 38 solution solution NN 34457 3907 39 in in IN 34457 3907 40 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3907 41 with with IN 34457 3907 42 the the DT 34457 3907 43 solid solid JJ 34457 3907 44 phase phase NN 34457 3907 45 at at IN 34457 3907 46 a a DT 34457 3907 47 definite definite JJ 34457 3907 48 temperature temperature NN 34457 3907 49 , , , 34457 3907 50 the the DT 34457 3907 51 line line NN 34457 3907 52 joining join VBG 34457 3907 53 the the DT 34457 3907 54 points point NNS 34457 3907 55 representing represent VBG 34457 3907 56 the the DT 34457 3907 57 initial initial JJ 34457 3907 58 and and CC 34457 3907 59 end end VB 34457 3907 60 concentration concentration NN 34457 3907 61 passes pass VBZ 34457 3907 62 through through IN 34457 3907 63 the the DT 34457 3907 64 point point NN 34457 3907 65 representing represent VBG 34457 3907 66 the the DT 34457 3907 67 composition composition NN 34457 3907 68 of of IN 34457 3907 69 the the DT 34457 3907 70 solid solid JJ 34457 3907 71 phase phase NN 34457 3907 72 . . . 34457 3908 1 If if IN 34457 3908 2 two two CD 34457 3908 3 determinations determination NNS 34457 3908 4 are be VBP 34457 3908 5 made make VBN 34457 3908 6 with with IN 34457 3908 7 solutions solution NNS 34457 3908 8 having have VBG 34457 3908 9 different different JJ 34457 3908 10 initial initial JJ 34457 3908 11 and and CC 34457 3908 12 final final JJ 34457 3908 13 concentrations concentration NNS 34457 3908 14 in in IN 34457 3908 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3908 16 with with IN 34457 3908 17 the the DT 34457 3908 18 same same JJ 34457 3908 19 solid solid JJ 34457 3908 20 phase phase NN 34457 3908 21 , , , 34457 3908 22 then then RB 34457 3908 23 the the DT 34457 3908 24 point point NN 34457 3908 25 of of IN 34457 3908 26 intersection intersection NN 34457 3908 27 of of IN 34457 3908 28 the the DT 34457 3908 29 two two CD 34457 3908 30 lines line NNS 34457 3908 31 so so RB 34457 3908 32 obtained obtain VBD 34457 3908 33 gives give VBZ 34457 3908 34 the the DT 34457 3908 35 composition composition NN 34457 3908 36 of of IN 34457 3908 37 the the DT 34457 3908 38 solid solid JJ 34457 3908 39 phase phase NN 34457 3908 40 . . . 34457 3909 1 * * NFP 34457 3909 2 * * NFP 34457 3909 3 * * NFP 34457 3909 4 * * NFP 34457 3909 5 * * NFP 34457 3909 6 { { -LRB- 34457 3909 7 304 304 CD 34457 3909 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3909 9 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34457 3909 10 XVII XVII NNP 34457 3909 11 ABSENCE absence NN 34457 3909 12 OF of IN 34457 3909 13 A a DT 34457 3909 14 LIQUID LIQUID NNP 34457 3909 15 PHASE phase NN 34457 3909 16 In in IN 34457 3909 17 the the DT 34457 3909 18 preceding precede VBG 34457 3909 19 chapters chapter NNS 34457 3909 20 dealing deal VBG 34457 3909 21 with with IN 34457 3909 22 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3909 23 in in IN 34457 3909 24 three three CD 34457 3909 25 - - HYPH 34457 3909 26 component component NN 34457 3909 27 systems system NNS 34457 3909 28 , , , 34457 3909 29 our -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3909 30 attention attention NN 34457 3909 31 was be VBD 34457 3909 32 directed direct VBN 34457 3909 33 only only RB 34457 3909 34 to to IN 34457 3909 35 those those DT 34457 3909 36 cases case NNS 34457 3909 37 in in IN 34457 3909 38 which which WDT 34457 3909 39 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3909 40 solutions solution NNS 34457 3909 41 formed form VBD 34457 3909 42 one one CD 34457 3909 43 or or CC 34457 3909 44 more more JJR 34457 3909 45 phases phase NNS 34457 3909 46 . . . 34457 3910 1 Mention mention NN 34457 3910 2 must must MD 34457 3910 3 , , , 34457 3910 4 however however RB 34457 3910 5 , , , 34457 3910 6 be be VB 34457 3910 7 made make VBN 34457 3910 8 of of IN 34457 3910 9 certain certain JJ 34457 3910 10 systems system NNS 34457 3910 11 which which WDT 34457 3910 12 contain contain VBP 34457 3910 13 no no DT 34457 3910 14 liquid liquid JJ 34457 3910 15 phase phase NN 34457 3910 16 , , , 34457 3910 17 and and CC 34457 3910 18 in in IN 34457 3910 19 which which WDT 34457 3910 20 only only RB 34457 3910 21 solids solid NNS 34457 3910 22 and and CC 34457 3910 23 gases gas NNS 34457 3910 24 are be VBP 34457 3910 25 in in IN 34457 3910 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3910 27 . . . 34457 3911 1 Since since IN 34457 3911 2 , , , 34457 3911 3 in in IN 34457 3911 4 all all DT 34457 3911 5 cases case NNS 34457 3911 6 , , , 34457 3911 7 there there EX 34457 3911 8 can can MD 34457 3911 9 be be VB 34457 3911 10 but but CC 34457 3911 11 one one CD 34457 3911 12 gas gas NN 34457 3911 13 phase phase NN 34457 3911 14 , , , 34457 3911 15 four four CD 34457 3911 16 solid solid JJ 34457 3911 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3911 18 will will MD 34457 3911 19 be be VB 34457 3911 20 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3911 21 in in IN 34457 3911 22 order order NN 34457 3911 23 to to TO 34457 3911 24 form form VB 34457 3911 25 an an DT 34457 3911 26 invariant invariant JJ 34457 3911 27 system system NN 34457 3911 28 . . . 34457 3912 1 When when WRB 34457 3912 2 only only RB 34457 3912 3 three three CD 34457 3912 4 solid solid JJ 34457 3912 5 phases phase NNS 34457 3912 6 are be VBP 34457 3912 7 present present JJ 34457 3912 8 , , , 34457 3912 9 the the DT 34457 3912 10 system system NN 34457 3912 11 is be VBZ 34457 3912 12 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3912 13 ; ; : 34457 3912 14 and and CC 34457 3912 15 when when WRB 34457 3912 16 only only RB 34457 3912 17 two two CD 34457 3912 18 solid solid JJ 34457 3912 19 phases phase NNS 34457 3912 20 coexist coexist VBP 34457 3912 21 with with IN 34457 3912 22 gas gas NN 34457 3912 23 , , , 34457 3912 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3912 25 is be VBZ 34457 3912 26 bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 3912 27 . . . 34457 3913 1 If if IN 34457 3913 2 , , , 34457 3913 3 however however RB 34457 3913 4 , , , 34457 3913 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3913 6 make make VBP 34457 3913 7 the the DT 34457 3913 8 restriction restriction NN 34457 3913 9 that that IN 34457 3913 10 the the DT 34457 3913 11 gas gas NN 34457 3913 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 3913 13 is be VBZ 34457 3913 14 constant constant JJ 34457 3913 15 , , , 34457 3913 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3913 17 diminish diminish VBP 34457 3913 18 the the DT 34457 3913 19 variability variability NN 34457 3913 20 by by IN 34457 3913 21 one one CD 34457 3913 22 . . . 34457 3914 1 On on IN 34457 3914 2 account account NN 34457 3914 3 of of IN 34457 3914 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3914 5 great great JJ 34457 3914 6 industrial industrial JJ 34457 3914 7 importance importance NN 34457 3914 8 , , , 34457 3914 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3914 10 shall shall MD 34457 3914 11 describe describe VB 34457 3914 12 briefly briefly RB 34457 3914 13 some some DT 34457 3914 14 of of IN 34457 3914 15 the the DT 34457 3914 16 systems system NNS 34457 3914 17 belonging belong VBG 34457 3914 18 to to IN 34457 3914 19 this this DT 34457 3914 20 class class NN 34457 3914 21 . . . 34457 3915 1 Iron Iron NNP 34457 3915 2 , , , 34457 3915 3 Carbon Carbon NNP 34457 3915 4 Monoxide Monoxide NNP 34457 3915 5 , , , 34457 3915 6 Carbon carbon NN 34457 3915 7 Dioxide.--Some dioxide.--some NN 34457 3915 8 of of IN 34457 3915 9 the the DT 34457 3915 10 most most RBS 34457 3915 11 important important JJ 34457 3915 12 systems system NNS 34457 3915 13 of of IN 34457 3915 14 three three CD 34457 3915 15 components component NNS 34457 3915 16 in in IN 34457 3915 17 which which WDT 34457 3915 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3915 19 exists exist VBZ 34457 3915 20 between between IN 34457 3915 21 solid solid JJ 34457 3915 22 and and CC 34457 3915 23 gas gas NN 34457 3915 24 phases phase NNS 34457 3915 25 are be VBP 34457 3915 26 those those DT 34457 3915 27 formed form VBN 34457 3915 28 by by IN 34457 3915 29 the the DT 34457 3915 30 three three CD 34457 3915 31 components component NNS 34457 3915 32 -- -- : 34457 3915 33 iron iron NN 34457 3915 34 , , , 34457 3915 35 carbon carbon NN 34457 3915 36 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3915 37 , , , 34457 3915 38 and and CC 34457 3915 39 carbon carbon NN 34457 3915 40 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3915 41 -- -- : 34457 3915 42 and and CC 34457 3915 43 they -PRON- PRP 34457 3915 44 are be VBP 34457 3915 45 of of IN 34457 3915 46 importance importance NN 34457 3915 47 especially especially RB 34457 3915 48 for for IN 34457 3915 49 the the DT 34457 3915 50 study study NN 34457 3915 51 of of IN 34457 3915 52 the the DT 34457 3915 53 processes process NNS 34457 3915 54 occurring occur VBG 34457 3915 55 in in IN 34457 3915 56 the the DT 34457 3915 57 blast blast NN 34457 3915 58 furnace furnace NN 34457 3915 59 . . . 34457 3916 1 If if IN 34457 3916 2 carbon carbon NN 34457 3916 3 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3916 4 is be VBZ 34457 3916 5 passed pass VBN 34457 3916 6 over over IN 34457 3916 7 reduced reduce VBN 34457 3916 8 iron iron NN 34457 3916 9 powder powder NN 34457 3916 10 at at IN 34457 3916 11 a a DT 34457 3916 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3916 13 of of IN 34457 3916 14 about about RB 34457 3916 15 600 600â CD 34457 3916 16 ° ° NNS 34457 3916 17 , , , 34457 3916 18 the the DT 34457 3916 19 iron iron NN 34457 3916 20 is be VBZ 34457 3916 21 oxidized oxidize VBN 34457 3916 22 and and CC 34457 3916 23 the the DT 34457 3916 24 carbon carbon NN 34457 3916 25 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3916 26 reduced reduce VBN 34457 3916 27 with with IN 34457 3916 28 separation separation NN 34457 3916 29 of of IN 34457 3916 30 carbon carbon NN 34457 3916 31 in in IN 34457 3916 32 accordance accordance NN 34457 3916 33 with with IN 34457 3916 34 the the DT 34457 3916 35 equation equation NN 34457 3916 36 Fe fe NN 34457 3916 37 + + CC 34457 3916 38 CO co NN 34457 3916 39 = = SYM 34457 3916 40 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3916 41 + + CC 34457 3916 42 C c NN 34457 3916 43 This this DT 34457 3916 44 reaction reaction NN 34457 3916 45 is be VBZ 34457 3916 46 succeeded succeed VBN 34457 3916 47 by by IN 34457 3916 48 the the DT 34457 3916 49 two two CD 34457 3916 50 reactions reaction NNS 34457 3916 51 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3916 52 + + CC 34457 3916 53 CO CO NNP 34457 3916 54 = = FW 34457 3916 55 Fe Fe NNP 34457 3916 56 + + SYM 34457 3916 57 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3916 58 } } -RRB- 34457 3916 59 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3916 60 } } -RRB- 34457 3916 61 + + NNP 34457 3916 62 C C NNP 34457 3916 63 = = SYM 34457 3916 64 2CO 2co CD 34457 3916 65 { { -LRB- 34457 3916 66 305 305 CD 34457 3916 67 } } -RRB- 34457 3916 68 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3916 69 Illustration illustration NN 34457 3916 70 : : : 34457 3916 71 FIG FIG NNP 34457 3916 72 . . . 34457 3917 1 121 121 CD 34457 3917 2 . . . 34457 3917 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3918 1 The the DT 34457 3918 2 former former JJ 34457 3918 3 of of IN 34457 3918 4 these these DT 34457 3918 5 reactions reaction NNS 34457 3918 6 is be VBZ 34457 3918 7 not not RB 34457 3918 8 complete complete JJ 34457 3918 9 , , , 34457 3918 10 but but CC 34457 3918 11 leads lead VBZ 34457 3918 12 to to IN 34457 3918 13 a a DT 34457 3918 14 definite definite JJ 34457 3918 15 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3918 16 . . . 34457 3919 1 The the DT 34457 3919 2 result result NN 34457 3919 3 of of IN 34457 3919 4 the the DT 34457 3919 5 different different JJ 34457 3919 6 reactions reaction NNS 34457 3919 7 is be VBZ 34457 3919 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 3919 9 an an DT 34457 3919 10 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3919 11 between between IN 34457 3919 12 the the DT 34457 3919 13 three three CD 34457 3919 14 solid solid JJ 34457 3919 15 phases phase NNS 34457 3919 16 , , , 34457 3919 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 3919 18 , , , 34457 3919 19 iron iron NN 34457 3919 20 , , , 34457 3919 21 and and CC 34457 3919 22 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3919 23 oxide oxide NN 34457 3919 24 , , , 34457 3919 25 and and CC 34457 3919 26 the the DT 34457 3919 27 gas gas NN 34457 3919 28 phase phase NN 34457 3919 29 consisting consist VBG 34457 3919 30 of of IN 34457 3919 31 carbon carbon NN 34457 3919 32 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3919 33 and and CC 34457 3919 34 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3919 35 . . . 34457 3920 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3920 2 have have VBP 34457 3920 3 here here RB 34457 3920 4 four four CD 34457 3920 5 phases phase NNS 34457 3920 6 ; ; : 34457 3920 7 and and CC 34457 3920 8 if if IN 34457 3920 9 the the DT 34457 3920 10 total total JJ 34457 3920 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 3920 12 is be VBZ 34457 3920 13 maintained maintain VBN 34457 3920 14 constant constant JJ 34457 3920 15 , , , 34457 3920 16 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3920 17 can can MD 34457 3920 18 occur occur VB 34457 3920 19 only only RB 34457 3920 20 at at IN 34457 3920 21 a a DT 34457 3920 22 definite definite JJ 34457 3920 23 temperature temperature NN 34457 3920 24 . . . 34457 3921 1 Since since IN 34457 3921 2 , , , 34457 3921 3 under under IN 34457 3921 4 certain certain JJ 34457 3921 5 conditions condition NNS 34457 3921 6 , , , 34457 3921 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3921 8 can can MD 34457 3921 9 also also RB 34457 3921 10 have have VB 34457 3921 11 the the DT 34457 3921 12 reaction reaction NN 34457 3921 13 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3921 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3921 15 + + CC 34457 3921 16 CO CO NNP 34457 3921 17 = = NNS 34457 3921 18 3FeO 3feo CD 34457 3921 19 + + SYM 34457 3921 20 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3921 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3921 22 { { -LRB- 34457 3921 23 306 306 CD 34457 3921 24 } } -RRB- 34457 3921 25 a a DT 34457 3921 26 second second JJ 34457 3921 27 series series NN 34457 3921 28 of of IN 34457 3921 29 equilibria equilibria NNP 34457 3921 30 can can MD 34457 3921 31 be be VB 34457 3921 32 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3921 33 of of IN 34457 3921 34 a a DT 34457 3921 35 character character NN 34457 3921 36 similar similar JJ 34457 3921 37 to to IN 34457 3921 38 the the DT 34457 3921 39 former former JJ 34457 3921 40 . . . 34457 3922 1 These these DT 34457 3922 2 various various JJ 34457 3922 3 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 3922 4 have have VBP 34457 3922 5 been be VBN 34457 3922 6 investigated investigate VBN 34457 3922 7 by by IN 34457 3922 8 Baur Baur NNP 34457 3922 9 and and CC 34457 3922 10 Glaessner,[378 Glaessner,[378 NNP 34457 3922 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3922 12 and and CC 34457 3922 13 the the DT 34457 3922 14 following follow VBG 34457 3922 15 is be VBZ 34457 3922 16 a a DT 34457 3922 17 short short JJ 34457 3922 18 account account NN 34457 3922 19 of of IN 34457 3922 20 the the DT 34457 3922 21 results result NNS 34457 3922 22 of of IN 34457 3922 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3922 24 work work NN 34457 3922 25 . . . 34457 3923 1 Mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3923 2 of of IN 34457 3923 3 the the DT 34457 3923 4 solid solid JJ 34457 3923 5 phases phase NNS 34457 3923 6 in in IN 34457 3923 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3923 8 with with IN 34457 3923 9 carbon carbon NN 34457 3923 10 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3923 11 and and CC 34457 3923 12 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3923 13 were be VBD 34457 3923 14 heated heat VBN 34457 3923 15 in in IN 34457 3923 16 a a DT 34457 3923 17 porcelain porcelain NN 34457 3923 18 tube tube NN 34457 3923 19 at at IN 34457 3923 20 a a DT 34457 3923 21 definite definite JJ 34457 3923 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 3923 23 until until IN 34457 3923 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3923 25 was be VBD 34457 3923 26 produced produce VBN 34457 3923 27 , , , 34457 3923 28 and and CC 34457 3923 29 the the DT 34457 3923 30 gas gas NN 34457 3923 31 was be VBD 34457 3923 32 then then RB 34457 3923 33 pumped pump VBN 34457 3923 34 off off RP 34457 3923 35 and and CC 34457 3923 36 analyzed analyze VBD 34457 3923 37 . . . 34457 3924 1 The the DT 34457 3924 2 results result NNS 34457 3924 3 which which WDT 34457 3924 4 were be VBD 34457 3924 5 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3924 6 are be VBP 34457 3924 7 given give VBN 34457 3924 8 in in IN 34457 3924 9 the the DT 34457 3924 10 following follow VBG 34457 3924 11 tables table NNS 34457 3924 12 , , , 34457 3924 13 and and CC 34457 3924 14 represented represent VBD 34457 3924 15 graphically graphically RB 34457 3924 16 in in IN 34457 3924 17 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3924 18 . . . 34457 3925 1 121 121 CD 34457 3925 2 . . . 34457 3926 1 SOLID solid JJ 34457 3926 2 PHASES phase NNS 34457 3926 3 : : : 34457 3926 4 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 CD 34457 3926 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3926 6 ; ; : 34457 3926 7 FeO. FeO. NNP 34457 3927 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3927 2 | | NNP 34457 3927 3 | | NNP 34457 3927 4 Duration Duration NNP 34457 3927 5 of of IN 34457 3927 6 | | NNP 34457 3927 7 | | NNP 34457 3927 8 Percentage Percentage NNP 34457 3927 9 of of IN 34457 3927 10 No no UH 34457 3927 11 . . . 34457 3928 1 | | NNP 34457 3928 2 Tube Tube NNP 34457 3928 3 filled fill VBD 34457 3928 4 | | NNP 34457 3928 5 the the DT 34457 3928 6 experiment experiment NN 34457 3928 7 | | CD 34457 3928 8 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3928 9 . . . 34457 3929 1 | | NNS 34457 3929 2 | | NNS 34457 3929 3 with with IN 34457 3929 4 | | CD 34457 3929 5 in in IN 34457 3929 6 hours hour NNS 34457 3929 7 . . . 34457 3930 1 | | NNP 34457 3930 2 | | NNP 34457 3930 3 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 5 | | NNP 34457 3930 6 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- NNP 34457 3930 8 1 1 CD 34457 3930 9 | | NNP 34457 3930 10 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 11 | | CD 34457 3930 12 14 14 CD 34457 3930 13 | | CD 34457 3930 14 600 600â CD 34457 3930 15 ° ° , 34457 3930 16 | | CD 34457 3930 17 59.3 59.3 CD 34457 3930 18 | | CD 34457 3930 19 40.7 40.7 CD 34457 3930 20 2 2 CD 34457 3930 21 | | NNP 34457 3930 22 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 23 | | CD 34457 3930 24 15 15 CD 34457 3930 25 | | NNP 34457 3930 26 590 590 NNP 34457 3930 27 ° ° , 34457 3930 28 | | CD 34457 3930 29 54.7 54.7 CD 34457 3930 30 | | CD 34457 3930 31 45.3 45.3 CD 34457 3930 32 3 3 CD 34457 3930 33 | | NNP 34457 3930 34 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 35 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 36 | | NNP 34457 3930 37 16 16 CD 34457 3930 38 | | NNP 34457 3930 39 590 590â CD 34457 3930 40 ° ° , 34457 3930 41 | | CD 34457 3930 42 64.6 64.6 CD 34457 3930 43 | | CD 34457 3930 44 35.4 35.4 CD 34457 3930 45 4 4 CD 34457 3930 46 | | NNP 34457 3930 47 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 48 | | NNP 34457 3930 49 24 24 CD 34457 3930 50 | | NNP 34457 3930 51 590 590â CD 34457 3930 52 ° ° , 34457 3930 53 | | NNP 34457 3930 54 58.4 58.4 CD 34457 3930 55 | | CD 34457 3930 56 41.6 41.6 CD 34457 3930 57 5 5 CD 34457 3930 58 | | NNP 34457 3930 59 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 60 | | CD 34457 3930 61 22 22 CD 34457 3930 62 | | CD 34457 3930 63 730 730â CD 34457 3930 64 ° ° , 34457 3930 65 | | CD 34457 3930 66 67.7 67.7 CD 34457 3930 67 | | CD 34457 3930 68 32.3 32.3 CD 34457 3930 69 6 6 CD 34457 3930 70 | | CD 34457 3930 71 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 72 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 73 | | NNP 34457 3930 74 22 22 CD 34457 3930 75 | | CD 34457 3930 76 730 730â CD 34457 3930 77 ° ° , 34457 3930 78 | | CD 34457 3930 79 86.1 86.1 CD 34457 3930 80 | | CD 34457 3930 81 31.9 31.9 CD 34457 3930 82 7 7 CD 34457 3930 83 | | NNP 34457 3930 84 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 85 | | NNP 34457 3930 86 22 22 CD 34457 3930 87 | | CD 34457 3930 88 750 750â CD 34457 3930 89 ° ° , 34457 3930 90 | | POS 34457 3930 91 68.4 68.4 CD 34457 3930 92 | | CD 34457 3930 93 31.6 31.6 CD 34457 3930 94 8 8 CD 34457 3930 95 | | CD 34457 3930 96 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 97 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 98 | | NNP 34457 3930 99 22 22 CD 34457 3930 100 | | CD 34457 3930 101 610 610 NNP 34457 3930 102 ° ° , 34457 3930 103 | | CD 34457 3930 104 64.9 64.9 CD 34457 3930 105 | | CD 34457 3930 106 35.1 35.1 CD 34457 3930 107 9 9 CD 34457 3930 108 | | NNP 34457 3930 109 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 110 | | CD 34457 3930 111 23 23 CD 34457 3930 112 | | CD 34457 3930 113 420 420â CD 34457 3930 114 ° ° , 34457 3930 115 | | CD 34457 3930 116 56.0 56.0 CD 34457 3930 117 | | CD 34457 3930 118 44.0 44.0 CD 34457 3930 119 10 10 CD 34457 3930 120 | | NNP 34457 3930 121 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 122 | | NNP 34457 3930 123 47 47 CD 34457 3930 124 | | CD 34457 3930 125 350 350â CD 34457 3930 126 ° ° , 34457 3930 127 | | CD 34457 3930 128 65.6 65.6 CD 34457 3930 129 | | CD 34457 3930 130 34.4 34.4 CD 34457 3930 131 11 11 CD 34457 3930 132 | | CD 34457 3930 133 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 134 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 135 | | CD 34457 3930 136 46 46 CD 34457 3930 137 | | CD 34457 3930 138 350 350â CD 34457 3930 139 ° ° , 34457 3930 140 | | NNP 34457 3930 141 72.8 72.8 CD 34457 3930 142 | | CD 34457 3930 143 27.2 27.2 CD 34457 3930 144 12 12 CD 34457 3930 145 | | CD 34457 3930 146 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 147 | | CD 34457 3930 148 53 53 CD 34457 3930 149 | | CD 34457 3930 150 350 350â CD 34457 3930 151 ° ° , 34457 3930 152 | | CD 34457 3930 153 64.0 64.0 CD 34457 3930 154 | | CD 34457 3930 155 36.0 36.0 CD 34457 3930 156 13 13 CD 34457 3930 157 | | CD 34457 3930 158 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 159 | | NNP 34457 3930 160 18 18 CD 34457 3930 161 | | CD 34457 3930 162 570 570â CD 34457 3930 163 ° ° , 34457 3930 164 | | CD 34457 3930 165 53.4 53.4 CD 34457 3930 166 | | CD 34457 3930 167 46.6 46.6 CD 34457 3930 168 14 14 CD 34457 3930 169 | | CD 34457 3930 170 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 171 | | CD 34457 3930 172 19 19 CD 34457 3930 173 | | CD 34457 3930 174 680 680â CD 34457 3930 175 ° ° , 34457 3930 176 | | CD 34457 3930 177 60.5 60.5 CD 34457 3930 178 | | CD 34457 3930 179 39.5 39.5 CD 34457 3930 180 15 15 CD 34457 3930 181 | | NNP 34457 3930 182 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 183 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 184 | | NNP 34457 3930 185 24 24 CD 34457 3930 186 | | NNP 34457 3930 187 540 540 NNP 34457 3930 188 ° ° , 34457 3930 189 | | CD 34457 3930 190 55.5 55.5 CD 34457 3930 191 | | CD 34457 3930 192 44.5 44.5 CD 34457 3930 193 16 16 CD 34457 3930 194 | | NNP 34457 3930 195 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 196 | | NNP 34457 3930 197 21 21 CD 34457 3930 198 | | CD 34457 3930 199 630 630â CD 34457 3930 200 ° ° , 34457 3930 201 | | CD 34457 3930 202 57.5 57.5 CD 34457 3930 203 | | CD 34457 3930 204 42.5 42.5 CD 34457 3930 205 17 17 CD 34457 3930 206 | | CD 34457 3930 207 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 208 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 209 | | NNP 34457 3930 210 17 17 CD 34457 3930 211 | | NNP 34457 3930 212 690 690 NNP 34457 3930 213 ° ° , 34457 3930 214 | | NNP 34457 3930 215 65.5 65.5 CD 34457 3930 216 | | CD 34457 3930 217 34.5 34.5 CD 34457 3930 218 18 18 CD 34457 3930 219 | | CD 34457 3930 220 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 221 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 222 | | NNP 34457 3930 223 17 17 CD 34457 3930 224 | | CD 34457 3930 225 670 670â CD 34457 3930 226 ° ° NNS 34457 3930 227 | | CD 34457 3930 228 67.0 67.0 CD 34457 3930 229 | | CD 34457 3930 230 33.0 33.0 CD 34457 3930 231 19 19 CD 34457 3930 232 | | NNS 34457 3930 233 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 234 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 235 | | NNP 34457 3930 236 24 24 CD 34457 3930 237 | | CD 34457 3930 238 410 410â CD 34457 3930 239 ° ° , 34457 3930 240 | | CD 34457 3930 241 58.5 58.5 CD 34457 3930 242 | | CD 34457 3930 243 41.5 41.5 CD 34457 3930 244 20 20 CD 34457 3930 245 | | CD 34457 3930 246 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 247 | | CD 34457 3930 248 24 24 CD 34457 3930 249 | | CD 34457 3930 250 490 490â CD 34457 3930 251 ° ° , 34457 3930 252 | | CD 34457 3930 253 51.7 51.7 CD 34457 3930 254 | | CD 34457 3930 255 48.8 48.8 CD 34457 3930 256 21 21 CD 34457 3930 257 | | CD 34457 3930 258 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 259 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 260 | | CD 34457 3930 261 23 23 CD 34457 3930 262 | | CD 34457 3930 263 590 590â CD 34457 3930 264 ° ° , 34457 3930 265 | | CD 34457 3930 266 54.4 54.4 CD 34457 3930 267 | | CD 34457 3930 268 45.6 45.6 CD 34457 3930 269 22 22 CD 34457 3930 270 | | CD 34457 3930 271 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 272 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 273 | | NNP 34457 3930 274 4 4 CD 34457 3930 275 | | CD 34457 3930 276 950 950â CD 34457 3930 277 ° ° , 34457 3930 278 | | CD 34457 3930 279 77.0 77.0 CD 34457 3930 280 | | CD 34457 3930 281 23.0 23.0 CD 34457 3930 282 23 23 CD 34457 3930 283 | | CD 34457 3930 284 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 285 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 286 | | NNP 34457 3930 287 15 15 CD 34457 3930 288 | | CD 34457 3930 289 850 850â CD 34457 3930 290 ° ° , 34457 3930 291 | | CD 34457 3930 292 73.4 73.4 CD 34457 3930 293 | | CD 34457 3930 294 26.6 26.6 CD 34457 3930 295 24 24 CD 34457 3930 296 | | NNP 34457 3930 297 CO CO NNP 34457 3930 298 | | NNP 34457 3930 299 8 8 CD 34457 3930 300 | | CD 34457 3930 301 800 800â CD 34457 3930 302 ° ° , 34457 3930 303 | | NNP 34457 3930 304 71.2 71.2 CD 34457 3930 305 | | CD 34457 3930 306 28.8 28.8 CD 34457 3930 307 25 25 CD 34457 3930 308 | | CD 34457 3930 309 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3930 310 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 311 | | NNP 34457 3930 312 24 24 CD 34457 3930 313 | | NNP 34457 3930 314 540 540 NNP 34457 3930 315 ° ° , 34457 3930 316 | | CD 34457 3930 317 56.7 56.7 CD 34457 3930 318 | | CD 34457 3930 319 43.3 43.3 CD 34457 3930 320 ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 3930 321 { { -LRB- 34457 3930 322 307 307 CD 34457 3930 323 } } -RRB- 34457 3930 324 SOLID solid VBP 34457 3930 325 PHASES phase NNS 34457 3930 326 : : : 34457 3930 327 FeO feo NN 34457 3930 328 ; ; : 34457 3930 329 Fe fe UH 34457 3930 330 . . . 34457 3931 1 ------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------- ------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------- NFP 34457 3931 2 | | CD 34457 3931 3 | | CD 34457 3931 4 Duration Duration NNP 34457 3931 5 of of IN 34457 3931 6 | | NNP 34457 3931 7 | | NNP 34457 3931 8 Percentage Percentage NNP 34457 3931 9 of of IN 34457 3931 10 No no UH 34457 3931 11 . . . 34457 3932 1 | | NNP 34457 3932 2 Tube Tube NNP 34457 3932 3 filled fill VBD 34457 3932 4 | | HYPH 34457 3932 5 experiment experiment NN 34457 3932 6 | | CD 34457 3932 7 Temperature temperature NN 34457 3932 8 . . . 34457 3933 1 | | NNS 34457 3933 2 | | NNS 34457 3933 3 with with IN 34457 3933 4 | | CD 34457 3933 5 in in IN 34457 3933 6 hours hour NNS 34457 3933 7 . . . 34457 3934 1 | | NNP 34457 3934 2 | | NNP 34457 3934 3 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3934 4 } } -RRB- 34457 3934 5 | | NNP 34457 3934 6 CO CO NNP 34457 3934 7 ------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------+------ ------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------+------ NNP 34457 3934 8 I. i. NN 34457 3935 1 | | NNP 34457 3935 2 CO CO NNP 34457 3935 3 | | NNP 34457 3935 4 15 15 CD 34457 3935 5 | | CD 34457 3935 6 800 800â CD 34457 3935 7 ° ° , 34457 3935 8 | | CD 34457 3935 9 35.2 35.2 CD 34457 3935 10 | | CD 34457 3935 11 64.8 64.8 CD 34457 3935 12 II ii CD 34457 3935 13 . . . 34457 3936 1 | | NNP 34457 3936 2 CO CO NNP 34457 3936 3 | | NNP 34457 3936 4 18 18 CD 34457 3936 5 | | CD 34457 3936 6 530 530â CD 34457 3936 7 ° ° , 34457 3936 8 | | CD 34457 3936 9 29.1 29.1 CD 34457 3936 10 | | CD 34457 3936 11 70.9 70.9 CD 34457 3936 12 III iii CD 34457 3936 13 . . . 34457 3937 1 | | NNP 34457 3937 2 CO CO NNP 34457 3937 3 | | NNP 34457 3937 4 13 13 CD 34457 3937 5 | | CD 34457 3937 6 880 880â CD 34457 3937 7 ° ° , 34457 3937 8 | | NNP 34457 3937 9 30.2 30.2 CD 34457 3937 10 | | CD 34457 3937 11 69.6 69.6 CD 34457 3937 12 IV IV NNP 34457 3937 13 . . . 34457 3938 1 | | NNP 34457 3938 2 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3938 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3938 4 | | NNP 34457 3938 5 24 24 CD 34457 3938 6 | | CD 34457 3938 7 870 870â CD 34457 3938 8 ° ° , 34457 3938 9 | | CD 34457 3938 10 32.3 32.3 CD 34457 3938 11 | | CD 34457 3938 12 67.7 67.7 CD 34457 3938 13 V. V. NNP 34457 3938 14 | | NNP 34457 3938 15 CO CO NNP 34457 3938 16 | | NNP 34457 3938 17 18 18 CD 34457 3938 18 | | CD 34457 3938 19 760 760 NNPS 34457 3938 20 ° ° , 34457 3938 21 | | CD 34457 3938 22 36.9 36.9 CD 34457 3938 23 | | CD 34457 3938 24 63.1 63.1 CD 34457 3938 25 VI VI NNP 34457 3938 26 . . . 34457 3939 1 | | NNP 34457 3939 2 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3939 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3939 4 | | NNP 34457 3939 5 16 16 CD 34457 3939 6 | | CD 34457 3939 7 820 820 NNP 34457 3939 8 ° ° , 34457 3939 9 | | NNP 34457 3939 10 34.7 34.7 CD 34457 3939 11 | | CD 34457 3939 12 65.3 65.3 CD 34457 3939 13 VII VII NNP 34457 3939 14 . . . 34457 3940 1 | | NNP 34457 3940 2 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3940 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3940 4 | | NNP 34457 3940 5 18 18 CD 34457 3940 6 | | CD 34457 3940 7 730 730â CD 34457 3940 8 ° ° , 34457 3940 9 | | CD 34457 3940 10 41.1 41.1 CD 34457 3940 11 | | CD 34457 3940 12 58.9 58.9 CD 34457 3940 13 VIII viii NN 34457 3940 14 . . . 34457 3941 1 | | NNP 34457 3941 2 CO CO NNP 34457 3941 3 | | NNP 34457 3941 4 18 18 CD 34457 3941 5 | | CD 34457 3941 6 630 630â CD 34457 3941 7 ° ° , 34457 3941 8 | | CD 34457 3941 9 34.9 34.9 CD 34457 3941 10 | | CD 34457 3941 11 65.1 65.1 CD 34457 3941 12 IX IX NNP 34457 3941 13 . . . 34457 3942 1 | | NNP 34457 3942 2 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3942 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3942 4 | | NNP 34457 3942 5 17 17 CD 34457 3942 6 | | CD 34457 3942 7 630 630â CD 34457 3942 8 ° ° , 34457 3942 9 | | CD 34457 3942 10 61.6 61.6 CD 34457 3942 11 | | CD 34457 3942 12 58.4 58.4 CD 34457 3942 13 X. X. NNP 34457 3943 1 | | NNP 34457 3943 2 CO CO NNP 34457 3943 3 | | NNP 34457 3943 4 18 18 CD 34457 3943 5 | | NNP 34457 3943 6 540 540 NNP 34457 3943 7 ° ° , 34457 3943 8 | | CD 34457 3943 9 25.0 25.0 CD 34457 3943 10 | | CD 34457 3943 11 75.0 75.0 CD 34457 3943 12 XI XI NNP 34457 3943 13 . . . 34457 3944 1 | | NNP 34457 3944 2 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3944 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3944 4 | | NNP 34457 3944 5 25 25 CD 34457 3944 6 | | CD 34457 3944 7 540 540 NNP 34457 3944 8 ° ° , 34457 3944 9 | | CD 34457 3944 10 36.5 36.5 CD 34457 3944 11 | | CD 34457 3944 12 63.5 63.5 CD 34457 3944 13 ------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------+------ ------+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------+------ NNP 34457 3944 14 As as IN 34457 3944 15 is be VBZ 34457 3944 16 evident evident JJ 34457 3944 17 from from IN 34457 3944 18 the the DT 34457 3944 19 above above JJ 34457 3944 20 tables table NNS 34457 3944 21 and and CC 34457 3944 22 from from IN 34457 3944 23 the the DT 34457 3944 24 curves curve NNS 34457 3944 25 in in IN 34457 3944 26 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3944 27 . . . 34457 3945 1 121 121 CD 34457 3945 2 , , , 34457 3945 3 the the DT 34457 3945 4 curve curve NN 34457 3945 5 of of IN 34457 3945 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3945 7 in in IN 34457 3945 8 the the DT 34457 3945 9 case case NN 34457 3945 10 of of IN 34457 3945 11 the the DT 34457 3945 12 reaction reaction NN 34457 3945 13 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3945 14 } } -RRB- 34457 3945 15 + + CC 34457 3945 16 CO CO NNP 34457 3945 17 = = NNS 34457 3945 18 3FeO 3feo CD 34457 3945 19 + + SYM 34457 3945 20 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3945 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3945 22 exhibits exhibit VBZ 34457 3945 23 a a DT 34457 3945 24 maximum maximum NN 34457 3945 25 for for IN 34457 3945 26 the the DT 34457 3945 27 ratio ratio NN 34457 3945 28 CO CO NNP 34457 3945 29 : : : 34457 3945 30 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3945 31 } } -RRB- 34457 3945 32 , , , 34457 3945 33 at at IN 34457 3945 34 490 490â CD 34457 3945 35 ° ° NNS 34457 3945 36 , , , 34457 3945 37 while while IN 34457 3945 38 , , , 34457 3945 39 for for IN 34457 3945 40 the the DT 34457 3945 41 reaction reaction NN 34457 3945 42 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3945 43 + + CC 34457 3945 44 CO CO NNP 34457 3945 45 = = FW 34457 3945 46 Fe Fe NNP 34457 3945 47 + + SYM 34457 3945 48 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3945 49 } } -RRB- 34457 3945 50 this this DT 34457 3945 51 ratio ratio NN 34457 3945 52 has have VBZ 34457 3945 53 a a DT 34457 3945 54 minimum minimum JJ 34457 3945 55 value value NN 34457 3945 56 at at IN 34457 3945 57 680 680â CD 34457 3945 58 ° ° NNS 34457 3945 59 . . . 34457 3946 1 From from IN 34457 3946 2 these these DT 34457 3946 3 curves curve NNS 34457 3946 4 can can MD 34457 3946 5 be be VB 34457 3946 6 derived derive VBN 34457 3946 7 the the DT 34457 3946 8 conditions condition NNS 34457 3946 9 under under IN 34457 3946 10 which which WDT 34457 3946 11 the the DT 34457 3946 12 different different JJ 34457 3946 13 solid solid JJ 34457 3946 14 phases phase NNS 34457 3946 15 can can MD 34457 3946 16 exist exist VB 34457 3946 17 in in IN 34457 3946 18 contact contact NN 34457 3946 19 with with IN 34457 3946 20 gas gas NN 34457 3946 21 . . . 34457 3947 1 Thus thus RB 34457 3947 2 , , , 34457 3947 3 for for IN 34457 3947 4 example example NN 34457 3947 5 , , , 34457 3947 6 at at IN 34457 3947 7 a a DT 34457 3947 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 3947 9 of of IN 34457 3947 10 690 690 NNP 34457 3947 11 ° ° NNS 34457 3947 12 , , , 34457 3947 13 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3947 14 and and CC 34457 3947 15 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3947 16 } } -RRB- 34457 3947 17 can can MD 34457 3947 18 coexist coexist VB 34457 3947 19 with with IN 34457 3947 20 a a DT 34457 3947 21 mixture mixture NN 34457 3947 22 of of IN 34457 3947 23 65.5 65.5 CD 34457 3947 24 per per NN 34457 3947 25 cent cent NN 34457 3947 26 . . . 34457 3948 1 of of IN 34457 3948 2 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3948 3 } } -RRB- 34457 3948 4 and and CC 34457 3948 5 34.5 34.5 CD 34457 3948 6 per per IN 34457 3948 7 cent cent NN 34457 3948 8 . . . 34457 3949 1 of of IN 34457 3949 2 CO CO NNP 34457 3949 3 . . . 34457 3950 1 If if IN 34457 3950 2 the the DT 34457 3950 3 partial partial JJ 34457 3950 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 3950 5 of of IN 34457 3950 6 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3950 7 } } -RRB- 34457 3950 8 is be VBZ 34457 3950 9 increased increase VBN 34457 3950 10 , , , 34457 3950 11 there there EX 34457 3950 12 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3950 13 the the DT 34457 3950 14 reaction reaction NN 34457 3950 15 3FeO 3feo CD 34457 3950 16 + + SYM 34457 3950 17 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3950 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3950 19 = = NFP 34457 3950 20 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 NN 34457 3950 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3950 22 + + CC 34457 3950 23 CO CO NNP 34457 3950 24 and and CC 34457 3950 25 if if IN 34457 3950 26 carbon carbon NN 34457 3950 27 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3950 28 is be VBZ 34457 3950 29 added add VBN 34457 3950 30 in in IN 34457 3950 31 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 3950 32 amount amount NN 34457 3950 33 , , , 34457 3950 34 the the DT 34457 3950 35 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3950 36 oxide oxide NN 34457 3950 37 finally finally RB 34457 3950 38 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3950 39 completely completely RB 34457 3950 40 . . . 34457 3951 1 If if IN 34457 3951 2 , , , 34457 3951 3 on on IN 34457 3951 4 the the DT 34457 3951 5 other other JJ 34457 3951 6 hand hand NN 34457 3951 7 , , , 34457 3951 8 the the DT 34457 3951 9 partial partial JJ 34457 3951 10 pressure pressure NN 34457 3951 11 of of IN 34457 3951 12 CO CO NNP 34457 3951 13 is be VBZ 34457 3951 14 increased increase VBN 34457 3951 15 , , , 34457 3951 16 there there EX 34457 3951 17 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3951 18 the the DT 34457 3951 19 reaction reaction NN 34457 3951 20 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3951 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3951 22 + + CC 34457 3951 23 CO CO NNP 34457 3951 24 = = NNS 34457 3951 25 3FeO 3feo CD 34457 3951 26 + + SYM 34457 3951 27 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3951 28 } } -RRB- 34457 3951 29 and and CC 34457 3951 30 all all PDT 34457 3951 31 the the DT 34457 3951 32 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3951 33 oxide oxide NN 34457 3951 34 can can MD 34457 3951 35 be be VB 34457 3951 36 made make VBN 34457 3951 37 to to TO 34457 3951 38 disappear disappear VB 34457 3951 39 . . . 34457 3952 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 3952 2 see see VBP 34457 3952 3 , , , 34457 3952 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3952 5 , , , 34457 3952 6 that that IN 34457 3952 7 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 NN 34457 3952 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3952 9 can can MD 34457 3952 10 only only RB 34457 3952 11 exist exist VB 34457 3952 12 at at IN 34457 3952 13 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3952 14 and and CC 34457 3952 15 in in IN 34457 3952 16 { { -LRB- 34457 3952 17 308 308 CD 34457 3952 18 } } -RRB- 34457 3952 19 contact contact NN 34457 3952 20 with with IN 34457 3952 21 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 3952 22 of of IN 34457 3952 23 carbon carbon NN 34457 3952 24 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3952 25 and and CC 34457 3952 26 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3952 27 , , , 34457 3952 28 represented represent VBN 34457 3952 29 by by IN 34457 3952 30 the the DT 34457 3952 31 area area NN 34457 3952 32 which which WDT 34457 3952 33 lies lie VBZ 34457 3952 34 below below IN 34457 3952 35 the the DT 34457 3952 36 under under JJ 34457 3952 37 curve curve NN 34457 3952 38 in in IN 34457 3952 39 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3952 40 . . . 34457 3953 1 121 121 CD 34457 3953 2 . . . 34457 3954 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 3954 2 , , , 34457 3954 3 the the DT 34457 3954 4 region region NN 34457 3954 5 of of IN 34457 3954 6 existence existence NN 34457 3954 7 of of IN 34457 3954 8 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3954 9 is be VBZ 34457 3954 10 that that DT 34457 3954 11 represented represent VBN 34457 3954 12 by by IN 34457 3954 13 the the DT 34457 3954 14 area area NN 34457 3954 15 between between IN 34457 3954 16 the the DT 34457 3954 17 two two CD 34457 3954 18 curves curve NNS 34457 3954 19 ; ; : 34457 3954 20 while while IN 34457 3954 21 metallic metallic JJ 34457 3954 22 iron iron NN 34457 3954 23 can can MD 34457 3954 24 exist exist VB 34457 3954 25 under under IN 34457 3954 26 the the DT 34457 3954 27 conditions condition NNS 34457 3954 28 of of IN 34457 3954 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 3954 30 and and CC 34457 3954 31 composition composition NN 34457 3954 32 of of IN 34457 3954 33 gas gas NN 34457 3954 34 phase phase NN 34457 3954 35 represented represent VBN 34457 3954 36 by by IN 34457 3954 37 the the DT 34457 3954 38 area area NN 34457 3954 39 above above IN 34457 3954 40 the the DT 34457 3954 41 upper upper JJ 34457 3954 42 curve curve NN 34457 3954 43 in in IN 34457 3954 44 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3954 45 . . . 34457 3955 1 121 121 CD 34457 3955 2 . . . 34457 3956 1 If if IN 34457 3956 2 , , , 34457 3956 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3956 4 , , , 34457 3956 5 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3956 6 oxide oxide NN 34457 3956 7 or or CC 34457 3956 8 metallic metallic JJ 34457 3956 9 iron iron NN 34457 3956 10 is be VBZ 34457 3956 11 heated heat VBN 34457 3956 12 for for IN 34457 3956 13 a a DT 34457 3956 14 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 3956 15 long long JJ 34457 3956 16 time time NN 34457 3956 17 at at IN 34457 3956 18 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3956 19 above above IN 34457 3956 20 700 700â CD 34457 3956 21 ° ° , 34457 3956 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3956 23 to to IN 34457 3956 24 the the DT 34457 3956 25 right right NN 34457 3956 26 of of IN 34457 3956 27 the the DT 34457 3956 28 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3956 29 line line NN 34457 3956 30 ; ; : 34457 3956 31 _ _ NNP 34457 3956 32 vide vide NN 34457 3956 33 infra infra NNP 34457 3956 34 _ _ NNP 34457 3956 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3956 36 , , , 34457 3956 37 complete complete JJ 34457 3956 38 transformation transformation NN 34457 3956 39 to to IN 34457 3956 40 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3956 41 oxide oxide NN 34457 3956 42 finally finally RB 34457 3956 43 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3956 44 . . . 34457 3957 1 In in IN 34457 3957 2 another another DT 34457 3957 3 series series NN 34457 3957 4 of of IN 34457 3957 5 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3957 6 which which WDT 34457 3957 7 can can MD 34457 3957 8 be be VB 34457 3957 9 obtained obtain VBN 34457 3957 10 , , , 34457 3957 11 carbon carbon NN 34457 3957 12 is be VBZ 34457 3957 13 one one CD 34457 3957 14 of of IN 34457 3957 15 the the DT 34457 3957 16 solid solid JJ 34457 3957 17 phases phase NNS 34457 3957 18 . . . 34457 3958 1 In in IN 34457 3958 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3958 3 . . . 34457 3959 1 121 121 CD 34457 3959 2 the the DT 34457 3959 3 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3959 4 between between IN 34457 3959 5 carbon carbon NN 34457 3959 6 , , , 34457 3959 7 carbon carbon NN 34457 3959 8 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3959 9 , , , 34457 3959 10 and and CC 34457 3959 11 carbon carbon NN 34457 3959 12 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3959 13 under under IN 34457 3959 14 pressures pressure NNS 34457 3959 15 of of IN 34457 3959 16 one one CD 34457 3959 17 and and CC 34457 3959 18 of of IN 34457 3959 19 a a DT 34457 3959 20 quarter quarter NN 34457 3959 21 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 3959 22 , , , 34457 3959 23 are be VBP 34457 3959 24 represented represent VBN 34457 3959 25 by by IN 34457 3959 26 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3959 27 lines line NNS 34457 3959 28 . . . 34457 3960 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3960 2 379 379 CD 34457 3960 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3960 4 If if IN 34457 3960 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3960 6 consider consider VBP 34457 3960 7 only only RB 34457 3960 8 the the DT 34457 3960 9 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3960 10 line line NN 34457 3960 11 on on IN 34457 3960 12 the the DT 34457 3960 13 right right NN 34457 3960 14 , , , 34457 3960 15 representing represent VBG 34457 3960 16 the the DT 34457 3960 17 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3960 18 under under IN 34457 3960 19 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 3960 20 pressure pressure NN 34457 3960 21 , , , 34457 3960 22 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3960 23 see see VBP 34457 3960 24 that that IN 34457 3960 25 the the DT 34457 3960 26 points point NNS 34457 3960 27 in in IN 34457 3960 28 which which WDT 34457 3960 29 the the DT 34457 3960 30 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3960 31 line line NN 34457 3960 32 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3960 33 the the DT 34457 3960 34 other other JJ 34457 3960 35 two two CD 34457 3960 36 curves curve NNS 34457 3960 37 must must MD 34457 3960 38 represent represent VB 34457 3960 39 systems system NNS 34457 3960 40 in in IN 34457 3960 41 which which WDT 34457 3960 42 carbon carbon NN 34457 3960 43 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3960 44 and and CC 34457 3960 45 carbon carbon NN 34457 3960 46 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3960 47 are be VBP 34457 3960 48 in in IN 34457 3960 49 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3960 50 with with IN 34457 3960 51 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3960 52 + + CC 34457 3960 53 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3960 54 } } -RRB- 34457 3960 55 + + NNP 34457 3960 56 C c NN 34457 3960 57 , , , 34457 3960 58 on on IN 34457 3960 59 the the DT 34457 3960 60 one one CD 34457 3960 61 hand hand NN 34457 3960 62 , , , 34457 3960 63 and and CC 34457 3960 64 with with IN 34457 3960 65 Fe fe NN 34457 3960 66 + + SYM 34457 3960 67 FeO feo NN 34457 3960 68 + + SYM 34457 3960 69 C c NN 34457 3960 70 on on IN 34457 3960 71 the the DT 34457 3960 72 other other JJ 34457 3960 73 . . . 34457 3961 1 These these DT 34457 3961 2 systems system NNS 34457 3961 3 can can MD 34457 3961 4 only only RB 34457 3961 5 exist exist VB 34457 3961 6 at at IN 34457 3961 7 one one CD 34457 3961 8 definite definite JJ 34457 3961 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 3961 10 , , , 34457 3961 11 if if IN 34457 3961 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3961 13 make make VBP 34457 3961 14 the the DT 34457 3961 15 restriction restriction NN 34457 3961 16 that that IN 34457 3961 17 the the DT 34457 3961 18 pressure pressure NN 34457 3961 19 is be VBZ 34457 3961 20 maintained maintain VBN 34457 3961 21 constant constant JJ 34457 3961 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3961 23 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 3961 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 3961 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3961 26 . . . 34457 3962 1 Starting start VBG 34457 3962 2 , , , 34457 3962 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 3962 4 , , , 34457 3962 5 with with IN 34457 3962 6 the the DT 34457 3962 7 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3962 8 FeO feo NN 34457 3962 9 + + CC 34457 3962 10 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 NN 34457 3962 11 } } -RRB- 34457 3962 12 + + CC 34457 3962 13 CO CO NNP 34457 3962 14 + + NNP 34457 3962 15 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3962 16 } } -RRB- 34457 3962 17 at at IN 34457 3962 18 a a DT 34457 3962 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 3962 20 of of IN 34457 3962 21 about about RB 34457 3962 22 670 670â CD 34457 3962 23 ° ° NNS 34457 3962 24 , , , 34457 3962 25 and and CC 34457 3962 26 then then RB 34457 3962 27 add add VB 34457 3962 28 carbon carbon NN 34457 3962 29 to to IN 34457 3962 30 the the DT 34457 3962 31 system system NN 34457 3962 32 , , , 34457 3962 33 the the DT 34457 3962 34 reaction reaction NN 34457 3962 35 C C NNP 34457 3962 36 + + CC 34457 3962 37 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3962 38 } } -RRB- 34457 3962 39 = = NFP 34457 3962 40 2CO 2co CD 34457 3962 41 will will MD 34457 3962 42 occur occur VB 34457 3962 43 , , , 34457 3962 44 because because IN 34457 3962 45 the the DT 34457 3962 46 concentration concentration NN 34457 3962 47 of of IN 34457 3962 48 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3962 49 } } -RRB- 34457 3962 50 is be VBZ 34457 3962 51 greater great JJR 34457 3962 52 than than IN 34457 3962 53 what what WP 34457 3962 54 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3962 55 with with IN 34457 3962 56 the the DT 34457 3962 57 system system NN 34457 3962 58 FeO feo NN 34457 3962 59 + + CC 34457 3962 60 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 NN 34457 3962 61 } } -RRB- 34457 3962 62 + + CC 34457 3962 63 C c NN 34457 3962 64 in in IN 34457 3962 65 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3962 66 with with IN 34457 3962 67 carbon carbon NN 34457 3962 68 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3962 69 and and CC 34457 3962 70 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3962 71 . . . 34457 3963 1 In in IN 34457 3963 2 consequence consequence NN 34457 3963 3 of of IN 34457 3963 4 this this DT 34457 3963 5 reaction reaction NN 34457 3963 6 , , , 34457 3963 7 the the DT 34457 3963 8 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3963 9 between between IN 34457 3963 10 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3963 11 + + CC 34457 3963 12 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 NN 34457 3963 13 } } -RRB- 34457 3963 14 and and CC 34457 3963 15 the the DT 34457 3963 16 gas gas NN 34457 3963 17 phase phase NN 34457 3963 18 is be VBZ 34457 3963 19 disturbed disturb VBN 34457 3963 20 , , , 34457 3963 21 and and CC 34457 3963 22 the the DT 34457 3963 23 change change NN 34457 3963 24 in in IN 34457 3963 25 the the DT 34457 3963 26 composition composition NN 34457 3963 27 of of IN 34457 3963 28 the the DT 34457 3963 29 gas gas NN 34457 3963 30 phase phase NN 34457 3963 31 is be VBZ 34457 3963 32 opposed oppose VBN 34457 3963 33 by by IN 34457 3963 34 the the DT 34457 3963 35 reaction reaction NN 34457 3963 36 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3963 37 } } -RRB- 34457 3963 38 + + CC 34457 3963 39 CO CO NNP 34457 3963 40 = = NNS 34457 3963 41 3FeO 3feo CD 34457 3963 42 + + SYM 34457 3963 43 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3963 44 } } -RRB- 34457 3963 45 , , , 34457 3963 46 which which WDT 34457 3963 47 continues continue VBZ 34457 3963 48 until until IN 34457 3963 49 either either CC 34457 3963 50 all all PDT 34457 3963 51 the the DT 34457 3963 52 carbon carbon NN 34457 3963 53 { { -LRB- 34457 3963 54 309 309 CD 34457 3963 55 } } -RRB- 34457 3963 56 or or CC 34457 3963 57 all all PDT 34457 3963 58 the the DT 34457 3963 59 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3963 60 oxide oxide NN 34457 3963 61 is be VBZ 34457 3963 62 used use VBN 34457 3963 63 up up RP 34457 3963 64 . . . 34457 3964 1 If if IN 34457 3964 2 the the DT 34457 3964 3 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3964 4 oxide oxide NN 34457 3964 5 first first JJ 34457 3964 6 disappears disappear VBZ 34457 3964 7 , , , 34457 3964 8 the the DT 34457 3964 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3964 10 corresponds correspond VBZ 34457 3964 11 with with IN 34457 3964 12 a a DT 34457 3964 13 point point NN 34457 3964 14 on on IN 34457 3964 15 the the DT 34457 3964 16 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3964 17 line line NN 34457 3964 18 in in IN 34457 3964 19 the the DT 34457 3964 20 middle middle JJ 34457 3964 21 area area NN 34457 3964 22 of of IN 34457 3964 23 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3964 24 . . . 34457 3965 1 121 121 CD 34457 3965 2 , , , 34457 3965 3 which which WDT 34457 3965 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 3965 5 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3965 6 between between IN 34457 3965 7 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3965 8 + + CC 34457 3965 9 C C NNP 34457 3965 10 as as IN 34457 3965 11 solid solid JJ 34457 3965 12 phases phase NNS 34457 3965 13 , , , 34457 3965 14 and and CC 34457 3965 15 a a DT 34457 3965 16 mixture mixture NN 34457 3965 17 of of IN 34457 3965 18 carbon carbon NN 34457 3965 19 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3965 20 and and CC 34457 3965 21 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3965 22 as as IN 34457 3965 23 gas gas NN 34457 3965 24 phase phase NN 34457 3965 25 . . . 34457 3966 1 If if IN 34457 3966 2 the the DT 34457 3966 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3966 4 is be VBZ 34457 3966 5 higher high JJR 34457 3966 6 than than IN 34457 3966 7 685 685â CD 34457 3966 8 ° ° NNS 34457 3966 9 , , , 34457 3966 10 at at IN 34457 3966 11 which which WDT 34457 3966 12 temperature temperature NN 34457 3966 13 the the DT 34457 3966 14 curve curve NN 34457 3966 15 for for IN 34457 3966 16 C C NNP 34457 3966 17 -- -- : 34457 3966 18 CO CO NNP 34457 3966 19 -- -- : 34457 3966 20 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3966 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3966 22 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3966 23 that that DT 34457 3966 24 for for IN 34457 3966 25 Fe Fe NNP 34457 3966 26 -- -- : 34457 3966 27 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3966 28 -- -- : 34457 3966 29 CO CO NNP 34457 3966 30 -- -- : 34457 3966 31 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3966 32 } } -RRB- 34457 3966 33 ; ; : 34457 3966 34 then then RB 34457 3966 35 , , , 34457 3966 36 when when WRB 34457 3966 37 all all PDT 34457 3966 38 the the DT 34457 3966 39 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3966 40 oxide oxide NN 34457 3966 41 has have VBZ 34457 3966 42 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 3966 43 , , , 34457 3966 44 the the DT 34457 3966 45 concentration concentration NN 34457 3966 46 of of IN 34457 3966 47 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3966 48 } } -RRB- 34457 3966 49 is be VBZ 34457 3966 50 still still RB 34457 3966 51 too too RB 34457 3966 52 great great JJ 34457 3966 53 for for IN 34457 3966 54 the the DT 34457 3966 55 coexistence coexistence NN 34457 3966 56 of of IN 34457 3966 57 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3966 58 and and CC 34457 3966 59 C. C. NNP 34457 3966 60 Consequently Consequently NNP 34457 3966 61 , , , 34457 3966 62 there there EX 34457 3966 63 occurs occur VBZ 34457 3966 64 the the DT 34457 3966 65 reaction reaction NN 34457 3966 66 C C NNP 34457 3966 67 + + CC 34457 3966 68 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3966 69 } } -RRB- 34457 3966 70 = = SYM 34457 3966 71 2CO 2co CD 34457 3966 72 , , , 34457 3966 73 and and CC 34457 3966 74 the the DT 34457 3966 75 composition composition NN 34457 3966 76 of of IN 34457 3966 77 the the DT 34457 3966 78 gas gas NN 34457 3966 79 phase phase NN 34457 3966 80 alters alter NNS 34457 3966 81 until until IN 34457 3966 82 a a DT 34457 3966 83 point point NN 34457 3966 84 on on IN 34457 3966 85 the the DT 34457 3966 86 upper upper JJ 34457 3966 87 curve curve NN 34457 3966 88 is be VBZ 34457 3966 89 reached reach VBN 34457 3966 90 . . . 34457 3967 1 A a DT 34457 3967 2 further further JJ 34457 3967 3 increase increase NN 34457 3967 4 in in IN 34457 3967 5 the the DT 34457 3967 6 concentration concentration NN 34457 3967 7 of of IN 34457 3967 8 CO CO NNP 34457 3967 9 is be VBZ 34457 3967 10 opposed oppose VBN 34457 3967 11 by by IN 34457 3967 12 the the DT 34457 3967 13 reaction reaction NN 34457 3967 14 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3967 15 + + CC 34457 3967 16 CO CO NNP 34457 3967 17 = = FW 34457 3967 18 Fe Fe NNP 34457 3967 19 + + SYM 34457 3967 20 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3967 21 } } -RRB- 34457 3967 22 , , , 34457 3967 23 and and CC 34457 3967 24 the the DT 34457 3967 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 3967 26 remains remain VBZ 34457 3967 27 constant constant JJ 34457 3967 28 until until IN 34457 3967 29 all all PDT 34457 3967 30 the the DT 34457 3967 31 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3967 32 oxide oxide NN 34457 3967 33 is be VBZ 34457 3967 34 reduced reduce VBN 34457 3967 35 and and CC 34457 3967 36 only only JJ 34457 3967 37 iron iron NN 34457 3967 38 and and CC 34457 3967 39 carbon carbon NN 34457 3967 40 remain remain VBP 34457 3967 41 in in IN 34457 3967 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3967 43 with with IN 34457 3967 44 gas gas NN 34457 3967 45 . . . 34457 3968 1 If if IN 34457 3968 2 the the DT 34457 3968 3 quantities quantity NNS 34457 3968 4 of of IN 34457 3968 5 the the DT 34457 3968 6 substances substance NNS 34457 3968 7 have have VBP 34457 3968 8 been be VBN 34457 3968 9 rightly rightly RB 34457 3968 10 chosen choose VBN 34457 3968 11 , , , 34457 3968 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3968 13 ultimately ultimately RB 34457 3968 14 reach reach VBP 34457 3968 15 a a DT 34457 3968 16 point point NN 34457 3968 17 on on IN 34457 3968 18 the the DT 34457 3968 19 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3968 20 curve curve NN 34457 3968 21 in in IN 34457 3968 22 the the DT 34457 3968 23 upper upper JJ 34457 3968 24 part part NN 34457 3968 25 of of IN 34457 3968 26 Fig Fig NNP 34457 3968 27 . . . 34457 3969 1 121 121 CD 34457 3969 2 . . . 34457 3970 1 Fig fig NN 34457 3970 2 . . . 34457 3971 1 121 121 CD 34457 3971 2 shows show VBZ 34457 3971 3 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3971 4 , , , 34457 3971 5 also also RB 34457 3971 6 , , , 34457 3971 7 what what WP 34457 3971 8 are be VBP 34457 3971 9 the the DT 34457 3971 10 conditions condition NNS 34457 3971 11 under under IN 34457 3971 12 which which WDT 34457 3971 13 the the DT 34457 3971 14 reduction reduction NN 34457 3971 15 of of IN 34457 3971 16 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3971 17 to to IN 34457 3971 18 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3971 19 oxide oxide NN 34457 3971 20 by by IN 34457 3971 21 carbon carbon NN 34457 3971 22 can can MD 34457 3971 23 occur occur VB 34457 3971 24 . . . 34457 3972 1 Let let VB 34457 3972 2 us -PRON- PRP 34457 3972 3 suppose suppose VB 34457 3972 4 , , , 34457 3972 5 for for IN 34457 3972 6 example example NN 34457 3972 7 , , , 34457 3972 8 that that IN 34457 3972 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3972 10 start start VBP 34457 3972 11 with with IN 34457 3972 12 a a DT 34457 3972 13 mixture mixture NN 34457 3972 14 of of IN 34457 3972 15 carbon carbon NN 34457 3972 16 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3972 17 and and CC 34457 3972 18 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3972 19 at at IN 34457 3972 20 about about RB 34457 3972 21 600 600â CD 34457 3972 22 ° ° NNS 34457 3972 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3972 24 the the DT 34457 3972 25 lowest low JJS 34457 3972 26 point point NN 34457 3972 27 on on IN 34457 3972 28 the the DT 34457 3972 29 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3972 30 line line NN 34457 3972 31 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3972 32 , , , 34457 3972 33 and and CC 34457 3972 34 maintain maintain VB 34457 3972 35 the the DT 34457 3972 36 total total JJ 34457 3972 37 pressure pressure NN 34457 3972 38 constant constant JJ 34457 3972 39 and and CC 34457 3972 40 equal equal JJ 34457 3972 41 to to IN 34457 3972 42 one one CD 34457 3972 43 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 3972 44 . . . 34457 3973 1 If if IN 34457 3973 2 the the DT 34457 3973 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3973 4 is be VBZ 34457 3973 5 increased increase VBN 34457 3973 6 , , , 34457 3973 7 the the DT 34457 3973 8 concentration concentration NN 34457 3973 9 of of IN 34457 3973 10 the the DT 34457 3973 11 carbon carbon NN 34457 3973 12 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3973 13 will will MD 34457 3973 14 diminish diminish VB 34457 3973 15 , , , 34457 3973 16 owing owe VBG 34457 3973 17 to to IN 34457 3973 18 the the DT 34457 3973 19 reaction reaction NN 34457 3973 20 C C NNP 34457 3973 21 + + CC 34457 3973 22 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3973 23 } } -RRB- 34457 3973 24 = = SYM 34457 3973 25 2CO 2co CD 34457 3973 26 , , , 34457 3973 27 but but CC 34457 3973 28 the the DT 34457 3973 29 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3973 30 oxide oxide NN 34457 3973 31 will will MD 34457 3973 32 undergo undergo VB 34457 3973 33 no no DT 34457 3973 34 change change NN 34457 3973 35 until until IN 34457 3973 36 the the DT 34457 3973 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 3973 38 reaches reach VBZ 34457 3973 39 647 647 NNP 34457 3973 40 ° ° NNS 34457 3973 41 , , , 34457 3973 42 the the DT 34457 3973 43 point point NN 34457 3973 44 of of IN 34457 3973 45 intersection intersection NN 34457 3973 46 of of IN 34457 3973 47 the the DT 34457 3973 48 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3973 49 curve curve NN 34457 3973 50 with with IN 34457 3973 51 the the DT 34457 3973 52 curve curve NN 34457 3973 53 for for IN 34457 3973 54 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3973 55 and and CC 34457 3973 56 Fe_{3}O_{4 Fe_{3}O_{4 NNP 34457 3973 57 } } -RRB- 34457 3973 58 . . . 34457 3974 1 At at IN 34457 3974 2 this this DT 34457 3974 3 point point NN 34457 3974 4 further far RBR 34457 3974 5 increase increase NN 34457 3974 6 in in IN 34457 3974 7 the the DT 34457 3974 8 concentration concentration NN 34457 3974 9 of of IN 34457 3974 10 carbon carbon NN 34457 3974 11 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3974 12 is be VBZ 34457 3974 13 opposed oppose VBN 34457 3974 14 by by IN 34457 3974 15 the the DT 34457 3974 16 reduction reduction NN 34457 3974 17 of of IN 34457 3974 18 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3974 19 oxide oxide NN 34457 3974 20 in in IN 34457 3974 21 accordance accordance NN 34457 3974 22 with with IN 34457 3974 23 the the DT 34457 3974 24 equation equation NN 34457 3974 25 Fe_{3}O_{4 fe_{3}o_{4 CD 34457 3974 26 } } -RRB- 34457 3974 27 + + CC 34457 3974 28 CO CO NNP 34457 3974 29 = = NNS 34457 3974 30 3FeO 3feo CD 34457 3974 31 + + SYM 34457 3974 32 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3974 33 } } -RRB- 34457 3974 34 . . . 34457 3975 1 The the DT 34457 3975 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 3975 3 , , , 34457 3975 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3975 5 , , , 34457 3975 6 remains remain VBZ 34457 3975 7 constant constant JJ 34457 3975 8 until until IN 34457 3975 9 all all PDT 34457 3975 10 the the DT 34457 3975 11 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3975 12 oxide oxide NN 34457 3975 13 has have VBZ 34457 3975 14 disappeared disappear VBN 34457 3975 15 . . . 34457 3976 1 If if IN 34457 3976 2 the the DT 34457 3976 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3976 4 is be VBZ 34457 3976 5 still still RB 34457 3976 6 further further RB 34457 3976 7 raised raise VBN 34457 3976 8 , , , 34457 3976 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3976 10 again again RB 34457 3976 11 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3976 12 a a DT 34457 3976 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3976 14 system system NN 34457 3976 15 , , , 34457 3976 16 FeO feo NN 34457 3976 17 + + CC 34457 3976 18 C C NNP 34457 3976 19 , , , 34457 3976 20 in in IN 34457 3976 21 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3976 22 with with IN 34457 3976 23 gas gas NN 34457 3976 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3976 25 univariant univariant JJ 34457 3976 26 because because IN 34457 3976 27 the the DT 34457 3976 28 total total JJ 34457 3976 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 3976 30 is be VBZ 34457 3976 31 constant constant JJ 34457 3976 32 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3976 33 ; ; : 34457 3976 34 and and CC 34457 3976 35 if if IN 34457 3976 36 the the DT 34457 3976 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 3976 38 is be VBZ 34457 3976 39 raised raise VBN 34457 3976 40 the the DT 34457 3976 41 composition composition NN 34457 3976 42 of of IN 34457 3976 43 the the DT 34457 3976 44 gas gas NN 34457 3976 45 must must MD 34457 3976 46 undergo undergo VB 34457 3976 47 change change NN 34457 3976 48 . . . 34457 3977 1 This this DT 34457 3977 2 is be VBZ 34457 3977 3 effected effect VBN 34457 3977 4 by by IN 34457 3977 5 the the DT 34457 3977 6 reaction reaction NN 34457 3977 7 C C NNP 34457 3977 8 + + CC 34457 3977 9 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3977 10 } } -RRB- 34457 3977 11 = = SYM 34457 3977 12 2CO 2co CD 34457 3977 13 . . . 34457 3978 1 When when WRB 34457 3978 2 the the DT 34457 3978 3 { { -LRB- 34457 3978 4 310 310 CD 34457 3978 5 } } -RRB- 34457 3978 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 3978 7 rises rise VBZ 34457 3978 8 to to IN 34457 3978 9 685 685â CD 34457 3978 10 ° ° NNS 34457 3978 11 , , , 34457 3978 12 at at IN 34457 3978 13 which which WDT 34457 3978 14 the the DT 34457 3978 15 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3978 16 curve curve NN 34457 3978 17 cuts cut VBZ 34457 3978 18 the the DT 34457 3978 19 curve curve NN 34457 3978 20 for for IN 34457 3978 21 Fe Fe NNP 34457 3978 22 -- -- : 34457 3978 23 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3978 24 , , , 34457 3978 25 further further JJ 34457 3978 26 change change NN 34457 3978 27 is be VBZ 34457 3978 28 prevented prevent VBN 34457 3978 29 by by IN 34457 3978 30 the the DT 34457 3978 31 reaction reaction NN 34457 3978 32 FeO FeO NNP 34457 3978 33 + + CC 34457 3978 34 CO CO NNP 34457 3978 35 = = FW 34457 3978 36 Fe Fe NNP 34457 3978 37 + + SYM 34457 3978 38 CO_{2 CO_{2 NNP 34457 3978 39 } } -RRB- 34457 3978 40 . . . 34457 3979 1 When when WRB 34457 3979 2 all all PDT 34457 3979 3 the the DT 34457 3979 4 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3979 5 oxide oxide NN 34457 3979 6 is be VBZ 34457 3979 7 used use VBN 34457 3979 8 up up RP 34457 3979 9 , , , 34457 3979 10 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3979 11 obtain obtain VBP 34457 3979 12 the the DT 34457 3979 13 system system NN 34457 3979 14 Fe fe NN 34457 3979 15 + + SYM 34457 3979 16 C C NNP 34457 3979 17 in in IN 34457 3979 18 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3979 19 with with IN 34457 3979 20 gas gas NN 34457 3979 21 . . . 34457 3980 1 If if IN 34457 3980 2 the the DT 34457 3980 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 3980 4 is be VBZ 34457 3980 5 now now RB 34457 3980 6 raised raise VBN 34457 3980 7 , , , 34457 3980 8 the the DT 34457 3980 9 composition composition NN 34457 3980 10 of of IN 34457 3980 11 the the DT 34457 3980 12 gas gas NN 34457 3980 13 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 3980 14 change change NN 34457 3980 15 , , , 34457 3980 16 as as IN 34457 3980 17 shown show VBN 34457 3980 18 by by IN 34457 3980 19 the the DT 34457 3980 20 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3980 21 line line NN 34457 3980 22 . . . 34457 3981 1 The the DT 34457 3981 2 two two CD 34457 3981 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3981 4 , , , 34457 3981 5 647 647â CD 34457 3981 6 ° ° NNS 34457 3981 7 and and CC 34457 3981 8 685 685â CD 34457 3981 9 ° ° NNS 34457 3981 10 , , , 34457 3981 11 give give VBP 34457 3981 12 , , , 34457 3981 13 evidently evidently RB 34457 3981 14 , , , 34457 3981 15 the the DT 34457 3981 16 limits limit NNS 34457 3981 17 within within IN 34457 3981 18 which which WDT 34457 3981 19 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3981 20 or or CC 34457 3981 21 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3981 22 oxide oxide NN 34457 3981 23 can can MD 34457 3981 24 be be VB 34457 3981 25 reduced reduce VBN 34457 3981 26 directly directly RB 34457 3981 27 by by IN 34457 3981 28 carbon carbon NN 34457 3981 29 . . . 34457 3982 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3982 2 is be VBZ 34457 3982 3 further further RB 34457 3982 4 evident evident JJ 34457 3982 5 that that IN 34457 3982 6 at at IN 34457 3982 7 any any DT 34457 3982 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 3982 9 to to IN 34457 3982 10 the the DT 34457 3982 11 right right NN 34457 3982 12 of of IN 34457 3982 13 the the DT 34457 3982 14 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3982 15 line line NN 34457 3982 16 , , , 34457 3982 17 carbon carbon NN 34457 3982 18 is be VBZ 34457 3982 19 unstable unstable JJ 34457 3982 20 in in IN 34457 3982 21 presence presence NN 34457 3982 22 of of IN 34457 3982 23 iron iron NN 34457 3982 24 or or CC 34457 3982 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 3982 26 oxides oxide NNS 34457 3982 27 ; ; : 34457 3982 28 while while IN 34457 3982 29 at at IN 34457 3982 30 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3982 31 lower low JJR 34457 3982 32 than than IN 34457 3982 33 those those DT 34457 3982 34 represented represent VBN 34457 3982 35 by by IN 34457 3982 36 the the DT 34457 3982 37 dotted dotted JJ 34457 3982 38 line line NN 34457 3982 39 , , , 34457 3982 40 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3982 41 is be VBZ 34457 3982 42 stable stable JJ 34457 3982 43 . . . 34457 3983 1 In in IN 34457 3983 2 the the DT 34457 3983 3 blast blast NN 34457 3983 4 furnace furnace NN 34457 3983 5 , , , 34457 3983 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 3983 7 , , , 34457 3983 8 separation separation NN 34457 3983 9 of of IN 34457 3983 10 carbon carbon NN 34457 3983 11 can can MD 34457 3983 12 occur occur VB 34457 3983 13 only only RB 34457 3983 14 at at IN 34457 3983 15 lower low JJR 34457 3983 16 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 3983 17 , , , 34457 3983 18 and and CC 34457 3983 19 the the DT 34457 3983 20 carbon carbon NN 34457 3983 21 must must MD 34457 3983 22 disappear disappear VB 34457 3983 23 on on IN 34457 3983 24 raising raise VBG 34457 3983 25 the the DT 34457 3983 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 3983 27 . . . 34457 3984 1 Finally finally RB 34457 3984 2 , , , 34457 3984 3 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3984 4 may may MD 34457 3984 5 be be VB 34457 3984 6 remarked remark VBN 34457 3984 7 that that IN 34457 3984 8 the the DT 34457 3984 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3984 10 curves curve NNS 34457 3984 11 show show VBP 34457 3984 12 that that IN 34457 3984 13 ferrous ferrous JJ 34457 3984 14 oxide oxide NN 34457 3984 15 is be VBZ 34457 3984 16 most most RBS 34457 3984 17 easily easily RB 34457 3984 18 reduced reduce VBN 34457 3984 19 at at IN 34457 3984 20 680 680â CD 34457 3984 21 ° ° NNS 34457 3984 22 , , , 34457 3984 23 since since IN 34457 3984 24 the the DT 34457 3984 25 concentration concentration NN 34457 3984 26 of of IN 34457 3984 27 the the DT 34457 3984 28 carbon carbon NN 34457 3984 29 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3984 30 required require VBN 34457 3984 31 at at IN 34457 3984 32 this this DT 34457 3984 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 3984 34 is be VBZ 34457 3984 35 a a DT 34457 3984 36 minimum minimum NN 34457 3984 37 . . . 34457 3985 1 On on IN 34457 3985 2 the the DT 34457 3985 3 other other JJ 34457 3985 4 hand hand NN 34457 3985 5 , , , 34457 3985 6 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3985 7 oxide oxide NN 34457 3985 8 is be VBZ 34457 3985 9 reduced reduce VBN 34457 3985 10 with with IN 34457 3985 11 greatest great JJS 34457 3985 12 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 3985 13 at at IN 34457 3985 14 490 490â CD 34457 3985 15 ° ° NNS 34457 3985 16 , , , 34457 3985 17 since since IN 34457 3985 18 at at IN 34457 3985 19 this this DT 34457 3985 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 3985 21 the the DT 34457 3985 22 requisite requisite JJ 34457 3985 23 concentration concentration NN 34457 3985 24 of of IN 34457 3985 25 carbon carbon NN 34457 3985 26 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3985 27 is be VBZ 34457 3985 28 a a DT 34457 3985 29 maximum maximum NN 34457 3985 30 . . . 34457 3986 1 Other other JJ 34457 3986 2 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3986 3 between between IN 34457 3986 4 solid solid JJ 34457 3986 5 and and CC 34457 3986 6 gas gas NN 34457 3986 7 phases phase NNS 34457 3986 8 are be VBP 34457 3986 9 : : : 34457 3986 10 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 3986 11 between between IN 34457 3986 12 iron iron NN 34457 3986 13 , , , 34457 3986 14 ferric ferric JJ 34457 3986 15 oxide oxide NN 34457 3986 16 , , , 34457 3986 17 water water NN 34457 3986 18 vapour vapour NN 34457 3986 19 , , , 34457 3986 20 and and CC 34457 3986 21 hydrogen,[380 hydrogen,[380 NNP 34457 3986 22 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3986 23 and and CC 34457 3986 24 the the DT 34457 3986 25 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 3986 26 between between IN 34457 3986 27 carbon carbon NN 34457 3986 28 , , , 34457 3986 29 carbon carbon NN 34457 3986 30 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 3986 31 , , , 34457 3986 32 carbon carbon NN 34457 3986 33 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 3986 34 , , , 34457 3986 35 water water NN 34457 3986 36 vapour vapour NN 34457 3986 37 , , , 34457 3986 38 and and CC 34457 3986 39 hydrogen,[381 hydrogen,[381 NNP 34457 3986 40 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3986 41 which which WDT 34457 3986 42 is be VBZ 34457 3986 43 of of IN 34457 3986 44 importance importance NN 34457 3986 45 for for IN 34457 3986 46 the the DT 34457 3986 47 manufacture manufacture NN 34457 3986 48 of of IN 34457 3986 49 water water NN 34457 3986 50 gas gas NN 34457 3986 51 . . . 34457 3987 1 * * NFP 34457 3987 2 * * NFP 34457 3987 3 * * NFP 34457 3987 4 * * NFP 34457 3987 5 * * NFP 34457 3987 6 { { -LRB- 34457 3987 7 311 311 CD 34457 3987 8 } } -RRB- 34457 3987 9 CHAPTER chapter NN 34457 3987 10 XVIII xviii NN 34457 3987 11 SYSTEMS system NNS 34457 3987 12 OF of IN 34457 3987 13 FOUR four CD 34457 3987 14 COMPONENTS component NNS 34457 3987 15 In in IN 34457 3987 16 the the DT 34457 3987 17 systems system NNS 34457 3987 18 which which WDT 34457 3987 19 have have VBP 34457 3987 20 so so RB 34457 3987 21 far far RB 34457 3987 22 been be VBN 34457 3987 23 studied study VBN 34457 3987 24 , , , 34457 3987 25 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3987 26 have have VBP 34457 3987 27 met meet VBN 34457 3987 28 with with IN 34457 3987 29 cases case NNS 34457 3987 30 where where WRB 34457 3987 31 two two CD 34457 3987 32 or or CC 34457 3987 33 three three CD 34457 3987 34 components component NNS 34457 3987 35 could could MD 34457 3987 36 enter enter VB 34457 3987 37 into into IN 34457 3987 38 combination combination NN 34457 3987 39 ; ; : 34457 3987 40 but but CC 34457 3987 41 in in IN 34457 3987 42 no no DT 34457 3987 43 case case NN 34457 3987 44 did do VBD 34457 3987 45 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3987 46 find find VB 34457 3987 47 double double JJ 34457 3987 48 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3987 49 occurring occur VBG 34457 3987 50 . . . 34457 3988 1 The the DT 34457 3988 2 reason reason NN 34457 3988 3 of of IN 34457 3988 4 this this DT 34457 3988 5 is be VBZ 34457 3988 6 that that IN 34457 3988 7 in in IN 34457 3988 8 the the DT 34457 3988 9 systems system NNS 34457 3988 10 previously previously RB 34457 3988 11 studied study VBD 34457 3988 12 , , , 34457 3988 13 in in IN 34457 3988 14 which which WDT 34457 3988 15 double double JJ 34457 3988 16 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3988 17 might may MD 34457 3988 18 have have VB 34457 3988 19 been be VBN 34457 3988 20 possible possible JJ 34457 3988 21 , , , 34457 3988 22 namely namely RB 34457 3988 23 in in IN 34457 3988 24 those those DT 34457 3988 25 systems system NNS 34457 3988 26 in in IN 34457 3988 27 which which WDT 34457 3988 28 two two CD 34457 3988 29 salts salt NNS 34457 3988 30 acted act VBD 34457 3988 31 as as IN 34457 3988 32 components component NNS 34457 3988 33 , , , 34457 3988 34 the the DT 34457 3988 35 restriction restriction NN 34457 3988 36 was be VBD 34457 3988 37 imposed impose VBN 34457 3988 38 that that IN 34457 3988 39 either either CC 34457 3988 40 the the DT 34457 3988 41 basic basic JJ 34457 3988 42 or or CC 34457 3988 43 the the DT 34457 3988 44 acid acid JJ 34457 3988 45 constituent constituent NN 34457 3988 46 of of IN 34457 3988 47 these these DT 34457 3988 48 salts salt NNS 34457 3988 49 must must MD 34457 3988 50 be be VB 34457 3988 51 the the DT 34457 3988 52 same same JJ 34457 3988 53 ; ; : 34457 3988 54 a a DT 34457 3988 55 restriction restriction NN 34457 3988 56 imposed impose VBN 34457 3988 57 , , , 34457 3988 58 indeed indeed RB 34457 3988 59 , , , 34457 3988 60 for for IN 34457 3988 61 the the DT 34457 3988 62 very very JJ 34457 3988 63 purpose purpose NN 34457 3988 64 of of IN 34457 3988 65 excluding exclude VBG 34457 3988 66 double double JJ 34457 3988 67 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3988 68 . . . 34457 3989 1 Now now RB 34457 3989 2 , , , 34457 3989 3 however however RB 34457 3989 4 , , , 34457 3989 5 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3989 6 shall shall MD 34457 3989 7 allow allow VB 34457 3989 8 this this DT 34457 3989 9 restriction restriction NN 34457 3989 10 to to TO 34457 3989 11 fall fall VB 34457 3989 12 , , , 34457 3989 13 thereby thereby RB 34457 3989 14 extending extend VBG 34457 3989 15 the the DT 34457 3989 16 range range NN 34457 3989 17 of of IN 34457 3989 18 study study NN 34457 3989 19 . . . 34457 3990 1 Hitherto Hitherto NNP 34457 3990 2 , , , 34457 3990 3 in in IN 34457 3990 4 connection connection NN 34457 3990 5 with with IN 34457 3990 6 four four CD 34457 3990 7 - - HYPH 34457 3990 8 component component NN 34457 3990 9 systems system NNS 34457 3990 10 , , , 34457 3990 11 the the DT 34457 3990 12 attention attention NN 34457 3990 13 has have VBZ 34457 3990 14 been be VBN 34457 3990 15 directed direct VBN 34457 3990 16 solely solely RB 34457 3990 17 to to IN 34457 3990 18 the the DT 34457 3990 19 study study NN 34457 3990 20 of of IN 34457 3990 21 aqueous aqueous JJ 34457 3990 22 solutions solution NNS 34457 3990 23 of of IN 34457 3990 24 salts salt NNS 34457 3990 25 , , , 34457 3990 26 and and CC 34457 3990 27 more more RBR 34457 3990 28 especially especially RB 34457 3990 29 of of IN 34457 3990 30 the the DT 34457 3990 31 salts salt NNS 34457 3990 32 which which WDT 34457 3990 33 occur occur VBP 34457 3990 34 in in IN 34457 3990 35 sea sea NN 34457 3990 36 - - HYPH 34457 3990 37 water water NN 34457 3990 38 , , , 34457 3990 39 _ _ NNP 34457 3990 40 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 3990 41 _ _ NNP 34457 3990 42 chiefly chiefly RB 34457 3990 43 , , , 34457 3990 44 the the DT 34457 3990 45 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 3990 46 and and CC 34457 3990 47 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 3990 48 of of IN 34457 3990 49 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3990 50 , , , 34457 3990 51 potassium potassium NN 34457 3990 52 , , , 34457 3990 53 and and CC 34457 3990 54 sodium sodium NN 34457 3990 55 . . . 34457 3991 1 The the DT 34457 3991 2 importance importance NN 34457 3991 3 of of IN 34457 3991 4 these these DT 34457 3991 5 investigations investigation NNS 34457 3991 6 will will MD 34457 3991 7 be be VB 34457 3991 8 recognized recognize VBN 34457 3991 9 when when WRB 34457 3991 10 one one PRP 34457 3991 11 recollects recollect VBZ 34457 3991 12 that that IN 34457 3991 13 by by IN 34457 3991 14 the the DT 34457 3991 15 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 3991 16 of of IN 34457 3991 17 sea sea NN 34457 3991 18 - - HYPH 34457 3991 19 water water NN 34457 3991 20 there there EX 34457 3991 21 have have VBP 34457 3991 22 been be VBN 34457 3991 23 formed form VBN 34457 3991 24 the the DT 34457 3991 25 enormous enormous JJ 34457 3991 26 salt salt NN 34457 3991 27 - - : 34457 3991 28 beds bed NNS 34457 3991 29 at at IN 34457 3991 30 Stassfurt Stassfurt NNP 34457 3991 31 , , , 34457 3991 32 which which WDT 34457 3991 33 constitute constitute VBP 34457 3991 34 at at IN 34457 3991 35 present present JJ 34457 3991 36 the the DT 34457 3991 37 chief chief JJ 34457 3991 38 source source NN 34457 3991 39 of of IN 34457 3991 40 the the DT 34457 3991 41 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 3991 42 and and CC 34457 3991 43 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 3991 44 of of IN 34457 3991 45 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 3991 46 and and CC 34457 3991 47 potassium potassium NN 34457 3991 48 . . . 34457 3992 1 The the DT 34457 3992 2 investigations investigation NNS 34457 3992 3 , , , 34457 3992 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 3992 5 , , , 34457 3992 6 are be VBP 34457 3992 7 not not RB 34457 3992 8 only only RB 34457 3992 9 of of IN 34457 3992 10 great great JJ 34457 3992 11 geological geological JJ 34457 3992 12 interest interest NN 34457 3992 13 as as IN 34457 3992 14 tending tend VBG 34457 3992 15 to to TO 34457 3992 16 elucidate elucidate VB 34457 3992 17 the the DT 34457 3992 18 conditions condition NNS 34457 3992 19 under under IN 34457 3992 20 which which WDT 34457 3992 21 these these DT 34457 3992 22 salt salt NN 34457 3992 23 - - HYPH 34457 3992 24 beds bed NNS 34457 3992 25 have have VBP 34457 3992 26 been be VBN 34457 3992 27 formed form VBN 34457 3992 28 , , , 34457 3992 29 but but CC 34457 3992 30 are be VBP 34457 3992 31 of of IN 34457 3992 32 no no DT 34457 3992 33 less less JJR 34457 3992 34 importance importance NN 34457 3992 35 for for IN 34457 3992 36 the the DT 34457 3992 37 industrial industrial JJ 34457 3992 38 working working NN 34457 3992 39 of of IN 34457 3992 40 the the DT 34457 3992 41 deposits deposit NNS 34457 3992 42 . . . 34457 3993 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3993 2 is be VBZ 34457 3993 3 , , , 34457 3993 4 however however RB 34457 3993 5 , , , 34457 3993 6 not not RB 34457 3993 7 the the DT 34457 3993 8 intention intention NN 34457 3993 9 to to TO 34457 3993 10 enter enter VB 34457 3993 11 here here RB 34457 3993 12 into into IN 34457 3993 13 any any DT 34457 3993 14 detailed detailed JJ 34457 3993 15 description description NN 34457 3993 16 of of IN 34457 3993 17 the the DT 34457 3993 18 different different JJ 34457 3993 19 systems system NNS 34457 3993 20 which which WDT 34457 3993 21 have have VBP 34457 3993 22 so so RB 34457 3993 23 far far RB 34457 3993 24 been be VBN 34457 3993 25 studied study VBN 34457 3993 26 , , , 34457 3993 27 and and CC 34457 3993 28 of of IN 34457 3993 29 the the DT 34457 3993 30 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 3993 31 very very RB 34457 3993 32 complex complex JJ 34457 3993 33 relationships relationship NNS 34457 3993 34 { { -LRB- 34457 3993 35 312 312 CD 34457 3993 36 } } -RRB- 34457 3993 37 met meet VBD 34457 3993 38 with with IN 34457 3993 39 , , , 34457 3993 40 but but CC 34457 3993 41 merely merely RB 34457 3993 42 to to TO 34457 3993 43 refer refer VB 34457 3993 44 briefly briefly RB 34457 3993 45 to to IN 34457 3993 46 some some DT 34457 3993 47 points point NNS 34457 3993 48 of of IN 34457 3993 49 more more JJR 34457 3993 50 general general JJ 34457 3993 51 import import NN 34457 3993 52 in in IN 34457 3993 53 connection connection NN 34457 3993 54 with with IN 34457 3993 55 these these DT 34457 3993 56 systems system NNS 34457 3993 57 . . . 34457 3994 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3994 2 382 382 CD 34457 3994 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3994 4 Reciprocal Reciprocal NNP 34457 3994 5 Salt Salt NNP 34457 3994 6 - - HYPH 34457 3994 7 Pairs Pairs NNP 34457 3994 8 . . . 34457 3995 1 Choice choice NN 34457 3995 2 of of IN 34457 3995 3 Components.--When Components.--When : 34457 3995 4 two two CD 34457 3995 5 salts salt NNS 34457 3995 6 undergo undergo VBP 34457 3995 7 double double JJ 34457 3995 8 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3995 9 , , , 34457 3995 10 the the DT 34457 3995 11 interaction interaction NN 34457 3995 12 can can MD 34457 3995 13 be be VB 34457 3995 14 expressed express VBN 34457 3995 15 by by IN 34457 3995 16 an an DT 34457 3995 17 equation equation NN 34457 3995 18 such such JJ 34457 3995 19 as as IN 34457 3995 20 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 3995 21 + + CC 34457 3995 22 NaNO_{3 nano_{3 NN 34457 3995 23 } } -RRB- 34457 3995 24 = = NFP 34457 3995 25 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 3995 26 + + SYM 34457 3995 27 NH_{4}NO_{3 nh_{4}no_{3 NN 34457 3995 28 } } -RRB- 34457 3995 29 Since since IN 34457 3995 30 one one CD 34457 3995 31 pair pair NN 34457 3995 32 of of IN 34457 3995 33 salts salt NNS 34457 3995 34 -- -- : 34457 3995 35 NaCl nacl NN 34457 3995 36 + + SYM 34457 3995 37 NH_{4}NO_{3}--is nh_{4}no_{3}--is NN 34457 3995 38 formed form VBN 34457 3995 39 from from IN 34457 3995 40 the the DT 34457 3995 41 other other JJ 34457 3995 42 pair pair NN 34457 3995 43 -- -- : 34457 3995 44 NH_{4}Cl nh_{4}cl NN 34457 3995 45 + + CC 34457 3995 46 NaNO_{3}--by nano_{3}--by NN 34457 3995 47 double double JJ 34457 3995 48 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 3995 49 , , , 34457 3995 50 the the DT 34457 3995 51 two two CD 34457 3995 52 pairs pair NNS 34457 3995 53 of of IN 34457 3995 54 salts salt NNS 34457 3995 55 are be VBP 34457 3995 56 known know VBN 34457 3995 57 as as IN 34457 3995 58 _ _ NNP 34457 3995 59 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 3995 60 salt salt NN 34457 3995 61 - - HYPH 34457 3995 62 pairs pairs NNP 34457 3995 63 _ _ NNP 34457 3995 64 . . . 34457 3996 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 3996 2 383 383 CD 34457 3996 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 3996 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3996 5 is be VBZ 34457 3996 6 with with IN 34457 3996 7 systems system NNS 34457 3996 8 in in IN 34457 3996 9 which which WDT 34457 3996 10 the the DT 34457 3996 11 component component NN 34457 3996 12 salts salt VBZ 34457 3996 13 form form NN 34457 3996 14 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 3996 15 salt salt NN 34457 3996 16 - - HYPH 34457 3996 17 pairs pair NNS 34457 3996 18 that that WDT 34457 3996 19 we -PRON- PRP 34457 3996 20 have have VBP 34457 3996 21 to to TO 34457 3996 22 deal deal VB 34457 3996 23 here here RB 34457 3996 24 . . . 34457 3997 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3997 2 must must MD 34457 3997 3 be be VB 34457 3997 4 noted note VBN 34457 3997 5 , , , 34457 3997 6 however however RB 34457 3997 7 , , , 34457 3997 8 that that IN 34457 3997 9 the the DT 34457 3997 10 four four CD 34457 3997 11 salts salt NNS 34457 3997 12 formed form VBN 34457 3997 13 by by IN 34457 3997 14 two two CD 34457 3997 15 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 3997 16 salt salt NN 34457 3997 17 - - HYPH 34457 3997 18 pairs pair NNS 34457 3997 19 do do VBP 34457 3997 20 not not RB 34457 3997 21 constitute constitute VB 34457 3997 22 a a DT 34457 3997 23 system system NN 34457 3997 24 of of IN 34457 3997 25 four four CD 34457 3997 26 , , , 34457 3997 27 but but CC 34457 3997 28 only only RB 34457 3997 29 of of IN 34457 3997 30 _ _ NNP 34457 3997 31 three three CD 34457 3997 32 _ _ NNP 34457 3997 33 components component NNS 34457 3997 34 . . . 34457 3998 1 This this DT 34457 3998 2 will will MD 34457 3998 3 be be VB 34457 3998 4 understood understand VBN 34457 3998 5 if if IN 34457 3998 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 3998 7 is be VBZ 34457 3998 8 recalled recall VBN 34457 3998 9 that that IN 34457 3998 10 only only RB 34457 3998 11 so so RB 34457 3998 12 many many JJ 34457 3998 13 constituents constituent NNS 34457 3998 14 are be VBP 34457 3998 15 taken take VBN 34457 3998 16 as as IN 34457 3998 17 components component NNS 34457 3998 18 as as IN 34457 3998 19 are be VBP 34457 3998 20 necessary necessary JJ 34457 3998 21 to to IN 34457 3998 22 _ _ NNP 34457 3998 23 express express NNP 34457 3998 24 _ _ NNP 34457 3998 25 the the DT 34457 3998 26 composition composition NN 34457 3998 27 of of IN 34457 3998 28 all all PDT 34457 3998 29 the the DT 34457 3998 30 phases phase NNS 34457 3998 31 present present JJ 34457 3998 32 ( ( -LRB- 34457 3998 33 p. p. NN 34457 3998 34 12 12 CD 34457 3998 35 ) ) -RRB- 34457 3998 36 . . . 34457 3999 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 3999 2 will will MD 34457 3999 3 be be VB 34457 3999 4 seen see VBN 34457 3999 5 , , , 34457 3999 6 now now RB 34457 3999 7 , , , 34457 3999 8 that that IN 34457 3999 9 the the DT 34457 3999 10 composition composition NN 34457 3999 11 of of IN 34457 3999 12 each each DT 34457 3999 13 of of IN 34457 3999 14 the the DT 34457 3999 15 four four CD 34457 3999 16 salts salt NNS 34457 3999 17 which which WDT 34457 3999 18 can can MD 34457 3999 19 be be VB 34457 3999 20 present present JJ 34457 3999 21 together together RB 34457 3999 22 can can MD 34457 3999 23 be be VB 34457 3999 24 expressed express VBN 34457 3999 25 in in IN 34457 3999 26 terms term NNS 34457 3999 27 of of IN 34457 3999 28 three three CD 34457 3999 29 of of IN 34457 3999 30 them -PRON- PRP 34457 3999 31 . . . 34457 4000 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4000 2 , , , 34457 4000 3 for for IN 34457 4000 4 example example NN 34457 4000 5 , , , 34457 4000 6 in in IN 34457 4000 7 the the DT 34457 4000 8 case case NN 34457 4000 9 of of IN 34457 4000 10 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4000 11 , , , 34457 4000 12 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 4000 13 } } -RRB- 34457 4000 14 , , , 34457 4000 15 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 4000 16 } } -RRB- 34457 4000 17 , , , 34457 4000 18 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4000 19 , , , 34457 4000 20 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4000 21 can can MD 34457 4000 22 express express VB 34457 4000 23 the the DT 34457 4000 24 composition composition NN 34457 4000 25 of of IN 34457 4000 26 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4000 27 by by IN 34457 4000 28 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 4000 29 } } -RRB- 34457 4000 30 + + NNP 34457 4000 31 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4000 32 - - HYPH 34457 4000 33 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 4000 34 } } -RRB- 34457 4000 35 ; ; : 34457 4000 36 or or CC 34457 4000 37 of of IN 34457 4000 38 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 4000 39 } } -RRB- 34457 4000 40 by by IN 34457 4000 41 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 4000 42 } } -RRB- 34457 4000 43 + + NNP 34457 4000 44 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4000 45 - - HYPH 34457 4000 46 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4000 47 . . . 34457 4001 1 In in IN 34457 4001 2 all all PDT 34457 4001 3 these these DT 34457 4001 4 cases case NNS 34457 4001 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4001 6 will will MD 34457 4001 7 be be VB 34457 4001 8 seen see VBN 34457 4001 9 that that IN 34457 4001 10 negative negative JJ 34457 4001 11 quantities quantity NNS 34457 4001 12 of of IN 34457 4001 13 one one CD 34457 4001 14 of of IN 34457 4001 15 the the DT 34457 4001 16 components component NNS 34457 4001 17 must must MD 34457 4001 18 be be VB 34457 4001 19 employed employ VBN 34457 4001 20 ; ; : 34457 4001 21 but but CC 34457 4001 22 that that IN 34457 4001 23 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4001 24 have have VBP 34457 4001 25 seen see VBN 34457 4001 26 to to TO 34457 4001 27 be be VB 34457 4001 28 quite quite RB 34457 4001 29 permissible permissible JJ 34457 4001 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4001 31 p. p. NN 34457 4001 32 12 12 CD 34457 4001 33 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4001 34 . . . 34457 4002 1 The the DT 34457 4002 2 number number NN 34457 4002 3 of of IN 34457 4002 4 components component NNS 34457 4002 5 is be VBZ 34457 4002 6 , , , 34457 4002 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 4002 8 , , , 34457 4002 9 three three CD 34457 4002 10 ; ; : 34457 4002 11 but but CC 34457 4002 12 any any DT 34457 4002 13 three three CD 34457 4002 14 of of IN 34457 4002 15 the the DT 34457 4002 16 four four CD 34457 4002 17 salts salt NNS 34457 4002 18 can can MD 34457 4002 19 be be VB 34457 4002 20 chosen choose VBN 34457 4002 21 . . . 34457 4003 1 Since since IN 34457 4003 2 , , , 34457 4003 3 then then RB 34457 4003 4 , , , 34457 4003 5 two two CD 34457 4003 6 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4003 7 salt salt NN 34457 4003 8 - - HYPH 34457 4003 9 pairs pairs NNP 34457 4003 10 constitute constitute VBP 34457 4003 11 only only RB 34457 4003 12 three three CD 34457 4003 13 { { -LRB- 34457 4003 14 313 313 CD 34457 4003 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4003 16 components component NNS 34457 4003 17 or or CC 34457 4003 18 independently independently RB 34457 4003 19 variable variable JJ 34457 4003 20 constituents constituent NNS 34457 4003 21 , , , 34457 4003 22 another another DT 34457 4003 23 component component NN 34457 4003 24 is be VBZ 34457 4003 25 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4003 26 in in IN 34457 4003 27 order order NN 34457 4003 28 to to TO 34457 4003 29 obtain obtain VB 34457 4003 30 a a DT 34457 4003 31 four four CD 34457 4003 32 - - HYPH 34457 4003 33 component component NN 34457 4003 34 system system NN 34457 4003 35 . . . 34457 4004 1 As as IN 34457 4004 2 such such JJ 34457 4004 3 , , , 34457 4004 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4004 5 shall shall MD 34457 4004 6 choose choose VB 34457 4004 7 water water NN 34457 4004 8 . . . 34457 4005 1 Transition Transition NNP 34457 4005 2 Point.--In Point.--In NNP 34457 4005 3 the the DT 34457 4005 4 case case NN 34457 4005 5 of of IN 34457 4005 6 the the DT 34457 4005 7 formation formation NN 34457 4005 8 of of IN 34457 4005 9 double double JJ 34457 4005 10 salts salt NNS 34457 4005 11 from from IN 34457 4005 12 two two CD 34457 4005 13 single single JJ 34457 4005 14 salts salt NNS 34457 4005 15 , , , 34457 4005 16 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4005 17 saw see VBD 34457 4005 18 that that IN 34457 4005 19 there there EX 34457 4005 20 was be VBD 34457 4005 21 a a DT 34457 4005 22 point point NN 34457 4005 23 -- -- : 34457 4005 24 the the DT 34457 4005 25 _ _ NNP 34457 4005 26 quintuple quintuple NN 34457 4005 27 point_--at point_--at NNP 34457 4005 28 which which WDT 34457 4005 29 five five CD 34457 4005 30 phases phase NNS 34457 4005 31 could could MD 34457 4005 32 coexist coexist VB 34457 4005 33 . . . 34457 4006 1 This this DT 34457 4006 2 point point NN 34457 4006 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4006 4 also also RB 34457 4006 5 saw see VBD 34457 4006 6 to to TO 34457 4006 7 be be VB 34457 4006 8 a a DT 34457 4006 9 transition transition NN 34457 4006 10 point point NN 34457 4006 11 , , , 34457 4006 12 on on IN 34457 4006 13 one one CD 34457 4006 14 side side NN 34457 4006 15 of of IN 34457 4006 16 which which WDT 34457 4006 17 the the DT 34457 4006 18 double double JJ 34457 4006 19 salt salt NN 34457 4006 20 , , , 34457 4006 21 on on IN 34457 4006 22 the the DT 34457 4006 23 other other JJ 34457 4006 24 side side NN 34457 4006 25 the the DT 34457 4006 26 two two CD 34457 4006 27 single single JJ 34457 4006 28 salts salt NNS 34457 4006 29 in in IN 34457 4006 30 contact contact NN 34457 4006 31 with with IN 34457 4006 32 solution solution NN 34457 4006 33 , , , 34457 4006 34 were be VBD 34457 4006 35 found find VBN 34457 4006 36 to to TO 34457 4006 37 be be VB 34457 4006 38 the the DT 34457 4006 39 stable stable JJ 34457 4006 40 system system NN 34457 4006 41 . . . 34457 4007 1 A a DT 34457 4007 2 similar similar JJ 34457 4007 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 4007 4 is be VBZ 34457 4007 5 found find VBN 34457 4007 6 in in IN 34457 4007 7 the the DT 34457 4007 8 case case NN 34457 4007 9 of of IN 34457 4007 10 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4007 11 salt salt NN 34457 4007 12 - - HYPH 34457 4007 13 pairs pairs NNP 34457 4007 14 . . . 34457 4008 1 The the DT 34457 4008 2 four four CD 34457 4008 3 - - HYPH 34457 4008 4 component component NN 34457 4008 5 system system NN 34457 4008 6 , , , 34457 4008 7 two two CD 34457 4008 8 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4008 9 salt salt NN 34457 4008 10 - - HYPH 34457 4008 11 pairs pair NNS 34457 4008 12 and and CC 34457 4008 13 water water NN 34457 4008 14 , , , 34457 4008 15 can can MD 34457 4008 16 give give VB 34457 4008 17 rise rise NN 34457 4008 18 to to IN 34457 4008 19 an an DT 34457 4008 20 invariant invariant JJ 34457 4008 21 system system NN 34457 4008 22 in in IN 34457 4008 23 which which WDT 34457 4008 24 the the DT 34457 4008 25 six six CD 34457 4008 26 phases phase NNS 34457 4008 27 , , , 34457 4008 28 four four CD 34457 4008 29 salts salt NNS 34457 4008 30 , , , 34457 4008 31 solution solution NN 34457 4008 32 , , , 34457 4008 33 vapour vapour NN 34457 4008 34 , , , 34457 4008 35 can can MD 34457 4008 36 coexist coexist VB 34457 4008 37 ; ; : 34457 4008 38 the the DT 34457 4008 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 4008 40 at at IN 34457 4008 41 which which WDT 34457 4008 42 this this DT 34457 4008 43 is be VBZ 34457 4008 44 possible possible JJ 34457 4008 45 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 4008 46 a a DT 34457 4008 47 _ _ NNP 34457 4008 48 sextuple sextuple NN 34457 4008 49 point point NN 34457 4008 50 _ _ NNP 34457 4008 51 . . . 34457 4009 1 Now now RB 34457 4009 2 , , , 34457 4009 3 this this DT 34457 4009 4 sextuple sextuple NN 34457 4009 5 point point NN 34457 4009 6 is be VBZ 34457 4009 7 also also RB 34457 4009 8 a a DT 34457 4009 9 transition transition NN 34457 4009 10 point point NN 34457 4009 11 , , , 34457 4009 12 on on IN 34457 4009 13 the the DT 34457 4009 14 one one CD 34457 4009 15 side side NN 34457 4009 16 of of IN 34457 4009 17 which which WDT 34457 4009 18 the the DT 34457 4009 19 one one CD 34457 4009 20 salt salt NN 34457 4009 21 - - HYPH 34457 4009 22 pair pair NN 34457 4009 23 , , , 34457 4009 24 on on IN 34457 4009 25 the the DT 34457 4009 26 other other JJ 34457 4009 27 side side NN 34457 4009 28 the the DT 34457 4009 29 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4009 30 salt salt NN 34457 4009 31 - - HYPH 34457 4009 32 pair pair NN 34457 4009 33 , , , 34457 4009 34 is be VBZ 34457 4009 35 stable stable JJ 34457 4009 36 in in IN 34457 4009 37 contact contact NN 34457 4009 38 with with IN 34457 4009 39 solution solution NN 34457 4009 40 . . . 34457 4010 1 The the DT 34457 4010 2 sextuple sextuple NN 34457 4010 3 point point NN 34457 4010 4 is be VBZ 34457 4010 5 the the DT 34457 4010 6 point point NN 34457 4010 7 of of IN 34457 4010 8 intersection intersection NN 34457 4010 9 of of IN 34457 4010 10 the the DT 34457 4010 11 curves curve NNS 34457 4010 12 of of IN 34457 4010 13 six six CD 34457 4010 14 univariant univariant JJ 34457 4010 15 systems system NNS 34457 4010 16 , , , 34457 4010 17 viz viz NN 34457 4010 18 . . . 34457 4011 1 four four CD 34457 4011 2 solubility solubility NN 34457 4011 3 curves curve NNS 34457 4011 4 with with IN 34457 4011 5 three three CD 34457 4011 6 solid solid JJ 34457 4011 7 phases phase NNS 34457 4011 8 each each DT 34457 4011 9 , , , 34457 4011 10 a a DT 34457 4011 11 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4011 12 - - HYPH 34457 4011 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 4011 14 curve curve NN 34457 4011 15 for for IN 34457 4011 16 the the DT 34457 4011 17 system system NN 34457 4011 18 : : : 34457 4011 19 two two CD 34457 4011 20 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4011 21 salt salt NN 34457 4011 22 - - HYPH 34457 4011 23 pairs pair NNS 34457 4011 24 -- -- : 34457 4011 25 vapour vapour RB 34457 4011 26 ; ; : 34457 4011 27 and and CC 34457 4011 28 a a DT 34457 4011 29 transition transition NN 34457 4011 30 curve curve NN 34457 4011 31 for for IN 34457 4011 32 the the DT 34457 4011 33 condensed condensed JJ 34457 4011 34 system system NN 34457 4011 35 : : : 34457 4011 36 two two CD 34457 4011 37 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4011 38 salt salt NN 34457 4011 39 - - HYPH 34457 4011 40 pairs pair NNS 34457 4011 41 -- -- : 34457 4011 42 solution solution NN 34457 4011 43 . . . 34457 4012 1 If if IN 34457 4012 2 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4012 3 omit omit VBP 34457 4012 4 the the DT 34457 4012 5 vapour vapour NN 34457 4012 6 phase phase NN 34457 4012 7 and and CC 34457 4012 8 work work VB 34457 4012 9 under under IN 34457 4012 10 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 4012 11 pressure pressure NN 34457 4012 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4012 13 in in IN 34457 4012 14 open open JJ 34457 4012 15 vessels vessel NNS 34457 4012 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4012 17 , , , 34457 4012 18 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4012 19 find find VBP 34457 4012 20 that that IN 34457 4012 21 the the DT 34457 4012 22 transition transition NN 34457 4012 23 point point NN 34457 4012 24 is be VBZ 34457 4012 25 the the DT 34457 4012 26 point point NN 34457 4012 27 of of IN 34457 4012 28 intersection intersection NN 34457 4012 29 of of IN 34457 4012 30 four four CD 34457 4012 31 solubility solubility NN 34457 4012 32 curves curve NNS 34457 4012 33 . . . 34457 4013 1 Just just RB 34457 4013 2 as as IN 34457 4013 3 in in IN 34457 4013 4 the the DT 34457 4013 5 case case NN 34457 4013 6 of of IN 34457 4013 7 three three CD 34457 4013 8 - - HYPH 34457 4013 9 component component NN 34457 4013 10 systems system NNS 34457 4013 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4013 12 saw see VBD 34457 4013 13 that that IN 34457 4013 14 the the DT 34457 4013 15 presence presence NN 34457 4013 16 of of IN 34457 4013 17 one one CD 34457 4013 18 of of IN 34457 4013 19 the the DT 34457 4013 20 single single JJ 34457 4013 21 salts salt NNS 34457 4013 22 along along IN 34457 4013 23 with with IN 34457 4013 24 the the DT 34457 4013 25 double double JJ 34457 4013 26 salt salt NN 34457 4013 27 was be VBD 34457 4013 28 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4013 29 in in IN 34457 4013 30 order order NN 34457 4013 31 to to TO 34457 4013 32 give give VB 34457 4013 33 a a DT 34457 4013 34 univariant univariant JJ 34457 4013 35 system system NN 34457 4013 36 , , , 34457 4013 37 so so CC 34457 4013 38 in in IN 34457 4013 39 the the DT 34457 4013 40 four four CD 34457 4013 41 - - HYPH 34457 4013 42 component component NN 34457 4013 43 systems system NNS 34457 4013 44 the the DT 34457 4013 45 presence presence NN 34457 4013 46 of of IN 34457 4013 47 a a DT 34457 4013 48 third third JJ 34457 4013 49 salt salt NN 34457 4013 50 is be VBZ 34457 4013 51 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4013 52 as as IN 34457 4013 53 solid solid JJ 34457 4013 54 phase phase NN 34457 4013 55 along along IN 34457 4013 56 with with IN 34457 4013 57 one one CD 34457 4013 58 of of IN 34457 4013 59 the the DT 34457 4013 60 salt salt NN 34457 4013 61 - - HYPH 34457 4013 62 pairs pair NNS 34457 4013 63 . . . 34457 4014 1 In in IN 34457 4014 2 the the DT 34457 4014 3 case case NN 34457 4014 4 of of IN 34457 4014 5 the the DT 34457 4014 6 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4014 7 salt salt NN 34457 4014 8 - - HYPH 34457 4014 9 pairs pair NNS 34457 4014 10 mentioned mention VBN 34457 4014 11 above above RB 34457 4014 12 , , , 34457 4014 13 the the DT 34457 4014 14 transition transition NN 34457 4014 15 point point NN 34457 4014 16 would would MD 34457 4014 17 be be VB 34457 4014 18 the the DT 34457 4014 19 point point NN 34457 4014 20 of of IN 34457 4014 21 intersection intersection NN 34457 4014 22 of of IN 34457 4014 23 the the DT 34457 4014 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 4014 25 curves curve NNS 34457 4014 26 of of IN 34457 4014 27 the the DT 34457 4014 28 systems system NNS 34457 4014 29 with with IN 34457 4014 30 the the DT 34457 4014 31 following follow VBG 34457 4014 32 groups group NNS 34457 4014 33 of of IN 34457 4014 34 salts salt NNS 34457 4014 35 as as IN 34457 4014 36 solid solid JJ 34457 4014 37 phases phase NNS 34457 4014 38 : : : 34457 4014 39 Below below IN 34457 4014 40 the the DT 34457 4014 41 transition transition NN 34457 4014 42 point point NN 34457 4014 43 : : : 34457 4014 44 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4014 45 + + CC 34457 4014 46 NaNO_{3 nano_{3 NN 34457 4014 47 } } -RRB- 34457 4014 48 + + CC 34457 4014 49 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4014 50 ; ; : 34457 4014 51 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4014 52 + + CC 34457 4014 53 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 4014 54 } } -RRB- 34457 4014 55 + + SYM 34457 4014 56 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 4014 57 } } -RRB- 34457 4014 58 ; ; : 34457 4014 59 above above IN 34457 4014 60 the the DT 34457 4014 61 transition transition NN 34457 4014 62 point point NN 34457 4014 63 : : : 34457 4014 64 NaCl nacl NN 34457 4014 65 + + SYM 34457 4014 66 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 4014 67 } } -RRB- 34457 4014 68 + + CC 34457 4014 69 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 4014 70 } } -RRB- 34457 4014 71 ; ; : 34457 4014 72 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4014 73 + + SYM 34457 4014 74 NH_{4}NO_{3 NH_{4}NO_{3 NNP 34457 4014 75 } } -RRB- 34457 4014 76 + + SYM 34457 4014 77 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4014 78 . . . 34457 4015 1 From from IN 34457 4015 2 this this DT 34457 4015 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4015 4 see see VBP 34457 4015 5 that that IN 34457 4015 6 the the DT 34457 4015 7 two two CD 34457 4015 8 salts salt NNS 34457 4015 9 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4015 10 and and CC 34457 4015 11 NaNO_{3 NaNO_{3 NNP 34457 4015 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4015 13 would would MD 34457 4015 14 be be VB 34457 4015 15 able able JJ 34457 4015 16 to to TO 34457 4015 17 exist exist VB 34457 4015 18 together together RB 34457 4015 19 with with IN 34457 4015 20 solution solution NN 34457 4015 21 below below IN 34457 4015 22 the the DT 34457 4015 23 transition transition NN 34457 4015 24 point point NN 34457 4015 25 , , , 34457 4015 26 but but CC 34457 4015 27 not not RB 34457 4015 28 above above IN 34457 4015 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4015 30 . . . 34457 4016 1 This this DT 34457 4016 2 transition transition NN 34457 4016 3 point point NN 34457 4016 4 has have VBZ 34457 4016 5 not not RB 34457 4016 6 been be VBN 34457 4016 7 determined determine VBN 34457 4016 8 . . . 34457 4017 1 { { -LRB- 34457 4017 2 314 314 CD 34457 4017 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4017 4 Formation Formation NNP 34457 4017 5 of of IN 34457 4017 6 Double Double NNP 34457 4017 7 Salts.--In Salts.--In NNP 34457 4017 8 all all DT 34457 4017 9 cases case NNS 34457 4017 10 of of IN 34457 4017 11 four four CD 34457 4017 12 - - HYPH 34457 4017 13 component component NN 34457 4017 14 systems system NNS 34457 4017 15 so so RB 34457 4017 16 far far RB 34457 4017 17 studied study VBN 34457 4017 18 , , , 34457 4017 19 the the DT 34457 4017 20 transition transition NN 34457 4017 21 points point NNS 34457 4017 22 have have VBP 34457 4017 23 not not RB 34457 4017 24 been be VBN 34457 4017 25 points point NNS 34457 4017 26 at at IN 34457 4017 27 which which WDT 34457 4017 28 one one CD 34457 4017 29 salt salt NN 34457 4017 30 - - HYPH 34457 4017 31 pair pair NN 34457 4017 32 passed pass VBD 34457 4017 33 into into IN 34457 4017 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4017 35 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4017 36 , , , 34457 4017 37 but but CC 34457 4017 38 at at IN 34457 4017 39 which which WDT 34457 4017 40 a a DT 34457 4017 41 double double JJ 34457 4017 42 salt salt NN 34457 4017 43 was be VBD 34457 4017 44 formed form VBN 34457 4017 45 . . . 34457 4018 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4018 2 , , , 34457 4018 3 at at IN 34457 4018 4 4.4 4.4â NN 34457 4018 5 ° ° , 34457 4018 6 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4018 7 's 's POS 34457 4018 8 salt salt NN 34457 4018 9 and and CC 34457 4018 10 potassium potassium NN 34457 4018 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 4018 12 form form NN 34457 4018 13 glaserite glaserite NN 34457 4018 14 and and CC 34457 4018 15 sodium sodium NN 34457 4018 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 4018 17 , , , 34457 4018 18 according accord VBG 34457 4018 19 to to IN 34457 4018 20 the the DT 34457 4018 21 equation equation NN 34457 4018 22 2Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O 2na_{2}so_{4},10h_{2}o CD 34457 4018 23 + + SYM 34457 4018 24 3KCl 3KCl NNP 34457 4018 25 = = SYM 34457 4018 26 K_{3}Na(SO_{4})_{2 k_{3}na(so_{4})_{2 NN 34457 4018 27 } } -RRB- 34457 4018 28 + + CC 34457 4018 29 3NaCl 3nacl NN 34457 4018 30 + + CC 34457 4018 31 20H_{2}O 20h_{2}o CD 34457 4018 32 Above above IN 34457 4018 33 the the DT 34457 4018 34 transition transition NN 34457 4018 35 point point NN 34457 4018 36 , , , 34457 4018 37 therefore therefore RB 34457 4018 38 , , , 34457 4018 39 there there EX 34457 4018 40 would would MD 34457 4018 41 be be VB 34457 4018 42 K_{3}Na(SO_{4})_{2 k_{3}na(so_{4})_{2 NN 34457 4018 43 } } -RRB- 34457 4018 44 , , , 34457 4018 45 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4018 46 and and CC 34457 4018 47 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4018 48 ; ; : 34457 4018 49 and and CC 34457 4018 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4018 51 may may MD 34457 4018 52 be be VB 34457 4018 53 considered consider VBN 34457 4018 54 that that IN 34457 4018 55 at at IN 34457 4018 56 a a DT 34457 4018 57 higher high JJR 34457 4018 58 temperature temperature NN 34457 4018 59 the the DT 34457 4018 60 double double JJ 34457 4018 61 salt salt NN 34457 4018 62 would would MD 34457 4018 63 interact interact VB 34457 4018 64 with with IN 34457 4018 65 the the DT 34457 4018 66 potassium potassium NN 34457 4018 67 chloride chloride NN 34457 4018 68 according accord VBG 34457 4018 69 to to IN 34457 4018 70 the the DT 34457 4018 71 equation equation NN 34457 4018 72 K_{3}Na(SO_{4})_{2 k_{3}na(so_{4})_{2 NN 34457 4018 73 } } -RRB- 34457 4018 74 + + CC 34457 4018 75 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4018 76 = = SYM 34457 4018 77 2K_{2}SO_{4 2k_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 4018 78 } } -RRB- 34457 4018 79 + + CC 34457 4018 80 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4018 81 thus thus RB 34457 4018 82 giving give VBG 34457 4018 83 the the DT 34457 4018 84 reciprocal reciprocal NN 34457 4018 85 of of IN 34457 4018 86 the the DT 34457 4018 87 original original JJ 34457 4018 88 salt salt NN 34457 4018 89 - - HYPH 34457 4018 90 pair pair NN 34457 4018 91 . . . 34457 4019 1 This this DT 34457 4019 2 point point NN 34457 4019 3 has have VBZ 34457 4019 4 , , , 34457 4019 5 however however RB 34457 4019 6 , , , 34457 4019 7 not not RB 34457 4019 8 been be VBN 34457 4019 9 experimentally experimentally RB 34457 4019 10 realized realize VBN 34457 4019 11 . . . 34457 4020 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4020 2 384 384 CD 34457 4020 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4020 4 Transition Transition NNP 34457 4020 5 Interval.--A Interval.--A VBZ 34457 4020 6 double double JJ 34457 4020 7 salt salt NN 34457 4020 8 , , , 34457 4020 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4020 10 learned learn VBD 34457 4020 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4020 12 p. p. NN 34457 4020 13 277 277 CD 34457 4020 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4020 15 , , , 34457 4020 16 when when WRB 34457 4020 17 brought bring VBN 34457 4020 18 in in RP 34457 4020 19 contact contact NN 34457 4020 20 with with IN 34457 4020 21 water water NN 34457 4020 22 at at IN 34457 4020 23 the the DT 34457 4020 24 transition transition NN 34457 4020 25 point point NN 34457 4020 26 undergoes undergo VBZ 34457 4020 27 partial partial JJ 34457 4020 28 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 4020 29 with with IN 34457 4020 30 separation separation NN 34457 4020 31 of of IN 34457 4020 32 one one CD 34457 4020 33 of of IN 34457 4020 34 the the DT 34457 4020 35 constituent constituent NN 34457 4020 36 salts salt NNS 34457 4020 37 ; ; , 34457 4020 38 and and CC 34457 4020 39 only only RB 34457 4020 40 after after IN 34457 4020 41 a a DT 34457 4020 42 certain certain JJ 34457 4020 43 range range NN 34457 4020 44 of of IN 34457 4020 45 temperature temperature NN 34457 4020 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4020 47 transition transition NN 34457 4020 48 interval interval NNP 34457 4020 49 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4020 50 has have VBZ 34457 4020 51 been be VBN 34457 4020 52 passed pass VBN 34457 4020 53 , , , 34457 4020 54 can can MD 34457 4020 55 a a DT 34457 4020 56 pure pure JJ 34457 4020 57 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4020 58 solution solution NN 34457 4020 59 be be VB 34457 4020 60 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4020 61 . . . 34457 4021 1 A a DT 34457 4021 2 similar similar JJ 34457 4021 3 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 4021 4 is be VBZ 34457 4021 5 also also RB 34457 4021 6 found find VBN 34457 4021 7 in in IN 34457 4021 8 the the DT 34457 4021 9 case case NN 34457 4021 10 of of IN 34457 4021 11 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4021 12 salt salt NN 34457 4021 13 - - HYPH 34457 4021 14 pairs pairs NNP 34457 4021 15 . . . 34457 4022 1 If if IN 34457 4022 2 one one CD 34457 4022 3 of of IN 34457 4022 4 the the DT 34457 4022 5 salt salt NN 34457 4022 6 - - HYPH 34457 4022 7 pairs pair NNS 34457 4022 8 is be VBZ 34457 4022 9 brought bring VBN 34457 4022 10 in in IN 34457 4022 11 contact contact NN 34457 4022 12 with with IN 34457 4022 13 water water NN 34457 4022 14 at at IN 34457 4022 15 the the DT 34457 4022 16 transition transition NN 34457 4022 17 point point NN 34457 4022 18 , , , 34457 4022 19 interaction interaction NN 34457 4022 20 will will MD 34457 4022 21 occur occur VB 34457 4022 22 and and CC 34457 4022 23 one one CD 34457 4022 24 of of IN 34457 4022 25 the the DT 34457 4022 26 salts salt NNS 34457 4022 27 of of IN 34457 4022 28 the the DT 34457 4022 29 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4022 30 salt salt NN 34457 4022 31 - - HYPH 34457 4022 32 pair pair NN 34457 4022 33 will will MD 34457 4022 34 be be VB 34457 4022 35 deposited deposit VBN 34457 4022 36 ; ; : 34457 4022 37 and and CC 34457 4022 38 this this DT 34457 4022 39 will will MD 34457 4022 40 be be VB 34457 4022 41 the the DT 34457 4022 42 case case NN 34457 4022 43 throughout throughout IN 34457 4022 44 a a DT 34457 4022 45 certain certain JJ 34457 4022 46 range range NN 34457 4022 47 of of IN 34457 4022 48 temperature temperature NN 34457 4022 49 , , , 34457 4022 50 after after IN 34457 4022 51 which which WDT 34457 4022 52 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4022 53 will will MD 34457 4022 54 be be VB 34457 4022 55 possible possible JJ 34457 4022 56 to to TO 34457 4022 57 prepare prepare VB 34457 4022 58 a a DT 34457 4022 59 solution solution NN 34457 4022 60 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4022 61 only only RB 34457 4022 62 for for IN 34457 4022 63 the the DT 34457 4022 64 one one CD 34457 4022 65 salt salt NN 34457 4022 66 - - HYPH 34457 4022 67 pair pair NN 34457 4022 68 . . . 34457 4023 1 In in IN 34457 4023 2 the the DT 34457 4023 3 case case NN 34457 4023 4 of of IN 34457 4023 5 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4023 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 4023 7 and and CC 34457 4023 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 4023 9 nitrate nitrate VBP 34457 4023 10 the the DT 34457 4023 11 lower low JJR 34457 4023 12 limit limit NN 34457 4023 13 of of IN 34457 4023 14 the the DT 34457 4023 15 transition transition NN 34457 4023 16 interval interval NN 34457 4023 17 is be VBZ 34457 4023 18 5.5 5.5 NNP 34457 4023 19 ° ° NNS 34457 4023 20 , , , 34457 4023 21 so so IN 34457 4023 22 that that IN 34457 4023 23 above above IN 34457 4023 24 this this DT 34457 4023 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 4023 26 and and CC 34457 4023 27 up up IN 34457 4023 28 to to IN 34457 4023 29 that that DT 34457 4023 30 of of IN 34457 4023 31 the the DT 34457 4023 32 transition transition NN 34457 4023 33 point point NN 34457 4023 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4023 35 unknown unknown JJ 34457 4023 36 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4023 37 , , , 34457 4023 38 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4023 39 chloride chloride NN 34457 4023 40 and and CC 34457 4023 41 sodium sodium NN 34457 4023 42 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4023 43 in in IN 34457 4023 44 contact contact NN 34457 4023 45 with with IN 34457 4023 46 water water NN 34457 4023 47 would would MD 34457 4023 48 give give VB 34457 4023 49 rise rise NN 34457 4023 50 to to IN 34457 4023 51 a a DT 34457 4023 52 third third JJ 34457 4023 53 salt salt NN 34457 4023 54 by by IN 34457 4023 55 double double JJ 34457 4023 56 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 4023 57 , , , 34457 4023 58 in in IN 34457 4023 59 this this DT 34457 4023 60 case case NN 34457 4023 61 to to IN 34457 4023 62 sodium sodium NN 34457 4023 63 chloride chloride NN 34457 4023 64 . . . 34457 4024 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4024 2 385 385 CD 34457 4024 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4024 4 { { -LRB- 34457 4024 5 315 315 CD 34457 4024 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4024 7 Graphic Graphic NNP 34457 4024 8 Representation.--For Representation.--For NNP 34457 4024 9 the the DT 34457 4024 10 graphic graphic JJ 34457 4024 11 representation representation NN 34457 4024 12 of of IN 34457 4024 13 systems system NNS 34457 4024 14 of of IN 34457 4024 15 four four CD 34457 4024 16 components component NNS 34457 4024 17 , , , 34457 4024 18 four four CD 34457 4024 19 axes axis NNS 34457 4024 20 may may MD 34457 4024 21 be be VB 34457 4024 22 chosen choose VBN 34457 4024 23 intersecting intersect VBG 34457 4024 24 at at IN 34457 4024 25 a a DT 34457 4024 26 point point NN 34457 4024 27 like like IN 34457 4024 28 the the DT 34457 4024 29 edges edge NNS 34457 4024 30 of of IN 34457 4024 31 a a DT 34457 4024 32 regular regular JJ 34457 4024 33 octahedron octahedron NN 34457 4024 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4024 35 Fig fig NN 34457 4024 36 . . . 34457 4025 1 122 122 CD 34457 4025 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4025 3 . . . 34457 4026 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4026 2 386 386 CD 34457 4026 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4026 4 Along along IN 34457 4026 5 these these DT 34457 4026 6 different different JJ 34457 4026 7 axes axis NNS 34457 4026 8 the the DT 34457 4026 9 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4026 10 molecular molecular JJ 34457 4026 11 amounts amount NNS 34457 4026 12 of of IN 34457 4026 13 the the DT 34457 4026 14 different different JJ 34457 4026 15 salts salt NNS 34457 4026 16 are be VBP 34457 4026 17 measured measure VBN 34457 4026 18 . . . 34457 4027 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4027 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4027 3 : : : 34457 4027 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4027 5 . . . 34457 4028 1 122 122 CD 34457 4028 2 . . . 34457 4028 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4029 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4029 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4029 3 : : : 34457 4029 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4029 5 . . . 34457 4030 1 123 123 CD 34457 4030 2 . . . 34457 4030 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4031 1 To to TO 34457 4031 2 represent represent VB 34457 4031 3 a a DT 34457 4031 4 given given JJ 34457 4031 5 system system NN 34457 4031 6 consisting consist VBG 34457 4031 7 of of IN 34457 4031 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 9 x_B x_B NNP 34457 4031 10 , , , 34457 4031 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 12 y_C y_C NNP 34457 4031 13 , , , 34457 4031 14 and and CC 34457 4031 15 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 16 z_D z_d ADD 34457 4031 17 in in IN 34457 4031 18 a a DT 34457 4031 19 given give VBN 34457 4031 20 amount amount NN 34457 4031 21 of of IN 34457 4031 22 water water NN 34457 4031 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4031 24 where where WRB 34457 4031 25 B B NNP 34457 4031 26 , , , 34457 4031 27 C C NNP 34457 4031 28 , , , 34457 4031 29 and and CC 34457 4031 30 D D NNP 34457 4031 31 represent represent NN 34457 4031 32 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4031 33 molecular molecular JJ 34457 4031 34 amounts amount NNS 34457 4031 35 of of IN 34457 4031 36 the the DT 34457 4031 37 salts salt NNS 34457 4031 38 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4031 39 , , , 34457 4031 40 measure measure VB 34457 4031 41 off off RP 34457 4031 42 on on IN 34457 4031 43 OB OB NNP 34457 4031 44 and and CC 34457 4031 45 OC OC NNP 34457 4031 46 lengths length NNS 34457 4031 47 equal equal JJ 34457 4031 48 to to IN 34457 4031 49 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 50 x x NNP 34457 4031 51 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 52 and and CC 34457 4031 53 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 54 y y NNP 34457 4031 55 _ _ NNP 34457 4031 56 respectively respectively RB 34457 4031 57 . . . 34457 4032 1 The the DT 34457 4032 2 point point NN 34457 4032 3 of of IN 34457 4032 4 intersection intersection NN 34457 4032 5 _ _ IN 34457 4032 6 a a DT 34457 4032 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4032 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4032 9 Fig fig NN 34457 4032 10 . . . 34457 4033 1 122 122 LS 34457 4033 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4033 3 represents represent VBZ 34457 4033 4 a a DT 34457 4033 5 solution solution NN 34457 4033 6 containing contain VBG 34457 4033 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 8 x_B x_B NNP 34457 4033 9 and and CC 34457 4033 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 11 y_C y_C . 34457 4033 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4033 13 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 14 ab ab NNP 34457 4033 15 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 16 = = SYM 34457 4033 17 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 18 x x NNP 34457 4033 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 20 ; ; : 34457 4033 21 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 22 ac ac NNP 34457 4033 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 24 = = SYM 34457 4033 25 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 26 y y NNP 34457 4033 27 _ _ NNP 34457 4033 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4033 29 . . . 34457 4034 1 From from IN 34457 4034 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4034 3 a a DT 34457 4034 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4034 5 a a DT 34457 4034 6 line line NN 34457 4034 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4034 8 a_P a_p NN 34457 4034 9 is be VBZ 34457 4034 10 drawn draw VBN 34457 4034 11 parallel parallel JJ 34457 4034 12 to to IN 34457 4034 13 OD OD NNP 34457 4034 14 and and CC 34457 4034 15 equal equal JJ 34457 4034 16 to to IN 34457 4034 17 _ _ NNP 34457 4034 18 z z NNP 34457 4034 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4034 20 . . . 34457 4035 1 P p NN 34457 4035 2 then then RB 34457 4035 3 represents represent VBZ 34457 4035 4 the the DT 34457 4035 5 solution solution NN 34457 4035 6 of of IN 34457 4035 7 the the DT 34457 4035 8 above above JJ 34457 4035 9 composition composition NN 34457 4035 10 . . . 34457 4036 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4036 2 is be VBZ 34457 4036 3 usual usual JJ 34457 4036 4 , , , 34457 4036 5 however however RB 34457 4036 6 , , , 34457 4036 7 not not RB 34457 4036 8 to to TO 34457 4036 9 employ employ VB 34457 4036 10 the the DT 34457 4036 11 three three CD 34457 4036 12 - - HYPH 34457 4036 13 dimensional dimensional JJ 34457 4036 14 figure figure NN 34457 4036 15 , , , 34457 4036 16 but but CC 34457 4036 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4036 18 horizontal horizontal JJ 34457 4036 19 and and CC 34457 4036 20 vertical vertical JJ 34457 4036 21 projections projection NNS 34457 4036 22 . . . 34457 4037 1 Fig fig NN 34457 4037 2 . . . 34457 4038 1 122 122 CD 34457 4038 2 , , , 34457 4038 3 if if IN 34457 4038 4 projected project VBN 34457 4038 5 on on IN 34457 4038 6 the the DT 34457 4038 7 base base NN 34457 4038 8 of of IN 34457 4038 9 the the DT 34457 4038 10 octahedron octahedron NNP 34457 4038 11 , , , 34457 4038 12 would would MD 34457 4038 13 yield yield VB 34457 4038 14 a a DT 34457 4038 15 diagram diagram NN 34457 4038 16 such such JJ 34457 4038 17 as as IN 34457 4038 18 is be VBZ 34457 4038 19 shown show VBN 34457 4038 20 in in IN 34457 4038 21 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4038 22 . . . 34457 4039 1 123 123 CD 34457 4039 2 . . . 34457 4040 1 The the DT 34457 4040 2 projection projection NN 34457 4040 3 of of IN 34457 4040 4 the the DT 34457 4040 5 edges edge NNS 34457 4040 6 of of IN 34457 4040 7 the the DT 34457 4040 8 octahedron octahedron NNP 34457 4040 9 form form NN 34457 4040 10 two two CD 34457 4040 11 axes axis NNS 34457 4040 12 at at IN 34457 4040 13 right right JJ 34457 4040 14 angles angle NNS 34457 4040 15 and and CC 34457 4040 16 give give VB 34457 4040 17 rise rise NN 34457 4040 18 to to IN 34457 4040 19 four four CD 34457 4040 20 quadrants quadrant NNS 34457 4040 21 similar similar JJ 34457 4040 22 to to IN 34457 4040 23 those those DT 34457 4040 24 employed employ VBN 34457 4040 25 for for IN 34457 4040 26 the the DT 34457 4040 27 representation representation NN 34457 4040 28 of of IN 34457 4040 29 ternary ternary JJ 34457 4040 30 solutions solution NNS 34457 4040 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4040 32 p. p. NN 34457 4040 33 273 273 CD 34457 4040 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4040 35 . . . 34457 4041 1 Here here RB 34457 4041 2 , , , 34457 4041 3 the the DT 34457 4041 4 point point NN 34457 4041 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4041 6 a a DT 34457 4041 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4041 8 represents represent VBZ 34457 4041 9 a a DT 34457 4041 10 ternary ternary JJ 34457 4041 11 solution solution NN 34457 4041 12 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4041 13 with with IN 34457 4041 14 respect respect NN 34457 4041 15 to to IN 34457 4041 16 B b NN 34457 4041 17 and and CC 34457 4041 18 C C NNP 34457 4041 19 ; ; : 34457 4041 20 and and CC 34457 4041 21 _ _ NNP 34457 4041 22 a_P a_P NNP 34457 4041 23 , , , 34457 4041 24 quaternary quaternary NN 34457 4041 25 solutions solution NNS 34457 4041 26 in in IN 34457 4041 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4041 28 with with IN 34457 4041 29 the the DT 34457 4041 30 same same JJ 34457 4041 31 two two CD 34457 4041 32 salts salt NNS 34457 4041 33 as as IN 34457 4041 34 solid solid JJ 34457 4041 35 phases phase NNS 34457 4041 36 . . . 34457 4042 1 Such such PDT 34457 4042 2 a a DT 34457 4042 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 4042 4 represents represent VBZ 34457 4042 5 the the DT 34457 4042 6 conditions condition NNS 34457 4042 7 of of IN 34457 4042 8 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4042 9 only only RB 34457 4042 10 for for IN 34457 4042 11 one one CD 34457 4042 12 definite definite JJ 34457 4042 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 4042 14 , , , 34457 4042 15 and and CC 34457 4042 16 corresponds correspond NNS 34457 4042 17 , , , 34457 4042 18 therefore therefore RB 34457 4042 19 , , , 34457 4042 20 to to IN 34457 4042 21 the the DT 34457 4042 22 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 4042 23 diagrams diagram NNS 34457 4042 24 for for IN 34457 4042 25 ternary ternary JJ 34457 4042 26 systems system NNS 34457 4042 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4042 28 p. p. NN 34457 4042 29 273 273 CD 34457 4042 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4042 31 . . . 34457 4043 1 In in IN 34457 4043 2 such such PDT 34457 4043 3 a a DT 34457 4043 4 diagram diagram NN 34457 4043 5 , , , 34457 4043 6 since since IN 34457 4043 7 the the DT 34457 4043 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 4043 9 and and CC 34457 4043 10 { { -LRB- 34457 4043 11 316 316 CD 34457 4043 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4043 13 pressure pressure NN 34457 4043 14 are be VBP 34457 4043 15 constant constant JJ 34457 4043 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4043 17 vessels vessel NNS 34457 4043 18 open open JJ 34457 4043 19 to to IN 34457 4043 20 the the DT 34457 4043 21 air air NN 34457 4043 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4043 23 , , , 34457 4043 24 a a DT 34457 4043 25 surface surface NN 34457 4043 26 will will MD 34457 4043 27 represent represent VB 34457 4043 28 a a DT 34457 4043 29 solution solution NN 34457 4043 30 in in IN 34457 4043 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4043 32 with with IN 34457 4043 33 only only RB 34457 4043 34 one one CD 34457 4043 35 solid solid JJ 34457 4043 36 phase phase NN 34457 4043 37 ; ; : 34457 4043 38 a a DT 34457 4043 39 line line NN 34457 4043 40 , , , 34457 4043 41 a a DT 34457 4043 42 solution solution NN 34457 4043 43 with with IN 34457 4043 44 two two CD 34457 4043 45 solid solid JJ 34457 4043 46 phases phase NNS 34457 4043 47 , , , 34457 4043 48 and and CC 34457 4043 49 a a DT 34457 4043 50 point point NN 34457 4043 51 , , , 34457 4043 52 one one CD 34457 4043 53 in in IN 34457 4043 54 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4043 55 with with IN 34457 4043 56 three three CD 34457 4043 57 solid solid JJ 34457 4043 58 phases phase NNS 34457 4043 59 . . . 34457 4044 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4044 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4044 3 : : : 34457 4044 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4044 5 . . . 34457 4045 1 124 124 CD 34457 4045 2 . . . 34457 4045 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4046 1 Example.--As example.--as VB 34457 4046 2 an an DT 34457 4046 3 example example NN 34457 4046 4 of of IN 34457 4046 5 the the DT 34457 4046 6 complete complete JJ 34457 4046 7 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 4046 8 diagram diagram NN 34457 4046 9 , , , 34457 4046 10 there there EX 34457 4046 11 may may MD 34457 4046 12 be be VB 34457 4046 13 given give VBN 34457 4046 14 one one CD 34457 4046 15 representing represent VBG 34457 4046 16 the the DT 34457 4046 17 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 4046 18 in in IN 34457 4046 19 the the DT 34457 4046 20 system system NN 34457 4046 21 composed compose VBN 34457 4046 22 of of IN 34457 4046 23 water water NN 34457 4046 24 and and CC 34457 4046 25 the the DT 34457 4046 26 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4046 27 salt salt NN 34457 4046 28 - - HYPH 34457 4046 29 pair pair NN 34457 4046 30 sodium sodium NN 34457 4046 31 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4046 32 -- -- : 34457 4046 33 potassium potassium NN 34457 4046 34 chloride chloride NN 34457 4046 35 for for IN 34457 4046 36 the the DT 34457 4046 37 temperature temperature NN 34457 4046 38 0 0â NN 34457 4046 39 ° ° , 34457 4046 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4046 41 Fig fig NN 34457 4046 42 . . . 34457 4047 1 124 124 CD 34457 4047 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4047 3 . . . 34457 4048 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4048 2 387 387 CD 34457 4048 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4048 4 The the DT 34457 4048 5 amounts amount NNS 34457 4048 6 of of IN 34457 4048 7 the the DT 34457 4048 8 different different JJ 34457 4048 9 salts salt NNS 34457 4048 10 are be VBP 34457 4048 11 measured measure VBN 34457 4048 12 along along IN 34457 4048 13 the the DT 34457 4048 14 four four CD 34457 4048 15 axes axis NNS 34457 4048 16 , , , 34457 4048 17 and and CC 34457 4048 18 the the DT 34457 4048 19 composition composition NN 34457 4048 20 of of IN 34457 4048 21 the the DT 34457 4048 22 solution solution NN 34457 4048 23 is be VBZ 34457 4048 24 { { -LRB- 34457 4048 25 317 317 CD 34457 4048 26 } } -RRB- 34457 4048 27 expressed express VBN 34457 4048 28 in in IN 34457 4048 29 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4048 30 gram gram NN 34457 4048 31 - - HYPH 34457 4048 32 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4048 33 per per IN 34457 4048 34 1000 1000 CD 34457 4048 35 gram gram NN 34457 4048 36 - - HYPH 34457 4048 37 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4048 38 of of IN 34457 4048 39 water water NN 34457 4048 40 . . . 34457 4049 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4049 2 388 388 CD 34457 4049 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4049 4 The the DT 34457 4049 5 outline outline NN 34457 4049 6 of of IN 34457 4049 7 this this DT 34457 4049 8 figure figure NN 34457 4049 9 represents represent VBZ 34457 4049 10 four four CD 34457 4049 11 ternary ternary JJ 34457 4049 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 4049 13 in in IN 34457 4049 14 which which WDT 34457 4049 15 the the DT 34457 4049 16 component component NN 34457 4049 17 salts salt NNS 34457 4049 18 have have VBP 34457 4049 19 a a DT 34457 4049 20 common common JJ 34457 4049 21 acid acid NN 34457 4049 22 or or CC 34457 4049 23 basic basic JJ 34457 4049 24 constituent constituent NN 34457 4049 25 ; ; : 34457 4049 26 viz viz NN 34457 4049 27 . . . 34457 4050 1 sodium sodium NN 34457 4050 2 chloride chloride NN 34457 4050 3 -- -- : 34457 4050 4 sodium sodium NN 34457 4050 5 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4050 6 , , , 34457 4050 7 sodium sodium NN 34457 4050 8 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4050 9 -- -- : 34457 4050 10 potassium potassium NN 34457 4050 11 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4050 12 , , , 34457 4050 13 potassium potassium NN 34457 4050 14 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4050 15 -- -- : 34457 4050 16 potassium potassium NN 34457 4050 17 chloride chloride NN 34457 4050 18 , , , 34457 4050 19 potassium potassium NN 34457 4050 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 4050 21 -- -- : 34457 4050 22 sodium sodium NN 34457 4050 23 chloride chloride NN 34457 4050 24 . . . 34457 4051 1 These these DT 34457 4051 2 four four CD 34457 4051 3 sets set NNS 34457 4051 4 of of IN 34457 4051 5 curves curve NNS 34457 4051 6 are be VBP 34457 4051 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 4051 8 similar similar JJ 34457 4051 9 to to IN 34457 4051 10 those those DT 34457 4051 11 discussed discuss VBN 34457 4051 12 in in IN 34457 4051 13 the the DT 34457 4051 14 previous previous JJ 34457 4051 15 chapter chapter NN 34457 4051 16 . . . 34457 4052 1 In in IN 34457 4052 2 the the DT 34457 4052 3 case case NN 34457 4052 4 of of IN 34457 4052 5 sodium sodium NN 34457 4052 6 and and CC 34457 4052 7 potassium potassium NN 34457 4052 8 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4052 9 , , , 34457 4052 10 a a DT 34457 4052 11 double double JJ 34457 4052 12 salt salt NN 34457 4052 13 , , , 34457 4052 14 _ _ NNP 34457 4052 15 glaserite glaserite NN 34457 4052 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4052 17 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4052 18 K_{3}Na(SO_{4})_{2 K_{3}Na(SO_{4})_{2 NNP 34457 4052 19 } } -RRB- 34457 4052 20 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4052 21 is be VBZ 34457 4052 22 formed form VBN 34457 4052 23 . . . 34457 4053 1 Whether whether IN 34457 4053 2 glaserite glaserite NN 34457 4053 3 is be VBZ 34457 4053 4 really really RB 34457 4053 5 a a DT 34457 4053 6 definite definite JJ 34457 4053 7 compound compound NN 34457 4053 8 or or CC 34457 4053 9 not not RB 34457 4053 10 is be VBZ 34457 4053 11 still still RB 34457 4053 12 a a DT 34457 4053 13 matter matter NN 34457 4053 14 of of IN 34457 4053 15 doubt doubt NN 34457 4053 16 , , , 34457 4053 17 since since IN 34457 4053 18 isomorphic isomorphic JJ 34457 4053 19 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 4053 20 of of IN 34457 4053 21 Na_{2}SO_{4 na_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 4053 22 } } -RRB- 34457 4053 23 and and CC 34457 4053 24 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4053 25 } } -RRB- 34457 4053 26 have have VBP 34457 4053 27 been be VBN 34457 4053 28 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4053 29 . . . 34457 4054 1 According accord VBG 34457 4054 2 to to IN 34457 4054 3 van't van't JJ 34457 4054 4 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4054 5 and and CC 34457 4054 6 Barscholl,[389 Barscholl,[389 NNP 34457 4054 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4054 8 glaserite glaserite NNP 34457 4054 9 is be VBZ 34457 4054 10 an an DT 34457 4054 11 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 4054 12 mixture mixture NN 34457 4054 13 ; ; : 34457 4054 14 but but CC 34457 4054 15 Gossner[390 Gossner[390 NNP 34457 4054 16 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4054 17 considers consider VBZ 34457 4054 18 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4054 19 to to TO 34457 4054 20 be be VB 34457 4054 21 a a DT 34457 4054 22 definite definite JJ 34457 4054 23 compound compound NN 34457 4054 24 having have VBG 34457 4054 25 the the DT 34457 4054 26 formula formula NN 34457 4054 27 K_{3}Na(SO_{4})_{2 k_{3}na(so_{4})_{2 NN 34457 4054 28 } } -RRB- 34457 4054 29 . . . 34457 4055 1 Points point NNS 34457 4055 2 VIII viii VBP 34457 4055 3 . . . 34457 4056 1 and and CC 34457 4056 2 IX IX NNP 34457 4056 3 . . . 34457 4057 1 represent represent NN 34457 4057 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 4057 3 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4057 4 with with IN 34457 4057 5 respect respect NN 34457 4057 6 to to IN 34457 4057 7 glaserite glaserite NN 34457 4057 8 and and CC 34457 4057 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 4057 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4057 11 , , , 34457 4057 12 and and CC 34457 4057 13 glaserite glaserite JJ 34457 4057 14 and and CC 34457 4057 15 potassium potassium NN 34457 4057 16 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4057 17 respectively respectively RB 34457 4057 18 . . . 34457 4058 1 The the DT 34457 4058 2 lines line NNS 34457 4058 3 which which WDT 34457 4058 4 pass pass VBP 34457 4058 5 inwards inward NNS 34457 4058 6 from from IN 34457 4058 7 these these DT 34457 4058 8 boundary boundary JJ 34457 4058 9 curves curve NNS 34457 4058 10 represent represent VBP 34457 4058 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 4058 12 containing contain VBG 34457 4058 13 three three CD 34457 4058 14 salts salt NNS 34457 4058 15 , , , 34457 4058 16 but but CC 34457 4058 17 in in IN 34457 4058 18 contact contact NN 34457 4058 19 with with IN 34457 4058 20 only only RB 34457 4058 21 two two CD 34457 4058 22 solid solid JJ 34457 4058 23 phases phase NNS 34457 4058 24 ; ; : 34457 4058 25 and and CC 34457 4058 26 the the DT 34457 4058 27 points point NNS 34457 4058 28 where where WRB 34457 4058 29 three three CD 34457 4058 30 lines line NNS 34457 4058 31 meet meet VBP 34457 4058 32 , , , 34457 4058 33 or or CC 34457 4058 34 where where WRB 34457 4058 35 three three CD 34457 4058 36 fields field NNS 34457 4058 37 meet meet VBP 34457 4058 38 , , , 34457 4058 39 represent represent VBP 34457 4058 40 solutions solution NNS 34457 4058 41 in in IN 34457 4058 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4058 43 with with IN 34457 4058 44 three three CD 34457 4058 45 solid solid JJ 34457 4058 46 phases phase NNS 34457 4058 47 ; ; , 34457 4058 48 with with IN 34457 4058 49 the the DT 34457 4058 50 phases phase NNS 34457 4058 51 , , , 34457 4058 52 namely namely RB 34457 4058 53 , , , 34457 4058 54 belonging belong VBG 34457 4058 55 to to IN 34457 4058 56 the the DT 34457 4058 57 three three CD 34457 4058 58 concurrent concurrent JJ 34457 4058 59 fields field NNS 34457 4058 60 . . . 34457 4059 1 If if IN 34457 4059 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4059 3 is be VBZ 34457 4059 4 desired desire VBN 34457 4059 5 to to TO 34457 4059 6 represent represent VB 34457 4059 7 a a DT 34457 4059 8 solution solution NN 34457 4059 9 containing contain VBG 34457 4059 10 the the DT 34457 4059 11 salts salt NNS 34457 4059 12 say say VBP 34457 4059 13 in in IN 34457 4059 14 the the DT 34457 4059 15 proportions proportion NNS 34457 4059 16 , , , 34457 4059 17 51Na_{2}Cl_{2 51na_{2}cl_{2 CD 34457 4059 18 } } -RRB- 34457 4059 19 , , , 34457 4059 20 9.5K_{2}Cl_{2 9.5k_{2}cl_{2 CD 34457 4059 21 } } -RRB- 34457 4059 22 , , , 34457 4059 23 3.5K_{2}SO_{4 3.5k_{2}so_{4 CD 34457 4059 24 } } -RRB- 34457 4059 25 , , , 34457 4059 26 the the DT 34457 4059 27 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 4059 28 is be VBZ 34457 4059 29 met meet VBN 34457 4059 30 with with IN 34457 4059 31 that that DT 34457 4059 32 two two CD 34457 4059 33 of of IN 34457 4059 34 the the DT 34457 4059 35 salts salt NNS 34457 4059 36 , , , 34457 4059 37 sodium sodium NN 34457 4059 38 chloride chloride NN 34457 4059 39 and and CC 34457 4059 40 potassium potassium NN 34457 4059 41 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4059 42 , , , 34457 4059 43 lie lie VB 34457 4059 44 on on IN 34457 4059 45 opposite opposite JJ 34457 4059 46 axes axis NNS 34457 4059 47 . . . 34457 4060 1 To to TO 34457 4060 2 overcome overcome VB 34457 4060 3 this this DT 34457 4060 4 difficulty difficulty NN 34457 4060 5 the the DT 34457 4060 6 difference difference NN 34457 4060 7 51 51 CD 34457 4060 8 - - SYM 34457 4060 9 3.5 3.5 CD 34457 4060 10 = = SYM 34457 4060 11 47.5 47.5 CD 34457 4060 12 is be VBZ 34457 4060 13 taken take VBN 34457 4060 14 and and CC 34457 4060 15 measured measure VBN 34457 4060 16 off off RP 34457 4060 17 along along IN 34457 4060 18 the the DT 34457 4060 19 sodium sodium NN 34457 4060 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 4060 21 axis axi NNS 34457 4060 22 ; ; : 34457 4060 23 and and CC 34457 4060 24 the the DT 34457 4060 25 solution solution NN 34457 4060 26 is be VBZ 34457 4060 27 therefore therefore RB 34457 4060 28 represented represent VBN 34457 4060 29 by by IN 34457 4060 30 the the DT 34457 4060 31 point point NN 34457 4060 32 47.5Na_{2}Cl_{2 47.5na_{2}cl_{2 CD 34457 4060 33 } } -RRB- 34457 4060 34 , , , 34457 4060 35 9.5K_{2}Cl_{2 9.5k_{2}cl_{2 CD 34457 4060 36 } } -RRB- 34457 4060 37 . . . 34457 4061 1 In in IN 34457 4061 2 order order NN 34457 4061 3 , , , 34457 4061 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 4061 5 , , , 34457 4061 6 to to TO 34457 4061 7 find find VB 34457 4061 8 the the DT 34457 4061 9 amount amount NN 34457 4061 10 of of IN 34457 4061 11 potassium potassium NN 34457 4061 12 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4061 13 present present JJ 34457 4061 14 { { -LRB- 34457 4061 15 318 318 CD 34457 4061 16 } } -RRB- 34457 4061 17 from from IN 34457 4061 18 such such PDT 34457 4061 19 a a DT 34457 4061 20 diagram diagram NN 34457 4061 21 , , , 34457 4061 22 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4061 23 is be VBZ 34457 4061 24 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4061 25 to to TO 34457 4061 26 know know VB 34457 4061 27 the the DT 34457 4061 28 total total JJ 34457 4061 29 number number NN 34457 4061 30 of of IN 34457 4061 31 salt salt NN 34457 4061 32 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4061 33 in in IN 34457 4061 34 the the DT 34457 4061 35 solution solution NN 34457 4061 36 . . . 34457 4062 1 When when WRB 34457 4062 2 this this DT 34457 4062 3 is be VBZ 34457 4062 4 known know VBN 34457 4062 5 , , , 34457 4062 6 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4062 7 is be VBZ 34457 4062 8 only only RB 34457 4062 9 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4062 10 to to TO 34457 4062 11 subtract subtract VB 34457 4062 12 from from IN 34457 4062 13 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4062 14 the the DT 34457 4062 15 sum sum NN 34457 4062 16 of of IN 34457 4062 17 the the DT 34457 4062 18 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4062 19 of of IN 34457 4062 20 sodium sodium NN 34457 4062 21 and and CC 34457 4062 22 potassium potassium NN 34457 4062 23 chloride chloride NN 34457 4062 24 , , , 34457 4062 25 and and CC 34457 4062 26 the the DT 34457 4062 27 result result NN 34457 4062 28 is be VBZ 34457 4062 29 equal equal JJ 34457 4062 30 to to TO 34457 4062 31 twice twice PDT 34457 4062 32 the the DT 34457 4062 33 number number NN 34457 4062 34 of of IN 34457 4062 35 potassium potassium NN 34457 4062 36 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4062 37 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4062 38 . . . 34457 4063 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4063 2 , , , 34457 4063 3 in in IN 34457 4063 4 the the DT 34457 4063 5 above above JJ 34457 4063 6 example example NN 34457 4063 7 , , , 34457 4063 8 the the DT 34457 4063 9 total total JJ 34457 4063 10 number number NN 34457 4063 11 of of IN 34457 4063 12 salt salt NN 34457 4063 13 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4063 14 is be VBZ 34457 4063 15 64 64 CD 34457 4063 16 . . . 34457 4064 1 The the DT 34457 4064 2 number number NN 34457 4064 3 of of IN 34457 4064 4 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4064 5 of of IN 34457 4064 6 sodium sodium NN 34457 4064 7 and and CC 34457 4064 8 potassium potassium NN 34457 4064 9 chloride chloride NN 34457 4064 10 is be VBZ 34457 4064 11 57 57 CD 34457 4064 12 ; ; : 34457 4064 13 64 64 CD 34457 4064 14 - - SYM 34457 4064 15 57 57 CD 34457 4064 16 = = SYM 34457 4064 17 7 7 CD 34457 4064 18 , , , 34457 4064 19 and and CC 34457 4064 20 therefore therefore RB 34457 4064 21 the the DT 34457 4064 22 number number NN 34457 4064 23 of of IN 34457 4064 24 potassium potassium NN 34457 4064 25 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4064 26 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4064 27 is be VBZ 34457 4064 28 3.5 3.5 CD 34457 4064 29 . . . 34457 4065 1 Another another DT 34457 4065 2 method method NN 34457 4065 3 of of IN 34457 4065 4 representation representation NN 34457 4065 5 employed employ VBN 34457 4065 6 is be VBZ 34457 4065 7 to to TO 34457 4065 8 indicate indicate VB 34457 4065 9 the the DT 34457 4065 10 amounts amount NNS 34457 4065 11 of of IN 34457 4065 12 only only RB 34457 4065 13 two two CD 34457 4065 14 of of IN 34457 4065 15 the the DT 34457 4065 16 salts salt NNS 34457 4065 17 in in IN 34457 4065 18 a a DT 34457 4065 19 plane plane NN 34457 4065 20 diagram diagram NN 34457 4065 21 , , , 34457 4065 22 and and CC 34457 4065 23 to to TO 34457 4065 24 measure measure VB 34457 4065 25 off off RP 34457 4065 26 the the DT 34457 4065 27 total total JJ 34457 4065 28 number number NN 34457 4065 29 of of IN 34457 4065 30 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4065 31 along along IN 34457 4065 32 a a DT 34457 4065 33 vertical vertical JJ 34457 4065 34 axis axis NN 34457 4065 35 . . . 34457 4066 1 In in IN 34457 4066 2 this this DT 34457 4066 3 way way NN 34457 4066 4 a a DT 34457 4066 5 solid solid JJ 34457 4066 6 model model NN 34457 4066 7 is be VBZ 34457 4066 8 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4066 9 . . . 34457 4067 1 The the DT 34457 4067 2 numerical numerical JJ 34457 4067 3 data data NN 34457 4067 4 from from IN 34457 4067 5 which which WDT 34457 4067 6 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4067 7 . . . 34457 4068 1 124 124 CD 34457 4068 2 was be VBD 34457 4068 3 constructed construct VBN 34457 4068 4 are be VBP 34457 4068 5 contained contain VBN 34457 4068 6 in in IN 34457 4068 7 the the DT 34457 4068 8 following follow VBG 34457 4068 9 table table NN 34457 4068 10 , , , 34457 4068 11 which which WDT 34457 4068 12 gives give VBZ 34457 4068 13 the the DT 34457 4068 14 composition composition NN 34457 4068 15 of of IN 34457 4068 16 the the DT 34457 4068 17 different different JJ 34457 4068 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 4068 19 at at IN 34457 4068 20 0 0â NN 34457 4068 21 ° ° NNS 34457 4068 22 :--[391 :--[391 . 34457 4068 23 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4068 24 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4068 25 | | CD 34457 4068 26 | | CD 34457 4068 27 | | CD 34457 4068 28 | | CD 34457 4068 29 Point Point NNP 34457 4068 30 . . . 34457 4069 1 | | JJ 34457 4069 2 Solid solid JJ 34457 4069 3 phases phase NNS 34457 4069 4 . . . 34457 4070 1 | | NNP 34457 4070 2 | | CD 34457 4070 3 | | CD 34457 4070 4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NN 34457 4070 5 I. i. NN 34457 4071 1 | | NNP 34457 4071 2 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4071 3 | | HYPH 34457 4071 4 | | NNP 34457 4071 5 | | NNP 34457 4071 6 II II NNP 34457 4071 7 . . . 34457 4072 1 | | NNP 34457 4072 2 KCl KCl NNP 34457 4072 3 | | NNP 34457 4072 4 | | CD 34457 4072 5 | | NNP 34457 4072 6 III iii CD 34457 4072 7 . . . 34457 4073 1 | | NNP 34457 4073 2 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 4073 3 | | NNP 34457 4073 4 | | NNP 34457 4073 5 | | NNP 34457 4073 6 IV IV NNP 34457 4073 7 . . . 34457 4074 1 | | NNP 34457 4074 2 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4074 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4074 4 | | NNP 34457 4074 5 | | NNP 34457 4074 6 | | NNP 34457 4074 7 V. V. NNP 34457 4074 8 | | NNP 34457 4074 9 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4074 10 ; ; : 34457 4074 11 KCl KCl NNP 34457 4074 12 | | NNP 34457 4074 13 | | CD 34457 4074 14 | | NNP 34457 4074 15 VI VI NNP 34457 4074 16 . . . 34457 4075 1 | | NNP 34457 4075 2 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4075 3 ; ; : 34457 4075 4 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 4075 5 | | NNP 34457 4075 6 | | NNP 34457 4075 7 | | NNP 34457 4075 8 VII vii NN 34457 4075 9 . . . 34457 4076 1 | | JJ 34457 4076 2 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4076 3 ; ; : 34457 4076 4 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4076 5 } } -RRB- 34457 4076 6 | | NNP 34457 4076 7 | | CD 34457 4076 8 | | CD 34457 4076 9 VIII viii NN 34457 4076 10 . . . 34457 4077 1 | | NNP 34457 4077 2 { { -LRB- 34457 4077 3 Glaserite Glaserite NNP 34457 4077 4 ; ; : 34457 4077 5 } } -RRB- 34457 4077 6 | | CD 34457 4077 7 | | NNS 34457 4077 8 { { -LRB- 34457 4077 9 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 4077 10 } } -RRB- 34457 4077 11 | | NNP 34457 4077 12 | | CD 34457 4077 13 | | CD 34457 4077 14 IX ix NN 34457 4077 15 . . . 34457 4078 1 | | NNP 34457 4078 2 Glaserite Glaserite NNP 34457 4078 3 ; ; : 34457 4078 4 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4078 5 } } -RRB- 34457 4078 6 | | NNP 34457 4078 7 | | NNP 34457 4078 8 | | NNS 34457 4078 9 X. x. NN 34457 4079 1 | | NNP 34457 4079 2 { { -LRB- 34457 4079 3 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 4079 4 ; ; : 34457 4079 5 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4079 6 ; ; : 34457 4079 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4079 8 | | CD 34457 4079 9 | | CD 34457 4079 10 { { -LRB- 34457 4079 11 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4079 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4079 13 | | NNP 34457 4079 14 | | CD 34457 4079 15 | | CD 34457 4079 16 XI XI NNP 34457 4079 17 . . . 34457 4080 1 | | NNP 34457 4080 2 { { -LRB- 34457 4080 3 Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O Na_{2}SO_{4},10H_{2}O NNP 34457 4080 4 ; ; : 34457 4080 5 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4080 6 ; ; : 34457 4080 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4080 8 | | CD 34457 4080 9 | | CD 34457 4080 10 { { -LRB- 34457 4080 11 glaserite glaserite NNP 34457 4080 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4080 13 | | NNP 34457 4080 14 | | NNP 34457 4080 15 | | NNP 34457 4080 16 XII xii NN 34457 4080 17 . . . 34457 4081 1 | | NNP 34457 4081 2 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4081 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4081 4 ; ; : 34457 4081 5 KCl KCl NNP 34457 4081 6 ; ; : 34457 4081 7 glaserite glaserite JJ 34457 4081 8 | | CD 34457 4081 9 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4081 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4081 11 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34457 4081 12 's 's POS 34457 4081 13 note note NN 34457 4081 14 : : : 34457 4081 15 table table NN 34457 4081 16 continued continue VBD 34457 4081 17 below below RB 34457 4081 18 ... ... NFP 34457 4081 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4081 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4081 21 Composition composition NN 34457 4081 22 of of IN 34457 4081 23 solution solution NN 34457 4081 24 in in IN 34457 4081 25 gram gram NN 34457 4081 26 - - HYPH 34457 4081 27 mols mol NNS 34457 4081 28 . . . 34457 4082 1 | | NNP 34457 4082 2 Total total NN 34457 4082 3 per per IN 34457 4082 4 1000 1000 CD 34457 4082 5 gram gram NN 34457 4082 6 - - HYPH 34457 4082 7 mols mol NNS 34457 4082 8 . . . 34457 4083 1 water water NN 34457 4083 2 . . . 34457 4084 1 | | CD 34457 4084 2 number number NN 34457 4084 3 -------------------------------------------------------------| -------------------------------------------------------------| NN 34457 4084 4 of of IN 34457 4084 5 salt salt NN 34457 4084 6 Na_{2}Cl_{2 Na_{2}Cl_{2 NNP 34457 4084 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4084 8 . . . 34457 4085 1 | | NNP 34457 4085 2 K_{2}Cl_{2 K_{2}Cl_{2 NNP 34457 4085 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4085 4 . . . 34457 4086 1 | | NNP 34457 4086 2 Na_{2}SO_{4 Na_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4086 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4086 4 . . . 34457 4087 1 | | NNP 34457 4087 2 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4087 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4087 4 . . . 34457 4088 1 | | NNP 34457 4088 2 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4088 3 . . . 34457 4089 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4089 2 55 55 CD 34457 4089 3 | | CD 34457 4089 4 -- -- : 34457 4089 5 | | JJ 34457 4089 6 -- -- : 34457 4089 7 | | NNP 34457 4089 8 -- -- : 34457 4089 9 | | CD 34457 4089 10 55 55 CD 34457 4089 11 | | CD 34457 4089 12 | | CD 34457 4089 13 | | CD 34457 4089 14 | | CD 34457 4089 15 -- -- : 34457 4089 16 | | CD 34457 4089 17 34.5 34.5 CD 34457 4089 18 | | CD 34457 4089 19 -- -- : 34457 4089 20 | | NNP 34457 4089 21 -- -- : 34457 4089 22 | | CD 34457 4089 23 34.5 34.5 CD 34457 4089 24 | | CD 34457 4089 25 | | CD 34457 4089 26 | | CD 34457 4089 27 | | CD 34457 4089 28 -- -- : 34457 4089 29 | | NNP 34457 4089 30 -- -- : 34457 4089 31 | | CD 34457 4089 32 6 6 CD 34457 4089 33 | | CD 34457 4089 34 -- -- : 34457 4089 35 | | CD 34457 4089 36 6 6 CD 34457 4089 37 | | CD 34457 4089 38 | | CD 34457 4089 39 | | CD 34457 4089 40 | | CD 34457 4089 41 -- -- : 34457 4089 42 | | JJ 34457 4089 43 -- -- : 34457 4089 44 | | NNP 34457 4089 45 -- -- : 34457 4089 46 | | CD 34457 4089 47 9 9 CD 34457 4089 48 | | CD 34457 4089 49 9 9 CD 34457 4089 50 | | CD 34457 4089 51 | | CD 34457 4089 52 | | CD 34457 4089 53 | | CD 34457 4089 54 46.5 46.5 CD 34457 4089 55 | | CD 34457 4089 56 12.5 12.5 CD 34457 4089 57 | | CD 34457 4089 58 -- -- : 34457 4089 59 | | NNP 34457 4089 60 -- -- : 34457 4089 61 | | CD 34457 4089 62 59 59 CD 34457 4089 63 | | CD 34457 4089 64 | | CD 34457 4089 65 | | CD 34457 4089 66 | | CD 34457 4089 67 47.5 47.5 CD 34457 4089 68 | | CD 34457 4089 69 -- -- : 34457 4089 70 | | CD 34457 4089 71 8 8 CD 34457 4089 72 | | CD 34457 4089 73 -- -- : 34457 4089 74 | | CD 34457 4089 75 55.5 55.5 CD 34457 4089 76 | | CD 34457 4089 77 | | CD 34457 4089 78 | | CD 34457 4089 79 | | CD 34457 4089 80 -- -- : 34457 4089 81 | | CD 34457 4089 82 34.5 34.5 CD 34457 4089 83 | | CD 34457 4089 84 -- -- : 34457 4089 85 | | NNP 34457 4089 86 1 1 CD 34457 4089 87 | | CD 34457 4089 88 35.5 35.5 CD 34457 4089 89 | | CD 34457 4089 90 | | CD 34457 4089 91 | | CD 34457 4089 92 | | CD 34457 4089 93 -- -- : 34457 4089 94 | | NNP 34457 4089 95 -- -- : 34457 4089 96 | | CD 34457 4089 97 10 10 CD 34457 4089 98 | | CD 34457 4089 99 10 10 CD 34457 4089 100 | | CD 34457 4089 101 20 20 CD 34457 4089 102 | | CD 34457 4089 103 | | CD 34457 4089 104 | | CD 34457 4089 105 | | CD 34457 4089 106 | | CD 34457 4089 107 | | CD 34457 4089 108 | | CD 34457 4089 109 | | CD 34457 4089 110 -- -- : 34457 4089 111 | | NNP 34457 4089 112 -- -- : 34457 4089 113 | | CD 34457 4089 114 7.5 7.5 CD 34457 4089 115 | | CD 34457 4089 116 10 10 CD 34457 4089 117 | | CD 34457 4089 118 17.5 17.5 CD 34457 4089 119 | | CD 34457 4089 120 | | CD 34457 4089 121 | | CD 34457 4089 122 | | CD 34457 4089 123 51 51 CD 34457 4089 124 | | CD 34457 4089 125 9.5 9.5 CD 34457 4089 126 | | CD 34457 4089 127 -- -- : 34457 4089 128 | | NNP 34457 4089 129 3.5 3.5 CD 34457 4089 130 | | CD 34457 4089 131 64 64 CD 34457 4089 132 | | CD 34457 4089 133 | | CD 34457 4089 134 | | CD 34457 4089 135 | | CD 34457 4089 136 | | CD 34457 4089 137 | | CD 34457 4089 138 | | CD 34457 4089 139 | | CD 34457 4089 140 40.5 40.5 CD 34457 4089 141 | | CD 34457 4089 142 13 13 CD 34457 4089 143 | | CD 34457 4089 144 -- -- : 34457 4089 145 | | NNP 34457 4089 146 3.5 3.5 CD 34457 4089 147 | | CD 34457 4089 148 57 57 CD 34457 4089 149 | | CD 34457 4089 150 | | CD 34457 4089 151 | | CD 34457 4089 152 | | CD 34457 4089 153 | | CD 34457 4089 154 | | CD 34457 4089 155 | | CD 34457 4089 156 | | CD 34457 4089 157 18 18 CD 34457 4089 158 | | CD 34457 4089 159 23 23 CD 34457 4089 160 | | CD 34457 4089 161 -- -- : 34457 4089 162 | | CD 34457 4089 163 3 3 CD 34457 4089 164 | | CD 34457 4089 165 44 44 CD 34457 4089 166 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CD 34457 4089 167 From from IN 34457 4089 168 the the DT 34457 4089 169 aspect aspect NN 34457 4089 170 of of IN 34457 4089 171 these these DT 34457 4089 172 diagrams diagram NNS 34457 4089 173 the the DT 34457 4089 174 conditions condition NNS 34457 4089 175 under under IN 34457 4089 176 which which WDT 34457 4089 177 the the DT 34457 4089 178 salts salt NNS 34457 4089 179 can can MD 34457 4089 180 coexist coexist VB 34457 4089 181 can can MD 34457 4089 182 be be VB 34457 4089 183 read read VBN 34457 4089 184 at at IN 34457 4089 185 a a DT 34457 4089 186 glance glance NN 34457 4089 187 . . . 34457 4090 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4090 2 , , , 34457 4090 3 { { -LRB- 34457 4090 4 319 319 CD 34457 4090 5 } } -RRB- 34457 4090 6 for for IN 34457 4090 7 example example NN 34457 4090 8 , , , 34457 4090 9 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4090 10 . . . 34457 4091 1 124 124 CD 34457 4091 2 shows show VBZ 34457 4091 3 that that IN 34457 4091 4 at at IN 34457 4091 5 0 0â NN 34457 4091 6 ° ° , 34457 4091 7 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4091 8 's 's POS 34457 4091 9 salt salt NN 34457 4091 10 and and CC 34457 4091 11 potassium potassium NN 34457 4091 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 4091 13 can can MD 34457 4091 14 exist exist VB 34457 4091 15 together together RB 34457 4091 16 with with IN 34457 4091 17 solution solution NN 34457 4091 18 ; ; : 34457 4091 19 namely namely RB 34457 4091 20 , , , 34457 4091 21 in in IN 34457 4091 22 contact contact NN 34457 4091 23 with with IN 34457 4091 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 4091 25 having have VBG 34457 4091 26 the the DT 34457 4091 27 composition composition NN 34457 4091 28 X x NN 34457 4091 29 -- -- : 34457 4091 30 XI XI NNP 34457 4091 31 . . . 34457 4092 1 This this DT 34457 4092 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 4092 3 must must MD 34457 4092 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 4092 5 be be VB 34457 4092 6 below below IN 34457 4092 7 the the DT 34457 4092 8 transition transition NN 34457 4092 9 point point NN 34457 4092 10 of of IN 34457 4092 11 this this DT 34457 4092 12 salt salt NN 34457 4092 13 - - HYPH 34457 4092 14 pair pair NN 34457 4092 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4092 16 p. p. NN 34457 4092 17 314 314 CD 34457 4092 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4092 19 . . . 34457 4093 1 On on IN 34457 4093 2 raising raise VBG 34457 4093 3 the the DT 34457 4093 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 4093 5 to to IN 34457 4093 6 4.4 4.4â NN 34457 4093 7 ° ° NNS 34457 4093 8 , , , 34457 4093 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4093 10 is be VBZ 34457 4093 11 found find VBN 34457 4093 12 that that IN 34457 4093 13 the the DT 34457 4093 14 curve curve NN 34457 4093 15 VIII.--XI viii.--xi NN 34457 4093 16 . . . 34457 4094 1 moves move NNS 34457 4094 2 so so IN 34457 4094 3 that that IN 34457 4094 4 the the DT 34457 4094 5 point point NN 34457 4094 6 XI XI NNP 34457 4094 7 . . . 34457 4095 1 coincides coincide VBZ 34457 4095 2 with with IN 34457 4095 3 point point NN 34457 4095 4 X. X. NNP 34457 4096 1 At at IN 34457 4096 2 this this DT 34457 4096 3 point point NN 34457 4096 4 , , , 34457 4096 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 4096 6 , , , 34457 4096 7 there there EX 34457 4096 8 will will MD 34457 4096 9 be be VB 34457 4096 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4096 11 four four CD 34457 4096 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4096 13 concurrent concurrent JJ 34457 4096 14 fields field NNS 34457 4096 15 , , , 34457 4096 16 viz viz NN 34457 4096 17 . . . 34457 4097 1 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4097 2 's 's POS 34457 4097 3 salt salt NN 34457 4097 4 , , , 34457 4097 5 potassium potassium NN 34457 4097 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 4097 7 , , , 34457 4097 8 glaserite glaserite JJ 34457 4097 9 , , , 34457 4097 10 and and CC 34457 4097 11 sodium sodium NN 34457 4097 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 4097 13 . . . 34457 4098 1 But but CC 34457 4098 2 these these DT 34457 4098 3 four four CD 34457 4098 4 salts salt NNS 34457 4098 5 can can MD 34457 4098 6 coexist coexist VB 34457 4098 7 with with IN 34457 4098 8 solution solution NN 34457 4098 9 only only RB 34457 4098 10 at at IN 34457 4098 11 the the DT 34457 4098 12 transition transition NN 34457 4098 13 point point NN 34457 4098 14 ; ; : 34457 4098 15 so so CC 34457 4098 16 that that IN 34457 4098 17 4.4 4.4â NN 34457 4098 18 ° ° , 34457 4098 19 is be VBZ 34457 4098 20 the the DT 34457 4098 21 transition transition NN 34457 4098 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 4098 23 of of IN 34457 4098 24 the the DT 34457 4098 25 salt salt NN 34457 4098 26 - - HYPH 34457 4098 27 pair pair NN 34457 4098 28 : : : 34457 4098 29 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4098 30 's 's POS 34457 4098 31 salt salt NN 34457 4098 32 -- -- : 34457 4098 33 potassium potassium NN 34457 4098 34 chloride chloride NN 34457 4098 35 . . . 34457 4099 1 At at IN 34457 4099 2 higher high JJR 34457 4099 3 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4099 4 the the DT 34457 4099 5 line line NN 34457 4099 6 VIII.--XI viii.--xi NN 34457 4099 7 . . . 34457 4100 1 moves move NNS 34457 4100 2 still still RB 34457 4100 3 further further RB 34457 4100 4 to to IN 34457 4100 5 the the DT 34457 4100 6 left left NN 34457 4100 7 , , , 34457 4100 8 so so IN 34457 4100 9 that that IN 34457 4100 10 the the DT 34457 4100 11 field field NN 34457 4100 12 for for IN 34457 4100 13 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4100 14 's 's POS 34457 4100 15 salt salt NN 34457 4100 16 becomes become VBZ 34457 4100 17 entirely entirely RB 34457 4100 18 separated separate VBN 34457 4100 19 from from IN 34457 4100 20 the the DT 34457 4100 21 field field NN 34457 4100 22 for for IN 34457 4100 23 potassium potassium NN 34457 4100 24 chloride chloride NN 34457 4100 25 . . . 34457 4101 1 This this DT 34457 4101 2 shows show VBZ 34457 4101 3 that that IN 34457 4101 4 at at IN 34457 4101 5 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4101 6 above above IN 34457 4101 7 the the DT 34457 4101 8 transition transition NN 34457 4101 9 point point NN 34457 4101 10 the the DT 34457 4101 11 salt salt NN 34457 4101 12 - - HYPH 34457 4101 13 pair pair NN 34457 4101 14 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4101 15 's 's POS 34457 4101 16 salt salt NN 34457 4101 17 -- -- : 34457 4101 18 potassium potassium NN 34457 4101 19 chloride chloride NN 34457 4101 20 can can MD 34457 4101 21 not not RB 34457 4101 22 coexist coexist VB 34457 4101 23 in in IN 34457 4101 24 presence presence NN 34457 4101 25 of of IN 34457 4101 26 solution solution NN 34457 4101 27 . . . 34457 4102 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4102 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4102 3 : : : 34457 4102 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4102 5 . . . 34457 4103 1 125 125 CD 34457 4103 2 . . . 34457 4103 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4104 1 If if IN 34457 4104 2 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4104 3 is be VBZ 34457 4104 4 only only RB 34457 4104 5 desired desire VBN 34457 4104 6 to to TO 34457 4104 7 indicate indicate VB 34457 4104 8 the the DT 34457 4104 9 mutual mutual JJ 34457 4104 10 relationships relationship NNS 34457 4104 11 of of IN 34457 4104 12 the the DT 34457 4104 13 different different JJ 34457 4104 14 components component NNS 34457 4104 15 and and CC 34457 4104 16 the the DT 34457 4104 17 conditions condition NNS 34457 4104 18 for for IN 34457 4104 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4104 20 coexistence coexistence NN 34457 4104 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4104 22 _ _ NNP 34457 4104 23 paragenesis paragenesis NN 34457 4104 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4104 25 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4104 26 , , , 34457 4104 27 a a DT 34457 4104 28 simpler simple JJR 34457 4104 29 diagram diagram NN 34457 4104 30 than than IN 34457 4104 31 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4104 32 . . . 34457 4105 1 124 124 CD 34457 4105 2 can can MD 34457 4105 3 be be VB 34457 4105 4 employed employ VBN 34457 4105 5 . . . 34457 4106 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4106 2 if if IN 34457 4106 3 the the DT 34457 4106 4 boundary boundary JJ 34457 4106 5 curves curve NNS 34457 4106 6 of of IN 34457 4106 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4106 8 . . . 34457 4107 1 124 124 CD 34457 4107 2 are be VBP 34457 4107 3 so so RB 34457 4107 4 drawn drawn JJ 34457 4107 5 that that IN 34457 4107 6 they -PRON- PRP 34457 4107 7 cut cut VBD 34457 4107 8 one one CD 34457 4107 9 another another DT 34457 4107 10 at at IN 34457 4107 11 right right JJ 34457 4107 12 angles angle NNS 34457 4107 13 , , , 34457 4107 14 a a DT 34457 4107 15 figure figure NN 34457 4107 16 such such JJ 34457 4107 17 as as IN 34457 4107 18 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4107 19 . . . 34457 4108 1 125 125 CD 34457 4108 2 is be VBZ 34457 4108 3 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4108 4 , , , 34457 4108 5 the the DT 34457 4108 6 Roman roman JJ 34457 4108 7 numerals numeral NNS 34457 4108 8 here here RB 34457 4108 9 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 4108 10 with with IN 34457 4108 11 those those DT 34457 4108 12 in in IN 34457 4108 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4108 14 . . . 34457 4109 1 124 124 CD 34457 4109 2 . . . 34457 4110 1 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 4110 2 - - HYPH 34457 4110 3 Soda Soda NNP 34457 4110 4 Process.--One Process.--One NNP 34457 4110 5 of of IN 34457 4110 6 the the DT 34457 4110 7 most most RBS 34457 4110 8 important important JJ 34457 4110 9 applications application NNS 34457 4110 10 of of IN 34457 4110 11 the the DT 34457 4110 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 4110 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 4110 14 to to IN 34457 4110 15 systems system NNS 34457 4110 16 of of IN 34457 4110 17 four four CD 34457 4110 18 components component NNS 34457 4110 19 with with IN 34457 4110 20 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4110 21 salt salt NN 34457 4110 22 - - HYPH 34457 4110 23 pairs pairs NNP 34457 4110 24 has have VBZ 34457 4110 25 recently recently RB 34457 4110 26 been be VBN 34457 4110 27 made make VBN 34457 4110 28 by by IN 34457 4110 29 Fedotieff[392 fedotieff[392 CD 34457 4110 30 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4110 31 in in IN 34457 4110 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4110 33 investigations investigation NNS 34457 4110 34 of of IN 34457 4110 35 the the DT 34457 4110 36 conditions condition NNS 34457 4110 37 for for IN 34457 4110 38 the the DT 34457 4110 39 formation formation NN 34457 4110 40 of of IN 34457 4110 41 sodium sodium NN 34457 4110 42 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 4110 43 by by IN 34457 4110 44 the the DT 34457 4110 45 so so RB 34457 4110 46 - - HYPH 34457 4110 47 called call VBN 34457 4110 48 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 4110 49 - - HYPH 34457 4110 50 soda soda NNP 34457 4110 51 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4110 52 Solvay Solvay NNP 34457 4110 53 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4110 54 { { -LRB- 34457 4110 55 320 320 CD 34457 4110 56 } } -RRB- 34457 4110 57 process process NN 34457 4110 58 . . . 34457 4111 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4111 2 393 393 CD 34457 4111 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4111 4 This this DT 34457 4111 5 process process NN 34457 4111 6 consists consist VBZ 34457 4111 7 , , , 34457 4111 8 as as IN 34457 4111 9 is be VBZ 34457 4111 10 well well RB 34457 4111 11 known known JJ 34457 4111 12 , , , 34457 4111 13 in in IN 34457 4111 14 passing pass VBG 34457 4111 15 carbon carbon NN 34457 4111 16 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4111 17 through through IN 34457 4111 18 a a DT 34457 4111 19 solution solution NN 34457 4111 20 of of IN 34457 4111 21 common common JJ 34457 4111 22 salt salt NN 34457 4111 23 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4111 24 with with IN 34457 4111 25 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 4111 26 . . . 34457 4112 1 Whatever whatever WDT 34457 4112 2 differences difference NNS 34457 4112 3 of of IN 34457 4112 4 detail detail NN 34457 4112 5 there there EX 34457 4112 6 may may MD 34457 4112 7 be be VB 34457 4112 8 in in IN 34457 4112 9 the the DT 34457 4112 10 process process NN 34457 4112 11 as as IN 34457 4112 12 carried carry VBN 34457 4112 13 out out RP 34457 4112 14 in in IN 34457 4112 15 different different JJ 34457 4112 16 manufactories manufactory NNS 34457 4112 17 , , , 34457 4112 18 the the DT 34457 4112 19 reaction reaction NN 34457 4112 20 which which WDT 34457 4112 21 forms form VBZ 34457 4112 22 the the DT 34457 4112 23 basis basis NN 34457 4112 24 of of IN 34457 4112 25 the the DT 34457 4112 26 process process NN 34457 4112 27 is be VBZ 34457 4112 28 that that IN 34457 4112 29 represented represent VBN 34457 4112 30 by by IN 34457 4112 31 the the DT 34457 4112 32 equation equation NN 34457 4112 33 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4112 34 + + SYM 34457 4112 35 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 NN 34457 4112 36 } } -RRB- 34457 4112 37 = = NFP 34457 4112 38 NaHCO_{3 nahco_{3 ADD 34457 4112 39 } } -RRB- 34457 4112 40 + + CC 34457 4112 41 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4112 42 We -PRON- PRP 34457 4112 43 are be VBP 34457 4112 44 dealing deal VBG 34457 4112 45 here here RB 34457 4112 46 , , , 34457 4112 47 therefore therefore RB 34457 4112 48 , , , 34457 4112 49 with with IN 34457 4112 50 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4112 51 salt salt NN 34457 4112 52 - - HYPH 34457 4112 53 pairs pair NNS 34457 4112 54 , , , 34457 4112 55 the the DT 34457 4112 56 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 4112 57 of of IN 34457 4112 58 which which WDT 34457 4112 59 has have VBZ 34457 4112 60 just just RB 34457 4112 61 been be VBN 34457 4112 62 discussed discuss VBN 34457 4112 63 in in IN 34457 4112 64 the the DT 34457 4112 65 preceding precede VBG 34457 4112 66 pages page NNS 34457 4112 67 . . . 34457 4113 1 The the DT 34457 4113 2 present present JJ 34457 4113 3 case case NN 34457 4113 4 is be VBZ 34457 4113 5 , , , 34457 4113 6 however however RB 34457 4113 7 , , , 34457 4113 8 simpler simple JJR 34457 4113 9 than than IN 34457 4113 10 that that DT 34457 4113 11 of of IN 34457 4113 12 the the DT 34457 4113 13 salt salt NN 34457 4113 14 - - HYPH 34457 4113 15 pair pair NN 34457 4113 16 Na_{2}SO_{4}.10H_{2}O na_{2}so_{4}.10h_{2}o NN 34457 4113 17 + + CC 34457 4113 18 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4113 19 , , , 34457 4113 20 inasmuch inasmuch JJ 34457 4113 21 as as IN 34457 4113 22 under under IN 34457 4113 23 the the DT 34457 4113 24 conditions condition NNS 34457 4113 25 of of IN 34457 4113 26 experiment experiment NN 34457 4113 27 neither neither DT 34457 4113 28 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4113 29 nor nor CC 34457 4113 30 double double JJ 34457 4113 31 salts salt NNS 34457 4113 32 are be VBP 34457 4113 33 formed form VBN 34457 4113 34 . . . 34457 4114 1 Since since IN 34457 4114 2 the the DT 34457 4114 3 study study NN 34457 4114 4 of of IN 34457 4114 5 the the DT 34457 4114 6 reaction reaction NN 34457 4114 7 is be VBZ 34457 4114 8 rendered render VBN 34457 4114 9 more more RBR 34457 4114 10 difficult difficult JJ 34457 4114 11 on on IN 34457 4114 12 account account NN 34457 4114 13 of of IN 34457 4114 14 the the DT 34457 4114 15 fact fact NN 34457 4114 16 that that IN 34457 4114 17 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4114 18 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4114 19 in in IN 34457 4114 20 solution solution NN 34457 4114 21 , , , 34457 4114 22 when when WRB 34457 4114 23 under under IN 34457 4114 24 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 4114 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 4114 26 , , , 34457 4114 27 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 4114 28 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 4114 29 at at IN 34457 4114 30 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4114 31 above above IN 34457 4114 32 15 15 NNP 34457 4114 33 ° ° NNS 34457 4114 34 , , , 34457 4114 35 this this DT 34457 4114 36 temperature temperature NN 34457 4114 37 was be VBD 34457 4114 38 the the DT 34457 4114 39 one one NN 34457 4114 40 chosen choose VBN 34457 4114 41 for for IN 34457 4114 42 the the DT 34457 4114 43 detailed detailed JJ 34457 4114 44 investigation investigation NN 34457 4114 45 of of IN 34457 4114 46 the the DT 34457 4114 47 conditions condition NNS 34457 4114 48 of of IN 34457 4114 49 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4114 50 . . . 34457 4115 1 Since since IN 34457 4115 2 , , , 34457 4115 3 further further RB 34457 4115 4 , , , 34457 4115 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4115 6 has have VBZ 34457 4115 7 been be VBN 34457 4115 8 shown show VBN 34457 4115 9 by by IN 34457 4115 10 Bodländer[394 Bodländer[394 NNP 34457 4115 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4115 12 that that IN 34457 4115 13 the the DT 34457 4115 14 bicarbonates bicarbonate NNS 34457 4115 15 possess possess VBP 34457 4115 16 a a DT 34457 4115 17 definite definite JJ 34457 4115 18 solubility solubility NN 34457 4115 19 only only RB 34457 4115 20 when when WRB 34457 4115 21 the the DT 34457 4115 22 pressure pressure NN 34457 4115 23 of of IN 34457 4115 24 carbon carbon NN 34457 4115 25 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4115 26 in in IN 34457 4115 27 the the DT 34457 4115 28 solution solution NN 34457 4115 29 has have VBZ 34457 4115 30 a a DT 34457 4115 31 definite definite JJ 34457 4115 32 value value NN 34457 4115 33 , , , 34457 4115 34 the the DT 34457 4115 35 measurements measurement NNS 34457 4115 36 were be VBD 34457 4115 37 carried carry VBN 34457 4115 38 out out RP 34457 4115 39 in in IN 34457 4115 40 solutions solution NNS 34457 4115 41 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4115 42 with with IN 34457 4115 43 this this DT 34457 4115 44 gas gas NN 34457 4115 45 . . . 34457 4116 1 This this DT 34457 4116 2 , , , 34457 4116 3 however however RB 34457 4116 4 , , , 34457 4116 5 does do VBZ 34457 4116 6 not not RB 34457 4116 7 constitute constitute VB 34457 4116 8 another another DT 34457 4116 9 component component NN 34457 4116 10 , , , 34457 4116 11 because because IN 34457 4116 12 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4116 13 have have VBP 34457 4116 14 made make VBN 34457 4116 15 the the DT 34457 4116 16 restriction restriction NN 34457 4116 17 that that IN 34457 4116 18 the the DT 34457 4116 19 sum sum NN 34457 4116 20 of of IN 34457 4116 21 the the DT 34457 4116 22 partial partial JJ 34457 4116 23 pressures pressure NNS 34457 4116 24 of of IN 34457 4116 25 carbon carbon NN 34457 4116 26 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4116 27 and and CC 34457 4116 28 water water NN 34457 4116 29 vapour vapour NN 34457 4116 30 is be VBZ 34457 4116 31 equal equal JJ 34457 4116 32 to to IN 34457 4116 33 1 1 CD 34457 4116 34 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 4116 35 . . . 34457 4117 1 The the DT 34457 4117 2 concentration concentration NN 34457 4117 3 of of IN 34457 4117 4 the the DT 34457 4117 5 carbon carbon NN 34457 4117 6 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4117 7 is be VBZ 34457 4117 8 , , , 34457 4117 9 therefore therefore RB 34457 4117 10 , , , 34457 4117 11 not not RB 34457 4117 12 independently independently RB 34457 4117 13 variable variable JJ 34457 4117 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4117 15 p. p. NN 34457 4117 16 10 10 CD 34457 4117 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4117 18 . . . 34457 4118 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4118 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4118 3 : : : 34457 4118 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4118 5 . . . 34457 4119 1 126 126 CD 34457 4119 2 . . . 34457 4119 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4120 1 In in IN 34457 4120 2 order order NN 34457 4120 3 to to TO 34457 4120 4 obtain obtain VB 34457 4120 5 the the DT 34457 4120 6 data datum NNS 34457 4120 7 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4120 8 for for IN 34457 4120 9 a a DT 34457 4120 10 discussion discussion NN 34457 4120 11 of of IN 34457 4120 12 the the DT 34457 4120 13 conditions condition NNS 34457 4120 14 of of IN 34457 4120 15 soda soda NN 34457 4120 16 formation formation NN 34457 4120 17 by by IN 34457 4120 18 the the DT 34457 4120 19 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 4120 20 - - HYPH 34457 4120 21 soda soda NN 34457 4120 22 process process NN 34457 4120 23 , , , 34457 4120 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 4120 25 determinations determination NNS 34457 4120 26 with with IN 34457 4120 27 the the DT 34457 4120 28 four four CD 34457 4120 29 salts salt NNS 34457 4120 30 , , , 34457 4120 31 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4120 32 , , , 34457 4120 33 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4120 34 , , , 34457 4120 35 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 CD 34457 4120 36 } } -RRB- 34457 4120 37 , , , 34457 4120 38 and and CC 34457 4120 39 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4120 40 } } -RRB- 34457 4120 41 were be VBD 34457 4120 42 made make VBN 34457 4120 43 , , , 34457 4120 44 first first RB 34457 4120 45 with with IN 34457 4120 46 the the DT 34457 4120 47 single single JJ 34457 4120 48 salts salt NNS 34457 4120 49 and and CC 34457 4120 50 then then RB 34457 4120 51 { { -LRB- 34457 4120 52 321 321 CD 34457 4120 53 } } -RRB- 34457 4120 54 with with IN 34457 4120 55 the the DT 34457 4120 56 salts salt NNS 34457 4120 57 in in IN 34457 4120 58 pairs pair NNS 34457 4120 59 . . . 34457 4121 1 The the DT 34457 4121 2 results result NNS 34457 4121 3 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4121 4 are be VBP 34457 4121 5 represented represent VBN 34457 4121 6 graphically graphically RB 34457 4121 7 in in IN 34457 4121 8 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4121 9 . . . 34457 4122 1 126 126 CD 34457 4122 2 , , , 34457 4122 3 which which WDT 34457 4122 4 is be VBZ 34457 4122 5 an an DT 34457 4122 6 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 4122 7 diagram diagram NN 34457 4122 8 similar similar JJ 34457 4122 9 to to IN 34457 4122 10 that that DT 34457 4122 11 given give VBN 34457 4122 12 by by IN 34457 4122 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4122 14 . . . 34457 4123 1 124 124 CD 34457 4123 2 . . . 34457 4124 1 The the DT 34457 4124 2 points point NNS 34457 4124 3 I. I. NNP 34457 4124 4 , , , 34457 4124 5 II II NNP 34457 4124 6 . . NNP 34457 4124 7 , , , 34457 4124 8 III III NNP 34457 4124 9 . . NNP 34457 4124 10 , , , 34457 4124 11 IV IV NNP 34457 4124 12 . . NNP 34457 4124 13 , , , 34457 4124 14 represent represent VB 34457 4124 15 the the DT 34457 4124 16 composition composition NN 34457 4124 17 of of IN 34457 4124 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 4124 19 in in IN 34457 4124 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4124 21 with with IN 34457 4124 22 two two CD 34457 4124 23 solid solid JJ 34457 4124 24 salts salt NNS 34457 4124 25 . . . 34457 4125 1 We -PRON- PRP 34457 4125 2 have have VBP 34457 4125 3 , , , 34457 4125 4 however however RB 34457 4125 5 , , , 34457 4125 6 seen see VBN 34457 4125 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4125 8 p. p. NN 34457 4125 9 314 314 CD 34457 4125 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4125 11 that that IN 34457 4125 12 the the DT 34457 4125 13 transition transition NN 34457 4125 14 point point NN 34457 4125 15 , , , 34457 4125 16 when when WRB 34457 4125 17 the the DT 34457 4125 18 experiment experiment NN 34457 4125 19 is be VBZ 34457 4125 20 carried carry VBN 34457 4125 21 out out RP 34457 4125 22 under under IN 34457 4125 23 constant constant JJ 34457 4125 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 4125 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4125 26 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34457 4125 27 pressure pressure NN 34457 4125 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4125 29 , , , 34457 4125 30 is be VBZ 34457 4125 31 the the DT 34457 4125 32 point point NN 34457 4125 33 of of IN 34457 4125 34 intersection intersection NN 34457 4125 35 of of IN 34457 4125 36 four four CD 34457 4125 37 solubility solubility NN 34457 4125 38 curves curve NNS 34457 4125 39 , , , 34457 4125 40 each each DT 34457 4125 41 of of IN 34457 4125 42 which which WDT 34457 4125 43 represents represent VBZ 34457 4125 44 the the DT 34457 4125 45 composition composition NN 34457 4125 46 of of IN 34457 4125 47 solutions solution NNS 34457 4125 48 in in IN 34457 4125 49 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4125 50 with with IN 34457 4125 51 three three CD 34457 4125 52 salts salt NNS 34457 4125 53 , , , 34457 4125 54 viz viz NN 34457 4125 55 . . . 34457 4126 1 one one CD 34457 4126 2 of of IN 34457 4126 3 the the DT 34457 4126 4 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4126 5 salt salt NN 34457 4126 6 - - HYPH 34457 4126 7 pairs pair NNS 34457 4126 8 along along IN 34457 4126 9 with with IN 34457 4126 10 a a DT 34457 4126 11 third third JJ 34457 4126 12 salt salt NN 34457 4126 13 . . . 34457 4127 1 Since since IN 34457 4127 2 , , , 34457 4127 3 now now RB 34457 4127 4 , , , 34457 4127 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4127 6 was be VBD 34457 4127 7 found find VBN 34457 4127 8 that that IN 34457 4127 9 the the DT 34457 4127 10 stable stable JJ 34457 4127 11 salt salt NN 34457 4127 12 - - HYPH 34457 4127 13 pair pair NN 34457 4127 14 at at IN 34457 4127 15 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4127 16 between between IN 34457 4127 17 0 0â NN 34457 4127 18 ° ° NNS 34457 4127 19 and and CC 34457 4127 20 30 30 NNP 34457 4127 21 ° ° , 34457 4127 22 is be VBZ 34457 4127 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 4127 24 bicarbonate bicarbonate JJ 34457 4127 25 and and CC 34457 4127 26 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4127 27 chloride chloride NN 34457 4127 28 , , , 34457 4127 29 determinations determination NNS 34457 4127 30 were be VBD 34457 4127 31 made make VBN 34457 4127 32 of of IN 34457 4127 33 the the DT 34457 4127 34 composition composition NN 34457 4127 35 of of IN 34457 4127 36 solutions solution NNS 34457 4127 37 in in IN 34457 4127 38 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4127 39 with with IN 34457 4127 40 NaHCO_{3 nahco_{3 CD 34457 4127 41 } } -RRB- 34457 4127 42 + + CC 34457 4127 43 NH_{4}Cl nh_{4}cl NN 34457 4127 44 + + CC 34457 4127 45 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 NN 34457 4127 46 } } -RRB- 34457 4127 47 and and CC 34457 4127 48 with with IN 34457 4127 49 NaHCO_{3 nahco_{3 CD 34457 4127 50 } } -RRB- 34457 4127 51 + + CC 34457 4127 52 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4127 53 + + CC 34457 4127 54 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4127 55 as as IN 34457 4127 56 solid solid JJ 34457 4127 57 phases phase NNS 34457 4127 58 . . . 34457 4128 1 Under under IN 34457 4128 2 the the DT 34457 4128 3 { { -LRB- 34457 4128 4 322 322 CD 34457 4128 5 } } -RRB- 34457 4128 6 conditions condition NNS 34457 4128 7 of of IN 34457 4128 8 experiment experiment NN 34457 4128 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4128 10 temperature temperature NN 34457 4128 11 = = SYM 34457 4128 12 15 15â CD 34457 4128 13 ° ° NNS 34457 4128 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4128 15 sodium sodium NN 34457 4128 16 chloride chloride NN 34457 4128 17 and and CC 34457 4128 18 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4128 19 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4128 20 can can MD 34457 4128 21 not not RB 34457 4128 22 coexist coexist VB 34457 4128 23 in in IN 34457 4128 24 contact contact NN 34457 4128 25 with with IN 34457 4128 26 solution solution NN 34457 4128 27 . . . 34457 4129 1 These these DT 34457 4129 2 determinations determination NNS 34457 4129 3 gave give VBD 34457 4129 4 the the DT 34457 4129 5 data datum NNS 34457 4129 6 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4129 7 for for IN 34457 4129 8 the the DT 34457 4129 9 construction construction NN 34457 4129 10 of of IN 34457 4129 11 the the DT 34457 4129 12 complete complete JJ 34457 4129 13 isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 4129 14 diagram diagram NN 34457 4129 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4129 16 Fig fig NN 34457 4129 17 . . . 34457 4130 1 127 127 CD 34457 4130 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4130 3 . . . 34457 4131 1 The the DT 34457 4131 2 most most RBS 34457 4131 3 important important JJ 34457 4131 4 of of IN 34457 4131 5 these these DT 34457 4131 6 data datum NNS 34457 4131 7 are be VBP 34457 4131 8 given give VBN 34457 4131 9 in in IN 34457 4131 10 the the DT 34457 4131 11 following follow VBG 34457 4131 12 table table NN 34457 4131 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4131 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 4131 15 , , , 34457 4131 16 15 15 NNP 34457 4131 17 ° ° , 34457 4131 18 ):-- ):-- NNP 34457 4131 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4131 20 | | NNP 34457 4131 21 | | NNP 34457 4131 22 Composition Composition NNP 34457 4131 23 of of IN 34457 4131 24 the the DT 34457 4131 25 solution solution NN 34457 4131 26 in in IN 34457 4131 27 gram gram NN 34457 4131 28 - - HYPH 34457 4131 29 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4131 30 | | CD 34457 4131 31 | | CD 34457 4131 32 to to IN 34457 4131 33 1000 1000 CD 34457 4131 34 gram gram NN 34457 4131 35 - - HYPH 34457 4131 36 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4131 37 Point Point NNP 34457 4131 38 . . . 34457 4132 1 | | JJ 34457 4132 2 Solid solid JJ 34457 4132 3 phases phase NNS 34457 4132 4 . . . 34457 4133 1 | | NNS 34457 4133 2 of of IN 34457 4133 3 water water NN 34457 4133 4 . . . 34457 4134 1 | | NNP 34457 4134 2 |---------------------------------------------- |---------------------------------------------- NNP 34457 4134 3 | | HYPH 34457 4134 4 | | CD 34457 4134 5 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4134 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4134 7 | | NNP 34457 4134 8 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4134 9 | | CD 34457 4134 10 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 POS 34457 4134 11 } } -RRB- 34457 4134 12 | | NNP 34457 4134 13 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4134 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4134 15 -- -- : 34457 4134 16 | | NNP 34457 4134 17 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4134 18 } } -RRB- 34457 4134 19 | | CD 34457 4134 20 1.08 1.08 CD 34457 4134 21 | | CD 34457 4134 22 -- -- : 34457 4134 23 | | JJ 34457 4134 24 -- -- : 34457 4134 25 | | CD 34457 4134 26 -- -- : 34457 4134 27 -- -- : 34457 4134 28 | | NNP 34457 4134 29 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4134 30 | | CD 34457 4134 31 -- -- : 34457 4134 32 | | NNP 34457 4134 33 6.12 6.12 CD 34457 4134 34 | | CD 34457 4134 35 -- -- : 34457 4134 36 | | CD 34457 4134 37 -- -- : 34457 4134 38 -- -- : 34457 4134 39 | | NNP 34457 4134 40 NH_{4}HCO_{3 NH_{4}HCO_{3 NNP 34457 4134 41 } } -RRB- 34457 4134 42 | | NNP 34457 4134 43 -- -- : 34457 4134 44 | | NNP 34457 4134 45 -- -- : 34457 4134 46 | | CD 34457 4134 47 2.36 2.36 CD 34457 4134 48 | | CD 34457 4134 49 -- -- : 34457 4134 50 -- -- : 34457 4134 51 | | NNP 34457 4134 52 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4134 53 | | NNP 34457 4134 54 -- -- : 34457 4134 55 | | NNP 34457 4134 56 -- -- : 34457 4134 57 | | NNP 34457 4134 58 -- -- : 34457 4134 59 | | CD 34457 4134 60 6.64 6.64 CD 34457 4134 61 I. i. NN 34457 4135 1 | | NNP 34457 4135 2 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4135 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4135 4 ; ; : 34457 4135 5 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4135 6 | | CD 34457 4135 7 0.12 0.12 CD 34457 4135 8 | | NNP 34457 4135 9 6.06 6.06 CD 34457 4135 10 | | NNP 34457 4135 11 -- -- : 34457 4135 12 | | NNP 34457 4135 13 -- -- : 34457 4135 14 II II NNP 34457 4135 15 . . . 34457 4136 1 | | NNP 34457 4136 2 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4136 3 ; ; : 34457 4136 4 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4136 5 | | NNP 34457 4136 6 -- -- : 34457 4136 7 | | NNP 34457 4136 8 4.55 4.55 CD 34457 4136 9 | | CD 34457 4136 10 -- -- : 34457 4136 11 | | CD 34457 4136 12 3.72 3.72 CD 34457 4136 13 III iii CD 34457 4136 14 . . . 34457 4137 1 | | NNP 34457 4137 2 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4137 3 ; ; : 34457 4137 4 | | NNP 34457 4137 5 -- -- : 34457 4137 6 | | NNP 34457 4137 7 -- -- : 34457 4137 8 | | CD 34457 4137 9 0.81 0.81 CD 34457 4137 10 | | CD 34457 4137 11 6.40 6.40 CD 34457 4137 12 | | CD 34457 4137 13 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 CD 34457 4137 14 } } -RRB- 34457 4137 15 | | NNP 34457 4137 16 | | NNP 34457 4137 17 | | CD 34457 4137 18 | | NNP 34457 4137 19 IV IV NNP 34457 4137 20 . . . 34457 4138 1 | | NNP 34457 4138 2 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4138 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 4 ; ; : 34457 4138 5 | | CD 34457 4138 6 0.71 0.71 CD 34457 4138 7 | | NNS 34457 4138 8 -- -- : 34457 4138 9 | | CD 34457 4138 10 2.16 2.16 CD 34457 4138 11 | | CD 34457 4138 12 -- -- : 34457 4138 13 | | NNP 34457 4138 14 NH_{4}HCO_{3 NH_{4}HCO_{3 NNP 34457 4138 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 16 | | NNP 34457 4138 17 | | CD 34457 4138 18 | | CD 34457 4138 19 | | CD 34457 4138 20 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 34457 4138 21 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 22 | | NNP 34457 4138 23 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4138 24 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 25 ; ; : 34457 4138 26 | | CD 34457 4138 27 0.93 0.93 CD 34457 4138 28 | | CD 34457 4138 29 0.51 0.51 CD 34457 4138 30 | | CD 34457 4138 31 -- -- : 34457 4138 32 | | CD 34457 4138 33 6.28 6.28 CD 34457 4138 34 | | CD 34457 4138 35 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 CD 34457 4138 36 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 37 ; ; : 34457 4138 38 | | NNP 34457 4138 39 | | CD 34457 4138 40 | | CD 34457 4138 41 | | CD 34457 4138 42 | | NNP 34457 4138 43 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4138 44 | | NNP 34457 4138 45 | | NNP 34457 4138 46 | | NNP 34457 4138 47 | | NNP 34457 4138 48 P_{2 P_{2 NNP 34457 4138 49 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 50 | | NNP 34457 4138 51 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 4138 52 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 53 ; ; : 34457 4138 54 | | CD 34457 4138 55 0.18 0.18 CD 34457 4138 56 | | CD 34457 4138 57 4.44 4.44 CD 34457 4138 58 | | CD 34457 4138 59 -- -- : 34457 4138 60 | | CD 34457 4138 61 3.73 3.73 CD 34457 4138 62 | | NNP 34457 4138 63 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4138 64 ; ; : 34457 4138 65 NH_{4}Cl NH_{4}Cl NNP 34457 4138 66 | | NNP 34457 4138 67 | | NNP 34457 4138 68 | | CD 34457 4138 69 | | CD 34457 4138 70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4138 71 With with IN 34457 4138 72 reference reference NN 34457 4138 73 to to IN 34457 4138 74 the the DT 34457 4138 75 solution solution NN 34457 4138 76 represented represent VBN 34457 4138 77 by by IN 34457 4138 78 the the DT 34457 4138 79 point point NN 34457 4138 80 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 34457 4138 81 } } -RRB- 34457 4138 82 , , , 34457 4138 83 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4138 84 may may MD 34457 4138 85 be be VB 34457 4138 86 remarked remark VBN 34457 4138 87 that that IN 34457 4138 88 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4138 89 is be VBZ 34457 4138 90 an an DT 34457 4138 91 incongruently incongruently RB 34457 4138 92 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4138 93 solution solution NN 34457 4138 94 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4138 95 p. p. NN 34457 4138 96 279 279 CD 34457 4138 97 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4138 98 . . . 34457 4139 1 If if IN 34457 4139 2 sodium sodium NN 34457 4139 3 chloride chloride NN 34457 4139 4 is be VBZ 34457 4139 5 added add VBN 34457 4139 6 to to IN 34457 4139 7 this this DT 34457 4139 8 solution solution NN 34457 4139 9 , , , 34457 4139 10 the the DT 34457 4139 11 composition composition NN 34457 4139 12 of of IN 34457 4139 13 the the DT 34457 4139 14 latter latter JJ 34457 4139 15 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 4139 16 change change VB 34457 4139 17 ; ; : 34457 4139 18 and and CC 34457 4139 19 if if IN 34457 4139 20 a a DT 34457 4139 21 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 4139 22 amount amount NN 34457 4139 23 of of IN 34457 4139 24 the the DT 34457 4139 25 salt salt NN 34457 4139 26 is be VBZ 34457 4139 27 added add VBN 34457 4139 28 , , , 34457 4139 29 the the DT 34457 4139 30 solution solution NN 34457 4139 31 P_{2 P_{2 NNP 34457 4139 32 } } -RRB- 34457 4139 33 is be VBZ 34457 4139 34 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4139 35 . . . 34457 4140 1 Turning turn VBG 34457 4140 2 now now RB 34457 4140 3 to to IN 34457 4140 4 the the DT 34457 4140 5 practical practical JJ 34457 4140 6 application application NN 34457 4140 7 of of IN 34457 4140 8 the the DT 34457 4140 9 data datum NNS 34457 4140 10 so so RB 34457 4140 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4140 12 , , , 34457 4140 13 consider consider VB 34457 4140 14 first first RB 34457 4140 15 what what WP 34457 4140 16 is be VBZ 34457 4140 17 the the DT 34457 4140 18 influence influence NN 34457 4140 19 of of IN 34457 4140 20 concentration concentration NN 34457 4140 21 on on IN 34457 4140 22 the the DT 34457 4140 23 yield yield NN 34457 4140 24 of of IN 34457 4140 25 soda soda NN 34457 4140 26 . . . 34457 4141 1 Since since IN 34457 4141 2 the the DT 34457 4141 3 reaction reaction NN 34457 4141 4 consists consist VBZ 34457 4141 5 essentially essentially RB 34457 4141 6 in in IN 34457 4141 7 a a DT 34457 4141 8 double double JJ 34457 4141 9 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 4141 10 between between IN 34457 4141 11 sodium sodium NN 34457 4141 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 4141 13 and and CC 34457 4141 14 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4141 15 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4141 16 , , , 34457 4141 17 then then RB 34457 4141 18 , , , 34457 4141 19 after after IN 34457 4141 20 the the DT 34457 4141 21 deposition deposition NN 34457 4141 22 of of IN 34457 4141 23 the the DT 34457 4141 24 sodium sodium NN 34457 4141 25 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4141 26 , , , 34457 4141 27 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4141 28 obtain obtain VBP 34457 4141 29 a a DT 34457 4141 30 solution solution NN 34457 4141 31 containing contain VBG 34457 4141 32 sodium sodium NN 34457 4141 33 chloride chloride NN 34457 4141 34 , , , 34457 4141 35 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4141 36 chloride chloride NN 34457 4141 37 , , , 34457 4141 38 and and CC 34457 4141 39 sodium sodium NN 34457 4141 40 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4141 41 . . . 34457 4142 1 In in IN 34457 4142 2 order order NN 34457 4142 3 to to TO 34457 4142 4 ascertain ascertain VB 34457 4142 5 to to IN 34457 4142 6 what what WDT 34457 4142 7 extent extent NN 34457 4142 8 the the DT 34457 4142 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 4142 10 chloride chloride NN 34457 4142 11 has have VBZ 34457 4142 12 been be VBN 34457 4142 13 converted convert VBN 34457 4142 14 into into IN 34457 4142 15 solid solid JJ 34457 4142 16 sodium sodium NN 34457 4142 17 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4142 18 , , , 34457 4142 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4142 20 is be VBZ 34457 4142 21 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4142 22 to to TO 34457 4142 23 examine examine VB 34457 4142 24 the the DT 34457 4142 25 composition composition NN 34457 4142 26 of of IN 34457 4142 27 the the DT 34457 4142 28 solution solution NN 34457 4142 29 which which WDT 34457 4142 30 is be VBZ 34457 4142 31 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4142 32 { { -LRB- 34457 4142 33 323 323 CD 34457 4142 34 } } -RRB- 34457 4142 35 with with IN 34457 4142 36 definite definite JJ 34457 4142 37 amounts amount NNS 34457 4142 38 of of IN 34457 4142 39 sodium sodium NN 34457 4142 40 chloride chloride NN 34457 4142 41 and and CC 34457 4142 42 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4142 43 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4142 44 . . . 34457 4143 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4143 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4143 3 : : : 34457 4143 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4143 5 . . . 34457 4144 1 127 127 CD 34457 4144 2 . . . 34457 4144 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4145 1 Consider consider VB 34457 4145 2 , , , 34457 4145 3 in in IN 34457 4145 4 the the DT 34457 4145 5 first first JJ 34457 4145 6 place place NN 34457 4145 7 , , , 34457 4145 8 the the DT 34457 4145 9 solutions solution NNS 34457 4145 10 represented represent VBN 34457 4145 11 by by IN 34457 4145 12 the the DT 34457 4145 13 curve curve NN 34457 4145 14 P_{2}P_{1 P_{2}P_{1 NNP 34457 4145 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4145 16 . . . 34457 4146 1 With with IN 34457 4146 2 the the DT 34457 4146 3 help help NN 34457 4146 4 of of IN 34457 4146 5 this this DT 34457 4146 6 curve curve NN 34457 4146 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4146 8 can can MD 34457 4146 9 state state VB 34457 4146 10 the the DT 34457 4146 11 conditions condition NNS 34457 4146 12 under under IN 34457 4146 13 which which WDT 34457 4146 14 a a DT 34457 4146 15 solution solution NN 34457 4146 16 , , , 34457 4146 17 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4146 18 for for IN 34457 4146 19 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4146 20 chloride chloride NN 34457 4146 21 , , , 34457 4146 22 is be VBZ 34457 4146 23 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4146 24 , , , 34457 4146 25 after after IN 34457 4146 26 deposition deposition NN 34457 4146 27 of of IN 34457 4146 28 sodium sodium NN 34457 4146 29 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4146 30 . . . 34457 4147 1 In in IN 34457 4147 2 the the DT 34457 4147 3 following follow VBG 34457 4147 4 table table NN 34457 4147 5 the the DT 34457 4147 6 composition composition NN 34457 4147 7 of of IN 34457 4147 8 the the DT 34457 4147 9 solutions solution NNS 34457 4147 10 is be VBZ 34457 4147 11 given give VBN 34457 4147 12 which which WDT 34457 4147 13 are be VBP 34457 4147 14 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4147 15 with with IN 34457 4147 16 different different JJ 34457 4147 17 initial initial JJ 34457 4147 18 amounts amount NNS 34457 4147 19 of of IN 34457 4147 20 sodium sodium NN 34457 4147 21 chloride chloride NN 34457 4147 22 and and CC 34457 4147 23 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4147 24 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4147 25 . . . 34457 4148 1 The the DT 34457 4148 2 last last JJ 34457 4148 3 two two CD 34457 4148 4 columns column NNS 34457 4148 5 give give VBP 34457 4148 6 the the DT 34457 4148 7 percentage percentage NN 34457 4148 8 amount amount NN 34457 4148 9 of of IN 34457 4148 10 the the DT 34457 4148 11 sodium sodium NN 34457 4148 12 used use VBN 34457 4148 13 , , , 34457 4148 14 which which WDT 34457 4148 15 is be VBZ 34457 4148 16 deposited deposit VBN 34457 4148 17 as as IN 34457 4148 18 solid solid JJ 34457 4148 19 sodium sodium NN 34457 4148 20 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4148 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4148 22 U_{Na U_{Na NFP 34457 4148 23 } } -RRB- 34457 4148 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4148 25 ; ; : 34457 4148 26 and and CC 34457 4148 27 likewise likewise RB 34457 4148 28 the the DT 34457 4148 29 percentage percentage NN 34457 4148 30 amount amount NN 34457 4148 31 of of IN 34457 4148 32 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4148 33 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4148 34 which which WDT 34457 4148 35 is be VBZ 34457 4148 36 usefully usefully RB 34457 4148 37 converted convert VBN 34457 4148 38 into into IN 34457 4148 39 sodium sodium NN 34457 4148 40 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4148 41 , , , 34457 4148 42 that that DT 34457 4148 43 is be VBZ 34457 4148 44 to to TO 34457 4148 45 say say VB 34457 4148 46 , , , 34457 4148 47 the the DT 34457 4148 48 amount amount NN 34457 4148 49 of of IN 34457 4148 50 the the DT 34457 4148 51 radical radical JJ 34457 4148 52 HCO_{3 hco_{3 JJ 34457 4148 53 } } -RRB- 34457 4148 54 deposited deposit VBN 34457 4148 55 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4148 56 U_{NH_{4}}):-- U_{NH_{4}}):-- NNP 34457 4148 57 { { -LRB- 34457 4148 58 324 324 CD 34457 4148 59 } } -RRB- 34457 4148 60 ------+---------------------+ ------+---------------------+ . 34457 4148 61 |Initial |initial JJ 34457 4148 62 composition composition NN 34457 4148 63 | | CD 34457 4148 64 |of |of NNP 34457 4148 65 the the DT 34457 4148 66 solutions solution NNS 34457 4148 67 : : : 34457 4148 68 | | CD 34457 4148 69 |grams |grams CD 34457 4148 70 of of IN 34457 4148 71 salt salt NN 34457 4148 72 to to IN 34457 4148 73 1000| 1000| CD 34457 4148 74 Point.|grams point.|grams NN 34457 4148 75 of of IN 34457 4148 76 water water NN 34457 4148 77 . . . 34457 4149 1 | | JJ 34457 4149 2 + + CD 34457 4149 3 ------+--------------+ ------+--------------+ . 34457 4149 4 | | NNP 34457 4149 5 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4149 6 | | HYPH 34457 4149 7 NH_{4}HCO_{3}| NH_{4}HCO_{3}| NNP 34457 4149 8 ------+------+--------------+ ------+------+--------------+ : 34457 4149 9 P_{2 P_{2 NNP 34457 4149 10 } } -RRB- 34457 4149 11 | | NNP 34457 4149 12 479 479 CD 34457 4149 13 | | CD 34457 4149 14 295 295 CD 34457 4149 15 | | CD 34457 4149 16 -- -- : 34457 4149 17 | | NNP 34457 4149 18 448 448 CD 34457 4149 19 | | CD 34457 4149 20 360 360 CD 34457 4149 21 | | CD 34457 4149 22 -- -- : 34457 4149 23 | | CD 34457 4149 24 417 417 CD 34457 4149 25 | | CD 34457 4149 26 431 431 CD 34457 4149 27 | | CD 34457 4149 28 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 34457 4149 29 } } -RRB- 34457 4149 30 | | NNP 34457 4149 31 397 397 CD 34457 4149 32 | | CD 34457 4149 33 496 496 CD 34457 4149 34 | | NNS 34457 4149 35 ------+------+--------------+ ------+------+--------------+ NN 34457 4149 36 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4149 37 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34457 4149 38 's 's POS 34457 4149 39 note note NN 34457 4149 40 : : : 34457 4149 41 table table NN 34457 4149 42 continued continue VBD 34457 4149 43 below below RB 34457 4149 44 ... ... NFP 34457 4149 45 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4149 46 + + CC 34457 4149 47 ----------------------------------+---------+---------- ----------------------------------+---------+---------- CD 34457 4149 48 | | NNP 34457 4149 49 | | CD 34457 4149 50 | | CD 34457 4149 51 |Composition |Composition NNS 34457 4149 52 of of IN 34457 4149 53 solutions solution NNS 34457 4149 54 obtained:| obtained:| NNP 34457 4149 55 | | CD 34457 4149 56 |gram |gram NNS 34457 4149 57 - - HYPH 34457 4149 58 equivalents equivalent NNS 34457 4149 59 per per IN 34457 4149 60 1000 1000 CD 34457 4149 61 grams gram NNS 34457 4149 62 |U_{Na |u_{na JJ 34457 4149 63 } } -RRB- 34457 4149 64 |U_{NH_{4 |u_{nh_{4 NN 34457 4149 65 } } -RRB- 34457 4149 66 } } -RRB- 34457 4149 67 |of |of CD 34457 4149 68 water water NN 34457 4149 69 . . . 34457 4150 1 |per |per NNP 34457 4150 2 cent.|per cent.|per NNP 34457 4150 3 cent cent NN 34457 4150 4 . . . 34457 4151 1 + + CC 34457 4151 2 ----------+------+------+---------+ ----------+------+------+---------+ : 34457 4151 3 | | NNP 34457 4151 4 | | NNS 34457 4151 5 HCO_{3 hco_{3 JJ 34457 4151 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4151 7 | | NNS 34457 4151 8 Cl Cl NNP 34457 4151 9 | | NNP 34457 4151 10 Na Na NNP 34457 4151 11 | | HYPH 34457 4151 12 NH_{4 NH_{4 NNP 34457 4151 13 } } -RRB- 34457 4151 14 | | NNP 34457 4151 15 | | CD 34457 4151 16 + + CC 34457 4151 17 ----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------- ----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------- CD 34457 4151 18 | | CD 34457 4151 19 0.18 0.18 CD 34457 4151 20 | | CD 34457 4151 21 8.17 8.17 CD 34457 4151 22 | | CD 34457 4151 23 4.62 4.62 CD 34457 4151 24 | | CD 34457 4151 25 3.73 3.73 CD 34457 4151 26 | | CD 34457 4151 27 43.4 43.4 CD 34457 4151 28 | | CD 34457 4151 29 95.1 95.1 CD 34457 4151 30 | | CD 34457 4151 31 0.31 0.31 CD 34457 4151 32 | | CD 34457 4151 33 7.65 7.65 CD 34457 4151 34 | | CD 34457 4151 35 3.39 3.39 CD 34457 4151 36 | | CD 34457 4151 37 4.56 4.56 CD 34457 4151 38 | | CD 34457 4151 39 55.7 55.7 CD 34457 4151 40 | | CD 34457 4151 41 93.4 93.4 CD 34457 4151 42 | | CD 34457 4151 43 0.51 0.51 CD 34457 4151 44 | | CD 34457 4151 45 7.13 7.13 CD 34457 4151 46 | | CD 34457 4151 47 2.19 2.19 CD 34457 4151 48 | | CD 34457 4151 49 5.45 5.45 CD 34457 4151 50 | | CD 34457 4151 51 69.2 69.2 CD 34457 4151 52 | | CD 34457 4151 53 90.5 90.5 CD 34457 4151 54 | | CD 34457 4151 55 0.92 0.92 CD 34457 4151 56 | | CD 34457 4151 57 6.79 6.79 CD 34457 4151 58 | | CD 34457 4151 59 1.44 1.44 CD 34457 4151 60 | | CD 34457 4151 61 6.28 6.28 CD 34457 4151 62 | | CD 34457 4151 63 78.8 78.8 CD 34457 4151 64 | | CD 34457 4151 65 85.1 85.1 CD 34457 4151 66 + + SYM 34457 4151 67 ----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------- ----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------- NFP 34457 4151 68 This this DT 34457 4151 69 table table NN 34457 4151 70 shows show VBZ 34457 4151 71 that that IN 34457 4151 72 the the DT 34457 4151 73 greater great JJR 34457 4151 74 the the DT 34457 4151 75 excess excess NN 34457 4151 76 of of IN 34457 4151 77 sodium sodium NN 34457 4151 78 chloride chloride NN 34457 4151 79 , , , 34457 4151 80 the the DT 34457 4151 81 greater great JJR 34457 4151 82 is be VBZ 34457 4151 83 the the DT 34457 4151 84 percentage percentage NN 34457 4151 85 utilization utilization NN 34457 4151 86 of of IN 34457 4151 87 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 4151 88 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4151 89 Point Point NNP 34457 4151 90 P_{2 P_{2 NNP 34457 4151 91 } } -RRB- 34457 4151 92 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4151 93 ; ; : 34457 4151 94 and and CC 34457 4151 95 the the DT 34457 4151 96 more more JJR 34457 4151 97 the the DT 34457 4151 98 amount amount NN 34457 4151 99 of of IN 34457 4151 100 sodium sodium NN 34457 4151 101 chloride chloride NN 34457 4151 102 decreases decrease NNS 34457 4151 103 , , , 34457 4151 104 the the DT 34457 4151 105 greater great JJR 34457 4151 106 is be VBZ 34457 4151 107 the the DT 34457 4151 108 percentage percentage NN 34457 4151 109 amount amount NN 34457 4151 110 of of IN 34457 4151 111 sodium sodium NN 34457 4151 112 chloride chloride NN 34457 4151 113 converted convert VBN 34457 4151 114 into into IN 34457 4151 115 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4151 116 . . . 34457 4152 1 In in IN 34457 4152 2 the the DT 34457 4152 3 latter latter JJ 34457 4152 4 case case NN 34457 4152 5 , , , 34457 4152 6 however however RB 34457 4152 7 , , , 34457 4152 8 the the DT 34457 4152 9 percentage percentage NN 34457 4152 10 utilization utilization NN 34457 4152 11 of of IN 34457 4152 12 the the DT 34457 4152 13 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4152 14 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4152 15 decreases decrease VBZ 34457 4152 16 ; ; : 34457 4152 17 that that DT 34457 4152 18 is be VBZ 34457 4152 19 to to TO 34457 4152 20 say say VB 34457 4152 21 , , , 34457 4152 22 less less RBR 34457 4152 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 4152 24 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4152 25 is be VBZ 34457 4152 26 deposited deposit VBN 34457 4152 27 , , , 34457 4152 28 or or CC 34457 4152 29 more more JJR 34457 4152 30 of of IN 34457 4152 31 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4152 32 remains remain VBZ 34457 4152 33 in in IN 34457 4152 34 solution solution NN 34457 4152 35 . . . 34457 4153 1 Consider consider VB 34457 4153 2 , , , 34457 4153 3 in in IN 34457 4153 4 the the DT 34457 4153 5 same same JJ 34457 4153 6 manner manner NN 34457 4153 7 , , , 34457 4153 8 the the DT 34457 4153 9 relations relation NNS 34457 4153 10 for for IN 34457 4153 11 solutions solution NNS 34457 4153 12 represented represent VBN 34457 4153 13 by by IN 34457 4153 14 the the DT 34457 4153 15 curve curve NN 34457 4153 16 P_{2}IV p_{2}iv NN 34457 4153 17 , , , 34457 4153 18 which which WDT 34457 4153 19 gives give VBZ 34457 4153 20 the the DT 34457 4153 21 composition composition NN 34457 4153 22 of of IN 34457 4153 23 solutions solution NNS 34457 4153 24 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4153 25 with with IN 34457 4153 26 respect respect NN 34457 4153 27 to to IN 34457 4153 28 sodium sodium NN 34457 4153 29 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4153 30 and and CC 34457 4153 31 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4153 32 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4153 33 . . . 34457 4154 1 In in IN 34457 4154 2 this this DT 34457 4154 3 case case NN 34457 4154 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4154 5 obtain obtain VBP 34457 4154 6 the the DT 34457 4154 7 following following JJ 34457 4154 8 results:-- results:-- NN 34457 4154 9 ------+---------------------+ ------+---------------------+ NN 34457 4154 10 |Initial |initial JJ 34457 4154 11 composition composition NN 34457 4154 12 | | CD 34457 4154 13 |of |of NNP 34457 4154 14 the the DT 34457 4154 15 solutions solution NNS 34457 4154 16 : : : 34457 4154 17 | | CD 34457 4154 18 |grams |grams CD 34457 4154 19 of of IN 34457 4154 20 salt salt NN 34457 4154 21 to to IN 34457 4154 22 1000| 1000| CD 34457 4154 23 Point.|grams point.|grams NN 34457 4154 24 of of IN 34457 4154 25 water water NN 34457 4154 26 . . . 34457 4155 1 | | JJ 34457 4155 2 + + CD 34457 4155 3 ------+--------------+ ------+--------------+ . 34457 4155 4 | | NNP 34457 4155 5 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4155 6 | | HYPH 34457 4155 7 NH_{4}HCO_{3}| NH_{4}HCO_{3}| NNP 34457 4155 8 ------+------+--------------+ ------+------+--------------+ . 34457 4155 9 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 34457 4155 10 } } -RRB- 34457 4155 11 | | NNP 34457 4155 12 397 397 CD 34457 4155 13 | | CD 34457 4155 14 496 496 CD 34457 4155 15 | | CD 34457 4155 16 -- -- : 34457 4155 17 | | CD 34457 4155 18 351 351 CD 34457 4155 19 | | CD 34457 4155 20 446 446 CD 34457 4155 21 | | CD 34457 4155 22 -- -- : 34457 4155 23 | | NNP 34457 4155 24 316 316 CD 34457 4155 25 | | CD 34457 4155 26 412 412 CD 34457 4155 27 | | CD 34457 4155 28 -- -- : 34457 4155 29 | | CD 34457 4155 30 294 294 CD 34457 4155 31 | | CD 34457 4155 32 389 389 CD 34457 4155 33 | | CD 34457 4155 34 -- -- : 34457 4155 35 | | NNP 34457 4155 36 234 234 CD 34457 4155 37 | | CD 34457 4155 38 327 327 CD 34457 4155 39 | | CD 34457 4155 40 ------+------+--------------+ ------+------+--------------+ NN 34457 4155 41 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4155 42 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34457 4155 43 's 's POS 34457 4155 44 note note NN 34457 4155 45 : : : 34457 4155 46 table table NN 34457 4155 47 continued continue VBD 34457 4155 48 below below RB 34457 4155 49 ... ... NFP 34457 4155 50 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4155 51 + + CC 34457 4155 52 ----------------------------------+------+---------- ----------------------------------+------+---------- CD 34457 4155 53 | | NNP 34457 4155 54 | | CD 34457 4155 55 | | CD 34457 4155 56 |Composition |Composition NNS 34457 4155 57 of of IN 34457 4155 58 solutions solution NNS 34457 4155 59 obtained:| obtained:| NNP 34457 4155 60 | | CD 34457 4155 61 |in |in CD 34457 4155 62 gram gram NN 34457 4155 63 - - HYPH 34457 4155 64 equivalents equivalent NNS 34457 4155 65 per per IN 34457 4155 66 1000 1000 CD 34457 4155 67 grams|U_{Na}|U_{NH_{4 grams|u_{na}|u_{nh_{4 NN 34457 4155 68 } } -RRB- 34457 4155 69 } } -RRB- 34457 4155 70 |of |of CD 34457 4155 71 water water NN 34457 4155 72 . . . 34457 4156 1 | | NNS 34457 4156 2 | | CD 34457 4156 3 + + CC 34457 4156 4 ----------+------+------+---------+ ----------+------+------+---------+ HYPH 34457 4156 5 | | NNP 34457 4156 6 | | NNS 34457 4156 7 HCO_{3 hco_{3 JJ 34457 4156 8 } } -RRB- 34457 4156 9 | | NNS 34457 4156 10 Cl Cl NNP 34457 4156 11 | | NNP 34457 4156 12 Na Na NNP 34457 4156 13 | | HYPH 34457 4156 14 NH_{4 NH_{4 NNP 34457 4156 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4156 16 | | NNP 34457 4156 17 | | CD 34457 4156 18 + + SYM 34457 4156 19 ----------+------+------+---------+------+---------- ----------+------+------+---------+------+---------- NNP 34457 4156 20 | | NNP 34457 4156 21 0.92 0.92 CD 34457 4156 22 | | CD 34457 4156 23 6.79 6.79 CD 34457 4156 24 | | CD 34457 4156 25 1.44 1.44 CD 34457 4156 26 | | CD 34457 4156 27 6.28 6.28 CD 34457 4156 28 | | CD 34457 4156 29 78.8 78.8 CD 34457 4156 30 | | CD 34457 4156 31 85.1 85.1 CD 34457 4156 32 | | CD 34457 4156 33 0.99 0.99 CD 34457 4156 34 | | CD 34457 4156 35 6.00 6.00 CD 34457 4156 36 | | CD 34457 4156 37 1.34 1.34 CD 34457 4156 38 | | CD 34457 4156 39 5.65 5.65 CD 34457 4156 40 | | CD 34457 4156 41 77.7 77.7 CD 34457 4156 42 | | CD 34457 4156 43 82.5 82.5 CD 34457 4156 44 | | CD 34457 4156 45 1.07 1.07 CD 34457 4156 46 | | CD 34457 4156 47 5.41 5.41 CD 34457 4156 48 | | CD 34457 4156 49 1.27 1.27 CD 34457 4156 50 | | CD 34457 4156 51 5.21 5.21 CD 34457 4156 52 | | CD 34457 4156 53 76.4 76.4 CD 34457 4156 54 | | CD 34457 4156 55 79.5 79.5 CD 34457 4156 56 | | CD 34457 4156 57 1.12 1.12 CD 34457 4156 58 | | CD 34457 4156 59 5.03 5.03 CD 34457 4156 60 | | CD 34457 4156 61 1.23 1.23 CD 34457 4156 62 | | CD 34457 4156 63 4.92 4.92 CD 34457 4156 64 | | CD 34457 4156 65 75.5 75.5 CD 34457 4156 66 | | CD 34457 4156 67 75.1 75.1 CD 34457 4156 68 | | CD 34457 4156 69 1.30 1.30 CD 34457 4156 70 | | CD 34457 4156 71 4.00 4.00 CD 34457 4156 72 | | CD 34457 4156 73 1.16 1.16 CD 34457 4156 74 | | CD 34457 4156 75 4.14 4.14 CD 34457 4156 76 | | CD 34457 4156 77 71.0 71.0 CD 34457 4156 78 | | CD 34457 4156 79 68.6 68.6 CD 34457 4156 80 + + SYM 34457 4156 81 ----------+------+------+---------+------+---------- ----------+------+------+---------+------+---------- NNP 34457 4156 82 As as IN 34457 4156 83 is be VBZ 34457 4156 84 evident evident JJ 34457 4156 85 from from IN 34457 4156 86 this this DT 34457 4156 87 table table NN 34457 4156 88 , , , 34457 4156 89 diminution diminution NN 34457 4156 90 in in IN 34457 4156 91 the the DT 34457 4156 92 relative relative JJ 34457 4156 93 amount amount NN 34457 4156 94 of of IN 34457 4156 95 sodium sodium NN 34457 4156 96 chloride chloride NN 34457 4156 97 exercises exercise VBZ 34457 4156 98 only only RB 34457 4156 99 a a DT 34457 4156 100 slight slight JJ 34457 4156 101 influence influence NN 34457 4156 102 { { -LRB- 34457 4156 103 325 325 CD 34457 4156 104 } } -RRB- 34457 4156 105 on on IN 34457 4156 106 the the DT 34457 4156 107 utilization utilization NN 34457 4156 108 of of IN 34457 4156 109 this this DT 34457 4156 110 salt salt NN 34457 4156 111 , , , 34457 4156 112 but but CC 34457 4156 113 is be VBZ 34457 4156 114 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 4156 115 by by IN 34457 4156 116 a a DT 34457 4156 117 rapid rapid JJ 34457 4156 118 diminution diminution NN 34457 4156 119 of of IN 34457 4156 120 the the DT 34457 4156 121 effective effective JJ 34457 4156 122 transformation transformation NN 34457 4156 123 of of IN 34457 4156 124 the the DT 34457 4156 125 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4156 126 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4156 127 . . . 34457 4157 1 So so RB 34457 4157 2 far far RB 34457 4157 3 as as IN 34457 4157 4 the the DT 34457 4157 5 efficient efficient JJ 34457 4157 6 conversion conversion NN 34457 4157 7 of of IN 34457 4157 8 the the DT 34457 4157 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 4157 10 is be VBZ 34457 4157 11 concerned concern VBN 34457 4157 12 , , , 34457 4157 13 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4157 14 see see VBP 34457 4157 15 that that IN 34457 4157 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4157 17 reaches reach VBZ 34457 4157 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4157 19 maximum maximum NN 34457 4157 20 at at IN 34457 4157 21 the the DT 34457 4157 22 point point NN 34457 4157 23 P_{1 P_{1 NNP 34457 4157 24 } } -RRB- 34457 4157 25 , , , 34457 4157 26 and and CC 34457 4157 27 that that IN 34457 4157 28 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4157 29 decreases decrease VBZ 34457 4157 30 both both DT 34457 4157 31 with with IN 34457 4157 32 increase increase NN 34457 4157 33 and and CC 34457 4157 34 with with IN 34457 4157 35 decrease decrease NN 34457 4157 36 of of IN 34457 4157 37 the the DT 34457 4157 38 relative relative JJ 34457 4157 39 amount amount NN 34457 4157 40 of of IN 34457 4157 41 sodium sodium NN 34457 4157 42 chloride chloride NN 34457 4157 43 employed employ VBN 34457 4157 44 ; ; : 34457 4157 45 and and CC 34457 4157 46 faster fast RBR 34457 4157 47 , , , 34457 4157 48 indeed indeed RB 34457 4157 49 , , , 34457 4157 50 in in IN 34457 4157 51 the the DT 34457 4157 52 former former JJ 34457 4157 53 than than IN 34457 4157 54 in in IN 34457 4157 55 the the DT 34457 4157 56 latter latter JJ 34457 4157 57 case case NN 34457 4157 58 . . . 34457 4158 1 On on IN 34457 4158 2 the the DT 34457 4158 3 other other JJ 34457 4158 4 hand hand NN 34457 4158 5 , , , 34457 4158 6 the the DT 34457 4158 7 effective effective JJ 34457 4158 8 transformation transformation NN 34457 4158 9 of of IN 34457 4158 10 the the DT 34457 4158 11 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4158 12 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4158 13 reaches reach VBZ 34457 4158 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4158 15 maximum maximum NN 34457 4158 16 at at IN 34457 4158 17 the the DT 34457 4158 18 point point NN 34457 4158 19 P_{2 P_{2 NNP 34457 4158 20 } } -RRB- 34457 4158 21 , , , 34457 4158 22 and and CC 34457 4158 23 diminishes diminishe NNS 34457 4158 24 with with IN 34457 4158 25 increase increase NN 34457 4158 26 in in IN 34457 4158 27 the the DT 34457 4158 28 relative relative JJ 34457 4158 29 amount amount NN 34457 4158 30 of of IN 34457 4158 31 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4158 32 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4158 33 employed employ VBN 34457 4158 34 . . . 34457 4159 1 Since since IN 34457 4159 2 sodium sodium NN 34457 4159 3 chloride chloride NN 34457 4159 4 is be VBZ 34457 4159 5 , , , 34457 4159 6 in in IN 34457 4159 7 comparison comparison NN 34457 4159 8 with with IN 34457 4159 9 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 4159 10 -- -- : 34457 4159 11 even even RB 34457 4159 12 when when WRB 34457 4159 13 this this DT 34457 4159 14 is be VBZ 34457 4159 15 regenerated regenerate VBN 34457 4159 16 -- -- : 34457 4159 17 a a DT 34457 4159 18 cheap cheap JJ 34457 4159 19 material material NN 34457 4159 20 , , , 34457 4159 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4159 22 is be VBZ 34457 4159 23 evidently evidently RB 34457 4159 24 more more RBR 34457 4159 25 advantageous advantageous JJ 34457 4159 26 to to TO 34457 4159 27 work work VB 34457 4159 28 with with IN 34457 4159 29 solutions solution NNS 34457 4159 30 which which WDT 34457 4159 31 are be VBP 34457 4159 32 relatively relatively RB 34457 4159 33 rich rich JJ 34457 4159 34 in in IN 34457 4159 35 sodium sodium NN 34457 4159 36 chloride chloride NN 34457 4159 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4159 38 solutions solution NNS 34457 4159 39 represented represent VBN 34457 4159 40 by by IN 34457 4159 41 the the DT 34457 4159 42 curve curve NN 34457 4159 43 P_{1}P_{2 P_{1}P_{2 NNS 34457 4159 44 } } -RRB- 34457 4159 45 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4159 46 . . . 34457 4160 1 This this DT 34457 4160 2 fact fact NN 34457 4160 3 has have VBZ 34457 4160 4 also also RB 34457 4160 5 been be VBN 34457 4160 6 established establish VBN 34457 4160 7 empirically empirically RB 34457 4160 8 . . . 34457 4161 1 When when WRB 34457 4161 2 , , , 34457 4161 3 as as IN 34457 4161 4 is be VBZ 34457 4161 5 the the DT 34457 4161 6 case case NN 34457 4161 7 in in IN 34457 4161 8 industrial industrial JJ 34457 4161 9 practice practice NN 34457 4161 10 , , , 34457 4161 11 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4161 12 are be VBP 34457 4161 13 dealing deal VBG 34457 4161 14 with with IN 34457 4161 15 solutions solution NNS 34457 4161 16 which which WDT 34457 4161 17 are be VBP 34457 4161 18 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4161 19 not not RB 34457 4161 20 for for IN 34457 4161 21 two two CD 34457 4161 22 salts salt NNS 34457 4161 23 but but CC 34457 4161 24 only only RB 34457 4161 25 for for IN 34457 4161 26 sodium sodium NN 34457 4161 27 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4161 28 , , , 34457 4161 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4161 30 is be VBZ 34457 4161 31 evident evident JJ 34457 4161 32 that that IN 34457 4161 33 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4161 34 have have VBP 34457 4161 35 then then RB 34457 4161 36 to to TO 34457 4161 37 do do VB 34457 4161 38 with with IN 34457 4161 39 solutions solution NNS 34457 4161 40 the the DT 34457 4161 41 composition composition NN 34457 4161 42 of of IN 34457 4161 43 which which WDT 34457 4161 44 is be VBZ 34457 4161 45 represented represent VBN 34457 4161 46 by by IN 34457 4161 47 points point NNS 34457 4161 48 in in IN 34457 4161 49 the the DT 34457 4161 50 area area NN 34457 4161 51 P_{1}P_{2}I P_{1}P_{2}I NNP 34457 4161 52 , , , 34457 4161 53 IV IV NNP 34457 4161 54 . . . 34457 4162 1 Since since IN 34457 4162 2 in in IN 34457 4162 3 the the DT 34457 4162 4 commercial commercial JJ 34457 4162 5 manufacture manufacture NN 34457 4162 6 , , , 34457 4162 7 the the DT 34457 4162 8 aim aim NN 34457 4162 9 must must MD 34457 4162 10 be be VB 34457 4162 11 to to TO 34457 4162 12 obtain obtain VB 34457 4162 13 as as IN 34457 4162 14 complete complete JJ 34457 4162 15 a a DT 34457 4162 16 utilization utilization NN 34457 4162 17 of of IN 34457 4162 18 the the DT 34457 4162 19 materials material NNS 34457 4162 20 as as IN 34457 4162 21 possible possible JJ 34457 4162 22 , , , 34457 4162 23 the the DT 34457 4162 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 4162 25 employed employ VBN 34457 4162 26 industrially industrially RB 34457 4162 27 must must MD 34457 4162 28 lie lie VB 34457 4162 29 in in IN 34457 4162 30 the the DT 34457 4162 31 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 4162 32 of of IN 34457 4162 33 the the DT 34457 4162 34 curves curve NNS 34457 4162 35 P_{2}P_{1}IV p_{2}p_{1}iv RB 34457 4162 36 , , , 34457 4162 37 as as IN 34457 4162 38 is be VBZ 34457 4162 39 indicated indicate VBN 34457 4162 40 by by IN 34457 4162 41 the the DT 34457 4162 42 shaded shaded JJ 34457 4162 43 portion portion NN 34457 4162 44 in in IN 34457 4162 45 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4162 46 . . . 34457 4163 1 127 127 CD 34457 4163 2 . . . 34457 4164 1 The the DT 34457 4164 2 best good JJS 34457 4164 3 results result NNS 34457 4164 4 , , , 34457 4164 5 from from IN 34457 4164 6 the the DT 34457 4164 7 manufacturer manufacturer NN 34457 4164 8 's 's POS 34457 4164 9 standpoint standpoint NN 34457 4164 10 , , , 34457 4164 11 will will MD 34457 4164 12 be be VB 34457 4164 13 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4164 14 , , , 34457 4164 15 as as IN 34457 4164 16 already already RB 34457 4164 17 stated state VBN 34457 4164 18 , , , 34457 4164 19 when when WRB 34457 4164 20 the the DT 34457 4164 21 composition composition NN 34457 4164 22 of of IN 34457 4164 23 the the DT 34457 4164 24 solutions solution NNS 34457 4164 25 approaches approach VBZ 34457 4164 26 that that WDT 34457 4164 27 given give VBN 34457 4164 28 by by IN 34457 4164 29 a a DT 34457 4164 30 point point NN 34457 4164 31 on on IN 34457 4164 32 the the DT 34457 4164 33 curve curve NN 34457 4164 34 P_{2}P_{1 P_{2}P_{1 NNP 34457 4164 35 } } -RRB- 34457 4164 36 . . . 34457 4165 1 Considered consider VBN 34457 4165 2 from from IN 34457 4165 3 the the DT 34457 4165 4 chemical chemical NN 34457 4165 5 standpoint standpoint NN 34457 4165 6 , , , 34457 4165 7 the the DT 34457 4165 8 results result NNS 34457 4165 9 of of IN 34457 4165 10 the the DT 34457 4165 11 experiments experiment NNS 34457 4165 12 lead lead VBP 34457 4165 13 to to IN 34457 4165 14 the the DT 34457 4165 15 conclusion conclusion NN 34457 4165 16 that that IN 34457 4165 17 the the DT 34457 4165 18 Solvay Solvay NNP 34457 4165 19 process process NN 34457 4165 20 , , , 34457 4165 21 _ _ NNP 34457 4165 22 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 4165 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4165 24 passage passage NN 34457 4165 25 of of IN 34457 4165 26 carbon carbon NN 34457 4165 27 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4165 28 through through IN 34457 4165 29 a a DT 34457 4165 30 solution solution NN 34457 4165 31 of of IN 34457 4165 32 sodium sodium NN 34457 4165 33 chloride chloride NN 34457 4165 34 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4165 35 with with IN 34457 4165 36 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 4165 37 , , , 34457 4165 38 is be VBZ 34457 4165 39 not not RB 34457 4165 40 so so RB 34457 4165 41 good good JJ 34457 4165 42 as as IN 34457 4165 43 the the DT 34457 4165 44 newer new JJR 34457 4165 45 method method NN 34457 4165 46 of of IN 34457 4165 47 Schlösing Schlösing NNP 34457 4165 48 , , , 34457 4165 49 which which WDT 34457 4165 50 consists consist VBZ 34457 4165 51 in in IN 34457 4165 52 bringing bring VBG 34457 4165 53 together together RB 34457 4165 54 sodium sodium NN 34457 4165 55 chloride chloride NN 34457 4165 56 and and CC 34457 4165 57 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4165 58 bicarbonate bicarbonate NN 34457 4165 59 with with IN 34457 4165 60 water water NN 34457 4165 61 . . . 34457 4166 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4166 2 395 395 CD 34457 4166 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4166 4 { { -LRB- 34457 4166 5 326 326 CD 34457 4166 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4166 7 Preparation Preparation NNP 34457 4166 8 of of IN 34457 4166 9 Barium Barium NNP 34457 4166 10 Nitrite.--Mention nitrite.--mention NN 34457 4166 11 may may MD 34457 4166 12 also also RB 34457 4166 13 be be VB 34457 4166 14 made make VBN 34457 4166 15 here here RB 34457 4166 16 of of IN 34457 4166 17 the the DT 34457 4166 18 preparation preparation NN 34457 4166 19 of of IN 34457 4166 20 barium barium NN 34457 4166 21 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4166 22 by by IN 34457 4166 23 double double JJ 34457 4166 24 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 4166 25 of of IN 34457 4166 26 barium barium NN 34457 4166 27 chloride chloride NN 34457 4166 28 and and CC 34457 4166 29 sodium sodium NN 34457 4166 30 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4166 31 . . . 34457 4167 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4167 2 396 396 CD 34457 4167 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4167 4 The the DT 34457 4167 5 reaction reaction NN 34457 4167 6 with with IN 34457 4167 7 which which WDT 34457 4167 8 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4167 9 are be VBP 34457 4167 10 dealing deal VBG 34457 4167 11 here here RB 34457 4167 12 is be VBZ 34457 4167 13 represented represent VBN 34457 4167 14 by by IN 34457 4167 15 the the DT 34457 4167 16 equation equation NN 34457 4167 17 BaCl_{2 bacl_{2 NN 34457 4167 18 } } -RRB- 34457 4167 19 + + CC 34457 4167 20 2NaNO_{2 2nano_{2 CD 34457 4167 21 } } -RRB- 34457 4167 22 = = NFP 34457 4167 23 2NaCl 2nacl CD 34457 4167 24 + + SYM 34457 4167 25 Ba(NO_{2})_{2 ba(no_{2})_{2 NN 34457 4167 26 } } -RRB- 34457 4167 27 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4167 28 was be VBD 34457 4167 29 found find VBN 34457 4167 30 that that IN 34457 4167 31 at at IN 34457 4167 32 the the DT 34457 4167 33 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 4167 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 4167 35 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4167 36 and and CC 34457 4167 37 Ba(NO_{2})_{2 Ba(NO_{2})_{2 NNP 34457 4167 38 } } -RRB- 34457 4167 39 form form VBP 34457 4167 40 the the DT 34457 4167 41 stable stable JJ 34457 4167 42 salt salt NN 34457 4167 43 - - HYPH 34457 4167 44 pair pair NN 34457 4167 45 . . . 34457 4168 1 If if IN 34457 4168 2 , , , 34457 4168 3 therefore therefore RB 34457 4168 4 , , , 34457 4168 5 barium barium NN 34457 4168 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 4168 7 and and CC 34457 4168 8 sodium sodium NN 34457 4168 9 nitrite nitrite NNP 34457 4168 10 are be VBP 34457 4168 11 brought bring VBN 34457 4168 12 together together RB 34457 4168 13 with with IN 34457 4168 14 an an DT 34457 4168 15 amount amount NN 34457 4168 16 of of IN 34457 4168 17 water water NN 34457 4168 18 insufficient insufficient JJ 34457 4168 19 for for IN 34457 4168 20 complete complete JJ 34457 4168 21 solution solution NN 34457 4168 22 , , , 34457 4168 23 transformation transformation NN 34457 4168 24 to to IN 34457 4168 25 the the DT 34457 4168 26 stable stable JJ 34457 4168 27 salt salt NN 34457 4168 28 - - HYPH 34457 4168 29 pair pair NN 34457 4168 30 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4168 31 , , , 34457 4168 32 and and CC 34457 4168 33 sodium sodium NN 34457 4168 34 chloride chloride NN 34457 4168 35 and and CC 34457 4168 36 barium barium NN 34457 4168 37 nitrite nitrite NNP 34457 4168 38 are be VBP 34457 4168 39 deposited deposit VBN 34457 4168 40 . . . 34457 4169 1 When when WRB 34457 4169 2 , , , 34457 4169 3 however however RB 34457 4169 4 , , , 34457 4169 5 a a DT 34457 4169 6 stable stable JJ 34457 4169 7 salt salt NN 34457 4169 8 - - HYPH 34457 4169 9 pair pair NN 34457 4169 10 is be VBZ 34457 4169 11 in in IN 34457 4169 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4169 13 transition transition NN 34457 4169 14 interval interval NN 34457 4169 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4169 16 p. p. NN 34457 4169 17 315 315 CD 34457 4169 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4169 19 , , , 34457 4169 20 a a DT 34457 4169 21 third third JJ 34457 4169 22 salt salt NN 34457 4169 23 -- -- : 34457 4169 24 in in IN 34457 4169 25 this this DT 34457 4169 26 case case NN 34457 4169 27 barium barium NN 34457 4169 28 chloride chloride NN 34457 4169 29 -- -- : 34457 4169 30 will will MD 34457 4169 31 be be VB 34457 4169 32 deposited deposit VBN 34457 4169 33 , , , 34457 4169 34 as as IN 34457 4169 35 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4169 36 have have VBP 34457 4169 37 already already RB 34457 4169 38 learned learn VBN 34457 4169 39 . . . 34457 4170 1 On on IN 34457 4170 2 bringing bring VBG 34457 4170 3 barium barium NN 34457 4170 4 chloride chloride NN 34457 4170 5 and and CC 34457 4170 6 sodium sodium NN 34457 4170 7 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4170 8 together together RB 34457 4170 9 with with IN 34457 4170 10 water water NN 34457 4170 11 , , , 34457 4170 12 therefore therefore RB 34457 4170 13 , , , 34457 4170 14 three three CD 34457 4170 15 solid solid JJ 34457 4170 16 phases phase NNS 34457 4170 17 are be VBP 34457 4170 18 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4170 19 , , , 34457 4170 20 viz viz NN 34457 4170 21 . . . 34457 4171 1 BaCl_{2 BaCl_{2 NNP 34457 4171 2 } } -RRB- 34457 4171 3 , , , 34457 4171 4 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 4171 5 , , , 34457 4171 6 Ba(NO_{2})_{2 Ba(NO_{2})_{2 NNP 34457 4171 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4171 8 . . . 34457 4172 1 These these DT 34457 4172 2 three three CD 34457 4172 3 phases phase NNS 34457 4172 4 , , , 34457 4172 5 together together RB 34457 4172 6 with with IN 34457 4172 7 solution solution NN 34457 4172 8 and and CC 34457 4172 9 vapour vapour NN 34457 4172 10 , , , 34457 4172 11 constitute constitute VB 34457 4172 12 a a DT 34457 4172 13 univariant univariant JJ 34457 4172 14 system system NN 34457 4172 15 , , , 34457 4172 16 so so IN 34457 4172 17 that that IN 34457 4172 18 at at IN 34457 4172 19 each each DT 34457 4172 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 4172 21 the the DT 34457 4172 22 composition composition NN 34457 4172 23 of of IN 34457 4172 24 the the DT 34457 4172 25 solution solution NN 34457 4172 26 must must MD 34457 4172 27 be be VB 34457 4172 28 constant constant JJ 34457 4172 29 . . . 34457 4173 1 Witt Witt NNP 34457 4173 2 and and CC 34457 4173 3 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 34457 4173 4 found find VBD 34457 4173 5 that that IN 34457 4173 6 the the DT 34457 4173 7 presence presence NN 34457 4173 8 of of IN 34457 4173 9 solid solid JJ 34457 4173 10 barium barium NN 34457 4173 11 chloride chloride NN 34457 4173 12 can can MD 34457 4173 13 be be VB 34457 4173 14 prevented prevent VBN 34457 4173 15 by by IN 34457 4173 16 adding add VBG 34457 4173 17 an an DT 34457 4173 18 excess excess NN 34457 4173 19 of of IN 34457 4173 20 sodium sodium NN 34457 4173 21 nitrite nitrite NN 34457 4173 22 , , , 34457 4173 23 as as IN 34457 4173 24 can can MD 34457 4173 25 be be VB 34457 4173 26 readily readily RB 34457 4173 27 foreseen foresee VBN 34457 4173 28 from from IN 34457 4173 29 what what WP 34457 4173 30 has have VBZ 34457 4173 31 been be VBN 34457 4173 32 said say VBN 34457 4173 33 . . . 34457 4174 1 Since since IN 34457 4174 2 the the DT 34457 4174 3 solution solution NN 34457 4174 4 in in IN 34457 4174 5 presence presence NN 34457 4174 6 of of IN 34457 4174 7 the the DT 34457 4174 8 three three CD 34457 4174 9 solid solid JJ 34457 4174 10 phases phase NNS 34457 4174 11 must must MD 34457 4174 12 have have VB 34457 4174 13 a a DT 34457 4174 14 definite definite JJ 34457 4174 15 composition composition NN 34457 4174 16 at at IN 34457 4174 17 a a DT 34457 4174 18 definite definite JJ 34457 4174 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 4174 20 , , , 34457 4174 21 the the DT 34457 4174 22 addition addition NN 34457 4174 23 of of IN 34457 4174 24 sodium sodium NN 34457 4174 25 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4174 26 to to IN 34457 4174 27 the the DT 34457 4174 28 solution solution NN 34457 4174 29 must must MD 34457 4174 30 have have VB 34457 4174 31 , , , 34457 4174 32 as as IN 34457 4174 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4174 34 consequence consequence NN 34457 4174 35 , , , 34457 4174 36 the the DT 34457 4174 37 solution solution NN 34457 4174 38 of of IN 34457 4174 39 an an DT 34457 4174 40 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4174 41 amount amount NN 34457 4174 42 of of IN 34457 4174 43 barium barium NN 34457 4174 44 chloride chloride NN 34457 4174 45 , , , 34457 4174 46 and and CC 34457 4174 47 the the DT 34457 4174 48 deposition deposition NN 34457 4174 49 of of IN 34457 4174 50 an an DT 34457 4174 51 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4174 52 amount amount NN 34457 4174 53 of of IN 34457 4174 54 sodium sodium NN 34457 4174 55 chloride chloride NN 34457 4174 56 and and CC 34457 4174 57 barium barium NN 34457 4174 58 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4174 59 . . . 34457 4175 1 By by IN 34457 4175 2 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 4175 3 addition addition NN 34457 4175 4 of of IN 34457 4175 5 sodium sodium NN 34457 4175 6 nitrite nitrite NNP 34457 4175 7 , , , 34457 4175 8 the the DT 34457 4175 9 complete complete JJ 34457 4175 10 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 4175 11 of of IN 34457 4175 12 the the DT 34457 4175 13 solid solid JJ 34457 4175 14 barium barium NN 34457 4175 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 4175 16 can can MD 34457 4175 17 be be VB 34457 4175 18 effected effect VBN 34457 4175 19 , , , 34457 4175 20 and and CC 34457 4175 21 there there EX 34457 4175 22 will will MD 34457 4175 23 remain remain VB 34457 4175 24 only only RB 34457 4175 25 the the DT 34457 4175 26 stable stable JJ 34457 4175 27 salt salt NN 34457 4175 28 - - HYPH 34457 4175 29 pair pair NN 34457 4175 30 sodium sodium NN 34457 4175 31 chloride chloride NN 34457 4175 32 and and CC 34457 4175 33 barium barium NN 34457 4175 34 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4175 35 . . . 34457 4176 1 As as IN 34457 4176 2 was be VBD 34457 4176 3 pointed point VBN 34457 4176 4 out out RP 34457 4176 5 by by IN 34457 4176 6 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 4176 7 , , , 34457 4176 8 however however RB 34457 4176 9 , , , 34457 4176 10 the the DT 34457 4176 11 disappearance disappearance NN 34457 4176 12 of of IN 34457 4176 13 the the DT 34457 4176 14 barium barium NN 34457 4176 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 4176 16 is be VBZ 34457 4176 17 effected effect VBN 34457 4176 18 , , , 34457 4176 19 not not RB 34457 4176 20 by by IN 34457 4176 21 a a DT 34457 4176 22 change change NN 34457 4176 23 in in IN 34457 4176 24 the the DT 34457 4176 25 { { -LRB- 34457 4176 26 327 327 CD 34457 4176 27 } } -RRB- 34457 4176 28 composition composition NN 34457 4176 29 of of IN 34457 4176 30 the the DT 34457 4176 31 solution solution NN 34457 4176 32 , , , 34457 4176 33 but but CC 34457 4176 34 by by IN 34457 4176 35 the the DT 34457 4176 36 necessity necessity NN 34457 4176 37 for for IN 34457 4176 38 the the DT 34457 4176 39 composition composition NN 34457 4176 40 of of IN 34457 4176 41 the the DT 34457 4176 42 solution solution NN 34457 4176 43 remaining remain VBG 34457 4176 44 constant constant JJ 34457 4176 45 . . . 34457 4177 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4177 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4177 3 : : : 34457 4177 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4177 5 . . . 34457 4178 1 128 128 CD 34457 4178 2 . . . 34457 4178 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4179 1 Barium barium NN 34457 4179 2 Carbonate Carbonate NNP 34457 4179 3 and and CC 34457 4179 4 Potassium Potassium NNP 34457 4179 5 Sulphate.--As Sulphate.--As NNP 34457 4179 6 has have VBZ 34457 4179 7 been be VBN 34457 4179 8 found find VBN 34457 4179 9 by by IN 34457 4179 10 Meyerhoffer,[397 meyerhoffer,[397 PRP 34457 4179 11 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4179 12 these these DT 34457 4179 13 two two CD 34457 4179 14 salts salt NNS 34457 4179 15 form form VBP 34457 4179 16 the the DT 34457 4179 17 stable stable JJ 34457 4179 18 pair pair NN 34457 4179 19 , , , 34457 4179 20 not not RB 34457 4179 21 only only RB 34457 4179 22 at at IN 34457 4179 23 the the DT 34457 4179 24 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 4179 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 4179 26 , , , 34457 4179 27 but but CC 34457 4179 28 also also RB 34457 4179 29 at at IN 34457 4179 30 the the DT 34457 4179 31 melting melting NN 34457 4179 32 point point NN 34457 4179 33 . . . 34457 4180 1 For for IN 34457 4180 2 the the DT 34457 4180 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 4180 4 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4180 5 this this DT 34457 4180 6 was be VBD 34457 4180 7 proved prove VBN 34457 4180 8 in in IN 34457 4180 9 the the DT 34457 4180 10 following following JJ 34457 4180 11 manner manner NN 34457 4180 12 : : : 34457 4180 13 A a DT 34457 4180 14 solution solution NN 34457 4180 15 with with IN 34457 4180 16 the the DT 34457 4180 17 solid solid JJ 34457 4180 18 phases phase NNS 34457 4180 19 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4180 20 } } -RRB- 34457 4180 21 and and CC 34457 4180 22 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O NNPS 34457 4180 23 in in IN 34457 4180 24 excess excess NN 34457 4180 25 can can MD 34457 4180 26 only only RB 34457 4180 27 coexist coexist VB 34457 4180 28 in in IN 34457 4180 29 contact contact NN 34457 4180 30 either either CC 34457 4180 31 with with IN 34457 4180 32 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4180 33 } } -RRB- 34457 4180 34 or or CC 34457 4180 35 with with IN 34457 4180 36 BaSO_{4 BaSO_{4 NNP 34457 4180 37 } } -RRB- 34457 4180 38 , , , 34457 4180 39 since since IN 34457 4180 40 , , , 34457 4180 41 evidently evidently RB 34457 4180 42 , , , 34457 4180 43 in in IN 34457 4180 44 one one CD 34457 4180 45 of of IN 34457 4180 46 the the DT 34457 4180 47 two two CD 34457 4180 48 groups group NNS 34457 4180 49 the the DT 34457 4180 50 stable stable JJ 34457 4180 51 system system NN 34457 4180 52 must must MD 34457 4180 53 be be VB 34457 4180 54 present present JJ 34457 4180 55 . . . 34457 4181 1 Two two CD 34457 4181 2 solutions solution NNS 34457 4181 3 were be VBD 34457 4181 4 prepared prepare VBN 34457 4181 5 , , , 34457 4181 6 each each DT 34457 4181 7 with with IN 34457 4181 8 excess excess NN 34457 4181 9 of of IN 34457 4181 10 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4181 11 } } -RRB- 34457 4181 12 + + CC 34457 4181 13 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O k_{2}co_{3}.2h_{2}o UH 34457 4181 14 , , , 34457 4181 15 { { -LRB- 34457 4181 16 328 328 CD 34457 4181 17 } } -RRB- 34457 4181 18 and and CC 34457 4181 19 to to IN 34457 4181 20 one one CD 34457 4181 21 was be VBD 34457 4181 22 added add VBN 34457 4181 23 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4181 24 } } -RRB- 34457 4181 25 and and CC 34457 4181 26 to to IN 34457 4181 27 the the DT 34457 4181 28 other other JJ 34457 4181 29 BaSO_{4 baso_{4 NN 34457 4181 30 } } -RRB- 34457 4181 31 . . . 34457 4182 1 After after IN 34457 4182 2 stirring stir VBG 34457 4182 3 for for IN 34457 4182 4 a a DT 34457 4182 5 few few JJ 34457 4182 6 days day NNS 34457 4182 7 , , , 34457 4182 8 the the DT 34457 4182 9 barium barium NN 34457 4182 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4182 11 was be VBD 34457 4182 12 completely completely RB 34457 4182 13 transformed transform VBN 34457 4182 14 to to IN 34457 4182 15 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4182 16 } } -RRB- 34457 4182 17 , , , 34457 4182 18 whereas whereas IN 34457 4182 19 the the DT 34457 4182 20 barium barium NN 34457 4182 21 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 4182 22 remained remain VBD 34457 4182 23 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 4182 24 . . . 34457 4183 1 Consequently consequently RB 34457 4183 2 , , , 34457 4183 3 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4183 4 } } -RRB- 34457 4183 5 + + SYM 34457 4183 6 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4183 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4183 8 + + NFP 34457 4183 9 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O NNP 34457 4183 10 is be VBZ 34457 4183 11 stable stable JJ 34457 4183 12 , , , 34457 4183 13 and and CC 34457 4183 14 , , , 34457 4183 15 therefore therefore RB 34457 4183 16 , , , 34457 4183 17 so so RB 34457 4183 18 also also RB 34457 4183 19 is be VBZ 34457 4183 20 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4183 21 } } -RRB- 34457 4183 22 + + SYM 34457 4183 23 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4183 24 } } -RRB- 34457 4183 25 . . . 34457 4184 1 That that DT 34457 4184 2 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4184 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4184 4 + + SYM 34457 4184 5 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4184 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4184 7 is be VBZ 34457 4184 8 the the DT 34457 4184 9 stable stable JJ 34457 4184 10 pair pair NN 34457 4184 11 also also RB 34457 4184 12 at at IN 34457 4184 13 the the DT 34457 4184 14 melting melting NN 34457 4184 15 point point NN 34457 4184 16 was be VBD 34457 4184 17 proved prove VBN 34457 4184 18 by by IN 34457 4184 19 a a DT 34457 4184 20 special special JJ 34457 4184 21 analytical analytical JJ 34457 4184 22 method method NN 34457 4184 23 which which WDT 34457 4184 24 allows allow VBZ 34457 4184 25 of of IN 34457 4184 26 the the DT 34457 4184 27 detection detection NN 34457 4184 28 of of IN 34457 4184 29 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4184 30 } } -RRB- 34457 4184 31 in in IN 34457 4184 32 a a DT 34457 4184 33 mixture mixture NN 34457 4184 34 of of IN 34457 4184 35 the the DT 34457 4184 36 four four CD 34457 4184 37 solid solid JJ 34457 4184 38 salts salt NNS 34457 4184 39 . . . 34457 4185 1 This this DT 34457 4185 2 analysis analysis NN 34457 4185 3 showed show VBD 34457 4185 4 that that IN 34457 4185 5 a a DT 34457 4185 6 mixture mixture NN 34457 4185 7 of of IN 34457 4185 8 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4185 9 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 10 + + SYM 34457 4185 11 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4185 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 13 , , , 34457 4185 14 after after IN 34457 4185 15 being be VBG 34457 4185 16 fused fuse VBN 34457 4185 17 and and CC 34457 4185 18 allowed allow VBN 34457 4185 19 to to TO 34457 4185 20 solidify solidify VB 34457 4185 21 , , , 34457 4185 22 contains contain VBZ 34457 4185 23 only only RB 34457 4185 24 small small JJ 34457 4185 25 amounts amount NNS 34457 4185 26 of of IN 34457 4185 27 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4185 28 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 29 ; ; : 34457 4185 30 and and CC 34457 4185 31 this this DT 34457 4185 32 is be VBZ 34457 4185 33 due due JJ 34457 4185 34 entirely entirely RB 34457 4185 35 to to IN 34457 4185 36 the the DT 34457 4185 37 fact fact NN 34457 4185 38 that that IN 34457 4185 39 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4185 40 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 41 + + SYM 34457 4185 42 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4185 43 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 44 on on IN 34457 4185 45 fusion fusion NN 34457 4185 46 deposits deposit NNS 34457 4185 47 a a DT 34457 4185 48 little little JJ 34457 4185 49 BaSO_{4 baso_{4 JJ 34457 4185 50 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 51 , , , 34457 4185 52 thereby thereby RB 34457 4185 53 giving give VBG 34457 4185 54 rise rise NN 34457 4185 55 at at IN 34457 4185 56 the the DT 34457 4185 57 same same JJ 34457 4185 58 time time NN 34457 4185 59 to to IN 34457 4185 60 the the DT 34457 4185 61 separation separation NN 34457 4185 62 of of IN 34457 4185 63 an an DT 34457 4185 64 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4185 65 amount amount NN 34457 4185 66 of of IN 34457 4185 67 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4185 68 } } -RRB- 34457 4185 69 . . . 34457 4186 1 The the DT 34457 4186 2 different different JJ 34457 4186 3 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 4186 4 are be VBP 34457 4186 5 shown show VBN 34457 4186 6 in in IN 34457 4186 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4186 8 . . . 34457 4187 1 128 128 CD 34457 4187 2 . . . 34457 4188 1 In in IN 34457 4188 2 this this DT 34457 4188 3 diagram diagram NN 34457 4188 4 the the DT 34457 4188 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 4188 6 of of IN 34457 4188 7 the the DT 34457 4188 8 two two CD 34457 4188 9 barium barium NN 34457 4188 10 salts salt NNS 34457 4188 11 has have VBZ 34457 4188 12 been be VBN 34457 4188 13 neglected neglect VBN 34457 4188 14 . . . 34457 4189 1 A a DT 34457 4189 2 is be VBZ 34457 4189 3 the the DT 34457 4189 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 4189 5 of of IN 34457 4189 6 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O NNP 34457 4189 7 ; ; : 34457 4189 8 addition addition NN 34457 4189 9 of of IN 34457 4189 10 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4189 11 } } -RRB- 34457 4189 12 does do VBZ 34457 4189 13 not not RB 34457 4189 14 alter alter VB 34457 4189 15 this this DT 34457 4189 16 . . . 34457 4190 1 B b NN 34457 4190 2 is be VBZ 34457 4190 3 the the DT 34457 4190 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 4190 5 of of IN 34457 4190 6 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O NNP 34457 4190 7 + + SYM 34457 4190 8 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4190 9 } } -RRB- 34457 4190 10 + + CC 34457 4190 11 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4190 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4190 13 . . . 34457 4191 1 A a DT 34457 4191 2 and and CC 34457 4191 3 B b NN 34457 4191 4 almost almost RB 34457 4191 5 coincide coincide RB 34457 4191 6 , , , 34457 4191 7 since since IN 34457 4191 8 the the DT 34457 4191 9 potassium potassium NN 34457 4191 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4191 11 is be VBZ 34457 4191 12 very very RB 34457 4191 13 slightly slightly RB 34457 4191 14 soluble soluble JJ 34457 4191 15 in in IN 34457 4191 16 the the DT 34457 4191 17 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 4191 18 solution solution NN 34457 4191 19 of of IN 34457 4191 20 potassium potassium NN 34457 4191 21 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 4191 22 . . . 34457 4192 1 D D NNP 34457 4192 2 gives give VBZ 34457 4192 3 the the DT 34457 4192 4 concentration concentration NN 34457 4192 5 of of IN 34457 4192 6 the the DT 34457 4192 7 solution solution NN 34457 4192 8 in in IN 34457 4192 9 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4192 10 with with IN 34457 4192 11 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4192 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4192 13 + + CC 34457 4192 14 BaSO_{4 baso_{4 UH 34457 4192 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4192 16 . . . 34457 4193 1 The the DT 34457 4193 2 most most RBS 34457 4193 3 interesting interesting JJ 34457 4193 4 point point NN 34457 4193 5 is be VBZ 34457 4193 6 C. C. NNP 34457 4193 7 This this DT 34457 4193 8 solution solution NN 34457 4193 9 is be VBZ 34457 4193 10 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4193 11 by by IN 34457 4193 12 adding add VBG 34457 4193 13 a a DT 34457 4193 14 small small JJ 34457 4193 15 quantity quantity NN 34457 4193 16 of of IN 34457 4193 17 water water NN 34457 4193 18 to to IN 34457 4193 19 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4193 20 } } -RRB- 34457 4193 21 + + CC 34457 4193 22 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4193 23 } } -RRB- 34457 4193 24 , , , 34457 4193 25 whereupon whereupon NN 34457 4193 26 , , , 34457 4193 27 being be VBG 34457 4193 28 in in IN 34457 4193 29 the the DT 34457 4193 30 transition transition NN 34457 4193 31 interval interval NN 34457 4193 32 , , , 34457 4193 33 BaSO_{4 BaSO_{4 NNP 34457 4193 34 } } -RRB- 34457 4193 35 separates separate VBZ 34457 4193 36 out out RP 34457 4193 37 and and CC 34457 4193 38 an an DT 34457 4193 39 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 4193 40 amount amount NN 34457 4193 41 of of IN 34457 4193 42 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4193 43 } } -RRB- 34457 4193 44 goes go VBZ 34457 4193 45 into into IN 34457 4193 46 solution solution NN 34457 4193 47 . . . 34457 4194 1 C C NNP 34457 4194 2 is be VBZ 34457 4194 3 the the DT 34457 4194 4 end end NN 34457 4194 5 point point NN 34457 4194 6 of of IN 34457 4194 7 the the DT 34457 4194 8 curve curve NN 34457 4194 9 CO CO NNP 34457 4194 10 , , , 34457 4194 11 which which WDT 34457 4194 12 is be VBZ 34457 4194 13 called call VBN 34457 4194 14 the the DT 34457 4194 15 Guldberg Guldberg NNP 34457 4194 16 - - HYPH 34457 4194 17 Waage Waage NNP 34457 4194 18 curve curve NN 34457 4194 19 , , , 34457 4194 20 because because IN 34457 4194 21 these these DT 34457 4194 22 investigators investigator NNS 34457 4194 23 determined determine VBD 34457 4194 24 several several JJ 34457 4194 25 points point NNS 34457 4194 26 on on IN 34457 4194 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4194 28 . . . 34457 4195 1 In in IN 34457 4195 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4195 3 experiments experiment NNS 34457 4195 4 , , , 34457 4195 5 Guldberg Guldberg NNP 34457 4195 6 and and CC 34457 4195 7 Waage Waage NNP 34457 4195 8 found find VBD 34457 4195 9 the the DT 34457 4195 10 ratio ratio NN 34457 4195 11 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4195 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4195 13 : : : 34457 4195 14 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4195 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4195 16 in in IN 34457 4195 17 solution solution NN 34457 4195 18 to to TO 34457 4195 19 be be VB 34457 4195 20 constant constant JJ 34457 4195 21 and and CC 34457 4195 22 equal equal JJ 34457 4195 23 to to IN 34457 4195 24 4 4 CD 34457 4195 25 . . . 34457 4196 1 This this DT 34457 4196 2 result result NN 34457 4196 3 is be VBZ 34457 4196 4 , , , 34457 4196 5 however however RB 34457 4196 6 , , , 34457 4196 7 not not RB 34457 4196 8 exact exact JJ 34457 4196 9 , , , 34457 4196 10 for for IN 34457 4196 11 the the DT 34457 4196 12 curve curve NN 34457 4196 13 CO CO NNP 34457 4196 14 is be VBZ 34457 4196 15 not not RB 34457 4196 16 a a DT 34457 4196 17 straight straight JJ 34457 4196 18 line line NN 34457 4196 19 , , , 34457 4196 20 as as IN 34457 4196 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4196 22 should should MD 34457 4196 23 be be VB 34457 4196 24 if if IN 34457 4196 25 the the DT 34457 4196 26 above above JJ 34457 4196 27 ratio ratio NN 34457 4196 28 were be VBD 34457 4196 29 constant constant JJ 34457 4196 30 ; ; : 34457 4196 31 but but CC 34457 4196 32 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4196 33 is be VBZ 34457 4196 34 concave concave NNP 34457 4196 35 to to IN 34457 4196 36 the the DT 34457 4196 37 abscissa abscissa NNP 34457 4196 38 axis axis NNP 34457 4196 39 , , , 34457 4196 40 and and CC 34457 4196 41 more more RBR 34457 4196 42 so so RB 34457 4196 43 at at IN 34457 4196 44 lower low JJR 34457 4196 45 than than IN 34457 4196 46 at at IN 34457 4196 47 higher high JJR 34457 4196 48 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4196 49 . . . 34457 4197 1 The the DT 34457 4197 2 following follow VBG 34457 4197 3 table table NN 34457 4197 4 refers refer VBZ 34457 4197 5 to to IN 34457 4197 6 the the DT 34457 4197 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 4197 8 of of IN 34457 4197 9 25 25 NNP 34457 4197 10 ° ° NNS 34457 4197 11 . . . 34457 4198 1 The the DT 34457 4198 2 Roman roman JJ 34457 4198 3 numbers number NNS 34457 4198 4 in in IN 34457 4198 5 the the DT 34457 4198 6 first first JJ 34457 4198 7 column column NN 34457 4198 8 refer refer NN 34457 4198 9 to to IN 34457 4198 10 the the DT 34457 4198 11 points point NNS 34457 4198 12 in in IN 34457 4198 13 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4198 14 . . . 34457 4199 1 128 128 CD 34457 4199 2 . . . 34457 4200 1 The the DT 34457 4200 2 numbers number NNS 34457 4200 3 in in IN 34457 4200 4 the the DT 34457 4200 5 column column NN 34457 4200 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4200 7 Sigma]_k__{2 Sigma]_k__{2 NNP 34457 4200 8 } } -RRB- 34457 4200 9 give give VB 34457 4200 10 the the DT 34457 4200 11 amount amount NN 34457 4200 12 , , , 34457 4200 13 { { -LRB- 34457 4200 14 329 329 CD 34457 4200 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4200 16 in in IN 34457 4200 17 gram gram NN 34457 4200 18 - - HYPH 34457 4200 19 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4200 20 , , , 34457 4200 21 of of IN 34457 4200 22 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4200 23 } } -RRB- 34457 4200 24 + + SYM 34457 4200 25 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4200 26 } } -RRB- 34457 4200 27 contained contain VBD 34457 4200 28 in in IN 34457 4200 29 1000 1000 CD 34457 4200 30 gram gram NN 34457 4200 31 - - HYPH 34457 4200 32 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4200 33 of of IN 34457 4200 34 water:-- water:-- `` 34457 4200 35 SOLUBILITY SOLUBILITY NNP 34457 4200 36 DETERMINATIONS DETERMINATIONS NNP 34457 4200 37 AT AT NNP 34457 4200 38 25 25â CD 34457 4200 39 ° ° NNS 34457 4200 40 . . . 34457 4201 1 -----+-------------------------------------+-----------------------+ -----+-------------------------------------+-----------------------+ NFP 34457 4201 2 | | NNP 34457 4201 3 | | NNP 34457 4201 4 100 100 CD 34457 4201 5 gms gms NN 34457 4201 6 . . . 34457 4202 1 of of IN 34457 4202 2 the the DT 34457 4202 3 | | NNP 34457 4202 4 | | NNP 34457 4202 5 | | CD 34457 4202 6 solution solution NN 34457 4202 7 contain contain NN 34457 4202 8 , , , 34457 4202 9 | | NNP 34457 4202 10 No no NN 34457 4202 11 . . . 34457 4203 1 | | JJ 34457 4203 2 Solid solid JJ 34457 4203 3 phases phase NNS 34457 4203 4 . . . 34457 4204 1 | | NNP 34457 4204 2 in in IN 34457 4204 3 grams gram NNS 34457 4204 4 , , , 34457 4204 5 | | NNP 34457 4204 6 | | NNP 34457 4204 7 | | CD 34457 4204 8 | | CD 34457 4204 9 | | CD 34457 4204 10 | | CD 34457 4204 11 |K_{2}CO_{3}|K_{2}SO_{4}| |k_{2}co_{3}|k_{2}so_{4}| CD 34457 4204 12 -----+-------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ -----+-------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ : 34457 4204 13 I. i. NN 34457 4205 1 | | NNP 34457 4205 2 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O NNP 34457 4205 3 + + SYM 34457 4205 4 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4205 5 } } -RRB- 34457 4205 6 | | CD 34457 4205 7 53.2 53.2 CD 34457 4205 8 | | CD 34457 4205 9 -- -- : 34457 4205 10 | | CD 34457 4205 11 | | CD 34457 4205 12 | | CD 34457 4205 13 | | CD 34457 4205 14 | | NNP 34457 4205 15 II II NNP 34457 4205 16 . . . 34457 4206 1 | | NNP 34457 4206 2 { { -LRB- 34457 4206 3 K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O K_{2}CO_{3}.2H_{2}O NNP 34457 4206 4 + + SYM 34457 4206 5 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4206 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4206 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4206 8 | | CD 34457 4206 9 53.0 53.0 CD 34457 4206 10 | | CD 34457 4206 11 0.023 0.023 CD 34457 4206 12 | | CD 34457 4206 13 | | NNS 34457 4206 14 { { -LRB- 34457 4206 15 + + CC 34457 4206 16 BaCO_{3 baco_{3 NN 34457 4206 17 } } -RRB- 34457 4206 18 } } -RRB- 34457 4206 19 | | NNP 34457 4206 20 | | NNP 34457 4206 21 | | CD 34457 4206 22 | | CD 34457 4206 23 | | CD 34457 4206 24 | | CD 34457 4206 25 | | CD 34457 4206 26 III iii CD 34457 4206 27 . . . 34457 4207 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4207 2 | | NNP 34457 4207 3 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4207 4 } } -RRB- 34457 4207 5 + + CC 34457 4207 6 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4207 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4207 8 | | NNP 34457 4207 9 { { -LRB- 34457 4207 10 28.5 28.5 CD 34457 4207 11 | | CD 34457 4207 12 0.886 0.886 CD 34457 4207 13 | | NNP 34457 4207 14 IV IV NNP 34457 4207 15 . . . 34457 4208 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4208 2 | | CD 34457 4208 3 | | CD 34457 4208 4 { { -LRB- 34457 4208 5 22.1 22.1 CD 34457 4208 6 | | CD 34457 4208 7 1.72 1.72 CD 34457 4208 8 | | CD 34457 4208 9 | | CD 34457 4208 10 | | CD 34457 4208 11 | | CD 34457 4208 12 | | NNP 34457 4208 13 V. V. NNP 34457 4208 14 | | NNP 34457 4208 15 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4208 16 } } -RRB- 34457 4208 17 + + SYM 34457 4208 18 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4208 19 } } -RRB- 34457 4208 20 + + CC 34457 4208 21 BaSO_{4 baso_{4 NN 34457 4208 22 } } -RRB- 34457 4208 23 | | CD 34457 4208 24 17.81 17.81 CD 34457 4208 25 | | CD 34457 4208 26 2.485 2.485 CD 34457 4208 27 | | CD 34457 4208 28 | | CD 34457 4208 29 | | CD 34457 4208 30 | | CD 34457 4208 31 | | NNP 34457 4208 32 VI VI NNP 34457 4208 33 . . . 34457 4209 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4209 2 | | NNP 34457 4209 3 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4209 4 } } -RRB- 34457 4209 5 + + CC 34457 4209 6 BaSO_{4 BaSO_{4 NNP 34457 4209 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4209 8 | | CD 34457 4209 9 { { -LRB- 34457 4209 10 12.6 12.6 CD 34457 4209 11 | | CD 34457 4209 12 3.92 3.92 CD 34457 4209 13 | | NNP 34457 4209 14 VII vii NN 34457 4209 15 . . . 34457 4210 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4210 2 | | CD 34457 4210 3 | | CD 34457 4210 4 { { -LRB- 34457 4210 5 5.85 5.85 CD 34457 4210 6 | | CD 34457 4210 7 6.76 6.76 CD 34457 4210 8 | | CD 34457 4210 9 | | CD 34457 4210 10 | | CD 34457 4210 11 | | CD 34457 4210 12 | | CD 34457 4210 13 VIII.| viii.| CD 34457 4210 14 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4210 15 } } -RRB- 34457 4210 16 | | NNP 34457 4210 17 -- -- : 34457 4210 18 | | CD 34457 4210 19 10.76 10.76 CD 34457 4210 20 | | CD 34457 4210 21 | | CD 34457 4210 22 | | CD 34457 4210 23 | | CD 34457 4210 24 | | CD 34457 4210 25 IX ix NN 34457 4210 26 . . . 34457 4211 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4211 2 | | NNP 34457 4211 3 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4211 4 } } -RRB- 34457 4211 5 + + NFP 34457 4211 6 BaSO_{4 BaSO_{4 NNP 34457 4211 7 } } -RRB- 34457 4211 8 | | NNP 34457 4211 9 { { -LRB- 34457 4211 10 7.35 7.35 CD 34457 4211 11 | | NNP 34457 4211 12 0.602 0.602 CD 34457 4211 13 | | NNP 34457 4211 14 X. X. NNP 34457 4212 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4212 2 | | CD 34457 4212 3 | | CD 34457 4212 4 { { -LRB- 34457 4212 5 2.85 2.85 CD 34457 4212 6 | | CD 34457 4212 7 0.173 0.173 CD 34457 4212 8 | | NNS 34457 4212 9 -----+-------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ -----+-------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ , 34457 4212 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4212 11 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34457 4212 12 's 's POS 34457 4212 13 note note NN 34457 4212 14 : : : 34457 4212 15 table table NN 34457 4212 16 continued continue VBD 34457 4212 17 below below RB 34457 4212 18 ... ... NFP 34457 4212 19 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4212 20 -----+-----------------------+-----------------+----------- -----+-----------------------+-----------------+----------- : 34457 4212 21 | | CD 34457 4212 22 1000 1000 CD 34457 4212 23 moles mole NNS 34457 4212 24 | | NNP 34457 4212 25 | | CD 34457 4212 26 | | CD 34457 4212 27 of of IN 34457 4212 28 water water NN 34457 4212 29 contain contain NN 34457 4212 30 , , , 34457 4212 31 | | NNP 34457 4212 32 | | CD 34457 4212 33 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4212 34 } } -RRB- 34457 4212 35 No no UH 34457 4212 36 . . . 34457 4213 1 | | NNP 34457 4213 2 in in IN 34457 4213 3 moles mole NNS 34457 4213 4 , , , 34457 4213 5 |[Sigma]_k__{2 |[Sigma]_k__{2 NNP 34457 4213 6 } } -RRB- 34457 4213 7 | | NNP 34457 4213 8 ----------- ----------- NNP 34457 4213 9 | | NNP 34457 4213 10 | | CD 34457 4213 11 | | CD 34457 4213 12 | | CD 34457 4213 13 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4213 14 } } -RRB- 34457 4213 15 |K_{2}CO_{3}|K_{2}SO_{4}| |k_{2}co_{3}|k_{2}so_{4}| CD 34457 4213 16 | | CD 34457 4213 17 -----+-----------+-----------+-----------------+----------- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------------+----------- NN 34457 4213 18 I. i. NN 34457 4214 1 | | NNP 34457 4214 2 147.9 147.9 CD 34457 4214 3 | | CD 34457 4214 4 -- -- : 34457 4214 5 | | NNP 34457 4214 6 -- -- : 34457 4214 7 | | NNP 34457 4214 8 -- -- : 34457 4214 9 | | CD 34457 4214 10 | | CD 34457 4214 11 | | CD 34457 4214 12 | | NNP 34457 4214 13 II II NNP 34457 4214 14 . . . 34457 4215 1 | | NNP 34457 4215 2 147.8 147.8 CD 34457 4215 3 | | CD 34457 4215 4 0.051 0.051 CD 34457 4215 5 | | CD 34457 4215 6 -- -- : 34457 4215 7 | | NNP 34457 4215 8 -- -- : 34457 4215 9 | | CD 34457 4215 10 | | CD 34457 4215 11 | | CD 34457 4215 12 | | CD 34457 4215 13 | | CD 34457 4215 14 | | CD 34457 4215 15 | | CD 34457 4215 16 | | CD 34457 4215 17 III iii CD 34457 4215 18 . . . 34457 4216 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4216 2 | | CD 34457 4216 3 52.58 52.58 CD 34457 4216 4 | | CD 34457 4216 5 1.296 1.296 CD 34457 4216 6 | | CD 34457 4216 7 -- -- : 34457 4216 8 | | NNP 34457 4216 9 -- -- : 34457 4216 10 IV IV NNP 34457 4216 11 . . . 34457 4217 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4217 2 | | CD 34457 4217 3 37.79 37.79 CD 34457 4217 4 | | CD 34457 4217 5 2.333 2.333 CD 34457 4217 6 | | CD 34457 4217 7 -- -- : 34457 4217 8 | | NNP 34457 4217 9 -- -- : 34457 4217 10 | | CD 34457 4217 11 | | CD 34457 4217 12 | | NNP 34457 4217 13 | | NNP 34457 4217 14 V. V. NNP 34457 4217 15 | | CD 34457 4217 16 29.11 29.11 CD 34457 4217 17 | | CD 34457 4217 18 3.220 3.220 CD 34457 4217 19 | | CD 34457 4217 20 32.32 32.32 CD 34457 4217 21 | | CD 34457 4217 22 9.03 9.03 CD 34457 4217 23 | | CD 34457 4217 24 | | CD 34457 4217 25 | | CD 34457 4217 26 | | NNP 34457 4217 27 VI VI NNP 34457 4217 28 . . . 34457 4218 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4218 2 | | NNP 34457 4218 3 19.66 19.66 CD 34457 4218 4 | | CD 34457 4218 5 4.853 4.853 CD 34457 4218 6 | | CD 34457 4218 7 -- -- : 34457 4218 8 | | NNP 34457 4218 9 -- -- : 34457 4218 10 VII VII NNP 34457 4218 11 . . . 34457 4219 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4219 2 | | CD 34457 4219 3 8.724 8.724 CD 34457 4219 4 | | CD 34457 4219 5 7.995 7.995 CD 34457 4219 6 | | CD 34457 4219 7 -- -- : 34457 4219 8 | | NNP 34457 4219 9 -- -- : 34457 4219 10 | | CD 34457 4219 11 | | CD 34457 4219 12 | | CD 34457 4219 13 | | CD 34457 4219 14 VIII.| VIII.| NNS 34457 4219 15 -- -- : 34457 4219 16 | | CD 34457 4219 17 12.47 12.47 CD 34457 4219 18 | | CD 34457 4219 19 -- -- : 34457 4219 20 | | NNP 34457 4219 21 -- -- : 34457 4219 22 | | CD 34457 4219 23 | | CD 34457 4219 24 | | CD 34457 4219 25 | | CD 34457 4219 26 IX ix NN 34457 4219 27 . . . 34457 4220 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4220 2 | | CD 34457 4220 3 10.43 10.43 CD 34457 4220 4 | | CD 34457 4220 5 0.676 0.676 CD 34457 4220 6 | | CD 34457 4220 7 11.11 11.11 CD 34457 4220 8 | | CD 34457 4220 9 15.0 15.0 CD 34457 4220 10 X. x. NN 34457 4221 1 } } -RRB- 34457 4221 2 | | NNP 34457 4221 3 3.828 3.828 CD 34457 4221 4 | | CD 34457 4221 5 0.184 0.184 CD 34457 4221 6 | | CD 34457 4221 7 4.0 4.0 CD 34457 4221 8 | | CD 34457 4221 9 21.0 21.0 CD 34457 4221 10 -----+-----------+-----------+-----------------+----------- -----+-----------+-----------+-----------------+----------- NFP 34457 4221 11 The the DT 34457 4221 12 Guldberg Guldberg NNP 34457 4221 13 - - HYPH 34457 4221 14 Waage Waage NNP 34457 4221 15 curve curve NN 34457 4221 16 at at IN 34457 4221 17 100 100â CD 34457 4221 18 ° ° NNS 34457 4221 19 was be VBD 34457 4221 20 also also RB 34457 4221 21 determined determine VBN 34457 4221 22 , , , 34457 4221 23 and and CC 34457 4221 24 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4221 25 was be VBD 34457 4221 26 found find VBN 34457 4221 27 that that IN 34457 4221 28 the the DT 34457 4221 29 ratio ratio NN 34457 4221 30 K_{2}CO_{3 K_{2}CO_{3 NNP 34457 4221 31 } } -RRB- 34457 4221 32 : : : 34457 4221 33 K_{2}SO_{4 K_{2}SO_{4 NNP 34457 4221 34 } } -RRB- 34457 4221 35 is be VBZ 34457 4221 36 also also RB 34457 4221 37 not not RB 34457 4221 38 constant constant JJ 34457 4221 39 , , , 34457 4221 40 although although IN 34457 4221 41 the the DT 34457 4221 42 variations variation NNS 34457 4221 43 are be VBP 34457 4221 44 not not RB 34457 4221 45 so so RB 34457 4221 46 great great JJ 34457 4221 47 as as IN 34457 4221 48 at at IN 34457 4221 49 25 25â CD 34457 4221 50 ° ° NNS 34457 4221 51 . . . 34457 4222 1 GULDBERG GULDBERG NNP 34457 4222 2 - - HYPH 34457 4222 3 WAAGE waage NN 34457 4222 4 CURVE curve NN 34457 4222 5 AT at NN 34457 4222 6 100 100â CD 34457 4222 7 ° ° NNS 34457 4222 8 . . . 34457 4223 1 ----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------+------- ----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------+------- : 34457 4223 2 |100 |100 CD 34457 4223 3 moles mole NNS 34457 4223 4 of of IN 34457 4223 5 water water NN 34457 4223 6 | | HYPH 34457 4223 7 | | CD 34457 4223 8 K2CO3 K2CO3 NNP 34457 4223 9 Solid solid JJ 34457 4223 10 phases phase NNS 34457 4223 11 . . . 34457 4224 1 |contain |contain LS 34457 4224 2 , , , 34457 4224 3 in in IN 34457 4224 4 moles mole NNS 34457 4224 5 , , , 34457 4224 6 | | NNP 34457 4224 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4224 8 Sigma]_k__{2 Sigma]_k__{2 NNP 34457 4224 9 } } -RRB- 34457 4224 10 | | NNP 34457 4224 11 ----- ----- NNP 34457 4224 12 | | NNP 34457 4224 13 | | NNP 34457 4224 14 | | CD 34457 4224 15 | | CD 34457 4224 16 K2SO4 k2so4 NN 34457 4224 17 |K_{2}CO_{3}|K_{2}SO_{4}| |k_{2}co_{3}|k_{2}so_{4}| CD 34457 4224 18 | | NNP 34457 4224 19 ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+------- ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+------- NN 34457 4224 20 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4224 21 } } -RRB- 34457 4224 22 + + CC 34457 4224 23 K_{2}SO_{4}| k_{2}so_{4}| CD 34457 4224 24 23.9 23.9 CD 34457 4224 25 | | CD 34457 4224 26 12.65 12.65 CD 34457 4224 27 | | CD 34457 4224 28 35.65 35.65 CD 34457 4224 29 | | CD 34457 4224 30 1.82 1.82 CD 34457 4224 31 + + NN 34457 4224 32 BaSO_{4 BaSO_{4 NNP 34457 4224 33 } } -RRB- 34457 4224 34 | | NNP 34457 4224 35 | | NNP 34457 4224 36 | | NNP 34457 4224 37 | | CD 34457 4224 38 BaCO_{3 BaCO_{3 NNP 34457 4224 39 } } -RRB- 34457 4224 40 + + NNP 34457 4224 41 BaSO_{4 BaSO_{4 NNP 34457 4224 42 } } -RRB- 34457 4224 43 | | CD 34457 4224 44 6.28 6.28 CD 34457 4224 45 | | CD 34457 4224 46 2.02 2.02 CD 34457 4224 47 | | CD 34457 4224 48 8.3 8.3 CD 34457 4224 49 | | CD 34457 4224 50 3.1 3.1 CD 34457 4224 51 " " '' 34457 4224 52 " " `` 34457 4224 53 | | NNP 34457 4224 54 3.17 3.17 CD 34457 4224 55 | | CD 34457 4224 56 0.851 0.851 CD 34457 4224 57 | | CD 34457 4224 58 4.025 4.025 CD 34457 4224 59 | | CD 34457 4224 60 3.7 3.7 CD 34457 4224 61 ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+------- ----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+------- NFP 34457 4224 62 * * NFP 34457 4224 63 * * NFP 34457 4224 64 * * NFP 34457 4224 65 * * NFP 34457 4224 66 * * NFP 34457 4224 67 { { -LRB- 34457 4224 68 330 330 CD 34457 4224 69 } } -RRB- 34457 4224 70 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 34457 4224 71 EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL NNP 34457 4224 72 DETERMINATION DETERMINATION NNP 34457 4224 73 OF of IN 34457 4224 74 THE the DT 34457 4224 75 TRANSITION transition NN 34457 4224 76 POINT POINT NNS 34457 4224 77 For for IN 34457 4224 78 the the DT 34457 4224 79 purpose purpose NN 34457 4224 80 of of IN 34457 4224 81 determining determine VBG 34457 4224 82 the the DT 34457 4224 83 transition transition NN 34457 4224 84 temperature temperature NN 34457 4224 85 , , , 34457 4224 86 a a DT 34457 4224 87 number number NN 34457 4224 88 of of IN 34457 4224 89 methods method NNS 34457 4224 90 have have VBP 34457 4224 91 been be VBN 34457 4224 92 employed employ VBN 34457 4224 93 , , , 34457 4224 94 and and CC 34457 4224 95 the the DT 34457 4224 96 most most RBS 34457 4224 97 important important JJ 34457 4224 98 of of IN 34457 4224 99 these these DT 34457 4224 100 will will MD 34457 4224 101 be be VB 34457 4224 102 briefly briefly RB 34457 4224 103 described describe VBN 34457 4224 104 here here RB 34457 4224 105 . . . 34457 4225 1 In in IN 34457 4225 2 any any DT 34457 4225 3 given give VBN 34457 4225 4 case case NN 34457 4225 5 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4225 6 is be VBZ 34457 4225 7 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 4225 8 possible possible JJ 34457 4225 9 to to TO 34457 4225 10 employ employ VB 34457 4225 11 more more JJR 34457 4225 12 than than IN 34457 4225 13 one one CD 34457 4225 14 method method NN 34457 4225 15 , , , 34457 4225 16 but but CC 34457 4225 17 all all DT 34457 4225 18 are be VBP 34457 4225 19 not not RB 34457 4225 20 equally equally RB 34457 4225 21 suitable suitable JJ 34457 4225 22 , , , 34457 4225 23 and and CC 34457 4225 24 the the DT 34457 4225 25 values value NNS 34457 4225 26 of of IN 34457 4225 27 the the DT 34457 4225 28 transition transition NN 34457 4225 29 point point NN 34457 4225 30 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4225 31 by by IN 34457 4225 32 the the DT 34457 4225 33 different different JJ 34457 4225 34 methods method NNS 34457 4225 35 are be VBP 34457 4225 36 not not RB 34457 4225 37 always always RB 34457 4225 38 identical identical JJ 34457 4225 39 . . . 34457 4226 1 Indeed indeed RB 34457 4226 2 , , , 34457 4226 3 a a DT 34457 4226 4 difference difference NN 34457 4226 5 of of IN 34457 4226 6 several several JJ 34457 4226 7 degrees degree NNS 34457 4226 8 in in IN 34457 4226 9 the the DT 34457 4226 10 value value NN 34457 4226 11 found find VBD 34457 4226 12 may may MD 34457 4226 13 quite quite RB 34457 4226 14 well well RB 34457 4226 15 occur occur VB 34457 4226 16 . . . 34457 4227 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4227 2 398 398 CD 34457 4227 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4227 4 In in IN 34457 4227 5 each each DT 34457 4227 6 case case NN 34457 4227 7 , , , 34457 4227 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 4227 9 , , , 34457 4227 10 some some DT 34457 4227 11 care care NN 34457 4227 12 must must MD 34457 4227 13 be be VB 34457 4227 14 taken take VBN 34457 4227 15 to to TO 34457 4227 16 select select VB 34457 4227 17 the the DT 34457 4227 18 method method NN 34457 4227 19 most most RBS 34457 4227 20 suitable suitable JJ 34457 4227 21 for for IN 34457 4227 22 the the DT 34457 4227 23 purpose purpose NN 34457 4227 24 . . . 34457 4228 1 I. I. NNP 34457 4229 1 The the DT 34457 4229 2 Dilatometric dilatometric JJ 34457 4229 3 Method.--Since method.--since NN 34457 4229 4 , , , 34457 4229 5 in in IN 34457 4229 6 the the DT 34457 4229 7 majority majority NN 34457 4229 8 of of IN 34457 4229 9 cases case NNS 34457 4229 10 , , , 34457 4229 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 4229 12 at at IN 34457 4229 13 the the DT 34457 4229 14 transition transition NN 34457 4229 15 point point NN 34457 4229 16 is be VBZ 34457 4229 17 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 4229 18 by by IN 34457 4229 19 an an DT 34457 4229 20 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 4229 21 change change NN 34457 4229 22 of of IN 34457 4229 23 volume volume NN 34457 4229 24 , , , 34457 4229 25 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4229 26 is be VBZ 34457 4229 27 only only RB 34457 4229 28 necessary necessary JJ 34457 4229 29 to to TO 34457 4229 30 ascertain ascertain VB 34457 4229 31 the the DT 34457 4229 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 4229 33 at at IN 34457 4229 34 which which WDT 34457 4229 35 this this DT 34457 4229 36 change change NN 34457 4229 37 of of IN 34457 4229 38 volume volume NN 34457 4229 39 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4229 40 , , , 34457 4229 41 in in IN 34457 4229 42 order order NN 34457 4229 43 to to TO 34457 4229 44 determine determine VB 34457 4229 45 the the DT 34457 4229 46 transition transition NN 34457 4229 47 point point NN 34457 4229 48 . . . 34457 4230 1 For for IN 34457 4230 2 this this DT 34457 4230 3 purpose purpose NN 34457 4230 4 the the DT 34457 4230 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4230 6 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4230 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4230 8 is be VBZ 34457 4230 9 employed employ VBN 34457 4230 10 , , , 34457 4230 11 an an DT 34457 4230 12 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 4230 13 which which WDT 34457 4230 14 consists consist VBZ 34457 4230 15 of of IN 34457 4230 16 a a DT 34457 4230 17 bulb bulb NN 34457 4230 18 with with IN 34457 4230 19 capillary capillary JJ 34457 4230 20 tube tube NN 34457 4230 21 attached attach VBN 34457 4230 22 , , , 34457 4230 23 and and CC 34457 4230 24 which which WDT 34457 4230 25 constitutes constitute VBZ 34457 4230 26 a a DT 34457 4230 27 sort sort NN 34457 4230 28 of of IN 34457 4230 29 large large JJ 34457 4230 30 thermometer thermometer NN 34457 4230 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4230 32 Fig fig NN 34457 4230 33 . . . 34457 4231 1 129 129 CD 34457 4231 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4231 3 . . . 34457 4232 1 Some some DT 34457 4232 2 of of IN 34457 4232 3 the the DT 34457 4232 4 substance substance NN 34457 4232 5 to to TO 34457 4232 6 be be VB 34457 4232 7 examined examine VBN 34457 4232 8 is be VBZ 34457 4232 9 passed pass VBN 34457 4232 10 into into IN 34457 4232 11 the the DT 34457 4232 12 bulb bulb NN 34457 4232 13 A a NN 34457 4232 14 through through IN 34457 4232 15 the the DT 34457 4232 16 tube tube NN 34457 4232 17 B B NNP 34457 4232 18 , , , 34457 4232 19 which which WDT 34457 4232 20 is be VBZ 34457 4232 21 then then RB 34457 4232 22 sealed seal VBN 34457 4232 23 off off RP 34457 4232 24 . . . 34457 4233 1 The the DT 34457 4233 2 rest rest NN 34457 4233 3 of of IN 34457 4233 4 the the DT 34457 4233 5 bulb bulb NN 34457 4233 6 and and CC 34457 4233 7 a a DT 34457 4233 8 small small JJ 34457 4233 9 portion portion NN 34457 4233 10 of of IN 34457 4233 11 the the DT 34457 4233 12 capillary capillary JJ 34457 4233 13 tube tube NN 34457 4233 14 is be VBZ 34457 4233 15 then then RB 34457 4233 16 filled fill VBN 34457 4233 17 with with IN 34457 4233 18 some some DT 34457 4233 19 liquid liquid NN 34457 4233 20 , , , 34457 4233 21 which which WDT 34457 4233 22 , , , 34457 4233 23 of of IN 34457 4233 24 course course NN 34457 4233 25 , , , 34457 4233 26 must must MD 34457 4233 27 be be VB 34457 4233 28 without without IN 34457 4233 29 chemical chemical JJ 34457 4233 30 action action NN 34457 4233 31 on on IN 34457 4233 32 the the DT 34457 4233 33 substance substance NN 34457 4233 34 under under IN 34457 4233 35 investigation investigation NN 34457 4233 36 . . . 34457 4234 1 A a DT 34457 4234 2 liquid liquid NN 34457 4234 3 , , , 34457 4234 4 however however RB 34457 4234 5 , , , 34457 4234 6 may may MD 34457 4234 7 be be VB 34457 4234 8 employed employ VBN 34457 4234 9 which which WDT 34457 4234 10 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 4234 11 the the DT 34457 4234 12 substance substance NN 34457 4234 13 , , , 34457 4234 14 for for CC 34457 4234 15 , , , 34457 4234 16 as as IN 34457 4234 17 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4234 18 have have VBP 34457 4234 19 seen see VBN 34457 4234 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4234 21 p. p. NN 34457 4234 22 70 70 CD 34457 4234 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4234 24 , , , 34457 4234 25 the the DT 34457 4234 26 transformation transformation NN 34457 4234 27 at at IN 34457 4234 28 the the DT 34457 4234 29 transition transition NN 34457 4234 30 point point NN 34457 4234 31 is be VBZ 34457 4234 32 , , , 34457 4234 33 as as IN 34457 4234 34 a a DT 34457 4234 35 rule rule NN 34457 4234 36 , , , 34457 4234 37 accelerated accelerate VBN 34457 4234 38 by by IN 34457 4234 39 the the DT 34457 4234 40 presence presence NN 34457 4234 41 of of IN 34457 4234 42 a a DT 34457 4234 43 solvent solvent NN 34457 4234 44 . . . 34457 4235 1 On on IN 34457 4235 2 the the DT 34457 4235 3 other other JJ 34457 4235 4 hand hand NN 34457 4235 5 , , , 34457 4235 6 the the DT 34457 4235 7 liquid liquid NN 34457 4235 8 must must MD 34457 4235 9 not not RB 34457 4235 10 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 4235 11 in in IN 34457 4235 12 the the DT 34457 4235 13 substance substance NN 34457 4235 14 under under IN 34457 4235 15 examination examination NN 34457 4235 16 , , , 34457 4235 17 for for IN 34457 4235 18 the the DT 34457 4235 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 4235 20 of of IN 34457 4235 21 transformation transformation NN 34457 4235 22 would would MD 34457 4235 23 be be VB 34457 4235 24 thereby thereby RB 34457 4235 25 altered alter VBN 34457 4235 26 . . . 34457 4236 1 { { -LRB- 34457 4236 2 331 331 CD 34457 4236 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4236 4 In in IN 34457 4236 5 using use VBG 34457 4236 6 the the DT 34457 4236 7 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4236 8 , , , 34457 4236 9 two two CD 34457 4236 10 methods method NNS 34457 4236 11 of of IN 34457 4236 12 procedure procedure NN 34457 4236 13 may may MD 34457 4236 14 be be VB 34457 4236 15 followed follow VBN 34457 4236 16 . . . 34457 4237 1 According accord VBG 34457 4237 2 to to IN 34457 4237 3 the the DT 34457 4237 4 first first JJ 34457 4237 5 method method NN 34457 4237 6 , , , 34457 4237 7 the the DT 34457 4237 8 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4237 9 containing contain VBG 34457 4237 10 the the DT 34457 4237 11 form form NN 34457 4237 12 stable stable JJ 34457 4237 13 at at IN 34457 4237 14 lower low JJR 34457 4237 15 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4237 16 is be VBZ 34457 4237 17 placed place VBN 34457 4237 18 in in IN 34457 4237 19 a a DT 34457 4237 20 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4237 21 , , , 34457 4237 22 maintained maintain VBD 34457 4237 23 at at IN 34457 4237 24 a a DT 34457 4237 25 constant constant JJ 34457 4237 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 4237 27 , , , 34457 4237 28 until until IN 34457 4237 29 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4237 30 has have VBZ 34457 4237 31 taken take VBN 34457 4237 32 the the DT 34457 4237 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 4237 34 of of IN 34457 4237 35 the the DT 34457 4237 36 bath bath NN 34457 4237 37 . . . 34457 4238 1 The the DT 34457 4238 2 height height NN 34457 4238 3 of of IN 34457 4238 4 the the DT 34457 4238 5 meniscus meniscus NN 34457 4238 6 is be VBZ 34457 4238 7 then then RB 34457 4238 8 read read VBN 34457 4238 9 on on IN 34457 4238 10 a a DT 34457 4238 11 millimetre millimetre NN 34457 4238 12 scale scale NN 34457 4238 13 attached attach VBN 34457 4238 14 to to IN 34457 4238 15 the the DT 34457 4238 16 capillary capillary NN 34457 4238 17 . . . 34457 4239 1 The the DT 34457 4239 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 4239 3 of of IN 34457 4239 4 the the DT 34457 4239 5 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4239 6 is be VBZ 34457 4239 7 then then RB 34457 4239 8 raised raise VBN 34457 4239 9 degree degree NN 34457 4239 10 by by IN 34457 4239 11 degree degree NN 34457 4239 12 , , , 34457 4239 13 and and CC 34457 4239 14 the the DT 34457 4239 15 height height NN 34457 4239 16 of of IN 34457 4239 17 the the DT 34457 4239 18 meniscus meniscus NN 34457 4239 19 at at IN 34457 4239 20 each each DT 34457 4239 21 point point NN 34457 4239 22 ascertained ascertain VBD 34457 4239 23 . . . 34457 4240 1 If if IN 34457 4240 2 , , , 34457 4240 3 now now RB 34457 4240 4 , , , 34457 4240 5 no no DT 34457 4240 6 change change NN 34457 4240 7 takes take VBZ 34457 4240 8 place place NN 34457 4240 9 in in IN 34457 4240 10 the the DT 34457 4240 11 solid solid JJ 34457 4240 12 , , , 34457 4240 13 the the DT 34457 4240 14 expansion expansion NN 34457 4240 15 will will MD 34457 4240 16 be be VB 34457 4240 17 practically practically RB 34457 4240 18 uniform uniform JJ 34457 4240 19 , , , 34457 4240 20 or or CC 34457 4240 21 the the DT 34457 4240 22 rise rise NN 34457 4240 23 in in IN 34457 4240 24 the the DT 34457 4240 25 level level NN 34457 4240 26 of of IN 34457 4240 27 the the DT 34457 4240 28 meniscus meniscus NN 34457 4240 29 per per IN 34457 4240 30 degree degree NN 34457 4240 31 of of IN 34457 4240 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 4240 33 will will MD 34457 4240 34 be be VB 34457 4240 35 practically practically RB 34457 4240 36 the the DT 34457 4240 37 same same JJ 34457 4240 38 at at IN 34457 4240 39 the the DT 34457 4240 40 different different JJ 34457 4240 41 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4240 42 , , , 34457 4240 43 as as IN 34457 4240 44 represented represent VBN 34457 4240 45 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 34457 4240 46 by by IN 34457 4240 47 the the DT 34457 4240 48 line line NN 34457 4240 49 AB AB NNP 34457 4240 50 in in IN 34457 4240 51 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4240 52 . . . 34457 4241 1 130 130 CD 34457 4241 2 . . . 34457 4242 1 On on IN 34457 4242 2 passing pass VBG 34457 4242 3 through through IN 34457 4242 4 the the DT 34457 4242 5 transition transition NN 34457 4242 6 point point NN 34457 4242 7 , , , 34457 4242 8 however however RB 34457 4242 9 , , , 34457 4242 10 there there EX 34457 4242 11 will will MD 34457 4242 12 be be VB 34457 4242 13 a a DT 34457 4242 14 more more RBR 34457 4242 15 or or CC 34457 4242 16 less less RBR 34457 4242 17 sudden sudden JJ 34457 4242 18 increase increase NN 34457 4242 19 in in IN 34457 4242 20 the the DT 34457 4242 21 rise rise NN 34457 4242 22 of of IN 34457 4242 23 the the DT 34457 4242 24 meniscus meniscus NN 34457 4242 25 per per IN 34457 4242 26 degree degree NN 34457 4242 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4242 28 line line NN 34457 4242 29 BC BC NNP 34457 4242 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4242 31 if if IN 34457 4242 32 the the DT 34457 4242 33 specific specific JJ 34457 4242 34 volume volume NN 34457 4242 35 of of IN 34457 4242 36 the the DT 34457 4242 37 form form NN 34457 4242 38 stable stable JJ 34457 4242 39 at at IN 34457 4242 40 higher high JJR 34457 4242 41 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4242 42 is be VBZ 34457 4242 43 greater great JJR 34457 4242 44 than than IN 34457 4242 45 that that DT 34457 4242 46 of of IN 34457 4242 47 the the DT 34457 4242 48 original original JJ 34457 4242 49 modification modification NN 34457 4242 50 ; ; : 34457 4242 51 thereafter thereafter RB 34457 4242 52 , , , 34457 4242 53 the the DT 34457 4242 54 expansion expansion NN 34457 4242 55 will will MD 34457 4242 56 again again RB 34457 4242 57 be be VB 34457 4242 58 uniform uniform JJ 34457 4242 59 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4242 60 line line NN 34457 4242 61 CD CD NNP 34457 4242 62 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4242 63 . . . 34457 4243 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 4243 2 , , , 34457 4243 3 on on IN 34457 4243 4 cooling cooling NN 34457 4243 5 , , , 34457 4243 6 contraction contraction NN 34457 4243 7 will will MD 34457 4243 8 at at IN 34457 4243 9 first first RB 34457 4243 10 be be VB 34457 4243 11 uniform uniform JJ 34457 4243 12 and and CC 34457 4243 13 then then RB 34457 4243 14 at at IN 34457 4243 15 the the DT 34457 4243 16 transition transition NN 34457 4243 17 point point NN 34457 4243 18 there there EX 34457 4243 19 will will MD 34457 4243 20 be be VB 34457 4243 21 a a DT 34457 4243 22 relatively relatively RB 34457 4243 23 large large JJ 34457 4243 24 diminution diminution NN 34457 4243 25 of of IN 34457 4243 26 volume volume NN 34457 4243 27 . . . 34457 4244 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4244 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4244 3 : : : 34457 4244 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4244 5 . . . 34457 4245 1 129 129 CD 34457 4245 2 . . . 34457 4245 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4246 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4246 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4246 3 : : : 34457 4246 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4246 5 . . . 34457 4247 1 130 130 CD 34457 4247 2 . . . 34457 4247 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4248 1 If if IN 34457 4248 2 , , , 34457 4248 3 now now RB 34457 4248 4 , , , 34457 4248 5 transformation transformation NN 34457 4248 6 occurred occur VBD 34457 4248 7 immediately immediately RB 34457 4248 8 the the DT 34457 4248 9 transition transition NN 34457 4248 10 point point NN 34457 4248 11 was be VBD 34457 4248 12 reached reach VBN 34457 4248 13 , , , 34457 4248 14 the the DT 34457 4248 15 sudden sudden JJ 34457 4248 16 expansion expansion NN 34457 4248 17 and and CC 34457 4248 18 contraction contraction NN 34457 4248 19 would would MD 34457 4248 20 take take VB 34457 4248 21 place place NN 34457 4248 22 at at IN 34457 4248 23 the the DT 34457 4248 24 same same JJ 34457 4248 25 temperature temperature NN 34457 4248 26 . . . 34457 4249 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4249 2 is be VBZ 34457 4249 3 , , , 34457 4249 4 however however RB 34457 4249 5 , , , 34457 4249 6 generally generally RB 34457 4249 7 found find VBD 34457 4249 8 that that IN 34457 4249 9 there there EX 34457 4249 10 is be VBZ 34457 4249 11 a a DT 34457 4249 12 lag lag NN 34457 4249 13 , , , 34457 4249 14 and and CC 34457 4249 15 that that IN 34457 4249 16 with with IN 34457 4249 17 rising rise VBG 34457 4249 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 4249 19 the the DT 34457 4249 20 relatively relatively RB 34457 4249 21 large large JJ 34457 4249 22 expansion expansion NN 34457 4249 23 does do VBZ 34457 4249 24 not not RB 34457 4249 25 take take VB 34457 4249 26 place place NN 34457 4249 27 until until IN 34457 4249 28 a a DT 34457 4249 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 4249 30 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 4249 31 higher high JJR 34457 4249 32 than than IN 34457 4249 33 the the DT 34457 4249 34 transition transition NN 34457 4249 35 point point NN 34457 4249 36 ; ; : 34457 4249 37 and and CC 34457 4249 38 with with IN 34457 4249 39 falling fall VBG 34457 4249 40 temperature temperature NN 34457 4249 41 the the DT 34457 4249 42 contraction contraction NN 34457 4249 43 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4249 44 at at IN 34457 4249 45 a a DT 34457 4249 46 temperature temperature NN 34457 4249 47 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 4249 48 below below IN 34457 4249 49 the the DT 34457 4249 50 transition transition NN 34457 4249 51 point point NN 34457 4249 52 . . . 34457 4250 1 This this DT 34457 4250 2 is be VBZ 34457 4250 3 represented represent VBN 34457 4250 4 in in IN 34457 4250 5 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4250 6 . . . 34457 4251 1 130 130 CD 34457 4251 2 by by IN 34457 4251 3 the the DT 34457 4251 4 lines line NNS 34457 4251 5 BC BC NNP 34457 4251 6 and and CC 34457 4251 7 EF EF NNP 34457 4251 8 . . . 34457 4252 1 The the DT 34457 4252 2 amount amount NN 34457 4252 3 of of IN 34457 4252 4 lag lag NN 34457 4252 5 will will MD 34457 4252 6 vary vary VB 34457 4252 7 from from IN 34457 4252 8 case case NN 34457 4252 9 to to IN 34457 4252 10 case case NN 34457 4252 11 , , , 34457 4252 12 and and CC 34457 4252 13 will will MD 34457 4252 14 { { -LRB- 34457 4252 15 332 332 CD 34457 4252 16 } } -RRB- 34457 4252 17 also also RB 34457 4252 18 depend depend VBP 34457 4252 19 on on IN 34457 4252 20 the the DT 34457 4252 21 length length NN 34457 4252 22 of of IN 34457 4252 23 time time NN 34457 4252 24 during during IN 34457 4252 25 which which WDT 34457 4252 26 the the DT 34457 4252 27 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4252 28 is be VBZ 34457 4252 29 maintained maintain VBN 34457 4252 30 at at IN 34457 4252 31 constant constant JJ 34457 4252 32 temperature temperature NN 34457 4252 33 . . . 34457 4253 1 As as IN 34457 4253 2 an an DT 34457 4253 3 example example NN 34457 4253 4 , , , 34457 4253 5 there there EX 34457 4253 6 may may MD 34457 4253 7 be be VB 34457 4253 8 given give VBN 34457 4253 9 the the DT 34457 4253 10 results result NNS 34457 4253 11 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4253 12 in in IN 34457 4253 13 the the DT 34457 4253 14 determination determination NN 34457 4253 15 of of IN 34457 4253 16 the the DT 34457 4253 17 transition transition NN 34457 4253 18 point point NN 34457 4253 19 at at IN 34457 4253 20 which which WDT 34457 4253 21 sodium sodium NN 34457 4253 22 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4253 23 and and CC 34457 4253 24 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 4253 25 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4253 26 form form NN 34457 4253 27 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 4253 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4253 29 p. p. NN 34457 4254 1 268 268 CD 34457 4254 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4254 3 . . . 34457 4255 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4255 2 399 399 CD 34457 4255 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4255 4 The the DT 34457 4255 5 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4255 6 was be VBD 34457 4255 7 charged charge VBN 34457 4255 8 with with IN 34457 4255 9 a a DT 34457 4255 10 mixture mixture NN 34457 4255 11 of of IN 34457 4255 12 the the DT 34457 4255 13 two two CD 34457 4255 14 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 4255 15 . . . 34457 4256 1 -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4256 2 Temperature temperature NN 34457 4256 3 . . . 34457 4257 1 | | JJ 34457 4257 2 Level level NN 34457 4257 3 of of IN 34457 4257 4 oil oil NN 34457 4257 5 in in IN 34457 4257 6 capillary capillary NN 34457 4257 7 . . . 34457 4258 1 | | NNS 34457 4258 2 Rise rise VBP 34457 4258 3 per per IN 34457 4258 4 1 1â NN 34457 4258 5 ° ° NNS 34457 4258 6 . . . 34457 4259 1 -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4259 2 15.6 15.6â CD 34457 4259 3 ° ° , 34457 4259 4 | | NNP 34457 4259 5 134 134 CD 34457 4259 6 | | CD 34457 4259 7 16.6 16.6â CD 34457 4259 8 ° ° , 34457 4259 9 | | NNP 34457 4259 10 141 141 CD 34457 4259 11 | | CD 34457 4259 12 7 7 CD 34457 4259 13 17.6 17.6â CD 34457 4259 14 ° ° , 34457 4259 15 | | NNP 34457 4259 16 148 148 CD 34457 4259 17 | | CD 34457 4259 18 7 7 CD 34457 4259 19 18.6 18.6â CD 34457 4259 20 ° ° , 34457 4259 21 | | CD 34457 4259 22 154 154 CD 34457 4259 23 | | CD 34457 4259 24 6 6 CD 34457 4259 25 19.6 19.6â CD 34457 4259 26 ° ° , 34457 4259 27 | | NNP 34457 4259 28 161 161 CD 34457 4259 29 | | CD 34457 4259 30 7 7 CD 34457 4259 31 20.6 20.6â CD 34457 4259 32 ° ° , 34457 4259 33 | | CD 34457 4259 34 168 168 CD 34457 4259 35 | | CD 34457 4259 36 7 7 CD 34457 4259 37 21.6 21.6â CD 34457 4259 38 ° ° , 34457 4259 39 | | NNP 34457 4259 40 241 241 CD 34457 4259 41 | | CD 34457 4259 42 73 73 CD 34457 4259 43 22.6 22.6â CD 34457 4259 44 ° ° , 34457 4259 45 | | CD 34457 4259 46 243 243 CD 34457 4259 47 | | CD 34457 4259 48 2 2 CD 34457 4259 49 23.6 23.6â CD 34457 4259 50 ° ° , 34457 4259 51 | | NNP 34457 4259 52 251 251 CD 34457 4259 53 | | CD 34457 4259 54 8 8 CD 34457 4259 55 24.6 24.6â CD 34457 4259 56 ° ° , 34457 4259 57 | | NNP 34457 4259 58 259 259 CD 34457 4259 59 | | CD 34457 4259 60 8 8 CD 34457 4259 61 -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- NFP 34457 4259 62 The the DT 34457 4259 63 transition transition NN 34457 4259 64 point point NN 34457 4259 65 , , , 34457 4259 66 therefore therefore RB 34457 4259 67 , , , 34457 4259 68 lies lie VBZ 34457 4259 69 about about IN 34457 4259 70 21.6 21.6â CD 34457 4259 71 ° ° NNS 34457 4259 72 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4259 73 p. p. NN 34457 4259 74 268 268 CD 34457 4259 75 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4259 76 . . . 34457 4260 1 The the DT 34457 4260 2 second second JJ 34457 4260 3 method method NN 34457 4260 4 of of IN 34457 4260 5 manipulation manipulation NN 34457 4260 6 depends depend VBZ 34457 4260 7 on on IN 34457 4260 8 the the DT 34457 4260 9 fact fact NN 34457 4260 10 that that IN 34457 4260 11 , , , 34457 4260 12 while while IN 34457 4260 13 above above IN 34457 4260 14 or or CC 34457 4260 15 below below IN 34457 4260 16 the the DT 34457 4260 17 transition transition NN 34457 4260 18 point point NN 34457 4260 19 transformation transformation NN 34457 4260 20 of of IN 34457 4260 21 one one CD 34457 4260 22 form form NN 34457 4260 23 into into IN 34457 4260 24 the the DT 34457 4260 25 other other JJ 34457 4260 26 can can MD 34457 4260 27 take take VB 34457 4260 28 place place NN 34457 4260 29 , , , 34457 4260 30 at at IN 34457 4260 31 the the DT 34457 4260 32 transition transition NN 34457 4260 33 point point NN 34457 4260 34 the the DT 34457 4260 35 two two CD 34457 4260 36 forms form NNS 34457 4260 37 undergo undergo VBP 34457 4260 38 no no DT 34457 4260 39 change change NN 34457 4260 40 . . . 34457 4261 1 The the DT 34457 4261 2 bulb bulb NN 34457 4261 3 of of IN 34457 4261 4 the the DT 34457 4261 5 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4261 6 is be VBZ 34457 4261 7 , , , 34457 4261 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 4261 9 , , , 34457 4261 10 charged charge VBN 34457 4261 11 with with IN 34457 4261 12 a a DT 34457 4261 13 mixture mixture NN 34457 4261 14 of of IN 34457 4261 15 the the DT 34457 4261 16 stable stable JJ 34457 4261 17 and and CC 34457 4261 18 metastable metastable JJ 34457 4261 19 forms form NNS 34457 4261 20 and and CC 34457 4261 21 a a DT 34457 4261 22 suitable suitable JJ 34457 4261 23 liquid liquid NN 34457 4261 24 , , , 34457 4261 25 and and CC 34457 4261 26 is be VBZ 34457 4261 27 then then RB 34457 4261 28 immersed immerse VBN 34457 4261 29 in in IN 34457 4261 30 a a DT 34457 4261 31 bath bath NN 34457 4261 32 at at IN 34457 4261 33 constant constant JJ 34457 4261 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 4261 35 . . . 34457 4262 1 After after IN 34457 4262 2 the the DT 34457 4262 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 4262 4 of of IN 34457 4262 5 the the DT 34457 4262 6 bath bath NN 34457 4262 7 has have VBZ 34457 4262 8 been be VBN 34457 4262 9 acquired acquire VBN 34457 4262 10 , , , 34457 4262 11 readings reading NNS 34457 4262 12 of of IN 34457 4262 13 the the DT 34457 4262 14 height height NN 34457 4262 15 of of IN 34457 4262 16 the the DT 34457 4262 17 meniscus meniscus NN 34457 4262 18 are be VBP 34457 4262 19 made make VBN 34457 4262 20 from from IN 34457 4262 21 time time NN 34457 4262 22 to to IN 34457 4262 23 time time NN 34457 4262 24 to to TO 34457 4262 25 ascertain ascertain VB 34457 4262 26 whether whether IN 34457 4262 27 expansion expansion NN 34457 4262 28 or or CC 34457 4262 29 contraction contraction NN 34457 4262 30 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4262 31 . . . 34457 4263 1 If if IN 34457 4263 2 expansion expansion NN 34457 4263 3 is be VBZ 34457 4263 4 found find VBN 34457 4263 5 , , , 34457 4263 6 the the DT 34457 4263 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 4263 8 of of IN 34457 4263 9 the the DT 34457 4263 10 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4263 11 is be VBZ 34457 4263 12 altered alter VBN 34457 4263 13 until until IN 34457 4263 14 a a DT 34457 4263 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 4263 16 is be VBZ 34457 4263 17 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4263 18 at at IN 34457 4263 19 which which WDT 34457 4263 20 a a DT 34457 4263 21 gradual gradual JJ 34457 4263 22 contraction contraction NN 34457 4263 23 takes take VBZ 34457 4263 24 place place NN 34457 4263 25 . . . 34457 4264 1 The the DT 34457 4264 2 transition transition NN 34457 4264 3 point point NN 34457 4264 4 must must MD 34457 4264 5 then then RB 34457 4264 6 lie lie VB 34457 4264 7 between between IN 34457 4264 8 these these DT 34457 4264 9 two two CD 34457 4264 10 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4264 11 ; ; : 34457 4264 12 and and CC 34457 4264 13 by by IN 34457 4264 14 repeating repeat VBG 34457 4264 15 the the DT 34457 4264 16 determinations determination NNS 34457 4264 17 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4264 18 will will MD 34457 4264 19 be be VB 34457 4264 20 possible possible JJ 34457 4264 21 to to TO 34457 4264 22 reduce reduce VB 34457 4264 23 the the DT 34457 4264 24 difference difference NN 34457 4264 25 between between IN 34457 4264 26 the the DT 34457 4264 27 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4264 28 at at IN 34457 4264 29 which which WDT 34457 4264 30 expansion expansion NN 34457 4264 31 and and CC 34457 4264 32 contraction contraction NN 34457 4264 33 take take VB 34457 4264 34 place place NN 34457 4264 35 to to TO 34457 4264 36 , , , 34457 4264 37 say say VB 34457 4264 38 , , , 34457 4264 39 1 1â NN 34457 4264 40 ° ° NNS 34457 4264 41 , , , 34457 4264 42 and and CC 34457 4264 43 to to TO 34457 4264 44 fix fix VB 34457 4264 45 the the DT 34457 4264 46 temperature temperature NN 34457 4264 47 of of IN 34457 4264 48 the the DT 34457 4264 49 transition transition NN 34457 4264 50 point point NN 34457 4264 51 , , , 34457 4264 52 therefore therefore RB 34457 4264 53 , , , 34457 4264 54 to to IN 34457 4264 55 within within IN 34457 4264 56 half half PDT 34457 4264 57 a a DT 34457 4264 58 degree degree NN 34457 4264 59 . . . 34457 4265 1 By by IN 34457 4265 2 this this DT 34457 4265 3 method method NN 34457 4265 4 the the DT 34457 4265 5 transition transition NN 34457 4265 6 point point NN 34457 4265 7 , , , 34457 4265 8 for for IN 34457 4265 9 example example NN 34457 4265 10 , , , 34457 4265 11 of of IN 34457 4265 12 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 4265 13 was be VBD 34457 4265 14 found find VBN 34457 4265 15 to to TO 34457 4265 16 be be VB 34457 4265 17 95.6 95.6â CD 34457 4265 18 ° ° NNS 34457 4265 19 under under IN 34457 4265 20 a a DT 34457 4265 21 pressure pressure NN 34457 4265 22 of of IN 34457 4265 23 4 4 CD 34457 4265 24 atm atm NN 34457 4265 25 . . . 34457 4266 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4266 2 400 400 CD 34457 4266 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4266 4 The the DT 34457 4266 5 following follow VBG 34457 4266 6 are be VBP 34457 4266 7 the the DT 34457 4266 8 figures figure NNS 34457 4266 9 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4266 10 by by IN 34457 4266 11 Reicher Reicher NNP 34457 4266 12 , , , 34457 4266 13 who who WP 34457 4266 14 used use VBD 34457 4266 15 a a DT 34457 4266 16 mixture mixture NN 34457 4266 17 { { -LRB- 34457 4266 18 333 333 CD 34457 4266 19 } } -RRB- 34457 4266 20 of of IN 34457 4266 21 1 1 CD 34457 4266 22 part part NN 34457 4266 23 of of IN 34457 4266 24 carbon carbon NN 34457 4266 25 disulphide disulphide NN 34457 4266 26 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4266 27 solvent solvent NN 34457 4266 28 for for IN 34457 4266 29 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 4266 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4266 31 and and CC 34457 4266 32 5 5 CD 34457 4266 33 parts part NNS 34457 4266 34 of of IN 34457 4266 35 turpentine turpentine NN 34457 4266 36 as as IN 34457 4266 37 the the DT 34457 4266 38 measuring measure VBG 34457 4266 39 liquid liquid NN 34457 4266 40 . . . 34457 4267 1 TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE NNP 34457 4267 2 95.1 95.1â CD 34457 4267 3 ° ° NNS 34457 4267 4 . . . 34457 4268 1 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4268 2 Time time NN 34457 4268 3 in in IN 34457 4268 4 minutes minute NNS 34457 4268 5 . . . 34457 4269 1 | | JJ 34457 4269 2 Level level NN 34457 4269 3 of of IN 34457 4269 4 liquid liquid NN 34457 4269 5 . . . 34457 4270 1 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4270 2 5 5 CD 34457 4270 3 | | CD 34457 4270 4 343.5 343.5 CD 34457 4270 5 30 30 CD 34457 4270 6 | | CD 34457 4270 7 340.5 340.5 CD 34457 4270 8 55 55 CD 34457 4270 9 | | CD 34457 4270 10 335.75 335.75 CD 34457 4270 11 65 65 CD 34457 4270 12 | | CD 34457 4270 13 333 333 CD 34457 4270 14 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- CD 34457 4270 15 TEMPERATURE temperature NN 34457 4270 16 96.1 96.1â CD 34457 4270 17 ° ° NNS 34457 4270 18 . . . 34457 4271 1 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4271 2 Time time NN 34457 4271 3 in in IN 34457 4271 4 minutes minute NNS 34457 4271 5 . . . 34457 4272 1 | | JJ 34457 4272 2 Level level NN 34457 4272 3 of of IN 34457 4272 4 liquid liquid NN 34457 4272 5 . . . 34457 4273 1 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4273 2 5 5 CD 34457 4273 3 | | CD 34457 4273 4 342.75 342.75 CD 34457 4273 5 30 30 CD 34457 4273 6 | | CD 34457 4273 7 354.75 354.75 CD 34457 4273 8 55 55 CD 34457 4273 9 | | CD 34457 4273 10 360.5 360.5 CD 34457 4273 11 60 60 CD 34457 4273 12 | | CD 34457 4273 13 361.5 361.5 CD 34457 4273 14 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- CD 34457 4273 15 TEMPERATURE temperature NN 34457 4273 16 95.6 95.6â CD 34457 4273 17 ° ° NNS 34457 4273 18 . . . 34457 4274 1 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4274 2 Time time NN 34457 4274 3 in in IN 34457 4274 4 minutes minute NNS 34457 4274 5 . . . 34457 4275 1 | | JJ 34457 4275 2 Level level NN 34457 4275 3 of of IN 34457 4275 4 liquid liquid NN 34457 4275 5 . . . 34457 4276 1 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4276 2 5 5 CD 34457 4276 3 | | CD 34457 4276 4 368.75 368.75 CD 34457 4276 5 100 100 CD 34457 4276 6 | | CD 34457 4276 7 368 368 CD 34457 4276 8 110 110 CD 34457 4276 9 | | CD 34457 4276 10 368.75 368.75 CD 34457 4276 11 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- NFP 34457 4276 12 At at IN 34457 4276 13 a a DT 34457 4276 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 4276 15 of of IN 34457 4276 16 95.1 95.1â CD 34457 4276 17 ° ° NNS 34457 4276 18 there there EX 34457 4276 19 is be VBZ 34457 4276 20 a a DT 34457 4276 21 contraction contraction NN 34457 4276 22 , , , 34457 4276 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4276 24 i.e. i.e. FW 34457 4276 25 _ _ NNP 34457 4276 26 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4276 27 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 4276 28 passes pass VBZ 34457 4276 29 into into IN 34457 4276 30 the the DT 34457 4276 31 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4276 32 , , , 34457 4276 33 the the DT 34457 4276 34 specific specific JJ 34457 4276 35 volume volume NN 34457 4276 36 of of IN 34457 4276 37 the the DT 34457 4276 38 former former JJ 34457 4276 39 being being NN 34457 4276 40 greater great JJR 34457 4276 41 than than IN 34457 4276 42 that that DT 34457 4276 43 of of IN 34457 4276 44 the the DT 34457 4276 45 latter latter JJ 34457 4276 46 . . . 34457 4277 1 At at IN 34457 4277 2 96.1 96.1â CD 34457 4277 3 ° ° NNS 34457 4277 4 , , , 34457 4277 5 however however RB 34457 4277 6 , , , 34457 4277 7 there there EX 34457 4277 8 is be VBZ 34457 4277 9 expansion expansion NN 34457 4277 10 , , , 34457 4277 11 showing show VBG 34457 4277 12 that that IN 34457 4277 13 at at IN 34457 4277 14 this this DT 34457 4277 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 4277 16 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4277 17 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 4277 18 passes pass VBZ 34457 4277 19 into into IN 34457 4277 20 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4277 21 ; ; : 34457 4277 22 while while IN 34457 4277 23 at at IN 34457 4277 24 95.6 95.6â CD 34457 4277 25 ° ° NNS 34457 4277 26 there there EX 34457 4277 27 is be VBZ 34457 4277 28 neither neither CC 34457 4277 29 expansion expansion NN 34457 4277 30 nor nor CC 34457 4277 31 contraction contraction NN 34457 4277 32 . . . 34457 4278 1 This this DT 34457 4278 2 is be VBZ 34457 4278 3 , , , 34457 4278 4 therefore therefore RB 34457 4278 5 , , , 34457 4278 6 the the DT 34457 4278 7 transition transition NN 34457 4278 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 4278 9 ; ; , 34457 4278 10 and and CC 34457 4278 11 since since IN 34457 4278 12 the the DT 34457 4278 13 dilatometer dilatometer NN 34457 4278 14 was be VBD 34457 4278 15 sealed seal VBN 34457 4278 16 up up RP 34457 4278 17 to to TO 34457 4278 18 prevent prevent VB 34457 4278 19 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 4278 20 of of IN 34457 4278 21 the the DT 34457 4278 22 liquid liquid NN 34457 4278 23 , , , 34457 4278 24 the the DT 34457 4278 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 4278 26 within within IN 34457 4278 27 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4278 28 was be VBD 34457 4278 29 4 4 CD 34457 4278 30 atm atm NN 34457 4278 31 . . . 34457 4279 1 II ii CD 34457 4279 2 . . . 34457 4280 1 Measurement Measurement NNP 34457 4280 2 of of IN 34457 4280 3 the the DT 34457 4280 4 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 4280 5 Pressure.--In Pressure.--In VBZ 34457 4280 6 the the DT 34457 4280 7 preceding precede VBG 34457 4280 8 pages page NNS 34457 4280 9 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4280 10 has have VBZ 34457 4280 11 been be VBN 34457 4280 12 seen see VBN 34457 4280 13 repeatedly repeatedly RB 34457 4280 14 that that IN 34457 4280 15 the the DT 34457 4280 16 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4280 17 pressures pressure NNS 34457 4280 18 of of IN 34457 4280 19 the the DT 34457 4280 20 two two CD 34457 4280 21 systems system NNS 34457 4280 22 undergoing undergo VBG 34457 4280 23 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4280 24 transformation transformation NN 34457 4280 25 become become VBN 34457 4280 26 identical identical JJ 34457 4280 27 at at IN 34457 4280 28 the the DT 34457 4280 29 transition transition NN 34457 4280 30 point point NN 34457 4280 31 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4280 32 more more RBR 34457 4280 33 strictly strictly RB 34457 4280 34 , , , 34457 4280 35 at at IN 34457 4280 36 the the DT 34457 4280 37 triple triple JJ 34457 4280 38 or or CC 34457 4280 39 { { -LRB- 34457 4280 40 334 334 CD 34457 4280 41 } } -RRB- 34457 4280 42 multiple multiple JJ 34457 4280 43 point point NN 34457 4280 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4280 45 , , , 34457 4280 46 and and CC 34457 4280 47 the the DT 34457 4280 48 latter latter JJ 34457 4280 49 can can MD 34457 4280 50 therefore therefore RB 34457 4280 51 be be VB 34457 4280 52 determined determine VBN 34457 4280 53 by by IN 34457 4280 54 ascertaining ascertain VBG 34457 4280 55 the the DT 34457 4280 56 temperature temperature NN 34457 4280 57 at at IN 34457 4280 58 which which WDT 34457 4280 59 this this DT 34457 4280 60 identity identity NN 34457 4280 61 of of IN 34457 4280 62 vapour vapour NN 34457 4280 63 pressure pressure NN 34457 4280 64 is be VBZ 34457 4280 65 established establish VBN 34457 4280 66 . . . 34457 4281 1 The the DT 34457 4281 2 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 4281 3 usually usually RB 34457 4281 4 employed employ VBN 34457 4281 5 for for IN 34457 4281 6 this this DT 34457 4281 7 purpose purpose NN 34457 4281 8 is be VBZ 34457 4281 9 the the DT 34457 4281 10 Bremer Bremer NNP 34457 4281 11 - - HYPH 34457 4281 12 Frowein Frowein NNP 34457 4281 13 tensimeter tensimeter NN 34457 4281 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4281 15 p. p. NN 34457 4281 16 91 91 CD 34457 4281 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4281 18 . . . 34457 4282 1 Although although IN 34457 4282 2 this this DT 34457 4282 3 method method NN 34457 4282 4 has have VBZ 34457 4282 5 not not RB 34457 4282 6 as as RB 34457 4282 7 yet yet RB 34457 4282 8 been be VBN 34457 4282 9 applied apply VBN 34457 4282 10 to to IN 34457 4282 11 systems system NNS 34457 4282 12 of of IN 34457 4282 13 one one CD 34457 4282 14 component component NN 34457 4282 15 , , , 34457 4282 16 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4282 17 has have VBZ 34457 4282 18 been be VBN 34457 4282 19 used use VBN 34457 4282 20 to to IN 34457 4282 21 a a DT 34457 4282 22 considerable considerable JJ 34457 4282 23 extent extent NN 34457 4282 24 in in IN 34457 4282 25 the the DT 34457 4282 26 case case NN 34457 4282 27 of of IN 34457 4282 28 systems system NNS 34457 4282 29 containing contain VBG 34457 4282 30 water water NN 34457 4282 31 or or CC 34457 4282 32 other other JJ 34457 4282 33 volatile volatile JJ 34457 4282 34 component component NN 34457 4282 35 . . . 34457 4283 1 An an DT 34457 4283 2 example example NN 34457 4283 3 of of IN 34457 4283 4 this this DT 34457 4283 5 has have VBZ 34457 4283 6 already already RB 34457 4283 7 been be VBN 34457 4283 8 given give VBN 34457 4283 9 in in IN 34457 4283 10 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4283 11 's 's POS 34457 4283 12 salt salt NN 34457 4283 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4283 14 p. p. NN 34457 4283 15 139 139 CD 34457 4283 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4283 17 . . . 34457 4284 1 III iii CD 34457 4284 2 . . . 34457 4285 1 Solubility solubility NN 34457 4285 2 Measurements.--The Measurements.--The NNP 34457 4285 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 4285 4 of of IN 34457 4285 5 the the DT 34457 4285 6 transition transition NN 34457 4285 7 point point NN 34457 4285 8 can can MD 34457 4285 9 also also RB 34457 4285 10 be be VB 34457 4285 11 fixed fix VBN 34457 4285 12 by by IN 34457 4285 13 means mean NNS 34457 4285 14 of of IN 34457 4285 15 solubility solubility NN 34457 4285 16 measurements measurement NNS 34457 4285 17 , , , 34457 4285 18 for for IN 34457 4285 19 at at IN 34457 4285 20 that that DT 34457 4285 21 point point NN 34457 4285 22 the the DT 34457 4285 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 4285 24 of of IN 34457 4285 25 the the DT 34457 4285 26 two two CD 34457 4285 27 systems system NNS 34457 4285 28 becomes become VBZ 34457 4285 29 identical identical JJ 34457 4285 30 . . . 34457 4286 1 Reference reference NN 34457 4286 2 has have VBZ 34457 4286 3 already already RB 34457 4286 4 been be VBN 34457 4286 5 made make VBN 34457 4286 6 to to IN 34457 4286 7 several several JJ 34457 4286 8 cases case NNS 34457 4286 9 in in IN 34457 4286 10 which which WDT 34457 4286 11 this this DT 34457 4286 12 method method NN 34457 4286 13 was be VBD 34457 4286 14 employed employ VBN 34457 4286 15 , , , 34457 4286 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4286 17 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 4286 18 _ _ NNP 34457 4286 19 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4286 20 nitrate nitrate NN 34457 4286 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4286 22 p. p. NN 34457 4286 23 112 112 CD 34457 4286 24 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4286 25 , , , 34457 4286 26 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4286 27 's 's POS 34457 4286 28 salt salt NN 34457 4286 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4286 30 p. p. NN 34457 4286 31 134 134 CD 34457 4286 32 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4286 33 , , , 34457 4286 34 astracanite astracanite NN 34457 4286 35 and and CC 34457 4286 36 sodium sodium NN 34457 4286 37 and and CC 34457 4286 38 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 4286 39 sulphates sulphate NNS 34457 4286 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4286 41 p. p. NN 34457 4286 42 268 268 CD 34457 4286 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4286 44 . . . 34457 4287 1 The the DT 34457 4287 2 determinations determination NNS 34457 4287 3 of of IN 34457 4287 4 the the DT 34457 4287 5 solubility solubility NN 34457 4287 6 can can MD 34457 4287 7 be be VB 34457 4287 8 carried carry VBN 34457 4287 9 out out RP 34457 4287 10 in in IN 34457 4287 11 various various JJ 34457 4287 12 ways way NNS 34457 4287 13 . . . 34457 4288 1 One one CD 34457 4288 2 of of IN 34457 4288 3 the the DT 34457 4288 4 simplest simple JJS 34457 4288 5 methods method NNS 34457 4288 6 , , , 34457 4288 7 which which WDT 34457 4288 8 also also RB 34457 4288 9 gives give VBZ 34457 4288 10 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 4288 11 accurate accurate JJ 34457 4288 12 results result NNS 34457 4288 13 when when WRB 34457 4288 14 the the DT 34457 4288 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 4288 16 is be VBZ 34457 4288 17 not not RB 34457 4288 18 high high JJ 34457 4288 19 or or CC 34457 4288 20 when when WRB 34457 4288 21 the the DT 34457 4288 22 solvent solvent NN 34457 4288 23 is be VBZ 34457 4288 24 not not RB 34457 4288 25 very very RB 34457 4288 26 volatile volatile JJ 34457 4288 27 , , , 34457 4288 28 can can MD 34457 4288 29 be be VB 34457 4288 30 carried carry VBN 34457 4288 31 out out RP 34457 4288 32 in in IN 34457 4288 33 the the DT 34457 4288 34 following follow VBG 34457 4288 35 manner manner NN 34457 4288 36 . . . 34457 4289 1 The the DT 34457 4289 2 solid solid JJ 34457 4289 3 substance substance NN 34457 4289 4 is be VBZ 34457 4289 5 finely finely RB 34457 4289 6 powdered powder VBN 34457 4289 7 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4289 8 in in IN 34457 4289 9 order order NN 34457 4289 10 to to TO 34457 4289 11 accelerate accelerate VB 34457 4289 12 the the DT 34457 4289 13 process process NN 34457 4289 14 of of IN 34457 4289 15 solution solution NN 34457 4289 16 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4289 17 , , , 34457 4289 18 and and CC 34457 4289 19 placed place VBN 34457 4289 20 in in IN 34457 4289 21 sufficient sufficient JJ 34457 4289 22 quantity quantity NN 34457 4289 23 along along IN 34457 4289 24 with with IN 34457 4289 25 the the DT 34457 4289 26 solvent solvent NN 34457 4289 27 in in IN 34457 4289 28 a a DT 34457 4289 29 tube tube NN 34457 4289 30 carefully carefully RB 34457 4289 31 closed close VBN 34457 4289 32 by by IN 34457 4289 33 a a DT 34457 4289 34 glass glass NN 34457 4289 35 stopper stopper NN 34457 4289 36 ; ; : 34457 4289 37 the the DT 34457 4289 38 latter latter NN 34457 4289 39 is be VBZ 34457 4289 40 protected protect VBN 34457 4289 41 by by IN 34457 4289 42 a a DT 34457 4289 43 rubber rubber NN 34457 4289 44 cap cap NN 34457 4289 45 , , , 34457 4289 46 such such JJ 34457 4289 47 as as IN 34457 4289 48 a a DT 34457 4289 49 rubber rubber NN 34457 4289 50 finger finger NN 34457 4289 51 - - HYPH 34457 4289 52 stall stall NN 34457 4289 53 . . . 34457 4290 1 The the DT 34457 4290 2 tube tube NN 34457 4290 3 is be VBZ 34457 4290 4 then then RB 34457 4290 5 rotated rotate VBN 34457 4290 6 in in IN 34457 4290 7 a a DT 34457 4290 8 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4290 9 , , , 34457 4290 10 the the DT 34457 4290 11 temperature temperature NN 34457 4290 12 of of IN 34457 4290 13 which which WDT 34457 4290 14 does do VBZ 34457 4290 15 not not RB 34457 4290 16 vary vary VB 34457 4290 17 more more JJR 34457 4290 18 than than IN 34457 4290 19 one one CD 34457 4290 20 or or CC 34457 4290 21 two two CD 34457 4290 22 tenths tenth NNS 34457 4290 23 of of IN 34457 4290 24 a a DT 34457 4290 25 degree degree NN 34457 4290 26 , , , 34457 4290 27 until until IN 34457 4290 28 saturation saturation NN 34457 4290 29 is be VBZ 34457 4290 30 produced produce VBN 34457 4290 31 . . . 34457 4291 1 The the DT 34457 4291 2 solution solution NN 34457 4291 3 is be VBZ 34457 4291 4 withdrawn withdraw VBN 34457 4291 5 by by IN 34457 4291 6 means mean NNS 34457 4291 7 of of IN 34457 4291 8 a a DT 34457 4291 9 pipette pipette NN 34457 4291 10 to to TO 34457 4291 11 which which WDT 34457 4291 12 a a DT 34457 4291 13 small small JJ 34457 4291 14 glass glass NN 34457 4291 15 tube tube NN 34457 4291 16 , , , 34457 4291 17 filled fill VBN 34457 4291 18 with with IN 34457 4291 19 cotton cotton NN 34457 4291 20 wool wool NN 34457 4291 21 to to TO 34457 4291 22 act act VB 34457 4291 23 as as IN 34457 4291 24 a a DT 34457 4291 25 filter filter NN 34457 4291 26 , , , 34457 4291 27 is be VBZ 34457 4291 28 attached attach VBN 34457 4291 29 . . . 34457 4292 1 The the DT 34457 4292 2 solution solution NN 34457 4292 3 is be VBZ 34457 4292 4 then then RB 34457 4292 5 run run VBN 34457 4292 6 into into IN 34457 4292 7 a a DT 34457 4292 8 weighing weighing NN 34457 4292 9 bottle bottle NN 34457 4292 10 , , , 34457 4292 11 and and CC 34457 4292 12 weighed weigh VBD 34457 4292 13 ; ; : 34457 4292 14 after after IN 34457 4292 15 which which WDT 34457 4292 16 the the DT 34457 4292 17 amount amount NN 34457 4292 18 of of IN 34457 4292 19 solid solid JJ 34457 4292 20 in in IN 34457 4292 21 solution solution NN 34457 4292 22 is be VBZ 34457 4292 23 determined determine VBN 34457 4292 24 in in IN 34457 4292 25 a a DT 34457 4292 26 suitable suitable JJ 34457 4292 27 manner manner NN 34457 4292 28 . . . 34457 4293 1 For for IN 34457 4293 2 more more RBR 34457 4293 3 accurate accurate JJ 34457 4293 4 determinations determination NNS 34457 4293 5 of of IN 34457 4293 6 the the DT 34457 4293 7 solubility solubility NN 34457 4293 8 , , , 34457 4293 9 especially especially RB 34457 4293 10 when when WRB 34457 4293 11 the the DT 34457 4293 12 solvent solvent NN 34457 4293 13 is be VBZ 34457 4293 14 appreciably appreciably RB 34457 4293 15 volatile volatile JJ 34457 4293 16 at at IN 34457 4293 17 the the DT 34457 4293 18 temperature temperature NN 34457 4293 19 of of IN 34457 4293 20 experiment experiment NN 34457 4293 21 , , , 34457 4293 22 other other JJ 34457 4293 23 methods method NNS 34457 4293 24 are be VBP 34457 4293 25 preferable preferable JJ 34457 4293 26 . . . 34457 4294 1 In in IN 34457 4294 2 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4294 3 . . . 34457 4295 1 131 131 CD 34457 4295 2 is be VBZ 34457 4295 3 shown show VBN 34457 4295 4 the the DT 34457 4295 5 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 4295 6 employed employ VBN 34457 4295 7 by by IN 34457 4295 8 H. H. NNP 34457 4295 9 Goldschmidt,[401 Goldschmidt,[401 NNP 34457 4295 10 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4295 11 and and CC 34457 4295 12 used use VBN 34457 4295 13 to to IN 34457 4295 14 a a DT 34457 4295 15 considerable considerable JJ 34457 4295 16 extent extent NN 34457 4295 17 in in IN 34457 4295 18 the the DT 34457 4295 19 laboratory laboratory NN 34457 4295 20 of of IN 34457 4295 21 van't van't JJ 34457 4295 22 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4295 23 . . . 34457 4296 1 This this DT 34457 4296 2 consists consist VBZ 34457 4296 3 essentially essentially RB 34457 4296 4 of of IN 34457 4296 5 three three CD 34457 4296 6 parts part NNS 34457 4296 7 : : : 34457 4296 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4296 9 a a DT 34457 4296 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4296 11 , , , 34457 4296 12 a a DT 34457 4296 13 tube tube NN 34457 4296 14 in in IN 34457 4296 15 which which WDT 34457 4296 16 the the DT 34457 4296 17 solvent solvent NN 34457 4296 18 and and CC 34457 4296 19 salt salt NN 34457 4296 20 are be VBP 34457 4296 21 placed place VBN 34457 4296 22 ; ; : 34457 4296 23 this this DT 34457 4296 24 is be VBZ 34457 4296 25 closed close VBN 34457 4296 26 at at IN 34457 4296 27 the the DT 34457 4296 28 foot foot NN 34457 4296 29 by by IN 34457 4296 30 an an DT 34457 4296 31 india india NNP 34457 4296 32 - - HYPH 34457 4296 33 rubber rubber NNP 34457 4296 34 stopper stopper NN 34457 4296 35 . . . 34457 4297 1 Through through IN 34457 4297 2 this this DT 34457 4297 3 stopper stopper NN 34457 4297 4 there there EX 34457 4297 5 passes pass VBZ 34457 4297 6 the the DT 34457 4297 7 bent bent JJ 34457 4297 8 tube tube NN 34457 4297 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4297 10 cb cb NNP 34457 4297 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4297 12 , , , 34457 4297 13 which which WDT 34457 4297 14 connects connect VBZ 34457 4297 15 the the DT 34457 4297 16 tube tube NN 34457 4297 17 _ _ NNP 34457 4297 18 a a DT 34457 4297 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4297 20 with with IN 34457 4297 21 the the DT 34457 4297 22 weighing weigh VBG 34457 4297 23 - - HYPH 34457 4297 24 tube tube NN 34457 4297 25 d. d. NNP 34457 4297 26 At at IN 34457 4297 27 _ _ NNP 34457 4297 28 c c NNP 34457 4297 29 _ _ NNP 34457 4297 30 there there EX 34457 4297 31 is be VBZ 34457 4297 32 a a DT 34457 4297 33 plug plug NN 34457 4297 34 of of IN 34457 4297 35 cotton cotton NN 34457 4297 36 wool wool NN 34457 4297 37 . . . 34457 4298 1 Tube Tube NNP 34457 4298 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4298 3 e e NNP 34457 4298 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4298 5 is be VBZ 34457 4298 6 open open JJ 34457 4298 7 to to IN 34457 4298 8 the the DT 34457 4298 9 air air NN 34457 4298 10 . . . 34457 4299 1 The the DT 34457 4299 2 wider wide JJR 34457 4299 3 portion portion NN 34457 4299 4 of of IN 34457 4299 5 the the DT 34457 4299 6 tube tube NN 34457 4299 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 8 cb cb NNP 34457 4299 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 10 , , , 34457 4299 11 which which WDT 34457 4299 12 passes pass VBZ 34457 4299 13 through through IN 34457 4299 14 the the DT 34457 4299 15 rubber rubber NN 34457 4299 16 stopper stopper NN 34457 4299 17 in in IN 34457 4299 18 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 19 a a DT 34457 4299 20 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 21 , , , 34457 4299 22 can can MD 34457 4299 23 be be VB 34457 4299 24 closed close VBN 34457 4299 25 by by IN 34457 4299 26 a a DT 34457 4299 27 plug plug NN 34457 4299 28 { { -LRB- 34457 4299 29 335 335 CD 34457 4299 30 } } -RRB- 34457 4299 31 attached attach VBN 34457 4299 32 to to IN 34457 4299 33 a a DT 34457 4299 34 glass glass NN 34457 4299 35 rod rod NN 34457 4299 36 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 37 ff ff NNP 34457 4299 38 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 39 , , , 34457 4299 40 which which WDT 34457 4299 41 passes pass VBZ 34457 4299 42 up up RP 34457 4299 43 through through IN 34457 4299 44 a a DT 34457 4299 45 hollow hollow JJ 34457 4299 46 Witt Witt NNP 34457 4299 47 stirrer stirrer NN 34457 4299 48 , , , 34457 4299 49 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 50 g g NNP 34457 4299 51 _ _ NNP 34457 4299 52 . . . 34457 4300 1 After after IN 34457 4300 2 being be VBG 34457 4300 3 fitted fit VBN 34457 4300 4 together together RB 34457 4300 5 , , , 34457 4300 6 the the DT 34457 4300 7 whole whole JJ 34457 4300 8 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 4300 9 is be VBZ 34457 4300 10 immersed immerse VBN 34457 4300 11 in in IN 34457 4300 12 the the DT 34457 4300 13 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4300 14 . . . 34457 4301 1 After after IN 34457 4301 2 the the DT 34457 4301 3 solution solution NN 34457 4301 4 has have VBZ 34457 4301 5 become become VBN 34457 4301 6 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4301 7 , , , 34457 4301 8 the the DT 34457 4301 9 stopper stopper NN 34457 4301 10 of of IN 34457 4301 11 the the DT 34457 4301 12 bent bent JJ 34457 4301 13 tube tube NN 34457 4301 14 is be VBZ 34457 4301 15 raised raise VBN 34457 4301 16 by by IN 34457 4301 17 means mean NNS 34457 4301 18 of of IN 34457 4301 19 the the DT 34457 4301 20 rod rod NN 34457 4301 21 _ _ NNP 34457 4301 22 ff ff NNP 34457 4301 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4301 24 and and CC 34457 4301 25 a a DT 34457 4301 26 suction suction NN 34457 4301 27 - - HYPH 34457 4301 28 pump pump NN 34457 4301 29 attached attach VBN 34457 4301 30 to to IN 34457 4301 31 the the DT 34457 4301 32 end end NN 34457 4301 33 of of IN 34457 4301 34 e. e. NN 34457 4301 35 The the DT 34457 4301 36 solution solution NN 34457 4301 37 is be VBZ 34457 4301 38 thereby thereby RB 34457 4301 39 drawn draw VBN 34457 4301 40 into into IN 34457 4301 41 the the DT 34457 4301 42 weighing weigh VBG 34457 4301 43 - - HYPH 34457 4301 44 tube tube NN 34457 4301 45 _ _ NNP 34457 4301 46 d d NNP 34457 4301 47 _ _ NNP 34457 4301 48 , , , 34457 4301 49 the the DT 34457 4301 50 undissolved undissolved JJ 34457 4301 51 salt salt NN 34457 4301 52 being be VBG 34457 4301 53 retained retain VBN 34457 4301 54 by by IN 34457 4301 55 the the DT 34457 4301 56 plug plug NN 34457 4301 57 at at IN 34457 4301 58 c. c. NN 34457 4301 59 The the DT 34457 4301 60 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 4301 61 is be VBZ 34457 4301 62 then then RB 34457 4301 63 removed remove VBN 34457 4301 64 from from IN 34457 4301 65 the the DT 34457 4301 66 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4301 67 , , , 34457 4301 68 tube tube NNP 34457 4301 69 _ _ NNP 34457 4301 70 d d NNP 34457 4301 71 _ _ NNP 34457 4301 72 detached detach VBN 34457 4301 73 and and CC 34457 4301 74 immediately immediately RB 34457 4301 75 closed close VBN 34457 4301 76 by by IN 34457 4301 77 a a DT 34457 4301 78 ground ground NN 34457 4301 79 stopper stopper NN 34457 4301 80 . . . 34457 4302 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4302 2 is be VBZ 34457 4302 3 then then RB 34457 4302 4 carefully carefully RB 34457 4302 5 dried dry VBN 34457 4302 6 and and CC 34457 4302 7 weighed weigh VBD 34457 4302 8 . . . 34457 4303 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4303 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4303 3 : : : 34457 4303 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4303 5 . . . 34457 4304 1 131 131 CD 34457 4304 2 . . . 34457 4304 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4305 1 Another another DT 34457 4305 2 form form NN 34457 4305 3 of of IN 34457 4305 4 solubility solubility NN 34457 4305 5 vessel vessel NN 34457 4305 6 , , , 34457 4305 7 due due IN 34457 4305 8 to to IN 34457 4305 9 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 4305 10 and and CC 34457 4305 11 Saunders Saunders NNPS 34457 4305 12 , , , 34457 4305 13 is be VBZ 34457 4305 14 shown show VBN 34457 4305 15 in in IN 34457 4305 16 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4305 17 . . . 34457 4306 1 132 132 CD 34457 4306 2 . . . 34457 4307 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4307 2 402 402 CD 34457 4307 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4307 4 This this DT 34457 4307 5 consists consist VBZ 34457 4307 6 of of IN 34457 4307 7 a a DT 34457 4307 8 single single JJ 34457 4307 9 tube tube NN 34457 4307 10 , , , 34457 4307 11 and and CC 34457 4307 12 the the DT 34457 4307 13 stirring stirring NN 34457 4307 14 is be VBZ 34457 4307 15 effected effect VBN 34457 4307 16 by by IN 34457 4307 17 means mean NNS 34457 4307 18 of of IN 34457 4307 19 a a DT 34457 4307 20 glass glass NN 34457 4307 21 screw screw NN 34457 4307 22 . . . 34457 4308 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4308 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4308 3 : : : 34457 4308 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4308 5 . . . 34457 4309 1 132 132 CD 34457 4309 2 . . . 34457 4309 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4310 1 The the DT 34457 4310 2 progress progress NN 34457 4310 3 of of IN 34457 4310 4 the the DT 34457 4310 5 solution solution NN 34457 4310 6 towards towards IN 34457 4310 7 saturation saturation NN 34457 4310 8 can can MD 34457 4310 9 be be VB 34457 4310 10 very very RB 34457 4310 11 well well RB 34457 4310 12 tested test VBN 34457 4310 13 by by IN 34457 4310 14 determining determine VBG 34457 4310 15 the the DT 34457 4310 16 density density NN 34457 4310 17 of of IN 34457 4310 18 the the DT 34457 4310 19 solution solution NN 34457 4310 20 from from IN 34457 4310 21 time time NN 34457 4310 22 to to IN 34457 4310 23 { { -LRB- 34457 4310 24 336 336 CD 34457 4310 25 } } -RRB- 34457 4310 26 time time NN 34457 4310 27 . . . 34457 4311 1 This this DT 34457 4311 2 is be VBZ 34457 4311 3 most most RBS 34457 4311 4 conveniently conveniently RB 34457 4311 5 carried carry VBN 34457 4311 6 out out RP 34457 4311 7 by by IN 34457 4311 8 means mean NNS 34457 4311 9 of of IN 34457 4311 10 the the DT 34457 4311 11 pipette pipette NN 34457 4311 12 shown show VBN 34457 4311 13 in in IN 34457 4311 14 Fig Fig NNP 34457 4311 15 . . . 34457 4312 1 133 133 LS 34457 4312 2 . . . 34457 4313 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4313 2 403 403 CD 34457 4313 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4313 4 With with IN 34457 4313 5 this this DT 34457 4313 6 pipette pipette NN 34457 4313 7 the the DT 34457 4313 8 solution solution NN 34457 4313 9 can can MD 34457 4313 10 not not RB 34457 4313 11 only only RB 34457 4313 12 be be VB 34457 4313 13 removed remove VBN 34457 4313 14 for for IN 34457 4313 15 weighing weighing NN 34457 4313 16 , , , 34457 4313 17 but but CC 34457 4313 18 the the DT 34457 4313 19 volume volume NN 34457 4313 20 can can MD 34457 4313 21 be be VB 34457 4313 22 determined determine VBN 34457 4313 23 at at IN 34457 4313 24 the the DT 34457 4313 25 same same JJ 34457 4313 26 time time NN 34457 4313 27 . . . 34457 4314 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4314 2 consists consist VBZ 34457 4314 3 of of IN 34457 4314 4 the the DT 34457 4314 5 wide wide JJ 34457 4314 6 tube tube NN 34457 4314 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4314 8 a a DT 34457 4314 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4314 10 , , , 34457 4314 11 to to TO 34457 4314 12 which which WDT 34457 4314 13 the the DT 34457 4314 14 graduated graduate VBN 34457 4314 15 capillary capillary JJ 34457 4314 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4314 17 b b NNP 34457 4314 18 _ _ NNP 34457 4314 19 , , , 34457 4314 20 furnished furnish VBN 34457 4314 21 with with IN 34457 4314 22 a a DT 34457 4314 23 cap cap NN 34457 4314 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4314 25 c c NNP 34457 4314 26 _ _ NNP 34457 4314 27 , , , 34457 4314 28 is be VBZ 34457 4314 29 attached attach VBN 34457 4314 30 . . . 34457 4315 1 To to IN 34457 4315 2 the the DT 34457 4315 3 lower low JJR 34457 4315 4 end end NN 34457 4315 5 of of IN 34457 4315 6 the the DT 34457 4315 7 pipette pipette NN 34457 4315 8 the the DT 34457 4315 9 tube tube NN 34457 4315 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4315 11 e e NNP 34457 4315 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4315 13 , , , 34457 4315 14 with with IN 34457 4315 15 plug plug NN 34457 4315 16 of of IN 34457 4315 17 cotton cotton NN 34457 4315 18 wool wool NN 34457 4315 19 , , , 34457 4315 20 can can MD 34457 4315 21 be be VB 34457 4315 22 fixed fix VBN 34457 4315 23 . . . 34457 4316 1 After after IN 34457 4316 2 the the DT 34457 4316 3 pipette pipette NN 34457 4316 4 has have VBZ 34457 4316 5 been be VBN 34457 4316 6 filled fill VBN 34457 4316 7 by by IN 34457 4316 8 sucking suck VBG 34457 4316 9 at at IN 34457 4316 10 the the DT 34457 4316 11 end end NN 34457 4316 12 of of IN 34457 4316 13 _ _ NNP 34457 4316 14 b b NNP 34457 4316 15 _ _ NNP 34457 4316 16 , , , 34457 4316 17 the the DT 34457 4316 18 stop stop NN 34457 4316 19 - - HYPH 34457 4316 20 cock cock NN 34457 4316 21 _ _ NNP 34457 4316 22 d d NNP 34457 4316 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4316 24 is be VBZ 34457 4316 25 closed close VBN 34457 4316 26 and and CC 34457 4316 27 the the DT 34457 4316 28 cap cap NN 34457 4316 29 _ _ NNP 34457 4316 30 c c NNP 34457 4316 31 _ _ NNP 34457 4316 32 placed place VBD 34457 4316 33 on on IN 34457 4316 34 the the DT 34457 4316 35 capillary capillary NN 34457 4316 36 . . . 34457 4317 1 The the DT 34457 4317 2 apparatus apparatus NN 34457 4317 3 can can MD 34457 4317 4 then then RB 34457 4317 5 be be VB 34457 4317 6 weighed weigh VBN 34457 4317 7 , , , 34457 4317 8 and and CC 34457 4317 9 the the DT 34457 4317 10 volume volume NN 34457 4317 11 of of IN 34457 4317 12 the the DT 34457 4317 13 solution solution NN 34457 4317 14 be be VB 34457 4317 15 ascertained ascertain VBN 34457 4317 16 by by IN 34457 4317 17 means mean NNS 34457 4317 18 of of IN 34457 4317 19 the the DT 34457 4317 20 graduations graduation NNS 34457 4317 21 . . . 34457 4318 1 As as IN 34457 4318 2 has have VBZ 34457 4318 3 already already RB 34457 4318 4 been be VBN 34457 4318 5 insisted insist VBN 34457 4318 6 , , , 34457 4318 7 particular particular JJ 34457 4318 8 care care NN 34457 4318 9 must must MD 34457 4318 10 be be VB 34457 4318 11 paid pay VBN 34457 4318 12 to to IN 34457 4318 13 the the DT 34457 4318 14 characterization characterization NN 34457 4318 15 of of IN 34457 4318 16 the the DT 34457 4318 17 solid solid JJ 34457 4318 18 in in IN 34457 4318 19 contact contact NN 34457 4318 20 with with IN 34457 4318 21 the the DT 34457 4318 22 solution solution NN 34457 4318 23 . . . 34457 4319 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4319 2 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4319 3 : : : 34457 4319 4 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4319 5 . . . 34457 4320 1 133 133 LS 34457 4320 2 . . . 34457 4320 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4321 1 IV IV NNP 34457 4321 2 . . . 34457 4322 1 Thermometric Thermometric NNP 34457 4322 2 Method.--If Method.--If NNP 34457 4322 3 a a DT 34457 4322 4 substance substance NN 34457 4322 5 is be VBZ 34457 4322 6 heated heat VBN 34457 4322 7 , , , 34457 4322 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4322 9 temperature temperature NN 34457 4322 10 will will MD 34457 4322 11 gradually gradually RB 34457 4322 12 rise rise VB 34457 4322 13 until until IN 34457 4322 14 the the DT 34457 4322 15 melting melting NN 34457 4322 16 point point NN 34457 4322 17 is be VBZ 34457 4322 18 reached reach VBN 34457 4322 19 , , , 34457 4322 20 and and CC 34457 4322 21 the the DT 34457 4322 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 4322 23 will will MD 34457 4322 24 then then RB 34457 4322 25 remain remain VB 34457 4322 26 constant constant JJ 34457 4322 27 until until IN 34457 4322 28 all all PDT 34457 4322 29 the the DT 34457 4322 30 solid solid JJ 34457 4322 31 has have VBZ 34457 4322 32 passed pass VBN 34457 4322 33 into into IN 34457 4322 34 liquid liquid NN 34457 4322 35 . . . 34457 4323 1 Similarly similarly RB 34457 4323 2 , , , 34457 4323 3 if if IN 34457 4323 4 a a DT 34457 4323 5 substance substance NN 34457 4323 6 which which WDT 34457 4323 7 can can MD 34457 4323 8 undergo undergo VB 34457 4323 9 transformation transformation NN 34457 4323 10 is be VBZ 34457 4323 11 heated heat VBN 34457 4323 12 , , , 34457 4323 13 the the DT 34457 4323 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 4323 15 will will MD 34457 4323 16 rise rise VB 34457 4323 17 until until IN 34457 4323 18 the the DT 34457 4323 19 transition transition NN 34457 4323 20 point point NN 34457 4323 21 is be VBZ 34457 4323 22 reached reach VBN 34457 4323 23 , , , 34457 4323 24 and and CC 34457 4323 25 will will MD 34457 4323 26 then then RB 34457 4323 27 remain remain VB 34457 4323 28 constant constant JJ 34457 4323 29 until until IN 34457 4323 30 complete complete JJ 34457 4323 31 transformation transformation NN 34457 4323 32 has have VBZ 34457 4323 33 taken take VBN 34457 4323 34 place place NN 34457 4323 35 . . . 34457 4324 1 This this DT 34457 4324 2 method method NN 34457 4324 3 , , , 34457 4324 4 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4324 5 will will MD 34457 4324 6 be be VB 34457 4324 7 remembered remember VBN 34457 4324 8 , , , 34457 4324 9 was be VBD 34457 4324 10 employed employ VBN 34457 4324 11 by by IN 34457 4324 12 Richards Richards NNP 34457 4324 13 for for IN 34457 4324 14 the the DT 34457 4324 15 determination determination NN 34457 4324 16 of of IN 34457 4324 17 the the DT 34457 4324 18 transition transition NN 34457 4324 19 point point NN 34457 4324 20 of of IN 34457 4324 21 sodium sodium NN 34457 4324 22 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4324 23 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 4324 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4324 25 p. p. NN 34457 4324 26 136 136 CD 34457 4324 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4324 28 . . . 34457 4325 1 The the DT 34457 4325 2 following follow VBG 34457 4325 3 figures figure NNS 34457 4325 4 give give VBP 34457 4325 5 the the DT 34457 4325 6 results result NNS 34457 4325 7 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4325 8 by by IN 34457 4325 9 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 4325 10 in in IN 34457 4325 11 the the DT 34457 4325 12 case case NN 34457 4325 13 of of IN 34457 4325 14 the the DT 34457 4325 15 transformation:-- transformation:-- NN 34457 4325 16 CuK_{2}Cl_{4},2H_{2}O cuk_{2}cl_{4},2h_{2}o ADD 34457 4325 17 < < XX 34457 4325 18 -- -- : 34457 4325 19 > > XX 34457 4325 20 CuKCl_{3 cukcl_{3 NN 34457 4325 21 } } -RRB- 34457 4325 22 + + CC 34457 4325 23 KCl KCl NNS 34457 4325 24 + + SYM 34457 4325 25 2H_{2}O 2h_{2}o CD 34457 4325 26 the the DT 34457 4325 27 temperature temperature NN 34457 4325 28 being be VBG 34457 4325 29 noted note VBN 34457 4325 30 from from IN 34457 4325 31 minute minute NN 34457 4325 32 to to IN 34457 4325 33 minute minute VB 34457 4325 34 : : : 34457 4325 35 95 95â CD 34457 4325 36 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 37 , , , 34457 4325 38 93 93â NN 34457 4325 39 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 40 , , , 34457 4325 41 91.8 91.8â CD 34457 4325 42 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 43 , , , 34457 4325 44 91.7 91.7â CD 34457 4325 45 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 46 , , , 34457 4325 47 92 92 NNP 34457 4325 48 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 49 , , , 34457 4325 50 92.3 92.3â CD 34457 4325 51 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 52 , , , 34457 4325 53 92.4 92.4â CD 34457 4325 54 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 55 , , , 34457 4325 56 92.2 92.2â CD 34457 4325 57 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 58 , , , 34457 4325 59 92.2 92.2â CD 34457 4325 60 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 61 , , , 34457 4325 62 92 92 NNP 34457 4325 63 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 64 , , , 34457 4325 65 90.5 90.5â CD 34457 4325 66 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 67 , , , 34457 4325 68 89 89 NNP 34457 4325 69 ° ° NNS 34457 4325 70 , , , 34457 4325 71 and and CC 34457 4325 72 then then RB 34457 4325 73 a a DT 34457 4325 74 rapid rapid JJ 34457 4325 75 fall fall NN 34457 4325 76 in in IN 34457 4325 77 the the DT 34457 4325 78 temperature temperature NN 34457 4325 79 . . . 34457 4326 1 From from IN 34457 4326 2 this this DT 34457 4326 3 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4326 4 see see VBP 34457 4326 5 that that IN 34457 4326 6 the the DT 34457 4326 7 transition transition NN 34457 4326 8 point point NN 34457 4326 9 is be VBZ 34457 4326 10 about about RB 34457 4326 11 92.2 92.2â CD 34457 4326 12 ° ° NNS 34457 4326 13 . . . 34457 4327 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4327 2 is be VBZ 34457 4327 3 also also RB 34457 4327 4 evident evident JJ 34457 4327 5 that that IN 34457 4327 6 a a DT 34457 4327 7 slight slight JJ 34457 4327 8 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 4327 9 took take VBD 34457 4327 10 place place NN 34457 4327 11 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4327 12 91.7 91.7â CD 34457 4327 13 ° ° NNS 34457 4327 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4327 15 , , , 34457 4327 16 owing owe VBG 34457 4327 17 to to IN 34457 4327 18 a a DT 34457 4327 19 delay delay NN 34457 4327 20 in in IN 34457 4327 21 the the DT 34457 4327 22 transformation transformation NN 34457 4327 23 , , , 34457 4327 24 but but CC 34457 4327 25 that that IN 34457 4327 26 then then RB 34457 4327 27 the the DT 34457 4327 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 4327 29 rose rise VBD 34457 4327 30 to to IN 34457 4327 31 the the DT 34457 4327 32 transition transition NN 34457 4327 33 point point NN 34457 4327 34 . . . 34457 4328 1 This this DT 34457 4328 2 is be VBZ 34457 4328 3 analogous analogous JJ 34457 4328 4 to to IN 34457 4328 5 the the DT 34457 4328 6 supercooling supercooling NN 34457 4328 7 of of IN 34457 4328 8 a a DT 34457 4328 9 liquid liquid NN 34457 4328 10 . . . 34457 4329 1 A a DT 34457 4329 2 similar similar JJ 34457 4329 3 halt halt NN 34457 4329 4 in in IN 34457 4329 5 the the DT 34457 4329 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 4329 7 would would MD 34457 4329 8 be be VB 34457 4329 9 observed observe VBN 34457 4329 10 on on IN 34457 4329 11 passing pass VBG 34457 4329 12 from from IN 34457 4329 13 lower low JJR 34457 4329 14 to to IN 34457 4329 15 higher high JJR 34457 4329 16 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4329 17 ; ; : 34457 4329 18 but but CC 34457 4329 19 owing owe VBG 34457 4329 20 to to IN 34457 4329 21 a a DT 34457 4329 22 lag lag NN 34457 4329 23 in in IN 34457 4329 24 the the DT 34457 4329 25 transformation transformation NN 34457 4329 26 , , , 34457 4329 27 the the DT 34457 4329 28 same same JJ 34457 4329 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 4329 30 is be VBZ 34457 4329 31 not not RB 34457 4329 32 always always RB 34457 4329 33 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4329 34 . . . 34457 4330 1 { { -LRB- 34457 4330 2 337 337 CD 34457 4330 3 } } -RRB- 34457 4330 4 V. V. NNP 34457 4330 5 Optical Optical NNP 34457 4330 6 Method.--The Method.--The NNP 34457 4330 7 transition transition NN 34457 4330 8 point point NN 34457 4330 9 can can MD 34457 4330 10 sometimes sometimes RB 34457 4330 11 be be VB 34457 4330 12 determined determine VBN 34457 4330 13 by by IN 34457 4330 14 noting note VBG 34457 4330 15 the the DT 34457 4330 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 4330 17 at at IN 34457 4330 18 which which WDT 34457 4330 19 some some DT 34457 4330 20 alteration alteration NN 34457 4330 21 in in IN 34457 4330 22 the the DT 34457 4330 23 appearance appearance NN 34457 4330 24 of of IN 34457 4330 25 the the DT 34457 4330 26 substance substance NN 34457 4330 27 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4330 28 , , , 34457 4330 29 such such JJ 34457 4330 30 as as IN 34457 4330 31 a a DT 34457 4330 32 change change NN 34457 4330 33 of of IN 34457 4330 34 colour colour NN 34457 4330 35 or or CC 34457 4330 36 of of IN 34457 4330 37 the the DT 34457 4330 38 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 4330 39 form form NN 34457 4330 40 . . . 34457 4331 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4331 2 mercuric mercuric JJ 34457 4331 3 iodide iodide NN 34457 4331 4 changes change VBZ 34457 4331 5 colour colour NN 34457 4331 6 from from IN 34457 4331 7 red red JJ 34457 4331 8 to to IN 34457 4331 9 yellow yellow NN 34457 4331 10 , , , 34457 4331 11 and and CC 34457 4331 12 the the DT 34457 4331 13 blue blue JJ 34457 4331 14 quadratic quadratic JJ 34457 4331 15 crystals crystal NNS 34457 4331 16 of of IN 34457 4331 17 copper copper NN 34457 4331 18 calcium calcium NNP 34457 4331 19 acetate acetate JJ 34457 4331 20 change change NN 34457 4331 21 , , , 34457 4331 22 on on IN 34457 4331 23 passing pass VBG 34457 4331 24 the the DT 34457 4331 25 transition transition NN 34457 4331 26 point point NN 34457 4331 27 , , , 34457 4331 28 into into IN 34457 4331 29 green green JJ 34457 4331 30 rhombs rhomb NNS 34457 4331 31 of of IN 34457 4331 32 copper copper NN 34457 4331 33 acetate acetate NN 34457 4331 34 and and CC 34457 4331 35 white white JJ 34457 4331 36 needles needle NNS 34457 4331 37 of of IN 34457 4331 38 calcium calcium NN 34457 4331 39 acetate acetate NN 34457 4331 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4331 41 p. p. NN 34457 4331 42 260 260 CD 34457 4331 43 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4331 44 . . . 34457 4332 1 Or or CC 34457 4332 2 again again RB 34457 4332 3 , , , 34457 4332 4 changes change NNS 34457 4332 5 in in IN 34457 4332 6 the the DT 34457 4332 7 double double JJ 34457 4332 8 refraction refraction NN 34457 4332 9 of of IN 34457 4332 10 the the DT 34457 4332 11 crystals crystal NNS 34457 4332 12 may may MD 34457 4332 13 be be VB 34457 4332 14 also also RB 34457 4332 15 employed employ VBN 34457 4332 16 to to TO 34457 4332 17 ascertain ascertain VB 34457 4332 18 the the DT 34457 4332 19 temperature temperature NN 34457 4332 20 of of IN 34457 4332 21 the the DT 34457 4332 22 transition transition NN 34457 4332 23 point point NN 34457 4332 24 . . . 34457 4333 1 These these DT 34457 4333 2 changes change NNS 34457 4333 3 are be VBP 34457 4333 4 best best RB 34457 4333 5 observed observe VBN 34457 4333 6 by by IN 34457 4333 7 means mean NNS 34457 4333 8 of of IN 34457 4333 9 a a DT 34457 4333 10 microscope microscope NN 34457 4333 11 . . . 34457 4334 1 For for IN 34457 4334 2 the the DT 34457 4334 3 purpose purpose NN 34457 4334 4 of of IN 34457 4334 5 regulating regulate VBG 34457 4334 6 the the DT 34457 4334 7 temperature temperature NN 34457 4334 8 of of IN 34457 4334 9 the the DT 34457 4334 10 substance substance NN 34457 4334 11 a a DT 34457 4334 12 small small JJ 34457 4334 13 copper copper NN 34457 4334 14 air air NN 34457 4334 15 - - HYPH 34457 4334 16 bath bath NN 34457 4334 17 is be VBZ 34457 4334 18 employed employ VBN 34457 4334 19 . . . 34457 4335 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4335 2 404 404 CD 34457 4335 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4335 4 VI VI NNP 34457 4335 5 . . . 34457 4336 1 Electrical electrical JJ 34457 4336 2 Methods.--Electrical methods.--electrical JJ 34457 4336 3 methods method NNS 34457 4336 4 for for IN 34457 4336 5 the the DT 34457 4336 6 determination determination NN 34457 4336 7 of of IN 34457 4336 8 the the DT 34457 4336 9 transition transition NN 34457 4336 10 point point NN 34457 4336 11 are be VBP 34457 4336 12 of of IN 34457 4336 13 two two CD 34457 4336 14 kinds kind NNS 34457 4336 15 , , , 34457 4336 16 based base VBN 34457 4336 17 on on IN 34457 4336 18 measurements measurement NNS 34457 4336 19 of of IN 34457 4336 20 conductivity conductivity NN 34457 4336 21 or or CC 34457 4336 22 of of IN 34457 4336 23 electromotive electromotive JJ 34457 4336 24 force force NN 34457 4336 25 . . . 34457 4337 1 Both both DT 34457 4337 2 methods method NNS 34457 4337 3 are be VBP 34457 4337 4 restricted restrict VBN 34457 4337 5 in in IN 34457 4337 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4337 7 application application NN 34457 4337 8 , , , 34457 4337 9 but but CC 34457 4337 10 where where WRB 34457 4337 11 applicable applicable JJ 34457 4337 12 give give VBP 34457 4337 13 very very RB 34457 4337 14 exact exact JJ 34457 4337 15 results result NNS 34457 4337 16 . . . 34457 4338 1 The the DT 34457 4338 2 former former JJ 34457 4338 3 method method NN 34457 4338 4 , , , 34457 4338 5 which which WDT 34457 4338 6 has have VBZ 34457 4338 7 been be VBN 34457 4338 8 employed employ VBN 34457 4338 9 in in IN 34457 4338 10 several several JJ 34457 4338 11 cases case NNS 34457 4338 12 , , , 34457 4338 13 need nee MD 34457 4338 14 not not RB 34457 4338 15 be be VB 34457 4338 16 described describe VBN 34457 4338 17 here here RB 34457 4338 18 . . . 34457 4339 1 The the DT 34457 4339 2 second second JJ 34457 4339 3 method method NN 34457 4339 4 , , , 34457 4339 5 however however RB 34457 4339 6 , , , 34457 4339 7 is be VBZ 34457 4339 8 of of IN 34457 4339 9 considerable considerable JJ 34457 4339 10 interest interest NN 34457 4339 11 and and CC 34457 4339 12 importance importance NN 34457 4339 13 , , , 34457 4339 14 and and CC 34457 4339 15 calls call NNS 34457 4339 16 for for IN 34457 4339 17 special special JJ 34457 4339 18 reference reference NN 34457 4339 19 . . . 34457 4340 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4340 2 405 405 CD 34457 4340 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4340 4 If if IN 34457 4340 5 two two CD 34457 4340 6 pieces piece NNS 34457 4340 7 , , , 34457 4340 8 say say VBP 34457 4340 9 , , , 34457 4340 10 of of IN 34457 4340 11 zinc zinc NN 34457 4340 12 , , , 34457 4340 13 connected connect VBN 34457 4340 14 together together RB 34457 4340 15 by by IN 34457 4340 16 a a DT 34457 4340 17 conducting conduct VBG 34457 4340 18 wire wire NN 34457 4340 19 , , , 34457 4340 20 are be VBP 34457 4340 21 placed place VBN 34457 4340 22 in in IN 34457 4340 23 a a DT 34457 4340 24 solution solution NN 34457 4340 25 of of IN 34457 4340 26 a a DT 34457 4340 27 zinc zinc NN 34457 4340 28 salt salt NN 34457 4340 29 , , , 34457 4340 30 _ _ NNP 34457 4340 31 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 4340 32 _ _ NNP 34457 4340 33 zinc zinc NN 34457 4340 34 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4340 35 , , , 34457 4340 36 the the DT 34457 4340 37 potential potential NN 34457 4340 38 of of IN 34457 4340 39 the the DT 34457 4340 40 two two CD 34457 4340 41 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4340 42 will will MD 34457 4340 43 be be VB 34457 4340 44 the the DT 34457 4340 45 same same JJ 34457 4340 46 , , , 34457 4340 47 and and CC 34457 4340 48 no no DT 34457 4340 49 current current NN 34457 4340 50 will will MD 34457 4340 51 be be VB 34457 4340 52 produced produce VBN 34457 4340 53 in in IN 34457 4340 54 the the DT 34457 4340 55 connecting connect VBG 34457 4340 56 wire wire NN 34457 4340 57 . . . 34457 4341 1 If if IN 34457 4341 2 , , , 34457 4341 3 however however RB 34457 4341 4 , , , 34457 4341 5 the the DT 34457 4341 6 zinc zinc NN 34457 4341 7 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4341 8 are be VBP 34457 4341 9 immersed immerse VBN 34457 4341 10 in in IN 34457 4341 11 two two CD 34457 4341 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 4341 13 of of IN 34457 4341 14 _ _ NNP 34457 4341 15 different different JJ 34457 4341 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4341 17 concentration concentration NN 34457 4341 18 contained contain VBN 34457 4341 19 in in IN 34457 4341 20 separate separate JJ 34457 4341 21 vessels vessel NNS 34457 4341 22 , , , 34457 4341 23 but but CC 34457 4341 24 placed place VBN 34457 4341 25 in in IN 34457 4341 26 connection connection NN 34457 4341 27 with with IN 34457 4341 28 one one NN 34457 4341 29 another another DT 34457 4341 30 by by IN 34457 4341 31 means mean NNS 34457 4341 32 of of IN 34457 4341 33 a a DT 34457 4341 34 bent bent JJ 34457 4341 35 tube tube NN 34457 4341 36 filled fill VBN 34457 4341 37 with with IN 34457 4341 38 a a DT 34457 4341 39 conducting conduct VBG 34457 4341 40 solution solution NN 34457 4341 41 , , , 34457 4341 42 the the DT 34457 4341 43 potentials potential NNS 34457 4341 44 at at IN 34457 4341 45 the the DT 34457 4341 46 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4341 47 will will MD 34457 4341 48 no no RB 34457 4341 49 longer longer RB 34457 4341 50 be be VB 34457 4341 51 the the DT 34457 4341 52 same same JJ 34457 4341 53 , , , 34457 4341 54 and and CC 34457 4341 55 a a DT 34457 4341 56 current current NN 34457 4341 57 will will MD 34457 4341 58 now now RB 34457 4341 59 flow flow VB 34457 4341 60 through through IN 34457 4341 61 the the DT 34457 4341 62 connecting connect VBG 34457 4341 63 wire wire NN 34457 4341 64 . . . 34457 4342 1 The the DT 34457 4342 2 direction direction NN 34457 4342 3 of of IN 34457 4342 4 this this DT 34457 4342 5 current current JJ 34457 4342 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4342 7 in in IN 34457 4342 8 the the DT 34457 4342 9 cell cell NN 34457 4342 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4342 11 will will MD 34457 4342 12 be be VB 34457 4342 13 from from IN 34457 4342 14 the the DT 34457 4342 15 weaker weak JJR 34457 4342 16 to to IN 34457 4342 17 the the DT 34457 4342 18 more more RBR 34457 4342 19 concentrated concentrated JJ 34457 4342 20 solution solution NN 34457 4342 21 . . . 34457 4343 1 The the DT 34457 4343 2 greater great JJR 34457 4343 3 the the DT 34457 4343 4 difference difference NN 34457 4343 5 in in IN 34457 4343 6 the the DT 34457 4343 7 concentration concentration NN 34457 4343 8 of of IN 34457 4343 9 the the DT 34457 4343 10 solutions solution NNS 34457 4343 11 with with IN 34457 4343 12 respect respect NN 34457 4343 13 to to IN 34457 4343 14 zinc zinc NN 34457 4343 15 , , , 34457 4343 16 the the DT 34457 4343 17 greater great JJR 34457 4343 18 will will MD 34457 4343 19 be be VB 34457 4343 20 the the DT 34457 4343 21 difference difference NN 34457 4343 22 of of IN 34457 4343 23 the the DT 34457 4343 24 potential potential NN 34457 4343 25 at at IN 34457 4343 26 the the DT 34457 4343 27 two two CD 34457 4343 28 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4343 29 , , , 34457 4343 30 or or CC 34457 4343 31 the the DT 34457 4343 32 greater great JJR 34457 4343 33 will will MD 34457 4343 34 be be VB 34457 4343 35 the the DT 34457 4343 36 E.M.F. E.M.F. NNP 34457 4344 1 of of IN 34457 4344 2 the the DT 34457 4344 3 cell cell NN 34457 4344 4 . . . 34457 4345 1 When when WRB 34457 4345 2 the the DT 34457 4345 3 concentration concentration NN 34457 4345 4 of of IN 34457 4345 5 the the DT 34457 4345 6 two two CD 34457 4345 7 solutions solution NNS 34457 4345 8 becomes become VBZ 34457 4345 9 the the DT 34457 4345 10 same same JJ 34457 4345 11 , , , 34457 4345 12 the the DT 34457 4345 13 E.M.F. E.M.F. NNP 34457 4346 1 will will MD 34457 4346 2 become become VB 34457 4346 3 zero zero CD 34457 4346 4 , , , 34457 4346 5 and and CC 34457 4346 6 no no DT 34457 4346 7 current current NN 34457 4346 8 will will MD 34457 4346 9 pass pass VB 34457 4346 10 . . . 34457 4347 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4347 2 will will MD 34457 4347 3 be be VB 34457 4347 4 understood understand VBN 34457 4347 5 now now RB 34457 4347 6 how how WRB 34457 4347 7 this this DT 34457 4347 8 method method NN 34457 4347 9 can can MD 34457 4347 10 be be VB 34457 4347 11 made make VBN 34457 4347 12 use use NN 34457 4347 13 of of IN 34457 4347 14 { { -LRB- 34457 4347 15 338 338 CD 34457 4347 16 } } -RRB- 34457 4347 17 for for IN 34457 4347 18 determining determine VBG 34457 4347 19 the the DT 34457 4347 20 transition transition NN 34457 4347 21 point point NN 34457 4347 22 of of IN 34457 4347 23 a a DT 34457 4347 24 salt salt NN 34457 4347 25 , , , 34457 4347 26 when when WRB 34457 4347 27 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4347 28 bear bear VBP 34457 4347 29 in in IN 34457 4347 30 mind mind NN 34457 4347 31 that that IN 34457 4347 32 at at IN 34457 4347 33 the the DT 34457 4347 34 transition transition NN 34457 4347 35 point point NN 34457 4347 36 the the DT 34457 4347 37 solubility solubility NN 34457 4347 38 of of IN 34457 4347 39 the the DT 34457 4347 40 two two CD 34457 4347 41 forms form NNS 34457 4347 42 becomes become VBZ 34457 4347 43 identical identical JJ 34457 4347 44 . . . 34457 4348 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4348 2 , , , 34457 4348 3 for for IN 34457 4348 4 example example NN 34457 4348 5 , , , 34457 4348 6 the the DT 34457 4348 7 transition transition NN 34457 4348 8 point point NN 34457 4348 9 of of IN 34457 4348 10 zinc zinc NN 34457 4348 11 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4348 12 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 4348 13 into into IN 34457 4348 14 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 4348 15 could could MD 34457 4348 16 be be VB 34457 4348 17 determined determine VBN 34457 4348 18 in in IN 34457 4348 19 the the DT 34457 4348 20 following follow VBG 34457 4348 21 manner manner NN 34457 4348 22 . . . 34457 4349 1 Tube Tube NNP 34457 4349 2 A a NN 34457 4349 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4349 4 Fig fig NN 34457 4349 5 . . . 34457 4350 1 134 134 CD 34457 4350 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4350 3 contains contain VBZ 34457 4350 4 , , , 34457 4350 5 say say VB 34457 4350 6 , , , 34457 4350 7 a a DT 34457 4350 8 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4350 9 solution solution NN 34457 4350 10 of of IN 34457 4350 11 the the DT 34457 4350 12 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 4350 13 along along IN 34457 4350 14 with with IN 34457 4350 15 some some DT 34457 4350 16 of of IN 34457 4350 17 the the DT 34457 4350 18 solid solid JJ 34457 4350 19 salt salt NN 34457 4350 20 ; ; : 34457 4350 21 tube tube NNP 34457 4350 22 B B NNP 34457 4350 23 , , , 34457 4350 24 a a DT 34457 4350 25 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4350 26 solution solution NN 34457 4350 27 of of IN 34457 4350 28 the the DT 34457 4350 29 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 4350 30 along along IN 34457 4350 31 with with IN 34457 4350 32 the the DT 34457 4350 33 solid solid JJ 34457 4350 34 salt salt NN 34457 4350 35 . . . 34457 4351 1 The the DT 34457 4351 2 tube tube NN 34457 4351 3 C C NNP 34457 4351 4 is be VBZ 34457 4351 5 a a DT 34457 4351 6 connecting connect VBG 34457 4351 7 tube tube NN 34457 4351 8 bent bent NN 34457 4351 9 downwards downward NNS 34457 4351 10 so so IN 34457 4351 11 as as IN 34457 4351 12 to to TO 34457 4351 13 prevent prevent VB 34457 4351 14 the the DT 34457 4351 15 mixing mixing NN 34457 4351 16 of of IN 34457 4351 17 the the DT 34457 4351 18 solutions solution NNS 34457 4351 19 by by IN 34457 4351 20 convection convection NN 34457 4351 21 currents current NNS 34457 4351 22 . . . 34457 4352 1 ZZ ZZ NNP 34457 4352 2 are be VBP 34457 4352 3 two two CD 34457 4352 4 zinc zinc NN 34457 4352 5 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4352 6 immersed immerse VBN 34457 4352 7 in in IN 34457 4352 8 the the DT 34457 4352 9 solution solution NN 34457 4352 10 ; ; : 34457 4352 11 the the DT 34457 4352 12 cell cell NN 34457 4352 13 is be VBZ 34457 4352 14 placed place VBN 34457 4352 15 in in IN 34457 4352 16 a a DT 34457 4352 17 thermostat thermostat NN 34457 4352 18 and and CC 34457 4352 19 the the DT 34457 4352 20 zinc zinc NN 34457 4352 21 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4352 22 connected connect VBN 34457 4352 23 with with IN 34457 4352 24 a a DT 34457 4352 25 galvanometer galvanometer NN 34457 4352 26 . . . 34457 4353 1 Since since IN 34457 4353 2 , , , 34457 4353 3 now now RB 34457 4353 4 , , , 34457 4353 5 at at IN 34457 4353 6 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4353 7 below below IN 34457 4353 8 the the DT 34457 4353 9 transition transition NN 34457 4353 10 point point VBP 34457 4353 11 the the DT 34457 4353 12 solubility solubility NN 34457 4353 13 of of IN 34457 4353 14 the the DT 34457 4353 15 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 4353 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4353 17 the the DT 34457 4353 18 metastable metastable JJ 34457 4353 19 form form NN 34457 4353 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4353 21 is be VBZ 34457 4353 22 greater great JJR 34457 4353 23 than than IN 34457 4353 24 that that DT 34457 4353 25 of of IN 34457 4353 26 the the DT 34457 4353 27 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 4353 28 , , , 34457 4353 29 a a DT 34457 4353 30 current current NN 34457 4353 31 will will MD 34457 4353 32 be be VB 34457 4353 33 produced produce VBN 34457 4353 34 , , , 34457 4353 35 flowing flow VBG 34457 4353 36 in in IN 34457 4353 37 the the DT 34457 4353 38 cell cell NN 34457 4353 39 from from IN 34457 4353 40 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 4353 41 to to TO 34457 4353 42 hexahydrate hexahydrate VB 34457 4353 43 . . . 34457 4354 1 As as IN 34457 4354 2 the the DT 34457 4354 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 4354 4 is be VBZ 34457 4354 5 raised raise VBN 34457 4354 6 towards towards IN 34457 4354 7 the the DT 34457 4354 8 transition transition NN 34457 4354 9 point point NN 34457 4354 10 , , , 34457 4354 11 the the DT 34457 4354 12 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 4354 13 of of IN 34457 4354 14 the the DT 34457 4354 15 two two CD 34457 4354 16 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4354 17 also also RB 34457 4354 18 approach approach VBP 34457 4354 19 , , , 34457 4354 20 and and CC 34457 4354 21 the the DT 34457 4354 22 current current NN 34457 4354 23 produced produce VBN 34457 4354 24 will will MD 34457 4354 25 therefore therefore RB 34457 4354 26 become become VB 34457 4354 27 weaker weak JJR 34457 4354 28 , , , 34457 4354 29 because because IN 34457 4354 30 the the DT 34457 4354 31 E.M.F. E.M.F. NNP 34457 4355 1 of of IN 34457 4355 2 the the DT 34457 4355 3 cell cell NN 34457 4355 4 becomes become VBZ 34457 4355 5 less less JJR 34457 4355 6 ; ; : 34457 4355 7 and and CC 34457 4355 8 when when WRB 34457 4355 9 the the DT 34457 4355 10 transition transition NN 34457 4355 11 point point NN 34457 4355 12 is be VBZ 34457 4355 13 attained attain VBN 34457 4355 14 , , , 34457 4355 15 the the DT 34457 4355 16 E.M.F. E.M.F. NNP 34457 4356 1 becomes become VBZ 34457 4356 2 zero zero CD 34457 4356 3 , , , 34457 4356 4 and and CC 34457 4356 5 the the DT 34457 4356 6 current current JJ 34457 4356 7 ceases cease NNS 34457 4356 8 . . . 34457 4357 1 If if IN 34457 4357 2 the the DT 34457 4357 3 temperature temperature NN 34457 4357 4 is be VBZ 34457 4357 5 raised raise VBN 34457 4357 6 above above IN 34457 4357 7 this this DT 34457 4357 8 , , , 34457 4357 9 the the DT 34457 4357 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 4357 11 of of IN 34457 4357 12 the the DT 34457 4357 13 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 4357 14 becomes become VBZ 34457 4357 15 greater great JJR 34457 4357 16 than than IN 34457 4357 17 that that DT 34457 4357 18 of of IN 34457 4357 19 the the DT 34457 4357 20 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 4357 21 , , , 34457 4357 22 and and CC 34457 4357 23 a a DT 34457 4357 24 current current NN 34457 4357 25 will will MD 34457 4357 26 again again RB 34457 4357 27 be be VB 34457 4357 28 produced produce VBN 34457 4357 29 , , , 34457 4357 30 but but CC 34457 4357 31 in in IN 34457 4357 32 the the DT 34457 4357 33 opposite opposite JJ 34457 4357 34 direction direction NN 34457 4357 35 . . . 34457 4358 1 By by IN 34457 4358 2 noting note VBG 34457 4358 3 the the DT 34457 4358 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 4358 5 , , , 34457 4358 6 therefore therefore RB 34457 4358 7 , , , 34457 4358 8 at at IN 34457 4358 9 which which WDT 34457 4358 10 the the DT 34457 4358 11 current current JJ 34457 4358 12 ceases cease VBZ 34457 4358 13 , , , 34457 4358 14 or or CC 34457 4358 15 the the DT 34457 4358 16 E.M.F. E.M.F. NNP 34457 4359 1 becomes become VBZ 34457 4359 2 zero zero CD 34457 4359 3 , , , 34457 4359 4 the the DT 34457 4359 5 transition transition NN 34457 4359 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 4359 7 can can MD 34457 4359 8 be be VB 34457 4359 9 ascertained ascertain VBN 34457 4359 10 . . . 34457 4360 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4360 2 406 406 CD 34457 4360 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4360 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4360 5 Illustration illustration NN 34457 4360 6 : : : 34457 4360 7 FIG FIG NNP 34457 4360 8 . . . 34457 4361 1 134 134 CD 34457 4361 2 . . . 34457 4361 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4362 1 In in IN 34457 4362 2 the the DT 34457 4362 3 case case NN 34457 4362 4 just just RB 34457 4362 5 described describe VBN 34457 4362 6 , , , 34457 4362 7 the the DT 34457 4362 8 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4362 9 consisted consist VBD 34457 4362 10 of of IN 34457 4362 11 the the DT 34457 4362 12 same same JJ 34457 4362 13 metal metal NN 34457 4362 14 as as IN 34457 4362 15 was be VBD 34457 4362 16 contained contain VBN 34457 4362 17 in in IN 34457 4362 18 the the DT 34457 4362 19 salt salt NN 34457 4362 20 . . . 34457 4363 1 But but CC 34457 4363 2 in in IN 34457 4363 3 some some DT 34457 4363 4 cases case NNS 34457 4363 5 , , , 34457 4363 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4363 7 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 4363 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4363 9 sodium sodium NN 34457 4363 10 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4363 11 , , , 34457 4363 12 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4363 13 of of IN 34457 4363 14 the the DT 34457 4363 15 metal metal NN 34457 4363 16 contained contain VBN 34457 4363 17 in in IN 34457 4363 18 the the DT 34457 4363 19 salt salt NN 34457 4363 20 can can MD 34457 4363 21 not not RB 34457 4363 22 be be VB 34457 4363 23 employed employ VBN 34457 4363 24 . . . 34457 4364 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 34457 4364 2 , , , 34457 4364 3 the the DT 34457 4364 4 above above IN 34457 4364 5 electrical electrical JJ 34457 4364 6 method method NN 34457 4364 7 can can MD 34457 4364 8 be be VB 34457 4364 9 used use VBN 34457 4364 10 { { -LRB- 34457 4364 11 339 339 CD 34457 4364 12 } } -RRB- 34457 4364 13 even even RB 34457 4364 14 in in IN 34457 4364 15 those those DT 34457 4364 16 cases case NNS 34457 4364 17 , , , 34457 4364 18 if if IN 34457 4364 19 a a DT 34457 4364 20 suitable suitable JJ 34457 4364 21 non non JJ 34457 4364 22 - - JJ 34457 4364 23 polarizable polarizable JJ 34457 4364 24 mercury mercury NN 34457 4364 25 electrode electrode NNP 34457 4364 26 is be VBZ 34457 4364 27 employed employ VBN 34457 4364 28 . . . 34457 4365 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4365 2 407 407 CD 34457 4365 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4365 4 Although although IN 34457 4365 5 , , , 34457 4365 6 as as IN 34457 4365 7 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4365 8 saw see VBD 34457 4365 9 , , , 34457 4365 10 no no DT 34457 4365 11 current current NN 34457 4365 12 was be VBD 34457 4365 13 produced produce VBN 34457 4365 14 when when WRB 34457 4365 15 two two CD 34457 4365 16 pieces piece NNS 34457 4365 17 of of IN 34457 4365 18 zinc zinc NN 34457 4365 19 were be VBD 34457 4365 20 immersed immerse VBN 34457 4365 21 in in IN 34457 4365 22 the the DT 34457 4365 23 same same JJ 34457 4365 24 solution solution NN 34457 4365 25 of of IN 34457 4365 26 zinc zinc NN 34457 4365 27 salt salt NN 34457 4365 28 , , , 34457 4365 29 a a DT 34457 4365 30 current current NN 34457 4365 31 will will MD 34457 4365 32 be be VB 34457 4365 33 obtained obtain VBN 34457 4365 34 if if IN 34457 4365 35 two two CD 34457 4365 36 different different JJ 34457 4365 37 metals metal NNS 34457 4365 38 , , , 34457 4365 39 or or CC 34457 4365 40 even even RB 34457 4365 41 two two CD 34457 4365 42 different different JJ 34457 4365 43 modifications modification NNS 34457 4365 44 of of IN 34457 4365 45 the the DT 34457 4365 46 same same JJ 34457 4365 47 metal metal NN 34457 4365 48 , , , 34457 4365 49 are be VBP 34457 4365 50 employed employ VBN 34457 4365 51 . . . 34457 4366 1 Thus thus RB 34457 4366 2 an an DT 34457 4366 3 E.M.F. e.m.f. NN 34457 4367 1 will will MD 34457 4367 2 be be VB 34457 4367 3 established establish VBN 34457 4367 4 when when WRB 34457 4367 5 electrodes electrode NNS 34457 4367 6 of of IN 34457 4367 7 grey grey NNP 34457 4367 8 and and CC 34457 4367 9 of of IN 34457 4367 10 white white JJ 34457 4367 11 tin tin NNP 34457 4367 12 are be VBP 34457 4367 13 immersed immerse VBN 34457 4367 14 in in IN 34457 4367 15 the the DT 34457 4367 16 same same JJ 34457 4367 17 solution solution NN 34457 4367 18 of of IN 34457 4367 19 zinc zinc NN 34457 4367 20 salt salt NN 34457 4367 21 , , , 34457 4367 22 but but CC 34457 4367 23 at at IN 34457 4367 24 the the DT 34457 4367 25 transition transition NN 34457 4367 26 point point NN 34457 4367 27 this this DT 34457 4367 28 E.M.F. E.M.F. NNP 34457 4368 1 will will MD 34457 4368 2 become become VB 34457 4368 3 zero zero CD 34457 4368 4 . . . 34457 4369 1 By by IN 34457 4369 2 this this DT 34457 4369 3 method method NN 34457 4369 4 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 4369 5 determined determine VBD 34457 4369 6 the the DT 34457 4369 7 transition transition NN 34457 4369 8 point point NN 34457 4369 9 of of IN 34457 4369 10 grey grey NNP 34457 4369 11 and and CC 34457 4369 12 white white JJ 34457 4369 13 tin tin NNP 34457 4369 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4369 15 p. p. NN 34457 4369 16 42 42 CD 34457 4369 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4369 18 . . . 34457 4370 1 * * NFP 34457 4370 2 * * NFP 34457 4370 3 * * NFP 34457 4370 4 * * NFP 34457 4370 5 * * NFP 34457 4370 6 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 7 340 340 CD 34457 4370 8 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 9 NAME NAME NNP 34457 4370 10 INDEX INDEX NNP 34457 4370 11 A A NNP 34457 4370 12 Abegg Abegg NNP 34457 4370 13 , , , 34457 4370 14 52 52 CD 34457 4370 15 Adriani Adriani NNP 34457 4370 16 , , , 34457 4370 17 186 186 CD 34457 4370 18 , , , 34457 4370 19 217 217 CD 34457 4370 20 , , , 34457 4370 21 220 220 CD 34457 4370 22 Alexejeff Alexejeff NNP 34457 4370 23 , , , 34457 4370 24 97 97 CD 34457 4370 25 , , , 34457 4370 26 125 125 CD 34457 4370 27 Allan Allan NNP 34457 4370 28 , , , 34457 4370 29 298 298 CD 34457 4370 30 Allen Allen NNP 34457 4370 31 , , , 34457 4370 32 L. L. NNP 34457 4370 33 E. E. NNP 34457 4370 34 , , , 34457 4370 35 109 109 CD 34457 4370 36 Allen Allen NNP 34457 4370 37 , , , 34457 4370 38 R. R. NNP 34457 4370 39 W. W. NNP 34457 4370 40 , , , 34457 4370 41 63 63 CD 34457 4370 42 Ampolla Ampolla NNP 34457 4370 43 , , , 34457 4370 44 213 213 CD 34457 4370 45 Andreä andre㤠JJ 34457 4370 46 , , , 34457 4370 47 109 109 CD 34457 4370 48 Aristotle Aristotle NNP 34457 4370 49 , , , 34457 4370 50 41 41 CD 34457 4370 51 Armstrong Armstrong NNP 34457 4370 52 , , , 34457 4370 53 E. E. NNP 34457 4370 54 F. F. NNP 34457 4370 55 , , , 34457 4370 56 313 313 CD 34457 4370 57 Armstrong Armstrong NNP 34457 4370 58 , , , 34457 4370 59 H. H. NNP 34457 4370 60 E. E. NNP 34457 4370 61 , , , 34457 4370 62 196 196 CD 34457 4370 63 Arzruni Arzruni NNP 34457 4370 64 , , , 34457 4370 65 33 33 CD 34457 4370 66 Aten Aten NNP 34457 4370 67 , , , 34457 4370 68 147 147 CD 34457 4370 69 , , , 34457 4370 70 163 163 CD 34457 4370 71 Auerbach Auerbach NNP 34457 4370 72 , , , 34457 4370 73 326 326 CD 34457 4370 74 B B NNP 34457 4370 75 Babo Babo NNP 34457 4370 76 , , , 34457 4370 77 126 126 CD 34457 4370 78 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 4370 79 , , , 34457 4370 80 102 102 CD 34457 4370 81 , , , 34457 4370 82 104 104 CD 34457 4370 83 , , , 34457 4370 84 161 161 CD 34457 4370 85 , , , 34457 4370 86 176 176 CD 34457 4370 87 , , , 34457 4370 88 196 196 CD 34457 4370 89 , , , 34457 4370 90 202 202 CD 34457 4370 91 , , , 34457 4370 92 229 229 CD 34457 4370 93 , , , 34457 4370 94 246 246 CD 34457 4370 95 , , , 34457 4370 96 260 260 CD 34457 4370 97 , , , 34457 4370 98 261 261 CD 34457 4370 99 , , , 34457 4370 100 272 272 CD 34457 4370 101 , , , 34457 4370 102 281 281 CD 34457 4370 103 , , , 34457 4370 104 302 302 CD 34457 4370 105 Barnes barne NNS 34457 4370 106 , , , 34457 4370 107 331 331 CD 34457 4370 108 , , , 34457 4370 109 339 339 CD 34457 4370 110 Barschall Barschall NNP 34457 4370 111 , , , 34457 4370 112 318 318 CD 34457 4370 113 Barus Barus NNP 34457 4370 114 , , , 34457 4370 115 67 67 CD 34457 4370 116 Battelli Battelli NNP 34457 4370 117 , , , 34457 4370 118 23 23 CD 34457 4370 119 Baur baur JJ 34457 4370 120 , , , 34457 4370 121 233 233 CD 34457 4370 122 , , , 34457 4370 123 307 307 CD 34457 4370 124 Beckmann Beckmann NNP 34457 4370 125 , , , 34457 4370 126 49 49 CD 34457 4370 127 Bell Bell NNP 34457 4370 128 , , , 34457 4370 129 229 229 CD 34457 4370 130 Berthollet Berthollet NNP 34457 4370 131 , , , 34457 4370 132 7 7 CD 34457 4370 133 Bodländer bodlã¤nder CD 34457 4370 134 , , , 34457 4370 135 181 181 CD 34457 4370 136 , , , 34457 4370 137 247 247 CD 34457 4370 138 , , , 34457 4370 139 311 311 CD 34457 4370 140 , , , 34457 4370 141 321 321 CD 34457 4370 142 Bogojawlenski Bogojawlenski NNP 34457 4370 143 , , , 34457 4370 144 72 72 CD 34457 4370 145 Boudouard Boudouard NNP 34457 4370 146 , , , 34457 4370 147 309 309 CD 34457 4370 148 , , , 34457 4370 149 311 311 CD 34457 4370 150 Braun Braun NNS 34457 4370 151 , , , 34457 4370 152 107 107 CD 34457 4370 153 Brauns braun NNS 34457 4370 154 , , , 34457 4370 155 40 40 CD 34457 4370 156 , , , 34457 4370 157 51 51 CD 34457 4370 158 , , , 34457 4370 159 74 74 CD 34457 4370 160 Bredig Bredig NNP 34457 4370 161 , , , 34457 4370 162 52 52 CD 34457 4370 163 Bremer Bremer NNP 34457 4370 164 , , , 34457 4370 165 91 91 CD 34457 4370 166 Brodie Brodie NNP 34457 4370 167 , , , 34457 4370 168 34 34 CD 34457 4370 169 , , , 34457 4370 170 47 47 CD 34457 4370 171 Bruner Bruner NNP 34457 4370 172 , , , 34457 4370 173 126 126 CD 34457 4370 174 Bruni Bruni NNP 34457 4370 175 , , , 34457 4370 176 181 181 CD 34457 4370 177 , , , 34457 4370 178 182 182 CD 34457 4370 179 , , , 34457 4370 180 256 256 CD 34457 4370 181 , , , 34457 4370 182 257 257 CD 34457 4370 183 Bunsen Bunsen NNP 34457 4370 184 , , , 34457 4370 185 67 67 CD 34457 4370 186 C C NNP 34457 4370 187 Cady Cady NNP 34457 4370 188 , , , 34457 4370 189 192 192 CD 34457 4370 190 Calvert Calvert NNP 34457 4370 191 , , , 34457 4370 192 130 130 CD 34457 4370 193 Cameron Cameron NNP 34457 4370 194 , , , 34457 4370 195 203 203 CD 34457 4370 196 Carnelley Carnelley NNP 34457 4370 197 , , , 34457 4370 198 47 47 CD 34457 4370 199 Carpenter carpenter NN 34457 4370 200 , , , 34457 4370 201 225 225 CD 34457 4370 202 Carveth Carveth NNP 34457 4370 203 , , , 34457 4370 204 204 204 CD 34457 4370 205 , , , 34457 4370 206 255 255 CD 34457 4370 207 Centnerszwer Centnerszwer NNP 34457 4370 208 , , , 34457 4370 209 158 158 CD 34457 4370 210 Chapman Chapman NNP 34457 4370 211 , , , 34457 4370 212 47 47 CD 34457 4370 213 Chappuis Chappuis NNP 34457 4370 214 , , , 34457 4370 215 51 51 CD 34457 4370 216 , , , 34457 4370 217 176 176 CD 34457 4370 218 Charpy Charpy NNP 34457 4370 219 , , , 34457 4370 220 255 255 CD 34457 4370 221 Churchill Churchill NNP 34457 4370 222 , , , 34457 4370 223 140 140 CD 34457 4370 224 Coehn Coehn NNP 34457 4370 225 , , , 34457 4370 226 52 52 CD 34457 4370 227 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 4370 228 , , , 34457 4370 229 41 41 CD 34457 4370 230 , , , 34457 4370 231 72 72 CD 34457 4370 232 , , , 34457 4370 233 136 136 CD 34457 4370 234 , , , 34457 4370 235 139 139 CD 34457 4370 236 , , , 34457 4370 237 140 140 CD 34457 4370 238 Cooke Cooke NNP 34457 4370 239 , , , 34457 4370 240 331 331 CD 34457 4370 241 , , , 34457 4370 242 339 339 CD 34457 4370 243 Cox Cox NNP 34457 4370 244 , , , 34457 4370 245 301 301 CD 34457 4370 246 D d NN 34457 4370 247 Dawson Dawson NNP 34457 4370 248 , , , 34457 4370 249 263 263 CD 34457 4370 250 Debray Debray NNP 34457 4370 251 , , , 34457 4370 252 74 74 CD 34457 4370 253 , , , 34457 4370 254 81 81 CD 34457 4370 255 , , , 34457 4370 256 139 139 CD 34457 4370 257 Deville Deville NNP 34457 4370 258 , , , 34457 4370 259 49 49 CD 34457 4370 260 , , , 34457 4370 261 74 74 CD 34457 4370 262 Dewar Dewar NNP 34457 4370 263 , , , 34457 4370 264 26 26 CD 34457 4370 265 , , , 34457 4370 266 51 51 CD 34457 4370 267 , , , 34457 4370 268 178 178 CD 34457 4370 269 Dietz Dietz NNP 34457 4370 270 , , , 34457 4370 271 157 157 CD 34457 4370 272 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 273 341 341 CD 34457 4370 274 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 275 Doelter doelter NN 34457 4370 276 , , , 34457 4370 277 233 233 CD 34457 4370 278 Donnan Donnan NNP 34457 4370 279 , , , 34457 4370 280 8 8 CD 34457 4370 281 , , , 34457 4370 282 18 18 CD 34457 4370 283 Dreyer Dreyer NNP 34457 4370 284 , , , 34457 4370 285 73 73 CD 34457 4370 286 Duhem Duhem NNP 34457 4370 287 , , , 34457 4370 288 56 56 CD 34457 4370 289 , , , 34457 4370 290 151 151 CD 34457 4370 291 Dutoit Dutoit NNP 34457 4370 292 , , , 34457 4370 293 204 204 CD 34457 4370 294 E e NN 34457 4370 295 Etard Etard NNP 34457 4370 296 , , , 34457 4370 297 115 115 CD 34457 4370 298 , , , 34457 4370 299 135 135 CD 34457 4370 300 F F NNP 34457 4370 301 Fahrenheit Fahrenheit NNP 34457 4370 302 , , , 34457 4370 303 30 30 CD 34457 4370 304 Faraday Faraday NNP 34457 4370 305 , , , 34457 4370 306 82 82 CD 34457 4370 307 , , , 34457 4370 308 89 89 CD 34457 4370 309 Fath Fath NNP 34457 4370 310 , , , 34457 4370 311 204 204 CD 34457 4370 312 Fedotieff Fedotieff NNP 34457 4370 313 , , , 34457 4370 314 315 315 CD 34457 4370 315 , , , 34457 4370 316 320 320 CD 34457 4370 317 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 4370 318 , , , 34457 4370 319 111 111 CD 34457 4370 320 , , , 34457 4370 321 204 204 CD 34457 4370 322 , , , 34457 4370 323 206 206 CD 34457 4370 324 , , , 34457 4370 325 219 219 CD 34457 4370 326 Foote Foote NNP 34457 4370 327 , , , 34457 4370 328 69 69 CD 34457 4370 329 Friedländer friedlã¤nder XX 34457 4370 330 , , , 34457 4370 331 72 72 CD 34457 4370 332 Fritsche Fritsche NNP 34457 4370 333 , , , 34457 4370 334 41 41 CD 34457 4370 335 Frowein Frowein NNP 34457 4370 336 , , , 34457 4370 337 91 91 CD 34457 4370 338 Füchtbauer fã¼chtbauer NN 34457 4370 339 , , , 34457 4370 340 75 75 CD 34457 4370 341 Fyffe Fyffe NNP 34457 4370 342 , , , 34457 4370 343 143 143 CD 34457 4370 344 G g NN 34457 4370 345 Gattermann Gattermann NNP 34457 4370 346 , , , 34457 4370 347 51 51 CD 34457 4370 348 , , , 34457 4370 349 52 52 CD 34457 4370 350 Gautier Gautier NNP 34457 4370 351 , , , 34457 4370 352 222 222 CD 34457 4370 353 , , , 34457 4370 354 223 223 CD 34457 4370 355 Gay Gay NNP 34457 4370 356 - - HYPH 34457 4370 357 Lussac Lussac NNP 34457 4370 358 , , , 34457 4370 359 135 135 CD 34457 4370 360 Gernez Gernez NNP 34457 4370 361 , , , 34457 4370 362 72 72 CD 34457 4370 363 Gibbs gibb NNS 34457 4370 364 , , , 34457 4370 365 7 7 CD 34457 4370 366 , , , 34457 4370 367 8 8 CD 34457 4370 368 , , , 34457 4370 369 151 151 CD 34457 4370 370 , , , 34457 4370 371 236 236 CD 34457 4370 372 Glaessner Glaessner NNP 34457 4370 373 , , , 34457 4370 374 307 307 CD 34457 4370 375 Goldschmidt Goldschmidt NNP 34457 4370 376 , , , 34457 4370 377 E. E. NNP 34457 4370 378 , , , 34457 4370 379 41 41 CD 34457 4370 380 Goldschmidt Goldschmidt NNP 34457 4370 381 , , , 34457 4370 382 H. H. NNP 34457 4370 383 , , , 34457 4370 384 335 335 CD 34457 4370 385 Goldschmidt Goldschmidt NNP 34457 4370 386 , , , 34457 4370 387 V. V. NNP 34457 4370 388 , , , 34457 4370 389 32 32 CD 34457 4370 390 Goossens Goossens NNP 34457 4370 391 , , , 34457 4370 392 26 26 CD 34457 4370 393 Gossner Gossner NNP 34457 4370 394 , , , 34457 4370 395 318 318 CD 34457 4370 396 Graham Graham NNP 34457 4370 397 , , , 34457 4370 398 178 178 CD 34457 4370 399 Guertler Guertler NNP 34457 4370 400 , , , 34457 4370 401 73 73 CD 34457 4370 402 Guldberg Guldberg NNP 34457 4370 403 , , , 34457 4370 404 7 7 CD 34457 4370 405 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 4370 406 , , , 34457 4370 407 97 97 CD 34457 4370 408 , , , 34457 4370 409 104 104 CD 34457 4370 410 , , , 34457 4370 411 117 117 CD 34457 4370 412 , , , 34457 4370 413 118 118 CD 34457 4370 414 , , , 34457 4370 415 119 119 CD 34457 4370 416 , , , 34457 4370 417 233 233 CD 34457 4370 418 H H NNP 34457 4370 419 Haber Haber NNP 34457 4370 420 , , , 34457 4370 421 311 311 CD 34457 4370 422 Hahn Hahn NNP 34457 4370 423 , , , 34457 4370 424 309 309 CD 34457 4370 425 , , , 34457 4370 426 311 311 CD 34457 4370 427 Hallock Hallock NNP 34457 4370 428 , , , 34457 4370 429 35 35 CD 34457 4370 430 Hammerl hammerl NN 34457 4370 431 , , , 34457 4370 432 145 145 CD 34457 4370 433 Hautefeuille Hautefeuille NNP 34457 4370 434 , , , 34457 4370 435 46 46 CD 34457 4370 436 , , , 34457 4370 437 49 49 CD 34457 4370 438 , , , 34457 4370 439 50 50 CD 34457 4370 440 , , , 34457 4370 441 51 51 CD 34457 4370 442 , , , 34457 4370 443 178 178 CD 34457 4370 444 Heller Heller NNP 34457 4370 445 , , , 34457 4370 446 311 311 CD 34457 4370 447 Henry Henry NNP 34457 4370 448 , , , 34457 4370 449 94 94 CD 34457 4370 450 Herold Herold NNP 34457 4370 451 , , , 34457 4370 452 321 321 CD 34457 4370 453 Hertz Hertz NNP 34457 4370 454 , , , 34457 4370 455 49 49 CD 34457 4370 456 Heycock Heycock NNP 34457 4370 457 , , , 34457 4370 458 194 194 CD 34457 4370 459 , , , 34457 4370 460 221 221 CD 34457 4370 461 , , , 34457 4370 462 223 223 CD 34457 4370 463 Heyn heyn NN 34457 4370 464 , , , 34457 4370 465 225 225 CD 34457 4370 466 , , , 34457 4370 467 228 228 CD 34457 4370 468 Hickmans Hickmans NNPS 34457 4370 469 , , , 34457 4370 470 219 219 CD 34457 4370 471 Hiorns hiorn NNS 34457 4370 472 , , , 34457 4370 473 228 228 CD 34457 4370 474 Hissink Hissink NNP 34457 4370 475 , , , 34457 4370 476 115 115 CD 34457 4370 477 , , , 34457 4370 478 190 190 CD 34457 4370 479 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 4370 480 , , , 34457 4370 481 14 14 CD 34457 4370 482 , , , 34457 4370 483 90 90 CD 34457 4370 484 , , , 34457 4370 485 177 177 CD 34457 4370 486 , , , 34457 4370 487 178 178 CD 34457 4370 488 , , , 34457 4370 489 298 298 CD 34457 4370 490 Hollmann Hollmann NNP 34457 4370 491 , , , 34457 4370 492 204 204 CD 34457 4370 493 Holsboer Holsboer NNP 34457 4370 494 , , , 34457 4370 495 110 110 CD 34457 4370 496 Horstmann Horstmann NNP 34457 4370 497 , , , 34457 4370 498 8 8 CD 34457 4370 499 , , , 34457 4370 500 83 83 CD 34457 4370 501 , , , 34457 4370 502 89 89 CD 34457 4370 503 Hudson Hudson NNP 34457 4370 504 , , , 34457 4370 505 102 102 CD 34457 4370 506 Hulett Hulett NNP 34457 4370 507 , , , 34457 4370 508 10 10 CD 34457 4370 509 , , , 34457 4370 510 48 48 CD 34457 4370 511 , , , 34457 4370 512 52 52 CD 34457 4370 513 , , , 34457 4370 514 54 54 CD 34457 4370 515 , , , 34457 4370 516 67 67 CD 34457 4370 517 , , , 34457 4370 518 109 109 CD 34457 4370 519 I i NN 34457 4370 520 Isaac Isaac NNP 34457 4370 521 , , , 34457 4370 522 114 114 CD 34457 4370 523 Isambert Isambert NNP 34457 4370 524 , , , 34457 4370 525 80 80 CD 34457 4370 526 , , , 34457 4370 527 82 82 CD 34457 4370 528 , , , 34457 4370 529 84 84 CD 34457 4370 530 J J NNP 34457 4370 531 Jaffà Jaffà NNP 34457 4370 532 © © NNP 34457 4370 533 , , , 34457 4370 534 74 74 CD 34457 4370 535 , , , 34457 4370 536 114 114 CD 34457 4370 537 Joulin Joulin NNP 34457 4370 538 , , , 34457 4370 539 176 176 CD 34457 4370 540 Juhlin Juhlin NNP 34457 4370 541 , , , 34457 4370 542 23 23 CD 34457 4370 543 , , , 34457 4370 544 24 24 CD 34457 4370 545 , , , 34457 4370 546 30 30 CD 34457 4370 547 von von NNP 34457 4370 548 Jüptner Jüptner NNP 34457 4370 549 , , , 34457 4370 550 225 225 CD 34457 4370 551 K K NNP 34457 4370 552 Kastle Kastle NNP 34457 4370 553 , , , 34457 4370 554 71 71 CD 34457 4370 555 Kaufler Kaufler NNP 34457 4370 556 , , , 34457 4370 557 49 49 CD 34457 4370 558 Kaufmann Kaufmann NNP 34457 4370 559 , , , 34457 4370 560 112 112 CD 34457 4370 561 Kayser Kayser NNP 34457 4370 562 , , , 34457 4370 563 176 176 CD 34457 4370 564 Keeling Keeling NNP 34457 4370 565 , , , 34457 4370 566 225 225 CD 34457 4370 567 Kelvin Kelvin NNPS 34457 4370 568 , , , 34457 4370 569 25 25 CD 34457 4370 570 Kenrick Kenrick NNP 34457 4370 571 , , , 34457 4370 572 263 263 CD 34457 4370 573 , , , 34457 4370 574 297 297 CD 34457 4370 575 Kipping kipping NN 34457 4370 576 , , , 34457 4370 577 219 219 CD 34457 4370 578 Kirchhoff Kirchhoff NNP 34457 4370 579 , , , 34457 4370 580 32 32 CD 34457 4370 581 Knorr Knorr NNP 34457 4370 582 , , , 34457 4370 583 203 203 CD 34457 4370 584 de de IN 34457 4370 585 Kock Kock NNP 34457 4370 586 , , , 34457 4370 587 53 53 CD 34457 4370 588 , , , 34457 4370 589 182 182 CD 34457 4370 590 , , , 34457 4370 591 194 194 CD 34457 4370 592 Konowaloff Konowaloff NNP 34457 4370 593 , , , 34457 4370 594 102 102 CD 34457 4370 595 , , , 34457 4370 596 103 103 CD 34457 4370 597 , , , 34457 4370 598 104 104 CD 34457 4370 599 Krasnicki Krasnicki NNP 34457 4370 600 , , , 34457 4370 601 144 144 CD 34457 4370 602 Kremann Kremann NNP 34457 4370 603 , , , 34457 4370 604 147 147 CD 34457 4370 605 , , , 34457 4370 606 212 212 CD 34457 4370 607 Kuenen Kuenen NNP 34457 4370 608 , , , 34457 4370 609 105 105 CD 34457 4370 610 Kultascheff Kultascheff NNP 34457 4370 611 , , , 34457 4370 612 233 233 CD 34457 4370 613 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 614 342 342 CD 34457 4370 615 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 616 Kuriloff Kuriloff NNP 34457 4370 617 , , , 34457 4370 618 216 216 CD 34457 4370 619 Kurnakoff Kurnakoff NNP 34457 4370 620 , , , 34457 4370 621 221 221 CD 34457 4370 622 , , , 34457 4370 623 222 222 CD 34457 4370 624 , , , 34457 4370 625 230 230 CD 34457 4370 626 Küster kã¼ster NN 34457 4370 627 , , , 34457 4370 628 72 72 CD 34457 4370 629 , , , 34457 4370 630 181 181 CD 34457 4370 631 , , , 34457 4370 632 183 183 CD 34457 4370 633 L L NNP 34457 4370 634 Laar Laar NNP 34457 4370 635 , , , 34457 4370 636 195 195 CD 34457 4370 637 Labenburg Labenburg NNP 34457 4370 638 , , , 34457 4370 639 216 216 CD 34457 4370 640 Lattey Lattey NNP 34457 4370 641 , , , 34457 4370 642 101 101 CD 34457 4370 643 Le Le NNP 34457 4370 644 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 4370 645 , , , 34457 4370 646 58 58 CD 34457 4370 647 , , , 34457 4370 648 81 81 CD 34457 4370 649 , , , 34457 4370 650 233 233 CD 34457 4370 651 Lehfeldt Lehfeldt NNP 34457 4370 652 , , , 34457 4370 653 338 338 CD 34457 4370 654 , , , 34457 4370 655 340 340 CD 34457 4370 656 Lehmann Lehmann NNP 34457 4370 657 , , , 34457 4370 658 33 33 CD 34457 4370 659 , , , 34457 4370 660 52 52 CD 34457 4370 661 , , , 34457 4370 662 53 53 CD 34457 4370 663 Lidbury Lidbury NNP 34457 4370 664 , , , 34457 4370 665 147 147 CD 34457 4370 666 Loewel Loewel NNP 34457 4370 667 , , , 34457 4370 668 134 134 CD 34457 4370 669 , , , 34457 4370 670 135 135 CD 34457 4370 671 Loewenherz Loewenherz NNP 34457 4370 672 , , , 34457 4370 673 134 134 CD 34457 4370 674 , , , 34457 4370 675 316 316 CD 34457 4370 676 Lowry Lowry NNP 34457 4370 677 , , , 34457 4370 678 196 196 CD 34457 4370 679 , , , 34457 4370 680 198 198 CD 34457 4370 681 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 34457 4370 682 , , , 34457 4370 683 327 327 CD 34457 4370 684 Lumsden Lumsden NNP 34457 4370 685 , , , 34457 4370 686 80 80 CD 34457 4370 687 , , , 34457 4370 688 109 109 CD 34457 4370 689 , , , 34457 4370 690 110 110 CD 34457 4370 691 Lussana Lussana NNP 34457 4370 692 , , , 34457 4370 693 68 68 CD 34457 4370 694 Luther Luther NNP 34457 4370 695 , , , 34457 4370 696 22 22 CD 34457 4370 697 M M NNP 34457 4370 698 Mack Mack NNP 34457 4370 699 , , , 34457 4370 700 67 67 CD 34457 4370 701 Magnus magnus NN 34457 4370 702 , , , 34457 4370 703 22 22 CD 34457 4370 704 Mathews Mathews NNP 34457 4370 705 , , , 34457 4370 706 221 221 CD 34457 4370 707 Mellor Mellor NNP 34457 4370 708 , , , 34457 4370 709 80 80 CD 34457 4370 710 Meusser Meusser NNP 34457 4370 711 , , , 34457 4370 712 142 142 CD 34457 4370 713 Meyer Meyer NNP 34457 4370 714 , , , 34457 4370 715 J. J. NNP 34457 4370 716 , , , 34457 4370 717 71 71 CD 34457 4370 718 Meyer Meyer NNP 34457 4370 719 , , , 34457 4370 720 V. V. NNP 34457 4370 721 , , , 34457 4370 722 47 47 CD 34457 4370 723 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 4370 724 , , , 34457 4370 725 158 158 CD 34457 4370 726 , , , 34457 4370 727 233 233 CD 34457 4370 728 , , , 34457 4370 729 259 259 CD 34457 4370 730 , , , 34457 4370 731 268 268 CD 34457 4370 732 , , , 34457 4370 733 271 271 CD 34457 4370 734 , , , 34457 4370 735 278 278 CD 34457 4370 736 , , , 34457 4370 737 279 279 CD 34457 4370 738 , , , 34457 4370 739 280 280 CD 34457 4370 740 , , , 34457 4370 741 284 284 CD 34457 4370 742 , , , 34457 4370 743 313 313 CD 34457 4370 744 , , , 34457 4370 745 315 315 CD 34457 4370 746 , , , 34457 4370 747 317 317 CD 34457 4370 748 , , , 34457 4370 749 319 319 CD 34457 4370 750 , , , 34457 4370 751 327 327 CD 34457 4370 752 , , , 34457 4370 753 328 328 CD 34457 4370 754 , , , 34457 4370 755 336 336 CD 34457 4370 756 , , , 34457 4370 757 337 337 CD 34457 4370 758 Middelberg Middelberg NNP 34457 4370 759 , , , 34457 4370 760 116 116 CD 34457 4370 761 Miers Miers NNPS 34457 4370 762 , , , 34457 4370 763 114 114 CD 34457 4370 764 Miller Miller NNP 34457 4370 765 , , , 34457 4370 766 297 297 CD 34457 4370 767 Mitscherlich Mitscherlich NNP 34457 4370 768 , , , 34457 4370 769 33 33 CD 34457 4370 770 , , , 34457 4370 771 49 49 CD 34457 4370 772 Mond Mond NNP 34457 4370 773 , , , 34457 4370 774 178 178 CD 34457 4370 775 Moore Moore NNP 34457 4370 776 , , , 34457 4370 777 72 72 CD 34457 4370 778 Moss Moss NNP 34457 4370 779 , , , 34457 4370 780 66 66 CD 34457 4370 781 Müller mã¼ller NN 34457 4370 782 , , , 34457 4370 783 112 112 CD 34457 4370 784 , , , 34457 4370 785 265 265 CD 34457 4370 786 Mylius Mylius NNP 34457 4370 787 , , , 34457 4370 788 109 109 CD 34457 4370 789 , , , 34457 4370 790 142 142 CD 34457 4370 791 , , , 34457 4370 792 157 157 CD 34457 4370 793 N N NNP 34457 4370 794 Naumann Naumann NNP 34457 4370 795 , , , 34457 4370 796 49 49 CD 34457 4370 797 Neville Neville NNP 34457 4370 798 , , , 34457 4370 799 194 194 CD 34457 4370 800 , , , 34457 4370 801 221 221 CD 34457 4370 802 , , , 34457 4370 803 223 223 CD 34457 4370 804 O o NN 34457 4370 805 Offer offer NN 34457 4370 806 , , , 34457 4370 807 119 119 CD 34457 4370 808 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4370 809 , , , 34457 4370 810 8 8 CD 34457 4370 811 , , , 34457 4370 812 10 10 CD 34457 4370 813 , , , 34457 4370 814 13 13 CD 34457 4370 815 , , , 34457 4370 816 16 16 CD 34457 4370 817 , , , 34457 4370 818 22 22 CD 34457 4370 819 , , , 34457 4370 820 44 44 CD 34457 4370 821 , , , 34457 4370 822 58 58 CD 34457 4370 823 , , , 34457 4370 824 68 68 CD 34457 4370 825 , , , 34457 4370 826 70 70 CD 34457 4370 827 , , , 34457 4370 828 74 74 CD 34457 4370 829 , , , 34457 4370 830 85 85 CD 34457 4370 831 , , , 34457 4370 832 88 88 CD 34457 4370 833 , , , 34457 4370 834 92 92 CD 34457 4370 835 , , , 34457 4370 836 102 102 CD 34457 4370 837 , , , 34457 4370 838 110 110 CD 34457 4370 839 , , , 34457 4370 840 117 117 CD 34457 4370 841 , , , 34457 4370 842 125 125 CD 34457 4370 843 , , , 34457 4370 844 127 127 CD 34457 4370 845 , , , 34457 4370 846 130 130 CD 34457 4370 847 , , , 34457 4370 848 141 141 CD 34457 4370 849 , , , 34457 4370 850 198 198 CD 34457 4370 851 P P NNP 34457 4370 852 Padoa Padoa NNP 34457 4370 853 , , , 34457 4370 854 73 73 CD 34457 4370 855 , , , 34457 4370 856 181 181 CD 34457 4370 857 Parsons Parsons NNPS 34457 4370 858 , , , 34457 4370 859 298 298 CD 34457 4370 860 Pasteur Pasteur NNP 34457 4370 861 , , , 34457 4370 862 266 266 CD 34457 4370 863 Paternò paternã² NN 34457 4370 864 , , , 34457 4370 865 213 213 CD 34457 4370 866 Payen Payen NNP 34457 4370 867 , , , 34457 4370 868 74 74 CD 34457 4370 869 Pedler Pedler NNP 34457 4370 870 , , , 34457 4370 871 47 47 CD 34457 4370 872 Pfaundler Pfaundler NNP 34457 4370 873 , , , 34457 4370 874 119 119 CD 34457 4370 875 Philip Philip NNP 34457 4370 876 , , , 34457 4370 877 213 213 CD 34457 4370 878 , , , 34457 4370 879 214 214 CD 34457 4370 880 von von NNP 34457 4370 881 Pickardt Pickardt NNP 34457 4370 882 , , , 34457 4370 883 73 73 CD 34457 4370 884 Planck Planck NNP 34457 4370 885 , , , 34457 4370 886 68 68 CD 34457 4370 887 Pope Pope NNP 34457 4370 888 , , , 34457 4370 889 219 219 CD 34457 4370 890 Poynting poynting NN 34457 4370 891 , , , 34457 4370 892 68 68 CD 34457 4370 893 Preuner Preuner NNP 34457 4370 894 , , , 34457 4370 895 311 311 CD 34457 4370 896 Puschin Puschin NNP 34457 4370 897 , , , 34457 4370 898 222 222 CD 34457 4370 899 Q q NN 34457 4370 900 Quincke Quincke NNP 34457 4370 901 , , , 34457 4370 902 52 52 CD 34457 4370 903 R r NN 34457 4370 904 Rabe Rabe NNP 34457 4370 905 , , , 34457 4370 906 113 113 CD 34457 4370 907 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4370 908 , , , 34457 4370 909 3 3 CD 34457 4370 910 , , , 34457 4370 911 22 22 CD 34457 4370 912 , , , 34457 4370 913 23 23 CD 34457 4370 914 , , , 34457 4370 915 24 24 CD 34457 4370 916 , , , 34457 4370 917 30 30 CD 34457 4370 918 , , , 34457 4370 919 32 32 CD 34457 4370 920 , , , 34457 4370 921 63 63 CD 34457 4370 922 , , , 34457 4370 923 64 64 CD 34457 4370 924 , , , 34457 4370 925 66 66 CD 34457 4370 926 , , , 34457 4370 927 79 79 CD 34457 4370 928 , , , 34457 4370 929 90 90 CD 34457 4370 930 , , , 34457 4370 931 165 165 CD 34457 4370 932 , , , 34457 4370 933 178 178 CD 34457 4370 934 Raoult Raoult NNP 34457 4370 935 , , , 34457 4370 936 180 180 CD 34457 4370 937 Reed Reed NNP 34457 4370 938 , , , 34457 4370 939 71 71 CD 34457 4370 940 Regnault Regnault NNP 34457 4370 941 , , , 34457 4370 942 22 22 CD 34457 4370 943 Reicher reicher CD 34457 4370 944 , , , 34457 4370 945 36 36 CD 34457 4370 946 , , , 34457 4370 947 37 37 CD 34457 4370 948 , , , 34457 4370 949 110 110 CD 34457 4370 950 , , , 34457 4370 951 260 260 CD 34457 4370 952 , , , 34457 4370 953 333 333 CD 34457 4370 954 Reinders reinder NNS 34457 4370 955 , , , 34457 4370 956 71 71 CD 34457 4370 957 , , , 34457 4370 958 185 185 CD 34457 4370 959 , , , 34457 4370 960 188 188 CD 34457 4370 961 Reinitzer Reinitzer NNP 34457 4370 962 , , , 34457 4370 963 51 51 CD 34457 4370 964 , , , 34457 4370 965 52 52 CD 34457 4370 966 Richards Richards NNP 34457 4370 967 , , , 34457 4370 968 136 136 CD 34457 4370 969 , , , 34457 4370 970 140 140 CD 34457 4370 971 Riddle Riddle NNP 34457 4370 972 , , , 34457 4370 973 47 47 CD 34457 4370 974 Riecke Riecke NNP 34457 4370 975 , , , 34457 4370 976 48 48 CD 34457 4370 977 , , , 34457 4370 978 55 55 CD 34457 4370 979 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 4370 980 - - HYPH 34457 4370 981 Austen Austen NNP 34457 4370 982 , , , 34457 4370 983 63 63 CD 34457 4370 984 , , , 34457 4370 985 194 194 CD 34457 4370 986 , , , 34457 4370 987 221 221 CD 34457 4370 988 , , , 34457 4370 989 223 223 CD 34457 4370 990 , , , 34457 4370 991 225 225 CD 34457 4370 992 Roloff Roloff NNS 34457 4370 993 , , , 34457 4370 994 117 117 CD 34457 4370 995 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4370 996 , , , 34457 4370 997 10 10 CD 34457 4370 998 , , , 34457 4370 999 38 38 CD 34457 4370 1000 , , , 34457 4370 1001 45 45 CD 34457 4370 1002 , , , 34457 4370 1003 47 47 CD 34457 4370 1004 , , , 34457 4370 1005 49 49 CD 34457 4370 1006 , , , 34457 4370 1007 50 50 CD 34457 4370 1008 , , , 34457 4370 1009 51 51 CD 34457 4370 1010 , , , 34457 4370 1011 54 54 CD 34457 4370 1012 , , , 34457 4370 1013 56 56 CD 34457 4370 1014 , , , 34457 4370 1015 57 57 CD 34457 4370 1016 , , , 34457 4370 1017 62 62 CD 34457 4370 1018 , , , 34457 4370 1019 63 63 CD 34457 4370 1020 , , , 34457 4370 1021 68 68 CD 34457 4370 1022 , , , 34457 4370 1023 88 88 CD 34457 4370 1024 , , , 34457 4370 1025 103 103 CD 34457 4370 1026 , , , 34457 4370 1027 126 126 CD 34457 4370 1028 , , , 34457 4370 1029 145 145 CD 34457 4370 1030 , , , 34457 4370 1031 147 147 CD 34457 4370 1032 , , , 34457 4370 1033 150 150 CD 34457 4370 1034 , , , 34457 4370 1035 151 151 CD 34457 4370 1036 , , , 34457 4370 1037 157 157 CD 34457 4370 1038 , , , 34457 4370 1039 162 162 CD 34457 4370 1040 , , , 34457 4370 1041 170 170 CD 34457 4370 1042 , , , 34457 4370 1043 174 174 CD 34457 4370 1044 , , , 34457 4370 1045 178 178 CD 34457 4370 1046 , , , 34457 4370 1047 182 182 CD 34457 4370 1048 , , , 34457 4370 1049 196 196 CD 34457 4370 1050 , , , 34457 4370 1051 201 201 CD 34457 4370 1052 , , , 34457 4370 1053 211 211 CD 34457 4370 1054 , , , 34457 4370 1055 217 217 CD 34457 4370 1056 , , , 34457 4370 1057 220 220 CD 34457 4370 1058 , , , 34457 4370 1059 225 225 CD 34457 4370 1060 , , , 34457 4370 1061 236 236 CD 34457 4370 1062 , , , 34457 4370 1063 238 238 CD 34457 4370 1064 , , , 34457 4370 1065 262 262 CD 34457 4370 1066 , , , 34457 4370 1067 264 264 CD 34457 4370 1068 , , , 34457 4370 1069 269 269 CD 34457 4370 1070 , , , 34457 4370 1071 272 272 CD 34457 4370 1072 , , , 34457 4370 1073 273 273 CD 34457 4370 1074 , , , 34457 4370 1075 281 281 CD 34457 4370 1076 , , , 34457 4370 1077 282 282 CD 34457 4370 1078 , , , 34457 4370 1079 290 290 CD 34457 4370 1080 , , , 34457 4370 1081 331 331 CD 34457 4370 1082 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 1083 343 343 CD 34457 4370 1084 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 1085 Rose Rose NNP 34457 4370 1086 , , , 34457 4370 1087 223 223 CD 34457 4370 1088 Rotarski Rotarski NNP 34457 4370 1089 , , , 34457 4370 1090 52 52 CD 34457 4370 1091 Rothmund Rothmund NNP 34457 4370 1092 , , , 34457 4370 1093 97 97 CD 34457 4370 1094 , , , 34457 4370 1095 98 98 CD 34457 4370 1096 , , , 34457 4370 1097 100 100 CD 34457 4370 1098 Rutten Rutten NNP 34457 4370 1099 , , , 34457 4370 1100 298 298 CD 34457 4370 1101 S S NNP 34457 4370 1102 Saposchnikoff Saposchnikoff NNP 34457 4370 1103 , , , 34457 4370 1104 212 212 CD 34457 4370 1105 Saunders Saunders NNPS 34457 4370 1106 , , , 34457 4370 1107 313 313 CD 34457 4370 1108 , , , 34457 4370 1109 317 317 CD 34457 4370 1110 , , , 34457 4370 1111 319 319 CD 34457 4370 1112 , , , 34457 4370 1113 336 336 CD 34457 4370 1114 , , , 34457 4370 1115 337 337 CD 34457 4370 1116 Saurel Saurel NNP 34457 4370 1117 , , , 34457 4370 1118 151 151 CD 34457 4370 1119 Schaum Schaum NNP 34457 4370 1120 , , , 34457 4370 1121 49 49 CD 34457 4370 1122 , , , 34457 4370 1123 75 75 CD 34457 4370 1124 Scheel Scheel NNP 34457 4370 1125 , , , 34457 4370 1126 22 22 CD 34457 4370 1127 , , , 34457 4370 1128 23 23 CD 34457 4370 1129 , , , 34457 4370 1130 30 30 CD 34457 4370 1131 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 4370 1132 , , , 34457 4370 1133 49 49 CD 34457 4370 1134 , , , 34457 4370 1135 52 52 CD 34457 4370 1136 , , , 34457 4370 1137 54 54 CD 34457 4370 1138 , , , 34457 4370 1139 311 311 CD 34457 4370 1140 Schneider Schneider NNP 34457 4370 1141 , , , 34457 4370 1142 52 52 CD 34457 4370 1143 Schönbeck schã¶nbeck NN 34457 4370 1144 , , , 34457 4370 1145 75 75 CD 34457 4370 1146 Schreinemakers schreinemaker NNS 34457 4370 1147 , , , 34457 4370 1148 122 122 CD 34457 4370 1149 , , , 34457 4370 1150 126 126 CD 34457 4370 1151 , , , 34457 4370 1152 246 246 CD 34457 4370 1153 , , , 34457 4370 1154 248 248 CD 34457 4370 1155 , , , 34457 4370 1156 250 250 CD 34457 4370 1157 , , , 34457 4370 1158 252 252 CD 34457 4370 1159 , , , 34457 4370 1160 290 290 CD 34457 4370 1161 , , , 34457 4370 1162 302 302 CD 34457 4370 1163 Schrötter schrã¶tter NN 34457 4370 1164 , , , 34457 4370 1165 46 46 CD 34457 4370 1166 Schukowsky Schukowsky NNP 34457 4370 1167 , , , 34457 4370 1168 52 52 CD 34457 4370 1169 Schwarz Schwarz NNP 34457 4370 1170 , , , 34457 4370 1171 331 331 CD 34457 4370 1172 Seitz Seitz NNP 34457 4370 1173 , , , 34457 4370 1174 52 52 CD 34457 4370 1175 Shenstone shenstone NN 34457 4370 1176 , , , 34457 4370 1177 109 109 CD 34457 4370 1178 , , , 34457 4370 1179 115 115 CD 34457 4370 1180 , , , 34457 4370 1181 135 135 CD 34457 4370 1182 Shepherd Shepherd NNP 34457 4370 1183 , , , 34457 4370 1184 221 221 CD 34457 4370 1185 , , , 34457 4370 1186 255 255 CD 34457 4370 1187 Shields Shields NNP 34457 4370 1188 , , , 34457 4370 1189 178 178 CD 34457 4370 1190 Skirrow Skirrow NNP 34457 4370 1191 , , , 34457 4370 1192 130 130 CD 34457 4370 1193 Spring Spring NNP 34457 4370 1194 , , , 34457 4370 1195 63 63 CD 34457 4370 1196 von von NNP 34457 4370 1197 Stackelberg Stackelberg NNP 34457 4370 1198 , , , 34457 4370 1199 107 107 CD 34457 4370 1200 , , , 34457 4370 1201 110 110 CD 34457 4370 1202 Staedel staedel NN 34457 4370 1203 , , , 34457 4370 1204 267 267 CD 34457 4370 1205 Stansfield Stansfield NNP 34457 4370 1206 , , , 34457 4370 1207 194 194 CD 34457 4370 1208 , , , 34457 4370 1209 221 221 CD 34457 4370 1210 Stokes stoke NNS 34457 4370 1211 , , , 34457 4370 1212 236 236 CD 34457 4370 1213 Stortenbeker stortenbeker NN 34457 4370 1214 , , , 34457 4370 1215 44 44 CD 34457 4370 1216 , , , 34457 4370 1217 147 147 CD 34457 4370 1218 , , , 34457 4370 1219 161 161 CD 34457 4370 1220 , , , 34457 4370 1221 164 164 CD 34457 4370 1222 , , , 34457 4370 1223 281 281 CD 34457 4370 1224 T t NN 34457 4370 1225 Taber Taber NNP 34457 4370 1226 , , , 34457 4370 1227 229 229 CD 34457 4370 1228 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4370 1229 , , , 34457 4370 1230 26 26 CD 34457 4370 1231 , , , 34457 4370 1232 32 32 CD 34457 4370 1233 , , , 34457 4370 1234 33 33 CD 34457 4370 1235 , , , 34457 4370 1236 37 37 CD 34457 4370 1237 , , , 34457 4370 1238 38 38 CD 34457 4370 1239 , , , 34457 4370 1240 39 39 CD 34457 4370 1241 , , , 34457 4370 1242 48 48 CD 34457 4370 1243 , , , 34457 4370 1244 52 52 CD 34457 4370 1245 , , , 34457 4370 1246 65 65 CD 34457 4370 1247 , , , 34457 4370 1248 67 67 CD 34457 4370 1249 , , , 34457 4370 1250 68 68 CD 34457 4370 1251 , , , 34457 4370 1252 72 72 CD 34457 4370 1253 , , , 34457 4370 1254 73 73 CD 34457 4370 1255 , , , 34457 4370 1256 140 140 CD 34457 4370 1257 , , , 34457 4370 1258 151 151 CD 34457 4370 1259 , , , 34457 4370 1260 176 176 CD 34457 4370 1261 , , , 34457 4370 1262 221 221 CD 34457 4370 1263 , , , 34457 4370 1264 230 230 CD 34457 4370 1265 Thiesen Thiesen NNP 34457 4370 1266 , , , 34457 4370 1267 22 22 CD 34457 4370 1268 , , , 34457 4370 1269 23 23 CD 34457 4370 1270 , , , 34457 4370 1271 30 30 CD 34457 4370 1272 Thomson Thomson NNP 34457 4370 1273 , , , 34457 4370 1274 J. J. NNP 34457 4370 1275 , , , 34457 4370 1276 25 25 CD 34457 4370 1277 , , , 34457 4370 1278 28 28 CD 34457 4370 1279 , , , 34457 4370 1280 32 32 CD 34457 4370 1281 Thomson Thomson NNP 34457 4370 1282 , , , 34457 4370 1283 W. W. NNP 34457 4370 1284 , , , 34457 4370 1285 25 25 CD 34457 4370 1286 Tilden Tilden NNP 34457 4370 1287 , , , 34457 4370 1288 109 109 CD 34457 4370 1289 , , , 34457 4370 1290 115 115 CD 34457 4370 1291 , , , 34457 4370 1292 135 135 CD 34457 4370 1293 Trevor Trevor NNP 34457 4370 1294 , , , 34457 4370 1295 16 16 CD 34457 4370 1296 Troost troost NN 34457 4370 1297 , , , 34457 4370 1298 46 46 CD 34457 4370 1299 , , , 34457 4370 1300 49 49 CD 34457 4370 1301 , , , 34457 4370 1302 50 50 CD 34457 4370 1303 , , , 34457 4370 1304 51 51 CD 34457 4370 1305 Tumlirz tumlirz NN 34457 4370 1306 , , , 34457 4370 1307 72 72 CD 34457 4370 1308 V v NN 34457 4370 1309 Van Van NNP 34457 4370 1310 Bemmelen Bemmelen NNP 34457 4370 1311 , , , 34457 4370 1312 180 180 CD 34457 4370 1313 Van Van NNP 34457 4370 1314 Deventer Deventer NNP 34457 4370 1315 , , , 34457 4370 1316 110 110 CD 34457 4370 1317 , , , 34457 4370 1318 139 139 CD 34457 4370 1319 , , , 34457 4370 1320 266 266 CD 34457 4370 1321 , , , 34457 4370 1322 267 267 CD 34457 4370 1323 , , , 34457 4370 1324 333 333 CD 34457 4370 1325 Van Van NNP 34457 4370 1326 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 4370 1327 , , , 34457 4370 1328 41 41 CD 34457 4370 1329 , , , 34457 4370 1330 63 63 CD 34457 4370 1331 , , , 34457 4370 1332 192 192 CD 34457 4370 1333 , , , 34457 4370 1334 338 338 CD 34457 4370 1335 Van't Van't NNS 34457 4370 1336 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4370 1337 , , , 34457 4370 1338 36 36 CD 34457 4370 1339 , , , 34457 4370 1340 38 38 CD 34457 4370 1341 , , , 34457 4370 1342 58 58 CD 34457 4370 1343 , , , 34457 4370 1344 70 70 CD 34457 4370 1345 , , , 34457 4370 1346 90 90 CD 34457 4370 1347 , , , 34457 4370 1348 92 92 CD 34457 4370 1349 , , , 34457 4370 1350 108 108 CD 34457 4370 1351 , , , 34457 4370 1352 127 127 CD 34457 4370 1353 , , , 34457 4370 1354 139 139 CD 34457 4370 1355 , , , 34457 4370 1356 140 140 CD 34457 4370 1357 , , , 34457 4370 1358 165 165 CD 34457 4370 1359 , , , 34457 4370 1360 175 175 CD 34457 4370 1361 , , , 34457 4370 1362 225 225 CD 34457 4370 1363 , , , 34457 4370 1364 258 258 CD 34457 4370 1365 , , , 34457 4370 1366 260 260 CD 34457 4370 1367 , , , 34457 4370 1368 263 263 CD 34457 4370 1369 , , , 34457 4370 1370 265 265 CD 34457 4370 1371 , , , 34457 4370 1372 266 266 CD 34457 4370 1373 , , , 34457 4370 1374 267 267 CD 34457 4370 1375 , , , 34457 4370 1376 272 272 CD 34457 4370 1377 , , , 34457 4370 1378 284 284 CD 34457 4370 1379 , , , 34457 4370 1380 290 290 CD 34457 4370 1381 , , , 34457 4370 1382 313 313 CD 34457 4370 1383 , , , 34457 4370 1384 318 318 CD 34457 4370 1385 , , , 34457 4370 1386 333 333 CD 34457 4370 1387 , , , 34457 4370 1388 340 340 CD 34457 4370 1389 Van Van NNP 34457 4370 1390 Leeuwen Leeuwen NNP 34457 4370 1391 , , , 34457 4370 1392 259 259 CD 34457 4370 1393 Van Van NNP 34457 4370 1394 Wyk Wyk NNP 34457 4370 1395 , , , 34457 4370 1396 185 185 CD 34457 4370 1397 Vogt Vogt NNS 34457 4370 1398 , , , 34457 4370 1399 5 5 CD 34457 4370 1400 , , , 34457 4370 1401 233 233 CD 34457 4370 1402 W W NNP 34457 4370 1403 Waage Waage NNP 34457 4370 1404 , , , 34457 4370 1405 7 7 CD 34457 4370 1406 Wald Wald NNP 34457 4370 1407 , , , 34457 4370 1408 92 92 CD 34457 4370 1409 Walden Walden NNP 34457 4370 1410 , , , 34457 4370 1411 158 158 CD 34457 4370 1412 Walker Walker NNP 34457 4370 1413 , , , 34457 4370 1414 80 80 CD 34457 4370 1415 , , , 34457 4370 1416 105 105 CD 34457 4370 1417 , , , 34457 4370 1418 122 122 CD 34457 4370 1419 , , , 34457 4370 1420 126 126 CD 34457 4370 1421 , , , 34457 4370 1422 143 143 CD 34457 4370 1423 Wegscheider Wegscheider NNP 34457 4370 1424 , , , 34457 4370 1425 10 10 CD 34457 4370 1426 , , , 34457 4370 1427 49 49 CD 34457 4370 1428 , , , 34457 4370 1429 202 202 CD 34457 4370 1430 Wells well NNS 34457 4370 1431 , , , 34457 4370 1432 136 136 CD 34457 4370 1433 Wenzel Wenzel NNP 34457 4370 1434 , , , 34457 4370 1435 7 7 CD 34457 4370 1436 Wiebe Wiebe NNP 34457 4370 1437 , , , 34457 4370 1438 22 22 CD 34457 4370 1439 Witt Witt NNP 34457 4370 1440 , , , 34457 4370 1441 327 327 CD 34457 4370 1442 Wright Wright NNP 34457 4370 1443 , , , 34457 4370 1444 241 241 CD 34457 4370 1445 , , , 34457 4370 1446 246 246 CD 34457 4370 1447 , , , 34457 4370 1448 247 247 CD 34457 4370 1449 von von NNP 34457 4370 1450 Wrochem Wrochem NNP 34457 4370 1451 , , , 34457 4370 1452 109 109 CD 34457 4370 1453 , , , 34457 4370 1454 142 142 CD 34457 4370 1455 Y Y NNP 34457 4370 1456 Young Young NNP 34457 4370 1457 , , , 34457 4370 1458 3 3 CD 34457 4370 1459 , , , 34457 4370 1460 22 22 CD 34457 4370 1461 , , , 34457 4370 1462 23 23 CD 34457 4370 1463 , , , 34457 4370 1464 24 24 CD 34457 4370 1465 , , , 34457 4370 1466 30 30 CD 34457 4370 1467 , , , 34457 4370 1468 32 32 CD 34457 4370 1469 , , , 34457 4370 1470 63 63 CD 34457 4370 1471 , , , 34457 4370 1472 64 64 CD 34457 4370 1473 , , , 34457 4370 1474 66 66 CD 34457 4370 1475 , , , 34457 4370 1476 79 79 CD 34457 4370 1477 , , , 34457 4370 1478 105 105 CD 34457 4370 1479 , , , 34457 4370 1480 165 165 CD 34457 4370 1481 Z Z NNP 34457 4370 1482 Zacharias Zacharias NNP 34457 4370 1483 , , , 34457 4370 1484 180 180 CD 34457 4370 1485 Zawidski Zawidski NNP 34457 4370 1486 , , , 34457 4370 1487 63 63 CD 34457 4370 1488 Zenghelis Zenghelis NNP 34457 4370 1489 , , , 34457 4370 1490 35 35 CD 34457 4370 1491 Zimmermann Zimmermann NNP 34457 4370 1492 , , , 34457 4370 1493 311 311 CD 34457 4370 1494 Zincke Zincke NNP 34457 4370 1495 , , , 34457 4370 1496 44 44 CD 34457 4370 1497 Ziz Ziz NNS 34457 4370 1498 , , , 34457 4370 1499 141 141 CD 34457 4370 1500 * * NFP 34457 4370 1501 * * NFP 34457 4370 1502 * * NFP 34457 4370 1503 * * NFP 34457 4370 1504 * * NFP 34457 4370 1505 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 1506 344 344 CD 34457 4370 1507 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 1508 SUBJECT subject JJ 34457 4370 1509 INDEX INDEX NNP 34457 4370 1510 A a DT 34457 4370 1511 Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde NNP 34457 4370 1512 and and CC 34457 4370 1513 paraldehyde paraldehyde NNP 34457 4370 1514 , , , 34457 4370 1515 204 204 CD 34457 4370 1516 Acetic acetic JJ 34457 4370 1517 acid acid NN 34457 4370 1518 , , , 34457 4370 1519 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 4370 1520 , , , 34457 4370 1521 water water NN 34457 4370 1522 , , , 34457 4370 1523 241 241 CD 34457 4370 1524 Acetone Acetone NNP 34457 4370 1525 , , , 34457 4370 1526 phenol phenol NN 34457 4370 1527 , , , 34457 4370 1528 water water NN 34457 4370 1529 , , , 34457 4370 1530 248 248 CD 34457 4370 1531 Adsorption adsorption NN 34457 4370 1532 , , , 34457 4370 1533 176 176 CD 34457 4370 1534 Alcohol Alcohol NNP 34457 4370 1535 , , , 34457 4370 1536 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 4370 1537 , , , 34457 4370 1538 water water NN 34457 4370 1539 , , , 34457 4370 1540 246 246 CD 34457 4370 1541 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1542 , , , 34457 4370 1543 ether ether NN 34457 4370 1544 , , , 34457 4370 1545 water water NN 34457 4370 1546 , , , 34457 4370 1547 246 246 CD 34457 4370 1548 Alloys Alloys NNPS 34457 4370 1549 , , , 34457 4370 1550 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 1551 curves curve NNS 34457 4370 1552 of of IN 34457 4370 1553 , , , 34457 4370 1554 221 221 CD 34457 4370 1555 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1556 of of IN 34457 4370 1557 copper copper NN 34457 4370 1558 and and CC 34457 4370 1559 tin tin NN 34457 4370 1560 , , , 34457 4370 1561 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 4370 1562 of of IN 34457 4370 1563 , , , 34457 4370 1564 by by IN 34457 4370 1565 cooling cool VBG 34457 4370 1566 , , , 34457 4370 1567 194 194 CD 34457 4370 1568 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1569 of of IN 34457 4370 1570 iron iron NN 34457 4370 1571 and and CC 34457 4370 1572 carbon carbon NN 34457 4370 1573 , , , 34457 4370 1574 223 223 CD 34457 4370 1575 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1576 of of IN 34457 4370 1577 thallium thallium NN 34457 4370 1578 and and CC 34457 4370 1579 mercury mercury NN 34457 4370 1580 , , , 34457 4370 1581 222 222 CD 34457 4370 1582 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1583 , , , 34457 4370 1584 ternary ternary JJ 34457 4370 1585 , , , 34457 4370 1586 246 246 CD 34457 4370 1587 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 4370 1588 compounds compound NNS 34457 4370 1589 of of IN 34457 4370 1590 metal metal NN 34457 4370 1591 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 4370 1592 , , , 34457 4370 1593 82 82 CD 34457 4370 1594 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 4370 1595 silver silver NN 34457 4370 1596 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 4370 1597 , , , 34457 4370 1598 82 82 CD 34457 4370 1599 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 1600 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1601 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1602 , , , 34457 4370 1603 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 1604 pressures pressure NNS 34457 4370 1605 of of IN 34457 4370 1606 , , , 34457 4370 1607 84 84 CD 34457 4370 1608 Ammonia Ammonia NNP 34457 4370 1609 - - HYPH 34457 4370 1610 soda soda NN 34457 4370 1611 process process NN 34457 4370 1612 , , , 34457 4370 1613 320 320 CD 34457 4370 1614 Ammonium Ammonium NNP 34457 4370 1615 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 1616 , , , 34457 4370 1617 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 1618 of of IN 34457 4370 1619 , , , 34457 4370 1620 3 3 CD 34457 4370 1621 , , , 34457 4370 1622 79 79 CD 34457 4370 1623 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1624 cyanide cyanide NN 34457 4370 1625 , , , 34457 4370 1626 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 1627 of of IN 34457 4370 1628 , , , 34457 4370 1629 80 80 CD 34457 4370 1630 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1631 hydrosulphide hydrosulphide NN 34457 4370 1632 , , , 34457 4370 1633 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 1634 of of IN 34457 4370 1635 , , , 34457 4370 1636 80 80 CD 34457 4370 1637 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1638 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 1639 , , , 34457 4370 1640 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 1641 of of IN 34457 4370 1642 , , , 34457 4370 1643 113 113 CD 34457 4370 1644 Aniline aniline NN 34457 4370 1645 , , , 34457 4370 1646 phenol phenol NN 34457 4370 1647 , , , 34457 4370 1648 water water NN 34457 4370 1649 , , , 34457 4370 1650 250 250 CD 34457 4370 1651 Astracanite astracanite JJ 34457 4370 1652 , , , 34457 4370 1653 260 260 CD 34457 4370 1654 , , , 34457 4370 1655 261 261 CD 34457 4370 1656 , , , 34457 4370 1657 268 268 CD 34457 4370 1658 , , , 34457 4370 1659 274 274 CD 34457 4370 1660 B B NNP 34457 4370 1661 Babo Babo NNP 34457 4370 1662 , , , 34457 4370 1663 law law NN 34457 4370 1664 of of IN 34457 4370 1665 , , , 34457 4370 1666 126 126 CD 34457 4370 1667 Barium Barium NNP 34457 4370 1668 acetate acetate NN 34457 4370 1669 , , , 34457 4370 1670 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 1671 of of IN 34457 4370 1672 , , , 34457 4370 1673 143 143 CD 34457 4370 1674 Barium barium NN 34457 4370 1675 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 4370 1676 and and CC 34457 4370 1677 potassium potassium NN 34457 4370 1678 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4370 1679 , , , 34457 4370 1680 328 328 CD 34457 4370 1681 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1682 nitrite nitrite JJ 34457 4370 1683 , , , 34457 4370 1684 preparation preparation NN 34457 4370 1685 of of IN 34457 4370 1686 , , , 34457 4370 1687 327 327 CD 34457 4370 1688 Basic basic JJ 34457 4370 1689 salts salt NNS 34457 4370 1690 , , , 34457 4370 1691 296 296 CD 34457 4370 1692 Benzaldoximes benzaldoxime NNS 34457 4370 1693 , , , 34457 4370 1694 203 203 CD 34457 4370 1695 Benzene benzene JJ 34457 4370 1696 and and CC 34457 4370 1697 picric picric JJ 34457 4370 1698 acid acid NN 34457 4370 1699 , , , 34457 4370 1700 216 216 CD 34457 4370 1701 Bismuth Bismuth NNP 34457 4370 1702 , , , 34457 4370 1703 effect effect NN 34457 4370 1704 of of IN 34457 4370 1705 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 1706 on on IN 34457 4370 1707 the the DT 34457 4370 1708 melting melting NN 34457 4370 1709 point point NN 34457 4370 1710 of of IN 34457 4370 1711 , , , 34457 4370 1712 67 67 CD 34457 4370 1713 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1714 , , , 34457 4370 1715 lead lead NN 34457 4370 1716 , , , 34457 4370 1717 tin tin NN 34457 4370 1718 , , , 34457 4370 1719 255 255 CD 34457 4370 1720 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1721 nitrates nitrate NNS 34457 4370 1722 , , , 34457 4370 1723 basic basic JJ 34457 4370 1724 , , , 34457 4370 1725 298 298 CD 34457 4370 1726 Bivariant bivariant JJ 34457 4370 1727 systems system NNS 34457 4370 1728 , , , 34457 4370 1729 16 16 CD 34457 4370 1730 Bromocinnamic bromocinnamic JJ 34457 4370 1731 aldehyde aldehyde NN 34457 4370 1732 and and CC 34457 4370 1733 chlorocinnamic chlorocinnamic JJ 34457 4370 1734 aldehyde aldehyde NN 34457 4370 1735 , , , 34457 4370 1736 183 183 CD 34457 4370 1737 C C NNP 34457 4370 1738 Calcium Calcium NNP 34457 4370 1739 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 4370 1740 , , , 34457 4370 1741 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 1742 of of IN 34457 4370 1743 , , , 34457 4370 1744 3 3 CD 34457 4370 1745 , , , 34457 4370 1746 11 11 CD 34457 4370 1747 , , , 34457 4370 1748 81 81 CD 34457 4370 1749 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1750 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 1751 hexahydrate hexahydrate NN 34457 4370 1752 , , , 34457 4370 1753 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 1754 of of IN 34457 4370 1755 , , , 34457 4370 1756 146 146 CD 34457 4370 1757 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 1758 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1759 , , , 34457 4370 1760 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 1761 of of IN 34457 4370 1762 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4370 1763 of of IN 34457 4370 1764 , , , 34457 4370 1765 148 148 CD 34457 4370 1766 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1767 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1768 , , , 34457 4370 1769 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 1770 - - HYPH 34457 4370 1771 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 1772 of of IN 34457 4370 1773 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4370 1774 of of IN 34457 4370 1775 , , , 34457 4370 1776 88 88 CD 34457 4370 1777 Camphor Camphor NNP 34457 4370 1778 oximes oxime NNS 34457 4370 1779 , , , 34457 4370 1780 219 219 CD 34457 4370 1781 , , , 34457 4370 1782 257 257 CD 34457 4370 1783 Carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 4370 1784 , , , 34457 4370 1785 284 284 CD 34457 4370 1786 Carvoximes carvoxime NNS 34457 4370 1787 , , , 34457 4370 1788 186 186 CD 34457 4370 1789 , , , 34457 4370 1790 219 219 CD 34457 4370 1791 Cementite Cementite NNP 34457 4370 1792 , , , 34457 4370 1793 224 224 CD 34457 4370 1794 Chlorine Chlorine NNP 34457 4370 1795 and and CC 34457 4370 1796 iodine iodine NN 34457 4370 1797 , , , 34457 4370 1798 161 161 CD 34457 4370 1799 Chlorocinnamic Chlorocinnamic NNP 34457 4370 1800 aldehyde aldehyde NN 34457 4370 1801 and and CC 34457 4370 1802 bromocinnamic bromocinnamic JJ 34457 4370 1803 aldehyde aldehyde NNP 34457 4370 1804 , , , 34457 4370 1805 183 183 CD 34457 4370 1806 Chloroform chloroform JJ 34457 4370 1807 , , , 34457 4370 1808 acetic acetic JJ 34457 4370 1809 acid acid NN 34457 4370 1810 , , , 34457 4370 1811 water water NN 34457 4370 1812 , , , 34457 4370 1813 241 241 CD 34457 4370 1814 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1815 , , , 34457 4370 1816 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 4370 1817 , , , 34457 4370 1818 water water NN 34457 4370 1819 , , , 34457 4370 1820 246 246 CD 34457 4370 1821 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 1822 345 345 CD 34457 4370 1823 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 1824 Classification classification NN 34457 4370 1825 of of IN 34457 4370 1826 systems system NNS 34457 4370 1827 , , , 34457 4370 1828 17 17 CD 34457 4370 1829 Component Component NNP 34457 4370 1830 , , , 34457 4370 1831 8 8 CD 34457 4370 1832 , , , 34457 4370 1833 10 10 CD 34457 4370 1834 , , , 34457 4370 1835 12 12 CD 34457 4370 1836 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1837 , , , 34457 4370 1838 systems system NNS 34457 4370 1839 of of IN 34457 4370 1840 one one CD 34457 4370 1841 , , , 34457 4370 1842 21 21 CD 34457 4370 1843 , , , 34457 4370 1844 55 55 CD 34457 4370 1845 Components component NNS 34457 4370 1846 , , , 34457 4370 1847 choice choice NN 34457 4370 1848 of of IN 34457 4370 1849 , , , 34457 4370 1850 12 12 CD 34457 4370 1851 , , , 34457 4370 1852 13 13 CD 34457 4370 1853 , , , 34457 4370 1854 14 14 CD 34457 4370 1855 , , , 34457 4370 1856 76 76 CD 34457 4370 1857 , , , 34457 4370 1858 313 313 CD 34457 4370 1859 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1860 , , , 34457 4370 1861 determination determination NN 34457 4370 1862 of of IN 34457 4370 1863 number number NN 34457 4370 1864 of of IN 34457 4370 1865 , , , 34457 4370 1866 13 13 CD 34457 4370 1867 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1868 , , , 34457 4370 1869 systems system NNS 34457 4370 1870 of of IN 34457 4370 1871 four four CD 34457 4370 1872 , , , 34457 4370 1873 312 312 CD 34457 4370 1874 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1875 , , , 34457 4370 1876 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1877 of of IN 34457 4370 1878 three three CD 34457 4370 1879 , , , 34457 4370 1880 234 234 CD 34457 4370 1881 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1882 , , , 34457 4370 1883 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1884 of of IN 34457 4370 1885 two two CD 34457 4370 1886 , , , 34457 4370 1887 76 76 CD 34457 4370 1888 , , , 34457 4370 1889 207 207 CD 34457 4370 1890 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1891 , , , 34457 4370 1892 variation variation NN 34457 4370 1893 in in IN 34457 4370 1894 number number NN 34457 4370 1895 of of IN 34457 4370 1896 , , , 34457 4370 1897 11 11 CD 34457 4370 1898 , , , 34457 4370 1899 14 14 CD 34457 4370 1900 Composition composition NN 34457 4370 1901 , , , 34457 4370 1902 determination determination NN 34457 4370 1903 of of IN 34457 4370 1904 , , , 34457 4370 1905 without without IN 34457 4370 1906 analysis analysis NN 34457 4370 1907 , , , 34457 4370 1908 228 228 CD 34457 4370 1909 , , , 34457 4370 1910 302 302 CD 34457 4370 1911 Concentration concentration NN 34457 4370 1912 - - HYPH 34457 4370 1913 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 1914 curve curve NN 34457 4370 1915 for for IN 34457 4370 1916 two two CD 34457 4370 1917 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 1918 , , , 34457 4370 1919 101 101 CD 34457 4370 1920 Condensed condense VBN 34457 4370 1921 systems system NNS 34457 4370 1922 , , , 34457 4370 1923 36 36 CD 34457 4370 1924 Constituent Constituent NNP 34457 4370 1925 , , , 34457 4370 1926 10 10 CD 34457 4370 1927 Cooling cool VBG 34457 4370 1928 curve curve NN 34457 4370 1929 , , , 34457 4370 1930 230 230 CD 34457 4370 1931 Copper copper NN 34457 4370 1932 calcium calcium NN 34457 4370 1933 acetate acetate NN 34457 4370 1934 , , , 34457 4370 1935 260 260 CD 34457 4370 1936 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1937 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 1938 , , , 34457 4370 1939 heat heat NN 34457 4370 1940 of of IN 34457 4370 1941 solution solution NN 34457 4370 1942 of of IN 34457 4370 1943 , , , 34457 4370 1944 110 110 CD 34457 4370 1945 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1946 dipotassium dipotassium NN 34457 4370 1947 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 1948 , , , 34457 4370 1949 259 259 CD 34457 4370 1950 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1951 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4370 1952 , , , 34457 4370 1953 85 85 CD 34457 4370 1954 Critical critical JJ 34457 4370 1955 concentration concentration NN 34457 4370 1956 , , , 34457 4370 1957 98 98 CD 34457 4370 1958 , , , 34457 4370 1959 242 242 CD 34457 4370 1960 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1961 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 1962 of of IN 34457 4370 1963 water water NN 34457 4370 1964 , , , 34457 4370 1965 23 23 CD 34457 4370 1966 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 1967 solution solution NN 34457 4370 1968 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 1969 , , , 34457 4370 1970 98 98 CD 34457 4370 1971 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1972 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 1973 of of IN 34457 4370 1974 water water NN 34457 4370 1975 , , , 34457 4370 1976 23 23 CD 34457 4370 1977 Cryohydrates Cryohydrates NNPS 34457 4370 1978 , , , 34457 4370 1979 117 117 CD 34457 4370 1980 , , , 34457 4370 1981 118 118 CD 34457 4370 1982 Cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 4370 1983 point point NN 34457 4370 1984 , , , 34457 4370 1985 117 117 CD 34457 4370 1986 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 1987 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1988 , , , 34457 4370 1989 changes change VBZ 34457 4370 1990 at at IN 34457 4370 1991 the the DT 34457 4370 1992 , , , 34457 4370 1993 119 119 CD 34457 4370 1994 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1995 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 1996 for for IN 34457 4370 1997 silver silver NN 34457 4370 1998 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 1999 and and CC 34457 4370 2000 ice ice NN 34457 4370 2001 , , , 34457 4370 2002 116 116 CD 34457 4370 2003 Crystals Crystals NNPS 34457 4370 2004 , , , 34457 4370 2005 liquid liquid NN 34457 4370 2006 , , , 34457 4370 2007 51 51 CD 34457 4370 2008 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2009 , , , 34457 4370 2010 ---- ---- NNP 34457 4370 2011 , , , 34457 4370 2012 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 4370 2013 of of IN 34457 4370 2014 , , , 34457 4370 2015 53 53 CD 34457 4370 2016 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2017 , , , 34457 4370 2018 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2019 , , , 34457 4370 2020 list list NN 34457 4370 2021 of of IN 34457 4370 2022 , , , 34457 4370 2023 54 54 CD 34457 4370 2024 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2025 , , , 34457 4370 2026 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2027 , , , 34457 4370 2028 nature nature NN 34457 4370 2029 of of IN 34457 4370 2030 , , , 34457 4370 2031 52 52 CD 34457 4370 2032 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2033 , , , 34457 4370 2034 mixed mix VBN 34457 4370 2035 , , , 34457 4370 2036 180 180 CD 34457 4370 2037 Crystallization crystallization NN 34457 4370 2038 , , , 34457 4370 2039 velocity velocity NN 34457 4370 2040 of of IN 34457 4370 2041 , , , 34457 4370 2042 72 72 CD 34457 4370 2043 , , , 34457 4370 2044 74 74 CD 34457 4370 2045 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2046 , , , 34457 4370 2047 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 34457 4370 2048 , , , 34457 4370 2049 114 114 CD 34457 4370 2050 D d NN 34457 4370 2051 Deliquescence deliquescence NN 34457 4370 2052 , , , 34457 4370 2053 130 130 CD 34457 4370 2054 Devitrification Devitrification NNP 34457 4370 2055 , , , 34457 4370 2056 73 73 CD 34457 4370 2057 Diethylamine Diethylamine NNP 34457 4370 2058 and and CC 34457 4370 2059 water water NN 34457 4370 2060 , , , 34457 4370 2061 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 2062 of of IN 34457 4370 2063 , , , 34457 4370 2064 101 101 CD 34457 4370 2065 Dilatometer Dilatometer NNP 34457 4370 2066 , , , 34457 4370 2067 determination determination NN 34457 4370 2068 of of IN 34457 4370 2069 transition transition NN 34457 4370 2070 points point NNS 34457 4370 2071 by by IN 34457 4370 2072 , , , 34457 4370 2073 331 331 CD 34457 4370 2074 Dineric Dineric NNP 34457 4370 2075 surface surface NN 34457 4370 2076 , , , 34457 4370 2077 247 247 CD 34457 4370 2078 Dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 2079 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 2080 , , , 34457 4370 2081 effect effect NN 34457 4370 2082 of of IN 34457 4370 2083 addition addition NN 34457 4370 2084 of of IN 34457 4370 2085 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 2086 products product NNS 34457 4370 2087 on on IN 34457 4370 2088 , , , 34457 4370 2089 4 4 CD 34457 4370 2090 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2091 of of IN 34457 4370 2092 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 4370 2093 compounds compound NNS 34457 4370 2094 of of IN 34457 4370 2095 metal metal NN 34457 4370 2096 chlorides chloride NNS 34457 4370 2097 , , , 34457 4370 2098 82 82 CD 34457 4370 2099 , , , 34457 4370 2100 84 84 CD 34457 4370 2101 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2102 of of IN 34457 4370 2103 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4370 2104 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 2105 , , , 34457 4370 2106 3 3 CD 34457 4370 2107 , , , 34457 4370 2108 79 79 CD 34457 4370 2109 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2110 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2111 cyanide cyanide NN 34457 4370 2112 , , , 34457 4370 2113 80 80 CD 34457 4370 2114 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2115 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2116 hydrosulphide hydrosulphide NN 34457 4370 2117 , , , 34457 4370 2118 80 80 CD 34457 4370 2119 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2120 of of IN 34457 4370 2121 calcium calcium NN 34457 4370 2122 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 4370 2123 , , , 34457 4370 2124 3 3 CD 34457 4370 2125 , , , 34457 4370 2126 81 81 CD 34457 4370 2127 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2128 of of IN 34457 4370 2129 compounds compound NNS 34457 4370 2130 , , , 34457 4370 2131 degree degree NN 34457 4370 2132 of of IN 34457 4370 2133 , , , 34457 4370 2134 147 147 CD 34457 4370 2135 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2136 of of IN 34457 4370 2137 phosphonium phosphonium NN 34457 4370 2138 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 2139 , , , 34457 4370 2140 80 80 CD 34457 4370 2141 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2142 of of IN 34457 4370 2143 salt salt NN 34457 4370 2144 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4370 2145 , , , 34457 4370 2146 85 85 CD 34457 4370 2147 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2148 , , , 34457 4370 2149 phenomena phenomenon NNS 34457 4370 2150 of of IN 34457 4370 2151 , , , 34457 4370 2152 79 79 CD 34457 4370 2153 Dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 2154 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 2155 , , , 34457 4370 2156 81 81 CD 34457 4370 2157 Distillation distillation NN 34457 4370 2158 of of IN 34457 4370 2159 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 4370 2160 liquid liquid NN 34457 4370 2161 to to IN 34457 4370 2162 solid solid JJ 34457 4370 2163 , , , 34457 4370 2164 32 32 CD 34457 4370 2165 , , , 34457 4370 2166 50 50 CD 34457 4370 2167 Double double JJ 34457 4370 2168 salt salt NN 34457 4370 2169 interval interval NN 34457 4370 2170 , , , 34457 4370 2171 278 278 CD 34457 4370 2172 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2173 salts salts NN 34457 4370 2174 , , , 34457 4370 2175 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 4370 2176 from from IN 34457 4370 2177 solution solution NN 34457 4370 2178 , , , 34457 4370 2179 280 280 CD 34457 4370 2180 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2181 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2182 , , , 34457 4370 2183 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 4370 2184 by by IN 34457 4370 2185 water water NN 34457 4370 2186 , , , 34457 4370 2187 267 267 CD 34457 4370 2188 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2189 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2190 , , , 34457 4370 2191 formation formation NN 34457 4370 2192 of of IN 34457 4370 2193 , , , 34457 4370 2194 258 258 CD 34457 4370 2195 , , , 34457 4370 2196 273 273 CD 34457 4370 2197 , , , 34457 4370 2198 315 315 CD 34457 4370 2199 E e NN 34457 4370 2200 Efflorescence efflorescence NN 34457 4370 2201 , , , 34457 4370 2202 86 86 CD 34457 4370 2203 Electrical electrical JJ 34457 4370 2204 methods method NNS 34457 4370 2205 of of IN 34457 4370 2206 determining determine VBG 34457 4370 2207 transition transition NN 34457 4370 2208 points point NNS 34457 4370 2209 , , , 34457 4370 2210 338 338 CD 34457 4370 2211 Enantiotropy Enantiotropy NNP 34457 4370 2212 , , , 34457 4370 2213 44 44 CD 34457 4370 2214 , , , 34457 4370 2215 51 51 CD 34457 4370 2216 Equilibria Equilibria NNP 34457 4370 2217 , , , 34457 4370 2218 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 34457 4370 2219 's 's POS 34457 4370 2220 theory theory NN 34457 4370 2221 of of IN 34457 4370 2222 , , , 34457 4370 2223 8 8 CD 34457 4370 2224 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2225 , , , 34457 4370 2226 metastable metastable JJ 34457 4370 2227 , , , 34457 4370 2228 69 69 CD 34457 4370 2229 Equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 2230 apparent apparent JJ 34457 4370 2231 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4370 2232 false false JJ 34457 4370 2233 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4370 2234 , , , 34457 4370 2235 5 5 CD 34457 4370 2236 , , , 34457 4370 2237 6 6 CD 34457 4370 2238 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2239 between between IN 34457 4370 2240 ice ice NN 34457 4370 2241 and and CC 34457 4370 2242 solution solution NN 34457 4370 2243 , , , 34457 4370 2244 116 116 CD 34457 4370 2245 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2246 between between IN 34457 4370 2247 ice ice NN 34457 4370 2248 and and CC 34457 4370 2249 water water NN 34457 4370 2250 , , , 34457 4370 2251 25 25 CD 34457 4370 2252 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2253 between between IN 34457 4370 2254 ice ice NN 34457 4370 2255 , , , 34457 4370 2256 water water NN 34457 4370 2257 , , , 34457 4370 2258 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 2259 , , , 34457 4370 2260 27 27 CD 34457 4370 2261 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2262 between between IN 34457 4370 2263 water water NN 34457 4370 2264 and and CC 34457 4370 2265 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 2266 , , , 34457 4370 2267 21 21 CD 34457 4370 2268 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2269 , , , 34457 4370 2270 chemical chemical NNP 34457 4370 2271 , , , 34457 4370 2272 3 3 CD 34457 4370 2273 , , , 34457 4370 2274 16 16 CD 34457 4370 2275 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2276 , , , 34457 4370 2277 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 34457 4370 2278 , , , 34457 4370 2279 5 5 CD 34457 4370 2280 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2281 , , , 34457 4370 2282 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 34457 4370 2283 , , , 34457 4370 2284 5 5 CD 34457 4370 2285 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2286 , , , 34457 4370 2287 independence independence NN 34457 4370 2288 of of IN 34457 4370 2289 , , , 34457 4370 2290 on on IN 34457 4370 2291 amounts amount NNS 34457 4370 2292 of of IN 34457 4370 2293 phases phase NNS 34457 4370 2294 , , , 34457 4370 2295 9 9 CD 34457 4370 2296 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2297 , , , 34457 4370 2298 law law NN 34457 4370 2299 of of IN 34457 4370 2300 movable movable JJ 34457 4370 2301 , , , 34457 4370 2302 58 58 CD 34457 4370 2303 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 2304 346 346 CD 34457 4370 2305 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 2306 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2307 , , , 34457 4370 2308 physical physical JJ 34457 4370 2309 , , , 34457 4370 2310 3 3 CD 34457 4370 2311 , , , 34457 4370 2312 16 16 CD 34457 4370 2313 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2314 real real JJ 34457 4370 2315 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4370 2316 true true JJ 34457 4370 2317 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4370 2318 , , , 34457 4370 2319 5 5 CD 34457 4370 2320 , , , 34457 4370 2321 6 6 CD 34457 4370 2322 Ether Ether NNP 34457 4370 2323 , , , 34457 4370 2324 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 4370 2325 , , , 34457 4370 2326 water water NN 34457 4370 2327 , , , 34457 4370 2328 246 246 CD 34457 4370 2329 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2330 , , , 34457 4370 2331 succinic succinic JJ 34457 4370 2332 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 4370 2333 , , , 34457 4370 2334 water water NN 34457 4370 2335 , , , 34457 4370 2336 252 252 CD 34457 4370 2337 Ethylene Ethylene NNP 34457 4370 2338 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 2339 , , , 34457 4370 2340 picric picric JJ 34457 4370 2341 acid acid NN 34457 4370 2342 , , , 34457 4370 2343 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4370 2344 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 4370 2345 , , , 34457 4370 2346 256 256 CD 34457 4370 2347 Eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 4370 2348 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 4370 2349 , , , 34457 4370 2350 117 117 CD 34457 4370 2351 , , , 34457 4370 2352 191 191 CD 34457 4370 2353 , , , 34457 4370 2354 209 209 CD 34457 4370 2355 , , , 34457 4370 2356 255 255 CD 34457 4370 2357 , , , 34457 4370 2358 257 257 CD 34457 4370 2359 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2360 point point NN 34457 4370 2361 , , , 34457 4370 2362 117 117 CD 34457 4370 2363 , , , 34457 4370 2364 209 209 CD 34457 4370 2365 , , , 34457 4370 2366 213 213 CD 34457 4370 2367 , , , 34457 4370 2368 253 253 CD 34457 4370 2369 F F NNP 34457 4370 2370 Ferric Ferric NNP 34457 4370 2371 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 2372 , , , 34457 4370 2373 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 4370 2374 of of IN 34457 4370 2375 solutions solution NNS 34457 4370 2376 of of IN 34457 4370 2377 , , , 34457 4370 2378 155 155 CD 34457 4370 2379 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2380 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2381 , , , 34457 4370 2382 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4370 2383 of of IN 34457 4370 2384 , , , 34457 4370 2385 151 151 CD 34457 4370 2386 , , , 34457 4370 2387 153 153 CD 34457 4370 2388 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2389 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2390 , , , 34457 4370 2391 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 4370 2392 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 2393 and and CC 34457 4370 2394 water water NN 34457 4370 2395 , , , 34457 4370 2396 systems system NNS 34457 4370 2397 of of IN 34457 4370 2398 , , , 34457 4370 2399 290 290 CD 34457 4370 2400 Ferrite Ferrite NNP 34457 4370 2401 , , , 34457 4370 2402 modifications modification NNS 34457 4370 2403 of of IN 34457 4370 2404 , , , 34457 4370 2405 224 224 CD 34457 4370 2406 Freedom Freedom NNP 34457 4370 2407 , , , 34457 4370 2408 degree degree NN 34457 4370 2409 of of IN 34457 4370 2410 , , , 34457 4370 2411 14 14 CD 34457 4370 2412 Freezing freeze VBG 34457 4370 2413 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 4370 2414 , , , 34457 4370 2415 120 120 CD 34457 4370 2416 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2417 point point NN 34457 4370 2418 , , , 34457 4370 2419 natural natural JJ 34457 4370 2420 , , , 34457 4370 2421 198 198 CD 34457 4370 2422 Fusion Fusion NNP 34457 4370 2423 curve curve NN 34457 4370 2424 , , , 34457 4370 2425 66 66 CD 34457 4370 2426 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2427 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2428 of of IN 34457 4370 2429 ice ice NN 34457 4370 2430 , , , 34457 4370 2431 25 25 CD 34457 4370 2432 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2433 of of IN 34457 4370 2434 ice ice NN 34457 4370 2435 , , , 34457 4370 2436 influence influence NN 34457 4370 2437 of of IN 34457 4370 2438 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 2439 on on IN 34457 4370 2440 , , , 34457 4370 2441 26 26 CD 34457 4370 2442 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2443 , , , 34457 4370 2444 partial partial JJ 34457 4370 2445 , , , 34457 4370 2446 139 139 CD 34457 4370 2447 G G NNP 34457 4370 2448 Glaserite Glaserite NNP 34457 4370 2449 , , , 34457 4370 2450 315 315 CD 34457 4370 2451 , , , 34457 4370 2452 317 317 CD 34457 4370 2453 Glasses glass NNS 34457 4370 2454 , , , 34457 4370 2455 176 176 CD 34457 4370 2456 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4370 2457 's 's POS 34457 4370 2458 salt salt NN 34457 4370 2459 , , , 34457 4370 2460 13 13 CD 34457 4370 2461 , , , 34457 4370 2462 134 134 CD 34457 4370 2463 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2464 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2465 , , , 34457 4370 2466 transition transition NN 34457 4370 2467 curve curve NN 34457 4370 2468 of of IN 34457 4370 2469 , , , 34457 4370 2470 68 68 CD 34457 4370 2471 , , , 34457 4370 2472 140 140 CD 34457 4370 2473 Graphic graphic JJ 34457 4370 2474 representation representation NN 34457 4370 2475 in in IN 34457 4370 2476 space space NN 34457 4370 2477 , , , 34457 4370 2478 77 77 CD 34457 4370 2479 , , , 34457 4370 2480 284 284 CD 34457 4370 2481 H H NNP 34457 4370 2482 Hydrates Hydrates NNPS 34457 4370 2483 , , , 34457 4370 2484 range range NN 34457 4370 2485 of of IN 34457 4370 2486 existence existence NN 34457 4370 2487 of of IN 34457 4370 2488 , , , 34457 4370 2489 89 89 CD 34457 4370 2490 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2491 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 2492 and and CC 34457 4370 2493 water water NN 34457 4370 2494 , , , 34457 4370 2495 174 174 CD 34457 4370 2496 Hydrogen Hydrogen NNP 34457 4370 2497 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 2498 and and CC 34457 4370 2499 water water NN 34457 4370 2500 , , , 34457 4370 2501 174 174 CD 34457 4370 2502 Hylotropic hylotropic JJ 34457 4370 2503 substances substance NNS 34457 4370 2504 , , , 34457 4370 2505 198 198 CD 34457 4370 2506 I -PRON- PRP 34457 4370 2507 Ice Ice NNP 34457 4370 2508 I. I. NNP 34457 4370 2509 , , , 34457 4370 2510 32 32 CD 34457 4370 2511 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2512 II II NNP 34457 4370 2513 . . NNP 34457 4370 2514 , , , 34457 4370 2515 32 32 CD 34457 4370 2516 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2517 III iii CD 34457 4370 2518 . . . 34457 4370 2519 , , , 34457 4370 2520 32 32 CD 34457 4370 2521 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2522 , , , 34457 4370 2523 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 2524 between between IN 34457 4370 2525 water water NN 34457 4370 2526 and and CC 34457 4370 2527 , , , 34457 4370 2528 25 25 CD 34457 4370 2529 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2530 , , , 34457 4370 2531 influence influence NN 34457 4370 2532 of of IN 34457 4370 2533 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 2534 on on IN 34457 4370 2535 melting melting NN 34457 4370 2536 point point NN 34457 4370 2537 of of IN 34457 4370 2538 , , , 34457 4370 2539 25 25 CD 34457 4370 2540 , , , 34457 4370 2541 26 26 CD 34457 4370 2542 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2543 , , , 34457 4370 2544 sublimation sublimation NN 34457 4370 2545 curve curve NN 34457 4370 2546 of of IN 34457 4370 2547 , , , 34457 4370 2548 24 24 CD 34457 4370 2549 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2550 , , , 34457 4370 2551 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4370 2552 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 2553 of of IN 34457 4370 2554 , , , 34457 4370 2555 25 25 CD 34457 4370 2556 , , , 34457 4370 2557 31 31 CD 34457 4370 2558 Indifferent indifferent JJ 34457 4370 2559 point point NN 34457 4370 2560 , , , 34457 4370 2561 150 150 CD 34457 4370 2562 Individual Individual NNP 34457 4370 2563 , , , 34457 4370 2564 chemical chemical NN 34457 4370 2565 , , , 34457 4370 2566 92 92 CD 34457 4370 2567 Inversion inversion NN 34457 4370 2568 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 2569 , , , 34457 4370 2570 36 36 CD 34457 4370 2571 Iodine iodine NN 34457 4370 2572 and and CC 34457 4370 2573 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 4370 2574 , , , 34457 4370 2575 161 161 CD 34457 4370 2576 Iron Iron NNP 34457 4370 2577 -- -- : 34457 4370 2578 carbon carbon NN 34457 4370 2579 alloys alloy NNS 34457 4370 2580 , , , 34457 4370 2581 223 223 CD 34457 4370 2582 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2583 , , , 34457 4370 2584 carbon carbon NN 34457 4370 2585 monoxide monoxide NN 34457 4370 2586 and and CC 34457 4370 2587 carbon carbon NN 34457 4370 2588 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4370 2589 , , , 34457 4370 2590 305 305 CD 34457 4370 2591 Isomerides Isomerides NNPS 34457 4370 2592 , , , 34457 4370 2593 dynamic dynamic JJ 34457 4370 2594 , , , 34457 4370 2595 195 195 CD 34457 4370 2596 , , , 34457 4370 2597 196 196 CD 34457 4370 2598 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2599 , , , 34457 4370 2600 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2601 , , , 34457 4370 2602 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 2603 between between IN 34457 4370 2604 , , , 34457 4370 2605 195 195 CD 34457 4370 2606 , , , 34457 4370 2607 196 196 CD 34457 4370 2608 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2609 , , , 34457 4370 2610 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2611 , , , 34457 4370 2612 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 2613 point point NN 34457 4370 2614 of of IN 34457 4370 2615 , , , 34457 4370 2616 198 198 CD 34457 4370 2617 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2618 , , , 34457 4370 2619 transformation transformation NN 34457 4370 2620 of of IN 34457 4370 2621 unstable unstable JJ 34457 4370 2622 into into IN 34457 4370 2623 stable stable JJ 34457 4370 2624 , , , 34457 4370 2625 201 201 CD 34457 4370 2626 Isomerism isomerism NN 34457 4370 2627 , , , 34457 4370 2628 dynamic dynamic JJ 34457 4370 2629 , , , 34457 4370 2630 196 196 CD 34457 4370 2631 Isothermal isothermal JJ 34457 4370 2632 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 4370 2633 , , , 34457 4370 2634 278 278 CD 34457 4370 2635 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2636 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 2637 curves curve NNS 34457 4370 2638 , , , 34457 4370 2639 272 272 CD 34457 4370 2640 L L NNP 34457 4370 2641 Lead Lead NNP 34457 4370 2642 , , , 34457 4370 2643 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 4370 2644 , , , 34457 4370 2645 tin tin NNP 34457 4370 2646 , , , 34457 4370 2647 255 255 CD 34457 4370 2648 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2649 , , , 34457 4370 2650 desilverization desilverization NN 34457 4370 2651 of of IN 34457 4370 2652 , , , 34457 4370 2653 247 247 CD 34457 4370 2654 ---- ---- NNS 34457 4370 2655 , , , 34457 4370 2656 silver silver NN 34457 4370 2657 , , , 34457 4370 2658 zinc zinc NN 34457 4370 2659 , , , 34457 4370 2660 246 246 CD 34457 4370 2661 Le Le NNP 34457 4370 2662 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 4370 2663 , , , 34457 4370 2664 theorem theorem NN 34457 4370 2665 of of IN 34457 4370 2666 , , , 34457 4370 2667 57 57 CD 34457 4370 2668 Lime lime RB 34457 4370 2669 , , , 34457 4370 2670 burning burning NN 34457 4370 2671 of of IN 34457 4370 2672 , , , 34457 4370 2673 3 3 CD 34457 4370 2674 Liquidus Liquidus NNP 34457 4370 2675 curve curve NN 34457 4370 2676 , , , 34457 4370 2677 182 182 CD 34457 4370 2678 M M NNP 34457 4370 2679 Mandelic Mandelic NNP 34457 4370 2680 acid acid NN 34457 4370 2681 , , , 34457 4370 2682 217 217 CD 34457 4370 2683 Martensite Martensite NNP 34457 4370 2684 , , , 34457 4370 2685 224 224 CD 34457 4370 2686 Mass mass NN 34457 4370 2687 action action NN 34457 4370 2688 , , , 34457 4370 2689 law law NN 34457 4370 2690 of of IN 34457 4370 2691 , , , 34457 4370 2692 7 7 CD 34457 4370 2693 Melting melting NN 34457 4370 2694 point point NN 34457 4370 2695 , , , 34457 4370 2696 influence influence NN 34457 4370 2697 of of IN 34457 4370 2698 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 2699 on on IN 34457 4370 2700 , , , 34457 4370 2701 66 66 CD 34457 4370 2702 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 2703 347 347 CD 34457 4370 2704 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 2705 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2706 ---- ---- FW 34457 4370 2707 , , , 34457 4370 2708 congruent congruent JJ 34457 4370 2709 , , , 34457 4370 2710 146 146 CD 34457 4370 2711 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2712 ---- ---- FW 34457 4370 2713 , , , 34457 4370 2714 incongruent incongruent NN 34457 4370 2715 , , , 34457 4370 2716 139 139 CD 34457 4370 2717 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2718 under under IN 34457 4370 2719 the the DT 34457 4370 2720 solvent solvent NN 34457 4370 2721 , , , 34457 4370 2722 122 122 CD 34457 4370 2723 Menthyl Menthyl NNP 34457 4370 2724 mandelates mandelate NNS 34457 4370 2725 , , , 34457 4370 2726 219 219 CD 34457 4370 2727 Mercuric mercuric NN 34457 4370 2728 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 2729 and and CC 34457 4370 2730 iodide iodide NN 34457 4370 2731 , , , 34457 4370 2732 188 188 CD 34457 4370 2733 Mercury Mercury NNP 34457 4370 2734 salts salt NNS 34457 4370 2735 , , , 34457 4370 2736 basic basic JJ 34457 4370 2737 , , , 34457 4370 2738 301 301 CD 34457 4370 2739 Metastable metastable JJ 34457 4370 2740 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 4370 2741 , , , 34457 4370 2742 69 69 CD 34457 4370 2743 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2744 region region NN 34457 4370 2745 , , , 34457 4370 2746 30 30 CD 34457 4370 2747 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2748 state state NN 34457 4370 2749 , , , 34457 4370 2750 30 30 CD 34457 4370 2751 Methylethyl methylethyl NN 34457 4370 2752 ketone ketone NN 34457 4370 2753 and and CC 34457 4370 2754 water water NN 34457 4370 2755 , , , 34457 4370 2756 100 100 CD 34457 4370 2757 Minerals mineral NNS 34457 4370 2758 , , , 34457 4370 2759 formation formation NN 34457 4370 2760 of of IN 34457 4370 2761 , , , 34457 4370 2762 232 232 CD 34457 4370 2763 Miscibility Miscibility NNP 34457 4370 2764 of of IN 34457 4370 2765 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 2766 , , , 34457 4370 2767 complete complete JJ 34457 4370 2768 , , , 34457 4370 2769 95 95 CD 34457 4370 2770 , , , 34457 4370 2771 104 104 CD 34457 4370 2772 , , , 34457 4370 2773 114 114 CD 34457 4370 2774 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2775 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2776 , , , 34457 4370 2777 partial partial JJ 34457 4370 2778 , , , 34457 4370 2779 95 95 CD 34457 4370 2780 , , , 34457 4370 2781 96 96 CD 34457 4370 2782 , , , 34457 4370 2783 121 121 CD 34457 4370 2784 Mixed mixed JJ 34457 4370 2785 crystals crystal NNS 34457 4370 2786 , , , 34457 4370 2787 180 180 CD 34457 4370 2788 , , , 34457 4370 2789 281 281 CD 34457 4370 2790 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2791 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2792 , , , 34457 4370 2793 changes change VBZ 34457 4370 2794 in in IN 34457 4370 2795 , , , 34457 4370 2796 with with IN 34457 4370 2797 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 2798 , , , 34457 4370 2799 192 192 CD 34457 4370 2800 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2801 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2802 , , , 34457 4370 2803 examples example NNS 34457 4370 2804 of of IN 34457 4370 2805 , , , 34457 4370 2806 183 183 CD 34457 4370 2807 , , , 34457 4370 2808 186 186 CD 34457 4370 2809 , , , 34457 4370 2810 187 187 CD 34457 4370 2811 , , , 34457 4370 2812 190 190 CD 34457 4370 2813 , , , 34457 4370 2814 192 192 CD 34457 4370 2815 , , , 34457 4370 2816 219 219 CD 34457 4370 2817 , , , 34457 4370 2818 223 223 CD 34457 4370 2819 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2820 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2821 , , , 34457 4370 2822 formation formation NN 34457 4370 2823 of of IN 34457 4370 2824 , , , 34457 4370 2825 181 181 CD 34457 4370 2826 , , , 34457 4370 2827 182 182 CD 34457 4370 2828 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2829 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 2830 , , , 34457 4370 2831 fractional fractional JJ 34457 4370 2832 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 4370 2833 of of IN 34457 4370 2834 , , , 34457 4370 2835 188 188 CD 34457 4370 2836 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2837 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2838 , , , 34457 4370 2839 freezing freeze VBG 34457 4370 2840 points point NNS 34457 4370 2841 of of IN 34457 4370 2842 , , , 34457 4370 2843 182 182 CD 34457 4370 2844 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 2845 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2846 , , , 34457 4370 2847 melting melt VBG 34457 4370 2848 points point NNS 34457 4370 2849 of of IN 34457 4370 2850 , , , 34457 4370 2851 182 182 CD 34457 4370 2852 , , , 34457 4370 2853 184 184 CD 34457 4370 2854 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 2855 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2856 , , , 34457 4370 2857 pseudoracemic pseudoracemic JJ 34457 4370 2858 , , , 34457 4370 2859 219 219 CD 34457 4370 2860 Mixtures mixture NNS 34457 4370 2861 , , , 34457 4370 2862 isomorphous isomorphous JJ 34457 4370 2863 , , , 34457 4370 2864 181 181 CD 34457 4370 2865 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2866 of of IN 34457 4370 2867 constant constant JJ 34457 4370 2868 boiling boiling NN 34457 4370 2869 point point NN 34457 4370 2870 , , , 34457 4370 2871 105 105 CD 34457 4370 2872 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2873 of of IN 34457 4370 2874 constant constant JJ 34457 4370 2875 melting melting NN 34457 4370 2876 point point NN 34457 4370 2877 , , , 34457 4370 2878 117 117 CD 34457 4370 2879 , , , 34457 4370 2880 186 186 CD 34457 4370 2881 , , , 34457 4370 2882 187 187 CD 34457 4370 2883 , , , 34457 4370 2884 192 192 CD 34457 4370 2885 , , , 34457 4370 2886 209 209 CD 34457 4370 2887 , , , 34457 4370 2888 255 255 CD 34457 4370 2889 , , , 34457 4370 2890 257 257 CD 34457 4370 2891 Monotropy Monotropy NNP 34457 4370 2892 , , , 34457 4370 2893 44 44 CD 34457 4370 2894 , , , 34457 4370 2895 51 51 CD 34457 4370 2896 Multivariant multivariant JJ 34457 4370 2897 systems system NNS 34457 4370 2898 , , , 34457 4370 2899 16 16 CD 34457 4370 2900 N n NN 34457 4370 2901 Naphthalene Naphthalene NNP 34457 4370 2902 and and CC 34457 4370 2903 monochloracetic monochloracetic JJ 34457 4370 2904 acid acid NN 34457 4370 2905 , , , 34457 4370 2906 192 192 CD 34457 4370 2907 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 2908 and and CC 34457 4370 2909 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4370 2910 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 4370 2911 , , , 34457 4370 2912 mixed mixed JJ 34457 4370 2913 crystals crystal NNS 34457 4370 2914 of of IN 34457 4370 2915 , , , 34457 4370 2916 183 183 CD 34457 4370 2917 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4370 2918 beta]-Naphthol beta]-Naphthol NNP 34457 4370 2919 , , , 34457 4370 2920 ethylene ethylene NN 34457 4370 2921 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 2922 , , , 34457 4370 2923 picric picric JJ 34457 4370 2924 acid acid NN 34457 4370 2925 , , , 34457 4370 2926 256 256 CD 34457 4370 2927 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4370 2928 alpha]-Naphthylamine alpha]-Naphthylamine NNP 34457 4370 2929 and and CC 34457 4370 2930 phenol phenol NN 34457 4370 2931 , , , 34457 4370 2932 213 213 CD 34457 4370 2933 Nickel nickel NN 34457 4370 2934 iodate iodate VBP 34457 4370 2935 , , , 34457 4370 2936 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 2937 of of IN 34457 4370 2938 , , , 34457 4370 2939 142 142 CD 34457 4370 2940 _ _ NNP 34457 4370 2941 o_-Nitrophenol o_-Nitrophenol NNP 34457 4370 2942 and and CC 34457 4370 2943 _ _ NNP 34457 4370 2944 p_-toluidine p_-toluidine NNP 34457 4370 2945 , , , 34457 4370 2946 213 213 CD 34457 4370 2947 O o NN 34457 4370 2948 Occlusion occlusion NN 34457 4370 2949 of of IN 34457 4370 2950 gases gas NNS 34457 4370 2951 , , , 34457 4370 2952 176 176 CD 34457 4370 2953 Optical optical JJ 34457 4370 2954 method method NN 34457 4370 2955 of of IN 34457 4370 2956 determining determine VBG 34457 4370 2957 transition transition NN 34457 4370 2958 points point NNS 34457 4370 2959 , , , 34457 4370 2960 338 338 CD 34457 4370 2961 Optically optically RB 34457 4370 2962 active active JJ 34457 4370 2963 substances substance NNS 34457 4370 2964 , , , 34457 4370 2965 freezing freezing NN 34457 4370 2966 - - HYPH 34457 4370 2967 point point NN 34457 4370 2968 curves curve NNS 34457 4370 2969 of of IN 34457 4370 2970 , , , 34457 4370 2971 216 216 CD 34457 4370 2972 Order order NN 34457 4370 2973 of of IN 34457 4370 2974 a a DT 34457 4370 2975 system system NN 34457 4370 2976 , , , 34457 4370 2977 13 13 CD 34457 4370 2978 Organic organic JJ 34457 4370 2979 compounds compound NNS 34457 4370 2980 , , , 34457 4370 2981 application application NN 34457 4370 2982 of of IN 34457 4370 2983 Phase Phase NNP 34457 4370 2984 Rule Rule NNP 34457 4370 2985 to to IN 34457 4370 2986 , , , 34457 4370 2987 212 212 CD 34457 4370 2988 P P NNP 34457 4370 2989 Palladium Palladium NNP 34457 4370 2990 and and CC 34457 4370 2991 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 4370 2992 , , , 34457 4370 2993 90 90 CD 34457 4370 2994 , , , 34457 4370 2995 178 178 CD 34457 4370 2996 Paragenesis paragenesis NN 34457 4370 2997 , , , 34457 4370 2998 320 320 CD 34457 4370 2999 Paraldehyde Paraldehyde NNP 34457 4370 3000 and and CC 34457 4370 3001 acetaldehyde acetaldehyde NN 34457 4370 3002 , , , 34457 4370 3003 204 204 CD 34457 4370 3004 Partial partial JJ 34457 4370 3005 pressures pressure NNS 34457 4370 3006 of of IN 34457 4370 3007 two two CD 34457 4370 3008 components component NNS 34457 4370 3009 , , , 34457 4370 3010 102 102 CD 34457 4370 3011 Pearlite pearlite NN 34457 4370 3012 , , , 34457 4370 3013 224 224 CD 34457 4370 3014 Phase phase NN 34457 4370 3015 , , , 34457 4370 3016 8 8 CD 34457 4370 3017 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3018 Rule rule NN 34457 4370 3019 , , , 34457 4370 3020 8 8 CD 34457 4370 3021 , , , 34457 4370 3022 16 16 CD 34457 4370 3023 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3024 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3025 , , , 34457 4370 3026 deduction deduction NN 34457 4370 3027 of of IN 34457 4370 3028 , , , 34457 4370 3029 18 18 CD 34457 4370 3030 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3031 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3032 , , , 34457 4370 3033 scope scope NN 34457 4370 3034 of of IN 34457 4370 3035 , , , 34457 4370 3036 1 1 CD 34457 4370 3037 Phases Phases NNP 34457 4370 3038 , , , 34457 4370 3039 formation formation NN 34457 4370 3040 of of IN 34457 4370 3041 new new JJ 34457 4370 3042 , , , 34457 4370 3043 69 69 CD 34457 4370 3044 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3045 , , , 34457 4370 3046 number number NN 34457 4370 3047 of of IN 34457 4370 3048 , , , 34457 4370 3049 9 9 CD 34457 4370 3050 Phenol Phenol NNP 34457 4370 3051 , , , 34457 4370 3052 acetone acetone NN 34457 4370 3053 , , , 34457 4370 3054 water water NN 34457 4370 3055 , , , 34457 4370 3056 248 248 CD 34457 4370 3057 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3058 , , , 34457 4370 3059 aniline aniline NN 34457 4370 3060 , , , 34457 4370 3061 water water NN 34457 4370 3062 , , , 34457 4370 3063 250 250 CD 34457 4370 3064 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3065 and and CC 34457 4370 3066 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4370 3067 alpha]-naphthylamine alpha]-naphthylamine NN 34457 4370 3068 , , , 34457 4370 3069 213 213 CD 34457 4370 3070 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3071 and and CC 34457 4370 3072 _ _ NNP 34457 4370 3073 p_-toluidine p_-toluidine NNP 34457 4370 3074 , , , 34457 4370 3075 214 214 CD 34457 4370 3076 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3077 and and CC 34457 4370 3078 water water NN 34457 4370 3079 , , , 34457 4370 3080 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3081 of of IN 34457 4370 3082 , , , 34457 4370 3083 97 97 CD 34457 4370 3084 Phosphonium phosphonium NN 34457 4370 3085 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 3086 , , , 34457 4370 3087 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4370 3088 of of IN 34457 4370 3089 , , , 34457 4370 3090 80 80 CD 34457 4370 3091 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3092 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 3093 , , , 34457 4370 3094 65 65 CD 34457 4370 3095 Phosphorus Phosphorus NNP 34457 4370 3096 , , , 34457 4370 3097 46 46 CD 34457 4370 3098 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3099 , , , 34457 4370 3100 distillation distillation NN 34457 4370 3101 of of IN 34457 4370 3102 white white JJ 34457 4370 3103 to to IN 34457 4370 3104 red red JJ 34457 4370 3105 , , , 34457 4370 3106 50 50 CD 34457 4370 3107 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3108 , , , 34457 4370 3109 melting melt VBG 34457 4370 3110 point point NN 34457 4370 3111 of of IN 34457 4370 3112 red red JJ 34457 4370 3113 , , , 34457 4370 3114 47 47 CD 34457 4370 3115 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3116 , , , 34457 4370 3117 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3118 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3119 of of IN 34457 4370 3120 white white JJ 34457 4370 3121 , , , 34457 4370 3122 48 48 CD 34457 4370 3123 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3124 , , , 34457 4370 3125 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3126 of of IN 34457 4370 3127 white white NNP 34457 4370 3128 and and CC 34457 4370 3129 red red JJ 34457 4370 3130 , , , 34457 4370 3131 47 47 CD 34457 4370 3132 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3133 , , , 34457 4370 3134 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4370 3135 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3136 of of IN 34457 4370 3137 white white JJ 34457 4370 3138 and and CC 34457 4370 3139 red red JJ 34457 4370 3140 , , , 34457 4370 3141 46 46 CD 34457 4370 3142 Picric picric JJ 34457 4370 3143 acid acid NN 34457 4370 3144 and and CC 34457 4370 3145 benzene benzene NN 34457 4370 3146 , , , 34457 4370 3147 216 216 CD 34457 4370 3148 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3149 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3150 , , , 34457 4370 3151 ethylene ethylene NN 34457 4370 3152 bromide bromide NN 34457 4370 3153 , , , 34457 4370 3154 and and CC 34457 4370 3155 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4370 3156 beta]-naphthol beta]-naphthol NNP 34457 4370 3157 , , , 34457 4370 3158 256 256 CD 34457 4370 3159 Polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 4370 3160 forms form NNS 34457 4370 3161 , , , 34457 4370 3162 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3163 of of IN 34457 4370 3164 , , , 34457 4370 3165 112 112 CD 34457 4370 3166 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 3167 348 348 CD 34457 4370 3168 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 3169 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3170 substances substance NNS 34457 4370 3171 , , , 34457 4370 3172 list list NN 34457 4370 3173 of of IN 34457 4370 3174 , , , 34457 4370 3175 63 63 CD 34457 4370 3176 Polymorphism Polymorphism NNP 34457 4370 3177 , , , 34457 4370 3178 33 33 CD 34457 4370 3179 Potassium potassium NN 34457 4370 3180 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 3181 and and CC 34457 4370 3182 thallium thallium NN 34457 4370 3183 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 3184 , , , 34457 4370 3185 192 192 CD 34457 4370 3186 Potential potential JJ 34457 4370 3187 , , , 34457 4370 3188 chemical chemical NN 34457 4370 3189 , , , 34457 4370 3190 19 19 CD 34457 4370 3191 Pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3192 - - HYPH 34457 4370 3193 concentration concentration NN 34457 4370 3194 diagram diagram NN 34457 4370 3195 for for IN 34457 4370 3196 two two CD 34457 4370 3197 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 3198 , , , 34457 4370 3199 102 102 CD 34457 4370 3200 Pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3201 - - HYPH 34457 4370 3202 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 3203 diagram diagram NN 34457 4370 3204 for for IN 34457 4370 3205 solutions solution NNS 34457 4370 3206 , , , 34457 4370 3207 126 126 CD 34457 4370 3208 Pseudomonotropy Pseudomonotropy NNP 34457 4370 3209 , , , 34457 4370 3210 45 45 CD 34457 4370 3211 Pseudo pseudo JJ 34457 4370 3212 - - JJ 34457 4370 3213 racemic racemic JJ 34457 4370 3214 mixed mixed JJ 34457 4370 3215 crystals crystal NNS 34457 4370 3216 , , , 34457 4370 3217 21 21 CD 34457 4370 3218 Pyridine pyridine JJ 34457 4370 3219 and and CC 34457 4370 3220 methyl methyl NN 34457 4370 3221 iodide iodide NN 34457 4370 3222 , , , 34457 4370 3223 147 147 CD 34457 4370 3224 Pyrometer Pyrometer NNP 34457 4370 3225 , , , 34457 4370 3226 registering register VBG 34457 4370 3227 , , , 34457 4370 3228 230 230 CD 34457 4370 3229 Q q NN 34457 4370 3230 Quadruple Quadruple NNP 34457 4370 3231 point point NN 34457 4370 3232 , , , 34457 4370 3233 116 116 CD 34457 4370 3234 Quintuple Quintuple NNP 34457 4370 3235 point point NN 34457 4370 3236 , , , 34457 4370 3237 234 234 CD 34457 4370 3238 , , , 34457 4370 3239 261 261 CD 34457 4370 3240 R r NN 34457 4370 3241 Racemates Racemates NNPS 34457 4370 3242 , , , 34457 4370 3243 characterization characterization NN 34457 4370 3244 of of IN 34457 4370 3245 , , , 34457 4370 3246 217 217 CD 34457 4370 3247 , , , 34457 4370 3248 282 282 CD 34457 4370 3249 Reactions reaction NNS 34457 4370 3250 , , , 34457 4370 3251 law law NN 34457 4370 3252 of of IN 34457 4370 3253 successive successive JJ 34457 4370 3254 , , , 34457 4370 3255 73 73 CD 34457 4370 3256 Reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 4370 3257 salt salt NN 34457 4370 3258 - - HYPH 34457 4370 3259 pairs pair NNS 34457 4370 3260 , , , 34457 4370 3261 313 313 CD 34457 4370 3262 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3263 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3264 , , , 34457 4370 3265 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3266 point point NN 34457 4370 3267 of of IN 34457 4370 3268 , , , 34457 4370 3269 314 314 CD 34457 4370 3270 Rubidium Rubidium NNP 34457 4370 3271 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 4370 3272 , , , 34457 4370 3273 265 265 CD 34457 4370 3274 S S NNP 34457 4370 3275 Salt Salt NNP 34457 4370 3276 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4370 3277 , , , 34457 4370 3278 85 85 CD 34457 4370 3279 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3280 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3281 , , , 34457 4370 3282 indefiniteness indefiniteness NN 34457 4370 3283 of of IN 34457 4370 3284 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4370 3285 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3286 of of IN 34457 4370 3287 , , , 34457 4370 3288 87 87 CD 34457 4370 3289 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3290 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3291 with with IN 34457 4370 3292 definite definite JJ 34457 4370 3293 melting melting NN 34457 4370 3294 point point NN 34457 4370 3295 , , , 34457 4370 3296 145 145 CD 34457 4370 3297 Separation separation NN 34457 4370 3298 of of IN 34457 4370 3299 salt salt NN 34457 4370 3300 on on IN 34457 4370 3301 evaporation evaporation NN 34457 4370 3302 , , , 34457 4370 3303 130 130 CD 34457 4370 3304 Silicates Silicates NNPS 34457 4370 3305 , , , 34457 4370 3306 hydrated hydrate VBD 34457 4370 3307 , , , 34457 4370 3308 176 176 CD 34457 4370 3309 Silver Silver NNP 34457 4370 3310 , , , 34457 4370 3311 lead lead NN 34457 4370 3312 , , , 34457 4370 3313 zinc zinc NN 34457 4370 3314 , , , 34457 4370 3315 246 246 CD 34457 4370 3316 Silver Silver NNP 34457 4370 3317 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 3318 , , , 34457 4370 3319 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3320 of of IN 34457 4370 3321 , , , 34457 4370 3322 114 114 CD 34457 4370 3323 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3324 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3325 and and CC 34457 4370 3326 sodium sodium NN 34457 4370 3327 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 3328 , , , 34457 4370 3329 190 190 CD 34457 4370 3330 Single single JJ 34457 4370 3331 salt salt NN 34457 4370 3332 interval interval NN 34457 4370 3333 , , , 34457 4370 3334 278 278 CD 34457 4370 3335 Sodium sodium NN 34457 4370 3336 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4370 3337 tartrates tartrate NNS 34457 4370 3338 , , , 34457 4370 3339 266 266 CD 34457 4370 3340 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3341 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 3342 and and CC 34457 4370 3343 silver silver NN 34457 4370 3344 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 4370 3345 , , , 34457 4370 3346 190 190 CD 34457 4370 3347 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3348 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4370 3349 and and CC 34457 4370 3350 water water NN 34457 4370 3351 , , , 34457 4370 3352 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 4370 3353 between between IN 34457 4370 3354 , , , 34457 4370 3355 134 134 CD 34457 4370 3356 Sodium Sodium NNP 34457 4370 3357 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4370 3358 and and CC 34457 4370 3359 water water NN 34457 4370 3360 , , , 34457 4370 3361 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 3362 pressures pressure NNS 34457 4370 3363 of of IN 34457 4370 3364 , , , 34457 4370 3365 138 138 CD 34457 4370 3366 , , , 34457 4370 3367 140 140 CD 34457 4370 3368 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3369 ---- ---- FW 34457 4370 3370 , , , 34457 4370 3371 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 4370 3372 , , , 34457 4370 3373 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 4370 3374 by by IN 34457 4370 3375 , , , 34457 4370 3376 138 138 CD 34457 4370 3377 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3378 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3379 , , , 34457 4370 3380 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3381 of of IN 34457 4370 3382 , , , 34457 4370 3383 135 135 CD 34457 4370 3384 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3385 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3386 decahydrate decahydrate NN 34457 4370 3387 , , , 34457 4370 3388 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3389 of of IN 34457 4370 3390 , , , 34457 4370 3391 134 134 CD 34457 4370 3392 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3393 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3394 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3395 , , , 34457 4370 3396 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3397 point point NN 34457 4370 3398 of of IN 34457 4370 3399 , , , 34457 4370 3400 136 136 CD 34457 4370 3401 , , , 34457 4370 3402 139 139 CD 34457 4370 3403 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3404 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3405 heptahydrate heptahydrate NN 34457 4370 3406 , , , 34457 4370 3407 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3408 of of IN 34457 4370 3409 , , , 34457 4370 3410 136 136 CD 34457 4370 3411 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3412 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3413 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3414 , , , 34457 4370 3415 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3416 point point NN 34457 4370 3417 of of IN 34457 4370 3418 , , , 34457 4370 3419 137 137 CD 34457 4370 3420 Solidus Solidus NNP 34457 4370 3421 curve curve NN 34457 4370 3422 , , , 34457 4370 3423 182 182 CD 34457 4370 3424 Solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3425 curve curve NN 34457 4370 3426 at at IN 34457 4370 3427 higher high JJR 34457 4370 3428 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4370 3429 , , , 34457 4370 3430 114 114 CD 34457 4370 3431 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3432 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3433 , , , 34457 4370 3434 form form NN 34457 4370 3435 of of IN 34457 4370 3436 , , , 34457 4370 3437 108 108 CD 34457 4370 3438 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3439 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3440 of of IN 34457 4370 3441 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 4370 3442 salts salt NNS 34457 4370 3443 , , , 34457 4370 3444 111 111 CD 34457 4370 3445 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3446 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3447 , , , 34457 4370 3448 retroflex retroflex NNP 34457 4370 3449 , , , 34457 4370 3450 146 146 CD 34457 4370 3451 , , , 34457 4370 3452 151 151 CD 34457 4370 3453 , , , 34457 4370 3454 162 162 CD 34457 4370 3455 ---- ---- HYPH 34457 4370 3456 curves curve NNS 34457 4370 3457 , , , 34457 4370 3458 interpolation interpolation NN 34457 4370 3459 and and CC 34457 4370 3460 extrapolation extrapolation NN 34457 4370 3461 of of IN 34457 4370 3462 , , , 34457 4370 3463 111 111 CD 34457 4370 3464 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3465 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3466 of of IN 34457 4370 3467 three three CD 34457 4370 3468 component component NN 34457 4370 3469 systems system NNS 34457 4370 3470 , , , 34457 4370 3471 264 264 CD 34457 4370 3472 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3473 , , , 34457 4370 3474 determination determination NN 34457 4370 3475 of of IN 34457 4370 3476 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3477 points point NNS 34457 4370 3478 by by RB 34457 4370 3479 , , , 34457 4370 3480 335 335 CD 34457 4370 3481 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3482 , , , 34457 4370 3483 influence influence NN 34457 4370 3484 of of IN 34457 4370 3485 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3486 on on IN 34457 4370 3487 , , , 34457 4370 3488 107 107 CD 34457 4370 3489 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3490 , , , 34457 4370 3491 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3492 of of IN 34457 4370 3493 subdivision subdivision NN 34457 4370 3494 on on IN 34457 4370 3495 , , , 34457 4370 3496 10 10 CD 34457 4370 3497 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3498 , , , 34457 4370 3499 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3500 of of IN 34457 4370 3501 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 3502 on on IN 34457 4370 3503 , , , 34457 4370 3504 109 109 CD 34457 4370 3505 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3506 of of IN 34457 4370 3507 metastable metastable JJ 34457 4370 3508 forms form NNS 34457 4370 3509 , , , 34457 4370 3510 47 47 CD 34457 4370 3511 , , , 34457 4370 3512 112 112 CD 34457 4370 3513 , , , 34457 4370 3514 137 137 CD 34457 4370 3515 Solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 3516 of of IN 34457 4370 3517 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 4370 3518 forms form NNS 34457 4370 3519 , , , 34457 4370 3520 112 112 CD 34457 4370 3521 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3522 of of IN 34457 4370 3523 salt salt NN 34457 4370 3524 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 4370 3525 , , , 34457 4370 3526 133 133 CD 34457 4370 3527 , , , 34457 4370 3528 145 145 CD 34457 4370 3529 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3530 of of IN 34457 4370 3531 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 4370 3532 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 3533 , , , 34457 4370 3534 125 125 CD 34457 4370 3535 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3536 , , , 34457 4370 3537 retrograde retrograde NN 34457 4370 3538 , , , 34457 4370 3539 245 245 CD 34457 4370 3540 Solute Solute NNP 34457 4370 3541 , , , 34457 4370 3542 93 93 CD 34457 4370 3543 Solution solution NN 34457 4370 3544 , , , 34457 4370 3545 definition definition NN 34457 4370 3546 of of IN 34457 4370 3547 , , , 34457 4370 3548 92 92 CD 34457 4370 3549 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3550 , , , 34457 4370 3551 heat heat NN 34457 4370 3552 of of IN 34457 4370 3553 , , , 34457 4370 3554 109 109 CD 34457 4370 3555 , , , 34457 4370 3556 110 110 CD 34457 4370 3557 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3558 , , , 34457 4370 3559 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4370 3560 , , , 34457 4370 3561 106 106 CD 34457 4370 3562 , , , 34457 4370 3563 108 108 CD 34457 4370 3564 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3565 , , , 34457 4370 3566 supersaturated supersaturate VBN 34457 4370 3567 , , , 34457 4370 3568 108 108 CD 34457 4370 3569 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3570 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 3571 , , , 34457 4370 3572 critical critical JJ 34457 4370 3573 , , , 34457 4370 3574 98 98 CD 34457 4370 3575 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3576 , , , 34457 4370 3577 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 4370 3578 , , , 34457 4370 3579 108 108 CD 34457 4370 3580 Solutions Solutions NNPS 34457 4370 3581 , , , 34457 4370 3582 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 4370 3583 systems system NNS 34457 4370 3584 , , , 34457 4370 3585 129 129 CD 34457 4370 3586 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3587 , , , 34457 4370 3588 congruently congruently RB 34457 4370 3589 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4370 3590 , , , 34457 4370 3591 279 279 CD 34457 4370 3592 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3593 conjugate conjugate NN 34457 4370 3594 , , , 34457 4370 3595 97 97 CD 34457 4370 3596 , , , 34457 4370 3597 241 241 CD 34457 4370 3598 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 3599 349 349 CD 34457 4370 3600 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 3601 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3602 , , , 34457 4370 3603 incongruently incongruently RB 34457 4370 3604 saturated saturate VBN 34457 4370 3605 , , , 34457 4370 3606 279 279 CD 34457 4370 3607 , , , 34457 4370 3608 289 289 CD 34457 4370 3609 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3610 , , , 34457 4370 3611 inevaporable inevaporable JJ 34457 4370 3612 , , , 34457 4370 3613 157 157 CD 34457 4370 3614 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3615 of of IN 34457 4370 3616 gases gas NNS 34457 4370 3617 in in IN 34457 4370 3618 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 3619 , , , 34457 4370 3620 93 93 CD 34457 4370 3621 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3622 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3623 in in IN 34457 4370 3624 solids solid NNS 34457 4370 3625 , , , 34457 4370 3626 176 176 CD 34457 4370 3627 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3628 of of IN 34457 4370 3629 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 3630 in in IN 34457 4370 3631 liquids liquids NNP 34457 4370 3632 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4370 3633 binary binary NNP 34457 4370 3634 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4370 3635 , , , 34457 4370 3636 95 95 CD 34457 4370 3637 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3638 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3639 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3640 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4370 3641 ternary ternary NNP 34457 4370 3642 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4370 3643 , , , 34457 4370 3644 240 240 CD 34457 4370 3645 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3646 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3647 , , , 34457 4370 3648 influence influence NN 34457 4370 3649 of of IN 34457 4370 3650 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 3651 on on IN 34457 4370 3652 , , , 34457 4370 3653 247 247 CD 34457 4370 3654 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3655 of of IN 34457 4370 3656 solids solid NNS 34457 4370 3657 in in IN 34457 4370 3658 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4370 3659 , , , 34457 4370 3660 106 106 CD 34457 4370 3661 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3662 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3663 in in IN 34457 4370 3664 solids solid NNS 34457 4370 3665 , , , 34457 4370 3666 180 180 CD 34457 4370 3667 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3668 , , , 34457 4370 3669 solid solid JJ 34457 4370 3670 , , , 34457 4370 3671 175 175 CD 34457 4370 3672 , , , 34457 4370 3673 180 180 CD 34457 4370 3674 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3675 , , , 34457 4370 3676 univariant univariant JJ 34457 4370 3677 systems system NNS 34457 4370 3678 , , , 34457 4370 3679 127 127 CD 34457 4370 3680 Space space NN 34457 4370 3681 model model NN 34457 4370 3682 for for IN 34457 4370 3683 carnallite carnallite JJ 34457 4370 3684 , , , 34457 4370 3685 284 284 CD 34457 4370 3686 Stability stability NN 34457 4370 3687 limit limit NN 34457 4370 3688 , , , 34457 4370 3689 202 202 CD 34457 4370 3690 Steel steel NN 34457 4370 3691 , , , 34457 4370 3692 formation formation NN 34457 4370 3693 of of IN 34457 4370 3694 , , , 34457 4370 3695 223 223 CD 34457 4370 3696 Sublimation sublimation NN 34457 4370 3697 curve curve NN 34457 4370 3698 , , , 34457 4370 3699 63 63 CD 34457 4370 3700 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3701 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3702 of of IN 34457 4370 3703 ice ice NN 34457 4370 3704 , , , 34457 4370 3705 24 24 CD 34457 4370 3706 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3707 without without IN 34457 4370 3708 fusion fusion NN 34457 4370 3709 , , , 34457 4370 3710 65 65 CD 34457 4370 3711 Succinic succinic JJ 34457 4370 3712 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 4370 3713 and and CC 34457 4370 3714 water water NN 34457 4370 3715 , , , 34457 4370 3716 122 122 CD 34457 4370 3717 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3718 ether ether NN 34457 4370 3719 , , , 34457 4370 3720 water water NN 34457 4370 3721 , , , 34457 4370 3722 252 252 CD 34457 4370 3723 Sulphur Sulphur NNP 34457 4370 3724 , , , 34457 4370 3725 33 33 CD 34457 4370 3726 , , , 34457 4370 3727 34 34 CD 34457 4370 3728 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3729 dioxide dioxide NN 34457 4370 3730 and and CC 34457 4370 3731 water water NN 34457 4370 3732 , , , 34457 4370 3733 169 169 CD 34457 4370 3734 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3735 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3736 and and CC 34457 4370 3737 potassium potassium NN 34457 4370 3738 iodide iodide NN 34457 4370 3739 , , , 34457 4370 3740 158 158 CD 34457 4370 3741 ---- ---- NNS 34457 4370 3742 , , , 34457 4370 3743 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3744 point point NN 34457 4370 3745 of of IN 34457 4370 3746 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4370 3747 and and CC 34457 4370 3748 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4370 3749 , , , 34457 4370 3750 36 36 CD 34457 4370 3751 Supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 4370 3752 , , , 34457 4370 3753 113 113 CD 34457 4370 3754 , , , 34457 4370 3755 114 114 CD 34457 4370 3756 , , , 34457 4370 3757 124 124 CD 34457 4370 3758 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3759 , , , 34457 4370 3760 limits limit NNS 34457 4370 3761 of of IN 34457 4370 3762 , , , 34457 4370 3763 114 114 CD 34457 4370 3764 Systems system NNS 34457 4370 3765 , , , 34457 4370 3766 condensed condense VBN 34457 4370 3767 , , , 34457 4370 3768 36 36 CD 34457 4370 3769 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3770 of of IN 34457 4370 3771 one one CD 34457 4370 3772 component component NN 34457 4370 3773 , , , 34457 4370 3774 21 21 CD 34457 4370 3775 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3776 of of IN 34457 4370 3777 two two CD 34457 4370 3778 components component NNS 34457 4370 3779 , , , 34457 4370 3780 76 76 CD 34457 4370 3781 , , , 34457 4370 3782 77 77 CD 34457 4370 3783 , , , 34457 4370 3784 207 207 CD 34457 4370 3785 T t NN 34457 4370 3786 Tachydrite tachydrite NN 34457 4370 3787 , , , 34457 4370 3788 influence influence NN 34457 4370 3789 of of IN 34457 4370 3790 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3791 on on IN 34457 4370 3792 the the DT 34457 4370 3793 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3794 point point NN 34457 4370 3795 of of IN 34457 4370 3796 , , , 34457 4370 3797 263 263 CD 34457 4370 3798 Tartrate Tartrate NNP 34457 4370 3799 , , , 34457 4370 3800 dimethyl dimethyl NN 34457 4370 3801 , , , 34457 4370 3802 217 217 CD 34457 4370 3803 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3804 , , , 34457 4370 3805 sodium sodium NN 34457 4370 3806 potassium potassium NN 34457 4370 3807 , , , 34457 4370 3808 259 259 CD 34457 4370 3809 Tautomeric tautomeric JJ 34457 4370 3810 substances substance NNS 34457 4370 3811 , , , 34457 4370 3812 195 195 CD 34457 4370 3813 Tensimeter Tensimeter NNP 34457 4370 3814 , , , 34457 4370 3815 91 91 CD 34457 4370 3816 Thallium thallium NN 34457 4370 3817 nitrate nitrate JJ 34457 4370 3818 and and CC 34457 4370 3819 potassium potassium NN 34457 4370 3820 nitrate nitrate NNP 34457 4370 3821 , , , 34457 4370 3822 192 192 CD 34457 4370 3823 Theorem theorem NN 34457 4370 3824 of of IN 34457 4370 3825 van't van't JJ 34457 4370 3826 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4370 3827 and and CC 34457 4370 3828 Le Le NNP 34457 4370 3829 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 4370 3830 , , , 34457 4370 3831 57 57 CD 34457 4370 3832 Thermometric thermometric JJ 34457 4370 3833 determination determination NN 34457 4370 3834 of of IN 34457 4370 3835 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3836 point point NN 34457 4370 3837 , , , 34457 4370 3838 337 337 CD 34457 4370 3839 Tin tin NN 34457 4370 3840 , , , 34457 4370 3841 41 41 CD 34457 4370 3842 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3843 , , , 34457 4370 3844 lead lead NNP 34457 4370 3845 , , , 34457 4370 3846 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 4370 3847 , , , 34457 4370 3848 255 255 CD 34457 4370 3849 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3850 plague plague NN 34457 4370 3851 , , , 34457 4370 3852 43 43 CD 34457 4370 3853 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3854 , , , 34457 4370 3855 transition transition NN 34457 4370 3856 point point NN 34457 4370 3857 of of IN 34457 4370 3858 white white JJ 34457 4370 3859 and and CC 34457 4370 3860 grey grey JJ 34457 4370 3861 , , , 34457 4370 3862 41 41 CD 34457 4370 3863 _ _ NNP 34457 4370 3864 p_-Toluidine p_-Toluidine NNP 34457 4370 3865 and and CC 34457 4370 3866 _ _ NNP 34457 4370 3867 o_-nitrophenol o_-nitrophenol NNP 34457 4370 3868 , , , 34457 4370 3869 213 213 CD 34457 4370 3870 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3871 and and CC 34457 4370 3872 phenol phenol NN 34457 4370 3873 , , , 34457 4370 3874 214 214 CD 34457 4370 3875 Transformation Transformation NNP 34457 4370 3876 of of IN 34457 4370 3877 optically optically RB 34457 4370 3878 active active JJ 34457 4370 3879 substances substance NNS 34457 4370 3880 , , , 34457 4370 3881 220 220 CD 34457 4370 3882 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3883 , , , 34457 4370 3884 suspended suspend VBN 34457 4370 3885 , , , 34457 4370 3886 37 37 CD 34457 4370 3887 , , , 34457 4370 3888 69 69 CD 34457 4370 3889 , , , 34457 4370 3890 89 89 CD 34457 4370 3891 , , , 34457 4370 3892 113 113 CD 34457 4370 3893 , , , 34457 4370 3894 137 137 CD 34457 4370 3895 , , , 34457 4370 3896 155 155 CD 34457 4370 3897 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3898 , , , 34457 4370 3899 velocity velocity NN 34457 4370 3900 of of IN 34457 4370 3901 , , , 34457 4370 3902 70 70 CD 34457 4370 3903 Transition transition NN 34457 4370 3904 curve curve NN 34457 4370 3905 , , , 34457 4370 3906 66 66 CD 34457 4370 3907 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3908 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3909 of of IN 34457 4370 3910 Glauber Glauber NNP 34457 4370 3911 's 's POS 34457 4370 3912 salt salt NN 34457 4370 3913 , , , 34457 4370 3914 68 68 CD 34457 4370 3915 , , , 34457 4370 3916 140 140 CD 34457 4370 3917 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3918 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3919 of of IN 34457 4370 3920 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4370 3921 and and CC 34457 4370 3922 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4370 3923 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 4370 3924 , , , 34457 4370 3925 37 37 CD 34457 4370 3926 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3927 interval interval NN 34457 4370 3928 , , , 34457 4370 3929 270 270 CD 34457 4370 3930 , , , 34457 4370 3931 277 277 CD 34457 4370 3932 , , , 34457 4370 3933 315 315 CD 34457 4370 3934 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 3935 point point NN 34457 4370 3936 , , , 34457 4370 3937 34 34 CD 34457 4370 3938 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3939 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3940 for for IN 34457 4370 3941 double double JJ 34457 4370 3942 salts salt NNS 34457 4370 3943 , , , 34457 4370 3944 258 258 CD 34457 4370 3945 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3946 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3947 , , , 34457 4370 3948 influence influence NN 34457 4370 3949 of of IN 34457 4370 3950 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 3951 on on IN 34457 4370 3952 the the DT 34457 4370 3953 , , , 34457 4370 3954 68 68 CD 34457 4370 3955 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 3956 points point NNS 34457 4370 3957 , , , 34457 4370 3958 as as IN 34457 4370 3959 fixed fix VBN 34457 4370 3960 points point NNS 34457 4370 3961 in in IN 34457 4370 3962 thermometry thermometry NN 34457 4370 3963 , , , 34457 4370 3964 140 140 CD 34457 4370 3965 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 3966 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3967 , , , 34457 4370 3968 methods method NNS 34457 4370 3969 of of IN 34457 4370 3970 determining determine VBG 34457 4370 3971 , , , 34457 4370 3972 331 331 CD 34457 4370 3973 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3974 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3975 of of IN 34457 4370 3976 polymorphic polymorphic JJ 34457 4370 3977 substances substance NNS 34457 4370 3978 , , , 34457 4370 3979 63 63 CD 34457 4370 3980 Triangle Triangle NNP 34457 4370 3981 , , , 34457 4370 3982 graphic graphic JJ 34457 4370 3983 representation representation NN 34457 4370 3984 by by IN 34457 4370 3985 , , , 34457 4370 3986 235 235 CD 34457 4370 3987 Triethylamine triethylamine NN 34457 4370 3988 and and CC 34457 4370 3989 water water NN 34457 4370 3990 , , , 34457 4370 3991 101 101 CD 34457 4370 3992 Triple triple JJ 34457 4370 3993 point point NN 34457 4370 3994 , , , 34457 4370 3995 27 27 CD 34457 4370 3996 , , , 34457 4370 3997 55 55 CD 34457 4370 3998 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 3999 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4000 , , , 34457 4370 4001 arrangement arrangement NN 34457 4370 4002 of of IN 34457 4370 4003 curves curve NNS 34457 4370 4004 round round RB 34457 4370 4005 , , , 34457 4370 4006 56 56 CD 34457 4370 4007 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4008 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4009 , , , 34457 4370 4010 changes change VBZ 34457 4370 4011 at at IN 34457 4370 4012 , , , 34457 4370 4013 58 58 CD 34457 4370 4014 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4015 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4016 , , , 34457 4370 4017 ice ice NN 34457 4370 4018 , , , 34457 4370 4019 water water NN 34457 4370 4020 , , , 34457 4370 4021 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4022 , , , 34457 4370 4023 27 27 CD 34457 4370 4024 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4025 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4026 , , , 34457 4370 4027 ice ice NN 34457 4370 4028 II II NNP 34457 4370 4029 . . NNP 34457 4370 4030 , , , 34457 4370 4031 ice ice NN 34457 4370 4032 III III NNP 34457 4370 4033 . . NN 34457 4370 4034 , , , 34457 4370 4035 and and CC 34457 4370 4036 water water NN 34457 4370 4037 , , , 34457 4370 4038 33 33 CD 34457 4370 4039 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 4040 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 4041 , , , 34457 4370 4042 metastable metastable JJ 34457 4370 4043 , , , 34457 4370 4044 38 38 CD 34457 4370 4045 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4046 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4047 , , , 34457 4370 4048 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4370 4049 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 4370 4050 , , , 34457 4370 4051 liquid liquid NN 34457 4370 4052 , , , 34457 4370 4053 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4054 , , , 34457 4370 4055 38 38 CD 34457 4370 4056 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4057 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4058 , , , 34457 4370 4059 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4370 4060 and and CC 34457 4370 4061 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4370 4062 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 4370 4063 , , , 34457 4370 4064 liquid liquid NNP 34457 4370 4065 , , , 34457 4370 4066 38 38 CD 34457 4370 4067 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4068 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4069 , , , 34457 4370 4070 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4370 4071 and and CC 34457 4370 4072 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4370 4073 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 4370 4074 , , , 34457 4370 4075 vapour vapour NNP 34457 4370 4076 , , , 34457 4370 4077 34 34 CD 34457 4370 4078 { { -LRB- 34457 4370 4079 350 350 CD 34457 4370 4080 } } -RRB- 34457 4370 4081 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4082 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4083 , , , 34457 4370 4084 red red JJ 34457 4370 4085 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 4370 4086 , , , 34457 4370 4087 liquid liquid NN 34457 4370 4088 , , , 34457 4370 4089 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4090 , , , 34457 4370 4091 47 47 CD 34457 4370 4092 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4093 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4094 , , , 34457 4370 4095 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4370 4096 sulphur sulphur NNP 34457 4370 4097 , , , 34457 4370 4098 liquid liquid NN 34457 4370 4099 , , , 34457 4370 4100 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4101 , , , 34457 4370 4102 38 38 CD 34457 4370 4103 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4104 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4105 solid solid JJ 34457 4370 4106 , , , 34457 4370 4107 solid solid JJ 34457 4370 4108 , , , 34457 4370 4109 vapour vapour RB 34457 4370 4110 , , , 34457 4370 4111 62 62 CD 34457 4370 4112 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4113 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4114 , , , 34457 4370 4115 white white JJ 34457 4370 4116 phosphorus phosphorus NN 34457 4370 4117 , , , 34457 4370 4118 liquid liquid NN 34457 4370 4119 , , , 34457 4370 4120 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4121 , , , 34457 4370 4122 48 48 CD 34457 4370 4123 U U NNP 34457 4370 4124 Univariant Univariant NNP 34457 4370 4125 systems system NNS 34457 4370 4126 , , , 34457 4370 4127 16 16 CD 34457 4370 4128 V v NN 34457 4370 4129 Van't Van't NNP 34457 4370 4130 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4370 4131 , , , 34457 4370 4132 theorem theorem NN 34457 4370 4133 of of IN 34457 4370 4134 , , , 34457 4370 4135 57 57 CD 34457 4370 4136 Vaporization vaporization NN 34457 4370 4137 curve curve NN 34457 4370 4138 , , , 34457 4370 4139 63 63 CD 34457 4370 4140 ---- ---- SYM 34457 4370 4141 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 4142 , , , 34457 4370 4143 interpolation interpolation NN 34457 4370 4144 and and CC 34457 4370 4145 extrapolation extrapolation NN 34457 4370 4146 of of IN 34457 4370 4147 , , , 34457 4370 4148 66 66 CD 34457 4370 4149 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4150 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4151 of of IN 34457 4370 4152 water water NN 34457 4370 4153 , , , 34457 4370 4154 21 21 CD 34457 4370 4155 , , , 34457 4370 4156 23 23 CD 34457 4370 4157 Vapour Vapour NNP 34457 4370 4158 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 4159 , , , 34457 4370 4160 constancy constancy NN 34457 4370 4161 of of IN 34457 4370 4162 , , , 34457 4370 4163 and and CC 34457 4370 4164 formation formation NN 34457 4370 4165 of of IN 34457 4370 4166 compounds compound NNS 34457 4370 4167 , , , 34457 4370 4168 90 90 CD 34457 4370 4169 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4170 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4171 , , , 34457 4370 4172 dependence dependence NN 34457 4370 4173 of of IN 34457 4370 4174 , , , 34457 4370 4175 on on IN 34457 4370 4176 solid solid JJ 34457 4370 4177 phase phase NN 34457 4370 4178 , , , 34457 4370 4179 88 88 CD 34457 4370 4180 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4181 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4182 , , , 34457 4370 4183 influence influence NN 34457 4370 4184 of of IN 34457 4370 4185 surface surface NN 34457 4370 4186 tension tension NN 34457 4370 4187 on on IN 34457 4370 4188 , , , 34457 4370 4189 2 2 CD 34457 4370 4190 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4191 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4192 in in IN 34457 4370 4193 three three CD 34457 4370 4194 - - HYPH 34457 4370 4195 component component NN 34457 4370 4196 systems system NNS 34457 4370 4197 , , , 34457 4370 4198 261 261 CD 34457 4370 4199 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4200 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 4201 , , , 34457 4370 4202 measurement measurement NN 34457 4370 4203 of of IN 34457 4370 4204 , , , 34457 4370 4205 91 91 CD 34457 4370 4206 , , , 34457 4370 4207 334 334 CD 34457 4370 4208 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 4209 ---- ---- NN 34457 4370 4210 of of IN 34457 4370 4211 calcium calcium NN 34457 4370 4212 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 4213 solutions solution NNS 34457 4370 4214 , , , 34457 4370 4215 150 150 CD 34457 4370 4216 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4217 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4218 of of IN 34457 4370 4219 ice ice NN 34457 4370 4220 , , , 34457 4370 4221 25 25 CD 34457 4370 4222 , , , 34457 4370 4223 31 31 CD 34457 4370 4224 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4225 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4226 of of IN 34457 4370 4227 small small JJ 34457 4370 4228 drops drop NNS 34457 4370 4229 , , , 34457 4370 4230 10 10 CD 34457 4370 4231 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4232 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4233 of of IN 34457 4370 4234 sodium sodium NN 34457 4370 4235 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 4370 4236 and and CC 34457 4370 4237 water water NN 34457 4370 4238 , , , 34457 4370 4239 138 138 CD 34457 4370 4240 Vapour vapour JJ 34457 4370 4241 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 4242 of of IN 34457 4370 4243 solid solid JJ 34457 4370 4244 , , , 34457 4370 4245 solution solution NN 34457 4370 4246 , , , 34457 4370 4247 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4248 , , , 34457 4370 4249 126 126 CD 34457 4370 4250 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4251 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4252 of of IN 34457 4370 4253 water water NN 34457 4370 4254 , , , 34457 4370 4255 21 21 CD 34457 4370 4256 , , , 34457 4370 4257 31 31 CD 34457 4370 4258 Variability variability NN 34457 4370 4259 of of IN 34457 4370 4260 a a DT 34457 4370 4261 system system NN 34457 4370 4262 , , , 34457 4370 4263 14 14 CD 34457 4370 4264 , , , 34457 4370 4265 16 16 CD 34457 4370 4266 Variance variance NN 34457 4370 4267 of of IN 34457 4370 4268 a a DT 34457 4370 4269 system system NN 34457 4370 4270 , , , 34457 4370 4271 16 16 CD 34457 4370 4272 Volatile volatile JJ 34457 4370 4273 components component NNS 34457 4370 4274 , , , 34457 4370 4275 two two CD 34457 4370 4276 , , , 34457 4370 4277 161 161 CD 34457 4370 4278 W W NNP 34457 4370 4279 Water Water NNP 34457 4370 4280 , , , 34457 4370 4281 21 21 CD 34457 4370 4282 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4283 , , , 34457 4370 4284 acetic acetic JJ 34457 4370 4285 acid acid NN 34457 4370 4286 , , , 34457 4370 4287 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 4370 4288 , , , 34457 4370 4289 241 241 CD 34457 4370 4290 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4291 , , , 34457 4370 4292 acetone acetone NN 34457 4370 4293 , , , 34457 4370 4294 phenol phenol NN 34457 4370 4295 , , , 34457 4370 4296 248 248 CD 34457 4370 4297 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4298 , , , 34457 4370 4299 alcohol alcohol NN 34457 4370 4300 , , , 34457 4370 4301 ether ether NN 34457 4370 4302 , , , 34457 4370 4303 246 246 CD 34457 4370 4304 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4305 , , , 34457 4370 4306 ---- ---- XX 34457 4370 4307 , , , 34457 4370 4308 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 4370 4309 , , , 34457 4370 4310 246 246 CD 34457 4370 4311 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4312 , , , 34457 4370 4313 aniline aniline NN 34457 4370 4314 , , , 34457 4370 4315 phenol phenol NN 34457 4370 4316 , , , 34457 4370 4317 250 250 CD 34457 4370 4318 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4319 , , , 34457 4370 4320 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 4370 4321 systems system NNS 34457 4370 4322 of of IN 34457 4370 4323 , , , 34457 4370 4324 29 29 CD 34457 4370 4325 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4326 , , , 34457 4370 4327 critical critical JJ 34457 4370 4328 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 4329 of of IN 34457 4370 4330 , , , 34457 4370 4331 23 23 CD 34457 4370 4332 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4333 , , , 34457 4370 4334 critical critical JJ 34457 4370 4335 temperature temperature NN 34457 4370 4336 of of IN 34457 4370 4337 , , , 34457 4370 4338 23 23 CD 34457 4370 4339 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4340 , , , 34457 4370 4341 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4370 4342 between between IN 34457 4370 4343 ice ice NN 34457 4370 4344 and and CC 34457 4370 4345 , , , 34457 4370 4346 25 25 CD 34457 4370 4347 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4348 , , , 34457 4370 4349 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4350 between between IN 34457 4370 4351 vapour vapour NN 34457 4370 4352 and and CC 34457 4370 4353 , , , 34457 4370 4354 21 21 CD 34457 4370 4355 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4356 , , , 34457 4370 4357 ether ether NN 34457 4370 4358 , , , 34457 4370 4359 succinic succinic JJ 34457 4370 4360 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 4370 4361 , , , 34457 4370 4362 252 252 CD 34457 4370 4363 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4364 , , , 34457 4370 4365 supercooled supercoole VBD 34457 4370 4366 , , , 34457 4370 4367 30 30 CD 34457 4370 4368 ---- ---- CD 34457 4370 4369 , , , 34457 4370 4370 ---- ---- FW 34457 4370 4371 , , , 34457 4370 4372 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4370 4373 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 4374 of of IN 34457 4370 4375 , , , 34457 4370 4376 31 31 CD 34457 4370 4377 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4378 , , , 34457 4370 4379 vaporization vaporization NN 34457 4370 4380 curve curve NN 34457 4370 4381 of of IN 34457 4370 4382 , , , 34457 4370 4383 21 21 CD 34457 4370 4384 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4385 , , , 34457 4370 4386 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4370 4387 pressure pressure NN 34457 4370 4388 of of IN 34457 4370 4389 , , , 34457 4370 4390 23 23 CD 34457 4370 4391 Z z NN 34457 4370 4392 Zeolites zeolite NNS 34457 4370 4393 , , , 34457 4370 4394 176 176 CD 34457 4370 4395 Zinc Zinc NNP 34457 4370 4396 , , , 34457 4370 4397 lead lead NN 34457 4370 4398 , , , 34457 4370 4399 silver silver NN 34457 4370 4400 , , , 34457 4370 4401 246 246 CD 34457 4370 4402 ---- ---- NFP 34457 4370 4403 chloride chloride NN 34457 4370 4404 in in IN 34457 4370 4405 water water NN 34457 4370 4406 , , , 34457 4370 4407 solubility solubility NN 34457 4370 4408 of of IN 34457 4370 4409 , , , 34457 4370 4410 157 157 CD 34457 4370 4411 THE the DT 34457 4370 4412 END END NNP 34457 4370 4413 PRINTED print VBN 34457 4370 4414 BY by IN 34457 4370 4415 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 34457 4370 4416 CLOWES CLOWES NNP 34457 4370 4417 AND and CC 34457 4370 4418 SONS SONS NNP 34457 4370 4419 , , , 34457 4370 4420 LIMITED LIMITED NNP 34457 4370 4421 , , , 34457 4370 4422 LONDON LONDON NNP 34457 4370 4423 AND and CC 34457 4370 4424 BECCLES beccle NNS 34457 4370 4425 . . . 34457 4371 1 * * NFP 34457 4371 2 * * NFP 34457 4371 3 * * NFP 34457 4371 4 * * NFP 34457 4371 5 * * NFP 34457 4371 6 NOTES note NNS 34457 4371 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4371 8 1 1 CD 34457 4371 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4371 10 Except except IN 34457 4371 11 when when WRB 34457 4371 12 the the DT 34457 4371 13 volume volume NN 34457 4371 14 of of IN 34457 4371 15 the the DT 34457 4371 16 liquid liquid NN 34457 4371 17 becomes become VBZ 34457 4371 18 exceedingly exceedingly RB 34457 4371 19 small small JJ 34457 4371 20 , , , 34457 4371 21 in in IN 34457 4371 22 which which WDT 34457 4371 23 case case NN 34457 4371 24 the the DT 34457 4371 25 surface surface NN 34457 4371 26 tension tension NN 34457 4371 27 exerts exert VBZ 34457 4371 28 an an DT 34457 4371 29 influence influence NN 34457 4371 30 on on IN 34457 4371 31 the the DT 34457 4371 32 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4371 33 pressure pressure NN 34457 4371 34 . . . 34457 4372 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4372 2 2 2 CD 34457 4372 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4372 4 For for IN 34457 4372 5 reasons reason NNS 34457 4372 6 which which WDT 34457 4372 7 will will MD 34457 4372 8 appear appear VB 34457 4372 9 later later RB 34457 4372 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4372 11 Chap Chap NNP 34457 4372 12 . . . 34457 4373 1 IV IV NNP 34457 4373 2 . . . 34457 4374 1 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4374 2 , , , 34457 4374 3 the the DT 34457 4374 4 volume volume NN 34457 4374 5 of of IN 34457 4374 6 the the DT 34457 4374 7 vapour vapour NN 34457 4374 8 is be VBZ 34457 4374 9 supposed suppose VBN 34457 4374 10 to to TO 34457 4374 11 be be VB 34457 4374 12 large large JJ 34457 4374 13 in in IN 34457 4374 14 comparison comparison NN 34457 4374 15 with with IN 34457 4374 16 that that DT 34457 4374 17 of of IN 34457 4374 18 the the DT 34457 4374 19 solid solid JJ 34457 4374 20 and and CC 34457 4374 21 liquid liquid JJ 34457 4374 22 . . . 34457 4375 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4375 2 3 3 LS 34457 4375 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4375 4 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4375 5 and and CC 34457 4375 6 Young Young NNP 34457 4375 7 , , , 34457 4375 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4375 9 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4375 10 . . . 34457 4376 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4376 2 . . . 34457 4376 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4376 4 , , , 34457 4376 5 1886 1886 CD 34457 4376 6 , , , 34457 4376 7 177 177 CD 34457 4376 8 . . . 34457 4377 1 87 87 CD 34457 4377 2 . . . 34457 4378 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4378 2 4 4 LS 34457 4378 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4378 4 See see VB 34457 4378 5 , , , 34457 4378 6 more more RBR 34457 4378 7 especially especially RB 34457 4378 8 , , , 34457 4378 9 Vogt Vogt NNP 34457 4378 10 , , , 34457 4378 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4378 12 Die Die NNP 34457 4378 13 Silikatschmelzlösungen Silikatschmelzlösungen NNP 34457 4378 14 _ _ NNP 34457 4378 15 . . . 34457 4379 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4379 2 Christiania Christiania NNP 34457 4379 3 , , , 34457 4379 4 1903 1903 CD 34457 4379 5 , , , 34457 4379 6 1904 1904 CD 34457 4379 7 . . . 34457 4379 8 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4380 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4380 2 5 5 CD 34457 4380 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4380 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4380 5 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4380 6 . . . 34457 4381 1 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 34457 4381 2 Acad Acad NNP 34457 4381 3 . . . 34457 4381 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4381 5 , , , 34457 4381 6 1874 1874 CD 34457 4381 7 - - SYM 34457 4381 8 1878 1878 CD 34457 4381 9 . . . 34457 4382 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4382 2 6 6 CD 34457 4382 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4382 4 Lehre Lehre NNP 34457 4382 5 von von NNP 34457 4382 6 der der NN 34457 4382 7 chemischen chemischen NNP 34457 4382 8 Verwandtschaft Verwandtschaft NNP 34457 4382 9 der der IN 34457 4382 10 Körper Körper NNP 34457 4382 11 , , , 34457 4382 12 1777 1777 CD 34457 4382 13 . . . 34457 4383 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4383 2 7 7 LS 34457 4383 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4383 4 See See NNP 34457 4383 5 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4383 6 's 's POS 34457 4383 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4383 8 Klassiker Klassiker NNP 34457 4383 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4383 10 , , , 34457 4383 11 No no UH 34457 4383 12 . . . 34457 4384 1 74 74 CD 34457 4384 2 . . . 34457 4385 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4385 2 8 8 CD 34457 4385 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4385 4 Etudes etude NNS 34457 4385 5 sur sur FW 34457 4385 6 les les FW 34457 4385 7 affinità affinità NNP 34457 4385 8 © © NNP 34457 4385 9 s s POS 34457 4385 10 chimiques chimique NNS 34457 4385 11 , , , 34457 4385 12 1867 1867 CD 34457 4385 13 ; ; : 34457 4385 14 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4385 15 's 's POS 34457 4385 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4385 17 Klassiker Klassiker NNP 34457 4385 18 _ _ NNP 34457 4385 19 , , , 34457 4385 20 No no UH 34457 4385 21 . . . 34457 4386 1 104 104 CD 34457 4386 2 . . . 34457 4387 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4387 2 9 9 CD 34457 4387 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4387 4 Died die VBN 34457 4387 5 April April NNP 34457 4387 6 , , , 34457 4387 7 1903 1903 CD 34457 4387 8 . . . 34457 4388 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4388 2 10 10 CD 34457 4388 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4388 4 For for IN 34457 4388 5 a a DT 34457 4388 6 mathematical mathematical JJ 34457 4388 7 treatment treatment NN 34457 4388 8 of of IN 34457 4388 9 the the DT 34457 4388 10 Phase Phase NNP 34457 4388 11 Rule Rule NNP 34457 4388 12 the the DT 34457 4388 13 reader reader NN 34457 4388 14 is be VBZ 34457 4388 15 referred refer VBN 34457 4388 16 to to IN 34457 4388 17 the the DT 34457 4388 18 volume volume NN 34457 4388 19 in in IN 34457 4388 20 this this DT 34457 4388 21 series series NN 34457 4388 22 on on IN 34457 4388 23 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNP 34457 4388 24 , , , 34457 4388 25 by by IN 34457 4388 26 F. F. NNP 34457 4388 27 G. G. NNP 34457 4388 28 Donnan Donnan NNP 34457 4388 29 . . . 34457 4389 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4389 2 11 11 CD 34457 4389 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4389 4 Liebig Liebig NNP 34457 4389 5 's 's POS 34457 4389 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4389 7 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4389 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4389 9 , , , 34457 4389 10 1873 1873 CD 34457 4389 11 , , , 34457 4389 12 170 170 CD 34457 4389 13 , , , 34457 4389 14 192 192 CD 34457 4389 15 ; ; : 34457 4389 16 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4389 17 , , , 34457 4389 18 _ _ NNP 34457 4389 19 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4389 20 _ _ NNP 34457 4389 21 , , , 34457 4389 22 II II NNP 34457 4389 23 . . . 34457 4390 1 2 2 LS 34457 4390 2 . . . 34457 4391 1 111 111 CD 34457 4391 2 . . . 34457 4392 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4392 2 12 12 CD 34457 4392 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4392 4 The the DT 34457 4392 5 action action NN 34457 4392 6 of of IN 34457 4392 7 gravity gravity NN 34457 4392 8 and and CC 34457 4392 9 other other JJ 34457 4392 10 forces force NNS 34457 4392 11 being be VBG 34457 4392 12 excluded exclude VBN 34457 4392 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4392 14 see see VB 34457 4392 15 p. p. NN 34457 4392 16 5 5 CD 34457 4392 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4392 18 . . . 34457 4393 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4393 2 13 13 CD 34457 4393 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4393 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4393 5 may may MD 34457 4393 6 seem seem VB 34457 4393 7 as as IN 34457 4393 8 if if IN 34457 4393 9 this this DT 34457 4393 10 were be VBD 34457 4393 11 a a DT 34457 4393 12 contradiction contradiction NN 34457 4393 13 to to IN 34457 4393 14 what what WP 34457 4393 15 was be VBD 34457 4393 16 said say VBN 34457 4393 17 on on IN 34457 4393 18 p. p. NN 34457 4393 19 4 4 CD 34457 4393 20 as as IN 34457 4393 21 to to IN 34457 4393 22 the the DT 34457 4393 23 effect effect NN 34457 4393 24 of of IN 34457 4393 25 the the DT 34457 4393 26 addition addition NN 34457 4393 27 of of IN 34457 4393 28 ammonia ammonia NNP 34457 4393 29 or or CC 34457 4393 30 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 4393 31 chloride chloride NN 34457 4393 32 to to IN 34457 4393 33 the the DT 34457 4393 34 system system NN 34457 4393 35 constituted constitute VBN 34457 4393 36 by by IN 34457 4393 37 solid solid JJ 34457 4393 38 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4393 39 chloride chloride NN 34457 4393 40 in in IN 34457 4393 41 contact contact NN 34457 4393 42 with with IN 34457 4393 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4393 44 products product NNS 34457 4393 45 of of IN 34457 4393 46 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 4393 47 . . . 34457 4394 1 There there EX 34457 4394 2 is be VBZ 34457 4394 3 , , , 34457 4394 4 however however RB 34457 4394 5 , , , 34457 4394 6 no no DT 34457 4394 7 contradiction contradiction NN 34457 4394 8 , , , 34457 4394 9 because because IN 34457 4394 10 in in IN 34457 4394 11 the the DT 34457 4394 12 case case NN 34457 4394 13 of of IN 34457 4394 14 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4394 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 4394 16 the the DT 34457 4394 17 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 4394 18 phase phase NN 34457 4394 19 consists consist VBZ 34457 4394 20 of of IN 34457 4394 21 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 4394 22 and and CC 34457 4394 23 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 4394 24 chloride chloride NN 34457 4394 25 in in IN 34457 4394 26 equal equal JJ 34457 4394 27 proportions proportion NNS 34457 4394 28 , , , 34457 4394 29 and and CC 34457 4394 30 in in IN 34457 4394 31 adding add VBG 34457 4394 32 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 4394 33 or or CC 34457 4394 34 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 4394 35 chloride chloride NN 34457 4394 36 alone alone RB 34457 4394 37 we -PRON- PRP 34457 4394 38 are be VBP 34457 4394 39 not not RB 34457 4394 40 adding add VBG 34457 4394 41 the the DT 34457 4394 42 gaseous gaseous JJ 34457 4394 43 phase phase NN 34457 4394 44 , , , 34457 4394 45 but but CC 34457 4394 46 only only RB 34457 4394 47 a a DT 34457 4394 48 constituent constituent NN 34457 4394 49 of of IN 34457 4394 50 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4394 51 . . . 34457 4395 1 Addition addition NN 34457 4395 2 of of IN 34457 4395 3 ammonia ammonia NN 34457 4395 4 and and CC 34457 4395 5 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 4395 6 chloride chloride NN 34457 4395 7 together together RB 34457 4395 8 in in IN 34457 4395 9 the the DT 34457 4395 10 proportions proportion NNS 34457 4395 11 in in IN 34457 4395 12 which which WDT 34457 4395 13 they -PRON- PRP 34457 4395 14 are be VBP 34457 4395 15 combined combine VBN 34457 4395 16 to to TO 34457 4395 17 form form VB 34457 4395 18 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 4395 19 chloride chloride NN 34457 4395 20 would would MD 34457 4395 21 cause cause VB 34457 4395 22 no no DT 34457 4395 23 change change NN 34457 4395 24 in in IN 34457 4395 25 the the DT 34457 4395 26 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4395 27 . . . 34457 4396 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4396 2 14 14 CD 34457 4396 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4396 4 The the DT 34457 4396 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4396 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 4396 7 of of IN 34457 4396 8 water water NN 34457 4396 9 in in IN 34457 4396 10 small small JJ 34457 4396 11 drops drop NNS 34457 4396 12 is be VBZ 34457 4396 13 greater great JJR 34457 4396 14 than than IN 34457 4396 15 that that DT 34457 4396 16 of of IN 34457 4396 17 water water NN 34457 4396 18 in in IN 34457 4396 19 mass mass NNP 34457 4396 20 , , , 34457 4396 21 and and CC 34457 4396 22 the the DT 34457 4396 23 solubility solubility NN 34457 4396 24 of of IN 34457 4396 25 a a DT 34457 4396 26 solid solid JJ 34457 4396 27 is be VBZ 34457 4396 28 greater great JJR 34457 4396 29 when when WRB 34457 4396 30 in in IN 34457 4396 31 a a DT 34457 4396 32 state state NN 34457 4396 33 of of IN 34457 4396 34 fine fine JJ 34457 4396 35 subdivision subdivision NN 34457 4396 36 than than IN 34457 4396 37 when when WRB 34457 4396 38 in in IN 34457 4396 39 large large JJ 34457 4396 40 pieces piece NNS 34457 4396 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4396 42 _ _ NNP 34457 4396 43 cf cf NNP 34457 4396 44 . . . 34457 4396 45 _ _ NNP 34457 4396 46 Hulett Hulett NNP 34457 4396 47 , , , 34457 4396 48 _ _ NNP 34457 4396 49 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4396 50 . . . 34457 4397 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4397 2 . . . 34457 4398 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4398 2 . . . 34457 4398 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4398 4 , , , 34457 4398 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 4398 6 , , , 34457 4398 7 37 37 CD 34457 4398 8 . . . 34457 4399 1 385 385 CD 34457 4399 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4399 3 . . . 34457 4400 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4400 2 15 15 CD 34457 4400 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4400 4 See See NNP 34457 4400 5 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4400 6 , , , 34457 4400 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4400 8 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4400 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4400 10 , , , 34457 4400 11 II II NNP 34457 4400 12 . . . 34457 4401 1 2 2 LS 34457 4401 2 . . . 34457 4402 1 476 476 CD 34457 4402 2 , , , 34457 4402 3 934 934 CD 34457 4402 4 ; ; : 34457 4402 5 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4402 6 , , , 34457 4402 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4402 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4402 9 . . . 34457 4403 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4403 2 . . . 34457 4404 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4404 2 . . . 34457 4404 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4404 4 , , , 34457 4404 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 4404 6 , , , 34457 4404 7 15 15 CD 34457 4404 8 . . . 34457 4405 1 150 150 CD 34457 4405 2 ; ; : 34457 4405 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4405 4 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4405 5 Gleichgewichte Gleichgewichte NNP 34457 4405 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4405 7 , , , 34457 4405 8 I. I. NNP 34457 4405 9 p. p. NN 34457 4405 10 16 16 CD 34457 4405 11 ; ; : 34457 4405 12 Wegscheider Wegscheider NNP 34457 4405 13 , , , 34457 4405 14 _ _ NNP 34457 4405 15 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4405 16 . . . 34457 4406 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4406 2 . . . 34457 4407 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4407 2 . . . 34457 4407 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4407 4 , , , 34457 4407 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 4407 6 , , , 34457 4407 7 43 43 CD 34457 4407 8 . . . 34457 4408 1 89 89 CD 34457 4408 2 . . . 34457 4409 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4409 2 16 16 CD 34457 4409 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4409 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4409 5 , , , 34457 4409 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4409 7 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4409 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4409 9 , , , 34457 4409 10 II II NNP 34457 4409 11 . . . 34457 4410 1 2 2 LS 34457 4410 2 . . . 34457 4411 1 478 478 LS 34457 4411 2 . . . 34457 4412 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4412 2 17 17 CD 34457 4412 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4412 4 See see VB 34457 4412 5 also also RB 34457 4412 6 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 4412 7 , , , 34457 4412 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4412 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4412 10 . . . 34457 4413 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4413 2 . . . 34457 4414 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4414 2 . . . 34457 4414 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4414 4 1895 1895 CD 34457 4414 5 , , , 34457 4414 6 17 17 CD 34457 4414 7 . . . 34457 4415 1 651 651 CD 34457 4415 2 . . . 34457 4416 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4416 2 18 18 CD 34457 4416 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4416 4 The the DT 34457 4416 5 term term NN 34457 4416 6 " " `` 34457 4416 7 degree degree NN 34457 4416 8 of of IN 34457 4416 9 freedom freedom NN 34457 4416 10 " " '' 34457 4416 11 employed employ VBN 34457 4416 12 here here RB 34457 4416 13 must must MD 34457 4416 14 not not RB 34457 4416 15 be be VB 34457 4416 16 confused confuse VBN 34457 4416 17 with with IN 34457 4416 18 the the DT 34457 4416 19 same same JJ 34457 4416 20 term term NN 34457 4416 21 used use VBN 34457 4416 22 to to TO 34457 4416 23 denote denote VB 34457 4416 24 the the DT 34457 4416 25 various various JJ 34457 4416 26 movements movement NNS 34457 4416 27 of of IN 34457 4416 28 a a DT 34457 4416 29 gas gas NN 34457 4416 30 molecule molecule NN 34457 4416 31 according accord VBG 34457 4416 32 to to IN 34457 4416 33 the the DT 34457 4416 34 kinetic kinetic JJ 34457 4416 35 theory theory NN 34457 4416 36 . . . 34457 4417 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4417 2 19 19 CD 34457 4417 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4417 4 Trevor Trevor NNP 34457 4417 5 , , , 34457 4417 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4417 7 Jour Jour NNP 34457 4417 8 . . . 34457 4418 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 4418 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4418 3 . . . 34457 4418 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4418 5 , , , 34457 4418 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 4418 7 , , , 34457 4418 8 6 6 CD 34457 4418 9 . . . 34457 4419 1 136 136 CD 34457 4419 2 . . . 34457 4420 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4420 2 20 20 CD 34457 4420 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4420 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4420 5 , , , 34457 4420 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4420 7 Principles Principles NNPS 34457 4420 8 of of IN 34457 4420 9 Inorganic Inorganic NNP 34457 4420 10 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 4420 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4420 12 , , , 34457 4420 13 translated translate VBN 34457 4420 14 by by IN 34457 4420 15 A. a. NN 34457 4420 16 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 4420 17 , , , 34457 4420 18 2nd 2nd JJ 34457 4420 19 edit edit NN 34457 4420 20 . . . 34457 4420 21 , , , 34457 4420 22 p. p. NN 34457 4420 23 7 7 CD 34457 4420 24 . . . 34457 4421 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4421 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 34457 4421 3 , , , 34457 4421 4 1904 1904 CD 34457 4421 5 . . . 34457 4421 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4422 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4422 2 21 21 CD 34457 4422 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4422 4 See see VB 34457 4422 5 the the DT 34457 4422 6 volume volume NN 34457 4422 7 in in IN 34457 4422 8 this this DT 34457 4422 9 series series NN 34457 4422 10 on on IN 34457 4422 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4422 12 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics NNP 34457 4422 13 _ _ NNP 34457 4422 14 by by IN 34457 4422 15 F. F. NNP 34457 4422 16 G. G. NNP 34457 4422 17 Donnan Donnan NNP 34457 4422 18 . . . 34457 4423 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4423 2 22 22 CD 34457 4423 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4423 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4423 5 Pogg Pogg NNP 34457 4423 6 . . . 34457 4424 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4424 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4424 3 , , , 34457 4424 4 1844 1844 CD 34457 4424 5 , , , 34457 4424 6 61 61 CD 34457 4424 7 . . . 34457 4425 1 225 225 CD 34457 4425 2 . . . 34457 4426 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4426 2 23 23 CD 34457 4426 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4426 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4426 5 Mà Mà NNP 34457 4426 6 © © NNP 34457 4426 7 moires moire VBZ 34457 4426 8 de de NNP 34457 4426 9 l'Acad l'Acad NNP 34457 4426 10 . . . 34457 4426 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4426 12 , , , 34457 4426 13 26 26 CD 34457 4426 14 . . . 34457 4427 1 751 751 CD 34457 4427 2 . . . 34457 4428 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4428 2 24 24 CD 34457 4428 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4428 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4428 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4428 6 . . . 34457 4429 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4429 2 . . . 34457 4429 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4429 4 1884 1884 CD 34457 4429 5 , , , 34457 4429 6 175 175 CD 34457 4429 7 . . . 34457 4430 1 461 461 CD 34457 4430 2 ; ; : 34457 4430 3 1892 1892 CD 34457 4430 4 , , , 34457 4430 5 A a NN 34457 4430 6 , , , 34457 4430 7 183 183 CD 34457 4430 8 . . . 34457 4431 1 107 107 CD 34457 4431 2 . . . 34457 4432 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4432 2 25 25 CD 34457 4432 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4432 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4432 5 Bihang Bihang NNP 34457 4432 6 Svenska Svenska NNP 34457 4432 7 Akad Akad NNP 34457 4432 8 . . . 34457 4433 1 Handl handl RB 34457 4433 2 . . . 34457 4433 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4433 4 1891 1891 CD 34457 4433 5 , , , 34457 4433 6 17 17 CD 34457 4433 7 . . . 34457 4434 1 I. I. NNP 34457 4435 1 1 1 LS 34457 4435 2 . . . 34457 4436 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4436 2 26 26 CD 34457 4436 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4436 4 Abh_andl Abh_andl NNP 34457 4436 5 . . . 34457 4437 1 physikal.-tech physikal.-tech NNP 34457 4437 2 . . . 34457 4438 1 Reichsanstalt Reichsanstalt NNP 34457 4438 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4438 3 , , , 34457 4438 4 1900 1900 CD 34457 4438 5 , , , 34457 4438 6 3 3 CD 34457 4438 7 . . . 34457 4439 1 71 71 CD 34457 4439 2 . . . 34457 4440 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4440 2 27 27 CD 34457 4440 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4440 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4440 5 - - HYPH 34457 4440 6 Luther Luther NNP 34457 4440 7 , , , 34457 4440 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4440 9 Physiko Physiko NNP 34457 4440 10 - - HYPH 34457 4440 11 chemische chemische NNP 34457 4440 12 Messungen Messungen NNP 34457 4440 13 _ _ NNP 34457 4440 14 , , , 34457 4440 15 2nd 2nd JJ 34457 4440 16 edit edit NN 34457 4440 17 . . . 34457 4440 18 , , , 34457 4440 19 p. p. NN 34457 4440 20 156 156 CD 34457 4440 21 . . . 34457 4441 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4441 2 28 28 CD 34457 4441 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4441 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4441 5 Annales Annales NNP 34457 4441 6 chim chim NN 34457 4441 7 . . . 34457 4442 1 et et FW 34457 4442 2 phys phys NN 34457 4442 3 . . . 34457 4442 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4442 5 , , , 34457 4442 6 1892 1892 CD 34457 4442 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4442 8 6 6 CD 34457 4442 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4442 10 , , , 34457 4442 11 26 26 CD 34457 4442 12 . . . 34457 4443 1 425 425 CD 34457 4443 2 . . . 34457 4444 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4444 2 29 29 CD 34457 4444 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4444 4 The the DT 34457 4444 5 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4444 6 pressure pressure NN 34457 4444 7 of of IN 34457 4444 8 water water NN 34457 4444 9 at at IN 34457 4444 10 0 0â NN 34457 4444 11 ° ° NNP 34457 4444 12 has have VBZ 34457 4444 13 recently recently RB 34457 4444 14 been be VBN 34457 4444 15 very very RB 34457 4444 16 accurately accurately RB 34457 4444 17 determined determine VBN 34457 4444 18 by by IN 34457 4444 19 Thiesen Thiesen NNP 34457 4444 20 and and CC 34457 4444 21 Scheel Scheel NNP 34457 4444 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4444 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4444 24 loc loc NN 34457 4444 25 . . . 34457 4445 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4445 2 . . . 34457 4445 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4445 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4445 5 , , , 34457 4445 6 and and CC 34457 4445 7 found find VBN 34457 4445 8 to to TO 34457 4445 9 be be VB 34457 4445 10 4.579 4.579 CD 34457 4445 11 ± â± CD 34457 4445 12 0.001 0.001 CD 34457 4445 13 mm mm NN 34457 4445 14 . . . 34457 4446 1 of of IN 34457 4446 2 mercury mercury NNP 34457 4446 3 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4446 4 at at IN 34457 4446 5 0 0 NNP 34457 4446 6 ° ° NNS 34457 4446 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4446 8 , , , 34457 4446 9 or or CC 34457 4446 10 equal equal JJ 34457 4446 11 to to IN 34457 4446 12 0.006025 0.006025 CD 34457 4446 13 atm atm NN 34457 4446 14 . . . 34457 4447 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4447 2 30 30 CD 34457 4447 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4447 4 Juhlin Juhlin NNP 34457 4447 5 , , , 34457 4447 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4447 7 Bihang Bihang NNP 34457 4447 8 Svenska Svenska NNP 34457 4447 9 Akad Akad NNP 34457 4447 10 . . . 34457 4448 1 Handl handl RB 34457 4448 2 . . . 34457 4448 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4448 4 , , , 34457 4448 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 4448 6 , , , 34457 4448 7 17 17 CD 34457 4448 8 . . . 34457 4449 1 I. I. NNP 34457 4450 1 58 58 CD 34457 4450 2 . . . 34457 4451 1 See see VB 34457 4451 2 also also RB 34457 4451 3 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4451 4 and and CC 34457 4451 5 Young Young NNP 34457 4451 6 , , , 34457 4451 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4451 8 loc loc NN 34457 4451 9 . . . 34457 4452 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4452 2 . . . 34457 4452 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4452 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4452 5 31 31 CD 34457 4452 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4452 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4452 8 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4452 9 . . . 34457 4453 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4453 2 . . . 34457 4454 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4454 2 . . . 34457 4455 1 Edin Edin NNP 34457 4455 2 . . . 34457 4455 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4455 4 , , , 34457 4455 5 1849 1849 CD 34457 4455 6 , , , 34457 4455 7 16 16 CD 34457 4455 8 . . . 34457 4456 1 575 575 CD 34457 4456 2 . . . 34457 4457 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4457 2 32 32 CD 34457 4457 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4457 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4457 5 Proc Proc NNP 34457 4457 6 . . . 34457 4458 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4458 2 . . . 34457 4459 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4459 2 . . . 34457 4460 1 Edin Edin NNP 34457 4460 2 . . . 34457 4460 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4460 4 , , , 34457 4460 5 1850 1850 CD 34457 4460 6 , , , 34457 4460 7 2 2 CD 34457 4460 8 , , , 34457 4460 9 267 267 CD 34457 4460 10 . . . 34457 4461 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4461 2 33 33 CD 34457 4461 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4461 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4461 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4461 6 der der IN 34457 4461 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4461 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4461 9 , , , 34457 4461 10 1899 1899 CD 34457 4461 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4461 12 3 3 CD 34457 4461 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4461 14 , , , 34457 4461 15 68 68 CD 34457 4461 16 . . . 34457 4462 1 564 564 CD 34457 4462 2 ; ; : 34457 4462 3 1900 1900 CD 34457 4462 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4462 5 4 4 CD 34457 4462 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4462 7 , , , 34457 4462 8 2 2 CD 34457 4462 9 . . . 34457 4463 1 1 1 CD 34457 4463 2 , , , 34457 4463 3 424 424 CD 34457 4463 4 . . . 34457 4464 1 See see VB 34457 4464 2 also also RB 34457 4464 3 Dewar Dewar NNP 34457 4464 4 , , , 34457 4464 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4464 6 Proc Proc NNP 34457 4464 7 . . . 34457 4465 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4465 2 . . . 34457 4466 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4466 2 . . . 34457 4466 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4466 4 , , , 34457 4466 5 1880 1880 CD 34457 4466 6 , , , 34457 4466 7 30 30 CD 34457 4466 8 . . . 34457 4467 1 533 533 CD 34457 4467 2 . . . 34457 4468 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4468 2 34 34 CD 34457 4468 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4468 4 The the DT 34457 4468 5 pressure pressure NN 34457 4468 6 of of IN 34457 4468 7 1 1 CD 34457 4468 8 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34457 4468 9 is be VBZ 34457 4468 10 equal equal JJ 34457 4468 11 to to IN 34457 4468 12 1.033 1.033 CD 34457 4468 13 kilogm kilogm NN 34457 4468 14 . . . 34457 4469 1 per per IN 34457 4469 2 sq sq NNP 34457 4469 3 . . . 34457 4470 1 cm cm NNP 34457 4470 2 . . . 34457 4471 1 ; ; : 34457 4471 2 or or CC 34457 4471 3 the the DT 34457 4471 4 pressure pressure NN 34457 4471 5 of of IN 34457 4471 6 1 1 CD 34457 4471 7 kilogm kilogm NN 34457 4471 8 . . . 34457 4472 1 per per IN 34457 4472 2 sq sq NNP 34457 4472 3 . . . 34457 4473 1 cm cm NNP 34457 4473 2 . . . 34457 4474 1 is be VBZ 34457 4474 2 equal equal JJ 34457 4474 3 to to IN 34457 4474 4 0.968 0.968 CD 34457 4474 5 atm atm NN 34457 4474 6 . . . 34457 4475 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4475 2 35 35 CD 34457 4475 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4475 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4475 5 , , , 34457 4475 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4475 7 loc loc NN 34457 4475 8 . . . 34457 4476 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4476 2 . . . 34457 4476 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4476 4 , , , 34457 4476 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 4476 6 , , , 34457 4476 7 2 2 CD 34457 4476 8 . . . 34457 4477 1 1 1 CD 34457 4477 2 , , , 34457 4477 3 424 424 CD 34457 4477 4 ; ; : 34457 4477 5 cf cf NN 34457 4477 6 . . . 34457 4478 1 Goossens Goossens NNP 34457 4478 2 , , , 34457 4478 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4478 4 Arch Arch NNP 34457 4478 5 . . . 34457 4479 1 nà nà NNP 34457 4479 2 © © NNP 34457 4479 3 erland erland NN 34457 4479 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4479 5 , , , 34457 4479 6 1886 1886 CD 34457 4479 7 , , , 34457 4479 8 20 20 CD 34457 4479 9 . . . 34457 4480 1 449 449 CD 34457 4480 2 . . . 34457 4481 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4481 2 36 36 CD 34457 4481 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4481 4 J. J. NNP 34457 4481 5 Thomson Thomson NNP 34457 4481 6 , , , 34457 4481 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4481 8 Proc Proc NNP 34457 4481 9 . . . 34457 4482 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4482 2 . . . 34457 4483 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4483 2 . . . 34457 4483 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4483 4 , , , 34457 4483 5 1874 1874 CD 34457 4483 6 , , , 34457 4483 7 22 22 CD 34457 4483 8 . . . 34457 4484 1 28 28 CD 34457 4484 2 . . . 34457 4485 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4485 2 37 37 CD 34457 4485 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4485 4 A a DT 34457 4485 5 field field NN 34457 4485 6 is be VBZ 34457 4485 7 " " `` 34457 4485 8 enclosed enclose VBN 34457 4485 9 " " '' 34457 4485 10 by by IN 34457 4485 11 two two CD 34457 4485 12 curves curve NNS 34457 4485 13 when when WRB 34457 4485 14 these these DT 34457 4485 15 cut cut VBD 34457 4485 16 at at IN 34457 4485 17 an an DT 34457 4485 18 angle angle NN 34457 4485 19 less less JJR 34457 4485 20 than than IN 34457 4485 21 two two CD 34457 4485 22 right right JJ 34457 4485 23 angles angle NNS 34457 4485 24 . . . 34457 4486 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4486 2 may may MD 34457 4486 3 be be VB 34457 4486 4 useful useful JJ 34457 4486 5 to to TO 34457 4486 6 remember remember VB 34457 4486 7 that that IN 34457 4486 8 an an DT 34457 4486 9 invariant invariant JJ 34457 4486 10 system system NN 34457 4486 11 is be VBZ 34457 4486 12 represented represent VBN 34457 4486 13 by by IN 34457 4486 14 a a DT 34457 4486 15 _ _ NNP 34457 4486 16 point point NN 34457 4486 17 _ _ NNP 34457 4486 18 , , , 34457 4486 19 a a DT 34457 4486 20 univariant univariant JJ 34457 4486 21 system system NN 34457 4486 22 by by IN 34457 4486 23 a a DT 34457 4486 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4486 25 line line NN 34457 4486 26 _ _ NNP 34457 4486 27 , , , 34457 4486 28 and and CC 34457 4486 29 a a DT 34457 4486 30 bivariant bivariant NN 34457 4486 31 system system NN 34457 4486 32 by by IN 34457 4486 33 an an DT 34457 4486 34 _ _ NNP 34457 4486 35 area area NN 34457 4486 36 _ _ NNP 34457 4486 37 . . . 34457 4487 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4487 2 38 38 CD 34457 4487 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4487 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4487 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4487 6 . . . 34457 4488 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4488 2 . . . 34457 4488 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4488 4 , , , 34457 4488 5 1724 1724 CD 34457 4488 6 , , , 34457 4488 7 39 39 CD 34457 4488 8 . . . 34457 4489 1 78 78 CD 34457 4489 2 . . . 34457 4490 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4490 2 39 39 CD 34457 4490 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4490 4 Juhlin Juhlin NNP 34457 4490 5 , , , 34457 4490 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4490 7 loc loc NN 34457 4490 8 . . . 34457 4491 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4491 2 . . . 34457 4491 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4491 4 , , , 34457 4491 5 p. p. NN 34457 4491 6 61 61 CD 34457 4491 7 ; ; : 34457 4491 8 cf cf NN 34457 4491 9 . . . 34457 4492 1 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4492 2 and and CC 34457 4492 3 Young Young NNP 34457 4492 4 , , , 34457 4492 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4492 6 loc loc NN 34457 4492 7 . . . 34457 4493 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4493 2 . . . 34457 4493 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4493 4 : : : 34457 4493 5 Thiesen Thiesen NNP 34457 4493 6 and and CC 34457 4493 7 Scheel Scheel NNP 34457 4493 8 , , , 34457 4493 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4493 10 loc loc NN 34457 4493 11 . . . 34457 4494 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4494 2 . . . 34457 4494 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4494 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4494 5 40 40 CD 34457 4494 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4494 7 This this DT 34457 4494 8 small small JJ 34457 4494 9 difference difference NN 34457 4494 10 is be VBZ 34457 4494 11 due due JJ 34457 4494 12 to to IN 34457 4494 13 experimental experimental JJ 34457 4494 14 errors error NNS 34457 4494 15 in in IN 34457 4494 16 the the DT 34457 4494 17 determination determination NN 34457 4494 18 of of IN 34457 4494 19 the the DT 34457 4494 20 vapour vapour NN 34457 4494 21 pressures pressure NNS 34457 4494 22 ; ; : 34457 4494 23 a a DT 34457 4494 24 differential differential NN 34457 4494 25 method method NN 34457 4494 26 betrayed betray VBD 34457 4494 27 no no DT 34457 4494 28 difference difference NN 34457 4494 29 between between IN 34457 4494 30 the the DT 34457 4494 31 vapour vapour JJ 34457 4494 32 pressure pressure NN 34457 4494 33 of of IN 34457 4494 34 ice ice NN 34457 4494 35 and and CC 34457 4494 36 of of IN 34457 4494 37 water water NN 34457 4494 38 at at IN 34457 4494 39 0 0â NN 34457 4494 40 ° ° NNS 34457 4494 41 . . . 34457 4495 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4495 2 41 41 CD 34457 4495 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4495 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4495 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4495 6 . . . 34457 4496 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4496 2 . . . 34457 4496 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4496 4 , , , 34457 4496 5 1874 1874 CD 34457 4496 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4496 7 4 4 CD 34457 4496 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4496 9 , , , 34457 4496 10 47 47 CD 34457 4496 11 . . . 34457 4497 1 447 447 CD 34457 4497 2 ; ; : 34457 4497 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4497 4 Proc Proc NNP 34457 4497 5 . . . 34457 4498 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4498 2 . . . 34457 4499 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4499 2 . . . 34457 4499 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4499 4 , , , 34457 4499 5 1873 1873 CD 34457 4499 6 , , , 34457 4499 7 22 22 CD 34457 4499 8 . . . 34457 4500 1 27 27 CD 34457 4500 2 . . . 34457 4501 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4501 2 42 42 CD 34457 4501 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4501 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4501 5 Pogg Pogg NNP 34457 4501 6 . . . 34457 4502 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4502 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4502 3 , , , 34457 4502 4 1858 1858 CD 34457 4502 5 , , , 34457 4502 6 103 103 CD 34457 4502 7 , , , 34457 4502 8 206 206 CD 34457 4502 9 . . . 34457 4503 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4503 2 43 43 CD 34457 4503 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4503 4 See see VB 34457 4503 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4503 6 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4503 7 . . . 34457 4504 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4504 2 . . . 34457 4504 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4504 4 , , , 34457 4504 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4504 6 , , , 34457 4504 7 175 175 CD 34457 4504 8 , , , 34457 4504 9 461 461 CD 34457 4504 10 . . . 34457 4505 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4505 2 44 44 CD 34457 4505 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4505 4 This this DT 34457 4505 5 phenomenon phenomenon NN 34457 4505 6 of of IN 34457 4505 7 distillation distillation NN 34457 4505 8 from from IN 34457 4505 9 the the DT 34457 4505 10 supercooled supercoole VBN 34457 4505 11 liquid liquid NN 34457 4505 12 to to IN 34457 4505 13 the the DT 34457 4505 14 solid solid JJ 34457 4505 15 has have VBZ 34457 4505 16 been be VBN 34457 4505 17 very very RB 34457 4505 18 clearly clearly RB 34457 4505 19 observed observe VBN 34457 4505 20 in in IN 34457 4505 21 the the DT 34457 4505 22 case case NN 34457 4505 23 of of IN 34457 4505 24 furfuraldoxime furfuraldoxime JJ 34457 4505 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4505 26 V. V. NNP 34457 4505 27 Goldschmidt Goldschmidt NNP 34457 4505 28 , , , 34457 4505 29 _ _ NNP 34457 4505 30 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4505 31 . . . 34457 4506 1 f. f. NNP 34457 4506 2 Krystallographie Krystallographie NNP 34457 4506 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4506 4 , , , 34457 4506 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4506 6 , , , 34457 4506 7 28 28 CD 34457 4506 8 . . . 34457 4507 1 169 169 CD 34457 4507 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4507 3 . . . 34457 4508 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4508 2 45 45 CD 34457 4508 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4508 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4508 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4508 6 der der IN 34457 4508 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4508 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4508 9 , , , 34457 4508 10 1900 1900 CD 34457 4508 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4508 12 4 4 CD 34457 4508 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4508 14 , , , 34457 4508 15 2 2 CD 34457 4508 16 . . . 34457 4509 1 1 1 CD 34457 4509 2 , , , 34457 4509 3 424 424 CD 34457 4509 4 . . . 34457 4510 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4510 2 46 46 CD 34457 4510 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4510 4 A a DT 34457 4510 5 similar similar JJ 34457 4510 6 triple triple JJ 34457 4510 7 point point NN 34457 4510 8 has have VBZ 34457 4510 9 been be VBN 34457 4510 10 determined determine VBN 34457 4510 11 by by IN 34457 4510 12 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4510 13 in in IN 34457 4510 14 the the DT 34457 4510 15 case case NN 34457 4510 16 of of IN 34457 4510 17 phenol phenol NNP 34457 4510 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4510 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4510 20 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4510 21 der der IN 34457 4510 22 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4510 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4510 24 , , , 34457 4510 25 1902 1902 CD 34457 4510 26 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4510 27 4 4 CD 34457 4510 28 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4510 29 , , , 34457 4510 30 9 9 CD 34457 4510 31 . . . 34457 4511 1 249 249 CD 34457 4511 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4511 3 . . . 34457 4512 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4512 2 47 47 CD 34457 4512 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4512 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4512 5 Annales Annales NNP 34457 4512 6 chim chim NN 34457 4512 7 . . . 34457 4513 1 et et FW 34457 4513 2 phys phys NN 34457 4513 3 . . . 34457 4513 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4513 5 , , , 34457 4513 6 1821 1821 CD 34457 4513 7 , , , 34457 4513 8 19 19 CD 34457 4513 9 . . . 34457 4514 1 414 414 CD 34457 4514 2 . . . 34457 4515 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4515 2 48 48 CD 34457 4515 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4515 4 Lehmann Lehmann NNP 34457 4515 5 , , , 34457 4515 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4515 7 Molekularphysik Molekularphysik NNP 34457 4515 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4515 9 , , , 34457 4515 10 I. I. NNP 34457 4516 1 153 153 CD 34457 4516 2 . . . 34457 4516 3 ; ; : 34457 4516 4 Arzruni Arzruni NNP 34457 4516 5 , , , 34457 4516 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4516 7 Physikalische Physikalische NNP 34457 4516 8 Chemie Chemie NNP 34457 4516 9 der der VBD 34457 4516 10 Krystalle Krystalle NNP 34457 4516 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4516 12 . . . 34457 4517 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4517 2 Graham Graham NNP 34457 4517 3 - - HYPH 34457 4517 4 Otto Otto NNP 34457 4517 5 , , , 34457 4517 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4517 7 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4517 8 der der VBD 34457 4517 9 Chemie Chemie NNP 34457 4517 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4517 11 , , , 34457 4517 12 I. I. NNP 34457 4518 1 3 3 LS 34457 4518 2 . . . 34457 4518 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4519 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4519 2 49 49 CD 34457 4519 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4519 4 Brodie Brodie NNP 34457 4519 5 , , , 34457 4519 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4519 7 Proc Proc NNP 34457 4519 8 . . . 34457 4520 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4520 2 . . . 34457 4521 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4521 2 . . . 34457 4521 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4521 4 , , , 34457 4521 5 1855 1855 CD 34457 4521 6 , , , 34457 4521 7 7 7 CD 34457 4521 8 . . . 34457 4522 1 24 24 CD 34457 4522 2 . . . 34457 4523 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4523 2 50 50 CD 34457 4523 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4523 4 That that DT 34457 4523 5 solid solid JJ 34457 4523 6 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 4523 7 does do VBZ 34457 4523 8 possess possess VB 34457 4523 9 a a DT 34457 4523 10 certain certain JJ 34457 4523 11 vapour vapour NN 34457 4523 12 pressure pressure NN 34457 4523 13 has have VBZ 34457 4523 14 been be VBN 34457 4523 15 shown show VBN 34457 4523 16 by by IN 34457 4523 17 Hallock Hallock NNP 34457 4523 18 , , , 34457 4523 19 who who WP 34457 4523 20 observed observe VBD 34457 4523 21 the the DT 34457 4523 22 formation formation NN 34457 4523 23 at at IN 34457 4523 24 the the DT 34457 4523 25 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 4523 26 temperature temperature NN 34457 4523 27 of of IN 34457 4523 28 copper copper NN 34457 4523 29 sulphide sulphide NN 34457 4523 30 in in IN 34457 4523 31 a a DT 34457 4523 32 tube tube NN 34457 4523 33 containing contain VBG 34457 4523 34 copper copper NN 34457 4523 35 and and CC 34457 4523 36 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 4523 37 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4523 38 _ _ NNP 34457 4523 39 Amer Amer NNP 34457 4523 40 . . . 34457 4524 1 Jour Jour NNP 34457 4524 2 . . . 34457 4525 1 Sci Sci NNP 34457 4525 2 . . NNP 34457 4525 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4525 4 , , , 34457 4525 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 4525 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4525 7 3 3 CD 34457 4525 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4525 9 , , , 34457 4525 10 37 37 CD 34457 4525 11 . . . 34457 4526 1 405 405 CD 34457 4526 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4526 3 . . . 34457 4527 1 See see VB 34457 4527 2 also also RB 34457 4527 3 Zenghelis Zenghelis NNP 34457 4527 4 , , , 34457 4527 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4527 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4527 7 . . . 34457 4528 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4528 2 . . . 34457 4529 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4529 2 . . . 34457 4529 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4529 4 , , , 34457 4529 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4529 6 , , , 34457 4529 7 50 50 CD 34457 4529 8 . . . 34457 4530 1 219 219 CD 34457 4530 2 . . . 34457 4531 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4531 2 51 51 CD 34457 4531 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4531 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4531 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4531 6 . . . 34457 4532 1 für für NNP 34457 4532 2 Krystallographie Krystallographie NNP 34457 4532 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4532 4 , , , 34457 4532 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4532 6 , , , 34457 4532 7 8 8 CD 34457 4532 8 . . . 34457 4533 1 593 593 CD 34457 4533 2 . . . 34457 4534 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4534 2 52 52 CD 34457 4534 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4534 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 4534 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4534 6 , , , 34457 4534 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4534 8 Studies Studies NNPS 34457 4534 9 on on IN 34457 4534 10 Chemical Chemical NNP 34457 4534 11 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS 34457 4534 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4534 13 , , , 34457 4534 14 p. p. NN 34457 4534 15 163 163 CD 34457 4534 16 . . . 34457 4535 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4535 2 53 53 CD 34457 4535 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4535 4 Reicher Reicher NNP 34457 4535 5 , , , 34457 4535 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4535 7 loc loc NN 34457 4535 8 . . . 34457 4536 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4536 2 . . . 34457 4536 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4536 4 See See NNP 34457 4536 5 also also RB 34457 4536 6 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4536 7 , , , 34457 4536 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4536 9 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4536 10 der der IN 34457 4536 11 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4536 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4536 13 , , , 34457 4536 14 1899 1899 CD 34457 4536 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4536 16 3 3 CD 34457 4536 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4536 18 , , , 34457 4536 19 68 68 CD 34457 4536 20 . . . 34457 4537 1 663 663 CD 34457 4537 2 . . . 34457 4538 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4538 2 54 54 CD 34457 4538 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4538 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4538 5 , , , 34457 4538 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4538 7 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4538 8 der der IN 34457 4538 9 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4538 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4538 11 , , , 34457 4538 12 1899 1899 CD 34457 4538 13 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4538 14 3 3 CD 34457 4538 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4538 16 , , , 34457 4538 17 68 68 CD 34457 4538 18 . . . 34457 4539 1 633 633 CD 34457 4539 2 . . . 34457 4540 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4540 2 55 55 CD 34457 4540 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4540 4 Rec Rec NNP 34457 4540 5 . . . 34457 4541 1 Trav trav NN 34457 4541 2 . . . 34457 4542 1 _ _ NNP 34457 4542 2 Chim Chim NNP 34457 4542 3 . . . 34457 4543 1 Pays Pays NNP 34457 4543 2 - - HYPH 34457 4543 3 Bas Bas NNP 34457 4543 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4543 5 , , , 34457 4543 6 1887 1887 CD 34457 4543 7 , , , 34457 4543 8 6 6 CD 34457 4543 9 . . . 34457 4544 1 314 314 CD 34457 4544 2 . . . 34457 4545 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4545 2 56 56 CD 34457 4545 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4545 4 Cf cf NN 34457 4545 5 . . . 34457 4546 1 van't van't NNP 34457 4546 2 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4546 3 , , , 34457 4546 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4546 5 Lectures Lectures NNP 34457 4546 6 on on IN 34457 4546 7 Physical Physical NNP 34457 4546 8 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 4546 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4546 10 , , , 34457 4546 11 I. I. NNP 34457 4546 12 , , , 34457 4546 13 p. p. NN 34457 4546 14 27 27 CD 34457 4546 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4546 16 Arnold Arnold NNP 34457 4546 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4546 18 . . . 34457 4547 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4547 2 57 57 CD 34457 4547 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4547 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4547 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4547 6 der der IN 34457 4547 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4547 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4547 9 , , , 34457 4547 10 1899 1899 CD 34457 4547 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4547 12 3 3 CD 34457 4547 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4547 14 , , , 34457 4547 15 68 68 CD 34457 4547 16 . . . 34457 4548 1 663 663 CD 34457 4548 2 . . . 34457 4549 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4549 2 58 58 CD 34457 4549 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4549 4 Brauns Brauns NNP 34457 4549 5 , , , 34457 4549 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4549 7 Jahrbuch Jahrbuch NNP 34457 4549 8 für für NNP 34457 4549 9 Mineralogie Mineralogie NNP 34457 4549 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4549 11 , , , 34457 4549 12 1899 1899 CD 34457 4549 13 - - SYM 34457 4549 14 1901 1901 CD 34457 4549 15 , , , 34457 4549 16 13 13 CD 34457 4549 17 . . . 34457 4550 1 Beilage beilage NN 34457 4550 2 , , , 34457 4550 3 p. p. NN 34457 4550 4 39 39 CD 34457 4550 5 . . . 34457 4551 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4551 2 59 59 CD 34457 4551 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4551 4 Fritsche Fritsche NNP 34457 4551 5 , , , 34457 4551 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4551 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4551 8 . . . 34457 4551 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4551 10 , , , 34457 4551 11 1869 1869 CD 34457 4551 12 , , , 34457 4551 13 2 2 CD 34457 4551 14 . . . 34457 4552 1 112 112 CD 34457 4552 2 , , , 34457 4552 3 540 540 CD 34457 4552 4 . . . 34457 4553 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4553 2 60 60 CD 34457 4553 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4553 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4553 5 De De NNP 34457 4553 6 mirabilibus mirabilibus NN 34457 4553 7 Auscultationibus Auscultationibus NNP 34457 4553 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4553 9 , , , 34457 4553 10 Cap Cap NNP 34457 4553 11 . . . 34457 4554 1 51 51 CD 34457 4554 2 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4554 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4554 4 v. v. IN 34457 4554 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4554 6 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 4554 7 , , , 34457 4554 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4554 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4554 10 . . . 34457 4555 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4555 2 . . . 34457 4556 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4556 2 . . . 34457 4556 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4556 4 , , , 34457 4556 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 4556 6 , , , 34457 4556 7 36 36 CD 34457 4556 8 . . . 34457 4557 1 513 513 CD 34457 4557 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4557 3 . . . 34457 4558 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4558 2 61 61 CD 34457 4558 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4558 4 E. E. NNP 34457 4558 5 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 4558 6 and and CC 34457 4558 7 C. C. NNP 34457 4558 8 van van NNP 34457 4558 9 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 4558 10 , , , 34457 4558 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4558 12 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4558 13 . . . 34457 4559 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4559 2 . . . 34457 4560 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4560 2 . . . 34457 4560 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4560 4 , , , 34457 4560 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 4560 6 , , , 34457 4560 7 30 30 CD 34457 4560 8 . . . 34457 4561 1 601 601 CD 34457 4561 2 ; ; : 34457 4561 3 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 4561 4 , , , 34457 4561 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4561 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4561 7 . . . 34457 4561 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4561 9 , , , 34457 4561 10 1900 1900 CD 34457 4561 11 , , , 34457 4561 12 33 33 CD 34457 4561 13 . . . 34457 4562 1 59 59 CD 34457 4562 2 ; ; : 34457 4562 3 35 35 CD 34457 4562 4 . . . 34457 4563 1 588 588 CD 34457 4563 2 ; ; : 34457 4563 3 1901 1901 CD 34457 4563 4 , , , 34457 4563 5 36 36 CD 34457 4563 6 . . . 34457 4564 1 513 513 CD 34457 4564 2 ; ; : 34457 4564 3 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 4564 4 and and CC 34457 4564 5 E. E. NNP 34457 4564 6 Goldschmidt Goldschmidt NNP 34457 4564 7 , , , 34457 4564 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4564 9 ibid ibid NN 34457 4564 10 . . . 34457 4564 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4564 12 , , , 34457 4564 13 1904 1904 CD 34457 4564 14 , , , 34457 4564 15 50 50 CD 34457 4564 16 . . . 34457 4565 1 225 225 CD 34457 4565 2 . . . 34457 4566 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4566 2 62 62 CD 34457 4566 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4566 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4566 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4566 6 . . . 34457 4567 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4567 2 . . . 34457 4568 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4568 2 . . . 34457 4568 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4568 4 , , , 34457 4568 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 4568 6 , , , 34457 4568 7 33 33 CD 34457 4568 8 , , , 34457 4568 9 58 58 CD 34457 4568 10 . . . 34457 4569 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4569 2 63 63 CD 34457 4569 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4569 4 Stortenbeker Stortenbeker NNP 34457 4569 5 , , , 34457 4569 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4569 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4569 8 . . . 34457 4570 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4570 2 . . . 34457 4571 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4571 2 . . . 34457 4571 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4571 4 , , , 34457 4571 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 4571 6 , , , 34457 4571 7 3 3 CD 34457 4571 8 . . . 34457 4572 1 11 11 CD 34457 4572 2 ; ; : 34457 4572 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4572 4 Rec Rec NNP 34457 4572 5 . . . 34457 4573 1 Trav trav NN 34457 4573 2 . . . 34457 4574 1 Chim chim UH 34457 4574 2 . . . 34457 4575 1 Pays Pays NNP 34457 4575 2 - - HYPH 34457 4575 3 Bas Bas NNP 34457 4575 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4575 5 , , , 34457 4575 6 1888 1888 CD 34457 4575 7 , , , 34457 4575 8 7 7 CD 34457 4575 9 . . . 34457 4576 1 152 152 CD 34457 4576 2 . . . 34457 4577 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4577 2 64 64 CD 34457 4577 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4577 4 Zincke Zincke NNP 34457 4577 5 , , , 34457 4577 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4577 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4577 8 . . . 34457 4577 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4577 10 , , , 34457 4577 11 1871 1871 CD 34457 4577 12 , , , 34457 4577 13 4 4 CD 34457 4577 14 . . . 34457 4578 1 576 576 CD 34457 4578 2 . . . 34457 4579 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4579 2 65 65 CD 34457 4579 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4579 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4579 5 , , , 34457 4579 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4579 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4579 8 . . . 34457 4580 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4580 2 . . . 34457 4581 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4581 2 . . . 34457 4581 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4581 4 , , , 34457 4581 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4581 6 , , , 34457 4581 7 22 22 CD 34457 4581 8 . . . 34457 4582 1 313 313 CD 34457 4582 2 . . . 34457 4583 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4583 2 66 66 CD 34457 4583 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4583 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4583 5 , , , 34457 4583 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4583 7 Das Das NNP 34457 4583 8 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4583 9 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4583 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4583 11 , , , 34457 4583 12 I. I. NNP 34457 4583 13 p. p. NN 34457 4583 14 177 177 CD 34457 4583 15 . . . 34457 4584 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4584 2 67 67 CD 34457 4584 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4584 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4584 5 , , , 34457 4584 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4584 7 ibid ibid NN 34457 4584 8 . . . 34457 4584 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4584 10 , , , 34457 4584 11 p. p. NN 34457 4584 12 179 179 CD 34457 4584 13 . . . 34457 4585 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4585 2 68 68 CD 34457 4585 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4585 4 Schrötter schrã¶tter NN 34457 4585 5 , , , 34457 4585 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4585 7 Pogg Pogg NNP 34457 4585 8 . . . 34457 4586 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4586 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4586 3 , , , 34457 4586 4 1850 1850 CD 34457 4586 5 , , , 34457 4586 6 81 81 CD 34457 4586 7 . . . 34457 4587 1 276 276 CD 34457 4587 2 ; ; : 34457 4587 3 Troost Troost NNP 34457 4587 4 and and CC 34457 4587 5 Hautefeuille Hautefeuille NNP 34457 4587 6 , , , 34457 4587 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4587 8 Annales Annales NNP 34457 4587 9 de de NNP 34457 4587 10 Chim Chim NNP 34457 4587 11 . . . 34457 4588 1 et et FW 34457 4588 2 Phys Phys NNP 34457 4588 3 . . . 34457 4588 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4588 5 1874 1874 CD 34457 4588 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4588 7 5 5 CD 34457 4588 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4588 9 , , , 34457 4588 10 2 2 CD 34457 4588 11 . . . 34457 4589 1 153 153 CD 34457 4589 2 ; ; : 34457 4589 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4589 4 Ann Ann NNP 34457 4589 5 . . . 34457 4590 1 Scient Scient NNP 34457 4590 2 . . . 34457 4591 1 à à NNP 34457 4591 2 � � NNP 34457 4591 3 cole cole NNP 34457 4591 4 Norm norm NN 34457 4591 5 . . . 34457 4591 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4591 7 1868 1868 CD 34457 4591 8 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4591 9 2 2 CD 34457 4591 10 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4591 11 , , , 34457 4591 12 II II NNP 34457 4591 13 . . . 34457 4592 1 266 266 CD 34457 4592 2 . . . 34457 4593 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4593 2 69 69 CD 34457 4593 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4593 4 Pedler Pedler NNP 34457 4593 5 , , , 34457 4593 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4593 7 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4593 8 . . . 34457 4594 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4594 2 . . . 34457 4595 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4595 2 . . . 34457 4595 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4595 4 , , , 34457 4595 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 4595 6 , , , 34457 4595 7 57 57 CD 34457 4595 8 . . . 34457 4596 1 599 599 LS 34457 4596 2 . . . 34457 4597 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4597 2 70 70 CD 34457 4597 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4597 4 Brodie Brodie NNP 34457 4597 5 , , , 34457 4597 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4597 7 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4597 8 . . . 34457 4598 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4598 2 . . . 34457 4599 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4599 2 . . . 34457 4599 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4599 4 , , , 34457 4599 5 1853 1853 CD 34457 4599 6 , , , 34457 4599 7 5 5 CD 34457 4599 8 , , , 34457 4599 9 289 289 CD 34457 4599 10 . . . 34457 4600 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4600 2 71 71 CD 34457 4600 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4600 4 This this DT 34457 4600 5 is be VBZ 34457 4600 6 a a DT 34457 4600 7 familiar familiar JJ 34457 4600 8 fact fact NN 34457 4600 9 in in IN 34457 4600 10 the the DT 34457 4600 11 case case NN 34457 4600 12 of of IN 34457 4600 13 the the DT 34457 4600 14 solubility solubility NN 34457 4600 15 in in IN 34457 4600 16 carbon carbon NN 34457 4600 17 disulphide disulphide NN 34457 4600 18 . . . 34457 4601 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4601 2 72 72 CD 34457 4601 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4601 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4601 5 , , , 34457 4601 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4601 7 Das Das NNP 34457 4601 8 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4601 9 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4601 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4601 11 , , , 34457 4601 12 I. I. NNP 34457 4601 13 p. p. NN 34457 4601 14 170 170 CD 34457 4601 15 . . . 34457 4602 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4602 2 73 73 CD 34457 4602 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4602 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4602 5 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4602 6 . . . 34457 4603 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4603 2 . . . 34457 4604 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4604 2 . . . 34457 4604 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4604 4 , , , 34457 4604 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 4604 6 , , , 34457 4604 7 57 57 CD 34457 4604 8 . . . 34457 4605 1 734 734 CD 34457 4605 2 . . . 34457 4606 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4606 2 74 74 CD 34457 4606 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4606 4 Carnelley Carnelley NNP 34457 4606 5 , , , 34457 4606 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4606 7 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4606 8 . . . 34457 4607 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4607 2 . . . 34457 4608 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4608 2 . . . 34457 4608 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4608 4 , , , 34457 4608 5 1876 1876 CD 34457 4608 6 , , , 34457 4608 7 29 29 CD 34457 4608 8 . . . 34457 4609 1 489 489 CD 34457 4609 2 ; ; : 34457 4609 3 1878 1878 CD 34457 4609 4 , , , 34457 4609 5 33 33 CD 34457 4609 6 . . . 34457 4610 1 275 275 CD 34457 4610 2 . . . 34457 4611 1 V. V. NNP 34457 4611 2 Meyer Meyer NNP 34457 4611 3 and and CC 34457 4611 4 Riddle Riddle NNP 34457 4611 5 , , , 34457 4611 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4611 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4611 8 . . . 34457 4611 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4611 10 , , , 34457 4611 11 1893 1893 CD 34457 4611 12 , , , 34457 4611 13 26 26 CD 34457 4611 14 . . . 34457 4612 1 2443 2443 CD 34457 4612 2 . . . 34457 4613 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4613 2 75 75 CD 34457 4613 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4613 4 Riecke Riecke NNP 34457 4613 5 , , , 34457 4613 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4613 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4613 8 . . . 34457 4614 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4614 2 . . . 34457 4615 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4615 2 . . . 34457 4615 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4615 4 , , , 34457 4615 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 4615 6 , , , 34457 4615 7 6 6 CD 34457 4615 8 . . . 34457 4616 1 411 411 CD 34457 4616 2 . . . 34457 4617 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4617 2 76 76 CD 34457 4617 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4617 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4617 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4617 6 der der IN 34457 4617 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4617 8 . . . 34457 4617 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4617 10 , , , 34457 4617 11 1898 1898 CD 34457 4617 12 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4617 13 3 3 CD 34457 4617 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4617 15 , , , 34457 4617 16 66 66 CD 34457 4617 17 . . . 34457 4618 1 492 492 CD 34457 4618 2 . . . 34457 4619 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4619 2 77 77 CD 34457 4619 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4619 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4619 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4619 6 . . . 34457 4620 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4620 2 . . . 34457 4621 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4621 2 . . . 34457 4621 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4621 4 , , , 34457 4621 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 4621 6 , , , 34457 4621 7 28 28 CD 34457 4621 8 . . . 34457 4622 1 666 666 CD 34457 4622 2 . . . 34457 4623 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4623 2 78 78 CD 34457 4623 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4623 4 See See NNP 34457 4623 5 Naumann Naumann NNP 34457 4623 6 , , , 34457 4623 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4623 8 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4623 9 . . . 34457 4623 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4623 11 , , , 34457 4623 12 1872 1872 CD 34457 4623 13 , , , 34457 4623 14 4 4 CD 34457 4623 15 . . . 34457 4624 1 646 646 CD 34457 4624 2 ; ; : 34457 4624 3 Troost Troost NNP 34457 4624 4 and and CC 34457 4624 5 Hautefeuille Hautefeuille NNP 34457 4624 6 , , , 34457 4624 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4624 8 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4624 9 . . . 34457 4625 1 rend rend VB 34457 4625 2 . . . 34457 4625 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4625 4 , , , 34457 4625 5 1868 1868 CD 34457 4625 6 , , , 34457 4625 7 66 66 CD 34457 4625 8 . . . 34457 4626 1 795 795 CD 34457 4626 2 ; ; : 34457 4626 3 1868 1868 CD 34457 4626 4 , , , 34457 4626 5 67 67 CD 34457 4626 6 . . . 34457 4627 1 1345 1345 CD 34457 4627 2 ; ; : 34457 4627 3 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4627 4 , , , 34457 4627 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4627 6 Das Das NNP 34457 4627 7 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4627 8 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4627 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4627 10 , , , 34457 4627 11 I. I. NNP 34457 4627 12 pp pp NNP 34457 4627 13 . . . 34457 4628 1 62 62 CD 34457 4628 2 , , , 34457 4628 3 171 171 CD 34457 4628 4 . . . 34457 4629 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4629 2 79 79 CD 34457 4629 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4629 4 Mitscherlich Mitscherlich NNP 34457 4629 5 , , , 34457 4629 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4629 7 Lieb Lieb NNP 34457 4629 8 . . . 34457 4630 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4630 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4630 3 , , , 34457 4630 4 1834 1834 CD 34457 4630 5 , , , 34457 4630 6 12 12 CD 34457 4630 7 . . . 34457 4631 1 137 137 CD 34457 4631 2 ; ; : 34457 4631 3 Deville Deville NNP 34457 4631 4 and and CC 34457 4631 5 Troost Troost NNP 34457 4631 6 , , , 34457 4631 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4631 8 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4631 9 . . . 34457 4632 1 rend rend VB 34457 4632 2 . . . 34457 4632 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4632 4 , , , 34457 4632 5 1863 1863 CD 34457 4632 6 , , , 34457 4632 7 56 56 CD 34457 4632 8 . . . 34457 4633 1 891 891 CD 34457 4633 2 . . . 34457 4634 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4634 2 80 80 CD 34457 4634 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4634 4 Beckmann Beckmann NNP 34457 4634 5 , , , 34457 4634 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4634 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4634 8 . . . 34457 4635 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4635 2 . . . 34457 4636 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4636 2 . . . 34457 4636 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4636 4 , , , 34457 4636 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 4636 6 , , , 34457 4636 7 5 5 CD 34457 4636 8 . . . 34457 4637 1 79 79 CD 34457 4637 2 ; ; : 34457 4637 3 Hertz Hertz NNP 34457 4637 4 , , , 34457 4637 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4637 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4637 7 . . . 34457 4637 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4637 9 , , , 34457 4637 10 6 6 CD 34457 4637 11 . . . 34457 4638 1 358 358 CD 34457 4638 2 . . . 34457 4639 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4639 2 81 81 CD 34457 4639 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4639 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4639 5 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4639 6 . . . 34457 4639 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4639 8 , , , 34457 4639 9 1902 1902 CD 34457 4639 10 , , , 34457 4639 11 35 35 CD 34457 4639 12 . . . 34457 4640 1 351 351 CD 34457 4640 2 . . . 34457 4641 1 _ _ NNP 34457 4641 2 Cf Cf NNP 34457 4641 3 . . . 34457 4641 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4641 5 also also RB 34457 4641 6 , , , 34457 4641 7 K. K. NNP 34457 4641 8 Schaum Schaum NNP 34457 4641 9 , , , 34457 4641 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4641 11 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4641 12 der der IN 34457 4641 13 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4641 14 . . . 34457 4641 15 _ _ NNP 34457 4641 16 , , , 34457 4641 17 1898 1898 CD 34457 4641 18 , , , 34457 4641 19 300 300 CD 34457 4641 20 . . . 34457 4642 1 221 221 CD 34457 4642 2 ; ; : 34457 4642 3 R. R. NNP 34457 4642 4 Wegscheider Wegscheider NNP 34457 4642 5 and and CC 34457 4642 6 Kaufler Kaufler NNP 34457 4642 7 , , , 34457 4642 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4642 9 Sitzungsber Sitzungsber NNP 34457 4642 10 . . . 34457 4643 1 kaiserl kaiserl NNP 34457 4643 2 . . . 34457 4644 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 4644 2 . . . 34457 4645 1 Wissensch Wissensch NNP 34457 4645 2 . . . 34457 4646 1 in in IN 34457 4646 2 Wien Wien NNP 34457 4646 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4646 4 , , , 34457 4646 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 4646 6 , , , 34457 4646 7 110 110 CD 34457 4646 8 , , , 34457 4646 9 II ii CD 34457 4646 10 . . . 34457 4647 1 606 606 CD 34457 4647 2 . . . 34457 4648 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4648 2 82 82 CD 34457 4648 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4648 4 See see VB 34457 4648 5 also also RB 34457 4648 6 Roozeboom roozeboom NN 34457 4648 7 , , , 34457 4648 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4648 9 Das Das NNP 34457 4648 10 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4648 11 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4648 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4648 13 , , , 34457 4648 14 I. I. NNP 34457 4648 15 p. p. NN 34457 4648 16 177 177 CD 34457 4648 17 . . . 34457 4649 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4649 2 83 83 CD 34457 4649 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4649 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4649 5 Annales Annales NNP 34457 4649 6 de de NNP 34457 4649 7 Chim Chim NNP 34457 4649 8 . . . 34457 4650 1 et et FW 34457 4650 2 Phys Phys NNP 34457 4650 3 . . . 34457 4650 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4650 5 , , , 34457 4650 6 1874 1874 CD 34457 4650 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4650 8 5 5 CD 34457 4650 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4650 10 , , , 34457 4650 11 2 2 CD 34457 4650 12 . . . 34457 4651 1 154 154 CD 34457 4651 2 . . . 34457 4652 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4652 2 84 84 CD 34457 4652 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4652 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4652 5 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4652 6 . . . 34457 4653 1 rend rend VB 34457 4653 2 . . . 34457 4653 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4653 4 , , , 34457 4653 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 4653 6 , , , 34457 4653 7 104 104 CD 34457 4653 8 . . . 34457 4654 1 1505 1505 CD 34457 4654 2 . . . 34457 4655 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4655 2 85 85 CD 34457 4655 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4655 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4655 5 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4655 6 . . . 34457 4656 1 rend rend VB 34457 4656 2 . . . 34457 4656 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4656 4 , , , 34457 4656 5 1868 1868 CD 34457 4656 6 , , , 34457 4656 7 66 66 CD 34457 4656 8 . . . 34457 4657 1 795 795 CD 34457 4657 2 . . . 34457 4658 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4658 2 86 86 CD 34457 4658 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4658 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4658 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4658 6 . . . 34457 4659 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4659 2 . . . 34457 4659 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4659 4 , , , 34457 4659 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4659 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4659 7 5 5 CD 34457 4659 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4659 9 , , , 34457 4659 10 18 18 CD 34457 4659 11 . . . 34457 4660 1 210 210 CD 34457 4660 2 . . . 34457 4661 1 See see VB 34457 4661 2 also also RB 34457 4661 3 Roozeboom roozeboom NN 34457 4661 4 , , , 34457 4661 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4661 6 Das Das NNP 34457 4661 7 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4661 8 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4661 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4661 10 , , , 34457 4661 11 I. I. NNP 34457 4661 12 p. p. NN 34457 4661 13 177 177 CD 34457 4661 14 . . . 34457 4662 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4662 2 87 87 CD 34457 4662 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4662 4 Brauns Brauns NNP 34457 4662 5 , , , 34457 4662 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4662 7 Neues Neues NNP 34457 4662 8 Jahrbuch Jahrbuch NNP 34457 4662 9 für für NNP 34457 4662 10 Mineralogie Mineralogie NNP 34457 4662 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4662 12 , , , 34457 4662 13 1900 1900 CD 34457 4662 14 , , , 34457 4662 15 13 13 CD 34457 4662 16 . . . 34457 4663 1 Beilage beilage NN 34457 4663 2 - - HYPH 34457 4663 3 Band Band NNP 34457 4663 4 , , , 34457 4663 5 p. p. NN 34457 4663 6 39 39 CD 34457 4663 7 ; ; : 34457 4663 8 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4663 9 , , , 34457 4663 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4663 11 Das Das NNP 34457 4663 12 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4663 13 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4663 14 _ _ NNP 34457 4663 15 , , , 34457 4663 16 I. I. NNP 34457 4663 17 p. p. NN 34457 4663 18 181 181 CD 34457 4663 19 . . . 34457 4664 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4664 2 88 88 CD 34457 4664 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4664 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4664 5 Monatshefte Monatshefte NNP 34457 4664 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4664 7 , , , 34457 4664 8 1888 1888 CD 34457 4664 9 , , , 34457 4664 10 9 9 CD 34457 4664 11 . . . 34457 4665 1 435 435 CD 34457 4665 2 . . . 34457 4666 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4666 2 89 89 CD 34457 4666 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4666 4 Gattermann Gattermann NNP 34457 4666 5 , , , 34457 4666 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4666 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4666 8 . . . 34457 4666 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4666 10 , , , 34457 4666 11 1890 1890 CD 34457 4666 12 , , , 34457 4666 13 53 53 CD 34457 4666 14 . . . 34457 4667 1 1738 1738 CD 34457 4667 2 . . . 34457 4668 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4668 2 90 90 CD 34457 4668 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4668 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4668 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4668 6 . . . 34457 4669 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4669 2 . . . 34457 4670 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4670 2 . . . 34457 4670 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4670 4 , , , 34457 4670 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 4670 6 , , , 34457 4670 7 4 4 CD 34457 4670 8 . . . 34457 4671 1 468 468 CD 34457 4671 2 ; ; : 34457 4671 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4671 4 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4671 5 der der IN 34457 4671 6 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4671 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4671 8 , , , 34457 4671 9 1900 1900 CD 34457 4671 10 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4671 11 4 4 CD 34457 4671 12 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4671 13 , , , 34457 4671 14 2 2 CD 34457 4671 15 . . . 34457 4672 1 649 649 CD 34457 4672 2 . . . 34457 4673 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4673 2 91 91 CD 34457 4673 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4673 4 Quincke Quincke NNP 34457 4673 5 , , , 34457 4673 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4673 7 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4673 8 der der IN 34457 4673 9 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4673 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4673 11 , , , 34457 4673 12 1894 1894 CD 34457 4673 13 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4673 14 3 3 CD 34457 4673 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4673 16 , , , 34457 4673 17 53 53 CD 34457 4673 18 . . . 34457 4674 1 613 613 CD 34457 4674 2 ; ; : 34457 4674 3 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4674 4 , , , 34457 4674 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4674 6 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4674 7 der der IN 34457 4674 8 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4674 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4674 10 , , , 34457 4674 11 1901 1901 CD 34457 4674 12 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4674 13 4 4 CD 34457 4674 14 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4674 15 , , , 34457 4674 16 4 4 CD 34457 4674 17 . . . 34457 4675 1 524 524 CD 34457 4675 2 ; ; : 34457 4675 3 1902 1902 CD 34457 4675 4 , , , 34457 4675 5 8 8 CD 34457 4675 6 . . . 34457 4676 1 103 103 CD 34457 4676 2 ; ; : 34457 4676 3 Rotarski Rotarski NNP 34457 4676 4 , , , 34457 4676 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4676 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4676 7 . . . 34457 4676 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4676 9 , , , 34457 4676 10 4 4 CD 34457 4676 11 . . . 34457 4677 1 528 528 CD 34457 4677 2 . . . 34457 4678 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4678 2 92 92 CD 34457 4678 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4678 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4678 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4678 6 der der IN 34457 4678 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4678 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4678 9 , , , 34457 4678 10 1900 1900 CD 34457 4678 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4678 12 4 4 CD 34457 4678 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4678 14 , , , 34457 4678 15 2 2 CD 34457 4678 16 . . . 34457 4679 1 649 649 CD 34457 4679 2 . . . 34457 4680 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4680 2 93 93 CD 34457 4680 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4680 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4680 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4680 6 der der IN 34457 4680 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4680 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4680 9 , , , 34457 4680 10 1902 1902 CD 34457 4680 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4680 12 4 4 CD 34457 4680 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4680 14 , , , 34457 4680 15 8 8 CD 34457 4680 16 . . . 34457 4681 1 911 911 CD 34457 4681 2 . . . 34457 4682 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4682 2 94 94 CD 34457 4682 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4682 4 See see VB 34457 4682 5 , , , 34457 4682 6 more more RBR 34457 4682 7 especially especially RB 34457 4682 8 , , , 34457 4682 9 O. O. NNP 34457 4682 10 Lehmann Lehmann NNP 34457 4682 11 , , , 34457 4682 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4682 13 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4682 14 der der IN 34457 4682 15 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4682 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4682 17 , , , 34457 4682 18 1900 1900 CD 34457 4682 19 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4682 20 4 4 CD 34457 4682 21 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4682 22 , , , 34457 4682 23 2 2 CD 34457 4682 24 . . . 34457 4683 1 649 649 CD 34457 4683 2 ; ; : 34457 4683 3 Reinitzer Reinitzer NNP 34457 4683 4 , , , 34457 4683 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4683 6 Sitzungsber Sitzungsber NNP 34457 4683 7 . . . 34457 4684 1 kaiserl kaiserl NNP 34457 4684 2 . . . 34457 4685 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 4685 2 . . . 34457 4686 1 zu zu NNP 34457 4686 2 Wien Wien NNP 34457 4686 3 . . . 34457 4686 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4686 5 , , , 34457 4686 6 1888 1888 CD 34457 4686 7 , , , 34457 4686 8 94 94 CD 34457 4686 9 . . . 34457 4687 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4687 2 2 2 CD 34457 4687 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4687 4 , , , 34457 4687 5 719 719 CD 34457 4687 6 ; ; : 34457 4687 7 97 97 CD 34457 4687 8 . . . 34457 4688 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4688 2 1 1 CD 34457 4688 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4688 4 , , , 34457 4688 5 167 167 CD 34457 4688 6 ; ; : 34457 4688 7 Gattermann Gattermann NNP 34457 4688 8 , , , 34457 4688 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4688 10 loc loc NNP 34457 4688 11 . . . 34457 4689 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4689 2 . . . 34457 4689 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4689 4 ; ; : 34457 4689 5 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 4689 6 , , , 34457 4689 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4689 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4689 9 . . . 34457 4690 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4690 2 . . . 34457 4691 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4691 2 . . . 34457 4691 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4691 4 , , , 34457 4691 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4691 6 , , , 34457 4691 7 23 23 CD 34457 4691 8 . . . 34457 4692 1 703 703 CD 34457 4692 2 ; ; : 34457 4692 3 1898 1898 CD 34457 4692 4 , , , 34457 4692 5 25 25 CD 34457 4692 6 . . . 34457 4693 1 337 337 CD 34457 4693 2 ; ; : 34457 4693 3 27 27 CD 34457 4693 4 . . . 34457 4694 1 170 170 CD 34457 4694 2 ; ; : 34457 4694 3 1899 1899 CD 34457 4694 4 , , , 34457 4694 5 28 28 CD 34457 4694 6 . . . 34457 4695 1 280 280 CD 34457 4695 2 ; ; : 34457 4695 3 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 4695 4 and and CC 34457 4695 5 Schneider Schneider NNP 34457 4695 6 , , , 34457 4695 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4695 8 ibid ibid NN 34457 4695 9 . . . 34457 4695 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4695 11 , , , 34457 4695 12 1899 1899 CD 34457 4695 13 , , , 34457 4695 14 29 29 CD 34457 4695 15 . . . 34457 4696 1 546 546 CD 34457 4696 2 ; ; : 34457 4696 3 Abegg Abegg NNP 34457 4696 4 and and CC 34457 4696 5 Seitz Seitz NNP 34457 4696 6 , , , 34457 4696 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4696 8 ibid ibid NN 34457 4696 9 . . . 34457 4696 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4696 11 , , , 34457 4696 12 1899 1899 CD 34457 4696 13 , , , 34457 4696 14 29 29 CD 34457 4696 15 . . . 34457 4697 1 491 491 LS 34457 4697 2 ; ; : 34457 4697 3 Hulett Hulett NNP 34457 4697 4 , , , 34457 4697 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4697 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4697 7 . . . 34457 4697 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4697 9 , , , 34457 4697 10 1899 1899 CD 34457 4697 11 , , , 34457 4697 12 28 28 CD 34457 4697 13 . . . 34457 4698 1 629 629 CD 34457 4698 2 ; ; : 34457 4698 3 Coehn Coehn NNP 34457 4698 4 , , , 34457 4698 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4698 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4698 7 . . . 34457 4699 1 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 4699 2 . . . 34457 4699 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4699 4 , , , 34457 4699 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4699 6 , , , 34457 4699 7 10 10 CD 34457 4699 8 . . . 34457 4700 1 856 856 CD 34457 4700 2 : : : 34457 4700 3 Bredig Bredig NNP 34457 4700 4 and and CC 34457 4700 5 Schukowsky Schukowsky NNP 34457 4700 6 , , , 34457 4700 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4700 8 ibid ibid NN 34457 4700 9 . . . 34457 4700 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4700 11 , , , 34457 4700 12 3419 3419 CD 34457 4700 13 . . . 34457 4701 1 For for IN 34457 4701 2 a a DT 34457 4701 3 full full JJ 34457 4701 4 account account NN 34457 4701 5 of of IN 34457 4701 6 the the DT 34457 4701 7 subject subject NN 34457 4701 8 , , , 34457 4701 9 the the DT 34457 4701 10 reader reader NN 34457 4701 11 is be VBZ 34457 4701 12 referred refer VBN 34457 4701 13 to to IN 34457 4701 14 the the DT 34457 4701 15 work work NN 34457 4701 16 by by IN 34457 4701 17 Lehmann Lehmann NNP 34457 4701 18 , , , 34457 4701 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4701 20 Flüssige flã¼ssige CD 34457 4701 21 Kristalle Kristalle NNP 34457 4701 22 _ _ NNP 34457 4701 23 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4701 24 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 34457 4701 25 , , , 34457 4701 26 1904 1904 CD 34457 4701 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4701 28 , , , 34457 4701 29 or or CC 34457 4701 30 the the DT 34457 4701 31 smaller small JJR 34457 4701 32 monograph monograph NN 34457 4701 33 by by IN 34457 4701 34 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 4701 35 , , , 34457 4701 36 _ _ NNP 34457 4701 37 Kristallinische Kristallinische NNP 34457 4701 38 Flüssigkeiten flã¼ssigkeiten CD 34457 4701 39 und und RB 34457 4701 40 flüssige flüssige . 34457 4701 41 Kristalle Kristalle NNP 34457 4701 42 _ _ NNP 34457 4701 43 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4701 44 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 34457 4701 45 , , , 34457 4701 46 1905 1905 CD 34457 4701 47 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4701 48 . . . 34457 4702 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4702 2 95 95 CD 34457 4702 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4702 4 A. a. NN 34457 4702 5 C. C. NNP 34457 4702 6 de de NNP 34457 4702 7 Kock Kock NNP 34457 4702 8 , , , 34457 4702 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4702 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4702 11 . . . 34457 4703 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4703 2 . . . 34457 4704 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4704 2 . . . 34457 4704 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4704 4 , , , 34457 4704 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4704 6 , , , 34457 4704 7 48 48 CD 34457 4704 8 . . . 34457 4705 1 129 129 CD 34457 4705 2 . . . 34457 4706 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4706 2 96 96 CD 34457 4706 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4706 4 On on IN 34457 4706 5 account account NN 34457 4706 6 of of IN 34457 4706 7 the the DT 34457 4706 8 fact fact NN 34457 4706 9 that that IN 34457 4706 10 all all DT 34457 4706 11 grades grade NNS 34457 4706 12 of of IN 34457 4706 13 rigidity rigidity NN 34457 4706 14 have have VBP 34457 4706 15 been be VBN 34457 4706 16 realized realize VBN 34457 4706 17 between between IN 34457 4706 18 the the DT 34457 4706 19 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 4706 20 solid solid JJ 34457 4706 21 and and CC 34457 4706 22 the the DT 34457 4706 23 liquid liquid JJ 34457 4706 24 state state NN 34457 4706 25 , , , 34457 4706 26 in in IN 34457 4706 27 the the DT 34457 4706 28 case case NN 34457 4706 29 both both DT 34457 4706 30 of of IN 34457 4706 31 crystalline crystalline JJ 34457 4706 32 and and CC 34457 4706 33 amorphous amorphous JJ 34457 4706 34 substances substance NNS 34457 4706 35 , , , 34457 4706 36 it -PRON- PRP 34457 4706 37 has have VBZ 34457 4706 38 been be VBN 34457 4706 39 proposed propose VBN 34457 4706 40 to to TO 34457 4706 41 abandon abandon VB 34457 4706 42 the the DT 34457 4706 43 terms term NNS 34457 4706 44 " " `` 34457 4706 45 solid solid JJ 34457 4706 46 " " '' 34457 4706 47 and and CC 34457 4706 48 " " `` 34457 4706 49 liquid liquid JJ 34457 4706 50 , , , 34457 4706 51 " " '' 34457 4706 52 and and CC 34457 4706 53 to to TO 34457 4706 54 class class VB 34457 4706 55 bodies body NNS 34457 4706 56 as as IN 34457 4706 57 " " `` 34457 4706 58 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 4706 59 " " '' 34457 4706 60 or or CC 34457 4706 61 " " `` 34457 4706 62 amorphous amorphous JJ 34457 4706 63 , , , 34457 4706 64 " " '' 34457 4706 65 the the DT 34457 4706 66 passage passage NN 34457 4706 67 from from IN 34457 4706 68 the the DT 34457 4706 69 one one CD 34457 4706 70 condition condition NN 34457 4706 71 to to IN 34457 4706 72 the the DT 34457 4706 73 other other JJ 34457 4706 74 being be VBG 34457 4706 75 discontinuous discontinuous JJ 34457 4706 76 ; ; : 34457 4706 77 crystalline crystalline NN 34457 4706 78 bodies body NNS 34457 4706 79 possess possess VBP 34457 4706 80 a a DT 34457 4706 81 certain certain JJ 34457 4706 82 regular regular JJ 34457 4706 83 orientation orientation NN 34457 4706 84 of of IN 34457 4706 85 their -PRON- PRP$ 34457 4706 86 molecules molecule NNS 34457 4706 87 and and CC 34457 4706 88 a a DT 34457 4706 89 directive directive JJ 34457 4706 90 force force NN 34457 4706 91 , , , 34457 4706 92 while while IN 34457 4706 93 in in IN 34457 4706 94 amorphous amorphous JJ 34457 4706 95 bodies body NNS 34457 4706 96 these these DT 34457 4706 97 are be VBP 34457 4706 98 wanting want VBG 34457 4706 99 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4706 100 see see VB 34457 4706 101 Lehmann Lehmann NNP 34457 4706 102 , , , 34457 4706 103 _ _ NNP 34457 4706 104 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4706 105 der der IN 34457 4706 106 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4706 107 _ _ NNP 34457 4706 108 , , , 34457 4706 109 1900 1900 CD 34457 4706 110 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4706 111 4 4 CD 34457 4706 112 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4706 113 , , , 34457 4706 114 2 2 CD 34457 4706 115 . . . 34457 4707 1 696 696 CD 34457 4707 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4707 3 . . . 34457 4708 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4708 2 97 97 CD 34457 4708 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4708 4 Hulett Hulett NNP 34457 4708 5 , , , 34457 4708 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4708 7 loc loc NN 34457 4708 8 . . . 34457 4709 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4709 2 . . . 34457 4709 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4709 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4709 5 98 98 CD 34457 4709 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4709 7 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4709 8 , , , 34457 4709 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4709 10 Das Das NNP 34457 4709 11 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4709 12 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4709 13 _ _ NNP 34457 4709 14 , , , 34457 4709 15 I. I. NNP 34457 4709 16 p. p. NN 34457 4709 17 144 144 CD 34457 4709 18 . . . 34457 4710 1 See see VB 34457 4710 2 also also RB 34457 4710 3 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 4710 4 , , , 34457 4710 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4710 6 Kristallinische Kristallinische NNP 34457 4710 7 Flüssigkeiten flã¼ssigkeiten CD 34457 4710 8 und und RB 34457 4710 9 flüssige flüssige . 34457 4710 10 Kristalle Kristalle NNP 34457 4710 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4710 12 , , , 34457 4710 13 p. p. NN 34457 4710 14 8 8 CD 34457 4710 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4710 16 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 34457 4710 17 , , , 34457 4710 18 1904 1904 CD 34457 4710 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4710 20 . . . 34457 4711 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4711 2 99 99 CD 34457 4711 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4711 4 The the DT 34457 4711 5 possible possible JJ 34457 4711 6 number number NN 34457 4711 7 of of IN 34457 4711 8 triple triple JJ 34457 4711 9 points point NNS 34457 4711 10 in in IN 34457 4711 11 a a DT 34457 4711 12 one one CD 34457 4711 13 - - HYPH 34457 4711 14 component component NN 34457 4711 15 system system NN 34457 4711 16 is be VBZ 34457 4711 17 given give VBN 34457 4711 18 by by IN 34457 4711 19 the the DT 34457 4711 20 expression expression NN 34457 4711 21 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4711 22 _ _ NNP 34457 4711 23 n_(_n n_(_n NNP 34457 4711 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4711 25 - - HYPH 34457 4711 26 1)(_n 1)(_n CD 34457 4711 27 _ _ NNP 34457 4711 28 - - HYPH 34457 4711 29 2))/1.2.3 2))/1.2.3 NNP 34457 4711 30 , , , 34457 4711 31 where where WRB 34457 4711 32 _ _ NNP 34457 4711 33 n n CC 34457 4711 34 _ _ NNP 34457 4711 35 is be VBZ 34457 4711 36 the the DT 34457 4711 37 number number NN 34457 4711 38 of of IN 34457 4711 39 phases phase NNS 34457 4711 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4711 41 Riecke Riecke NNP 34457 4711 42 , , , 34457 4711 43 _ _ NNP 34457 4711 44 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4711 45 . . . 34457 4712 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4712 2 . . . 34457 4713 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4713 2 . . . 34457 4713 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4713 4 , , , 34457 4713 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 4713 6 , , , 34457 4713 7 6 6 CD 34457 4713 8 , , , 34457 4713 9 411 411 CD 34457 4713 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4713 11 . . . 34457 4714 1 The the DT 34457 4714 2 number number NN 34457 4714 3 of of IN 34457 4714 4 triple triple JJ 34457 4714 5 points point NNS 34457 4714 6 , , , 34457 4714 7 therefore therefore RB 34457 4714 8 , , , 34457 4714 9 increases increase NNS 34457 4714 10 very very RB 34457 4714 11 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 4714 12 as as IN 34457 4714 13 the the DT 34457 4714 14 number number NN 34457 4714 15 of of IN 34457 4714 16 possible possible JJ 34457 4714 17 phases phase NNS 34457 4714 18 increases increase NNS 34457 4714 19 . . . 34457 4715 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4715 2 100 100 CD 34457 4715 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4715 4 Duhem Duhem NNP 34457 4715 5 , , , 34457 4715 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4715 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4715 8 . . . 34457 4716 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4716 2 . . . 34457 4717 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4717 2 . . . 34457 4717 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4717 4 , , , 34457 4717 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 4717 6 , , , 34457 4717 7 8 8 CD 34457 4717 8 . . . 34457 4718 1 371 371 CD 34457 4718 2 . . . 34457 4719 1 _ _ NNP 34457 4719 2 Cf Cf NNP 34457 4719 3 . . . 34457 4719 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4719 5 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4719 6 , , , 34457 4719 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4719 8 Das Das NNP 34457 4719 9 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4719 10 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4719 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4719 12 , , , 34457 4719 13 p. p. NN 34457 4719 14 94 94 CD 34457 4719 15 ff ff NN 34457 4719 16 . . . 34457 4720 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4720 2 101 101 CD 34457 4720 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4720 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4720 5 , , , 34457 4720 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4720 7 Das Das NNP 34457 4720 8 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4720 9 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4720 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4720 11 , , , 34457 4720 12 I. I. NNP 34457 4720 13 p. p. NN 34457 4720 14 99 99 CD 34457 4720 15 . . . 34457 4721 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4721 2 102 102 CD 34457 4721 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4721 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4721 5 , , , 34457 4721 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4721 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4721 8 . . . 34457 4722 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4722 2 . . . 34457 4723 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4723 2 . . . 34457 4723 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4723 4 , , , 34457 4723 5 1888 1888 CD 34457 4723 6 , , , 34457 4723 7 2 2 CD 34457 4723 8 . . . 34457 4724 1 474 474 CD 34457 4724 2 . . . 34457 4725 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4725 2 103 103 CD 34457 4725 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4725 4 These these DT 34457 4725 5 changes change NNS 34457 4725 6 can can MD 34457 4725 7 be be VB 34457 4725 8 predicted predict VBN 34457 4725 9 quantitatively quantitatively RB 34457 4725 10 by by IN 34457 4725 11 means mean NNS 34457 4725 12 of of IN 34457 4725 13 the the DT 34457 4725 14 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ 34457 4725 15 equation equation NN 34457 4725 16 , , , 34457 4725 17 _ _ NNP 34457 4725 18 dp_/_dt dp_/_dt NNP 34457 4725 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4725 20 = = SYM 34457 4725 21 Q/(T(_v_{2 Q/(T(_v_{2 NNP 34457 4725 22 } } -RRB- 34457 4725 23 _ _ NNP 34457 4725 24 - - HYPH 34457 4725 25 _ _ NNP 34457 4725 26 v_{1 v_{1 NN 34457 4725 27 } } -RRB- 34457 4725 28 _ _ NNP 34457 4725 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4725 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4725 31 , , , 34457 4725 32 provided provide VBD 34457 4725 33 the the DT 34457 4725 34 specific specific JJ 34457 4725 35 volumes volume NNS 34457 4725 36 of of IN 34457 4725 37 the the DT 34457 4725 38 phases phase NNS 34457 4725 39 are be VBP 34457 4725 40 known know VBN 34457 4725 41 , , , 34457 4725 42 and and CC 34457 4725 43 the the DT 34457 4725 44 heat heat NN 34457 4725 45 effect effect NN 34457 4725 46 which which WDT 34457 4725 47 accompanies accompany VBZ 34457 4725 48 the the DT 34457 4725 49 transformation transformation NN 34457 4725 50 of of IN 34457 4725 51 one one CD 34457 4725 52 phase phase NN 34457 4725 53 into into IN 34457 4725 54 the the DT 34457 4725 55 other other JJ 34457 4725 56 . . . 34457 4726 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4726 2 104 104 CD 34457 4726 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4726 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4726 5 Studies Studies NNP 34457 4726 6 on on IN 34457 4726 7 Chemical Chemical NNP 34457 4726 8 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS 34457 4726 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4726 10 , , , 34457 4726 11 translated translate VBN 34457 4726 12 by by IN 34457 4726 13 Ewan Ewan NNP 34457 4726 14 , , , 34457 4726 15 p. p. NN 34457 4726 16 218 218 CD 34457 4726 17 . . . 34457 4727 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4727 2 105 105 CD 34457 4727 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4727 4 Le Le NNP 34457 4727 5 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 4727 6 , , , 34457 4727 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4727 8 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4727 9 . . . 34457 4728 1 rend rend VB 34457 4728 2 . . . 34457 4728 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4728 4 , , , 34457 4728 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4728 6 , , , 34457 4728 7 99 99 CD 34457 4728 8 . . . 34457 4729 1 786 786 CD 34457 4729 2 . . . 34457 4730 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4730 2 106 106 CD 34457 4730 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4730 4 See See NNP 34457 4730 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4730 6 Principles Principles NNPS 34457 4730 7 of of IN 34457 4730 8 Inorganic Inorganic NNP 34457 4730 9 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 4730 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4730 11 , , , 34457 4730 12 translated translate VBN 34457 4730 13 by by IN 34457 4730 14 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 4730 15 , , , 34457 4730 16 2nd 2nd JJ 34457 4730 17 edit edit NN 34457 4730 18 . . . 34457 4730 19 , , , 34457 4730 20 p. p. NN 34457 4730 21 133 133 CD 34457 4730 22 . . . 34457 4731 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4731 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 34457 4731 3 , , , 34457 4731 4 1904 1904 CD 34457 4731 5 . . . 34457 4731 6 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4732 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4732 2 107 107 CD 34457 4732 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4732 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4732 5 , , , 34457 4732 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4732 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4732 8 . . . 34457 4733 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4733 2 . . . 34457 4734 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4734 2 . . . 34457 4734 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4734 4 , , , 34457 4734 5 1888 1888 CD 34457 4734 6 , , , 34457 4734 7 2 2 CD 34457 4734 8 . . . 34457 4735 1 474 474 CD 34457 4735 2 . . . 34457 4736 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4736 2 108 108 CD 34457 4736 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4736 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4736 5 , , , 34457 4736 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4736 7 Das Das NNP 34457 4736 8 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4736 9 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4736 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4736 11 , , , 34457 4736 12 I. I. NNP 34457 4736 13 p. p. NN 34457 4736 14 189 189 CD 34457 4736 15 . . . 34457 4737 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4737 2 109 109 CD 34457 4737 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4737 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4737 5 , , , 34457 4737 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4737 7 Das Das NNP 34457 4737 8 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4737 9 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4737 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4737 11 , , , 34457 4737 12 I. I. NNP 34457 4737 13 p. p. NN 34457 4737 14 125 125 CD 34457 4737 15 . . . 34457 4738 1 See see VB 34457 4738 2 also also RB 34457 4738 3 Zawidski Zawidski NNP 34457 4738 4 , , , 34457 4738 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4738 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4738 7 . . . 34457 4739 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4739 2 . . . 34457 4740 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4740 2 . . . 34457 4740 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4740 4 , , , 34457 4740 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4740 6 , , , 34457 4740 7 47 47 CD 34457 4740 8 . . . 34457 4741 1 727 727 CD 34457 4741 2 ; ; : 34457 4741 3 van van NNP 34457 4741 4 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 4741 5 , , , 34457 4741 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4741 7 ibid ibid NN 34457 4741 8 . . . 34457 4741 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4741 10 , , , 34457 4741 11 1905 1905 CD 34457 4741 12 , , , 34457 4741 13 51 51 CD 34457 4741 14 . . . 34457 4742 1 720 720 CD 34457 4742 2 . . . 34457 4743 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4743 2 110 110 CD 34457 4743 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4743 4 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 4743 5 - - HYPH 34457 4743 6 Austen Austen NNP 34457 4743 7 , , , 34457 4743 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4743 9 Proc Proc NNP 34457 4743 10 . . . 34457 4744 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 4744 2 . . . 34457 4745 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4745 2 . . . 34457 4745 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4745 4 , , , 34457 4745 5 63 63 CD 34457 4745 6 . . . 34457 4746 1 454 454 CD 34457 4746 2 ; ; : 34457 4746 3 Spring Spring NNP 34457 4746 4 , , , 34457 4746 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4746 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4746 7 . . . 34457 4747 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4747 2 . . . 34457 4748 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4748 2 . . . 34457 4748 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4748 4 , , , 34457 4748 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 4748 6 , , , 34457 4748 7 15 15 CD 34457 4748 8 . . . 34457 4749 1 65 65 CD 34457 4749 2 . . . 34457 4750 1 See see VB 34457 4750 2 also also RB 34457 4750 3 p. p. NN 34457 4750 4 35 35 CD 34457 4750 5 . . . 34457 4751 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4751 2 111 111 CD 34457 4751 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4751 4 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4751 5 and and CC 34457 4751 6 Young Young NNP 34457 4751 7 , , , 34457 4751 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4751 9 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4751 10 . . . 34457 4752 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4752 2 . . . 34457 4752 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4752 4 , , , 34457 4752 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4752 6 , , , 34457 4752 7 175 175 CD 34457 4752 8 . . . 34457 4753 1 461 461 CD 34457 4753 2 ; ; : 34457 4753 3 Allen Allen NNP 34457 4753 4 , , , 34457 4753 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4753 6 Trans Trans NNP 34457 4753 7 . . . 34457 4754 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4754 2 . . . 34457 4755 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4755 2 . . . 34457 4755 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4755 4 , , , 34457 4755 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 4755 6 , , , 34457 4755 7 77 77 CD 34457 4755 8 . . . 34457 4756 1 413 413 CD 34457 4756 2 . . . 34457 4757 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4757 2 112 112 CD 34457 4757 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4757 4 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4757 5 and and CC 34457 4757 6 Young Young NNP 34457 4757 7 , , , 34457 4757 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4757 9 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4757 10 . . . 34457 4758 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4758 2 . . . 34457 4758 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4758 4 1886 1886 CD 34457 4758 5 , , , 34457 4758 6 177 177 CD 34457 4758 7 . . . 34457 4759 1 87 87 CD 34457 4759 2 . . . 34457 4760 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4760 2 113 113 CD 34457 4760 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4760 4 This this DT 34457 4760 5 is be VBZ 34457 4760 6 exemplified exemplify VBN 34457 4760 7 in in IN 34457 4760 8 the the DT 34457 4760 9 well well RB 34457 4760 10 - - HYPH 34457 4760 11 known know VBN 34457 4760 12 experiment experiment NN 34457 4760 13 with with IN 34457 4760 14 the the DT 34457 4760 15 cryophorus cryophorus NN 34457 4760 16 . . . 34457 4761 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4761 2 114 114 CD 34457 4761 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4761 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4761 5 has have VBZ 34457 4761 6 , , , 34457 4761 7 however however RB 34457 4761 8 , , , 34457 4761 9 found find VBD 34457 4761 10 that that IN 34457 4761 11 the the DT 34457 4761 12 fusion fusion NN 34457 4761 13 curve curve NN 34457 4761 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4761 15 solid solid JJ 34457 4761 16 in in IN 34457 4761 17 contact contact NN 34457 4761 18 with with IN 34457 4761 19 liquid liquid NN 34457 4761 20 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4761 21 of of IN 34457 4761 22 phosphonium phosphonium NN 34457 4761 23 chloride chloride NN 34457 4761 24 can can MD 34457 4761 25 be be VB 34457 4761 26 followed follow VBN 34457 4761 27 up up RP 34457 4761 28 to to IN 34457 4761 29 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 4761 30 above above IN 34457 4761 31 the the DT 34457 4761 32 critical critical JJ 34457 4761 33 point point NN 34457 4761 34 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4761 35 _ _ NNP 34457 4761 36 Arch Arch NNP 34457 4761 37 . . . 34457 4762 1 nà nà NNP 34457 4762 2 © © UH 34457 4762 3 er er UH 34457 4762 4 . . . 34457 4762 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4762 6 , , , 34457 4762 7 1901 1901 CD 34457 4762 8 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4762 9 2 2 CD 34457 4762 10 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4762 11 , , , 34457 4762 12 6 6 CD 34457 4762 13 . . . 34457 4763 1 244 244 CD 34457 4763 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4763 3 . . . 34457 4764 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4764 2 115 115 CD 34457 4764 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4764 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4764 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4764 6 . . . 34457 4765 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4765 2 . . . 34457 4765 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4765 4 , , , 34457 4765 5 1886 1886 CD 34457 4765 6 , , , 34457 4765 7 21 21 CD 34457 4765 8 . . . 34457 4766 1 33 33 CD 34457 4766 2 . . . 34457 4767 1 See see VB 34457 4767 2 also also RB 34457 4767 3 S. S. NNP 34457 4767 4 A. a. NN 34457 4767 5 Moss Moss NNP 34457 4767 6 , , , 34457 4767 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4767 8 Physical Physical NNP 34457 4767 9 Review Review NNP 34457 4767 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4767 11 , , , 34457 4767 12 1903 1903 CD 34457 4767 13 , , , 34457 4767 14 16 16 CD 34457 4767 15 . . . 34457 4768 1 356 356 CD 34457 4768 2 . . . 34457 4769 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4769 2 116 116 CD 34457 4769 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4769 4 This this DT 34457 4769 5 is be VBZ 34457 4769 6 found find VBN 34457 4769 7 also also RB 34457 4769 8 in in IN 34457 4769 9 the the DT 34457 4769 10 case case NN 34457 4769 11 of of IN 34457 4769 12 bismuth bismuth NNP 34457 4769 13 . . . 34457 4770 1 See See NNP 34457 4770 2 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4770 3 , , , 34457 4770 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4770 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4770 6 . . . 34457 4771 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 4771 2 . . . 34457 4772 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4772 2 . . . 34457 4772 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4772 4 , , , 34457 4772 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4772 6 , , , 34457 4772 7 40 40 CD 34457 4772 8 . . . 34457 4773 1 54 54 CD 34457 4773 2 . . . 34457 4774 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4774 2 117 117 CD 34457 4774 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4774 4 See see VB 34457 4774 5 p. p. NN 34457 4774 6 57 57 CD 34457 4774 7 , , , 34457 4774 8 footnote footnote NN 34457 4774 9 . . . 34457 4775 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4775 2 118 118 CD 34457 4775 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4775 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4775 5 Pogg Pogg NNP 34457 4775 6 . . . 34457 4776 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4776 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4776 3 , , , 34457 4776 4 1850 1850 CD 34457 4776 5 , , , 34457 4776 6 81 81 CD 34457 4776 7 . . . 34457 4777 1 562 562 CD 34457 4777 2 . . . 34457 4778 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4778 2 119 119 CD 34457 4778 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4778 4 Barus Barus NNP 34457 4778 5 , , , 34457 4778 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4778 7 Amer Amer NNP 34457 4778 8 . . . 34457 4779 1 Jour Jour NNP 34457 4779 2 . . . 34457 4780 1 Sci Sci NNP 34457 4780 2 . . NNP 34457 4780 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4780 4 , , , 34457 4780 5 1892 1892 CD 34457 4780 6 , , , 34457 4780 7 42 42 CD 34457 4780 8 . . . 34457 4781 1 125 125 LS 34457 4781 2 ; ; : 34457 4781 3 Mack Mack NNP 34457 4781 4 , , , 34457 4781 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4781 6 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4781 7 . . . 34457 4782 1 rend rend VB 34457 4782 2 . . . 34457 4782 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4782 4 , , , 34457 4782 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 4782 6 , , , 34457 4782 7 127 127 CD 34457 4782 8 . . . 34457 4783 1 361 361 CD 34457 4783 2 ; ; : 34457 4783 3 Hulett Hulett NNP 34457 4783 4 , , , 34457 4783 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4783 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4783 7 . . . 34457 4784 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4784 2 . . . 34457 4785 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4785 2 . . . 34457 4785 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4785 4 , , , 34457 4785 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 4785 6 , , , 34457 4785 7 38 38 CD 34457 4785 8 . . . 34457 4786 1 629 629 CD 34457 4786 2 . . . 34457 4787 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4787 2 120 120 CD 34457 4787 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4787 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4787 5 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4787 6 der der IN 34457 4787 7 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4787 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4787 9 , , , 34457 4787 10 1899 1899 CD 34457 4787 11 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4787 12 3 3 CD 34457 4787 13 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4787 14 , , , 34457 4787 15 68 68 CD 34457 4787 16 . . . 34457 4788 1 553 553 CD 34457 4788 2 , , , 34457 4788 3 629 629 CD 34457 4788 4 ; ; : 34457 4788 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 4788 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4788 7 4 4 CD 34457 4788 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4788 9 , , , 34457 4788 10 1 1 CD 34457 4788 11 . . . 34457 4789 1 275 275 CD 34457 4789 2 ; ; : 34457 4789 3 2 2 CD 34457 4789 4 . . . 34457 4790 1 1 1 CD 34457 4790 2 ; ; SYM 34457 4790 3 3 3 CD 34457 4790 4 . . . 34457 4791 1 161 161 CD 34457 4791 2 . . . 34457 4792 1 See see VB 34457 4792 2 also also RB 34457 4792 3 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4792 4 , , , 34457 4792 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4792 6 Kristallisieren Kristallisieren NNP 34457 4792 7 und und IN 34457 4792 8 Schmelzen Schmelzen NNP 34457 4792 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4792 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4792 11 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 34457 4792 12 , , , 34457 4792 13 1903 1903 CD 34457 4792 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4792 15 . . . 34457 4793 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4793 2 121 121 CD 34457 4793 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4793 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4793 5 , , , 34457 4793 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4793 7 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4793 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4793 9 , , , 34457 4793 10 II II NNP 34457 4793 11 . . . 34457 4794 1 2 2 LS 34457 4794 2 . . . 34457 4795 1 373 373 CD 34457 4795 2 ; ; : 34457 4795 3 Poynting Poynting NNP 34457 4795 4 , , , 34457 4795 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4795 6 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4795 7 . . . 34457 4796 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4796 2 . . . 34457 4796 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4796 4 , , , 34457 4796 5 1881 1881 CD 34457 4796 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4796 7 5 5 CD 34457 4796 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4796 9 , , , 34457 4796 10 12 12 CD 34457 4796 11 . . . 34457 4797 1 2 2 LS 34457 4797 2 ; ; : 34457 4797 3 Planck Planck NNP 34457 4797 4 , , , 34457 4797 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4797 6 Wied Wied NNP 34457 4797 7 . . . 34457 4798 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4798 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4798 3 , , , 34457 4798 4 1882 1882 CD 34457 4798 5 , , , 34457 4798 6 15 15 CD 34457 4798 7 . . . 34457 4799 1 446 446 CD 34457 4799 2 . . . 34457 4800 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4800 2 122 122 CD 34457 4800 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4800 4 Bakhuis Bakhuis NNP 34457 4800 5 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4800 6 , , , 34457 4800 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4800 8 Das Das NNP 34457 4800 9 Heterogene Heterogene NNP 34457 4800 10 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 4800 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4800 12 , , , 34457 4800 13 I. I. NNP 34457 4800 14 p. p. NN 34457 4800 15 91 91 CD 34457 4800 16 . . . 34457 4801 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4801 2 123 123 CD 34457 4801 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4801 4 Lussana Lussana NNP 34457 4801 5 , , , 34457 4801 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4801 7 Il Il NNP 34457 4801 8 nuovo nuovo NNP 34457 4801 9 Cimento Cimento NNP 34457 4801 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4801 11 , , , 34457 4801 12 1895 1895 CD 34457 4801 13 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4801 14 4 4 CD 34457 4801 15 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4801 16 , , , 34457 4801 17 1 1 CD 34457 4801 18 . . . 34457 4802 1 105 105 CD 34457 4802 2 . . . 34457 4803 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4803 2 124 124 CD 34457 4803 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4803 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4803 5 , , , 34457 4803 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4803 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4803 8 . . . 34457 4804 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4804 2 . . . 34457 4805 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4805 2 . . . 34457 4805 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4805 4 , , , 34457 4805 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 4805 6 , , , 34457 4805 7 46 46 CD 34457 4805 8 . . . 34457 4806 1 818 818 CD 34457 4806 2 . . . 34457 4807 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4807 2 125 125 CD 34457 4807 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4807 4 Foote Foote NNP 34457 4807 5 , , , 34457 4807 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4807 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4807 8 . . . 34457 4808 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4808 2 . . . 34457 4809 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4809 2 . . . 34457 4809 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4809 4 , , , 34457 4809 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 4809 6 , , , 34457 4809 7 33 33 CD 34457 4809 8 . . . 34457 4810 1 740 740 CD 34457 4810 2 . . . 34457 4811 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4811 2 126 126 CD 34457 4811 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4811 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4811 5 , , , 34457 4811 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4811 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4811 8 . . . 34457 4812 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4812 2 . . . 34457 4813 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4813 2 . . . 34457 4813 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4813 4 , , , 34457 4813 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4813 6 , , , 34457 4813 7 22 22 CD 34457 4813 8 . . . 34457 4814 1 289 289 CD 34457 4814 2 . . . 34457 4815 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4815 2 127 127 CD 34457 4815 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4815 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 4815 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4815 6 , , , 34457 4815 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4815 8 Arch Arch NNP 34457 4815 9 , , , 34457 4815 10 nà nà NNP 34457 4815 11 © © UH 34457 4815 12 er er UH 34457 4815 13 . . . 34457 4815 14 _ _ NNP 34457 4815 15 , , , 34457 4815 16 1901 1901 CD 34457 4815 17 , , , 34457 4815 18 6 6 CD 34457 4815 19 . . . 34457 4816 1 471 471 CD 34457 4816 2 . . . 34457 4817 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4817 2 128 128 CD 34457 4817 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4817 4 See see VB 34457 4817 5 , , , 34457 4817 6 for for IN 34457 4817 7 example example NN 34457 4817 8 , , , 34457 4817 9 the the DT 34457 4817 10 determinations determination NNS 34457 4817 11 of of IN 34457 4817 12 the the DT 34457 4817 13 solubility solubility NN 34457 4817 14 of of IN 34457 4817 15 rhombic rhombic JJ 34457 4817 16 and and CC 34457 4817 17 monoclinic monoclinic JJ 34457 4817 18 sulphur sulphur NN 34457 4817 19 , , , 34457 4817 20 by by IN 34457 4817 21 J. J. NNP 34457 4817 22 Meyer Meyer NNP 34457 4817 23 , , , 34457 4817 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4817 25 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4817 26 . . . 34457 4818 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 4818 2 . . . 34457 4819 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4819 2 . . . 34457 4819 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4819 4 , , , 34457 4819 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 4819 6 , , , 34457 4819 7 33 33 CD 34457 4819 8 . . . 34457 4820 1 140 140 CD 34457 4820 2 . . . 34457 4821 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4821 2 129 129 CD 34457 4821 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4821 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4821 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4821 6 . . . 34457 4822 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4822 2 . . . 34457 4823 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4823 2 . . . 34457 4823 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4823 4 , , , 34457 4823 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 4823 6 , , , 34457 4823 7 32 32 CD 34457 4823 8 . . . 34457 4824 1 506 506 CD 34457 4824 2 . . . 34457 4825 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4825 2 130 130 CD 34457 4825 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4825 4 Kastle Kastle NNP 34457 4825 5 and and CC 34457 4825 6 Reed Reed NNP 34457 4825 7 , , , 34457 4825 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4825 9 Amer Amer NNP 34457 4825 10 . . . 34457 4826 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4826 2 . . . 34457 4827 1 Jour Jour NNP 34457 4827 2 . . NNP 34457 4827 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4827 4 , , , 34457 4827 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 4827 6 , , , 34457 4827 7 27 27 CD 34457 4827 8 . . . 34457 4828 1 209 209 CD 34457 4828 2 . . . 34457 4829 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4829 2 131 131 CD 34457 4829 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4829 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4829 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4829 6 . . . 34457 4830 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4830 2 . . . 34457 4831 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4831 2 . . . 34457 4831 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4831 4 , , , 34457 4831 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 4831 6 , , , 34457 4831 7 35 35 CD 34457 4831 8 . . . 34457 4832 1 581 581 LS 34457 4832 2 . . . 34457 4833 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4833 2 132 132 CD 34457 4833 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4833 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4833 5 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4833 6 . . . 34457 4834 1 rend rend VB 34457 4834 2 . . . 34457 4834 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4834 4 , , , 34457 4834 5 1882 1882 CD 34457 4834 6 , , , 34457 4834 7 95 95 CD 34457 4834 8 . . . 34457 4835 1 1278 1278 CD 34457 4835 2 ; ; : 34457 4835 3 1884 1884 CD 34457 4835 4 , , , 34457 4835 5 97 97 CD 34457 4835 6 . . . 34457 4836 1 1298 1298 CD 34457 4836 2 , , , 34457 4836 3 1366 1366 CD 34457 4836 4 , , , 34457 4836 5 1433 1433 CD 34457 4836 6 . . . 34457 4837 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4837 2 133 133 CD 34457 4837 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4837 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4837 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4837 6 . . . 34457 4838 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4838 2 . . . 34457 4839 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4839 2 . . . 34457 4839 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4839 4 , , , 34457 4839 5 1893 1893 CD 34457 4839 6 , , , 34457 4839 7 12 12 CD 34457 4839 8 . . . 34457 4840 1 545 545 CD 34457 4840 2 . . . 34457 4841 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4841 2 134 134 CD 34457 4841 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4841 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4841 5 Sitzungsber Sitzungsber NNP 34457 4841 6 . . . 34457 4842 1 Wiener Wiener NNP 34457 4842 2 Akad Akad NNP 34457 4842 3 . . . 34457 4842 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4842 5 , , , 34457 4842 6 1894 1894 CD 34457 4842 7 , , , 34457 4842 8 103 103 CD 34457 4842 9 . . . 34457 4843 1 IIa IIa NNS 34457 4843 2 . . . 34457 4844 1 226 226 CD 34457 4844 2 . . . 34457 4845 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4845 2 135 135 CD 34457 4845 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4845 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4845 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4845 6 . . . 34457 4846 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4846 2 . . . 34457 4847 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4847 2 . . . 34457 4847 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4847 4 , , , 34457 4847 5 23 23 CD 34457 4847 6 - - SYM 34457 4847 7 29 29 CD 34457 4847 8 . . . 34457 4848 1 See see VB 34457 4848 2 also also RB 34457 4848 3 Küster Küster NNP 34457 4848 4 , , , 34457 4848 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4848 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4848 7 . . . 34457 4848 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4848 9 , , , 34457 4848 10 25 25 CD 34457 4848 11 - - SYM 34457 4848 12 28 28 CD 34457 4848 13 . . . 34457 4849 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4849 2 136 136 CD 34457 4849 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4849 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4849 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4849 6 . . . 34457 4850 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4850 2 . . . 34457 4851 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4851 2 . . . 34457 4851 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4851 4 , , , 34457 4851 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4851 6 , , , 34457 4851 7 24 24 CD 34457 4851 8 . . . 34457 4852 1 152 152 CD 34457 4852 2 . . . 34457 4853 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4853 2 137 137 CD 34457 4853 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4853 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4853 5 Ibid Ibid NNP 34457 4853 6 . . . 34457 4853 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4853 8 , , , 34457 4853 9 1898 1898 CD 34457 4853 10 , , , 34457 4853 11 27 27 CD 34457 4853 12 . . . 34457 4854 1 585 585 CD 34457 4854 2 . . . 34457 4855 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4855 2 138 138 CD 34457 4855 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4855 4 See see VB 34457 4855 5 W. W. NNP 34457 4855 6 Guertler Guertler NNP 34457 4855 7 , , , 34457 4855 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4855 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4855 10 . . . 34457 4856 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 4856 2 . . . 34457 4857 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4857 2 . . . 34457 4857 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4857 4 , , , 34457 4857 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4857 6 , , , 34457 4857 7 40 40 CD 34457 4857 8 . . . 34457 4858 1 268 268 CD 34457 4858 2 ; ; : 34457 4858 3 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 4858 4 , , , 34457 4858 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4858 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4858 7 . . . 34457 4859 1 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 4859 2 . . . 34457 4859 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4859 4 , , , 34457 4859 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4859 6 , , , 34457 4859 7 10 10 CD 34457 4859 8 . . . 34457 4860 1 532 532 CD 34457 4860 2 . . . 34457 4861 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4861 2 139 139 CD 34457 4861 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4861 4 E. E. NNP 34457 4861 5 von von NNP 34457 4861 6 Pickardt Pickardt NNP 34457 4861 7 , , , 34457 4861 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4861 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4861 10 . . . 34457 4862 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4862 2 . . . 34457 4863 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4863 2 . . . 34457 4863 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4863 4 , , , 34457 4863 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 4863 6 , , , 34457 4863 7 42 42 CD 34457 4863 8 . . . 34457 4864 1 17 17 CD 34457 4864 2 . . . 34457 4865 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4865 2 140 140 CD 34457 4865 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4865 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4865 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4865 6 . . . 34457 4866 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4866 2 . . . 34457 4867 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4867 2 . . . 34457 4867 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4867 4 , , , 34457 4867 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4867 6 , , , 34457 4867 7 48 48 CD 34457 4867 8 . . . 34457 4868 1 467 467 CD 34457 4868 2 . . . 34457 4869 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4869 2 141 141 CD 34457 4869 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4869 4 M. M. NNP 34457 4869 5 Padoa Padoa NNP 34457 4869 6 , , , 34457 4869 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4869 8 Accad Accad NNP 34457 4869 9 . . . 34457 4870 1 Lincei Lincei NNP 34457 4870 2 , , , 34457 4870 3 Atti Atti NNP 34457 4870 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4870 5 , , , 34457 4870 6 1904 1904 CD 34457 4870 7 , , , 34457 4870 8 13 13 CD 34457 4870 9 . . . 34457 4871 1 329 329 CD 34457 4871 2 . . . 34457 4872 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4872 2 142 142 CD 34457 4872 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4872 4 Deville Deville NNP 34457 4872 5 , , , 34457 4872 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4872 7 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4872 8 . . . 34457 4873 1 rend rend VB 34457 4873 2 . . . 34457 4873 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4873 4 , , , 34457 4873 5 1852 1852 CD 34457 4873 6 , , , 34457 4873 7 34 34 CD 34457 4873 8 . . . 34457 4874 1 561 561 CD 34457 4874 2 ; ; : 34457 4874 3 Payen Payen NNP 34457 4874 4 , , , 34457 4874 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4874 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4874 7 . . . 34457 4874 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4874 9 , , , 34457 4874 10 1852 1852 CD 34457 4874 11 , , , 34457 4874 12 34 34 CD 34457 4874 13 . . . 34457 4875 1 508 508 CD 34457 4875 2 ; ; : 34457 4875 3 Debray Debray NNP 34457 4875 4 , , , 34457 4875 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4875 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 4875 7 . . . 34457 4875 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4875 9 , , , 34457 4875 10 1858 1858 CD 34457 4875 11 , , , 34457 4875 12 46 46 CD 34457 4875 13 . . . 34457 4876 1 576 576 CD 34457 4876 2 . . . 34457 4877 1 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4877 2 has have VBZ 34457 4877 3 also also RB 34457 4877 4 been be VBN 34457 4877 5 found find VBN 34457 4877 6 by by IN 34457 4877 7 Jaffà Jaffà NNP 34457 4877 8 © © NNP 34457 4877 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4877 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4877 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4877 12 . . . 34457 4878 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4878 2 . . . 34457 4879 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4879 2 . . . 34457 4879 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4879 4 , , , 34457 4879 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 4879 6 , , , 34457 4879 7 43 43 CD 34457 4879 8 . . . 34457 4880 1 465 465 CD 34457 4880 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4880 3 that that IN 34457 4880 4 when when WRB 34457 4880 5 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 34457 4880 6 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 4880 7 from from IN 34457 4880 8 solution solution NN 34457 4880 9 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4880 10 , , , 34457 4880 11 the the DT 34457 4880 12 less less RBR 34457 4880 13 stable stable JJ 34457 4880 14 form form NN 34457 4880 15 always always RB 34457 4880 16 separates separate VBZ 34457 4880 17 first first RB 34457 4880 18 when when WRB 34457 4880 19 purification purification NN 34457 4880 20 has have VBZ 34457 4880 21 been be VBN 34457 4880 22 carried carry VBN 34457 4880 23 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 4880 24 far far RB 34457 4880 25 . . . 34457 4881 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4881 2 143 143 CD 34457 4881 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4881 4 Brauns braun NNS 34457 4881 5 , , , 34457 4881 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4881 7 Neues Neues NNP 34457 4881 8 Jahrbuch Jahrbuch NNP 34457 4881 9 für für NNP 34457 4881 10 Mineralogie Mineralogie NNP 34457 4881 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4881 12 , , , 34457 4881 13 1899 1899 CD 34457 4881 14 , , , 34457 4881 15 13 13 CD 34457 4881 16 . . . 34457 4882 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4882 2 Beilage Beilage NNP 34457 4882 3 Band Band NNP 34457 4882 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4882 5 84 84 CD 34457 4882 6 . . . 34457 4883 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4883 2 144 144 CD 34457 4883 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4883 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4883 5 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4883 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4883 7 , , , 34457 4883 8 II II NNP 34457 4883 9 . . . 34457 4884 1 2 2 LS 34457 4884 2 . . . 34457 4885 1 445 445 CD 34457 4885 2 . . . 34457 4886 1 See see VB 34457 4886 2 also also RB 34457 4886 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4886 4 Principles Principles NNPS 34457 4886 5 of of IN 34457 4886 6 Inorganic Inorganic NNP 34457 4886 7 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 4886 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4886 9 , , , 34457 4886 10 2nd 2nd JJ 34457 4886 11 edit edit NN 34457 4886 12 . . . 34457 4886 13 , , , 34457 4886 14 p. p. NN 34457 4886 15 210 210 CD 34457 4886 16 ff ff NN 34457 4886 17 . . . 34457 4887 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4887 2 145 145 CD 34457 4887 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4887 4 Schaum Schaum NNP 34457 4887 5 and and CC 34457 4887 6 Schönbeck Schönbeck NNP 34457 4887 7 , , , 34457 4887 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4887 9 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4887 10 der der IN 34457 4887 11 Physik Physik NNP 34457 4887 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4887 13 , , , 34457 4887 14 1902 1902 CD 34457 4887 15 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4887 16 4 4 CD 34457 4887 17 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4887 18 , , , 34457 4887 19 8 8 CD 34457 4887 20 . . . 34457 4888 1 652 652 CD 34457 4888 2 . . . 34457 4889 1 See see VB 34457 4889 2 also also RB 34457 4889 3 Chr Chr NNP 34457 4889 4 . . . 34457 4890 1 Füchtbauer Füchtbauer NNP 34457 4890 2 , , , 34457 4890 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4890 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4890 5 . . . 34457 4891 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4891 2 . . . 34457 4892 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4892 2 . . . 34457 4892 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4892 4 , , , 34457 4892 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4892 6 , , , 34457 4892 7 48 48 CD 34457 4892 8 . . . 34457 4893 1 549 549 CD 34457 4893 2 . . . 34457 4894 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4894 2 146 146 CD 34457 4894 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4894 4 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 4894 5 and and CC 34457 4894 6 Young Young NNP 34457 4894 7 , , , 34457 4894 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4894 9 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4894 10 . . . 34457 4895 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 4895 2 . . . 34457 4895 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4895 4 , , , 34457 4895 5 1886 1886 CD 34457 4895 6 , , , 34457 4895 7 177 177 CD 34457 4895 8 . . . 34457 4896 1 87 87 CD 34457 4896 2 . . . 34457 4897 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4897 2 147 147 CD 34457 4897 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4897 4 See see VB 34457 4897 5 volume volume NN 34457 4897 6 in in IN 34457 4897 7 this this DT 34457 4897 8 series series NN 34457 4897 9 on on IN 34457 4897 10 _ _ NNP 34457 4897 11 Chemical Chemical NNP 34457 4897 12 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS 34457 4897 13 _ _ NNP 34457 4897 14 , , , 34457 4897 15 by by IN 34457 4897 16 Dr. Dr. NNP 34457 4897 17 J. J. NNP 34457 4897 18 W. W. NNP 34457 4897 19 Mellor Mellor NNP 34457 4897 20 . . . 34457 4898 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4898 2 148 148 CD 34457 4898 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4898 4 Isambert Isambert NNP 34457 4898 5 , , , 34457 4898 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4898 7 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4898 8 . . . 34457 4899 1 rend rend VB 34457 4899 2 . . . 34457 4899 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4899 4 , , , 34457 4899 5 1881 1881 CD 34457 4899 6 , , , 34457 4899 7 92 92 CD 34457 4899 8 . . . 34457 4900 1 919 919 CD 34457 4900 2 ; ; : 34457 4900 3 1882 1882 CD 34457 4900 4 , , , 34457 4900 5 94 94 CD 34457 4900 6 . . . 34457 4901 1 958 958 CD 34457 4901 2 ; ; : 34457 4901 3 1883 1883 CD 34457 4901 4 , , , 34457 4901 5 96 96 CD 34457 4901 6 . . . 34457 4902 1 643 643 CD 34457 4902 2 . . . 34457 4903 1 Walker Walker NNP 34457 4903 2 and and CC 34457 4903 3 Lumsden Lumsden NNP 34457 4903 4 , , , 34457 4903 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4903 6 Jour Jour NNP 34457 4903 7 . . . 34457 4904 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4904 2 . . . 34457 4905 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4905 2 . . . 34457 4905 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4905 4 , , , 34457 4905 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4905 6 , , , 34457 4905 7 71 71 CD 34457 4905 8 . . . 34457 4906 1 428 428 CD 34457 4906 2 . . . 34457 4907 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4907 2 149 149 CD 34457 4907 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4907 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4907 5 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4907 6 . . . 34457 4908 1 rend rend VB 34457 4908 2 . . . 34457 4908 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4908 4 , , , 34457 4908 5 1867 1867 CD 34457 4908 6 , , , 34457 4908 7 64 64 CD 34457 4908 8 . . . 34457 4909 1 603 603 CD 34457 4909 2 . . . 34457 4910 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4910 2 150 150 CD 34457 4910 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4910 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4910 5 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4910 6 . . . 34457 4911 1 rend rend VB 34457 4911 2 . . . 34457 4911 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4911 4 , , , 34457 4911 5 1883 1883 CD 34457 4911 6 , , , 34457 4911 7 102 102 CD 34457 4911 8 . . . 34457 4912 1 1243 1243 CD 34457 4912 2 . . . 34457 4913 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4913 2 151 151 CD 34457 4913 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4913 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4913 5 Compt Compt NNP 34457 4913 6 . . . 34457 4914 1 rend rend VB 34457 4914 2 . . . 34457 4914 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4914 4 , , , 34457 4914 5 1868 1868 CD 34457 4914 6 , , , 34457 4914 7 66 66 CD 34457 4914 8 , , , 34457 4914 9 1259 1259 CD 34457 4914 10 . . . 34457 4915 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4915 2 152 152 CD 34457 4915 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4915 4 Horstmann Horstmann NNP 34457 4915 5 , , , 34457 4915 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4915 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4915 8 . . . 34457 4915 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4915 10 , , , 34457 4915 11 1876 1876 CD 34457 4915 12 , , , 34457 4915 13 9 9 CD 34457 4915 14 . . . 34457 4916 1 749 749 CD 34457 4916 2 . . . 34457 4917 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4917 2 153 153 CD 34457 4917 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4917 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4917 5 Loc Loc NNP 34457 4917 6 . . . 34457 4918 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4918 2 . . . 34457 4918 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4918 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4918 5 154 154 CD 34457 4918 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4918 7 For for IN 34457 4918 8 the the DT 34457 4918 9 reasons reason NNS 34457 4918 10 for for IN 34457 4918 11 choosing choose VBG 34457 4918 12 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 4918 13 salt salt NN 34457 4918 14 and and CC 34457 4918 15 water water NN 34457 4918 16 instead instead RB 34457 4918 17 of of IN 34457 4918 18 salt salt NN 34457 4918 19 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 4918 20 and and CC 34457 4918 21 water water NN 34457 4918 22 as as IN 34457 4918 23 components component NNS 34457 4918 24 , , , 34457 4918 25 see see VB 34457 4918 26 p. p. NN 34457 4918 27 14 14 CD 34457 4918 28 . . . 34457 4919 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4919 2 155 155 CD 34457 4919 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4919 4 See see VB 34457 4919 5 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4919 6 , , , 34457 4919 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4919 8 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4919 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4919 10 , , , 34457 4919 11 II II NNP 34457 4919 12 . . . 34457 4920 1 2 2 LS 34457 4920 2 . . . 34457 4921 1 527 527 CD 34457 4921 2 . . . 34457 4922 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4922 2 156 156 CD 34457 4922 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4922 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4922 5 , , , 34457 4922 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4922 7 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4922 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4922 9 , , , 34457 4922 10 II II NNP 34457 4922 11 . . . 34457 4923 1 2 2 LS 34457 4923 2 . . . 34457 4924 1 538 538 CD 34457 4924 2 . . . 34457 4925 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4925 2 157 157 CD 34457 4925 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4925 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4925 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4925 6 . . . 34457 4926 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4926 2 . . . 34457 4927 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4927 2 . . . 34457 4927 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4927 4 , , , 34457 4927 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 4927 6 , , , 34457 4927 7 4 4 CD 34457 4927 8 . . . 34457 4928 1 43 43 CD 34457 4928 2 . . . 34457 4929 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4929 2 158 158 CD 34457 4929 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4929 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4929 5 Ber Ber NNP 34457 4929 6 . . . 34457 4929 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4929 8 , , , 34457 4929 9 1876 1876 CD 34457 4929 10 , , , 34457 4929 11 9 9 CD 34457 4929 12 . . . 34457 4930 1 749 749 CD 34457 4930 2 . . . 34457 4931 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4931 2 159 159 CD 34457 4931 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4931 4 See see VB 34457 4931 5 , , , 34457 4931 6 for for IN 34457 4931 7 example example NN 34457 4931 8 , , , 34457 4931 9 van't van't NNP 34457 4931 10 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4931 11 , , , 34457 4931 12 _ _ NNP 34457 4931 13 Lectures Lectures NNP 34457 4931 14 on on IN 34457 4931 15 Theoretical Theoretical NNP 34457 4931 16 and and CC 34457 4931 17 Physical Physical NNP 34457 4931 18 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 4931 19 _ _ NNP 34457 4931 20 , , , 34457 4931 21 I. I. NNP 34457 4931 22 p. p. NN 34457 4931 23 62 62 CD 34457 4931 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4931 25 Arnold Arnold NNP 34457 4931 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4931 27 . . . 34457 4932 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4932 2 160 160 CD 34457 4932 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4932 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4932 5 Jour Jour NNP 34457 4932 6 . . . 34457 4933 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4933 2 . . . 34457 4934 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 4934 2 . . . 34457 4934 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4934 4 , , , 34457 4934 5 1877 1877 CD 34457 4934 6 , , , 34457 4934 7 32 32 CD 34457 4934 8 . . . 34457 4935 1 395 395 CD 34457 4935 2 . . . 34457 4936 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4936 2 161 161 CD 34457 4936 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4936 4 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 4936 5 , , , 34457 4936 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4936 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4936 8 . . . 34457 4937 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4937 2 . . . 34457 4938 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4938 2 . . . 34457 4938 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4938 4 , , , 34457 4938 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 4938 6 , , , 34457 4938 7 17 17 CD 34457 4938 8 . . . 34457 4939 1 1 1 LS 34457 4939 2 . . . 34457 4940 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4940 2 162 162 CD 34457 4940 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4940 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4940 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4940 6 . . . 34457 4941 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4941 2 . . . 34457 4942 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4942 2 . . . 34457 4942 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4942 4 , , , 34457 4942 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 4942 6 , , , 34457 4942 7 1 1 CD 34457 4942 8 . . . 34457 4943 1 5 5 CD 34457 4943 2 ; ; SYM 34457 4943 3 1895 1895 CD 34457 4943 4 , , , 34457 4943 5 17 17 CD 34457 4943 6 . . . 34457 4944 1 52 52 CD 34457 4944 2 . . . 34457 4945 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4945 2 163 163 CD 34457 4945 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4945 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 4945 5 is be VBZ 34457 4945 6 important important JJ 34457 4945 7 to to TO 34457 4945 8 powder powder VB 34457 4945 9 the the DT 34457 4945 10 salt salt NN 34457 4945 11 , , , 34457 4945 12 since since IN 34457 4945 13 otherwise otherwise RB 34457 4945 14 the the DT 34457 4945 15 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 4945 16 of of IN 34457 4945 17 the the DT 34457 4945 18 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 4945 19 and and CC 34457 4945 20 the the DT 34457 4945 21 production production NN 34457 4945 22 of of IN 34457 4945 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 4945 24 occurs occur VBZ 34457 4945 25 with with IN 34457 4945 26 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 4945 27 great great JJ 34457 4945 28 tardiness tardiness NN 34457 4945 29 . . . 34457 4946 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4946 2 164 164 CD 34457 4946 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4946 4 A a DT 34457 4946 5 chemical chemical NN 34457 4946 6 individual individual NN 34457 4946 7 is be VBZ 34457 4946 8 a a DT 34457 4946 9 substance substance NN 34457 4946 10 which which WDT 34457 4946 11 persists persist VBZ 34457 4946 12 as as IN 34457 4946 13 a a DT 34457 4946 14 phase phase NN 34457 4946 15 of of IN 34457 4946 16 constant constant JJ 34457 4946 17 composition composition NN 34457 4946 18 when when WRB 34457 4946 19 the the DT 34457 4946 20 conditions condition NNS 34457 4946 21 of of IN 34457 4946 22 temperature temperature NN 34457 4946 23 , , , 34457 4946 24 pressure pressure NN 34457 4946 25 , , , 34457 4946 26 and and CC 34457 4946 27 composition composition NN 34457 4946 28 of of IN 34457 4946 29 the the DT 34457 4946 30 other other JJ 34457 4946 31 phases phase NNS 34457 4946 32 present present JJ 34457 4946 33 , , , 34457 4946 34 undergo undergo VBP 34457 4946 35 continuous continuous JJ 34457 4946 36 alteration alteration NN 34457 4946 37 within within IN 34457 4946 38 certain certain JJ 34457 4946 39 limits limit NNS 34457 4946 40 -- -- : 34457 4946 41 the the DT 34457 4946 42 limits limit NNS 34457 4946 43 of of IN 34457 4946 44 existence existence NN 34457 4946 45 of of IN 34457 4946 46 the the DT 34457 4946 47 substance substance NN 34457 4946 48 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4946 49 Wald Wald NNP 34457 4946 50 , , , 34457 4946 51 _ _ NNP 34457 4946 52 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4946 53 . . . 34457 4947 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4947 2 . . . 34457 4948 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4948 2 . . . 34457 4948 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4948 4 , , , 34457 4948 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 4948 6 , , , 34457 4948 7 24 24 CD 34457 4948 8 . . . 34457 4949 1 648 648 CD 34457 4949 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4949 3 . . . 34457 4950 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4950 2 165 165 CD 34457 4950 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4950 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 4950 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 4950 6 , , , 34457 4950 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4950 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4950 9 . . . 34457 4951 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4951 2 . . . 34457 4952 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4952 2 . . . 34457 4952 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4952 4 , , , 34457 4952 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 4952 6 , , , 34457 4952 7 5 5 CD 34457 4952 8 . . . 34457 4953 1 323 323 LS 34457 4953 2 ; ; : 34457 4953 3 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4953 4 , , , 34457 4953 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4953 6 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4953 7 _ _ NNP 34457 4953 8 , , , 34457 4953 9 I. I. NNP 34457 4954 1 606 606 CD 34457 4954 2 . . . 34457 4955 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4955 2 166 166 CD 34457 4955 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4955 4 That that IN 34457 4955 5 mercury mercury NN 34457 4955 6 does do VBZ 34457 4955 7 dissolve dissolve VB 34457 4955 8 in in IN 34457 4955 9 water water NN 34457 4955 10 can can MD 34457 4955 11 be be VB 34457 4955 12 argued argue VBN 34457 4955 13 from from IN 34457 4955 14 analogy analogy NN 34457 4955 15 , , , 34457 4955 16 say say VB 34457 4955 17 , , , 34457 4955 18 with with IN 34457 4955 19 mercury mercury NN 34457 4955 20 and and CC 34457 4955 21 bromonaphthalene bromonaphthalene NN 34457 4955 22 . . . 34457 4956 1 At at IN 34457 4956 2 the the DT 34457 4956 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 4956 4 temperature temperature NN 34457 4956 5 these these DT 34457 4956 6 two two CD 34457 4956 7 liquids liquid NNS 34457 4956 8 appear appear VBP 34457 4956 9 to to TO 34457 4956 10 be be VB 34457 4956 11 quite quite RB 34457 4956 12 insoluble insoluble JJ 34457 4956 13 in in IN 34457 4956 14 one one CD 34457 4956 15 another another DT 34457 4956 16 , , , 34457 4956 17 but but CC 34457 4956 18 at at IN 34457 4956 19 a a DT 34457 4956 20 temperature temperature NN 34457 4956 21 of of IN 34457 4956 22 280 280â CD 34457 4956 23 ° ° NNS 34457 4956 24 the the DT 34457 4956 25 mercury mercury NN 34457 4956 26 dissolves dissolve VBZ 34457 4956 27 in in IN 34457 4956 28 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 4956 29 quantity quantity NN 34457 4956 30 ; ; : 34457 4956 31 for for IN 34457 4956 32 on on IN 34457 4956 33 heating heat VBG 34457 4956 34 a a DT 34457 4956 35 tube tube NN 34457 4956 36 containing contain VBG 34457 4956 37 bromonaphthalene bromonaphthalene NN 34457 4956 38 over over IN 34457 4956 39 mercury mercury NNP 34457 4956 40 the the DT 34457 4956 41 latter latter JJ 34457 4956 42 sublimes sublime NNS 34457 4956 43 _ _ NNP 34457 4956 44 through through IN 34457 4956 45 _ _ NNP 34457 4956 46 the the DT 34457 4956 47 liquid liquid JJ 34457 4956 48 bromonaphthalene bromonaphthalene NN 34457 4956 49 and and CC 34457 4956 50 condenses condense NNS 34457 4956 51 on on IN 34457 4956 52 the the DT 34457 4956 53 upper upper JJ 34457 4956 54 surface surface NN 34457 4956 55 of of IN 34457 4956 56 the the DT 34457 4956 57 tube tube NN 34457 4956 58 . . . 34457 4957 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4957 2 167 167 CD 34457 4957 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4957 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4957 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4957 6 . . . 34457 4958 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4958 2 . . . 34457 4958 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4958 4 , , , 34457 4958 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4958 6 , , , 34457 4958 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4958 8 5 5 CD 34457 4958 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4958 10 , , , 34457 4958 11 18 18 CD 34457 4958 12 . . . 34457 4959 1 22 22 CD 34457 4959 2 ; ; : 34457 4959 3 495 495 CD 34457 4959 4 . . . 34457 4960 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4960 2 168 168 CD 34457 4960 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4960 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4960 5 Wied Wied NNP 34457 4960 6 . . . 34457 4961 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4961 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4961 3 , , , 34457 4961 4 1886 1886 CD 34457 4961 5 , , , 34457 4961 6 28 28 CD 34457 4961 7 . . . 34457 4962 1 305 305 CD 34457 4962 2 . . . 34457 4963 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4963 2 169 169 CD 34457 4963 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4963 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4963 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4963 6 . . . 34457 4964 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4964 2 . . . 34457 4965 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4965 2 . . . 34457 4965 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4965 4 , , , 34457 4965 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 4965 6 , , , 34457 4965 7 26 26 CD 34457 4965 8 . . . 34457 4966 1 433 433 CD 34457 4966 2 . . . 34457 4967 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4967 2 170 170 CD 34457 4967 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4967 4 Rothmund Rothmund NNP 34457 4967 5 , , , 34457 4967 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4967 7 loc loc NN 34457 4967 8 . . . 34457 4968 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4968 2 . . . 34457 4968 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4968 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4968 5 171 171 CD 34457 4968 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4968 7 Rothmund Rothmund NNP 34457 4968 8 , , , 34457 4968 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4968 10 loc loc NN 34457 4968 11 . . . 34457 4969 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4969 2 . . . 34457 4969 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4969 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4969 5 172 172 CD 34457 4969 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4969 7 A a DT 34457 4969 8 similar similar JJ 34457 4969 9 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 4969 10 is be VBZ 34457 4969 11 found find VBN 34457 4969 12 in in IN 34457 4969 13 the the DT 34457 4969 14 case case NN 34457 4969 15 of of IN 34457 4969 16 diethylamine diethylamine NN 34457 4969 17 and and CC 34457 4969 18 water water NN 34457 4969 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4969 20 R. R. NNP 34457 4969 21 T. T. NNP 34457 4969 22 Lattey Lattey NNP 34457 4969 23 , , , 34457 4969 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4969 25 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4969 26 . . . 34457 4970 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4970 2 . . . 34457 4970 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4970 4 , , , 34457 4970 5 1905 1905 CD 34457 4970 6 , , , 34457 4970 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4970 8 6 6 CD 34457 4970 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4970 10 , , , 34457 4970 11 10 10 CD 34457 4970 12 , , , 34457 4970 13 397 397 CD 34457 4970 14 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4970 15 . . . 34457 4971 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4971 2 173 173 CD 34457 4971 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4971 4 C. C. NNP 34457 4971 5 S. S. NNP 34457 4971 6 Hudson Hudson NNP 34457 4971 7 , , , 34457 4971 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4971 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4971 10 . . . 34457 4972 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4972 2 . . . 34457 4973 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4973 2 . . . 34457 4973 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4973 4 , , , 34457 4973 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 4973 6 , , , 34457 4973 7 47 47 CD 34457 4973 8 . . . 34457 4974 1 113 113 CD 34457 4974 2 . . . 34457 4975 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4975 2 174 174 CD 34457 4975 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4975 4 Konowaloff Konowaloff NNP 34457 4975 5 , , , 34457 4975 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4975 7 Wied Wied NNP 34457 4975 8 . . . 34457 4976 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 4976 2 _ _ NNP 34457 4976 3 , , , 34457 4976 4 1881 1881 CD 34457 4976 5 , , , 34457 4976 6 14 14 CD 34457 4976 7 . . . 34457 4977 1 219 219 CD 34457 4977 2 . . . 34457 4978 1 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 4978 2 , , , 34457 4978 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4978 4 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 4978 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4978 6 , , , 34457 4978 7 II II NNP 34457 4978 8 . . . 34457 4979 1 2 2 LS 34457 4979 2 . . . 34457 4980 1 687 687 LS 34457 4980 2 . . . 34457 4981 1 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 4981 2 , , , 34457 4981 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4981 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 4981 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 4981 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4981 7 , , , 34457 4981 8 p. p. NN 34457 4981 9 96 96 CD 34457 4981 10 . . . 34457 4982 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4982 2 175 175 CD 34457 4982 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4982 4 Konowaloff Konowaloff NNP 34457 4982 5 , , , 34457 4982 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4982 7 loc loc NN 34457 4982 8 . . . 34457 4983 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4983 2 . . . 34457 4983 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4983 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4983 5 176 176 CD 34457 4983 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4983 7 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 4983 8 , , , 34457 4983 9 _ _ NNP 34457 4983 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 4983 11 . . . 34457 4984 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 4984 2 . . . 34457 4985 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 4985 2 . . . 34457 4985 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4985 4 , , , 34457 4985 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 4985 6 , , , 34457 4985 7 8 8 CD 34457 4985 8 . . . 34457 4986 1 526 526 LS 34457 4986 2 ; ; : 34457 4986 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4986 4 Rec Rec NNP 34457 4986 5 . . . 34457 4987 1 Trav trav NN 34457 4987 2 . . . 34457 4988 1 Chim chim UH 34457 4988 2 . . . 34457 4989 1 Pays Pays NNP 34457 4989 2 - - HYPH 34457 4989 3 Bas Bas NNP 34457 4989 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4989 5 , , , 34457 4989 6 1884 1884 CD 34457 4989 7 , , , 34457 4989 8 3 3 CD 34457 4989 9 . . . 34457 4990 1 38 38 CD 34457 4990 2 . . . 34457 4991 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4991 2 177 177 CD 34457 4991 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4991 4 Konowaloff Konowaloff NNP 34457 4991 5 , , , 34457 4991 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4991 7 loc loc NN 34457 4991 8 . . . 34457 4992 1 cit cit NNP 34457 4992 2 . . . 34457 4992 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4992 4 Cf Cf NNP 34457 4992 5 . . . 34457 4993 1 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 4993 2 , , , 34457 4993 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4993 4 Phase Phase NNP 34457 4993 5 Rule Rule NNP 34457 4993 6 _ _ NNP 34457 4993 7 , , , 34457 4993 8 p. p. NN 34457 4993 9 100 100 CD 34457 4993 10 . . . 34457 4994 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4994 2 178 178 CD 34457 4994 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4994 4 _ _ NNP 34457 4994 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 4994 6 . . . 34457 4995 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 4995 2 . . . 34457 4995 3 _ _ NNP 34457 4995 4 , , , 34457 4995 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 4995 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4995 7 5 5 CD 34457 4995 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4995 9 , , , 34457 4995 10 18 18 CD 34457 4995 11 . . . 34457 4996 1 503 503 CD 34457 4996 2 . . . 34457 4997 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4997 2 179 179 CD 34457 4997 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4997 4 See see VB 34457 4997 5 , , , 34457 4997 6 for for IN 34457 4997 7 example example NN 34457 4997 8 , , , 34457 4997 9 Walker Walker NNP 34457 4997 10 , , , 34457 4997 11 _ _ NNP 34457 4997 12 Introduction introduction NN 34457 4997 13 to to IN 34457 4997 14 Physical Physical NNP 34457 4997 15 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 4997 16 _ _ NNP 34457 4997 17 , , , 34457 4997 18 3rd 3rd JJ 34457 4997 19 edit edit NN 34457 4997 20 . . . 34457 4997 21 , , , 34457 4997 22 p. p. NN 34457 4997 23 86 86 CD 34457 4997 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4997 25 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 34457 4997 26 , , , 34457 4997 27 1903 1903 CD 34457 4997 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4997 29 . . . 34457 4998 1 Consult Consult NNP 34457 4998 2 also also RB 34457 4998 3 Young Young NNP 34457 4998 4 , , , 34457 4998 5 _ _ NNP 34457 4998 6 Fractional Fractional NNP 34457 4998 7 Distillation Distillation NNP 34457 4998 8 _ _ NNP 34457 4998 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4998 10 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 34457 4998 11 , , , 34457 4998 12 1903 1903 CD 34457 4998 13 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4998 14 , , , 34457 4998 15 or or CC 34457 4998 16 Kuenen Kuenen NNP 34457 4998 17 , , , 34457 4998 18 _ _ NNP 34457 4998 19 Verdampfung Verdampfung NNP 34457 4998 20 und und VBP 34457 4998 21 Verflüssigung Verflüssigung NNP 34457 4998 22 von von NNP 34457 4998 23 Gemischen Gemischen NNP 34457 4998 24 _ _ NNP 34457 4998 25 ( ( -LRB- 34457 4998 26 Barth Barth NNP 34457 4998 27 , , , 34457 4998 28 1906 1906 CD 34457 4998 29 ) ) -RRB- 34457 4998 30 , , , 34457 4998 31 where where WRB 34457 4998 32 the the DT 34457 4998 33 subject subject NN 34457 4998 34 is be VBZ 34457 4998 35 fully fully RB 34457 4998 36 treated treat VBN 34457 4998 37 . . . 34457 4999 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 4999 2 180 180 CD 34457 4999 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 4999 4 Since since IN 34457 4999 5 this this DT 34457 4999 6 is be VBZ 34457 4999 7 the the DT 34457 4999 8 only only JJ 34457 4999 9 phase phase NN 34457 4999 10 of of IN 34457 4999 11 variable variable JJ 34457 4999 12 composition composition NN 34457 4999 13 present present NN 34457 4999 14 . . . 34457 5000 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5000 2 181 181 CD 34457 5000 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5000 4 E. E. NNP 34457 5000 5 von von NNP 34457 5000 6 Stackelberg Stackelberg NNP 34457 5000 7 , , , 34457 5000 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5000 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5000 10 . . . 34457 5001 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5001 2 . . . 34457 5002 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5002 2 . . . 34457 5002 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5002 4 , , , 34457 5002 5 1896 1896 CD 34457 5002 6 , , , 34457 5002 7 20 20 CD 34457 5002 8 . . . 34457 5003 1 337 337 CD 34457 5003 2 . . . 34457 5004 1 If if IN 34457 5004 2 the the DT 34457 5004 3 change change NN 34457 5004 4 of of IN 34457 5004 5 volume volume NN 34457 5004 6 which which WDT 34457 5004 7 accompanies accompany VBZ 34457 5004 8 solution solution NN 34457 5004 9 , , , 34457 5004 10 and and CC 34457 5004 11 the the DT 34457 5004 12 heat heat NN 34457 5004 13 effect effect NN 34457 5004 14 are be VBP 34457 5004 15 known know VBN 34457 5004 16 , , , 34457 5004 17 the the DT 34457 5004 18 quantitative quantitative JJ 34457 5004 19 change change NN 34457 5004 20 of of IN 34457 5004 21 the the DT 34457 5004 22 solubility solubility NN 34457 5004 23 with with IN 34457 5004 24 the the DT 34457 5004 25 pressure pressure NN 34457 5004 26 can can MD 34457 5004 27 be be VB 34457 5004 28 calculated calculate VBN 34457 5004 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5004 30 Braun Braun NNP 34457 5004 31 , , , 34457 5004 32 _ _ NNP 34457 5004 33 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5004 34 . . . 34457 5005 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5005 2 . . . 34457 5006 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5006 2 . . . 34457 5006 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5006 4 , , , 34457 5006 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5006 6 , , , 34457 5006 7 1 1 CD 34457 5006 8 . . . 34457 5007 1 259 259 CD 34457 5007 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5007 3 . . . 34457 5008 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5008 2 182 182 CD 34457 5008 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5008 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5008 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5008 6 , , , 34457 5008 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5008 8 Arch Arch NNP 34457 5008 9 . . . 34457 5009 1 nà nà NNP 34457 5009 2 © © NNP 34457 5009 3 erland erland NN 34457 5009 4 . . . 34457 5009 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5009 6 1901 1901 CD 34457 5009 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5009 8 2 2 CD 34457 5009 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5009 10 , , , 34457 5009 11 6 6 CD 34457 5009 12 . . . 34457 5010 1 471 471 CD 34457 5010 2 . . . 34457 5011 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5011 2 183 183 CD 34457 5011 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5011 4 Tilden Tilden NNP 34457 5011 5 and and CC 34457 5011 6 Shenstone Shenstone NNP 34457 5011 7 , , , 34457 5011 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5011 9 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5011 10 . . . 34457 5012 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 5012 2 . . . 34457 5012 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5012 4 1884 1884 CD 34457 5012 5 , , , 34457 5012 6 175 175 CD 34457 5012 7 . . . 34457 5013 1 23 23 CD 34457 5013 2 ; ; : 34457 5013 3 Hulett Hulett NNP 34457 5013 4 and and CC 34457 5013 5 Allen Allen NNP 34457 5013 6 , , , 34457 5013 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5013 8 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5013 9 . . . 34457 5014 1 Amer amer NN 34457 5014 2 . . . 34457 5015 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5015 2 . . . 34457 5016 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5016 2 . . . 34457 5016 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5016 4 1902 1902 CD 34457 5016 5 , , , 34457 5016 6 24 24 CD 34457 5016 7 . . . 34457 5017 1 667 667 CD 34457 5017 2 ; ; : 34457 5017 3 Andreä andre㤠JJ 34457 5017 4 , , , 34457 5017 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5017 6 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5017 7 . . . 34457 5018 1 prak prak NNP 34457 5018 2 . . . 34457 5019 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5019 2 . . . 34457 5019 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5019 4 137 137 CD 34457 5019 5 . . . 34457 5020 1 474 474 LS 34457 5020 2 ; ; : 34457 5020 3 Lumsden Lumsden NNP 34457 5020 4 , , , 34457 5020 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5020 6 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5020 7 . . . 34457 5021 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5021 2 . . . 34457 5022 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5022 2 . . . 34457 5022 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5022 4 , , , 34457 5022 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5022 6 , , , 34457 5022 7 81 81 CD 34457 5022 8 . . . 34457 5023 1 350 350 LS 34457 5023 2 ; ; : 34457 5023 3 Mylius Mylius NNP 34457 5023 4 and and CC 34457 5023 5 v. v. CC 34457 5023 6 Wrochem Wrochem NNP 34457 5023 7 , , , 34457 5023 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5023 9 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5023 10 . . . 34457 5023 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5023 12 1900 1900 CD 34457 5023 13 , , , 34457 5023 14 33 33 CD 34457 5023 15 . . . 34457 5024 1 3689 3689 CD 34457 5024 2 . . . 34457 5025 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5025 2 184 184 CD 34457 5025 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5025 4 E. E. NNP 34457 5025 5 von von NNP 34457 5025 6 Stackelberg Stackelberg NNP 34457 5025 7 , , , 34457 5025 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5025 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5025 10 . . . 34457 5026 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5026 2 . . . 34457 5027 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5027 2 . . . 34457 5027 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5027 4 1896 1896 CD 34457 5027 5 , , , 34457 5027 6 20 20 CD 34457 5027 7 . . . 34457 5028 1 159 159 CD 34457 5028 2 ; ; : 34457 5028 3 1898 1898 CD 34457 5028 4 , , , 34457 5028 5 26 26 CD 34457 5028 6 . . . 34457 5029 1 533 533 CD 34457 5029 2 ; ; : 34457 5029 3 Lumsden Lumsden NNP 34457 5029 4 , , , 34457 5029 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5029 6 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5029 7 . . . 34457 5030 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5030 2 . . . 34457 5031 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5031 2 . . . 34457 5031 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5031 4 , , , 34457 5031 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5031 6 , , , 34457 5031 7 81 81 CD 34457 5031 8 . . . 34457 5032 1 350 350 CD 34457 5032 2 ; ; : 34457 5032 3 Holsboer Holsboer NNP 34457 5032 4 , , , 34457 5032 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5032 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5032 7 . . . 34457 5033 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5033 2 . . . 34457 5034 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5034 2 . . . 34457 5034 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5034 4 , , , 34457 5034 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5034 6 , , , 34457 5034 7 39 39 CD 34457 5034 8 . . . 34457 5035 1 691 691 CD 34457 5035 2 . . . 34457 5036 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5036 2 185 185 CD 34457 5036 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5036 4 Reicher Reicher NNP 34457 5036 5 and and CC 34457 5036 6 van van NNP 34457 5036 7 Deventer Deventer NNP 34457 5036 8 , , , 34457 5036 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5036 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5036 11 . . . 34457 5037 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5037 2 . . . 34457 5038 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5038 2 . . . 34457 5038 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5038 4 1890 1890 CD 34457 5038 5 , , , 34457 5038 6 5 5 CD 34457 5038 7 . . . 34457 5039 1 559 559 CD 34457 5039 2 ; ; : 34457 5039 3 cf cf NN 34457 5039 4 . . . 34457 5040 1 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5040 2 , , , 34457 5040 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5040 4 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5040 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5040 6 , , , 34457 5040 7 II II NNP 34457 5040 8 . . . 34457 5041 1 2 2 LS 34457 5041 2 . . . 34457 5042 1 803 803 CD 34457 5042 2 . . . 34457 5043 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5043 2 186 186 CD 34457 5043 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5043 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 5043 5 has have VBZ 34457 5043 6 been be VBN 34457 5043 7 shown show VBN 34457 5043 8 that that IN 34457 5043 9 the the DT 34457 5043 10 formula formula NN 34457 5043 11 of of IN 34457 5043 12 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 5043 13 and and CC 34457 5043 14 Young Young NNP 34457 5043 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5043 16 p. p. NN 34457 5043 17 66 66 CD 34457 5043 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5043 19 can can MD 34457 5043 20 be be VB 34457 5043 21 applied apply VBN 34457 5043 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5043 23 with with IN 34457 5043 24 certain certain JJ 34457 5043 25 restrictions restriction NNS 34457 5043 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5043 27 to to IN 34457 5043 28 the the DT 34457 5043 29 interpolation interpolation NN 34457 5043 30 and and CC 34457 5043 31 extrapolation extrapolation NN 34457 5043 32 of of IN 34457 5043 33 the the DT 34457 5043 34 solubility solubility NN 34457 5043 35 curve curve NN 34457 5043 36 of of IN 34457 5043 37 a a DT 34457 5043 38 substance substance NN 34457 5043 39 provided provide VBN 34457 5043 40 two two CD 34457 5043 41 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5043 42 or or CC 34457 5043 43 three three CD 34457 5043 44 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5043 45 points point NNS 34457 5043 46 on on IN 34457 5043 47 the the DT 34457 5043 48 curve curve NN 34457 5043 49 are be VBP 34457 5043 50 known know VBN 34457 5043 51 . . . 34457 5044 1 In in IN 34457 5044 2 this this DT 34457 5044 3 case case NN 34457 5044 4 T T NNP 34457 5044 5 , , , 34457 5044 6 T_{1 T_{1 NNP 34457 5044 7 } } -RRB- 34457 5044 8 , , , 34457 5044 9 etc etc FW 34457 5044 10 . . FW 34457 5044 11 , , , 34457 5044 12 refer refer VBP 34457 5044 13 to to IN 34457 5044 14 the the DT 34457 5044 15 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 5044 16 at at IN 34457 5044 17 which which WDT 34457 5044 18 the the DT 34457 5044 19 two two CD 34457 5044 20 substances substance NNS 34457 5044 21 -- -- : 34457 5044 22 one one CD 34457 5044 23 the the DT 34457 5044 24 solubility solubility NN 34457 5044 25 curve curve NN 34457 5044 26 of of IN 34457 5044 27 which which WDT 34457 5044 28 is be VBZ 34457 5044 29 known know VBN 34457 5044 30 , , , 34457 5044 31 the the DT 34457 5044 32 other other JJ 34457 5044 33 the the DT 34457 5044 34 solubility solubility NN 34457 5044 35 curve curve NN 34457 5044 36 of of IN 34457 5044 37 which which WDT 34457 5044 38 is be VBZ 34457 5044 39 to to TO 34457 5044 40 be be VB 34457 5044 41 calculated calculate VBN 34457 5044 42 -- -- : 34457 5044 43 have have VBP 34457 5044 44 equal equal JJ 34457 5044 45 solubilities solubility NNS 34457 5044 46 , , , 34457 5044 47 instead instead RB 34457 5044 48 of of IN 34457 5044 49 , , , 34457 5044 50 as as IN 34457 5044 51 in in IN 34457 5044 52 the the DT 34457 5044 53 previous previous JJ 34457 5044 54 case case NN 34457 5044 55 , , , 34457 5044 56 equal equal JJ 34457 5044 57 vapour vapour NN 34457 5044 58 pressures pressure NNS 34457 5044 59 . . . 34457 5045 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5045 2 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 5045 3 , , , 34457 5045 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5045 5 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5045 6 . . . 34457 5046 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5046 2 . . . 34457 5047 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5047 2 . . . 34457 5047 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5047 4 , , , 34457 5047 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5047 6 , , , 34457 5047 7 69 69 CD 34457 5047 8 . . . 34457 5048 1 471 471 CD 34457 5048 2 ; ; : 34457 5048 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5048 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5048 5 . . . 34457 5049 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5049 2 . . . 34457 5050 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5050 2 . . . 34457 5050 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5050 4 , , , 34457 5050 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5050 6 , , , 34457 5050 7 42 42 CD 34457 5050 8 . . . 34457 5051 1 110 110 CD 34457 5051 2 . . . 34457 5051 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5052 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5052 2 187 187 CD 34457 5052 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5052 4 W. W. NNP 34457 5052 5 Müller mã¼ller NN 34457 5052 6 and and CC 34457 5052 7 P. P. NNP 34457 5052 8 Kaufmann Kaufmann NNP 34457 5052 9 , , , 34457 5052 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5052 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5052 12 . . . 34457 5053 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5053 2 . . . 34457 5054 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5054 2 . . . 34457 5054 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5054 4 1903 1903 CD 34457 5054 5 , , , 34457 5054 6 42 42 CD 34457 5054 7 . . . 34457 5055 1 497 497 CD 34457 5055 2 . . . 34457 5056 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5056 2 188 188 CD 34457 5056 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5056 4 W. W. NNP 34457 5056 5 O. O. NNP 34457 5056 6 Rabe Rabe NNP 34457 5056 7 , , , 34457 5056 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5056 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5056 10 . . . 34457 5057 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5057 2 . . . 34457 5058 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5058 2 . . . 34457 5058 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5058 4 , , , 34457 5058 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5058 6 , , , 34457 5058 7 38 38 CD 34457 5058 8 . . . 34457 5059 1 175 175 CD 34457 5059 2 . . . 34457 5060 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5060 2 189 189 CD 34457 5060 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5060 4 With with IN 34457 5060 5 regard regard NN 34457 5060 6 to to IN 34457 5060 7 the the DT 34457 5060 8 limits limit NNS 34457 5060 9 of of IN 34457 5060 10 supersaturation supersaturation NN 34457 5060 11 and and CC 34457 5060 12 the the DT 34457 5060 13 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 34457 5060 14 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 5060 15 of of IN 34457 5060 16 the the DT 34457 5060 17 solute solute NN 34457 5060 18 from from IN 34457 5060 19 supersaturated supersaturated JJ 34457 5060 20 solutions solution NNS 34457 5060 21 , , , 34457 5060 22 see see VB 34457 5060 23 Jaffà Jaffà NNP 34457 5060 24 © © NNP 34457 5060 25 , , , 34457 5060 26 _ _ NNP 34457 5060 27 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5060 28 . . . 34457 5061 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5061 2 . . . 34457 5062 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5062 2 . . . 34457 5062 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5062 4 , , , 34457 5062 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5062 6 , , , 34457 5062 7 43 43 CD 34457 5062 8 . . . 34457 5063 1 565 565 CD 34457 5063 2 , , , 34457 5063 3 and and CC 34457 5063 4 the the DT 34457 5063 5 very very RB 34457 5063 6 interesting interesting JJ 34457 5063 7 paper paper NN 34457 5063 8 by by IN 34457 5063 9 Miers Miers NNP 34457 5063 10 and and CC 34457 5063 11 Isaac Isaac NNP 34457 5063 12 , , , 34457 5063 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5063 14 Trans Trans NNP 34457 5063 15 . . . 34457 5064 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5064 2 . . . 34457 5065 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5065 2 . . . 34457 5065 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5065 4 , , , 34457 5065 5 1906 1906 CD 34457 5065 6 , , , 34457 5065 7 89 89 CD 34457 5065 8 . . . 34457 5066 1 413 413 CD 34457 5066 2 . . . 34457 5067 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5067 2 190 190 CD 34457 5067 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5067 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5067 5 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5067 6 chim chim NN 34457 5067 7 . . . 34457 5068 1 phys phys NN 34457 5068 2 . . . 34457 5068 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5068 4 , , , 34457 5068 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5068 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5068 7 7 7 CD 34457 5068 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5068 9 , , , 34457 5068 10 2 2 CD 34457 5068 11 . . . 34457 5069 1 524 524 CD 34457 5069 2 . . . 34457 5070 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5070 2 191 191 CD 34457 5070 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5070 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5070 5 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5070 6 . . . 34457 5071 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 5071 2 . . . 34457 5071 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5071 4 , , , 34457 5071 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 5071 6 , , , 34457 5071 7 175 175 CD 34457 5071 8 . . . 34457 5072 1 23 23 CD 34457 5072 2 . . . 34457 5073 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5073 2 192 192 CD 34457 5073 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5073 4 Hissink Hissink NNP 34457 5073 5 , , , 34457 5073 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5073 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5073 8 . . . 34457 5074 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5074 2 . . . 34457 5075 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5075 2 . . . 34457 5075 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5075 4 , , , 34457 5075 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5075 6 , , , 34457 5075 7 32 32 CD 34457 5075 8 . . . 34457 5076 1 543 543 CD 34457 5076 2 . . . 34457 5077 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5077 2 193 193 CD 34457 5077 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5077 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5077 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5077 6 . . . 34457 5078 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5078 2 . . . 34457 5079 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5079 2 . . . 34457 5079 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5079 4 , , , 34457 5079 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5079 6 , , , 34457 5079 7 43 43 CD 34457 5079 8 . . . 34457 5080 1 313 313 CD 34457 5080 2 . . . 34457 5081 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5081 2 194 194 CD 34457 5081 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5081 4 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 5081 5 , , , 34457 5081 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5081 7 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5081 8 . . . 34457 5082 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 5082 2 . . . 34457 5082 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5082 4 , , , 34457 5082 5 1875 1875 CD 34457 5082 6 , , , 34457 5082 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5082 8 4 4 CD 34457 5082 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5082 10 , , , 34457 5082 11 49 49 CD 34457 5082 12 . . . 34457 5083 1 1 1 CD 34457 5083 2 ; ; : 34457 5083 3 1884 1884 CD 34457 5083 4 , , , 34457 5083 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5083 6 5 5 CD 34457 5083 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5083 8 , , , 34457 5083 9 17 17 CD 34457 5083 10 . . . 34457 5084 1 462 462 CD 34457 5084 2 . . . 34457 5085 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5085 2 195 195 CD 34457 5085 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5085 4 See See NNP 34457 5085 5 Roloff Roloff NNP 34457 5085 6 , , , 34457 5085 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5085 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5085 9 . . . 34457 5086 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5086 2 . . . 34457 5087 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5087 2 . . . 34457 5087 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5087 4 , , , 34457 5087 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5087 6 , , , 34457 5087 7 17 17 CD 34457 5087 8 . . . 34457 5088 1 325 325 LS 34457 5088 2 ; ; : 34457 5088 3 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 5088 4 , , , 34457 5088 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5088 6 loc loc NNP 34457 5088 7 . . . 34457 5089 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5089 2 . . . 34457 5089 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5089 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5089 5 196 196 CD 34457 5089 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5089 7 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 5089 8 , , , 34457 5089 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5089 10 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5089 11 . . . 34457 5090 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 5090 2 . . . 34457 5090 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5090 4 , , , 34457 5090 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5090 6 loc loc NNP 34457 5090 7 . . . 34457 5091 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5091 2 . . . 34457 5091 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5091 4 Cf Cf NNP 34457 5091 5 . . . 34457 5092 1 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5092 2 , , , 34457 5092 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5092 4 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5092 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5092 6 , , , 34457 5092 7 II II NNP 34457 5092 8 . . . 34457 5093 1 2 2 LS 34457 5093 2 . . . 34457 5094 1 843 843 CD 34457 5094 2 . . . 34457 5095 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5095 2 197 197 CD 34457 5095 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5095 4 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 5095 5 , , , 34457 5095 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5095 7 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5095 8 . . . 34457 5096 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 5096 2 . . . 34457 5096 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5096 4 , , , 34457 5096 5 1875 1875 CD 34457 5096 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5096 7 4 4 CD 34457 5096 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5096 9 , , , 34457 5096 10 49 49 CD 34457 5096 11 . . . 34457 5097 1 269 269 CD 34457 5097 2 . . . 34457 5098 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5098 2 198 198 CD 34457 5098 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5098 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5098 5 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5098 6 . . . 34457 5098 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5098 8 , , , 34457 5098 9 1877 1877 CD 34457 5098 10 , , , 34457 5098 11 20 20 CD 34457 5098 12 . . . 34457 5099 1 2223 2223 CD 34457 5099 2 . . . 34457 5100 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5100 2 199 199 CD 34457 5100 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5100 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5100 5 Silz Silz NNP 34457 5100 6 - - HYPH 34457 5100 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5100 8 . . . 34457 5101 1 Wien Wien NNP 34457 5101 2 . . . 34457 5102 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5102 2 . . . 34457 5102 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5102 4 , , , 34457 5102 5 1880 1880 CD 34457 5102 6 , , , 34457 5102 7 81 81 CD 34457 5102 8 . . . 34457 5103 1 II ii CD 34457 5103 2 . . . 34457 5104 1 1058 1058 CD 34457 5104 2 . . . 34457 5105 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5105 2 200 200 CD 34457 5105 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5105 4 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 5105 5 , , , 34457 5105 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5105 7 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5105 8 . . . 34457 5106 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 5106 2 . . . 34457 5106 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5106 4 , , , 34457 5106 5 1875 1875 CD 34457 5106 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5106 7 4 4 CD 34457 5106 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5106 9 , , , 34457 5106 10 49 49 CD 34457 5106 11 . . . 34457 5107 1 206 206 CD 34457 5107 2 . . . 34457 5108 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5108 2 201 201 CD 34457 5108 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5108 4 If if IN 34457 5108 5 in in IN 34457 5108 6 the the DT 34457 5108 7 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 34457 5108 8 of of IN 34457 5108 9 the the DT 34457 5108 10 cryohydric cryohydric JJ 34457 5108 11 point point NN 34457 5108 12 solution solution NN 34457 5108 13 should should MD 34457 5108 14 be be VB 34457 5108 15 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 5108 16 by by IN 34457 5108 17 an an DT 34457 5108 18 evolution evolution NN 34457 5108 19 of of IN 34457 5108 20 heat heat NN 34457 5108 21 , , , 34457 5108 22 then then RB 34457 5108 23 as as IN 34457 5108 24 the the DT 34457 5108 25 solubility solubility NN 34457 5108 26 would would MD 34457 5108 27 in in IN 34457 5108 28 that that DT 34457 5108 29 case case NN 34457 5108 30 increase increase VB 34457 5108 31 with with IN 34457 5108 32 fall fall NN 34457 5108 33 of of IN 34457 5108 34 temperature temperature NN 34457 5108 35 , , , 34457 5108 36 salt salt NN 34457 5108 37 would would MD 34457 5108 38 pass pass VB 34457 5108 39 into into IN 34457 5108 40 solution solution NN 34457 5108 41 . . . 34457 5109 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5109 2 202 202 CD 34457 5109 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5109 4 Walker Walker NNP 34457 5109 5 , , , 34457 5109 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5109 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5109 8 . . . 34457 5110 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5110 2 . . . 34457 5111 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5111 2 . . . 34457 5111 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5111 4 , , , 34457 5111 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 5111 6 , , , 34457 5111 7 5 5 CD 34457 5111 8 . . . 34457 5112 1 193 193 CD 34457 5112 2 . . . 34457 5113 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5113 2 203 203 CD 34457 5113 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5113 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5113 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5113 6 . . . 34457 5114 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5114 2 . . . 34457 5115 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5115 2 . . . 34457 5115 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5115 4 , , , 34457 5115 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5115 6 , , , 34457 5115 7 23 23 CD 34457 5115 8 . . . 34457 5116 1 418 418 CD 34457 5116 2 . . . 34457 5117 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5117 2 204 204 CD 34457 5117 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5117 4 Provided provide VBD 34457 5117 5 the the DT 34457 5117 6 solid solid JJ 34457 5117 7 nitrile nitrile NN 34457 5117 8 is be VBZ 34457 5117 9 not not RB 34457 5117 10 present present JJ 34457 5117 11 in in IN 34457 5117 12 too too RB 34457 5117 13 great great JJ 34457 5117 14 excess excess NN 34457 5117 15 . . . 34457 5118 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5118 2 205 205 CD 34457 5118 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5118 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5118 5 Wied Wied NNP 34457 5118 6 . . . 34457 5119 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5119 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5119 3 , , , 34457 5119 4 1886 1886 CD 34457 5119 5 , , , 34457 5119 6 28 28 CD 34457 5119 7 . . . 34457 5120 1 328 328 CD 34457 5120 2 . . . 34457 5121 1 Cf cf NN 34457 5121 2 . . . 34457 5122 1 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5122 2 , , , 34457 5122 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5122 4 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5122 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5122 6 , , , 34457 5122 7 II II NNP 34457 5122 8 . . . 34457 5123 1 2 2 LS 34457 5123 2 . . . 34457 5124 1 872 872 CD 34457 5124 2 . . . 34457 5125 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5125 2 206 206 CD 34457 5125 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5125 4 Walker Walker NNP 34457 5125 5 , , , 34457 5125 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5125 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5125 8 . . . 34457 5126 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5126 2 . . . 34457 5127 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5127 2 . . . 34457 5127 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5127 4 , , , 34457 5127 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 5127 6 , , , 34457 5127 7 5 5 CD 34457 5127 8 . . . 34457 5128 1 193 193 CD 34457 5128 2 . . . 34457 5129 1 Schreinemakers schreinemaker NNS 34457 5129 2 , , , 34457 5129 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5129 4 ibid ibid NN 34457 5129 5 . . . 34457 5129 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5129 7 , , , 34457 5129 8 1897 1897 CD 34457 5129 9 , , , 34457 5129 10 23 23 CD 34457 5129 11 . . . 34457 5130 1 417 417 CD 34457 5130 2 . . . 34457 5131 1 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5131 2 , , , 34457 5131 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5131 4 Rec Rec NNP 34457 5131 5 . . . 34457 5132 1 trav trav NN 34457 5132 2 . . . 34457 5133 1 chim chim NNP 34457 5133 2 . . . 34457 5134 1 Pays Pays NNPS 34457 5134 2 - - HYPH 34457 5134 3 Bays Bays NNP 34457 5134 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5134 5 , , , 34457 5134 6 1889 1889 CD 34457 5134 7 , , , 34457 5134 8 8 8 CD 34457 5134 9 . . . 34457 5135 1 257 257 CD 34457 5135 2 . . . 34457 5136 1 Bruner Bruner NNP 34457 5136 2 , , , 34457 5136 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5136 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5136 5 . . . 34457 5137 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5137 2 . . . 34457 5138 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5138 2 . . . 34457 5138 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5138 4 , , , 34457 5138 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5138 6 , , , 34457 5138 7 23 23 CD 34457 5138 8 . . . 34457 5139 1 542 542 CD 34457 5139 2 . . . 34457 5140 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5140 2 207 207 CD 34457 5140 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5140 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5140 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5140 6 , , , 34457 5140 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5140 8 Lectures Lectures NNP 34457 5140 9 on on IN 34457 5140 10 Theoretical Theoretical NNP 34457 5140 11 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 5140 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5140 13 , , , 34457 5140 14 I. I. NNP 34457 5140 15 p. p. NN 34457 5140 16 42 42 CD 34457 5140 17 . . . 34457 5141 1 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5141 2 , , , 34457 5141 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5141 4 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5141 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5141 6 , , , 34457 5141 7 II II NNP 34457 5141 8 . . . 34457 5142 1 2 2 LS 34457 5142 2 . . . 34457 5143 1 824 824 CD 34457 5143 2 . . . 34457 5144 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5144 2 208 208 CD 34457 5144 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5144 4 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5144 5 , , , 34457 5144 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5144 7 Principles Principles NNPS 34457 5144 8 of of IN 34457 5144 9 Inorganic Inorganic NNP 34457 5144 10 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 5144 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5144 12 , , , 34457 5144 13 translated translate VBN 34457 5144 14 by by IN 34457 5144 15 A. a. NN 34457 5144 16 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 5144 17 , , , 34457 5144 18 2nd 2nd JJ 34457 5144 19 edit edit NN 34457 5144 20 . . . 34457 5144 21 , , , 34457 5144 22 p. p. NN 34457 5144 23 453 453 CD 34457 5144 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5144 25 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 34457 5144 26 , , , 34457 5144 27 1904 1904 CD 34457 5144 28 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5144 29 ; ; : 34457 5144 30 Skirrow Skirrow NNP 34457 5144 31 and and CC 34457 5144 32 Calvert Calvert NNP 34457 5144 33 , , , 34457 5144 34 _ _ NNP 34457 5144 35 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5144 36 . . . 34457 5145 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5145 2 . . . 34457 5146 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5146 2 . . . 34457 5146 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5146 4 , , , 34457 5146 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5146 6 , , , 34457 5146 7 37 37 CD 34457 5146 8 . . . 34457 5147 1 217 217 CD 34457 5147 2 . . . 34457 5148 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5148 2 209 209 CD 34457 5148 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5148 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5148 5 Vide Vide NNP 34457 5148 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5148 7 Loewel Loewel NNP 34457 5148 8 , , , 34457 5148 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5148 10 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5148 11 chim chim NN 34457 5148 12 . . . 34457 5149 1 phys phys NN 34457 5149 2 . . . 34457 5149 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5149 4 , , , 34457 5149 5 1857 1857 CD 34457 5149 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5149 7 3 3 CD 34457 5149 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5149 9 , , , 34457 5149 10 49 49 CD 34457 5149 11 . . . 34457 5150 1 32 32 CD 34457 5150 2 . . . 34457 5151 1 Cf cf NN 34457 5151 2 . . . 34457 5152 1 Löwenherz Löwenherz NNP 34457 5152 2 , , , 34457 5152 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5152 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5152 5 . . . 34457 5153 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5153 2 . . . 34457 5154 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5154 2 . . . 34457 5154 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5154 4 , , , 34457 5154 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5154 6 , , , 34457 5154 7 18 18 CD 34457 5154 8 . . . 34457 5155 1 82 82 CD 34457 5155 2 . . . 34457 5156 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5156 2 210 210 CD 34457 5156 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5156 4 Loewel Loewel NNP 34457 5156 5 , , , 34457 5156 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5156 7 loc loc NN 34457 5156 8 . . . 34457 5157 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5157 2 . . . 34457 5157 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5157 4 Gay Gay NNP 34457 5157 5 - - HYPH 34457 5157 6 Lussac Lussac NNP 34457 5157 7 , , , 34457 5157 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5157 9 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5157 10 chim chim NN 34457 5157 11 . . . 34457 5158 1 phys phys NN 34457 5158 2 . . . 34457 5158 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5158 4 , , , 34457 5158 5 1819 1819 CD 34457 5158 6 , , , 34457 5158 7 11 11 CD 34457 5158 8 . . . 34457 5159 1 296 296 CD 34457 5159 2 . . . 34457 5160 1 For for IN 34457 5160 2 the the DT 34457 5160 3 solubility solubility NN 34457 5160 4 at at IN 34457 5160 5 higher high JJR 34457 5160 6 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 5160 7 , , , 34457 5160 8 see see VB 34457 5160 9 Tilden Tilden NNP 34457 5160 10 and and CC 34457 5160 11 Shenstone Shenstone NNP 34457 5160 12 , , , 34457 5160 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5160 14 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5160 15 . . . 34457 5161 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 5161 2 . . . 34457 5161 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5161 4 , , , 34457 5161 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 5161 6 , , , 34457 5161 7 175 175 CD 34457 5161 8 . . . 34457 5162 1 23 23 CD 34457 5162 2 . . . 34457 5163 1 à à NNP 34457 5163 2 � � NNP 34457 5163 3 tard tard RB 34457 5163 4 , , , 34457 5163 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5163 6 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5163 7 chim chim NN 34457 5163 8 . . . 34457 5164 1 phys phys NN 34457 5164 2 . . . 34457 5164 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5164 4 , , , 34457 5164 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5164 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5164 7 7 7 CD 34457 5164 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5164 9 , , , 34457 5164 10 2 2 CD 34457 5164 11 . . . 34457 5165 1 548 548 CD 34457 5165 2 . . . 34457 5166 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5166 2 211 211 CD 34457 5166 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5166 4 Richards Richards NNP 34457 5166 5 , , , 34457 5166 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5166 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5166 8 . . . 34457 5167 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5167 2 . . . 34457 5168 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5168 2 . . . 34457 5168 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5168 4 , , , 34457 5168 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5168 6 , , , 34457 5168 7 26 26 CD 34457 5168 8 . . . 34457 5169 1 690 690 CD 34457 5169 2 ; ; : 34457 5169 3 Richards Richards NNP 34457 5169 4 and and CC 34457 5169 5 Wells Wells NNP 34457 5169 6 , , , 34457 5169 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5169 8 ibid ibid NN 34457 5169 9 . . . 34457 5169 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5169 11 , , , 34457 5169 12 1903 1903 CD 34457 5169 13 , , , 34457 5169 14 43 43 CD 34457 5169 15 . . . 34457 5170 1 465 465 CD 34457 5170 2 . . . 34457 5171 1 This this DT 34457 5171 2 temperature temperature NN 34457 5171 3 is be VBZ 34457 5171 4 not not RB 34457 5171 5 quite quite RB 34457 5171 6 the the DT 34457 5171 7 same same JJ 34457 5171 8 as as IN 34457 5171 9 that that DT 34457 5171 10 of of IN 34457 5171 11 the the DT 34457 5171 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5171 13 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 5171 14 point point NN 34457 5171 15 _ _ NNP 34457 5171 16 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 34457 5171 17 salt salt NN 34457 5171 18 -- -- : 34457 5171 19 hydrated hydrated JJ 34457 5171 20 salt salt NN 34457 5171 21 -- -- : 34457 5171 22 solution solution NN 34457 5171 23 -- -- : 34457 5171 24 vapour vapour RB 34457 5171 25 , , , 34457 5171 26 because because IN 34457 5171 27 the the DT 34457 5171 28 latter latter NN 34457 5171 29 is be VBZ 34457 5171 30 the the DT 34457 5171 31 temperature temperature NN 34457 5171 32 at at IN 34457 5171 33 which which WDT 34457 5171 34 the the DT 34457 5171 35 system system NN 34457 5171 36 is be VBZ 34457 5171 37 under under IN 34457 5171 38 the the DT 34457 5171 39 pressure pressure NN 34457 5171 40 of of IN 34457 5171 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 5171 42 own own JJ 34457 5171 43 vapour vapour NN 34457 5171 44 . . . 34457 5172 1 Since since IN 34457 5172 2 , , , 34457 5172 3 however however RB 34457 5172 4 , , , 34457 5172 5 the the DT 34457 5172 6 influence influence NN 34457 5172 7 of of IN 34457 5172 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 5172 9 on on IN 34457 5172 10 the the DT 34457 5172 11 solubility solubility NN 34457 5172 12 is be VBZ 34457 5172 13 very very RB 34457 5172 14 slight slight JJ 34457 5172 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5172 16 p. p. NN 34457 5172 17 107 107 CD 34457 5172 18 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5172 19 , , , 34457 5172 20 the the DT 34457 5172 21 position position NN 34457 5172 22 of of IN 34457 5172 23 the the DT 34457 5172 24 two two CD 34457 5172 25 points point NNS 34457 5172 26 will will MD 34457 5172 27 not not RB 34457 5172 28 be be VB 34457 5172 29 greatly greatly RB 34457 5172 30 different different JJ 34457 5172 31 . . . 34457 5173 1 The the DT 34457 5173 2 quadruple quadruple NN 34457 5173 3 point point NN 34457 5173 4 was be VBD 34457 5173 5 found find VBN 34457 5173 6 by by IN 34457 5173 7 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 5173 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5173 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5173 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5173 11 . . . 34457 5174 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5174 2 . . . 34457 5175 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5175 2 . . . 34457 5175 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5175 4 , , , 34457 5175 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5175 6 , , , 34457 5175 7 14 14 CD 34457 5175 8 . . . 34457 5176 1 90 90 CD 34457 5176 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5176 3 to to TO 34457 5176 4 be be VB 34457 5176 5 32.6 32.6â CD 34457 5176 6 ° ° NNS 34457 5176 7 and and CC 34457 5176 8 30.8 30.8 CD 34457 5176 9 mm mm CD 34457 5176 10 . . . 34457 5177 1 of of IN 34457 5177 2 mercury mercury NNP 34457 5177 3 . . . 34457 5178 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5178 2 212 212 CD 34457 5178 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5178 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5178 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5178 6 and and CC 34457 5178 7 van van NNP 34457 5178 8 Deventer Deventer NNP 34457 5178 9 , , , 34457 5178 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5178 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5178 12 . . . 34457 5179 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5179 2 . . . 34457 5180 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5180 2 . . . 34457 5180 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5180 4 , , , 34457 5180 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5180 6 , , , 34457 5180 7 1 1 CD 34457 5180 8 . . . 34457 5181 1 185 185 CD 34457 5181 2 . . . 34457 5182 1 Cf cf NN 34457 5182 2 . . . 34457 5183 1 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 5183 2 , , , 34457 5183 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5183 4 ibid ibid NN 34457 5183 5 . . . 34457 5183 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5183 7 , , , 34457 5183 8 1894 1894 CD 34457 5183 9 , , , 34457 5183 10 14 14 CD 34457 5183 11 . . . 34457 5184 1 88 88 CD 34457 5184 2 . . . 34457 5185 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5185 2 213 213 CD 34457 5185 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5185 4 Debray Debray NNP 34457 5185 5 , , , 34457 5185 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5185 7 Compt Compt NNP 34457 5185 8 . . . 34457 5186 1 rend rend VB 34457 5186 2 . . . 34457 5186 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5186 4 , , , 34457 5186 5 1868 1868 CD 34457 5186 6 , , , 34457 5186 7 66 66 CD 34457 5186 8 . . . 34457 5187 1 194 194 CD 34457 5187 2 . . . 34457 5188 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5188 2 214 214 CD 34457 5188 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5188 4 Richards Richards NNP 34457 5188 5 , , , 34457 5188 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5188 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5188 8 . . . 34457 5189 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5189 2 . . . 34457 5190 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5190 2 . . . 34457 5190 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5190 4 , , , 34457 5190 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5190 6 , , , 34457 5190 7 26 26 CD 34457 5190 8 . . . 34457 5191 1 690 690 CD 34457 5191 2 . . . 34457 5192 1 A a DT 34457 5192 2 number number NN 34457 5192 3 of of IN 34457 5192 4 other other JJ 34457 5192 5 salt salt NN 34457 5192 6 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 5192 7 , , , 34457 5192 8 having have VBG 34457 5192 9 transition transition NN 34457 5192 10 - - HYPH 34457 5192 11 points point NNS 34457 5192 12 ranging range VBG 34457 5192 13 from from IN 34457 5192 14 20 20â CD 34457 5192 15 ° ° NNS 34457 5192 16 to to IN 34457 5192 17 78 78â CD 34457 5192 18 ° ° NNS 34457 5192 19 , , , 34457 5192 20 which which WDT 34457 5192 21 might may MD 34457 5192 22 be be VB 34457 5192 23 used use VBN 34457 5192 24 for for IN 34457 5192 25 the the DT 34457 5192 26 same same JJ 34457 5192 27 purpose purpose NN 34457 5192 28 , , , 34457 5192 29 have have VBP 34457 5192 30 been be VBN 34457 5192 31 given give VBN 34457 5192 32 by by IN 34457 5192 33 Richards Richards NNP 34457 5192 34 and and CC 34457 5192 35 Churchill Churchill NNP 34457 5192 36 , , , 34457 5192 37 _ _ NNP 34457 5192 38 ibid ibid NN 34457 5192 39 . . . 34457 5192 40 _ _ NNP 34457 5192 41 , , , 34457 5192 42 1899 1899 CD 34457 5192 43 , , , 34457 5192 44 28 28 CD 34457 5192 45 . . . 34457 5193 1 313 313 CD 34457 5193 2 . . . 34457 5194 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5194 2 215 215 CD 34457 5194 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5194 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5194 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5194 6 . . . 34457 5195 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5195 2 . . . 34457 5196 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5196 2 . . . 34457 5196 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5196 4 , , , 34457 5196 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5196 6 , , , 34457 5196 7 46 46 CD 34457 5196 8 . . . 34457 5197 1 818 818 CD 34457 5197 2 . . . 34457 5198 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5198 2 216 216 CD 34457 5198 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5198 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5198 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5198 6 , , , 34457 5198 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5198 8 Lectures Lectures NNP 34457 5198 9 on on IN 34457 5198 10 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5198 11 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 5198 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5198 13 , , , 34457 5198 14 I. I. NNP 34457 5198 15 p. p. NN 34457 5198 16 67 67 CD 34457 5198 17 . . . 34457 5199 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5199 2 217 217 CD 34457 5199 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5199 4 Cohen Cohen NNP 34457 5199 5 , , , 34457 5199 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5199 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5199 8 . . . 34457 5200 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5200 2 . . . 34457 5201 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5201 2 . . . 34457 5201 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5201 4 , , , 34457 5201 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5201 6 , , , 34457 5201 7 14 14 CD 34457 5201 8 . . . 34457 5202 1 90 90 CD 34457 5202 2 . . . 34457 5203 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5203 2 218 218 CD 34457 5203 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5203 4 Ziz Ziz NNP 34457 5203 5 , , , 34457 5203 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5203 7 Schweigger Schweigger NNP 34457 5203 8 's 's POS 34457 5203 9 Journal Journal NNP 34457 5203 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5203 11 , , , 34457 5203 12 1815 1815 CD 34457 5203 13 , , , 34457 5203 14 15 15 CD 34457 5203 15 . . . 34457 5204 1 166 166 CD 34457 5204 2 . . . 34457 5205 1 See see VB 34457 5205 2 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5205 3 , , , 34457 5205 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5205 5 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5205 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5205 7 , , , 34457 5205 8 II II NNP 34457 5205 9 . . . 34457 5206 1 2 2 LS 34457 5206 2 . . . 34457 5207 1 717 717 CD 34457 5207 2 . . . 34457 5208 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5208 2 219 219 CD 34457 5208 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5208 4 See see VB 34457 5208 5 , , , 34457 5208 6 for for IN 34457 5208 7 example example NN 34457 5208 8 , , , 34457 5208 9 the the DT 34457 5208 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 5208 11 determinations determination NNS 34457 5208 12 published publish VBN 34457 5208 13 in in IN 34457 5208 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5208 15 Wissenschaftliche Wissenschaftliche NNP 34457 5208 16 Abhandl Abhandl NNP 34457 5208 17 . . . 34457 5209 1 der der NNP 34457 5209 2 physikalisch physikalisch NNP 34457 5209 3 - - HYPH 34457 5209 4 technischen technischen NNP 34457 5209 5 Reichsanstalt Reichsanstalt NNP 34457 5209 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5209 7 , , , 34457 5209 8 Vol Vol NNP 34457 5209 9 . . . 34457 5210 1 III III NNP 34457 5210 2 . . NNP 34457 5210 3 , , , 34457 5210 4 or or CC 34457 5210 5 in in IN 34457 5210 6 the the DT 34457 5210 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5210 8 Berichte Berichte NNP 34457 5210 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5210 10 , , , 34457 5210 11 for for IN 34457 5210 12 the the DT 34457 5210 13 years year NNS 34457 5210 14 1897 1897 CD 34457 5210 15 - - SYM 34457 5210 16 1901 1901 CD 34457 5210 17 . . . 34457 5211 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5211 2 220 220 CD 34457 5211 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5211 4 Meusser Meusser NNP 34457 5211 5 , , , 34457 5211 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5211 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5211 8 . . . 34457 5211 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5211 10 , , , 34457 5211 11 1901 1901 CD 34457 5211 12 , , , 34457 5211 13 34 34 CD 34457 5211 14 . . . 34457 5212 1 2440 2440 CD 34457 5212 2 . . . 34457 5213 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5213 2 221 221 CD 34457 5213 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5213 4 Mylius Mylius NNP 34457 5213 5 and and CC 34457 5213 6 von von NNP 34457 5213 7 Wrochem Wrochem NNP 34457 5213 8 , , , 34457 5213 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5213 10 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5213 11 . . . 34457 5213 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5213 13 , , , 34457 5213 14 1900 1900 CD 34457 5213 15 , , , 34457 5213 16 33 33 CD 34457 5213 17 . . . 34457 5214 1 3693 3693 CD 34457 5214 2 . . . 34457 5215 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5215 2 222 222 CD 34457 5215 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5215 4 Walker Walker NNP 34457 5215 5 and and CC 34457 5215 6 Fyffe Fyffe NNP 34457 5215 7 , , , 34457 5215 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5215 9 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5215 10 . . . 34457 5216 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5216 2 . . . 34457 5217 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5217 2 . . . 34457 5217 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5217 4 , , , 34457 5217 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5217 6 , , , 34457 5217 7 83 83 CD 34457 5217 8 . . . 34457 5218 1 180 180 CD 34457 5218 2 . . . 34457 5219 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5219 2 223 223 CD 34457 5219 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5219 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5219 5 Monatshefte Monatshefte NNP 34457 5219 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5219 7 , , , 34457 5219 8 1887 1887 CD 34457 5219 9 , , , 34457 5219 10 8 8 CD 34457 5219 11 . . . 34457 5220 1 601 601 CD 34457 5220 2 . . . 34457 5221 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5221 2 224 224 CD 34457 5221 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5221 4 The the DT 34457 5221 5 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 5221 6 between between IN 34457 5221 7 calcium calcium NN 34457 5221 8 chloride chloride NN 34457 5221 9 and and CC 34457 5221 10 water water NN 34457 5221 11 have have VBP 34457 5221 12 been be VBN 34457 5221 13 most most RBS 34457 5221 14 completely completely RB 34457 5221 15 studied study VBN 34457 5221 16 by by IN 34457 5221 17 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5221 18 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5221 19 _ _ NNP 34457 5221 20 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5221 21 . . . 34457 5222 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5222 2 . . . 34457 5223 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5223 2 . . . 34457 5223 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5223 4 , , , 34457 5223 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5223 6 , , , 34457 5223 7 4 4 CD 34457 5223 8 . . . 34457 5224 1 31 31 CD 34457 5224 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5224 3 . . . 34457 5225 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5225 2 225 225 CD 34457 5225 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5225 4 Hammerl Hammerl NNP 34457 5225 5 , , , 34457 5225 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5225 7 Sitzungsber Sitzungsber NNP 34457 5225 8 . . . 34457 5226 1 Wien Wien NNP 34457 5226 2 . . . 34457 5227 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5227 2 . . . 34457 5227 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5227 4 , , , 34457 5227 5 2^{te 2^{te CD 34457 5227 6 } } -RRB- 34457 5227 7 Abteil Abteil NNP 34457 5227 8 , , , 34457 5227 9 1878 1878 CD 34457 5227 10 , , , 34457 5227 11 78 78 CD 34457 5227 12 . . . 34457 5228 1 59 59 CD 34457 5228 2 . . . 34457 5229 1 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5229 2 , , , 34457 5229 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5229 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5229 5 . . . 34457 5230 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5230 2 . . . 34457 5231 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5231 2 . . . 34457 5231 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5231 4 , , , 34457 5231 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5231 6 , , , 34457 5231 7 4 4 CD 34457 5231 8 . . . 34457 5232 1 31 31 CD 34457 5232 2 . . . 34457 5233 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5233 2 226 226 CD 34457 5233 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5233 4 Lidbury Lidbury NNP 34457 5233 5 , , , 34457 5233 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5233 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5233 8 . . . 34457 5234 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5234 2 . . . 34457 5235 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5235 2 . . . 34457 5235 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5235 4 , , , 34457 5235 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5235 6 , , , 34457 5235 7 39 39 CD 34457 5235 8 . . . 34457 5236 1 453 453 CD 34457 5236 2 . . . 34457 5237 1 The the DT 34457 5237 2 curvature curvature NN 34457 5237 3 at at IN 34457 5237 4 the the DT 34457 5237 5 melting melting NN 34457 5237 6 point point NN 34457 5237 7 is be VBZ 34457 5237 8 all all PDT 34457 5237 9 the the DT 34457 5237 10 greater great JJR 34457 5237 11 the the DT 34457 5237 12 more more JJR 34457 5237 13 the the DT 34457 5237 14 compound compound NN 34457 5237 15 is be VBZ 34457 5237 16 dissociated dissociate VBN 34457 5237 17 into into IN 34457 5237 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 34457 5237 19 components component NNS 34457 5237 20 in in IN 34457 5237 21 the the DT 34457 5237 22 liquid liquid JJ 34457 5237 23 state state NN 34457 5237 24 . . . 34457 5238 1 If if IN 34457 5238 2 the the DT 34457 5238 3 compound compound NN 34457 5238 4 is be VBZ 34457 5238 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 6 completely completely RB 34457 5238 7 undissociated undissociate VBN 34457 5238 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 9 , , , 34457 5238 10 even even RB 34457 5238 11 in in IN 34457 5238 12 the the DT 34457 5238 13 vapour vapour NN 34457 5238 14 phase phase NN 34457 5238 15 , , , 34457 5238 16 the the DT 34457 5238 17 two two CD 34457 5238 18 branches branch NNS 34457 5238 19 of of IN 34457 5238 20 the the DT 34457 5238 21 curve curve NN 34457 5238 22 will will MD 34457 5238 23 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 24 intersect intersect VB 34457 5238 25 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 26 , , , 34457 5238 27 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5238 28 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 29 e.g. e.g. NNP 34457 5238 30 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 31 pyridine pyridine NNP 34457 5238 32 and and CC 34457 5238 33 methyl methyl NN 34457 5238 34 iodide iodide NN 34457 5238 35 ; ; : 34457 5238 36 Aten Aten NNP 34457 5238 37 , , , 34457 5238 38 _ _ NNP 34457 5238 39 Versl Versl NNP 34457 5238 40 . . . 34457 5239 1 Konink konink NN 34457 5239 2 . . . 34457 5240 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5240 2 . . . 34457 5241 1 Wetensch Wetensch NNP 34457 5241 2 . . . 34457 5242 1 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP 34457 5242 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5242 3 , , , 34457 5242 4 1905 1905 CD 34457 5242 5 , , , 34457 5242 6 13 13 CD 34457 5242 7 . . . 34457 5243 1 462 462 CD 34457 5243 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5243 3 . . . 34457 5244 1 The the DT 34457 5244 2 smaller small JJR 34457 5244 3 the the DT 34457 5244 4 degree degree NN 34457 5244 5 of of IN 34457 5244 6 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 5244 7 , , , 34457 5244 8 therefore therefore RB 34457 5244 9 , , , 34457 5244 10 the the DT 34457 5244 11 sharper sharp JJR 34457 5244 12 will will MD 34457 5244 13 be be VB 34457 5244 14 the the DT 34457 5244 15 bend bend NN 34457 5244 16 . . . 34457 5245 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5245 2 See see VB 34457 5245 3 Stortenbeker Stortenbeker NNP 34457 5245 4 , , , 34457 5245 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5245 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5245 7 . . . 34457 5246 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5246 2 . . . 34457 5247 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5247 2 . . . 34457 5247 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5247 4 , , , 34457 5247 5 1892 1892 CD 34457 5247 6 , , , 34457 5247 7 10 10 CD 34457 5247 8 . . . 34457 5248 1 194 194 CD 34457 5248 2 . . . 34457 5248 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5249 1 From from IN 34457 5249 2 the the DT 34457 5249 3 extent extent NN 34457 5249 4 of of IN 34457 5249 5 flattening flatten VBG 34457 5249 6 of of IN 34457 5249 7 the the DT 34457 5249 8 curve curve NN 34457 5249 9 , , , 34457 5249 10 it -PRON- PRP 34457 5249 11 is be VBZ 34457 5249 12 also also RB 34457 5249 13 possible possible JJ 34457 5249 14 , , , 34457 5249 15 with with IN 34457 5249 16 some some DT 34457 5249 17 degree degree NN 34457 5249 18 of of IN 34457 5249 19 approximation approximation NN 34457 5249 20 , , , 34457 5249 21 to to TO 34457 5249 22 calculate calculate VB 34457 5249 23 the the DT 34457 5249 24 degree degree NN 34457 5249 25 of of IN 34457 5249 26 dissociation dissociation NN 34457 5249 27 of of IN 34457 5249 28 the the DT 34457 5249 29 substance substance NN 34457 5249 30 in in IN 34457 5249 31 the the DT 34457 5249 32 fused fuse VBN 34457 5249 33 state state NN 34457 5249 34 . . . 34457 5250 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5250 2 See see VB 34457 5250 3 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5250 4 and and CC 34457 5250 5 Aten Aten NNP 34457 5250 6 , , , 34457 5250 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5250 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5250 9 . . . 34457 5251 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5251 2 . . . 34457 5252 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5252 2 . . . 34457 5252 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5252 4 , , , 34457 5252 5 1905 1905 CD 34457 5252 6 , , , 34457 5252 7 53 53 CD 34457 5252 8 . . . 34457 5253 1 463 463 CD 34457 5253 2 ; ; : 34457 5253 3 Kremann Kremann NNP 34457 5253 4 , , , 34457 5253 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5253 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5253 7 . . . 34457 5254 1 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5254 2 . . . 34457 5254 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5254 4 , , , 34457 5254 5 1906 1906 CD 34457 5254 6 , , , 34457 5254 7 12 12 CD 34457 5254 8 . . . 34457 5255 1 259 259 CD 34457 5255 2 . . . 34457 5255 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5256 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5256 2 227 227 CD 34457 5256 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5256 4 See See NNP 34457 5256 5 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5256 6 , , , 34457 5256 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5256 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5256 9 . . . 34457 5257 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5257 2 . . . 34457 5258 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5258 2 . . . 34457 5258 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5258 4 , , , 34457 5258 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5258 6 , , , 34457 5258 7 4 4 CD 34457 5258 8 . . . 34457 5259 1 31 31 CD 34457 5259 2 . . . 34457 5260 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5260 2 228 228 CD 34457 5260 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5260 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 5260 5 , , , 34457 5260 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5260 7 Wied Wied NNP 34457 5260 8 . . . 34457 5261 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5261 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5261 3 , , , 34457 5261 4 1899 1899 CD 34457 5261 5 , , , 34457 5261 6 68 68 CD 34457 5261 7 . . . 34457 5262 1 577 577 CD 34457 5262 2 . . . 34457 5263 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5263 2 229 229 CD 34457 5263 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5263 4 Duhem Duhem NNP 34457 5263 5 , , , 34457 5263 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5263 7 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5263 8 . . . 34457 5264 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5264 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5264 3 . . . 34457 5264 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5264 5 , , , 34457 5264 6 1898 1898 CD 34457 5264 7 , , , 34457 5264 8 2 2 CD 34457 5264 9 . . . 34457 5265 1 31 31 CD 34457 5265 2 . . . 34457 5266 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5266 2 230 230 CD 34457 5266 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5266 4 Gibbs Gibbs NNPS 34457 5266 5 , , , 34457 5266 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5266 7 Trans Trans NNP 34457 5266 8 . . . 34457 5267 1 Conn. Connecticut NNP 34457 5267 2 Acad Acad NNP 34457 5267 3 . . . 34457 5267 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5267 5 , , , 34457 5267 6 3 3 CD 34457 5267 7 . . . 34457 5268 1 155 155 CD 34457 5268 2 ; ; : 34457 5268 3 Saurel Saurel NNP 34457 5268 4 , , , 34457 5268 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5268 6 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5268 7 . . . 34457 5269 1 Phys phys NN 34457 5269 2 . . . 34457 5270 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5270 2 . . . 34457 5270 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5270 4 , , , 34457 5270 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5270 6 , , , 34457 5270 7 5 5 CD 34457 5270 8 . . . 34457 5271 1 35 35 CD 34457 5271 2 . . . 34457 5272 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5272 2 231 231 CD 34457 5272 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5272 4 In in IN 34457 5272 5 the the DT 34457 5272 6 case case NN 34457 5272 7 of of IN 34457 5272 8 the the DT 34457 5272 9 fusion fusion NN 34457 5272 10 of of IN 34457 5272 11 a a DT 34457 5272 12 compound compound NN 34457 5272 13 of of IN 34457 5272 14 two two CD 34457 5272 15 components component NNS 34457 5272 16 with with IN 34457 5272 17 formation formation NN 34457 5272 18 of of IN 34457 5272 19 a a DT 34457 5272 20 liquid liquid JJ 34457 5272 21 phase phase NN 34457 5272 22 of of IN 34457 5272 23 the the DT 34457 5272 24 same same JJ 34457 5272 25 composition composition NN 34457 5272 26 , , , 34457 5272 27 the the DT 34457 5272 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 5272 29 is be VBZ 34457 5272 30 a a DT 34457 5272 31 maximum maximum NN 34457 5272 32 ; ; : 34457 5272 33 in in IN 34457 5272 34 the the DT 34457 5272 35 case case NN 34457 5272 36 of of IN 34457 5272 37 liquid liquid JJ 34457 5272 38 mixtures mixture NNS 34457 5272 39 of of IN 34457 5272 40 constant constant JJ 34457 5272 41 boiling boiling NN 34457 5272 42 - - HYPH 34457 5272 43 point point NN 34457 5272 44 , , , 34457 5272 45 the the DT 34457 5272 46 temperature temperature NN 34457 5272 47 may may MD 34457 5272 48 be be VB 34457 5272 49 a a DT 34457 5272 50 minimum minimum NN 34457 5272 51 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5272 52 p. p. NN 34457 5272 53 105 105 CD 34457 5272 54 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5272 55 . . . 34457 5273 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5273 2 232 232 CD 34457 5273 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5273 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5273 5 , , , 34457 5273 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5273 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5273 8 . . . 34457 5274 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5274 2 . . . 34457 5275 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5275 2 . . . 34457 5275 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5275 4 , , , 34457 5275 5 1892 1892 CD 34457 5275 6 , , , 34457 5275 7 10 10 CD 34457 5275 8 . . . 34457 5276 1 477 477 CD 34457 5276 2 . . . 34457 5277 1 The the DT 34457 5277 2 formula formula NN 34457 5277 3 of of IN 34457 5277 4 ferric ferric JJ 34457 5277 5 chloride chloride NN 34457 5277 6 has have VBZ 34457 5277 7 been be VBN 34457 5277 8 doubled double VBN 34457 5277 9 , , , 34457 5277 10 in in IN 34457 5277 11 order order NN 34457 5277 12 to to TO 34457 5277 13 avoid avoid VB 34457 5277 14 fractions fraction NNS 34457 5277 15 in in IN 34457 5277 16 the the DT 34457 5277 17 expression expression NN 34457 5277 18 of of IN 34457 5277 19 the the DT 34457 5277 20 water water NN 34457 5277 21 of of IN 34457 5277 22 crystallization crystallization NN 34457 5277 23 . . . 34457 5278 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5278 2 233 233 CD 34457 5278 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5278 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5278 5 , , , 34457 5278 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5278 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5278 8 . . . 34457 5279 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5279 2 . . . 34457 5280 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5280 2 . . . 34457 5280 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5280 4 , , , 34457 5280 5 1892 1892 CD 34457 5280 6 , , , 34457 5280 7 10 10 CD 34457 5280 8 . . . 34457 5281 1 477 477 CD 34457 5281 2 . . . 34457 5282 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5282 2 234 234 CD 34457 5282 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5282 4 A a DT 34457 5282 5 similar similar JJ 34457 5282 6 series series NN 34457 5282 7 of of IN 34457 5282 8 hydrates hydrate NNS 34457 5282 9 is be VBZ 34457 5282 10 formed form VBN 34457 5282 11 by by IN 34457 5282 12 zinc zinc NN 34457 5282 13 chloride chloride NN 34457 5282 14 and and CC 34457 5282 15 water water NN 34457 5282 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5282 17 Dietz Dietz NNP 34457 5282 18 and and CC 34457 5282 19 Mylius Mylius NNP 34457 5282 20 , , , 34457 5282 21 _ _ NNP 34457 5282 22 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5282 23 . . . 34457 5283 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 5283 2 . . . 34457 5284 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5284 2 . . . 34457 5284 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5284 4 , , , 34457 5284 5 1905 1905 CD 34457 5284 6 , , , 34457 5284 7 44 44 CD 34457 5284 8 . . . 34457 5285 1 209 209 CD 34457 5285 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5285 3 . . . 34457 5286 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5286 2 235 235 CD 34457 5286 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5286 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5286 5 , , , 34457 5286 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5286 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5286 8 . . . 34457 5286 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5286 10 , , , 34457 5286 11 1897 1897 CD 34457 5286 12 , , , 34457 5286 13 30 30 CD 34457 5286 14 . . . 34457 5287 1 1810 1810 CD 34457 5287 2 . . . 34457 5288 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5288 2 236 236 CD 34457 5288 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5288 4 Walden Walden NNP 34457 5288 5 , , , 34457 5288 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5288 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5288 8 . . . 34457 5288 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5288 10 , , , 34457 5288 11 1899 1899 CD 34457 5288 12 , , , 34457 5288 13 32 32 CD 34457 5288 14 . . . 34457 5289 1 2863 2863 CD 34457 5289 2 . . . 34457 5290 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5290 2 237 237 CD 34457 5290 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5290 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5290 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5290 6 . . . 34457 5291 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5291 2 . . . 34457 5292 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5292 2 . . . 34457 5292 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5292 4 , , , 34457 5292 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5292 6 , , , 34457 5292 7 42 42 CD 34457 5292 8 . . . 34457 5293 1 432 432 CD 34457 5293 2 . . . 34457 5294 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5294 2 238 238 CD 34457 5294 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5294 4 This this DT 34457 5294 5 composition composition NN 34457 5294 6 was be VBD 34457 5294 7 also also RB 34457 5294 8 confirmed confirm VBN 34457 5294 9 by by IN 34457 5294 10 measurements measurement NNS 34457 5294 11 of of IN 34457 5294 12 the the DT 34457 5294 13 vapour vapour JJ 34457 5294 14 pressure pressure NN 34457 5294 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5294 16 cf cf UH 34457 5294 17 . . . 34457 5295 1 p. p. NN 34457 5295 2 90 90 CD 34457 5295 3 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5295 4 . . . 34457 5296 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5296 2 239 239 CD 34457 5296 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5296 4 Since since IN 34457 5296 5 all all DT 34457 5296 6 substances substance NNS 34457 5296 7 are be VBP 34457 5296 8 no no RB 34457 5296 9 doubt doubt RB 34457 5296 10 volatile volatile JJ 34457 5296 11 to to IN 34457 5296 12 a a DT 34457 5296 13 certain certain JJ 34457 5296 14 extent extent NN 34457 5296 15 at at IN 34457 5296 16 some some DT 34457 5296 17 temperature temperature NN 34457 5296 18 , , , 34457 5296 19 it -PRON- PRP 34457 5296 20 is be VBZ 34457 5296 21 to to TO 34457 5296 22 be be VB 34457 5296 23 understood understand VBN 34457 5296 24 here here RB 34457 5296 25 that that IN 34457 5296 26 the the DT 34457 5296 27 substances substance NNS 34457 5296 28 are be VBP 34457 5296 29 appreciably appreciably RB 34457 5296 30 volatile volatile JJ 34457 5296 31 at at IN 34457 5296 32 the the DT 34457 5296 33 temperature temperature NN 34457 5296 34 of of IN 34457 5296 35 the the DT 34457 5296 36 experiment experiment NN 34457 5296 37 . . . 34457 5297 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5297 2 240 240 CD 34457 5297 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5297 4 For for IN 34457 5297 5 a a DT 34457 5297 6 general general JJ 34457 5297 7 discussion discussion NN 34457 5297 8 of of IN 34457 5297 9 the the DT 34457 5297 10 partial partial JJ 34457 5297 11 pressures pressure NNS 34457 5297 12 in in IN 34457 5297 13 a a DT 34457 5297 14 system system NN 34457 5297 15 of of IN 34457 5297 16 two two CD 34457 5297 17 components component NNS 34457 5297 18 , , , 34457 5297 19 see see VB 34457 5297 20 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5297 21 , , , 34457 5297 22 _ _ NNP 34457 5297 23 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5297 24 . . . 34457 5298 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5298 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5298 3 . . . 34457 5298 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5298 5 , , , 34457 5298 6 1899 1899 CD 34457 5298 7 , , , 34457 5298 8 3 3 CD 34457 5298 9 . . . 34457 5299 1 1 1 LS 34457 5299 2 . . . 34457 5300 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5300 2 241 241 CD 34457 5300 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5300 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5300 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5300 6 . . . 34457 5301 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5301 2 . . . 34457 5302 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5302 2 . . . 34457 5302 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5302 4 , , , 34457 5302 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5302 6 , , , 34457 5302 7 3 3 CD 34457 5302 8 . . . 34457 5303 1 11 11 CD 34457 5303 2 ; ; : 34457 5303 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5303 4 Rec Rec NNP 34457 5303 5 . . . 34457 5304 1 trav trav NN 34457 5304 2 . . . 34457 5305 1 chim chim NNP 34457 5305 2 . . . 34457 5306 1 Pays Pays NNP 34457 5306 2 - - HYPH 34457 5306 3 Bas Bas NNP 34457 5306 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5306 5 , , , 34457 5306 6 1888 1888 CD 34457 5306 7 , , , 34457 5306 8 7 7 CD 34457 5306 9 . . . 34457 5307 1 152 152 CD 34457 5307 2 . . . 34457 5308 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5308 2 242 242 CD 34457 5308 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5308 4 The the DT 34457 5308 5 composition composition NN 34457 5308 6 of of IN 34457 5308 7 a a DT 34457 5308 8 solution solution NN 34457 5308 9 is be VBZ 34457 5308 10 represented represent VBN 34457 5308 11 symbolically symbolically RB 34457 5308 12 by by IN 34457 5308 13 placing place VBG 34457 5308 14 a a DT 34457 5308 15 double double JJ 34457 5308 16 wavy wavy NN 34457 5308 17 line line NN 34457 5308 18 between between IN 34457 5308 19 the the DT 34457 5308 20 symbols symbol NNS 34457 5308 21 of of IN 34457 5308 22 the the DT 34457 5308 23 components component NNS 34457 5308 24 , , , 34457 5308 25 and and CC 34457 5308 26 indicating indicate VBG 34457 5308 27 the the DT 34457 5308 28 number number NN 34457 5308 29 of of IN 34457 5308 30 atoms atom NNS 34457 5308 31 present present JJ 34457 5308 32 in in IN 34457 5308 33 the the DT 34457 5308 34 ordinary ordinary JJ 34457 5308 35 manner manner NN 34457 5308 36 : : : 34457 5308 37 thus thus RB 34457 5308 38 , , , 34457 5308 39 I -PRON- PRP 34457 5308 40 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5308 41 wavy wavy NNP 34457 5308 42 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5308 43 Cl_{_x cl_{_x CD 34457 5308 44 _ _ NNP 34457 5308 45 } } -RRB- 34457 5308 46 represents represent VBZ 34457 5308 47 a a DT 34457 5308 48 solution solution NN 34457 5308 49 containing contain VBG 34457 5308 50 _ _ NNP 34457 5308 51 x x NNP 34457 5308 52 _ _ NNP 34457 5308 53 atoms atom NNS 34457 5308 54 of of IN 34457 5308 55 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 5308 56 to to IN 34457 5308 57 one one CD 34457 5308 58 atom atom NN 34457 5308 59 of of IN 34457 5308 60 iodine iodine NN 34457 5308 61 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5308 62 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5308 63 , , , 34457 5308 64 _ _ NNP 34457 5308 65 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5308 66 . . . 34457 5309 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5309 2 . . . 34457 5310 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5310 2 . . . 34457 5310 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5310 4 , , , 34457 5310 5 1888 1888 CD 34457 5310 6 , , , 34457 5310 7 2 2 CD 34457 5310 8 . . . 34457 5311 1 450 450 CD 34457 5311 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5311 3 . . . 34457 5312 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5312 2 243 243 CD 34457 5312 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5312 4 Since since IN 34457 5312 5 iodine iodine NN 34457 5312 6 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 5312 7 in in IN 34457 5312 8 the the DT 34457 5312 9 liquid liquid JJ 34457 5312 10 state state NN 34457 5312 11 is be VBZ 34457 5312 12 only only RB 34457 5312 13 very very RB 34457 5312 14 slightly slightly RB 34457 5312 15 dissociated dissociate VBN 34457 5312 16 , , , 34457 5312 17 the the DT 34457 5312 18 bend bend NN 34457 5312 19 at at IN 34457 5312 20 C C NNP 34457 5312 21 is be VBZ 34457 5312 22 very very RB 34457 5312 23 sharp sharp JJ 34457 5312 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5312 25 see see VB 34457 5312 26 p. p. NN 34457 5312 27 147 147 CD 34457 5312 28 , , , 34457 5312 29 footnote footnote NN 34457 5312 30 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5312 31 . . . 34457 5313 1 See see VB 34457 5313 2 also also RB 34457 5313 3 the the DT 34457 5313 4 investigation investigation NN 34457 5313 5 of of IN 34457 5313 6 the the DT 34457 5313 7 system system NN 34457 5313 8 pyridine pyridine JJ 34457 5313 9 and and CC 34457 5313 10 methyl methyl NN 34457 5313 11 iodide iodide NN 34457 5313 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5313 13 Aten Aten NNP 34457 5313 14 , , , 34457 5313 15 _ _ NNP 34457 5313 16 Versl Versl NNP 34457 5313 17 . . . 34457 5314 1 Konink konink NN 34457 5314 2 . . . 34457 5315 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5315 2 . . . 34457 5316 1 Wetensch Wetensch NNP 34457 5316 2 . . . 34457 5317 1 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP 34457 5317 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5317 3 , , , 34457 5317 4 1905 1905 CD 34457 5317 5 , , , 34457 5317 6 13 13 CD 34457 5317 7 . . . 34457 5318 1 462 462 CD 34457 5318 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5318 3 . . . 34457 5319 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5319 2 244 244 CD 34457 5319 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5319 4 This this DT 34457 5319 5 upper upper JJ 34457 5319 6 branch branch NN 34457 5319 7 of of IN 34457 5319 8 the the DT 34457 5319 9 curve curve NN 34457 5319 10 is be VBZ 34457 5319 11 not not RB 34457 5319 12 shown show VBN 34457 5319 13 in in IN 34457 5319 14 the the DT 34457 5319 15 figure figure NN 34457 5319 16 , , , 34457 5319 17 as as IN 34457 5319 18 the the DT 34457 5319 19 ordinate ordinate NN 34457 5319 20 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 5319 21 to to IN 34457 5319 22 30 30â CD 34457 5319 23 ° ° NNS 34457 5319 24 would would MD 34457 5319 25 be be VB 34457 5319 26 very very RB 34457 5319 27 great great JJ 34457 5319 28 . . . 34457 5320 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5320 2 245 245 CD 34457 5320 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5320 4 Stortenbeker Stortenbeker NNP 34457 5320 5 , , , 34457 5320 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5320 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5320 8 . . . 34457 5321 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5321 2 . . . 34457 5322 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5322 2 . . . 34457 5322 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5322 4 , , , 34457 5322 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5322 6 , , , 34457 5322 7 3 3 CD 34457 5322 8 . . . 34457 5323 1 22 22 CD 34457 5323 2 . . . 34457 5324 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5324 2 246 246 CD 34457 5324 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5324 4 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 5324 5 and and CC 34457 5324 6 Young Young NNP 34457 5324 7 , , , 34457 5324 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5324 9 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5324 10 . . . 34457 5325 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5325 2 . . . 34457 5326 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5326 2 . . . 34457 5326 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5326 4 , , , 34457 5326 5 1886 1886 CD 34457 5326 6 , , , 34457 5326 7 49 49 CD 34457 5326 8 . . . 34457 5327 1 458 458 CD 34457 5327 2 . . . 34457 5328 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5328 2 247 247 CD 34457 5328 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5328 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5328 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5328 6 , , , 34457 5328 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5328 8 Lectures Lectures NNP 34457 5328 9 on on IN 34457 5328 10 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5328 11 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 5328 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5328 13 , , , 34457 5328 14 I. I. NNP 34457 5328 15 p. p. NN 34457 5328 16 77 77 CD 34457 5328 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5328 18 Arnold Arnold NNP 34457 5328 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5328 20 . . . 34457 5329 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5329 2 248 248 CD 34457 5329 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5329 4 This this DT 34457 5329 5 is be VBZ 34457 5329 6 different different JJ 34457 5329 7 from from IN 34457 5329 8 what what WP 34457 5329 9 we -PRON- PRP 34457 5329 10 found find VBD 34457 5329 11 in in IN 34457 5329 12 the the DT 34457 5329 13 case case NN 34457 5329 14 of of IN 34457 5329 15 non non JJ 34457 5329 16 - - JJ 34457 5329 17 volatile volatile JJ 34457 5329 18 solutes solute NNS 34457 5329 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5329 20 p. p. NN 34457 5329 21 126 126 CD 34457 5329 22 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5329 23 . . . 34457 5330 1 In in IN 34457 5330 2 the the DT 34457 5330 3 present present JJ 34457 5330 4 case case NN 34457 5330 5 , , , 34457 5330 6 the the DT 34457 5330 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5330 8 partial partial JJ 34457 5330 9 pressure pressure NN 34457 5330 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5330 11 of of IN 34457 5330 12 the the DT 34457 5330 13 iodine iodine NN 34457 5330 14 in in IN 34457 5330 15 the the DT 34457 5330 16 vapour vapour NN 34457 5330 17 will will MD 34457 5330 18 be be VB 34457 5330 19 lowered lower VBN 34457 5330 20 by by IN 34457 5330 21 addition addition NN 34457 5330 22 of of IN 34457 5330 23 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 5330 24 , , , 34457 5330 25 but but CC 34457 5330 26 the the DT 34457 5330 27 _ _ NNP 34457 5330 28 total total JJ 34457 5330 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 5330 30 _ _ NNP 34457 5330 31 is be VBZ 34457 5330 32 increased increase VBN 34457 5330 33 . . . 34457 5331 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5331 2 249 249 CD 34457 5331 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5331 4 The the DT 34457 5331 5 diminution diminution NN 34457 5331 6 of of IN 34457 5331 7 volume volume NN 34457 5331 8 is be VBZ 34457 5331 9 supposed suppose VBN 34457 5331 10 to to TO 34457 5331 11 be be VB 34457 5331 12 carried carry VBN 34457 5331 13 out out RP 34457 5331 14 at at IN 34457 5331 15 constant constant JJ 34457 5331 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 5331 17 . . . 34457 5332 1 The the DT 34457 5332 2 pressure pressure NN 34457 5332 3 and and CC 34457 5332 4 the the DT 34457 5332 5 composition composition NN 34457 5332 6 of of IN 34457 5332 7 the the DT 34457 5332 8 phases phase NNS 34457 5332 9 must must MD 34457 5332 10 , , , 34457 5332 11 therefore therefore RB 34457 5332 12 , , , 34457 5332 13 remain remain VBP 34457 5332 14 unchanged unchanged JJ 34457 5332 15 , , , 34457 5332 16 and and CC 34457 5332 17 only only RB 34457 5332 18 the the DT 34457 5332 19 relative relative JJ 34457 5332 20 amounts amount NNS 34457 5332 21 of of IN 34457 5332 22 these these DT 34457 5332 23 can can MD 34457 5332 24 undergo undergo VB 34457 5332 25 alteration alteration NN 34457 5332 26 . . . 34457 5333 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5333 2 250 250 CD 34457 5333 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5333 4 At at IN 34457 5333 5 point point NN 34457 5333 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5333 7 b b NNP 34457 5333 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5333 9 the the DT 34457 5333 10 ratio ratio NN 34457 5333 11 of of IN 34457 5333 12 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 5333 13 to to TO 34457 5333 14 iodine iodine VB 34457 5333 15 in in IN 34457 5333 16 the the DT 34457 5333 17 solution solution NN 34457 5333 18 is be VBZ 34457 5333 19 less less JJR 34457 5333 20 than than IN 34457 5333 21 in in IN 34457 5333 22 the the DT 34457 5333 23 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 5333 24 , , , 34457 5333 25 so so IN 34457 5333 26 that that IN 34457 5333 27 by by IN 34457 5333 28 the the DT 34457 5333 29 separation separation NN 34457 5333 30 of of IN 34457 5333 31 this this DT 34457 5333 32 the the DT 34457 5333 33 excess excess NN 34457 5333 34 of of IN 34457 5333 35 chlorine chlorine NN 34457 5333 36 yielded yield VBN 34457 5333 37 by by IN 34457 5333 38 the the DT 34457 5333 39 condensation condensation NN 34457 5333 40 of of IN 34457 5333 41 the the DT 34457 5333 42 vapour vapour NN 34457 5333 43 is be VBZ 34457 5333 44 removed remove VBN 34457 5333 45 . . . 34457 5334 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5334 2 251 251 CD 34457 5334 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5334 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5334 5 , , , 34457 5334 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5334 7 Rec Rec NNP 34457 5334 8 . . . 34457 5335 1 trav trav NN 34457 5335 2 . . . 34457 5336 1 chim chim NNP 34457 5336 2 . . . 34457 5337 1 Pays Pays NNP 34457 5337 2 - - HYPH 34457 5337 3 Bas Bas NNP 34457 5337 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5337 5 , , , 34457 5337 6 1884 1884 CD 34457 5337 7 , , , 34457 5337 8 3 3 CD 34457 5337 9 . . . 34457 5338 1 29 29 CD 34457 5338 2 ; ; SYM 34457 5338 3 1885 1885 CD 34457 5338 4 , , , 34457 5338 5 4 4 CD 34457 5338 6 . . . 34457 5339 1 65 65 CD 34457 5339 2 ; ; : 34457 5339 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5339 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5339 5 . . . 34457 5340 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5340 2 . . . 34457 5341 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5341 2 . . . 34457 5341 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5341 4 , , , 34457 5341 5 1888 1888 CD 34457 5341 6 , , , 34457 5341 7 2 2 CD 34457 5341 8 . . . 34457 5342 1 450 450 CD 34457 5342 2 . . . 34457 5343 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5343 2 252 252 CD 34457 5343 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5343 4 Two two CD 34457 5343 5 curves curve NNS 34457 5343 6 " " `` 34457 5343 7 enclose enclose VBP 34457 5343 8 " " '' 34457 5343 9 a a DT 34457 5343 10 field field NN 34457 5343 11 when when WRB 34457 5343 12 they -PRON- PRP 34457 5343 13 form form VBP 34457 5343 14 with with IN 34457 5343 15 one one NN 34457 5343 16 another another DT 34457 5343 17 an an DT 34457 5343 18 angle angle NN 34457 5343 19 less less JJR 34457 5343 20 than than IN 34457 5343 21 two two CD 34457 5343 22 right right JJ 34457 5343 23 angles angle NNS 34457 5343 24 . . . 34457 5344 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5344 2 253 253 CD 34457 5344 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5344 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5344 5 , , , 34457 5344 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5344 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5344 8 . . . 34457 5345 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5345 2 . . . 34457 5346 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5346 2 . . . 34457 5346 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5346 4 , , , 34457 5346 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5346 6 loc loc NNP 34457 5346 7 . . . 34457 5347 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5347 2 . . . 34457 5347 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5347 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5347 5 254 254 CD 34457 5347 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5347 7 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5347 8 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5347 9 , , , 34457 5347 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5347 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5347 12 . . . 34457 5348 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5348 2 . . . 34457 5349 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5349 2 . . . 34457 5349 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5349 4 , , , 34457 5349 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 5349 6 , , , 34457 5349 7 5 5 CD 34457 5349 8 . . . 34457 5350 1 323 323 CD 34457 5350 2 . . . 34457 5351 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5351 2 255 255 CD 34457 5351 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5351 4 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5351 5 has have VBZ 34457 5351 6 proposed propose VBN 34457 5351 7 to to TO 34457 5351 8 restrict restrict VB 34457 5351 9 the the DT 34457 5351 10 term term NN 34457 5351 11 " " `` 34457 5351 12 occlusion occlusion NN 34457 5351 13 " " '' 34457 5351 14 to to IN 34457 5351 15 the the DT 34457 5351 16 formation formation NN 34457 5351 17 of of IN 34457 5351 18 solid solid JJ 34457 5351 19 solutions solution NNS 34457 5351 20 , , , 34457 5351 21 and and CC 34457 5351 22 to to TO 34457 5351 23 apply apply VB 34457 5351 24 " " `` 34457 5351 25 adsorption adsorption NN 34457 5351 26 " " '' 34457 5351 27 only only RB 34457 5351 28 to to IN 34457 5351 29 effects effect NNS 34457 5351 30 which which WDT 34457 5351 31 are be VBP 34457 5351 32 primarily primarily RB 34457 5351 33 due due JJ 34457 5351 34 to to IN 34457 5351 35 surface surface NN 34457 5351 36 tension tension NN 34457 5351 37 . . . 34457 5352 1 Such such PDT 34457 5352 2 a a DT 34457 5352 3 distinction distinction NN 34457 5352 4 , , , 34457 5352 5 however however RB 34457 5352 6 , , , 34457 5352 7 would would MD 34457 5352 8 probably probably RB 34457 5352 9 be be VB 34457 5352 10 very very RB 34457 5352 11 difficult difficult JJ 34457 5352 12 to to TO 34457 5352 13 carry carry VB 34457 5352 14 through through RP 34457 5352 15 , , , 34457 5352 16 for for IN 34457 5352 17 although although IN 34457 5352 18 adsorption adsorption NN 34457 5352 19 may may MD 34457 5352 20 , , , 34457 5352 21 in in IN 34457 5352 22 large large JJ 34457 5352 23 measure measure NN 34457 5352 24 , , , 34457 5352 25 be be VB 34457 5352 26 due due JJ 34457 5352 27 to to IN 34457 5352 28 surface surface NN 34457 5352 29 tension tension NN 34457 5352 30 , , , 34457 5352 31 the the DT 34457 5352 32 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 5352 33 of of IN 34457 5352 34 adsorbed adsorbed JJ 34457 5352 35 substances substance NNS 34457 5352 36 is be VBZ 34457 5352 37 similar similar JJ 34457 5352 38 to to IN 34457 5352 39 that that DT 34457 5352 40 of of IN 34457 5352 41 substances substance NNS 34457 5352 42 existing exist VBG 34457 5352 43 in in IN 34457 5352 44 solid solid JJ 34457 5352 45 solutions solution NNS 34457 5352 46 . . . 34457 5353 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5353 2 256 256 CD 34457 5353 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5353 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 5353 5 , , , 34457 5353 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5353 7 Wied Wied NNP 34457 5353 8 . . . 34457 5354 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5354 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5354 3 , , , 34457 5354 4 1897 1897 CD 34457 5354 5 , , , 34457 5354 6 63 63 CD 34457 5354 7 . . . 34457 5355 1 16 16 CD 34457 5355 2 ; ; : 34457 5355 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5355 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5355 5 . . . 34457 5356 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5356 2 . . . 34457 5357 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5357 2 . . . 34457 5357 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5357 4 , , , 34457 5357 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5357 6 , , , 34457 5357 7 27 27 CD 34457 5357 8 . . . 34457 5358 1 323 323 CD 34457 5358 2 . . . 34457 5359 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5359 2 257 257 CD 34457 5359 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5359 4 See see VB 34457 5359 5 , , , 34457 5359 6 for for IN 34457 5359 7 example example NN 34457 5359 8 , , , 34457 5359 9 Chappuis Chappuis NNP 34457 5359 10 , , , 34457 5359 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5359 12 Wied Wied NNP 34457 5359 13 . . . 34457 5360 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5360 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5360 3 , , , 34457 5360 4 1881 1881 CD 34457 5360 5 , , , 34457 5360 6 12 12 CD 34457 5360 7 . . . 34457 5361 1 161 161 CD 34457 5361 2 ; ; : 34457 5361 3 Joulin Joulin NNP 34457 5361 4 , , , 34457 5361 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5361 6 Annal Annal NNP 34457 5361 7 . . . 34457 5362 1 chim chim NNP 34457 5362 2 . . . 34457 5363 1 phys phys NN 34457 5363 2 . . . 34457 5363 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5363 4 , , , 34457 5363 5 1881 1881 CD 34457 5363 6 , , , 34457 5363 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5363 8 5 5 CD 34457 5363 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5363 10 , , , 34457 5363 11 22 22 CD 34457 5363 12 . . . 34457 5364 1 398 398 CD 34457 5364 2 ; ; : 34457 5364 3 Kayser Kayser NNP 34457 5364 4 , , , 34457 5364 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5364 6 Wied Wied NNP 34457 5364 7 . . . 34457 5365 1 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5365 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5365 3 , , , 34457 5365 4 1881 1881 CD 34457 5365 5 , , , 34457 5365 6 12 12 CD 34457 5365 7 . . . 34457 5366 1 526 526 CD 34457 5366 2 . . . 34457 5367 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5367 2 258 258 CD 34457 5367 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5367 4 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 5367 5 , , , 34457 5367 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5367 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5367 8 . . . 34457 5368 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5368 2 . . . 34457 5369 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5369 2 . . . 34457 5369 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5369 4 , , , 34457 5369 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5369 6 , , , 34457 5369 7 17 17 CD 34457 5369 8 . . . 34457 5370 1 1 1 LS 34457 5370 2 . . . 34457 5371 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5371 2 259 259 CD 34457 5371 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5371 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5371 5 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5371 6 chim chim NN 34457 5371 7 . . . 34457 5372 1 phys phys NN 34457 5372 2 . . . 34457 5372 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5372 4 , , , 34457 5372 5 1874 1874 CD 34457 5372 6 , , , 34457 5372 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5372 8 5 5 CD 34457 5372 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5372 10 , , , 34457 5372 11 2 2 CD 34457 5372 12 . . . 34457 5373 1 279 279 CD 34457 5373 2 . . . 34457 5374 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5374 2 260 260 CD 34457 5374 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5374 4 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 5374 5 , , , 34457 5374 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5374 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5374 8 . . . 34457 5375 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5375 2 . . . 34457 5376 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5376 2 . . . 34457 5376 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5376 4 , , , 34457 5376 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5376 6 , , , 34457 5376 7 17 17 CD 34457 5376 8 . . . 34457 5377 1 1 1 LS 34457 5377 2 ; ; : 34457 5377 3 Dewar Dewar NNP 34457 5377 4 , , , 34457 5377 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5377 6 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5377 7 . . . 34457 5378 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 5378 2 . . . 34457 5378 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5378 4 , , , 34457 5378 5 1874 1874 CD 34457 5378 6 , , , 34457 5378 7 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5378 8 4 4 CD 34457 5378 9 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5378 10 , , , 34457 5378 11 47 47 CD 34457 5378 12 , , , 34457 5378 13 324 324 CD 34457 5378 14 , , , 34457 5378 15 342 342 CD 34457 5378 16 ; ; : 34457 5378 17 Mond Mond NNP 34457 5378 18 , , , 34457 5378 19 Ramsay Ramsay NNP 34457 5378 20 and and CC 34457 5378 21 Shields Shields NNP 34457 5378 22 , , , 34457 5378 23 _ _ NNP 34457 5378 24 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5378 25 . . . 34457 5379 1 Royal Royal NNP 34457 5379 2 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5379 3 . . . 34457 5379 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5379 5 , , , 34457 5379 6 1897 1897 CD 34457 5379 7 , , , 34457 5379 8 62 62 CD 34457 5379 9 . . . 34457 5380 1 290 290 CD 34457 5380 2 . . . 34457 5381 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5381 2 261 261 CD 34457 5381 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5381 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5381 5 Loc Loc NNP 34457 5381 6 . . . 34457 5382 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5382 2 . . . 34457 5382 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5382 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5382 5 262 262 CD 34457 5382 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5382 7 It -PRON- PRP 34457 5382 8 is be VBZ 34457 5382 9 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 34457 5382 10 that that IN 34457 5382 11 the the DT 34457 5382 12 form form NN 34457 5382 13 of of IN 34457 5382 14 curve curve NN 34457 5382 15 obtained obtain VBN 34457 5382 16 for for IN 34457 5382 17 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 5382 18 and and CC 34457 5382 19 palladium palladium NN 34457 5382 20 bears bear VBZ 34457 5382 21 a a DT 34457 5382 22 striking striking JJ 34457 5382 23 resemblance resemblance NN 34457 5382 24 to to IN 34457 5382 25 that that DT 34457 5382 26 for for IN 34457 5382 27 the the DT 34457 5382 28 dehydration dehydration NN 34457 5382 29 of of IN 34457 5382 30 colloids colloid NNS 34457 5382 31 containing contain VBG 34457 5382 32 absorbed absorb VBN 34457 5382 33 water water NN 34457 5382 34 , , , 34457 5382 35 _ _ NNP 34457 5382 36 e.g. e.g. RB 34457 5382 37 _ _ NNP 34457 5382 38 silicic silicic NN 34457 5382 39 acid acid NN 34457 5382 40 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5382 41 _ _ NNP 34457 5382 42 vide vide NN 34457 5382 43 _ _ NNP 34457 5382 44 van van NNP 34457 5382 45 Bemmelen Bemmelen NNP 34457 5382 46 , , , 34457 5382 47 _ _ NNP 34457 5382 48 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5382 49 . . . 34457 5383 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 5383 2 . . . 34457 5384 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5384 2 . . . 34457 5384 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5384 4 , , , 34457 5384 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5384 6 - - SYM 34457 5384 7 1900 1900 CD 34457 5384 8 . . . 34457 5385 1 Cf cf NN 34457 5385 2 . . . 34457 5386 1 Zacharias Zacharias NNP 34457 5386 2 , , , 34457 5386 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5386 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5386 5 . . . 34457 5387 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5387 2 . . . 34457 5388 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5388 2 . . . 34457 5388 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5388 4 , , , 34457 5388 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5388 6 , , , 34457 5388 7 39 39 CD 34457 5388 8 . . . 34457 5389 1 480 480 CD 34457 5389 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5389 3 . . . 34457 5390 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5390 2 263 263 CD 34457 5390 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5390 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5390 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5390 6 . . . 34457 5391 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5391 2 . . . 34457 5392 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5392 2 . . . 34457 5392 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5392 4 , , , 34457 5392 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 5392 6 , , , 34457 5392 7 5 5 CD 34457 5392 8 . . . 34457 5393 1 322 322 CD 34457 5393 2 . . . 34457 5394 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5394 2 264 264 CD 34457 5394 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5394 4 Küster kã¼ster NN 34457 5394 5 , , , 34457 5394 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5394 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5394 8 . . . 34457 5395 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5395 2 . . . 34457 5396 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5396 2 . . . 34457 5396 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5396 4 , , , 34457 5396 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5396 6 , , , 34457 5396 7 17 17 CD 34457 5396 8 . . . 34457 5397 1 367 367 CD 34457 5397 2 . . . 34457 5398 1 Bodländer Bodländer NNP 34457 5398 2 , , , 34457 5398 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5398 4 Neues Neues NNP 34457 5398 5 Jahrbuch Jahrbuch NNP 34457 5398 6 f. f. NN 34457 5398 7 Mineralogie Mineralogie NNP 34457 5398 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5398 9 , , , 34457 5398 10 1898 1898 CD 34457 5398 11 - - SYM 34457 5398 12 99 99 CD 34457 5398 13 , , , 34457 5398 14 Beilage Beilage NNP 34457 5398 15 Band Band NNP 34457 5398 16 , , , 34457 5398 17 12 12 CD 34457 5398 18 . . . 34457 5399 1 92 92 CD 34457 5399 2 . . . 34457 5400 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5400 2 265 265 CD 34457 5400 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5400 4 Bruni Bruni NNP 34457 5400 5 and and CC 34457 5400 6 Padoa Padoa NNP 34457 5400 7 , , , 34457 5400 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5400 9 Atti Atti NNP 34457 5400 10 Accad Accad NNP 34457 5400 11 . . . 34457 5401 1 Lincei Lincei NNP 34457 5401 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5401 3 , , , 34457 5401 4 1902 1902 CD 34457 5401 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5401 6 5 5 CD 34457 5401 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5401 8 , , , 34457 5401 9 11 11 CD 34457 5401 10 . . . 34457 5402 1 1 1 CD 34457 5402 2 ; ; : 34457 5402 3 565 565 CD 34457 5402 4 . . . 34457 5403 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5403 2 266 266 CD 34457 5403 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5403 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5403 5 , , , 34457 5403 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5403 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5403 8 . . . 34457 5404 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5404 2 . . . 34457 5405 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5405 2 . . . 34457 5405 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5405 4 , , , 34457 5405 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5405 6 , , , 34457 5405 7 30 30 CD 34457 5405 8 . . . 34457 5406 1 385 385 LS 34457 5406 2 ; ; : 34457 5406 3 Bruni Bruni NNP 34457 5406 4 , , , 34457 5406 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5406 6 Rend Rend NNP 34457 5406 7 . . . 34457 5407 1 Accad Accad NNS 34457 5407 2 . . . 34457 5408 1 Lincei Lincei NNP 34457 5408 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5408 3 , , , 34457 5408 4 1898 1898 CD 34457 5408 5 , , , 34457 5408 6 2 2 CD 34457 5408 7 . . . 34457 5409 1 138 138 CD 34457 5409 2 , , , 34457 5409 3 347 347 CD 34457 5409 4 . . . 34457 5410 1 For for IN 34457 5410 2 a a DT 34457 5410 3 general general JJ 34457 5410 4 account account NN 34457 5410 5 of of IN 34457 5410 6 " " `` 34457 5410 7 solid solid JJ 34457 5410 8 solutions solution NNS 34457 5410 9 " " '' 34457 5410 10 the the DT 34457 5410 11 reader reader NN 34457 5410 12 is be VBZ 34457 5410 13 referred refer VBN 34457 5410 14 to to IN 34457 5410 15 Bruni Bruni NNP 34457 5410 16 , , , 34457 5410 17 " " '' 34457 5410 18 _ _ NNP 34457 5410 19 Ueber Ueber NNP 34457 5410 20 feste feste NN 34457 5410 21 Lösungen Lösungen NNP 34457 5410 22 _ _ NNP 34457 5410 23 " " '' 34457 5410 24 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5410 25 Ahrens'sche Ahrens'sche NNP 34457 5410 26 Sammlung Sammlung NNP 34457 5410 27 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5410 28 , , , 34457 5410 29 and and CC 34457 5410 30 to to IN 34457 5410 31 Bodländer Bodländer NNP 34457 5410 32 , , , 34457 5410 33 _ _ NNP 34457 5410 34 loc loc NN 34457 5410 35 . . . 34457 5411 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5411 2 . . . 34457 5411 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5411 4 For for IN 34457 5411 5 the the DT 34457 5411 6 formation formation NN 34457 5411 7 and and CC 34457 5411 8 transformation transformation NN 34457 5411 9 of of IN 34457 5411 10 liquid liquid JJ 34457 5411 11 mixed mix VBN 34457 5411 12 crystals crystal NNS 34457 5411 13 , , , 34457 5411 14 see see VB 34457 5411 15 A. A. NNP 34457 5411 16 C. C. NNP 34457 5411 17 de de NNP 34457 5411 18 Kock Kock NNP 34457 5411 19 , , , 34457 5411 20 _ _ NNP 34457 5411 21 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5411 22 . . . 34457 5412 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5412 2 . . . 34457 5413 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5413 2 . . . 34457 5413 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5413 4 , , , 34457 5413 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5413 6 , , , 34457 5413 7 48 48 CD 34457 5413 8 . . . 34457 5414 1 129 129 CD 34457 5414 2 . . . 34457 5415 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5415 2 267 267 CD 34457 5415 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5415 4 In in IN 34457 5415 5 discussing discuss VBG 34457 5415 6 the the DT 34457 5415 7 various various JJ 34457 5415 8 systems system NNS 34457 5415 9 which which WDT 34457 5415 10 may may MD 34457 5415 11 be be VB 34457 5415 12 obtained obtain VBN 34457 5415 13 here here RB 34457 5415 14 , , , 34457 5415 15 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5415 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5415 17 _ _ NNP 34457 5415 18 loc loc NN 34457 5415 19 . . . 34457 5416 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5416 2 . . . 34457 5416 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5416 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5416 5 made make VBD 34457 5416 6 use use NN 34457 5416 7 of of IN 34457 5416 8 the the DT 34457 5416 9 variation variation NN 34457 5416 10 of of IN 34457 5416 11 the the DT 34457 5416 12 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ 34457 5416 13 potential potential NN 34457 5416 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5416 15 p. p. NN 34457 5416 16 29 29 CD 34457 5416 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5416 18 with with IN 34457 5416 19 the the DT 34457 5416 20 concentration concentration NN 34457 5416 21 . . . 34457 5417 1 In in IN 34457 5417 2 spite spite NN 34457 5417 3 of of IN 34457 5417 4 the the DT 34457 5417 5 advantages advantage NNS 34457 5417 6 which which WDT 34457 5417 7 such such PDT 34457 5417 8 a a DT 34457 5417 9 treatment treatment NN 34457 5417 10 affords afford NNS 34457 5417 11 , , , 34457 5417 12 the the DT 34457 5417 13 temperature temperature NN 34457 5417 14 - - HYPH 34457 5417 15 concentration concentration NN 34457 5417 16 diagram diagram NN 34457 5417 17 has have VBZ 34457 5417 18 been be VBN 34457 5417 19 adopted adopt VBN 34457 5417 20 as as IN 34457 5417 21 being be VBG 34457 5417 22 more more RBR 34457 5417 23 readily readily RB 34457 5417 24 understood understand VBN 34457 5417 25 and and CC 34457 5417 26 as as IN 34457 5417 27 more more RBR 34457 5417 28 suitable suitable JJ 34457 5417 29 for for IN 34457 5417 30 an an DT 34457 5417 31 elementary elementary JJ 34457 5417 32 discussion discussion NN 34457 5417 33 of of IN 34457 5417 34 the the DT 34457 5417 35 subject subject NN 34457 5417 36 . . . 34457 5418 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5418 2 268 268 CD 34457 5418 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5418 4 These these DT 34457 5418 5 curves curve NNS 34457 5418 6 are be VBP 34457 5418 7 also also RB 34457 5418 8 called call VBN 34457 5418 9 the the DT 34457 5418 10 " " `` 34457 5418 11 liquidus liquidus NN 34457 5418 12 " " '' 34457 5418 13 and and CC 34457 5418 14 the the DT 34457 5418 15 " " `` 34457 5418 16 solidus solidus JJ 34457 5418 17 " " '' 34457 5418 18 curve curve NN 34457 5418 19 respectively respectively RB 34457 5418 20 . . . 34457 5419 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5419 2 269 269 CD 34457 5419 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5419 4 Küster kã¼ster NN 34457 5419 5 , , , 34457 5419 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5419 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5419 8 . . . 34457 5420 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5420 2 . . . 34457 5421 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5421 2 . . . 34457 5421 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5421 4 , , , 34457 5421 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5421 6 , , , 34457 5421 7 17 17 CD 34457 5421 8 . . . 34457 5422 1 360 360 CD 34457 5422 2 . . . 34457 5423 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5423 2 270 270 CD 34457 5423 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5423 4 Küster Küster NNP 34457 5423 5 , , , 34457 5423 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5423 7 ibid ibid NN 34457 5423 8 . . . 34457 5423 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5423 10 , , , 34457 5423 11 1891 1891 CD 34457 5423 12 , , , 34457 5423 13 8 8 CD 34457 5423 14 . . . 34457 5424 1 589 589 CD 34457 5424 2 . . . 34457 5425 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5425 2 271 271 CD 34457 5425 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5425 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 5425 5 should should MD 34457 5425 6 be be VB 34457 5425 7 remarked remark VBN 34457 5425 8 that that IN 34457 5425 9 the the DT 34457 5425 10 behaviour behaviour NN 34457 5425 11 described describe VBN 34457 5425 12 here here RB 34457 5425 13 will will MD 34457 5425 14 hold hold VB 34457 5425 15 strictly strictly RB 34457 5425 16 only only RB 34457 5425 17 when when WRB 34457 5425 18 the the DT 34457 5425 19 solid solid JJ 34457 5425 20 mixed mixed JJ 34457 5425 21 crystals crystal NNS 34457 5425 22 undergo undergo VBP 34457 5425 23 change change NN 34457 5425 24 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34457 5425 25 rapidly rapidly RB 34457 5425 26 to to TO 34457 5425 27 be be VB 34457 5425 28 always always RB 34457 5425 29 in in IN 34457 5425 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 5425 31 with with IN 34457 5425 32 the the DT 34457 5425 33 liquid liquid NN 34457 5425 34 . . . 34457 5426 1 This this DT 34457 5426 2 , , , 34457 5426 3 however however RB 34457 5426 4 , , , 34457 5426 5 is be VBZ 34457 5426 6 not not RB 34457 5426 7 always always RB 34457 5426 8 the the DT 34457 5426 9 case case NN 34457 5426 10 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5426 11 see see VB 34457 5426 12 Reinders Reinders NNPS 34457 5426 13 , , , 34457 5426 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5426 15 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5426 16 . . . 34457 5427 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5427 2 . . . 34457 5428 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5428 2 . . . 34457 5428 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5428 4 , , , 34457 5428 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5428 6 , , , 34457 5428 7 32 32 CD 34457 5428 8 . . . 34457 5429 1 494 494 CD 34457 5429 2 ; ; : 34457 5429 3 van van NNP 34457 5429 4 Wyk Wyk NNP 34457 5429 5 , , , 34457 5429 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5429 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5429 8 . . . 34457 5430 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 5430 2 . . . 34457 5431 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5431 2 . . . 34457 5431 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5431 4 , , , 34457 5431 5 1905 1905 CD 34457 5431 6 , , , 34457 5431 7 48 48 CD 34457 5431 8 . . . 34457 5432 1 25 25 CD 34457 5432 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5432 3 , , , 34457 5432 4 and and CC 34457 5432 5 complete complete JJ 34457 5432 6 solidification solidification NN 34457 5432 7 will will MD 34457 5432 8 not not RB 34457 5432 9 in in IN 34457 5432 10 this this DT 34457 5432 11 case case NN 34457 5432 12 take take VB 34457 5432 13 place place NN 34457 5432 14 at at IN 34457 5432 15 the the DT 34457 5432 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 5432 17 corresponding correspond VBG 34457 5432 18 with with IN 34457 5432 19 the the DT 34457 5432 20 line line NN 34457 5432 21 _ _ NNP 34457 5432 22 dc dc NNP 34457 5432 23 _ _ NNP 34457 5432 24 in in IN 34457 5432 25 Fig Fig NNP 34457 5432 26 . . . 34457 5433 1 50 50 CD 34457 5433 2 , , , 34457 5433 3 but but CC 34457 5433 4 only only RB 34457 5433 5 at at IN 34457 5433 6 a a DT 34457 5433 7 lower low JJR 34457 5433 8 temperature temperature NN 34457 5433 9 . . . 34457 5434 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5434 2 272 272 CD 34457 5434 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5434 4 Adriani Adriani NNP 34457 5434 5 , , , 34457 5434 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5434 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5434 8 . . . 34457 5435 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5435 2 . . . 34457 5436 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5436 2 . . . 34457 5436 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5436 4 , , , 34457 5436 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5436 6 , , , 34457 5436 7 33 33 CD 34457 5436 8 . . . 34457 5437 1 469 469 CD 34457 5437 2 . . . 34457 5438 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5438 2 273 273 CD 34457 5438 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5438 4 Reinders Reinders NNPS 34457 5438 5 , , , 34457 5438 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5438 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5438 8 . . . 34457 5439 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5439 2 . . . 34457 5440 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5440 2 . . . 34457 5440 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5440 4 , , , 34457 5440 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5440 6 , , , 34457 5440 7 32 32 CD 34457 5440 8 . . . 34457 5441 1 494 494 CD 34457 5441 2 . . . 34457 5442 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5442 2 274 274 CD 34457 5442 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5442 4 Hissink Hissink NNP 34457 5442 5 , , , 34457 5442 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5442 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5442 8 . . . 34457 5443 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5443 2 . . . 34457 5444 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5444 2 . . . 34457 5444 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5444 4 , , , 34457 5444 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5444 6 , , , 34457 5444 7 32 32 CD 34457 5444 8 . . . 34457 5445 1 542 542 CD 34457 5445 2 . . . 34457 5446 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5446 2 275 275 CD 34457 5446 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5446 4 Van Van NNP 34457 5446 5 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 5446 6 , , , 34457 5446 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5446 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5446 9 . . . 34457 5447 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5447 2 . . . 34457 5448 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5448 2 . . . 34457 5448 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5448 4 , , , 34457 5448 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5448 6 , , , 34457 5448 7 30 30 CD 34457 5448 8 . . . 34457 5449 1 430 430 CD 34457 5449 2 . . . 34457 5450 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5450 2 276 276 CD 34457 5450 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5450 4 Cady Cady NNP 34457 5450 5 , , , 34457 5450 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5450 7 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5450 8 . . . 34457 5451 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5451 2 . . . 34457 5452 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5452 2 . . . 34457 5452 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5452 4 , , , 34457 5452 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5452 6 , , , 34457 5452 7 3 3 CD 34457 5452 8 . . . 34457 5453 1 127 127 CD 34457 5453 2 . . . 34457 5454 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5454 2 277 277 CD 34457 5454 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5454 4 See See NNP 34457 5454 5 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 5454 6 - - HYPH 34457 5454 7 Austen Austen NNP 34457 5454 8 and and CC 34457 5454 9 Stansfield Stansfield NNP 34457 5454 10 , , , 34457 5454 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5454 12 Rapports Rapports NNP 34457 5454 13 du du NNP 34457 5454 14 congrès congrès NNP 34457 5454 15 international international NNP 34457 5454 16 de de FW 34457 5454 17 physique physique NNP 34457 5454 18 _ _ NNP 34457 5454 19 , , , 34457 5454 20 1900 1900 CD 34457 5454 21 , , , 34457 5454 22 I. i. NN 34457 5455 1 363 363 CD 34457 5455 2 . . . 34457 5456 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5456 2 278 278 CD 34457 5456 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5456 4 Heycock Heycock NNP 34457 5456 5 and and CC 34457 5456 6 Neville Neville NNP 34457 5456 7 , , , 34457 5456 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5456 9 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5456 10 . . . 34457 5457 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5457 2 . . . 34457 5458 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5458 2 . . . 34457 5458 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5458 4 , , , 34457 5458 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5458 6 , , , 34457 5458 7 71 71 CD 34457 5458 8 . . . 34457 5459 1 409 409 CD 34457 5459 2 . . . 34457 5460 1 For for IN 34457 5460 2 the the DT 34457 5460 3 partial partial JJ 34457 5460 4 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 5460 5 of of IN 34457 5460 6 mixed mixed JJ 34457 5460 7 crystals crystal NNS 34457 5460 8 on on IN 34457 5460 9 cooling cooling NN 34457 5460 10 , , , 34457 5460 11 see see VB 34457 5460 12 also also RB 34457 5460 13 A. A. NNP 34457 5460 14 C. C. NNP 34457 5460 15 de de NNP 34457 5460 16 Kock Kock NNP 34457 5460 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5460 18 _ _ NNP 34457 5460 19 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5460 20 . . . 34457 5461 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5461 2 . . . 34457 5462 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5462 2 . . . 34457 5462 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5462 4 , , , 34457 5462 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5462 6 , , , 34457 5462 7 48 48 CD 34457 5462 8 . . . 34457 5463 1 129 129 CD 34457 5463 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5463 3 . . . 34457 5464 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5464 2 279 279 CD 34457 5464 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5464 4 Armstrong Armstrong NNP 34457 5464 5 , , , 34457 5464 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5464 7 Watt Watt NNP 34457 5464 8 's 's POS 34457 5464 9 Dictionary Dictionary NNP 34457 5464 10 of of IN 34457 5464 11 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 34457 5464 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5464 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5464 14 Morley Morley NNP 34457 5464 15 and and CC 34457 5464 16 Muir Muir NNP 34457 5464 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5464 18 , , , 34457 5464 19 III III NNP 34457 5464 20 . . NNP 34457 5464 21 , , , 34457 5464 22 p. p. NN 34457 5464 23 88 88 CD 34457 5464 24 . . . 34457 5465 1 See see VB 34457 5465 2 also also RB 34457 5465 3 Lowry Lowry NNP 34457 5465 4 , , , 34457 5465 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5465 6 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5465 7 . . . 34457 5466 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5466 2 . . . 34457 5467 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5467 2 . . . 34457 5467 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5467 4 , , , 34457 5467 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5467 6 , , , 34457 5467 7 75 75 CD 34457 5467 8 . . . 34457 5468 1 211 211 CD 34457 5468 2 . . . 34457 5469 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5469 2 280 280 CD 34457 5469 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5469 4 See See NNP 34457 5469 5 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5469 6 , , , 34457 5469 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5469 8 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5469 9 . . . 34457 5470 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5470 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5470 3 . . . 34457 5470 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5470 5 , , , 34457 5470 6 1898 1898 CD 34457 5470 7 , , , 34457 5470 8 2 2 CD 34457 5470 9 . . . 34457 5471 1 143 143 LS 34457 5471 2 ; ; : 34457 5471 3 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5471 4 , , , 34457 5471 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5471 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5471 7 . . . 34457 5472 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5472 2 . . . 34457 5473 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5473 2 . . . 34457 5473 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5473 4 , , , 34457 5473 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5473 6 , , , 34457 5473 7 28 28 CD 34457 5473 8 . . . 34457 5474 1 288 288 CD 34457 5474 2 . . . 34457 5475 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5475 2 281 281 CD 34457 5475 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5475 4 Hylotropic hylotropic JJ 34457 5475 5 substances substance NNS 34457 5475 6 are be VBP 34457 5475 7 such such JJ 34457 5475 8 as as IN 34457 5475 9 can can MD 34457 5475 10 undergo undergo VB 34457 5475 11 transformation transformation NN 34457 5475 12 into into IN 34457 5475 13 other other JJ 34457 5475 14 substances substance NNS 34457 5475 15 of of IN 34457 5475 16 the the DT 34457 5475 17 same same JJ 34457 5475 18 composition composition NN 34457 5475 19 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5475 20 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5475 21 , , , 34457 5475 22 _ _ NNP 34457 5475 23 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5475 24 _ _ NNP 34457 5475 25 , , , 34457 5475 26 II II NNP 34457 5475 27 . . . 34457 5476 1 2 2 LS 34457 5476 2 . . . 34457 5477 1 298 298 CD 34457 5477 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5477 3 . . . 34457 5478 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5478 2 282 282 CD 34457 5478 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5478 4 Also also RB 34457 5478 5 called call VBN 34457 5478 6 Equilibrium Equilibrium NNP 34457 5478 7 Point Point NNP 34457 5478 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5478 9 Lowry Lowry NNP 34457 5478 10 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5478 11 . . . 34457 5479 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5479 2 283 283 CD 34457 5479 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5479 4 For for IN 34457 5479 5 a a DT 34457 5479 6 discussion discussion NN 34457 5479 7 of of IN 34457 5479 8 these these DT 34457 5479 9 systems system NNS 34457 5479 10 , , , 34457 5479 11 see see VB 34457 5479 12 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5479 13 , , , 34457 5479 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5479 15 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5479 16 . . . 34457 5480 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5480 2 . . . 34457 5481 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5481 2 . . . 34457 5481 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5481 4 , , , 34457 5481 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5481 6 loc loc NNP 34457 5481 7 . . . 34457 5482 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5482 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5482 3 . . . 34457 5483 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5483 2 284 284 CD 34457 5483 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5483 4 See See NNP 34457 5483 5 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5483 6 , , , 34457 5483 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5483 8 loc loc NN 34457 5483 9 . . . 34457 5484 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5484 2 . . . 34457 5484 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5484 4 , , , 34457 5484 5 p. p. NN 34457 5484 6 147 147 CD 34457 5484 7 ; ; : 34457 5484 8 Wegscheider Wegscheider NNP 34457 5484 9 , , , 34457 5484 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5484 11 Sitzungsber Sitzungsber NNP 34457 5484 12 . . . 34457 5485 1 Wiener Wiener NNP 34457 5485 2 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5485 3 . . . 34457 5485 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5485 5 , , , 34457 5485 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 5485 7 , , , 34457 5485 8 110 110 CD 34457 5485 9 . . . 34457 5486 1 908 908 CD 34457 5486 2 . . . 34457 5487 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5487 2 285 285 CD 34457 5487 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5487 4 Reference reference NN 34457 5487 5 may may MD 34457 5487 6 be be VB 34457 5487 7 made make VBN 34457 5487 8 here here RB 34457 5487 9 to to IN 34457 5487 10 the the DT 34457 5487 11 term term NN 34457 5487 12 " " `` 34457 5487 13 stability stability NN 34457 5487 14 limit limit NN 34457 5487 15 , , , 34457 5487 16 " " '' 34457 5487 17 introduced introduce VBN 34457 5487 18 by by IN 34457 5487 19 Knorr Knorr NNP 34457 5487 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5487 21 _ _ NNP 34457 5487 22 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5487 23 _ _ NNP 34457 5487 24 , , , 34457 5487 25 1896 1896 CD 34457 5487 26 , , , 34457 5487 27 293 293 CD 34457 5487 28 . . . 34457 5488 1 88 88 LS 34457 5488 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5488 3 to to TO 34457 5488 4 indicate indicate VB 34457 5488 5 that that IN 34457 5488 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 5488 7 above above IN 34457 5488 8 which which WDT 34457 5488 9 liquefaction liquefaction NN 34457 5488 10 and and CC 34457 5488 11 isomeric isomeric NN 34457 5488 12 change change NN 34457 5488 13 takes take VBZ 34457 5488 14 place place NN 34457 5488 15 . . . 34457 5489 1 As as IN 34457 5489 2 employed employ VBN 34457 5489 3 by by IN 34457 5489 4 Knorr Knorr NNP 34457 5489 5 and and CC 34457 5489 6 others other NNS 34457 5489 7 , , , 34457 5489 8 the the DT 34457 5489 9 term term NN 34457 5489 10 does do VBZ 34457 5489 11 not not RB 34457 5489 12 appear appear VB 34457 5489 13 to to TO 34457 5489 14 have have VB 34457 5489 15 a a DT 34457 5489 16 very very RB 34457 5489 17 precise precise JJ 34457 5489 18 meaning meaning NN 34457 5489 19 , , , 34457 5489 20 since since IN 34457 5489 21 it -PRON- PRP 34457 5489 22 is be VBZ 34457 5489 23 used use VBN 34457 5489 24 to to TO 34457 5489 25 denote denote VB 34457 5489 26 , , , 34457 5489 27 not not RB 34457 5489 28 the the DT 34457 5489 29 temperature temperature NN 34457 5489 30 at at IN 34457 5489 31 which which WDT 34457 5489 32 these these DT 34457 5489 33 changes change NNS 34457 5489 34 can can MD 34457 5489 35 occur occur VB 34457 5489 36 , , , 34457 5489 37 but but CC 34457 5489 38 the the DT 34457 5489 39 temperature temperature NN 34457 5489 40 at at IN 34457 5489 41 which which WDT 34457 5489 42 the the DT 34457 5489 43 change change NN 34457 5489 44 is be VBZ 34457 5489 45 rapid rapid JJ 34457 5489 46 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5489 47 vide vide NN 34457 5489 48 _ _ NNP 34457 5489 49 Annalen Annalen NNP 34457 5489 50 _ _ NNP 34457 5489 51 , , , 34457 5489 52 1896 1896 CD 34457 5489 53 , , , 34457 5489 54 293 293 CD 34457 5489 55 . . . 34457 5490 1 91 91 CD 34457 5490 2 ; ; : 34457 5490 3 1899 1899 CD 34457 5490 4 , , , 34457 5490 5 306 306 CD 34457 5490 6 . . . 34457 5491 1 334 334 CD 34457 5491 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5491 3 ; ; : 34457 5491 4 and and CC 34457 5491 5 the the DT 34457 5491 6 introduction introduction NN 34457 5491 7 of of IN 34457 5491 8 an an DT 34457 5491 9 indefinite indefinite JJ 34457 5491 10 velocity velocity NN 34457 5491 11 of of IN 34457 5491 12 change change NN 34457 5491 13 renders render VBZ 34457 5491 14 the the DT 34457 5491 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 5491 16 of of IN 34457 5491 17 the the DT 34457 5491 18 stability stability NN 34457 5491 19 limit limit NN 34457 5491 20 also also RB 34457 5491 21 somewhat somewhat RB 34457 5491 22 indefinite indefinite JJ 34457 5491 23 . . . 34457 5492 1 The the DT 34457 5492 2 definiteness definiteness NN 34457 5492 3 of of IN 34457 5492 4 the the DT 34457 5492 5 term term NN 34457 5492 6 is be VBZ 34457 5492 7 also also RB 34457 5492 8 not not RB 34457 5492 9 a a DT 34457 5492 10 little little JJ 34457 5492 11 diminished diminish VBN 34457 5492 12 by by IN 34457 5492 13 the the DT 34457 5492 14 fact fact NN 34457 5492 15 that that IN 34457 5492 16 the the DT 34457 5492 17 " " `` 34457 5492 18 limit limit NN 34457 5492 19 " " '' 34457 5492 20 can can MD 34457 5492 21 be be VB 34457 5492 22 altered alter VBN 34457 5492 23 by by IN 34457 5492 24 means mean NNS 34457 5492 25 of of IN 34457 5492 26 catalytic catalytic JJ 34457 5492 27 agents agent NNS 34457 5492 28 . . . 34457 5493 1 Since since IN 34457 5493 2 , , , 34457 5493 3 as as IN 34457 5493 4 we -PRON- PRP 34457 5493 5 have have VBP 34457 5493 6 seen see VBN 34457 5493 7 , , , 34457 5493 8 the the DT 34457 5493 9 stable stable JJ 34457 5493 10 modification modification NN 34457 5493 11 can can MD 34457 5493 12 always always RB 34457 5493 13 undergo undergo VB 34457 5493 14 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 5493 15 change change NN 34457 5493 16 and and CC 34457 5493 17 liquefy liquefy VB 34457 5493 18 at at IN 34457 5493 19 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 5493 20 above above IN 34457 5493 21 the the DT 34457 5493 22 natural natural JJ 34457 5493 23 freezing freezing NN 34457 5493 24 point point NN 34457 5493 25 , , , 34457 5493 26 but but CC 34457 5493 27 not not RB 34457 5493 28 below below IN 34457 5493 29 that that DT 34457 5493 30 point point NN 34457 5493 31 ; ; : 34457 5493 32 and and CC 34457 5493 33 , , , 34457 5493 34 further far RBR 34457 5493 35 , , , 34457 5493 36 the the DT 34457 5493 37 less less RBR 34457 5493 38 stable stable JJ 34457 5493 39 modification modification NN 34457 5493 40 can can MD 34457 5493 41 undergo undergo VB 34457 5493 42 isomeric isomeric JJ 34457 5493 43 transformation transformation NN 34457 5493 44 and and CC 34457 5493 45 liquefy liquefy VB 34457 5493 46 at at IN 34457 5493 47 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 5493 48 above above IN 34457 5493 49 the the DT 34457 5493 50 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 5493 51 point point NN 34457 5493 52 , , , 34457 5493 53 but but CC 34457 5493 54 will will MD 34457 5493 55 not not RB 34457 5493 56 liquefy liquefy VB 34457 5493 57 at at IN 34457 5493 58 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 5493 59 below below IN 34457 5493 60 that that DT 34457 5493 61 ; ; : 34457 5493 62 it -PRON- PRP 34457 5493 63 seems seem VBZ 34457 5493 64 to to IN 34457 5493 65 the the DT 34457 5493 66 author author NN 34457 5493 67 that that IN 34457 5493 68 it -PRON- PRP 34457 5493 69 would would MD 34457 5493 70 be be VB 34457 5493 71 more more RBR 34457 5493 72 precise precise JJ 34457 5493 73 to to TO 34457 5493 74 identify identify VB 34457 5493 75 these these DT 34457 5493 76 two two CD 34457 5493 77 points point NNS 34457 5493 78 -- -- : 34457 5493 79 the the DT 34457 5493 80 natural natural JJ 34457 5493 81 freezing freezing NN 34457 5493 82 point point NN 34457 5493 83 and and CC 34457 5493 84 the the DT 34457 5493 85 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 5493 86 point point NN 34457 5493 87 -- -- : 34457 5493 88 which which WDT 34457 5493 89 are be VBP 34457 5493 90 not not RB 34457 5493 91 altered alter VBN 34457 5493 92 by by IN 34457 5493 93 catalytic catalytic JJ 34457 5493 94 agents agent NNS 34457 5493 95 , , , 34457 5493 96 with with IN 34457 5493 97 the the DT 34457 5493 98 " " `` 34457 5493 99 stability stability NN 34457 5493 100 limits limit NNS 34457 5493 101 " " '' 34457 5493 102 of of IN 34457 5493 103 the the DT 34457 5493 104 stable stable JJ 34457 5493 105 and and CC 34457 5493 106 unstable unstable JJ 34457 5493 107 modification modification NN 34457 5493 108 respectively respectively RB 34457 5493 109 . . . 34457 5494 1 A a DT 34457 5494 2 perfectly perfectly RB 34457 5494 3 definite definite JJ 34457 5494 4 meaning meaning NN 34457 5494 5 would would MD 34457 5494 6 thereby thereby RB 34457 5494 7 be be VB 34457 5494 8 given give VBN 34457 5494 9 to to IN 34457 5494 10 the the DT 34457 5494 11 term term NN 34457 5494 12 . . . 34457 5495 1 In in IN 34457 5495 2 the the DT 34457 5495 3 case case NN 34457 5495 4 of of IN 34457 5495 5 those those DT 34457 5495 6 substances substance NNS 34457 5495 7 which which WDT 34457 5495 8 do do VBP 34457 5495 9 not not RB 34457 5495 10 undergo undergo VB 34457 5495 11 appreciable appreciable JJ 34457 5495 12 isomeric isomeric NN 34457 5495 13 change change NN 34457 5495 14 at at IN 34457 5495 15 the the DT 34457 5495 16 temperature temperature NN 34457 5495 17 of of IN 34457 5495 18 the the DT 34457 5495 19 melting melting NN 34457 5495 20 point point NN 34457 5495 21 , , , 34457 5495 22 the the DT 34457 5495 23 stability stability NN 34457 5495 24 limits limit NNS 34457 5495 25 would would MD 34457 5495 26 be be VB 34457 5495 27 the the DT 34457 5495 28 points point NNS 34457 5495 29 G G NNP 34457 5495 30 and and CC 34457 5495 31 H H NNP 34457 5495 32 , , , 34457 5495 33 Fig Fig NNP 34457 5495 34 . . . 34457 5496 1 60 60 CD 34457 5496 2 . . . 34457 5497 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5497 2 286 286 CD 34457 5497 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5497 4 Cameron Cameron NNP 34457 5497 5 , , , 34457 5497 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5497 7 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5497 8 . . . 34457 5498 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5498 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5498 3 . . . 34457 5498 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5498 5 , , , 34457 5498 6 1898 1898 CD 34457 5498 7 , , , 34457 5498 8 2 2 CD 34457 5498 9 . . . 34457 5499 1 409 409 CD 34457 5499 2 . . . 34457 5500 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5500 2 287 287 CD 34457 5500 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5500 4 Carveth Carveth NNP 34457 5500 5 , , , 34457 5500 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5500 7 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5500 8 . . . 34457 5501 1 Phys phys NN 34457 5501 2 . . . 34457 5502 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5502 2 . . . 34457 5502 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5502 4 , , , 34457 5502 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5502 6 , , , 34457 5502 7 2 2 CD 34457 5502 8 . . . 34457 5503 1 159 159 CD 34457 5503 2 . . . 34457 5504 1 See see VB 34457 5504 2 also also RB 34457 5504 3 Dutoit Dutoit NNP 34457 5504 4 and and CC 34457 5504 5 Fath Fath NNP 34457 5504 6 , , , 34457 5504 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5504 8 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5504 9 . . . 34457 5505 1 chim chim NNP 34457 5505 2 . . . 34457 5506 1 phys phys NNP 34457 5506 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5506 3 . . NNP 34457 5506 4 , , , 34457 5506 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5506 6 , , , 34457 5506 7 1 1 CD 34457 5506 8 . . . 34457 5507 1 358 358 CD 34457 5507 2 ; ; : 34457 5507 3 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 5507 4 , , , 34457 5507 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5507 6 Trans Trans NNP 34457 5507 7 . . . 34457 5508 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5508 2 . . . 34457 5509 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5509 2 . . . 34457 5509 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5509 4 , , , 34457 5509 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5509 6 , , , 34457 5509 7 85 85 CD 34457 5509 8 . . . 34457 5510 1 403 403 CD 34457 5510 2 . . . 34457 5511 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5511 2 288 288 CD 34457 5511 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5511 4 Hollmann Hollmann NNP 34457 5511 5 , , , 34457 5511 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5511 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5511 8 . . . 34457 5512 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5512 2 . . . 34457 5513 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5513 2 . . . 34457 5513 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5513 4 , , , 34457 5513 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5513 6 , , , 34457 5513 7 43 43 CD 34457 5513 8 . . . 34457 5514 1 129 129 CD 34457 5514 2 . . . 34457 5515 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5515 2 289 289 CD 34457 5515 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5515 4 For for IN 34457 5515 5 other other JJ 34457 5515 6 examples example NNS 34457 5515 7 of of IN 34457 5515 8 the the DT 34457 5515 9 application application NN 34457 5515 10 of of IN 34457 5515 11 the the DT 34457 5515 12 Phase Phase NNP 34457 5515 13 Rule Rule NNP 34457 5515 14 to to TO 34457 5515 15 isomeric isomeric VB 34457 5515 16 substances substance NNS 34457 5515 17 , , , 34457 5515 18 see see VB 34457 5515 19 _ _ NNP 34457 5515 20 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5515 21 . . . 34457 5516 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5516 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5516 3 . . . 34457 5516 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5516 5 , , , 34457 5516 6 vols vol NNS 34457 5516 7 . . . 34457 5517 1 2 2 LS 34457 5517 2 . . . 34457 5518 1 _ _ NNP 34457 5518 2 et et NNP 34457 5518 3 seq seq NN 34457 5518 4 . . . 34457 5518 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5518 6 ; ; : 34457 5518 7 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 5518 8 , , , 34457 5518 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5518 10 Trans Trans NNP 34457 5518 11 . . . 34457 5519 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5519 2 . . . 34457 5520 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5520 2 . . . 34457 5520 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5520 4 , , , 34457 5520 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5520 6 , , , 34457 5520 7 85 85 CD 34457 5520 8 . . . 34457 5521 1 403 403 CD 34457 5521 2 . . . 34457 5522 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5522 2 290 290 CD 34457 5522 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5522 4 See See NNP 34457 5522 5 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5522 6 , , , 34457 5522 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5522 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5522 9 . . . 34457 5523 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5523 2 . . . 34457 5524 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5524 2 . . . 34457 5524 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5524 4 , , , 34457 5524 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5524 6 , , , 34457 5524 7 30 30 CD 34457 5524 8 . . . 34457 5525 1 410 410 CD 34457 5525 2 . . . 34457 5526 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5526 2 291 291 CD 34457 5526 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5526 4 See see VB 34457 5526 5 also also RB 34457 5526 6 Saposchnikoff Saposchnikoff NNP 34457 5526 7 , , , 34457 5526 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5526 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5526 10 . . . 34457 5527 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5527 2 . . . 34457 5528 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5528 2 . . . 34457 5528 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5528 4 , , , 34457 5528 5 49 49 CD 34457 5528 6 . . . 34457 5529 1 688 688 CD 34457 5529 2 ; ; : 34457 5529 3 Kremann Kremann NNP 34457 5529 4 , , , 34457 5529 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5529 6 Monatshefte Monatshefte NNP 34457 5529 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5529 8 , , , 34457 5529 9 1904 1904 CD 34457 5529 10 , , , 34457 5529 11 25 25 CD 34457 5529 12 . . . 34457 5530 1 1215 1215 CD 34457 5530 2 , , , 34457 5530 3 1271 1271 CD 34457 5530 4 , , , 34457 5530 5 1311 1311 CD 34457 5530 6 . . . 34457 5531 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5531 2 292 292 CD 34457 5531 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5531 4 J. J. NNP 34457 5531 5 C. C. NNP 34457 5531 6 Philip Philip NNP 34457 5531 7 , , , 34457 5531 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5531 9 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5531 10 . . . 34457 5532 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5532 2 . . . 34457 5533 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5533 2 . . . 34457 5533 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5533 4 , , , 34457 5533 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5533 6 , , , 34457 5533 7 83 83 CD 34457 5533 8 . . . 34457 5534 1 821 821 CD 34457 5534 2 . . . 34457 5535 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5535 2 293 293 CD 34457 5535 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5535 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5535 5 Cf Cf NNP 34457 5535 6 . . . 34457 5535 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5535 8 also also RB 34457 5535 9 Paterno Paterno NNP 34457 5535 10 and and CC 34457 5535 11 Ampolla Ampolla NNP 34457 5535 12 , , , 34457 5535 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5535 14 Gazzetta Gazzetta NNP 34457 5535 15 chim chim NN 34457 5535 16 . . . 34457 5536 1 ital ital JJ 34457 5536 2 . . . 34457 5536 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5536 4 , , , 34457 5536 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5536 6 , , , 34457 5536 7 27 27 CD 34457 5536 8 . . . 34457 5537 1 481 481 CD 34457 5537 2 . . . 34457 5538 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5538 2 294 294 CD 34457 5538 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5538 4 Philip Philip NNP 34457 5538 5 , , , 34457 5538 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5538 7 loc loc NN 34457 5538 8 . . . 34457 5539 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5539 2 . . . 34457 5539 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5539 4 , , , 34457 5539 5 p. p. NN 34457 5539 6 826 826 CD 34457 5539 7 . . . 34457 5540 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5540 2 295 295 CD 34457 5540 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5540 4 Philip Philip NNP 34457 5540 5 , , , 34457 5540 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5540 7 loc loc NN 34457 5540 8 . . . 34457 5541 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5541 2 . . . 34457 5541 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5541 4 , , , 34457 5541 5 p. p. NN 34457 5541 6 829 829 CD 34457 5541 7 . . . 34457 5542 1 Compare compare VB 34457 5542 2 curves curve NNS 34457 5542 3 for for IN 34457 5542 4 iodine iodine NN 34457 5542 5 monochloride monochloride NN 34457 5542 6 , , , 34457 5542 7 Fig Fig NNP 34457 5542 8 . . . 34457 5543 1 42 42 CD 34457 5543 2 , , , 34457 5543 3 p. p. NN 34457 5543 4 162 162 CD 34457 5543 5 . . . 34457 5544 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5544 2 296 296 CD 34457 5544 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5544 4 Kuriloff Kuriloff NNP 34457 5544 5 , , , 34457 5544 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5544 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5544 8 . . . 34457 5545 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5545 2 . . . 34457 5546 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5546 2 . . . 34457 5546 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5546 4 , , , 34457 5546 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5546 6 , , , 34457 5546 7 23 23 CD 34457 5546 8 . . . 34457 5547 1 676 676 CD 34457 5547 2 . . . 34457 5548 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5548 2 297 297 CD 34457 5548 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5548 4 Ladenburg Ladenburg NNP 34457 5548 5 , , , 34457 5548 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5548 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5548 8 . . . 34457 5548 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5548 10 , , , 34457 5548 11 1895 1895 CD 34457 5548 12 , , , 34457 5548 13 28 28 CD 34457 5548 14 . . . 34457 5549 1 163 163 CD 34457 5549 2 ; ; : 34457 5549 3 1991 1991 CD 34457 5549 4 . . . 34457 5550 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5550 2 298 298 CD 34457 5550 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5550 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5550 5 , , , 34457 5550 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5550 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5550 8 . . . 34457 5551 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5551 2 . . . 34457 5552 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5552 2 . . . 34457 5552 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5552 4 , , , 34457 5552 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5552 6 , , , 34457 5552 7 28 28 CD 34457 5552 8 . . . 34457 5553 1 494 494 CD 34457 5553 2 ; ; : 34457 5553 3 Adriani Adriani NNP 34457 5553 4 , , , 34457 5553 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5553 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 5553 7 . . . 34457 5553 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5553 9 , , , 34457 5553 10 1900 1900 CD 34457 5553 11 , , , 34457 5553 12 33 33 CD 34457 5553 13 . . . 34457 5554 1 453 453 CD 34457 5554 2 . . . 34457 5555 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5555 2 299 299 CD 34457 5555 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5555 4 Adriani Adriani NNP 34457 5555 5 , , , 34457 5555 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5555 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5555 8 . . . 34457 5556 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5556 2 . . . 34457 5557 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5557 2 . . . 34457 5557 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5557 4 , , , 34457 5557 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5557 6 , , , 34457 5557 7 33 33 CD 34457 5557 8 . . . 34457 5558 1 453 453 CD 34457 5558 2 . . . 34457 5559 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5559 2 300 300 CD 34457 5559 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5559 4 A. a. NN 34457 5559 5 Findlay Findlay NNP 34457 5559 6 and and CC 34457 5559 7 Miss Miss NNP 34457 5559 8 E. E. NNP 34457 5559 9 Hickmans Hickmans NNPS 34457 5559 10 . . . 34457 5560 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5560 2 301 301 CD 34457 5560 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5560 4 Kipping Kipping NNP 34457 5560 5 and and CC 34457 5560 6 Pope Pope NNP 34457 5560 7 , , , 34457 5560 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5560 9 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5560 10 . . . 34457 5561 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5561 2 . . . 34457 5562 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5562 2 . . . 34457 5562 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5562 4 , , , 34457 5562 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5562 6 , , , 34457 5562 7 71 71 CD 34457 5562 8 . . . 34457 5563 1 993 993 CD 34457 5563 2 . . . 34457 5564 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5564 2 302 302 CD 34457 5564 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5564 4 See See NNP 34457 5564 5 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5564 6 , , , 34457 5564 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5564 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5564 9 . . . 34457 5565 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5565 2 . . . 34457 5566 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5566 2 . . . 34457 5566 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5566 4 , , , 34457 5566 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5566 6 , , , 34457 5566 7 28 28 CD 34457 5566 8 . . . 34457 5567 1 512 512 CD 34457 5567 2 ; ; : 34457 5567 3 Adriani Adriani NNP 34457 5567 4 , , , 34457 5567 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5567 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 5567 7 . . . 34457 5567 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5567 9 , , , 34457 5567 10 1900 1900 CD 34457 5567 11 , , , 34457 5567 12 33 33 CD 34457 5567 13 . . . 34457 5568 1 473 473 CD 34457 5568 2 ; ; : 34457 5568 3 1901 1901 CD 34457 5568 4 , , , 34457 5568 5 36 36 CD 34457 5568 6 . . . 34457 5569 1 168 168 CD 34457 5569 2 . . . 34457 5570 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5570 2 303 303 CD 34457 5570 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5570 4 In in IN 34457 5570 5 this this DT 34457 5570 6 connection connection NN 34457 5570 7 reference reference NN 34457 5570 8 should should MD 34457 5570 9 be be VB 34457 5570 10 made make VBN 34457 5570 11 more more RBR 34457 5570 12 especially especially RB 34457 5570 13 to to IN 34457 5570 14 the the DT 34457 5570 15 paper paper NN 34457 5570 16 by by IN 34457 5570 17 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 5570 18 - - HYPH 34457 5570 19 Austen Austen NNP 34457 5570 20 and and CC 34457 5570 21 Stansfield Stansfield NNP 34457 5570 22 , , , 34457 5570 23 " " '' 34457 5570 24 Sur Sur NNP 34457 5570 25 la la NNP 34457 5570 26 constitution constitution NNP 34457 5570 27 des des NNP 34457 5570 28 alliages alliage NNS 34457 5570 29 mà mà NNP 34457 5570 30 © © NNP 34457 5570 31 talliques tallique NNS 34457 5570 32 , , , 34457 5570 33 " " '' 34457 5570 34 in in IN 34457 5570 35 the the DT 34457 5570 36 _ _ NNP 34457 5570 37 Rapports Rapports NNPS 34457 5570 38 du du NNP 34457 5570 39 congrès congrès NNP 34457 5570 40 international international NNP 34457 5570 41 de de FW 34457 5570 42 physique physique NNP 34457 5570 43 _ _ NNP 34457 5570 44 , , , 34457 5570 45 1900 1900 CD 34457 5570 46 , , , 34457 5570 47 I. i. NN 34457 5571 1 363 363 CD 34457 5571 2 ; ; : 34457 5571 3 J. J. NNP 34457 5572 1 A. A. NNP 34457 5572 2 Mathews Mathews NNP 34457 5572 3 , , , 34457 5572 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5572 5 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5572 6 . . . 34457 5573 1 of of IN 34457 5573 2 the the DT 34457 5573 3 Franklin Franklin NNP 34457 5573 4 Inst Inst NNP 34457 5573 5 . . . 34457 5573 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5573 7 , , , 34457 5573 8 1902 1902 CD 34457 5573 9 ; ; : 34457 5573 10 Gautier Gautier NNP 34457 5573 11 , , , 34457 5573 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5573 13 Compt Compt NNP 34457 5573 14 . . . 34457 5574 1 rend rend VB 34457 5574 2 . . . 34457 5574 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5574 4 , , , 34457 5574 5 1896 1896 CD 34457 5574 6 , , , 34457 5574 7 123 123 CD 34457 5574 8 . . . 34457 5575 1 109 109 CD 34457 5575 2 ; ; : 34457 5575 3 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 5575 4 - - HYPH 34457 5575 5 Austen Austen NNP 34457 5575 6 , , , 34457 5575 7 " " `` 34457 5575 8 Reports report NNS 34457 5575 9 of of IN 34457 5575 10 the the DT 34457 5575 11 Alloys Alloys NNPS 34457 5575 12 Research Research NNP 34457 5575 13 Committee Committee NNP 34457 5575 14 , , , 34457 5575 15 " " '' 34457 5575 16 in in IN 34457 5575 17 _ _ NNP 34457 5575 18 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5575 19 . . . 34457 5576 1 Inst inst RB 34457 5576 2 . . . 34457 5577 1 Mechan Mechan NNP 34457 5577 2 . . . 34457 5578 1 Engineers engineer NNS 34457 5578 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5578 3 , , , 34457 5578 4 from from IN 34457 5578 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 5578 6 to to IN 34457 5578 7 1904 1904 CD 34457 5578 8 ; ; : 34457 5578 9 and and CC 34457 5578 10 the the DT 34457 5578 11 papers paper NNS 34457 5578 12 by by IN 34457 5578 13 Heycock Heycock NNP 34457 5578 14 and and CC 34457 5578 15 Neville Neville NNP 34457 5578 16 , , , 34457 5578 17 published publish VBN 34457 5578 18 in in IN 34457 5578 19 the the DT 34457 5578 20 _ _ NNP 34457 5578 21 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5578 22 . . . 34457 5579 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5579 2 . . . 34457 5580 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5580 2 . . . 34457 5580 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5580 4 , , , 34457 5580 5 and and CC 34457 5580 6 the the DT 34457 5580 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5580 8 Trans Trans NNP 34457 5580 9 . . . 34457 5581 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5581 2 . . . 34457 5582 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5582 2 . . . 34457 5582 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5582 4 since since IN 34457 5582 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5582 6 ; ; : 34457 5582 7 also also RB 34457 5582 8 Neville Neville NNP 34457 5582 9 , , , 34457 5582 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5582 11 Reports Reports NNPS 34457 5582 12 of of IN 34457 5582 13 the the DT 34457 5582 14 British British NNP 34457 5582 15 Association Association NNP 34457 5582 16 _ _ NNP 34457 5582 17 , , , 34457 5582 18 1900 1900 CD 34457 5582 19 , , , 34457 5582 20 p. p. NN 34457 5582 21 131 131 CD 34457 5582 22 . . . 34457 5583 1 Reference reference NN 34457 5583 2 must must MD 34457 5583 3 also also RB 34457 5583 4 be be VB 34457 5583 5 made make VBN 34457 5583 6 to to IN 34457 5583 7 the the DT 34457 5583 8 important important JJ 34457 5583 9 metallographic metallographic JJ 34457 5583 10 investigations investigation NNS 34457 5583 11 by by IN 34457 5583 12 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 5583 13 and and CC 34457 5583 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 5583 15 pupils pupil NNS 34457 5583 16 , , , 34457 5583 17 and and CC 34457 5583 18 of of IN 34457 5583 19 Kurnakoff Kurnakoff NNP 34457 5583 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5583 21 _ _ NNP 34457 5583 22 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5583 23 . . . 34457 5584 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5584 2 . . . 34457 5585 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5585 2 . . . 34457 5585 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5585 4 , , , 34457 5585 5 vol vol NNP 34457 5585 6 . . . 34457 5586 1 40 40 CD 34457 5586 2 and and CC 34457 5586 3 onwards onwards RB 34457 5586 4 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5586 5 , , , 34457 5586 6 and and CC 34457 5586 7 also also RB 34457 5586 8 to to IN 34457 5586 9 those those DT 34457 5586 10 of of IN 34457 5586 11 Shepherd Shepherd NNP 34457 5586 12 , , , 34457 5586 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5586 14 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5586 15 . . . 34457 5587 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5587 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5587 3 . . . 34457 5587 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5587 5 , , , 34457 5587 6 8 8 CD 34457 5587 7 . . . 34457 5588 1 A a DT 34457 5588 2 bibliography bibliography NN 34457 5588 3 of of IN 34457 5588 4 the the DT 34457 5588 5 alloys alloy NNS 34457 5588 6 is be VBZ 34457 5588 7 given give VBN 34457 5588 8 in in IN 34457 5588 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5588 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5588 11 . . . 34457 5589 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5589 2 . . . 34457 5590 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5590 2 . . . 34457 5590 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5590 4 , , , 34457 5590 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5590 6 , , , 34457 5590 7 35 35 CD 34457 5590 8 . . . 34457 5591 1 249 249 CD 34457 5591 2 . . . 34457 5592 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5592 2 304 304 CD 34457 5592 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5592 4 Kurnakoff Kurnakoff NNP 34457 5592 5 and and CC 34457 5592 6 Puschin Puschin NNP 34457 5592 7 , , , 34457 5592 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5592 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5592 10 . . . 34457 5593 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5593 2 . . . 34457 5594 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5594 2 . . . 34457 5594 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5594 4 , , , 34457 5594 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5594 6 , , , 34457 5594 7 30 30 CD 34457 5594 8 . . . 34457 5595 1 104 104 CD 34457 5595 2 . . . 34457 5596 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5596 2 305 305 CD 34457 5596 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5596 4 Gautier Gautier NNP 34457 5596 5 , , , 34457 5596 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5596 7 Bull Bull NNP 34457 5596 8 . . . 34457 5597 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5597 2 . . . 34457 5598 1 d'Encouragement d'Encouragement NNP 34457 5598 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5598 3 , , , 34457 5598 4 1896 1896 CD 34457 5598 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5598 6 5 5 CD 34457 5598 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5598 8 , , , 34457 5598 9 1 1 CD 34457 5598 10 . . . 34457 5599 1 1312 1312 CD 34457 5599 2 . . . 34457 5600 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5600 2 306 306 CD 34457 5600 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5600 4 Heycock Heycock NNP 34457 5600 5 and and CC 34457 5600 6 Neville Neville NNP 34457 5600 7 , , , 34457 5600 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5600 9 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5600 10 . . . 34457 5601 1 Trans Trans NNPS 34457 5601 2 . . . 34457 5601 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5601 4 , , , 34457 5601 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5601 6 , , , 34457 5601 7 194 194 CD 34457 5601 8 . . . 34457 5602 1 201 201 CD 34457 5602 2 . . . 34457 5603 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5603 2 307 307 CD 34457 5603 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5603 4 Gautier Gautier NNP 34457 5603 5 , , , 34457 5603 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5603 7 loc loc NN 34457 5603 8 . . . 34457 5604 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5604 2 . . . 34457 5604 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5604 4 See See NNP 34457 5604 5 also also RB 34457 5604 6 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 5604 7 - - HYPH 34457 5604 8 Austen Austen NNP 34457 5604 9 and and CC 34457 5604 10 Rose Rose NNP 34457 5604 11 , , , 34457 5604 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5604 13 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5604 14 . . . 34457 5605 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5605 2 . . . 34457 5606 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5606 2 . . . 34457 5606 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5606 4 , , , 34457 5606 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5606 6 , , , 34457 5606 7 71 71 CD 34457 5606 8 . . . 34457 5607 1 161 161 CD 34457 5607 2 . . . 34457 5608 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5608 2 308 308 CD 34457 5608 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5608 4 Heycock Heycock NNP 34457 5608 5 and and CC 34457 5608 6 Neville Neville NNP 34457 5608 7 , , , 34457 5608 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5608 9 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5608 10 . . . 34457 5609 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5609 2 . . . 34457 5610 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5610 2 . . . 34457 5610 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5610 4 , , , 34457 5610 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5610 6 , , , 34457 5610 7 71 71 CD 34457 5610 8 . . . 34457 5611 1 414 414 CD 34457 5611 2 . . . 34457 5612 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5612 2 309 309 CD 34457 5612 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5612 4 See See NNP 34457 5612 5 Roberts Roberts NNP 34457 5612 6 - - HYPH 34457 5612 7 Austen Austen NNP 34457 5612 8 , , , 34457 5612 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5612 10 Introduction Introduction NNP 34457 5612 11 to to IN 34457 5612 12 Metallurgy Metallurgy NNP 34457 5612 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5612 14 , , , 34457 5612 15 5th 5th JJ 34457 5612 16 edit edit NN 34457 5612 17 . . . 34457 5612 18 , , , 34457 5612 19 p. p. NN 34457 5612 20 102 102 CD 34457 5612 21 ; ; : 34457 5612 22 Bakhuis Bakhuis NNP 34457 5612 23 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5612 24 , , , 34457 5612 25 _ _ NNP 34457 5612 26 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5612 27 . . . 34457 5613 1 Iron Iron NNP 34457 5613 2 and and CC 34457 5613 3 Steel Steel NNP 34457 5613 4 Inst Inst NNP 34457 5613 5 . . . 34457 5613 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5613 7 , , , 34457 5613 8 1900 1900 CD 34457 5613 9 , , , 34457 5613 10 II II NNP 34457 5613 11 . . . 34457 5614 1 311 311 CD 34457 5614 2 ; ; : 34457 5614 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5614 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5614 5 . . . 34457 5615 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5615 2 . . . 34457 5616 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5616 2 . . . 34457 5616 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5616 4 , , , 34457 5616 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5616 6 , , , 34457 5616 7 34 34 CD 34457 5616 8 . . . 34457 5617 1 437 437 CD 34457 5617 2 ; ; : 34457 5617 3 von von NNP 34457 5617 4 Jüptner Jüptner NNP 34457 5617 5 , , , 34457 5617 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5617 7 Siderology Siderology NNP 34457 5617 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5617 9 , , , 34457 5617 10 p. p. NN 34457 5617 11 223 223 CD 34457 5617 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5617 13 translation translation NN 34457 5617 14 by by IN 34457 5617 15 C. C. NNP 34457 5617 16 Salter Salter NNP 34457 5617 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5617 18 ; ; : 34457 5617 19 van't van't NNS 34457 5617 20 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5617 21 , , , 34457 5617 22 _ _ NNP 34457 5617 23 Zinn Zinn NNP 34457 5617 24 , , , 34457 5617 25 Gips Gips NNP 34457 5617 26 , , , 34457 5617 27 und und JJ 34457 5617 28 Stahl Stahl NNP 34457 5617 29 _ _ NNP 34457 5617 30 , , , 34457 5617 31 p. p. NN 34457 5617 32 24 24 CD 34457 5617 33 , , , 34457 5617 34 or or CC 34457 5617 35 _ _ NNP 34457 5617 36 Acht Acht NNP 34457 5617 37 Vorträge vortrã¤ge NN 34457 5617 38 über über VBZ 34457 5617 39 physikalische physikalische IN 34457 5617 40 Chemie Chemie NNP 34457 5617 41 _ _ NNP 34457 5617 42 , , , 34457 5617 43 p. p. NN 34457 5617 44 37 37 CD 34457 5617 45 . . . 34457 5618 1 Further further RB 34457 5618 2 , , , 34457 5618 3 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5618 4 , , , 34457 5618 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5618 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5618 7 . . . 34457 5619 1 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5619 2 . . . 34457 5619 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5619 4 , , , 34457 5619 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5619 6 , , , 34457 5619 7 10 10 CD 34457 5619 8 . . . 34457 5620 1 489 489 CD 34457 5620 2 ; ; : 34457 5620 3 E. E. NNP 34457 5620 4 Heyn Heyn NNP 34457 5620 5 , , , 34457 5620 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5620 7 ibid ibid NN 34457 5620 8 . . . 34457 5620 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5620 10 , , , 34457 5620 11 p. p. NN 34457 5620 12 491 491 CD 34457 5620 13 ; ; : 34457 5620 14 Carpenter Carpenter NNP 34457 5620 15 and and CC 34457 5620 16 Keeling Keeling NNP 34457 5620 17 , , , 34457 5620 18 _ _ NNP 34457 5620 19 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5620 20 . . . 34457 5621 1 Iron Iron NNP 34457 5621 2 and and CC 34457 5621 3 Steel Steel NNP 34457 5621 4 Inst Inst NNP 34457 5621 5 . . . 34457 5621 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5621 7 , , , 34457 5621 8 1904 1904 CD 34457 5621 9 , , , 34457 5621 10 65 65 CD 34457 5621 11 . . . 34457 5622 1 224 224 CD 34457 5622 2 . . . 34457 5623 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5623 2 310 310 CD 34457 5623 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5623 4 The the DT 34457 5623 5 melting melting NN 34457 5623 6 point point NN 34457 5623 7 of of IN 34457 5623 8 pure pure JJ 34457 5623 9 iron iron NN 34457 5623 10 is be VBZ 34457 5623 11 given give VBN 34457 5623 12 by by IN 34457 5623 13 Carpenter Carpenter NNP 34457 5623 14 and and CC 34457 5623 15 Keeling Keeling NNP 34457 5623 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5623 17 _ _ NNP 34457 5623 18 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5623 19 . . . 34457 5624 1 Iron Iron NNP 34457 5624 2 and and CC 34457 5624 3 Steel Steel NNP 34457 5624 4 Inst Inst NNP 34457 5624 5 . . . 34457 5624 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5624 7 , , , 34457 5624 8 1904 1904 CD 34457 5624 9 , , , 34457 5624 10 65 65 CD 34457 5624 11 . . . 34457 5625 1 224 224 CD 34457 5625 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5625 3 as as IN 34457 5625 4 1505 1505 NNP 34457 5625 5 ° ° NNS 34457 5625 6 . . . 34457 5626 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5626 2 311 311 CD 34457 5626 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5626 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5626 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5626 6 . . . 34457 5627 1 für für NNP 34457 5627 2 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5627 3 . . . 34457 5627 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5627 5 , , , 34457 5627 6 1904 1904 CD 34457 5627 7 , , , 34457 5627 8 10 10 CD 34457 5627 9 . . . 34457 5628 1 491 491 CD 34457 5628 2 . . . 34457 5629 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5629 2 312 312 CD 34457 5629 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5629 4 See see VB 34457 5629 5 also also RB 34457 5629 6 Hiorns Hiorns NNPS 34457 5629 7 , , , 34457 5629 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5629 9 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5629 10 . . . 34457 5630 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5630 2 . . . 34457 5631 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5631 2 . . . 34457 5632 1 Ind. Indiana NNP 34457 5632 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5632 3 , , , 34457 5632 4 1906 1906 CD 34457 5632 5 , , , 34457 5632 6 25 25 CD 34457 5632 7 . . . 34457 5633 1 50 50 CD 34457 5633 2 . . . 34457 5634 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5634 2 313 313 CD 34457 5634 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5634 4 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5634 5 , , , 34457 5634 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5634 7 Jour Jour NNP 34457 5634 8 . . . 34457 5635 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5635 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5635 3 . . . 34457 5635 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5635 5 , , , 34457 5635 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 5635 7 , , , 34457 5635 8 6 6 CD 34457 5635 9 . . . 34457 5636 1 178 178 LS 34457 5636 2 ; ; : 34457 5636 3 Bell Bell NNP 34457 5636 4 and and CC 34457 5636 5 Taber Taber NNP 34457 5636 6 , , , 34457 5636 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5636 8 ibid ibid NN 34457 5636 9 . . . 34457 5636 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5636 11 , , , 34457 5636 12 1906 1906 CD 34457 5636 13 , , , 34457 5636 14 10 10 CD 34457 5636 15 . . . 34457 5637 1 120 120 CD 34457 5637 2 . . . 34457 5638 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5638 2 314 314 CD 34457 5638 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5638 4 The the DT 34457 5638 5 method method NN 34457 5638 6 to to TO 34457 5638 7 be be VB 34457 5638 8 followed follow VBN 34457 5638 9 when when WRB 34457 5638 10 the the DT 34457 5638 11 third third JJ 34457 5638 12 component component NN 34457 5638 13 enters enter VBZ 34457 5638 14 into into IN 34457 5638 15 the the DT 34457 5638 16 solid solid JJ 34457 5638 17 phase phase NN 34457 5638 18 will will MD 34457 5638 19 be be VB 34457 5638 20 explained explain VBN 34457 5638 21 later later RBR 34457 5638 22 . . . 34457 5639 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5639 2 315 315 CD 34457 5639 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5639 4 Tammann Tammann NNP 34457 5639 5 , , , 34457 5639 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5639 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5639 8 . . . 34457 5640 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 5640 2 . . . 34457 5641 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5641 2 . . . 34457 5641 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5641 4 , , , 34457 5641 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5641 6 , , , 34457 5641 7 37 37 CD 34457 5641 8 . . . 34457 5642 1 303 303 CD 34457 5642 2 ; ; : 34457 5642 3 1905 1905 CD 34457 5642 4 , , , 34457 5642 5 45 45 CD 34457 5642 6 . . . 34457 5643 1 24 24 CD 34457 5643 2 . . . 34457 5644 1 Reference reference NN 34457 5644 2 may may MD 34457 5644 3 be be VB 34457 5644 4 made make VBN 34457 5644 5 here here RB 34457 5644 6 to to IN 34457 5644 7 the the DT 34457 5644 8 registering register VBG 34457 5644 9 pyrometer pyrometer NN 34457 5644 10 of of IN 34457 5644 11 Kurnakoff Kurnakoff NNP 34457 5644 12 , , , 34457 5644 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5644 14 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5644 15 . . . 34457 5645 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 5645 2 . . . 34457 5646 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5646 2 . . . 34457 5646 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5646 4 , , , 34457 5646 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5646 6 , , , 34457 5646 7 42 42 CD 34457 5646 8 . . . 34457 5647 1 184 184 CD 34457 5647 2 . . . 34457 5648 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5648 2 316 316 CD 34457 5648 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5648 4 In in IN 34457 5648 5 this this DT 34457 5648 6 connection connection NN 34457 5648 7 , , , 34457 5648 8 see see VB 34457 5648 9 Doelter doelter NN 34457 5648 10 , , , 34457 5648 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5648 12 Physikalisch Physikalisch NNP 34457 5648 13 - - HYPH 34457 5648 14 chemisch chemisch NNP 34457 5648 15 Mineralogie Mineralogie NNP 34457 5648 16 _ _ NNP 34457 5648 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5648 18 Barth Barth NNP 34457 5648 19 , , , 34457 5648 20 1901 1901 CD 34457 5648 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5648 22 ; ; : 34457 5648 23 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5648 24 , , , 34457 5648 25 _ _ NNP 34457 5648 26 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5648 27 . . . 34457 5649 1 f. f. NNP 34457 5649 2 Kristallographie Kristallographie NNP 34457 5649 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5649 4 , , , 34457 5649 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5649 6 , , , 34457 5649 7 36 36 CD 34457 5649 8 . . . 34457 5650 1 593 593 CD 34457 5650 2 ; ; : 34457 5650 3 Guthrie Guthrie NNP 34457 5650 4 , , , 34457 5650 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5650 6 Phil Phil NNP 34457 5650 7 . . . 34457 5651 1 Mag Mag NNP 34457 5651 2 . . . 34457 5651 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5651 4 , , , 34457 5651 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 5651 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5651 7 5 5 CD 34457 5651 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5651 9 , , , 34457 5651 10 17 17 CD 34457 5651 11 . . . 34457 5652 1 479 479 CD 34457 5652 2 ; ; : 34457 5652 3 Le Le NNP 34457 5652 4 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 34457 5652 5 , , , 34457 5652 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5652 7 Compt Compt NNP 34457 5652 8 . . . 34457 5653 1 rend rend VB 34457 5653 2 . . . 34457 5653 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5653 4 , , , 34457 5653 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5653 6 , , , 34457 5653 7 130 130 CD 34457 5653 8 . . . 34457 5654 1 85 85 CD 34457 5654 2 ; ; : 34457 5654 3 and and CC 34457 5654 4 especially especially RB 34457 5654 5 E. E. NNP 34457 5654 6 Baur Baur NNP 34457 5654 7 , , , 34457 5654 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5654 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5654 10 . . . 34457 5655 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5655 2 . . . 34457 5656 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5656 2 . . . 34457 5656 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5656 4 , , , 34457 5656 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5656 6 , , , 34457 5656 7 42 42 CD 34457 5656 8 . . . 34457 5657 1 567 567 CD 34457 5657 2 ; ; : 34457 5657 3 J. J. NNP 34457 5657 4 H. H. NNP 34457 5657 5 L. L. NNP 34457 5657 6 Vogt Vogt NNP 34457 5657 7 , , , 34457 5657 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5657 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5657 10 . . . 34457 5658 1 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5658 2 . . . 34457 5658 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5658 4 , , , 34457 5658 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5658 6 , , , 34457 5658 7 9 9 CD 34457 5658 8 . . . 34457 5659 1 852 852 CD 34457 5659 2 , , , 34457 5659 3 and and CC 34457 5659 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5659 5 Die Die NNP 34457 5659 6 Silikatschmelzlösungen Silikatschmelzlösungen NNP 34457 5659 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5659 8 , , , 34457 5659 9 Parts Parts NNP 34457 5659 10 I. I. NNP 34457 5659 11 and and CC 34457 5659 12 II II NNP 34457 5659 13 . . . 34457 5660 1 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5660 2 Christiania Christiania NNP 34457 5660 3 , , , 34457 5660 4 1903 1903 CD 34457 5660 5 , , , 34457 5660 6 1904 1904 CD 34457 5660 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5660 8 . . . 34457 5661 1 See see VB 34457 5661 2 also also RB 34457 5661 3 N. N. NNP 34457 5661 4 V. V. NNP 34457 5661 5 Kultascheff Kultascheff NNP 34457 5661 6 , , , 34457 5661 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5661 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5661 9 . . . 34457 5662 1 anorg anorg NNP 34457 5662 2 . . . 34457 5663 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5663 2 . . . 34457 5663 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5663 4 , , , 34457 5663 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5663 6 , , , 34457 5663 7 35 35 CD 34457 5663 8 . . . 34457 5664 1 187 187 CD 34457 5664 2 . . . 34457 5665 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5665 2 317 317 CD 34457 5665 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5665 4 G. G. NNP 34457 5665 5 G. G. NNP 34457 5665 6 Stokes Stokes NNP 34457 5665 7 , , , 34457 5665 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5665 9 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5665 10 . . . 34457 5666 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5666 2 . . . 34457 5667 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5667 2 . . . 34457 5667 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5667 4 , , , 34457 5667 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 5667 6 , , , 34457 5667 7 49 49 CD 34457 5667 8 . . . 34457 5668 1 174 174 CD 34457 5668 2 ; ; : 34457 5668 3 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 34457 5668 4 , , , 34457 5668 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5668 6 Trans Trans NNP 34457 5668 7 . . . 34457 5669 1 Conn. Connecticut NNP 34457 5669 2 Acad Acad NNP 34457 5669 3 . . . 34457 5669 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5669 5 , , , 34457 5669 6 1876 1876 CD 34457 5669 7 , , , 34457 5669 8 3 3 CD 34457 5669 9 . . . 34457 5670 1 176 176 LS 34457 5670 2 ; ; : 34457 5670 3 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5670 4 , , , 34457 5670 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5670 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5670 7 . . . 34457 5671 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5671 2 . . . 34457 5672 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5672 2 . . . 34457 5672 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5672 4 , , , 34457 5672 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5672 6 , , , 34457 5672 7 15 15 CD 34457 5672 8 . . . 34457 5673 1 147 147 CD 34457 5673 2 . . . 34457 5674 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5674 2 318 318 CD 34457 5674 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5674 4 This this DT 34457 5674 5 figure figure NN 34457 5674 6 has have VBZ 34457 5674 7 been be VBN 34457 5674 8 taken take VBN 34457 5674 9 from from IN 34457 5674 10 Ostwald Ostwald NNP 34457 5674 11 's 's POS 34457 5674 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5674 13 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP 34457 5674 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5674 15 , , , 34457 5674 16 II II NNP 34457 5674 17 . . . 34457 5675 1 2 2 LS 34457 5675 2 . . . 34457 5676 1 984 984 CD 34457 5676 2 . . . 34457 5677 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5677 2 319 319 CD 34457 5677 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5677 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5677 5 , , , 34457 5677 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5677 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5677 8 . . . 34457 5678 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5678 2 . . . 34457 5679 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5679 2 . . . 34457 5679 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5679 4 , , , 34457 5679 5 1893 1893 CD 34457 5679 6 , , , 34457 5679 7 12 12 CD 34457 5679 8 . . . 34457 5680 1 369 369 CD 34457 5680 2 . . . 34457 5681 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5681 2 320 320 CD 34457 5681 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5681 4 C. C. NNP 34457 5681 5 R. R. NNP 34457 5681 6 A. A. NNP 34457 5681 7 Wright Wright NNP 34457 5681 8 , , , 34457 5681 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5681 10 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5681 11 . . . 34457 5682 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5682 2 . . . 34457 5683 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5683 2 . . . 34457 5683 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5683 4 , , , 34457 5683 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 5683 6 , , , 34457 5683 7 49 49 CD 34457 5683 8 . . . 34457 5684 1 174 174 CD 34457 5684 2 ; ; : 34457 5684 3 1892 1892 CD 34457 5684 4 , , , 34457 5684 5 50 50 CD 34457 5684 6 . . . 34457 5685 1 375 375 CD 34457 5685 2 . . . 34457 5686 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5686 2 321 321 CD 34457 5686 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5686 4 The the DT 34457 5686 5 distribution distribution NN 34457 5686 6 coefficient coefficient NN 34457 5686 7 will will MD 34457 5686 8 not not RB 34457 5686 9 remain remain VB 34457 5686 10 constant constant JJ 34457 5686 11 because because IN 34457 5686 12 , , , 34457 5686 13 apart apart RB 34457 5686 14 from from IN 34457 5686 15 other other JJ 34457 5686 16 reasons reason NNS 34457 5686 17 , , , 34457 5686 18 the the DT 34457 5686 19 mutual mutual JJ 34457 5686 20 solubility solubility NN 34457 5686 21 of of IN 34457 5686 22 chloroform chloroform NN 34457 5686 23 and and CC 34457 5686 24 water water NN 34457 5686 25 is be VBZ 34457 5686 26 altered alter VBN 34457 5686 27 by by IN 34457 5686 28 the the DT 34457 5686 29 addition addition NN 34457 5686 30 of of IN 34457 5686 31 the the DT 34457 5686 32 acid acid NN 34457 5686 33 . . . 34457 5687 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5687 2 322 322 CD 34457 5687 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5687 4 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5687 5 , , , 34457 5687 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5687 7 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5687 8 Review Review NNP 34457 5687 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5687 10 , , , 34457 5687 11 1895 1895 CD 34457 5687 12 , , , 34457 5687 13 3 3 CD 34457 5687 14 . . . 34457 5688 1 21 21 LS 34457 5688 2 ; ; : 34457 5688 3 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5688 4 , , , 34457 5688 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5688 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5688 7 . . . 34457 5689 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5689 2 . . . 34457 5690 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5690 2 . . . 34457 5690 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5690 4 , , , 34457 5690 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5690 6 , , , 34457 5690 7 23 23 CD 34457 5690 8 . . . 34457 5691 1 652 652 CD 34457 5691 2 , , , 34457 5691 3 and and CC 34457 5691 4 subsequent subsequent JJ 34457 5691 5 volumes volume NNS 34457 5691 6 . . . 34457 5692 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5692 2 323 323 NNP 34457 5692 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5692 4 C. C. NNP 34457 5692 5 R. R. NNP 34457 5692 6 A. A. NNP 34457 5692 7 Wright Wright NNP 34457 5692 8 , , , 34457 5692 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5692 10 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5692 11 . . . 34457 5693 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5693 2 . . . 34457 5694 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5694 2 . . . 34457 5694 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5694 4 , , , 34457 5694 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5694 6 - - SYM 34457 5694 7 1893 1893 CD 34457 5694 8 . . . 34457 5695 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5695 2 324 324 CD 34457 5695 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5695 4 C. C. NNP 34457 5695 5 R. R. NNP 34457 5695 6 A. A. NNP 34457 5695 7 Wright Wright NNP 34457 5695 8 , , , 34457 5695 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5695 10 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5695 11 . . . 34457 5696 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5696 2 . . . 34457 5697 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5697 2 . . . 34457 5697 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5697 4 , , , 34457 5697 5 1892 1892 CD 34457 5697 6 , , , 34457 5697 7 50 50 CD 34457 5697 8 . . . 34457 5698 1 390 390 CD 34457 5698 2 . . . 34457 5699 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5699 2 325 325 CD 34457 5699 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5699 4 Bodländer Bodländer NNP 34457 5699 5 , , , 34457 5699 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5699 7 Berg- Berg- NNP 34457 5699 8 und und NNP 34457 5699 9 Hüttenmänn hã¼ttenmã¤nn CD 34457 5699 10 . . . 34457 5700 1 Ztg Ztg NNP 34457 5700 2 . . . 34457 5700 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5700 4 , , , 34457 5700 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5700 6 , , , 34457 5700 7 56 56 CD 34457 5700 8 . . . 34457 5701 1 331 331 CD 34457 5701 2 . . . 34457 5702 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5702 2 326 326 CD 34457 5702 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5702 4 C. C. NNP 34457 5702 5 R. R. NNP 34457 5702 6 A. A. NNP 34457 5702 7 Wright Wright NNP 34457 5702 8 , , , 34457 5702 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5702 10 Proc Proc NNP 34457 5702 11 . . . 34457 5703 1 Roy Roy NNP 34457 5703 2 . . . 34457 5704 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5704 2 . . . 34457 5704 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5704 4 , , , 34457 5704 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5704 6 loc loc NNP 34457 5704 7 . . . 34457 5705 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5705 2 . . . 34457 5705 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5705 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5705 5 327 327 CD 34457 5705 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5705 7 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5705 8 , , , 34457 5705 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5705 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5705 11 . . . 34457 5706 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5706 2 . . . 34457 5707 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5707 2 . . . 34457 5707 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5707 4 , , , 34457 5707 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5707 6 , , , 34457 5707 7 33 33 CD 34457 5707 8 . . . 34457 5708 1 78 78 CD 34457 5708 2 . . . 34457 5709 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5709 2 328 328 CD 34457 5709 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5709 4 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5709 5 , , , 34457 5709 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5709 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5709 8 . . . 34457 5710 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5710 2 . . . 34457 5711 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5711 2 . . . 34457 5711 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5711 4 , , , 34457 5711 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5711 6 , , , 34457 5711 7 27 27 CD 34457 5711 8 . . . 34457 5712 1 95 95 CD 34457 5712 2 . . . 34457 5713 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5713 2 329 329 CD 34457 5713 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5713 4 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5713 5 , , , 34457 5713 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5713 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5713 8 . . . 34457 5714 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5714 2 . . . 34457 5715 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5715 2 . . . 34457 5715 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5715 4 , , , 34457 5715 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5715 6 , , , 34457 5715 7 29 29 CD 34457 5715 8 . . . 34457 5716 1 577 577 CD 34457 5716 2 . . . 34457 5717 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5717 2 330 330 CD 34457 5717 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5717 4 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5717 5 , , , 34457 5717 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5717 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5717 8 . . . 34457 5718 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5718 2 . . . 34457 5719 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5719 2 . . . 34457 5719 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5719 4 , , , 34457 5719 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5719 6 , , , 34457 5719 7 25 25 CD 34457 5719 8 . . . 34457 5720 1 543 543 CD 34457 5720 2 . . . 34457 5721 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5721 2 331 331 CD 34457 5721 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5721 4 Charpy Charpy NNP 34457 5721 5 , , , 34457 5721 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5721 7 Compt Compt NNP 34457 5721 8 . . . 34457 5722 1 rend rend VB 34457 5722 2 . . . 34457 5722 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5722 4 , , , 34457 5722 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5722 6 , , , 34457 5722 7 126 126 CD 34457 5722 8 . . . 34457 5723 1 1569 1569 CD 34457 5723 2 . . . 34457 5724 1 Compare compare VB 34457 5724 2 the the DT 34457 5724 3 curves curve NNS 34457 5724 4 for for IN 34457 5724 5 the the DT 34457 5724 6 system system NN 34457 5724 7 KNO_{3}--NaNO_{3}--LiNO_{3 KNO_{3}--NaNO_{3}--LiNO_{3 NNP 34457 5724 8 } } -RRB- 34457 5724 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5724 10 H. H. NNP 34457 5724 11 R. R. NNP 34457 5724 12 Carveth Carveth NNP 34457 5724 13 , , , 34457 5724 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5724 15 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5724 16 . . . 34457 5725 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5725 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5725 3 . . . 34457 5725 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5725 5 , , , 34457 5725 6 1898 1898 CD 34457 5725 7 , , , 34457 5725 8 2 2 CD 34457 5725 9 . . . 34457 5726 1 209 209 CD 34457 5726 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5726 3 . . . 34457 5727 1 Also also RB 34457 5727 2 alloys alloy NNS 34457 5727 3 of of IN 34457 5727 4 Pb Pb NNP 34457 5727 5 -- -- : 34457 5727 6 Sn Sn NNP 34457 5727 7 -- -- : 34457 5727 8 Bi Bi NNP 34457 5727 9 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5727 10 E. E. NNP 34457 5727 11 S. S. NNP 34457 5727 12 Shepherd Shepherd NNP 34457 5727 13 , , , 34457 5727 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5727 15 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5727 16 . . . 34457 5728 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5728 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5728 3 . . . 34457 5728 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5728 5 , , , 34457 5728 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 5728 7 , , , 34457 5728 8 6 6 CD 34457 5728 9 . . . 34457 5729 1 527 527 CD 34457 5729 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5729 3 . . . 34457 5730 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5730 2 332 332 CD 34457 5730 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5730 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 5730 5 should should MD 34457 5730 6 be be VB 34457 5730 7 remembered remember VBN 34457 5730 8 that that IN 34457 5730 9 in in IN 34457 5730 10 the the DT 34457 5730 11 triangular triangular JJ 34457 5730 12 diagram diagram NN 34457 5730 13 a a DT 34457 5730 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5730 15 line line NN 34457 5730 16 _ _ NNP 34457 5730 17 parallel parallel NN 34457 5730 18 to to IN 34457 5730 19 one one CD 34457 5730 20 of of IN 34457 5730 21 the the DT 34457 5730 22 sides side NNS 34457 5730 23 indicates indicate VBZ 34457 5730 24 , , , 34457 5730 25 at at IN 34457 5730 26 a a DT 34457 5730 27 given give VBN 34457 5730 28 temperature temperature NN 34457 5730 29 , , , 34457 5730 30 a a DT 34457 5730 31 constant constant JJ 34457 5730 32 amount amount NN 34457 5730 33 of of IN 34457 5730 34 the the DT 34457 5730 35 component component NN 34457 5730 36 represented represent VBN 34457 5730 37 by by IN 34457 5730 38 the the DT 34457 5730 39 opposite opposite JJ 34457 5730 40 corner corner NN 34457 5730 41 of of IN 34457 5730 42 the the DT 34457 5730 43 triangle triangle NN 34457 5730 44 ; ; : 34457 5730 45 and and CC 34457 5730 46 , , , 34457 5730 47 hence hence RB 34457 5730 48 , , , 34457 5730 49 points point NNS 34457 5730 50 in in IN 34457 5730 51 a a DT 34457 5730 52 _ _ NNP 34457 5730 53 plane plane NN 34457 5730 54 _ _ NNP 34457 5730 55 , , , 34457 5730 56 parallel parallel JJ 34457 5730 57 to to IN 34457 5730 58 one one CD 34457 5730 59 face face NN 34457 5730 60 of of IN 34457 5730 61 a a DT 34457 5730 62 right right JJ 34457 5730 63 prism prism NN 34457 5730 64 , , , 34457 5730 65 will will MD 34457 5730 66 indicate indicate VB 34457 5730 67 for for IN 34457 5730 68 different different JJ 34457 5730 69 temperatures temperature NNS 34457 5730 70 , , , 34457 5730 71 variation variation NN 34457 5730 72 in in IN 34457 5730 73 the the DT 34457 5730 74 amounts amount NNS 34457 5730 75 of of IN 34457 5730 76 two two CD 34457 5730 77 components component NNS 34457 5730 78 , , , 34457 5730 79 but but CC 34457 5730 80 constancy constancy NN 34457 5730 81 in in IN 34457 5730 82 the the DT 34457 5730 83 amount amount NN 34457 5730 84 of of IN 34457 5730 85 the the DT 34457 5730 86 third third JJ 34457 5730 87 . . . 34457 5731 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5731 2 333 333 CD 34457 5731 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5731 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5731 5 Gazzetta Gazzetta NNP 34457 5731 6 chim chim NN 34457 5731 7 . . . 34457 5732 1 ital ital JJ 34457 5732 2 . . . 34457 5732 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5732 4 , , , 34457 5732 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5732 6 , , , 34457 5732 7 28 28 CD 34457 5732 8 . . . 34457 5733 1 II ii CD 34457 5733 2 . . . 34457 5734 1 520 520 CD 34457 5734 2 . . . 34457 5735 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5735 2 334 334 CD 34457 5735 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5735 4 Bruni Bruni NNP 34457 5735 5 , , , 34457 5735 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5735 7 Gazzetta Gazzetta NNP 34457 5735 8 chim chim NN 34457 5735 9 . . . 34457 5736 1 ital ital JJ 34457 5736 2 . . . 34457 5736 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5736 4 , , , 34457 5736 5 1898 1898 CD 34457 5736 6 , , , 34457 5736 7 28 28 CD 34457 5736 8 . . . 34457 5737 1 II ii CD 34457 5737 2 . . . 34457 5738 1 508 508 CD 34457 5738 2 ; ; : 34457 5738 3 1900 1900 CD 34457 5738 4 , , , 34457 5738 5 30 30 CD 34457 5738 6 . . . 34457 5739 1 I. I. NNP 34457 5740 1 35 35 CD 34457 5740 2 . . . 34457 5741 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5741 2 335 335 CD 34457 5741 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5741 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5741 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5741 6 . . . 34457 5742 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5742 2 . . . 34457 5743 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5743 2 . . . 34457 5743 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5743 4 , , , 34457 5743 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5743 6 , , , 34457 5743 7 36 36 CD 34457 5743 8 . . . 34457 5744 1 168 168 CD 34457 5744 2 . . . 34457 5745 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5745 2 336 336 CD 34457 5745 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5745 4 For for IN 34457 5745 5 a a DT 34457 5745 6 discussion discussion NN 34457 5745 7 of of IN 34457 5745 8 these these DT 34457 5745 9 systems system NNS 34457 5745 10 , , , 34457 5745 11 see see VB 34457 5745 12 van't van't NNP 34457 5745 13 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5745 14 , , , 34457 5745 15 _ _ NNP 34457 5745 16 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5745 17 und und JJ 34457 5745 18 Spaltung Spaltung NNP 34457 5745 19 von von NNP 34457 5745 20 Doppelsalzen Doppelsalzen NNP 34457 5745 21 _ _ NNP 34457 5745 22 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5745 23 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 34457 5745 24 , , , 34457 5745 25 1897 1897 CD 34457 5745 26 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5745 27 . . . 34457 5746 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5746 2 337 337 CD 34457 5746 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5746 4 Van Van NNP 34457 5746 5 Leeuwen Leeuwen NNP 34457 5746 6 , , , 34457 5746 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5746 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5746 9 . . . 34457 5747 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5747 2 . . . 34457 5748 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5748 2 . . . 34457 5748 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5748 4 , , , 34457 5748 5 1897 1897 CD 34457 5748 6 , , , 34457 5748 7 23 23 CD 34457 5748 8 . . . 34457 5749 1 35 35 CD 34457 5749 2 . . . 34457 5750 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5750 2 338 338 CD 34457 5750 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5750 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5750 5 , , , 34457 5750 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5750 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5750 8 . . . 34457 5751 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5751 2 . . . 34457 5752 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5752 2 . . . 34457 5752 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5752 4 , , , 34457 5752 5 1889 1889 CD 34457 5752 6 , , , 34457 5752 7 3 3 CD 34457 5752 8 . . . 34457 5753 1 336 336 CD 34457 5753 2 ; ; SYM 34457 5753 3 1890 1890 CD 34457 5753 4 , , , 34457 5753 5 5 5 CD 34457 5753 6 . . . 34457 5754 1 97 97 CD 34457 5754 2 . . . 34457 5755 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5755 2 339 339 CD 34457 5755 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5755 4 Reicher Reicher NNP 34457 5755 5 , , , 34457 5755 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5755 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5755 8 . . . 34457 5756 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5756 2 . . . 34457 5757 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5757 2 . . . 34457 5757 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5757 4 , , , 34457 5757 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5757 6 , , , 34457 5757 7 1 1 CD 34457 5757 8 . . . 34457 5758 1 220 220 CD 34457 5758 2 . . . 34457 5759 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5759 2 340 340 CD 34457 5759 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5759 4 For for IN 34457 5759 5 other other JJ 34457 5759 6 examples example NNS 34457 5759 7 of of IN 34457 5759 8 the the DT 34457 5759 9 formation formation NN 34457 5759 10 and and CC 34457 5759 11 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 5759 12 of of IN 34457 5759 13 double double JJ 34457 5759 14 salts salt NNS 34457 5759 15 at at IN 34457 5759 16 a a DT 34457 5759 17 transition transition NN 34457 5759 18 point point NN 34457 5759 19 , , , 34457 5759 20 the the DT 34457 5759 21 reader reader NN 34457 5759 22 is be VBZ 34457 5759 23 referred refer VBN 34457 5759 24 to to IN 34457 5759 25 the the DT 34457 5759 26 work work NN 34457 5759 27 by by IN 34457 5759 28 van't van't NNS 34457 5759 29 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5759 30 , , , 34457 5759 31 already already RB 34457 5759 32 cited cite VBN 34457 5759 33 , , , 34457 5759 34 on on IN 34457 5759 35 the the DT 34457 5759 36 _ _ NNP 34457 5759 37 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5759 38 und und JJ 34457 5759 39 Spaltung Spaltung NNP 34457 5759 40 von von NNP 34457 5759 41 Doppelsalzen Doppelsalzen NNP 34457 5759 42 _ _ NNP 34457 5759 43 ; ; : 34457 5759 44 or or CC 34457 5759 45 to to IN 34457 5759 46 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5759 47 , , , 34457 5759 48 _ _ NNP 34457 5759 49 Phase Phase NNP 34457 5759 50 Rule Rule NNP 34457 5759 51 _ _ NNP 34457 5759 52 , , , 34457 5759 53 p. p. NN 34457 5759 54 180 180 CD 34457 5759 55 . . . 34457 5760 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5760 2 341 341 CD 34457 5760 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5760 4 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5760 5 , , , 34457 5760 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5760 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 5760 8 Rule Rule NNP 34457 5760 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5760 10 , , , 34457 5760 11 p. p. NN 34457 5760 12 183 183 CD 34457 5760 13 . . . 34457 5761 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5761 2 342 342 CD 34457 5761 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5761 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5761 5 , , , 34457 5761 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5761 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5761 8 . . . 34457 5762 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5762 2 . . . 34457 5763 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5763 2 . . . 34457 5763 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5763 4 , , , 34457 5763 5 1888 1888 CD 34457 5763 6 , , , 34457 5763 7 2 2 CD 34457 5763 8 . . . 34457 5764 1 514 514 CD 34457 5764 2 . . . 34457 5765 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5765 2 343 343 CD 34457 5765 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5765 4 The the DT 34457 5765 5 influence influence NN 34457 5765 6 of of IN 34457 5765 7 pressure pressure NN 34457 5765 8 on on IN 34457 5765 9 the the DT 34457 5765 10 transition transition NN 34457 5765 11 point point NN 34457 5765 12 in in IN 34457 5765 13 the the DT 34457 5765 14 case case NN 34457 5765 15 of of IN 34457 5765 16 tachydrite tachydrite NN 34457 5765 17 has have VBZ 34457 5765 18 been be VBN 34457 5765 19 determined determine VBN 34457 5765 20 by by IN 34457 5765 21 van't van't NNS 34457 5765 22 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5765 23 , , , 34457 5765 24 Kenrick Kenrick NNP 34457 5765 25 , , , 34457 5765 26 and and CC 34457 5765 27 Dawson Dawson NNP 34457 5765 28 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5765 29 _ _ NNP 34457 5765 30 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5765 31 . . . 34457 5766 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5766 2 . . . 34457 5767 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5767 2 . . . 34457 5767 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5767 4 , , , 34457 5767 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5767 6 , , , 34457 5767 7 39 39 CD 34457 5767 8 . . . 34457 5768 1 27 27 CD 34457 5768 2 , , , 34457 5768 3 34 34 CD 34457 5768 4 ; ; , 34457 5768 5 van't van't JJ 34457 5768 6 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5768 7 , , , 34457 5768 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5768 9 Zur Zur NNP 34457 5768 10 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5768 11 der der NN 34457 5768 12 ozeanischen ozeanischen RB 34457 5768 13 Salzablagerungen Salzablagerungen NNP 34457 5768 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5768 15 , , , 34457 5768 16 I. I. NNP 34457 5768 17 p. p. NN 34457 5768 18 66 66 CD 34457 5768 19 - - HYPH 34457 5768 20 -Brunswick -Brunswick NNP 34457 5768 21 , , , 34457 5768 22 1905 1905 CD 34457 5768 23 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5768 24 . . . 34457 5769 1 This this DT 34457 5769 2 salt salt NN 34457 5769 3 is be VBZ 34457 5769 4 formed form VBN 34457 5769 5 from from IN 34457 5769 6 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 5769 7 chloride chloride NN 34457 5769 8 and and CC 34457 5769 9 calcium calcium NN 34457 5769 10 chloride chloride NN 34457 5769 11 at at IN 34457 5769 12 22 22â CD 34457 5769 13 ° ° NNS 34457 5769 14 , , , 34457 5769 15 in in IN 34457 5769 16 accordance accordance NN 34457 5769 17 with with IN 34457 5769 18 the the DT 34457 5769 19 equation-- equation-- NNP 34457 5769 20 2MgCl_{2}.6H_{2}O 2mgcl_{2}.6h_{2}o CD 34457 5769 21 + + SYM 34457 5769 22 CaCl_{2}.6H_{2}O cacl_{2}.6h_{2}o NN 34457 5769 23 = = SYM 34457 5769 24 Mg_{2}CaCl_{6}.12H_{2}O Mg_{2}CaCl_{6}.12H_{2}O NNS 34457 5769 25 + + CC 34457 5769 26 6H_{2}O 6h_{2}o CD 34457 5769 27 Increase increase NN 34457 5769 28 of of IN 34457 5769 29 pressure pressure NN 34457 5769 30 raises raise VBZ 34457 5769 31 the the DT 34457 5769 32 transition transition NN 34457 5769 33 point point NN 34457 5769 34 , , , 34457 5769 35 because because IN 34457 5769 36 the the DT 34457 5769 37 formation formation NN 34457 5769 38 of of IN 34457 5769 39 tachydrite tachydrite NN 34457 5769 40 is be VBZ 34457 5769 41 accompanied accompany VBN 34457 5769 42 by by IN 34457 5769 43 increase increase NN 34457 5769 44 of of IN 34457 5769 45 volume volume NN 34457 5769 46 ; ; : 34457 5769 47 the the DT 34457 5769 48 elevation elevation NN 34457 5769 49 being be VBG 34457 5769 50 0.016 0.016â NN 34457 5769 51 ° ° NNS 34457 5769 52 for for IN 34457 5769 53 an an DT 34457 5769 54 increase increase NN 34457 5769 55 of of IN 34457 5769 56 pressure pressure NN 34457 5769 57 of of IN 34457 5769 58 1 1 CD 34457 5769 59 atm atm NN 34457 5769 60 . . . 34457 5770 1 The the DT 34457 5770 2 number number NN 34457 5770 3 calculated calculate VBN 34457 5770 4 from from IN 34457 5770 5 the the DT 34457 5770 6 theoretical theoretical JJ 34457 5770 7 formula formula NN 34457 5770 8 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5770 9 p. p. NN 34457 5770 10 57 57 CD 34457 5770 11 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5770 12 is be VBZ 34457 5770 13 0.013 0.013â CD 34457 5770 14 ° ° NNS 34457 5770 15 for for IN 34457 5770 16 1 1 CD 34457 5770 17 atm atm NN 34457 5770 18 . . . 34457 5771 1 If if IN 34457 5771 2 one one PRP 34457 5771 3 calculates calculate VBZ 34457 5771 4 the the DT 34457 5771 5 influence influence NN 34457 5771 6 of of IN 34457 5771 7 the the DT 34457 5771 8 pressure pressure NN 34457 5771 9 of of IN 34457 5771 10 sea sea NN 34457 5771 11 - - HYPH 34457 5771 12 water water NN 34457 5771 13 on on IN 34457 5771 14 the the DT 34457 5771 15 temperature temperature NN 34457 5771 16 of of IN 34457 5771 17 formation formation NN 34457 5771 18 of of IN 34457 5771 19 tachydrite tachydrite NN 34457 5771 20 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5771 21 which which WDT 34457 5771 22 is be VBZ 34457 5771 23 of of IN 34457 5771 24 interest interest NN 34457 5771 25 on on IN 34457 5771 26 account account NN 34457 5771 27 of of IN 34457 5771 28 the the DT 34457 5771 29 natural natural JJ 34457 5771 30 occurrence occurrence NN 34457 5771 31 of of IN 34457 5771 32 this this DT 34457 5771 33 salt salt NN 34457 5771 34 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5771 35 , , , 34457 5771 36 it -PRON- PRP 34457 5771 37 is be VBZ 34457 5771 38 found find VBN 34457 5771 39 that that IN 34457 5771 40 a a DT 34457 5771 41 depth depth NN 34457 5771 42 of of IN 34457 5771 43 water water NN 34457 5771 44 of of IN 34457 5771 45 1500 1500 CD 34457 5771 46 metres metre NNS 34457 5771 47 , , , 34457 5771 48 exerting exert VBG 34457 5771 49 a a DT 34457 5771 50 pressure pressure NN 34457 5771 51 of of IN 34457 5771 52 180 180 CD 34457 5771 53 atm atm NN 34457 5771 54 . . . 34457 5771 55 , , , 34457 5771 56 would would MD 34457 5771 57 alter alter VB 34457 5771 58 the the DT 34457 5771 59 temperature temperature NN 34457 5771 60 of of IN 34457 5771 61 formation formation NN 34457 5771 62 of of IN 34457 5771 63 tachydrite tachydrite NN 34457 5771 64 by by IN 34457 5771 65 only only JJ 34457 5771 66 3 3â NN 34457 5771 67 ° ° NNS 34457 5771 68 . . . 34457 5772 1 The the DT 34457 5772 2 effect effect NN 34457 5772 3 is be VBZ 34457 5772 4 , , , 34457 5772 5 therefore therefore RB 34457 5772 6 , , , 34457 5772 7 comparatively comparatively RB 34457 5772 8 unimportant unimportant JJ 34457 5772 9 . . . 34457 5773 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5773 2 344 344 CD 34457 5773 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5773 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5773 5 , , , 34457 5773 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5773 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5773 8 . . . 34457 5774 1 physical physical NNP 34457 5774 2 . . . 34457 5775 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5775 2 . . . 34457 5775 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5775 4 , , , 34457 5775 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5775 6 , , , 34457 5775 7 1 1 CD 34457 5775 8 . . . 34457 5776 1 227 227 CD 34457 5776 2 . . . 34457 5777 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5777 2 345 345 CD 34457 5777 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5777 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5777 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5777 6 . . . 34457 5778 1 physical physical NNP 34457 5778 2 . . . 34457 5779 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5779 2 . . . 34457 5779 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5779 4 , , , 34457 5779 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5779 6 , , , 34457 5779 7 1 1 CD 34457 5779 8 . . . 34457 5780 1 227 227 CD 34457 5780 2 . . . 34457 5781 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5781 2 346 346 CD 34457 5781 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5781 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5781 5 Hoff hoff NN 34457 5781 6 and and CC 34457 5781 7 Müller mã¼ller NN 34457 5781 8 , , , 34457 5781 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5781 10 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5781 11 . . . 34457 5781 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5781 13 , , , 34457 5781 14 1898 1898 CD 34457 5781 15 , , , 34457 5781 16 31 31 CD 34457 5781 17 . . . 34457 5782 1 2206 2206 CD 34457 5782 2 . . . 34457 5783 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5783 2 347 347 CD 34457 5783 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5783 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5783 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5783 6 and and CC 34457 5783 7 van van NNP 34457 5783 8 Deventer Deventer NNP 34457 5783 9 , , , 34457 5783 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5783 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5783 12 . . . 34457 5784 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5784 2 . . . 34457 5785 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5785 2 . . . 34457 5785 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5785 4 , , , 34457 5785 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5785 6 , , , 34457 5785 7 1 1 CD 34457 5785 8 . . . 34457 5786 1 165 165 CD 34457 5786 2 . . . 34457 5787 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5787 2 348 348 CD 34457 5787 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5787 4 For for IN 34457 5787 5 a a DT 34457 5787 6 full full JJ 34457 5787 7 discussion discussion NN 34457 5787 8 of of IN 34457 5787 9 the the DT 34457 5787 10 solubility solubility NN 34457 5787 11 relations relation NNS 34457 5787 12 of of IN 34457 5787 13 sodium sodium NN 34457 5787 14 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 5787 15 racemate racemate NN 34457 5787 16 , , , 34457 5787 17 see see VB 34457 5787 18 van't van't NNP 34457 5787 19 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5787 20 , , , 34457 5787 21 _ _ NNP 34457 5787 22 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5787 23 und und JJ 34457 5787 24 Spaltung Spaltung NNP 34457 5787 25 von von NNP 34457 5787 26 Doppelsalzen Doppelsalzen NNP 34457 5787 27 _ _ NNP 34457 5787 28 , , , 34457 5787 29 p. p. NN 34457 5787 30 81 81 CD 34457 5787 31 . . . 34457 5788 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5788 2 349 349 CD 34457 5788 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5788 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5788 5 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5788 6 chim chim NN 34457 5788 7 . . . 34457 5789 1 phys phys NN 34457 5789 2 . . . 34457 5789 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5789 4 , , , 34457 5789 5 1848 1848 CD 34457 5789 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5789 7 3 3 CD 34457 5789 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5789 9 , , , 34457 5789 10 24 24 CD 34457 5789 11 . . . 34457 5790 1 442 442 CD 34457 5790 2 . . . 34457 5791 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5791 2 350 350 CD 34457 5791 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5791 4 See see VB 34457 5791 5 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5791 6 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5791 7 and and CC 34457 5791 8 van van NNP 34457 5791 9 Deventer Deventer NNP 34457 5791 10 , , , 34457 5791 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5791 12 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5791 13 . . . 34457 5792 1 phys phys NN 34457 5792 2 . . . 34457 5793 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5793 2 . . . 34457 5793 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5793 4 , , , 34457 5793 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5793 6 , , , 34457 5793 7 1 1 CD 34457 5793 8 . . . 34457 5794 1 165 165 CD 34457 5794 2 . . . 34457 5795 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5795 2 351 351 CD 34457 5795 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5795 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5795 5 , , , 34457 5795 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5795 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5795 8 . . . 34457 5796 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5796 2 . . . 34457 5797 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5797 2 . . . 34457 5797 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5797 4 , , , 34457 5797 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 5797 6 , , , 34457 5797 7 5 5 CD 34457 5797 8 . . . 34457 5798 1 121 121 CD 34457 5798 2 . . . 34457 5799 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5799 2 352 352 CD 34457 5799 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5799 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5799 5 , , , 34457 5799 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5799 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5799 8 . . . 34457 5800 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5800 2 . . . 34457 5801 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5801 2 . . . 34457 5801 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5801 4 , , , 34457 5801 5 1888 1888 CD 34457 5801 6 , , , 34457 5801 7 2 2 CD 34457 5801 8 . . . 34457 5802 1 518 518 CD 34457 5802 2 . . . 34457 5803 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5803 2 353 353 CD 34457 5803 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5803 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5803 5 , , , 34457 5803 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5803 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5803 8 . . . 34457 5804 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5804 2 . . . 34457 5805 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5805 2 . . . 34457 5805 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5805 4 , , , 34457 5805 5 1890 1890 CD 34457 5805 6 , , , 34457 5805 7 5 5 CD 34457 5805 8 . . . 34457 5806 1 109 109 CD 34457 5806 2 . . . 34457 5807 1 On on IN 34457 5807 2 the the DT 34457 5807 3 importance importance NN 34457 5807 4 of of IN 34457 5807 5 the the DT 34457 5807 6 transition transition NN 34457 5807 7 interval interval NN 34457 5807 8 in in IN 34457 5807 9 the the DT 34457 5807 10 case case NN 34457 5807 11 of of IN 34457 5807 12 optically optically RB 34457 5807 13 active active JJ 34457 5807 14 substances substance NNS 34457 5807 15 , , , 34457 5807 16 see see VBP 34457 5807 17 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5807 18 , , , 34457 5807 19 _ _ NNP 34457 5807 20 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5807 21 . . . 34457 5807 22 _ _ NNP 34457 5807 23 , , , 34457 5807 24 1904 1904 CD 34457 5807 25 , , , 34457 5807 26 37 37 CD 34457 5807 27 . . . 34457 5808 1 2604 2604 CD 34457 5808 2 . . . 34457 5809 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5809 2 354 354 CD 34457 5809 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5809 4 In in IN 34457 5809 5 connection connection NN 34457 5809 6 with with IN 34457 5809 7 this this DT 34457 5809 8 chapter chapter NN 34457 5809 9 , , , 34457 5809 10 see see VB 34457 5809 11 , , , 34457 5809 12 more more RBR 34457 5809 13 especially especially RB 34457 5809 14 , , , 34457 5809 15 van't van't JJ 34457 5809 16 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5809 17 , , , 34457 5809 18 _ _ NNP 34457 5809 19 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5809 20 und und JJ 34457 5809 21 Spaltung Spaltung NNP 34457 5809 22 von von NNP 34457 5809 23 Doppelsalzen Doppelsalzen NNP 34457 5809 24 _ _ NNP 34457 5809 25 , , , 34457 5809 26 p. p. NN 34457 5809 27 3 3 CD 34457 5809 28 , , , 34457 5809 29 _ _ NNP 34457 5809 30 ff ff NNP 34457 5809 31 . . . 34457 5809 32 _ _ NNP 34457 5809 33 ; ; : 34457 5809 34 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5809 35 , , , 34457 5809 36 _ _ NNP 34457 5809 37 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5809 38 . . . 34457 5810 1 physikal physikal VB 34457 5810 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5810 3 . . . 34457 5810 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5810 5 , , , 34457 5810 6 1892 1892 CD 34457 5810 7 , , , 34457 5810 8 10 10 CD 34457 5810 9 . . . 34457 5811 1 158 158 LS 34457 5811 2 ; ; : 34457 5811 3 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5811 4 , , , 34457 5811 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5811 6 Phase Phase NNP 34457 5811 7 Rule Rule NNP 34457 5811 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5811 9 , , , 34457 5811 10 p. p. NN 34457 5811 11 201 201 CD 34457 5811 12 ; ; : 34457 5811 13 209 209 CD 34457 5811 14 . . . 34457 5812 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5812 2 355 355 LS 34457 5812 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5812 4 The the DT 34457 5812 5 same same JJ 34457 5812 6 restriction restriction NN 34457 5812 7 must must MD 34457 5812 8 be be VB 34457 5812 9 made make VBN 34457 5812 10 here here RB 34457 5812 11 as as IN 34457 5812 12 was be VBD 34457 5812 13 imposed impose VBN 34457 5812 14 in in IN 34457 5812 15 the the DT 34457 5812 16 preceding precede VBG 34457 5812 17 chapter chapter NN 34457 5812 18 , , , 34457 5812 19 namely namely RB 34457 5812 20 , , , 34457 5812 21 that that IN 34457 5812 22 the the DT 34457 5812 23 two two CD 34457 5812 24 salts salt NNS 34457 5812 25 in in IN 34457 5812 26 solution solution NN 34457 5812 27 give give VBP 34457 5812 28 a a DT 34457 5812 29 common common JJ 34457 5812 30 ion ion NN 34457 5812 31 . . . 34457 5813 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5813 2 356 356 CD 34457 5813 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5813 4 For for IN 34457 5813 5 example example NN 34457 5813 6 , , , 34457 5813 7 addition addition NN 34457 5813 8 of of IN 34457 5813 9 ammonium ammonium NN 34457 5813 10 chloride chloride NN 34457 5813 11 to to IN 34457 5813 12 solutions solution NNS 34457 5813 13 of of IN 34457 5813 14 ferric ferric JJ 34457 5813 15 chloride chloride NN 34457 5813 16 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5813 17 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5813 18 , , , 34457 5813 19 _ _ NNP 34457 5813 20 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5813 21 . . . 34457 5814 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5814 2 . . . 34457 5815 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5815 2 . . . 34457 5815 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5815 4 , , , 34457 5815 5 1892 1892 CD 34457 5815 6 , , , 34457 5815 7 10 10 CD 34457 5815 8 . . . 34457 5816 1 149 149 CD 34457 5816 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5816 3 . . . 34457 5817 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5817 2 357 357 CD 34457 5817 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5817 4 It -PRON- PRP 34457 5817 5 must must MD 34457 5817 6 , , , 34457 5817 7 of of IN 34457 5817 8 course course NN 34457 5817 9 , , , 34457 5817 10 be be VB 34457 5817 11 understood understand VBN 34457 5817 12 that that IN 34457 5817 13 the the DT 34457 5817 14 temperature temperature NN 34457 5817 15 is be VBZ 34457 5817 16 on on IN 34457 5817 17 that that DT 34457 5817 18 side side NN 34457 5817 19 of of IN 34457 5817 20 the the DT 34457 5817 21 transition transition NN 34457 5817 22 point point NN 34457 5817 23 on on IN 34457 5817 24 which which WDT 34457 5817 25 the the DT 34457 5817 26 double double JJ 34457 5817 27 salt salt NN 34457 5817 28 is be VBZ 34457 5817 29 stable stable JJ 34457 5817 30 . . . 34457 5818 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5818 2 358 358 CD 34457 5818 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5818 4 Excess excess NN 34457 5818 5 of of IN 34457 5818 6 the the DT 34457 5818 7 double double JJ 34457 5818 8 salt salt NN 34457 5818 9 must must MD 34457 5818 10 be be VB 34457 5818 11 taken take VBN 34457 5818 12 , , , 34457 5818 13 because because IN 34457 5818 14 otherwise otherwise RB 34457 5818 15 an an DT 34457 5818 16 unsaturated unsaturated JJ 34457 5818 17 solution solution NN 34457 5818 18 might may MD 34457 5818 19 be be VB 34457 5818 20 formed form VBN 34457 5818 21 , , , 34457 5818 22 and and CC 34457 5818 23 this this DT 34457 5818 24 would would MD 34457 5818 25 , , , 34457 5818 26 of of IN 34457 5818 27 course course NN 34457 5818 28 , , , 34457 5818 29 not not RB 34457 5818 30 deposit deposit VB 34457 5818 31 any any DT 34457 5818 32 salt salt NN 34457 5818 33 . . . 34457 5819 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5819 2 359 359 CD 34457 5819 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5819 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5819 5 , , , 34457 5819 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5819 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5819 8 . . . 34457 5819 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5819 10 , , , 34457 5819 11 1904 1904 CD 34457 5819 12 , , , 34457 5819 13 37 37 CD 34457 5819 14 . . . 34457 5820 1 2605 2605 CD 34457 5820 2 . . . 34457 5821 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5821 2 360 360 CD 34457 5821 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5821 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5821 5 , , , 34457 5821 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5821 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5821 8 . . . 34457 5821 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5821 10 , , , 34457 5821 11 1897 1897 CD 34457 5821 12 , , , 34457 5821 13 30 30 CD 34457 5821 14 . . . 34457 5822 1 1809 1809 CD 34457 5822 2 . . . 34457 5823 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5823 2 361 361 CD 34457 5823 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5823 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5823 5 , , , 34457 5823 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5823 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5823 8 . . . 34457 5823 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5823 10 , , , 34457 5823 11 1904 1904 CD 34457 5823 12 , , , 34457 5823 13 37 37 CD 34457 5823 14 . . . 34457 5824 1 2604 2604 CD 34457 5824 2 . . . 34457 5825 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5825 2 362 362 CD 34457 5825 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5825 4 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5825 5 , , , 34457 5825 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5825 7 Phase Phase NNP 34457 5825 8 Rule Rule NNP 34457 5825 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5825 10 , , , 34457 5825 11 p. p. NN 34457 5825 12 203 203 CD 34457 5825 13 ; ; : 34457 5825 14 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5825 15 , , , 34457 5825 16 _ _ NNP 34457 5825 17 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5825 18 . . . 34457 5826 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5826 2 . . . 34457 5827 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5827 2 . . . 34457 5827 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5827 4 , , , 34457 5827 5 1891 1891 CD 34457 5827 6 , , , 34457 5827 7 8 8 CD 34457 5827 8 . . . 34457 5828 1 504 504 CD 34457 5828 2 , , , 34457 5828 3 531 531 CD 34457 5828 4 ; ; : 34457 5828 5 Stortenbeker stortenbeker NN 34457 5828 6 , , , 34457 5828 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5828 8 ibid ibid NN 34457 5828 9 . . . 34457 5828 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5828 11 , , , 34457 5828 12 1895 1895 CD 34457 5828 13 , , , 34457 5828 14 17 17 CD 34457 5828 15 . . . 34457 5829 1 643 643 CD 34457 5829 2 ; ; : 34457 5829 3 1897 1897 CD 34457 5829 4 , , , 34457 5829 5 22 22 CD 34457 5829 6 . . . 34457 5830 1 60 60 CD 34457 5830 2 ; ; : 34457 5830 3 1900 1900 CD 34457 5830 4 , , , 34457 5830 5 34 34 CD 34457 5830 6 . . . 34457 5831 1 108 108 CD 34457 5831 2 . . . 34457 5832 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5832 2 363 363 CD 34457 5832 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5832 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5832 5 , , , 34457 5832 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5832 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5832 8 . . . 34457 5833 1 phys phys NN 34457 5833 2 . . . 34457 5834 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5834 2 . . . 34457 5834 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5834 4 , , , 34457 5834 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5834 6 , , , 34457 5834 7 28 28 CD 34457 5834 8 . . . 34457 5835 1 494 494 CD 34457 5835 2 ; ; : 34457 5835 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5835 4 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5835 5 . . . 34457 5835 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5835 7 , , , 34457 5835 8 1899 1899 CD 34457 5835 9 , , , 34457 5835 10 32 32 CD 34457 5835 11 . . . 34457 5836 1 537 537 CD 34457 5836 2 . . . 34457 5837 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5837 2 364 364 CD 34457 5837 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5837 4 As as IN 34457 5837 5 , , , 34457 5837 6 for for IN 34457 5837 7 instance instance NN 34457 5837 8 , , , 34457 5837 9 strychnine strychnine NN 34457 5837 10 racemate racemate NN 34457 5837 11 , , , 34457 5837 12 a a DT 34457 5837 13 compound compound NN 34457 5837 14 of of IN 34457 5837 15 racemic racemic JJ 34457 5837 16 acid acid NN 34457 5837 17 with with IN 34457 5837 18 the the DT 34457 5837 19 _ _ NNP 34457 5837 20 optically optically RB 34457 5837 21 active active JJ 34457 5837 22 _ _ NNP 34457 5837 23 strychnine strychnine NN 34457 5837 24 . . . 34457 5838 1 This this DT 34457 5838 2 would would MD 34457 5838 3 be be VB 34457 5838 4 resolved resolve VBN 34457 5838 5 into into IN 34457 5838 6 strychnine strychnine NN 34457 5838 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5838 8 d_-tartrate d_-tartrate NNP 34457 5838 9 and and CC 34457 5838 10 strychnine strychnine NN 34457 5838 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5838 12 l_-tartrate l_-tartrate NNP 34457 5838 13 , , , 34457 5838 14 which which WDT 34457 5838 15 are be VBP 34457 5838 16 not not RB 34457 5838 17 enantiomorphous enantiomorphous JJ 34457 5838 18 forms form NNS 34457 5838 19 . . . 34457 5839 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5839 2 365 365 CD 34457 5839 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5839 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5839 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5839 6 and and CC 34457 5839 7 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5839 8 , , , 34457 5839 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5839 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5839 11 . . . 34457 5840 1 physikal physikal VB 34457 5840 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5840 3 . . . 34457 5840 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5840 5 , , , 34457 5840 6 1898 1898 CD 34457 5840 7 , , , 34457 5840 8 27 27 CD 34457 5840 9 . . . 34457 5841 1 75 75 CD 34457 5841 2 ; ; : 34457 5841 3 1899 1899 CD 34457 5841 4 , , , 34457 5841 5 30 30 CD 34457 5841 6 . . . 34457 5842 1 86 86 CD 34457 5842 2 . . . 34457 5843 1 Fig fig NN 34457 5843 2 . . . 34457 5844 1 113 113 CD 34457 5844 2 is be VBZ 34457 5844 3 taken take VBN 34457 5844 4 from from IN 34457 5844 5 the the DT 34457 5844 6 latter latter JJ 34457 5844 7 paper paper NN 34457 5844 8 . . . 34457 5845 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5845 2 366 366 CD 34457 5845 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5845 4 Solid solid JJ 34457 5845 5 models model NNS 34457 5845 6 constructed construct VBN 34457 5845 7 of of IN 34457 5845 8 plaster plaster NN 34457 5845 9 of of IN 34457 5845 10 Paris Paris NNP 34457 5845 11 can can MD 34457 5845 12 be be VB 34457 5845 13 obtained obtain VBN 34457 5845 14 from from IN 34457 5845 15 Max Max NNP 34457 5845 16 Kaehler Kaehler NNP 34457 5845 17 and and CC 34457 5845 18 Martini Martini NNP 34457 5845 19 , , , 34457 5845 20 Berlin Berlin NNP 34457 5845 21 . . . 34457 5846 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5846 2 367 367 CD 34457 5846 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5846 4 Instead instead RB 34457 5846 5 of of IN 34457 5846 6 the the DT 34457 5846 7 present present JJ 34457 5846 8 method method NN 34457 5846 9 of of IN 34457 5846 10 obtaining obtain VBG 34457 5846 11 potassium potassium NN 34457 5846 12 chloride chloride NN 34457 5846 13 by by IN 34457 5846 14 decomposing decompose VBG 34457 5846 15 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 5846 16 with with IN 34457 5846 17 water water NN 34457 5846 18 , , , 34457 5846 19 advantage advantage NN 34457 5846 20 might may MD 34457 5846 21 be be VB 34457 5846 22 taken take VBN 34457 5846 23 of of IN 34457 5846 24 the the DT 34457 5846 25 fact fact NN 34457 5846 26 that that IN 34457 5846 27 carnallite carnallite NN 34457 5846 28 when when WRB 34457 5846 29 heated heat VBN 34457 5846 30 to to IN 34457 5846 31 168 168â CD 34457 5846 32 ° ° , 34457 5846 33 undergoes undergoe NNS 34457 5846 34 decomposition decomposition NN 34457 5846 35 with with IN 34457 5846 36 separation separation NN 34457 5846 37 of of IN 34457 5846 38 three three CD 34457 5846 39 - - HYPH 34457 5846 40 fourths fourth NNS 34457 5846 41 of of IN 34457 5846 42 the the DT 34457 5846 43 potassium potassium NN 34457 5846 44 chloride chloride NN 34457 5846 45 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5846 46 van't van't NNP 34457 5846 47 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5846 48 , , , 34457 5846 49 _ _ NNP 34457 5846 50 Acht Acht NNP 34457 5846 51 Vorträge vortrã¤ge NN 34457 5846 52 über über VBZ 34457 5846 53 physikalische physikalische IN 34457 5846 54 Chemie Chemie NNP 34457 5846 55 _ _ NNP 34457 5846 56 , , , 34457 5846 57 1902 1902 CD 34457 5846 58 , , , 34457 5846 59 p. p. NN 34457 5846 60 32 32 CD 34457 5846 61 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5846 62 . . . 34457 5847 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5847 2 368 368 CD 34457 5847 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5847 4 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5847 5 and and CC 34457 5847 6 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5847 7 , , , 34457 5847 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5847 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5847 10 . . . 34457 5848 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5848 2 . . . 34457 5849 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5849 2 . . . 34457 5849 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5849 4 , , , 34457 5849 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5849 6 , , , 34457 5849 7 15 15 CD 34457 5849 8 . . . 34457 5850 1 588 588 CD 34457 5850 2 . . . 34457 5851 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5851 2 369 369 CD 34457 5851 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5851 4 These these DT 34457 5851 5 curves curve NNS 34457 5851 6 represent represent VBP 34457 5851 7 only only JJ 34457 5851 8 portions portion NNS 34457 5851 9 of of IN 34457 5851 10 the the DT 34457 5851 11 isotherms isotherm NNS 34457 5851 12 , , , 34457 5851 13 since since IN 34457 5851 14 the the DT 34457 5851 15 systems system NNS 34457 5851 16 in in IN 34457 5851 17 which which WDT 34457 5851 18 a a DT 34457 5851 19 ternary ternary JJ 34457 5851 20 solution solution NN 34457 5851 21 is be VBZ 34457 5851 22 in in IN 34457 5851 23 equilibrium equilibrium NN 34457 5851 24 with with IN 34457 5851 25 solid solid JJ 34457 5851 26 hydrogen hydrogen NN 34457 5851 27 chloride chloride NN 34457 5851 28 or or CC 34457 5851 29 a a DT 34457 5851 30 hydrate hydrate NN 34457 5851 31 , , , 34457 5851 32 have have VBP 34457 5851 33 not not RB 34457 5851 34 been be VBN 34457 5851 35 investigated investigate VBN 34457 5851 36 . . . 34457 5852 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5852 2 370 370 CD 34457 5852 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5852 4 The the DT 34457 5852 5 numbers number NNS 34457 5852 6 printed print VBN 34457 5852 7 beside beside IN 34457 5852 8 the the DT 34457 5852 9 points point NNS 34457 5852 10 on on IN 34457 5852 11 the the DT 34457 5852 12 curves curve NNS 34457 5852 13 refer refer VB 34457 5852 14 to to IN 34457 5852 15 the the DT 34457 5852 16 number number NN 34457 5852 17 of of IN 34457 5852 18 the the DT 34457 5852 19 experiment experiment NN 34457 5852 20 in in IN 34457 5852 21 the the DT 34457 5852 22 original original JJ 34457 5852 23 paper paper NN 34457 5852 24 . . . 34457 5853 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5853 2 371 371 CD 34457 5853 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5853 4 Lash Lash NNP 34457 5853 5 , , , 34457 5853 6 Miller Miller NNP 34457 5853 7 and and CC 34457 5853 8 Kenrick Kenrick NNP 34457 5853 9 , , , 34457 5853 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5853 11 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5853 12 . . . 34457 5854 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5854 2 . . . 34457 5855 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5855 2 . . . 34457 5855 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5855 4 , , , 34457 5855 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5855 6 , , , 34457 5855 7 7 7 CD 34457 5855 8 . . . 34457 5856 1 259 259 CD 34457 5856 2 ; ; : 34457 5856 3 Allan Allan NNP 34457 5856 4 , , , 34457 5856 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5856 6 Amer Amer NNP 34457 5856 7 . . . 34457 5857 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5857 2 . . . 34457 5858 1 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5858 2 . . . 34457 5858 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5858 4 , , , 34457 5858 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5858 6 , , , 34457 5858 7 25 25 CD 34457 5858 8 . . . 34457 5859 1 307 307 CD 34457 5859 2 . . . 34457 5860 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5860 2 372 372 CD 34457 5860 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5860 4 Allan Allan NNP 34457 5860 5 , , , 34457 5860 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5860 7 Amer Amer NNP 34457 5860 8 . . . 34457 5861 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5861 2 . . . 34457 5862 1 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5862 2 . . . 34457 5862 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5862 4 , , , 34457 5862 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5862 6 , , , 34457 5862 7 25 25 CD 34457 5862 8 . . . 34457 5863 1 307 307 CD 34457 5863 2 . . . 34457 5864 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5864 2 373 373 CD 34457 5864 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5864 4 Hoitsema Hoitsema NNP 34457 5864 5 , , , 34457 5864 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5864 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5864 8 . . . 34457 5865 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5865 2 . . . 34457 5866 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5866 2 . . . 34457 5866 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5866 4 , , , 34457 5866 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5866 6 , , , 34457 5866 7 17 17 CD 34457 5866 8 . . . 34457 5867 1 651 651 CD 34457 5867 2 ; ; : 34457 5867 3 Allan Allan NNP 34457 5867 4 , , , 34457 5867 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5867 6 loc loc NNP 34457 5867 7 . . . 34457 5868 1 cit cit NNP 34457 5868 2 . . . 34457 5868 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5868 4 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5868 5 374 374 CD 34457 5868 6 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5868 7 Rutten Rutten NNP 34457 5868 8 , , , 34457 5868 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5868 10 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5868 11 . . . 34457 5869 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5869 2 . . . 34457 5870 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5870 2 . . . 34457 5870 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5870 4 , , , 34457 5870 5 1902 1902 CD 34457 5870 6 , , , 34457 5870 7 30 30 CD 34457 5870 8 . . . 34457 5871 1 342 342 CD 34457 5871 2 . . . 34457 5872 1 Compare compare VB 34457 5872 2 the the DT 34457 5872 3 system system NN 34457 5872 4 BeO beo NN 34457 5872 5 -- -- : 34457 5872 6 SO_{3}--H_{2}O so_{3}--h_{2}o JJ 34457 5872 7 ; ; : 34457 5872 8 Parsons Parsons NNP 34457 5872 9 , , , 34457 5872 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5872 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5872 12 . . . 34457 5873 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5873 2 . . . 34457 5874 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5874 2 . . . 34457 5874 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5874 4 , , , 34457 5874 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5874 6 , , , 34457 5874 7 42 42 CD 34457 5874 8 . . . 34457 5875 1 250 250 CD 34457 5875 2 . . . 34457 5876 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5876 2 375 375 CD 34457 5876 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5876 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5876 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5876 6 . . . 34457 5877 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5877 2 . . . 34457 5878 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5878 2 . . . 34457 5878 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5878 4 , , , 34457 5878 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5878 6 , , , 34457 5878 7 40 40 CD 34457 5878 8 . . . 34457 5879 1 146 146 CD 34457 5879 2 . . . 34457 5880 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5880 2 376 376 CD 34457 5880 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5880 4 Schreinemakers Schreinemakers NNPS 34457 5880 5 , , , 34457 5880 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5880 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5880 8 . . . 34457 5881 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5881 2 . . . 34457 5882 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5882 2 . . . 34457 5882 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5882 4 , , , 34457 5882 5 1893 1893 CD 34457 5882 6 , , , 34457 5882 7 11 11 CD 34457 5882 8 . . . 34457 5883 1 76 76 CD 34457 5883 2 ; ; : 34457 5883 3 Bancroft Bancroft NNP 34457 5883 4 , , , 34457 5883 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5883 6 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5883 7 . . . 34457 5884 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5884 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5884 3 . . . 34457 5884 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5884 5 , , , 34457 5884 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 5884 7 , , , 34457 5884 8 6 6 CD 34457 5884 9 . . . 34457 5885 1 179 179 CD 34457 5885 2 . . . 34457 5886 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5886 2 377 377 CD 34457 5886 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5886 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5886 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5886 6 . . . 34457 5887 1 anorgan anorgan NNP 34457 5887 2 . . . 34457 5888 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5888 2 . . . 34457 5888 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5888 4 , , , 34457 5888 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5888 6 , , , 34457 5888 7 40 40 CD 34457 5888 8 . . . 34457 5889 1 148 148 CD 34457 5889 2 . . . 34457 5890 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5890 2 378 378 CD 34457 5890 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5890 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5890 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5890 6 . . . 34457 5891 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5891 2 . . . 34457 5892 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5892 2 . . . 34457 5892 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5892 4 , , , 34457 5892 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5892 6 , , , 34457 5892 7 43 43 CD 34457 5892 8 . . . 34457 5893 1 354 354 CD 34457 5893 2 . . . 34457 5894 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5894 2 379 379 CD 34457 5894 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5894 4 These these DT 34457 5894 5 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 5894 6 were be VBD 34457 5894 7 obtained obtain VBN 34457 5894 8 by by IN 34457 5894 9 Boudouard Boudouard NNP 34457 5894 10 , , , 34457 5894 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5894 12 Annales Annales NNP 34457 5894 13 chim chim NN 34457 5894 14 . . . 34457 5895 1 phys phys NN 34457 5895 2 . . . 34457 5895 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5895 4 , , , 34457 5895 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5895 6 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5895 7 7 7 CD 34457 5895 8 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5895 9 , , , 34457 5895 10 24 24 CD 34457 5895 11 . . . 34457 5896 1 5 5 CD 34457 5896 2 . . . 34457 5897 1 See see VB 34457 5897 2 also also RB 34457 5897 3 Hahn Hahn NNP 34457 5897 4 , , , 34457 5897 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5897 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5897 7 . . . 34457 5898 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5898 2 . . . 34457 5899 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5899 2 . . . 34457 5899 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5899 4 , , , 34457 5899 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5899 6 , , , 34457 5899 7 42 42 CD 34457 5899 8 . . . 34457 5900 1 705 705 CD 34457 5900 2 ; ; : 34457 5900 3 44 44 CD 34457 5900 4 . . . 34457 5901 1 513 513 CD 34457 5901 2 . . . 34457 5902 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5902 2 380 380 CD 34457 5902 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5902 4 G. G. NNP 34457 5902 5 Preuner Preuner NNP 34457 5902 6 , , , 34457 5902 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5902 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5902 9 . . . 34457 5903 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5903 2 . . . 34457 5904 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5904 2 . . . 34457 5904 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5904 4 , , , 34457 5904 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5904 6 , , , 34457 5904 7 47 47 CD 34457 5904 8 . . . 34457 5905 1 385 385 CD 34457 5905 2 . . . 34457 5906 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5906 2 381 381 CD 34457 5906 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5906 4 See see VB 34457 5906 5 Hahn Hahn NNP 34457 5906 6 , , , 34457 5906 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5906 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5906 9 . . . 34457 5907 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5907 2 . . . 34457 5908 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5908 2 . . . 34457 5908 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5908 4 , , , 34457 5908 5 1903 1903 CD 34457 5908 6 , , , 34457 5908 7 42 42 CD 34457 5908 8 . . . 34457 5909 1 705 705 CD 34457 5909 2 ; ; : 34457 5909 3 44 44 CD 34457 5909 4 . . . 34457 5910 1 513 513 CD 34457 5910 2 ; ; : 34457 5910 3 Boudouard Boudouard NNP 34457 5910 4 , , , 34457 5910 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5910 6 Bull Bull NNP 34457 5910 7 . . . 34457 5911 1 Soc Soc NNP 34457 5911 2 . . . 34457 5912 1 chim chim NNP 34457 5912 2 . . . 34457 5912 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5912 4 , , , 34457 5912 5 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5912 6 3 3 CD 34457 5912 7 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5912 8 , , , 34457 5912 9 25 25 CD 34457 5912 10 . . . 34457 5913 1 484 484 CD 34457 5913 2 ; ; : 34457 5913 3 Bodländer Bodländer NNP 34457 5913 4 , , , 34457 5913 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5913 6 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5913 7 . . . 34457 5914 1 f. f. NNP 34457 5914 2 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5914 3 . . . 34457 5914 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5914 5 , , , 34457 5914 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 5914 7 , , , 34457 5914 8 8 8 CD 34457 5914 9 . . . 34457 5915 1 833 833 CD 34457 5915 2 ; ; : 34457 5915 3 R. R. NNP 34457 5915 4 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 5915 5 and and CC 34457 5915 6 Zimmermann Zimmermann NNP 34457 5915 7 , , , 34457 5915 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5915 9 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5915 10 . . . 34457 5915 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5915 12 , , , 34457 5915 13 1903 1903 CD 34457 5915 14 , , , 34457 5915 15 36 36 CD 34457 5915 16 . . . 34457 5916 1 1231 1231 CD 34457 5916 2 , , , 34457 5916 3 3663 3663 CD 34457 5916 4 ; ; : 34457 5916 5 Schenck Schenck NNP 34457 5916 6 and and CC 34457 5916 7 Heller Heller NNP 34457 5916 8 , , , 34457 5916 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5916 10 ibid ibid NN 34457 5916 11 . . . 34457 5916 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5916 13 , , , 34457 5916 14 1905 1905 CD 34457 5916 15 , , , 34457 5916 16 38 38 CD 34457 5916 17 . . . 34457 5917 1 2132 2132 CD 34457 5917 2 ; ; : 34457 5917 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5917 4 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5917 5 . . . 34457 5918 1 f. f. NNP 34457 5918 2 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5918 3 . . . 34457 5918 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5918 5 , , , 34457 5918 6 1903 1903 CD 34457 5918 7 , , , 34457 5918 8 9 9 CD 34457 5918 9 . . . 34457 5919 1 691 691 CD 34457 5919 2 ; ; : 34457 5919 3 Haber Haber NNP 34457 5919 4 , , , 34457 5919 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5919 6 Thermodynamik Thermodynamik NNP 34457 5919 7 technischer technischer NN 34457 5919 8 Gasreaktionen Gasreaktionen NNP 34457 5919 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5919 10 , , , 34457 5919 11 p. p. NN 34457 5919 12 293 293 CD 34457 5919 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5919 14 Munich Munich NNP 34457 5919 15 , , , 34457 5919 16 1903 1903 CD 34457 5919 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5919 18 . . . 34457 5920 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5920 2 382 382 CD 34457 5920 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5920 4 A a DT 34457 5920 5 very very RB 34457 5920 6 useful useful JJ 34457 5920 7 summary summary NN 34457 5920 8 of of IN 34457 5920 9 the the DT 34457 5920 10 investigations investigation NNS 34457 5920 11 carried carry VBN 34457 5920 12 out out RP 34457 5920 13 by by IN 34457 5920 14 van't van't NNS 34457 5920 15 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5920 16 and and CC 34457 5920 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 34457 5920 18 pupils pupil NNS 34457 5920 19 on on IN 34457 5920 20 the the DT 34457 5920 21 formation formation NN 34457 5920 22 of of IN 34457 5920 23 the the DT 34457 5920 24 Stassfurt Stassfurt NNP 34457 5920 25 salt salt NN 34457 5920 26 - - HYPH 34457 5920 27 beds bed NNS 34457 5920 28 is be VBZ 34457 5920 29 given give VBN 34457 5920 30 by by IN 34457 5920 31 E. E. NNP 34457 5920 32 F. F. NNP 34457 5920 33 Armstrong Armstrong NNP 34457 5920 34 , , , 34457 5920 35 in in IN 34457 5920 36 the the DT 34457 5920 37 _ _ NNP 34457 5920 38 Reports Reports NNPS 34457 5920 39 of of IN 34457 5920 40 the the DT 34457 5920 41 British British NNP 34457 5920 42 Association Association NNP 34457 5920 43 for for IN 34457 5920 44 1901 1901 CD 34457 5920 45 _ _ NNP 34457 5920 46 , , , 34457 5920 47 p. p. NN 34457 5920 48 262 262 CD 34457 5920 49 . . . 34457 5921 1 See see VB 34457 5921 2 also also RB 34457 5921 3 van't van't VBZ 34457 5921 4 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5921 5 , , , 34457 5921 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5921 7 Zur Zur NNP 34457 5921 8 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5921 9 der der NN 34457 5921 10 ozeanischen ozeanischen RB 34457 5921 11 Salzablagerungen Salzablagerungen NNP 34457 5921 12 _ _ NNP 34457 5921 13 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5921 14 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 34457 5921 15 , , , 34457 5921 16 1905 1905 CD 34457 5921 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5921 18 . . . 34457 5922 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5922 2 383 383 CD 34457 5922 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5922 4 See see VB 34457 5922 5 especially especially RB 34457 5922 6 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5922 7 , , , 34457 5922 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5922 9 Silzungsber Silzungsber NNP 34457 5922 10 . . . 34457 5923 1 Wien Wien NNP 34457 5923 2 . . . 34457 5924 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5924 2 . . . 34457 5924 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5924 4 , , , 34457 5924 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 5924 6 , , , 34457 5924 7 104 104 CD 34457 5924 8 . . . 34457 5925 1 II ii CD 34457 5925 2 . . . 34457 5926 1 _ _ NNP 34457 5926 2 b b NNP 34457 5926 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5926 4 , , , 34457 5926 5 840 840 CD 34457 5926 6 ; ; : 34457 5926 7 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5926 8 and and CC 34457 5926 9 Saunders Saunders NNPS 34457 5926 10 , , , 34457 5926 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5926 12 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5926 13 . . . 34457 5927 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5927 2 . . . 34457 5928 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5928 2 . . . 34457 5928 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5928 4 , , , 34457 5928 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5928 6 , , , 34457 5928 7 28 28 CD 34457 5928 8 . . . 34457 5929 1 453 453 CD 34457 5929 2 ; ; : 34457 5929 3 31 31 CD 34457 5929 4 . . . 34457 5930 1 370 370 CD 34457 5930 2 . . . 34457 5931 1 The the DT 34457 5931 2 investigation investigation NN 34457 5931 3 of of IN 34457 5931 4 the the DT 34457 5931 5 equilibria equilibrium NNS 34457 5931 6 between between IN 34457 5931 7 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 5931 8 salt salt NN 34457 5931 9 - - HYPH 34457 5931 10 pairs pair NNS 34457 5931 11 alone alone RB 34457 5931 12 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5931 13 three three CD 34457 5931 14 - - HYPH 34457 5931 15 component component NN 34457 5931 16 systems system NNS 34457 5931 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5931 18 is be VBZ 34457 5931 19 of of IN 34457 5931 20 great great JJ 34457 5931 21 importance importance NN 34457 5931 22 for for IN 34457 5931 23 the the DT 34457 5931 24 artificial artificial JJ 34457 5931 25 preparations preparation NNS 34457 5931 26 of of IN 34457 5931 27 minerals mineral NNS 34457 5931 28 , , , 34457 5931 29 as as RB 34457 5931 30 also also RB 34457 5931 31 in in IN 34457 5931 32 analytical analytical JJ 34457 5931 33 chemistry chemistry NN 34457 5931 34 for for IN 34457 5931 35 the the DT 34457 5931 36 proper proper JJ 34457 5931 37 understanding understanding NN 34457 5931 38 of of IN 34457 5931 39 the the DT 34457 5931 40 methods method NNS 34457 5931 41 of of IN 34457 5931 42 conversion conversion NN 34457 5931 43 of of IN 34457 5931 44 insoluble insoluble JJ 34457 5931 45 systems system NNS 34457 5931 46 into into IN 34457 5931 47 soluble soluble JJ 34457 5931 48 by by IN 34457 5931 49 fusion fusion NN 34457 5931 50 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5931 51 see see VB 34457 5931 52 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5931 53 , , , 34457 5931 54 _ _ NNP 34457 5931 55 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5931 56 . . . 34457 5932 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5932 2 . . . 34457 5933 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5933 2 . . . 34457 5933 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5933 4 , , , 34457 5933 5 1901 1901 CD 34457 5933 6 , , , 34457 5933 7 38 38 CD 34457 5933 8 . . . 34457 5934 1 307 307 CD 34457 5934 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5934 3 . . . 34457 5935 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5935 2 384 384 CD 34457 5935 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5935 4 See See NNP 34457 5935 5 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5935 6 , , , 34457 5935 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5935 8 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5935 9 . . . 34457 5936 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5936 2 . . . 34457 5937 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5937 2 . . . 34457 5937 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5937 4 , , , 34457 5937 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5937 6 , , , 34457 5937 7 28 28 CD 34457 5937 8 . . . 34457 5938 1 459 459 CD 34457 5938 2 . . . 34457 5939 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5939 2 385 385 CD 34457 5939 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5939 4 Compare compare VB 34457 5939 5 the the DT 34457 5939 6 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 5939 7 salt salt NN 34457 5939 8 - - HYPH 34457 5939 9 pair pair NN 34457 5939 10 NaCl NaCl NNP 34457 5939 11 -- -- : 34457 5939 12 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 LS 34457 5939 13 } } -RRB- 34457 5939 14 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5939 15 p. p. NN 34457 5939 16 321 321 CD 34457 5939 17 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5939 18 . . . 34457 5940 1 In in IN 34457 5940 2 this this DT 34457 5940 3 case case NN 34457 5940 4 the the DT 34457 5940 5 upper upper JJ 34457 5940 6 limit limit NN 34457 5940 7 of of IN 34457 5940 8 the the DT 34457 5940 9 transition transition NN 34457 5940 10 interval interval NN 34457 5940 11 was be VBD 34457 5940 12 found find VBN 34457 5940 13 by by IN 34457 5940 14 extrapolation extrapolation NN 34457 5940 15 of of IN 34457 5940 16 the the DT 34457 5940 17 solubility solubility NN 34457 5940 18 curve curve NN 34457 5940 19 for for IN 34457 5940 20 NaHCO_{3 nahco_{3 CD 34457 5940 21 } } -RRB- 34457 5940 22 + + CC 34457 5940 23 NH_{4}Cl nh_{4}cl NN 34457 5940 24 + + CC 34457 5940 25 NH_{4}HCO_{3 nh_{4}hco_{3 NN 34457 5940 26 } } -RRB- 34457 5940 27 and and CC 34457 5940 28 NaHCO_{3 NaHCO_{3 NNP 34457 5940 29 } } -RRB- 34457 5940 30 + + CC 34457 5940 31 NH_{4}Cl nh_{4}cl NN 34457 5940 32 + + CC 34457 5940 33 NaCl nacl NN 34457 5940 34 to to TO 34457 5940 35 be be VB 34457 5940 36 32 32â CD 34457 5940 37 ° ° , 34457 5940 38 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5940 39 Fedotieff Fedotieff NNP 34457 5940 40 , , , 34457 5940 41 _ _ NNP 34457 5940 42 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5940 43 . . . 34457 5941 1 phys phys NN 34457 5941 2 . . . 34457 5942 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5942 2 . . . 34457 5942 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5942 4 , , , 34457 5942 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5942 6 , , , 34457 5942 7 49 49 CD 34457 5942 8 . . . 34457 5943 1 179 179 LS 34457 5943 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5943 3 . . . 34457 5944 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5944 2 386 386 CD 34457 5944 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5944 4 Löwenherz Löwenherz NNP 34457 5944 5 , , , 34457 5944 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5944 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5944 8 . . . 34457 5945 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5945 2 . . . 34457 5946 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5946 2 . . . 34457 5946 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5946 4 , , , 34457 5946 5 1894 1894 CD 34457 5946 6 , , , 34457 5946 7 13 13 CD 34457 5946 8 . . . 34457 5947 1 464 464 CD 34457 5947 2 . . . 34457 5948 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5948 2 387 387 CD 34457 5948 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5948 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5948 5 and and CC 34457 5948 6 Saunders Saunders NNPS 34457 5948 7 , , , 34457 5948 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5948 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5948 10 . . . 34457 5949 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5949 2 . . . 34457 5950 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5950 2 . . . 34457 5950 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5950 4 , , , 34457 5950 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5950 6 , , , 34457 5950 7 28 28 CD 34457 5950 8 . . . 34457 5951 1 479 479 CD 34457 5951 2 . . . 34457 5952 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5952 2 388 388 CD 34457 5952 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5952 4 As as IN 34457 5952 5 the the DT 34457 5952 6 quantities quantity NNS 34457 5952 7 of of IN 34457 5952 8 the the DT 34457 5952 9 salts salt NNS 34457 5952 10 are be VBP 34457 5952 11 expressed express VBN 34457 5952 12 in in IN 34457 5952 13 _ _ NNP 34457 5952 14 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 5952 15 _ _ NNP 34457 5952 16 gram gram NN 34457 5952 17 - - HYPH 34457 5952 18 molecules molecule NNS 34457 5952 19 , , , 34457 5952 20 the the DT 34457 5952 21 molecule molecule NN 34457 5952 22 of of IN 34457 5952 23 sodium sodium NN 34457 5952 24 and and CC 34457 5952 25 potassium potassium NN 34457 5952 26 chloride chloride NN 34457 5952 27 must must MD 34457 5952 28 be be VB 34457 5952 29 doubled double VBN 34457 5952 30 in in IN 34457 5952 31 order order NN 34457 5952 32 to to TO 34457 5952 33 be be VB 34457 5952 34 equivalent equivalent JJ 34457 5952 35 to to IN 34457 5952 36 sodium sodium NN 34457 5952 37 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 5952 38 and and CC 34457 5952 39 potassium potassium NN 34457 5952 40 sulphate sulphate NN 34457 5952 41 . . . 34457 5953 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5953 2 389 389 CD 34457 5953 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5953 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5953 5 Sitz Sitz NNP 34457 5953 6 - - HYPH 34457 5953 7 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5953 8 . . . 34457 5954 1 der der NNP 34457 5954 2 kgl kgl NNP 34457 5954 3 . . . 34457 5955 1 preuss preus NNS 34457 5955 2 . . . 34457 5956 1 Akad Akad NNP 34457 5956 2 . . . 34457 5957 1 der der NNP 34457 5957 2 Wiss Wiss NNP 34457 5957 3 . . . 34457 5957 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5957 5 , , , 34457 5957 6 1903 1903 CD 34457 5957 7 , , , 34457 5957 8 p. p. NN 34457 5957 9 359 359 CD 34457 5957 10 . . . 34457 5958 1 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5958 2 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5958 3 , , , 34457 5958 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5958 5 Zur Zur NNP 34457 5958 6 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 5958 7 der der NN 34457 5958 8 ozeanischen ozeanischen RB 34457 5958 9 Salzablagerungen Salzablagerungen NNP 34457 5958 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5958 11 , , , 34457 5958 12 I. I. NNP 34457 5958 13 p. p. NN 34457 5958 14 34 34 CD 34457 5958 15 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5958 16 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 34457 5958 17 , , , 34457 5958 18 1905 1905 CD 34457 5958 19 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5958 20 . . . 34457 5959 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5959 2 390 390 CD 34457 5959 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5959 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5959 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5959 6 . . . 34457 5960 1 für für NNP 34457 5960 2 Kristallographie Kristallographie NNP 34457 5960 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5960 4 , , , 34457 5960 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5960 6 , , , 34457 5960 7 39 39 CD 34457 5960 8 . . . 34457 5961 1 155 155 CD 34457 5961 2 . . . 34457 5962 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5962 2 391 391 CD 34457 5962 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5962 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5962 5 and and CC 34457 5962 6 Saunders Saunders NNPS 34457 5962 7 , , , 34457 5962 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5962 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5962 10 . . . 34457 5963 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5963 2 . . . 34457 5964 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5964 2 . . . 34457 5964 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5964 4 , , , 34457 5964 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 5964 6 , , , 34457 5964 7 28 28 CD 34457 5964 8 . . . 34457 5965 1 479 479 CD 34457 5965 2 . . . 34457 5966 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5966 2 392 392 CD 34457 5966 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5966 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5966 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5966 6 . . . 34457 5967 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5967 2 . . . 34457 5968 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5968 2 . . . 34457 5968 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5968 4 , , , 34457 5968 5 1904 1904 CD 34457 5968 6 , , , 34457 5968 7 49 49 CD 34457 5968 8 . . . 34457 5969 1 162 162 CD 34457 5969 2 . . . 34457 5970 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5970 2 393 393 CD 34457 5970 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5970 4 Another another DT 34457 5970 5 commercial commercial JJ 34457 5970 6 process process NN 34457 5970 7 , , , 34457 5970 8 in in IN 34457 5970 9 the the DT 34457 5970 10 study study NN 34457 5970 11 of of IN 34457 5970 12 which which WDT 34457 5970 13 good good JJ 34457 5970 14 service service NN 34457 5970 15 is be VBZ 34457 5970 16 done do VBN 34457 5970 17 by by IN 34457 5970 18 the the DT 34457 5970 19 Phase Phase NNP 34457 5970 20 Rule Rule NNP 34457 5970 21 , , , 34457 5970 22 is be VBZ 34457 5970 23 the the DT 34457 5970 24 caustification caustification NN 34457 5970 25 of of IN 34457 5970 26 the the DT 34457 5970 27 alkali alkali JJ 34457 5970 28 salts salt NNS 34457 5970 29 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5970 30 G. G. NNP 34457 5970 31 Bodländer Bodländer NNP 34457 5970 32 , , , 34457 5970 33 _ _ NNP 34457 5970 34 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5970 35 . . . 34457 5971 1 für für NNP 34457 5971 2 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5971 3 . . . 34457 5971 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5971 5 , , , 34457 5971 6 1905 1905 CD 34457 5971 7 , , , 34457 5971 8 11 11 CD 34457 5971 9 . . . 34457 5972 1 186 186 CD 34457 5972 2 ; ; : 34457 5972 3 J. J. NNP 34457 5972 4 Herold Herold NNP 34457 5972 5 , , , 34457 5972 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5972 7 ibid ibid NN 34457 5972 8 . . . 34457 5972 9 _ _ NNP 34457 5972 10 , , , 34457 5972 11 418 418 CD 34457 5972 12 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5972 13 . . . 34457 5973 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5973 2 394 394 CD 34457 5973 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5973 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5973 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5973 6 . . . 34457 5974 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5974 2 . . . 34457 5975 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5975 2 . . . 34457 5975 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5975 4 , , , 34457 5975 5 1900 1900 CD 34457 5975 6 , , , 34457 5975 7 35 35 CD 34457 5975 8 . . . 34457 5976 1 32 32 CD 34457 5976 2 . . . 34457 5977 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5977 2 395 395 CD 34457 5977 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5977 4 Mention mention NN 34457 5977 5 may may MD 34457 5977 6 also also RB 34457 5977 7 be be VB 34457 5977 8 made make VBN 34457 5977 9 here here RB 34457 5977 10 of of IN 34457 5977 11 the the DT 34457 5977 12 equilibria equilibria NN 34457 5977 13 between between IN 34457 5977 14 magnesium magnesium NN 34457 5977 15 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 5977 16 and and CC 34457 5977 17 potassium potassium NN 34457 5977 18 carbonate carbonate NN 34457 5977 19 , , , 34457 5977 20 although although IN 34457 5977 21 these these DT 34457 5977 22 do do VBP 34457 5977 23 not not RB 34457 5977 24 form form VB 34457 5977 25 a a DT 34457 5977 26 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34457 5977 27 salt salt NN 34457 5977 28 - - HYPH 34457 5977 29 pair pair NN 34457 5977 30 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5977 31 Auerbach Auerbach NNP 34457 5977 32 , , , 34457 5977 33 _ _ NNP 34457 5977 34 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5977 35 . . . 34457 5978 1 für für NNP 34457 5978 2 Elektrochem Elektrochem NNP 34457 5978 3 . . . 34457 5978 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5978 5 , , , 34457 5978 6 1904 1904 CD 34457 5978 7 , , , 34457 5978 8 10 10 CD 34457 5978 9 . . . 34457 5979 1 161 161 CD 34457 5979 2 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5979 3 . . . 34457 5980 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5980 2 396 396 CD 34457 5980 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5980 4 O. O. NNP 34457 5980 5 N. N. NNP 34457 5980 6 Witt Witt NNP 34457 5980 7 and and CC 34457 5980 8 K. K. NNP 34457 5980 9 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 34457 5980 10 , , , 34457 5980 11 _ _ NNP 34457 5980 12 Ber Ber NNP 34457 5980 13 . . . 34457 5980 14 _ _ NNP 34457 5980 15 , , , 34457 5980 16 1903 1903 CD 34457 5980 17 , , , 34457 5980 18 36 36 CD 34457 5980 19 . . . 34457 5981 1 4384 4384 CD 34457 5981 2 ; ; : 34457 5981 3 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 5981 4 , , , 34457 5981 5 _ _ NNP 34457 5981 6 ibid ibid NN 34457 5981 7 . . . 34457 5981 8 _ _ NNP 34457 5981 9 , , , 34457 5981 10 1904 1904 CD 34457 5981 11 , , , 34457 5981 12 37 37 CD 34457 5981 13 . . . 34457 5982 1 261 261 CD 34457 5982 2 , , , 34457 5982 3 1116 1116 CD 34457 5982 4 . . . 34457 5983 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5983 2 397 397 CD 34457 5983 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5983 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5983 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5983 6 . . . 34457 5984 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5984 2 . . . 34457 5985 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5985 2 . . . 34457 5985 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5985 4 , , , 34457 5985 5 1905 1905 CD 34457 5985 6 , , , 34457 5985 7 53 53 CD 34457 5985 8 . . . 34457 5986 1 513 513 CD 34457 5986 2 . . . 34457 5987 1 Compare compare VB 34457 5987 2 also also RB 34457 5987 3 , , , 34457 5987 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5987 5 ibid ibid NN 34457 5987 6 . . . 34457 5987 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5987 8 , , , 34457 5987 9 1903 1903 CD 34457 5987 10 , , , 34457 5987 11 38 38 CD 34457 5987 12 . . . 34457 5988 1 307 307 CD 34457 5988 2 . . . 34457 5989 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5989 2 398 398 CD 34457 5989 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5989 4 See See NNP 34457 5989 5 Schwarz Schwarz NNP 34457 5989 6 , , , 34457 5989 7 _ _ NNP 34457 5989 8 Beiträge Beiträge NNP 34457 5989 9 zur zur IN 34457 5989 10 Kenntnis Kenntnis NNP 34457 5989 11 der der VBD 34457 5989 12 umkehrbaren umkehrbaren NNP 34457 5989 13 Umwandlungen Umwandlungen NNP 34457 5989 14 polymorpher polymorpher NN 34457 5989 15 Korper Korper NNP 34457 5989 16 _ _ NNP 34457 5989 17 ( ( -LRB- 34457 5989 18 Göttingen Göttingen NNP 34457 5989 19 , , , 34457 5989 20 1892 1892 CD 34457 5989 21 ) ) -RRB- 34457 5989 22 ; ; : 34457 5989 23 or or CC 34457 5989 24 , , , 34457 5989 25 Roozeboom Roozeboom NNP 34457 5989 26 , , , 34457 5989 27 _ _ NNP 34457 5989 28 Heterogen Heterogen NNP 34457 5989 29 . . . 34457 5990 1 Gleichgewicht Gleichgewicht NNP 34457 5990 2 _ _ NNP 34457 5990 3 , , , 34457 5990 4 I. I. NNP 34457 5990 5 p. p. NN 34457 5990 6 125 125 CD 34457 5990 7 . . . 34457 5991 1 Also also RB 34457 5991 2 Barnes Barnes NNPS 34457 5991 3 and and CC 34457 5991 4 Cooke Cooke NNP 34457 5991 5 , , , 34457 5991 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5991 7 Journ Journ NNP 34457 5991 8 . . . 34457 5992 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 5992 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5992 3 . . . 34457 5992 4 _ _ NNP 34457 5992 5 , , , 34457 5992 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 5992 7 , , , 34457 5992 8 6 6 CD 34457 5992 9 . . . 34457 5993 1 172 172 CD 34457 5993 2 . . . 34457 5994 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5994 2 399 399 CD 34457 5994 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5994 4 Van't Van't NNP 34457 5994 5 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 5994 6 and and CC 34457 5994 7 van van NNP 34457 5994 8 Deventer Deventer NNP 34457 5994 9 , , , 34457 5994 10 _ _ NNP 34457 5994 11 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5994 12 . . . 34457 5995 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 5995 2 . . . 34457 5996 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 5996 2 . . . 34457 5996 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5996 4 , , , 34457 5996 5 1887 1887 CD 34457 5996 6 , , , 34457 5996 7 1 1 CD 34457 5996 8 . . . 34457 5997 1 173 173 CD 34457 5997 2 . . . 34457 5998 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 5998 2 400 400 CD 34457 5998 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 5998 4 Reicher Reicher NNP 34457 5998 5 , , , 34457 5998 6 _ _ NNP 34457 5998 7 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 5998 8 . . . 34457 5999 1 für für NNP 34457 5999 2 Krystallographie Krystallographie NNP 34457 5999 3 _ _ NNP 34457 5999 4 , , , 34457 5999 5 1884 1884 CD 34457 5999 6 , , , 34457 5999 7 8 8 CD 34457 5999 8 . . . 34457 6000 1 593 593 CD 34457 6000 2 . . . 34457 6001 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6001 2 401 401 CD 34457 6001 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6001 4 _ _ NNP 34457 6001 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 6001 6 . . . 34457 6002 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 6002 2 . . . 34457 6003 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 6003 2 . . . 34457 6003 3 _ _ NNP 34457 6003 4 , , , 34457 6003 5 1895 1895 CD 34457 6003 6 , , , 34457 6003 7 17 17 CD 34457 6003 8 . . . 34457 6004 1 153 153 CD 34457 6004 2 . . . 34457 6005 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6005 2 402 402 CD 34457 6005 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6005 4 _ _ NNP 34457 6005 5 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 6005 6 . . . 34457 6006 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 6006 2 . . . 34457 6007 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 6007 2 . . . 34457 6007 3 _ _ NNP 34457 6007 4 , , , 34457 6007 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 6007 6 , , , 34457 6007 7 28 28 CD 34457 6007 8 . . . 34457 6008 1 464 464 CD 34457 6008 2 . . . 34457 6009 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6009 2 403 403 CD 34457 6009 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6009 4 Meyerhoffer Meyerhoffer NNP 34457 6009 5 and and CC 34457 6009 6 Saunders Saunders NNPS 34457 6009 7 , , , 34457 6009 8 _ _ NNP 34457 6009 9 ibid ibid NN 34457 6009 10 . . . 34457 6009 11 _ _ NNP 34457 6009 12 , , , 34457 6009 13 p. p. NN 34457 6009 14 466 466 CD 34457 6009 15 . . . 34457 6010 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6010 2 404 404 CD 34457 6010 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6010 4 See see VB 34457 6010 5 Van Van NNP 34457 6010 6 Eyk Eyk NNP 34457 6010 7 , , , 34457 6010 8 _ _ NNP 34457 6010 9 Zeitschr Zeitschr NNP 34457 6010 10 . . . 34457 6011 1 physikal physikal NNP 34457 6011 2 . . . 34457 6012 1 Chem Chem NNP 34457 6012 2 . . . 34457 6012 3 _ _ NNP 34457 6012 4 , , , 34457 6012 5 1899 1899 CD 34457 6012 6 , , , 34457 6012 7 30 30 CD 34457 6012 8 . . . 34457 6013 1 446 446 CD 34457 6013 2 . . . 34457 6014 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6014 2 405 405 CD 34457 6014 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6014 4 See see VB 34457 6014 5 in in IN 34457 6014 6 this this DT 34457 6014 7 connection connection NN 34457 6014 8 the the DT 34457 6014 9 volume volume NN 34457 6014 10 in in IN 34457 6014 11 this this DT 34457 6014 12 series series NN 34457 6014 13 on on IN 34457 6014 14 _ _ NNP 34457 6014 15 Electro Electro NNP 34457 6014 16 - - HYPH 34457 6014 17 chemistry chemistry NN 34457 6014 18 _ _ NNP 34457 6014 19 , , , 34457 6014 20 by by IN 34457 6014 21 Dr. Dr. NNP 34457 6014 22 R. R. NNP 34457 6014 23 A. A. NNP 34457 6014 24 Lehfeldt Lehfeldt NNP 34457 6014 25 . . . 34457 6015 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6015 2 406 406 CD 34457 6015 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6015 4 Barnes Barnes NNPS 34457 6015 5 and and CC 34457 6015 6 Cooke Cooke NNP 34457 6015 7 , , , 34457 6015 8 _ _ NNP 34457 6015 9 Journ Journ NNP 34457 6015 10 . . . 34457 6016 1 Physical Physical NNP 34457 6016 2 Chem Chem NNP 34457 6016 3 . . . 34457 6016 4 _ _ NNP 34457 6016 5 , , , 34457 6016 6 1902 1902 CD 34457 6016 7 , , , 34457 6016 8 6 6 CD 34457 6016 9 . . . 34457 6017 1 172 172 CD 34457 6017 2 . . . 34457 6018 1 [ [ -LRB- 34457 6018 2 407 407 CD 34457 6018 3 ] ] -RRB- 34457 6018 4 For for IN 34457 6018 5 a a DT 34457 6018 6 description description NN 34457 6018 7 and and CC 34457 6018 8 explanation explanation NN 34457 6018 9 of of IN 34457 6018 10 these these DT 34457 6018 11 , , , 34457 6018 12 the the DT 34457 6018 13 reader reader NN 34457 6018 14 should should MD 34457 6018 15 consult consult VB 34457 6018 16 the the DT 34457 6018 17 volume volume NN 34457 6018 18 in in IN 34457 6018 19 this this DT 34457 6018 20 series series NN 34457 6018 21 by by IN 34457 6018 22 Dr. Dr. NNP 34457 6018 23 Lehfeldt Lehfeldt NNP 34457 6018 24 on on IN 34457 6018 25 _ _ NNP 34457 6018 26 Electro Electro NNP 34457 6018 27 - - HYPH 34457 6018 28 chemistry chemistry NN 34457 6018 29 _ _ NN 34457 6018 30 ; ; : 34457 6018 31 and and CC 34457 6018 32 van't van't VBZ 34457 6018 33 Hoff Hoff NNP 34457 6018 34 , , , 34457 6018 35 _ _ NNP 34457 6018 36 Bildung Bildung NNP 34457 6018 37 und und JJ 34457 6018 38 Spaltung Spaltung NNP 34457 6018 39 von von NNP 34457 6018 40 Doppelsalzen Doppelsalzen NNP 34457 6018 41 _ _ NNP 34457 6018 42 , , , 34457 6018 43 p. p. NN 34457 6018 44 48 48 CD 34457 6018 45 _ _ NNP 34457 6018 46 ff ff NNP 34457 6018 47 . . . 34457 6018 48 _ _ NNP 34457 6018 49 * * NFP 34457 6018 50 * * NFP 34457 6018 51 * * NFP 34457 6018 52 * * NFP 34457 6018 53 * * NFP 34457 6018 54 Changes change NNS 34457 6018 55 made make VBN 34457 6018 56 to to IN 34457 6018 57 the the DT 34457 6018 58 printed print VBN 34457 6018 59 original original NN 34457 6018 60 . . . 34457 6019 1 Pages Pages NNP 34457 6019 2 30 30 CD 34457 6019 3 - - SYM 34457 6019 4 31 31 CD 34457 6019 5 . . . 34457 6020 1 " " `` 34457 6020 2 Fig fig NN 34457 6020 3 . . . 34457 6021 1 3 3 CD 34457 6021 2 , , , 34457 6021 3 p. p. NN 34457 6022 1 27 27 CD 34457 6022 2 . . . 34457 6023 1 " " `` 34457 6023 2 : : : 34457 6023 3 ' ' '' 34457 6023 4 p. p. NN 34457 6024 1 25 25 CD 34457 6024 2 . . . 34457 6024 3 " " '' 34457 6025 1 in in IN 34457 6025 2 original original JJ 34457 6025 3 . . . 34457 6026 1 So so RB 34457 6026 2 also also RB 34457 6026 3 page page NN 34457 6026 4 33 33 CD 34457 6026 5 , , , 34457 6026 6 " " `` 34457 6026 7 Fig fig NN 34457 6026 8 . . . 34457 6027 1 2 2 CD 34457 6027 2 , , , 34457 6027 3 p. p. NN 34457 6027 4 27 27 CD 34457 6027 5 " " '' 34457 6027 6 . . . 34457 6028 1 Page page NN 34457 6028 2 57 57 CD 34457 6028 3 . . . 34457 6029 1 " " `` 34457 6029 2 pp pp NNP 34457 6029 3 . . . 34457 6030 1 29 29 CD 34457 6030 2 and and CC 34457 6030 3 35 35 CD 34457 6030 4 " " '' 34457 6030 5 : : : 34457 6030 6 ' ' '' 34457 6030 7 pp pp NNP 34457 6030 8 . . . 34457 6031 1 25 25 CD 34457 6031 2 and and CC 34457 6031 3 38 38 CD 34457 6031 4 " " '' 34457 6031 5 in in IN 34457 6031 6 original original NN 34457 6031 7 . . . 34457 6032 1 Page page NN 34457 6032 2 65 65 CD 34457 6032 3 . . . 34457 6033 1 " " `` 34457 6033 2 p. p. NNP 34457 6034 1 57 57 CD 34457 6034 2 . . . 34457 6035 1 " " `` 34457 6035 2 : : : 34457 6035 3 ' ' '' 34457 6035 4 p. p. NN 34457 6036 1 60 60 CD 34457 6036 2 " " `` 34457 6036 3 in in IN 34457 6036 4 original original JJ 34457 6036 5 ( ( -LRB- 34457 6036 6 twice twice RB 34457 6036 7 ) ) -RRB- 34457 6036 8 . . . 34457 6037 1 Page page NN 34457 6037 2 166 166 CD 34457 6037 3 . . . 34457 6038 1 " " `` 34457 6038 2 there there EX 34457 6038 3 is be VBZ 34457 6038 4 the the DT 34457 6038 5 point point NN 34457 6038 6 C_{1 C_{1 NNP 34457 6038 7 } } -RRB- 34457 6038 8 " " '' 34457 6038 9 : : : 34457 6038 10 C C NNP 34457 6038 11 ' ' '' 34457 6038 12 in in IN 34457 6038 13 original original NN 34457 6038 14 . . . 34457 6039 1 Page page NN 34457 6039 2 225 225 CD 34457 6039 3 . . . 34457 6040 1 " " `` 34457 6040 2 C C NNP 34457 6040 3 is be VBZ 34457 6040 4 an an DT 34457 6040 5 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 6040 6 point point NN 34457 6040 7 " " '' 34457 6040 8 : : : 34457 6040 9 ' ' `` 34457 6040 10 eutetic eutetic JJ 34457 6040 11 ' ' '' 34457 6040 12 in in IN 34457 6040 13 original original JJ 34457 6040 14 . . . 34457 6041 1 Page page NN 34457 6041 2 228 228 CD 34457 6041 3 . . . 34457 6042 1 " " `` 34457 6042 2 Although although IN 34457 6042 3 this this DT 34457 6042 4 view view NN 34457 6042 5 put put VBN 34457 6042 6 forward forward RP 34457 6042 7 by by IN 34457 6042 8 Heyn Heyn NNP 34457 6042 9 " " '' 34457 6042 10 : : : 34457 6042 11 ' ' '' 34457 6042 12 Athough Athough NNP 34457 6042 13 ' ' '' 34457 6042 14 in in IN 34457 6042 15 original original NN 34457 6042 16 . . . 34457 6043 1 Page page NN 34457 6043 2 232 232 CD 34457 6043 3 . . . 34457 6044 1 " " `` 34457 6044 2 the the DT 34457 6044 3 period period NN 34457 6044 4 of of IN 34457 6044 5 constant constant JJ 34457 6044 6 temperature temperature NN 34457 6044 7 for for IN 34457 6044 8 the the DT 34457 6044 9 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 6044 10 point point NN 34457 6044 11 c c NNP 34457 6044 12 " " '' 34457 6044 13 : : : 34457 6044 14 ' ' '' 34457 6044 15 the the DT 34457 6044 16 eutectic eutectic JJ 34457 6044 17 point point NN 34457 6044 18 e e NNP 34457 6044 19 ' ' '' 34457 6044 20 in in IN 34457 6044 21 original original JJ 34457 6044 22 . . . 34457 6045 1 Page page NN 34457 6045 2 249 249 CD 34457 6045 3 . . . 34457 6046 1 " " `` 34457 6046 2 two two CD 34457 6046 3 liquid liquid JJ 34457 6046 4 layers layer NNS 34457 6046 5 between between IN 34457 6046 6 13 13â CD 34457 6046 7 ° ° NNS 34457 6046 8 and and CC 34457 6046 9 31 31â CD 34457 6046 10 ° ° , 34457 6046 11 " " '' 34457 6046 12 : : : 34457 6046 13 ' ' `` 34457 6046 14 betwen betwen NN 34457 6046 15 ' ' '' 34457 6046 16 in in IN 34457 6046 17 original original JJ 34457 6046 18 . . . 34457 6047 1 Page page NN 34457 6047 2 257 257 CD 34457 6047 3 . . . 34457 6048 1 Tables table NNS 34457 6048 2 entries entry NNS 34457 6048 3 4 4 CD 34457 6048 4 and and CC 34457 6048 5 7 7 CD 34457 6048 6 . . . 34457 6049 1 " " `` 34457 6049 2 naphthol naphthol NNP 34457 6049 3 " " '' 34457 6049 4 : : : 34457 6049 5 ' ' `` 34457 6049 6 napthol napthol NNP 34457 6049 7 ' ' '' 34457 6049 8 in in IN 34457 6049 9 original original JJ 34457 6049 10 . . . 34457 6050 1 Page page NN 34457 6050 2 287 287 CD 34457 6050 3 . . . 34457 6051 1 " " `` 34457 6051 2 from from IN 34457 6051 3 which which WDT 34457 6051 4 the the DT 34457 6051 5 model model NN 34457 6051 6 is be VBZ 34457 6051 7 constructed construct VBN 34457 6051 8 " " '' 34457 6051 9 : : : 34457 6051 10 ' ' '' 34457 6051 11 he -PRON- PRP 34457 6051 12 model model NN 34457 6051 13 ' ' '' 34457 6051 14 in in IN 34457 6051 15 original original JJ 34457 6051 16 . . .